,,/udies ,,( ,,*ri/ianity3    ,,or1     
,,timely ,,?\ghts ,,= ,,religi\s        
,,?9k]s4    ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,pap]s1     
,,by  ,,james ,,m>t9eau4    ,,edit$ ,,by
  ,,william ,r4 ,,alg]4           99    
99       99       99       99           
,,bo/on3  ,,am]ican ,,unit>ian          
,,association1  #ba ,,bromfield ,,/reet4
  #aheh4        ,,cambridge3            
,,electrotyp$ ,,& ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,metcalf
 ,,& ,,company4    ,,cont5ts4           
,,page      ,,introductory ,,?\ghts1 ,,f
 ,,mr4 ,,m>t9eau',s ,,writ+s        v   
,,di/9ctive ,,types ,,( ,,*ri/ianity    
#a      ,,*ri/ianity ,,)\t ,,prie/ ,,&  
,,)\t ,,ritual             #ce          
,,inconsi/5cy ,,( ,,! ,,s*eme ,,(       
,,vic>i\s ,,r$emption        #hc        
,,m$iatorial ,,religion                 
#adg      ,,five ,,po9ts ,,( ,,*ri/ian  
,,fai?                            #agg  
,,cre$ ,,& ,,h]esies ,,( ,,e>ly         
,,*ri/ianity                  #bja      
,,! ,,cre$ ,,( ,,*ri/5dom               
#bff      ,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,*ri/5dom    

#bii      ,,! ,,re/oration ,,( ,,belief 
#cef      ,,"o ,,gospel ,,9 ,,_m        
,,dialects                              
#cii      ,,/4 ,,paul ,,& ,,8 ,,mod]n   
,,/ud5ts                          #dad  
,,s93 ,,:at ,,x ,,is1 ,,:at ,,x ,,is ,,n
                           #dff      ,,!
 ,,duties ,,( ,,*ri/ians ,,9 ,,an ,,age 
,,( ,,controv]sy         #dgh           
,,introductory ,,?\ghts1    ,,f    ,,mr4
 ,,m>t9eau',s ,,writ+s4                 
,,introduction4      ,! ,am]ican        
,unit>ian ,association 9 #ahce repr9t$ f
 ! ,engli%  edition1 among _! ,tracts1 a
 ,s]mon on ,! ,exi/+ ,/ate ( ,!ology  z 
an ,intellectual ,pursuit & ( ,religion1
 z a ,moral ,influ5ce4 ,its  r>e m]its  
elicit$ great praise4 ,its au?or 0 !    
,rev4 ,james  ,m>t9eau1 !n a settl$     
m9i/] 9 ,liv]pool4 ,s9ce t "t1 8        
occasional publications f ye> to ye> h  
be5 w9n+ a wid]  audi5ce1 & awak5+ a    
deep] admiration4 ,! hi/ory ( 8 m9d has 
be5 a broad5+ track ( light4 ,& n[ !    
,association feel t !y  _c d a great]   

favor to ! read+ public1 or bett] aid t 
cause ( ,lib]al ,*ri/ianity ^: s]vants  
!y are1 ?an by pr9t+  a collection ( !  
lat] writ+s ( ?is gift$ man1 :om !y fir/
  introduc$ to ,am]ican ,unit>ians a    
qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4    ,! li/ ( works 
prefix$ to ! article "h entitl$         
,di/9ctive  ,types ( ,*ri/ianity1 z x   
appe>$ 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 &  ! op5+  
s5t5ce ref]r+ to !m1 h be5 accid5tally  
omitt$4  ,two or ?ree ( ! pap]s belong  
to ! au?or's e>li] ye>s1 b are  ins]t$  
"h equally on acc\nt ( _! em95t ability1
 _!  special timel9ess1 & _! /rik+      
adaptation to ! g5]al purpose  ( ! "w2  
namely1 to ?r[ light on ! true nature ( 
,*ri/ianity4  ,!y w also be new to mo/ (
 ^? :om !y n[ rea*4 ,! la/  pap] 9 !    
volume is "o ( ! fir/ its writ] publi%$1
 9 8  comp>ative y\?4 ,we %all be       
disappo9t$ if ! b5ignant wisdom &  moral
 fidelity ( its ca?olic lessons d n     
secure a sympa!tic  response 9 _m a     
qu>t] once clos$ aga9/ su* appeals4     
,9 select+ f ,mr4 ,m>t9eau's num]\s     

invaluable articles1 n  already publi%$ 
9 book-=m1 ! cont5ts ( ! pres5t "w1 !   
rule has n be5 s mu* to *oose ! able/   
productions1 z to take  ^? be/ fitt$ to 
meet ! wants ( ! "t1 by diffus+ among   
m9i/]s1 /ud5ts ( div9ity1 & ! cultivat$ 
laity a k  ( ! mo/ advanc$ !ological &  
religi\s ?\ght yet atta9$4  ,we regret t
 ! necess>y limits ( ! volume exclude   
sev]al (  ! au?or's mo/ in/ructive &    
inspir+ essays2 p>ticul>ly !  magnific5t
 "o 9 ! ,national ,review ^u ,newman1   
,col]idge1 &  ,c>lyle2 also ! "o ^u     
,less+ z a ,!ologian4    ,we h call$ ?is
 volume ,/udies ( ,*ri/ianity1 simply z 
a  conv5i5t indication ( ! g5]al "* (   
its cont5ts4 ,9  ju/ice to ! au?or1 x   
%\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! sep>ate  pap]s 7
 prep>$ to meet v>i\s occasions1 )\t a  
suspicion t  !y w\ld ev] be br\ght      
toge!r to =m a book4 ,( c\rse !y d  n   
express 8 complete views ( ! mighty     
subject :i* !y  fragm5t>ily treat4 ,!   
relative ord] & rank ( 8 convictions1 ! 
int]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity f its inn]  

side1 appe> mu* bett]  9 8 ,endeavors   
aft] ! ,*ri/ian ,life1--by f> ! ri*e/ & 
noble/ s]ies ( s]mons 9 ! ,engli%       
language4 ,/ill1 a k9d (  unity p]vades 
! diff]5t pieces compos+ ?is collection4
 ,"o  ,*ri/-l /ra9 ( s5tim5t brea!s     
?r\gh !m all4 ,! same  consecrat+ fealty
 to tru? presides ov] !m all4 ,! same   
gr&  outl9e ( pr9ciples & unv>y+ /&>d ( 
judgm5t are con/antly  evid5t4 ,! same  
m>vell\s acum51 bread? ( le>n+1 &       
exquisite  culture1 ev]y:]e appe>4 ,ea* 
article is m or less directly an        
illu/ration ( ,*ri/ianity1 z some?+     
moral1 spiritual1 vital1  dynamic1 to be
 practically assimilat$ by ! s\l1 9     
di/9ction f  ! common exposition ( x1 z 
some?+ sac]dotal1 dogmatic1 =mal1       
=5sic1 once enact$ & n[ to be           
mimetically obs]v$4 ,! en]getic  pati5ce
 ( labor1 ! det]sive intellect1 !       
unalloy$ dev\tness (  _s1 ! telescopic  
range bo? ( faculty & equipm5t1 reveal$ 
ev5 9 ^! wayside products1 awak5 9 u an 
unappeasable desire =  a m purpos$ &    

sy/ematic "w f ! same m9d1 n[ 9 its     
fulle/ maturity4 ,9 ! mean "t we w      
express our grateful  appreciation ( !  
contributions already furni%$1 by giv+  
!m  fur!r circulation1 assur$ t no truly
 pi\s & intellig5t p]son1  free f       
bigotry & %ackles1 c p]use !m )\t       
receiv+ equal  measures ( delight &     
pr(it4    ,mr4 ,m>t9eau is s ?or\ghly   
acqua9t$ ) ! processes &  results (     
spiritual exp]i5ce1 ) ! sci5ces (       
nature1 & )  ! :ole realm ( metaphysical
 philosophy1 & 8 own weal?y  faculties  
are s t5aci\s 9 _! activity & fre%ness1 
t e  subject he t\*es receives novelty1 
light1 & ornam5t4 ,he is  emphatically a
 tea*] = ! tea*]s1--a great] guide &    
ma/]  = ! common guides & ma/]s4        
,trav]s+ ! :ole doma9 (  human          
contemplation ) ! def9+ l9es ( analysis1
 clo?+ !  sev]e mat]ials ( sci5ce ) !   
colors ( /hetic art1 he %$s  on e !me ! 
illum9ation ( intellectual g5ius1 &     
transfuses  e ?\ght ) ! di/9ctive       
s5tim5ts ( piety4 ,?us is  af=d$ t r>e/ 

( all spectacles1--& ! "o n[ mo/ ne$$   
by ! cultivat$ religi\s _w1--( a man :o 
is greatly end[$ at  once z philosoph]1 
poet1 & ,*ri/ian1 & :o ) simultane\s    
e>ne/ness 9 ea* capacity is devot$1 by !
 :ole labors ( 8  life1 to ! in/ruction 
( mank9d4    ,= ^! reasons1 we feel x a 
duty to attract z mu* att5tion z        
possible to ,mr4 ,m>t9eau's pa/ &       
expect$ publications4 ,!  pe]less       
intellig5ce1 ! brac+ fidelity1 !        
ess5tial nobl5ess  & ca?olicity1 ! t5d] 
beauty & rev]5ce1 ( 8 utt]ances1  8     
consummate ma/]y ( ! great topics he    
h&les1 seem to u  fitt$ 9 a solit>y     
degree to meet ! highe/ wants ( !       
age1--to  d div9e s]vice 9 ! conflict ( 
scepticism1 s5suality1 & decay  aga9/   
all t is true/ & pure/ 9 ! religi\s fai?
 & moral  life ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,!re=e1 to  
p]sons :o1 unacqua9t$ ) !  au?or's      
previ\s works1 may read ! pap]s "h      
collect$1 we w\ld  recomm5d z ! be/     
books = educat$ & e>ne/ ,*ri/ian  ?9k]s1
 ,mr4 ,m>t9eau's ,rationale ( ,religi\s 

,inquiry1 ! volume  ( 8 ,miscellanies   
edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,s4 ,k+1 & ! two   
s]ies ( ,endeavors aft] ! ,*ri/ian ,life
 rec5tly republi%$ 9  "o volume by      
,messrs4 ,munroe & ,company4    ,we %all
 make up ! re/ ( ?is introductory pap]  
by quot+ f  "s ( ,mr4 ,m>t9eau's        
articles1 n g5]ally accessible1 a few   
specim5s ( ^? ?\ghts :i*1 if freely     
receiv$ 9 ^! times  ( !ological d\bt &  
turmoil1 w\ld lead _m a religi\s ?9k]   
t[>ds ! tru? & peace he covets4    ,h[  
cle>ly ! foll[+ passage %[s ! true      
,,relation ,,betwe5 ,,natural ,,&       
,,reveal$ ,,religion4    ,! contempt )  
:i* x is ! frequ5t practice ( div9es to 
treat  ! gr\nds ( natural religion1     
betrays an ignorance bo? ( ! true  (fice
 ( revelation & ( ! true wants ( ! human
 he>t4 ,x _c  be ju/ifi$1 except on !   
supposition t !re is "s contradiction   
betwe5 ! tea*+s ( creation & ^? ( ,*ri/1
 ) "s decid$  prepond]ance ( pro( 9     
favor ( ! latt]4 ,ev5 if ! ,gospel      
furni%$ a s]ies ( p]fectly new tru?s1 ( 

:i* nature _h be5  pr(\ndly sil5t1 x    
w\ld be nei!r reasonable nor safe to fix
  exclusive att5tion on ^! rec5t &      
hi/orical acquisitions1 &  prohibit all 
ref]5ce to ^? eld] oracles ( ,god1 by   
:i* 8  ,_s1 en%r9$ 9 ! glories ( 8      
univ]se1 taught ! fa!rs (  our race4 ,& 
if x be ! function ( ,*ri/ianity n to   
adm9i/]  tru? entirely new1 b to        
corroborate by fre% evid5ce1 & inve/  ) 
new beauty1 & publi% to ! millions ) a  
voice ( p[]1 a  fai? lat5t already 9 !  
he>ts ( _m1 & scatt]$ ?r\gh !           
speculations ( ! wise & noble few1--to  
erect into realities !  dreams :i* _h   
visit$ a half-inspir$ philosophy1       
int]pret+ !  life & lot ( man2--!n !re  
is a relation betwe5 ! religion (       
nature & t ( ,*ri/1--a relation (       
orig9al &  supplem5t1--:i* r5d]s ! "o   
ess5tial to ! appreh5sion ( !  o!r4     
,revelation1 y say1 has giv5 u ! clew by
 :i* to ?read !  labyr9? ( creation1 &  
extricate ourselves f its passages (    
my/]y & gloom4 ,be x s2 /ill1 !re1 9 !  

sc5e ?us cle>$  ( its p]plexity1 mu/ our
 wor%ip be paid1 & ! manife/ations (    
,deity be s\ght4 ,if ! use ( revelation 
be to expla9 ! p]plexities  ( ,provid5ce
 & life1 x w\ld be a /range use to make 
( !  explanation 7 we to turn away f !  
?+ expla9$4 ,we hold !  key ( heav5 9   
our h&s4 ,:at folly to be = ev] extoll+ 
&  v5]at+ x1 :il/ we prohibit all       
approa* to ! temple ^: gates  x is de/9$
 to unlock4    ,"o w\ld se>* long to f9d
 a f9] illu/ration ?an is "h giv5  ( !  
real      ,,nature ,,( ,,devotion4    ,9
 ,devotion !re is ?is great             
peculi>ity1--t x is nei!r !  "w nor !   
play ( our nature1 b is some?+ high] ?an
  ei!r1--m ideal ?an ! "o1 m real ?an ! 
o!r4 ,all human  activities besides are 
"o ( ^! two ?+s1--ei!r ! m]e aim  at an 
ext]nal end1 or ! m]e outcome ( an inn] 
feel+4 ,on !  "o h&1 we pl\gh & s[1 we  
build & navigate1 t we may w9  !        
adornm5ts & securities ( life2 on ! o!r 
h&1 we s+ &  dance1 we c>ve & pa9t1 t we
 may put =? ! pressure (  h>mony & joy &

 beauty break+ f )94 ,me*anical ,toil   
t]m9ates 9 a solid product2 graceful    
,art is cont5t ) simple  expression2 b  
,religion is degrad$ :5 x is r$uc$ to   
ei!r  "*4 ,x is n a labor ( utility2 &  
he :o looks to x z a  means ( safety1 to
 +ratiate himself ) an awful ,god1 &    
bespeak  an int]e/ 9 a hidd5 ,future1 is
 an utt] /rang] to its ess5ce2  8 habits
 & words may be ca/ 9 its m\ld1 b ! sp>k
 ( its  life is n k9dl$ 9 8 he>t4 ,:5 f$
 by ! fuel ( prud5ce1  ! fire is all    
sp5t 9 fus+ x into =m2 & ! f9i%$ product
  is a cold & metal mimicry1 t nei!r    
moves nor gl[s4 ,nor is  ,religion a    
simple ge/ure ( passion2 & to class x ) 
m]e  natural language1 to treat x z !   
rhy?mical delirium ( ! s\l  work+ (f an 
irrepressible en?usiasm1 is to empty x (
 its real  mean+ & cont5ts1 & s9k x f a 
div9e attraction to a human  excitem5t4 
,! po/ures & movem5ts & tones :i* simply
  manife/ ! impassion$ m9d are cont5t to
 g (f into space1 &  pass away2 !y      
direct !mselves n[hi!r2 !y h no m       

object ?an a convulsion2 !y ask only    
leave to be ! la/ %ape  ( a feel+ t mu/ 
h way2 & be ! inspiration :at x may1  !y
 close & consummate its hi/ory4 ,b he :o
 prays is at !  beg9n+ ( aspiration1 n  
at ! evaporat+ end ( impulse2 he is     
drawn1 n driv52 he is n pa9t+ himself ^u
 vacancy1 b is  surr5d]+ himself to a   
,pres5ce real & ev]la/+4 ,if he fl+s    
out 8 arms1 x is n 9 bl9d p>oxysm1 b t  
he may embrace &  be embrac$2 if he     
cries al\d1 x is t he may be he>d2 if he
  makes melody ( ! sil5t he>t1 x is no  
soliloquy flung into  empt9ess1 b !     
l[-brea?+ love ( _s to ,_s4 ,devotion is
  n ! play ev5 ( ! highe/ faculties1 b  
_! deep e>ne/4 ,x  is no d\bt ! culm9at+
 po9t ( rev]5ce2 b rev]5ce is           
impossible )\t an object1 & c\ld nev]   
culm9ate at all1 or  pass into !        
,inf9ite1 unless its object did s too4  
,9 e case we  f9d t ! faculties &       
susceptibilities ( a be+ tell true1 &   
are ! exact measure ( ! out] life x has 
to live2 & j z  _m & z l>ge proportions 

z x has1 to j s _m & s great  objects   
does x /& relat$2 s t f ! axis ( its    
nature y  may always draw ! curve ( its 
exi/5ce4 ,human wor%ip1 !re=e1  turn+ to
 ! liv+ ,god z ! infant's eye to light1 
is itself a  witness to ,him :om x feels
 aft] & adores2 x is ! image &  %ad[ (  
heav5ly ?+s1 ! p>allel *amb] 9 our      
nature )  t ,holy ( ,holies :i!r its    
inc5se ev] asc5ds4    ,9 a simil> /ra9  
is ?is argum5t to %[ t      ,,devotion  
,,is ,,n ,a ,,mi/ake4    ,be assur$1 all
 visible greatness ( m9d gr[s 9 look+ at
 an  invisible t is great]4 ,& s9ce x is
 inconceivable t :at is  mo/ sublime 9  
humanity %\ld spr+ f vision ( a ?+ t is 
n1 t :at is mo/ real & comm&+ ) u %\ld  
come (  /ret*+ ! s\l into ! unreal &    
empty1 t hi/oric  durability %\ld be !  
gift ( spectral fancies1 we mu/ hold ^! 
dev\t natures to be at "o ) ev]la/+     
,fact1--to feel truly t  ! augu/ =ms (  
,ju/ice & ,hol9ess are at home 9 heav51 
!  object !re ( cle>] insight & m p]fect
 v5]ation4 ,!re are  ^? :o please       

!mselves ) ! idea t ! _w w outgr[  its  
habits ( wor%ip2 t ! newspap] w sup]s$e 
! prea*]  & prophet2 t ! appreh5sion (  
sci5tific laws w replace !  f]vor (     
moral inspirations2 t ?is sph]e ( be+ w 
!n be  p]fectly adm9i/]$ :5 no ref]5ce  
to ano!r di/racts  att5tion4 ,b1 = my   
own "p1 ,i am p]suad$1 t life w\ld soon 
become intol]able on e>?1 7 x copi$ f   
no?+ 9 !  heav5s2 t its deep] affections
 w\ld p9e away & its lights (  pure/    
?\ght gr[ pale1 if x lay %r\d$ 9 no     
,holy ,_s1 b  only 9 ! wild]ness (      
space4 ,! mo/ sagaci\s secul> voice     
leaves1 aft] all1 a *ord unt\*$ 9 !     
human he>t3 li/5+ too  long to its      
didactic monotone1 we beg9 to sigh = !  
ri* music (  hope & fai?4 ,! dry gl>e ( 
noonday k hurts ! eye by  ply+ x = use &
 d5y+ x beauty2 & we long to be scre5$  
beh9d a cl\d or two ( moi/ure & ( my/]y1
 t %all mell[  ! glory & cool ! air4    
,nev] c ! _w be less to u1 ?an  :5 we   
make x all 9 all4    ,our au?or makes a 
/rik+ reply to ! common ass]tion t      

,,!ology ,,is ,,n ,a ,,progressive      
,,sci5ce4    ,x may1 h[ev]1 be          
retrogressive2 & x is sure to repay     
flippant  neglect by l5d+ its empty     
space to mean delusions4 ,to its great  
problems "s answ] w always be attempt$2 
& !re is mu* to  *oose betwe5 !         
solutions1 h[ev] imp]fect1 f\nd by      
rev]5tial  wisdom1 & ! degrad+          
falsehoods t5d]$ 9 reply by !  indiff]5t
 & sup]ficial4 ,ev5 9 _! failures1 !re  
is a va/  diff]5ce betwe5 ! explor+s ( !
 see+ & ! bl9d4 ,we d5y1  h[ev]1 t      
,*ri/ian !ology c assume any aspect (   
failure1  except to ^? :o use a false   
measure ( success4 ,x is n 9 !  nature (
 religion1 ( poetry1 ( art1 to exhibit !
 k9d ( progress  t belongs to physical  
sci5ce4 ,!y diff] f x 9 seek+1 n  !     
ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 b its ess5ce1--n   
its laws (  *ange1 b its et]nal         
mean+s1--n outw>d nature1 9 %ort1 except
  z expressive ( ! inn] ?\ght ( ,god2 & 
be+ ?us int5t ^u  ! endur+ _s & v gr\nd 
( ?+s1 !y _c gr[ by  num]ical accretion 

( facts & exact] regi/ration (          
successions4  ,!y are ! product1 n ( !  
pati5t s5se & comp>+  intellig5ce :i*   
are always at h&1 b ( a deep] & f9]     
insight1 *ang+ ) ! atmosph]e ( !        
affections & w4  ,in/ead ( look+1 !re=e1
 = p]petual advance ( discov]y 9        
!ology1 we %\ld naturally expect an ebb 
& fl[ ( light1 answ]+  to ! moral       
condition ( m5's m9ds2 & may be cont5t  
if ! div9e  tru?1 lo/ 9 ! dulness ( a   
mat]ial age1 cle>s itself into fre%  =ms
 ) ! return+ brea? ( a bett] "t4    ,mo/
 read]s w f9d sugge/ions ( great        
fre%ness 9 ! passage  next cit$3--      
,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4    ,to lose
 sight ( ?is pr9ciple 9 e/imat+         
,*ri/ianity1 & to  insi/ on judg+ x1 n  
by its matur$ "* 9 ,*ri/5dom1 n  by !   
unconsci\s _s ( its f\nd]s1 b by _!     
p]sonal  views & purposes1 is to ov]look
 ! div9e 9 x 9 ord] to fa/5  on ! human2
 to seek ! w+$ creature ( ! air 9 !     
?robb+  *rysalis2 & is l judg+ ! place (
 ! ,hebrews 9 hi/ory by  ! c\rt & !     

prov]bs ( ,solomon1 or ! value (        
,puritanism by  ! s]mon ( a hill-prea*] 
be=e ! civil w>4 ,! primitive           
,*ri/ianity 0 c]ta9ly diff]5t f t ( o!r 
ages2 b  !re is no reason = believ+ t x 
0 bett]4 ,!  repres5tation (t5 made ( ! 
e>ly ,*ur*1 z hav+ only tru?1  & feel+  
only love1 & liv+ 9 simple sanctity1 is 
contradict$  by e page ( ! ,*ri/ian     
records4 ,! ,epi/les are entirely       
occupi$ 9 driv+ back guilt & passion1 or
 9 correct+ errors (  belief2 nor is x  
always possible to approve ( ! temp] 9  
:i*  !y p]=m ! "o task1 or to ass5t to !
 me?ods by :i* !y  attempt ! o!r4       
,pr9ciples & affections 7 inde$ secret$ 
9  ! he>t ( ! fir/ disciples1 :i* 7 to h
 a great future1  & to become ! highe/  
tru? ( ! _w4 ,b x 0 precisely (  ^! t !y
 r>ely ?\ght at all4 ,! ,apo/les        
!mselves speak  slight+ly ( !m1 z baby's
 food2 & ! great fai? 9 ,god1 !  ne$ (  
rep5tant purity ( he>t1 ) ! tru/ 9      
immortality1--!  v doctr9es :i* we %\ld 
"n z ! p]man5t ess5ce (  ,*ri/ian       

fai?1--are expressly decl>$ by !m to be 
! *ildi%  rudim5ts ( belief1 on :i* !   
att5tion ( ! gr[n ,*ri/ian  w disda9 to 
dwell4 ,& :at did !y pref] to ^! sublime
  tru?s1 z ! nutrim5t ( _! life & !     
pride ( _! wisdom8  ,allegories ab\t    
,isaac & ,i%mael1 p>allels betwe5 ,*ri/ 
&  ,mel*is$ec1 new read+s ( hi/ory &    
prophecy to suit ! ev5ts  9 ,pale/9e1 & 
a con/ant outlook = ! end ( all ?+s4 ,^!
  7 ! gr& topics on :i* _! m9ds eag]ly  
work$1 & on  :i* !y labor$ to con/ruct a
 consi/5t !ory4 ,^! give !  =m to _!    
doctr9e1 ! matt] to _! _s4 ,^! are :at y
  w get1 if y g indiscrim9ately to _!   
writ+s = a cre$3  & ^! are no m         
,*ri/ianity ?an ! pret5sions ( ,hildebr&
  or ! visions ( ,sw$5borg4 ,! true     
religion lies else:]e1 j  9 ! ?+s t 7   
ev] pres5t ) !m1 b nev] e/eem$4  ,j z   
y\r fri5d may sp5d 8 anxiety on 8       
/ation1 8  usefulness1 8 appe>ance &    
repute1 & fe> le/ he %\ld %[  no?+      
des]v+ y\r reg>d1 :ile all ! "t y love  
him = !  pure graces1 ! native          

wild-fl[]s1 ( 8 he>t2 s d !  *oice/     
s]vants ( ,god ev] ?9k "o ?+ ( !mselves1
 :ile  !y are de> to him & rev]$ by u = 
q ano!r4 ,! weak  ?+s 9 ! ,*ur* n less  
?an 9 ! _w ha? he *os5 to  conf\nd !    
mighty2 ! simple1 to /rike dumb ! wise2 
& ?+s  t are n1 to sup]s$e ! ?+s t are4 
,9 rude ages1 & amid feudal cu/oms1 x   
has p]haps be5 no unhappy  ?+ t ?is     
image ( s]vitude has be5 transmitt$ into
 !  conceptions ( fai?3 x may h t\*$ )  
"s sanctity an  inevitable submission1 &
 m+l$ a s5tim5t ( loyalty )  religion4  
,b ! ext]nal relation ( s]f & "l is no  
type (  ! int]nal relation ( _s to _s1  
:i* alone con/itutes  religion to u4 ,to
 ,god himself1 ) all 8 inf9itude1 we are
 n  slaves2 we are n 8 prop]ty1 b 8     
*ildr52 he reg>ds u1  n z ?+s1 b z      
p]sons2 he does n s mu* comm& u1 z      
appeal to u2 & 9 our ob$i5ce1 x is n 8  
bidd+ t we  s]ve1 b t div9e ,law ( ,"r (
 :i* he makes u consci\s z  ! rule ( ,8 
nature only m p]fectly ?an ( ours4 ,to  
obey him  z slaves1 9 fe>1 & ) an eye ^u

 8 p[]1 is1 ) all our  punctuality &    
anxiety1 simply & entirely to disobey   
him2 nor is  any?+ preci\s 9 8 sight1   
except ! free cons5t ( he>t )  :i* we   
appreh5d :at is holy to 8 ?\ght &       
embrace :at is 9  h>mony ) 8 p]fection4 
,/ill less c we be slaves to ,*ri/1  :o 
is no autocrat to u1 b our freely foll[$
 lead] t[>ds ,god2  ! guide ( our       
pilgrim troop 9 que/ ( a holy l&2 :o    
gives u  no law f ! m&ates ( 8 w1 b only
 int]prets = u1 &  makes burn )9 u1 9   
*>act]s ( fire1 ! law ( our own  he>ts2 
:o has no p[] ov] u1 except ?r\gh !     
affections he  awak5s & ! aspirations he
 sets ^u ! wat*4 ,we h em]g$  f !       
,religion ( ,law1 ^: only s5tim5t is t (
 ob$i5ce  to sov]eignty2 we h pass$ f ! 
religion ( ,salvation1  ^: life consi/s 
9 gratitude to a ,deliv]]2 & we are     
capable  only ( a religion ( rev]5ce1   
:i* b[s be=e ! au?ority (  ,goodness4 ,&
 9 ! inf9ite ranks ( excell5ce1 f !     
highe/  to ! l[e/1 !re are no lords &   
slaves2 ! dep5d5ce is ev]  t ( int]nal  

*>m1 n ( ext]nal bond2 ! au?ority is b  
repres5t$ & imp]sonat$ 9 ano!r & a bett]
 s\l1 b has its  liv+ seat )9 our own2 &
 9 ?is true & elevat+ wor%ip1  ! m we   
are dispos$ ( by ano!r1 ! m d we feel t 
we  are our own4 ,?is is a relation :i* 
! political t]ms ( !  expect$ !ocracy   
are ill adapt$ to express2 & if we h    
requir$  _m c5turies to grope our way to
 ?is cle>e/ glory ( religion1 to        
dis5gage x f ! impure admixture ( s]vile
 fe> & revolt+  presumption2 if x has   
tak5 long = u to melt away 9 our        
imag9ation ! images ( ?rones &          
tribunals1 ( prize-giv+s &  prisons1 ( a
 police & assizes ( ! univ]se2 if only  
at !  elev5? h\r ( our fai?1 ! cl\d has 
pass$ away1 & %[n u  ! true angel-ladd] 
t spr+s f e>? to heav51 ! pure  climax (
 s\ls :]eon ea* bel[ looks up & rises1  
yet ea* above  b5ds d[n & helps2--!     
discov]y :i* br+s su* peace &  fre$om to
 ! he>t1 has be5 delay$ by ! mi/ak5     
id5tification  ( ! entire cre$ ( ! fir/ 
age ) ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,n[ t    

,god has %[n u s mu* m1 has tri$ ! div9e
 se$ (  ! ,gospel on s v>i\s a soil (   
hi/ory1 & enabl$ u to  di/+ui% its      
faire/ blossoms & its *oice/ fruits1 a  
mu*  l>g] mean+ ?an 0 possible at fir/  
mu/ be giv5 to ! purpose  ( 8           
revelation4 ,ev5 to ,paul1 ,*ri/ 0 ma9ly
 ! great  repres5tative ( a !ocratic    
idea2 & 0 9 no o!r s5se an  object (    
spiritual belief1 ?an t he 0 n on e>? & 
mortal1 b 9 heav5 & immortal4 ,t fai? 9 
,*ri/1 :i* !n  prom95tly d5ot$ belief 9 
8 appo9t$ return1 & allegiance  to him z
 ,god's vic]oy 9 ?is _w1 is n[ transf]r$
 into q a  diff]5t ?+4 ,x is altoge!r a 
moral & affectionate s5tim5t3  an       
ackn[l$gm5t ( him z ! highe/            
imp]sonation ( div9e  excell5ce &       
inspir$ insight yet giv5 to ! _w2 a tru/
 9 him  z ! only realiz$ type (         
p]fection t c m$iate = u  betwe5        
ourselves & ,god2 a fai?fulness to him1 
z mak+ u  consci\s ( :at we are & :at   
,god & our consci5ce w\ld h u  to be4 ,x
 is va9 to pret5d t revelation is a fix$

 &  /]eotyp$ ?+4 ,x 0 born1 z ! div9e/  
?+s mu/ be1 among  human conditions2 &  
into x ev] s9ce human conditions h      
p]petually fl[$4 ,! elem5ts ( ,hebrew   
?\ght surr\nd$ !  sacr$ c5tre at fir/1 &
 h be5 errone\sly id5tifi$ ) x  by all  
,unit>ian *ur*es 9 e age4 ,! ,hell5ic   
intellect  aft]w>ds /ream$ t[>ds ! fre% 
po9t ( life & fai?1 &  ga!r$ ar\nd x !  
metaphysical sy/em ( ,tr9it>ian dogma 9 
:i* or?odox communions ( all times h1 ) 
p>allel error1  s\ght ! ess5ce ( !      
,gospel4 ,! true pr9ciple ( ! religion  
has be5 secret$ 9 bo?1 & consi/$ 9      
nei!r3 x has la9  unnotic$ 9 ! mid/1 9 !
 sil5t *amb] ( ! he>t1 ar\nd  :i* !     
clamor ( ! disputati\s intellect :irls  
)\t  entrance4 ,! ag5cy ( ,*ri/'s m9d z 
! expression ( ,god's moral  nature &   
provid5ce1 & z ! realiz$ ideal ( beauty 
&  excell5ce1--?is is ! p[] ( ,god & !  
wisdom ( ,god1 :i* has  made va9 !      
c\nsels ( ! _w1 & baffl$ ! fooli%ness ( 
! ,*ur*4 ,?is is ! ,gospel's c5tre (    
/ability1--,jesus ,*ri/1  ! same        

ye/]day1 to-day1 & = ev]4    ,few p]sons
 c be ins5sible to ! sublimity ( ?is    
expression ^u  ! relation betwe5        
,,*ri/1 ,,nature1 ,,provid5ce1 ,,&      
,,god4    ,9 conclusion1 !n1 ,i rev]t1 )
 fre%5$ p]suasion1 to !  /atem5t ) :i*  
,i comm5c$4 ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,naz>e?1 ,god
 ha?  pres5t$ to u simply 9 8 inspir$   
humanity4 ,him we accept1 n  inde$ z v  
,god1 b z ! true image ( ,god1          
commission$ to %[  :at no writt5        
doctr9al record c\ld decl>e1 ! entire   
moral  p]fections ( ,deity4 ,we accept1 
n inde$ 8 body1 n !  /ruggles ( 8       
s5sitive nature1 n ! travail ( 8 s\l1 b 
8 purity1 8 t5d]ness1 8 absolute        
devotion to ! great idea (  "r1 8 pati5t
 & compassionate w>f>e aga9/ mis]y &    
guilt1  z ! mo/ di/9ct & beautiful      
expression ( ! ,div9e m9d4 ,!  peculi>  
(fice ( ,*ri/ is to supply a new moral  
image (  ,provid5ce2 & ev]y?+1 !re=e1   
except ! moral complexion  ( 8 m9d1 we  
leave beh9d z human & hi/orical m]ely1 &
 apply  to no religi\s use4 ,i h already

 /at$ 9 :at way nature & !  ,gospel     
comb9e to br+ be=e u ! great object (   
our tru/ &  wor%ip4 ,! univ]se gives u !
 scale ( ,god1 & ,*ri/1 8  ,_s4 ,we     
climb to ! inf9itude ( 8 nature by !    
awful pa?way  ( ! />s1 :]e :ole =e/s (  
worlds sil5tly quiv] "h &  !re1 l a     
small leaf ( light4 ,we dive into 8     
et]nity1 ?r\gh  ! ocean waves ( "t1 t   
roll & solemnly break on !  imag9ation1 
z we trace ! wrecks ( dep>t$ ?+s ^u our 
pres5t globe4 ,! scope ( 8 intellect1 & 
! maje/y ( 8  rule1 are se5 9 ! tranquil
 ord] & ev]la/+ sil5ce t  reign ?r\gh ! 
fields ( 8 volition4 ,& ! _s t animates 
! :ole is l t ( ! ,prophet ( ,naz>e?2 ! 
?\ghts t  fly ^u ! swift light ?r\gh\t  
creation1 *>g$ ) fates  unnumb]$1 are l 
! heal+ m]cies ( ,"o t pass$ no sorr[   
by4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ?is _w1 its my/]i\s   
allotm5ts ( good  & ill1 its successions
 ( bir? & dea?1 its hopes ( progress &  
( peace1 ea* life ( individual or       
nation1 is "u !  adm9i/ration ( ,"o1 (  
^: rectitude & b5evol5ce1 ^:  sympa?y ) 

all ! holie/ aspirations ( our virtue & 
our love1  ,*ri/ is ! appo9t$ emblem4 ,a
 fai? t spreads ar\nd & )9  ! m9d a     
,deity ?us sublime & holy1 fe$s ! light 
( e pure  affection1 & presses )        
omnipot5t p[] on ! consci5ce2 &  our    
only pray] is1 t we may walk z *ildr5 ( 
su* light4    ,x seems z if no "o       
capable ( und]/&+ c\ld resi/ !  conv9c+ 
cog5cy ( ! foll[+ exhibition (      ,,! 
,,idea ,,( ,,vic>i\s ,,ju/ice4    ,x is 
only natural t ! p>able ( ! ,prodigal   
,son %\ld be no  favorite ) ^? :o d5y ! 
unconditional m]cy ( ,god4 ,! place  :i*
 ?is div9e tale occupies 9 ! ,unit>ian  
!ology appe>s to  be fill$1 9 ! or?odox 
s*eme1 by ! /ory ( ,zaleucus1 k+ (  !   
,locrians2 :i* has be5 appeal$ to 9 !   
pres5t controv]sy by  bo? ! lectur]s on 
! ,atonem5t1 & seems to be ! only       
endurable illu/ration pres5t$1 ev5 by   
,pagan hi/ory1 ( !  execution ( vic>i\s 
puni%m5t4 ,?is mon>* _h pass$ a law     
condemn+ adult]]s to ! loss ( bo? eyes4 
,8 own son 0  convict$ ( ! crime2 &1 to 

satisfy at once ! claims ( law &  (     
clem5cy1 ! royal p>5t comm&$ "o ( 8 own 
eyes to be  pull$ out1 & "o ( 8 son's4  
,is x too bold a h]esy to confess  t !re
 seems to me some?+ hea!ni% 9 ?is       
example1 & t1  z an expon5t ( ! ,div9e  
"*1 ,i m will+ly rev]e !  ,fa!r ( !     
prodigal ?an ! fa!r ( ! adult]]8    ,)\t
 ent]+1 h[ev]1 into any comp>ison betwe5
 ! ,locrian &  ! ,galilean p>able1 ,i   
w\ld obs]ve1 t ! vic>i\s !ory  receives 
no illu/ration f ?is fragm5t ( anci5t   
hi/ory4 ,!re  is no analogy betwe5 !    
cases1 except 9 ! violation ( tru? &    
wisdom :i* bo? exhibit2 & :atev] we are 
in/ruct$ to admire 9  ,zaleucus1 w be   
f\nd on close inspection to be abs5t f !
  or?odox repres5tation ( ,god4 ,we pity
 ! ,grecian k+1 :o _h made  a law )\t   
=esight ( its application1 & s sympa?ize
 ) 8  desire to evade x1 t any quibble  
:i* legal +5uity c devise  = ?is purpose
 passes ) slight condemnation2 casui/ry 
refuses to  be sev]e ) a man implicat$ 9
 su* a difficulty4 ,b ! ,creator  &     

,legislator ( ! human race1 hav+ p]fect 
k ( !  future1 c nev] be surpris$ into a
 simil> p]plexity2 or ev] pass  a law at
 "o "t :i* at ano!r he desires to evade4
 ,ev5 7 x  s1 !re w\ld seem to be less t
 is unwor?y ( 8 moral  p]fection 9 say+ 
pla9ly1 ) ! anci5t ,hebrews1 t he       
rep5t$ ( ! evil he ?\ght to d1 & said1  
,x %all n be1  ?an 9 ascrib+ to him a   
device = pres]v+ consi/5cy1 9 :i*  no "o
 capable ( appreciat+ v]acity c pret5d  
to disc]n any  s9c]e fulfilm5t ( ! law4 
,h[ev] b>b>\s ! idea ( ,div9e           
rep5tance1 x is at lea/ +5u\s4 ,nor does
 ?is incid5t (  ,zaleucus & 8 son pres5t
 any p>allel to ! alleg$ relation       
betwe5 ! ,div9e ,fa!r :o receives1 & !  
,div9e ,son :o gives1  ! satisfaction = 
human guilt4 ,! ,locrian k+ took a "p ( 
!  p5alty himself1 & left ! rema9d] :]e 
x 0 due2 b !  ,sov]eign ,lawgiv] (      
,calv9ism puts ! :ole ^u ano!r4 ,to     
su/a9 ! analogy1 ,zaleucus %\ld h       
p]mitt$ an innoc5t son to  h bo? 8 eyes 
put out1 & ! convict$ adult]] to escape4

    ,! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t has introduc$
 among ,tr9it>ians a mode (  speak+     
respect+ ,god1 :i* grates mo/ pa9fully  
aga9/ !  rev]5tial affections due to    
him4 ,8 nature is dismemb]$ into a      
numb] ( attributes1 =eign to ea* o!r1 & 
pref]r+ rival  claims2 ! ,div9e         
tranquillity appe>s z ! equilibrium (   
oppos+  pressures1--! ,div9e            
adm9i/ration z a resultant f !          
collision ( ho/ile =ces4 ,goodness      
pleads = t :i* hol9ess  =bids2 & !      
,pat]nal ,god w\ld d _m a m]cy1 did !   
,sov]eign  ,god all[4 ,! idea ( a       
conflict or emb>rassm5t 9 ! ,supreme    
,m9d  be+ ?us introduc$1 & ! believ] be+
 haunt$ by ! feel+  ( "s trem5d\s       
difficulty affect+ ! ,inf9ite gov]nm5t1 
!  vic>i\s economy is br\ght =w>d z !   
relief1 ! solution (  ! :ole p]plexity2 
! union1 by a bless$ compromise1 (      
attributes t c\ld nev] comb9e 9 any     
s*eme be=e4 ,! ma9  bus9ess ( !ology is 
made to consi/ 9 /at+ ! conditions &    
exp\nd+ ! solution ( ?is imag9>y        

problem4 ,! c>d9al  difficulty is ?\ght 
to be ! reconciliation ( ju/ice & m]cy2 
&1 z ! "o is repres5t$ "u ! image ( a   
,sov]eign1 !  o!r "u t ( a ,fa!r1 ! "q  
assumes ?is =m3 ,h[ c  ! same be+ at e  
mom5t possess bo? ^! *>act]s1 )\t       
ab&on+ any function or feel+ appropriate
 to ei!r8 h[1  especially1 c ! ,judge   
remit8--x is beyond 8 p[]2 yet h[ c  !  
,p>5t puni% to ! utt]mo/8--x is contr>y 
to 8 nature4    ,all ?is difficulty is  
m]ely fictiti\s1 aris+ out ( !          
det]m9ation to make out t ,god is bo?   
:olly ,judge & :olly  ,fa!r2 f an       
anxiety1 t is1 to adh]e to two          
metaphors1 z  applicable1 9 e p>ticul>1 
to ! ,div9e ,be+4 ,x is evid5t t  bo?   
mu/ be1 to a great ext5t1 inappropriate2
 & 9 no?+1 surely1  is ! impropriety m  
manife/1 ?an 9 ! ass]tion t1 z          
sov]eign1 ,god is naturally b\nd to     
execute laws :i*1 nev]!less1  x w\ld be 
desirable to remit1 or *ange 9 _!       
op]ation4 ,:atev]  pa9ful necessities ! 
imp]fection ( human legislation &       

judicial  proc$ure may impose1 !        
,omnisci5t ,rul] c make no law :i* he w 
n to all et]nity1 & ) entire cons5t ( 8 
:ole nature1 deem  x well to execute4   
,?is is ! ,unit>ian answ] to ! con/ant  
"q1 ,h[ c ,god =give 9 defiance ( 8 own 
law8 ,x is n 9  defiance ( 8 laws3 e "o 
( :i* w be fulfill$ to !  utt]mo/1 9    
con=mity ) 8 fir/ int5t2 b n[h]e has he 
decl>$ t he w\ld n =give4 ,all ju/ice   
consi/s 9 treat+  moral ag5ts accord+ to
 _! "*2 ! inexorability ( human  law    
arises solely f ! imp]fection ) :i* x c 
atta9 ?is  end1 & is n ! ess5ce1 b !    
alloy1 ( equity2 b ,god1 :o  se>*es &   
controls ! he>t1 ex]cises t p]fect      
ju/ice1 :i*  p]mits ! p5al suff]+ to    
dep>t only ) ! moral guilt2 &  p>dons1 n
 by cancell+ any s5t5ce1 b by obey+ 8   
et]nal  purpose to meet ! w&]] return+  
homew>d1 & give 8 bless+  to ! re/or$4  
,only by su* re/oration c any pa/ guilt 
be effac$4  ,! ?\ghts1 emotions1 &      
suff]+s ( s91 once committ$1 are wov5   
into ! fabric ( ! s\l2 & are z incapable

 ( be+ absolutely  oblit]at$ !nce & put 
back into non-exi/5ce1 z mom5ts ( be+   
/ruck f ! pa/1 or ! p>ts ( space f      
inf9itude4 ,h]e9 we  behold alike !     
goodness & ! sev]ity ( ,god2 & adore 9  
him1  n ! balance ( contr>y t5d5cies1 b 
! h>mony ( cons5tane\s  p]fections4 ,h[ 
pla9ly does exp]i5ce %[ t1 if 8 p]sonal 
unity be giv5 up1 8 moral unity _c be   
pres]v$6    ,! au?or himself is ! be/   
exemplification ( ! man describ$ 9  ?is 
acc\nt ( !      ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5     
,,appreh5sion ,,& ,,int]pretation4    ,!
 diff]5ce betwe5 ! ord9>y visual gaze ^u
 ! ext]nal  univ]se1 & ! int]pret+      
glance ( sci5ce1 is felt by e  cultivat$
 und]/&+ to be immeasurable2--& !       
contra/ is n  less betwe5 t dull s5se ( 
:at passes )9 him1 :i* is =c$  ^u a man 
by m]e practical exp]i5ce1 & ! exact    
consci\sness1  ! discrim9ative          
p]ception1 ! easy compreh5sion ( 8 own  
7&1  s f> z !y are express$ by fai?ful  
symbols1 ( o!rs'7 /ates &  affections1  
possess$ by ! pati5t analy/ ( ?\ght &   

emotion1 &  c>eful collector ( _! laws4 
,! mighty mass ( human a*ievem5t  &     
human failure1 9 intellectual rese>*1 9 
moral endeavor1 9  social economy &     
gov]nm5t1 lapses into ord] be=e him1 &  
di/ributes itself among ! prov9ces (    
det]m9ate laws4 ,!  /ructure ( a *ild's 
p]plexity1 & ! fallacies ( ! mo/        
ambiti\s hypo!sis1 lie op5 to him z     
readily1 z to ! artisan a  flaw 9 !     
fabric ( 8 own craft4 ,! creations ( art
 fall be=e  him into _! elem5ts2 &1     
dissolv+ away _! con/itu5t  matt]1 :i*  
is an accid5t ( _! age1 leave ^u 8 m9d  
_!  p]man5t =m ( beauty1 z 8 guide to a 
true & noble criticism4  ,! progress & !
 ab]rations ( human reason1 9 its que/ (
 tru?1  are z cle>ly appreciat$ by him1 
z ! passages ( happy skill or  ignorant 
rov+ 9 "s voyage ( discov]y1 :5 !       
outl9es &  relations ( ! sph]e on :i* x 
is made become fully kn[n4  ,disc]n+    
di/9ctly ! diff]5t k9ds ( evid5ce       
appropriate to  diff]5t dep>tm5ts (     
tru?1 & weigh+ ! sci5tific value (  e   

idea & me?od ( ?\ght1 he is n at ! m]cy 
( ea*  sup]ficial impression & obtrusive
 phase pres5t$ to him by !  subjects ( 8
 contemplation2 b he atta9s a c]ta9     
rational tact  & graduat$ feel+ (       
c]ta9ty 9 ab/ract matt]s ( op9ion1 by   
:i* he escapes alike ! mis]ies ( undef9$
 d\bt1 & ! passions  ( unqualifi$       
dogmatism4 ,9 %ort1 ! great idea (      
,sci5ce is appli$  by him to !          
complicat$ work+s ( ! m9d ( man2        
int]prets !  activities ( 8 nature1 &   
gives laws to ! adm9i/ration ( 8  life2 
&1 ) wond]ful analysis1 inve/igates !   
prop]ties1 &  e/abli%es ! equation1 ( _!
 mo/ labyr9?9e curves4    ,:at a rebuke 
^u dogmatic scioli/s1 :at a glori\s     
invitation to  /udy1 are convey$ 9 !    
g5ial1 broad1 m5tal hospitality ( !     
succe$+ p>agraph6      ,,necessity ,,(  
,,le>n+ ,,9 ,,philosophy4    ,if !re is 
"o dep>tm5t ( k m ?an ano!r 9 :i* a     
contemptu\s disreg>d ( ! m$itations &   
!ories ( di/ant  p]iods & nations is    
misplac$1 x is 9 ! philosophy (         

man1--:i* c h no adequate bread? ( basis
 till x reposes on  ! consci\sness &    
cov]s ! m5tal exp]i5ce ( ! univ]sal     
race2 & to con/ruct :i* out ( purely    
p]sonal mat]ials1 is l  attempt+ to lay 
d[n ! curves & f9i% ! !ory ( t]re/rial  
magnetism on ! /r5g? ( a few closet     
exp]im5ts4 ,no man1 h[ev]  l>ge-?\ght$ &
 composite 8 m9d1 c accept ( himself z !
  type ( univ]sal human nature4 ,x w ev5
 be a great & r>e  end[m5t1 if1 ) e aid 
( exact le>n+ & unwe>y+  pati5ce1 he is 
able to p5etrate ! atmosph]e ( o!rs'    
und]/&+1 & to obs]ve ! =ms & colors :i* 
! objects  ( contemplation assume1 :5   
beheld ?r\gh ?is peculi> m$ium4  ,simply
 to avail "o's self ( ! exp]i5ce (      
mank9d1 & "k :at  x has really be51     
dem&s no little scope ( imag9ation &    
v]satility ( intellectual sympa?y4 ,:5  
^! qualities are s  defici5t 9 a ?9k] t 
he _c well a*ieve ?is k1 x  is a great  
mis=tune to 8 philosophy2 :5 ! want is  
su* t he  does n ev5 desire x1 x am\nts 
to an absolute disqualification4  ,)\t1 

!re=e1 pl$g+ ourselves to ! eclectic    
pr9ciples  :i* prevail 9 ! pres5t s*ool 
( philosophy 9 ,france1 we mu/  bew>e ( 
! intol]ant dogmatism ( ,b5?am 9 ,engl&1
 sanction$1  z we h se51 by "o ( ! ma/]s
 ( ! antagoni/ metaphysics  9 ,g]many4  
,inde$1 x w be a *ief purpose ( all my  
lectures to  enable y to pr(it by !     
light ( o!r m9ds2 9 e prov9ce (  ! va/  
region :i* we %all explore toge!r1 to   
indicate ! pa?s  :i* !y h trav]s$ be=e1 
nor ev] to turn away f _!  po9ts (      
discov]y1 )\t rais+ "s rude monum5t at  
lea/ (  hone/ & commemorative praise4   
,to introduce y to ! works1 to  int]pret
 ! difficulties1 to d honor to ! labors1
 to review !  op9ions1 ( ! great ma/]s (
 speculative ?\ght 9 e age &  9 _m l&s1 
w be an indisp5sable portion ( my       
duty2--a task  mo/ ardu\s inde$1 b ?an  
:i* none c be m grateful to "o  :o loves
 to trace1 ?r\gh all _! aff9ities1 !    
inde/ructible  types ( tru? & beauty 9 !
 human m9d2 & to m>k ! natural  laws1   
connect+ toge!r ! mo/ opposite cont95ts 

& climes (  ?\ght1 z p>ts1 successively 
coloniz$ & cultivat$1 ( "o great        
intellectual _w4 ,b 9 addition to ! /udy
 ( ! sev]al  classes ( psy*ological &   
moral doctr9e z !y pres5t !mselves  9 ! 
ord] ( sci5ce1 x w be important to      
spread out !  lit]ature ( philosophy    
be=e u 9 ! ord] ( "t2 to ga9 an  insight
 into ! natural developm5t ( successive 
modes ( ?\ght on  speculative subjects2 
to notice ! action & reaction (         
philosophy  & practical life2 to asc]ta9
 :e!r op9ion on ^! ab/ract  matt]s      
really advances into k & has any        
det]m9ate  progression1 or :e!r x       
oscillates = ev] on ei!r side ( "s  fix$
 idea1 or l9e ( m5tal gravitation4 ,9   
%ort1 hav+ survey$  our subject         
sy/ematically1 we %all g ov] x aga9     
*ronologically2  & call ^u philosophy1  
:5 x has recit$ its cre$1 & reveal$  its
 wisdom1 to f9i% all by writ+ its       
hi/ory4    ,! h9ts giv5 9 ,mr4          
,m>t9eau's frequ5t ref]5ces to ! be>+  (
 sci5tific k & laws ^u !ological        

speculations are  v important4 ,we      
adduce a s+le example4      ,,physical  
,,sci5ce ,,& ,,religion4    ,an         
accompli%$ & ?\ghtful obs]v] (          
nature--,hugh ,mill]1 !  geologi/--has  
some:]e rem>k$1 t religion has lo/ its  
dep5d5ce on metaphysical !ories1 & mu/  
h5ce=? ma9ta9  itself ^u ! doma9 (      
physical sci5ce4 ,he accord+ly exhorts !
  gu>dians ( sacr$ tru? to prep>e       
!mselves = ! approa*+  crisis 9 its     
hi/ory1 by ex*ang+ ! /udy ( ?\ghts = !  
appreh5sion ( ?+s1 & c>efully cultivat+ 
! habit (  inductive rese>*4 ,! advice  
is excell5t1 & proce$s f "o  ^: own     
example has amply prov$ its wor?2 &     
unless ! cl]gy  qualify !mselves to take
 "p 9 ! discussions :i* op5  !mselves ) 
! advance ( natural k1 !y w assur$ly  be
 nei!r secure 9 _! p]sonal convictions  
nor fai?ful to _!  public tru/4 ,! only 
fault to be f\nd ) ?is c\nsel is1 t 9   
recomm5d+ "o k9d ( k x disp>ages ano!r1 
& betrays  t limit$ intellectual sympa?y
 :i* is ! bane ( all noble  culture4    

,geology1 a/ronomy1 *emi/ry1 s f> f     
succe$+ to !  inh]itance ( metaphysics1 
d b enri* its problems ) new            
conceptions & give a l>g] outl9e to its 
range2 & %\ld !y1  9 ! wantonness ( _!  
"y asc5d5cy1 p]suade m5 to its  neglect1
 !y w pay ! p5alties ( _! contempt by ! 
appe>ance ( confusion 9 _! own doctr9e4 
,! advance ( any "o  l9e ( human ?\ght  
dem&s--especially = ! security (        
fai?--! p>allel movem5t ( all ! re/2 & !
 attempt to  sub/itute "o intellectual  
reliance = ano!r1 mi/akes =  progress ( 
k :at may be only an ex*ange (          
ignorance4 ,9  p>ticul>1 ! /udy (       
ext]nal nature mu/ proce$ p>i passu  ) !
 /udy ( ! human m9d2 & ! errors ( an age
 too  exclusively reflective w n be     
rem$i$1 b only rev]s$1 by  m]e reaction 
into sci5ces ( outw>d fact & obs]vation4
 ,^!  physical pursuits1 foll[$ into _! 
fur!r haunts1 rapidly run up  into a    
s]ies ( notions common to !m            
all1--express$ by su* words  z ,law1    
,cause1 ,=ce1--:i* at once transf] !    

jurisdiction  f ! prov9cial c\rts ( !   
special sci5ces to ! high  *anc]y (     
univ]sal philosophy4 ,to conduct !      
plead+s--/ill m  to pron\nce !          
judgm5t--!re1 o!r habits ( m9d are ne$$ 
?an  are requir$ 9 ! museum & !         
obs]vatory2 & ! hi/ory (  k1 pa/ &      
pres5t1 ab\nds ) in/ances ( m5 :o1 )  ! 
highe/ m]it 9 p>ticul> walks ( sci5ce1 h
 comb9$ a  curi\s incompet5cy ( survey  
ov] ! :ole4 ,h5ce1 v few natural        
philosoph]s1 h[ev] em95t = great        
discov]ies & dread$ by !  prie/hood ( _!
 day1 h made any deep & durable         
impression on  ! religi\s conception ( !
 univ]se1 z ! product &  expression ( an
 ,inf9ite ,m9d2 & 9 trac+ ! eras ( human
  fai?1 ! deep ?9k] comes m prom95tly   
into view ?an !  skilful int]rogator (  
nature4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( religion1 ,plato  
is a  great] figure ?an ,ar*im$es2      
,sp9oza ?an ,newton2 ,hume & ,kant  ?an 
,volta & ,la ,place2 ev5 ,?omas ,c>lyle 
?an ,ju/us ,liebig4 ,our  picture inde$ 
( ! sy/em ( ?+s is imm5sely enl>g$1 bo? 

9  space & duration1 by ! progress (    
descriptive sci5ce2 & !  gr\p+ ( its    
objects & ev5ts is mat]ially *ang$4 ,b !
  alt]$ sc5e c>ries ) x ! same          
expression to ! s\l2 speaks  ! same     
language z to its orig92 r5ews its      
anci5t glance ) an  augu/] beauty2 &1 9 
spite ( all dynamic !ories1 reproduces !
  v modes ( fai? & d\bt :i* belong$ to !
 age bo? ( !  old ,organon & ( ! new4   
,! ultimate problem ( all philosophy &  
all religion is ?is3 ,h[  are we to     
conceive aright ! orig9 & fir/ pr9ciple 
( ?+s8  ,! answ]s1 x has be5 cont5d$ by 
a liv+ au?or ( di/+ui%$  m]it1 are      
necess>ily r$ucible to two1 betwe5 :i*  
all sy/ems are  divid$1 & on ! decision 
( ^: controv]sy1 all antagoni/          
speculations w\ld lay d[n _! arms4 ,9 ! 
beg9n+ 0 ,,=ce1  says "o class ( ?9k]s2 
=ce1 s+ul> or plural1 splitt+ into      
opposites1 /&+ (f into pol>ities1       
ramify+ into attractions  & repulsions1 
heat & magnetism1 & climb+ ?r\gh ! /ages
 (  physical1 vital1 animal1 to ! m5tal 

life itself4 ,on !  contr>y1 says ! o!r 
class1 9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,,?\ght2 &  only 9 !
 necess>y evolution ( its et]nal ideas  
into expression  does =ce               
arise1--self-realiz+ ?\ght decl>+ itself
 9 !  types ( be+ & ! laws ( ph5om5a4   
,we ne$ h>dly say1 t  ! =m] ( ^! two    
notions coalesces ) ! cre$ ( ,a!ism1  & 
is mo/ frequ5tly met ) ^u ! pa? ( !     
physical  sci5ces1 :ile ! latt] is      
favor$ by ! ma!matical &  metaphysical1 
& gives ! ess5ce ( ,pan!ism4 ,ea* ( !m  
has  insurm\ntable difficulties1 ) :i* x
 is successfully taunt$ by  ! o!r4 ,/>t 
f bl9d =ce2 & h[1 by any sp9n+ f t      
solit>y c5tre1 are we ev] to arrive at !
 see+ intellect8 ,c  ! l[] create !     
high]1 & ! unconsci\s enable u to ?9k8  
,/>t f pure ?9k+1 & h[ !n c y get any   
=ce = !  production ( objective effects8
 ,h[ metamorphose a passage ( dialect   
into ! p[] ( gravitation1 & a sil5t     
coroll>y into a fla% (  lightn+8 ,9 tak+
 ! intellect z ! type ( ,god1 ?is       
difficulty  mu/ always be felt4 ,we are 

well aw>e t x is n 9 ?is  end[m5t t our 
dynamic en]gy resides4 ,! activity :i*  
we  ascribe to our intellect is n a p[] 
go+ out into ext]nal  effici5cy1 b a m]e
 passage across ! int]nal field (       
successive  ?\ghts z spontane\s ph5om5a4
 ,nor h we1 z ?9k+ be+s  only1 any      
option ) respect to ! ?\ghts ?us /ream+ 
ov]  ! !atre ( rational consci\sness2   
our con/itution legislates =  u 9 ?is   
p>ticul>1 & ! ord] ( sugge/ion is       
det]m9$ by  laws hav+ _! seat 9 u4      
,f9ally1 we are n1 by m]e ?9k+          
capacity1 con/itut$ p]sons1 any m ?an a 
sleep] :o %\ld  nev] wake1 yet always be
 engag$ ) rational & sci5tific dreams1  
w\ld be a p]son4 ,)\t "s fur!r end[m5t1 
we %\ld only be a  logical life &       
developm5t4 ,all ^! *>act]s are import$ 
into  ! conception ( ,god1 :5 he is     
repres5t$ z con=m+ to !  type ( reason4 
,! activity ( intellect be+ :olly       
int]nal1 !  ph5om5a ( ! ,univ]se c\ld n 
be ref]r$ to ,him z a ?9k+  be+1 7 !y n 
ga!r$ up into ! int]ior ( 8 nature1 &   

conceiv$1 n z objective effects ( 8 p[]1
 b z purely  subjective successions )9 !
 !atre ( 8 inf9itude4 ,intellect  aga9  
hav+ no option1 ! ,god ( ?is !ory is )\t
 fre$om1 &  is repres5t$ z ! et]nal     
necessity ( reason4 ,& la/ly1 9         
fidelity to ! same analogy1 ,he is n a  
div9e ,p]son1 b r  a ,?9k+ ,?+1 or !    
?9k+ function ( ! univ]se2 we may  say1 
univ]sal sci5ce 9 a /ate (              
self-consci\sness4 ,!  necessity "u :i* 
,pan!ism lies1 ( fet*+ all t is to be   
ref]r$ to ,god into ! int]ior ( 8 be+1 &
 deal+ ) x  z n less a necess>y         
manife/ation ( 8 m5tal ess5ce ?an are   
our ideas ( ! m9d t has !m1 expla9s !   
unwill+ness (  ?is sy/em to all[ any    
motives to ,god1 any field ( objective  
op]ation1 any special relation to       
individuals1 any reveal+  int]position1 
any sup]natural ag5cy4    ,is x h[ev]   
true1 t human belief c only *oose betwe5
 ^!  two extremes1 & mu/ oscillate      
et]nally betwe5 ! ,a!i/ic  homage to    
,=ce1 & ! ,pan!i/ic to ,?\ght8 ,f> f x2 

& x  is curi\sly indicative ( ! /ate ( !
 philosophic atmosph]e 9  ,g]many1 t "o 
( h] mo/ disc]n+ & wide-see+ au?ors     
%\ld f9d no ?ird possibility )9 ! sph]e 
( vision4 ,9 any  latitude except "o 9  
:i* moral sci5ce has altoge!r melt$ away
  9 ! univ]sal solv5t ( metaphysics1 x  
w\ld occur z "o ( !  mo/ obvi\s         
sugge/ions1 t ! intellect is n ! only   
elem5t  ( human nature :i* may be tak5 z
 type ( ! ,div9e1 & z  furni%+ a        
possible solution to ! problem (        
orig9ation4 ,quitt+  ! two poles (      
extreme philosophy1 confess$ly          
incompet5t 9 _!  sep>ation1 we submit t 
,,w pres5ts ! middle po9t :i* takes  up 
into itself ,?\ght on ! "o h& & ,=ce on 
! o!r2 &  :i* yet1 s f> f appe>+ to u z 
a comp\nd aris+ out (  !m z an effect1  
is m easily conceiv$ ?an ei!r z !       
orig9at+ prefix ( all ph5om5a4 ,x has   
none ( !  disqualifications :i* we h    
rem>k$ z fl[+ f ! o!rs  into _!         
respective sy/ems ( doctr9e4 ,x c>ries )
 x1 9 its  v idea1 ! co-pres5ce (       

,?\ght1 z ! necess>y elem5t )9  ^: sph]e
 x has to manife/ itself4 ,its ph5om5a  
_c exi/  alone2 x acts on               
preconceptions1 :i* /& relat$ to x1     
h[ev]1 n z its s\rce1 b z its           
conditions1 & are its  co-ord9ates 9 !  
effect r ?an its g5]at+ antec$5ts4 ,if  
!re=e all ?+s are issu$ by ,w1 !re is   
,m9d at !  f\nta9-head1 & ! absurdity is
 avoid$ ( d]iv+ intellig5ce  f          
un9tellig5ce4 ,:ile x ?us escapes !     
difficulty ( pass+  f m]e ,=ce to       
,?\ght1 x is equally cle> ( ! opposite  
difficulty ( mak+ m]e ,?\ght supply any 
,=ce4 ,! activity (  ,w is n1 l t (     
,intellect1 a subjective transit (      
regim5t$ ideas1 b an objective p[] go+  
out = !  production ( effects2 nay1 x is
 a free p[]1 ex]cis+  pref]5ce among    
data furni%$ by int]nal or ext]nal      
conditions  pres5t 9 its field2 & x ?us 
con/itutes prop] ,causality1  :i* always
 implies control ov] an alt]native4 ,we 
ne$ h>dly add1  t all ! requisites are  
?us complete = ! true idea ( a  ,p]son2 

& an ,inf9ite ,be+ contemplat$ "u ?is   
type is  nei!r a fateful nor a logical  
pr9ciple ( necessity1 b a liv+  ,god1   
out ( ^: purpos$ legislation has sprung 
:atev] necessity  !re is1 except !      
self-exi/5t beauty ( 8 hol9ess4 ,?us1   
betwe5 ! ,=ce ( ! physical ,a!i/1 & !   
,?\ght ( !  metaphysical ,pan!i/1 we fix
 ^u ! fulcrum ( ,w z ! true             
balance-po9t ( a moral ,!ism4    ,x w\ld
 be impossible1 p]haps1 to f9d any:]e a 
f9] in/ance (  p]spicuity 9 cond5sation1
 ?an is giv5 9 ! foll[+ ref]5ce to      
,,less+',s ,,!ological ,,conclusions4   
,less+ refus$ to surr5d] ,*ri/ianity1 on
 pro( ( error 9 its  fir/ tea*]s1       
unc]ta9ty 9 its report$ miracles1       
contradictions  9 its e>ly lit]ature1   
misapplication ( ,messianic prophecies4 
,all  ^! he reg>ds z b ! ext]nal        
accid5ts1 ! transitory m$ia1  ( !       
religion1 con/itut+1 x may be1 its      
support 9 "o age &  its weakness 9      
ano!r4 ,!y d n belong to its inn]       
ess5ce1 9  :i* alone ! real evid5ce (   

spiritual tru? is f\nd2 & he :o  detects
 any?+ amiss ) !m may ev5 r5d] a s]vice 
by driv+  m5 f %am-pro(s1 t really      
p]suade no "o1 to true ones t  lie at ! 
he>t ( ?+s4 ,religi\s doctr9e _c be     
d$uc$ f  m]e hi/orical facts )\t a      
vitiat+ !  :ole process4 ,facts inde$   
may become ! prop] gr\nd ( moral  &     
spiritual fai?2 b !n !y mu/ be facts :i*
 come ov] aga9  & aga91 & betray an     
elem5t t is p]man5t & et]nal2 :i*  =m "p
 ( ! exp]i5ce & consci\sness ( humanity2
 & ally  !mselves ) ! ,div9e by n los+  
_! pres5ce 9 !  _w4 ,b unrepeat$ facts1 
:i* limit !mselves to a mom5t1  :i* are 
! incid5ts ( a s+le p]sonality1 & are   
left beh9d  q insulat$ 9 ! pa/1 %[--7 x 
only by y\r n expect+  !m aga9--t !y are
 deta*$ f ! p]si/5t & ess5tial  life ( !
 univ]se & humanity4 ,!y are b once &   
away2 &  lea/ ( all1 !re=e1 c te/ify ( !
 untransitory &  ev]-liv+4 ,! real c    
tea* u only s f> z x has an ideal       
k]nel1 r$eem+ x f ! "* ( a solit>y      
ph5om5on4  ,among ! v>i\s expositions & 

applications ( ?is favorite !me  (      
,less+'s1 we select ! foll[+ s5t5ces f 8
 ,axiomata4    #a4 ,! ,bible evid5tly   
conta9s m ?an belongs to ,religion4     
#b4 ,t 9 ?is 'm' ! ,bible is /ill       
infallible1 is m]e  hypo!sis4    #c4 ,! 
lett] is n ! _s1 & ! ,bible is n !      
,religion4    #d4 ,! objections !re=e   
aga9/ ! lett] & aga9/ ! ,bible1  are n  
on t acc\nt objections aga9/ ! _s &     
aga9/ !  ,religion4    #e4 ,moreov] !re 
0 a religion ere !re 0 a ,bible4    #f4 
,*ri/ianity 0 9 be+ be=e ,evangeli/s &  
,apo/les _h  writt54 ,"s "t elaps$ be=e 
! fir/ ( !m wrote1 & a v  consid]able "t
 be=e ! :ole canon 0 con/itut$4    #g4  
,h[ev] mu*1 !re=e1 may dep5d on ^!      
writ+s1 x is  impossible t ! :ole tru? (
 ! ,*ri/ian religion c re/  ^u !m4      
#h4 ,if !re 0 a p]iod dur+ :i*1 diffus$ 
z ! ,*ri/ian  religion already 01 & _m z
 7 ! s\ls fill$ already )  its p[]1 /ill
 n a lett] _h yet be5 writt5 ( ! records
  :i* h come d[n to u2 !n x mu/ be also 
possible = all !  writ+s ( ,evangeli/s &

 ,apo/les to p]i%1 yet ! religion       
taught by !m /ill to subsi/4    #i4 ,!  
religion is n true because ,evangeli/s &
 ,apo/les taught  x2 b !y taught x      
because x is true4    #aj4 ,its int]ior 
tru? mu/ furni% ! int]pretation ( !     
writ+s x has h&$ d[n2 & no writ+s h&$   
d[n c give x  int]ior tru?1 if x has    
none4    ,9 8 controv]sy ) ,gze1 he     
illu/rates ?is di/9ction betwe5  !      
ess5ce & ! hi/orical =m ( ,*ri/ianity1  
by a p>able to  ! foll[+ effect4 ,a wise
 k+ ( a great realm built a palace (    
imm5se size & v peculi> ar*itecture4    
,ab\t ?is /ructure1  !re came f ! v fir/
 a fooli% /rife to be c>ri$ on1         
especially among reput$ connoisseurs1 p1
 t is1 :o _h lea/  look$ into ! int]ior4
 ,?is /rife 0 n ab\t ! palace itself1  b
 ab\t v>i\s old gr\nd-plans ( x1 &      
draw+s ( ! same1  v difficult to make   
out4 ,once1 :5 ! wat*m5 cri$ out ,fire1 
^! connoisseurs1 in/ead ( runn+ to help1
 snat*$ up _!  plans1 &1 in/ead ( putt+ 
out ! fire on ! spot1 kept /&+  ) _!    

plans 9 h&1 mak+ a hubbub all ! :ile1 & 
squabbl+ ab\t :e!r ?is 0 ! spot on fire1
 & t ! place  to put x out4 ,happily1 ! 
safety ( ! palace did n dep5d on  ^!    
busy wrangl]s1 = x 0 n on fire at all2 !
 wat*m5 _h  be5 fright5$ by ! ,nor!rn   
lights1 & mi/ak5 !m = fire4 ,x  is      
impossible to convey by a cle>] image   
,less+'s feel+1 t a  ,*ri/ianity once   
incorporat$ 9 ! v sub/ance ( hi/ory &   
civilization1 seat$ deep 9 human s5tim5t
 & ?\ght1 &  develop$ into lit]ature1   
law1 & life1 subsi/s indep5d5tly (      
critical que/ions1 & is ) u1 n z !      
cont+5t vapor t a  w9d may rise to bl[  
away1 b z ! cl\d t has dropp$ its ra9  &
 m+l$ ) ! roots ( ?+s4    ,9 imm$iate   
contra/ ) ! =ego+ application ( a       
critical  me?od to ! hi/oric docum5ts ( 
,*ri/ianity1 x is beautiful to  see !   
same g5ius turn$ ) eag] joy to a        
practical  recomm5dation ( ! exp]im5tal 
life ( ,*ri/ianity4      ,,! ,,r$eem+   
,,law ,,( ,,sympa?y4    ,x is q true1 t 
self-cure is ( all ?+s ! mo/ ardu\s2  b 

t :i* is impossible to ! man )9 u1 may  
be altoge!r  possible to ! ,god4 ,9     
tru?1 ! d5ial ( su* *anges1 "u !        
affectation ( great k ( man1 %[s an     
incr$ible ignorance  ( m54 ,:y1 ! hi/ory
 ( e great religi\s revolution1 su* z  !
 spread ( ,me?odism1 is made up ( no?+  
else2 ! in/ances  occurr+ 9 su* numb] & 
v>iety1 z to trans=m ! "* (  :ole       
di/ricts & va/ populations1 & to put all
 scepticism at  utt] defiance4 ,& if "s 
m philosophic au?ority is ne$$ =  !     
fact1 we may be cont5t ) ! sanction (   
,"l ,bacon1 :o  obs]v$ t a man re=ms 8  
habits ei!r altoge!r or n at  all4      
,det]ioration ( m9d is inde$ always     
gradual2 recov]y usually  sudd52 = ,god1
 by a my/]y ( m]cy1 has e/abli%$ ?is    
di/9ction 9 our secret nature1--t1 :ile 
we _c1 by "o d>k  plunge1 sympa?ize )   
guilt f> b5ea? u1 b gaze at x )  recoil 
till int]m$iate %ades h r5d]$ !         
degradation  tol]able1 we are yet       
capable ( sympa?iz+ ) moral excell5ce  &
 beauty inf9itely above u2 s t1 :ile !  

debas$ may %udd]  & sick5 at ev5 ! true 
picture ( !mselves1 !y c feel !  sil5t  
maje/y ( self-d5y+ & dis9t]e/$ duty4 ,) 
a demon  c no man feel complac5cy1 ?\gh 
! demon be himself2 b ,god c  all       
spirits rev]5ce1 ?\gh 8 hol9ess be an   
inf9ite deep4 ,&  ?us ! s\l1 privately  
uneasy at its ins9c]e /ate1 is prep>$1  
:5 vividly pres5t$ ) "s sublime object  
veil$ be=e1 to be  pi]c$1 z by a fla% f 
heav51 ) an in/ant v5]ation1  sometimes 
int5se en\gh to fuse ! fett]s ( habit1 &
 drop !m  to ! e>? :5ce !y 7 =g$4 ,! m9d
 is ready1 l a liquid  on ! eve (       
cry/allization1 to yield up its /ate on 
! t\* (  ! fir/ %>p po9t1 & d>t1 ov] its
 surface & 9 its dep?s1  into brilliant 
& beautiful =ms1 & f be+ turbid & weak z
  wat]1 to become cle> z cry/al1 & solid
 z ! rock4    ,"o ( ! mo/ elaborate &   
valuable productions f ,mr4  ,m>t9eau's 
p51 an article closely alli$ 9 all      
respects to !  ensu+ ,/udies (          
,*ri/ianity1 is ! "o ( "s portions ( :i*
  we h]e) pres5t an epitome4      ,,!   

,,*ri/ian ,,view ,,( ,,moral ,,evil4    
,! ,div9e s5tim5ts t[>ds "r & wrong e   
man naturally  believes to be a         
reflection ( :atev] is mo/ pure & solemn
 9 8  own4 ,we _c be s9c]ely p]suad$1 t 
,god looks ) av]sion on  dispositions   
:i* we rev]e z good & noble2 or t he    
reg>ds )  lax indiff]5ce ! selfi% &     
crim9al passions :i* awak5 our own      
disgu/4 ,we may well suppose1 inde$1 8  
scrut9y m se>*+1 8  e/imate m sev]ely   
true1 8 rebuk+ look m awful1 ?an our    
self-exam9ation & remorse c fitly       
repres5t2 b we _c d\bt  t our moral     
emotions1 z f> z !y g1 are 9 sympa?y )  
82  t we "k1 by our own consci\sness1 ! 
g5]al direction ( 8  approval &         
displeasure2 & t1 9 proportion z our    
p]ceptions (  duty are r5d]$ cle>1 our  
judgm5t m ne>ly approa*es !  precision (
 ! ,omnisci5t aw>d4 ,our own consci5ce  
is ! w9d[ (  heav5 ?r\gh :i* we gaze on 
,god2 &1 z its colors p]petually  *ange1
 8 aspect *anges too2--if !y are bright 
& fair1 he dwells  z 9 ! w>m light ( a  

rejoic+ love2 if !y are d>k & turbid1   
he hides himself 9 robes ( cl\d & /orm4 
,:5 y h lo/ y\r  self-respect1 y h nev] 
?\ght y\rself an object ( ,div9e        
complac5cy4 ,9 mom5ts fre% f s91 flu%$ )
 ! %ame ( an  insult$ m9d1 :5 y h brok5 
ano!r resolve1 or turn$ y\r back  ^u a  
noble toil1 or succumb$ to a mean       
passion1 or laps$ into !  sickness (    
self-indulg5ce1 c\ld y ev] turn a cle> &
 op5 face  to ,god1 nor ?9k x t]rible to
 meet 8 eye8 ,c\ld y imag9e  y\rself 9  
cong5iality ) him1 :5 y gave y\rself up 
to !  voluble sophi/ry ( self-excuse1 & 
! loose hurry ( =getfulness8  ,or did y 
n disc]n him r 9 y\r own accus+ he>t1 & 
meet  him 9 ! sil5t angui% ( full       
confession1 & f9d 9 !  recognition ( y\r
 ali5ation ! fir/ hope ( return8 ,to all
  unp]v]t$ m9ds1 ! v]dict ( consci5ce   
s\nds ) a  pret]natural voice2 x is n ! 
homely talk ( _! own poor  judgm5t1 b an
 oracle ( ! sanctu>y4 ,!re is some?+ (  
anticipation 9 our remorse1 z well z (  
retrospect2 & we feel t  x is n ! m]e   

survey ( a gloomy pa/ ) ! sl[ lamp ( our
  und]/&+1 b a mom5t>y pi]c+ ( ! future 
) ! vivid  lightn+ ( ! skies4 ,our moral
 nature1 left to itself1 intuitively    
believes t guilt is an e/rangem5t f     
,god1--an unqualifi$  opposition to 8   
w1--a lit]al s]vice ( ! enemy2 t he     
abhors  x1 & w give x no re/ till x is  
driv5 f 8 pres5ce1 t  is1 into          
annihilation2 t no "p ( our m9d belongs 
to him b !  pure1 & j1 & dis9t]e/$      
affections :i* he fo/]s1 !  fai?ful w   
:i* he /r5g!ns1 ! virtue1 (t5 damp$1 ^: 
smok+ flax he w n qu5*1 & ! good        
resolves1 ev] frail1  ^: bruis$ re$ he w
 n break2 & t he has no relation b (    
displeasure1 no contact b ( resi/ance1 )
 our selfi%ness & s94  ,9 ! simple fai? 
( ! consci5ce x is no figure ( spee* to 
say1  t ,god is angry ) ! wick$ e day1 &
 is ( pur] eyes  ?an to behold iniquity4
 ,s long z ! natural religion ( ! he>t  
is undi/urb$1 to s9 is1 9 ! pla9e/ & mo/
 positive s5se1 to  set up aga9/ ,heav51
 & fru/rate its w4    ,soon1 h[ev]1 !   

und]/&+ di/urbs ! tranquillity ( ?is    
belief1 & con/ructs a rival cre$4 ,!    
primitive conception ( ,god  is acquir$1
 ,i believe1 )\t reason+1 & em]ges f !  
affections2 x is a transcript ( our own 
emotions1--an inve/iture (  !m ) ext]nal
 p]sonality & inf9ite magnitude4 ,b a   
second>y  idea ( ,deity arises 9 !      
intellect1 f its reason+s ab\t          
causation4 ,curiosity is felt respect+ !
 orig9 ( ?+s2 & !  ord]1 beauty1 &      
me*anism ( ext]nal nature are too       
conspicu\s  n to =ce ^u ! obs]vation !  
conviction ( a great ,ar*itect  ( !     
univ]se1 f ^: design+ reason its =ces & 
its laws  my/]i\sly sprung4 ,h5ce !     
intellectual conception ( ,god !        
,creator1 :i* comes into inevitable     
collision ) ! moral  notion ( ,god !    
holy wat* ( virtue4 ,= if ! sy/em (     
creation is ! production ( 8            
,omnisci5ce2 if he has con/itut$  human 
nature z x is1 & plac$ x 9 ! sc5e :]eon 
x acts2 if  ! arrangem5ts by :i*        
happ9ess is allott$1 & "* is  =m$1 are !

 contrivance ( 8 ?\ght & ! "w ( 8       
h&1--!n ! suff]+s & ! guilt ( e be+ 7   
objects  ( 8 orig9al contemplation1 & ! 
productions ( 8 own design4  ,! de$ (   
crime mu/1 9 ?is case1 be z mu* an      
integral "p (  8 ,provid5ce1 z ! ef=ts &
 sacrifices ( virtue2 & !  mon/]s (     
lic5ti\sness & tyranny1 ^: images de=m !
  sc5]y ( hi/ory1 are no less truly 8   
appo9t$ in/rum5ts1 ?an  ! m>tyr & !     
sage4 ,& ?\gh we rema9 conv9c$ t he does
  n make *oice ( evil 9 8 gov]nm5t = its
 own sake1 b only  = ultimate ends wor?y
 ( 8 p]fections1 /ill we c no long]  see
 h[ he c truly hate t :i* he employs = !
 production (  good4 ,t :i* is 8 *os5   
in/rum5t _c be s9c]ely reg>d$  z 8      
ev]la/+ enemy2 & only figuratively c he 
be said to  repudiate a p[] :i* he      
cont9ually wields4 ,!re mu/ be "s  s5se 
9 :i* x appe>s1 9 ! eye ( ,omnisci5ce1  
to be eligible2  "s po9t ( view at :i*  
its horrors vani%2 & :]e ! moral        
di/9ctions1 :i* we feel ourselves       
impell$ to v5]ate1 disappe>  f ! reg>ds 

( ,god4    ,"h1 !n1 is a fe>ful         
contradiction betwe5 ! religion (       
consci5ce & ! religion ( ! und]/&+2 ! "o
 pron\nc+  evil to be ! antagoni/1 ! o!r
 to be ! ag5t1 ( ! ,div9e  w4 ,9 e age  
has ?is difficulty laid a heavy weight  
^u !  human he>t2 9 e age has x po9t$ ! 
s>casm ( ! blasphem]1  m+l$ an          
occasional sadness ) ! hopes (          
b5evol5ce1 & t+$  ! devotion ( !        
?\ghtful ) a some:at melan*oly tru/4 ,! 
:ole hi/ory ( speculative religion is "o
 prolong$ ef=t ( !  human m9d to de/roy 
?is contr>iety2 sy/em aft] sy/em has be5
  born 9 ! /ruggle to ca/ ! oppression  
(f1--) :at result1 x  w be my object at 
pres5t to expla94 ,! "q :i* we h to     
consid] is ?is1 ,h[ %\ld a ,*ri/ian ?9k 
( ! orig9 &  exi/5ce ( evil8 ,i propose 
to adv]t1 fir/1 to ! speculative2       
secondly1 to ! scriptural2 ?irdly1 to ! 
moral relations ( !  subject2 to inquire
 :at relief we c obta9 f philosophical  
s*emes1 f biblical doctr9e1 & f         
practical ,*ri/ianity4           99     

99       99       99       99    ,let u 
!n1 = f9al decision1 consult ! practical
 _s (  ,*ri/ianity1 & asc]ta9 to :at    
view ( ! orig9 ( s9 x  aw>ds ! pref]5ce4
 ,is x well = ! consci5ces & *>act]s  ( 
m51 to consid] ,god--ei!r directly or   
?r\gh 8 dep5dant1  ,satan1 ei!r by 8    
g5]al laws or by vitiat+ ! con/itution (
  our fir/ p>5ts--z ! prim>y s\rce (    
moral evil8 or1 on !  contr>y1 to reg>d 
x z 9 no s5se :atev] will$ by ! ,supreme
  ,m9d1 & absolutely inimical to 8      
,provid5ce8 ,are we mo/ 9  h>mony ) !   
*>act]i/ic _s ( ! ,gospel :5 we call s9 
8 in/rum5t1 or :5 we call x 8 enemy8 ,= 
myself1 ,i c nev]  sit at ! feet (      
,jesus1 & yield up a rev]5tial he>t to 8
  great lessons1 )\t ca/+ myself on !   
p]suasion1 t ,god &  evil are ev]la/+   
foes2 t nev]1 & = no end1 did he create 
x2 t 8 w is utt]ly aga9/ x1 nor ev]     
t\*es x1 b )  annihilat+ =ce4 ,any o!r  
view appe>s to be injuri\s to !         
*>act]i/ic s5tim5ts1 & at v>iance ) !   
di/+ui%+  g5ius1 ( ,*ri/ian morality4   

7#a47 ,*ri/ianity is di/+ui%$ by !      
pr(\nd s5tim5t (  individual            
responsibility :i* p]vades x4 ,all !    
arbitr>y =ms1  & sac]dotal              
int]positions1 & h]$it>y rights1 ?r\gh  
:i*  o!r sy/ems seek ! ,div9e favor1 are
 dis[n$ by x4 ,x is a  religion em95tly 
p]sonal2 e/abli%+ ! mo/ intimate &      
solit>y deal+s betwe5 ,god & e human    
s\l4 ,x is a religion  em95tly natural2 
eradicat+ no indig5\s affection ( our   
m9d1  di/ort+ no primitive moral        
s5tim5t2 b simply consecrat+ !          
obligations prop] to our nature1 & tak+ 
up ) a div9e voice !  :isp]s1 sc>ce     
articulate be=e1 ( ! consci5ce )9 u4 ,9 
?is  deep h>mony ) our inmo/            
consci\sness ( duty resides ! true  p[] 
( our religion4 ,x subdues & gov]ns our 
he>ts1 z a wise  conqu]or rules ! empire
 he has won2 n by impos+ a sy/em (      
/range laws1 b by arm+ ) high] au?ority1
 & adm9i/]+  ) m resolute precision1 !  
laws already recogniz$ & rev]$4    ,to  
trifle 9 any way ) ?is pla9 & solemn    

pr9ciple1 to inv5t  =ms ( spee* t5d+ to 
conceal x1 to apply to moral good & ill 
language :i* assimilates !m to physical 
objects & ex*angeable  prop]ty1 implies 
frivol\s & irrev]5t ideas ( s9 &        
excell5ce4 ,! :ole weight ( ?is *>ge    
evid5tly falls on !  s*eme :i* speaks ( 
human guilt z an h]$it>y entail2 a s*eme
  :i* %ocks & conf\nds our prim>y notion
 ( "r & wrong1 &1  by r5d]+ !m imp]sonal
 qualities1 r$uces !m to empty names4   
,no con/ruction c be giv5 to ! sy/em1   
:i* does n pass ?is  insult on !        
consci5ce4 ,9 :at s5se d we %>e ! guilt 
( our  prog5itor8 ,8 concession to      
temptation did n occur )9 our  m9d1 or  
belong 9 any way to our hi/ory4 ,& if1  
)\t  p>ticipation 9 ! act ( wrong1 we   
are to h its p5alties1  crimes 9 !      
planet ,saturn may be expect$ to %[]    
curses on !  e>?2 = :y may n ju/ice g   
a/ray 9 space1 z reasonably z 9  "t8 ,if
 no?+ m be meant1 ?an t f our fir/ p>5ts
 we  inh]it a con/itution liable to     
intellectual error & moral              

transgression1--/ill x is evid5t t1     
until ?is liability takes  actual       
effect1 no s9 exi/s1 b only its         
possibility2 & :5 x  takes effect1 !re  
is j s mu* guilt1 & no m1 ?an might be  
committ$ by ! individual's w3 s t :]e   
!re is no  volition1 z 9 infancy1       
cruelty only c\ld inflict puni%m5t2 &   
:]e !re is pure volition1 z 9 _m a good 
passage ( !  f\le/ life1 equity itself  
c\ld n )hold approval4    7#b47 ,i      
submit z a second di/+ui%+ feature (    
practical  ,*ri/ianity1 t x makes no    
great1 c]ta9ly no exclusive1 appeal  to 
! prud5tial feel+s1 z in/rum5ts ( duty2 
treats !m z  morally incapable ( s sacr$
 a "w2 & relies1 *iefly &               
*>act]i/ically1 on affections ( ! he>t1 
:i* no motives (  rew>d & puni%m5t c h !
 smalle/ t5d5cy to excite4    ,!        
,gospel1 inde$1 l all ?+s div9e1 is     
unsy/ematic &  unb\nd by te*nical       
di/9ctions1 & makes no metaphysical     
sep>ation betwe5 ! w & ! affections4 ,x 
is too pr(\ndly  adapt$ to our nature1 n

 to address itself copi\sly to bo?4 ,!  
doctr9e ( retribution1 be+ a solemn     
tru?1 appe>s ) all its  native =ce 9 !  
tea*+s ( ,*ri/1 & arms _m ( 8 appeals  )
 a p]suasion j & t]rible4 ,b nev] 0 !re 
a religion  7conta9+ ^! motives at all7 
s frugal 9 ! use ( !m2 s  able1 on fit  
occasions1 to disp5se ) !m2 s ri* 9 ^?  
inimitable t\*es ( moral beauty1 & tones
 t p5etrate !  consci5ce1 & g5]\s tru/ 9
 ! bett] sympa?ies1 :i*  di/+ui% a      
morality ( ! affections4 ,9 ,*ri/       
himself1 :]e is  !re a trace ( ! ob$i5ce
 ( pi\s self-int]e/1 comput+ its        
ev]la/+ ga9s1 & mak+ out a case =       
comp5sation1 by  submitt+ to inf9ite    
wisdom8 ,9 8 "*1 :i* is !  imp]sonation 
( 8 religion1 we surely h a p]fect image
 (  spontane\s goodness1 unhaunt$ by !  
idea ( p]sonal enjoym5t1  &1 l t ( ,god1
 unbidd5 b by ! intuitions ( consci5ce  
& ! impulses ( love4 ,& :at tea*] less  
div9e ev] made su*  high & bold dem&s on
 our dis9t]e/$ness8 ,to l5d out our     
virtue  ^u int]e/1 to love !m only :o   

love u1 he pron\nc$ to be  ! s9n]s'     
morality2 nor 0 ! feel+ ( duty ev]      
rea*$1 b  by ^? :o c\ld d good1 hop+ =  
no?+ aga91 except t  greate/ ( rew>ds to
 a true & fai?ful he>t1 to be ! *ildr5  
( ! ,highe/1 :o is k9d unto ! un?ankful 
& ! evil4 ,9  ! view ( ,jesus1 all      
deal+s betwe5 ,god & m5 7 n (  b>ga91 b 
( affection4 ,we mu/ surr5d] ourselves  
to him )\t  t]ms2 mu/ be a%am$ to d\bt  
him :o fe$s ! birds ( ! air1  &1 l !    
lily ( ! field1 look up to him ) a      
bright &  lov+ eye2 & he1 = our mu*     
love1 w pity & =give u4 ,9  8 own       
m9i/ry1 h[ mu* less did our ,"l rely =  
disciples on !  cog5cy ( m]e pro(1 & !  
inducem5ts ( hope & fe>1 ?an on  ! p[] (
 moral sympa?y1 by :i* e "o t 0 ( ,god  
naturally lov$ him & he>d 8 words2 by   
:i* ! good %eph]d  knew 8 %eep1 & !y    
li/5$ to 8 voice1 & foll[$ him2 &  )\t  
:i* no man c\ld come unto him1 = no _s (
 ! ,fa!r  drew him4 ,no condition (     
disciple%ip did ,*ri/ impose1 save t (  
fai? 9 him2 absolute tru/ 9 ! _s ( 8    

m9d2 a desire (  self-ab&onm5t to a love
 & fidelity l 81 )\t tamp]+  ) exp$i5cy1
 or hesitancy 9 p]il1 or %r9k+ f dea?4  
,!re is1 !n1 a wide v>iance betwe5 !    
g5ius ( ,*ri/ianity1  & t philosophy :i*
 tea*es t all m5 mu/ be b\ght ov] to  ! 
side ( goodness & ( ,god1 by a price    
suit$ to _! p>ticul>  =m ( selfi%ness & 
appetite = pleasure4 ,our religion is   
rem>kable = ! l>ge confid5ce x reposes  
on ! dis9t]e/$  affections1 & ! va/     
proportion ( ! "w ( life x consigns to  
!m4 ,& 9 ?us seek+ to subord9ate &      
tranquillize !  prud5tial feel+s1 ,*ri/ 
manife/$ h[ well he knew :at 0 9  man4  
,he recogniz$ ! tru?1 :i* all exp]i5ce  
decl>es1 t 9  ^! emotions is no?+ great1
 no?+ lovable1 no?+ p[]ful2  t _! en]gy 
is p]petually f\nd incapable ( )/&+ !   
impetuosity ( passion2 & t all          
transc5d5t virtues1 all t  br+s u to    
tremble or to kneel1 all ! ent]prises & 
conflicts  :i* dignify hi/ory1 & h /amp$
 any new feature on human life1  h _h _!
 orig9 9 ! dis9t]e/$ region ( ! m9d1--9 

affections unconsci\sly entranc$ by "s  
object sanctify+ &  div9e4 ,he knew1 = x
 0 8 special mission to make all m5     
feel1  t x is ! (fice ( true religion to
 cleanse ! sanctu>y ( !  secret         
affections1 & effect a reg5]ation ( !   
he>t4 ,& ?is is  a task :i* no direct   
nisus ( ! w c possibly accompli%1  & to 
:i*1 !re=e1 all (f]s ( rew>d & puni%m5t1
  op]at+ only on ! w1 are q             
inapplicable4 ,! s+le  function (       
volition is to act2 ov] ! executive "p (
 our  nature x is supreme1 ov] !        
emotional x is p[]less2 & all !  wre/l+s
 ( desire = self-cure & self-elevation1 
are l !  /ruggles ( a *ild to lift      
himself4 ,he :o is anxi\s to be a       
philan?ropi/1 is admir+ b5evol5ce1      
in/ead ( lov+ m52 &  :oev] is labor+ to 
w>m 8 devotions1 ye>ns aft] piety1 n    
aft] ,god4 ,! m9d c by no spasmodic b\nd
 seize on a new height (  emotion1 or   
*ange ! light 9 :i* objects appe> be=e  
its view4  ,p]suade ! judgm5t1 bribe !  
self-int]e/s1 t]rify !  expectations1 z 

y w1 y c nei!r dislodge a favorite1 nor 
en?rone a /rang]1 9 ! he>t4 ,%[ me a    
*ild t fl+s an  affectionate arm ar\nd a
 p>5t1 & lights up 8 eyes b5ea? h]      
face1 & ,i "k t !re h be5 no lectures   
!re ^u filial  love2 b t ! "m1 be+      
lovable1 has ( necessity be5  lov$2 = to
 g5ial m9ds x is z impossible to )hold a
 pure  affection1 :5 its object is      
pres5t$1 z = ! fl[] to sulk  )9 ! m\ld1 
& clasp itself tight )9 ! bud1 :5 !     
g5tle =ce ( spr+ invites its petals to  
curl out into ! w>m  light4 ,z y rev]5ce
 all good affections ( our nature1 &    
desire  to awak5 !m1 nev] call !m       
duties1 ?\gh !y be s2 = s  do+1 y       
address y\rself to ! w2 & by h>d try+ no
  atta*m5t ev] ent]$ ! he>t4 ,nev] prea*
 on _! great  desirabl5ess & propriety2 
= s do+1 y ask audi5ce ( !  judgm5t2 &  
by way ( ! und]/&+ no gl[ ( noble       
passion  ev] came4 ,nev]1 above all1    
reckon up _! balance ( good & ill2  = s 
do+1 y exhort self-int]e/2 & by t soil$ 
way no true  love w cons5t to pass4     

,nay1 nev] talk ( !m1 nor ev5 gaze      
curi\sly at !m2 = if !y be ( any wor? & 
delicacy1 !y w  be in/antly look$ out ( 
c\nt5ance & fly4 ,no?+ wor?y (  human   
v5]ation w condesc5d to be embrac$1 b = 
its own sake3  grasp x = its excell5t   
results1--make b ! fa9te/ (f] to  use x 
z a tool1 & x slips away at ! v         
conception ( su*  insult4 ,! functions (
 a heal?y body g on1 n by k (           
physiology1 b by ! in/9ctive vigor (    
nature2 & y w no  m brace ! spiritual   
faculties to noble en]gy & true life by 
/udy ( ! uses ( e feel+1 ?an y c tra9 an
 a?lete =  ! race by lectures on e      
muscle ( e limb4 ,! m9d is n  volunt>ily
 active 9 ! acquisition ( any great     
idea1 any new  inspiration ( fai?2 b    
passive1 fix$ on ! object :i* has  dawn$
 ^u x1 & fill$ x ) fre% light4    ,if   
?is be true1 & if x be ! object (       
practical ,*ri/ianity1  n only to direct
 our h&s aright1 b to inspire our he>ts1
 !n  c its ends nev] be a*iev$ by ! m]e 
=ce ( rew>d &  puni%m5t2 !n no sy/em c  

prove its suffici5cy by %[+ t  x reta9s 
! doctr9e ( retribution1 & mu/ ev5 be   
held  convict$ ( moral incompet5cy1 if x
 tru/s ! consci5ce ma9ly to  ! prud5tial
 feel+s1 )\t due provision = enli/+ !   
co-op]ation ( _m a dis9t]e/$ affection4 
,we _c refra9 f af=d+ ^? into ^: h&s ?is
 volume  w g1 ! pleasure & ! l(ty       
enc\ragem5t :i* !y mu/  d]ive f ! p]usal
 ( an extract on      ,,! ,,transmission
 ,,( ,,sup]ior ,,?\ghts4    ,x is a law 
( ,provid5ce 9 communities1 t ideas %all
 be  propagat$ d[nw>ds ?r\gh ! sev]al   
gradations ( m9ds4 ,!y  h _! orig9 9 !  
sugge/ions ( g5ius1 & ! m$itations (    
philosophy2 !y are assimilat$ by ^? :o c
 admire :at is great  & true1 b _c      
orig9ate2 & !nce !y are sl[ly infus$    
into ! popul> m9d4 ,! rapidity ( !      
process may v>y 9  diff]5t times1 ) !   
facilities = ! transmission ( ?\ght1  b 
its ord] is con/ant4 ,tempor>y causes   
may %ield ! inf]ior  ranks ( intellig5ce
 f ! influ5ce ( ! sup]ior2 fanaticism   
may int]pose = a :ile ) success2 a want 

( ! true _s (  sympa?y betwe5 !         
in/ructors & ! in/ruct$ may *eck by a   
moral repulsion ! natural radiation (   
intellect2--b1 9 ! end1  ,provid5ce w   
re-ass]t its rule2 & ! conceptions born 
9 !  quiet heights ( contemplation w    
precipitate !mselves on ! busy          
multitudes bel[4 ,?is pr9ciple int]prets
 hi/ory & presages  futurity4 ,x %[s u 9
 ! popul> feel+ & traditions ( "o  age1 
a reflection f ! philosophy ( a prec$+2 
& f !  prevail+ /yle ( s5tim5t &        
speculation among ! cultivat$  classes  
n[1 x enables u to =esee ! _s ( a com+  
age4 ,nor  only to =esee x1 b to ex]cise
 ov] x a p[]1 9 ! use (  :i* !re is a   
grave responsibility4 ,if we are        
f>-sight$ 9 our  views ( improvem5t2 if 
we are ambiti\s less ( imm$iate &       
sup]ficial effects ?an ( ! f9al &       
deep-seat$ ag5cy (  g5]\s & holy        
pr9ciples2 if our love ( op9ions is a   
g5u9e  expression ( ! dis9t]e/$ love (  
tru?2--we %all rememb] :o  are ! tea*]s 
( futurity2 we %all appeal to ^?1 )9 ^: 

closets ,god is already comput+ !       
de/9ies ( remote  g5]ations1--m5 at once
 erudite & free1 m5 :o h ! mat]ials  ( k
 ) :i* to det]m9e ! great problems (    
morals &  religion1 & ! g5ius to ?9k &  
imag9e & feel1 )\t let or  h9d]ance (   
hope or fe>4    ,we l+] ov] ! pages f   
:i* ! prec$+ selections h be5  made1    
unwill+ to end our grateful task ( love4
 ,b "o quotation  m mu/ be ! la/4 ,) x  
we comm5d ^! ,/udies (  ,*ri/ianity1 ^! 
timely ?\ghts = religi\s ?9k]s1 to !    
c&id & affectionate inquir]s )9 all     
sects1 confid5t t1 s  f> z ! "w obta9s a
 fit reception1 x w ex]t t purify+1     
lib]aliz+1 & sanctify+ p[] :i* is !     
g5u9e influ5ce (  ,*ri/4                
,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,sect>ian ,,!ology4   
,! sect>ian /ate ( !ology 9 ?is c\ntry  
_c b be reg>d$  z em95tly unnatural4    
,its cold & h>d m9i/rations are entirely
  ali5 to ! wants ( ! popul> m9d1 :i*1  
except "u !  discipl9e ( artificial     
influ5ces1 is always mo/ awake to g5]\s 
impressions4 ,its malignant exclusiv5ess

 is a p]v]sion ( ! natural  v5]ation ( !
 human he>t1 :i*1 except :]e x is       
int]f]$ )  by n>r[ & selfi% sy/ems1 p\rs
 itself out1 n 9 hatr$ t[>ds  any?+ t   
lives1 b 9 love to ! invisible objects (
 tru/ &  hope4 ,its disputati\s trifl+  
is an insult to ! sanctity (  consci5ce1
 :i*1 except :]e x is betray$ into      
oblivion ( its  delicate & holy (fice1  
supplicates ( religion1 n a new f]ocity 
(  dogmatism1 b an enl>gem5t & ref9em5t 
( its s5se ( "r4 ,x  is ! temp] (       
sect>ianism to seize on e de=mity ( e   
cre$1 & exhibit ?is c>icature to ! _w's 
gaze & av]sion4 ,x  is ! _s ( ! s\l's   
natural piety to alight on :atev] is    
beautiful & t\*+ 9 e fai?1 & take !re   
its secret draught  ( pure & fre%       
emotion4 ,x is ! passages ( poetry &    
pa?os 9 a  sy/em1 :i* alone c lay a     
/rong hold on ! g5]al m9d & give  !m    
p]man5ce2 & ev5 ! wild fictions :i* h   
ende>$ ,romanism  to ! he>ts ( s _m     
c5turies1 possess _! elem5ts ( t5d]ness 
& magnific5ce4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( 

"o :o w\ld adm9i/]  religion to ! m9ds (
 8 fell[-m5 %\ld be1 t all t has  ev]   
be5 ext5sively v5]at$ mu/ possess       
+r$i5ts t are  v5]able4 ,if1 9 ! _s (   
sect>ianism1 he sees no?+ 9 x b         
absurdity1 x only proves t he does n see
 x all2 x mu/ h an  aspect1 :i* he has n
 yet caught1 t awes ! imag9ation1 or    
t\*es ! affections1 or moves !          
consci5ce2 & ^? :o receive  x nei!r w   
nor %\ld ab&on x1 till some?+ is        
sub/itut$1  n only m consonant ) !      
reason1 b m awak5+ to ^!  high]         
faculties ( s\l4 ,h5ce1 a rigid accuracy
 & logical  p5etration ( m9d1 ! p[] (   
detect+ & expos+ error1 are n  ! only   
qualities ne$$ by ! religi\s re=m]2 & 9 
a deep &  rev]5tial sympa?y ) human     
feel+s1 a quick p]ception ( !  great &  
beautiful1 a promptitude to ca/ himself 
into ! m9ds (  o!rs1 & gaze ?r\gh _!    
eyes at ! objects :i* !y love1 he  w f9d
 ! in/rum5t ( ! sublime/ intellectual   
p[]4 ,!  precise logician may sit       
et]nally 9 ! c5tre ( 8 own circle (     

correct ideas1 & prea* demon/rably !    
folly ( ! _w's  sup]/itions2 yet he w   
nev] affect ! ?\ghts ( any b  m>ble-m9d$
 be+s l himself4 ,he disreg>ds ! f9e    
tissue (  emotions t cl+s r\nd ! objects
 :i* he s h>%ly h&les2 &  has yet to    
le>n ! art ( pres]v+ its fabric         
unimpair$1 :ile he  enfolds )9 x some?+ 
m wor?y = x to fo/] & adore4    ,z1 !n1 
x is to ! moral & imag9ative p[]s ( !   
human m9d  t religion *iefly atta*es    
itself1 z x is by ^! t ! want  ( x is   
mo/ /rongly felt1 s is x to ^! t its    
m9i/rations  %\ld be1 = ! mo/ "p1       
address$4 ,:ile !ologians are  discuss+ 
! evid5ces ( cre$s1 let tea*]s be       
conduct+ !m to  _! applications4 ,let _!
 respective res\rces ( feel+ &          
conception be unfold$ be=e ! s\l (      
mank9d2 let x be tri$  :at m5tal en]gy  
!y c inspire1 :at purity ( moral        
p]ception  infuse1 :at dignity (        
pr9ciple erect1 :at toils ( philan?ropy 
su/a94 ,?us w\ld arise a new crit]ion ( 
judgm5t betwe5  diff]+ sy/ems2 = t sy/em

 mu/ possess mo/ tru? :i*  creates ! mo/
 intellig5ce & virtue4 ,?us w\ld ! deep]
  devotional wants ( society be no long]
 mock$ by ! privilege (  *oice among a  
few capti\s1 v]bal1 & precise =ms (     
belief4  ,?us1 too1 w\ld ! ali5ation :i*
 repels sect f sect give place  to an   
incipi5t & gr[+ sympa?y2 = :5 high      
intellect &  excell5ce approa* & /& 9   
meek homage b5ea? ! cross1 h[  soon are 
! j>r+ voices ( disputants hu%$ 9 !     
/illness (  rev]5ce6 ,:o does n feel !  
refre%m5t1 :5 "s /ream (  pure poetry1 l
 ,heb]'s1 w9ds into ! des]t ( !ology6 :5
  "s fla% ( g5ius1 l t ( ,*alm]s1 d>ts  
?r\gh its dull  atmosph]e6 "s /ra9s (   
eloqu5ce1 l ^? ( ,*ann+1 float  f a     
di/ance on its heavy sil5ce6    ,su*1   
!n1 are ! objects :i* %\ld be           
contemplat$ by ^? :o1  9 ! pres5t times1
 aim at ! re=mation ( religi\s          
s5tim5t2--fir/1 ! elevation ( !ology z  
an intellectual  pursuit2 secondly1 !   
bett] application ( religion z a moral  
influ5ce4 ,bo? ^! objects are directly  

or indirectly promot$ by  ! ,association
 ^: cause ,i am privileg$ to advocate4  
,x aids !  fir/1 by ! di/ribution ( _m a
 "w1 ! production ( su*  m9ds z mu/     
r$eem !ology f contempt4 ,x advances !  
second1  by e/abli%+ union & sympa?y    
among ^? ^: fir/ pr9ciples  are 9 direct
 contradiction to all t is sect>ian1 &  
:o desire  only to emancipate ! und]/&+ 
f all t enfeebles1 & !  he>t f all t    
n>r[s x4 ,! triumph ( its doctr9es w\ld 
be1  n ! asc5d5cy ( "o sect1 b ! h>mony 
( all4 ,let b !  div]sities :i* sep>ate 
,*ri/ians retire1 & ! tru?s :i*  !y all 
pr(ess to love advance to prom95ce1 &1  
:atev] may  become ( p>ty names1 our    
aims are fulfill$1 & our satisfaction is
  complete4 ,:5 fai? 9 ! pat]nity ( ,god
 %all h k9dl$ an  affectionate & l(ty   
devotion2 :5 ! vision ( immortality1    
imp>t$ by ,*ri/'s resurrection1 %all h  
creat$ t _s (  duty :i* 0 ! holie/      
inspiration ( 8 life2 :5 ! s9c]e        
recognition ( human bro!rhood %all h    
supplant$ all exclusive  in/itutions1 & 

b&$ society toge!r "u ! v[ ( mutual aid 
& ! hope ( ev]la/+ progress1 our "w w be
 done1 our  rew>d be=e u1 & our little  
community ( re=m]s lo/ 9 !  wide        
frat]nity ( enlight5$ & b5evol5t m54    
,! day is yet di/ant1 & c be won only by
 ! toil ( e>ne/ &  fai?ful m9ds4 ,9 !   
mean :ile1 x is no light solace to see t
  ! t5d5cies ( ,provid5ce are t[>ds its 
accel]at$ approa*4 ,&  h[ev] dispirit+  
may sometimes be ! v>iety & conflicts ( 
human s5tim5t1--h[ev] remote !          
dissonance ( controv]sy f  t h>mony ( w 
:i* w\ld seem ess5tial to p]fect$       
society1  x is ?r\gh ?is v process t !  
great ends ( improvem5t are  to be      
atta9$4 ,h]eaft] x w be se51 mu* m      
cle>ly ?an we  c see x n[1 t op9ion     
g5]ates k4 ,l ! e!real  waves1 ^:       
inconceivable rapidity & numb] are said 
to imp>t !  s5sation ( vision1 !        
undulations ( op9ion are spe$+ on to    
produce ! p]ception ( tru?4 ,!y are !   
inf9itely complex &  delicate movem5ts (
 t univ]sal ,human ,m9d1 ^: quiesc5ce is

  d>kness1--^: agitation1 light4    ,to 
! fit & num]\s read]s :om we tru/ !y w  
f9d1 ^!  pap]s are n[ submitt$1 9 !     
e>ne/ hope t ! au?or w at  no di/ant day
 foll[ !m ) "s m sy/ematic & r\nd$      
survey ( ! same great subject1--!       
compon5ts & developm5ts (  ,*ri/ianity4 
,w4 ,r4 ,a4          ,,/udies ,,(       
,,*ri/ianity4          ,,di/9ctive      
,,types ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4      ,if unity
 be ! "* ( tru?1 no g5]ation 0 ev] s f> 
gone  9 errors z our own3 nor is !      
we>9ess surpris+1 ) :i*  /atesm5 &      
philosoph]s turn away f ! ,babel (      
,div9ity1 &1 9  despair ( scal+ !       
heav5s1 apply !mselves to f\nd & adorn !
  politics ( ?is _w4 ,b ! confusion (   
tongues is too positive &  obtrusive a  
fact to be escap$ by m]e retreat3 x bids
 defiance to  polite evasion3 x pursues 
life into e public place & private      
haunt2 invades ! home1 ! s*ool1 !       
college1 ! c\rt1 !  legislature2 &1     
besides ! problems :i* x fails to solve1
  con/itutes 9 itself a new "o1 n       

undes]v+ ! close/ /udy &  reflection4   
,to ! believ]s 9 doctr9al f9ality1 :o   
imag9e !  :ole sacr$ economy to be      
settl$ by a docum5t>y revelation1 !     
reop5+ ( e "q1 d[n to ! v basis (       
religi\s fai?1  mu/ be an appall+       
ph5om5on1 *>g+ ei!r failure on ! presum$
  designs ( ,god or a traitor\s p]v]sity
 on ev5 ! mo/ gift$ &  upright ( m54 ,& 
n a :it bett] is ! conclusion ( a       
conceit$  illum9ism1 :i*1 ei!r boldly   
recall+ ! human m9d to !  sci5ces (     
induction1 despises all fai? z false    
alike2 or1 consci\s  at lea/ ( its own  
incompet5cy1 pleases itself ) a m       
indulg5t  scepticism1 & accepts !m all z
 true4 ,if no bett] rev5ge c be  tak5 on
 pi\s dogmatism ?an by fall+ into ! cant
 ( an eclectic  neutrality or an impi\s 
despair1 !re is little enc\ragem5t = any
  high-m9d$ man to take "p aga9/ !      
bigotries ( ! pres5t on  behalf ( sickly
 negations 9 ! future4 ,! _w is bett]   
left 9  ! h&s ( ! poore/ int]pret] (    
,paul1 & mo/ deg5]ate heirs  ( ,augu/9e 

& ,pascal1 ?an transf]r$ to ! dialectic 
( ,proclus or  ! mat]ialism ( ! liv+    
,fondateur de la ,religion de           
l',humanit4#a ,!re are ^?1 h[ev]1 :o d5y
 t we are left to  any su* alt]native2  
:o _c conceive t human aspirations aft] 
div9e reality %all = ev] p9e & sigh 9   
va92 :o cont5d t  objective tru? 9      
ref]5ce to morals & religion is         
atta9able1 &  has be5 l>gely atta9$2--& 
:o1 accord+ly1 despair+ ( nei!r         
philosophy nor ,*ri/ianity1 require only
 ! free int]communion ( !  two to       
appreciate ! contradictions ( ! pres5t  
)\t =ego+  ! hope ( great] unity 9 !    
future4 ,! controv]sies ( ! h\r  are b  
ill und]/ood by "o :o rema9s enclos$ )9 
!m1 &  judges !m only on _! own         
assumptions4 ,l a village brawl1 :i*1  )
 only ! s\nd ( vulg> noise1 may be !    
ripe fruit ( oppression  & ! g]m (      
revolution1 !y h an assign$ place 9 !   
unfold+  ( mod]n civilization2 & n till 
_! place is comput$ 9 ! life  ( ! human 
race1 & ! law :i* br+s !m up 9 our age  

is  obs]v$1 c _! real significance be   
appreh5d$1 & all ang] at  _! clamor\s   
littl5ess be lo/ 9 hope ( _! ult]ior    
issues4  ,reg>d$ f ?is high] po9t1 !    
surface ( religi\s belief 9  ,engl&1 at 
fir/ sight a m]e tr\bl$ f]m5tation (    
/ruggl+  elem5ts1 betrays "s organic    
pr9ciple ( ord]1 & _m sali5t  po9ts (   
promise4    ,we haz>d no !ory ( religion
 9 say+ t !re is a natural              
correspond5ce betwe5 ! g5ius ( a p & !  
=m ( _!  belief4 ,ea* mood ( m9d br+s   
its own wants & aspirations1 colors  its
 own ideal1 & int]prets be/ t "p ( life 
& ! univ]se  ) :i* x is 9 sympa?y4 ,john
 ,knox w\ld h be5 misplac$ 9  ,a!ns1 &  
,tanl] c\ld n h liv$ on ! moralism (    
,kant4 ,no  d\bt ! ultimate seat ( human
 fai? lies deep d[n bel[ ! special      
prop5sities ( individuals or tribes1--9 
a consci\sness & faculty  common to !   
race4 ,b ere x comes to ! surface1 &    
dis5gages  itself 9 a concrete %ape1 its
 type & color w be affect$ by !  /rata (
 ?\ght & feel+ ?r\gh :i* x em]ges into !

 light4  ,)\t pret5d+ to an exhau/ive   
classification1 we f9d f\r *ief         
temp]am5ts ( m9d express$ 9 ! !ologies &
 scepticisms (  civiliz$ ,europe3 ! que/
 ( physical ord]1 ! s5se ( "r1  ! in/9ct
 ( beauty1 & ! consci\sness ( tempe/u\s 
impulses c>ry+ ! w (f its feet4 ,v>i\sly
 bl5d$ 9 !  *>act]s ( av]age p]sons1 ^! 
t5d5cies are liable to sep>ate  _!      
int5sities1 & sev]ally dom9ate almo/    
alone 9 m9ds ( great  =ce & p]iods (    
special action or reaction4 ,7 ea* left 
to  itself to =m its own unaid$ cre$1 ! 
doctr9e ( m]e ,sci5ce w\ld  be a!i/ic2 (
 ,consci5ce1 !i/ic2 ( ,art1 pan!i/ic2 ( 
,passion1 sacrificial4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is 
di/ribution ( t5d5cies  is equally      
conclusive1 :e!r we look to its rational
 gr\nd or to its  hi/orical             
exemplification2 & a few words on ea*   
head w suffice to  cle> & ju/ify x4     
,not)/&+ "s occasional attempts to      
exhibit natural !ology z  a necess>y    
ext5sion ( natural philosophy1 x is pla9
 t !  maxims1 :i* are ultimate =        

physical ,sci5ce1 /op %ort ( contact  ) 
,religion2 t ! f9al appeal ( ! two is   
c>ri$ to diff]5t  faculties2 & t ! scope
 & sph]e ( ! "o may be complete  )\t    
borr[+ any conception f ! o!r4 ,!       
assumption1 =  in/ance1 t we c "k no?+ b
 ph5om5a1 directly excludes  all p]man5t
 & et]nal ,be+ z ! possible object (    
rational  ?\ght4 ,& z ph5om5a are       
appreh5sible only by ! obs]v+           
faculties1 :atev] refuses to put 9 an   
appe>ance 9 _! c\rt is  nonsuit$ z an   
unreality4 ,& aga91 physical k has      
accompli%$ its aim1 z soon z x c pr$ict 
all ! successions t  lie )9 its field ( 
"t & space2 & n[h]e 9 ?is sy/em (       
s]ies1 nor 9 ! calculat$ =ces :i* yield 
x to ! view1 does  any div9e ,p]son look
 9 ^u ! m9d4 ,:oev]1 by ! re/ra9ts (  a 
hypo!tical necessity1 deta9s 8 intellect
 )9 nature1 deb>s  himself ipso facto f 
any fai? t transc5ds nature1 &          
recognizes no res]ve ( sup]natural      
possibilities1 hidd5 9 a ,m9d  ( :i* !  
actual univ]se is b ! f9ite expression4 

,we d n1 (  c\rse1 int5d to affirm t    
sci5tific culture _c coexi/ )  religi\s 
belief2--s prepo/]\s an ass]tion w\ld be
 confut$ by a  manifold exp]i5ce2--b    
only t1 :]e ! canons ( inductive  k are 
inve/$ ) unconditional univ]sality1 &   
are  logically c>ri$ out z valid = all  
?\ght1 !y %ut ! door ^u  ! s\rces (     
fai?4 ,x is ! old battle1 ( :i* hi/ory  
supplies  su* abundant illu/ration2 :i* 
br\ght ,p>m5ides & ,protagoras ^u  !    
li/s at opposite ends on ! field (      
philosophy2 :i* ,bacon  pr(\ndly avoid$ 
by assign+ sep>ate empires1 )\t common  
b\nd>y1 to sci5ce & religion2 b :i* 8   
mod]n disciples h  ra%ly r5ew$1 by      
invad+ ! realm left sacr$ by him4       
,uneasy  relations h always subsi/$ 9   
,*ri/5dom betwe5 ! inve/igators  (      
nature & ! tru/ees ( ! fai?3 ! m5 (     
sci5ce r>ely  quitt+1 unless = signs (  
unequivocal av]sion1 ! attitude (       
polite indiff]5ce to ! ,*ur*2 & 9 _!    
turn wat*$ ) !  jeal\s eye ( sac]dotal  
vigilance4 ,x is no untrue in/9ct t has 

hi!rto ma9ta9$ !m 9 ?is po/ure ( mutual 
suspicion3 to  ex*ange :i* = a he>ty &  
intellig5t rev]5ce = ea* o!r is  an     
a*ievem5t res]v$ = a high] philosophy   
?an we yet possess4    ,z ,sci5ce pays  
homage to ! =ce ( nature1 s ,consci5ce  
en?rones ! law ( "r4 ,! consci\s subject
 ( moral  obligation feels himself "u a 
rule nei!r self-impos$ &  fictiti\s1 nor
 =eign & co]cive2--nei!r a home inv5tion
 nor an  outw>d necessity2--a rule      
invisible1 au?oritative1 awful2 c>ry+  )
 x an alt]native irr$ucible to ! l9e>   
dynamics ( !  physical _w2 incapable (  
be+ felt b by a free m9d1 or (  be+ giv5
 b by ano!r4 ,he is aw>e t 8 w foll[s a 
call  ( duty n at all z 8 body adapts   
itself to ! =ce (  gravitation2 & z )9  
him ! consci5ti\s ob$i5ce :olly  diff]s 
f ! corporeal1 s 9 ! univ]se ( realities
 beyond him  does ! moral legislation   
diff] f ! natural1 & express !  w ( a   
p]son1 n a m]e con/itution ( ?+s4 ,no   
e?ical  conceptions are possible at     
all1--except z float+ %r$s (  unatta*$  

?\ght1--)\t a religi\s backgr\nd2 & !   
s5se (  responsibility1 ! agony ( %ame1 
! inn] rev]5ce = ju/ice1  fir/ f9d _!   
mean+ & v9dication 9 a supreme hol9ess t
  rules ! _w4 ,nor c any "o be p5etrat$ 
) ! di/9ction  betwe5 "r & wrong1 )\t   
recogniz+ x z valid = all free  be+s1 & 
incapable ( local or arbitr>y *ange4 ,8 
feel+  insi/s on its p]man5t recognition
 & omnipres5t sway2 & ?is  unity 9 !    
,moral ,law c>ries him to ! unity ( !   
,div9e  ,legislator4 ,!ism is ?us !     
indisp5sable po/ulate (  consci5ce1--its
 objective c\nt]p>t & ju/ification1 )\t 
:i* its inspirations w\ld be illusions1 
& its v]acities  !mselves a lie4 ,to    
adduce hi/orical pro(s ( ?is conjunction
 is  at once difficult & sup]flu\s 9 a  
_w ^: !ism is almo/  all ( "o /ock4 ,b x
 w n be =gott5 t ,socrates1 9 :om       
,greek religion culm9at$1 av[$ly bas$ 8 
re=m on !  sub/itution ( moral =        
physical /udies4 ,x is und5iable too t1 
9 spite ( _! fatalism1 ! mono!i/ic      
,mohamm$ans h be5  surpass$ by few      

nations 9 _! s5se ( tru? & fidelity2 &  
t :]ev] ! same type ( belief has be5    
approa*$ by ,*ri/ian  sects1 ! h]esy has
 be5 said to arise f an exagg]at$       
e/imate  ( ! moral law4    ,art1 we h   
said1 is pan!i/ic4 ,its aim1 (t5        
unconsci\sly  pres5t1 is to read (f !   
expressiv5ess ( ?+s1 & f9d :at  x is :i*
 !y w\ld speak ) _! sil5t look4 ,to its 
p]ceptions1 =m1 color1 s\nd1 motion1 h a
 s\l )9 !m ^:  life & activity !y       
repres5t3 & ev5 language1 by fl++       
itself into ! m\ld ( rhy?m & music1     
acquires1 beyond its  logical           
significance1 a second mean+ = !        
affections4 ,z if wak$  up & t+l+ b5ea? 
! arti/'s lov+ gaze1 matt] lies dull  & 
dead no m2 op5s on him a respond+ eye2  
communes ) him  f its /eadfa/ br[2 &    
becomes in/9ct ) grace or maje/y4       
,in/ead ( be+ ! drag-weight & opposite (
 spiritual en]gies1  x becomes to him _!
 pliant m$ium1 ! docile clay = ! %apes  
( f9e/ ?\ght1 ! brilliant palette = !   
spread ( inmo/  feel+4 ,he melts ! b>ri]

 away t hides f m]e s5se &  intellect ! 
int]ior s5tim5t--! =mative idea--( all  
visible  ?+s2 & 8 glance ( sympa?y      
*anges !m n less ?an a bur/  ( amb]     
sunrise *anges a lead5 l&scape & picks  
out ! fre%e/  smiles4 ,?us he f9ds      
himself 9 a liv+ univ]se1 ev] /riv+ to  
%[ him a div9e beauty t lurks )9 &      
presses to ! surface2  & he /&s be=e a  
curta9 only half opaque1 wat*+ ! lights 
& %ad[s ?r[n on x f beh9d by ! ceaseless
 play ( inf9ite  ?\ght4 ,n t !          
int]pretation is by any means           
self-evid5t1 or  accessible except to ! 
appreh5sive in/9ct ( sympa?y4 ,= x      
seems z ?\gh no =m ( be+1 no object 9   
creation1 c\ld ev]  repres5t completely 
its own type3 some?+ is lo/ f its       
p]fection 9 ! realization2 & ! actual1  
fall+ %ort ( !  ideal1 c give x only to 
"o = :om a h9t suffices4 ,?is           
conception ( ! _w z an inc>nate div95ess
 does n1 we are  well aw>e1 am\nt to    
pan!ism1 unless x become                
all-compreh5sive1  s z to take 9 n      

simply physical nature1 b ! human life &
  w2 & !re are numb]s :o are sav$ f ?is 
extreme1 ei!r by  kn[+ :]e to draw !    
l9es ( philosophical di/9ction1 or by  !
 natural =ce ( moral conviction re/ra9+ 
! absolutism (  imag9ation4 ,b s f> =? z
 ! t5d5cy op]ates1 x sub/itutes  = !    
!i/ic rev]5ce = a ,holy ,w ! pan!i/ic   
recognition ( a ,creative ,beauty1 &    
pres5ts ,god to ! m9d less  z !         
prototype ( ,consci5ce ?an z ! apo!osis 
( ,g5ius4 ,!  spontaneity ( poetic      
action is suppos$ to illu/rate ,8       
proc$ure  bett] ?an ! pref]5tial        
decisions ( ! moral s5tim5t2 & !  g5esis
 ( :atev] is good & fair is ref]r$ n s  
mu* to  delib]ate plan z to ! et]nal    
int]fusion & circulation1  ?r\gh ! great
 :ole1 ( a ,div9e ,ess5ce1 :i* fl+s (f !
  univ]se & its hi/ory z a m]e natural  
language4 ,t ?is is !  religion ( art1  
is prov$ by ! lit]ature ( e creative    
p]iod1  ,greek1 ,italian1 or ,teutonic2 
& negatively by ! comp>ative abs5ce  (  
arti/ic feel+ & production 9 ages &     

nations t h mo/  int5sifi$ at once !    
,unity & ! ,p]sonality ( ,god4 ,beauty 0
  ! ,bible ( ,a!ns2 & ,plato1 its       
dev\te/ & mo/ compreh5sive  exp\nd]1 %[s
 ev]y:]e1 9 8 metaphysics1 8 morals1 & 8
  my?s1 ! m\ld into :i* its fai?        
inevitably falls4    ,9 passionate &    
impulsive natures !re is a              
self-contradiction  :i* makes _!        
religi\s t5d5cy peculi>ly difficult to  
describe4  ,!y are n less consci\s ?an  
o!rs ( moral di/9ctions1 & own  ! sacr$ 
au?ority ( ! bett] invitation ov] !     
worse4 ,inde$1  :5 surpris$ into a fall1
 _! remorse %>es ! vehem5ce ( all  _!   
emotions1 & f ! black %ad[ 9 :i* !y sit1
 !  sanctity ( ! law :i* !y h violat$   
looks ineffably bright2  & !y speak (   
its holy requirem5ts1 & ( ! inf9ite     
purity (  ! ,div9e ,legislator1 9 su*   
f]vid tone1 t :atev] else !y  may       
endang]1 ! p]fection ( ,god's "*1 y feel
 assur$1 &  ! obligations ( human       
morality1 are secure ( rev]5tial        
ma9t5ance4 ,yet ! tru? is precisely !   

rev]se4 ,at ! v  mom5t t ! law ( duty is
 ?us l(tily extoll$1 x is on !  po9t (  
total subv]sion2 lift$ to a height      
prec>i\s & unreal1  x ov]balances on !  
o!r side & disappe>s4 ,= ! v same  /ormy
 int5sity :i* makes ^! m5 /rong to feel 
! claim (  good1 makes !m weak to obey  
x4 ,_! p]sonality wants solidity2  & an 
atmosph]e ( tempe/u\s affections sweeps 
ov] x l a  hurricane on wat]4 ,!y c d   
no?+ f out ( _! own  resolves1 & are =  
ev] drawn or driv5 f ! =tress !y 7  n to
 surr5d]4 ,:at rema9s = !m1 solicit$ ?us
 by =ces  :i* are an ov]mat* = _! j     
self-reliance8 ,is x surpris+  t !y no  
soon] confess h[ !y ought to obey1 ?an  
!y  decl>e t !y _c obey8 ,! ?+ is a     
contradiction2 b x  all ! bett] = ?is   
expresses :at !y are3 ) _! c5tre  (     
gravity 9 ! wrong place1 !y _c b hold ! 
tru? 9  un/able equilibrium4 ,repose on 
contradiction is1 h[ev]1 impossible2  & 
! necess>y result ( ^! co-exi/5t feel+s 
( obligation  & incapacity is a         
sub/itute = ob$i5ce4 ,! resort to       

sacrifice :i* ?us arose express$ no m1  
prior to ! ,*ri/ian  era1 ?an ! s5tim5t1
 ,take ?is1 ,o ,"l1 't is all ,i h to   
give2 & af=d$ b a fictiti\s relief to ! 
labor+ _s4 ,x  ackn[l$g$ & atte/$ !     
incompet5cy ( ! w1 b made no  use ( !   
excess ( ! emotions4 ,x 0 ! ,paul9e     
doctr9e (  fai? :i* fir/ turn$ ?is great
 p[] to acc\nt2 & virtually  said1 ,are 
y 9 slav]y because y _c manage y\r      
affections8  turn _! tru/ & en?usiasm on
 ,*ri/ 9 heav51 & let !m  manage y1 & y 
%all be free4 ,! s\l t falls 9 love )   
immortal goodness rises above ! region (
 ineffectual /rife1 &  spontane\sly (f]s
 :at c\ld nev] be extort$ f ! w by !    
la% ( self-mortify+ resolve4 ,?is is !  
tru? :i* und]lies !  sacrificial doctr9e
 9 ,*ri/ian times1--! emancipat+ p[] (  
great tru/s & high inspirations2 & its v
 nature indicates its  bir? f impassion$
 temp]am5ts1 & its aff9ity ) _!  special
 wants4 ,! vic>i\s sacrifice is a m]e   
plea1 an ideal po9t  ( attraction1 = a  
pr(\nd allegiance ( he>t2 :i* m9ds ( ?is

  class w\ld h>dly yield )\t an int5se  
appeal to _!  gratitude2 b :i*1 if      
really awak5$ by a cle> & tranquil      
moral rev]5ce1 w\ld no less triumph ov] 
! gravitation ( self4  ,! "o ne$ful     
condition = ! r$emption ( ^! natures is 
!  objective pres5ce & action ^u !m ( a 
div9e p]son to lift  !m cle> out (      
!mselves1 & r5d] back on ! heal+ brea? (
  tru/ ! /r5g? t only pants itself away 
9 fev]i% ef=t4  ,e doctr9e ( sacrifice  
necess>ily contradicts its own premises2
  because = guilt1 :i* is p]sonal &     
inali5able1 x (f]s a  comp5sation :i* is
 =eign1 & meets a moral ill ) an unmoral
  rem$y4 ,true & s\nd z a m]e confession
 ( weakness1 x runs (f  f t po9t into   
m]e confusion & morbidness4 ,b add to x 
!  doctr9e ( fai?1 & x acquires its     
prop] complem5t2 balances its  human    
disclaim] ) a div9e res\rce2 & in/ead ( 
s5d+ its  captive ?r\gh d>k labyr9?s (  
va9 exp]im5t1 op5s a direct way  f !    
*amb]s ( humiliation to ! prophet's     
wat*-t[] (  pray] & vision4 ,)\t ?is    

complem5t1 ! doctr9e creat$  prie/hoods2
 ) x1 de/roys !m4 ,)\t x1 m5 are caught 
up 9  _! mom5ts ( helplessness1 & h&$   
ov] to ritual quack]ies2  ) x1 !y are   
seiz$ 9 _! h\r ( inspiration1 & flung   
into  ! arms ( ,god4 ,! susceptibility =
 ei!r treatm5t dep5ds on  ! pr$om9ance (
 impulse & passion ov] bread? (         
imag9ation  & /r5g? ( w4 ,9 %ort1 !re   
are m9ds ^: p[] is %$1  if we may say s1
 9 prot5sion1 precipitat$ =w>ds 9 n>r[  
*annels ) impetu\s torr5t4 ,!re are o!rs
 ^: afflu5ce is  9 ext5sion1 & spreads  
out l a /ill lake to dr9k 9 light  f !  
op5 sky1 & reflect ! look (             
wide-encircl+ hills4 ,&  !re are o!rs   
yet aga91 ^: "* is 9t5sion1 & t  move on
 9 full volume1 & ) /eady /ream (       
t5d5cy1 ris+ &  fall+ little ) !        
seasons1 & hold+ to ! limits )9  :i* !y 
are to g4 ,! fai? ( ! fir/ is           
sacrificial2 ( !  second1 pan!i/ic2 ( ! 
?ird1 !i/ic4    ,( ! f\r c>d9al t5d5cies
 we h nam$1 ! sci5tific has  nev] be5   
provid$ = )9 ! int]ior ( ,*ri/ianity2 ^:

  organic life & /ructure are complete  
)\t x4 ,x rema9s1  !re=e1 sull5ly on !  
outside1 )\t r5\nc+ at pres5t its       
a!i/ic prop5sions3 & ! "p x has play$1  
h[ev] important1  has be5 t ( ext]nal   
*eck & antagonism1 9 ! ass]tion (       
neglect$ rights ( k1 & slight$ int]e/s (
 mank9d4 ,?is  _c possibly cont9ue =    
ev]2 nor is x at all consi/5t )         
exp]i5ce to suppose1 t ei!r ( ! oppon5t 
influ5ces w  obta9 a victory ov] ! o!r4 
,_! reconcilem5t1 ?r\gh !  m$iation & )9
 ! compass ( "s ?ird & m compreh5sive   
conception1 is a task rema9+ = !        
philosophy & *>ity ( !  future4 ,we feel
 no d\bt t x w be accompli%$2 & w sp>e u
  t revolution>y ext]m9ation ( !ology & 
metaphysics :i* is  proclaim$1 on behalf
 ( positive sci5ce1 by ! self-appo9t$   
,committee ( ! ,rpublique ,occid5tale4  
,! o!r ?ree t5d5cies  e>ly work$ _! way 
into ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & v9dicat$ a  
place )9 its organism4 ,inde$1 !        
hi/orical g5esis ( !  ,ca?olic ,*ur*    
consi/s ( little else1 on ! inn] side ( 

dogma &  e?ics1 ?an ! successive &      
successful self-ass]tion ( ea* (  ^!    
pr9ciples2 &1 on ! out] side (          
ecclesia/ical polity1 ?an  ! con/ruction
 ( a social framework :i* held !m 9     
co-exi/5ce  till ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!   
g5ius ( ?ree di/9ct peoples  conspir$ to
 fill up ! measure ( ! e>ly fai?2 & ea* 
br\ght  ) x a sep>ate con/itu5t4 ,!     
,hebrew believ] contribut$ 8  !i/ic     
consci5ce2 ! ,hell5ic1 8 pan!i/ic       
speculation2 !  ,romanic1 8 passionate  
appropriation ( r$emption by fai?4 ,!   
elem5ts 71 f ! fir/1 mix$ & /ruggl+     
toge!r2 s t  ! ph5om5a ( no p]iod1      
probably ( no place1 s]ve to %[ !m      
dis5gag$ f "o ano!r & insulat$4 ,b !    
,ebioniti% p]iod1  ) its rigor\s        
mona*ism1 its hi/orical & human ,*ri/1  
its  scrupul\s asceticism1 its /]nness  
aga9/ weal?1 repres5ts !  e?ical        
pr9ciple 9 its excess4 ,! ,logos idea1 &
 inde$ ! :ole  developm5t ( ! ,tr9it>ian
 doctr9e1 exhibits ! ef=t ( !  ,greek   
?\ght to obta9 recognition1 & qualify ! 

,judaic4 ,& !  ,augu/9ian !ology1 plead+
 ! wants ( f]vid natures1 on ^:  surface
 ! web ( moral doctr9es alights only to 
be %rivell$ &  disappe>1 completes !    
triad ( ag5cies f ^: conflu5ce !  fai? (
 ,*ri/5dom arose4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic sy/em ! 
?ree +r$i5ts  unite 9 "o composite      
result2 & h5ce ! t5acity ) :i* t  sy/em 
keeps possession ( ! mo/ v>i\s types (  
human "*1  &1 baffl$ by ! _s ( "o age1  
returns ) ! reaction (  ano!r4 ,! e?ical
 feel+ f9ds satisfaction 9 its !ory (   
human  nature2 ! pan!i/ic1 9 its s*eme (
 sup]natural grace2 !  sacrificial1 9   
its conditions ( r$emption4 ,?r\gh !    
realism (  ! m$ival s*ools1 its eu*>i/ic
 doctr9e1 :i* is only !  !ological side 
( t philosophical conception1 becomes a 
direct  transfusion ( ,hell5ic influ5ce 
into ! ,*ur*4 ,& its fai? 9  p]petual   
inspiration1 9 ! unbrok5 *a9 ( physical 
miracle1 9 !  ceaseless m+l+ (          
sacram5tal my/]y ) ! v sub/ance (  ?is  
_w1 s f> s(t5s & diffuses ! conc5trat$  
p]sonality (  ! ,div9e ,ess5ce1 z to    

indulge ! free fancy ( art4 ,nor c we   
d5y  ! same capacity ( beauty to its    
hi]>*y ( holy natures1--f !  village    
sa9t1 ?r\gh ! heav5ly angels1 to ! ,son 
( ,god1--all  bl5d$ 9 liv+ sympa?ies t  
cross & recross ! b>ri]s (  worlds4 ,?is
 compreh5sive adaptation to ! exig5cies 
( mank9d is a  reasonable object (      
admiration4 ,b no?+ c be m absurd ?an ! 
appeal to x 9 pro( ei!r ( pret]natural  
guidance1 or ( human  artifice1 9 !     
con/itutive process ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4   
,!re is  no?+ v surpris+ 9 ! fact1 t a  
sy/em :i* is ! product  ( ?ree factors  
%\ld conta9 !m all4 ,no d\bt if ^!      
factors are1  z we cont5d1 prim>y &     
inde/ructible features ( our unp]v]t$   
nature1 no religion c be div9e &        
completely true :i* refuses to  take any
 ( !m up2 & ?is "o condition ( ! future 
fai? we may  le>n f ! ,*ri/5dom ( ! pa/4
 ,! condition1 h[ev]1 mu/ be  satisfi$  
o!rwise ?an by ! /range cong]ies (      
pr(\nd tru?s &  pu]ile fancies :i* is   
dignifi$ by ! "n ( ,ca?olic doctr9e4    

,=1 be x obs]v$1 ?is sy/em has no       
intr9sic & necess>y unity1  :i* w\ld    
hold x toge!r :5 ab&on$ to ! free action
 ( !  m9d1 ^: requirem5ts x is said to  
meet4 ,x has some?+ =  consci5ce1 some?+
 = art1 some?+ = passion1 ea* 9 its     
turn2 b x is n a :ole t c satisfy all   
toge!r4 ,its  cont5ts1 ga!r$ by         
successive exp]i5ces1 coh]e ?r\gh !     
ext]nal grasp ( a sac]dotal corporation2
 & if t h& be  p>alyz$ or relax$1 x     
becomes evid5t at once h[ little !y h   
gr[n toge!r4 ,h5ce ! ph5om5a ( ! sixte5?
 c5tury1 ^:  revolt 0 ! expression1 n ( 
!ological diss5t1 b (  ecclesia/ical    
disgu/2 & 9 :i* doctr9e only accid5tally
 fell  to pieces1 because ! au?ority t  
gu>d$ & wield$ x became  too rott5 to be
 believ$ 94 ,! second>y revolution1     
h[ev]1 0  incomp>ably m mom5t\s ?an !   
prim>y4 ,! treasur$ se$s t  dropp$ f !  
%att]$ casket ( ! ,*ur* _h to g]m9ate   
aga9  9 ! fre% soil ( ! ri*] ,european  
m9d2 & ! great ye> (  _! developm5t is  
/ill ^u its r\nd4 ,! outw>d dictation ( 

! ,apo/olic ,see be+ disc>d$1 x became  
necess>y to f9d ano!r  clew to div9e    
tru?2 & ! inn] wants ( ! human s\l & !  
pass+ age came into play1 ) no re/ra9t  
)9 ! ample scope  ( ,scripture4 ,a      
recon/itution ( ,*ri/ianity began1--on !
 basis1  no d\bt1 ( mat]ials already    
accumulat$1--m eclectic1 !re=e1  & less 
creative1 ?an 9 ! infancy ( ! religion2 
b  proce$+1 nev]!less1 by ! same law1 & 
comm5c+ a simil>  cycle4 ,! ord] (      
developm5t 9 ?is second life ( ,*ri/5dom
  has n be5 ! same z 9 ! fir/2 b !      
/ages1 ?\gh  transpos$1 d n diff] tak5  
"o by "o4 ,x is only ?is1--t  :il/ 9 !  
=mation ( ! fai? ! dom9ant influ5ces 7  
,consci5ce1 ,art1 & ,passion1 9 its     
,re-=mation !y are ,passion1            
,consci5ce1 ,art4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ,lu!r  
%att]$ ! fabric (  pret5d$ unity1 &     
compell$ ! husk to %$ its k]nels1 !     
season & ! field 7 unfavorable to two   
out ( ! ?ree1 &  !y lay dormant till m  
g5ial times4 ,! moral elem5t _h be5     
discr$it$ by ! casui/ry ( !             

confessional1 ! treasure ( !  ,*ur*1 & !
 trade 9 m]itori\s works2 &1 deck$ 9 ^! 
vile  trapp+s1 0 flung away 9 g5]\s     
disgu/4 ,! /hetic elem5t  _h become s   
paganiz$ 9 ,italy1 & 0 s id5tifi$ ) !   
reproduction ( ! v ta/es & vices1 !     
?\ght & /yle1 nay1  ev5 ! my?ology      
itself1 :i* ! primitive religion _h     
expell$  z ! "w ( demons1 t ! new piety 
%rank f x1 & let x  alone4 ,9 an age :5 
episcopates 7 won by an e> = hexamet]s  
or  a ,cic]onian ,lat9ity1 :5 prie/s    
def5d$ mat]ialism 9 ,tusculan           
disputations1 :5 popes frequ5t$ ! comic 
!atre & ,plautus 0  act$ 9 ! ,vatican1  
:5 ! proce$s ( a purgatorial traffic 7  
sp5t 9 de/roy+ anci5t basilicas & rais+ 
hea!ni% temples  ov] ! sepul*res (      
sa9ts1 x 0 inevitable t beauty %\ld     
become suspect$ by sanctity4 ,!re       
rema9$1 yet unspoil$ by !  adoption ( a 
corrupt g5]ation1 ! impetu\s devotion & 
trem5d\s !ory ( ,augu/9e2 & ?is1        
accord+ly1 0 !  direction 9 :i* ! :ole  
e>ly ,re=mation advanc$4 ,x 0 n  !      

accid5t t ,lu!r 0 an ,augu/9ian monk1   
:i* det]m9$ !  "* ( 8 movem5t4 ,! sick5$
 s\l ( ,europe c\ld brea!  no o!r air4  
,emaciat$ ) ! mock]y ( spiritual alim5t1
  revolt+ at ! *opp$ /raw & apples (    
,sodom t _h be5 giv5  = fruit f ! tree (
 life1 x sigh$ = escape f ?is  *ok+     
discipl9e into "s region fre% ) ! m\nta9
 brea? (  fai? & love1 & n q b>r5 (     
angels' food4 ,! burd5$  moral s5se1 s  
long delud$ & abus$1 r$uc$ to           
self-consci\s  dotage by va9 p5ances &  
va9] promises1 flung away all belief 9  
itself1 ask$ leave to lay its fre$om    
d[n1 & w5t into captivity  to ,*ri/4 ,s 
exclusively did ! feel+ ( ! "t fl[ into 
?is  *annel1 t no doctr9e :i* _h an     
e?ical gr\ndwork1 or  attempt$ to s(t5 9
 ! lea/ ! implacable ho/ility ( nature  
& grace1 obta9$ any success2 :ile e     
en?usia/ic excess (  ! anti-ca?olic     
ideas spread l wildfire4 ,!             
irreproa*able  innoc5ce & piety ( !     
,salzburg ,grtn]-brd] did no?+ to  save 
!m f quick m>tyrdom to _! ,ebioniti%    

fai?2 :ile !  atrocities & rav+s ( !    
,anabapti/s ( ,mn/] sc>cely suffic$  to 
/op ! triumph ( _! hide\s k+dom ( !     
sa9ts4 ,!  movem5t ( ! brave ,zw+li1    
e>li] & m mod]ate ?an ei!r  ,lu!r's or  
,calv9's1 0 easily re/ra9$ by !m )9 !   
n>r[e/ range1 :il/ ! ,g5evan ,re=m]1    
cauti\s & ung5ial1  _h b to collect 8   
logical fuel1 & k9dle ! t]rible fire (  
8 dogma1 & x spread f ! icy *amb]s ( 8  
own nature &  wrapt :ole k+doms 9 its   
flames4 ,t m5 )\t passion or  pa?os     
!mselves1 :o d _! "w by =ce ( intellect 
& w1  %\ld be successful dissem9ators ( 
a doctr9e t c live 9 no  cool air1 only 
%[s h[ wide 0 ! prep>ation ( m9d1 & h[ !
  com+ ( ?is "t fulfill$ ! long desire (
 nations4    ,! fir/ /age1 !n1 ( ! new  
developm5t ( ,*ri/ianity 0 its  ,puritan
 p]iod4 ,! natural p]dition ( man1 !    
radical corruption  ( 8 w1 ! religi\s   
indiff]5ce ( all 8 /ates & actions1  & !
 consequ5t wor?lessness ( 8 morality1   
except = civil  uses & social police1   
con/itute ! fundam5tal assumptions ( !  

sy/em4 ,f ?is basis ( despair its       
doctr9e ( atonem5t comes to  ! rescue4  
,! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ is accept$ 9 place ( 
t :i*  m5 _c r5d]1 & 8 sacrifice in/ead 
( ! p5alty !y  des]ve4 ,n1 h[ev]1 = all1
 b = ^? alone :o may  appropriate !     
deliv]ance by an act ( fai?1 & pres5t ! 
m]its  ( ,*ri/ z _! (f]+ to ,god1 ) full
 assurance ( _!  suffici5cy4 ,no?+ b a  
div9e & involunt>y conv]sion c  g5]ate  
?is fai?1 :i* foll[s no pr$isposition f 
!  antec$5t life1 b ! inscrutable decree
 ( ,heav54 ,once  transf]r$ f ! /ate (  
nature into t ( grace1 ! disciple       
becomes1 ?r\gh ! ,holy ,_s1 a new       
creature2 is consci\s ( a  sacr$        
revolution 9 8 ta/es & affections2 gives
 evid5ce ( ?is  by good works1 :i*1 n[  
purifi$ 9 _! pr9ciple1 are no long]     
unacceptable to ,god2 & kn[s t1 ?\gh he 
is /ill liable to !  s9s1 he is r$eem$ f
 ! p5alties1 ( a son ( ,adam4 ,! ,*ur*  
is ! body ( ! conv]t$1 & :ile !         
,sacram5t ( ,baptism  initiates !       
c&idate1 & provisionally secures him1 ! 

,communion  seals 8 adoption aft]w>ds2 !
 efficacy ( bo? be+ conditional  on !   
inn] fai? ( ! p>ticipant4 ,! int5se &   
unm$iat$  anti!sis ( nature & grace1 & !
 gulf1 impassable except by  miracle1   
betwe5 _! two sph]es1 may be reg>d$ z ! 
mo/  *>act]i/ic feature ( ?is s*eme4    
,its text-book conta9s !  ,paul9e       
,epi/les1 & op5s mo/ readily at !       
,romans or ,galatians2  & its favorite  
writ]s are ,augu/9e1 ,lu!r1 ,calv91 &   
,edw>ds4  ,) va/ int]nal diff]5ces 9 _! 
p>ticul> conceptions (  ,*ri/ian tru? & 
( ecclesia/ical gov]nm5t1 ! s-call$     
,evangelical sects reta9 ! impress ( _! 
common orig9 9 !  de>? ( any e?ical or  
/hetic elem5t 9 _! religion4    ,f ?is  
alone mu/ h result$ ! fact :i* a        
plurality (  causes has concurr$ 9      
produc+2 viz4 t ! ,re=mation soon  7)9 a
 c5tury & a half7 rea*$ its app>5t limit
 ( ext5t1  & propagat$ itself only      
int]nally by fur!r evolutions (  ?\ght4 
,x _h tak5 up & exhau/$ ! class ( m9ds  
to :i* x  0 specially adapt$2 & aft]    

appropriat+ ^!1 f\nd itself  arre/$4 ,"u
 ! impulse ( a newly-awak5$ piety m5 are
 dispos$  to feel t !y _c attribute too 
mu* to ,god2 & !re w  always be l>ge    
numb]s :o1 f ! absorb+ int5sity (       
religi\s  s5tim5t1 or ! dom9ance (      
pr$e/9>ian !ory1 or ! ill  balance (    
p>tial cultivation1 abdicate all p]sonal
 p[] ( good 9  favor ( irrev]sible      
decrees4 ,b z ! t5sion relaxes or !     
culture enl>ges1 ! moral in/9cts reass]t
 _! exi/5ce2 &  ! mon/r\s di/ortions    
incid5t to any !ory :i* d5ies _!        
au?ority become too repulsive to be     
borne4 ,h5ce a reaction1 9 :i*  !       
natural consci5ce takes ! lead1 & insi/s
 on obta9+ t  reconciliation ) ,god :i* 
has already be5 conqu]$ = !  affections4
 ,m5 9 :om ! s5se ( "r & wrong is deep  
_c  dive/ !mselves ( rev]5ce = x z      
au?oritative & div9e2 nor  c !y truly   
pr(ess t x is to !m an empty voice1 :i*1
  v5]able z x s\nds1 !y are nev] able to
 obey4 ,!y "k :at a  diff]5ce x makes to
 !m1 9 ! :ole peace & p[] ( _!  be+1    

:e!r !y are fai?ful or :e!r !y are      
false2 t ?is  diff]5ce belongs alike to 
_! /ate ( nature & _! /ate (  grace2 t x
 is z little possible to )hold          
admiration f !  magnanimity ( ! ,pagan  
,socrates z f t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,paul2  & t
 ! s5tim5t :i* compels homage to bo? is 
! same t  looks up ) tru/ & wor%ip to ! 
ju/ice & hol9ess ( ,god3  h[1 !n1 c !y  
cons5t to draw an unreal l9e (          
impassable  sep>ation betwe5 e?ical     
qualities be=e conv]sion & ! v  same    
qualities aft]1 & abrogate 9 ! "o case !
 moral  di/9ctions :i* become valid 9 ! 
o!r8 ,! two lives1--( e>?  & heav52 !   
two m9ds1--human & div9e2 ! two         
/ates1--nature  & grace2 :i* x is !     
impulse ( en?usiasm to contra/1 x is  ! 
necessity ( consci5ce to unite4 ,:5     
,lu!r fir/ blew up !  sac]dotal bridge  
:i* _h giv5 a pa? across to ! /eps (    
c5turies1 ! boldness ( ! de$ & !        
inspiration ( ! "t  light5$ ! feet ( m51
 & enabl$ !m to spr+ ov] ) him on  ! w+ 
( fai?4 ,b :5 ! van _h pass$1 & ! m     

equable  & discipl9$ ranks ( ano!r      
g5]ation 7 br\ght to ! br9k1  !re seem$ 
a ne$less ra%ness 9 ! attempt1 &        
f\ndations 7  discov]$ = a /ructure bas$
 on ! rock ( nature1 & mak+ "o  prov9ce 
( bo? worlds4 ,ev5 ,melanc?on1 long z he
 yield$ to 8  lead]'s m p[]ful w1 c\ld n
 p]man5tly acquiesce 9 !  complete      
ext9ction ( human responsibility2 &     
v9dicat$ = !  s\l a volunt>y co-op]ation
 ) div9e grace4 ,?is semi-,pelagian     
example rapidly spread2 fir/ among !    
lat] ,lu!rans1 especially (  ,brunswick 
& ,hanov]2 next into ! s*ool ( ,leyd52 &
 f9ally  into ! ,*ur* & univ]sities (   
,engl&4 ,quick to seize !  reaction 9 ! 
temp] ( ! times1 ! ,jesuits put !mselves
 at !  head ( ! same t5d5cy 9 _! own    
communion2 def5d$ aga9/ !  ,jans5i/s a  
doctr9e ( free-w beyond ev5 ! limits (  
,ca?olic  or?odoxy2 upheld ,mol9a aga9/ 
,augu/9e1 z among ! ,prote/ants         
,episcopius 0 ga9+ ^u ,calv94 ,among    
patriotic !ologians !  au?ority ( !     
,lat9 ,*ur* gave way 9 favor ( ! e>ly   

,*ri/ian  apologi/s & ,greek ,fa!rs1 :o 
knew no?+ ( ! s*eme (  decrees4         
,div9ity1 "u ! guidance ( ,m & ,cudwor?1
 no long]  disda9$ to repl5i% h] oil &  
revive h] flame f ! lamp (  ,a!nian     
philosophy4 ,& ! conception ( a univ]sal
 natural law 0  elaborately work$ out by
 ,grotius4 ,z ! sixte5? c5tury 0 !      
p]iod ( dogmatic !ology1 ! sev5te5? 0 t 
( e?ical  philosophy2 ! :ole mod]n      
hi/ory ( :i* lies ma9ly )9 t  limit &   
half a c5tury l[]2 & conclusively atte/s
 ! decl9e  ( a s*eme ( belief           
incompatible ) ! v exi/5ce ( su* a      
sci5ce4 ,:5 ! ,prote/antism :i* _h      
produc$ a ,f>el1 a ,beza1  & a ,:itgift1
 (f]$ z its repres5tatives ,locke &     
,limbor*1  ,tillotson & ,butl]1 ! nature
 ( ! *ange :i* _h come ov] x  decl>es   
itself4 ,x 0 ! revolt ( moral s5tim5t   
aga9/ a  doctr9e t outrag$ x1--!        
re-developm5t1 "u new conditions1  ( !  
e?ical pr9ciple :i* _h fall5 neglect$ f 
! brok5  se$-vessel ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4  
,! second season ( ! ,re=mation1 ?\gh   

treat$ n[ )  unm]it$ disp>agem5t1 0 n   
less wor?y ( admiration ?an !  fir/4    
,high-,*ur*m5 may be a%am$ ( an ar*bi%op
 :o propos$ a  s*eme ( compreh5sion2    
,evangelicals1 ( a prea*] :o applaud$ ! 
,soc9ians2 & ,col]idgians1 ( a !ologian 
:o 0 no deep] 9  metaphysics ?an !      
,grotian div9es2 b nei!r ! ,era/ianism1 
! *>ity1 nor ! common s5se ( a          
,tillotson w\ld be at all  unsuitable at
 ?is mom5t to a *ur* op5ly torn by      
diss5sions &  really held toge!r only by
 dep5d5ce on ! /ate4 ,x has be5 a       
curr5t op9ion1 p]sev]+ly propagat$ by   
adh]5ts ( ! ,g5eva  !ology1 t ! spread (
 ,arm9ian s5tim5ts 0 equival5t to a     
religi\s decl9e1 & concurr5t ) ! gr[? ( 
a worldly laxity  & selfi% indiff]5ce ( 
"*4 ,! allegation is absolutely  false4 
,9 lit]ature1 9 p]sonal *>act]i/ics1 & 9
 public life1  ! ,latitude-m5 & _!      
associates 9 belief be> honorable       
comp>ison ) _! m rigor\s =]unn]s4 ,!re  
is n only  less ( passionate intol]ance1
 b a nobl] fre$om f an equivocal        

prud5ce1 9 ! great writ]s ( ! second    
p]iod1 ?an 9 !  ,re=m]s ( ! fir/3 & !re 
is m to t\* ! spr+s (  dis9t]e/$ness &  
elevation ( m9d 9 ,cudwor? & ,cl>ke ?an 
9  ,calv9 & ,beza4 ,nor did ! return (  
e?ical !ory weak5 !  s\rces ( religi\s  
action4 ,! v ent]prises 9 :i*           
evangelical  zeal mo/                   
rejoices1--missions to ! hea!n1 & !     
diffusion (  ! ,scriptures1--7 n only   
prosecut$ b set on foot 9 new           
directions & ) m p[]ful in/rum5talities1
 9 ! v mid/  ( ?is p]iod1 & by ! v      
labors ( its mo/ di/+ui%$  philosoph]s4 
,! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,*ri/ian   
,k1  & ! ,society = ! ,propagation ( !  
,gospel 9 ,=eign ,p>ts1  7 bo? born ) ! 
eighte5? c5tury2 & :ile ! latt]         
address$ itself to ! natives & slaves ( 
! ,am]ican prov9ces1  ! =m] fir/ made ! 
,scriptures kn[n on ! ,corom&el coa/4 ,x
  0 ,boyle :o1 ( all m5 ( 8 age1        
display$ ! mo/ g5]\s zeal  = !          
multiplication ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 himself
 procur+ _!  translation into f\r or    

five languages4 ,= ?irty ye>s he 0      
gov]nor ( a mission>y corporation4 ,yet 
! complexion ( 8  !ology is suffici5tly 
indicat$ by ! fact t he b\ght up        
,pococke's ,arabic translation (        
,grotius 7,de ,v]itate ,*ri/ian         
,religionis71 & 0 at ! co/ ( its wide   
di/ribution 9 ! ,ea/4  ,& :o t has ev]  
read x c =get ,swift's lett] to ! ,iri% 
vic]oy 7,"l ,c>t]et71 introduc+ ,bi%op  
,b]keley 7!n ,dean (  ,d]ry71 & 8       
project = resign+ 8 pref]m5t at home 9  
ord]  t1 on a /ip5d ( #ajj a ye>1 he    
might devote himself to !  conv]sion ( !
 ,am]ican ,indians8 ,! imp]turbable     
pati5ce )  :i* ! good ,dean prosecut$ 8 
object1 ! self-devotion )  :i* he emb>k$
 9 x 8 prop]ty & life1 ! gratefulness ) 
:i* he accept$ f ! gov]nm5t ! promise ( 
a grant1 & !  trea*]y :i* broke !       
promise1 & aft] sev5 ye>s compell$ 8    
return1 make up a /ory unrivall$ = its  
contra/ ( sa9tly  simplicity & m9i/]ial 
bad fai?4 ,^! & simil> features (  ! "t 
sup]flu\sly refute ! arbitr>y & arrogant

 assumption1  t no piety c be liv+ &    
pr(\nd except t :i* disbelieves  all    
natural religion1 no gospel holy :i*    
does n r5\nce ! moral  law1 no fai?     
prolific 9 works unless x beg9s )       
despis+ !m4    ,!re 01 h[ev]1 /ill a    
defect 9 ?is gospel ( consci5ce4        
,reg>d+ ! _w & life z ! object ( a div9e
 adm9i/ration1  & seek+ to int]pret !m  
by a s*eme ( f9al causes1 x 0 :olly     
occupi$ ) ! conception ( ,god z propos+ 
to himself c]ta9  ends1 & arrang+ !     
means = _! accompli%m5t4 ,9 ?is light   
,he  is a ,be+ ) moral preconceptions & 
an economy = br++ !m to  pass4 ,ev]y?+  
is = a purpose1 & subsi/s = ! sake ( :at
 is  ult]ior1 & =ms "p ( a me*anism     
work+ out a prescrib$  problem4 ,!      
t5d5cy ( ?is way ( ?9k+ w inevitably be1
 to  hunt = provid5ces4 ,^! ! n>r[ m9d w
 place 9 ! incid5ts  ( individual life2 
! compreh5sive intellect1 9 ! laws &    
relations ( ! univ]se2 n p]haps 9 ei!r  
case )\t "s  dang] f human egotism (    
ref]r+ too mu* to ! good & ill  :i* is  

relative to man4 ,! inf9ite p]fections (
 ,god w be  conc5trat$1 s to speak1 too 
mu* 9 ! notion ( ,8 ,,w1 & !  p[]s :i*  
subs]ve its designs2 & w 9 consequ5ce be
 z mu*  misappreh5d$ z w\ld be our own  
nature by an obs]v] assum+ t  we put =? 
all its life & ph5om5a on purpose4      
,inde$1 !  exclusive & unbalanc$        
asc5d5cy ( ! moral faculty tempts a man 
to  fancy ?is sort ( exi/5ce ! only "r  
"o = himself2 to suspect  e fl[ (       
unwat*$ feel+1 & call himself to acc\nt 
= !  bur/ ( r++ laught]1 or ! surprise (
 sudd5 te>s1 & aim at  an autocratic    
comm& ( 8 own s\l4 ,x is n wond]ful t 8 
ideal ( human "* %\ld reappe> 9 8       
repres5tation ( !  ,div9e4 ,! error     
de=ms 8 fai? z mu* z x t5ds to /iff5 &  
con/rict 8 life4 ,lead+ him always to   
ask :at a ?+ is =1 x  h9d]s him f see+  
:at x is2 9 se>* ( ! motive1 he  misses 
! look2 & 8 int]e/ 9 x be+ transitive1  
he s9ks  into x ) no sympa?y on its own 
acc\nt4 ,?is is only to say1 9  o!r     
words1 t 8 prepossession deta9s him f ! 

arti/ic  contemplation ( objects &      
ev5ts2 = :ile x is ! bus9ess (  sci5ce  
to inquire _! orig9ation1 & ( morals to 
foll[ _!  drift1 x rema9s = art to      
appreciate _! nature4 ,to feel !  type (
 ?\ght :i* !y express1 to recognize !   
idea :i* !y  inve/ ) =m1 ! m9d mu/ re/  
^u !m1 n z products or z  in/rum5ts1 b z
 realities2 & _! significance mu/ n be  
impos$ ^u !m1 b read (f f !m4 ,! mean+  
:i* art detects  9 life & ! _w is n a   
purpose1 b a s5tim5t2 9 its view !      
pres5t attitudes & developm5t ( ?+s are 
r ! out-com+ (  an inn] feel+ ?an !     
tools ( a remot] end4 ,to f9d room = ?is
  mode ( conception some?+ mu/ be add$  
to ! e?ical repres5tation  ( ,god4 ,he  
mu/ be reg>d$ z n always & ?r\gh\t      
engag$ 9  processes ( int5tion &        
volition1 b z hav+1 ar\nd ?is moral     
c5tre1 an inf9ite atmosph]e ( creative  
?\ght & affection1 :i*1  l ! native     
inspirations ( a pure & sublime human   
s\l1  spontane\sly fl[ out 9 =ms (      
beauty1 & movem5ts ( rhy?m1 &  a ?\s&   

aspects ( div9e expression4 ,religion   
dem&s ! admission  ( ?is free elem5t3 & 
)\t x1 w cease to speak home to m5 (    
susceptible g5ius & poetic nature1 & mu/
 limit itself m &  m to ! fanatical m9ds
 t h too little regulation1 & !  moral t
 h too mu*4 ,a ,god :o (f]s t]ms (      
communion only to  ! passionate & to !  
consci5ti\s1 w n t\* ! spr+s (  wor%ip 9
 p]ceptive & m$itative m54 ,_! pray] is 
less to "k  ! publi%$ rules ?an to      
ov]he> ! lonely :isp]s ( ! ,et]nal      
,m9d1 to be at "o ) ,8 imm$iate life 9 !
 univ]se1 & to %ape  or s+ into         
articulate utt]ance ! sil5t inspirations
 ( :i* all  exi/5ce is full4 ,_! peculi>
 faculties supply !m ) o!r  int]e/s ?an 
ab\t _! s9s1 _! salvation1 & _!         
consci5ce2  !y feel nei!r suffici5tly   
guilty1 nor suffici5tly anxi\s to be    
good1 to make a religion out ( ! "o     
consci\sness or ! o!r2 b  if1 inde$1 x  
be ,god t fla%es on !m 9 s _m lights (  
solemn  beauty f ! face ( common ?+s1 t 
wipes (f sometimes !  /eams ( cu/om f ! 

w9d[ ( ! s\l1 & surprises x ) a  pres5ce
 ( t5d]ness & my/]y1--if ! t5sion (     
creative ?\ght  9 !mselves1 :i* c re/ 9 
no?+ imp]fect1 yet realize no?+  p]fect1
 be an unconsci\s aspiration t[>ds      
,him1--!n !re is a way  ( access to _!  
inn] fai?1 & a temple pavem5t on :i* !y 
w  cons5t to kneel4 ,x is1 we believe1 !
 inability ( ,prote/antism1 9  ei!r (   
its previ\s =ms1 to meet ?is ord] (     
wants1 t has  r$uc$ x to its /ate (     
weakness & discr$it2 & ! /ruggle (      
?\ght1 *>act]i/ic ( ! pres5t c5tury1 is 
an unconsci\s  attempt to supply !      
defect1 & to v9dicate1 = ! ?ird elem5t (
  ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity1 ! possibility ( 
developm5t 9 ! op5 air (  ,prote/ant    
belief4 ,! *ange began1 l bo? ( ! e>li] 
ones1 9  ,g]many2 & x 0 f ,plato t      
,s*lei]ma*] le>n$ :]e !  weakness (     
,*ri/ian dogma lay1 & 9 :at field (     
?\ght he might  create a div]sion f !   
disa/r\s assaults ( ,fr5* mat]ialism1  &
 re/ore ! balance ( ! fight4 ,an        
,hell5ic _s 0 infus$  into ! sci5tific  

!ology ( ! ,cont95t1 & has nev] ceas$ to
  prevail !re1 ?\gh ,ari/otle has long  
succe$$ to ,plato z !  *annel (         
influ5ce4 ,:5 ,hegel1 long ! rival (    
,s*lei]ma*]1  triumph$ ov] him1 n only 9
 ! cot]ies ( ,b]l91 b 9 !  s*ools (     
,g]many1 he no d\bt turn$ ! philosophy  
:i* _h be5  invok$ to pres]ve ! fai?    
into a dialectic1 at ^: magic t\* x     
deliquesc$2 & no "o :o has foll[$ !     
application ( 8  pr9ciples to hi/ory &  
dogma c be surpris$ at ! antipa?y !y    
awak5 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,b x w\ld be a mi/ake  
to suppose t ! /ep  into ,pan!ism 0 made
 by ,hegel1 & t ! oppos+ !ologians      
rais$ up by ! great prea*] ( ,b]l9      
occupy 9 ?is respect any  diff]5t gr\nd4
 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,jacobi !ism prop] has n  
be5  he>d ( 9 ,g]many3 ! v writ]s :o    
mean to def5d x1 surr5d]  x 9 ! disguise
 ( _! def9ition ( p]sonality2 & s /eep$ 
is  ! :ole national m9d 9 ! colors (    
,hell5ic ?\ght1 t f  ,ne&] to ,/rauss c 
be f\nd1 9 our delib]ate judgm5t1 only  
diff]5t %ades ( ! same pan!i/ic         

conception4 ,:at does ?is  d5ote b a    
univ]sal sigh aft] a ,god1 :o %all be   
nei!r a ,jehovah1  a ,judaic 1 nor a    
r$eem+ ,deus ex ma*91 sup]v5+ ^u  !     
!atre ( hi/ory1 b a liv+ & en]giz+ ,_s1 
quick5+  ! v he>t ( to-day1 & :isp]+    
r\nd ! dome ( ,h]s*el's  sky n less ?an 
9 ! ?ird /ory ( ,paul's heav58 ,9 "s ?is
  feel+ breaks out 9 devili% defiance1 z
 9 ! unhappy ,he9ri*  ,he9e's say+1 ,i  
am no *ild1 ,i d n want a ,heav5ly ,fa!r
 any  m3 9 o!rs x brea!s out1 z )       
,novalis1 9 a t5d]  my/icism1 & is      
traceable by ! rev]5t footfall & uncov]$
 head  ) :i* !y pace1 z 9 a ca!dral1 !  
solemn aisles ( life &  nature4 ,!      
expression ( ?is t5d5cy has pass$ into !
 lit]ature  ( our own language1 & e ye> 
is t++ x m & m ) its  *>act]i/ic hues4  
,em]son af=ds ! pure/ & mo/ unmix$      
example2 b p]haps ! e>li] writ+s (      
,c>lyle1--be=e ! div9e  ?ir/ _h advanc$ 
s mu* into a human rabies1--& m         
especially  8 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 may be   
tak5 z ! real gospel ( ?is  s5tim5t4 ,! 

int5se op]ation ( ^! essays1 s entirely 
ali5 to  ! traditions ( ,engli% ?\ght & 
ta/e1 is an evid5ce ( some?+  m ?an !   
g5ius ( _! au?ors3 x is pro( ( a c]ta9  
combu/ible /ate ( ! ,engli% m9d1 prep>$ 
by dr\ght & deadness  to bur/ into !    
flame ( ?is new wor%ip4 ,?is feel+1     
diffus$  ?r\gh ! v air ( ! "t1 has      
unmi/akably ev9c$ its ess5tial  id5tity 
) ! in/9ct ( art2 9 "p1 by a direct     
afflu5ce &  excell5ce ( production      
unkn[n to ! prec$+ age1 b /ill m1  9 !  
wide ext5sion ( an appreciat+ love = !  
creations (  arti/ic g5ius4 ,! melan*oly
 prophets :o see 9 ?is spread+          
susceptibility only a morbid symptom (  
decad5t civilization1 are  misl$1 we    
hope1 by imp]fect hi/orical p>allels4 ,!
 fl[]1 no  d\bt1 bo? ( ,a!nian & (      
,italian culture1 0 mo/ brilliant j     
be=e x droop$4 ,b ! soil :i* bore x1 & !
 elem5ts t  surr\nd$ x1 _h no ess5tial  
resemblance to ! conditions ( mod]n     
,engli% society1 9 :i*1 above all1 !re  
are ! unexhau/$ juices  ( a moral fai? &

 a /r5u\s habit1 n /imulant p]haps (    
ha/y  gr[?1 b giv+ h>dihood aga9/ ! op5 
air & ! natural  seasons4    ,by ! rules
 ( te*nical !ology1 x may appe> /range  
to reckon  ! turn f !ism to pan!ism z a 
?ird /age ( !  ,re=mation2 z if x c\ld  
be at all includ$ 9 ! int]ior  hi/ory ( 
,*ri/ianity1 in/ead ( be+ treat$ z a    
direct  apo/asy4 ,& x is 9 reality a v  
s]i\s "q1 :e!r1  )\t unfai?fulness to   
its ess5tial "*1 ! ,*ri/ian  religion c 
dome/icate )9 x ?is new action ( ?\ght1 
or mu/  f ! fir/ visit x ) unqualifi$   
excommunication4 ,on ! "o  h&1 no?+ c be
 m absurd ?an to suppose t a fai? (     
,hebrew orig91 a fai? ^: v hypo!sis is  
s91 & ^:  aspiration is moral           
p]fectness1 c ev] be reconcil$ ) a      
?or\gh-go+ pan!ism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 no?+ c
 be m  gratuit\s ?an to assume t ! feel+
 :i*1 on gett+ ! :ole  m9d to itself1   
g5]ates a pan!i/ic s*eme1 has no        
legitimate  ex]cise1 & ga9s its         
indulg5ce altoge!r at ! exp5se (        
,*ri/ian tru?4 ,if we mi/ake n1 ! pi? ( 

! matt] lies 9 a  small compass4 ,let   
,*ri/ian ,!ism keep ,morals1 & ,pan!ism 
may  h ,nature4 ,?is rule is no m]e     
compromise or coalition (  incongru\s   
elem5ts1 b is f\nd$1 we are conv9c$1 on 
di/9ctions real & et]nal4 ,s long z a   
holy w is left to ,god1  & a p[]        
committ$ to man1 free to su/a9 relations
 ( tru/ &  responsibility1 room rema9s =
 all ! conditions ( ,*ri/ianity1  & !   
field beyond may be op5 to ! range (    
my/ic p]ception1  & rail$ (f = !        
sacram5t ( beauty4 ,b :e!r ?is or any   
o!r be ! j p>tition ( t]ritory betwe5 ! 
two claimants1  p>tition !re mu/ be1 = !
 real tru? ( ?+s mu/ correspond1  n to !
 hypo!sis ( any s+le human faculty1 b to
 h>moniz$  po/ulates ( all4 ,x is n     
surpris+ t1 on its fir/ re-bir?1  !     
gospel ( nature %\ld d5y ! gospel (     
duty1 or s take x up  into its own f9e  
ess5ce z to volatilize all its sub/ance 
away4  ,?is is b ! natural rev5ge tak5 =
 pa/ neglect1 & !  ne$ful *all5ge to    
future att5tion4 ,ea* "o ( ! ?ree       

developm5ts has 9 its turn run out      
beyond ! limits ( !  ,*ri/ian fai?1 &   
yet1 hi!rto1 ea* has e/abli%$ a place   
)9 x4 ,! ,hegelian1 or ,em]sonian1 type 
( ! ?ird p]iod is  b ! correspond+      
ph5om5on to ! ,ant9omianism ( ! fir/1  &
 ! ,deism ( ! second4 ,& z ^! h pass$   
away1 aft]  surr5d]+ into ! cu/ody (    
,*ri/5dom ! pr9ciples t gave  !m /r5g?1 
s w ! ,pan!ism ( to-day1 :5 x has       
provid$  = ! safe-keep+ ( its *>ge1 &   
se5 ! ,*ur* complete its  triad ( ,fai?1
 ,hol9ess1 & ,beauty4    ,?is "q1 h[ev]1
 w be ask$3 ,if ! ,re=mation only       
repeats1 ) "s transposition1 ! cycle ( !
 primitive  developm5t1 h[ are we !     
bett] = hav+ ?us to d our "w  aga98 ,are
 we to end :]e ! sixte5? c5tury began1 &
 to  reproduce ! ,ca?olicism :i* 0 !n   
resolv$ into its elem5ts8  ,& does "s   
fatal necessity doom u to ?is we>isome  
p]iodicity8  ,n 9 ! lea/4 ,h[ev] little 
! se$s may be able to transgress  !     
limits ( species1 & may rema9           
indi/+ui%able f  mill5nium to mill5nium1

 ! conditions ( gr[? are s diff]5t z    
practically to cancel ! id5tity 9 !     
result4 ,tak5 ev5 "o by  "o1 ! mod]n =ms
 ( doctr9e are f> nobl] ?an _! e>ly     
prototypes4 ,! n>r[ ,ebionitism ( !     
orig9al ,*ur* is n  comp>able1 z an     
expression ( ! consci5ce1 ) ! moral     
philosophy ( ,butl]2 & ! ,greek elem5t (
 ?\ght1 fl[+ by  ,b]l91 has ent]$ !     
,*ur* 9 deep] *annels ?an :5  infiltrat+
 ?r\gh ! !osophy ( ,alex&ria4 ,x is only
 9  relation to ! passionate elem5t t ! 
d\bt c be rais$1  :e!r we h ga9$ 9 tru? 
& gr&eur by pass+ ! religion  ( ,augu/9e
 ?r\gh ! m9ds ( ! mod]n re=m]s2 & :e!r  
! ,jans5i/s )9 ! ,*ur* d n exhibit a    
high] phase (  "* ?an ! ,hugu5ots )\t x4
 ,b at any rate1 ! mod]n  developm5t1   
tak5 z a :ole1 is secure ( an inn] unity
 &  complet5ess :i* be=e has be5        
unatta9$4 ,x is an obvi\s1 yet  little  
notic$1 consequ5ce ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1
 t no "o  mood ( feel+ or s*ool ( ?\ght 
c tyrannize ov] a g5]ation  ( mank9d1 & 
sweep all be=e x1 z ( old2 & !n aga91 ) 

*ange 9 ! intellectual season1 rot      
utt]ly away1 & give place to  a         
successor no less absolute4 ,g5]ations &
 ages n[ live 9  pres5ce ( ea* o!r2 !   
impulse ( ! pres5t is re/ra9$ by  !     
c\nsels ( ! pa/1 &1 9 fight+ = ! ?rone (
 ! human  m9d1 f9ds x n only /rong 9    
liv+ prepossession1 b gu>d$ by  %ad[y   
s5t9els1 encircl$ by a b& ( immortals4  
,h5ce ! hi/ory  ( ideas c nev] be aga9 s
 wayw>d & fitful z x 0 9 !  fir/        
c5turies ( our era2 los+ all int]e/ at  
"o p]iod 9 !  que/ions :i* _h madd5$ !  
prec$+2 = a "t cov]$ all  ov] ) ! pale  
haze ( ,byzant9e metaphysics1 & !n      
suffus$  ) r$ heats ( ,african          
en?usiasm4 ,new tru? c no long] =get  ! 
old1 & ?rive :olly at its exp5se1 or ev5
 make a compact )  x to take turn & turn
 ab\t1 b mu/ f9d an organic relation )  
x1 s z to be its enl>gem5t r ?an its    
rival4 ,! mod]n  morali/ already und]/&s
 ,augu/9e bett] ?an did ! old           
,pelagians2 ,evangelical tea*]s beg9 to 
insi/ on ,*ri/ian e?ics2  & ! increas+  

disposition1 ev5 9 het]odox p]sons1 to  
dwell on  ! ,inc>nation z ! c5tral po9t 
( fai?1 %[s h[ cr$ible &  welcome       
becomes ! notion ( ! union ( human )    
div9e1 & (  ! moral manife/ation ( ,god 
9 ! life & s\l ( man4 ,! "t1  we tru/1  
is gone1 = ! m]ely l9e> advancem5t ( !  
,european  m9d1 ) all its action &      
reaction propagat$ d[nw>ds1 &  wa/+     
c5turies on ph5om5a t might co-exi/4    
,h5ce=? x may  op5 out 9 all dim5sions  
at once1 & fill1 z its own = ev]1 !     
:ole space ( true ?\ght into :i* its pa/
 increm5ts h borne  x4 ,sects1 no d\bt1 
& s*ools1 w cont9ue to arise on !       
outskirts ( ! intellectual realm1       
possess$ by p>tial  inspirations2 b !   
_w's c5tre ( gravity w be m & m  occupi$
 by m9ds t c at once balance & reta9 ^! 
m>g9al  excesses1 t c r\nd (f ! sph]e by
 inn] =ce ( reason1 &1  disp5s+ ) ! out]
 m\ld ( sac]dotal compression1 let !    
tides fl[ free1 & ! w9ds bl[ /rong1 )\t 
al>m = !  et]nal h>mony4 ,?is is ! =m 9 
:i* nature w re/ore1 &  ,god approve1 a 

,ca?olic cons5t4    ,! idea we h        
endeavor$ to give ( ! g5esis ( ,*ri/ian 
doctr9e1 & ! law ( its vicissitudes1 is 
(f]$ only z  conv5i5tly di/ribut+ !     
subjective s\rces ( fai?4 ,x _c  be     
appli$ to ! ph5om5a ( p>ticul> c\ntries 
ap>t f ample  hi/orical k ( ! concurr5t 
social & political  conditions1 )\t :i* 
! mo/ accurate clews to ! natural       
hi/ory ( ?\ght c only mislead z !       
int]pret] ( concrete  ev5ts4 ,:51 =     
in/ance1 we look ar\nd u at home1 & seek
 =  ! ,engli% repres5tatives ( ! sev]al 
t5d5cies expla9$ above1  we may1 no     
d\bt1 f9d !m "h & !re1 b !y are s f> f  
exhau/+ ! facts ( our "t1 t "s ( ! mo/  
conspicu\s  p>ties--z ! ,anglicans--seem
 provid$ ) no place at all4 ,!          
obscurity fir/ beg9s to cle> away :5 we 
rememb] t 9 ,engl&  ,s*ism w5t be=e     
,re=mation4 ,! aim ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 0    
simply to  deta* & nationalize ! ,*ur* 9
 8 dom9ions2 to give x insul>  integrity
 in/ead ( prov9cial dep5d5ce2 & c\ld ?is
 h be5  done )\t m$dl+ ) ! sy/em (      

,ca?olic doctr9e at all1 !  s*eme ( fai?
 w\ld h be5 pres]v$ entire4 ,:ile ,lu!r 
& !  ,cont95tal oppon5ts ( ,rome 7      
fai?ful to ! idea ( ! unity  (          
,*ri/5dom1 & 7 call+ out = a g5]al      
c\ncil to re/ore  x by a v]dict on      
d\btful po9ts ( fai?1 ! ,engli% mon>*1  
undi/urb$ by d\bt or scruple1 broke (f f
 ,rome1 & de/roy$  ! traditions (       
c5tralization by tak+ ! ecclesia/ic     
jurisdiction into 8 own h&s & /opp+ its 
passage ( ! seas4  ,9 ! new movem5t ( ! 
"t1 ,engl& t5d$ to become a petty       
papacy1 /ill unre=m$2 ,europe s\ght a   
univ]sal *ur* re=m$4  ,nei!r aim admitt$
 ( realization4 ,to repudiate ! supreme 
pontiff1  & sub/itute a civil head1     
involv$ a fatal brea* 9 ! sac]dotal     
sy/em1 & c>ri$ ) x inevitable dep>tures 
f ! integrity  ( ,ca?olic dogma2 s t    
re=mation 0 f\nd insep>able f  s*ism4 ,&
 :5 no c\ncil1 ackn[l$g$ z univ]sal1 0  
call$ to  give au?oritative settlem5t1  
arrangem5ts ad int]im became            
consolidat$1 provisional rights grew    

into prescriptive2 ) !  spectacle (     
v>iety1 & ! ta/e ( fre$om1 ! idea (     
unity  fad$ away1 till ! co-exi/5ce (   
two *ur*es )9 "o l& &  "o ,*ri/5dom     
pass$ into a necessity1 & re=mation     
prov$  impossible )\t a s*ism4 ,b1      
not)/&+ ?is p>tial  approximation ( !   
,engli% & ! ,cont95tal movem5ts1 !      
traces  rema9 indelible t _! po9t (     
dep>ture 0 f opposite ends4  ,9 its     
orig9 & e>lie/ traditions1 9 ! basis (  
its  con/itution & wor%ip1 ! ,*ur* (    
,engl& has no?+ :atev]  to d )          
,prote/antism2 x is b ! ,we/m9/]        
,ca?olic ,*ur*  in/ead ( ! ,roman       
,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,au?oritative doctr9e1  
sacram5tal grace1 sac]dotal m$iation1   
are all reta9$2 &  ?r\gh\t ! :ole (     
,h5ry's reign1 :ile ! new laws 7 work+  
!mselves into habits1 ! sev5 sacram5ts1 
! communion 9 "o  k9d1 ! ,ave ,m>ia1 !  
invocation ( sa9ts1 ) ! doctr9es (      
transub/antiation & purgatory1 rema9$ )9
 ! circle (  recogniz$ or?odoxy4 ,!     
impell+ & regulative idea ( ! :ole      

*ange 0 t ( a nationalization (         
,ca?olicism4 ,?is orig9al  asc5d5cy ( ! 
national ov] ! !ological feel+ 0 nev]   
lo/2 & ?\gh *annels 7 m & m op5$1 ?r\gh 
!  sympa?ies ( exiles & ! int]c\rse (   
s*ol>s1 = ! infusion  ( ,cont95tal      
notions1 yet ! =m giv5 to ! ,*ur* r5d]$ 
x  n v susceptible to ! new le>n+2 ^:   
admission1 s f> z  x took place1 0 r    
induc$ by political conception ?an made 
9  ! int]e/s ( univ]sal tru?4 ,! pres5t 
,anglicans repres5t !  fir/ type ( !    
,engli% s*ism2 & ! ,high ,*ur* 9 g5]al  
embodies ! di/+ui%+ national s5tim5t ( !
 ,re=mation 9  ?is c\ntry1 z comp>$ ) ! 
cosmopolitan "* ( !  ,cont95tal religi\s
 *ange4 ,doctr9e is univ]sal1           
adm9i/ration  & jurisdiction are local4 
,:]e ! =m] becomes ! bond (  sympa?y1 z 
among ! ,evangelic ,prote/ants1 x unites
 m5 toge!r  by ties t are irrespective (
 ! limits ( c\ntry1 &  subord9ates      
special patriotisms to ! int]e/s ( a m  
compreh5sive frat]nity4 ,:]e ! latt]    
become ! objects (  zeal1 a flavor ( !  

soil m+les itself ) ! s5tim5ts (  honor1
 & a peculi> loyalty conc5trates itself 
on ! inn] circles  ( duty1 (t5 ) !      
n>r[e/ capacity ( diffusion beyond4     
,h5ce  ! int5sely ,engli% feel+ :i* has 
always prevail$ among !                 
p>o*ial--especially ! rural--cl]gy ( !  
,e/abli%m5t1 & !  p :o =m _!            
congregations4 ,!y con/itute ! v core ( 
our insul> society1 & ! reta9+ c5tre (  
our hi/orical  *>act]i/ics4 ,_!         
admirations1 _! prejudices1 _! virtues1 
_! ambitions1 are all national4 ,_!     
int]e/ 9 dogma is n  intellectually     
active1 or provocative ( any proselyt+  
zeal1 & is  subs]vi5t to ! practical aim
 ( giv+ t]ritorial action to !  religi\s
 in/itutions "u _! *>ge4 ,_! deal+s are 
less  ) ! individual's solit>y s\l1 ?an 
) ! sev]al social  classes 9 _! mutual  
relations2 & to m$iate betwe5 ! g5try  &
 ! poor1 to keep 9 ord] ! s*ool1 !      
workh\se1 & !  village *>ities1--n      
=gett+ ! obligation to w>d (f  ,me?odi/s
 & volunt>ies1#b--;con/itute ! approv$  

circle (  cl]ical duties4 ,_! v         
antipa?ies1 unlike ^? ( ,prote/ant      
zealots1 are less !ological ?an         
political2 !y hate ,roman  ,ca?olics    
*iefly z a sort ( =eign]s1 :o h no prop]
  bus9ess "h1 & ,diss5t]s z a sort (    
rebels1 :o create  di/urbance ) _!      
discont5ts2 & 7 old ,engl& well rid (   
!m bo?1 ! he>t ( h] citiz5%ip1 !y       
believe1 w\ld be  s\nd]4 ,!y /&1 inde$1 
9 a curi\s position1 pl$g$ to hold a    
pr\d ,anglican isolation betwe5 two     
cosmopolitan int]e/s1--!  ,popi% !ocracy
 & ! ,evangelical dogma1--refus+ ob$i5ce
 to  ,rome1 yet decl9+ ! alliance (     
=eign ,prote/ants4 ,_! enmity  to !     
,papal sy/em is q a diff]5t s5tim5t f t 
:i*  animates ,exet] ,hall2 !y d n d5y !
 absolute legitimacy ( !  eld]          
corporation 9 g5]al1 b only its relative
 legitimacy "h2  & ,scotti% rav+s aga9/ 
x z ,babylon & ,anti*ri/ (f5d  !m m ?an 
! confessional & ! mass4 ,twice 9 _!    
hi/ory--"u ! ,/u>ts & 9 our own day--h  
!y seem$ to  =get _! de/9y1 & make      

ov]tures to ! ,vatican2 9 bo?  in/ances 
x 0 :5 ,puritanism _h ?reat5$ to take   
possession (  ! ,*ur*1 & r$uce x to a   
f$]al memb] ( an ,evangelical  alliance2
 & if its sep>ate integrity 7 9 p]il1 !y
 _h r  fl+ x back into ! ,apo/olic      
mon>*y1 ?an enroll x 9 !  ,g5evan       
league4 ,b ! fir/ real sight ( dang] f !
 ,papal side  has dissipat$ ?is         
reaction>y incl9ation1 & rek9dl$ !      
in/9ct ( local indep5d5ce4 ,?us1 9 our  
,*ur*1 ideal int]e/s  & purely religi\s 
conceptions h held ! second place to a  
pr$om9at+ nationalism4 ,! ,*ur* has     
embodi$ & h&$ d[n !  lead+ s5tim5t ( !  
,tudor times2 & ?\gh n guiltless (  %>e 
9 _m a ,/u>t trea*]y1 & (t5 cruel to !  
/iff-neck$  recusant1 has1 on ! :ole1   
be5 true to ! ,engli% feel+1 t  ! ,pope 
0 too great a prie/1 & ,calv9 too long a
 prea*]4    ,! reason !n is evid5t :y ! 
,*ur* ( ,engl& _c be  ref]r$ to any ( ! 
heads ( classification we h giv52 nei!r 
co9cid+ ) ,romanism1 nor exemplify+     
di/9ctively any ( !  t5d5cies spr++     

successively out ( ! dis9tegration (    
,ca?olic dogma4 ,x arose out ( an       
ecclesia/ical revolt2 o!r  communions1  
out ( a !ological aspiration4 ,its      
orig9al conception  involv$ no s]i\s    
modification ( belief1 no inv5tion or   
recov]y  ( /range usages1 b a m]e       
sep>ation ( ! isl& bran* f !  ,roman    
/em1 t x might /rike root & be z a      
native tree ( life4  ,! fir/ alt]ations 
9 doctr9e 7 slight1 & m]ely incid5tal   
to ?is prim>y end3 & ! :ole am\nt (     
*ange1 in/ead ( be+  det]m9$ by !       
intellectual dictator%ip ( a ,lu!r or a 
,calv91  0 ! illogical result ( social  
=ces1 seek+ ! equilibrium (  practical  
compromise4 ,! ph5om5on !re=e :i* we    
obs]v$ 9  ! eld] ,*ur* is repeat$ 9 ?is 
y\ng] (f%oot3 ! sev]al  elem5ts ( fai?  
co-exi/ 7?\gh 9 greatly spoil$          
proportions7  )\t unity or natural      
coh]5ce2 & ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 z !         
depository ( a cre$1 occupies no place 9
 ! hi/ory ( ! human  m9d3 its individual
 great m5 mu/ be put "h or !re 9 !      

records ( ?\ght1 )\t reg>d to ! accid5t 
( _!  ecclesia/ical position4 ,! "o real
 idea :i* has p]man5tly  inspir$ its    
cl]gy & support]s is t ( nationalism 9  
religion4 ,to ! "t ( ! ,re/oration !y   
attempt$1 s9ce !n  !y h pret5d$1 to     
repres5t ! nation 9 its fai? &  wor%ip4 
,once1 _! aim appe>$ to be a noble      
possibility1  /ruggl+ /ill & unrealiz$1 
b unrefut$4 ,n[1 ?\s&s (  ,non-con=mi/  
*apels proclaim its mean+ gone1 & its   
language an  affectation & an insol5ce4 
,! ,engli% ,*ur* has become an out]     
reality )\t an inn] idea4    ,9 contra/ 
) ! insul> feel+ pr$om9ant 9 ! ,engli%  
s*ism1 we h plac$ ! cosmopolitan zeal ( 
! =eign  ,puritanism4 ,) ?is1 h[ev]1 0  
comb9$ ! v opposite pole  ( s5tim5t1--a 
c]ta9 egoism & lonel9ess 9 religion1 f  
:i* h fl[$ "s ( ! mo/ important         
*>act]i/ics (  ,prote/antism4 ,hav+     
flung away1 z mis]able quack]ies1 !     
hi]>*ical prescriptions = s\ls oppress$ 
) s91 ,lu!r fell  back ^u an act (      
subjective fai? 9 place ( ! ,*ur*'s     

objective works4 ,= ! corporation he    
sub/itut$ ! individual3  :om he put 9   
imm$iate1 in/ead ( m$iate1 relation )   
,*ri/ &  ,god4 ,! ,ca?olic's unbloody   
sacrifice _h no efficacy1 no exi/5ce1   
)\t ! prie/2 ! ,lu!ran's bloody         
sacrifice 0 a realiz$  hi/orical fact1  
to be appropriat$ sep>ately by e        
believ]'s  p]sonal tru/4 ,x 0 n1 !re=e1 
! ,*ur* :i*1 9 its  corporate capacity1 
occupi$ ! prior place1 & held ! deposit 
(  div9e grace = di/ribution to its     
memb]s2 b x 0 ! private  p]son t        
con/itut$ ! sacr$ unit1 & a plurality ( 
believ]s  suppli$ ! factors ( ! ,*ur*4  
,! grace :i* be=e c\ld n  rea* !        
individual except by transit ?r\gh      
accr$it$ (ficials1  n[ became directly  
accessible to ea* s\l3 & only aft] x _h 
be5 receiv$ by a suffici5t numb] to =m a
 society1 did !  conditions ( spiritual 
(fice & organization exi/4 ,?is ess5tial
  dep5d5ce ( ! :ole ^u ! p>ts1 in/ead ( 
! p>ts ^u !  :ole1 is ! mo/ radical &   
p[]ful peculi>ity ( ,prote/antism4  ,a  

sy/em :i* raises ! individual to !      
prim>y place ( religi\s  importance1    
places him ne>e/ to ! sup]natural en]gy 
( ,god1 &  makes him ! liv+ /one )\t :i*
 temple & alt> _c be  built1 naturally  
draws to x m9ds ( m>k$ vigor1 & tra9s m5
 9  self-subsi/+ habits4 ,by giv+ scope 
to ! =ces ( private  "*1 x sets 9 action
 ! real spr+s ( heal?y progress1 &      
happily ) su* int5sity z to defy ! *ecks
 x (t5 seeks to  impose 9 lat] moods (  
rep5tant al>m4 ,?is emancipation ( !    
p]sonal life f !ocratic control1 at fir/
 a*iev$ 9 connection  ) ! doctr9e (     
ju/ification1 0 sure to pres5t itself 9 
o!r =ms4 ,9 its spiritual application   
,prote/ant egoism assumes  ! %ape (     
reliance on inn] fai?2 9 its political1 
(  volunt>yism2 9 its intellectual1 (   
free inquiry & private  judgm5t4 ,^!    
sev]al directions may be tak5 sep>ately 
or  toge!r1 b :]e1 z 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1
 n "o ( !m is  unambigu\sly m>k$1 ! v   
pr9ciple ( re=m$ ,*ri/ianity is         
unsecur$1 & ,prote/antism is pres5t1 n  

by *>t]1 b by social  accid5t4          
,puritanism ev]y:]e--con=m+ or          
noncon=m+1 ,engli%  or                  
,cont95tal--exhibits ! fir/ direction2  
,evangelical ,diss5t]s  add ! second2   
:ile ,unit>ians occupy ! ?ird1--n p]haps
  completely1 & n altoge!r exclusively1 
b *>act]i/ically  nev]!less4 ,= x is    
impossible to unite ! or?odox ) !       
intellectual egoism4 ,s long z ! inn]   
fai?1 :i* is !  presum$ condition (     
ju/ification1 includes a controv]t$     
doctr9e1  l ! s*eme ( ,atonem5t1 ! ne$ (
 fai? imposes a limit on !  "r (        
judgm5t3 & y are only free to ?9k till y
 %[  symptoms ( ?9k+ wrong4 ,b :5 !     
sacrificial ,*ri/ianity has  pass$ into 
! e?ical1 & no o!r condition ( h>mony ) 
,god is  laid d[n ?an purity ( affection
 & fidelity ( w1 !n hone/  ?\ght c p]il 
no salvation1 & ! devotion ( ! intellect
 to  tru? & ! he>t to grace is a divid$ 
allegiance no m4    ,x 0 = "s "t d\btful
 h[ f> ?is ,prote/ant egoism 0  likely  
to g4 ,lu!r 0 cle> & positive t x 0 fai?

 t  ju/ifi$2 & fet*+ ?is doctr9e out ( a
 deep p]sonal  exp]i5ce1 he paid little 
respect to any "o :o contradict$ x1 &   
regulat$ by x 8 fir/ *oice ( religi\s   
au?orities4 ,l$ by ?is  clew1 he arriv$ 
at results /rangely at v>iance ) mod]n  
canons4  ,he nei!r accept$ z a /&>d !   
:ole ,bible1 nor at fir/  reject$ ! :ole
 tradition ( ! ,*ur*2 loosely attempt+  
to  res]ve ! ,augu/9ian au?orities1 & to
 repudiate ! ,dom9ican4  ,:5 he _h      
r5\nc$ altoge!r ! appeal to c\ncils &   
patri/ic  lore1 x 0 9 favor1 n ( !      
ext]nal ,scriptures1 unconditionally    
tak5 z ! rule ( fai?1 b ( ! private _s (
 ! ,*ri/ian  read]1 :o 0 himself made k+
 & prie/1 & c\ld n only  f9d ! mean+1 b 
pron\nce ^u ! relative wor?1 ( !        
canonical books4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,re=m]   
made v free )  portions ( ! ,old        
,te/am5t1 & ) ! m ,judaic elem5ts (  !  
,new1--! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 t (     
,james1 & !  ,apocalypse2 & av[$ly did  
?is because he dislik$ ! flavor (  _!   
doctr9e1 & felt its v>iance f ! ,paul9e 

gospel4 ,he ?us  tamp]$ ) 8 c\rt be=e he
 br\ght =w>d 8 cause1 &  incapacitat$ ! 
judges ^: v]dict he fe>$4 ,9 %ort1 !    
religi\s life ( 8 own s\l 0 too int5se &
 p[]ful to be  prevail$ ov] by any      
writt5 ^w3 he appropriat$ :at 0         
cong5ial1 & ?rew away ! re/4 ,uneasy    
relations 7 ?us  e/abli%$ betwe5 !      
subjective rule ( fai? f\nd 9 !         
believ]'s own m9d1 & ! objective /&>d ( 
a docum5t>y  revelation3 !y 7 soon      
con/itut$1 & h ev] s9ce rema9$  rival   
au?orities1 comm&+ ! allegiance (       
diff]5t ord]s (  m9ds4 ,! va/ majority (
 ,prote/ants1 ( less pr(\nd &  tumultu\s
 inn] life ?an ,lu!r1 & less kn[+ h[ to 
see _!  way ?r\gh x1 subsid$ into       
exclusive recognition ( ! sacr$  writ+s2
 d5y+ alike ! regulative au?ority ei!r (
 *ur*  c\ncils or ( ! private s\l4 ,9 e 
bran* & d]ivative ( !  ,g5evan          
,re=mation1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( bo? !
 ,puritan  & ! ,arm9ian ,*ur*es1 a      
rigor\s ,scripturalism prevails2 & !    
,bible is us$ z a code or legislative   

text-book1 :i* yields1 on  m]e          
int]pretation1 v]dicts )\t appeal on e  
subject1 :e!r  doctr9e or duty1 ( :i* x 
speaks4 ,b ,lu!r's spiritual  en?usiasm 
k9dl$ a fire t he sc>ce c\ld qu5*2 &    
:ile he  himself1 flung into p]petual   
conflicts ) oppon5ts1 0 oblig$  m & m to
 ref] to evid5ce ext]nal to 8           
p]sonality1 o!rs  _h le>n$ f him to look
 ^u _! own s\ls z ! !atre (  consci\s   
/rife betwe5 heav5 & hell1 & to         
recognize ! voice  ( inspiration !re4   
,c>l/adt 0 ! fir/ to cat* ! flame (  8  
tea*]'s burn+ exp]i5ce1 &1 t\*$ by      
prophetic  consci\sness1 to set ! ,_s   
above ! ,^w4 ,lu!r1 s (t5  recall$ f !  
t5d5cies ( 8 own turbul5t tea*+ by see+ 
_! mis*iefs realiz$ 9 o!r m51 in/antly  
turn$ on ,c>l/adt  ) 8 ov]:elm+ scorn3  
,! _s ( our new prophet flies v  high   
inde$3 't is an audaci\s _s1 t w\ld eat 
up ! ,holy  ,gho/1 fea!rs & all4 ',!    
,bible8'--sne] ^! fell[s1--',bibel1     
,bubel1 ,babel6' ,& n only d !y reject !
 ,bible ?us  contemptu\sly1 b !y say !y 

w\ld reject ,god too1 if he 7 n  to     
visit !m z he did 8 prophets4 ,c>l/adt  
_h got hold ( a  doctr9e t 0 too mu* = 8
 ill-balanc$ m9d1 & ,lu!r  easily       
de/roy$ 8 repute4 ,b a pr9ciple _h be5  
/>t$ :i*  has nev] be5 dormant s9ce2 ! v
 pr9ciple :i* aft]w>ds  con/itut$ !     
,society ( ,fri5ds1 & f9ds its be/      
exposition 9  ! writ+s ( _! admirable   
apologi/1 ,b>clay2 & :i* 9 our  times   
reappe>s 9 m philosophic guise1 & fights
 its old battles  aga9 z ! doctr9e (    
religi\s intuition4 ,no p]iod ( awak5$  
fai? & s5tim5t has be5 )\t "s increas+  
t9cture ( ?is  p]suasion2 & "u modifi$  
=ms1 ) m or less admixture (  ! ord9>y  
,puritan elem5ts1 x has play$ a great "p
 among !  ,quieti/s 9 ,france1 !        
,moravians 9 ,g]many1 & ! ,me?odi/s 9   
,engl&4 ,9 all ^!1 f> z !y are f be+    
committ$ to !  notion ( an inn] light1  
spiritualism has pr$om9at$ ov]          
,scripturalism1 & p]man5t life 9 ! ,_s  
has engag$ !  affections m ?an !        
transition into ! adoption ( fai?4    ,9

 ?is endeavor to lay out ! gr\nd-plan ( 
mod]n ,*ri/ian  developm5t1 & trace ^u x
 ! *ief l9es bo? ( psy*ological &  (    
hi/orical di/9ction1 our design is to   
prep>e ! way = a s]ies  ( sket*es       
exhibit+ ! sects & types ( religion 9   
,engl&4 ,x is  sc>cely possible to      
notice ! ph5om5a pres5t "h & to-day  )\t
 ref]r+ to _! antec$5ts 9 a prior age1  
_!  c\nt]p>ts 9 o!r l&s1 & _! p]man5t   
pr9ciples 9 human  nature2 & if our *>t 
be tol]ably correct1 our future c\rse w 
be  r5d]$ less indet]m9ate by !         
relations & po9ts ( comp>ison  :i* h be5
 e/abli%$4 ,! age1 & ev5 ! h\r1 is teem+
 )  new int]e/s & pregnant auguries 9   
relation to ! highe/ elem5t  ( human    
well-be+4 ,f a desire to approa* ^! 9 a 
temp] ( j  & rev]5tial appreciation1 we 
h ab/a9$ f record+ ! fir/  impression ( 
!m1 & s\ght r1 by a prelim9>y discipl9e1
 to  detect "s crit]ia by :i* prejudices
 may be *eck$1 t5d5cies be  e/imat$1 &  
criticism acquire a clew4               
,,footnotes3    #a ,! title :i* ,augu/e 

,comte gives himself 9 8 ,cate*isme     
,positivi/e4--,preface1 p4 xl4    #b ,! 
ze/ ) :i* ?is ecclesia/ical g>rison-duty
 is sometimes  p]=m$1 h>dly comports ) !
 traditional dignity ( ! ,anglican      
g5tleman & s*ol>4 ,we rememb] an incid5t
 :i* occurr$ 9 a  village situat$ among 
! hills ( "o ( our nor!rn dioceses4 ,on 
a  f9e summ] ev5+ we _h gone1 at ! close
 ( ! aft]noon s]vice1  = a /roll ?r\gh !
 fields ov]look+ ! valley4 ,:5 we _h    
walk$ half a mile or s1 an extraord9>y  
d9 arose f ! direction  ( ! village1    
s\nd+ l no?+ human or in/rum5tal1 l>ynx1
  catgut1 or brass1 ?\gh occasionally   
m+l$ ) an und5iable note  f "s %\t+     
,/5tor4 ,x 0 evid5t1 ?r\gh ! trees1 t a 
cr[d 0 collect$ on ! village gre52 & n  
less s1 t a f>m]  & 8 wife1 :o 7 look+  
on f a /ile h>d by1 und]/ood !  mean+ ( 
! sc5e bel[4 ,on ask+ :at all ! hubbub 0
 ab\t1 we  7 told by ! good woman3 ,x's 
all ( our p>son1 t's bang+ out  !       
,me?ody wi' ! tae-bo>d4 ,be+ curi\s 9   
ecclesia/ical  rese>*es1 we ha/5$ d[n ! 

hill1 9 spite ( ! repulsion (  increas+ 
noise4 ,on "o side ( ! gre5 0 a deal    
table1 f :i*  a field-prea*] 0 hold+ =? 
) passionate b fruitless en]gy2  = on ! 
o!r side1 & at ! back ( ! cr[d1 0 !     
p>o*ial  man ( ,god1 :o _h issu$ f 8    
p>sonage1 arm$ ) its l>ge/  tea-tray & !
 hall-door key1 & 0 batt]+ (f ! ,japan 9
 !  s]vice ( or?odoxy4 ,no milit>y music
 c\ld m effectually  neutralize ! %rieks
 ( battle4 ,! m ! evangeli/ bell[$1 !   
fa/] w5t ! p>i% gong4 ,x 0 impossible to
 confute su* a drum  ecclesia/ic4 ,! man
 0 n easily put d[n2 b ! triumph 0      
complete2 & ! ,me?ody's brass 0 fairly  
beat5 out ( ! field  by ! ,*ur*man's t94
          ,,*ri/ianity ,,)\t ,,prie/ ,,&
 ,,)\t ,,ritual4        ,to :om com+1 z 
unto a liv+ /one1 disall[$ inde$ ( m51  
b *os5 ( ,god1 & preci\s2 ye also1 z    
lively /ones1 are      built up a       
spiritual h\se1 a holy prie/hood1 to (f]
 up spiritual      sacrifices1          
acceptable to ,god by ,jesus ,*ri/4--#a 
,pet] ii4 #d1 #e4      ,! =mation (     

human society1 & ! in/itution (         
prie/hood1  mu/ be ref]r$ to ! same     
causes & ! same date4 ,! e>lie/         
communities ( ! _w appe> to h _h _!     
orig9 & _!  cem5t1 n 9 any greg>i\s     
in/9ct1 nor 9 m]e social affections1    
mu* less 9 any prud5tial reg>d to !     
advantages ( co-op]ation1  b 9 a b9d+   
religi\s s5tim5t1 submitt+ to ! same    
guidance1  & express+ itself 9 ! same   
wor%ip4 ,z no tie c be m  /rong1 s is   
none m primitive1 ?an ?is agreem5t      
respect+ :at  is holy & div9e4 ,9 simple
 & patri>*al ages1 inde$1 :5 !  feel+s (
 v5]ation _h n be5 set aside by analysis
 into a  little corn] ( ! "*1 b spread  
!mselves ov] ! :ole  ( life1 & mix$ x up
 ) daily wond]1 ?is bond compris$ all  !
 =ces t c suppress ! selfi% &           
disorganiz+ passions1  & compact a      
multitude ( m5 toge!r4 ,x 0 n1 z at     
pres5t1 to  h simply ! same op9ions 7?+s
 ( q mod]n gr[?1 !  brood ( scepticism72
 b to h ! same fa!rs1 ! same  tradition1
 ! same spee*1 ! same l&1 ! same foes1 !

 same  prie/1 ! same ,god4 ,no?+ did man
 fe>1 or tru/1 or love1 or  desire1 t   
did n belong1 by "s aff9ity1 to 8 fai?4 
,nor _h  he any book to keep ! preci\s  
deposit = him2 & if he _h1 he  w\ld nev]
 h ?\ght ( s frail a vehicle = s great a
  treasure4 ,x 0 m natural to put x into
 /ructures holl[$ 9  ! fa/ m\nta91 or   
built ( transplant$ rocks :i* only a    
giant  age c\ld /ir2 & to t5ant ^! )    
mighty hi]>*ies1 :o  %\ld gu>d _!       
sanctity1 &1 by an undy+ memory1 make _!
  my/]ies et]nal4 ,h5ce1 ! fir/ humaniz]
 ( m5 0 _!  wor%ip2 ! fir/ lead]s (     
nations1 ! sac]dotal ca/e2 ! fir/       
triumph ( art1 ! colossal temple2 ! fir/
 ef=t to pres]ve an  idea produc$ a     
record ( some?+ sacr$2 & ! fir/         
civilization  01 z ! la/ w be1 ! bir? ( 
religion4    ,! primitive aim ( wor%ip  
und\bt$ly 01 to act ^u !  s5tim5ts (    
,god2 at fir/1 by su* natural &         
intelligible means z  produce favorable 
impressions on ! m9d ( a fell[-man1--by 
pres5ts & p]suasion1 & :atev] is        

expressive ( grateful &  rev]5tial      
affections4 ,abel1 ! fir/ %eph]d1 (f]$ !
 produce  ( 8 flock2 ,ca91 ! fir/ f>m]1 
! fruits ( 8 l&2 &  :ile devotion 0 s   
simple 9 its modes1 e "o w\ld be 8 own  
pontiff1 & h 8 own alt>4 ,b soon1 ! p>5t
 w\ld inevitably  (ficiate = 8 family2 !
 patri>*1 = 8 tribe4 ,) !  natural =ms  
dictat$ by pres5t feel+s1 traditional   
me?ods w\ld  m+le _! contributions f !  
pa/2 po/ures & times1 ge/ures  &        
localities1 once indiff]5t1 w\ld become 
consecrat$ by  v5]able habit2 & s long z
 _! orig9 0 un=gott51 !y  w\ld add to ! 
significance1 :ile !y less5$ !          
simplicity1 (  wor%ip4 ,cu/om1 h[ev]1   
be+ ! gr[? ( "t1 t5ds to a  tyrann\s &  
bewild]+ complexity3 =ms1 orig9ally     
natural1 !n  symbolical1 end 9 be+      
arbitr>y2 sugge/ive ( no?+1 except to  !
 initiat$2 yet1 if connect$ ) religion1 
s sanctifi$ by !  association1 t x      
appe>s sacrilege to desi/ f _!          
employm5t2 & :5 _! mean+ is lo/1 !y     
assume _! place1  n among empty         

ge/iculations1 b among ! my/ical signs  
by :i*  e>? communes ) heav54 ,! vivid  
picture-writ+ ( ! e>ly  wor%ip1 fill$ ) 
liv+ attitudes1 & sket*$ 9 ! fre%e/     
colors ( emotion1 expla9$ itself to e   
eye1 & 0 op5 to  e h&4 ,to ?is succe$$ a
 piety1 :i* express$ itself 9           
symbolical figures1 veil+ x utt]ly f    
/rang]s1 b  intelligible & impressive   
/ill to ! s\l ( national tradition4     
,?is1 h[ev]1 pass$ aga9 into a language 
( arbitr>y *>act]s1  9 :i* ! h]d ( m5   
saw sacr$ness )\t mean+2 & ! use  ( :i* 
mu/ be consign$ to a class sep>at$ = its
 /udy4 ,h5ce  ! orig9 ( ! prie/ & 8     
pr(ession2 ! cons]vator ( a  wor%ip no  
long] natural1 b leg5d>y & my/ical2     
skilful enactor  ( rites t spake ) sil5t
 ge/iculation to ! heav5s2  int]pret] ( 
! wants ( m5 into ! div9e language ( !  
gods4  ,n till ! p[]s above _h ceas$ to 
hold famili> conv]se )  ! e>?1 & 9 _!   
di/ance _h become deaf & dumb to !      
common tongue ( m51 did ! m$iat+ prie/  
arise2--ne$$ !n to  conduct ! f+]-spee* 

( c]emony1 :]eby ! desire ( !  creature 
took %ape be=e ! eye ( ! ,creator4      
,obs]ve1 !n1 ! true idea ( ,,prie/ &    
,,ritual4 ,! ,prie/ is !  repres5tative 
( m5 be=e ,god2 commission$ on behalf ( 
human  nature to int]c$e ) ! div9e4 ,he 
be>s a message upw>ds1  f e>? to heav52 
8 p be+ bel[1 8 influ5ce above4 ,he     
takes ! fe>s ( ! weak1 & ! cries ( !    
p]i%+1 & sets  !m ) avail+ supplication 
be=e ,him t is able to help4 ,he  takes 
! s9s & remorse ( ! guilty1 & leaves !m 
)  expiat+ tribute at ! feet ( ! av]t$  
,deity4 ,he gu>ds !  av5ues t lead f !  
mortal to ! immortal1 & )\t 8           
int]position ! creature is cut (f f 8   
,creator4 ,)\t 8  m$iation no           
transaction betwe5 !m c take place1 & ! 
_s  ( a man mu/ live z an outlaw f ! _w 
invisible & holy4  ,!re are means (     
propitiation :i* he alone has au?ority  
to  employ2 p[]s ( p]suasion conc$$ to  
no o!r2 a my/ic access to  ! spr+s (    
div9e b5ignity1 by outw>d rites :i* 8   
manipulation mu/ consecrate1 or =ms (   

spee* :i* 8 lips mu/  recomm5d4 ,^!     
c]emonies are ! implem5ts ( 8 (fice & ! 
s\rces ( 8 p[]2 ! magic by :i* he is    
?\ght to ga9  admission to ! w above1 & 
really w9s rule ov] human c\nsels  bel[4
 ,z !y are suppos$ to *ange ! relation (
 ,god to man1 n  by visible or natural  
op]ation1 n 7= example7 by sugge/ion (  
new ?\ghts1 & excitem5t ( new           
dispositions 9 ! wor%ipp]1  b by secret 
& my/]i\s ag5cy1 !y are simply spells ( 
a  dignifi$ ord]4 ,7 we !n to speak )   
sev]e exactitude1 we  %\ld say1 a       
,ritual is a sy/em ( consecrat$ *>ms2 & 
!  ,prie/1 ! great magician :o disp5ses 
!m4    ,s long z any idea is reta9$ (   
my/ically efficaci\s rites1  consign$   
solely & au?oritatively to c]ta9 h&s1   
?is def9ition  _c be escap$4 ,!         
c]emonies may h rational in/ruction &   
natural wor%ip app5d$ to !m2 & ^!       
additional elem5ts may  give !m a title 
to true respect4 ,! ord] ( m5 appo9t$ to
  adm9i/] !m may h o!r (fices & nobl]   
duties to p]=m1  r5d]+ !m1 if fai?ful1  

wor?y ( a j & rev]5tial  atta*m5t4 ,b 9 
s f> z1 by an exclusive & unnatural     
efficacy1 !y br+ ab\t a *ang$ relation  
betwe5 ,god & man1 !  ,ritual is an     
incantation1 & ! ,prie/ is an en*ant]4  
,to ?is sac]dotal devotion !re          
necess>ily atta* c]ta9  *>act]i/ic      
s5tim5ts1 bo? moral & religi\s1 :i* give
 x a  di/9ctive influ5ce on human "*1 & 
adapt x to p>ticul>  /ages (            
civilization4 ,x cle>ly sev]s !         
wor%ipp]s by "o remove  f ,god4 ,he is a
 ,be+1 ext]nal to !m1 di/ant f !m1      
p]sonally  unapproa*able by !m2 _! ?\ght
 mu/ travel to rea* !  ,almighty2 !y mu/
 look af> = ! ,mo/ ,holy2 !y dwell      
!mselves  )9 ! f9ite1 & mu/ ask a =eign 
introduction to ! ,inf9ite4  ,he is n ) 
!m z a private guide1 b 9 ! remot]      
wat*-t[]s  ( creation1 z ! public       
inspector ( _! life2 n pres5t =         
p]petual communion1 b to be visit$ 9    
abs5ce by /at$ messages (  =m & pray]4  
,& t ,god dwells 9 ?is cold & royal     
sep>ation  induces ! feel+1 t man is too

 mean to t\* him2 t a  consecrat$       
int]v5tion is requir$1 9 ord] to "p     
,deity f !  defil+ contact ( humanity4  
,:y else am ,i re/rict$ f unlimit$      
p]sonal access to my ,creator1 & driv5  
to ano!r 9 my transactions  ) him8 ,& s1
 9 ?is sy/em1 our nature appe>s 9       
contra/1 n 9  alliance1 ) ! div9e1 & ^? 
views ( x are favor$ :i* make  !        
opposition /rong2 its puny dim5sions1   
its swift decad5ce1 its  poor           
self-flatt]ies1 its deg5]ate virtues1   
its giant guilt1 become  famili> to !   
?\ght & lips2 & life1 cut (f f sympa?y )
  ! godlike1 falls t[>ds ! level (      
melan*oly1 or ! s9k (  epicurism1 or !  
abjectness ( vic>i\s reliance on !      
prie/4  ,wor%ip1 too1 mu/ h = its *ief  
aim1 to ?r[ (f ! load ( ill2  to rid !  
m9d ( s9 & %ame1 & ! lot ( h>d%ip &     
sorr[2  = pr9cipally to ^! disburd5+    
(fices d prie/s & rituals  pr(ess       
!mselves adapt$2--& :o1 inde$1 c\ld p\r 
=? !  privacy ( love1 & peace1 & tru/1  
?r\gh ! cumbr\sness (  c]emonies1 & !   

pomp\sness ( a sacr$ (fic]8 ,! piety (  
su* a  religion is ?us a refuge = !     
weakness1 n an outp\r+ ( !  /r5g?1 ( !  
s\l3 x takes away ! incubus ( d>kness1  
)\t  %$d+ ! light ( heav52 lifts (f !   
nightm>e horrors ( e>?  & hell1 )\t op5+
 ! vision ( angels & ( ,god4 ,nay1 = !  
spiritual bonds :i* connect m5 ) ! ,fa!r
 above1 x sub/itutes  mat]ial ties1 a   
g5ealogy ( sacr$ fires1 a succession (  
hall[$  build+s1 or ( prie/s hav+       
consecration by p$igree or by manual    
transmission2 s t qualities belong+ to !
 s\l alone are lik5$  to =ces me*anical 
or *emical2 sanctity becomes a physical 
prop]ty2  div9e acceptance comes by     
bodily cat5ation2 reg5]ation is degrad$ 
into a species ( electric %ock1 :i* "o  
only me?od ( exp]im5t1  & ! l9ks ( b "o 
conductor1 c convey4 ,&1 9 f9e1 a       
prie/ly  sy/em ev] abjures all aim at   
any high] p]fection2 boa/s ( be+        
immutable & unimprovable2 enc\rages no  
ambition1 brea!s no desire4  ,x holds ! 
appo9t$ me?ods ( influ5c+ ,heav51 on :i*

 none may  presume to innovate2 & its   
functions are ev] ! same1 to employ &   
pres]ve ! anci5t =ms & leg5d>y spells   
committ$ to its tru/4  ,h5ce all its    
v5]ation is antiqu>ian1 n sympa!tic or  
prospective2  x turns its back ^u !     
liv+1 & looks /raight into dep>t$  ages1
 b[+ ! head & b5d+ ! knee2 z if all     
objects ( love  & devotion 7 !re1 n "h2 
9 hi/ory1 n 9 life2 z if its  ,god 7    
dead1 or o!rwise imprison$ 9 ! ,pa/1 &  
_h bequea!d  to its keep+ su* relics z  
might yield a p]petual b5$iction4 ,?us  
does ! adm9i/ration ( religion1 9       
proportion z x possesses a  sac]dotal   
"*1 involve a di/ant ,deity1 a mean     
humanity1 a  s]vile wor%ip1 a physical  
sanctity1 & a retrospective rev]5ce4    
,let no "o1 h[ev]1 imag9e t !re is no   
o!r idea or  adm9i/ration ( religion ?an
 ?is2 t ! prie/ is ! only  p]son among  
m5 to :om x is giv5 to /& betwe5 heav5 &
  e>?4 ,ev5 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures       
introduce u to ano!r class (  q diff]5t 
ord]2 to :om1 inde$1 ^? ,scriptures owe 

_! own  tru? & p[]1 & p]petuity (       
beauty3 ,i mean ! ,,prophets2 :om  we   
%all v imp]fectly und]/&1 if we suppose 
!m m]e  hi/orians1 = :om ,god _h turn$  
"t r\nd ! o!r way1 s t  !y spoke ( ?+s  
future z if pa/1 & grew s dizzy 9 _! use
  ( t5ses1 z greatly to incommode le>n$ 
gramm>ians2 or if we treat  _! writ+s z 
scrap-books ( ,provid5ce1 ) miscellane\s
  contributions f v>i\s p>ts ( duration1
 sket*es tak5  indiff]5tly f any po9t ( 
view )9 et]nity1 & put toge!r  at r&om &
 )\t m>k1 on adjac5t pages1 = !ological 
memories to id5tify2 fir/1 a picture (  
an ,assyrian battle1 next1 a  holy      
family2 n[1 ( ! captives sitt+ by       
,euphrates1 !n1 ( ,paul  prea*+ to !    
,g5tiles2 "h1 a flight ( dev\r+ locu/s1 
&  !re1 ! escape ( ! ,*ri/ians f !      
de/ruction ( ,j]usalem2  a portrait (   
,hezekiah1 & a view ( ,calv>y2 a m>*    
?r\gh !  des]t1 & ,john ! ,bapti/ by !  
,jordan2 ! day ( ,p5teco/1 &  ! ,fr5*   
,revolution2 ,nebu*adnezz> & ,mahomet2  
,caligula & !  ,pope1--foll[+ ea* o!r ) 

picturesque neglect ( e relation  ( "t &
 place4 ,no1 ! ,prophet & 8 "w always   
inde$ belong  to ! future2 b f> o!rwise 
?an ?us4 ,mean:ile1 let u notice  h[1 9 
,israel1 z else:]e1 he takes 8 natural  
/ation above !  prie/4 ,x 0 ,moses !    
prophet :o ev5 made ,a>on ! prie/4 ,&   
:o c>es n[ = ! sac]dotal books ( ! ,old 
,te/am5t1 comp>$  ) ! re/8 ,:o1 hav+ !  
/ra9s ( ,david1 w\ld pore ov]           
,leviticus1 or w\ld we>y himself )      
,*ronicles1 :5 he might cat*  !         
inspiration ( ,isaiah8 ,x 0 no prie/ t  
wrote1 ,?\ desire/  n sacrifice1 else   
w\ld ,i give x2 ?\ delighte/ n 9        
burnt-(f]+3 ! sacrifices ( ,god are a   
brok5 _s2 a brok5  & a contrite he>t1 ,o
 ,god1 ?\ wilt n despise4 ,x 0 no       
pontifical _s t exclaim$1 ,br+ no m va9 
oblations2  inc5se is an abom9ation to  
me2 ! new moons & sabba?s1 !  call+ (   
assemblies1 ,i _c away )2 x is iniquity1
 ev5 !  solemn meet+3 y\r new moons &   
y\r appo9t$ fea/s my s\l  hate?2 !y are 
a tr\ble unto me2 ,i am we>y to be> !m4 

,wa%  y1 make y clean4 ,:atev] 9 ^!     
v5]able ,scriptures awes u  by its      
gr&eur & pi]ces u by its tru?1 comes ( !
 prophets1  n ! prie/s2 & f t "p ( _!   
writ+s1 too1 9 :i*  !y are n conc]n$ )  
hi/orical pr$iction1 b ) "s  utt]ance   
deep] & great]4 ,i d n d5y !m ?is gift (
  occasional intellectual =esight (     
ev5ts4 ,& d\btless x 0 an  honor to be  
p]mitt$ to speak ?us to a portion ( !   
future1 & (  local occurr5ces unreveal$ 
to se]s less privileg$4 ,b x is a  glory
 f> high] to speak t :i* belongs to all 
"t1 & f9ds  its int]pretation 9 e place2
 to p5etrate to ! ev]la/+  realities (  
?+s2 to disclose1 n :5 ?is or t man w   
appe>1 b h[ & :]e=e all m5 appe> &      
quickly disappe>2 to  make x felt1 n 9  
:at nook ( duration su* an incid5t w    
happ51 b f :at all-embrac+ et]nity !    
images ( hi/ory  em]ge & are swall[$ up4
 ,9 ?is highe/ faculty ! ,hebrew se]s   
belong to a class scatt]$ ov] e nation &
 e p]iod2 :i*  ,provid5ce keeps ev]     
extant = human good1 & especially to    

furni%  an adm9i/ration ( religion q    
anti-sac]dotal4 ,?is class we  mu/      
proce$ to *>act]ize4    ,! ,prophet is !
 repres5tative ( ,god be=e m51          
commission$ f  ! ,div9e nature to       
sanctify ! human4 ,he be>s a message    
d[nw>ds1 f heav5 to e>?2 8 inspir] be+  
above1 8  influ5ce bel[4 ,he takes ( !  
hol9ess ( ,god1 ent]s ) x into  ! s\ls (
 m51 & heals !re) ! w\nds1 & purifies ! 
ta9t1 ( s94 ,he is *>g$ ) ! peace (     
,god1 & gives f x  re/ to ! we>9ess &   
solace to ! griefs ( m54 ,in/ead (      
c>ry+ ! f\lness ( life to be cleans$ 9  
heav51 he br+s !  purity ( heav5 to make
 life div9e4 ,in/ead ( int]pos+ himself 
& 8 m$iation betwe5 humanity & ,deity1  
he de/roys ! :ole  di/ance betwe5 !m2 & 
only fulfils 8 mission1 :5 he br+s  !   
f9ite m9d & ! inf9ite into imm$iate &   
?rill+ contact1  & leaves ! creature    
consci\sly alone ) ! ,creator4 ,he is "o
  to :om ! primitive & ev]la/+ relations
 betwe5 ,god & man  h reveal$ !mselves1 
/ripp$ ( e disguise1 & b>$ ( all  t is  

conv5tional2 :o is possess$ by _!       
simplicity1 ma/]$  by _! solemnity2 :o  
has f\nd ! secret ( meet+ ! ,holy  ,_s  
)91 r ?an )\t2 & kn[s1 b _c tell1 h[1  9
 ! /rife ( g5u9e duty1 or 9 mom5ts (    
true m$itation1 !  ,div9e imm5sity &    
love h t\*$ & fill$ 8 nak$ s\l2 &       
taught him by :at fa?omless ,godhead he 
is fold$ r\nd1 & on :at  adamant9e      
manhood he mu/ take 8 /&4 ,s f> f       
sep>at+  o!rs f ! heav5ly communion     
v\*saf$ to himself1 he  necess>ily      
believes t all may h ! same godlike     
consci\sness2  burns to imp>t x to !m2 &
 by ! vivid light ( 8 own fai?  spe$ily 
creates x 9 ^? :o feel 8 influ5ce1 draw+
 out &  fre%5+ ! fad$ colors ( ! ,div9e 
image 9 _! s\ls1 till  !y too become    
visibly ! se]s & ! sons ( ,god4 ,8      
in/rum5ts1 l ! objects ( 8 mission1 are 
human2 n  my/]ies1 & mumm]ies1 & su*    
arbitr>y ?+s1 by :i* o!rs  may pret5d to
 be talk+ ) ! skies2 b ! natural        
language  :i* int]prets itself at once  
to e g5u9e man1 & goes direct  to ! liv+

 po9t ( e he>t4 ,an e>ne/ spee*1 a brave
 &  holy life1 tru? ( sympa?y1 sev]ity (
 consci5ce1 fre%ness &  l(t9ess (       
fai?1--^! natural sanctities are 8      
implem5ts (  p[]2 & if heav5 be pleas$  
to add any o!r gifts1 /ill are !y       
weapons all1--n ! m]e t9sel ( tradition 
& cu/om1--b =g$  9 ! inn] work%op ( our 
nature1 :]e ! fire gl[s b5ea? !  brea? (
 ,god1 fram+ ?+s ( e!real temp]4 ,?us   
arm$1 he lays  und\bt+ siege to ! _w's  
consci5ce2 te>s d[n e outwork  (        
pret5ce2 =ces its /rong-holds (         
delusion2 humbles ! vanities  at its    
c5tre1 & proclaims x ! citadel ( ,god4  
,! true prophet  ( e age is no believ] 9
 ! temple1 b 9 ! temple's ,deity2       
tru/s1 n rites & in/itutions1 b ! he>t &
 s\l t fill  or ought to fill !m2 if !y 
speak ! tru?1 no "o s rev]es  !m2 if a  
lie1 !y meet ) no contempt l 84 ,he sees
 no  inde/ructible sanctu>y b ! m9d     
itself1 :]e9 ! ,div9e  ,_s ev] loves to 
dwell2 & :5ce x w be sure to g =? &     
build su* outw>d temple z may suit !    

season ( ,provid5ce4 ,he is  consci\s t 
!re is no devotion l t :i* comes        
spontane\sly f ! secret places ( our    
humanity1 no orisons s  true z ^? :i*   
rise f ! common plat=m ( our life4 ,he  
desires only to ?r[ himself 9 fai? on ! 
natural piety ( !  he>t4 ,give him b t1 
& he w f9d = man an ev]la/+  wor%ip1 &  
raise = ,god a ca!dral wor?y ( 8        
inf9itude4    ,x is evid5t t "o ?or\ghly
 possess$ ) ?is _s c\ld nev]  be1 & c\ld
 nev] make1 a prie/2 nor frame a ritual 
= prie/s  already made4 ,he is de/itute 
( ! ideas out ( :i* alone ^!  ?+s c be  
creat$4 ,8 mission is 9 ! opposite      
direction3 he  int]prets & reveals ,god 
to m51 in/ead ( int]c$+ = m5 )  ,god4 ,9
 ?is (fice sac]dotal rites h no function
 & no place4 ,i d  n say t he mu/       
necess>ily disapprove & abjure !m1 or   
d5y  t he may directly sanction !m4 ,if 
he does1 h[ev]1 x is n 9  8 capacity (  
prophet1 b 9 con=mity ) feel+s :i* 8    
prop] (fice has left unt\*$4 ,8 t5d5cy w
 be aga9/  c]emonialism2 & on 8 age &   

position w dep5d ! ext5t to  :i* ?is    
t5d5cy takes effect4 ,usually he w      
con/ruct no?+  ritual1 w de/roy mu*1 &  
leave beh9d great & gr[+ ideas1         
de/ructive ( mu* m4 ,b ere we quit our  
g5]al conception ( a  prophet1 let u    
notice "s *>act]i/ic s5tim5ts1 moral &  
religi\s1 :i* naturally connect !mselves
 ) 8 fai?2 comp>+  !m ) ^? :i* belong to
 ! sac]dotal influ5ce4    ,9 ?is fai?1  
,god is sep>at$ by no?+ f 8 wor%ipp]s4  
,he is  n simply 9 contact ) !m1 b truly
 9 ! int]ior ( _!  nature2 s t !y may n 
only meet him 9 ! outw>d provid5ces  (  
life1 b be> 8 _s ) !m1 :5 !y g to toil &
  conflict1 & f9d x /ill1 :5 !y sit     
alone to ?9k & pray4 ,he  is n ! f>     
obs]v]1 b ! v pres5t help1 ( ! fai?ful  
w4 ,no /ructure made ) h&s1 nay1 n ev5 8
 own ar*itecture  ( ! heav5 ( heav5s1   
conta9s & conf9es 8 pres5ce3 7  !re any 
d>k recess :5ce ^! 7 hid1 ! bless$      
access w\ld  be )\t h9d]ance /ill2 & !  
s\l w\ld disc]n him ne> z  its own      
id5tity4 ,no mean & ignoble conception c

 be ent]ta9$ (  a m9d :i* is ?us !      
resid5ce ( ,deity2--! %r9e ( !  ,inf9ite
 mu/ h some:at t is inf9ite itself4     
,?us1 9 ?is  sy/em1 does our nature     
appe> 9 alliance ) ! ,div9e1 n 9        
contra/ ) x2 inspir$ ) a portion ( its  
hol9ess1 & free to  help =w>d ! be/     
issues ( its provid5ce4 ,human life1    
bless$ by  ?is _s1 becomes a m9iature ( 
! "w ( ! great ,rul]3 its               
responsibilities1 its difficulties1 its 
temptations1 become dignifi$  z !       
glori\s !atre :]eon we /rive1 by & ) !  
good ,_s  ( ,god1 = ! ma/]y ov] evil4   
,wor%ip1 issu+ f a nature &  exi/5ce ?us
 consecrat$1 is n ! ca/+ (f ( guilt &   
t]ror1 b ! glad unburd5+ ( love1 & tru/1
 & aspiration1  ! simple speak+ =?1 z   
duty is ! act+ =?1 ( ! div9e  )9 u2 n ! 
pro/ration ( ! slave1 b ! embrace ( !   
*ild2 n ! pla9t ( ! abject1 b ! an!m ( !
 free4 ,is x  n private1 individual8 ,& 
may x n by sil5ce say :at x w1  &       
intimate ! precise ?+1 & t only1 :i* is 
at  he>t8--:5ce !re gr[s ins5sibly t    

firm root ( excell5ce1  tru? ) "o's own 
self4 ,! prie/ly fancy ( an h]$it>y or  
l9eal sacr$ness c h no place "h4 ,! s\l 
& ,god /&  directly relat$1 m9d ) m9d1  
_s ) _s3 f our moral  fidelity to ?is   
relation1 f ! jeal\sy ) :i* we gu>d x  f
 insult or neglect1 does ! only sanctity
 arise2 & h]e9 !re  is none to help u1  
or give a vic>i\s consecration4 ,&1     
f9ally1  ! _s ( ,god's true prophet is  
e>ne/ly prospective2 m fill$  ) !       
conception ( :at ! ,creator w make 8 _w1
 ?an (  :at he has already made x3      
detect+ great capacities1 x gl[s  )     
great hopes2 kn[+ t ,god lives1 & w     
live1 x turns f  ! pa/1 v5]able z t may 
be1 & rev]5ces r ! promise  ( ! pres5t1 
& ! glories ( ! future4 ,x e/eems no?+  
unimprovable1 is replete ) va/ desires2 
& amid ! %ad[s &  across ! wilds (      
exi/5ce *ases1 n va9ly1 a bright image (
  p]fection4 ,! gold5 age1 :i* prie/s ) 
_! tradition put  into ! pa/1 ! prophet1
 ) 8 fai? & tru?1 transf]s into  !      
future2 & :ile ! =m] p9es & muses1 !    

latt] toils &  prays4 ,?us does !       
adm9i/ration ( religion1 9 proportion z 
x  p>takes ( ! prophetic or             
anti-sac]dotal "*1 involve !  ideas ( an
 int]ior ,deity1 a noble humanity1 a    
lov+ wor%ip1 an  individual hol9ess1 & a
 prospective v5]ation4    ,we h f\nd1   
!n1 two opposite views ( religion3 t ( !
  ,prie/ ) 8 ,ritual1 & t ( ! ,prophet )
 8 ,fai?4 ,i  propose to %[ t ! ,*ur* ( 
,engl&1 9 its doctr9e (  sacram5ts1     
co9cides ) ! =m] ( ^!1 & sanctions all  
its  objectionable s5tim5ts2 & t        
,*ri/ianity1 9 e relation1  ev5 )       
respect to its reput$ rites1 co9cides ) 
! latt]4    ,! g5]al con=mity ( ! ,*ur* 
( ,engl& ) ! ritual  conception (       
religion w n be d5i$ by h] own memb]s4  
,_!  d5ial w be limit$ to "o po9t3 !y w 
prote/ t h] =mulas  ( doctr9e d n       
ascribe a *>m$ efficacy1 or any op]ation
 ^u  ,god1 to ! two sacram5ts4 ,to avoid
 v]bal disputes1 let u consid]  :at we  
are to und]/& by a spell or *>m4 ,! "n1 
,i appreh5d1  d5otes any mat]ial object 

or outw>d act1 ! possession or use (    
:i* is ?\ght to conf] safety or bless+1 
n by natural op]ation1  b by occult     
virtues inh]5t 9 x1 or my/ical effects  
app5d$ to  x4 ,a m]e commemorative sign1
 !re=e1 is n a *>m1 nor ne$ !re  be any 
sup]/ition 9 its employm5t3 x simply /&s
 = c]ta9  ideas & memories 9 our m9ds2  
re-excites & fre%5s !m1 n  o!rwise ?an  
spee* audibly records !m1 except t x    
summons !m  be=e u by sight & t\*1      
in/ead ( s\nd4 ,! effect1 :atev] x  may 
be1 is purely natural1 by sequ5ce (     
?\ght on ?\ght1 till !  complexion ( !  
m9d is *ang$1 & haply suffus$ ) a noble 
gl[4  ,b 9 tru? x is n fit to speak (   
commemorations1 z ?+s hav+  efficacy at 
all2 z desirable obs]vances1 "u ^:      
action we %\ld  put ourselves1 9 ord] to
 get up c]ta9 good dispositions 9 !     
he>t4 ,z soon z we see !m acquiesc$ 91 )
 ?is dutiful  submission to a k9d (     
spiritual op]ation1 we may be sure !y   
are  already empty & dead4 ,an exp$i5t  
commemoration1 delib]ately  ma9ta9$ on  

utilit>ian pr9ciples1 = ! sake ( w>m+   
cold  affections by artificial heat1 is 
"o ( ! fooli% conceptions ( ?is         
me*anical & sceptical age4 ,x is q true1
 t su* influ5ce is  f\nd to belong to   
rites ( remembrance2 b only s long z x  
is n  privately look$ into1 or gre$ily  
contemplat$ by ! />+ eye (  prud5ce1 b  
simply & unconsci\sly receiv$4 ,no2     
commemorations mu/  be ! spontane\s     
fruit & outbur/ ( a love already k9dl$ 9
 !  s\l1 n ! factiti\s contrivance = =c+
 x into exi/5ce4 ,!y  are n ! light$    
mat* appli$ to ! fuel on an alt> cold2 b
 !  %apes 9 :i* ! liv+ flame aspires1 or
 ! frett$ lights ?r[n  by t c5tral love 
on ! d>k temple-walls ( ?is mat]ial     
life4    ,x is n pret5d$ t ! sacram5ts  
are m]e commemorative rites4  ,& no?+1  
,i submit1 rema9s1 b t !y %\ld be       
pron\nc$  *>ms4 ,x is ( little purpose  
to urge1 9 d5ial ( ?is1 t !  ,*ur*      
insi/s ^u ! necessity ( fai? on ! "p ( !
  recipi5t1 )\t :i* no b5efit1 b r p]il1
 w accrue4  ,?is only limits ! use ( !  

*>m to a c]ta9 class1 &  e/abli%es a    
pr]equisite to its prop] efficacy4 ,x   
simply conjo9s  ! outw>d =m ) a c]ta9   
/ate ( m9d1 & gives to ea* (  ^! a      
p>ticipation 9 ! effect4 ,if ! fai? be  
insuffici5t  )\t ! c]emony1 !n "s       
efficacy is due to ! rite2 &  ?is1 be+  
nei!r ! natural op]ation ( ! mat]ial    
elem5ts1  nor a simple sugge/ion ( ideas
 & feel+s to ! m9d1 b  my/ical &        
pret]natural1 is no o!r ?an a *>m$      
efficacy4    ,nor w ! /atem5t1 t !      
effect is n ^u ,god1 b ^u man1  be>     
exam9ation4 ,x is v true1 t ! ultimate  
b5efit ( ^!  rites is a result reput$ to
 fall ^u ! wor%ipp]2--reg5]ation1 9  !  
case ( baptism2 p>ticipation 9 !        
atonem5t1 9 ! case ( !  ,"l's ,supp]4 ,b
 by :at /eps d ^! bless+s desc5d8 ,n by 
^? ( visible or p]ceiv$ causation2 b    
?r\gh an express &  extraord9>y volition
 ( ,god1 induc$ by ! c]emonial =m1 or   
tak+  occasion f x4 ,! sac]dotal        
economy1 !re=e1 is s arrang$1  t1 :5ev] 
! prie/ disp5ses ! wat] at ! font1 !    

,holy  ,_s foll[s1 z 9 in/antane\s      
compliance ) a sugge/ion2 &  :5ev] he   
spreads 8 h&s ov] ! elem5ts at !        
communion1 ,god  imm$iately e/abli%es a 
pret]natural relation1 n subsi/+ !      
mom5t be=e1 betwe5 ! sub/ances on !     
table & ! s\ls ( !  fai?ful             
communicants3 s t e p>tak] receives1    
ei!r directly  or ?r\gh sup]natural     
increase ( fai?1 "s new %>e 9 ! m]its  (
 ! cross4 ,:atev] subtleties ( language 
!n may be employ$1 x  is evid5tly       
conceiv$ t ! fir/ consequ5ce ( ^! =ms   
takes  place 9 heav52 & t on ?is dep5ds 
:atev] b5$iction !y may  br+3 nor c a   
pla9 und]/&+ frame any o!r idea ( !m ?an
  ?is2 fir/1 !y act upw>ds1 & sugge/    
some?+ to ! m9d ( ,god1  :o !n s5ds d[n 
an influ5ce on ! m9d ( ! believ]4 ,f ?is
  conception no figures ( spee*1 no     
+5i\s analogies1 c deliv] u4  ,d y call 
! sacram5ts pl$ges ( grace8 ,a pl$ge    
means a promise2  & h[ a volunt>y act ( 
ours1 or ! prie/'s1 c be a promise made 
to u by ! ,div9e ,be+1 x is n easy to   

und]/&4 ,d y call  !m seals ( ,god's    
cov5ant1--! in/rum5t by :i* he engages  
to  make ov] its bless+s to ! ,*ri/ian1 
l ! signature &  completion ( a de$     
convey+ an e/ate8 ,x /ill p]plexes u to 
?9k  ( a s]vice ( our own z an assurance
 receiv$ by u f ,heav54 ,&  "o w\ld     
imag9e t ! ,div9e promise1 once giv51 7 
en\gh1  )\t ?is incessant b9d+ by       
p]iodical legalities4 ,if x be said1  ,!
 r5ewal ( ! obligation is ne$ful = u1 & 
n = him2 !n  call ! rites at once &     
simply1 our s]vice ( self-d$ication1 !  
solemn memorial ( our v[s4 ,& 9 spite ( 
all metaphors1 ! "q  recurs1 ,does !    
cov5ant /& )\t ^! seals1 or are !y      
ess5tial to give possession ( !         
privileges convey$8 ,are !y1 by  means  
pret]natural1 procur]s ( salvation8 ,h  
!y a my/ical action  t[>ds ?is end8 ,if 
s1 we return to ! same po9t2 !y h a     
*>m$ efficacy on ! human s\l4    ,9 ord]
 to e/abli% ?is1 no?+ m is requisite ?an
 a brief  ref]5ce to ! language ( !     
,articles & ,liturgical s]vices (  !    

,*ur* respect+ ,baptism & ! ,communion4 
,baptism is reg>d$1 ?r\gh\t ! ,book (   
,common ,pray]1 z !  in/rum5t (         
reg5]ation3 n simply z its sign1 ( :i* !
  actual desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s is        
indep5d5t2 b z itself &  ess5tially !   
means or indisp5sable occasion ( ! wa%+ 
away (  s94 ,t ?is is reg>d$ z a my/ical
 & magical1 n a natural  & spiritual    
effect1 is evid5t f ! alleg$ fact ( its 
occurr5ce 9 infants1 to :om ! rite c    
sugge/ no?+1 & on  :om1 9 ! c\rse (     
nature1 x c leave no impression4 ,yet x 
is  decl>$ ( ! infant1 aft] ! use ( !   
wat]1 ,see+ n[1  de>ly belov$ bre?r51 t 
?is *ild is reg5]ate1 c43 at !          
comm5cem5t ( ! s]vice its aim is said to
 be t ,god may grant  to ?is *ild t ?+  
:i* by nature he _c h1--w\ld wa%  him & 
sanctify him ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 t he may  
be deliv]$  f ,god's wra?4 ,no?+1 inde$1
 is s /rik+ 9 ?is (fice (  ! national   
,*ur*1 z its audaci\s trifl+ ) solemn   
names1  d5ot+ qualities ( ! s\l & w2 !  
ascription ( spiritual  & moral         

attributes1 n only to ! *ild 9 :om !y c 
yet h  no developm5t1 b ev5 to mat]ial  
sub/ances2 ! frivolity )  :i* engagem5ts
 ) ,god are made by deputy1 & )\t !     
cons5t  or ev5 exi/5ce ( ! engag+ w4    
,wat] is said to possess  sanctity1 = ! 
my/ical wa%+ away ( s94 ,infants1       
de/itute  ( any idea ( duty or          
obligation to be resi/$ or obey$1 are   
said  to obta9 remission ( _! s9s2--to  
r5\nce ! ,devil & all  8 works1 ! va9   
pomp & glory ( ! _w2 /eadfa/ly to       
believe 9 ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 & to be    
desir\s ( baptism into  ?is fai?4       
,belief1 desire1 resolve1 are acts ( "s 
"o's m9d3 !  language ( ?is s]vice      
attributes !m to ! p]sonality ( !       
infant 7,i r5\nce1 ,i believe1 ,i       
desire72 yet !re !y _c  possibly exi/4  
,if !y are to be und]/ood z affirm$ by !
  godfa!rs & godmo!rs ( !mselves1 ! case
 is n improv$3 =  h[ c "o p]son's /ate (
 fai? & consci5ce be made !  condition (
 ! reg5]ation ( ano!r8 ,:at intelligible
 mean+  c be atta*$ to ^! phrases (     

sanctity appli$ to an age n             
responsible8 ,9 :at s5se1 & by :at      
indication1 are ^! *ildr5  holi] ?an    
o!rs8 ,& ) :at reason1 if all ?is be    
,*ri/ianity1 c we blame ! ,pope =       
spr9kl+ holy wat] on !  horses8 ,!      
s]vice appe>s little bett] ?an a pr(ane 
sac]dotal  juggl]y1 by :i* mat]ial ?+s  
are impregnat$ ) div9e  virtues1 moral &
 spiritual qualities ( ! m9d are sport$ 
)1  ! holy _s ( ,god is turn$ into a    
physical my/]y1 & !  solemnity ( p]sonal
 responsibility is insult$4    ,t a     
sup]/iti\s value is attribut$ to !      
details ( !  baptismal =m1 9 ! ,*ur* (  
,engl&1 appe>s f c]ta9 p>ts  ( ! s]vice 
= ! private m9i/ration ( ! rite4 ,if a  
*ild  has be5 baptiz$ by any o!r lawful 
m9i/] ?an ! m9i/] (  ! p>i%1 /rict      
inquiries are to be in/itut$ by ! latt] 
respect+ ! correctness ) :i* ! c]emony  
has be5 p]=m$2  & %\ld ! prescrib$ rules
 h be5 neglect$1 ! baptism is  invalid1 
& mu/ be repeat$4 ,yet great solicitude 
is manife/$1  le/ dang] %\ld be incurr$ 

by an unnecess>y repetition ( !         
sacram5t3 to gu>d aga9/ :i*1 ! m9i/] is 
to give !  foll[+ conditional invitation
 to ! ,holy ,_s2 say+1 9 8  address to !
 *ild1 ,if ?\ art n already baptiz$1 ,i 
baptize  !e1 c4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t !
 ,*ur* m5tions z "o (  ! ess5tials ( !  
s]vice1 ! omission ( :i* necessitates   
its repetition1 ! use ( ! =mula1 ,9 ! "n
 ( ! ,fa!r1  & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy    
,gho/4 ,by ?is rule1 e "o ( !  apo/olic 
baptisms record$ 9 ,scripture mu/ be    
pron\nc$ invalid2  & ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 7
 x possible1 w\ld p]=m !m aga93  = 9 no 
in/ance does x appe> t ! ,apo/les       
employ$ ei!r  ?is or ev5 any equival5t  
=m ( words4    ,t ?is sacram5t is reg>d$
 z an indisp5sable *annel ( grace1  &   
positively necess>y to salvation1 is    
cle> f ! provision (  a %ort & private  
=m1 to be us$ 9 cases ( extreme dang]4  
,!  pray]s1 & fai?1 & ob$i5ce1 & pati5t 
love1 ( p>5ts &  fri5ds1--! d$ication & 
he>t-felt surr5d] ( _! *ild to  ,god1 ! 
pr(\nd application ( _! anxieties &     

grief to _!  consci5ce & inw>d          
life1--all ?is1 we are told1 w be ( no  
avail1 )\t ! wat] & ! prie/4 ,ar*bi%op  
,laud says3 ,t  baptism is necess>y to !
 salvation ( infants 79 ! ord9>y way  ( 
! ,*ur*1 )\t b9d+ ,god to ! use & means 
( t  sacram5t1 to :i* he ha? b\nd u71 is
 express$ 9 ,/4 ,john iii41  ',except a 
man be born ( wat]1' c4 ,s1 no baptism1 
no entrance2 nor  c infants creep 91 any
 o!r ord9>y way4#c ,bi%op ,bramhall     
says3 ,wilful neglect ( baptism we      
ackn[l$ge to be a damnable s92  &1 )\t  
rep5tance & ,god's extraord9>y m]cy1 to 
exclude a  man f all hope ( salvation4  
,b yet1 if su* a p]son1 be=e 8  dea?1   
%all rep5t & deplore 8 neglect ( ! means
 ( grace1  f 8 he>t1 & desire ) all 8   
s\l to be baptiz$1 b is  deb>r$ f x     
inv9cibly1 we d n1 we d>e n1 pass s5t5ce
 (  condemnation ^u him2 n yet ! ,roman 
,ca?olics !mselves4 ,!  "q !n is1 :e!r !
 want ( baptism1 ^u inv9cible           
necessity1 d ev]more infallibly exclude 
f heav54#d ,s+ul>  /ruggle "h1 betwe5 ! 

m]ciless ritual ( ! prie/1 & !  rel5t+  
_s ( ! man6    ,! (fice ( ,communion    
conta9s ev5 /rong] m>ks ( ! same        
sac]dotal sup]/itions2 &1 not)/&+ !     
,prote/ant horror  ent]ta9$ ( ! mass1   
approa*es x s ne>ly1 t no +5uity  c     
exhibit !m 9 contra/4 ,ne> doctr9es1    
h[ev]1 l ne>  neighbors1 are kn[n to    
qu>rel mo/4    ,! idea ( a physical     
sanctity1 resid+ 9 solid & liquid       
sub/ances1 is enc\rag$ by ?is s]vice4 ,!
 prie/ consecrates  ! elem5ts1 by lay+ 8
 h& ^u all ! bread1 & ^u e  flagon      
conta9+ ! w9e ab\t to be disp5s$4 ,if an
 additional  quantity is requir$1 ?is   
too mu/ be consecrat$ be=e its          
di/ribution4 ,& ! sacr$ness ?us imp>t$  
is repres5t$ z  surviv+ ! celebration ( 
! ,supp]1 & resid+ 9 !  sub/ances z a   
p]man5t quality3 = 9 ! disposal ( !     
bread  & w9e t may rema9 at ! close ( ! 
sacram5tal fea/1 a  di/9ction is made   
betwe5 ! consecrat$ & ! unconsecrat$    
portion ( ! elem5ts2 ! =m] is n p]mitt$ 
to quit !  alt>1 b is to be rev]5tly    

consum$ by ! prie/ & !  communicants2 ! 
latt] is giv5 to ! curate4 ,:at !       
p>ticul>  *ange may be1 :i* ! pray] &   
manipulation ( ! m9i/] are  ?\ght to    
induce1 x is by no means easy to        
det]m9e2 nor w\ld !  discov]y1 p]haps1  
rew>d our pa9s4 ,x is c]ta9ly conceiv$1 
t  !y cease to be any long] m]e bread & 
w9e1 & t ) !m  !nce=? co-exi/1 really & 
sub/antially1 ! body & blood (  ,*ri/4  
,respect+ ?is ,real ,pres5ce ) !        
elem5ts1 !re is no  dispute betwe5 !    
,romi% & ! ,engli% ,*ur*2 bo?           
unequivocally  ma9ta9 x3 & ! only "q is1
 respect+ ! ,real ,abs5ce  ( ! orig9al &
 cul9>y bread & w9e2 ! ,roman ,ca?olic  
believ+ t ^! sub/antially vani%1 & are  
replac$ by !  body & blood ( ,*ri/2 !   
,engli% ,prote/ant conceiv+ t !y  rema91
 b are unit$ ) ! latt]4 ,! ,lu!ran1 no  
less ?an !  ,briti% ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 has   
clung t5aci\sly to ! doctr9e ( !  real  
pres5ce 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 ,lu!r himself      
decl>es3 ,i w\ld  r reta91 ) !          
,romani/s1 only ! body & blood1 ?an     

adopt1 ) ! ,swiss1 ! bread & w9e1 )\t ! 
real body &  blood ( ,*ri/4 ,! cate*ism 
( our ,*ur* affirms t ! body  & blood ( 
,*ri/ are v]ily & inde$ tak5 & receiv$  
by !  fai?ful 9 ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,& ?is 0
 n int5d$ to be  figuratively und]/ood1 
( ! spiritual use & appropriation to    
:i* ! fai? & piety ( ! receiv] w\ld     
m5tally conv]t !  elem5ts3 = al?\gh "h !
 body ( ,*ri/ is only said to be  tak5  
7mak+ x ! act ( ! communicant71 yet "o (
 !  ,articles speaks ( x z giv5 7mak+ x 
! act ( !  (ficiat+ prie/71 & imply+ !  
real pres5ce be=e  p>ticipation4 ,h[ev] 
anxi\s1 inde$1 ! cl]gy ( !  ,evangelical
 s*ool may be to disguise ! fact1 x _c  
be  d\bt$ t _! ,*ur* has always ma9ta9$ 
a sup]natural *ange  9 ! elem5ts        
!mselves1 z well z 9 ! m9d ( ! receiv]4 
,cos91 ,bi%op ( ,durham1 says1 ,we own !
 union betwe5 ! body &  blood ( ,*ri/1 &
 ! elem5ts1 ^: use & (fice we hold to be
  *ang$ f :at x 0 be=e2 we confess !    
necessity ( a  sup]natural & heav5ly    
*ange1 & t ! signs _c become  sacram5ts 

b by ! inf9ite p[] ( ,god4#e    ,9      
consi/5cy ) ?is prep>atory *ange1 a *>m$
 efficacy is  attribut$ to ! subsequ5t  
p>ticipation 9 ! elem5ts4 ,ev5 !  body (
 ! communicant is said to be "u _!      
influ5ce3 ,grant  u to eat ! fle% ( ?y  
de> ,son1 & dr9k 8 blood1 t our  s9ful  
bodies may be made clean ?r\gh 8 body1 &
 our s\ls  wa%$ ?r\gh 8 mo/ preci\s     
blood2 & ! unwor?y recipi5ts  are said  
to provoke ,god to plague !m ) div]s    
diseases &  sundry k9ds ( dea?4 ,le/ !  
wor%ipp]1 by pres5t+ himself 9  an      
unqualifi$ /ate1 %\ld d no?+ else ?an   
increase 8  damnation1 ! unquiet        
consci5ce is direct$ to resort to !     
prie/1 & receive ! b5efit ( absolution  
be=e communicat+4  ,c we d5y to ! ,ox=d 
div9es ! m]it 7:atev] x may be7 (       
consi/5cy ) ! !ology ( _! ,*ur*1 :5 !y  
applaud &  recomm5d1 z !y d1 !          
adm9i/ration ( ! ,eu*>i/ to infants1  & 
to p]sons dy+ & ins5sible8 ,inde$1 x is 
difficult to  discov] :y infant         
,communion %\ld be ?\ght m irrational   

?an  infant ,baptism4 ,if1 z ,i h       
endeavor$ to %[1 ! prim>y action  ( ^!  
c]emonies is conceiv$ to be on ,god1 n  
on ! m9d (  _! object1 :y %\ld n !      
,div9e bless+ be induc$ ^u !  "y & !    
unconsci\s1 z well z on ! mature &      
capable s\l8  ,& 7 any fur!r evid5ce    
requir$ ?an ,i h hi!rto adduc$1  to %[  
on :om ! ,communion is conceiv$ to      
op]ate 9 ! fir/  in/ance1 x w\ld surely 
be af=d$ by ?is clause 9 ! ,s]vice3  by 
n p>tak+1 ,consid] h[ great an injury ye
 d unto ,god4    ,! only ?+ want$ to    
complete ?is sac]dotal sy/em1 is to     
obta9  = a c]ta9 class ( m5 ! corporate 
possession1 & exclusive  adm9i/ration1 (
 ^! ess5tial & holy my/]ies4 ,?is our   
,*ur*  accompli%es by its doctr9e (     
,apo/olical ,succession2 claim+ =  its  
m9i/]s a l9eal (ficial desc5t f !       
,apo/les1 :i*  inve/s !m1 & !m alone )9 
?is realm1 ) div9e au?ority  to pron\nce
 absolution or excommunication1 & to    
adm9i/] !  ,sacram5ts4 ,!y are ?us !    
sole gu>dians ( ! *annels ( !  ,div9e   

,_s & its grace1 & int]pose !mselves    
betwe5 a nation  & its ,god4 ,receive ! 
,holy ,gho/1 says ! ,s]vice = ,ord9ation
  ( ,prie/s1 = ! (fice & "w ( a prie/ 9 
! ,*ur* ( ,god1  n[ committ$ unto !e by 
! imposition ( h&s4 ,^: s9s ?\  do/     
=give1 !y are =giv52 & ^: s9s ?\ do/    
reta91 !y  are reta9$4 ,!y only1 says ! 
pres5t ,bi%op ( ,exet]1 c  claim to rule
 ov] ! ,"l's h\sehold1 :om he has       
himself plac$  ov] x2 !y only are able  
to m9i/] ! means ( grace1--above  all1  
to pres5t ! great commemorative         
sacrifice1--:om ,*ri/ has  appo9t$1 &   
:om he has 9 all g5]ations appo9t$ 9    
unbrok5  succession f ^?1 & ?r\gh ^?1   
:om he fir/ orda9$4  ',ambassadors f    
,*ri/' mu/1 by ! v =ce ( ! t]m1 receive 
cr$5tials f ,*ri/3 '/ew>ds ( ! my/]ies (
 ,god' mu/ be  intru/$ ) ^? my/]ies by  
him4 ,rem9d y\r p1 t 9 !  ,*ur* only is 
! promise ( =giv5ess ( s9s2 & ?\gh1 to  
all  :o truly rep5t1 & s9c]ely believe1 
,*ri/ m]cifully grants  =giv5ess1 yet he
 has1 9 an especial mann]1 emp[]$ 8     

m9i/]s to decl>e & pron\nce to 8 p !    
absolution &  remission ( _! s9s3       
',:osesoev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$
  unto !m2 & :osesoev] s9s ye reta91 !y 
are reta9$4' ,?is  0 ! awful au?ority   
giv5 to 8 fir/ m9i/]s1 & 9 !m1 &  ?r\gh 
!m1 to all _! successors4 ,?is is !     
awful au?ority we  h receiv$1 & t we mu/
 nev] be a%am$ nor afraid to tell  ! p t
 we h receiv$4    ,hav+ %[n to ! p y\r  
commission1 %[ to !m h[ our own  ,*ur*  
has fram$ its s]vices 9 accordance ) t  
commission4  ,%[ ?is to !m n only 9 !   
,ord9al1 b also 9 ! ,collects1  9 !     
,communion ,s]vice1 9 ! ,(fice ( !      
,visitation ( ! ,sick2  %[ x1           
especially1 9 t :i* cont9ually pres5ts  
itself to  _! notice1 b is commonly     
little reg>d$ by !m2 %[ x 9 !  v        
comm5cem5t ( ,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,pray]1 &   
make !m  und]/& ! full bless$ness ( t   
s]vice1 9 :i* ! ,*ur*  ?us calls on !m  
to jo94 ,let !m see t !re ! m9i/]       
au?oritatively pron\nces ,god's p>don & 
absolution to all !m  t truly rep5t1 &  

unfeign$ly believe ,*ri/'s holy ,gospel2
 t  he does ?is1 ev5 z ! ,apo/les did1 )
 ! au?ority & by !  appo9tm5t ( our ,"l 
himself1 :o1 9 commission+ 8 ,apo/les1  
gave ?is to be ! nev]-fail+ assurance ( 
8 co-op]ation 9  _! m9i/ry3 ',lo1 ,i am 
) y always1 ev5 unto ! end ( !  _w'2 a  
promise :i*1 ( its v nature1 0 n to be  
fulfill$  to ! p]sons ( ^? :om he       
address$1 b to _! (fice1 to  _!         
successors !re=e 9 t (fice1 'ev5 unto ! 
end ( !  _w4' ,la/ly1 rem9d & w>n !m ( !
 awful sanction ) :i*  our ,"l          
accompani$ 8 mission1 ev5 ( ! second    
ord] ( !  m9i/]s :om he appo9t$3 ',he t 
he>e? y1 he>e? me2 & he  t despise? y1  
despise? me2 & he t despise? me1        
despise?  him t s5t me4' ,t ?is high    
dignity may be cle>ly und]/ood  to      
belong 9 ?is c\ntry only to ! ,*ur* (   
,engl&1 ! ,bi%op  proposes ! "q1 ,:at1  
!n1 becomes ( ^? :o are n1 or  cont9ue  
n1 memb]s ( t 7visible7 ,*ur*8 & replies
 to x by  say+1 t ?\gh he judges n !m t 
are )\t1 yet he :o  wilfully & 9 despite

 ( due w>n+1 or ?r\gh recklessness &    
worldly-m9d$ness1 sets at naught its    
ord9ances1 & despises its  m9i/]s1 has  
no "r to promise to himself any %>e 9 ! 
grace  :i* !y are appo9t$ to convey4#f  
,:y1 says "o ( ! ,ox=d  div9es1 :o "h   
und5iably speaks ! g5u9e doctr9e ( 8    
,*ur*1--,:y %\ld we talk s mu* ( an     
,e/abli%m5t1 & s  little ( an ,,apo/olic
 ,,succession8 ,:y %\ld we n s]i\sly    
endeavor to impress our p ) ?is pla9    
tru?1 t1 by  sep>at+ !mselves f our     
communion1 !y sep>ate !mselves n  only f
 a dec5t1 ord]ly1 useful society1 b f   
,,! ,,only ,,*ur*  ,,9 ,,?is ,,realm    
,,:i* ,,has ,a ,,"r ,,to ,,be ,,q ,,sure
 ,,t ,,%e ,,has ,,!  ,,"l',s ,,body ,,to
 ,,give ,,to ,,8 ,,p8#g    ,( c\rse ?is 
div9e au?ority has be5 receiv$ ?r\gh !  
,*ur*  ( ,rome1 s abom9able 9 ! eyes (  
all ,evangelical cl]gym52 &  ?r\gh _m an
 unwor?y l9k 9 ! brok5 *a94 ,! ,holy    
,_s1 x  is ackn[l$g$1 has pass$ ?r\gh   
_m1 on :om1 app>5tly1 x  0 n pleas$ to  
re/2 & ! "r to =give s9s be5 conf]r$  by

 ^? :o seem$ !mselves to ne$ =giv5ess4  
,a writ] 9 !  ,ox=d ,tracts obs]ves3    
,nor ev5 ?\gh we may admit t _m (  ^? :o
 =m$ ! connect+ l9ks ( ?is holy *a9 7   
!mselves unwor?y ( ! high *>ge repos$ 9 
!m1 c ?is  furni% u ) any solid gr\nd = 
d\bt+ or d5y+ _! p[]  to ex]cise t      
legitimate au?ority ) :i* !y 7 duly     
inve/$1 ( transmitt+ ! sacr$ gift to    
wor?i] foll[]s4#h    ,9 its doctr9e (   
,sacram5ts1 !n1 & 9 t ( ecclesia/ical   
au?ority & succession1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& 
is ?or\ghly imbu$  ) ! sac]dotal "*4 ,x 
d\btless conta9s f> bett] elem5ts  &    
nobl] conceptions ?an ^? :i* x has be5  
my duty to exhibit  n[2 & solemnly      
insi/s on fai? ( he>t1 & tru? (         
consci5ce1  & ,*ri/ian devot$ness (     
life1 z well z on ! obs]vance ( its     
ritual2 ) ! ext]nal x unites ! int]nal  
condition (  sanctification4 ,b insi/+  
on ! !ory ( a my/ic efficacy 9 !        
,*ri/ian rites1 x necess>ily fails to   
reconcile ^! ) ea*  o!r3 & h5ce !       
opposite p>ties )9 its pale2 ! "o       

magnify+ fai? & p]sonal spirituality1 ! 
o!r exalt+ !  sacram5ts & ecclesia/ical 
communion4 ,!y repres5t respectively !  
two con/itu5t & cla%+ p[]s1 :i* met at !
 =mation ( !  ,engli% ,*ur*1 & ( :i* x  
effect$ ! m]e compromise1 n !           
reconciliation2 ,i mean1 ! prie/l9ess ( 
,rome1 & ! prophetic  _s ( ! ,re=m]s4   
,nev]1 s9ce apo/olic days1 did ,heav5   
bless  u ) tru] prophet ?an ,m>t9 ,lu!r4
 ,x 0 8 mission 7no mod]n  man _h ev]   
great]7 to sub/itute ! idea ( p]sonal   
fai? =  t ( sac]dotal reliance4 ,&      
glori\sly1 ) brav]y & tru? (  s\l amid a
 ?\s& h9d]ances1 did he a*ieve x4 ,b    
?\gh1 ev]  s9ce1 ! prie/s h be5 d[n1 &  
fai? has be5 up1 yet did !  hi]>*y      
unavoidably rema91 & insi/$ t some?+    
%\ld be  made ( x1 & at lea/ "s         
colorable t]ms propos$4 ,h5ce1 e  re=m$ 
*ur* exhibits a coalition betwe5 ! new &
 ! old ideas3  & comb9$ views (         
religion1 :i* mu/ ultimately prove      
incompatible  ) ea* o!r2 ! =mal ) !     
spiritual2 ! idea ( wor%ip z a  means ( 

propitiat+ ,god1 ) ! conception ( x z an
 expression (  love 9 man2 ! notion (   
,*ur* au?ority ) t ( individual  fre$om2
 ! admission ( a lic5se to ?9k1 ) a     
prohibition (  ?9k+ wrong4 ,9 our       
national ,*ur* ! old _s 0 asc5dant ov]  
! new1 ?\gh long =c$ into quiesc5ce by !
 temp] ( mod]n  times4 ,n[ x is attempt+
 to reass]t its p[]1 n )\t /r5u\s       
resi/ance4 ,inde$1 ! pres5t age seems   
de/9$ to end ! compromise  betwe5 ! two 
pr9ciples1 f ! union ( :i* ,prote/antism
  assum$ its e/abli%$ =ms4 ,! truce     
seems ev]y:]e break+ up3 a  g5]al       
dis9tegration ( *ur*es is visible2      
tradition is ransack+  ! pa/ = claims & 
dignities1 & canvass+ pres5t timidity = 
fre% au?ority1 to )/& ! wild =ces born  
at ! ,re=mation1  & hurry+ u fa/ into an
 unkn[n future4    ,let u n[ turn to !  
primitive ,*ri/ianity2 :i*1 ,i submit1  
is  ?r\gh\t :olly anti-sac]dotal4       
,surely x mu/ be admitt$ t ! g5]al _s ( 
our ,"l's  p]sonal life & m9i/ry 0 t ( !
 ,prophet1 n ( ! ,prie/2  t5d+ directly 

to ! disp>agem5t ( :atev] prie/hood     
exi/$  9 8 c\ntry1 )\t visibly prep>+ ! 
sub/itution ( any?+  at all analog\s to 
x4 ,! sac]dotal ord] felt x s2 &1 ) !   
infallible in/9ct ( self-pres]vation1 !y
 wat*$1 !y hat$1  !y seiz$1 !y murd]$   
him4 ,! prie/ 9 e age has a natural     
antipa?y to ! prophet1 dreads him z k+s 
dread revolution1 & is  ! fir/ to detect
 8 exi/5ce4 ,! solemn mom5t & ! graci\s 
words ( ,*ri/'s fir/ prea*+ 9 ,naz>e?1  
/ruck ) fate !  temple 9 ,j]usalem4 ,to 
! old m5 ( ! village1 to ! neighbors  :o
 knew 8 *ildhood1 & companions :o _h %>$
 its rambles &  its sports1 he said1 ) !
 quiet flu% ( inspiration3 ,! ,_s  ( !  
,"l is ^u me1 because he ha? ano9t$ me  
to prea* !  ,gospel to ! poor3 he ha?   
s5t me to heal ! brok5-he>t$1 to  prea* 
deliv]ance to ! captives1 & recov]+ (   
sight to !  bl9d2 to set at lib]ty !m t 
are bruis$1 to prea* !  acceptable ye> (
 ! ,"l4 ,! ,_s ( ! ,"l 9 ,galilee6      
speak+ ) ! peasantry1 dwell+ 9 villages1
 & w&]+ loose  & :]e x li/e? among !    

hills6 ,?is w\ld nev] d1 ?\ght !        
:ite-rob$ ,levites ( ! ,holy ,city2 x   
w\ld be z a tra9 (  wildfire 9 ! temple4
 ,& 7 !y n "r8 ,:5 x 0 reveal$  t       
sanctity is no ?+ ( place & "t1 t a way 
is op5 f  e>? to heav51 f e field or    
m\nta9 trod by human feet1 &  ?r\gh e   
ro( t %elt]s a human head2 t1 amid !    
cr[d  & cru% ( life1 ea* s\l is 9       
p]sonal solitude ) ,god1 & by  spee* or 
sil5ce 7be !y b true & lov+7 may tell   
its c>es &  f9d its peace2 t a div9e    
allegiance might co/ no?+1 b !  /rife ( 
a dutiful w & ! pati5ce ( a filial      
he>t1--h[  c\ld any prie/hood hope to   
/&8 ,see h[ ,jesus himself1 :5 !  temple
 0 close at h&1 & ! sun%9e dress$ x 9   
its spl5dor1  yet )drew 8 pray]s to !   
midnight ( ,m\nt ,olivet4 ,he ent]$  ^? 
c\rts to tea*1 r ?an to wor%ip2 & :5    
!re1 he is  felt to take no             
consecration1 b to give x2 to br+ ) him 
!  liv+ _s ( ,god1 & spread x ?r\gh\t   
all ! place4 ,:5  ev5+ closes 8 tea*+s1 
& he returns late ov] ! ,m\nt to        

,be?any1 did he n feel t !re 0 m ( ,god 
9 !  night-breeze on 8 br[1 & ! heav5   
above him1 & ! sad love  )9 him1 ?an 9 !
 place call$ ,holy :i* he _h left8 ,&   
:5 he _h knock$ at ! gate ( ,laz>us !   
ris5 & become 8  gue/1--:51 aft] !      
labors ( ! day1 he unburd5$ 8 _s to  !  
affections ( t family1 & spake ( ?+s    
div9e to !  si/]s li/5+ at 8 feet1--did 
!y n feel1 z !y retir$ at  l5g?1 t !    
:ole h\se 0 full ( ,god1 & t !re is no  
sanctu>y l ! %r9e1 n made ) h&s1 )9 u   
all8 ,9  *ildhood1 he _h once pref]r$ ! 
temple & its tea*+s to 8  p>5ts' home3  
n[1 to 8 deep] exp]i5ce1 ! temple has   
lo/ its  tru?2 :ile ! cottage & ! walks 
( ,naz>e?1 ! daily voices  & con/ant    
duties ( ?is life1 seem cov]$ ) ! pure/ 
consecration4 ,true1 he v9dicat$ !      
sanctity ( ! temple1 :5 he  he>d )9 its 
enclosure ! hum ( traffic & ! *9k ( ga91
  & w\ld n h ! h\se ( pray] turn$ into a
 place (  m]*&ise3 because 9 ?is !re 0  
impo/ure & a lie1 & ,mammon  & ! ,"l mu/
 ev] dwell ap>t4 ,9 no?+ mu/ !re be     

mock]y  & falsehood2 & :ile ! temple    
/&s1 x mu/ be a temple true4    ,our    
,"l's :ole m9i/ry1 !n1 7to :i* we may   
add t ( 8  ,apo/les17 0 conceiv$ 9 a _s 
q opposite to t (  prie/hood4 ,a        
mission>y life1 )\t fix$ locality1 )\t  
=m1  )\t rites2 ) tea*+ free1           
occasional1 & v>i\s1 )  sympa?ies ev] ) 
! p1 & a /ra9 ( spee* nev] m>k$  by     
invective1 except aga9/ ! rul+ sac]dotal
 influ5ce2--all  ^! *>act]s proclaim    
him1 purely & emphatically1 ! ,prophet  
( ! ,"l4 ,x des]ves notice t1 unless z !
 "n ( 8  enemies1 ! ^w ,,prie/ 77 nev]  
occurs 9 ei!r !  hi/orical or epi/ol>y  
writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 except 9 !    
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,& !re its       
application is n a little  rem>kable4 ,x
 is appli$ to ,*ri/ alone2 x is decl>$  
to belong to  him only aft] 8 asc5sion2 
x is said t1 :ile on e>?1 he  nei!r 01  
nor c\ld be1 a prie/2 & if x is admitt$ 
t he  holds ! (fice 9 heav51 ?is is only
 to satisfy ! dem& ( !  ,hebrew         
,*ri/ians = "s sac]dotal ideas 9 _!     

religion1 & to  reconcile !m to hav+ no 
prie/ on e>?4 ,! writ] ackn[l$ges  "o   
great pontiff 9 ! _w above1 t ! :ole    
race may be  sup]s$$ 9 ! _w bel[2 &     
bani%es prie/hood into  invisibility1 t 
m5 may nev] see its %ad[ m4 ,all ! t]ms 
(  (fice :i* are giv5 to ! fir/ prea*]s 
( ! ,gospel &  sup]9t5d5ts ( *ur*es1--z 
,deacon1 ,eld] or ,presbyt]1 ,ov]se]  or
 ,bi%op1--are lay t]ms1 belong+         
previ\sly1 n to  ecclesia/ical1 b to    
civil life2 an indication1 surely1 t no 
analogy 0 ?\ght to exi/ betwe5 !        
,apo/olic & ! ,sac]dotal  relations4#i  
,i %all1 no d\bt1 be rem9d$ ( ! words1 9
 :i*  our ,"l is suppos$ to h giv5 _!   
commission to 8 fir/  repres5tatives3   
,:atsoev] ye b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9  
heav52 & :atsoev] ye loose on e>? %all  
be loos$ 9 heav52  & %all be ask$ :e!r  
?is does n convey to !m & _!  successors
 an (ficial au?ority to =give s9s1 &    
disp5se !  decrees ( ! unse5 _w4 ,i     
reply briefly3--    #a/4 ,t ! p[] "h    
grant$ does n relate to ! disp5sations  

( ! future life1 b solely to :at w\ld be
 t]m$1 9 mod]n  language1 ! allotm5t (  
*ur*-memb]%ip4 ,! previ\s v]se  proves  
?is1 furni%+ z x does a p>ticul> case ( 
! g5]al  au?ority "h assign$4 ,x directs
 ! ,apo/les "u :at  circum/ances !y are 
to remove an (f5d] f a ,*ri/ian society1
  & treat him z an unconv]t$ man1 z a   
hea!n man & a publican4  ,hav+ giv5 !m  
_! rule1 he freely tru/s ! application (
 x  to !m3 & be+ ab\t to retire erelong 
f p]sonal int]v5tion  9 ! affairs ( 8   
k+dom1 he assures !m t _! decisions     
%all be 81 & t he may be consid]$ z     
adopt+ 9 heav5  _! det]m9ations ^u e>?4 
,he simply consigns to 8 ,apo/les       
discretion>y p[] to direct ! affairs ( 8
 ,*ur*1 &  sup]9t5d ! diffusion ( ! glad
 tid+s3 !y may b9d &  loose1 t is1 op5 &
 %ut ! door ( admission to _!           
community1 z _! judgm5t may det]m9e2    
employ+ or reject+  applicants = !      
mission>y (fice2 dissociat+ f _!        
assemblies ob/9ate del9qu5ts2 receiv+ ) 
op5ness1 or  dismiss+ ) suspicion1 ea*  

c&idate = in/ruction1 accord+  to _!    
e/imate ( 8 qualifications & motives4   
#b;dly4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 t !re is no 
appe>ance ( any "o  be+ 9 !             
contemplation ( our ,"l1 beyond ! p]sons
 imm$iately  address$4 ,n a ^w is said (
 any (ficial successor or any di/ant    
age4 ,no indication is af=d$1 t any idea
 ( futurity 0 pres5t  to ! m9d ( ,jesus3
 & a title ( p]petual (fice1 an in/rum5t
  creat+ & end[+ an endless prie/hood1  
ought1 x w be  admitt$1 to be some:at m 
explicit ?an ?is4 ,b :]e ! p[]  has be5 
successfully claim$1 ! title is seldom  
difficult to prove4    ,! alleg$        
,,ritual ( ,*ri/ianity1 consi/+ ( !     
sacram5ts (  ,baptism & ! ,communion1 w 
be f\nd no less de/itute ( sanction  f !
 ,scriptures4 ,! =m] we %all see reason 
to reg>d z  simply an initiatory =m1    
applicable only to ,*ri/ian conv]ts1 &  
limit$ !re=e to adults2 ! latt] z purely
 a commemoration3  nei!r !re=e hav+ any 
sacram5tal or my/ical efficacy4    ,=   
baptism x is impossible to e/abli% any  

sup]natural orig94 ,x is  admitt$ to h  
exi/$ be=e ! ,*ri/ian era2 & to h be5   
employ$ by ! ,jews on ! admission (     
proselytes to _! religion4  ,x is c]ta9 
t x is n an enjo9$ rite 9 ! ,mosaic     
disp5sation2 &1 ?\gh preval5t be=e !    
p]iod ( ! ,new  ,te/am5t1 is n[h]e en=c$
 or recogniz$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,old4  ,x  
arose !re=e 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! only   
two sy/ems :i*  ,*ri/ians ackn[l$g$ to  
be sup]natural2 & mu/ be consid]$ z (   
natural & human orig91 inve/$1 ?us f>1 )
 no high] au?ority  ?an its own         
appropriat5ess may conf]4 ,!re seem to h
 be5 two  modes ( con/ru+ ! symbol3 ! "o
 f\nd$ on ! cleans+ effect  ( ! wat] on 
! p]son ( ! baptiz$ himself2 ! o!r1 on !
  appe>ance ( 8 imm]sion 7:i* 0         
complete7 to ! eye ( a  spectator4 ,!   
=m] 0 an image ( ! hea!n conv]t's       
purification  f a f\l idolatry1 & 8     
transition to a /a9less condition "u  a 
div9e & ju/ify+ law4 ,! latt] repres5t$ 
him1 :5 he  vani%$ 9 ! /ream1 z int]r$  
to ?is _w1 sunk utt]ly f its  sight2 &  

:5 he reappe>$1 z em]g+ or born aga9 to 
a bett]  /ate2 ! old man 0 buri$ 9      
baptism1 & :5 he rose aga91  he _h      
altoge!r become new4#aj ,! c]emony !n 0 
appropriately  us$ 9 any case (         
transition f a depress$ & corrupt /ate (
  exi/5ce to a hopeful & bless$ "o2 f a 
false or imp]fect  religion to "o true &
 heav5ly4    ,b x w be said1 :atev] !   
orig9 ( baptism1 x 0 employ$ &          
sanction$ by our ,"l1 :o commission$ 8  
,apo/les to g & baptize  all nations4   
,true2 b is !re no diff]5ce betwe5 !    
adoption ( a  practice already          
extant1--( a practice :i* 0 z mu* ! m]e 
in/itutional dress ( ! ,apo/les' nation1
 z ! s&als ^: du/  !y 7 to %ake (f aga9/
 ! fai?less 7 ! cu/om>y clo?+  ( !      
,apo/les' feet1--& ! au?oritative       
appo9tm5t ( a  sacram5t8 ,!y 7 go+ =? to
 make conv]ts3 & :y %\ld !y  n h rec\rse
 to ! =m famili>ly associat$ ) ! act8   
,famili> association recomm5d$ its      
adoption 9 t age & clime2 &  ! abs5ce ( 
su* association else:]e & 9 o!r times   

may be  ?\ght to ju/ify its disuse4 ,at 
all ev5ts1 a c]emony ?us tak5 up  mu/ be
 presum$ to reta9 its acquir$ s5se & its
 e/abli%$ ext5t  ( application3 & if s1 
baptism mu/ be /rictly limit$ to !      
admission ( proselytes f o!r fai?s4 ,?is
 accords ) ! kn[n  practice ( !         
,apo/les1 :o _c be %[n to h baptiz$ any 
b  ^? :om !y _h p]sonally1 or by _!     
mission>ies1 p]suad$ to  become         
,*ri/ians4 ,n a s+le case ( ! use ( !   
rite )  *ildr5 c be adduc$ f ,scripture2
 & ! only argum5t by :i*  su* employm5t 
( x is ev] ju/ifi$ is ?is3 t a h\sehold 
is  said to h be5 baptiz$1 & all nations
 7 to receive ! (f]  ( x2 & t ! h\sehold
 may1 ! nations mu/1 h conta9$  *ildr54 
,x is evid5t t su* reason+ c\ld nev] h  
be5  prop\nd$1 unless ! practice _h     
exi/$ fir/1 & ! def5ce _h  be5 f\nd     
aft]w>ds4    ,) ! sy/em ( infant baptism
 vani% almo/ all ! ideas :i* !  preval5t
 !ology has put into ! rite2 & x becomes
 z intelligible  & expressive to "o :o  
believes 9 ! good capacities ( human    

nature1 z to ^? :o e/eem x orig9ally    
deprav$4 ,h[ unmean+1  say our ,or?odox 
oppon5ts1 is ?is c]emony 9 ,unit>ian    
h&s1  d5y+1 z !y d1 ! doctr9es :i* x    
repres5ts6 ,( :at  reg5]ation c !y      
possibly suppose x ! symbol1 if n ( !   
wa%+ away ( t h]$it>y s9 :i* !y refuse  
to ackn[l$ge8  = :5 ! infant is br\ght  
to ! font1 he c z yet h no o!r  guilt   
?an ?is4 ,i reply1 ! objection has no   
=ce except aga9/ !  use ( infant baptism
 9 our *ur*es1--:i* ,i am n anxi\s to   
def5d2 b ( c\rse ^? ,unit>ians :o employ
 x conceive x to be  ! tok51 n ( any    
s5tim5ts :i* !y reject1 b ( tru?s &     
feel+s :i* !y hold de>4 ,= myself1 ,i   
believe1 ) our  oppon5ts1 t ! doctr9e ( 
orig9al s9 & ! practice (  infant       
baptism d belong to ea* o!r1 & mu/ /& or
 fall  toge!r2 & !re=e deem x a fact v  
significant ( ! ,apo/les'  !ology1 t no 
infant c be %[n ev] to h be5 br\ght to !
  font by ^! fir/ true mission>ies (    
,*ri/ianity4 ,& z to !  new bir? :i*    
baptism 7i4 e4 rec5t & g5u9e disciple%ip

 to  ,jesus7 may give to ! maturely     
conv9c$ ,*ri/ian1 he mu/ h a  great deal
 to le>n1 n only ( ! ,hebrew conceptions
 & language 9  relation to ! ,messiah1 b
 ( ! spirituality ( ! ,gospel1 & (  !   
fre% creations ( "* :i* x calls up1 :o c
 be mu*  puzzl$ ab\t its mean+4    ,9   
,*ri/ian baptism1 !n1 we h no sacram5t )
 my/ic p[]2  b an initiatory =m1        
possibly ( consuetud9>y obligation only2
  b if enjo9$1 applicable exclusively to
 proselytes1 & misemploy$  9 ! case (   
infants2 a sign ( conv]sion1 n a means (
  salvation2 confid$ to no sac]dotal    
ord]1 b op5 to e man  fitt$ to give x an
 appropriate use4    ,i turn to ! ,"l's 
,supp]2 ) design to %[ :at x is n1 &    
:at x is4 ,x is n a my/]y1 or a         
sacram5t1 any m ?an x is  an expiatory  
sacrifice4 ,to p]suade u t x has a      
ritual "*1  we are fir/ assur$ t x is   
cle>ly ! successor 9 ! ,gospel to  !    
,passov] "u ! ,law4 ,well1 ev5 if x 7 s1
 x w\ld /ill  be simply commemorative1 &
 )\t any o!r efficacy ?an a  fe/ival1   

fill$ ) great remembrances1 & inspir$ ) 
religi\s  joy4 ,su* 0 ! ,pas*al ,fea/ 9 
,j]usalem2 ! annual ga!r+ (  families & 
k9dr$1 a sacr$ c>nival "u ! spr+ sky & 9
  sight ( unreap$ fields1 :5 ! memory 0 
recall$ ( national  deliv]ance1 & ! tale
 0 told ( traditional glories1 & !      
?\ghts br\ght back ( bondage rev]s$1 ( !
 des]t pilgrimage  end$1 ( ! promis$ l& 
possess$4 ,! ,jewi% fe/ival 0 no m  ?an 
?is2 unless1 ) ,ar*bi%op ,magee & o!rs1 
we errone\sly  conceive x to be a prop] 
sacrifice4 ,s t ^? :o w\ld  int]pret !  
,"l's ,supp] by ! ,passov] h _! *oice   
betwe5  two views3 t x is a simple      
commemoration2 or t x is an  expiatory  
sacrifice3 9 ! =m] case !y quit ! ,*ur* 
(  ,engl&2 9 ! latt]1 !y fall into !    
,*ur* ( ,rome4    ,b1 9 tru?1 !re is no 
propriety 9 apply+ ! "n ,*ri/ian        
,passov] to ! ,communion4 ,! notion re/s
 entirely on ?is  circum/ance3 t ! fir/ 
?ree ,evangeli/s describe ! la/  ,supp] 
z ! ,pas*al ,supp]4 ,b ! in/itutional "p
 ( t  meal 0 ov] be=e ! cup 0 di/ribut$1

 & ! repetition (  ! act enjo9$4 ,nor is
 !re ! slighte/ trace1 ei!r 9 !         
subsequ5t ,scriptures1 or 9 ! e>lie/    
hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 t  ! ,communion 0     
?\ght to be> relation to ! ,passov]4 ,! 
"t1  ! frequ5cy1 ! mode1 ( ! two 7      
altoge!r diff]5t4 ,inde$1  :5 we obs]ve 
t n "o ( ^! p>ticul>s is prescrib$ &    
det]m9$ by our ,"l at all1 :5 we notice 
! slight & transi5t  mann] 9 :i* he     
drops 8 wi% t !y w\ld d ?is 9           
remembrance ( him1 :5 we comp>e ^!      
features ( ! acc\nt  ) ! elaborate      
precision ( ,moses respect+ h\rs1 &     
mat]ials1  & dates1 & places1 & modes 9 
! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,hebrew  fe/ivals1 x is
 sc>cely possible to avoid ! impression1
 t we  are read+ n>rative1 n law2 an    
utt]ance ( p]sonal affection1  r ?an !  
legislative enactm5t ( an ev]la/+       
in/itution4  ,h[ev] ?is may be1 no      
importance c be atta*$ to ! report$     
co9cid5ce 9 ! "t ( t meal ) ! day (     
,passov]2 = !  ,apo/le ,john1 :o gives  
by f> ! fulle/ acc\nt ( :at happ5$ at  t

 table 7yet nev] m5tions ! in/itution ( 
! ,supp]71 /ates  t ?is 0 n ! pas*al    
meal at all1 :i* did n occur1 he  says1 
till ! foll[+ day ( crucifixion4    ,b1 
x w be said1 ! ,gospels are n ! only    
p>ts ( ,scripture  :5ce ! nature ( !    
,eu*>i/ may be le>n$4 ,language is      
employ$  by ,/4 ,paul 9 ref]5ce to x1   
:i* _c be und]/ood ( a m]e  memorial1 & 
implies t awful consequ5ces hung on !   
wor?y or  unwor?y p>ticipation 9 ! rite4
 ,does he n ev5 say1 t a man may  'eat &
 dr9k damnation to himself1 n disc]n+ ! 
,"l's body'8    ,! passage :5ce ^! words
 are cit$ c]ta9ly ?r[s great light on  !
 in/itution ( :i* we treat2 b !re mu/ be
 a total disreg>d  to ! :ole context & !
 g5]al c\rse ( ! ,apo/le's reason+  be=e
 x c be made to yield any argum5t = !   
my/ical "*  ( ! rite4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! 
,cor9?ian *ur* 0 9 ! habit  ( celebrat+ 
! ,"l's ,supp] 9 a way :i*1 ev5 if x _h 
nev]  be5 disgrac$ by any indecorum1 mu/
 h /ruck a mod]n ,*ri/ian  ) wond] at   
its s+ul>ity4 ,! memb]s met toge!r 9 "o 

room or  *ur*1 ea* br++ 8 own supp]1 (  
su* quantity & quality z  8 opul5ce or  
pov]ty might all[4 ,to ?is ! ,apo/le    
does n  object1 b app>5tly consid]s x a 
"p ( ! e/abli%$  arrangem5t4 ,b ^!      
,*ri/ians 7 divid$ into factions1 & _h  
n le>n$ ! true unit+ _s ( _! fai?2 nor d
 !y seem to  h acquir$ t sobriety (     
habit & sanctity ( m9d :i* _!  pr(ession
 ought to h induc$4 ,:5 !y ent]$ ! place
 (  meet+1 !y broke up into gr\ps &     
p>ties1 class ap>t f class1  & ri*      
des]t+ poor3 ea* set began its sep>ate  
meal1 "s  indulg+ 9 luxury & excess1    
o!rs ) sc>ce ! means ( keep+  !         
commemoration at all2 &1 infam\s to     
tell1 ! bless$ ,supp] (  ! ,"l 0 sunk   
into a tav]n meal4 ,s gross & habitual  
_h !  abuse become1 t ! excesses _h     
affect$ ! heal? & life (  ^! guilty &   
unwor?y p>tak]s4 ,!y _h made no         
di/9ction  betwe5 ! ,communion & an     
ord9>y repa/1 _h lo/ all p]ception (  ! 
memorial significance ( _! meet+1 _h n  
discrim9at$ or  disc]n$ ! ,"l's body2 & 

s !y _h eat5 & drunk judgm5t  7improp]ly
 r5d]$ damnation 9 ! ,engli% ,v]sion7 to
  !mselves2 & _m 7 weak & sickly among  
!m1 & _m ev5  slept4 ,well w\ld x be1 if
 !y w\ld look on ?is z a *a/5+ (  ! ,"l2
 9 :i* case !y might take w>n+1 & escape
 be+ ca/  out ( ! ,*ur*1 & driv5 to take
 _! *ance ) ! unbeliev+  & hea!n _w4 ,:5
 we are judg$1 we are *a/5$ ( ! ,"l1  t 
we %\ld n be condemn$ ) ! _w4    ,9 ord]
 to rem$y all ?is corruption1 ,/4 ,paul 
rem9ds !m1 t to  eat & dr9k "u ! same   
ro(1 9 ! *ur*1 does n con/itute  prop]  
,communion2 t1 to ?is end1 !y mu/ n     
break up into  sections1 & reta9 _!     
prop]ty 9 ! food1 b all p>ticipate      
s]i\sly toge!r4 ,he directs t an        
absolute sep>ation %all be  made betwe5 
! occasions = satisfy+ hung] & ?ir/1 &  
^?  = obs]v+ ?is commemorative rite1    
discrim9at+ c>efully !  memorial ( !    
,"l's body f ev]y?+ else4 ,he ref]s !m  
all  to ! orig9al model ( ! in/itution1 
! p>t+ meal ( ,*ri/  be=e 8 betrayal2 & 
by ?is example1 z a crit]ion1 he w\ld  h

 e man exam9e himself1 & aft] t patt]n  
eat ( !  bread & dr9k ( ! cup4 ,h5ce x  
appe>s1--    ,t ! unwor?y p>tak] 0 !    
riot\s ,cor9?ian1 :o made no  di/9ction 
betwe5 ! sacr$ ,communion & a vulg>     
meal3    ,t ! judgm5t or damnation :i*  
su* br\ght on !mselves1 0  sickl9ess1   
weakness1 & premature b natural dea?3   
,t ! self-exam9ation :i* ! ,apo/le      
recomm5ds to !  communicant is a        
comp>ison ( 8 mode ( keep+ ! rite ) !   
orig9al model ( ! la/ ,supp]3    ,t 9 ! 
,cor9?ian *ur* !re 0 no ,prie/1 or      
(ficiat+  disp5s] ( ! elem5ts2 & t ,/4  
,paul did n contemplate or  recomm5d !  
appo9tm5t ( any su* p]son4    ,! ,"l's  
,supp]1 !n1 ,i conclude1 0 & is a simple
  commemoration4 ,am ,i ask$3 ,( :at8   
,:y1 accord+ to ,unit>ian  views1 ! dea?
 on ! cross m]its ! memorial m ?an !    
rema9+ features ( our ,"l's hi/ory1--m  
ev5 ?an ! dea? (  _m a noble m>tyr1 :o  
has seal$ 8 te/imony to tru? by l       
self-sacrifice8 ,! answ] w be f\nd at   
l5g? 9 ! ,lecture on  ! ,atonem5t1 :]e !

 ,scriptural conceptions ( ,*ri/'s dea? 
are  exp\nd$ 9 detail4 ,mean:ile1 x is  
suffici5t to recall an idea1  :i* has m 
?an once be5 ?r[n out dur+ ?is c\rse2 t1
 if  ,jesus _h tak5 up 8 ,messianic p[] 
)\t dea?1 he w\ld h  rema9$ a ,hebrew1 &
 be5 limit$ to ! p amid :om he 0  born4 
,he quitt$ 8 mortal p]sonality1 he left 
?is fle%ly  tab]nacle ( exi/5ce1 &      
became immortal1 t 8 nationality  might 
be de/roy$1 & all m5 drawn 9 z subjects 
( 8 reign4 ,x  0 ! cross t op5$ to !    
nations ! bless$ ways ( life1 &  put u  
all 9 relations1 n ( law1 b ( love1 to  
him & ,god4  ,h5ce ! memorial ( 8 dea?  
celebrates ! univ]sality &  spirituality
 ( ! ,gospel2 decl>es ! bro!rhood ( m51 
!  fa!rhood ( provid5ce1 ! p]sonal      
aff9ity ( e s\l )  ,god4 ,t is no empty 
rite :i* ov]fl[s ) ^! conceptions4      
,*ri/ianity1 !n1 ,i ma9ta91 is )\t      
,prie/ & )\t ,ritual4  ,x altoge!r      
coalesces ) ! prophetic idea ( religion1
 &  repudiates ! sac]dotal4 ,*ri/       
himself 0 transc5d5tly ,,!  ,,prophet4  

,he br\ght d[n ,god to ?is our life1 &  
left 8 _s  amid its sc5es4 ,! ,apo/les 7
 prophets2 !y c>ri$ t _s  abroad1       
reveal+ ev]y:]e to m5 ! sanctity ( _!   
nature1 &  ! proximity ( _! heav54 ,nor 
am ,i ev5 unwill+ to admit an  apo/olic 
succession1 nev] yet ext9ct1 & nev] m to
 be  ext+ui%$4 ,b !n x is by no means a 
rectil9e> regim5t (  incessant prie/s2 b
 a brok51 scatt]$1 yet glori\s race (   
prophets2 ! g5ealogy ( great & ,*ri/ian 
s\ls1 ?r\gh :om !  primitive conceptions
 ( ,jesus h propagat$ !mselves f age to 
age2 m9d produc+ m9d1 c\rage giv+ bir?  
to c\rage1 tru?  develop+ tru?1 & love  
ev] nurtur+ love1 s long z "o good  &   
noble _s %all act ^u ano!r4 ,lu!r surely
 0 ! *ild  ( ,paul2 & :at a noble (fspr+
 has ris5 to manhood f ,lu!r's  s\l1 :om
 to enum]ate 7 to tell ! be/ triumphs ( 
! mod]n  _w4 ,^! are ,*ri/'s true       
ambassadors2 & nev] did he mean any     
foll[] ( 8 to be call$ a prie/4 ,he has 
8 g5u9e mess5g]1  :]ev]1 9 ! ,*ur* or 9 
! _w1 !re toils any "o ( !  real        

prophets ( our race2 any "o :o c create 
! good & great  9 o!r s\ls1 :e!r by tru?
 ( ^w or de$1 by ! inspiration  ( g5u9e 
spee*1 or ! bett] p[] ( a life m]ciful &
 holy4           99       99       99   
99       99    ,& "h1 my fri5ds1 ) my   
subject might my ,lecture close1 7 x  n 
t we are assembl$ n[ to t]m9ate ?is     
controv]sy2 & t  a few rem>ks 9 ref]5ce 
to its :ole c\rse & _s seem to be       
requir$4    ,t ! rec5t aggression ^u !  
pr9ciples ( ,unit>ian  ,*ri/ianity 0    
prompt$ by no unwor?y motive1 individual
 or  political1 b by a zeal1 ,*ri/ian s 
f> z its _s is  dis9t]e/$1 & un*ri/ian  
only s f> z x is exclusive1 has  nev]   
be5 d\bt$ or d5i$ by my bro!r m9i/]s or 
myself4 ,t  mu* p]sonal consid]ation &  
c\rtesy h be5 ev9c$ t[>ds u  dur+ !     
controv]sy1 x is s grateful to u to     
ackn[l$ge1 t  we mu/ only regret !      
!ological ob/ructions 9 ! way ( t       
mutual k :i* s(t5s ! prejudices &       
corrects ! errors  ( ! closet4 ,f su*   
errors1 ! lot ( our fallible nature1 we 

are deeply aw>e t we _c be exempt1 &    
pr(\ndly wi% t1  by o!rs' aid or by our 
own1 we c\ld discov] !m4 ,mean:ile1 we d
  n feel t our oppon5ts h be5 successful
 9 ! (f] :i*  !y h made1 ( help t[>ds   
?is end4 ,!y are too little  acqua9t$ ) 
our hi/ory & "*1 & h f> too great a     
horror ( u1 to succe$ 9 a design dem&+ r
 ! b5evol5ce  ( sympa?y & tru/ ?an t (  
antipa?y & fe>4 ,h5ce h  aris5 c]ta9    
compla9ts & *>ges aga9/ our sy/em & its 
t5d5cies1 :i*1 hav+ be5 reit]at$ aga9 & 
aga9 9 !  ,*ri/ ,*ur* ,lectures1 &      
sc>cely notic$ 9 our own1 claim a       
conclud+ obs]vation or two n[4    #a4   
,we are said to be infidels 9 disguise1 
& our sy/em to be  drift+ fa/ t[>ds utt]
 unbelief4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is said we  
make great advances t way4    ,x is by  
no means unusual to dismiss ?is *>ge on 
a :irlw9d (  declamation1 design$ to s5d
 x & ! infidel to ! greate/  possible   
di/ance4 ,my fri5d :o deliv]$ ! fir/    
,lecture notic$  x 9 a f> diff]5t _s2 & 
9 a discussion :]e tru? &  wisdom _h any

 *ance1 8 reply w\ld h prev5t$ any      
recurr5ce  to ! /atem5t4 ,let me try to 
imitate him 9 ! te/imony :i* ,i  desire 
to add ^u ?is po9t4    ,e "o1 ,i        
presume1 :o disbelieves any?+1 is1 )    
respect to  t ?+1 an infidel4 ,dep>ture 
f any preval5t & e/abli%$  ideas is     
inevitably an approa* to infidelity2 !  
ext5t ( !  dep>ture1 n ! reasonabl5ess  
or propriety ( x1 is ! sole  measure ( !
 ne>ness ( t approa*2 :i*1 h[ev] wise & 
sob]1 :5 e/imat$ by a true & indep5d5t  
crit]ion1 w  appe>1 to p]sons /rongly   
possess$ by ! asc5dant notions1  no?+   
less ?an al>m+1 amaz+1 awful4 ,9 %ort1 !
 av]age  popul> cre$ ( ! day is ! m5tal 
/&>d1 f :i* ! /adia  are measur$ (f     
t[>ds t invisible1 remote1 nay1 ev5     
imag9>y  place1 lodg$ some:]e )9 *aos1  
call$ utt] unbelief4  ,*ri/ianity at    
fir/ 0 blank infidelity2 & disciples1   
be+ (  c\rse ! a!i/s ( _! day1 7 ?\ght a
 fit prey = !  wild bea/s ( !           
amphi!atre4 ,e rejection ( tradition1   
aga91  is unbelief ) respect to x2 & to 

^? :o hold its au?ority1  x is ! d5ial (
 an ess5tial4 ,x is too evid5t to ne$   
pro(1  t ! av]age popul> belief _c be   
assum$1 by any consid]ate  p]son1 z a   
/&>d ( tru?4 ,to make x an objection    
aga9/ any  class ( m51 t !y dep>t f x1  
is to prove no error aga9/  !m2 & no "o1
 :o is n will+ to call 9 ! passions ( ! 
multitude 9 suffrage on ! controv]sies (
 ! few1 w condesc5d  to en=ce ! *>ge4   
,b only obs]ve h[1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 !
 matt] /&s4 ,9  ! popul> religion we    
disc]n1 mix$ up toge!r1 two con/itu5t   
portions3 c]ta9 peculi> doctr9es :i*    
*>act]ize ! common  ,or?odoxy2 & c]ta9  
univ]sal ,*ri/ian tru?s rema9+1 :5  ^!  
are subtract$4 ,! infidel ?r[s away bo? 
( ^!2 we ?r[  away ! =m] only2 & ?us f>1
 no d\bt1 we p>tially agree )  him4 ,b  
on :at gr\nds d we sev]ally ju/ify ?is  
rejection8 ,9  answ] to ?is "q1 comp>e !
 views1 ) respect bo? to !  au?ority &  
to ! int]pretation ( ,scripture1 held by
 !  ?ree p>ties1 ! ,tr9it>ian1 !        
,unbeliev]1 ! ,unit>ian4 ,!  ,unbeliev] 

does n usually f9d fault ) ! ,or?odox   
int]pretation ( ! ,bible1 b all[s x to  
pass1 z probably !  real mean+ ( ! book1
 only he altoge!r d5ies ! div9e  "* &   
au?ority ( ! :ole religion2 he !re=e    
agrees  ) ! ,tr9it>ian respect+         
int]pretation1 disagrees ) him  respect+
 au?ority4 ,! ,unit>ian1 aga91 admits ! 
div9e  "* ( ,*ri/ianity1 b und]/&s x    
diff]5tly f !  ,tr9it>ian2 he !re=e     
rev]ses ! =m] case1 agrees ) !  ,or?odox
 on ! au?ority1 disagrees respect+      
int]pretation4 ,x  foll[s1 t ) !        
,unbeliev] he agrees 9 nei!r1 & is      
!re=e f>!r f him ?an 8 ,tr9it>ian       
accus]4    ,i h giv5 ?is explanation f  
reg>d simply to logical tru?4 ,i  h no  
desire to jo9 9 ! outcry aga9/ ev5 !    
delib]ate  unbeliev] 9 ! ,gospel1 z if  
he mu/ necess>ily be a fi5d4  ,pr(\ndly 
lov+ & tru/+ ,*ri/ianity myself1 ,i yet 
feel indignant  at ! p]secution :i*     
!ology1 policy1 & law inflict on ! _m   
:o1 ) und5iable ex]cise (               
consci5ti\sness & pati5ce (  rese>*1 are

 yet unable to satisfy !mselves respect+
 its evid5ce4  ,! v ^w infidel1 imply+ n
 simply an intellectual judgm5t1  b bad 
moral qualities1 conveys an unm]it$     
insult1 & ought to be  repudiat$ by e   
g5]\s disputant4 ,! m deeply we tru/    
,*ri/ianity1 ! m %\ld we prote/ aga9/   
its be+ def5d$ by a  body-gu>d (        
passions1 will+ to d = x precisely !    
s]vices  :i* !y might equally r5d] to ! 
vulg>e/ impo/ure4    #b4 ,we 7 rec5tly  
accus$1 amid ackn[l$gm5ts ( our hone/y1 
) want ( anxiety ab\t spiritual tru?2 & 
! foll[+  ju/ification ( ! *>ge 0 (f]$3 
,! ^w ( ,god has in=m$  u1 t !y :o seek 
! tru? %all f9d x2 t !y :o ask =  holy  
wisdom %all receive x2 b x mu/ be a     
really anxi\s  inquiry1--a he>t-felt    
desire = ! bless+4 ',if ?\ seeke/ h]  z 
silv]1 & se>*e/ = h] z = hid treasures1 
!n %alt ?\  und]/& ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 & f9d 
! k ( ,god4' ,su*  promises are         
express1--!y _c be brok51--,god w give !
  bless+ to ! s9c]e1 anxi\s inquir]4 ,b 
! two qualities  mu/ g toge!r4 ,a man   

may be s9c]e 9 8 ignorance & spiritual  
torpor2 b let ! full desire = ,god's    
favor1 8 p>don+ m]cy1  & 8 enlight5+    
grace spr+ up 9 ! he>t1 & we may re/    
assur$ t ! desire w soon be accompli%$4 
,admitt+1 !n1  ! s9c]ity ( ,unit>ians1  
we d\bt _! anxiety1 = we are well       
p]suad$ f ,god's promises1 t1 if !y     
possess$ bo?1 !y  w\ld be deliv]$ f _!  
mis]able sy/em1 & be br\ght to !  k ( ! 
tru?4#aa    ,! praise ( our s9c]ity1    
convey$ 9 ^! bl& s5t5ces1 we  are anxi\s
 to decl9e3 n t we und]value ! quality2 
b  because we f9d1 on ne> inspection1 t 
x has all be5 empti$ out  ( ! ^w be=e   
its pres5tation1 & ! t]m comes to u     
holl[  & wor?less4 ,x af=ds a specim5 ( 
! mode 9 :i* alone our  oppon5ts appe>  
able to give any cr$it to h]etics3 _m   
phrases (  approbation !y freely apply  
to u2 b !y take c>e to draw (f  ! :ole  
mean+ fir/4 ,we mu/ reject ^! ,greek    
pres5ts2 & we  are conc]n$ t any        
,*ri/ian div9e c s torture & desecrate  
! names ( virtue1 z to make !m in/rum5ts

 ( disp>agem5t &  injury4 ,?is play )   
words1 :i* e consci5ce %\ld hold  sacr$1
 & e lip pron\nce ) rev]5ce1--?is       
c>eless &  unmean+ application ( !m 9   
disc\rse1--indicates a loose  adhesion  
to ! m9d ( ! ideas d5ot$ by !m1 :i* we  
reg>d  ) unfeign$ a/oni%m5t & grief4    
,:at1 let me ask1 c be !  s9c]ity ( an  
inquir]1 :o is n anxi\s ab\t !  tru?8   
,h[ c he be s9c]ely p]suad$ t he sees1  
:o  volunt>ily %uts 8 eyes8 ,unless ?is 
^w is to be degrad$ into a  synonyme =  
indol5ce & self-complac5cy1 no pr(ess$  
seek] (  tru? mu/ h ! praise ( s9c]ity1 
:o does n ab&on all  wor%ip ( 8 own /ate
 ( m9d z already p]fect1 :o is n ready  
to li/5 to e calm d\bt z to ! voice (   
heav51--to und]take  ) gratitude ! labor
 ( rea*+ new k1--to ma9ta9 8  fai? & 8  
pr(ession 9 scrupul\s accordance ) 8    
p]ception  ( evid5ce2 &1 at any mom5t ( 
awak5+1 to spr+ f 8 mo/  brilliant      
dreams into ,god's own morn+ light1 ) a 
mat9 hymn ^u  8 lips = 8 new bir? f     
d>kness & f sleep4 ,!  e>ne/ness impli$ 

9 ?is /ate ( m9d is p]haps n precisely !
  same z t ) :i* our ,tr9it>ian oppon5ts
 seem to be famili>4  ,! anxiety :i* !y 
appe> to feel = !mselves is1 to keep  _!
 exi/+ /ate ( belief3 ! anxiety :i* !y  
feel = u  is1 t we %\ld h x4 ,we are to 
hold ourselves ready = a  *ange2 !y are 
n to be expect$ to desire x4 ,if a d\bt 
( our  op9ions %\ld occur to u1 we are  
to fo/] x c>efully1 &  foll[ x out z a  
beckon+ ( ! ,holy ,_s3 if a d\bt ( _!   
s5tim5ts %\ld occur to !m1 !y are to    
cru% x on ! spot1  z a reptile-?\ght s5t
 ( ,satan to tempt !m4 ,our aim1 says ! 
conclud+ ,lectur] aga91 has be5 to beget
 a deep _s (  inquiry2#ab & s has ours1 
,i w\ld reply3 only y & we h  sev]ally  
prosecut$ ?is aim 9 diff]5t ways4 ,we h 
p]sonally  li/5$1 & p]sonally inquir$1 &
 e>ne/ly recomm5d$ all :om  our influ5ce
 c\ld rea*1 to d ! same3 & few inde$ w  
be !  ,unit>ian libr>ies conta9+ "o ( ^!
 s]ies ( ,lectures t  w n exhibit ! o!r 
by its side4 ,y h ent]$ ?is  controv]sy1
 evid5tly /range to our lit]ature &     

hi/ory2 & any  defici5cy 9 su* read+    
be=e1 has n be5 comp5sat$ by anxiety  to
 li/5 n[4 ,y\r p h be5 w>n$ aga9/ u1 &  
are taught  to reg>d ! /udy ( our       
publications z blasphemy at second h&2  
& 7 !y really s simple z to act ^u y\r  
av[$ wi% to  beget a deep _s ( inquiry1 
& plunge into ! inve/igation (          
,unit>ian au?ors1 & judge = !mselves (  
,unit>ian wor%ip1 !y  w\ld spe$ily he> !
 ^w ( recall1 & discov] t !y 7          
practically disappo9t+ ! :ole object (  
?is controv]sy4    ,hav+ said ?us mu*   
respect+ ! unmean+ use ( language 9 !   
,lectur]'s disp>ag+ e/imate ( ,unit>ian 
anxiety1 we may  pr(itably direct a     
mom5t's att5tion to ! reason+ :i* x     
involves4 ,x pres5ts u ) ! /&+ fallacy (
 intol]ance1  :i* is suffici5tly rebuk$ 
by be+ simply exhibit$4 ,our oppon5ts   
reason ?us3--                     ,god w
 n p]mit ! really anxi\s fatally to err3
                   ,! ,unit>ians d      
fatally err3        ,!re=e1 ,!          
,unit>ians are n really anxi\s4    ,n[ x

 is cle> t we mu/ conceive our oppon5ts 
to be no less  mi/ak5 ?an !y suppose u  
to be4 ,!y are z f> f u1 z we  f !m2 & f
 ei!r po9t1 tak5 z a /&>d1 ! measure (  
error mu/ be ! same4 ,moreov]1 we _c b  
eag]ly ass5t to !  pr9ciple ( !         
,lectur]'s fir/ premise1 t ,god w nev]  
let !  truly anxi\s fatally miss _! way4
 ,s t !re is no?+1 9 !  nature ( ! case1
 to prev5t our turn+ ?is same syllogism1
 ) a  *ange 9 ! names ( ! p>ties1 aga9/ 
our oppon5ts4 ,yet we  %\ld %r9k1 )     
sev]e self-reproa*1 f draw+ any su*     
unfavorable conclusion respect+ !m1 z !y
 d$uce ( u4  ,accord+ly1 we manage our  
reason+ ?us3--                     ,god 
w n p]mit ! really anxi\s fatally to    
err3                   ,! ,tr9it>ians %[
 !mselves to be really anxi\s3          
,!re=e1 ,! ,tr9it>ians d n fatally err4 
,our oppon5ts are m sure t _! judgm5t is
 9 ! "r1 ?an  t _! neighbors' consci5ce 
is 9 e>ne/4 ,!y sacrifice o!r  m5's     
*>act]s to _! own self-confid5ce3 we    
w\ld r di/ru/  our self-confid5ce1 &    

rely on ! visible signs ( a good &      
c>eful  m9d4 ,we honor o!r m5's he>ts1 r
 ?an our own heads4 ,h[ c x  be j1 to   
make ! agreem5t betwe5 an oppon5t's     
op9ion & our own  ! crit]ion ( 8 prop]  
conduct ( ! inquiry8 ,e man feels !     
injury ! mom5t ! rule is turn$ aga9/    
himself2 & e good man  %\ld be a%am$ to 
direct x aga9/ 8 bro!r4    #c4 ,our     
rev]5d oppon5ts affect to h labor$ "u a 
great  disadvantage1 f ! abs5ce ( any   
recogniz$ /&>d ( ,unit>ian  belief4 ,we 
give y1 !y say1 our ,articles & ,cre$s1 
:i* we  unanim\sly und]take to def5d1 & 
:i* expose a def9ite object to  all     
h]etical attacks4 ,9 return1 y c furni% 
u ) no  au?oriz$ exposition ( y\r sy/em1
 b leave u to ga!r our  k ( x f         
individual writ]s1 = ^: op9ions y refuse
  to be responsible1 & ^: reason+s1 :5  
refut$ by u1 y c  conv5i5tly dis[n4     
,plausible z ?is compla9t may appe>1 ,i 
v5ture to affirm1 t x  is va/ly easi] to
 asc]ta9 ! common belief ( ,unit>ians1  
?an  t ( ! memb]s ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*2 &

 = ?is pla9  reason1 t ) u !re really is
 su* a ?+ z a common fai?1  ?\gh def9$ 9
 no confession2 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur* !re 
is n1  ?\gh articles & cre$s pr(ess x4  
,! *>act]i/ic t5ets (  ,unit>ian        
,*ri/ianity are s simple & unambigu\s1 t
 little  scope exi/s = v>iety 9 _!      
int]pretation3 to ! propositions        
express+ !m all _! pr(essors atta*      
di/9ct & ! same  ideas2--s f>1 at lea/1 
z su* accordance is possible 9 relation 
to subjects inaccessible bo? to         
demon/ration & to exp]i5ce4 ,b  !       
,tr9it>ian hypo!sis1 v5tur+ )           
presumptu\s analysis f>  into ! ,div9e  
psy*ology1 pres5ts u ) ideas confess$ly 
inappreh5sible2 prop\nd$ 9 language :i*1
 if us$ 9 its ord9>y  s5se1 is          
self-contradictory1 & if n1 is unmean+1 
& ready 9  its empt9ess to be fill$ by  
any arbitr>y int]pretation2--&  actually
 und]/ood s v>i\sly by ^? :o subscribe  
to !m1 t  ! ,calv9i/ & ! ,arm9ian1 !    
,tri!i/ & ! ,sabellian1 unite  to praise
 !m4 ,inde$1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli%     

,*ur*1 s  visible is ! sweep ( ! c5tre (
 ,or?odoxy ov] ! :ole space  f ! conf9es
 ( ,romanism to ! v]ge ( ,unit>ianism1 t
 our  ecclesia/ical *ronology is measur$
 by its oscillations4 ,our  respect$    
oppon5ts "k full well1 t x is n necess>y
 to se>*  beyond ! cl]gy ( ?is t[n1 or  
ev5 beyond ! morn+ &  aft]noon prea*+ 9 
"o & ! same *ur*1 9 ord] to enc\nt]     
great] contra/s 9 !ology1 ?an c\ld be   
f\nd 9 a :ole libr>y  ( ,unit>ian       
div9ity4 ,:at mock]y1 !n1 to ref] u to  
^!  articles z expositions ( cl]ical    
belief1 :5 ! mom5t we pass  beyond !    
words1 & address ourselves to ! s5se1 e 
%ade (  contr>iety appe>s2 & no "o      
def9ite conception c be adopt$ (  su* a 
doctr9e z t ( ! ,tr9ity1 )\t "s *ur*    
expositor  or o!r />t+ up to rebuke x z 
a misrepres5tation6 ,h[ poor !  pride ( 
uni=mity1 :i* cont5ts itself )          
lip-s]vice to !  symbol1 9 ! mid/ (     
he>t-burn+s ab\t ! reality6    ,9 ord]  
to te/ ! =ce ( ! objection to :i* ,i am 
ref]r+1  let u adv]t1 9 detail1 to !    

topics :i* exhibit ! ,unit>ian  &       
,tr9it>ian !ology 9 mo/ direct          
opposition4 ,x w appe>  t ! advantage ( 
unity lies1 9 ?is in/ance1 on ! side (  
h]esy2 & t1 if multi=mity be a prime    
*>act]i/ic ( error1  !re is a wide      
diff]5ce betwe5 or?odoxy & tru?4 ,!re   
are f\r  great subjects compris$ 9 !    
controv]sy betwe5 ! ,*ur* &  ourselves3 
! nature ( ,god2 ( ,*ri/2 ( s92 (       
puni%m5t4 ,on  ^! sev]al po9ts 7:i*1    
consid]$ z involv+ on our "p  d5ials (  
previ\s ideas1 may be reg>d$ z conta9+ !
  negative elem5ts ( our belief7 all our
 mod]n writ]s1 )\t  mat]ial v>iation or 
exception1 ma9ta9 ! foll[+ doctr9es3--  
,,unit>ian ,,doctr9es1 oppos$ to ,,*ur* 
,,doctr9es4      #a4 ,! ,p]sonal ,unity 
( ,god4     #a4 ,! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4    
#b4 ,! ,simplicity ( ,nature 9    #b4   
,two ,di/9ct ,natures 9       ,*ri/4    
,*ri/4      #c4 ,! ,p]sonal ,orig9 &    
#c4 ,! ,transf]able ,nature             
,id5tity ( ,s94                  &      
,vic>i\s ,removal                       

( ,s94      #d4 ,! ,f9ite ,duration (   
,future  #d4 ,! ,et]nity ( ,hell        
,suff]+4                                
,torm5ts4    ,n[ no "o at all famili> ) 
polemical lit]ature c d5y t !  modes &  
ambiguities ( doctr9e compris$ 9 ?is    
,tr9it>ian li/  are m num]\s ?an c be   
detect$ 9 ! p>allel h]esies4 ,i  am     
will+1 inde$1 to admit an exception 9   
respect to ! la/ (  ! topics1 & to all[ 
t ! belief 9 ! f9ite duration (  future 
puni%m5t has oppos$ itself1 9 two =ms1  
to ! s+le  doctr9e ( ev]la/+ torm5ts4 ,b
 :5 ! sy/ems are comp>$ at  _! o!r      
correspond+ po9ts1 ! boa/ ( or?odox     
uni=mity  in/antly vani%es4 ,s9ce !     
primitive jeal\sy betwe5 ! ,jewi%  &    
,g5tile ,*ri/ianity1 ! rivalry betwe5 ! 
,mon>*y & !  ,economy1 ! believ]s 9 !   
p]sonal unity ( ,god1 ?\gh (t5  sev]$ by
 ages f ea* o!r1 h held t maje/ic tru? 9
 "o  unv>i$ =m4 ,nev] 0 !re an idea s   
(t5 lo/ & recov]$1  yet s absolutely    
un*ang$3 a sublime b occasional visitant
 ( !  human m9d1 assur+ u ( ! p]petual  

on5ess ( our own nature1 z  well z !    
,div9e4 ,we c po9t to no unbrok5        
cont9uity ( our  great doctr9e3 & if we 
c\ld1 we %\ld appeal ) no confid5ce  to 
! evid5ce ( s dubi\s a ph5om5on2 = if a 
sy/em ( ideas  once ga9s possession (   
society1 & attracts to itself complicat$
  int]e/s & feel+s1 _m causes may       
suffice to insure its  indef9ite        
pres]vation4 ,b we c po9t to a great]   
ph5om5on3 to  ! long & repeat$ ext9ction
 ( our favorite belief1 to its          
subm]sion b5ea? a d>k & re/less         
fanaticism2 & its inv>iable             
resurrection1 l a necess>y intuition ( !
 s\l1 9 times (  pur] light1 ) its      
features /ill ! same2 /amp$ )           
imp]i%able id5tity ( tru?1 &1 l him to  
:om x ref]s1  )\t v>iabl5ess or %ad[ ( a
 turn+4 ,mean:ile1 :o w  und]take to    
enum]ate & def9e ! succession (         
,tr9ities by :i*  ?is doctr9e has be5   
bewild]$ & bani%$8 ,pass+ by !          
,ari/otelian1 ! ,platonic1 ! ,cic]onian1
 ! ,c>tesian  ,tr9ity1--quitt+ ! /ormy  

disputes & contradictory decisions (  ! 
e>ly c\ncils1 %all we f9d among ev5 !   
mod]n fa!rs ( our  ,national ,*ur* any  
approa* to unanimity8 ,am ,i to be      
cont5t ) !  doctr9e ( ,bi%op ,bull1 &   
subord9ate ! ,son to ! ,fa!r z !  sole  
f\nta9 ( div9ity8 ,or mu/ ,i rise to !  
,tri!ism (  ,wat]l& & ,%]lock8 or1      
accept+ ! fam\s decision ( !  ,univ]sity
 ( ,ox=d1 desc5d1 ) ,ar*bi%op ,:ately1  
to ! modal  ,tr9ity ( ,s\? & ,wallis8   
,are we to und]/& ! phrase1 ?ree        
p]sons1 to mean ?ree be+s unit$ by      
p]i*oresis1 ?ree mutual  inexi/5ces1    
?ree modes1 ?ree diff]5ces1 ?ree        
contemplations1 or ?ree some:ats2 or1   
be+ told t ?is is  b a va9 pry+ into a  
my/]y1 %all we be satisfi$ to leave !   
phrase )\t idea at all8 ,x is to ! la/  
degree a/oni%+ to  he> f ,tr9it>ian     
div9es ! praises ( uni=mity ( belief2   
see+ t x is "o ( ! *ief labors (        
ecclesia/ical hi/ory to  record !       
incessant ef=t1 va9 to ! pres5t day1 to 
give "s  /ability ( mean+ to !          

fundam5tal doctr9es ( _! fai?4    ,!    
same rem>k applies1 ) little            
modification1 to ! opposite views       
respect+ ! p]son ( ! ,savi\r4 ,x is     
true1 t ,unit>ians1  agre$ respect+ !   
s+l5ess ( nature 9 ,*ri/1 diff] respect+
  ! natural rank ( t nature1 :e!r 8 s\l 
7 human or angelic4  ,b1 = ?is solit>y  
v>iety among ^! h]etics1 h[ _m doctr9es 
( ! ,logos & ! ,inc>nation does ,or?odox
 lit]ature conta98 ,c  any "o affirm1 t1
 :5 ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus _h arbitrat$   
betwe5  ! ,euty*ian doctr9e (           
absorption1 & ! ,ne/orian doctr9e (     
sep>ation1 all d\bt & ambiguity 0 remov$
 by ! magic phrase  hypo/atic union8    
,s9ce ! monophysite conte/ 0 at its     
height1 has  ! ,virg9 ,m>y be5 left 9   
undisput$ possession ( h] title z  ,"m (
 ,god8 ,has ! ,et]nal ,g5]ation ( ! ,son
 enc\nt]$ no  or?odox suspicions1 & !   
,indwell+ s*eme receiv$ no or?odox      
support8 ,& if we ask ^! que/ions3 ,:at 
respectively happ5$ to  ! two natures on
 ! cross8 :at has become ( ,*ri/'s human

 s\l  n[8 is x sep>ate f ! ,godhead1 l  
any o!r immortal _s1 or  is x add$ to ! 
,deity1 s z to introduce into 8 nature a
 new &  f\r? elem5t8 %all we receive f !
 _m voices ( ! ,*ur* b  "o accordant    
answ]8 ,nay1 d ! au?ors ( ?is controv]sy
 suppose  t1 dur+ its %ort cont9uance1  
!y h be5 able to ma9ta9  _! unanimity8  
,if !y d1 ,i believe t any read] :o ?9ks
 x  wor? :ile to regi/] ! v>ieties (    
error1 w\ld be able to  undeceive !m4   
,if ! div]sities ( doctr9e _c easily &  
(t5  be %[n to am\nt to palpable        
inconsi/5cies1 ?is mu/ be ascrib$1 ,i   
believe1 to ! my/ic & te*nical          
phraseology1 ! sub/itute r  ?an !       
expression = precise ideas1--:i* has    
become ! v]nacul>  dialect ( or?odox    
div9ity4 ,! j>gon ( !ology af=ds a field
  too b>r5 to be> s vigor\s a we$ z an  
undisput$ contradiction4    ,x is       
ne$less to dwell on ! num]\s =ms "u :i* 
! doctr9e  ( ,atonem5t has be5 held by  
^? :o subscribe ! articles ( our        
,national ,*ur*2 :ile its ,unit>ian     

oppon5ts h tak5 _! fix$  /ation on !    
p]sonal "* & untransf]able nature ( s94 
,"o  writ] tells u t only ! human nature
 p]i%$ on ! cross2  ano!r1 t ,god       
himself expir$3 "s say1 t ,*ri/ suff]$  
no  m int5sely1 b only m m]itori\sly1   
?an _m a m>tyr2  o!rs1 t he endur$ !    
:ole quantity ( torm5t due to ! wick$   
:om he r$eem$3 "s1 t x is ! spotlessness
 ( 8 manhood t  is imput$ to believ]s2  
o!rs1 t x is ! hol9ess ( 8 ,deity4  ,f !
 high doctr9e ( satisfaction to ! v v]ge
 ( ,unit>ian  h]esy1 e v>iety (         
int]pretation has be5 giv5 to ! language
  ( ! e/abli%$ =mul>ies respect+        
,*ri/ian r$emption4 ,nor is  x yet      
det]m9$ :e!r1 9 ! lott]y ( op9ion1 ! "n 
( ,ow51  ,sykes1 or ,magee %all be drawn
 = ! prize ( or?odoxy4    ,& if1 f ^?   
p>ts ( our belief to :i* ! accid5ts ( _!
  hi/orical orig9 h giv5 a negative "*1 
we turn to ^?  :i* are positive1 n !    
slighte/ reason w appe> = *>g+  !m )    
unc]ta9ty & fluctuation4 ,all ,unit>ian 
writ]s ma9ta9  ! ,moral ,p]fection &    

,fa!rly ,provid5ce ( ! ,inf9ite ,rul]2 !
  ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ^: p]son
 & _s !re is a  ,revelation ( ,god & a  
,sanctification = ,man2 !               
,responsibility &  ,retributive         
,immortality ( m52 & ! ne$ ( a pure &   
dev\t he>t  ( ,fai?1 z ! s\rce ( all    
outw>d goodness & inw>d communion  )    
,god4 ,^! great & self-lum9\s po9ts1    
b\nd toge!r by  natural aff9ity1        
con/itute ! fix$ c5tre ( our religion4  
,& on  subjects beyond ?is c5tre we h no
 wid] div]g5ces ?an are f\nd  among ^?  
:o atta* !mselves to an opposite sy/em4 
,= example1  ! relations betwe5         
,scripture & ,reason1 z evid5ces &      
guides 9  que/ions ( doctr9e1 are n m   
unsettl$ among u1 ?an are !  relations  
betwe5 ,scripture & ,tradition 9 !      
,*ur*4 ,nor is !  p]petual au?ority ( ! 
,*ri/ian rites s mu* 9 debate among our 
m9i/]s1 z ! efficacy ( ! sacram5ts among
 ! cl]gy4 ,9 tru?1  our div]sities (    
s5tim5t affect f> less :at we believe1  
?an !  "q :y we believe x4 ,diff]5t     

modes ( reason+1 &  diff]5t results (   
int]pretation1 are no d\bt to be f\nd   
among our  sev]al au?ors4 ,we all make  
our appeal to ! records ( ,*ri/ianity2  
b we h vot$ no p>ticul> comm5tator into 
! seat ( au?ority4  ,& is n ?is equally 
true ( our oppon5ts' ,*ur*8 ,_! articles
  & cre$s furni% no textual expositions 
( ,scripture1 b only results  &         
d$uctions f its /udy4 ,& s v>i\sly h ^! 
results be5  elicit$ f ! sacr$ writ+s1 t
 sc>cely a text c be adduc$  9 def5ce ( 
! ,tr9it>ian s*eme1 :i* "s witness      
unexceptionably  or?odox may n be       
summon$ to prove inapplicable4 ,9 f9e1  
we h no  great] v>iety ( critical &     
exegetical op9ion ?an ! div9es f  :om we
 diss5t2 :ile ! sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity 9   
:i* our  ,scriptural labors h issu$1 has
 its lead+ *>act]i/ics bett]  det]m9$ & 
m appreh5sible ?an ! s*eme :i* !        
articles &  cre$s h va9ly labor$ to     
def9e4    ,! refusal to embody our      
s5tim5ts 9 any au?oritative =mula       
appe>s to /rike obs]v]s z a :imsical    

exception to ! g5]al  practice ( *ur*es4
 ,! peculi>ity has _h its orig9 9       
h]$it>y  & hi/orical associations2 b x  
has its def5ce 9 ! noble/  pr9ciples (  
religi\s fre$om & ,*ri/ian communion4   
,at pres5t1  x mu/ suffice to say1 t our
 societies are d$icat$1 n to  !ological 
op9ions1 b to religi\s wor%ip2 t !y h   
ma9ta9$ ! unity ( ! _s1 )\t insi/+ on   
any unity (  doctr9e2 t ,*ri/ian lib]ty1
 love1 & piety are _! ess5tials  9      
p]petuity1 b _! ,unit>ianism an accid5t 
( a few or _m  g5]ations1--:i* has      
aris51 & might vani%1 )\t ! loss (  _!  
id5tity4 ,we believe 9 ! mutability (   
religi\s sy/ems1 b  ! imp]i%able "* ( ! 
religi\s affections2--9 !               
progressiv5ess ( op9ion )91 z well z    
)\t1 ! limits (  ,*ri/ianity4 ,our      
=efa!rs *]i%$ ! same conviction2 & s1  n
 hav+ be5 born intellectual bondsm51 we 
desire to leave our  successors free4   
,conv9c$ t uni=mity ( doctr9e c nev]    
prevail1 we seek to atta9 its only      
good--peace on e>? & communion  )       

,heav5--)\t x4 ,we aim to make a true   
,*ri/5dom1--a  commonweal? ( !          
fai?ful1--by ! b9d+ =ce1 n (            
ecclesia/ical cre$s1 b ( spiritual wants
 & ,*ri/ian  sympa?ies2 & indulge !     
vision ( a ,*ur* t 9 ! latt]  days %all 
arise1 l ! m\nta9 ( ! ,"l1 be>+ on its  
asc5t ! blossoms ( ?\ght prop] to e     
intellectual clime1 &  )al massively    
root$ 9 ! deep places ( our humanity1 & 
gladly  ris+ to meet ! sun%9e f on high4
    ,& n[1 fri5ds & bre?r51 let u say a 
glad f>ewell to !  fretfulness (        
controv]sy1 & retreat aga91 ) ?anksgiv+1
 into  ! int]ior ( our own v5]at$ tru?4 
,hav+ come =?1 at !  sev]] call ( duty1 
to d battle = x1 ) su* =ce z ,god       
v\*safes to ! s9c]e1 let u g 9 to live &
 wor%ip b5ea?  its %elt]4 ,!y tell y x  
is n ! true fai?4 ,p]haps n2 b  !n y ?9k
 x s2 & t is en\gh to make y\r duty     
cle>1 &  to draw f x1 z f no?+ else1 ! v
 peace ( ,god4 ,may be1  we are on our  
way to some?+ bett]1 unexi/5t & unse5 z 
yet1  :i* may p5etrate our s\ls ) nobl] 

affection1 & give a fre%  spontaneity ( 
love to ,god & all immortal ?+s4 ,p]haps
 !re  _c be ! true/ life ( fai?1 except 
9 scatt]$ individuals1  till ?is age (  
conflict+ d\bt & dogmatism %all h pass$ 
away4 ,d>k & lead5 cl\ds ( mat]ialism   
hide ! heav5 f u2  r$ gleams (          
fanaticism pi]ce ?r\gh1 va9ly /riv+ to  
reveal x2  & n till ! weight is heav$ f 
(f ! air1 & ! ?und]s  roll d[n !        
horizon1 w ! s]5e light ( ,god fl[ ^u u1
 &  ! blue inf9ite embrace u aga94      
,mean:ile we mu/ rev]5tly love  ! fai?  
we h2 to quit x = "o t we h n1 7 to lose
  ! brea? ( life & die4    ,,footnotes3 
#c ,conf]5ce ) ,fi%]1  #ae2 quot$ 9     
,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4  #gf4 ,cat5a   
,patrum1 ,no4 ,,ii4 p4 #ah4    #d ,(    
,p]sons dy+ )\t ,baptism1 p4 #igi2 quot$
 9 loc4 cit4  pp4 #ai1 #bj4    #e       
,hi/ory ( ,popi% ,transub/antiation1    
,*ap4 ,,iv42 pr9t$ 9 !  ,tracts = !     
,times1 ,no4 ,,xxvii4 pp4 #ad1 #ae4     
#f ,bi%op ( ,exet]'s ,*>ge1 deliv]$ at 8
 ,tri5nial ,visitation  9 ,augu/1       

,septemb]1 & ,octob]1 #ahcf1 pp4 #dd-dg4
    #g ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,no4 ,,iv4 p4
 #e4    #h ,ibid41 ,no4 ,v4 pp4 #i1 #aj4
    #i ,ar*bi%op ,:ately1 speak+ ( ! ^w 
& its mean+1  says3 ,?is is an (fice    
assign$ to none "u ! ,gospel s*eme1     
except ! ,,"o great ,high-,prie/1 ( :om 
! ,jewi% prie/s 7  types4 7,elem5ts (   
,logic4 ,app5dix3 ,note on ! ^w ,prie/47
 ,( !  ,gospel s*eme ?is is q true2 ( ! 
,*ur*-(-,engl& s*eme  x is n4 ,!re lies 
be=e me ,duport's ,greek v]sion ( !     
,pray]-,book & ,(fices ( ! ,anglican    
,*ur*3 & turn+ to !  ,communion ,s]vice1
 ,i f9d ! (ficiat+ cl]gyman call$       
?r\gh\t4 ,! abs5ce ( ?is ^w f ! records 
( ! primitive  ,gospel1 & its pres5ce 9 
! ,pray]-,book1 is p]fectly expressive  
( ! diff]5ce 9 ! _s ( ! two sy/ems2--!  
diff]5ce  betwe5 ! ,*ur* )1 & !         
,*ri/ianity )\t ,prie/4    #aj ,see     
,rom4 vi4 #b-d3 ,h[ %all we1 t are dead 
to s91 live any  long] !re98 ,"k ye n1 t
 s _m ( u z 7 baptiz$ into  ,jesus ,*ri/
 7 baptiz$ into 8 dea?8 ,!re=e we are   

buri$ )  him by baptism into dea?2 t1 l 
z ,*ri/ 0 rais$ up f !  dead by ! glory 
( ! ,fa!r1 ev5 s we also %\ld walk 9    
newness  ( life4 ,mr4 ,locke obs]ves (  
,/4 ,paul's argum5t1 t x is to  %[ 9 :at
 /ate ( life we ought to be rais$ out ( 
baptism1 9  similitude & con=mity to t  
/ate ( life ,*ri/ 0 rais$ into  f !     
grave4 ,see also ,col4 ii4 #ab3 ,ye are 
444 buri$ ) him 9  baptism1 :]e9 also ye
 are ris5 ) him ?r\gh ! fai? ( !        
op]ation ( ,god1 :o ha? rais$ him f !   
dead4 ,! =ce ( !  image cle>ly dep5ds on
 ! s9k+ & ris+ 9 ! wat]4    #aa ,mr4    
,dalton's ,lecture on ! ,et]nity (      
,future ,rew>ds &  ,puni%m5ts1 p4 #gfj4 
#ab ,mr4 ,dalton's ,lecture1 p4 #gfj4   
,,inconsi/5cy ,,( ,,! ,,s*eme ,,(       
,,vic>i\s ,,r$emption4        ,nei!r is 
!re salvation 9 any o!r2 = !re is none  
o!r      "n "u heav5 giv5 among m51     
:]eby we mu/ be      sav$4--,acts iv4   
#ab4      ,! sc5e :i* we h ?is ev5+ to  
visit & explore1 is sep>at$  f u by !   
space ( eighte5 c5turies2 yet ( no?+ on 

?is e>?  has ,provid5ce left1 )9 ! %ad[s
 ( ! pa/1 s vivid & div9e  an image4    
,g5tly ris+ above ! mighty field ( ! _w1
 ,calv>y's  m\rnful hill appe>s1 cov]$ )
 sil5ce n[1 b di/9ctly %[+  ! heav5ly   
light t /ruggl$ !re ?r\gh ! /ormie/     
elem5ts  ( guilt4 ,nor ne$ we only gaze1
 z on a motionless picture t closes  !  
vi/a ( ,*ri/ian ages4 ,p]mitt+ hi/ory to
 take u by ! h&1  we may pace back 9    
pilgrimage to ! h\r1 till its gr\ps /&  
ar\nd  u1 & pass by u1 & its voices (   
passion & ( grief mock & wail  ^u our   
e>4 ,z we m+le ) ! cr[d :i*1 amid noise 
& du/1  foll[s ! condemn$ prison]s to ! 
place ( execution1 & fix our  eye on !  
fa9t & pant+ figure ( "o t be>s 8 cross1
 c\ld  we b :isp] to ! sleek prie/s     
close by1 h[ might we />tle !m1  by     
tell+ !m ! future fate ( ?is brief      
trag$y1--brief 9 act1 9  bless+ ev]la/+2
 t ?is ,galilean convict %all be ! _w's 
confess$ deliv]]1 :ile !y t h br\ght him
 to ?is %all be  ! scorn & by-^w ( !    
nations2 t t vile in/rum5t (  torture1  

n[ s abject t x makes ! dy+ slave m     
s]vile1  %all be made1 by ?is victim &  
?is h\r1 ! symbol ( :atev] is  holy &   
sublime2 ! emblem ( hope & love2 press$ 
to ! lips (  ages2 consecrat$ by a      
v5]ation :i* makes ! sceptre seem       
trivial  z an infant's toy4 ,mean:ile1 !
 sac]dotal hypocrites1 unconsci\s (  !  
"p !y play1 wat* to ! end ! public murd]
 :i* !y h  privately suborn$2 /eal+ a   
phrase f ,scripture1 t !y may mock  )   
holy lips2 & leav+ to ! plebeian soldi]s
 ! mutual je/ &  brutal laugh1 t s]ve to
 beguile ! hir$ b hat$ "w ( agony1  & t 
draw =? f ! suff]] t bur/ ( =giv+ pray]1
  :i* sunk at lea/ into _! c5turion's   
he>t4 ,"o !re is1 :o  %\ld h be5 sp>$ ! 
he>+ ( ^! sc(fs2 & p]haps %e  he>d !m n2
 = be=e 8 nature 0 exhau/$ m1 8 eye     
detects & 8 voice addresses h]1 & tw9es 
r\nd h] ! filial arm  ( t disciple1 :o  
_h be5 ev] ! mo/ lov+ z well z mo/      
belov$4 ,%e at lea/ lo/ ! religion ( t  
h\r 9 its humanity1  & beheld n !       
prophet1 b ! son3--_h n h] own h&s      

wr\ght  t seamless robe = :i* ! soldi]s'
 lot is ca/2 & h] own lips  taught him t
 /ra9 ( sacr$ poetry1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1
 :y ha/ ?\  =sak5 me8 b nev] _h %e ?\ght
 to he> x ?us4 ,z ! cries  become fa9t] 
& fa9t]1 sc>cely d !y rea* ,pet] /&+ af>
  (f4 ,! la/ notice ( him _h be5 !      
rebuk+ look t s5t him to  weep bitt]ly2 
& n[ ! voice t alone c tell him 8       
=giv5ess  w soon be gone6 ,brok5 h>dly  
less1 ?\gh )\t remorse1 is !  y\?ful    
,john1 to see t head1 lately re/+ on 8  
bosom1 droop+  passively 9 dea?2 & to   
he> ! involunt>y %riek ( ,m>y1 z !  spe>
 /ruck ^u ! lifeless body1 mov+ n[ only 
z x is  mov$2--:5ce he alone1 on :om %e 
lean$1 records ! fact4 ,well  might !   
,galilean fri5ds /& at a di/ance gaz+2  
unable to dep>t1  yet n d>+ to approa*2 
well might ! multitudes t _h cri$       
,crucify him6 9 ! morn+1 %udd] at !     
?\ght ( t clamor ere  night2 behold+ !  
?+s t _h come to pass1 !y smote _!      
brea/s & return$4    ,?is is ! sc5e (   
:i* we h to seek ! int]pretation4 ,our  

fir/ natural impression is1 t x requires
 no int]pretation1 b  speaks = itself2 t
 x has no my/]y1 except t :i* belongs   
to ! triumphs ( deep guilt1 & !         
sanctities ( dis9t]e/$  love4 ,to raise 
our eye to t s]5e c\nt5ance1 to li/5 to 
t  submissive voice1 to note ! subjects 
( its utt]ance1 w\ld give u  no idea (  
any my/ic horror conceal$ beh9d ! human 
features (  ! sc5e2 ( any invisible     
contortions1 z f ! la% ( demons1  9 !   
s\l ( t holy victim2 ( any sympa!tic    
connection ( t  cross ) ! bottomless pit
 on ! "o h&1 & ! highe/ heav5  on ! o!r2
 ( any moral revolution ?r\gh\t our     
portion ( !  univ]se1 ( :i* ?is public  
execution is b ! outw>d signal4  ,!     
hi/orians drop no h9t t its suff]+s1 its
 affections1 its  relations1 7 o!r ?an  
human1--rais$ inde$ to di/9ction by     
miracul\s accompanim5ts2 b intr9sically1
 h[ev] signally1 human4  ,!y m5tion1 z  
if be>+ "s appreciable proportion to !  
:ole  s]ies ( incid5ts1 p>ticul>s s     
slight1 z to vani% be=e any  o!r ?an !  

obvi\s hi/orical view ( ! transaction2 !
 ?ir/1  ! sponge1 ! r5t clo!s1 ! m+l$   
dr9k4 ,!y ascribe no  s5tim5t to !      
crucifi$1 except su* z might be express$
 by "o  ( l nature ) ourselves1 9 !     
consci\sness ( a f9i%$ "w  ( duty1 & a  
fidelity nev] brok5 "u ! /ra9 ( heavie/ 
trial4 ,! n>rative is cle>ly !          
production ( m9ds fill$1 n  ) !ological 
anticipations1 b ) hi/orical            
recollections4    ,) ?is view ( ,*ri/'s 
dea?1 :i* is su* z might be  ent]ta9$ by
 any ( ! primitive *ur*es1 hav+ "o ( !  
,gospels only1 )\t any ( ! ,epi/les1 we 
are cont5t4 ,i conceive  ( x1 !n1 z     
manife/+ ! la/ degree ( moral p]fection 
9 !  ,holy ,"o ( ,god2 & believe t1 9   
?us be+ an expression (  "*1 x has its  
prim>y & ev]la/+ value4 ,i conceive ( x 
z ! ne$ful prelim9>y to 8 resurrection &
 asc5sion1 by :i*  ! sev]e/ difficulties
 9 ! !ory ( ,provid5ce1 life1 & duty    
are alleviat$ or solv$4 ,i conceive ( x 
z imm$iately procur+  ! univ]sality &   
spirituality ( ! ,gospel2 by dissolv+ ^?

  corporeal ties :i* gave nationality to
 ,jesus1 & mak+ him1 9 8  heav5ly &     
immortal =m1 ! ,messiah ( humanity2     
bless+1  sanctify+1 reg5]at+1 n a p f ! 
c5tre ( ,j]usalem1  b a _w f 8 /ation 9 
! heav5s4 ,& ^! views1 "u  unimportant  
modifications1 ,i submit1 are ! only    
ones ( :i*  ,scripture conta9s a trace4 
,all ?is1 h[ev]1 we are assur$1 is ! m]e
 outside aspect ( !  crucifixion2 &     
:olly insignificant comp>$ ) ! invisible
  "* & relations ( ! sc5e2 :i*1 localiz$
 only on e>?1  has its *ief effect 9    
hell2 &1 ?\gh pres5t+ itself among !    
occurr5ces ( "t1 is a repeal ( !        
decretals ( ,et]nity4 ,! be+  :o hangs  
^u t cross is n man alone2 b also !     
ev]la/+  ,god1 :o creat$ & upholds all  
?+s1 ev5 ! sun t n[ d>k5s  its face ^u  
him1 & ! murd]]s :o are wait+ = 8 expir+
  cry4 ,! angui% he endures is n *iefly 
t :i* falls s  poignantly on ! eye & e> 
( ! spectator2 ! injur$ human           
affections1 ! dreadful mom5t>y d\bt2 !  
pulses ( physical  torture1 d\bl+ on him

 ) full or brok5 wave1 till driv5 back  
by  ! ov]:elm+ p[] ( love dis9t]e/$ &   
div9e4 ,b he is  judicially ab&on$ by ! 
,inf9ite ,fa!r2 :o exp5ds on him !      
immeasurable wra? due to an apo/ate     
race1 ga!rs up into an h\r !  lightn+s (
 ,et]nity1 & lets !m loose ^u t b5d$    
head4 ,x is  ! mom5t ( retributive      
ju/ice2 ! expiation ( all human guilt3  
t op5 br[ hides b5ea? x ! despair (     
millions ( m52 & to  ! int5sity ( agony 
!re1 no human wail c\ld give expression4
  ,mean:ile1 ! future bright5s on !     
elect2 ! tempe/s t hung  ov] _! horizon 
are sp5t4 ,! v5geance ( ! lawgiv] hav+  
_h  its way1 ! sun%9e ( a ,fa!r's grace 
breaks =?1 & lights up1  ) hope &       
beauty1 ! e>?1 :i* _h be5 a des]t (     
despair &  s94 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1    
,*ri/1 9 8 dea?1 0 a prop]  expiatory   
sacrifice2 he turn$ aside1 by endur+ x =
 !m1 !  inf9ite puni%m5t ( s9 f all pa/ 
or future believ]s 9 ?is  efficacy ( !  
cross2 & transf]r$ to !m ! natural      
rew>ds (  8 own righte\sness4 ,an       

acceptance ( ?is doctr9e is decl>$ to be
  ! prime condition ( ! ,div9e =giv5ess2
 = no "o :o does n  see ! p>don c h x4  
,& ?is p>don1 aga91 ?is cle> score  = ! 
pa/1 is a necess>y prelim9>y to all     
sanctification2 to all  practical op5+ (
 a dis9t]e/$ he>t t[>ds our ,creator &  
man4  ,p>don1 & ! p]ception ( x1 are !  
ne$ful preludes to t  con=m+ love to    
,god & m51 :i* is ! true ,*ri/ian       
salvation4    ,! evid5ce 9 support ( ?is
 !ory is d]iv$ p>tly f natural          
appe>ances1 p>tly f ,scriptural         
ann\ncem5ts4 ,involv+1 z x  does1       
/atem5ts respect+ ! actual condition (  
human nature1 &  ! _w 9 :i* we live1 "s 
appeal to exp]i5ce1 & to !  rational    
int]pretation ( life & ,provid5ce1 is   
inevitable2 & h5ce  c]ta9 propositions1 
affect+ to be ( a philosophical "*1 are 
laid d[n z fundam5tal by ! advocates (  
?is sy/em4 ,yet x is  admitt$1 t direct 
revelation only c\ld h acqua9t$ u1 ei!r 
) our lo/ condition1 or our vic>i\s     
recov]y2 & t all we c  expect to        

accompli% ) nature1 is to h>monize :at  
we obs]ve !re  ) :at we read 9 ! writt5 
records ( ,god's w2 s t ! ma9  /ress ( !
 argum5t re/s on ! int]pretation (      
,scripture4 ,!  pr9ciples d$uc$ f !     
nature ( ?+s1 & laid d[n z a basis  =   
?is doctr9e1 may be ?us repres5t$3--    
,t man ne$s a ,r$eem]2 hav+ obvi\sly    
fall51 by "s disa/]1  into a /ate (     
mis]y & guilt1 f :i* ! wor/ p5al        
consequ5ces mu/ be appreh5d$2 & 7 x n = 
! probability  ( su* lapse f ! condition
 9 :i* x 0 fa%ion$1 x w\ld  be          
impossible to reconcile ! ph5om5a ( ! _w
 ) ! ju/ice  & b5evol5ce ( its ,creator4
    ,t ,deity only c r$eem2 s9ce1 to    
pres]ve v]acity1 ! p5alty  ( s9 mu/ be  
inflict$2 & ! div]sion only1 n !        
annihilation  ( x1 is possible4 ,to let 
x fall on angels w\ld fail ( ! desir$   
end2 because human s91 hav+ be5 direct$ 
aga9/ an ,inf9ite  ,be+1 has incurr$ an 
inf9itude ( puni%m5t2 :i* on no creat$  
be+s c\ld be exhau/$ 9 any p]iod %ort ( 
et]nity4 ,only a  nature /rictly inf9ite

 c compress )9 itself1 9 ! compass (  an
 h\r1 ! woes di/ribut$ ov] ! immortality
 ( mank9d4 ,h5ce1  7 ,god p]sonally ,"o1
 l man1 no r$emption c\ld be effect$2  =
 !re w\ld be no ,deity to suff]1 except 
! v ,"o :o mu/  puni%4 ,b ! triplicity (
 ! ,godhead relieves all difficulty2  =1
 :ile "o ,inf9ite inflicts1 ano!r       
,inf9ite endures2 &  res\rces are       
furni%$ = ! atonem5t4    ,amid a great  
v>iety ( =ms 9 :i* ! !ory ( atonem5t    
exi/s1  ,i h select$ ! =ego+2 :i*1 if ,i
 und]/& aright1 is t  :i* is v9dicat$ 9 
! pres5t controv]sy4 ,i am n aw>e t ,i  
h add$ any?+ to ! language 9 :i* x is   
/at$ by its  p[]ful advocate1 unless x  
be a few phrases1 leav+ its ess5tial    
mean+ ! same1 b ne$ful to r5d] x compact
 & cle>4    ,! ,scriptural evid5ce is   
f\nd pr9cipally 9 c]ta9 ( !  ,apo/olical
 ,epi/les2 & ?is circum/ance w r5d] x   
necess>y  to conduct a sep>ate se>* into
 ! hi/orical writ+s ( ! ,new  ,te/am5t1 
t we may asc]ta9 h[ !y express !        
correspond+  set ( ideas4 ,tak+ up      

successively ^! two bran*es ( !         
subject1 ! natural & ! ,biblical1 ,i    
propose to %[1 fir/1 t  ?is doctr9e is  
inconsi/5t ) itself2 secondly1 t x is   
inconsi/5t ) ! ,*ri/ian idea (          
salvation4    ,i4 ,x is inconsi/5t )    
itself4    7#a47 ,9 its mann] ( treat+ !
 pr9ciples ( natural religion4    ,our  
fai? 9 ! inf9ite b5evol5ce ( ,god is    
repres5t$ z  de/itute ( adequate support
 f ! te/imony ( nature4 ,x  requires1 we
 are assur$1 ! suppression ( a mass (   
appe>ances1  t w\ld sc>e x away 9 an    
in/ant1 7 x to v5ture into _!  pres5ce2 
& is a dream ( sickly & effem9ate m9ds1 
^: belief  is ! inw>d gr[? ( amiable    
s5tim5tality1 r ?an a g5u9e  production 
f ,god's own facts4 ,! appeal to ! ord] 
&  magnific5ce ( creation1 to !         
/ructures & relations ( !  inorganic1 ! 
vegetable1 ! animal1 ! spiritual =ms1 t 
fill  ! asc5d+ ranks ( ?is visible &    
consci\s univ]se2--to !  arrangem5ts :i*
 make x a bless+ to be born1 f> m ?an a 
suff]+ to die1--:i* enable u to extract 

! reli% ( life f  its toils1 !          
affections ( our nature f its suff]+s1 !
  triumphs ( goodness f its             
temptations2--to ! seem+ plan (  g5]al  
progress1 :i* elicits tru? by !         
self-de/ruction (  error1 & by !        
ext9ction ( g5]ations gives p]petual    
rejuv5esc5ce to ! _w2--?is appeal1 :i*  
is ano!r "n =  ! s*eme ( natural        
religion1 is dismiss$ ) scorn2 & s9 &   
sorr[ & dea? are flung 9 defiance across
 our pa?1--b>ri]s  :i* we mu/ remove1   
ere we c rea* ! pres5ce ( a b5ignant    
,god4 ,come ) u1 x is said1 & li/5 to ! 
wail ( ! sick  infant2 look into ! d+y  
haunts :]e pov]ty moans its life away2  
b5d d[n y\r e> to ! accurs$ hum t /rays 
f ! busy hives  ( guilt2 spy into ! hold
 ( ! slave-%ip2 f ! factory foll[  !    
wa/$ *ild to ! g9-%op fir/1 & !n to !   
cell> call$  its home2 or look ev5 at   
y\r own tempt$ & s9-b\nd s\ls1 &  y\r   
own p]i%+ race1 snat*$ (f into ! d>k by 
h&fuls  ?r\gh ! activity ( a de/roy+    
,god2 & tell u1 did our  b5evol5t       

,creator make a creature & a _w l ?is8  
,a ,calv9i/  :o puts ?is "q is play+ )  
fire4 ,b ,i answ] ! "q  explicitly3 ,all
 ^! ?+s we h met /eadily1 & face to     
face2  9 full view ( !m1 we h tak5 up   
our fai? 9 ! goodness (  ,god2 & 9 full 
view ( !m we w hold fa/ t fai?4 ,nor is 
x  j or true to affirm1 t our sy/em     
hides ^! evils1 or t our  practice      
refuses to grapple ) !m4 ,& if y confess
 t ^!  ills ( life w\ld be too mu* = y\r
 natural piety1 if y decl>e1  t ^! rugg$
 f\ndations & tempe/u\s elem5ts (       
,provid5ce  w\ld />ve & cru% y\r        
confid5ce 9 ,god1 :ile ours /rikes its  
roots 9 ! rock1 & ?r[s out its bran*es  
to brave ! /orm1 are  y entitl$ to taunt
 u ) a fai? ( puny gr[?8 ,mean:ile1 we  
will+ly ass5t to ! pr9ciple :i* ?is     
appeal to evil is  design$ to e/abli%2  
t1 ) mu* app>5t ord]1 !re is "s  app>5t 
disord] 9 ! ph5om5a ( ! _w2 t f ! latt]1
  by itself1 we %\ld be unable to inf]  
any goodness & b5evol5ce  9 ,god2 & t1 7
 n ! =m] cle>ly ! pr$om9ant result  (   

natural laws1 ! "* ( ! ,great ,cause (  
all ?+s w\ld  be involv$ 9 agoniz+      
gloom4 ,! mass ( physical & moral evil  
we  d n pr(ess fully to expla92 we ?9k t
 9 no sy/em :atev]  is !re any approa*  
to an explanation2 & we are accu/om$ to 
t\* on t dread subject ) ! humility (   
filial tru/1 n  ) ! confid5ce ( dogmatic
 elucidation4    ,surely ! fall ( our   
fir/ p>5ts1 ,i %all be rem9d$1 gives !  
requisite solution4 ,! disa/] :i* !n    
befell ! human race has  *ang$ !        
primeval con/itution ( ?+s2 introduc$   
mortality &  all ! infirmities ( :i* x  
is ! result2 introduc$ s91 & all  ! se$s
 ( vile affections :i* x compels u to   
inh]it2 introduc$  also ! p5alties ( s91
 visible 9 "p on ?is sc5e ( life1 &     
develop+ !mselves 9 ano!r 9 angui%      
ev]la/+4 ,fre% f !  h& ( 8 ,creator1 man
 0 innoc5t1 happy1 & holy2 & he x is1  n
 ,god1 :o has de=m$ ! _w ) guilt &      
grief4    ,n[1 z a /atem5t ( fact1 all  
?is may or may n be true4 ,( ?is  ,i say
 no?+4 ,b :o does n see t1 z an         

explanation1 x is  inconsi/5t ) itself1 
p>tial 9 its application1 & leaves      
matt]s  incomp>ably worse ?an x f\nd !m8
 ,x is inconsi/5t ) itself2  = ,adam1   
p]fectly pure & holy z he is reput$ to h
 be51 gave  ! only pro( t c\ld exi/ ( 8 
be+ nei!r1 by succumb+ to  ! fir/       
temptation t came 9 8 way2 & ?\gh f9d+  
no  enjoym5t b 9 ! contemplation ( ,god1
 gave himself up to ! fir/  advances ( !
 ,devil4 ,nev] surely 0 a reputation =  
sanctity s  *eaply won4 ,! canonizations
 ( ! ,romi% ,cal5d> h be5  curi\sly     
be/[$ on be+s suffici5tly remote f j    
ideas (  excell5ce2 b usually !re is    
some?+ to be affirm$ ( !m1  leg5d>y or  
o!rwise1 :i*1 if true1 might ju/ify a   
mom5t>y  admiration4 ,b our fir/ p>5t 0 
n laid ev5 "u ?is necessity1  to obta9 a
 glory great] ?an canonization2 he _h   
simply to d  no?+1 except to fall1 9    
ord] to be e/eem$ ! mo/ p]fectly holy  (
 creat$ m9ds4 ,mo/ p>tial1 too1 is ?is  
!ory 9 its application2  = disease &    
h>d%ip1 & dea? unm]it$ z ! infant's1    

afflict  ! l[] animal creation4 ,is ?is1
 too1 ! result ( ! fall8 ,if s1  x is an
 unr$eem$ effect2 if n1 x presses on !  
b5evol5ce (  ! ,mak]1 &1 by ! physical  
analogies :i* connect man ) !  inf]ior  
creatures1 =ces on u ! impression1 t 8  
corporeal  suff]+s h an orig9al s\rce n 
dissimil> f !irs4 ,&  aga91 ?is         
explanation only s]ves to make matt]s   
worse ?an be=e4  ,= h[ pu]ile is x to   
suppose t m5 w re/ satisfi$ )  trac+    
back _! ills to ,adam1 & refra9 f ask+  
:o 0 ,adam's  cause6 ,& !n comes ^u u at
 once ! anci5t dilemma ab\t evil2  0 x a
 mi/ake1 or 0 x malignity1 t creat$ s   
poor a creature  z our prog5itor1 & /ak$
 on s prec>i\s a w ! bless$ness (  a    
race & ! well-be+ ( a _w8 ,s f>1 ?is    
!ory1 falsely &  injuri\sly ascrib$ to  
,*ri/ianity1 w\ld leave u :]e we 73 b  x
 c>ries u into deep] & gratuit\s        
difficulties1 ( :i* natural  religion   
kn[s no?+1 by app5d+ et]nal consequ5ces 
to ,adam's  transgression2 a l>ge       
portion ( :i*1 aft] ! mo/ sangu9e       

ext5sion ( ! efficacy ( ! atonem5t1 mu/ 
rema9 unr$eem$4 ,s  t if1 "u ! eye (    
naturalism1 ! _w1 ) its g5]ations       
dropp+ into ! grave1 mu/ appe> 7z we    
he>d x rec5tly  describ$#ac7 l ! popul\s
 prec9cts ( "s ca/le1 ^:  gov]nor call$ 
8 s]vants1 aft] a brief indulg5ce (     
lib]ty &  peace1 into a d>k &           
inscrutable dungeon1 nev] to return or  
be se5  aga91 ! only new feature :i* ?is
 !ory introduces into !  prospect is    
?is3 t ! int]ior ( t cav]n\s prison-h\se
 is  disclos$2 & :ile a few ( ! dep>t$  
are se5 to h em]g$ into  a fair] light1 
& to be trav]s+ gre5] fields1 & %>+ a m 
bless$ lib]ty ?an !y knew be=e1 ! va/   
multitude are disc]n$  9 ! gripe (      
ev]la/+ *a9s & ! twi/ ( unimag9able     
torture4 ,& all ?is infliction is a p5al
 consequ5ce ( a fir/  ance/or's         
transgression6 ,s+ul> spectacle to be   
(f]$ 9  v9dication ( ! "* ( ,god6    ,we
 are w>n$1 h[ev]1 n to />t back f ?is   
repres5tation1 or  to indulge 9 any ra% 
expression at ! view :i* x gives ( !    

ju/ice ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 = t1 beyond all  
d\bt1 p>allel in/ances  occur 9 !       
op]ations ( nature2 & t1 if ! sy/em     
d$uc$ f  ,scripture accords ) t :i* is 9
 action 9 ! creation1 !re  arises a     
/rong presumption t bo? are f ! same    
,au?or4 ,!  arrangem5t :i* is ! prime   
subject ( objection 9 ! =ego+  !ory1    
viz4 ! vic>i\s transmission (           
consequ5ces f acts (  vice & virtue1 is 
said to be famili> to our obs]vation z a
 fact2  & ought1 !re=e1 to pres5t no    
difficulties 9 ! way ( !  admission ( a 
doctr9e4 ,is x n obvi\s1 = example1 t ! 
guilt ( a p>5t may entail disease &     
premature dea? on 8 *ild1  or ev5 remot]
 desc5dants8 ,& if x be consi/5t ) !    
,div9e  p]fections t ! innoc5t %\ld     
suff] = o!rs' s9s at !  di/ance ( "o    
g5]ation1 :y n at ! di/ance ( a ?\s&8 ,!
  guiltless victim is n m completely    
sev]$ f id5tity ) ,adam1  ?an he is f   
id5tity ) 8 own fa!r4 ,my reply is      
brief3 ,i admit  bo? ! fact & ! analogy2
 b ! fact is ( ! exceptional k9d1  f    

:i*1 by itself1 ,i c\ld n inf] ! ju/ice 
or ! b5evol5ce  ( ! ,creator2 & :i*1 7 x
 ( l>ge & preval5t am\nt1 ,i  c\ld n ev5
 reconcile ) ^! p]fections4 ,if !n y    
take x  out ( ! li/ ( exceptions &      
difficulties1 & erect x into a  c>d9al  
rule1 if y int]pret by x ! :ole         
invisible portion (  ,god's gov]nm5t1 y 
turn ! scale at once aga9/ ! "* (  !    
,supreme1 & plant creation "u a tyrant's
 sway4 ,& ?is is !  fatal pr9ciple      
p]vad+ all analogical argum5ts 9 def5ce 
(  ,tr9it>ian ,*ri/ianity4 ,no          
resemblances to ! sy/em c be f\nd 9  !  
univ]se1 except 9 ^? anomalies & seem+  
de=mities :i*  p]plex ! /ud5t (         
,provid5ce1 & :i* w\ld und]m9e 8 fai?1  
7 !y n lo/ 9 ! va/ spectacle ( beauty & 
( good4 ,^!  disord]s are select$ &     
spread out to view1 z specim5s ( !      
,div9e gov]nm5t ( nature2 ! my/]ies &   
horrors :i* (f5d u  9 ! popul> !ology   
are ext5d$ by _! side2 ! comp>ison is   
made1 po9t by po9t1 till ! similitude is
 und5iably made out2 &  :5 ! argum5t is 

clos$ x am\nts to ?is3 ,d y d\bt :e!r   
,god  c\ld break m5's limbs8 ,y mi/ake 8
 /r5g? ( "*2 only see  h[ he puts out _!
 eyes6 ,:at k9d ( impression ?is reason+
 may  h1 seems to me d\btful ev5 to     
agony4 ,bo? ,tr9it>ian !ology &  nature1
 x is triumphantly urg$1 mu/ proce$ f ! 
same ,au?or2 ay1  b :at sort ( au?or is 
t8 ,y h l$ me1 9 y\r que/ aft]          
analogies1 ?r\gh ! great infirm>y (     
,god's creation2 & s haunt$  am ,i by ! 
sights & s\nds ( ! laz>-h\se1 t sc>ce c 
,i  believe 9 any?+ b pe/il5ce2 s sick (
 s\l h ,i become1 t  ! m\nta9 breeze has
 lo/ its sc5t ( heal?2 & y say1 x is all
  ! same 9 ! o!r _w1 & :]ev] ! same rule
 ext5ds3 !n ,i  "k my fate1 t 9 ?is     
univ]se ,ju/ice has no ?rone4 ,& ?us1 my
  fri5ds1 x comes to pass1 t ^! reason]s
 (t5 ga9 inde$ _!  victory2 b x is kn[n 
only to ! ,se>*] ( ,he>ts1 :e!r x is a  
victory aga9/ natural religion1 or 9    
favor ( reveal$4 ,= ?is  reason ,i      
consid] ! ,analogy ( ,bi%op ,butl] 7"o (
 ! pr(\nde/  ( ?9k]s1 & on purely moral 

subjects "o ( ! ju/e/ too7 z  conta9+1 )
 a design directly contr>y1 ! mo/       
t]rible  p]suasives to ,a!ism t h ev]   
be5 produc$4 ,! ess5tial error  consi/s 
9 select+ ! difficulties1--:i* are !    
r>e1 exceptional  ph5om5a ( nature1--z !
 basis ( analogy & argum5t4 ,9 !        
compreh5sive & g5]\s /udy ( ,provid5ce1 
! m9d may1 inde$1  already h ov]come !  
difficulties1 &1 ) ! lights rec5tly     
ga9$ f ! h>mony1 design1 & ord] (       
creation1 h made ^?  %ad[s pass         
imp]ceptibly away2 b :5 =c$ aga9 into _!
 v  c5tre1 compell$ to adopt !m z a fix$
 /ation & po9t ( m5tal  vision1 !y deep5
 r\nd ! he>t aga91 &1 in/ead ( illu/rat+
  any?+1 become solid d>kness !mselves4 
,i _c quit ?is topic )\t obs]v+1 h[ev]1 
t !re  appe>s to be no?+ 9 nature & life
 at all analog\s to !  vic>i\s pr9ciple 
attribut$ to ,god 9 ! ,tr9it>ian s*eme (
  ,r$emption4 ,!re is n[h]e to be f\nd  
any prop] transf] or  ex*ange1 ei!r ( ! 
qualities1 or ( ! consequ5ces1 ( vice & 
virtue4 ,! good & evil acts ( m5 d inde$

 affect o!rs z  well z !mselves2 !      
innoc5t suff] ) ! guilty1 z 9 !  case   
be=e adduc$1 ( a *ild suff]+ 9 heal? by 
! excesses (  a p>5t4 ,b !re is "h no   
endurance = ano!r1 simil> to  ,*ri/'s   
alleg$ endurance 9 ! place ( m52 !      
infliction on !  *ild is n d$uct$ f !   
p>5t2 x does no?+ to light5 8  load1 or 
make x less ?an x w\ld h be51 _h he be5 
)\t  desc5dants2 nor does any "o suppose
 8 guilt alleviat$ by !  exi/5ce ( ?is  
innoc5t fell[-suff]]4 ,!re is a ne>]    
approa*  to analogy 9 ^? cases ( crime1 
:]e ! p]petrator seems to  escape1 & to 
leave ! consequ5ces ( 8 act to desc5d on
 o!rs2  z :5 ! successful *eat eludes   
pursuit1 & f ! /ol5 ga9s  ( neighbors   
con/ructs a life ( luxury = himself2 or 
:5 a  sp5d?rift gov]nm5t1 =getful ( its 
high tru/1 turn+ !  pr(essions (        
patriotism into a lie1 is p]mitt$ to run
 a prosp]\s  c>e] = "o g5]ation1 & is   
p]sonally gone be=e ! popul>            
retribution falls1 9 ! next1 on innoc5t 
successors4 ,"h1 no  d\bt1 ! h>mless    

suff] by ! guilty1 9 a c]ta9 s5se 9  !  
place ( ! guilty3 b n 9 ! s5se :i* !    
analogy  requires4 ,= !re is /ill no    
sub/itution2 ! di/ress ( !  un(f5d+ p>ty
 is n /ruck out ( ! (f5d]'s puni%m5t2   
does  n less51 b r aggravates1 8 guilt2 
&1 in/ead ( fitt+  him = p>don1 tempts !
 natural s5tim5ts ( ju/ice to foll[ him 
) sev]] condemnation4 ,nor does ! s*eme 
receive any bett]  illu/ration f ! fact1
 t :oev] attempts ! cure ( mis]y  mu/   
himself suff]2 mu/ h ! %ad[s ( ill ca/  
^u 8 _s  f e sadness he alleviates2 &   
int]pose himself to /ay !  plague :i*1 9
 a _w diseas$1 ?reat5s to pass to ! liv+
  f ! dead4 ,! p>allel fails1 because   
!re is /ill no  transf]5ce3 !           
appropriate suff]+s ( s9 are n giv5 to !
  philan?ropi/2 & ! noble pa9s (        
goodness 9 him1 ! glori\s  /rife ( 8    
self-sacrifice1 are no "p ( ! p5al      
consequ5ces (  o!rs' guilt2 !y d n      
cancel "o iota ( ^? consequ5ces1 or     
make ! crimes :i* h dem&$ !m1 9 any way1
 m ready =  =giv5ess4 ,inde$1 x is n 9 !

 good man's suff]+s1  consid]$ z su*1 t 
any efficacy resides2 b 9 8 ef=ts1  :i* 
may be made ) great sacrifice or )\t x1 
z ! case may  be4 ,nor1 at be/1 is !re  
any prop] annihilation ( consequ5ces at 
all accru+ f 8 toils2 ! pa/ acts ( wrong
 :i* call up 8  resi/+ en]gies are      
irrevocable1 ! guilt incurr$1 ! p5alty  
inde/ructible2 ! s]ies ( effects1 =eign 
to ! m9d ( !  p]petrator1 may be        
abbreviat$2 prev5tion appli$ to new ills
 :i*  ?reat5 to arise2 b by all ?is !   
p]sonal fitness ( !  del9qu5t = =giv5ess
 is :olly unaffect$2 ! volition ( s9    
has gone =?1 & on x flies1 z surely z   
s\nd on a vibration (  ! air1 ! v]dict (
 judgm5t4    ,^? :o are affect$ by      
slight & fail+ analogies l ^!1  w\ld d  
well to consid] "o1 suffici5tly obvi\s1 
:i* seems to  ?r[ d\bt ^u _! s*eme4 ,!  
atonem5t is ?\ght to be1 9  respect to  
all believ]s1 a rev]sal ( ! fall3 !     
effects ( !  fall are p>tly visible &   
temporal1 p>tly invisible & et]nal2     
l9k$1 h[ev]1 toge!r z insep>able        

portions ( ! same p5al  sy/em4 ,n[ x is 
evid5t1 t ! suppos$ r$emption on ! cross
  has left precisely :]e !y 7 all !     
visible effects ( !  fir/ transgression3
 sorr[ & toil are ! lot ( all1 z !y h   
be5 f ( old2 ! baptiz$ infant utt]s a   
cry z sad z !  unbaptiz$2 & betwe5 !    
hol9ess ( ! true believ] & !  wor? ( !  
dev\t h]etic1 !re is n disc]nible su* a 
diff]5ce z !re mu/ h be5 betwe5 ,adam   
pure & p]fect &  ,adam laps$ & lo/4 ,&  
is x presumptu\s to reason f ! se5  to !
 unse51 f ! "p :i* we exp]i5ce to t :i* 
we c  only conceive8 ,if ! kn[n effects 
are unr$eem$1 ! suspicion is  n         
unnatural1 t s are ! unkn[n4    ,i sum  
up1 !n1 ?is "p ( my subject by obs]v+1  
t1 besides  _m inconclusive appeals to  
nature1 ! advocates ( ! vic>i\s  s*eme  
are *>geable ) ?is fundam5tal           
inconsi/5cy4 ,!y appe>  to d5y t !      
ju/ice & b5evol5ce ( ,god c be reconcil$
 )  ! ph5om5a ( nature2 & say t !       
evid5ce mu/ be help$ out  by resort to  
_! int]pretation ( ,scripture4 ,:51 hav+

 he>d  ?is auxili>y sy/em1 we prote/ t x
 r5d]s ! case sadd] ?an  be=e1 !y assure
 u t x is all b5evol5t & j1 because x   
has its p>allel 9 creation4 ,!y r5\nce &
 adopt1 9 ! same  brea?1 ! religi\s     
appeal to ! univ]se ( ,god4    7#b47    
,ano!r inconsi/5cy appe>s1 9 ! view :i* 
?is !ory  gives ( ! "* ( ,god4    ,x is 
assum$ t1 at ! era ( creation1 ! ,mak] (
 mank9d _h  ann\nc$ ! inf9ite p5alties  
:i* mu/ foll[ ! violation (  8 law2 & t 
_! am\nt did n exce$ ! measure :i* 8    
abhorr5ce ( wrong requir$4 ,& t :i* he  
sai?1 he w\ld n  be ,god if he did n    
p]=m3 t :i* he p]ceiv$ "r1 he w\ld  be  
unwor?y ( our tru/1 did he n fulfil4 ,8 
v]acity & ju/ice1  !re=e1 7 pl$g$ to    
adh]e to ! ^w t _h gone =?2 &  exclud$ !
 possibility ( any free & unconditional 
=giv5ess4  ,n[ ,i w\ld note1 9 pass+1 t 
?is ann\ncem5t to ,adam ( an  et]nal    
puni%m5t imp5d+ ov] 8 fir/ s91 is simply
 a fiction2  = ! w>n+ to him is /at$    
?us3 ,9 ! day t ?\ eate/  !re(1 ?\ %alt 
surely die2 f :i* our prog5itor mu/ h   

be5 +5i\s z a !ologian1 to extract !    
idea ( endless life 9  hell4 ,b to say  
no m ( ?is1 :at notions ( v]acity h we  
"h8 ,:5 a s5t5ce is proclaim$ aga9/     
crime1 is x indiff]5t  to judicial tru? 
^u :om x falls8 ,p]sonally address$ to !
  guilty1 may x desc5d )\t a lie ^u !   
guiltless8 ,provid$  !re is ! suff]+1 is
 x no matt] :]e8 ,is ?is ! s5se 9  :i*  
,god is no respect] ( p]sons8 ,o :at    
deplorable reflection (  human artifice 
is ?is1 t ,heav5 is too v]aci\s to ab&on
 its  proclamation ( m5ace aga9/        
transgressors1 yet is cont5t to v5t  x  
on goodness ! mo/ p]fect6 ,no d>k] de$ c
 be imag9$1 ?an  is ?us ascrib$ to !    
,s\rce ( all p]fection1 "u ! insult$    
names ( tru? & hol9ess4 ,:at reliance   
c\ld we h on !  fai?fulness ( su* a     
,be+8 ,if x be consi/5t ) 8 nature to   
puni% by sub/itution1 :at security is   
!re t he w n  rew>d vic>i\sly8 ,all mu/ 
be loose & unsettl$1 ! s5tim5ts  (      
rev]5ce confus$1 ! p]ceptions (         
consci5ce indi/9ct1 :]e  ! t]ms         

expressive ( ^? great moral qualities   
:i* r5d] ,god  himself mo/ v5]able are  
?us sport$ ) & pr(an$4    ,! same       
extraord9>y dep>ture f all intelligible 
mean+ (  words is app>5t1 :5 our *>ge ( 
v9dictiv5ess aga9/ !  doctr9e (         
sacrifice is repell$ z a sl&]4 ,if !    
rigor\s  refusal ( p>don till ! :ole    
p5alty has be5 inflict$1 7:51  inde$1 x 
is no p>don at all17 be n v9dictive1 we 
may ask to be  furni%$ ) "s bett]       
def9ition4 ,& ?\gh x is said1 t  ,god's 
love 0 manife/$ to u by ! gift ( 8 ,son1
 ?is does b  *ange ! object on :i* ?is  
quality is ex]cis$1 )\t remov+  !       
quality itself2 putt+ u inde$ into !    
sun%9e ( 8  grace1 b ! ,savi\r into !   
tempe/ ( 8 wra?4 ,did we desire  to     
sket* ! mo/ dreadful =m ( "*1 :at m     
emphatic  comb9ation c\ld we inv5t ?an  
?is1--rigor 9 ! exaction ( p5al  suff]+1
 & indiff]5ce z to ! p]son on :om x     
falls8    ,b 9 tru? ?is sy/em1 9 its    
del9eations ( ! ,great ,rul] (          
creation1 bids defiance to all !        

analogies by :i* ,*ri/ & !  ,*ri/ian    
he>t h delight$ to illu/rate 8 nature4  
,a ,god :o  c\ld accept ! spontane\sly  
return+ s9n]1 & re/ore him by           
corrective discipl9e1 is pron\nc$ n wor?
 s]v+1 & an object  ( contempt4#ad ,if  
s1 ,jesus sket*$ an object ( contempt :5
 he  drew ! fa!r ( ! prodigal son1 op5+ 
8 arms to ! poor  p5it5t1 & ne$+ only ! 
sight ( 8 mis]y to fall on 8 neck  ) !  
kiss ( welcome home4 ,let ! ass]tions be
 true1 t  sacrifice & satisfaction are  
ne$ful prelim9>ies to p>don1 t  to pay  
any att5tion to rep5tance )\t ^! is m]e 
weakness1 &  t x is a p]il\s deception  
to tea* ! doctr9e ( m]cy ap>t  f !      
atonem5t1 & ?is p>able ( our ,savi\r's  
becomes ! mo/  p]nici\s in/rum5t (      
delusion1--a /atem5t1 absolute &        
unqualifi$1 ( a feeble & s5tim5tal      
h]esy4 ,:o does n see :at  foll[s f ?is 
scornful exclusion ( corrective         
puni%m5t8 ,suppose  ! infliction n to be
 corrective1 t is1 n to be design$ =    
any good1 :at !n rema9s z ! cause ( !   

,div9e retribution8  ,! s5se ( insult   
(f]$ to a law4 ,& ?us we are virtually  
told1  t ,god mu/ be reg>d$ ) a mixture 
( contempt1 unless he be  susceptible ( 
p]sonal affront4    7#c47 ,! la/        
inconsi/5cy ) itself1 :i* ,i %all po9t  
out 9  ?is doctr9e1 w be f\nd 9 ! view  
:i* x gives ( ! "w (  ,*ri/4 ,s91 we are
 assur$1 is necess>ily inf9ite4 ,its    
inf9itude  arises f its ref]5ce to an   
,inf9ite ,be+1 & involves z a           
consequ5ce ! necessity ( r$emption by   
,deity himself4    ,! position1 t guilt 
is to be e/imat$1 n by its am\nt or its 
motive1 b by ! dignity ( ! be+ aga9/ :om
 x is direct$1  is illu/rat$ by ! case (
 an insubord9ate soldi]1 ^:  puni%m5t is
 increas$ accord+ z 8 rebellion assails 
an equal  or any ( ! _m grades among/ 8 
sup]iors4 ,x is evid5t1  h[ev]1 t x is n
 ! dignity ( ! p]son1 b ! magnitude  ( !
 effect1 :i* det]m9es ! sev]ity ( !     
sanction by :i*1  9 su* an in/ance1 law 
en=ces ord]4 ,insult to a mon>* is m    
/]nly treat$ ?an injury to a subject1   

because x incurs ! risk  ( wid] & m     
disa/r\s consequ5ces1 & sup]adds to !   
p]sonal injury a p]il to an (ficial p[] 
:i*1 n re/+ on  individual sup]iority1 b
 on conv5tional arrangem5t1 is always   
prec>i\s4 ,x is n inde$ easy to =m a    
di/9ct notion ( an  inf9ite act 9 a     
f9ite ag5t2 & /ill less is x easy to    
evade !  inf]5ce1 t1 if an immoral de$  
aga9/ ,god be an inf9ite  dem]it1 a     
moral de$ t[>ds him mu/ be an inf9ite   
m]it4    ,pass+ by an ass]tion s        
unmean+1 & conc$+ x = ! sake (  progress
 9 our argum5t1 ,i w\ld inquire :at is  
int5d$ by t  o!r /atem5t1 t only ,deity 
c r$eem1 & t by ,deity !  sacrifice 0   
made8 ,! union ( ! div9e & human natures
 9  ,*ri/ is said to h made 8 suff]+s   
m]itori\s 9 an inf9ite  degree4 ,yet we 
are repeat$ly assur$1 t x 0 9 8 manhood 
only  t he endur$ & di$4 ,if ! div9e    
nature 9 our ,"l _h a jo9t  consci\sness
 ) ! human1 !n did ,god suff] & p]i%2 if
 n1  !n did ! man only die1 ,deity be+  
no m affect$ by 8  angui%1 ?an by t ( ! 

malefactors on ei!r side4 ,9 ! "o  case 
! p]fections ( ,god1 9 ! o!r ! reality (
 !  atonem5t1 mu/ be rel9qui%$4 ,no     
d\bt1 ! popul> belief is1 t  ! ,creator 
lit]ally expir$2 ! hymns 9 common use   
decl>e x2 !  language ( pulpits         
sanctions x2 ! consi/5cy ( cre$s        
requires  x2 b pr(ess$ !ologians        
repudiate ! idea ) indignation4 ,yet  by
 sil5ce or ambigu\s spee*1 !y enc\rage1 
9 ^? :om !y are  b\nd to enlight51 ?is  
degrad+ humanization ( ,deity2 :i*      
r5d]s x impossible = common m9ds to     
avoid ascrib+ to him  emotions &        
infirmities totally irreconcilable ) !  
s]5e  p]fections ( ! ,univ]sal ,m9d4 ,9 
8 influ5ce on !  wor%ipp]1 ,he is no    
,_s1 :o c be invok$ by 8 agony &  bloody
 sweat1 8 cross & passion4 ,& ! piety t 
is ?us taught  to br+ its inc5se1 h[ev] 
s9c]e1 be=e ! m5tal image ( a  be+ )    
convuls$ features & expir+ cry1 has     
little left (  t :i* makes ,*ri/ian     
devotion *>act]i/ically v5]able4        
,,ii4 ,i proce$ to notice ! inconsi/5cy 

( ! doctr9e "u review  ) ! ,*ri/ian idea
 ( salvation4    ,!re is "o significant 
,scriptural fact1 :i* sugge/s to u !    
be/ mode ( treat+ ?is "p ( our subject4 
,x is ?is3 t !  language suppos$ to tea*
 ! aton+ efficacy ( ! cross does n      
appe> 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t till ! ,g5tile  
controv]sy comm5ces1  nor ev] occurs    
ap>t f ! treatm5t ( t subject1 "u "s  ( 
its relations4 ,! cause ( ?is ph5om5on w
 pres5tly appe>2  mean:ile ,i /ate x1 9 
! place ( an ass]tion sometimes         
incorrectly made1 viz4 t ! phraseology 9
 "q is conf9$ to  ! ,epi/les4 ,ev5 ?is  
me*anical limitation ( sacrificial      
passages  is inde$ ne>ly true1 z n above
 ?ree or f\r h /ray$ beyond  ! epi/ol>y 
b\nd>y into ! ,gospels & ! book ( ,acts2
 b !  re/riction 9 respect ( subject1   
:i* ,i h /at$1 w be f\nd1  ,i believe1  
to be absolutely exact1 & to furni% !   
real  int]pretation to ! :ole sy/em (   
language4    7#a47 ,let u !n fir/ te/ ! 
vic>i\s s*eme by ref]5ce to !  s5tim5ts 
( ,scripture g5]ally1 & ( our ,"l & 8   

,apo/les  especially1 :]e ?is controv]sy
 is out ( ! way4 ,are _! ideas  respect+
 human "*1 ! =giv5ess ( s91 ! t]ms (    
ev]la/+ life1 accordant ) ! c>d9al      
notions ( a believ] 9  ! atonem5t8 ,d   
!y1 or d !y n1 insi/ on ! necessity ( a 
sacrifice = human s91 z a prelim9>y to  
p>don1 to  sanctification1 to ! love (  
,god8 ,d !y1 or d !y n1 direct a  m>k$ &
 almo/ exclusive att5tion to ! cross1 z 
! object to  :i*1 f> m ?an to ! life &  
resurrection ( our ,"l1 all  fai?ful    
eyes %\ld be direct$8    7a47 ,n[ to !  
fundam5tal ass]tion ( ! vic>i\s sy/em1 t
  ! ,deity _c1 )\t inconsi/5cy &        
imp]fection1 p>don on  simple rep5tance1
 ! :ole t5or ( ! ,bible is "o protract$ 
&  unequivocal contradiction4 ,s copi\s 
is its te/imony on ?is head1  t if !    
passages conta9+ x 7 remov$1 sc>cely a  
%r$ (  ,scripture relat+ to ! subject   
w\ld rema94 ,p>don1 ,i besee*  !e1 said 
,moses1 plead+ = ! ,israelites1 !       
iniquity ( ?is  p1 accord+ to !         
greatness ( ?y m]cy1 & z ?\ ha/  =giv5  

?is p f ,egypt ev5 until n[4 ,& ! ,"l   
said1 ,i  h p>don$ accord+ to ?y ^w4 ,w 
x be affirm$1 t ?is  *os5 p _h _! eyes  
p]petually fix$ 9 fai? on ! great       
propitiation1 :i* 0 to close _!         
disp5sation1 & ( :i*  _! own c]emonial 0
 a type8--t :5ev] p5it5ce & p>don  are  
nam$ among/ !m1 ?is ref]5ce is impli$1 &
 t z ?is  fai? 0 call$ to m9d & express$
 9 ! %$d+ ( blood at !  alt>1 su*       
sacrificial (f]+s take ! place1 9       
,judaism1 ( !  aton+ tru/ 9 ,*ri/ianity8
 ,well1 !n1 let u quit ! *os5  nation   
altoge!r1 & g to a hea!n p1 :o 7 ali5s  
to  _! laws1 _! blood1 _! hopes1 & _!   
religion2 to :om no  sacrifice 0        
appo9t$1 & no ,messiah promis$4 ,if we c
 discov]  ! deal+s ( ,god ) su* a p1 !  
case1 ,i presume1 mu/ be  deem$         
conclusive4 ,he>1 !n1 :at happ5$ on !   
banks ( !  ,tigris4 ,jonah began to ent]
 into ! city1 7,n9eveh17 & he cri$  &   
said1 yet =ty days & ,n9eveh %all be    
ov]?r[n4 ,s !  p ( ,n9eveh believ$ ,god1
 & proclaim$ a fa/1 & put on  sackclo?1 

f ! greate/ ( !m ev5 unto ! lea/ ( !m4  
,:o c tell1 7said ! decree ( ! k+ orda9+
 ! fa/17 if  ,god w turn & rep5t1 & turn
 away f 8 fi]ce ang]1 t we  p]i% n8 ,&  
,god saw _! works1 t !y turn$ f _! evil 
way2 & ,god rep5t$ ( ! evil t he _h said
 he w\ld d unto  !m2 & he did x n4 ,& :5
 ! prophet 0 (f5d$1 fir/ at  ?is clem5cy
 to ,n9eveh1 & aft]w>ds t ! cank] 0 s5t 
to  de/roy 8 own favorite plant1 b5ea?  
^: %ad[ he sat1 :at did  ,jehovah say8  
,?\ ha/ _h pity on ! g\rd1 = :i* ?\ ha/ 
n  labor$1 nei!r made/ x gr[2 :i* came  
up 9 a night & p]i%$  9 a night2 & %\ld 
n ,i sp>e ,n9eveh1 t great city1 :]e9   
are m ?an sixscore ?\s& p]sons t _c     
disc]n betwe5  _! "r h& & _! left h&8--&
 :o are n likely1 "o  w\ld ?9k1 to h    
disc]n$ ! future m]its ( ! ,r$eem]4     
,9 tru?1 if ev5 ! ,israelites _h any su*
 prospective views to  ,calv>y1 if _!   
sacrifices convey$ ! idea ( ! cross     
erect$  !re1 & 7 e/abli%$ = ?is purpose1
 ! fact mu/ h be5  privately reveal$ to 
mod]n !ologians2 = n a trace ( x c be   

f\nd 9 ! ,hebrew writ+s4 ,x mu/ be ?\ght
 /range1 t a  prophetic ref]5ce s       
habitual %\ld be always a secret        
ref]5ce2  t a fai? s fundam5tal %\ld be 
s my/]i\sly suppress$2 t  ! upp]mo/ idea
 ( a nation's m9d %\ld nev] h f\nd its  
way to  lips or p54 ,b if x 7 n s1 we   
are rem9d$1 if ! ,jewi%  ritual         
prefigur$ no?+ ult]ior1 x 0 revolt+1    
trifl+1 savage2  its wor%ip a but*]y1 & 
! temple c\rts no bett] ?an a           
slaught]-h\se4 ,& 7 !y n equally s1 ?\gh
 ! !ory (  types be true8 ,if nei!r     
prie/ nor p c\ld see at ! "t !  v ?+ :i*
 ! c]emonial 0 con/ruct$ to reveal1 :at 
advantage is x t div9es c see x n[8 ,&  
ev5 if ! notion  0 convey$ to ! ,jewi%  
m9d1 7:i* ! :ole hi/ory %[s n to  h be5 
! fact17 0 x necess>y t hecatombs %\ld  
be sla91  age aft] age1 to intimate     
obscurely an idea1 :i* "o brief s5t5ce  
might h lucidly express$8 ,! idea1      
h[ev]1 x is evid5t1 slipp$  ?r\gh aft]  
all2 = :5 ,messiah actually came1 ! "o  
great ?+  :i* ! ,jews did n "k & believe

 ab\t him 01 t he c\ld  die at all4 ,s  
mu* = ! prep>atory discipl9e ( fifte5   
c5turies6    ,!re is no reason1 !n1 :y  
any?+ %\ld be suppli$ 9 our  ?\ghts1 to 
alt] ! pla9 mean+ ( ! ann\ncem5ts (     
prophets  & holy m51 ( ,god's           
unconditional =giv5ess on rep5tance4 ,?\
  desire/ n sacrifice1 else w\ld ,i give
 x2 ?\ delighte/ n 9  burnt-(f]+2 !     
sacrifices ( ,god are a brok5 _s2 a     
brok5  & a contrite he>t1 ,o ,god1 ?\   
wilt n despise4 ,wa% y1 make  y clean1  
says ! prophet ,isaiah 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l2  
put away  ! evil ( y\r do+s f be=e m9e  
eyes1 cease to d evil1 le>n  to d well2 
seek judgm5t1 relieve ! oppress$1 judge 
!  fa!rless1 plead = ! wid[4 ,come n[1 &
 let u reason toge!r1  sai? ! ,"l2 ?\gh 
y\r s9s be z sc>let1 !y %all be :ite z  
sn[2 ?\gh !y be r$ l crimson1 !y %all be
 z wool4 ,once  m1 ,:5 ,i say unto !    
wick$1 ?\ %alt surely die2 if he turn  f
 8 s91 & d t :i* is lawful & "r2 if !   
wick$  re/ore ! pl$ge1 give aga9 t he   
ha? robb$1 walk 9 !  /atutes ( life )\t 

committ+ iniquity2 he %all surely live1 
he  %all n die4 ,nor are ! tea*+s ( !   
,gospel at all less  explicit4 ,our ,"l 
treats l>gely & expressly on ! doctr9e (
  =giv5ess 9 sev]al p>ables1 &          
especially t ( ! prodigal  son2 & omits 
all allusion to ! propitiation = ! pa/4 
,he  furni%es an express def9ition ( !  
t]ms ( et]nal life3 ,good  ma/]1 :at    
good ?+ %all ,i d1 t ,i may h et]nal    
life8 ,&  he said unto him1 ,:y calle/  
?\ me good8 !re is none good save  "o1 t
 is ,god2 b if ?\ wilt ent] into life1  
keep !  comm&m5ts4 ,& ,jesus adds1 ,if  
?\ wilt be p]fect1 g & sell  t ?\ ha/1 &
 give to ! poor1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9 
heav52 & come1 foll[ me4 ,?is sil5ce on 
! prime condition (  p>don _c be expla9$
 by ! fact1 t ! crucifixion _h n  yet   
tak5 place1 & c\ld n safely be allud$   
to1 be=e ! c\rse  ( ev5ts _h br\ght x   
into prom95t notice4 ,= we h !  prea*+ (
 ! ,apo/les1 aft] ! asc5sion1 record$ at
 great  l5g?1 & "u v v>i\s circum/ances1
 9 ! book ( ,acts4 ,we  h ! v words     

:]eby1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( an angel1
  ,cornelius & all 8 h\se %all be sav$2 
^!1 "o w\ld ?9k1  w\ld be wor? he>+ 9   
?is cause3 ,god ano9t$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 
) ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ) p[]2 :o w5t ab\t   
do+ good1 &  heal+ all t 7 oppress$ ( ! 
,devil1 = ,god 0 ) him4  ,& we are      
witnesses ( all ?+s :i* he did1 bo? 9 ! 
l& (  ! ,jews & 9 ,j]usalem2 :om !y slew
 & hang$ on a tree4 ,him  ,god rais$ up 
! ?ird day1 & %[$ op5ly2 n to all ! p1  
b unto witnesses *os5 be=e ( ,god1 ev5  
to u1 :o did eat &  dr9k ) him aft] he  
rose f ! dead4 ,& he comm&$ u to  prea* 
unto ! p1 & to te/ify t x is he :o 0    
orda9$  ( ,god to be ! judge ( quick &  
dead4 ,to him give all ! prophets       
witness1 t ?r\gh 8 "n :osoev] believe? 9
 him %all  receive remission ( s9s4 ,did
 an ,evangelical mission>y d>e to  prea*
 9 ?is /yle n[1 he w\ld be imm$iately   
dis[n$ by 8  employ]s1 & dismiss$ z a   
disguis$ ,soc9ian1 :o kept back all  !  
peculi> doctr9es ( ! ,gospel4    7b47 ,!
 emphatic m5tion ( ! resurrection by !  

,apo/le ,pet] 9  ?is address1 is only a 
p>ticul> in/ance ( a sy/em :i* p]vades  
! :ole prea*+ ( ! fir/ mission>ies (    
,*ri/4 ,?is1 &  n ! cross1 ) its suppos$
 effects1 is ! gr& object to :i*  !y    
call ! att5tion & ! fai? ( _! he>]s4 ,i 
_c quote  to y ! :ole book ( ,acts2 b e 
read] kn[s1 t ,jesus &  ! resurrection  
con/itutes ! lead+ !me1 ! c5tral        
comb9ation ( ideas 9 all its disc\rses4 
,?is tru? 0 %$1 f  ,pet]'s tongue (     
fire1 on ! multitudes t he>d amaz$ !    
inspiration ( ! day ( ,p5teco/4 ,aga91 x
 0 8 text1 :51  pass+ b5ea? ! beautiful 
gate1 he made ! cripple leap = joy2  &  
!n1 ) ! flu% ( ?is de$ /ill fre% ^u him1
 lean$  aga9/ a pill> 9 ,solomon's por*1
 & spake 9 explanation to !  awe-/ruck  
p1 ?rong+ 9 at ! h\r ( pray]4 ,be=e     
prie/s  & rul]s1 be=e ,sanh$rim &       
populace1 ! same tale is told  aga91 to 
! utt] exclusion1 be x obs]v$1 ( !      
ess5tial  doctr9e ( ! cross4 ,!         
au?orities ( ! temple1 we are told1  7  
gall$ & t]rifi$ at ! ,apo/le's prea*+2  

naturally  en\gh1 x w be said1 s9ce1 !  
real sacrifice hav+ be5  (f]$1 _!       
vocation1 :i* 0 to make ! prefatory &   
typical  oblation1 0 ?reat5$ )          
de/ruction4 ,b no1 ?is is n !  reason   
giv53 ,!y 7 griev$ because !y prea*$1   
?r\gh ,jesus1  ! resurrection f ! dead4 
,paul1 too1 :ile 8 prea*+ 0  spontane\s 
& free1 & until he _h to argue c]ta9    
controv]sies  :i* h long ago become     
obsolete1 manife/$ a no less rem>kable  
pr$ilection = ?is topic4 ,be=e ,felix1  
he decl>es :at 0 !  gr& indictm5t ( 8   
c\ntrym5 aga9/ him3 ,t\*+ !             
resurrection ( ! dead1 ,i am call$ 9 "q 
( y ?is day4  ,foll[ him f> away f 8 own
 l&2 &1 ) =eign]s1 he h>ps  ^u ! same   
subject1 z if he 7 a man ( "o idea2 :i*1
 inde$1  accord+ to our oppon5ts' s*eme1
 he ought to h be51 only x  %\ld h be5  
ano!r idea4 ,seldom1 h[ev]1 c we meet ) 
a  m exub]ant m9d ?an ,paul's2 yet !    
resurrection obvi\sly haunts  him :]ev] 
he goes3 9 ! synagogue ( ,antio* y he>  
him  dwell+ on x ) all ! en]gy ( 8      

inspiration2 &1 at ,a!ns1  x 0 ?is on   
:i* ! scepticism ( ,epicureans & ,/oics 
fa/5$  = a sc(f4 ,9 8 ,epi/les1 too1 :]e
 he enl>ges s mu* on  ju/ification by   
fai?1 :5 we inquire :at precisely is ?is
 fai?1  & :at ! object x is to          
contemplate & embrace1 ?is rem>kable    
fact pres5ts itself3 t ! "o only        
important ?+ respect+  ,*ri/1 :i* is    
nev] once m5tion$ z ! object ( ju/ify+  
fai?1 is 8 dea?1 & blood1 & cross4 ,fai?
 by itself1  ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 fai?
 ( ! ,gospel1 fai? ( ! ,son  ( ,god1 are
 expressions ( con/ant occurr5ce2 &     
:]ev] ?is  g5]al description is replac$ 
by a m specific acc\nt ( ?is  ju/ify+   
/ate ( m9d1 x is fai? 9 ! resurrection  
on :i*  att5tion is fa/5$4 ,x is ,*ri/ t
 di$1 yea1 r1 t is  ris5 aga94 ,he 0    
deliv]$ = our (f5ces1 & rais$ aga9  =   
our ju/ification4 ,fai? %all be imput$  
to u =  righte\sness1 if we believe on  
him t rais$ up ,jesus our ,"l  f ! dead4
 ,he>1 too1 ! ,apo/le's def9ition ( sav+
 fai?3  ,if ?\ %alt confess ) ?y m\? !  

,"l ,jesus1 & %alt  believe 9 ?y he>t t 
,god ha? rais$ him f ! dead1 ?\  %alt be
 sav$4 ,! only in/ance 9 :i* ! writ+s ( 
,/4 ,paul  appe> to associate ! ^w fai? 
) ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 is !  foll[+ text3    
,:om ,god ha? set =? to be a            
propitiation ?r\gh  fai? 9 8 blood2 & 9 
?is case ! ,apo/le's mean+ w\ld1 ,i     
conceive1 be m fai?fully giv5 by de/roy+
 ?is conjunction1 &  dispos+ ! words    
?us3 ,:om ,god ha? set =? to be a       
propitiation by 8 blood1 ?r\gh fai?4 ,! 
idea ( 8 blood1 or  dea?1 belongs to !  
^w propitiation1 n to ! ^w fai?4 ,to    
?is translation no ,tr9it>ian s*ol>1 ,i 
am p]suad$1 c  object2#ae & :5 ! true   
mean+ ( ! writ]'s sacrificial  language 
is expla9$1 ! di/9ction w appe> to be n 
unimportant4 ,at pres5t ,i am conc]n$   
only ) ! def5ce ( my  position1 t ! dea?
 ( ,*ri/ is nev] m5tion$ z ! object (   
sav+ fai?2 b t 8 resurrection           
unque/ionably is4 ,?is  ph5om5on 9      
,scripture phraseology is s extraord9>y1
 s utt]ly  repugnant to ev]y?+ :i* a    

he>] ( or?odox prea*+ w\ld  expect1 t ,i
 h>dly expect my affirmation ( x to be  
believ$4 ,!  two ideas ( fai?1 & ( our  
,"l's dea?1 are s naturally &           
p]petually unit$ 9 ! m9d ( e believ] 9 !
 atonem5t1  t x mu/ appe> to him        
incr$ible t !y %\ld nev] fall  toge!r 9 
! writ+s ( ! ,apo/les4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h /at$
 my  fact2 & x is = y to br+ x to ! te/ 
( ,scripture4    7c47 ,indep5d5tly ( all
 writt5 te/imony1 moral reasons1 we are 
assur$1 exi/1 :i* r5d] an absolute      
remission = ! pa/  ess5tial to a        
reg5]at$ life = ! future4 ,our human    
nature is said  to be s con/itut$1 t !  
burd5 ( s91 on ! consci5ce once  awak5$1
 is intol]able2 our _s cries al\d =     
m]cy2 yet is s  /rait5$ by ! b&s ( s91 s
 consci\s ( ! sad alliance  l+]+ /ill1 s
 full ( hesitancy & %ame :5 seek+ !     
relief  ( pray]1 s bl9d$ by its te>s :5 
scann+ ! heav5s = an  op5+ ( light &    
hope1 t !re is no fre$om1 no unre/ra9$ &
  happy love to ,god2 b a p9*$ & anxi\s 
m9d1 b]eft ( p[]1  /riv+ to "w ) b&ag$  

or p>alytic w1 in/ead ( tru/+  itself to
 loos5$ & self-oblivi\s affections4     
,h5ce x is ?\ght1  t ! s9 ( ! pa/ mu/ be
 cancell$1 be=e ! hol9ess ( !  future c 
be comm5c$2 t x is a false ord] to      
repres5t  rep5tance z lead+ to p>don1   
because to be =giv5 is !  pr]equisite to
 love4 ,we _c =get1 h[ev]1 h[ di/9ctly &
  emphatically he :o1 aft] ,god1 be/    
knew :at is 9 man1 has  contradict$ ?is 
s5tim5t2 = :5 t s9ful woman1 ^: pres5ce 
9 ! h\se %ock$ ! sanctimoni\s ,ph>isee1 
/ood at 8 feet z he  recl9$1 wa%+ !m )  
h] te>s1 & kiss+ !m ) rev]5tial  lips1  
,jesus turn$ to h] & said1 ,h] s9s1 :i* 
are _m1 are  =giv52 = %e lov$ mu*4 ,f   
him1 !n1 we le>n1 :at our own  he>ts    
w\ld almo/ tea*1 t love may be ! prelude
 to =giv5ess1  z well z =giv5ess !      
prep>ative = love4    ,at ! same "t let 
me ackn[l$ge1 t ?is /atem5t respect+  ! 
moral effects ( consci\s p>don1 to :i*  
,i h invok$ ,jesus  to reply1 is by no  
means an unmix$ error4 ,x t\*es ^u a v  
pr(\nd & important tru?2 & ,i c nev] br+

 myself to reg>d  t assurance ( ,div9e  
=giv5ess1 :i* ! doctr9e ( atonem5t      
imp>ts1 z a demoraliz+ /ate ( m9d1      
enc\rag+ laxity (  consci5ce & a        
cont9uance 9 s94 ,! s5se ( p>don1       
d\btless1  rea*es ! secret spr+s (      
gratitude1 pres5ts ! s\l ) an  object1  
/range be=e1 ( new & div9e affection1 & 
b9ds !  *ild ( r$emption1 by all g5]\s &
 filial obligations1 to s]ve  ) free &  
will+ he>t ! ,god :o ha? gone =? to meet
 him4  ,t ! motives ( self-int]e/ are   
dim9i%$ 9 su* a case1 is a  trifle t ne$
 occasion small anxiety4 ,= ! human he>t
 is no  labor] = hire2 &1 :]e !re is    
opportunity af=d$ = true  & noble love1 
w ?ru/ away ! pr(f]$ wages1 & toil r  9 
a free & ?ankful _s4 ,if we are to      
comp>e1 z a s\rce (  duty1 ! grateful ) 
! m]ely prud5tial temp]1 r may we  tru/ 
! fir/1 z n ! wor?i] only1 b ! /rong]   
too2 &  till we obta9 emancipation f !  
latt]1--=get ! computations  ( hope &   
fe>1 & precipitate ourselves = bett] or 
= worse on  "s object ( div9e love &    

tru/1--our nature w be puny &  weak1 our
 wills w turn 9 sickness f _! duty1 &   
our  affections %r9k 9 av]sion f _!     
heav54 ,b ?\gh p]sonal  gratitude is    
bett] ?an prud5ce1 !re is a high] s]vice
 /ill4 ,a  m dis9t]e/$ love may spr+ f !
 contemplation ( :at ,god  is 9 himself1
 ?an f ! recollection ( :at he has done 
= u2  & :5 ?is m+les mo/ l>gely z an    
elem5t among our spr+s (  action2 :51   
humbl$ inde$ by a k ( dang]s t await u1 
& ?ankful1 too1 = ! bless+s spread ar\nd
 u1 we yet desire  *iefly to be fitt+   
*ildr5 ( ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r & ! holy  ,god2
 :5 we v5]ate him = ! graci\sness1 &    
purity1 &  maje/y ( 8 _s1 imp]sonat$ 9  
,jesus1 & resolve to s]ve him  truly1   
be=e he has grant$ ! desire ( our he>t1 
& because he  is ( a nature s sublime & 
m]ciful & good2--!n are we 9 !          
condition ( h] :o b5t ov] ! feet (      
,*ri/2 & we are  =giv51 because we h    
lov$ mu*4    7#b47 ,let u n[1 9         
conclusion1 turn our att5tion to ^?     
portions  ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* speak ( 

! dea? ( ,*ri/ z ! means  ( r$emption4  
,i h said1 t ^! are to be f\nd          
exclusively 9 passages ( !  sacr$ writ+s
 :i* treat ( ! ,g5tile controv]sy1 or ( 
topics  imm$iately connect$ ) x4 ,?is   
controv]sy arose naturally out (  !     
design ( ,provid5ce to make ! n>r[1     
exclusive1 c]emonial  sy/em ( ,judaism  
give bir? to ! univ]sal & spiritual     
religion (  ! ,gospel2 f ,god's me?od ( 
exp&+ ! ,hebrew ,messiah into !  ,savi\r
 ( humanity4 ,= ?is ! nation 0 n prep>$2
 to ?is ev5  ! ,hebrew ,*ri/ians c\ld n 
easily con=m _! fai?2 & 9 !  a*ievem5t (
 ?is1 or 9 p]suad+ ! _w t x 0 a*iev$1   
did ,paul sp5d 8 noble life1 & write 8  
a/oni%+ ,epi/les4 ,!  ,jews knew t !    
,deliv]] 0 to be ( _! peculi> /ock1 &   
_! royal l9eage2 !y believ$ t he w\ld   
ga!r ^u himself all  ! s+ul>ities ( _!  
race1 & be a ,hebrew to int5sity2 t he  
w\ld lit]ally re/ore ! k+dom to ,israel2
 ay1 & ext5d x too1  immeasurably beyond
 ! b\nds ( its =m] greatness2 till1 9   
fact1  x swall[$ up all exi/+           

pr9cipalities1 & p[]s1 & ?rones1  &     
dom9ions1 & became coext5sive ) ! e>?4  
,!n 9 ,j]usalem1  z ! c5tre ( ! vanqui%$
 nations1 be=e ! temple1 z ! alt>  ( a  
humbl$ _w1 did !y expect ! ,messiah to  
erect 8 ?rone2 &  :5 he _h tak5 ! seat (
 judgm5t1 to summon all ! tribes be=e  8
 tribunal1 & pass on ! ,g5tiles1 except+
 ! few :o might  submit to ! law1 a     
s5t5ce ( p]petual exclusion f 8 realm2  
:ile 8 own p w\ld be invit$ to ! seats (
 honor1 occupy !  place ( au?ority1 &   
sit d[n ) him 7! greate/ at 8 "r  h& & 8
 left7 at 8 table 9 8 k+dom4 ,! holy m5 
( old 7  to come on e>? aga9 to see ?is 
day4 ,& _m ?\ght t e "p  ( ! realm ?us  
con/itut$1 & all its inhabitants1 w\ld  
nev] die3  b1 l ! ,messiah himself1 & ! 
patri>*s :om he 0 to call to  life1 w\ld
 be inve/$ ) immortality4 ,none 7 to be 
admitt$ to  ^! gold5 days except        
!mselves2 all else to be left 9 out]    
d>kness f ?is region ( light1 & !re to  
p]i% & be se5 no  m4 ,! gr& title to    
admission 0 con=mity ) ! ,mosaic law2  !

 mo/ ritually scrupul\s 7 ! mo/ secure2 
& ! c>eless  ,israelite1 :o =got or     
omitt$ an (f]+1 a ti!1 a ,sabba? duty1  
might incur ! p5alty ( exclusion & dea?3
 ! law prescrib$ su*  mortal puni%m5t = 
! smalle/ (f5ce2 & no "o1 !re=e1 c\ld   
feel himself ready ) 8 claim1 if he _h n
 yield$ a p]fect  ob$i5ce4 ,if ,god 7 to
 admit him on any o!r plea1 x w\ld be ( 
pure grace & goodness1 & n 9 fulfilm5t (
 any promise4    ,! ,jews1 be+ scatt]$  
ov] ! civiliz$ _w1 & hav+  synagogues 9 
e city1 came into p]petual contact ) o!r
  p4 ,nor 0 x possible t ! ,g5tiles1    
among :om !y liv$1  %\ld notice ! s+ul> 
purity & simplicity ( ! ,israeliti%     
,!ism1 )\t "s ( !m be+ /ruck ) its _s1  
attract$  by its sublime pr9ciples1 &   
dispos$ to place !mselves 9  religi\s   
relations ) t s+ul> p4 ,hav+ be5 l$ into
  admiration1 & ev5 pr(ession1 ( !      
nation's !ology1 !y c\ld  n b desire to 
%>e _! hopes2 :i* inde$ 7 an integral   
"p ( _! religion1 &1 at ! ,*ri/ian era1 
! "o elem5t 9  x to :i* !y 7 mo/        

passionately atta*$4 ,b ?is 0 a  /ret* (
 *>ity too great = any ,hebrew2 or1 at  
all ev5ts1 if  su* admission 7 ev] to be
 ?\ght (1 x mu/ be only on  condition ( 
absolute submission to ! requirem5ts ( !
 law4 ,!  ,g5tile w\ld naturally plead1 
t1 z ,god _h n made him ( !  *os5       
nation1 he _h giv5 him no law1 except t 
( consci5ce2  t1 be+ )\t ! law1 he mu/  
be a law unto himself2 & t1  if he _h   
liv$ accord+ to 8 light1 he c\ld n be   
ju/ly  exclud$ on ! gr\nd ( accid5tal   
disqualification4 ,possibly1 9  !       
provocation ( dispute1 ! ,g5tile might  
sometimes become fr[>d  & insol5t 9 8   
ass]tion ( claim2 &1 9 ! pride ( 8      
he>t1 dem& z a "r t :i*1 at mo/1 c\ld   
only be humbly  hop$ = z a privilege & a
 free gift4    ,?us 7 ! p>ties mutually 
plac$ to :om ! ,deliv]] came4 ,?us  d5se
 & complicat$ 0 ! web ( prejudice :i*   
clung r\nd !  e>ly /eps ( ! ,gospel2 &  
:i* mu/ be bur/ or dis5tangl$ ere  !    
glad tid+s c\ld h free c\rse & be       
glorifi$4 ,h[ did  ,provid5ce develop f 

su* elem5ts ! div9e & ev]la/+  tru?8 ,n 
by neglect+ !m1 & speak+ to mank9d z if 
!y _h  no su* ideas2 n by =bidd+ 8      
mess5g]s & tea*]s to h  any pati5ce )   
!m2 b1 on ! contr>y1 by us+ ^! v        
notions z tempor>y means to 8 ev]la/+   
ends2 by t\*+ ?is  & t ) light be=e !   
eyes ( ,apo/les1 z if to say1 !re  are  
good capabilities 9 ^!2 ! tru? may be   
educ$ f !m s  g5tly & s wisely1 t ! _w w
 f9d itself 9 light1  )\t p]ceiv+ h[ x  
has be5 quitt+ ! d>kness4    ,s long z  
,*ri/ rema9$ on e>?1 he necess>ily      
conf9$ 8  m9i/ry to 8 nation4 ,he w\ld n
 h be5 ! ,messiah _h he done  o!rwise4  
,by bir?1 by l9eage1 by locality1 by    
habit1 he 0  altoge!r !irs4 ,:oev]1 !n1 
( 8 own p1 dur+ 8 mortal  life1 believ$ 
9 him & foll[$ him1 became a subject ( !
  ,messiah2 ready1 x 0 suppos$1 ev5 by !
 ,apo/les !mselves1 to  ent] ! glory ( 8
 k+dom1 :5ev] x %\ld please him to      
assume x2 qualifi$ at once1 by !        
comb9ation ( p$igree & (  belief1 to    
ent] into life1 to become a memb] ( !   

k+dom ( ,god1  to take a place among !  
elect2 = by all ^! phrases 0  describ$ !
 admission to ! expect$ realm4 ,if1 !n1 
,jesus _h  nev] suff]$ & di$1 if he _h  
nev] retir$ f ?is _w1 b  /ay$ to fulfil 
! anticipations ( 8 fir/ foll[]s1 8     
,messianic k+dom might h includ$ all !  
conv]ts ( !  ,israeliti% /ock4 ,f !     
exclusion :i* fell on o!rs1 !y w\ld  h  
obta9$ salvation4 ,h5ce1 x is nev] 9    
connection ) !  fir/ ,jewi% ,*ri/ians t 
! dea? ( ,*ri/ is m5tion$4    ,x 0      
o!rwise1 h[ev]1 ) ! ,g5tiles4 ,!y c\ld n
 become 8  foll[]s 9 8 mortal lifetime2 
& _h a ,messianic reign !n be5  set up1 
!y mu/ h be5 exclud$2 no mission>y w\ld 
h be5  ju/ifi$ 9 address+ !m )          
invitation2 !y c\ld n1 z x 0  said1 h   
ent]$ into life4 ,! ,messiah mu/ cease  
to be ,jewi%1  be=e he c\ld become      
univ]sal2 & ?is impli$ 8 dea?1 by :i*   
alone ! p]sonal relations1 :i* made him 
! prop]ty ( a nation1  c\ld be          
annihilat$4 ,to ?is he submitt$2 he     
disrob$ himself ( 8  corporeality1 he   

became an immortal _s2 !reby in/antly   
bur/ 8  religion op5 to ! dim5sions ( ! 
_w2 &1 z he asc5d$ to !  skies1 s5t x =?
 to scatt] ! se$s ( bless+ ov] ! field (
  ! _w1 long pl\gh$ ) c>es1 & moi/ )    
griefs1 & s(t5$  n[ to n\ri% 9 its bosom
 ! tree ( ,life4    ,n[1 h[ w\ld !      
effect ( ?is great revolution be        
describ$ to !  proselyte ,g5tiles1 s    
long va9ly pray+ = admission to !       
,israeliti% hope4 ,at once x de/roy$ _! 
exclusion2 put away z  valueless !      
,jewi% claims ( circumcision & law2     
nail$ !  h&writ+ ( ord9ances to ! cross2
 reconcil$ !m t _h be5  af> (f2 r$eem$  
!m to ,god by 8 blood1 out ( e tongue1 &
  k9dr$1 & p1 & nation2 wa%$ !m 9 8     
blood2 ju/ifi$  !m by 8 resurrection &  
asc5sion2 an expression1 ,i w\ld  rem>k1
 unmean+ on any o!r explanation4    ,ev5
 dur+ our ,"l's p]sonal m9i/ry 8        
approa*+ dea? is  m5tion$ z ! means (   
introduc+ ! ,g5tiles into 8 ,messianic  
k+dom4 ,he adv]ts repeat$ly to 8 cross1 
z design$ to wid51 by  _! admission1 !  

ext5t ( 8 sway2 &1 accord+ to ,scripture
  phrase1 to yield to him mu* fruit4 ,he
 0 already on 8 la/ fatal  visit to     
,j]usalem1 :51 tak+ ! h9t f ! visit ( "s
  ,greeks to him1 he exclaim$3 ,! h\r is
 come1 t ! ,son ( man  %\ld be glorifi$4
 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 except a 
gra9 (  :eat fall into ! gr\nd & die1 x 
abide? alone3 b if x die1  x br+e? =?   
mu* fruit4 ,he adds1 9 allusion to !    
dea? he  %\ld die3 ,& ,i1 if ,i be lift$
 up f ! e>?1 w draw all  m5 unto me4 ,x 
is = ?is end t he resigns = a :ile 8    
life1--t he may br+ 9 ! w&]]s :o are n (
 !  commonweal? ( ,israel3 ,o!r %eep ,i 
h1 :i* are n ( ?is  fold3 !m also ,i mu/
 br+1 & !y %all he> my voice2 & !re     
%all be "o fold & "o %eph]d3 !re=e do?  
my ,fa!r love me1  because ,i lay d[n my
 life1 t ,i may take x aga94 ,_m a      
p>able  did ,jesus utt]1 proclaim+ 8    
,fa!r's int5d$ m]cy to !  uncov5ant$    
nations3 b = himself p]sonally he       
decl>$1 ,i am  n s5t1 b to ! lo/ %eep ( 
! h\se ( ,israel4 ,8 adv5t  0 a promise 

( _! economy2 8 (fice1 ! tradition>y    
hope (  _! fa!rs2 8 bir?1 8 life1 8     
p]son1 7 "u ! ,law1  & exclud$ him f    
relations to ^? :o 7 beyond its         
obligations4 ,on ! cross1 all ! connate 
peculi>ities ( !  ,naz>5e ceas$ to exi/3
 :5 ! seal ( ! sepul*re gave way1 !     
seal ( ! law 0 brok5 too2 ! nationality 
( 8 p]son pass$  away2 = h[ c an        
immortal be a ,jew8 ,?is1 !n1 0 ! "t to 
op5 wide ! scope ( 8 mission1 & to      
invite to ,god's acceptance  ^? t fe>   
him 9 e nation4 ,?\gh1 be=e1 ! disciple 
might h kn[n ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 & foll[$
 8 /eps z  ! ,hebrew ,messiah1 yet n[   
h5ce=? 0 he to "k him s no  m2 ^! old   
?+s _h pass$ away1 s9ce he _h di$ =     
all1--di$ to become univ]sal1--to drop  
all exclusive relations1 &  reconcile ! 
_w1 ! ,g5tile _w1 to ,god4 ,obs]ve to   
:om ?is  m9i/ry ( reconciliation is     
especially confid$4 ,z if to %[  t x is 
exclusively ! ris5 ,*ri/ :o belongs to  
all m51 &  t 8 dea? 0 ! in/rum5t ( !    
,g5tiles' admission1 _!  great ,apo/le 0

 "o ,paul1 :o _h n kn[n ! ,savi\r 9 8   
mortal life2 :o nev] li/5$ to 8 voice   
till x spake f  heav52 :o himself 0 !   
conv]t ( 8 asc5sion2 & bore to him  !   
relation1 n ( subject to ! p]son ( a    
,hebrew k+1 b (  _s to _s1 unemb>rass$  
by any?+ e>?ly1 legal1 or  hi/orical4   
,well did ,paul und]/& ! fre$om & !     
sanctity (  ?is relation2 & ar\nd ! idea
 ( ! ,heav5ly ,messiah ga!r$  all 8     
conceptions ( ! spirituality ( !        
,gospel1 ( its p[]  ov] ! unconsci\s    
affections1 r ?an a reluctant w4 ,8     
believ+ c\ntrym5 7 afraid to disreg>d ! 
obs]vances ( !  law1 le/ x %\ld be a    
disloyalty to ,god1 & disqualify !m =  !
 ,messiah's welcome1 :5 he came to take 
8 p[] & reign4 ,paul  tells !m1 t1 :ile 
_! ,"l rema9$ 9 ?is mortal /ate1 !y  7  
"r2 z repres5tative ( ! law1 & fill+ an 
(fice  creat$ by ! religion ( ,judaism1 
he c\ld n b h held !m  !n to its        
obligations2 nor c\ld !y1 )\t           
infidelity1 h  neglect$ its claims1 any 
m ?an a wife c innoc5tly sep>ate  h]self

 f a liv+ husb&4 ,b z ! dea? ( ! man    
sets !  woman free1 & makes null ! law (
 _! union1 s ! decease (  ,*ri/'s body  
emancipates 8 foll[]s f all legal       
relations to  him2 & !y are at lib]ty to
 w$ !mselves anew to ! ris5  ,*ri/1 :o  
dwells :]e no ord9ance is ne$ful1 no tie
 p]mitt$ b  ( ! _s1 & all are z ! angels
 ( ,god4 ,surely1 !n1 ?is  mode (       
conception expla9s :y ! dea? ( ,jesus   
con/itutes a great  date 9 ! ,*ri/ian   
economy1 especially z exp\nd$ by ! fri5d
  & ,apo/le ( ^? :o 7 n ,jews by nature1
 b s9n]s ( !  ,g5tiles4 ,_h he nev] di$1
 !y mu/ h rema9$ ali5s f 8  sway2 !     
enemies aga9/ :om 8 p[] mu/ be direct$2 
)\t  hope 9 ! day ( 8 might2 /rang]s to 
,god & 8 viceg]5t4    ,b1 :ile ?us !y 7 
yet )\t /r5g?1 ,*ri/ di$ = ^!  ungodly2 
di$ to put himself into connection ) !m1
 else  impossible2 &1 ris+ f dea?1 drew 
!m aft] him into spiritual  exi/5ce on  
e>?1 analog\s to t :i* he pass$ 9 heav54
 ,y1  says _! ,apo/le1 be+ dead 9 y\r   
s9s & ! uncircumcision (  y\r fle%1 ha? 

he quick5$ toge!r ) him2 giv+ y1 z ris5 
) him1 a life above ! _w & its law (    
exclusion1--a life n  subject to        
ord9ances1 b ( secret love & heav5ly    
fai?1 hid  ) ,*ri/ 9 ,god2 blott+ out ! 
h&writ+ ( ord9ances t  0 aga9/ u1 :i* 0 
contr>y to u1 & tak+ x out ( ! way1     
nail+ x to 8 cross4 ,god _h nev] int5d$ 
to p]petuate !  division betwe5 ,israel 
& ! _w1 receiv+ ! "o z ! sons1  & %utt+ 
out ! o!r z ! slaves ( 8 h\sehold4 ,if  
!re _h  be5 an appe>ance ( su*          
p>tiality1 he _h always design$ to set  
^! bondm5 free1 & to make !m heirs (    
,god ?r\gh ,*ri/2 9  :om !y _h r$emption
 ?r\gh 8 blood f _! s]vile /ate1  !     
=giv5ess ( disqualify+ s9s1 accord+ to !
 ri*es ( 8  grace4 ,?\gh ! ,hebrews     
boa/$ t !irs 0 ! adoption1 &  till      
,messiah's dea? _h boa/$ truly2 yet 9 t 
ev5t ,god1 be=e  ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 _h 
bless$ u 7,g5tiles7 ) all  spiritual    
bless+s 9 heav5ly places2 hav+ pr$e/9at$
 u unto  ! adoption ( *ildr51 by ,jesus 
,*ri/1 accord+ 7n inde$ to any  "r or   

promise1 b7 to ! good pleasure ( 8 w1 & 
:5 we  7 enemies1 hav+ reconcil$ u1 by !
 dea? ( 8 ,son2 t 9  ! fulness ( times  
he might ga!r toge!r 9 "o all ?+s 9     
,*ri/2 by :om we 7,g5tiles7 h n[ receiv$
 ?is atonem5t  7reconciliation72 t he   
might h no p>tial empire1 b t 9 him     
might all fulness dwell4 ,:]e=e1 says _!
 ,apo/le1 rememb]  t ye1 ,g5tiles 9 !   
fle%1 7 9 "t pa/ )\t ,messiah1  be+     
ali5s f ! commonweal? ( ,israel1 &      
/rang]s f !  cov5ant ( promise1 hav+ no 
hope1 & )\t ,god 9 ! _w2 b  n[ 9 ,*ri/  
,jesus1 ye1 :o sometime 7 af> (f1 are   
made nigh by  ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,= he is 
our peace1 :o ha? made bo? "o1 &  ha?   
brok5 d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition      
betwe5 u 7n betwe5  ,god & man1 b betwe5
 ,jew & ,g5tile72 hav+ aboli%$ 9 8  fle%
 ! enmity1 ev5 ! law ( comm&m5ts1       
conta9$ 9 ord9ances2  = to make 9       
himself1 ( twa91 "o new man1 s mak+     
peace2 &  t he might reconcile bo? unto 
,god1 9 "o body1 by ! cross1 hav+  sla9 
! enmity !reby2 & came & prea*$ peace to

 y :o 7  af> (f1 z well z to !m t 7     
nigh4 ,= ?r\gh him we bo?  h an access  
by "o _s unto ! ,fa!r4    ,! way1 !n1 is
 cle> & intelligible1 9 :i* ! dea? &    
asc5sion ( ! ,messiah r5d]$ him         
univ]sal1 by giv+ spirituality  to 8    
rule2 &1 on ! simple condition ( fai?1  
add$ !  uncov5ant$ nations to 8 dom9ion1
 s f> z !y 7 will+ to  receive him4 ,?is
 idea1 & ?is only1 w be f\nd 9 almo/ e  
passage ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7except+ !    
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews7  usually adduc$  
to prove ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,"s ( 
!  /ronge/ ( ^! ,i h already quot$2 & my
 read]s mu/ judge  :e!r !y h receiv$ a  
satisfactory mean+4 ,!re are o!rs1 9    
:i* ! ,g5tiles are n s di/9ctly /at$ to 
be ! sole objects  ( ! r$emption ( !    
cross2 b ) sc>cely an exception1 s f>  z
 ,i c discov]1 ?is limitation is impli$1
 & ei!r creeps out  ?r\gh "s adjac5t    
expression 9 ! context1 or betrays      
itself1 :5  we recur to ! g5]al c\rse ( 
! ,apo/le's argum5t1 or to !  "* &      
circum/ances ( 8 correspond5ts4 ,?us    

,paul says1 t  ,*ri/ gave himself a     
ransom = all1 to be te/ifi$ 9 due "t2 ! 
next v]se %[s :at is 9 8 m9d1 :5 he     
adds1 :]eunto ,i am  orda9$ a prea*]1 & 
an ,apo/le1 a tea*] ( ,,! ,,g5tiles 9   
fai?  & v]ity2 & ! :ole s5tim5t ( !     
context is ! ,univ]sality  ( ! ,gospel1 
& ! duty ( pray+ = ,g5tile k+s & p1 z  n
 ab&on$ to a =eign ,god & ano!r         
,m$iator2 = s9ce ,messiah's  dea?1 to u 
all !re is b ,"o ,god1 & ,"o ,m$iator   
betwe5 ,god  & m51 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus3  
:]e=e ! ,apo/le wills1 t =  all m5 pray 
ev]y:]e1 lift+ up holy h&s1 )\t wra? &  
d\bt+1--)\t wra? at _! admission1 or    
d\bt ( _!  adoption4 ,& :]ev] emphasis  
is laid on ! va/ numb] b5efit$  by !    
cross1 a contra/ is impli$ ) ! few 7only
 ! ,jews7 :o  c\ld h be5 8 subjects _h  
he n di$3 & :5 x is said1 he  gave 8    
life a ransom = _m2 8 blood 0 %$ = _m1 =
  ! remission ( s9s2 ?\ wa/ sla91 & ha/ 
r$eem$ u by ?y  blood1 out ( e k9dr$1 & 
tongue1 & p1 & nation1 &  ha/ made u    
unto our ,god k+s & prie/s1 & we %all   

reign on !  e>?2 behold ! ,lamb ( ,god t
 take? away ! s9 ( !  _w2#af--;by all ^!
 expressions is /ill d5ot$ ! efficacy ( 
,*ri/'s dea? 9 remov+ ! ,g5tile         
disqualification1 & mak+ 8  disp5sation 
spiritual z 8 cele/ial exi/5ce1 &       
univ]sal z !  ,fa!rhood ( ,god4 ,does   
,paul exhort c]ta9 ( 8 disciples to fe$ 
! *ur* ( ! ,"l1 :i* he ha? pur*as$ ) 8  
own blood8#ag  ,we f9d t he is speak+ ( 
! ,g5tile *ur* ( ,ephesus1 ^:  eld]s he 
is in/ruct+ 9 ! managem5t ( _! *>ge1 &  
to :i*  he aft]w>ds wrote ! well-kn[n   
,epi/le1 on _! ,g5tile fre$om &         
adoption obta9$ by ! ,messiah's dea?4   
,:5 ,pet] says1 ,ye "k t  ye 7 n r$eem$ 
) corruptible ?+s1 z silv] & gold1 f    
y\r va9 conv]sation1 receiv$ by         
tradition f y\r fa!rs2 b  ) ! preci\s   
blood ( ,*ri/1 z ( a lamb )\t blemi% &  
)\t spot1--we mu/ inquire to :om he is  
address+ ^! words4  ,if x be to ! ,jews1
 ! int]pretation :i* ,i h hi!rto giv5 ( 
su* language w n apply1 & we mu/ seek an
 explanation altoge!r  diff]5t4 ,b !    

:ole mann] ( ?is ,epi/le1 ! complexion (
 its  phraseology ?r\gh\t1 conv9ces me t
 x 0 address$ especially to  ! ,g5tile  
conv]ts ( ,asia ,m9or2 & t ! r$emption (
 :i*  x speaks is no o!r ?an t :i* is ! 
frequ5t !me ( _! own  ,apo/le4    ,9 !  
passage j quot$1 ! =m ( expression      
itself sugge/s !  idea1 t ,pet] is      
address+ a class :i* did n include      
himself3  ,,ye 7 n r$eem$1 c42 f>!r on1 
9 ! same ,epi/le1 ! same  s5tim5t       
occurs1 h[ev]1 )\t any su* visible      
re/riction4  ,exhort+ to pati5t suff]+ =
 consci5ce' sake1 he appeals to !       
example ( ,*ri/2 :o1 :5 he suff]$1      
?reat5$ n1 b  committ$ himself to ,him t
 judge? righte\sly2 :o1 8 own self1  b>e
 our s9s 9 8 own body on ! tree1 t we1  
be+ dead to  s9s1 %\ld live unto        
righte\sness3 yet1 ) in/ant *ange 9 !   
expression1 reveal+ 8 correspond5ts to  
u1 ! ,apo/le adds1 by  ^: /ripes ,,ye 7 
heal$4 ,= ye 7 z %eep go+ a/ray2 b  are 
n[ return$ unto ! ,%eph]d & ,bi%op ( y\r
 s\ls4 ,) !  in/9ct ( a g5tle & g5]\s   

he>t1 ! writ]1 treat+ 9 pla9  t]ms ( !  
=m] s9s ( ^? :om he addresses1 puts     
himself 9  ) !m2 & avoids e appe>ance ( 
t spiritual pride by  :i* ! ,jew        
con/antly r5d]$ himself (f5sive to !    
,g5tile4    ,aga91 9 ?is lett]1 he      
recomm5ds ! duty ( pati5t endurance1 by 
appeal to ! same consid]ation ( ,*ri/'s 
dis9t]e/$  self-sacrifice4 ,x is bett]1 
if ! w ( ,god be s1 t ye suff]  =       
well-do+ ?an = evil-do+3 = ,*ri/ also   
ha? once suff]$  = s9s1 ! j = ! unju/1 t
 he might br+ u to ,god4 ,&  :o are ^!  
unju/ t are ?us br\ght to ,god8 ,!      
,apo/le  in/antly expla9s1 by describ+  
h[ ! ,jews by nature lo/  possession (  
,messiah by ! dea? ( 8 p]son1 & s9n]s ( 
!  ,g5tiles ga9$ him by ! resurrection (
 8 immortal nature2 be+  put to dea? 9  
fle%1 b quick5$ 9 _s2 & !reby he w5t &  
prea*$ unto ! spirits 9 prison1 :o =m]ly
 7 )\t fai?4  ,?is is cle>ly a          
description ( ! hea!n _w1 ere x 0 br\ght
  into relation to ! ,messianic         
promises4 ,/ill fur!r confirmation1     

h[ev]1 foll[s4 ,! ,apo/le adds3 ,=asmu*1
 !n1 z ,*ri/ ha?  suff]$ = u 9 ! fle%1  
arm y\rselves likewise ) ! same  m9d2 = 
! "t pa/ ( our life may suffice u to h  
wr\ght !  w ( ! ,g5tiles2 :5 we walk$ 9 
lascivi\sness1 lu/s1  excess ( w9e1     
revell+s1 banquet+s1 & abom9able        
idolatries4  ,if we _c admit ?is to be a
 j description ( ! holy ,apo/le's  =m]  
life1 we mu/ p]ceive t1 writ+ to ,pagans
 ( :om x 0  all true1 he beautifully    
)holds f 8 language e trace (  invidi\s 
di/9ction1 puts himself = ! mom5t into !
 same class1  & seems to take 8 %>e ( ! 
di/ress+ recollection4    ,! habitual   
delicacy ) :i* ,paul1 likewise1 class$  
himself )  e ord] ( p]sons 9 turn1 to   
:om he _h any?+ pa9ful to  say1 is kn[n 
to e intellig5t read] ( 8 ,epi/les4     
,h5ce1 9  8 writ+s too1 we h (t5 to     
consid] ) :om x is t  he is hold+ 8     
dialogue1 & to make our int]pretation   
dep5d5t  on ! answ]4 ,:51 = example1 he 
says1 t ,jesus 0 deliv]$  = our (f5ces1 
& 0 rais$ aga9 = our ju/ification2 ,i   

ask1 ,= ^:8--0 x = ev]ybody's8--or = !  
,jews'1 s9ce  ,paul 0 a ,hebrew8 ,on    
look+ closely into ! argum5t1 ,i f9d x  
beyond d\bt t nei!r ( ^! answ]s is      
correct2 & t !  ,apo/le1 9 con=mity ) 8 
frequ5t practice1 is c]ta9ly  id5tify+  
himself1 ,israelite ?\gh he 01 ) !      
,g5tiles1 to  :om1 at t mom5t1 8 reason+
 applies itself4 ,! neighbor+  v]ses h  
expressions :i* cle>ly en\gh decl>e ?is3
 :5 we  7 yet )\t /r5g?1 & :ile we 7 yet
 s9n]s1  ,*ri/ di$ = u4 ,x is to !      
,g5tile *ur* at ,cor9?1 &  :ile         
expatiat+ on _! privileges & relations z
 su*1 t ,paul  speaks ( !               
disqualifications & legal unhol9ess ( ! 
hea!n1  z vani%+ 9 ! dea? ( ! ,messiah2 
z ! recov]$ lep]'s  uncleanness 0       
remov$1 & 8 bani%m5t rev]s$1 & 8        
exclusion f ! temple end$1 :5 ! lamb )\t
 blemi%1 :i*  ! law prescrib$ z 8       
s9-(f]+1 bl$ b5ea? ! knife1 s did  ,god 
provide 9 ,jesus a lamb )\t blemi% = !  
exil$ &  unsanctifi$ ,g5tiles1 to br+ !m
 f _! f> dwell+ 9 !  lepr\s haunts ( ?is

 _w's wild]ness1 & admit !m to !        
sanctu>y ( spiritual heal? & wor%ip3 ,he
 ha? made him to be a  s9-(f]+ = u      
7,g5tiles71 :o knew no s92 t we might be
 made  ! ju/ifi$ ( ,god 9 him2 ent]+1 "u
 ! ,messiah1 !  community ( sa9ts4 ,t1 9
 ?is sacrificial allusion1 ! ,g5tile    
adoption is /ill ! ,apo/le's only !me1  
is evid5t h5ce3 t  twice 9 ?is v passage
 he decl>es t he is speak+ ( t  peculi> 
reconciliation1 ! ^w & m9i/ry ( :i* h   
be5  committ$ to himself2 he is dwell+  
on ! topic mo/ natural to "o  :o        
magnifi$ 8 (fice1 z ,apo/le ( !         
,g5tiles4    ,to ! same p>ties 0 ,paul  
writ+1 :5 he said1 ,*ri/1 our  passov]1 
is sacrific$ = u4 ,frequ5tly z ?is      
s5t5ce is cit$  9 evid5ce ( ! doctr9e ( 
,atonem5t1 !re is h>dly a v]se 9        
,scripture m utt]ly inapplicable2 nor1  
if ! doctr9e 7 true1  c\ld any?+ be m   
inept ?an an allusion to x 9 ?is place4 
,i  d n dwell on ! fact t ! pas*al lamb 
0 nei!r  s9-(f]+ nor prop] sacrifice at 
all3 = ! elucidation ( !  dea? ( ,jesus 

by sacrificial analogies is z easy &    
welcome z any  o!r mode ( repres5t+ x4  
,b ,i turn to ! :ole context1 &  seek = 
its lead+ idea1 be=e multiply+ inf]5ces 
f a  subord9ate illu/ration4 ,i f9d !   
au?or treat+1 n ( !  deliv]ance (       
believ]s f curse or exclusion1 b ( _!   
duty  to keep ! *ur*es cleans$1 by !    
expulsion ( notori\sly  pr(ligate       
memb]s4 ,su* p]sons !y are to ca/ f !m1 
z !  ,jews1 at ! passov]1 swept f _!    
h\ses all ! leav5 !y  conta9$2 & z =    
eight days1 at t season1 only pure      
unleav5$  bread 0 all[$ = use1 s ! ,*ur*
 mu/ keep ! ,gospel fe/ival  free f !   
f]m5t ( malice & wick$ness1 & ta/+ no?+ 
b s9c]ity & tru?4 ,?is comp>ison is !   
prim>y s5tim5t (  ! :ole passage2 "u    
cov] ( :i* ! ,apo/le is urg+ !          
,cor9?ians to expel a c]ta9 lic5ti\s    
(f5d]3 & only because  ! fea/ ( unleav5$
 bread1 on :i* 8 fancy has alight$1 set 
9  ) ! day ( passov]1 does he allude to 
?is 9 completion ( !  figure4 ,z 8      
correspond5ts 7 ,g5tiles1 _! ,*ri/ianity

  comm5c$ ) ! dea? ( ,*ri/2 ) him1 z an 
immortal1 _!  spiritual relations       
comm5c$2 :5 he rose1 !y rose ) him1 z by
  a div9e attraction1 f an e>?ly to a   
heav5ly /ate2 _! old  & corrupt man _h  
be5 buri$ toge!r ) him1 &1 ) ! human    
infirmities ( 8 p]son1 left beh9d = ev] 
9 8 sepul*re2 &  x became !m to seek ^? 
?+s :i* are above1 & to yield  !mselves 
to ,god1 z ^? t are alive f ! dead4 ,?is
 p]iod  ( ! ,"l's seque/ration 9 !      
heav5s ,paul repres5ts z a  fe/ival (   
purity to ! disciples on e>?1 u%]$ 9 by 
!  self-sacrifice ( ,*ri/4 ,! "t is     
come1 he says2 ca/ away !  leav51 = !   
passov] is sla91 bless$ bread ( heav5 to
 !m  t ta/e x6 let no?+ n[ be se5 9 all 
! h\sehold ( !  ,*ur*1 b ! unleav5$ cake
 ( simplicity & love4    ,paul aga9     
appe>s z ! advocate ( ! ,g5tiles1 :5 he 
prote/s  t n[ betwe5 !m & ! ,jews !re is
 no diff]5ce1 s9ce all  h s9n$ & come   
%ort ( ! glory ( ,god2 t ! ,hebrew has  
lo/ all claim to ! ,messianic adoption1 
& c h no hope b 9  t free grace ( ,god1 

:i* has a sov]eign "r to embrace !      
hea!n too2 & :i*1 9 fact1 has compass$ !
 ,g5tiles )9 its  r$emption1 by caus+   
,jesus ! ,messiah to die2 by ^: blood   
,god  ha? set =? a propitiation1 ?r\gh  
fai?2 to ev9ce 8 ju/ice1  :ile ov]look+1
 ) ! =be>ance ( ,god1 transgressions    
pa/2--to ev9ce 8 ju/ice 9 ! arrangem5ts 
( ! pres5t  crisis2 :i* pres]ve 8 ju/ice
 7to ! ,israelite71 yet ju/ify on  m]e  
disciple%ip to ,jesus4 ,! great "q :i* !
 ,apo/le  discusses ?r\gh\t ?is ,epi/le 
is ?is3 ,on :at t]ms is a man n[        
admitt$ z a subject to ! ,messiah1 s z  
to be ackn[l$g$ by him1  :5 he comes to 
erect 8 k+dom8 ,he mu/ be "o ( !        
circumcis$1 to :om alone ! holy law &   
promises are giv51 says  ! ,jew4 ,t is  
well1 replies ,paul2 only ! promises1 y 
rememb]1 are conditional on ob$i5ce2 &  
he :o claims by ! law  mu/ /& ! judgm5t 
( ! law4 ,c y\r nation abide ?is te/1  &
 w y /ake y\r hopes ^u ! issue8 ,or is  
!re on record  aga9/ y a violation ( e  
condition ( y\r boa/$                   

cov5ant1--:olesale & national           
transgression1 :i* y\r favorite  code   
itself m5aces ) 'cutt+ (f'8 ,h y ev5    
reject$ &  crucifi$ ! v ,messiah1 :o 0  
t5d]$ to y 9 due fulfilm5t  ( !         
promises8 ,take y\r trial by ! pr9ciples
 ( y\r law1 &  y mu/ be ca/ (f1 & p]i%1 
z c]ta9ly z ! hea!n :om y  despise2 & ^:
 rebellion aga9/ ! natural law1 gross z 
x is1  does n surpass y\r own (f5ces    
aga9/ ! tables ( ,moses4 ,y  mu/ ab&on !
 claim ( "r1 ! high talk ( ,god's ju/ice
 &  plight$ fai?2--:i* are alike ill    
suit$ to y bo?4 ,! rules (  law are out 
( ! "q1 & w\ld admit nobody2 & we mu/   
asc5d aga9 to ! sov]eign w & free m]cy (
 ,him :o is !  s\rce ( law2 & :o1 to    
be/[ a bless+ :i* its res\rces  _c      
conf]1 may devise new me?ods (          
b5efic5ce4 ,god has violat$  no pl$ge4  
,messiah came to ,israel1 & nev] w5t    
beyond its b\nds2  ! uncircumcis$ _h no 
"p 9 him2 & e ,hebrew :o desir$ x  0    
receiv$ z 8 subject4 ,b :5 ! p w\ld n h 
him1  & ?rew away _! anci5t title1 0    

,god ei!r to ab&on 8  viceg]5t1 or to   
=ce him on ! unwill+8 ,no3 r did x befit
  him to say3 ',if !y w reject & crucify
 my s]vant1--:y1 let him  die1 & !n he  
is ,israelite no m2 ,i w raise him1 &   
take him  ap>t 9 8 immortality2 :]e 8   
blood ( ,david is lo/2 & !  hol9ess ( 8 
humanity is glorifi$2 & all %all be 81  
:o w  believe1 & love him1 z he !re     
exi/s1 spiritually & truly4'  ,?us1     
accord+ to ,paul1 does ,god provide a   
new me?od ( adoption or  ju/ification1  
)\t violat+ any promises ( ! old4 ,?us  
he  makes ,fai? 9 ,jesus--a moral act1  
in/ead ( a g5ealogical  accid5t--! s+le 
condition ( reception into ! ,div9e     
k+dom  ^u e>?4 ,?us1 aft] ! passage (   
,*ri/ f ?is _w to  ano!r1 ,jew & ,g5tile
 are on an equality 9 relation to !     
,messiah2 ! "o ga9+ no?+ by 8 pa/       
privileges2 ! o!r1  n visit$ ) exclusion
 = pa/ idolatry & s9s1 b assur$1 9      
,messiah's dea?1 t ^! are to be         
ov]look$1 & treat$ z if  cleans$ away4  
,he f9ds himself invit$ into ! v        

p5etralia (  t sanctu>y ( pure fai? &   
hope1 f :i* be=e he _h be5  repell$ z an
 unclean ?+2 z if its ark ( m]cy _h be5 
purifi$  = ev] f 8 unwor?y t\*1 or he   
himself _h be5 spr9kl$ by  "s sudd5     
consecration4 ,& all ?is 0 ! inevitable 
& in/ant  effect ( t dea? on ,calv>y1   
:i* took ,messiah f ! ,jews &  gave him 
to ! _w4    ,) emphasis1 n less e>ne/   
?an t ( ,paul1 does ! ,apo/le ,john     
repudiate ! notion ( any claim on !     
,div9e admission by law or              
righte\sness2 & insi/ on humble &       
unqualifi$ acceptance ( ,god's  free    
grace & remission = ! pa/1 z ! sole     
av5ue ( entrance to  ! k+dom4 ,?is av5ue
 0 op51 h[ev]1 to all :o confess$ t     
,jesus ! ,messiah _h come 9 ! fle%2 9   
o!r words1 t1 dur+  8 mortal life1      
,jesus _h be5 indicat$ z ?is future     
,pr9ce2 &  t 8 m9i/ry 0 ! ,messiah's    
prelim9>y visit to t e>? on  :i* %ortly 
he w\ld reappe> to reign4 ,! great      
object ( t visit  0 to prep>e ! _w = 8  
real com+2 = z yet x 0 v  unfit = s     

great a crisis2 & especially to op51 by 
8 dea?1 a way  ( admission = ! ,g5tiles1
 & frame1 on _! behalf1 an act (        
oblivion = ! pa/4 ,if1 says ! ,apo/le to
 !m1 we walk 9 !  light1 z he is 9 !    
light 7( love & heav571 we h  fell[%ip  
"o ) ano!r1 & ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 8  
,son  cleanse? u f all s93 ! ,israelite 
w embrace ! ,g5tiles 9  frat]nal        
relations1 kn[+ t ! cross has remov$ _! 
pa/  unhol9ess4 ,nor let ! ,hebrew rely 
on any?+ n[ b ! ,div9e  =be>ance2 to    
appeal to rights w s]ve no long]3 ,if we
 say we  h no s91 we deceive ourselves1 
& ! tru? is n 9 u4 ,nor let  any "o     
despair ( a reception1 or ev5 a         
re/oration1 because he has  be5 an      
idolat] & s9n]3 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! righte\s 
is an  advocate ) ! ,fa!r = admitt+ all 
:o are will+ to be 82  & he is !        
propitiation = our s9s2 & n = ours only 
7n  m]ely = our small portion (         
,g5tiles1 already conv]t$72 b also  = ! 
:ole _w1 if !y w b accept him4 ,he di$  
to become  univ]sal2 to make all 8 own2 

to spread an oblivion1 wide z !  e>?1   
ov] all t _h emb>rass$ ! relations to ! 
,messiah1 &  made m5 ali5s1 in/ead (    
,sons ( ,god4 ,yet did no spontane\s    
movem5t  ( _! good affections solicit   
?is *ange4 ,x 0 n t we  7,g5tiles7 lov$ 
,god2 b t he lov$ u1 & s5t 8 ,son1 !    
propitiation = our s9s2 he s5t 8        
only-begott5 ,son into !  _w1 t we might
 live ?r\gh him4 ,t ?is ,epi/le 0       
address$  to ,g5tiles1 & is !re=e       
occupi$ ) ! same lead+ idea  respect+ ! 
cross :i* p]vades ! writ+s ( ,paul1 is  
r5d]$  probable by its conclud+ words1  
:i* c\ld h>dly be appropriate to  ,jews3
 ,keep y\rselves f idols4 ,h[ little !  
,apo/le associat$  any vic>i\s idea ev5 
) a =m ( phrase mo/ con/antly employ$   
by mod]n !ology to express x1 is evid5t 
f ! p>allel :i* he  draws1 9 ! foll[+   
words1 betwe5 ! dea? ( our ,"l & t (  ! 
,*ri/ian m>tyrs3 ,h]eby p]ceive we love1
 because ,*ri/ laid  d[n 8 life = u2 &  
we ought to lay d[n our lives = !       
bre?r54    ,are1 !n1 ! ,g5tiles alone   

b5eficially affect$ by ! dea? (  ,*ri/8 
& is no wid] efficacy ev] assign$ to x 9
 ,scripture8 ,!  great numb] ( passages 
to :i* ,i h already appli$ ?is s+le     
int]pretation w %[ t ,i consid] x z     
compris+ ! great  lead+ idea ( !        
,apo/olic !ology on ?is subject2 nor d  
,i ?9k  t !re is 7out ( ! ,epi/le to !  
,hebrews1 :i* ,i %all soon  notice7 a   
s+le doctr9al allusion to ! cross1 f :i*
 ?is  conception is :olly abs5t4 ,at !  
same "t1 ,i am n prep>$ to  ma9ta91 t   
?is is ! only view ( ! crucifixion &    
resurrection ev] pres5t to ! m9d ( !    
,apo/les4 ,jews !mselves1  !y naturally 
inquir$1 h[ ,israel1 9 p>ticul>1 /ood   
affect$ by  ! unanticipat$ dea? ( its   
,messiah2 9 :at way its relations 7     
*ang$1 :5 ! (f]$ ,pr9ce became ! execut$
 victim2 & h[ f>  matt]s w\ld h be5     
diff]5t1 if1 z _h be5 expect$1 !        
,ano9t$ _h assum$ 8 rights & tak5 8 p[] 
at once2 &1  in/ead ( mak+ 8 fir/ adv5t 
a m]e prelim9>y & w>n+ visit  9 ! fle%1 
_h set up ! k+dom =?)1 & ga!r$ ) him  8 

few foll[]s to reign on ! e>?4 ,_h      
?is--in/ead (  submission to dea?1      
removal1 & delay--be5 8 adopt$ c\rse1   
:at  w\ld h become ( 8 own nation1 :o _h
 reject$ him1--:o mu/  h be5 tri$ by t  
law :i* 0 _! boa/1 & "u :i* he          
came1--:o _h long be5 notori\s (f5d]s   
aga9/ its conditions1 &  n[ br\ght d[n  
its f9al curse by despis+ ! claims ( !  
accr$it$ ,messiah8 ,!y mu/ h be5 utt]ly 
cut (f1 & ca/ out  among ! ali5s f !    
commonweal? ( ,israel1 )\t ,messiah1    
)\t hope1 )\t ,god2 = :ile circumcision 
pr(ite?1 if  ?\ keep ! law2 yet if ?\ be
 a break] ( ! law1 ?y  circumcision is  
made uncircumcision4 ,_h he come !n to  
be  glorifi$ 9 8 sa9ts1 & to be admir$ 9
 all !m t  believe1--_h he !n be5       
reveal$ ) 8 mighty angels 7:om he  might
 h summon$ by legions71--x mu/ h be5 9  
flam+ fire1  tak+ v5geance on !m t knew 
n ,god1 nor obey$ ! glad tid+s  ( ! ,"l 
,jesus ,*ri/2 to puni% ) ev]la/+        
de/ruction f  ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l & !     
glory ( 8 p[]4 ,! s9s &  prospects (    

,israel be+ ?us t]rible1 & its rejection
 imm95t 7=  ,messiah 0 already 9 ! mid/ 
( !m71 he )held 8 h&2 refus$  to        
precipitate _! j fate2 & said1 ,let u   
give !m "t1 &  wait2 ,i w g ap>t into ! 
heav5s1 & p]adv5ture !y w  rep5t2 only  
!y mu/ receive me !n spiritually1 & by  
he>ty fai?1  n by c>nal "r1 admitt+ ?us 
! will+ ,g5tile )  !mselves4 ,& s he    
prep>$ to die & retire2 he did n p]mit  
!m to be cut (f1 b 0 cut (f himself     
in/ead2 he re/ra9$ !  curse ( _! own law
 f fall+ on !m1 & r p]i%$ himself  by a 
f\l & accurs$ lot1 :i* t same law       
pron\nces to be !  vile/ & mo/ pollut$ (
 dea?s4 ,?us says ,/4 ,paul to ! ,jews3 
,he  ha? r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! law1 be+
 made a curse = u2  = x is writt51      
',curs$ is e "o t hange? on a tree4'#ah 
,9  ?is way1 b = ! dea? ( ! ,messiah1   
,israel too mu/ h be5  lo/2 & by t ev5t 
!y receiv$ "t = rep5tance1 & a way =    
remission ( s9s2 f\nd a means (         
reconciliation /ill2 saw _!  provid5ce1 
:i* _h be5 l[]+ = judgm5t1 op5+ ov] !m 9

  propitiation once m2 ! j _h di$ = !   
unju/1 to br+ !m  to ,god4 ,:at 0 ?is   
delay1--?is susp5sion ( judgm5t1--?is   
opportunity ( return & fai?1--b an      
in/ance ( ! long-suff]+  ( ,god1 ) :i*  
he endures ! vessels ( wra? 7,jews7     
fitt$ to  de/ruction1 & makes kn[n !    
ri*es ( 8 glory on ! vessels (  m]cy1   
:i* he _h a=e prep>$ unto glory8 ,if    
,*ri/ _h n  )drawn a:ile1 if 8 p[] _h   
be5 tak5 up at once1 & wield$ 9  /]n &  
legal ju/ice1 a deluge ( judgm5t mu/ h  
ov]:elm$ !  e>?1 & swept away bo? ,jew &
 ,g5tile1 leav+ b a remnant safe4  ,b 9 
m]cy 0 ! mortal life ( ,jesus turn$ into
 a prelud+  message ( notice & w>n+1 l !
 tid+s :i* ,noah receiv$ (  ! flood2 & z
 ! gr[+ frame ( ! ark gave signal to !  
_w  ( ! com+ calamity1 af=d$ an int]val 
= rep5tance1 & made  ! patri>*1 z he    
built1 a con/ant prea*] ( righte\sness2 
s  ! increas+ body ( ! ,*ur*1 s9ce !    
w>n+ retreat ( ,*ri/  to heav51         
proclaims ! approa*+ day ( ! ,"l1       
admoni%es t  all %\ld come to rep5tance1

 & fly betimes to t fai? &  baptism :i* 
,messiah's dea? & resurrection h left z 
an ark (  safety4 ,once1 9 ! days (     
,noah1 ! long-suff]+ ( ,god wait$  :ile 
! ark 0 prep>+1 :]e9 few1 t is1 eight   
s\ls1 7  sav$ by wat]3 a repres5tation1 
?is1 ( ! way 9 :i* baptism  7n1 ( c\rse1
 c>nal wa%+1 b ! engagem5t ( a good     
consci5ce  ) ,god7 saves u n[1 by !     
resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 :o is  gone
 into heav51 & is on ! "r h& ( ,god2    
angels1 &  au?orities1 & p[]s1 be+ made 
subject to him4 ,yet ! "t is  %ort1 &   
mu/ be r$eem$2 x is ! la/ h\r2 ! ,"l1 ! 
com+ ( ! ,"l1 ! end ( all ?+s1 are at   
h&4    ,i h describ$ "o aspect1 :i* !   
dea? ( ! ,messiah  pres5t$ to ! ,jews2  
&1 9 ?is1 we h f\nd ano!r prim>y        
conception1 explanatory ( ! ,scriptural 
language respect+ !  cross4 ,( ! two    
relations 9 :i* ?is ev5t appe>$ 7!      
,g5tile  & ! ,israeliti%71 ,i believe ! 
=m] to be by f> ! mo/  famili> to ! ,new
 ,te/am5t au?ors1 & to furni% ! true    
int]pretation ( almo/ all _! phraseology

 on ! subject4 ,b1 z  my read]s may h   
notic$1 _m passages receive illu/ration 
by  ref]5ce to ei!r notion2 & "s may h a
 mean+ comp\nd$ (  bo?4 ,i mu/ n pause  
to make any m9ute adju/m5t ( ^! claims1 
on ! "p ( ! two int]pret+ ideas3 x is   
en\gh t1 ei!r  sep>ately or 9 union1 !y 
h n[ be5 tak5 r\nd ! :ole  circle (     
apo/olic language respect+ ! cross1 &   
detect$ 9  e difficult passage ! pres5ce
 ( s5se & tru?1 & !  abs5ce ( all h9t ( 
vic>i\s atonem5t4    ,x 0 on ! unbeliev+
 portion ( ! ,jewi% p t !  dea? ( _!    
,messiah conf]r$ ! national bless+s &   
opportunities to :i* ,i h adv]t$4 ,b to 
! conv]ts :o _h  be5 receiv$ by him dur+
 8 mortal life1 & :o w\ld h be5  heirs (
 8 glory1 _h he assum$ x at once1 x 0   
less easy to  po9t out any p]sonal      
b5efits f ! cross4 ,t ! ,*ri/ _h  retir$
 f ?is _w 0 b a disappo9t+ po/ponem5t ( 
_!  hopes2 t he _h p]i%$ z a felon 0    
%ock+ to _! pride1  & turn$ _! anci5t   
boa/ into a pres5t scorn2 t he _h       
become spiritual & immortal made him no 

long] !irs z conc]n+  ! fle%1 &1 by     
admitt+ ,g5tiles ) !mselves1 set aside  
_! favorite law4 ,s (f5sive to !m 0 ?is 
unexpect$ slight on  ! in/itutions (    
,moses1 immemorially rev]5c$ z !        
ord9ances  ( ,god1 t x became important 
to give "s turn to ! dea? (  ,jesus1 by 
:i* t ev5t might be h>moniz$ ) !        
national  sy/em1 & be %[n to effect !   
abrogation ( ! law1 on  pr9ciples       
/rictly legal4 ,?is 0 ! object ( ! writ]
 ( !  ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews2 :o ?us     
gives u a ?ird idea ( !  relations ( !  
cross1--be>+1 inde$1 an ess5tial        
resemblance to  ,/4 ,paul's ,g5tile     
view1 b illu/rat$ 9 a mann] altoge!r    
diff]5t4 ,no trace is to be obs]v$ "h ( 
,paul's noble glory+ 9  ! cross3 s      
/udi\sly is e allusion to ! crucifixion 
avoid$1  till all ! argum5tative "p ( ! 
,epi/le has be5 complet$1  t a read]    
f9ds ! conclusion already 9 sight1 )\t  
hav+  ga9$ any notion ( ! mode ( ! ,"l's
 dea?1 :e!r ev5 x  0 natural or         
viol5t1--a lit]al human sacrifice1 or a 

volunt>y  self-immolation4 ,its ignom9y 
& its agonies are :olly unm5tion$2  & 8 
mortal infirmities & suff]+s are        
expla9$1 n z !  spontane\s adoptions (  
previ\s compassion 9 him1 b z ,god's    
fitt+ discipl9e = r5d]+ him a m]ciful & 
fai?ful  high-prie/4 ,!y are ref]r$ to 9
 ! tone ( apology1 n (  pride2 z ne$+ r 
to be reconcil$ ) 8 (fice1 ?an to be    
boldly exp\nd$ z its gr& ess5tial4 ,!   
object ( ! au?or  cle>ly is1 to f9d a   
place = ! dea? ( ,jesus among !         
,messianic  functions2 & he p]suades !  
,hebrew ,*ri/ians t x is 7n a           
satisfaction = moral guilt1 b7 a        
commutation = ! ,mosaic ,law4  ,9 ord]  
to und]/& 8 argum5t1 we mu/ adv]t = a   
mom5t to  ! prejudices :i* x 0 design$  
to conciliate & correct4    ,x is n easy
 = u to realize ! feel+s ) :i* !        
,israelite1  9 ! yet palmy days ( !     
,levitical wor%ip1 w\ld he> ( an        
abrogation ( ! ,law2--! ang] & contempt 
) :i* ! m]e bigot  w\ld repudiate !     
sugge/ion2--! t]ror ) :i* ! new conv]t  

w\ld make trial ( 8 fre$om2--! blank &  
infidel feel+ )  :i* he w\ld look r\nd1 
& f9d himself drift$ away f 8  an*orage 
( c]emony2--! s9k+ he>t ) :i* he w\ld   
he> !  reproa*es ( 8 c\ntrym5 aga9/ 8   
apo/asy4 ,e au?oritative  ritual draws  
t[>ds itself an atta*m5t too /rong =    
reason & !  s5se ( "r2 & transf]s !     
feel+ ( obligation f realities  to      
symbols4 ,among ! ,hebrews ?is effect 0 
! m m>k$ & !  m p]nici\s1 because _!    
c]emonies 7 9 _m in/ances only  remotely
 connect$ ) any important tru? or       
excell5t end2 !y 7  sep>at$ by sev]al   
removes f any spiritual utility4 ,rites 
7  enact$ to su/a9 o!r rites2 in/itution
 lay b5ea? in/itution1  ?r\gh s _m      
successive /eps1 t ! cr[n+ pr9ciple at !
  summit easily pass$ out ( sight4 ,to  
keep alive ! gr& tru? ( !  ,div9e       
,unity1 !re 0 a gorge\s temple wor%ip2  
to p]=m ?is  wor%ip !re 0 a prie/hood2  
to support ! prie/hood !re 7  7among o!r
 s\rces ( income7 dues paid 9 ! =m (    
sacrifice2 to  provide aga9/ !          

non-paym5t ( dues !re 7 p5alties2 to    
prev5t  an injuri\s pressure ( ^!       
p5alties1 !re 7 exemptions1 z 9  cases (
 sickness2 & to put a *eck on trivial   
claims ( exemption1 x  mu/ be pur*as$ by
 submission to a fee1 "u "n ( an        
atonem5t4  ,:]ev] su* a sy/em is receiv$
 z div9e1 & bas$ on ! same  au?ority ) !
 great law ( duty1 x w always1 by its   
def9it5ess & precision1 attract att5tion
 f grav] moral  obligations4 ,its       
mat]iality r5d]s x calculable3 its      
acc\nt ) !  consci5ce c be exactly      
asc]ta9$3 z x has little obvi\s utility 
to m51 x appe>s ! m directly paid to    
,god3 x is reg>d$ z !  special means (  
pleas+ him1 ( placat+ 8 ang]1 & pur*as+ 
8 promises4 ,h5ce x may (t5 happ51 t ! m
 ! (f5ces  aga9/ ! _s ( duty1 ! m are   
rites multipli$ 9  propitiation2 & !    
h>ve/ ( c]emonies & t ( crimes rip5     
toge!r4    ,at a /ate n f> f ?is _h !   
,jews arriv$ :5 ,*ri/ianity 0  prea*$4  
,_! moral s5tim5ts 7 s f> p]v]t$1 t !y  
valu$  no?+ 9 !mselves1 9 comp>ison ) _!

 legal exactitude1 &  hat$ all beyond   
!mselves = _! want ( ?is4 ,!y 7 eag]ly  
expect+ ! ,deliv]]'s k+dom1 nurs+ up _! 
ambition = 8  triumphs2 curl+ ! lip1 z !
 la% ( oppression fell ^u !m1 9         
suppress$ anticipation ( v5geance2      
satiat+ a temp]1 at once fi]ce  &       
s]vile1 ) dreams ( ,messiah's com+      
judgm5t1 :5 ! blood (  ! patri>*s %\ld  
be ! title ( ! _w's nobles1 & !  ev]la/+
 reign %\ld beg9 9 ,j]usalem4 ,:y 0 !   
h\r delay$8  !y impati5tly ask$         
!mselves4 ,0 x t !y _h (f5d$  ,jehovah1 
& secretly s9n$ aga9/ "s requirem5t ( 8 
law8 ,&  !n !y set !mselves to a r5ew$  
precision1 a m slavi%  punctili\sness   
?an be=e4 ,ascrib+ _! cont9u$ depression
 to  _! imp]fect legal ob$i5ce1 !y /ra9$
 _! c]emonialism  tight] ?an ev]2 & hop$
 to be soon ju/ifi$ f _! pa/ s9s1  &    
ready = ! mighty pr9ce & ! latt] days4  
,:at1 !n1 mu/ h be5 ! feel+ ( ! ,hebrew1
 :5 told t  all 8 punctualities _h be5  
?r[n away1--t1 at ! adv5t1  fai? 9      
,jesus1 n ob$i5ce to ! law1 0 to be !   

title to  admission1--& t ! r$eem$ at t 
day w\ld be1 n !  scrupul\s ,ph>isee1 ^:
 dead works w\ld be ( no avail1 b all   
:o1 ) ! he>t1 h wor?ily confess$ ! "n ( 
! ,"l  ,jesus8 ,:at doctr9e c\ld be m   
unwelcome to ! haughty ,israelite8  x   
da%$ 8 pride ( ance/ry to ! gr\nd4 ,x   
br\ght to ! same  level ) himself !     
pollut$ ,g5tile1--^: pres5ce w\ld alone 
r5d] all unclean 9 ! ,messiah's k+dom4  
,x prov$ 8 pa/ ritual  anxieties to h   
be5 all wa/$4 ,x ca/ aside = ! future ! 
v5]at$ law2 left x 9 neglect to die2 &  
made all ! app>atus  ( ,provid5ce = its 
ma9t5ance end 9 absolutely no?+4 ,0 !n  
! ,messiah to sup]s$e1 & n to v9dicate1 
! law8 ,h[ diff]5t  ?is f ! picture :i* 
prophets _h drawn ( 8 gold5 age1 :5     
,j]usalem 0 to be ! pride ( ! e>?1 & h] 
temple ! praise  ( nations1 s\ght by !  
feet ( c\ntless pilgrims1 & deck$ )  !  
spl5dor ( _! gifts6 ,h[ c\ld a true     
,hebrew be ju/ifi$ 9 a  life )\t law8   
,h[ ?9k himself safe 9 a pr(ession1 :i* 
0  )\t temple1 )\t prie/1 )\t alt>1 )\t 

victim8    ,n unnaturally1 !n1 did !    
,hebrews reg>d ) reluctance two ( !     
lead+ features ( ,*ri/ianity2 ! dea? ( !
 ,messiah1 & !  fre$om f ! law4 ,!      
,epi/le address$ to !m 0 design$ to     
soo! _! uneas9ess1 & to %[ t1 if !      
,mosaic in/itutions  7 sup]s$$1 x 0 9   
con=mity ) pr9ciples & analogies        
conta9$ )9 !mselves4 ,) great address1 !
 writ] l9ks !  two difficulties toge!r1 
& makes ! "o expla9 ! o!r4 ,he f9ds  a  
ready means ( effect+ ?is1 9 !          
sacrificial ideas famili> to  e ,hebrew2
 = by repres5t+ ! dea? ( ,jesus z a     
commutation  = legal obs]vances1 he is  
only ascrib+ to x an op]ation  ackn[l$g$
 to h place 9 ! dea? ( e lamb sla9 z a  
s9-(f]+ at ! alt>4 ,^! (f]+s 7 a di/9ct 
recognition1  on ! "p ( ! ,levitical    
code1 ( a pr9ciple ( equival5ts =  its  
ord9ances2 a pro( t1 "u c]ta9           
conditions1 !y might  yield3 no?+ m1    
!re=e1 0 necess>y1 ?an to %[ t !  dea? (
 ,*ri/ e/abli%$ ^? conditions4 ,& su* a 
me?od (  argum5t 0 att5d$ by ?is        

advantage1 t1 :ile ! practical end  w\ld
 be obta9$ ( t]m9at+ all c]emonial      
obs]vance1 ! law 0  yet treat$ z 9 !ory 
p]petual2 n z ignom9i\sly abrogat$1  b z
 legitimately commut$4 ,j z !           
,israelite1 9 pay+ 8  (f]+ at ! alt> to 
comp5sate = ritual omissions1 recogniz$ 
!reby ! claims ( ! law1 :ile he obta9$  
impunity = its  neglect2 s1 if          
,provid5ce c\ld be %[n to h provid$ a   
legal  sub/itute = ! sy/em1 its au?ority
 0 ackn[l$g$ at ! mom5t  t its abolition
 0 secur$4    ,let u adv]t1 !n1 to !    
functions ( ! ,mosaic s9-(f]+s1 to  :i* 
! writ] has rec\rse to illu/rate 8 ma9  
position4 ,!y  7 ( ! nature ( a mulct or
 ackn[l$gm5t r5d]$ =  unconsci\s or     
inevitable disreg>d ( c]emonial         
liabilities1 &  contraction ( c]emonial 
uncleanness4 ,su* uncleanness might be  
incurr$ f v>i\s causes2 &1 :ile unremov$
 by ! appo9t$  me?ods ( purification1   
disqualifi$ f att5dance at !  sanctu>y1 
& cut (f ! guilty f among !             
congregation4  ,to t\* a dead body1 to  

ent] a t5t :]e a corpse lay1 r5d]$ a    
p]son unclean = sev5 days2 to come 9    
contact ) a =bidd5  animal1 a bone1 a   
grave1 to be next to any "o /ruck )     
sudd5  dea?1 to be afflict$ ) c]ta9 k9ds
 ( bodily disease &  infirmity1         
unwitt+ly to lay a f+] on a p]son       
unclean1 occasion$  defilem5t1 &        
necessitat$ a purification or an        
atonem5t4  ,indep5d5tly ( ^! (f5ces1    
en=c$ ^u ! ,israelite by !  accid5ts (  
life1 x 0 n easy = ev5 ! mo/ cauti\s    
wor%ipp] to keep pace ) ! complicat$    
s]ies ( petty debts  :i* ! law (        
ord9ances 0 always runn+ up aga9/ him4  
,if 8  (f]+ _h an invisible blemi%2 if  
he omitt$ a ti!1 because he  wi/ x n2 or
 inadv]t5tly fell into arre>1 by a s+le 
day1 )  respect to a kn[n liability2 if 
abs5t f disease1 he 0 compell$  to let 8
 ritual acc\nt accumulate2 ?\gh x be    
hidd5 f him1  he mu/ be guilty1 & be> 8 
iniquity1 & br+ 8 victim4 ,on  ! bir? ( 
a *ild1 ! "m1 aft] ! lapse ( a prescrib$
  p]iod1 made h] pilgrimage to ! temple1

 pres5t$ h] s9-(f]+1  & ! prie/ made    
atonem5t = h]4 ,! poor lep]1 long bani%$
  f ! face ( m51 & unclean by ! nature (
 8 disease1 became  a debtor to !       
sanctu>y1 & on return f 8 t$i\s qu>ant9e
  br\ght 8 lamb ( atonem5t1 & dep>t$    
!nce1 cle> f  neglect$ obligations to 8 
law4 ,x 0 impossible1 h[ev]1 to  provide
 by specific enactm5t = e case ( ritual 
transgression  & impurity1 aris+ f      
inadv]t5ce or necessity4 ,sc>cely c\ld  
x be expect$ t ! c\rts ( wor%ip !mselves
 w\ld escape  defilem5t1 f imp]fections 
9 ! (f]+s1 or unconsci\s                
disqualification 9 p or 9 prie/4 ,to    
cle> (f ! :ole  invisible residue ( su* 
s9s1 an annual day ( atonem5t 0         
appo9t$2 ! p ?rong$ ! av5ues & approa*es
 ( !  tab]nacle2 9 _! pres5ce a kid 0   
sla9 = _! own  transgressions1 & = !    
high-prie/ ! m dignifi$ expiation  ( a  
heif]2 *>g$ ) ! blood ( ea*             
successively1 he spr9kl$  n only !      
ext]ior alt> op5 to ! sky1 b1 pass+     
?r\gh !  fir/ & holy *amb] into ! ,holy 

( ,holies 7nev] ent]$ else71  he t\*$1 )
 f+] dipp$ 9 blood1 ! sacr$ lid 7!      
,m]cy-seat7 & =egr\nd ( ! ,ark4 ,at t   
mom5t1 :ile he yet  l+]s beh9d ! veil1 !
 purification is complete2 on no        
wor%ipp] ( ,israel does any legal       
unhol9ess re/2 & 7 x  possible = !      
high-prie/ to rema9 9 t int]ior retreat 
(  ,jehovah1 /ill protract+ ! expiatory 
act1 s long w\ld ?is  national purity   
cont9ue1 & ! debt ( ord9ances be effac$ 
z x  arose4 ,b he mu/ return2 !         
sanctify+ rite mu/ end2 ! p  be         
dismiss$2 ! prie/s resume ! daily       
m9i/rations2 ! law op5  its /]n acc\nt  
afre%2 & 9 ! mixture ( national         
exactitude  & neglects1 defilem5ts      
multiply aga9 till ! recurr+  anniv]s>y 
lifts (f ! burd5 once m4 ,e ye>1 !n1 !  
necessity comes r\nd ( mak+ atonem5t = !
 holy sanctu>y1  = ! tab]nacle1 = !     
alt>1 = ! prie/s1 & = all  ! p ( !      
congregation4 ,yet1 ?\gh requir+        
p]iodical  r5ewal1 ! rite1 s f> z x w5t1
 _h an efficacy :i* no ,hebrew  c\ld    

d5y2 = c]emonial s9s1 unconsci\s or     
inevitable 7to :i*  all atonem5t 0      
limit$#ai71 x 0 accept$ z an indemnity2 
&  put x beyond d\bt t ,mosaic ob$i5ce 0
 commutable4    ,su* 0 ! sy/em ( ideas1 
by avail+ himself ( :i* ! au?or  ( !    
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews w\ld p]suade 8    
correspond5ts to  =sake _! legal        
obs]vances4 ,y c look )\t uneas9ess1 he 
sugge/s1 on y\r ritual omissions1 :5 !  
blood ( "s victim  has be5 pres5t$      
in/ead1 & ! p5etralia ( y\r sanctu>y h  
be5 spr9kl$ ) ! (f]+3 well1 on no o!r   
t]ms w\ld ,i  soo! y\r anxiety2         
precisely su* equival5t sacrifice does  
,*ri/ianity exhibit1 only ( s peculi> a 
nature1 t1 = all  c]emonial neglects1   
int5tional no less ?an inadv]t5t1 y may 
rely ^u indemnity4 ,! ,jews ent]ta9$ a  
belief respect+ _!  temple1 :i* enabl$ !
 writ] to give a s+ul> =ce &  precision 
to 8 analogy4 ,!y conceiv$ t ! tab]nacle
 ( _!  wor%ip 0 b ! copy ( a div9e      
/ructure1 devis$ by ,god  himself1 made 
by no creat$ h&1 & pres]v$ et]nally 9   

heav53  ?is 0 ! true tab]nacle1 :i* !   
,"l pit*$1 & n man2  :i* no mortal _h   
beheld1 except ,moses 9 ! m\nt1 t he    
might  make all ?+s accord+ to t patt]n2
 )9 ^: ,holy (  ,holies dwelt no emblem 
or emanation ( ,god's pres5ce1 b 8 own  
imm$iate ,_s2 & ! cele/ial furniture (  
:i* requir$1 9  proportion to its       
dignity1 ! purification ( a nobl]       
sacrifice1 &  ! m9i/rations ( a div9]   
prie/1 ?an befitt$ ! worldly  sanctu>y  
bel[4 ,& :o !n c mi/ake ! mean+ (       
,*ri/'s  dep>ture f ?is _w1 or d\bt :at 
(fice he conducts above8 ,he  is call$  
by 8 asc5sion to ! pontificate ( heav52 
consecrat$1  n aft] ! law ( any c>nal   
comm&m5t1 b aft] ! p[] (  an endless    
life2 he drew aside ! veil ( 8          
mortality1 & pass$  into ! inmo/ c\rt ( 
,god3 & z he mu/ ne$s h some:at to  (f]1
 he takes ! only blood he _h ev]        
%$1--:i* 0 8  own1--&1 l ! ,high-,prie/ 
be=e ! ,m]cy-seat1 sanctifies  !re) ! p 
t /& )\t1 r$eem+ !  transgressions :i* !
 fir/ cov5ant ( rites entail$4 ,& he    

has n return$2 /ill is he hid )9 t      
holie/ place2 & /ill  ! multitude he    
s]ves turn ?i!r a sil5t & expectant     
gaze2 he  prolongs ! purification /ill2 
& :ile he appe>s n1 no o!r  rites c be  
resum$1 nor any legal defilem5t be      
contract$4 ,?us1  mean:ile1 ord9ances   
cease _! obligation1 & ! s9 aga9/ !m    
has lo/ its p[]4 ,h[ diff]5t ?is f !    
(f]+s (  ,j]usalem1 ^: temple 0 b !     
symbol & %ad[ ( t  sanctu>y above4 ,9 ! 
,hebrew sacrifices !re 0 a remembrance  
aga9 made ( s9s e ye>2 ! high-prie/     
annually ent]$ !  holy place2 be+ b a   
mortal1 he c\ld n g 9 ) 8 own blood  &  
rema91 b mu/ take t ( o!r creatures &   
return2 &  h5ce x became n possible t ! 
blood ( bulls & ( goats  %\ld take away 
s9s1 = in/antly !y began to accumulate  
aga94 ,b to ! v nature ( ,*ri/'s (f]+ a 
p]petuity (  efficacy belongs2 be>+ no  
o!r ?an 8 own blood1 he 0  immortal :5 8
 m9i/ration began1 & ev] live? to make 8
  int]cession2 he c\ld n (f] himself    
(t51 = !n mu/ he  (t5 h suff]$ s9ce !   

f\ndation ( ! _w1--& x is  appo9t$ unto 
m5 only once to die2 s t once = all he  
ent]$ into ! holy place1 & obta9$ a     
r$emption t is  p]petual2 once 9 ! end (
 ! _w ha? he appe>$1 & by  sacrific+    
himself ha? absolutely put away s92 ?is 
man1 aft]  he _h (f]$ "o sacrifice =    
s9s1 = ev] sat d[n on ! "r  h& ( ,god1 =
 by "o (f]+ he ha? p]fect$ = ev] !m  t  
are sanctifi$4 ,! c]emonial1 !n1 ) its  
p]iodical  transgressions & atonem5ts1  
is susp5d$2 ! s]vices ( ! out]          
tab]nacle cease1 = ! holie/ ( all is    
made manife/2 "o :o is  prie/ = ev]     
dwells !re92--"o consecrat$ = ev]more1  
holy1 h>mless1 undefil$1 9 8 cele/ial   
dwell+ q sep>ate  f s9n]s2 :o ne$e? n   
daily1 z ^? high-prie/s1 to (f]  up     
sacrifice1 fir/ = 8 own s9s1 & !n = !   
p's2 =  ?is he did once = all :5 he (f]$
 up himself4#bj    ,nor is x 9 its      
p]petuity alone t ! efficacy ( !        
,*ri/ian  sacrifice transc5ds !         
atonem5ts ( ! law2 x removes a high]    
ord] ( ritual transgressions4 ,x _c be  

suppos$1 inde$1 t  ,messiah's life is no
 nobl] (f]+ ?an t ( a creature f !  h]d 
or flock1 & w conf] no m immunity4      
,accord+ly1 x goes  beyond ^? s9s (     
ignorance1 ^? c]emonial inadv]t5ces1  = 
:i* alone !re 0 remission 9 ,israel2 &  
rea*es to  volunt>y neglects ( !        
sac]dotal ord9ances2 insur+ indemnity  =
 legal omissions1 :5 incurr$ n simply by
 ! accid5ts ( !  fle%1 b ev5 by int5tion
 ( ! consci5ce4 ,?is is no great]  boon 
?an ! dignity ( ! sacrifice requires2 & 
does b give to  8 p bel[ t liv+ relation
 ( s\l to ,god :i* he himself  su/a9s   
above4 ,if ! blood ( bulls & ( goats 444
 sanctifie? to  ! purify+ ( ! fle%1 h[  
mu* m %all ! blood ( ,*ri/1  :o ?r\gh ! 
et]nal ,_s (f]$ himself )\t spot to     
,god1  purify 7ev57 y\r consci5ce f dead
 works 7ritual obs]vances7 to  s]ve !   
liv+ ,god6 ,let !n ! ord9ances g1 & !   
,"l put  8 laws into ! m9d1 & write !m 9
 ! he>t2 & let all  h boldness to ent]  
into ! holie/ by ! blood ( ,jesus1 by   
?is new & liv+ way :i* he ha? consecrat$

 = u2 provok+  ea* o!r to love & to good
 works4    ,see1 !n1 9 brief1 !         
objection ( ! ,hebrews to ! ,gospel2 & !
  reply ( _! in/ructor4 ,!y said3 ,:at a
 blank is ?is2 y h no  temple1 no prie/1
 no ritual6 ,h[ is x t1 9 8 anci5t      
cov5ant1  ,god is s /rict ab\t c]emonial
 s]vice1 & p]mits no neglect1  h[ev]    
incid5tal1 )\t atonem5t2 yet 9 ?is new  
economy ?r[s  ! :ole sy/em away1 lett+ u
 run up an ev]la/+ debt to a law        
confess$ly unrepeal$1 )\t r$emption ( x 
or atonem5t = x8    ,n )\t r$emption &  
atonem5t1 replies _! evangelical  tea*]2
 temple1 sacrifice1 prie/1 rema9 to u   
also1 only glorifi$  into proportions   
wor?y ( a heav5ly disp5sation2 our      
temple1 9 !  skies2 our sacrifice1      
,messiah's mortal p]son2 our prie/1 8   
ev]-liv+ _s4 ,h[ poor ! efficacy ( y\r  
=m] (f]+s6  ye> aft] ye>1 y\r ritual    
debt began aga93 = ! blood dri$ &       
vani%$ f ! tab]nacle :i* x purifi$2 !   
prie/ return$  f ! inn] %r9e2 & :5 !re1 
he /ood1 ) ! int]c$+  blood1 be=e !     

emblem1 n ! reality1 ( ,god4 ,b ,*ri/1 n
 at  ! end ( a ye>1 b at ! end ( ! great
 _w-era ( ! ,"l1  has come to (f] up    
himself1--no lamb s unblemi%$ z he2 8   
volunt>y & immortal _s1 ?an :i* 0 no?+  
ev] m  div9ely consecrate1 becomes      
(ficiat+ prie/1 & /rikes 8 own  p]son ) 
immolat+ bl[2 x falls & ble$s on e>?1 z 
on !  out] alt>1 /&+ on ! ?re%old ( !   
sanctu>y ( heav53  ?i!r he asc5ds ) !   
memorials ( 8 dea?1 vani%es into !      
,holy ( ,holies ( ! skies1 pres5ts      
himself be=e ! v liv+  ,god1 &          
sanctifies ! temple !re & wor%ipp]s "h2 
say+ to  u1 ',drop n[ = ev] ! legal     
burd5s t weigh y d[n2 d\bt  n t y are   
free1 z my glorifi$ _s "h1 f !          
defilem5ts y are wont to dread2 ,i /ay  
beh9d ?is veil ( visible  ?+s1 to cle> y
 ( all su* ta9t1 & put away su* s9      
et]nally4 ,tru/1 !n1 9 me1 & take up !  
fre$om ( y\r s\ls3  bur/ ! dead works1 t
 cl+ r\nd y\r consci5ce l c]em5ts  ( !  
grave2 & rise to me1 by ! liv+ p[] (    
duty1 & a  lov+ allegiance to ,god4'    

,s f>1 !n1 z ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is treat$ 9 
,scripture  dogmatically1 r ?an         
hi/orically1 its effects are view$ 9    
contra/ ) ! diff]5t ord] ( ?+s :i* mu/ h
 be5  expect$1 _h he1 z ,messiah1 n di$4
 ,& ?us reg>d$1 x  pres5t$ itself to !  
m9ds ( ! ,apo/les 9 ?ree relations3--   
,fir/1 to ! ,g5tiles1 :om x drew 9 to be
 subjects ( ! ,messiah1  by break+ d[n !
 b>ri]s ( 8 ,hebrew p]sonality1 &  r5d]+
 him spiritual z well z immortal4       
,secondly1 to ! unbeliev+ ,jews2 :om 8  
retirem5t f ?is _w  deliv]$ f ! judgm5t 
due to !m1 on ! pr9ciples ( _! own  law1
 bo? = _! g5]al violation ( ! conditions
 ( _!  cov5ant1 & = _! positive         
rejection ( him4 ,8 abs5ce reop5$  _!   
opportunities2 & to t5d] !m ?is act (   
long-suff]+1 he  took on himself ! dea? 
:i* _h be5 incurr$ by !m4    ,?irdly1 to
 ! believ+ ,jews2 ! t]ms ( ^:           
disciple%ip !  ,messiah's dea? _h *ang$1
 de/roy+ all ! b5efits ( _!  l9eage1 &  
sub/itut+ an act ( ! m9d1 ! simpl] claim
 (  fai?4 ,x 0 !re=e a commutation = !  

,ritual ,law1 & gave  !m impunity &     
atonem5t = all its violations4    ,) !  
la/ two ( ^! relations1 beyond _!       
rem>kable  hi/orical int]e/1 we h no    
p]sonal conc]n4 ,! fir/ rema9s1  & ev] w
 rema91 wor?y ( ! glori\s joy ) :i*     
,paul  reg>d$ & exp\nd$ x4 ,god has     
committ$ ! rule ( ?is _w to  no         
exclusive pr9ce1 & no sac]dotal p[]1 &  
no e>?ly maje/y2  b to "o ^: _s1 too    
div9e to be limit$ to place & "t1  broke
 ?r\gh cl\ds ( sorr[ into ! cle>e/      
heav52 & ?i!r  has s9ce be5 draw+ our   
human love1 ?\gh = ages n[ he has be5   
unse5 & immortal4 ,an imp>tial ,god1 a  
holy & spiritual law1 an  inf9ite hope =
 all m51 are giv5 to u by t g5]\s cross4
    ,x is evid5t t all ?ree ( !         
relations :i* ,i h describ$  belong$ to 
! dea? ( ,jesus1 9 8 capacity (         
,messiah2 & c\ld  h _h no exi/5ce if he 
_h n borne ?is "*1 b _h be5  simply a   
private m>tyr to 8 convictions4 ,! =ego+
 exposition  gives a direct answ] to !  
inquiry1 press$ )\t ! slighte/  p]t95ce 

^u ! ,unit>ian1 :y ! phraseology ( !    
cross is nev]  f\nd appli$ to ,paul or  
,pet]1 or any o!r noble confessor1 :o   
di$  9 atte/ation ( ! tru?2 :y no record
 is giv5 t we are  ju/ifi$ by ! blood ( 
,/eph52 or t he b>e our s9s 9 8 own     
body1 & made reconciliation = u4#bb ,i  
"k n :y su* a  "q %\ld be submitt$ to u2
 we h assur$ly no conc]n )  x2 hav+ nev]
 dreamt t ! ,apo/les c\ld h writt5 z !y 
did  respect+ ! dea? on ,calv>y1 if !y  
_h ?\ght ( x only z a  sc5e ( m>tyrdom4 
,we h pass$ "u review ! :ole language ( 
! ,new ,te/am5t on ?is subject2 & 9 !   
int]pretation ( x h  n ev5 once _h      
rec\rse to ?is1 :i* is said to be our   
only view  ( ! cross4 ,we h se5 !       
,apo/les ju/ly ann\nc+ _! ,"l's  dea? z 
a prop] propitiation2 because x plac$   
:ole classes (  m51 )\t any m]itori\s   
*ange 9 _! "*1 9 sav+  relations3 decl>+
 x a /rict sub/itute = o!rs' puni%m5t2  
on  ! gr\nd t !re 7 ^? :o mu/ h p]i%$1  
if he _h n2  & t he di$ & retir$1 t !y  
might rema9 & live3  describ+ x z a     

sacrifice :i* put away s92 because x did
 t  = ev]1 :i* ! ,levitical atonem5ts   
a*iev$ = a day3 b we h  n f\nd !m ev]   
appeal+ to x ei!r z a satisfaction to ! 
ju/ice ( ,god1 or an example ( m>tyrdom 
to m54 ,! ,tr9it>ians h  "o idea ( ?is  
ev5t !mselves2 & _! fancy provides _!   
oppon5ts ) "o idea ( x2 ( ! =m] n a     
trace exi/s1 on any  page ( ,scripture2 
& ( ! latt] ! ,unit>ian ne$ n avail     
himself at all1 9 expla9+ ! language    
:]e( x is said to be 8  solit>y key4    
,n[h]e1 !n1 9 ,scripture d we meet )    
any?+ correspond+  ) ! prevail+ notions 
( vic>i\s r$emption2 ev]y:]e1 &  mo/    
emphatically 9 ! p]sonal in/ructions (  
our ,"l1 d we f9d  a doctr9e ( =giv5ess1
 & an idea ( salvation1 utt]ly          
inconsi/5t ) x4 ,he spake (t5 ( !       
unqualifi$ clem5cy (  ,god to 8 return+ 
*ildr52 nev] once ( ! satisfaction dem&$
  by 8 ju/ice4 ,he spake ( ! joy 9 heav5
 ov] "o s9n] t  rep5te?2 b 0 sil5t on ! 
sacrificial fai?1 )\t :i*  p5it5ce is   
said to be unavail+4 ,nor did he1 l 8   

mod]n  disciples1 tea* t !re are two    
sep>ate salvations1 :i* mu/  foll[ ea*  
o!r 9 a fix$ ord]3 fir/1 r$emption f !  
p5alty1 secondly1 f ! _s1 ( s92 p>don = 
! pa/1  be=e sanctification 9 ! pres5t2 
a removal ( ! h9d]ance 9  ,god1 previ\s 
to its annihilation 9 ourselves4 ,if    
inde$ !re 7  9 ,*ri/ianity two          
deliv]ances1 discrim9at$ & successive1 x
  w\ld be m 9 accordance ) its _s to    
inv]t ?is ord]2--to  recall f ali5ation 
fir/1 & ann\nce =giv5ess aft]w>ds2 to   
re/ore f guilt1 be=e cancell+ ! p5alty2 
& p]mit !  heal+ to anticipate ! p>don+ 
love4 ,at lea/1 !re w\ld  seem1 9 su*   
arrangem5t1 to be a great] jeal\sy = !  
hol9ess  ( ! div9e law1 a sev]]         
res]vation ( ,god's complac5cy =  ^? :o 
h brok5 f ! s]vice ( s91 ?an 9 ! sy/em  
:i* proclaims impunity to ! rebel w1 ere
 yet its e/rangem5t  is r5\nc$4 ,if !   
outw>d remission prec$es ! inw>d        
sanctification1 !n does ,god admit to   
favor ! yet unsanctifi$2  guilt keeps u 
9 no exile f him3 & ?\gh ! ,holy ,_s is 

to  foll[ aft]w>ds1 x becomes ! peculi> 
(fice ( ! cross to lift  u z we are1 ) e
 /a9 ^u ! s\l & e vile habit  unretrac$1
 f ! br9k ( p]dition to ! assurance (   
glory3 !  div9e lot is giv5 to u1 be=e !
 div9e love is awak5$ 9 u2  & ! heirs ( 
heav5 h yet to become ! *ildr5 (        
hol9ess4  ,) :at consi/5cy c ! advocates
 ( su* an economy accuse its  oppon5ts (
 deal+ lightly ) s91 ( delud+ m5 into a 
false  tru/1 & adm9i/]+ s$uctive        
flatt]ies to human nature8#bc  ,:at6    
%all we1 :o plant 9 e s\l ( s9 a hell1  
:5ce no  =eign =ce1 no ext]nal ,god1 c  
pluck u1 any m ?an !y c  te> u f our    
id5tity1--we1 :o hide ! fires ( torm5t 9
 no  viewless gulf1 b make !m ubiquit\s 
z guilt1--we1 :o suff] no  outw>d ag5t f
 ,ed51 or ! ,abyss1 or ,calv>y1 to      
encroa* ^u  ! solitude ( man's          
responsibility1 & confuse ! simplicity (
  consci5ce1--we1 :o tea* t ,god w n1 & 
ev5 _c1 sp>e  ! fr[>d1 till !y be fr[>d 
no m1 b mu/ p]mit ! burn+  la% to fall1 
till !y cry al\d = m]cy1 & ?r[ !mselves 

freely into 8 embrace2--%all we be      
rebuk$ = a lax adm9i/ration  ( peace1 by
 ^? :o ?9k t a mom5t may turn ! ali5    
into !  elect8 ,x is no flatt]y ( our   
nature1 to rev]5ce deeply its moral     
capacities3 we only disc]n 9 !m ! m     
solemn tru/1 & see 9  _! abuse ! f\l]   
%ame4 ,& x is n ( :at m5 are1 b (  :at  
!y might be1 t we enc\rage noble &      
*e]ful ?\ghts4  ,d\btless1 we ?9k       
exagg]ation possible 7:i* our oppon5ts  
app>5tly d n7 ev5 9 ! portraiture ( _!  
actual "*3  & p]haps we are n ! less    
likely to awak5 true convictions (  s91 
t we /rive to speak ( x ) ! voice (     
discrim9ative  ju/ice1 in/ead ( !       
monoton\s ?und]s ( v5geance2 & to draw  
its image 9 ! natural t9ts provid$ by ! 
consci5ce1 r ?an  9 ! pret]natural      
flame-color m+l$ 9 ! crucibles ( hell4  
,9 mak+ p5al r$emption & moral r$emption
 sep>ate &  successive1 ! vic>i\s s*eme1
 we submit1 is inconsi/5t ) !  ,*ri/ian 
idea ( salvation4 ,n t we take ! second1
 & reject  ! fir/1 z our ,tr9it>ian     

fri5ds imag9e2 nor t we inv]t  _! ord]4 
,we accept !m bo?2 putt+ !m1 h[ev]1 n 9 
succession1 b 9 sup]-position1 s t !y   
coalesce4 ,! p[]  & ! puni%m5t ( s9 p]i%
 toge!r2 & toge!r beg9 !  hol9ess & !   
bliss ( heav54 ,:atev] extracts ! poison
 cools  ! /+3 nor c ! div9e vigor (     
spiritual heal? ent]1 )\t  its fre$om & 
its joy4 ,t !re c be any sep>ate deal+s 
)  our pa/ guilt & ) our pres5t "*1 is n
 a tru? ( ,god1  b a fiction ( ! s*ools4
 ,! sanctification ( ! "o is !          
r$emption ( ! o!r4 ,! m9d giv5 up to    
passion1 or *a9$ to  self1 or anyh[     
ali5at$ f ! love & life div9e1 dwells1  
:atev] be its fai?1 9 ! d>k & t]rible   
abyss2 :ile he1 &  he only1 t1 9 !      
fre$om & tranquillity ( great           
affections1  communes ) ,god & toils =  
m51 und]/&s ! mean+1 & w9s  ! promises1 
( heav54 ,am ,i ask$3 ,:at1 !n1 is to   
p]suade !  s9ful he>t ?us to draw ne> to
 ,god2--:at1 b a proclamation (         
absolute p>don1 c break d[n ! secret    
di/ru/1 :i* keeps our  nature back1     

wrapp$ 9 ! res]ve ( consci\s guilt8 ,i  
reply2  h[ev] mu* ^! fe>s & hesitations 
might cl+ r\nd u1 &  re/ra9 u f ! my/ic 
,deity ( ,nature1 !y c h no place 9  our
 int]c\rse ) ! ,fa!r :om ,jesus         
repres5ts4 ,x ne$s only  t ,*ri/ be     
truly 8 image1 to "k t ! h9d]ance is n  
) him1 b entirely 9 ourselves2#bd to see
 t !re is no  ang] 9 8 look2 to feel t  
he invites u to unres]v$  confession1 & 
accepts our self-ab&onm5t to him1--t he 
lifts  ! rep5tant1 pro/rate at 8 feet1 &
 speaks ! words ( sev]e1  b true/ hope4 
,am ,i told1 t only ! gratitude excit$  
by  p]sonal rescue f trem5d\s dang]1 by 
an unconditional & entire  deliv]ance1  
is capable ( w9n+ our reluctant nature1 
( op5+  ! s\l to ! access ( ! ,div9e    
,_s1 & br++ x to !  s]vice ( ! ,ev]la/+ 
,w8 ,i rejoice to ackn[l$ge1 t  "s su*  
dis9t]e/$ p[] mu/ be awak5$1 "s mighty  
=ces  ( ! he>t be call$ out1 ere !      
reg5]ation c take place t  r5d]s u      
*ildr5 ( ! ,highe/2 ere we c break1 )   
true new  bir?1 f ! %ell ( self1 & try &

 tra9 our w+s 9 !  atmosph]e ( ,god4 ,! 
p]man5t "w ( duty mu/ be wr\ght by !    
affections2 n by ! con/ra9t1 h[ev]      
solemn1 ( hope & fe>2  no               
self-p]fectionat+ process1 elaborat$ by 
an anxi\s w1 has  w>m? en\gh to rip5 !  
s\l's div9] fruits2 ! walks ( outw>d    
morality1 & ! slopes ( delib]ate        
m$itation1 x may keep smoo?  & trim2 b  
_c make ! true life-blossoms set1 z 9 a 
g>d5  ( ! ,"l1 & ! foliage wave z ) !   
voice ( ,god among !  trees4 ,i gladly  
admit t1 to a believ] 9 ! vic>i\s       
sacrifice1  ! s5se ( p>don1 ! love ( !  
,great ,deliv]]1 may well fulfil  ?is   
bless$ (fice1 ( c>ry+ him out ( himself 
9 g5u9e  allegiance to a be+ mo/ b5ign &
 holy4 ,& p]ceiv+ t1 if  ?is doctr9e 7  
remov$1 !re is n1 9 ! sy/em ( :i* x  =ms
 a "p1 & :i* else w\ld be all t]ror1    
any?+ t c\ld  p]=m ! same g5]\s "p1 ,i c
 und]/& :y x seems to its  advocates an 
ess5tial p[] 9 ! r5ovation ( ! "*4 ,b   
great z x may be1 )9 ! limits ( its own 
n>r[ s*eme1 ideas  possess$ ( high]     

moral efficacy are n want+1 :5 we pass  
into  a region ( nobl] & m ,*ri/ian     
?\ght4 ,%all we say t !  view ( !       
,inf9ite ,rul]1 giv5 9 ! spok5 wisdom or
 ! liv+  _s ( ,*ri/1 has no sanctify+   
p[]8 ,yet :]e is !re any  trace 9 x ( ! 
satisfactioni/'s r$emption8 ,:5 we sit  
at  ,messiah's feet1 t trans=m+         
gratitude = an ext+ui%$  p5alty1 on :i* 
! prevail+ !ology insi/s1 z its c5tral  
emotion1 becomes replac$ by a simil> &  
pr(\nd] s5tim5t  t[>ds ! ,et]nal ,fa!r4 
,if to rescue m5 f a dreadful fate 9  ! 
future be a j title to our rev]5ce1 nev]
 to h design$  t fate claims an         
affection yet m devot$2 if !re be a     
div9e  m]cy 9 annihilat+ an awful curse1
 9 %$d+ only bless+ !re  is surely a    
div9] /ill4 ,%all ! love re/or$ to u    
aft] long  delay1 & 9 consid]ation ( an 
equival5t1 "w mightily on !  he>t1--&   
%all t :i* ask$ no pur*ase1 :i* has be5 
veil$  by no cl\d1 :i* has enfold$ u    
always 9 its tranquillity1 nor c  ev]   
quit ! s\l op5$ to receive x1 fail to   

p5etrate !  consci5ce1 & dissolve !     
fro/s ( our self-love by "s holi]       
flame8 ,nev] %all x be f\nd true1 t ,god
 mu/ ?reat5 u )  v5geance1 ere we c feel
 ! %elt] ( 8 grace6    ,9 tru?1 !       
,*ri/ian idea ( salvation _c be bett]   
illu/rat$1 ?an by ! d\bt :i* has be5    
ent]ta9$ respect+  ! prop] translation (
 my text4 ,"s1 ref]r+ x to spiritual    
r$emption1 adh]e to ! common v]sion2    
o!rs1 see+ t !  ,apo/le ,pet] is expla9+
 by :at p[] or by :at "n he _h  cur$ !  
lame man at ! temple gate1 ref] ! words 
to ?is miracle  ( deliv]ance1 & r5d] !m 
?us3 ,nei!r is !re heal+ 9  any o!r2 =  
!re is none o!r "n "u heav5 giv5 among  
m51  :]eby we c be heal$4 ,x matt]s     
little :i* x is2 =  :e!r we speak ( body
 or ( m9d1 ,jesus saves u by mak+ u     
:ole2 by putt+ =? ^u u a div9e & heal+  
p[]1 by :i*  pa/ suff]+ & pres5t        
decrepitude disappe> toge!r2 :i*        
supplies ! defective elem5ts ( our      
nature1 cools ! burn+ (  inw>d fev]1 or 
calls into be+ new s5ses & p]ceptions1  

op5+  a div9] univ]se to our exp]i5ce4  
,! de=m$ & crook$ w1  b[$ by ,satan1 lo6
 ^! _m ye>s1 & n[ise able to lift up    
itself1 he loos5s & makes /raight 9     
uprightness4 ,! moral  p>alytic1        
collaps$ & pro/rate amid ! /ir ( life1 &
  incapably gaz+ on ! mov+ wat]s 9 :i*  
o!rs f9d _!  heal?1 has (t5 />t$ up at !
 summons ( t voice1 ?\gh  p]*ance he wi/
 n :o x 02 &1 go+ 8 way1 has f\nd x  to 
be ! sabba?1 & own$ ! "w ( "o :o is 9 ! 
_s  ( ! ,fa!r4 ,f ! eye long d>k & bl9d 
to duty & to ,god1  he has caus$ ! film 
to pass away2 & %[n ! solemn look ( life
  b5ea? a heav5 s tranquil & sublime4   
,ev5 ! dead ( s\l1 close  wrapp$ 9      
b&ages ( selfi%ness1--t gre$ie/ (       
graves1--h  be5 quick5$ by 8 pi]c+ call1
 & h come =?1 to le>n1  :5 ris51 t only 
9 ! meekness t c obey is !re !  p[] to  
comm&1 only 9 ! love t s]ves is !re !   
life (  he>t-felt lib]ty4 ,to call1 !n1 
on ! "n & tru/ 9 ! _s  ( ,*ri/1 is to   
invoke ! re/or+ p[] ( ,god2 to give     
symmetry  & spe$ to our lame affections1

 & ! vigor ( an a?lete to our  limp+    
wills4 ,!re is n any ,*ri/ian salvation 
t is n ?us  id5tical ) ,*ri/ian         
p]fection3 nor any o!r "n "u  heav5 giv5
 among m51 :]eby we may be 7?us7 made   
:ole4 ,let  all t w\ld be p]fect be ?us 
m9d$2 seek ! measure ( !  /ature ( !    
fulness ( ,*ri/2 & !y %all f9d 9 him a  
p[]  to become ! sons ( ,god4           
,,footnotes3    #ac ,see ,rev4 ,,ii4    
,m',neile's ,lecture1 ,! ,prop] ,deity (
 our ,"l !  only ,gr\nd ( ,consi/5cy 9 !
 ,"w ( ,r$emption1 pp4 #cci1 #cdj4      
#ad ,ei!r he 7! ,deity ( ! ,unit>ians7  
mu/ %[ no m]cy1  9 ord] to cont9ue true2
 or he mu/ %[ no tru?1 9 ord] to        
ex]cise m]cy4 ,if he ov]look man's      
guilt1 admit him to !  enjoym5t ( 8     
favor1 & proce$ by corrective discipl9e 
to  re/ore 8 "*1 he unsettles !         
f\ndations ( all equitable  gov]nm5t1   
oblit]ates ! ev]la/+ di/9ctions betwe5  
"r &  wrong1 spreads con/]nation 9      
heav51 & proclaims impunity 9  hell4    
,su* a ,god w\ld n be wor? s]v+4 ,su*   

t5d]ness1  in/ead ( inspir+ filial      
affection1 w\ld lead only to reckless   
contempt4--,mr4 ,m',neile's ,lecture1 p4
 #cac4    ,surely ?is is a description1 
n ( ! ,unit>ian1 b ( !  ,lectur]'s own  
cre$4 ,x c]ta9ly is no "p ( 8 oppon5ts' 
belief1 t ,god fir/ admits ! guilty to 8
 favor1 & !n  proce$s to re/ore 8 "*4   
,?is arrangem5t1 by :i*  p>don prec$es  
moral re/oration1 is t feature 9 !      
,or?odox  !ory ( ! ,div9e deal+s aga9/  
:i* ,unit>ians prote/1 &  :i* ,mr4      
,m',neile himself insi/s ^u z ess5tial  
?r\gh\t 8  ,lecture4 ,we ?9k1 he says1 t
 be=e man c be introduc$ to  ! only true
 process ( improvem5t1 he mu/ fir/ h    
=giv5ess  ( 8 guilt4 ,:at is ?is fir/   
/ep1 ( p>don1 b an  ov]look+ ( man's    
guilt2 & :at is ! second1 (             
sanctification1 b a re/or+ ( "*2 :e!r we
 say by  corrective discipl9e1 or !     
influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1  matt]s n4 ,is x
 said t ! guilt is n ov]look$1 if ,*ri/ 
endur$ its p5alty8 ,i ask1 aga91 :e!r   
ju/ice reg>ds only !  infliction (      

suff]+1 or its quantity1 )\t c>+ ab\t   
its  direction8 ,0 x impossible = ! /]n 
righte\sness ( ,god  freely to =give !  
p5it5t8 ,& h[ 0 ! inju/ice (  lib]at+ ! 
guilty m5d$ by ! torm5ts ( ! innoc5t8   
,"h is  ! v]dict aga9/ s93 ,! s\l t     
s9ne?1 x %all die4 ,&  h[ is ?is v]dict 
execut$8 ,! s\l t _h s9n$ does n die2  &
 "o t knew no s9 dies in/ead4 ,& ?is is 
call$ a div9e  union ( tru? & m]cy2 be+ 
! mo/ precise negation ( bo?1  ( :i* any
 conception c be =m$4 ,fir/1 to hang !  
de/9ies (  all mank9d ^u a solit>y      
volition ( _! fir/ p>5ts1 & !n  let     
loose a diabolic p[] on t volition to   
break x d[n2 to  vitiate ! human        
con/itution 9 puni%m5t = ! fall1 & yet  
cont9ue to dem& ob$i5ce to ! orig9al &  
p]fect moral law2 to  ass]t ! absolute  
inflexibility ( t holy law1 yet all !   
:ile  h 9 view = ! (f5d]s a me?od (     
escape1 :i* violates  e "o ( its        
provisions1 & makes x all a solemn      
pret5ce2 to  =give t :i* is 9 itself    
unp>donable1 on condition ( !  suicide (

 a ,god1 is to %ock & conf\nd all       
notions ( rectitude1  )\t af=d+ ev5 !   
sublimity ( a savage gr&eur4 ,?is w  be 
call$ blasphemy2 & x is s2 b ! blasphemy
 is n 9 !  words1 b 9 ! ?+4             
,unit>ians are falsely accus$ (         
repres5t+ ,god z ov]look+  man's guilt4 
,!y hold1 t no guilt is ov]look$ till x 
is  eradicat$ f ! s\l2 & t p>don proce$s
 p>i passu )  sanctification4    #ae    
,mr4 ,buddicom has ! foll[+ note1       
intimat+ 8 approbation  ( ?is r5d]+3 ,"s
 ( ! be/ comm5tators h connect$     1 n 
)   1 b )  &1  accord+ly1 ,bi%op ,bull  
r5d]s ! passage1 ',quem proposuit ,deus 
placam5tum 9 sangu9e suo p]             
fidem4'--,lecture on ,atonem5t1 p4      
#dif4    #af ,john i4 #bi4 ,= an example
 ( ! use ( ! ^w _w to  d5ote ! ,g5tiles1
 see ,rom4 xi4 #ab-ae2 :]e ,/4 ,paul1   
speak+ (  ! rejection ( ! ,messiah by ! 
,jews1 decl>es t x is only  tempor>y2 & 
z x has giv5 occasion = ! adoption ( !  
,g5tiles1 s w ?is lead1 by ultimate     
reaction1 to ! readmission  ( ,israel2 a

 consummation 9 :i* ! ,g5tiles %\ld     
rejoice )\t  boa/+ or high-m9d$ness4    
,if1 he says1 ! fall ( !m 7!            
,israelites7 be ! ri*es ( ! _w 7!       
,g5tiles71 & !  dim9i%+ ( !m ! ri*es ( !
 ,g5tiles1 h[ mu* m _!  fulness6 ,= ,i  
speak to y ,g5tiles1 inasmu* z ,i am !  
,apo/le (  ! ,g5tiles1 ,i magnify my    
(fice2 if1 by any means1 ,i may provoke 
to  emulation !m :i* are my fle% 7!     
,jews71 & save "s ( !m2  = if ! ca/+    
away ( !m be ! reconcil+ ( ! _w1  :at   
%all ! receiv+ ( !m be b life f ! dead8 
#ag ,acts xx4 #bh4 ,x is h>dly necess>y 
to say1 t ! read+ (  our common v]sion1 
*ur* ( ,god1 wants ! support ( ! be/    
au?orities2 & t1 ) ! g5]al cons5t ( !   
mo/ compet5t  critics1 ,griesba* reads  
*ur* ( ! ,"l4    #ah ,gal4 iii4 #ac4    
,ev5 "h ! ,apo/le _c refra9 f adv]t+  to
 8 ,g5tile int]pretation ( ! cross2 = he
 adds1--t !  bless+ ( ,abraham might    
come on ! ,g5tiles1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4 
#ai ,9 ?ree or f\r in/ances1 x is true1 
a s9-(f]+ is  dem&$ f ! p]petrator ( "s 

act ( moral wrong4 ,b 9 all  ^! cases a 
suitable puni%m5t 0 orda9$ also2 a      
circum/ance  inconsi/5t ) ! idea1 t !   
expiation procur$ remission (  guilt4 ,!
 sacrifice app5d$ to ! p5al infliction  
indicates  ! tw(old "* ( ! act1--at once
 a c]emonial defilem5t  & a crime2 &    
requir+1 to rem$y ! "o1 an aton+        
rite1--to  *a/ise ! o!r1 a judicial     
p5alty4 ,see an excell5t tract by ,rev4 
,edw>d ,higg9son1 ( ,hull1 entitl$1 ,!  
,sacrifice ( ,*ri/  scripturally &      
rationally int]pret$1 p>ticul>ly pp4    
#cj-cd4    #bj ,heb4 vii4 #bg4 ,let !   
read] look c>efully aga9 into ! v]bal  &
 logical /ructure ( ?is v]se2 & !n ask  
himself :e!r x  is n z pla9 z words c   
make x1 t ,*ri/ once = all  (f]$ up a   
sacrifice fir/ = ,,8 ,,own ,,s9s1 & !n =
 !  p's4 ,! argum5t surely is ?is3 ,he  
ne$ n d ! daily  ?+1 = he has done x    
once = all2 ! nev]-f9i%$ "w (  o!r      
pontiffs1 a s+le act ( 8 a*iev$4 ,!     
s5tim5t loses its  mean+1 unless t :i*  
he did once is ! selfsame ?+ :i*  !y did

 always3 & :at 0 t8--! (f]+ by !        
high-prie/  ( a sacrifice fir/ = 8 own  
s9s1 & !n = ! p's4 ,)  :at propriety1   
!n1 c ,mr4 ,buddicom ask u ?is "q3 ,:y  
is  he said to h excell$ ! ,jewi%       
high-prie/ 9 n (f]+ a  sacrifice =      
himself8 ,i submit1 t no su* ?+ is said2
 b  t1 on ! contr>y1 x is positively    
affirm$ t ,*ri/ did  (f] sacrifice = 8  
own s9s4 ,s pla9 inde$ is ?is1 t        
,tr9it>ian comm5tators are =c$ to slip 9
 a re/ra9+ ^w &  an additional s5tim5t  
into ! la/ clause ( ! v]se4 ,?us        
,pi]ce3 ,:o has no ne$1 l ! prie/s "u ! 
law1 f "t to  "t to (f] up sacrifice    
fir/ = 8 own s9s1 & aft] t =  ! p's4 ,= 
?is latt] he did once = all :5 he (f]$  
up  himself2 & z to ! =m]1 he _h no     
occasion to d x at all4  ,& no d\bt !   
writ] ( ! ,epi/le ought to h said j ?is1
  if he int5d$ to draw ! k9d ( contra/  
:i* or?odox !ology  requires1 betwe5    
,jesus & ! ,hebrew prie/s4 ,he limits ! 
opposition betwe5 !m to "o p>ticul>2--! 
,son ( ,a>on made  (f]+ daily1--! ,son (

 ,god once = all4 ,div9es mu/ add  ano!r
 p>ticul>2--t ! ,jewi% prie/ aton$ = two
 classes  ( s9s1 8 own & ! p's1--,*ri/ =
 ! p's only4  ,suppose = a mom5t t ?is 0
 ! au?or's design2 t ! ^w  ?is1 in/ead (
 hav+ its prop] grammatical antec$5t1   
may be  re/ra9$1 z 9 ! comm5t>y cit$    
above1 to ! sacrifice =  ! p's s9s2 !n !
 ^w daily may be left out1 )\t          
di/urbance to ! o!r sub/antive p>ticul> 
( ! contra/3 !  v]se w !n /& ?us3 ,:o   
ne$e? n1 z ^? high-prie/s1  to (f] up   
sacrifice = 8 own s9s2 = he (f]$ up     
sacrifice  = ! p's s9s1 :5 he (f]$ up   
himself4 ,"h1 all !  reason+ is obvi\sly
 gone1 & ! s5t5ce becomes a m]e inanity3
  to make s5se1 we want1 in/ead ( !     
latt] clause1 ! s5tim5t (  ,pi]ce1--= he
 _h no occasion to d ?is at all4 ,?is1  
h[ev]1  is an inv5tion ( ! expositor1 m 
jeal\s = 8 au?or's  or?odoxy ?an = 8    
composition4 ,i ?9k x necess>y to add1  
t1  by leav+ out ! mo/ emphatic ^w 9 ?is
 v]se 7! ^w once7  ,mr4 ,buddicom has   
suppress$ ! au?or's anti!sis1 & favor$ !

  sugge/ion ( 8 own4 ,i h no d\bt t ?is 
0 unconsci\sly  done2 b x %[s h[ sy/em  
rubs (f ! angles ( ,scriptural          
difficulties4--,i subjo9 a "p ( ! note (
 ,john ,crell on !  passage3 ,de        
pontifice ,*ri/o loquitur4 ,quid v]     
fecit semel  ,*ri/us8 quid aliud1 quam  
quod ,pontifex antiquus /at die         
quotannis#ba faciebat8 ,pr9cipalit]     
autem hic non de oblatione pro  peccatis
 populi2 s$ de oblatione pro ipsius     
,pontificis peccatis agi1  ex           
sup]ioribus1 ipsoque rationum contextu  
manife/um e/4    ,! s9s :i* 8 sacrifice 
cancell$ mu/ h be5 ( ! same  ord] 9 ! p 
& 9 himself2 c]ta9ly !re=e n moral 9  _!
 "*1 b c]emonial4 ,8 dea? 01 = himself  
no less  ?an = 8 ,hebrew disciples1 a   
commutation = ! ,mosaic  ord9ances4 ,_h 
he n di$1 he mu/ h cont9u$ "u _! p[]2  7
 he on e>?1 he w\ld n be a prie/1 or h  
obta9$ t  m excell5t m9i/ry1 by :i* he  
cle>s away1 9 ! c\rts  above1 all       
possibilities ( ritual s9 bel[1 &       
himself em]ges f  legal to spiritual    

relations4    #ba ,?is is obvi\sly !    
mean+ (   9 ?is passage2  f "t to "t1 & 
9 ! case allud$ to1 ye>ly2 n1 z 9  !    
common v]sion1 daily4    #bb ,mr4       
,buddicom's ,lecture on ! ,atonem5t1 p4 
#dga4    #bc ,see ,mr4 ,m',neile's      
,lecture1 pp4 #cjb1 #caa1 #cbh1 #cdj1   
#cda4    #bd ,mr4 ,m',neile's ,lecture1 
p4 #cch4          ,,m$iatorial          
,,religion4        ,! ,nature ( !       
,atonem5t1 & its ,relation to ,remission
 (      ,s9s & ,et]nal ,life4 ,by ,,john
 ,m',,leod ,,campbell4 ,cambridge3      
,macmillan  ,co4 #ahef4      ,?is is a  
/range book4 ,a ,greek w\ld h hat$ x4 ,a
 ,puritan w\ld  h f\nd x savory1 ev5 :]e
 x 0 uns\nd4 ,ros5kranz1 :o has  writt5 
on ! /hetik des ,hssli*51 w\ld h be5    
?ankful =  su* a fund ( illu/ration4    
,cumbr\s1 tiresome1 monoton\s1 x has    
few attractions = ! natural man1 :o may 
h a weakness 9 favor  ( pure ,engli% &  
nice gramm>4 ,x despises ! graces (     
c>nal  lit]ature1 & treats all ! color &
 music ( language z !  ,r\ndheads treat$

 a ca!dral1 sil5c+ ! box ( :i/les &     
sma%+ ! mighty big angels 9 glass4 ,&   
yet1 if y c get  ov] its grat+ way (    
deliv]+ itself1 y w f9d x no  b>b>ic    
product1 b ! utt]ance ( a deep &        
practis$ ?9k]1  *>g$ ) ! ri*e/ exp]i5ces
 ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 &  resolute to cle> 
!m f e tangle ( fiction or pret5ce4     
,b5ea? ! unc\? =m !re is n only sev]e   
tru?1 b great  t5d]ness & beauty1--a f9e
 appreh5sion ( ! real inn] /rife  (     
tempt$ m51 & an int5se fai? 9 an op5 way
 ( escape f x1  )\t compromise ( any    
sanctity4 ,! au?or1 ?\gh n tuneful 9  8 
spee*1 has ! gifts ( a true prophet2 &  
(t5 enables "o to  fancy :at ,isaiah    
might h be5 if he _h he>d no?+ b !      
bagpipe1 & _h set 8 burd5s to its drone4
 ,:e!r ,mr4  ,campbell's /yle has be5   
=m$ nor? ( ! ,twe$1 we "k n4 ,9  any    
case1 x is tra9$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,calv9ism2 
is unt\*$  !re=e by any feel+ = art2 &  
runs on ) a sort (  extemporane\s habit1
 insuffici5tly reliev$ by occasional    
fla%es (  grotesque & =cible expression4

 ,x is only 9 ext]ior aspect1  h[ev]1 t 
he pres5ts ! features ( ! rugg$ old     
,calv9ism3  & ?\gh ! fir/-born ( t sy/em
 & its y\ng] sons are  di/+ui%$ l       
,isaac's *ildr51 ,esau is a hairy man1 &
 ,jacob  is a smoo? man1 yet no true    
patri>* ( ! s*ool c be s bl9d  z n to   
see b5ea? our au?or's goat-sk9 dress1 & 
"k t he  is o!r ?an ! heir4 ,9 fact1 !  
peculi>ity ( ?is "w z a  !ological      
ph5om5on is1 t x is a de/ruction (      
,calv9ism  )\t any revolt f x1--an      
escape f x ?r\gh its own  int]ior4 ,its 
po/ulates are n d5i$4 ,its phraseology  
is n  reject$4 ,its /atem5t ( ! problem 
( r$emption is 9 ! ma9  accept$4 ,its   
provision = ! solution1--! ,inc>nation (
 !  ,son1--is sacr$ly pres]v$4 ,yet ^!  
elem5ts are put into su* play  z to make
 x *eckmate itself on its own area4 ,its
 def9itions are  %[n to be suicidal2 &  
its %>p-edg$ logic is us$ to cut ?r\gh  
! ligam5ts t con/ra9 & %ape x4    ,we h 
spok5 fir/ ( ! /yle ( ?is book1 because 
x /rikes  ! read] at ! outset1 & is n   

unlikely to repel him if he is  n w>n$4 
,( "o o!r feature1 d]iv$ f ! same s*ool1
 we  mu/ say a ^w1 to qualify !         
admiration & gratitude :i* we  %all !n  
ungrudg+ly t5d] to ! au?or4 ,9 common ) 
all !  great ma/]s ( ! ,evangelical     
s*ool1 he is too mu* at home )  ! ,div9e
 economy2 kn[s too well h[ ! same ?+    
appe>s f !  f9ite & ! inf9ite po9t (    
view2 c tell too surely h[ a mix$       
nature1 bo? div9e & human1 w\ld feel on 
look+ f bo? ends at  once2 & altoge!r   
goes ) too close a se>* to ! secret     
place  ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,n t he speaks   
unwor?ily on ^! high !mes2  we h no?+   
tru] to sugge/1 except m sil5ce4 ,b we  
mu/  confess t :5 a tea*] lays d[n !    
conditions ( div9e  possibility1        
expatiates psy*ologically on ! s5tim5ts 
( !  ,fa!r & ! ,son1 & seems z ?\gh he  
_h be5 all[$ a peep  into !             
autobiography ( ,god1 we %r9k f ! %>p   
outl9es1 &  feel t we %all believe m if 
we are %[n less4 ,) s _m  s\nd+s tak51 &
 s _m *annels buoy$1 ! s5se ( !         

%oreless sea is gone1 & we f9d only a   
port ( traffic1 )  coa/-lights in/ead ( 
/>s4 ,! temptation to ?is !ological     
map-mak+ has always prov$ peculi>ly     
/rong among ! disciples (  ,g5eva3 & !  
reason is to be f\nd 9 ! v nature ( !   
problem !y h attempt$ to resolve4       
,religion has two foci to  det]m9e1--!  
div9e nature & ! human4 ,a?anasius & !  
,greek  influ5ce fix$ ! doctr9e ( !     
,godhead3 ,augu/9e & ! ,lat9  ,*ur*     
def9$ ! spiritual /ate ( man4 ,! "o1 x  
has be5 said1  produc$ a !ology2 ! o!r1 
an an?ropology4 ,9 ! con/ruction  ( !   
=m]1 x is obvi\s t ! appeal c\ld be made
 only to  positive au?ority1 :e!r (     
,scripture or ! ,*ur*4 ,on ! ,nic5e  "q 
no "o c\ld pret5d to h p]sonal insight  
or sci5tific  data3 x mu/ be decid$ by  
arbitr>y vote on impressions (          
te/imony4 ,b = e/abli%+ a doctr9e (     
humanity1 ! liv+  res\rces (            
consci\sness & exp]i5ce 7 pres5t )      
p]petual  witness2 e proposition advanc$
 c\ld be confront$ ) its  correspond+   

reality3 ! disciple c\ld n help c>ry+ ! 
dogma  inw>d to ! te/ ( 8 self-k4 ,!    
s*eme ( ! ,tr9ity  p>took ( ! nature ( a
 ,gnosis1 :i* dwelt ap>t f ! /ir  (     
ph5om5a1 &1 hav+ once set & cry/alliz$1 
c\ld only be  hung up = pres]vation4 ,! 
dogmas ( human depravity &  helplessness
 p>took ( ! nature ( a ,sci5ce1 com+ 9  
contact  ) ! facts ( life & "* at e     
po9t4 ,moral exp]i5ce  _h some?+ to say 
to !m3 & unless !y c\ld keep good t]ms  
) x1 !y c\ld n hope to hold _! gr\nd4   
,h5ce !  ,augu/9ian div9es h be5        
con/ra9$ to seek a philosophy (         
religion1 & to collate ! text ( _!      
,scriptural sy/em ) !  runn+ p>aphrase (
 actual life4 ,no writ]s h contribut$ s 
mu*  to lay b>e ! inmo/ spr+s ( human   
action & emotion2 h  track$ ) s mu*     
subtilty ! w9d+s ( guilty               
self-deception1  or s f\nd ! secret     
sorr[ t lies at ! core ( e  unconsecrat$
 joy4 ,if we mu/ conc$e to ! ,roman     
,ca?olic casui/s  & ! problems ( !      
confessional ! m]it ( creat+ an e?ical  

,art embodi$ 9 sy/ems ( rules1 we owe to
 ! deep] ,evangelical  _s1 :e!r 9 its   
action or its reaction1 ! gr\nd-l9es (  
an  e?ical ,philosophy2--or1 if y d5y t 
su* a ?+ z yet exi/s1  at lea/ ! true   
idea & undy+ que/ ( x4 ,! disciples (   
,augu/9e1 belong+ to an an?ropological  
s*ool1 h be5 naturally  di/+ui%$ by a   
reflective & psy*ologic habit4    ,if x 
0 ! function ( ! ,greek p]iod to settle 
! doctr9e (  ,god1 & ( its ,lat9        
successor to def9e ! nature ( man1 x 0 !
  aim ( ! ,re=mation1 leav+ ^! two      
extremes undi/urb$1 to  f9d ! way (     
m$iation betwe5 !m4 ,s long z ! great   
sac]dotal  ,*ur*1 liv+ cont9uator (     
,*ri/'s pres5ce1 0 intru/$ ) !  bus9ess1
 private ,*ri/ians want$ no !ory on !   
subject2 all nice  que/ions w5t into !  
ecclesia/ical closet & disappe>$4 ,b z  
soon z ev] ! hi]>*y fell out ( ?is      
position1 !re 0 an  imm5se void left to 
be fill$4 ,on ! "o h&1 ,inf9ite         
,hol9ess1  q ali5at$2 on ! o!r1 ,human  
,pravity1 q helpless3 h[ 0  any         

approximation to be r5d]$ conceivable8  
,true1 ! great orig9al  ,m$iation on    
,calv>y1 :i* ! papal prie/hood pret5d$  
to prolong1  rema9$2 = x 0 fix$ 9       
hi/ory4 ,b x lay a great way (f1 a  fact
 9 ! old pa/2 & its int]v5tion 0 requir$
 to-day by  ,melanc?on1 & ,c>l/adt1 & a 
:ole g5]ation q remote f x4  ,h[ 0 its  
p[] to be fet*$ into ! pres5t8 h[ appli$
 to m5  walk+ ab\t 9 ,witt5b]g or ,zri*8
 ,?is 0 ! problem :i* flew  op5 by !    
cancell+ ( ! ,romi% cr$5tials3 & ! v>i\s
  answ]s to x con/itute ! body (        
,prote/ant !ology4 ,9 "o po9t  !y all   
agree1 t1 to replace ! prie/ly m$ia t   
are ?ru/ out1  ,p]sonal ,fai? is !      
elem5t t mu/ be br\ght 94 ,9 :at way    
?is subjective /ate ( ! individual m9d  
draws or appropriates !  efficacy ( !   
,inc>nation2 9 :at ord] ! r$eem+ process
 runs  among ! ?ree giv5 t]ms1--!       
ali5at$ ,fa!r1 ! m$iat+ ,son1  ! believ+
 disciple2 :e!r any "p ( ! process is   
moral &  real1 or all is legal &        
virtual2--^! are que/ions :i* !         

,re=mation has f\nd x easi] to op5 ?an  
to close4 ,b answ] !m  z y w1 !y        
entangle y\r ?\ghts 9 ! mutual relations
 &  s5tim5ts ( ?ree p]sons2 & _c be     
discuss$ )\t  e/abli%+ "s pr9ciples (   
moral psy*ology1 z ! common gr\nds  (   
int]communion betwe5 m9ds f9ite &       
inf9ite1 & deal+ )  hypo!tical problems 
( div9e z well z human casui/ry4 ,h5ce !
  inevitable t5d5cy ( ! doctr9e (       
,m$iation to v5ture on a natural  hi/ory
 ( ! ,div9e ,m9d1--to con/ruct a drama (
 ,provid5ce &  ,grace1 ) plot too       
artfully wr\ght = ! free h& ( ,heav51 & 
traits too specific & m9ute = rev]5t    
contemplation4    ,x is deeply          
in/ructive to obs]ve ! pulsation (      
religi\s ?\ght  9 m54 ,reveal$ religion 
is ev] pass+ into natural1 & natural    
return+ to re-int]pret ! reveal$4 ,we c 
almo/ see ! /eps by  :i* sacr$ hi/ory 0 
conv]t$ into dogma2 :ile dogma1 assum$ 9
  turn z ! />t+-po9t1 is ev] produc+ new
 read+s ( !  hi/ory4 ,?is _w may be     
reg>d$ z a human !atre1 :]e !  ,wills ( 

m5 p]=m ! p>ts2 or z ! /age ( ,div9e    
ag5cy1  us+ ! visible actors z !        
executants ( an invisible ?\ght4  ,its  
vicissitudes1 pres5t$ 9 ! =m] aspect1   
yield only hi/ory2  9 ! latt]1 give rise
 to doctr9e4 ,notic$ by ,tacitus1 ! life
 (  ,*ri/ is a prov9cial incid5t (      
,tib]ius's reign1 & 8 dea? a  judicial  
act ( ,pontius ,pilate's gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! 
?ree fir/  ,gospels & ! book ( ,acts1 ! 
crucifixion is /ill ! act (  wick$ or   
misguid$ m51 inflict$ on an expo/ulat+  
victim2 n1  h[ev]1 )\t be+ =ese5 z !    
appo9t$ precursor ( a  resurrection4 ,! 
ev5t is ?us 9 ! ma9 simply hi/orical2 b 
) a div9e comm5t :i* gives x an incipi5t
 !ological  significance4 ,x appe>s "u  
ano!r aspect 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john2  !re1 
,*ri/ n only =esaw1 b det]m9$ 8 own     
dea?3 8  life no man take? x f him1 b he
 lays x d[n ( himself2 he  is n m]ely ! 
submissive m$ium1 b ! spontane\s co-ag5t
 ( a  ,div9e int5t4 ,f9ally1 9 ,/4      
,paul1--to :om ! p]son & m9i/ry  ( ,*ri/
 7 unfamili>1 :o1 z a disciple ( 8      

heav5ly life1  look$ back ^u !m f a     
high] po9t1--! hi/orical aspect  almo/  
:olly disappe>s 9 ! ideal2 & ! cross    
becomes !  ,gospel1 ! wisdom ( ,god & ! 
p[] ( ,god1 ! self-sacrifice (  ! ,son !
 reconcil+ way to ! ,fa!r1 ! v focus &  
symbol  ( all ! my/]y & m]cy compris$ 9 
humanity4 ,! movem5t (  ?\ght ?r\gh ^!  
successive /ages is obvi\s4 ,an ev5t is 
at  fir/ accept$ z x arises4 ,b 9       
proportion z its concrete  impression   
retires1 ! ne$ becomes m urg5t to f9d   
its function3  in/9ctive se>* is made = 
all ^? elem5ts1 accessories1 &  effects 
( x1 :i* promise to br+ out its mean+ & 
idea1 until  at la/ its doctr9e absorbs 
itself1 & ent]s ! human m9d z a  p]man5t
 factor ( positive religion4 ,x is ?us t
 ! great  anti!ses1 ( ,law & ,gospel1 ( 
! ,natural & ! ,spiritual man1  ( dead  
,works & liv+ ,fai?1 ( self-seek+ enmity
 &  self-surr5d]+ reconciliation ) ,god1
 h settl$ ^u !  consci\sness (          
,*ri/5dom1 & gr[n into ! v sub/ance (   
its  exp]i5ce4 ,!y h become "p ( its    

natural religion4 ,b 9 ?is  "* !y may1  
conv]sely1 be tak5 z ! initiative ( a   
new  v]sion ( ! hi/ory :5ce !y sprung4  
,!y c\ld n be born into  unmix$ & =m$   
exi/5ce at once2 b1 l all new           
affections1  mu/ feel _! way out ( an   
e>ly indet]m9ate /ate1 into cle>        
self-appreh5sion & settl$ purity4 ,!    
te/imony ( ! ,*ri/ian  consci5ce ne$s "t
 to become articulate & collect$4 ,!    
%ad[  ( human guilt may lie s d>k ^u !  
m9d1 ! dawn ( ! div9e  hol9ess may s    
dazzle ! inw>d vision1 t bl9dness 9 "p  
may  l+] = a :ile2 & ! eye1 9 v op5+ to 
,*ri/'s heal+  t\*1 may fail to see4    
,once accu/om$ to ! new light ( life1 m5
  are no long] occupi$ ) x alone1 b f9d 
9 x a m$ium =  tru] disc]nm5t ( objects 
ar\nd4 ,! special s5tim5ts awak5$  by ! 
,gospel te/ !mselves afre%1 l any o!r   
!ory1 by be+  fully liv$ out1 & tri$ z  
exp]im5ts ^u ! s\l4 ,! type (  "*1--!   
edition ( human nature1--9 :i* !y take  
embodim5t1 becomes a di/9ct object (    
critical appreciation2 &  :ile all its  

deep expressive traits speak = ! inn]   
tru? :5ce  !y are m\ld$1 e mixture (    
di%>mony or defect calls = "s  revision 
( idea4 ,9 ! ?ir/y spiritual /ate to :i*
 m5 7  r$uc$ on ! eve ( ! ,re=mation1 !y
 drank up ) int5se  eag]ness ! mo/      
turbid supplies ( evangelical doctr9e4  
,) pur]  heal? & f9] p]ception !y become
 aw>e t n all 0 wat]  ( life2 & t co>se 
notions ( ! nature ( ju/ice1 !          
conditions ( m]cy1 & ! measurem5t ( s91 
7 int]mix$ &  mu/ become m]e s$im5t4    
,cle>$ ( ^!1 ! !ory is tak5 back  to !  
facts ( revelation1 & s wa%$ ?r\gh !m1 t
 !y may  also em]ge z f a spr9kl+ (     
reg5]ation4 ,?r\gh su*  re-baptism does 
our au?or1 furni%$ ) a purifi$          
conception (  atonem5t1 pass ! hi/ory ( 
,*ri/4    ,9 look+ = ! :]eab\ts ( !     
atonem5t1 we are guid$1 z 9  se>* = !   
pole-/>1 by two po9t]s ^: indications we
 are to  foll[4 ,its function 0         
d\ble1--to cancel a guilty pa/1 to make 
a  holy future3 & x mu/ be ( su* a      
nature z to disappo9t nei!r  ( ^!       

conditions4 ,9 det]m9+ its =m1 ! great  
anxiety (  !ologians hi!rto has be5 to  
fit x = its retrospective  action1 &    
disemb>rass ! problem ( salvation ( !   
burd5 (  accumulat$ s94 ,x is ,mr4      
,campbell's di/9ction t he lays !       
sup]ior /ress on its prospective action1
 & requires t x  %all positively heal ! 
sickness ( our nature1 & evolve !nce a  
real & liv+ righte\sness4 ,god's moral  
p]fectness c\ld be  satisfi$ ) no?+     
less4 ,if1 inde$1 ,he look$ on our guilt
  m]ely z an ob/acle to our salvation1 &
 desir$ to remove x z  a h9d]ance out ( 
! way1--if ,he r s\ght a pretext = mak+ 
u happy ?an a provision = draw+ u to    
goodness1--!n ! "w  ( ,*ri/ might be s  
devis$ z simply to te> out ! defil$ page
  ( ! pa/1 & regi/] an inf9ite cr$it n  
our own1 )\t  inh]5t c>e = ult]ior      
p]sonal hol9ess4 ,b 7 x s1 !  div9e love
 w\ld am\nt only to an unrighte\s desire
 = our  happ9ess1 & ! div9e righte\sness
 to an unlov+ repulsion  f our s94 ,su* 
spuri\s analysis corresponds ) no       

reality2 &  9 ! tru? ( ?+s !re c be no  
heav5ly affection t is n  holy1 nor any 
hol9ess t is n affectionate4    ,:ile 9 
ref]5ce to ! n uncommon way ( reg>d+ ?is
 subject  :i* repres5ts righte\sness &  
hol9ess z oppos$ to ! s9n]'s  salvation1
 & m]cy & love z on 8 side1 ,i freely   
conc$e t  all ! ,div9e attributes 71 9  
"o view1 aga9/ ! s9n]1 9  t !y call$ = !
 due expression ( ,god's wra? aga9/ s9 9
  ! hi/ory ( r$emption3 ,i believe1 on !
 o!r h&1 t !  ju/ice1 ! righte\sness1 ! 
hol9ess ( ,god1 h an aspect  accord+ to 
:i* !y1 z well z 8 m]cy1 appe> z        
int]cessors  = man1 & crave 8 salvation4
 ,ju/ice may be contemplat$ z  accord+  
to s9 its due2 & !re is 9 righte\sness1 
z we are  consci\s to x1 :at te/ifies t 
s9 %\ld be mis]able4 ,b  ju/ice1 look+  
at ! s9n] n simply z ! fit subject (    
puni%m5t1 b z exi/+ 9 a moral condition 
( unrighte\sness1  & s its own opposite1
 mu/ desire t ! s9n] %\ld cease to  be 9
 t condition2 %\ld cease to be          
unrighte\s1 %\ld become  righte\s3      

righte\sness 9 ,god crav+ = righte\sness
 9 man1 )  a crav+ :i* ! realization (  
righte\sness 9 man alone c  satisfy4 ,s 
also ( hol9ess4 ,9 "o view x repels !   
s9n]1 &  w\ld bani% him to out] d>kness1
 because ( its repugnance to s94  ,9    
ano!r1 x is pa9$ by ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( 
s9 &  unhol9ess1 & mu/ desire t ! s9n]  
%\ld cease to be s9ful4  ,s t ! s9n]1   
conceiv$ ( z awak5+ to ! consci\sness ( 
8 own evil /ate1 & say+ to himself1 ',by
 s9 ,i h de/roy$  myself4 ,is !re yet   
hope = me 9 ,god8'--%\ld he> an enc\rag+
  answ]1 n only f ! love & m]cy ( ,god1 
b also f 8  v righte\sness & hol9ess4   
,we mu/ n =get1 9 consid]+  ! response t
 is 9 consci5ce to ! *>ge ( s9 & guilt1 
t1 ?\gh ! fe>s :i* accompany t response 
are p>tly !  effect ( a dawn+ ( light1  
!y also 9 "p arise f rema9+  d>kness4   
,he :o is able to int]pret ! voice (    
,god )9 him  truly1 & ) full spiritual  
intellig5ce w be f\nd say+1 n  only1    
',!re is to me cause = fe> 9 !          
righte\sness & hol9ess  ( ,god1' b also1

 ',!re is room = hope = me 9 ! ,div9e   
righte\sness & hol9ess4' ,& :5 ga!r+    
consolation f !  m$itation ( ! "n ( !   
,"l1 t consolation w be n only1         
',surely ! ,div9e m]cy desires to see me
 happy r ?an  mis]able1' b also1        
',surely ! ,div9e righte\sness desires  
to see  me righte\s1--! ,div9e hol9ess  
desires to see me holy1--my  cont9u+    
unrighte\s & unholy is z griev+ to      
,god's  righte\sness & hol9ess z my     
mis]y ?r\gh s9 is to 8 pity &  love4'   
',good & righte\s is ! ,"l1 !re=e w he  
tea*  s9n]s ! way :i* !y %\ld *oose4'   
',a j ,god & a ,savi\r'2  n z ! h>mony (
 a seem+ opposition1 b 'a ,savi\r1      
because  a j ,god4'--p4 #bi4    ,f ?is  
ju/ly-conceiv$ passage ! *>act]i/ics (  
,mr4  ,campbell's !ory may already be   
div9$4 ,he sets 8 fai? on a  concrete1  
liv+1 indivisible ,god1 :om y c nev]    
und]/& by  lay+ out ,8 ab/ract          
attributes "o by "o1 ) _! sep>ate       
requirem5ts1 & !n putt+ !m toge!r aga9  
to compute !  resultant4 ,he insi/s on !

 absolute dom9ance ( a moral &          
spiritual idea ?r\gh\t ! reveal$        
economy3 ( ?is nature is !  evil to be  
met1--s9 & e/rangem5t2 ( ?is nature is !
 good to  be rea*$1--righte\sness &     
reconciliation2 & only ( ?is nature  c  
be ! m$iation :i* effects ! *ange2      
relat$ upw>d to !  ,fa!r & d[nw>d to m51
 9 a way accordant ) ! laws (           
consci5ce1 & intelligible by its        
self-light4 ,he craves1 !re=e1  a       
natural juncture1 a real causal nexus1  
betwe5 ! sev]al p>ts (  ! process1 to ! 
exclusion ( all =5sic fictions &        
arbitr>y  sc5e-%ift+ & sov]eign         
t\rs-de-=ce4 ,9 %ort1 he w h  no tricks 
pass$ (f1 no quasi-trans=mations ^u !   
consci5ce2  he feels ! moral _w to be   
above ! range ( m]e miracle2 any  *ange 
9 x irr$ucible to its solemn laws w\ld  
ipso facto fall  out ( x & become a m]e 
dynamical surprise4 ,( physical miracle 
our au?or avails himself to ! full      
am\nt2 ! inc>nation ( !  ,son ( ,god    
be+1 ) him1 z ) o!rs1 ! c5tral fact &   

ess5tial m$ium ( ,*ri/ian r$emption4 ,b 
! augu/ p[] ?us  sup]naturally set up--!
 ,p]son at once div9e & human--works    
out 8 great problem naturally1 )\t      
requir+ ! susp5sion (  "o rule ( "r1 or 
hold+ any magical deal+s ) ! "*  ( ,god 
or man4 ,8 problem1 !re=e1 is to %[ h[ !
 life &  dea? ( ,*ri/--consid]$ z ,god 9
 humanity--7 fitt$1 & alone  fitt$1 to  
blot out ! s9s ( ! _w be=e ,god1 & to   
introduce  among m5 a new /ate ( real   
righte\sness & et]nal life4    ,! common
 ,evangelical s*eme ( r$emption s f>    
affects to be  d$uc$ f c]ta9 g5]al      
pr9ciples1 & to r5d] ! way (  r$emption 
conceivable1 t x is /igmatiz$ z         
rationali/ic by  ,ca?olics & ,anglicans4
 ,x is s1 h[ev]1 only 9 ! s5se (  hang+ 
well toge!r1 & s]v+ ! purpose ( a       
!ological  ,mnemonic to ^? :o want a    
religion ready m ?an deep4 ,9 !  high]  
s5se1 ( occupy+ any natural gr\nd (     
reason1 x does n  e>n its reproa*4 ,!   
propositions :i* x lays d[n1 z to !     
inability ( a holy nature to =give      

unless circuit\sly & )  comp5sation1 & z
 to ! commutability ( ei!r p5al         
liabilities  or moral attributes1 are   
)\t any support f our prim>y  s5tim5ts (
 "r & wrong1 & c\ld be c>ri$ out by no  
sane man  9 ! conduct ( life4 ,! doctr9e
 is taught 9 two pr9cipal  =ms2--! e>li]
 & m exact s*eme ( ,satisfaction1       
elaborat$ by ,anselm ( ,cant]bury1 &    
p]fect$ by ,ow5 &  ,edw>ds2 & ! mod]n   
!ory ( ,public ,ju/ice1 ma9ta9$ 9  !    
writ+s ( ,dr4 ,pye ,smi? & ,dr4 ,payne1 
& prevail+ :]ev]  ! fir/ decad5ce f !   
old ,calv9ism is go+ on4 ,! fir/ (  ^!  
prep>es its gr\nd by lay+ d[n ^!        
pr9ciples z  fundam5tal2--t ! connection
 betwe5 s9 & suff]+ is  inviolably      
secur$ on ! v]acity ( ,god2 t :5 we h   
done  all1 we are unpr(itable s]vants1 &
 h only r5d]$ our /rict  due2 t1 f> f   
do+ all1 we h done & c d no?+1  except  
accumulate guilt1 :i*1 measure x z y    
w1--by !  maje/y ( ! au?ority defi$1 or 
! multitude ( ! (f5d]s &  _! s9s1--is   
practically ( inf9ite am\nt4 ,"h1 !n1 is

 a case  ( utt] despair3 inf9ite debt2  
no?+ to pay2 remission impossible2      
puni%m5t et]nal2 dea? unatta9able4 ,b we
 are br\ght into !  labyr9? on "o side1 
to em]ge f x on ! o!r4 ,:ile m5 c  only 
multiply dem]it1 !re are natures        
conceivable to :i* m]it is  possible4 ,a
 ,div9e ,p]son1 lay+ aside a bless$ness 
inh]5tly 81  & assum+ sorr[ n 8 own1 &  
do+ ?is out ( a pure love1  fulfils !   
conditions2 & :5 ! ,son takes on him our
 humanity1  ! act1 c>ri$ out unto ! end1
 has a m]it 9 x :i* 9 am\nt  is a full  
set-(f aga9/ ! guilt ( m54 ,/ill1 ?is   
only leaves u  ) two opposite funds--(  
inf9ite good des]t & inf9ite ill        
des]t--:i* sit ap>t & unrelat$4 ,9 due  
c\rse1 ! "o ought to  h a b\ndless      
rew>d1 ! o!r a b\ndless puni%m5t4 ,b to 
r5d] 8 afflu5ce available = our debt1 ! 
,son consummates 8  self-sacrifice1     
sub/itutes himself = u z ! object (     
retribution1 & dies once = all1--"o     
inf9ite dea? = _m  f9ite h]eaft]s ( woe4
 ,! ,fa!r's ju/ice is satisfi$2 !       

allotm5t ( suff]+ to s9 has be5         
accurately obs]v$2 ,8 desire  to p>don  
is releas$ f its re/ra9t4 ,hav+ dealt ) 
! p]son  ( ! ,son z if x 7 mank9d1 ,he  
may deal ) mank9d z if !y  7 ! ,son1 &  
look ^u !m z clo!d ) a p]fect ob$i5ce4  
,! :olly artificial /ructure ( ?is      
s*eme1 :i* is its greate/  condemnation1
 has be5 its *ief security4 ,x is by    
approa*+ )9  conduct+-di/ance ( reality1
 t a doctr9e elicits resi/ance &  meets 
! /roke ( natural objection2 & if x only
 keeps f> en\gh  al(t 9 ! metaphysic    
atmosph]e1 x may float along un>re/$ f  
zone to zone ( "t4 ,m5 "k n :at to make 
( propositions s  mu* out ( _! sph]e1 s 
evasive ( any real enc\nt] ) _!         
consci\sness1 & are apt to let !m pass =
 _! v  /rang5ess' sake4 ,b surely we are
 b\nd to dem& = !m "s  response (       
consci5ce1 &1 ) ,mr4 ,campbell1 to demur
 to su* (  !m z w n be> ?is te/4 ,limit+
 ourselves to !  m$iatorial "p ( ! !ory1
 we w assume ! problem ( moral  evil to 
be correctly /at$1 & only ask :e!r1 f ! 

suppos$  case ( despair1 ! (f]$ solution
 af=ds any real exit ( relief4  ,nor d  
we assume ?is = argum5t's sake alone4   
,we c p]fectly  und]/& any remorseful   
s5se1 h[ev] deep1 ( human unwor?9ess2   
any appreciative rev]5ce1 h[ev] int5se1 
( ,*ri/'s  self-sacrifice4 ,set ! "o "u 
! %ad[ ( ! ,fa!r's inf9ite  disapproval1
 ! o!r 9 ! light ( ,8 inf9ite           
complac5cy2 s  f> we g2 !re let !m lie4 
,b :at next8 ,"h1 on ! left h&1  is ,s9 
) its ne$ ( puni%m5t2 !re1 on ! "r1 a   
p]fect  ,hol9ess ) its m]its4 ,:ile !y  
are ?us spread b5ea? !  ,fa!r's eye1 !y 
break up _! inviolable alliances2 ea*   
moral  cause crosses ov] & takes !      
opposite effect4 ,if su* *ange took     
place1 ! seat ( ! fact mu/ be s\ght     
p>tly 9 !  consci\sness ( ,*ri/1 p>tly 9
 ! ,fa!r's view ( ?+s4 ,9  ref]5ce to ! 
fir/1 mu/ we say t ! ,crucifi$ felt     
himself  "u ,div9e wra? & puni%m5t1 &   
e/eem$ t wra? to be  j1--! fitt+        
expression ( 8 own inw>d remorse8 ,if s1
  c we affirm t 8 consci\sness 0        

v]aci\s8 or did he n  feel1 9 reg>d to  
o!rs' s9s1 s5tim5ts & exp]i5ces t are   
false except 9 relation to "o's own8 ,&1
 asc5d+ to ! o!r  po9t ( view1 %all we  
affirm t ! ,fa!r saw s9 9 ! ,son  & 0   
angry ) him2 s t1 9 ! h\r ( sublime/    
ob$i5ce1  ! words ceas$ to be true1 ,?\ 
art my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am  well   
pleas$8 ,& on ! o!r h&1 :at is meant :5 
x is said  t b5ea? ! ,div9e eye m5 9 _! 
guilt are se5 clo!d )  a p]fect         
righte\sness8 ,is su* an aspect ( !m    
true8 or is x  ak9 to an ocul>          
deception8 ,we seem to be r$uc$ to ?is  
dilemma2--! *ange ( app>5t moral place  
impli$ 9 imputation  is ei!r a fai?ful  
repres5tation1 or a quasi-repres5tation1
 (  ! reality ( ?+s4 ,if ! latt]1 !n !  
,div9e consci\sness is  illusory1 & ! _w
 is adm9i/]$ on a fiction2 if ! =m]1  !n
 ! moral law1 9 assur+ u ( ! p]sonal &  
inali5able  nature ( s91 gives a false  
report1 & !re is no?+ to prev5t a       
circulat+ m$ium ( m]it f pass+ curr5t   
?r\gh ! univ]se4  ,mr4 ,campbell's      

def]5ce = ! great advocates ( ?is       
m>vell\s  doctr9e does n ob/ruct 8      
p]ception ( its difficulties4    ,i     
freely confess1 he says1 t to my own m9d
 x is a relief1 n  only intellectually1 
b also morally & spiritually1 to see t  
!re  is no f\ndation = ! conceptions t  
:5 ,*ri/ suff]$ = u1  ! j = ! unju/1 he 
suff]$ ei!r 'z by imputation unju/1'  or
 'z if he 7 unju/4' ,i admit t          
intellectually x is a relief  n to be   
call$ to conceive to myself a d\ble     
consci\sness1 bo? 9  ! ,fa!r & 9 ! ,son1
 su* z seems impli$ 9 ! ,fa!r's see+  ! 
,son at "o & ! same "t1 ?\gh x 7 b = a  
mom5t1 z  ! well-belov$ ,son1 to :om    
inf9ite favor %\ld g =?1 & also  z      
wor?y1 9 respect ( ! imputation ( our   
s9s to him1 ( be+ !  object ( inf9ite   
wra?1 he be+ ! object ( su* wra?        
accord+ly2  & 9 ! ,son's kn[+ himself ! 
well-belov$ ( ! ,fa!r1 & yet  hav+ !    
consci\sness ( be+ p]sonally1 ?r\gh     
imputation ( our  s91 ! object ( !      
,fa!r's wra?4 ,i feel x intellectually a

 relief  nei!r to be call$ to conceive  
?is1 nor to assume x z an  unconceiv$   
my/]y4 ,/ill m d ,i feel x morally &    
spiritually  a relief1 n to be requir$  
to recognize legal fictions z hav+ a    
place 9 ?is high region1 9 :i* ! awful  
realities ( s9 &  hol9ess1 spiritual    
dea? & spiritual life1 are ! objects ( a
  transaction betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son 9 
! ,et]nal ,_s4--p4  #caj4    ,! second  
=m ( m$iatorial doctr9e1 to :i* we h    
ref]r$ z  ! mod]n type ( ,calv9ism1 has 
aris5 f ! endeavor to evade "s  ( ^!    
p]plexities4 ,! riddle t haunts its     
tea*]s is /ill !  same1--h[ x c become  
possible to %[ m]cy to s9n]s2 b !       
difficulty 9 ! way is diff]5tly         
conceiv$1 & !re=e met by a  diff]5t     
exp$i5t4 ,x is n an ob/acle 9 ,god1     
aris+ f 8  p]sonal s5tim5t ( equity1 :i*
 mu/ be satisfi$2 b spr+s out  ( !      
necessity ( consi/5t rectitude1 &       
adh]5ce to law 9 8  adm9i/rative        
gov]nm5t4 ,! ,fa!r himself1 x is        
intimat$1 w\ld be  q will+ to =give1 7  

!re no?+ to consult except 8 own        
disposition4 ,b x w\ld nev] d to play   
fa/ & loose ) !  crim9al law ( !        
univ]se1 &1 not)/&+ ! mo/ solemn        
enactm5ts1 let (f del9qu5ts on m]e      
rep5tance1 z if no?+ 7  ! matt] beyond a
 p]sonal affront4 ,some?+ m is due to   
,public  ,ju/ice4 ,if ! due c\rse (     
retribution is to be turn$ aside1 x  mu/
 be 9 su* a way & at su* a co/ z to     
proclaim al\d !  awfulness ( ! guilt    
remitt$4 ,?is1 we are told1 is          
accompli%$ by  ! suff]+s & dea? ( ! ,son
 ( ,god1 :i* 7 sub/itut$ =  our ?reat5$ 
puni%m5t1 n z its quantitative equal    
paid to !  ,fa!r1 b z a moral equival5t 
9 ! eyes ( m54 ,_! validity is  ?us     
conceiv$ to dep5d by no means on _!     
p>ticul> measure1 b on  ! m]itori\s     
ob$i5ce ( love :i* 0 _! su/a9+ &        
animat+ s\l1 & :i*1 be+ on ! scale ( a  
,div9e nature1 gave  inf9ite value to ! 
smalle/ sorr[4 ,)9 ! casket ( 8 grief  0
 held su* a priceless righte\sness1 t1  
on behold+ x1 !  ,fa!r might reg>d x z  

an adequate plea = acts ( m]cy to s9n]s4
  ,he does n inde$ impute to !m ! actual
 moral p]fectness (  ,*ri/1 s z to see  
!m inve/$ ) x1 any m ?an he imput$ to   
,*ri/ _! guilt1 & fr[n$ on ,calv>y4 ,x  
is ! effects only (  t hol9ess :i* he   
imputes2 he (f]s to m5 ! b5efits ( x1   
)\t reckon+ x z really !irs1 & giv+ !m !
 legal  /&+ :i* its possession w\ld     
be/[4    ,no d\bt ?is s*eme gets rid ( !
 p5al m5suration & moral  conveyanc+ ( !
 old] ,calv9ism4 ,x %ifts also ! b> to  
free  m]cy away f ! inn] p]sonality (   
,god1 & sets x 9 8 out]  gov]nm5t4 ,b :5
 we aga9 attempt to seize ! m$iatorial  
exp$i5t1 :at is x8 ,x is said to be a   
display ( ! enormity (  t guilt :i* ne$s
 to be r$eem$ at su* a co/4 ,b is t ne$ 
real8 ,h we n be5 told t x has no place 
9 ,god8 ,does he  !n hang out a         
pr(ession t is n true to ! k]nel ( ?+s1 
b only a %[-(f = impression's sake8 ,if 
,et]nal ,ju/ice 9 its  inn] ess5ce does 
n require ! expiation provid$1 :y 9 its 
out] manife/ation pret5d t x does8 ,z   

no?+ c become  "r = ! sake ( good       
example t is n "r 9 itself1 s  is       
,public ,ju/ice1 unsu/a9$ by ! s9c]e    
he>t ( reality1 a  m]e dramatic         
impo/ure4 ,mr4 ,campbell has suppli$ u )
 a =cible  /atem5t ( ?is tru?3--        
,surely rectoral or public ju/ice1 if x 
is to h any moral  basis1--any basis o!r
 ?an exp$i5cy1--mu/ re/ ^u1 & ref]  to1 
di/ributive or absolute ju/ice4 ,9 o!r  
words1 unless !re be  a rightness 9     
connect+ s9 ) mis]y1 & righte\sness )   
bless$ness1 look+ at individual cases   
simply 9 !mselves1 ,i  _c see t !re is a
 rightness 9 connect+ !m z a rule (     
moral gov]nm5t4 ',an ,engli% judge once 
said to a crim9al be=e  him3 ,y are     
condemn$ to be transport$1 n because y h
 /ol5  ^! goods1 b t goods may n be     
/ol54' 7,j5kyns1 #age1 #agf47  ,?is is  
quot$ 9 illu/ration ( ! position1 t '!  
dea? (  ,*ri/ is an honorable gr\nd =   
remitt+ puni%m5t1' because '8  suff]+s  
answ] ! same ends z ! puni%m5t ( !      
s9n]4' ,i d  n recognize any h>mony     

betwe5 ?is s5tim5t ( ! ,engli% judge  & 
! voice ( an awak5$ consci5ce on !      
subject ( s94 ,x is  j because he has   
s9n$ & des]ves puni%m5t1 & n because he 
says to himself t ,god is a moral       
gov]nor1 & mu/ puni% him to  det] o!rs1 
t ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s9 seems s        
t]rible1--& z j z t]rible4--p4 #gi4     
,ev5 7 ! expression back$ up by reality1
 we _c b ask ab\t  ! fitness ( ! m$ium =
 ! ?\ght to be convey$4 ,god's horror   
at guilt is publicly proclaim$ by ! mo/ 
awful crime 9 human  hi/ory6 ,to expla9 
! difficulty ( lett+ (f ! (f5d]1 he     
exhibits ! angui% ( ! innoc5t6 ,!       
spectacle w\ld seem 9  dang] ( sugge/+ !
 wrong lesson to ! t]rifi$ obs]v]1--(   
rais+ to int5sity ! d\bt :e!r1 9 a _w t 
gives its  silv] to a ,judas1 its       
judgm5t-seat to a ,pilate1 & ! cross to 
!  ,son ( ,god1 any ,provid5ce c c>e =  
rectitude at all4 ,ev5 :5  ! dea? (     
,*ri/ is contemplat$ exclusively z a    
self-sacrifice1  )\t rememb]+ ! guilt   
:i* compass$ x1 we are at a loss to     

und]/& h[ x c\ld be an honorable gr\nd =
 remitt+  puni%m5t4 ,:at diff]5ce did x 
make 9 ! previ\s reasons (  ! ,div9e    
gov]nm5t1 s t p5alties "r be=e %\ld be  
less  "r aft]w>ds8 ,if ,catil9e 7       
und]go+ 8 j retribution at  ! date ( !  
,la/ ,supp]1 :at plea 0 !re = releas+   
him at  or be=e ! date ( ! resurrection8
 ,t ob$i5ce r5d]$ &  suff]+ endur$ by "o
 s\l %\ld disp5se ) ! liabilities (     
ano!r1 is a supposition at v>iance ) !  
p]sonal &  inali5able nature ( all s92 &
 to say t ,god imputes !  effects (     
,*ri/'s hol9ess to ^? :o are n p>tak]s 9
 !  cause1 is to accuse ! ,div9e        
gov]nm5t ( total disreg>d to  "* &      
evasion ( moral reality4 ,! old         
,calv9ism repres5ts  ! ,fa!r z hav+ an  
illusory p]ception ( m51 z if !y  7 clad
 9 a div9e righte\sness4 ,! new         
,calv9ism repres5ts him  z hav+ inde$ a 
true p]ception ( _! unrighte\sness1 b1  
not)/&+ ?is1 falsify+ ! tru? 9 action1 &
 proce$+  z if ! facts 7 q o!r ?an !y   
are4 ,inasmu* z  unv]aci\s vision is    

intellectual1 :ile unv]aci\s practice is
  moral1 ! y\ng] doctr9e appe>s to u a  
positive degradation (  ! eld]1 n only 9
 logical complet5ess1 b 9 religi\s wor?4
  ,bo? ( !m make ! r$eem+ economy proce$
 ^u a fiction2 b  !re is all ! diff]5ce 
betwe5 unconsci\s & consci\s fiction2   
betwe5 an inn] satisfaction br\ght ab\t 
by an optical  displacem5t ( m]it1 & an 
outw>d exhibition set up = ! sake  (    
impression4 ,! !ory ( ,ow51 /]n z x is1 
be>s ! /amp (  resolute mean+ consi/5tly
 c>ri$ ?r\gh into ! inmo/ recess  ( !   
,div9e nature4 ,! new] doctr9e is !     
production ( a  plat=m age1 :i* obtrudes
 consid]ations ( effect ev5 into its    
?\ghts ( ,god & 8 gov]nm5t1 & c sc>ce   
refra9 f  turn+ ! univ]se itself into   
pa?os & ad capt&um display4    ,) good  
reason1 !re=e1 does our au?or feel t ?is
 :ole  subject is 9 ne$ (               
reconsid]ation4 ,8 own doctr9e div]ges f
  its pr$ecessors at a v e>ly po9t1 & is
 se5 at its s\rce 9  ! foll[+           
proposition ( ,edw>ds1 z cit$ by ,mr4   

,campbell3--    ,9 cont5d+ t s9 mu/ be  
puni%$ ) an inf9ite puni%m5t1  ,presid5t
 ,edw>ds says1 't ,god c\ld n be j to   
himself )\t  ?is v9dication1 unless !re 
c\ld be su* a ?+ z a rep5tance1         
humiliation1 & sorr[ = ?is 7viz4 s97    
proportionable to !  greatness ( !      
,maje/y despis$1'--= t !re mu/ ne$s be  
'ei!r an equival5t puni%m5t1 or an      
equival5t sorr[ &  rep5tance'2 's1' he  
proce$s1 's9 mu/ be puni%$ ) an inf9ite 
puni%m5t'2 ?us assum+ t ! alt]native (  
'an equival5t  sorr[ & rep5tance' 0 out 
( ! "q4 ,b1 ^u !  assumption ( t        
id5tification ( himself ) ^? :om he came
  to save1 on ! "p ( ! ,savi\r1 :i* is !
 f\ndation (  ,edw>ds's :ole sy/em1 x   
may at ! lea/ be said1 t ! ,m$iator  _h 
! two alt]natives op5 to 8 *oice1--ei!r 
to endure =  s9n]s an equival5t         
puni%m5t1 or to exp]i5ce 9 ref]5ce to   
_! s91 & pres5t to ,god on _! behalf1 an
 adequate sorr[ &  rep5tance4 ,ei!r ( ^!
 c\rses %\ld be reg>d$ by ,edw>ds z     
equally secur+ ! v9dication ( ! maje/y &

 ju/ice ( ,god 9  p>don+ s94--p4 #acf4  
,! side ( ! alt]native :i* ,edw>ds      
ab&on$1 our au?or takes  up & foll[s    
out4 ,! "w ( ,*ri/1 z a gr\nd (         
remission1  consi/$ 9 ! (f]+ on behalf (
 humanity ( an adequate  rep5tance4     
,adequate x c\ld n h be5 b = 8 ,div9e   
nature2  :i* atta*es to 8 holy sorr[ an 
inf9ite moral value1 to balance  !      
inf9ite he9\sness ( ! s9 deplor$4 ,!    
only reason :y  human p5it5ce does n 9  
itself avail to re/ore1 lies 9 its      
imp]fect purity & dep?4 ,?r\gh ! cl\d ( 
evil1 & ) !  eye ( self1 we are         
disqualifi$ = true disc]nm5t ( s9 z x   
is3  bo? ! limits ( a f9ite nature1 & ! 
delusions ( a tempt$ &  fall5 "o1 h9d] u
 f appreciat+ ! measure ( our guilt &   
mis]y4 ,ev5 :5 our bett] m9d reass]ts   
itself1 our v  compunction c>ries 9 x _m
 a speck ( ill1 & our rep5tance  ne$s to
 be rep5t$ (4 ,b 7 x n = ?is1 !re w\ld  
be  m aton+ wor? 9 "o te> ( ! true &    
p]fect sorr[ :i*  ! memory ( ! pa/ w\ld 
awak51 ?an 9 endless ages ( p5al  woe4  

,x is n ! inefficacy1 b ! impossibility1
 ( due  p5it5ce t con/itutes our fatal  
disability2 to be reliev$ f  :i* we ne$ 
to be tak5 out ( ourselves1 to be       
id5tifi$ ) a  p]fect _s2 our humanity   
mu/ cease to be human1 & become "o  ) ! 
,div9e nature4 ,?is is precisely !      
condition :i* realiz$  itself 9 ,*ri/4  
,z ,god 9 humanity1 he _h p]fect sympa?y
 ) !  hol9ess ( "o sph]e1 & !           
infirmities ( ! o!r2 he saw !  :ole     
am\nt ( ! _w's moral e/rangem5t1 n only 
) inf9ite  pity = its mis]y1 b ) inf9ite
 horror at its guilt4 ,he c\ld  bo? make
 a pl5>y confession = u1 & respond      
unres]v$ly to !  ,fa!r's righte\s       
judgm5t2 c\ld be> our burd5 on 8 he>t   
be=e  heav51 & utt] ! ,mis]]e ( holy    
sorr[1 :i* our mo/  pla9tive cry c nev] 
approa*4 ,?is is ! true nature ( 8      
suff]+s4 ,he made 8 s\l an (f]+ = s91   
yield$ x up to  be fill$ ) a s5se ( our 
real aspect b5ea? ! ,omnisci5t eye1  &  
an ,am5 to its condemn+ look4 ,h5ce 8   
sorr[s _h no?+  p5al 9 !m1 any m ?an !  

te>s ( a dev\t p>5t ov] a  prodigal *ild
 are p5al4 ,!y are incid5t to t attitude
 ( s\l  :i* a p]fect nature _c b h 9 !  
pres5ce ( a bro!r's  s94 ,!y are        
altoge!r moral & spiritual2 & _!        
efficacy z an  expiation is t ( true    
rep5tance2 express+ at once our entire  
confession1 acceptance ( ! ,fa!r's j    
displeasure1 & sympa?y  ) 8             
compassionate griev+ at our ali5ation4  
,at ! same "t1 ?is m]e retrospective    
confession w\ld n ( itself  avail1 7 !re
 no bett] hope = ! future ( mank9d4 ,b  
our  ,m$iator's own exp]i5ce 9 humanity1
 8 consci\sness ( intimate  peace &     
communion ) ! ,fa!r1 op5$ to him ! o!r  
side ( our  nature1 assur$ him ( its    
secret capacity = good1 & fill$ him )   
hope 9 ! v mom5t ( contrition4 ,z 8     
sympa?y c\ld h  fell[%ip ) our          
temptations1 s c\ld ours h fell[%ip ) 8 
righte\sness2 & ! light ( ,div9e love t 
re/$ actually on  himself 0 !reby a     
possibility = ! univ]sal human s\l1 & 0 
already hov]+ r\nd ) long+ to desc5d4 ,x

 0 on ! /r5g?  ( ?is assurance t 8      
int]cession on our behalf 0 pres5t$2 x  
w\ld nev] h plead$ = indemnity 9        
relation to ! pa/1 b z  ! prelude to a  
real righte\sness1 a true p>tn]%ip 9 8  
life (  filial h>mony ) ,god4 ,!        
validity ( 8 transaction on our behalf  
consi/$ 9 its p]fect seizure ( ! :ole   
reality1 its entire  response to ! m9d (
 ! ,fa!r 9 relation to m52 sorr[ =  _!  
e/rangem5t1 conviction ( _! possible    
return1 & desire to  draw !m into ! _s (
 g5u9e ,son%ip4    ,x 0 ne$ful1 !n1--s  
we conceive our au?or's mean+1--t !     
s5tim5ts ( ,god t[>ds ! _w's s9 & mis]y 
%\ld quit _!  absolute position1 & %\ld 
come & take _! /ation 9 humanity2  & f t
 field %\ld turn _! gaze & expression   
upw>d to meet  ! ,fa!r's d[nw>d &       
accordant look4 ,z ?is ,am5 ( ! ,son to 
! m9d ( ! ,fa!r con/itutes ! ess5ce ( ! 
atonem5t on !  ,div9e side1 s does x    
consi/ on ! human side 9 ! ,am5 ( ea*   
individual s\l to ! ,am5 ( ! ,son4 ,!   
reproduction 9 u ( !  filial _s (       

,*ri/1--8 confession1 8 plead+1 8       
tru/1--is  our fell[%ip ) him &         
reconciliation ) ,god4    ,?is is sav+  
fai?1--true righte\sness1--be+ ! liv+   
action1  & true & "r movem5t ( ! _s ( ! 
individual man 9 !  light ( et]nal life4
 ,& ! c]ta9ty t ,god has accept$ t      
p]fect & div9e ,am5 z utt]$ by ,*ri/ 9  
humanity is necess>ily  accompani$ by ! 
peaceful assurance t1 9 utt]+1 9 :atev] 
feebl5ess1 a true ,am5 to t high ,am51 !
 individual :o is  yield+ himself to !  
_s ( ,*ri/ to h x utt]$ 9 him is        
accept$ ( ,god4 ,?is ,am5 9 man is ! due
 response to t ^w1 ',be  ye reconcil$ to
 ,god'2 = ! graci\s & ,gospel "* ( :i*  
^w1 z ! t5d]e/ plead+ t c be address$ to
 ! mo/  s9-burd5$ _s1 ,i h cont5d$      
above4 ,?is ,am5 is son%ip2 =  ! ,gospel
 call1 ',be ye reconcil$ to ,god1' :5   
he>d 9 ! light (  ! k t ',god made him  
to be s9 = u :o knew no s91 t  we might 
be made ! righte\sness ( ,god 9 him1' is
 und]/ood to be  ! call to ea* "o ( u on
 ! "p ( ! ,fa!r ( our spirits1 ',my     

son1 give me ?9e he>t1' address$ to u on
 ! gr\nd ( t "w by  :i* ! ,son _h decl>$
 ! ,fa!r's "n1 t ! love :]e)  ! ,fa!r   
ha? lov$ him may be 9 u1 & he 9 u4 ,9 ! 
light  itself ( t ,am5 to ! m9d ( !     
,fa!r 9 relation to man :i*  %9es to u 9
 ! atonem5t1 we see ! righte\sness (    
,god 9  accept+ ! atonem5t1 & 9 t same  
light ! ,am5 ( !  individual human _s to
 t div9e ,am5 ( ! ,son ( ,god is se5 to 
be :at ! ,div9e righte\sness w          
necess>ily ackn[l$ge z !  end ( !       
atonem5t accompli%$4--p4 #bbe4    ,9 ?is
 view1 x is n ! rescue f puni%m5t1 n any
 favorable  *ange 9 our legal /&+1 n any
 imput$ righte\sness1 t  ,*ri/'s        
m$iation obta9s1 b a real trans=mation (
 s\l &  "* ?r\gh ! div9e infection &    
infusion ( 8 own filial  _s4 ,only 9 s  
f> z 8 m9d ?us spreads to u are we unit$
 to  him1 or 9 any way p>tak]s ( 8 gift 
( life4 ,p]sonal ali5ation  c h no      
rev]sal b 9 p]sonal return2 nor c any?+ 
extrane\s to ! nature ( ! ,div9e w      
itself1 to :i* we are  to be reconcil$1 

h "p 9 reconcil+ u to t w4 ,! fe>  (    
hell is n rep5tance2 ! assurance ( heav5
 is n salvation2  nor "u any            
modification c ! desire ( safety1 or !  
consci\sness ( its atta9m5t1 con/itute !
 lea/ approa* to  hol9ess4 ,! good alone
 c t\* ! spr+s ( goodness2 & !  div9e & 
tru/ful life ( ,*ri/ mu/ speak to u on  
its own  acc\nt1 & w9 u by its own p[]1 
or n at all4 ,n t x acts  on u m]ely 9 !
 way ( example4 ,we d n s /& ap>t f  him
 9 our indep5d5t individuality1 t by an 
ext]nal imitation we  c copy him1 &     
become1 z x 71 ea* ano!r ,*ri/1 repeat+ 
9 ourselves 8 (f]+ ( propitiation4 ,he  
is ! ,v9e1 ( :i* we  are ! bran*es4 ,!  
sap is f him1 drawn ?r\gh ! et]nal root 
( righte\sness1 & does b fl[ z a d]iv$  
life into u4 ,! ,son  ( ,god is n a m]e 
hi/orical p]sonage1 to be contemplat$ at
 a  di/ance 9 ! pa/1 b ev] ) u 9 ! p[] (
 an endless  life2 /ill succor+ u :5 we 
are tempt$1 & m9i/]+ to  consci5ce a    
pres5t help & peace4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 by 
foll[+ him1 b by abid+ 9 him1 t we h our

 fell[%ip  9 8 h>mony ) ,god4    ,!     
ess5ce1 !n1 ( ! s*eme ( r$emption1 9 !  
view ( our  au?or1 seems to be ?is3 t ! 
,div9e nature ent]$ humanity to  op5 !  
,fa!rl9ess ( ,god by liv+ ! life (      
p]fect ,son%ip2 &  t1 hav+ awak5$ t life
 9 u by ?is its visible realization1  he
 su/a9s x by ! inn] pres5ce ( 8 ,_s4 ,x 
is "o ( !  obvi\s consequ5ces ( ?is     
doctr9e1 t no exclusive or exceptional  
value is to be ascrib$ to ! dea? (      
,*ri/4 ,x is simply ! f9al  & cr[n+     
expression ( ! same filial m9d :i* is ! 
cont9u\s  ess5ce ( 8 :ole exi/5ce ^u    
e>?4 ,nor does ! !ory atta*  importance 
to any suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 z su*2 b only z 
m$ia &  measures ( moral expression4 ,_h
 m5 s9n$ z spirits1 8  reconcil+ "w w\ld
 n h involv$ dea? at all3 b s9ce 9 our  
con/itution mortality is ! wages ( s91 8
 response to !  ,div9e m9d 9 reg>d to s9
 w\ld h be5 incomplete1 _h he n  honor$ 
?is law & ta/$ its realization4 ,n to   
lose sight ( !  ma9 features ( ! doctr9e
 9 pursuit ( details1 we mu/ pass  )\t  

notice _m curi\s & subtle ?\ghts ( our  
au?or on ?is  "p ( 8 subject4 ,inde$1   
ev]y:]e ! read] :o has pati5ce )  !     
entangl$ /yle w f9d deep h9ts & delicate
 turns (  reflection4 ,b we mu/ )draw to
 a little di/ance f 8 sy/em1  & endeavor
 to look at x z a :ole2 fix+ att5tion   
especially on  ! c5tral po9t ( all1--!  
m$iatorial provision1 :i* replaces  !   
p5al satisfaction ( ! eld] ,calv9ism1 & 
! exhibition (  rectoral ju/ice ( !     
mod]n div9es4    ,in/ead ( an inf9ite   
puni%m5t endur$ or repres5t$1 ! !ory    
(f]s u an inf9ite rep5tance p]=m$4      
,rep5tance =  :at8--= human s94         
,rep5tance by :om8--by ,him :o knew no  
s94  ,is ?is a ?+ t c be8 ,is vic>i\s   
contrition at all m  conceivable ?an    
vic>i\s retribution8 ,x is surely "o & !
 same  difficulty t meets !m bo?4 ,on   
:at gr\nd is ! transf] (  ei!r moral    
qualities or _! effects reg>d$ by our   
au?or z  impossible8--because at v>iance
 ) our consci\sness ( !  p]sonal &      
inali5able nature ( s94 ,b n less is ?is

 tru?  contradict$ :5 we say t ! guilt  
may be incurr$ by "o p]son1  & ! avail+ 
rep5tance take place 9 ano!r4 ,nor c any
  imag9ation ( ,*ri/'s /ate ( m9d       
id5tify x ) p5it5ce4 ,mr4  ,campbell    
himself describes x 7p4 #ace7 z hav+ all
 ! elem5ts (  a p]fect rep5tance 9      
humanity = all ! s9 ( man--a p]fect     
sorr[--a p]fect contrition1--all !      
elem5ts ( su* a rep5tance1  & t 9       
absolute p]fection--all--except+ !      
p]sonal  consci\sness ( s94 ,?is        
exception1 h[ev]1 conta9s j !  ess5tial 
elem5t ( ! :ole4 ,p5it5ce )\t any       
p]sonal  consci\sness ( s9 is a         
contradiction 9 t]ms2 & ! requisition  (
 ! ,div9e law is1 t ! s9n] %all turn f !
 evil (  8 he>t1 n t ! righte\s %all    
make confession = him4 ,!  entire moral 
value ( contrition belongs to x z ! sign
 ( inn]  *ange ( "* f prior evil to     
succe$+ good2 & x admits  ( no          
transplantation f ! id5tical p]sonality 
:i* has be5  ! seat ( ! evil & is !     
c&idate = ! good4    ,fur!r1 x seems a  

p>adox to say1 ) our au?or1 t true      
rep5tance is impossible to man1 :o alone
 ne$s x2 & c be  realiz$ only by ! ,son 
( ,god1 9 :om !re is no room = x4 ,x    
w\ld inde$ be a hopeless realm to live  
91 :i* %\ld annex to all  s9s bo? an    
imp]ative dem& & an absolute            
disqualification =  adequate contrition1
 & fir/ op5 ! f\nta9 ( avail+ te>s 9    
holy natures t h none to %$4 ,x is1 9   
tru?1 ( ! v  ess5ce ( rep5tance to h its
 seat 9 mix$ & imp]fect moral  be+s3 &  
our au?or lays ^u x q an arbitr>y       
requisition1  :5 he insi/s t1 to pass z 
adequate1 x mu/ conta9 a p]fect         
appreciation ( ! s9 deplor$1--a view ( x
 co9cid5t ) t  ( ,god4 ,"u su* an aspect
 z ?is x c\ld nev] h appe>$ to  u1 ?\gh 
we _h rema9$ guiltless ( x1 & recoil$ f 
x3 &  we c h>dly be requir$ to rea*1 9 !
 reb\nd ( recov]y1 a  po9t beyond !     
/ation :i* w\ld h prev5t$ ! fall4 ,_m   
errors 9 !ology arise f apply+ absolute 
conceptions to  relative conditions1 &  
=gett+ t religion1 z realiz$ 9 u1  is a 

life1 a movem5t1 a progress1 & n an     
ultimate limit (  p]fection4 ,rep5tance 
is a transitional /ate1 to :i* x is     
absurd  to apply an inf9ite crit]ion3 x 
is a *ange f ! worse to !  bett] m9d1 & 
_c ne$ ! res\rces or belong to !        
exp]i5ce  ( ! be/4 ,to pron\nce x       
impossible to ! w&]+ & fall51  & make x 
! exclusive function ( ! ,all-holy1     
implies !  /range/ metamorphosis ( its  
mean+4    ,b h[1 x may be ask$1 c\ld a  
p>adox s viol5t f9d favor )  an au?or   
ev]y:]e int5t on ! exclusion ( fiction f
 ,*ri/ian  !ology8 ,to ref] a moral act 
to ! wrong p]sonality1 to toss  ab\t a  
solemn *ange l p5it5ce betwe5 guilty &  
innoc5t1 z  if its p>ticul> seat 7 a    
matt] ( indiff]5ce1 is s s]i\s an       
error1 t x c\ld nev] ent] a m9d l ,mr4  
,campbell's1 unless  "u "s plausible    
disguise4 ,c we f9d ! %ape "u :i* x  has
 recomm5d$ itself to 8 approval8    ,!  
s5tim5t ascrib$ to ! ,son ( ,god 9 reg>d
 to s91--want+ z  x does ! ess5tial     
p5it5tial elem5t ( p]sonal              

compunction1--is  simple sorr[ = o!rs'  
guilt1 f\nd$ on p]fect appreh5sion (    
its nature4 ,b ?is attitude ( s\l 9 him 
awak5s ! consci5ce (  8 disciples1 & is 
reproduc$ 9 !m by fell[%ip4 ,spread into
  _! consci\sness1 x is no long] cle> ( 
! imm$iate pres5ce  ( s91 b1 fall+ 9 )  
x1 assumes ! miss+ elem5t1 &  becomes   
rep5tance4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ian s5se ( evil1  
:i* ev]  p>takes ( true contrition1 is  
?us contemplat$ z a transmigration  ( ! 
,m$iator's own _s into ! s\l1 ! two are 
s id5tifi$  9 ?\ght1 t :at is true only 
( ! human effect is ref]r$ to  ! ,div9e 
cause2 & ! moral sorr[ ( ,*ri/ is reg>d$
 z  pot5tially equival5t to rep5tance1  
because t is actually !  =m ( !         
correspond+ ph5om5on 9 u4 ,if ?is1      
h[ev]1  expla9s our au?or's position1 x 
h>dly ju/ifies x4  ,int]cession = o!rs 9
 _! guilt may move !m to remorse =  _!  
own1 b is a fact ( q diff]5t nature4 ,z 
attributes &  expressions ( "*1 ! two   
ph5om5a are n to be conf\nd$2  & z      
affect+ our relation to ,god1 !re is !  

obvi\s &  admitt$ di/9ction1 t          
int]cession avails n = ^? :o  rema9     
imp5it5t1 & w\ld n be ne$$ = !          
spontane\sly  p5it5t4 ,! sorr[ful       
expo/ulations ( ! ,son ( ,god h only s  
f> a reconcil+ effect z !y become !     
m$ium1 9 ! he>ts (  m51 ( an awak5$     
contrition1 aspiration1 & fai?4 ,we _c  
conceive !m to h imm$iately alt]$--z    
rep5tance does--!  p]sonal relation     
betwe5 ,god & ! transgressors ( ,8 w2   
else  ! *ange w\ld be a *ange 9 ! ,div9e
 s5tim5t :il/ its  objects /ill rema9$  
un*ang$4 ,! effect waits = its          
developm5t 9 s\ls melt$ & r5ew$4 ,& ?us 
! aton+ sorr[  ( ,*ri/ becomes simply a 
provision = a heal+ p5it5ce 9 m54    ,! 
ascription ( rep5tance to ,*ri/ is      
curi\s 9 ano!r po9t (  view4 ,x arises f
 a bl5d+ toge!r ( 8 consci\sness & 8    
disciples'2 f slurr+ ! l9es ( p]sonality
 betwe5 !m2 f  reg>d+ _! spiritual /ate 
z an organic ext5sion ( 81 & 8  z !     
vital root ( !irs4 ,9 8 endeavor to     
recomm5d x to u1 our  au?or in/9ctively 

runs into ab/ract expressions 9 speak+ (
  mank9d2 fus+ d[n concrete m5 into     
humanity2 ref]r+ to !  ,m$iator z ,god 9
 humanity2 & s1 deal+ ) our nature z if 
x 7 a s+le exi/5ce1 c>ry+ or turn+ up   
all its individuals  z p>tial ph5om5a ( 
"o ess5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 our endeavor 
to correct 8 doctr9e1 we h _h to lay    
/ress on ! inali5able  & sep>ate "* (   
all p>ticul> p]sons1 tak5 "o by "o2 to  
insi/ on ! solitude ( ea* responsible   
ag5t1 & ! impassable  b>ri]s :i* =bid ! 
transf]5ce ( moral attributes f m9d to  
m9d4 ,:i* ( ^! two modes ( conception is
 ! tru]8 ,= accord+  z we incl9e to ! "o
 or ! o!r1--accord+ z we treat humanity 
z ! organic unit ( :i* individual       
samples ( mank9d are num]ical  accid5ts1
 or take ea* man z an integ]1 ( :i* !   
race is a  multiple1--%all we lean t[>ds
 m$iatorial or t[>ds direct religion4   
,we are firmly conv9c$ t no doctr9e (   
m$iation--9 ! /rict  s5se imply+        
transactions ) ,god on behalf ( m51 z   
well z 9  ! opposite direction--c be    

h>moniz$ ) ! mod]n  individualism2 & t x
 is precisely 9 ! attempt to unite ^!   
incompatibles1 t ! =5sic fictions to :i*
 ,mr4 ,campbell objects1  & ! moral     
fiction 9 8 own !ory to :i* we object1 h
 _h  _! orig94 ,!y are m]e artificial   
devices to comp5sate ! loss (  t        
reali/ic mode ( conception 9 :i* alone a
 true aton+ doctr9e  c re/ 9 peace4 ,s  
long z y contemplate ! ,r$eem] z a      
deta*$  p]son1 n less insulat$ 9 8      
integrity ( be+ ?an angel f  ar*angel or
 f man1 ! difficulty w rema9 insup]able 
( mak+  8 moral acts avail = o!r human  
individuals1 unless by a  fictiti\s     
transf]5ce1 aga9/ :i* consci5ce prote/s4
 ,puni%m5t  by sub/itute1 righte\sness  
by deputy1 vic>i\s rep5tance1 are       
notions at v>iance ) ! fundam5tal       
po/ulates ( ! ,moral ,s5se3  & 9 !      
attempt to def5d !m we are liable to    
lose ! solemn1  liv+1 face-to-face      
reality ( ! /rife )9 u1 & to weave      
ar\nd u a web ( legal & =mal relations1 
z little l any  he>t-felt v]acity z a   

*anc]y decree to a law ( nature4 ,9     
proportion z ! s\l is pi]c$ ) a %>p]    
contrition1 & atta9s  a deep] & cle>]   
insight into h] own unfai?ful disord]1 w
 !  inh]5t impossibility ( any =eign    
ex*ange ( righte\sness become  app>5t1 &
 ! desire to be %ield$ f puni%m5t w pass
 away3  nor is ! consci5ce truly awak5$ 
:i* does n r ru% into !  arms ( its j   
angui% ?an />t back & fly away4 ,& ! m y
  hold up to view ! hol9ess ( ,*ri/1 !  
d>k] w ! p]sonal  pa/ appe> to gr[2 =   
self-reproa* w say3 ,yes1 ,i see him z !
  holy ,son ( ,god2 ! guilti] am ,i t ! 
vision did n keep me f  my s94 ,talk to 
su* a "o ( ,*ri/'s transactions on our  
behalf1 z  f$]al head ( a r$eem$ p2 & 8 
mis]y w take no  notice ( ! cold        
pret5ce1 unless to ?9k1 ,:atev]         
engagem5ts he  made = me1 ,i h brok5 !m 
all4 ,9 %ort1 :ile ,*ri/ is reg>d$      
simply z an hi/orical individual1 ) !   
*asm ( an incommunicable  p]sonality    
betwe5 him & u1 no +5uity c con/ruct1   
except f  ! ru9s ( moral law1 any o!r   

bridge ( m$iation ?an ! suasion  (      
natural rev]5ce1 by :i* 8 image passes  
into ! he>t ( fai?4    ,x is o!rwise :5 
we break ?r\gh ! re/ra9ts ( ! mod]n     
individualism1 & /rive to ent] into t   
lit]al id5tification (  ,*ri/ )         
,*ri/ians :i* is s frequ5t ) ,/4 ,paul4 
,if1 in/ead  ( say+ t ,*ri/ _h our human
 nature1 we c\ld put our ?\ght  into ?is
 =m1--,he 0 7& is7 our human nature1--if
 we c\ld  suppose our type ( be+ n m]ely
 repres5t$ 9 him z a sample1 b          
conc5trat$ 9 him z a :ole1--we %\ld read
 its ess5tials &  de/9ation 9 8         
biography3 8 pr$icates w\ld be its      
pr$icates3  & 9 8 sorr[s & sanctity x   
might und]go purification4 ,humanity    
?us made into a p]son w\ld !n be !      
correspond+ fact to ,deity  embodi$ 9 a 
p]son3 bo? w\ld be                      
,inc>nations1--ess5tial ,manhood  &     
ess5tial ,godhead1--co-pres5t 9 ! same  
manife/$ life4 ,9 !  ord9>y conception (
 ! doctr9e ( two natures1 ,*ri/ is      
repres5t$1 we believe1 z a man2 9 ! mode

 ( ?\ght to :i* we  n[ ref]1 he appe>s z
 ,man4 ,! difficulties :i* arise 9 !    
attempt to c>ry out ?is =m ( ?9k+ are   
evid5t en\gh1 ev5 to  ^? :o "k no?+ ( ! 
,p>m5ides ( ,plato4 ,inde$1 !y are      
r5d]$ s obtrusive by our mod]n habits ( 
m9d1 t ev5 a  mom5t>y seizure1 = m]e    
purposes ( int]pretation1 ( t old]      
intellectual po/ure1 sc>cely rema9s     
possible to u4 ,! appreh5sion  ( x1     
h[ev]1 is indisp5sable to "o :o w\ld    
appreciate !  m$iatorial !ology (       
,*ri/5dom1--a !ology :i* nev] c\ld h    
sprung up if our pres5t conceptuali/ &  
nom9ali/ notions _h always  prevail$1 & 
:i*1 ev] s9ce _! asc5d5cy 9 ,europe1 has
 be5  driv5 to deplorable %ifts (       
self-ju/ification4 ,! p>allel betwe5  ! 
fir/ & second ,adam1 ! fall & !         
re/oration1 ! dea?  incurr$ & ! life    
recov]$1 acquire new mean+ = ^? :o ?us  
?9k1--t z ! incid5ts ( ,adam's exi/5ce  
become g5]ic by  desc5t1 s ! incid5ts ( 
,*ri/'s exi/5ce are g5]ic by  diffusion2
 t if 9 ! "o we see humanity at         

head-qu>t]s 9  "t1 9 ! o!r we see x at  
head-qu>t]s 9 compreh5sion2 s  t1 l an  
atmosph]e :i*1 purifi$ at nucleus1 has !
 ta9t drawn  (f f its m>g91 our nature  
is fre$ f its sickl9ess 9 him4 ,x       
becomes intelligible to u 9 :at s5se we 
are to take refuge 9 him z  our includ+ 
t]m1 to f9d 9 him an epitome ( our true 
exi/5ce1 to  die 7ev5 to h di$7 ) him1  
to suff] ) him1 to be ris5 )  him1 to   
dwell above 9 him4 ,on ! assumption (   
su* a union1 8 life  ceases to be an    
individual biography2 :at is manife/$ 9 
him  p]sonally1 becomes true ( u        
univ]sally2 & x is z if we 7  all--l    
special examples 9 a g5]al rule1 or     
undevelop$ tru?s 9 a  p>5t              
pr9ciple--virtually pres5t 9 8 deal+s ) 
evil & )  ,god4 ,x is evid5t1 t 9 ?is   
view 8 m$iation has no *asm to  cross1  
no =eign region to ent]1 b is an        
insep>able pr$icate (  8 own p]sonal    
acts4 ,! facility ( conception af=d$ by 
?is  me?od is betray$ by ,mr4           
,campbell's resort to an analog\s       

hypo!sis  z a m]e illu/rative help to ! 
m9d4 ,witness ! foll[+ /rik+  passage3--
    ,t we may fully realize :at mann] ( 
equival5t to ! di%onor  done to ! law & 
"n ( ,god by s9 an adequate rep5tance & 
sorr[ = s9 mu/ be1 & h[ f> m truly ?an  
any p5al  infliction su* rep5tance &    
confession mu/ satisfy ,div9e ju/ice1   
let u suppose t all ! s9 ( humanity has 
be5 committ$ by "o  human _s1 on :om is 
accumulat$ ?is immeasurable am\nt (     
guilt2 & let u suppose ?is _s1 load$ )  
all ?is guilt1 to  pass out ( s9 into   
hol9ess1 & to become fill$ ) ! light (  
,god1 becom+ p]fectly righte\s ) ,god's 
own righte\sness1--su*  a *ange1 7 su* a
 *ange possible1 w\ld imply 9 ! _s s    
*ang$ a p]fect condemnation ( ! pa/ (   
its own exi/5ce1 &  an absolute & p]fect
 rep5tance1 a confession ( its s9       
comm5surate ) its evil4 ,if ! s5se (    
p]sonal id5tity  rema9$1 x mu/ be s4    
,n[1 let u contemplate ?is rep5tance )  
ref]5ce to ! guilt ( su* a _s1 & ! "q ( 
p>don  = its pa/ s9 & admission n[ to ! 

light ( ,god's favor4 ,%all  ?is        
rep5tance be accept$ z an atonem5t1 &1 !
 pa/ s9 be+  ?us confess$1 %all ! ,div9e
 favor fl[ out on t pres5t  p]fect      
righte\sness :i* ?us condemns ! pa/1 or 
%all t  rep5tance be decl>$ inadequate8 
,%all ! pres5t p]fect  righte\sness be  
reject$ on acc\nt ( ! pa/ s91 s         
absolutely  & p]fectly rep5t$ (8 & %all 
,div9e ju/ice /ill dem&  adequate       
puni%m5t = ! pa/ s91 & refuse to !      
pres5t  righte\sness adequate           
ackn[l$gm5t1--! favor :i*1 9 respect (  
its own nature1 belongs to x8 ,x appe>s 
to me impossible to give any  b "o answ]
 to ^! que/ions4 ,we feel t su* a       
rep5tance z  we are suppos+ w\ld1 9 su* 
a case1 be ! true & prop]  satisfaction 
to (f5d$ ju/ice4 ,n[1 ) ! diff]5ce (    
p]sonal id5tity1 ! case ,i h suppos$ is 
! actual case (  ,*ri/1 ! holy "o (     
,god1 be>+ ! s9s ( all m5 on 8  _s1--9  
,lu!r's words1 '! "o s9n]1'--& meet+ !  
cry (  ^! s9s = judgm5t1 & ! wra? due to
 !m1 absorb+ &  exhau/+ t ,div9e wra? 9 

t adequate confession & p]fect  response
 on ! "p ( man :i* 0 possible only to ! 
inf9ite  & et]nal righte\sness 9        
humanity4--p4 #adc4    ,! case :i* our  
au?or "h pres5ts z an aid to !          
imag9ation  0 to ,lu!r ! lit]al reality2
 to :om1 accord+ly1 ,*ri/ 0  ! "o s9n]1 
)\t ! diff]5ce ( p]sonal id5tity1  :i*  
is "h s innoc5tly slipp$ 91 z if x 7 (  
no  consequ5ce4 ,*ri/1 9 ! ,re=m]'s     
view1 0 humanity1 our  humanity2 & ! gr&
 function & triumph ( fai? is to feel   
ourselves includ$ 9 him1 to m]ge our    
individuality1 s9s & all1  9 8          
compreh5d+ manhood & aton+ ob$i5ce4     
,h5ce ! /ress  :i* ,lu!r lays on !      
well-apply+ ! pron\n our1 9 !  phrase1  
:o gave himself = our s9s2 t ?is "o     
syllable be+  believ$ may swall[ up all 
?y s9s4 ,! effect ( ?is realism on  !   
!ology ( ,lu!r has n be5 suffici5tly    
rem>k$4 ,we believe  x to be ! key to   
mu* t is obscure 9 8 writ+s1 & !  secret
 s\rce ( 8 antipa?y to ! ,calv9i/ic type
 ( !  ,re=mation4 ,absorption ( ,manhood

 into ,*ri/1--di/ribution (  ,godhead   
into humanity1--^! 7 ! correlative p>ts 
( 8  objective belief1--,atonem5t &     
,eu*>i/ic ,real ,pres5ce3 &  nei!r 9    
!mselves nor 9 _! correspond5ce c !y be 
appreciat$1 )\t /&+ ) him at ! po9t (   
view :i* we  h endeavor$ to indicate4   
,:e!r m$iatorial religion %all cont9ue  
to include 9 its s*eme  "s provision =  
deal+ ) ,god on behalf ( m51 w ma9ly    
dep5d on ! successful revival or ! f9al 
ab&onm5t ( ! old  reali/ic modes (      
?\ght4 ,mr4 ,campbell's compromise ) !m1
  tak+ refuge ) !m = illu/ration :ile   
dis[n+ !m 9  sub/ance1 answ]s no logical
 or !ological purpose at all4 ,if he    
foll[s out ! natural t5d5cies &         
aff9ities ( 8 fai?1 he  mu/ re/         
exclusively at la/ 9 ! o!r half ( !     
doctr9e1 :i*  exhibits ! deal+ ) man on 
behalf ( ,god4 ,9 ?is be/ s5se          
m$iatorial religion is imp]i%able1 &    
imp]i%ably id5tifi$ )  ,*ri/ianity4 ,!  
,son ( ,god1 at once above our life & 9 
our life1  morally div9e &              

circum/antially human1 m$iates = u      
betwe5 !  self s h>d to escape1 & !     
,inf9ite s hopeless to rea*2 &  draws u 
out ( our m\rnful d>kness )\t los+ u 9  
excess (  light4 ,he op5s to u ! moral &
 spiritual my/]ies ( our  exi/5ce1      
appeal+ to a consci\sness 9 u t 0 asleep
 be=e4  ,& ?\gh he leaves :ole worlds ( 
?\ght approa*able only by  sil5t wond]1 
yet 8 own walk ( heav5ly communion1 8   
words (  grace & works ( p[]1 8 /rife ( 
div9e sorr[1 8 cross (  self-sacrifice1 
8 reappe>ance beh9d ! veil ( life       
et]nal1 fix  on him su* holy tru/ &     
love1 t1 :]e we are d5i$ !  assurance ( 
k1 we atta9 ! repose ( fai?4            
,,five ,,po9ts ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,fai?4    
,x is at all times difficult1 ev5 = !   
wise/1 to describe aright  ! t5d5cies ( 
! age 9 :i* !y live1 & lay d[n its      
be>+s on ! great *>t ( human affairs4   
,our own s5sations c  give u no notice  
:i!r we are go+2 & ! inf9ite life-/ream 
on :i* we ride1 re/less z x is ) !      
surface-waves (  innum]able ev5ts1      

reports no?+ ( ! mighty curr5t t sweeps 
u on1 except by fa9t & sil5t intimations
 legible only to !  skill$ int]pret] (  
heav54 ,x is some?+1 h[ev]1 to h !      
feel+ t we are mov+1 & to be awake &    
look+ out2 &  p]haps !re nev] 0 a p]iod 
9 :i* ?is consci\sness 0 m  diffus$     
?r\gh\t society ?an 9 our own4 ,no "o c 
look up &  ar\nd at ! religi\s & social 
ph5om5a ( ,*ri/5dom1 )\t  ! p]suasion t 
we are ent]+ a new hemisph]e ( ! _w's   
hi/ory1--a p]suasion corroborat$ ev5 by 
^? :o disclaim x1 &  :o insi/ on /ill   
/e]+ by lights ( tradition n[ s9k+ into 
! mi/s ( ! rec$+ horizon4 ,:]ev] we turn
 our eye1 we  discov] "s symptom ( an   
imp5d+ revolution 9 ! =ms (  ,*ri/ian   
fai?4 ,! gross mat]ialism & absolute    
unbelief diffus$  = ! fir/ "t among va/ 
masses ( our population2 !  fa/-spread+ 
7&1 z x appe>s to u1 morbid7 dislike to 
look  /eadily at any?+ miracul\s2 !     
ext5sive r5unciation1 ev5  among !      
religi\s classes on ! ,cont95t1 (       
hi/orical  ,*ri/ianity2 ! s*isms &      

ev]-new peculi>ities :i* are  weak5+ all
 sects1 &1 l se$l+s ( ! ,re=mation1 are 
obscur+ ! species1 by multiply+ !       
v>ieties1 ( op9ion2 !  reviv$           
controv]sies1 p5etrat+ all ! great      
political que/ions  ( ! age1 betwe5 !   
ecclesia/ical & civil p[]s1--are n !    
only indications ( approa*+ !ological   
*ange4 ,t v  cons]vatism & recoil ^u !  
high doctr9e ( an eld] "t1 :i*  is      
manife/ 9 e section ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 is 
a confession  by contra/ ( ! same ?+4 ,=
 op9ion does n turn r\nd &  retreat into
 ! pa/1 till x has lo/ its natural %elt]
 9 !  pres5t1 & dreads "s m]ciless /orm 
9 ! future4 ,! outw>d  /r5g? :i* ! old] 
*ur*es ( our c\ntry seem to be acquir+  
arises f ! rally+ ( al>m & ! h]d+ toge!r
 (  trembl+ sympa?ies2 & ?\gh fe> may   
unite m5 aga9/ ext]nal  assaults ^u     
in/itutions1 x _c /op ! decay ( inw>d   
d\bt4  ,x w\ld seem z if ,*ri/ianity 0  
?reat5$ by ! m5tal activity  :i* x has  
itself creat$2 z if ! intellectual      
weapons :i* h  be5 =g$ & temp]$ by its  

skill 7 trea*]\sly turn$  aga9/ its     
life4 ,x is va91 h[ev]1 to /rike a p[] t
 is  immortal2 no?+ w fall b ! bodily =m
 ca/ = a season  ar\nd ! imp]i%able _s4 
,prote/antism1 ) all its bless+s1 has   
aft] all greatly  disfigur$ ,*ri/ianity1
 by con/ruct+ x into a rigid            
metaphysical  =m1 & sett+ x up on a n>r[
 p$e/al ( antiqu>ian pro(2--by  de/roy+ 
its inf9ite "* ?r\gh def9itions1 &      
develop+  x dogmatically r ?an          
spiritually2--by treat+ x1 n z an  ideal
 glory ar\nd ! life ( man1 b a logical  
incision into !  psy*ology ( ,god4 ,!   
wreck ( sy/ems fram$ "u ?is false       
conception w b leave ! pure _s ( our    
religion 9 !  enjoym5t ( a m sacr$      
homage2--y may da% ! image1 b y  _c t\* 
! god4    ,9 ! foll[+ rem>ks we %all    
seek to make ?is evid5t2--to %[  :at    
pr9ciples ( religion 9 g5]al1 & (       
,*ri/ianity 9  p>ticul>1 may be pron\nc$
 safe f ! %ocks ( d\bt4 ,9 times  (     
con/]nation & unc]ta9ty1 x behooves ea* 
"o to look )9  him = ! he>t ( c\rage1 & 

ar\nd him = ! place ( %elt]1  & to s+le 
out1 amid c\ntless po9ts ( dang]1 "s    
refuge  immutable & et]nal4 ,) ?is view1
 we propose to trace an outl9e  (       
,*ri/ian tru?s :i* we consid] secure &  
durable z our v  nature2--a *a9 (       
granite po9ts ris+1 l ! rock ( ages1    
above ! %ift+ seas ( human op9ion4 ,9   
do+ s1 we %all be  simply del9eat+      
,unit>ian ,*ri/ianity1 accord+ to our   
conception  ( x2--exp\nd+ x1 n z a b>r5 
negation1 b z a s*eme (  positive       
religion2 exhibit+ bo? its *>act]i/ic   
fai?s1 &  some?+ ( ! modes ( ?\ght by   
:i* !y are rea*$4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,i4 ,9 ! fir/   
place1 ,,we ,,h ,,fai? 9 ! ,moral       
,p]ceptions (  ,man4 ,! consci5ce ) :i* 
he is end[$ enables him to  appreciate !
 di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong2 to und]/& 
!  mean+ ( ought1 & ought n2 to love &  
rev]e :atev]  is great & excell5t 9 "*1 
to abhor ! mean & base2 &  to feel t 9 !
 contra/ betwe5 ^! we h ! highe/ ord]  (
 diff]5ces by :i* m9d c be sep>at$ f    

m9d4 ,& on ?is  consci\sness1--! basis (
 our :ole responsible exi/5ce1--no      
suspicion is to be ca/2 no lam5tation   
ov] its fallibility1 no h9t  ( possible 
delusion1 is to pass unrebuk$2 x is     
wor?y ( absolute  reliance z !          
au?oritative oracle ( our nature1       
supreme ov] all  its faculties1--entitl$
 to use s5se1 memory1 und]/&+1 to       
regi/] its decrees1 )\t a mom5t's lic5se
 to dispute !m4 ,t  ,ju/ice1 ,m]cy1 &   
,tru? are good & v5]able1 is no matt] ( 
d\btful op9ion1 9 :i* p]adv5ture an     
error may be hid2--is n  ev5 a ?+ (     
c]ta9 inf]5ce1 recomm5d$ to u by ! =ce (
  evid5ce2--is n an empirical judgm5t1  
dep5d+ on !  pleasurabl5ess ( ^!        
qualities1 & capable ( rev]sal1 if1 "u  
"s tyrant sway1 !y 7 to be r5d]$ s\rces 
( mis]y4 ,!  approval :i* we aw>d to !m 
is q di/9ct f ass5t to a  sci5tific     
probability2 ! excell5ce :i* we ascribe 
to !m is n  id5tical ) _! comm& (       
happ9ess1 b altoge!r transc5ds  ?is1    
prec$es x1 & survives x2 ! obligation !y

 lay ^u u is  n ! consequ5ce ( positive 
law1 human or div9e1 or 9 any way  !    
creature ( sup]ior w2 = all free-w mu/  
itself possess a  moral quality1--c nev]
 /ir )\t ex]cis+ x1--& _c  !re=e give   
rise to t :i* is a prior condition ( its
 own  activity4 ,& if 7to pursue ! ?\ght
 sugge/$ above7 we c\ld be  snat*$ away 
to "s di/ant _w1 "s out-prov9ce ( !     
univ]se1 ab&on$ by ,god's bless$ sway to
 ! absolutism ( demons1  :]e selfi%ness 
& s5suality1 & hate & falsehood1 7      
protect$ & enjo9$ by public law1 x is   
cle> t1 by su*  emigration1 our int]e/s 
only1 & n our duties1 w\ld be rev]s$2  &
 t to rebel & p]i% 7 nobl] ?an to comply
 & live4 ,!  disc]nm5t ( moral          
di/9ctions1 !n1 belongs to ! v highe/   
ord] ( c]ta9ties2 x has its seat 9 our  
deepe/ reason1 among !  primitive /rata 
( ?\ght1 on :i* ! depositions ( k1  & ! 
accumulations ( judgm5t1 & ! surface    
gr[?s ( op9ion1  all repose4 ,z exp]i5ce
 9 ! pa/ has n taught x1 exp]i5ce 9  !  
future _c untea* x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5  

good & evil  we _c conceive to be m]ely 
relative1 & incid5tal to our po9t  (    
view1--v>iable ) ! locality & ! class 9 
:i* a be+  happ5s to re/1--an optical   
caprice ( ! atmosph]e 9 :i* we  live2--b
 r a prop]ty ( ! v light itself1 f\nd   
ev]y:]e out ( ! region ( absolute night2
 or1 at lea/1 a  natural impression1    
belong+ to t p]ceptive eye ( ! s\l1     
?r\gh :i* alone we c look out1 z ?r\gh a
 glass1 ^u all  be+s & all worlds2 & if 
any "o w say t ! glass is  color$1 x is1
 at all ev5ts1 ! t9t ( nature1 %$ on x  
by !  ineffaceable art ( ! ,creator4 ,! 
modes 9 :i* we ?9k ( moral  qualities   
are n t]re/rial peculi>ities ( idea1 l  
=eign  prejudices2 ! t]ms 9 :i* we speak
 ( !m are n untranslatable  prov9cial   
idioms1 vulg>ities ( our planet>y       
dialect1 b are  famili>1 l ! symbols ( a
 div9e sci5ce1 to e tribe (  s\ls1      
belong+ to ! language ( ! univ]se1 & /&+
  def9$ 9 ! vocabul>y ( ,god4 ,! laws ( 
"r are m  necess>ily univ]sal ?an !     
physical laws ( =ce2 & if ! same  ag5cy 

( gravitation t gov]ns ! ra9-drop       
det]m9es !  evolutions ( ! sky1 & !     
,pr9cipia ( ,newton w\ld be no less     
intelligible & true on ! r+ ( ,saturn   
?an 9 ! libr>ies (  ?is e>?1--yet m     
c]ta9 is x t ! pr9ciples ( moral        
excell5ce1 truly exp\nd$ = ! smalle/    
sph]e ( responsibility1  hold good1 by  
m]e ext5sion1 = ! l>ge/1 & t ^?         
s5tim5ts ( consci5ce :i* may give ord] &
 beauty to ! life  ( a *ild1 con/itute !
 bless$ness ( immortals1 & p5etrate !   
adm9i/ration ( ,god4 ,?is is :at we     
int5d1 :5 we insi/ on  implicit fai? 9 !
 moral p]ceptions ( man4 ,!y are to be  
assum$  by u z ! fix$ /ation1 ! gr&     
helioc5tric position1 :5ce  our survey (
 ! spiritual univ]se mu/ be made1 & our 
sy/em (  religion con/ruct$4 ,:atev]    
else may move1 "h1 z 9 creation's  c5tre
 ( gravity1 we take our ev]la/+ /&4     
,:atev] else be  d\btful1 ^! are to be  
simply tru/$4 ,! =ce ( c]ta9ty by  :i*  
nature & ,god give !m to ! consci5ce    
exce$s any by :i*1  ei!r ?r\gh ! und]/&+

 or ?r\gh ext]nal sup]natural           
communication1 !y might seem to be drawn
 away4 ,no revelation c\ld  p]suade me t
 :at ,i rev]e z j1 & good1 & holy1 is n 
v5]able1 any m ?an x c\ld conv9ce me t !
 midnight  heav5s are n sublime4    ,!re
 is no?+ to move u f ?is position1 9 !  
objection1 t  diff]5t m5 h diff]5t ideas
 ( "r & wrong1 & t !  h]oic de$s ( "o   
latitude are reg>d$ z ! crimes ( ano!r4 
,?is  moral discrepancy is1 9 ! fir/    
place1 inf9itely small 9 proportion  to 
! moral agreem5t ( mank9d1 s t x is ev5 
difficult to f9d  _m /rik+ examples ( x2
 & :5 ! subject is m5tion$1  ev]ybody   
expects to he> ! self-immolation ( !    
,indian wid[1 &  o!r sup]/itions ( !    
,ganges1 adduc$ z ! /&+  illu/rations4  
,:at1 aft] all1 are ^! ecc5tricities ( !
 moral  s5se1 comp>$ ) ! scale ( its    
common cons5t8 ,z well might y  d5y !   
exi/5ce ( an atmosph]e1 because y h f\nd
 ! air  exhau/$ f a pump6 ,:]e is !     
nation or ! individual1 )\t  ! rudim5ts1
 h[ev] imp]fectly unfold$1 ( ! same     

great ideas (  duty :i* we possess      
ourselves8--:]e ! language1 9 :i* !re   
are  no t]ms to d5ote good & evil1--! j1
 ! brave1 !  m]ciful8--:]e ! tribe s    
b>b>\s z n to li/51 ) e>ne/  eye1 to !  
/ory ( ! good ,sam>itan8 ,& if su* !re  
71 %\ld  we n call !m a p b little human
 7inhuman71 & deem !m1  n ! specim5s1 b 
! outlaws ( our nature8 ,moreov]1 !     
v>iances ( moral judgm5t are usually    
only app>5t & ext]nal4 ,!  action :i* "o
 man pron\nces wrong & ano!r "r1 is n ! 
same1 except ^u ! lips3 ent] ! m9ds ( ! 
two disputants1 &  y w f9d t x is only  
half tak5 into ! view ( ea*1 &  pres5ts 
to !m its opposite hemisph]es2 no wond] 
t x %[s !  d>kness ( guilt to ! "o1 & ! 
sun%9e ( virtue to ! o!r4  ,& accord+ly1
 ^! diff]5ces actually vani% z ! faculty
 (  consci5ce unfolds itself1 & ! scope 
( ! m9d is enl>g$4 ,l  ! discrepancies 9
 ! ideas :i* m5 h ( beauty1 !y exi/     
pr9cipally betwe5 ! uncultivat$ & !     
ref9$3 & !  well-develop$ p]ceptions ( !
 be/ 9 all ages & c\ntries visibly      

agree4 ,nay1 :ile yet ! discordance     
la/s1 x introduces no real  d\bt3 =     
heav5 has e/abli%$ a moral subord9ation 
among m51 :i*  reveals ! real tru? ( our
 own nature4 ,d we n always see1 t !    
l[] consci5ce b[s be=e ! high]2--t !    
he>t1 )\t light  or heat itself1 may be 
pi]c$1 z ) a fla%1 by a s5tim5t d>t$  f 
a l(ti] s\l1 & own x to be f above2--t1 
simply by ?is  natural allegiance ( !   
less] to ! nobl]1 classes & nations &   
sects are rais$ 9 dignity & moral       
greatness2--t !y1 & !y  only1 h _h any  
gr& & sublime exi/5ce 9 ! hi/ory ( !    
_w1 :o h be5 gift$ ) p[] to create a new
 religion1--a  fre% developm5t ( :at is 
holy & div9e2--& t e "o s  end[$ has    
always ga!r$ ar\nd him ! multitudes ev] 
pray+ to  be lift$ above ! level ( _!   
life1 & bless+ ! b5efactor :o  wakes up 
! consci\sness ( _! high] nature8 ,& if 
s1 !  g5]al direction ( ! moral s5tim5t 
is ! same1 h[ev] its  int5sity may v>y3 
& ! irregul> indications :i* x gives are
 n  due to any inh]5t vacillation1 b to 

! di/urb+ causes :i*  deflect x f !     
cele/ial l9e ( simplicity & tru?4    ,we
 keep our foot1 !n1 on ?is primitive    
f\ndation1--fai? 9 !  moral p]ceptions (
 man4 ,we say1 t we "k :at we mean1 :5  
we  affirm t a be+ is j1 pure1          
dis9t]e/$1 m]ciful2 t ^!  t]ms describe 
"o p>ticul> k9d ( "*1 & "o only2 t  !y h
 ! same s5se to :omsoev] !y are appli$1 
& are n  to be juggl$ )1 s z to d5ote q 
opposite =ms ( action &  disposition1   
accord+ z our disc\rse may be ( heav5 or
 ( e>?2  t :5ev] !y lose _! ord9>y &    
intelligible signification1  !y become  
s5seless2 & t :at w\ld be wrong & odi\s 
9 any  "o moral ag5t1 c be1 "u simil>   
relations1 "r & lovely 9  no o!r4 ,^!   
positions1 :i* we take to be fundam5tal1
 are 9  direct contradiction to !       
!ological maxims ) :i* mo/  *ur*es      
beg92--viz4 t human nature is s deprav$ 
t its  consci5ce has lo/ its disc]nm5t1 
sees ev]y?+ ?r\gh a  corrupt$ m$ium1 &  
des]ves no tru/2 t x may surr5d] its    
convictions to any?+ :i* c br+ fair     

hi/orical evid5ce (  its be+ a          
revelation2--9 o!r words1 t x may be "r 
to ?r[  away our ideas ( "r1 &1 9       
ob$i5ce to antiqu>ian witnesses1        
suppose x holy 9 ,god to design &       
execute a s*eme :i* x w\ld  be a crime 9
 man to imitate4 ,^! pr9ciples are      
def5d$ by !  ass]tion1 t ! relations ( !
 ,div9e & ! human be+ are s  diff]5t z  
to de/roy all ! analogies ( "* betwe5   
!m4  ,! only t5d5cy1 bo? ( ?is def5ce & 
( ! pr9ciples  !mselves1 is to absolute 
scepticism2--to a!i/ical scepticism1    
inasmu* z our propositions respect+     
,god1 if n true 9 ! pla9  human s5se1   
are to u true 9 no o!r1 & repres5t no?+2
 to  moral scepticism1 inasmu* z1 !     
s5tim5ts ( consci5ce be+  expos$ to     
di/ru/1 & all its language r5d]$        
unsettl$1 ! v  gr\nd on :i* human "* mu/
 plant itself is loos5$2 !  rock ( duty 
melts into wat] b5ea? our feet1 & we are
 ca/ into  ! waves ( impulse & caprice4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,,ii4 ,we h ,fai? 9 ! ,moral ,p]fection 

( ,god4 ,?is inde$ is a  pla9 consequ5ce
 ( our reliance on ! natural s5tim5ts ( 
duty4  ,= x is n1 we appreh5d1 by our   
logical1 b by our moral faculty1  t we h
 our k ( ,god2 & he :o mo/ confides 9 ! 
in/ructor w le>n ! sacr$ lesson be/4 ,t 
"o :om we may  call ! ,holie/ rules !   
univ]se1 is no discov]y made by !       
intellect 9 its excursions1 b a         
revelation f\nd by ! consci5ce  on      
retir+ into itself2 & ?\gh we may reason
 9 def5ce ( ?is  great tru?1 & ^!       
reason+s1 :5 con/ruct$1 may look        
conv9c+ en\gh1 !y are n1 we conceive1 ! 
s\rce1 b r  ! effect1 ( our belief1--n !
 =e?\ght :i* actually  prec$es &        
introduces ! ,fai?1 b ! aft]?\ght by :i*
 ,fai?  seeks to make a fri5d & an      
intimate ( ! und]/&+4 ,does any  "o     
hesitate to admit ?is1 & ?9k t our      
conceptions ( !  ,div9e "* are inf]5ces 
regul>ly drawn f obs]vation1--n  inde$  
obs]vation on ! m]e physical            
arrangem5ts1 b on ! moral  ph5om5a1 (   
our _w1--f ! traces ( a reg>d to "* 9  !

 adm9i/ration ( human life8 ,we w n at  
pres5t dispute !  conclusion2 b1 obs]v+ 
t ! premises :i* furni% x are  c]ta9    
moral exp]i5ces1 we rem>k t ! v p[] (   
receiv+ & appreciat+ ^!1 ( kn[+ :at !y  
are wor?1  belongs n to our sci5tific   
faculty1 b to our s5se ( ju/ice &  ( "r4
 ,on a be+ de/itute ( ?is !y w\ld make  
no impression2  & 9 precise proportion  
to ! int5sity ( ?is feel+ w be !        
vividness & =ce ( _! p]suasion4 ,& is x 
n pla9 9  fact1 t x is f> f be+ ! cle> &
 acute intellect1 b  r ! pure &         
transp>5t he>t1 t be/ disc]ns ,god8 ,h[ 
_m /rong & sagaci\s judgm5ts1 ( coole/  
capacity = ! j  e/imate ( argum5t1 nev] 
atta9 to any deep conviction ( a p]fect 
,deity6 ,nay1 h[ mu* does scepticism on 
?is great matt] seem to be  proportion$1
 n to ! obtus5ess1 b r to ! subtlety &  
se>*+ness ( ! m]e und]/&+8 ,b :5 0 x ev]
 kn[n  t ! s+ul>ly pure & simple he>t1 !
 e>ne/ & aspir+  consci5ce1 ! l(ty &    
dis9t]e/$ s\l1 _h no fai? 9 !  ,fir/    
fair & ! ,fir/ good8 ,philosophy at its 

ease1 ap>t f  ! real responsibilities & 
/rong battle ( life1 loses its div9]    
sympa?ies1 & lapses into ! scrupulosity 
( d\bt1 & f !  c5tre ( com=t weeps ov] !
 mis]ies ( e>?1 & !  que/ionable        
b5evol5ce ( heav52 :ile ! practically   
tri$ &  /ruggl+1 ) moral =ce gr[+ b5ea? 
! pressure ( cru%+  toil1 look up ) a   
refre%+ tru/1 & ) worn & ble$+ feet     
pant happily along to ! abodes ( ev]la/+
 love4 ,! moral  victor1 flu%$ ) triumph
 ov] temptation1 feels t ,god is on 8   
side1 & t ! _s ( ! univ]se is 9 sympa?y 
) 8 joy4  ,nev] did any "o sp5d himself 
9 ! s]vice ( man1 & yet despair  ( !    
b5ignity ( ,god4 ,our fai?1 !n1 9 !     
,div9e p]fection1  =ms & dis5gages      
itself f ! deeps ( consci5ce3 & !       
,holie/ t broods ov] u solemnly rises--!
 awful _s (  et]nity--f ! ocean ( our   
moral nature4    ,x is 9 con=mity ) ?is 
doctr9e ( ! moral orig9 ( our  belief 9 
! fir/ pr9ciples ( religion1 t to e man 
8 ,god  is 8 be/ & highe/1 ! embodim5t (
 t :i* ! believ]  himself conceives to  

be ! greate/4 ,! image :i* he =ms ( t   
,be+ may inde$ be gross & t]rible2 &    
o!rs may be %ock$1 &  exclaim t he      
tru/s1 n 9 a ,div9ity1 b 9 a ,fi5d3 b w 
! wor%ipp] himself p]ceive & ackn[l$ge  
?is8--w he n  indignantly d5y x8--w he n
 eag]ly v9dicate ! p]fection (  ! ,deity
 he s]ves8 ,he c d no o!rwise2 = he     
disc]ns no?+  m sublime1 & _c be conv9c$
 t t is l[ :i* /&s  at ! summit ( 8     
?\ghts4 ,?is uni=m ph5om5on 9 ! hi/ory  
( religion c\ld n exi/1 if human fai? 7 
an inf]5ce (  intellectual orig94 ,!re  
w\ld be no?+ !n to prev5t "s  m51 9 _!  
reason+s on ! probable "* ( ,god1 f     
assign+ to t "* a place b5ea? _! own    
conceptions (  :at is mo/ excell5t2 &   
amid ! inf9ite v>ieties (  speculation1 
_m =ms ( ?is op9ion w\ld und\bt$ly      
arise4 ,let  any "o1 !n1 :o diss5ts f ! 
acc\nt :i* we h giv51 ask  himself ?is  
"q3 ,:y is x1 t to discov] a blemi% 9 a 
div9ity is ! same ?+ z to r5\nce fai? 9 
him2 & t1 ev5  9 pagan times1 to assail 
! "* ( ! gods 0 ! con/ant  m>k ( an     

unbeliev+ age8 ,is x n cle> t1 by a     
con/ra9+  necessity ( our be+1 we are   
compell$ to reg>d ! godlike & !  p]fect 
z id5tical1 & to look to heav5 ?r\gh !  
eye ( our  moral nature8 ,! ,intellect  
alone1 l ! telescope wait+ = an  obs]v]1
 is q bl9d to ! cele/ial ?+s above x1--a
 dead  me*anism dipp$ 9 night1--ready to
 s]ve z ! dioptric glass1  spread+ !    
images ( light f ! ,inf9ite on ! t5d] & 
liv+ ret9a ( ,consci5ce4    ,if1 !n1 !re
 is no disc]nm5t ( ,deity except ?r\gh  
our moral  s5se1 ! importance ( confid+ 
9 ! p]ceptions ( t  s5se1--( r5d]+ our  
consci\sness ( !m vivid &  di/9ct1--& ! 
correspond+ mis*ief ( di/ru/+ &         
repudiat+ ^! our appo9t$                
in/ructors1--become evid5t4 ,fai? 9  !  
human consci5ce is necess>y to fai? 9 ! 
,div9e p]fection3  & ?is aga9 is !      
ne$ful prelude to ! belief 9 any special
  revelation4 ,=1 unless we are fir/    
assur$ ( ! tru? &  excell5ce ( ,god1 we 
_c tell t 8 communications may n        
deceive u1 giv+ u false notices ( ?+s1 &

 agitat+ u )  illusory hopes & fe>s4    
,?is might be appreh5d$ f a ,be+ (      
undet]m9$ b5evol5ce & integrity3 & t ?is
 idea ( a  m5daci\s revelation has nev] 
s]i\sly ent]$ ! m9ds ( m51  is a /rong  
pro( ( _! natural & necess>y fai? 9 !   
rectitude & goodness ( ! ,div9e         
,adm9i/rator ( creation4 ,?is  ,moral   
,p]fection ( ,god be+ assum$ z a        
po/ulate 9 ! v idea  ( a ,revelation1 no
 sy/em ( religion :i* contradicts x c be
  admitt$ z cr$ible on any t]ms4    ,n[ 
! :ole s*eme ( ,r$emption1 z x is       
repres5t$ 9 ! popul>  !ology1 appe>s to 
u to fall "u ?is condemnation4 ,"u !    
names ( ,ju/ice1 ,sanctity1 ,m]cy1 x    
ascribes to ! ,all-p]fect a  c\rse (    
s5tim5t & ( practice :i*--x is          
und5iable--no o!r  moral ag5t1 plac$ 9  
analog\s relations1 c\ld adopt )\t !    
deepe/ guilt4 ,! ,hol9ess ( ,god1 s (t5 
adduc$ to ju/ify !  sev]ities ( ?is     
s*eme1 we w\ld yield to no "o 9 e>ne/ly 
ma9ta9+2 believ+1 z we d1 t 8 abhorr5ce 
( moral evil is  absolute & ev]la/+1 8  

resi/ance to x real & true1 & 8  love ( 
excell5ce simply inf9ite z 8 nature4 ,b 
purity ( m9d  does n express itself by  
implacable v5geance aga9/ ! impure1 or  
oblige its possessor to engage himself 9
 physically smit+ !m1--mu*  less limit  
him ?r\gh all et]nity to ?is mode (     
adm9i/ration4  ,r does x incl9e away f a
 treatm5t :i* too (t5 adds only  torm5t1
 & removes no guilt1--:i* makes no      
advance t[>ds !  bless$ dispositions x  
loves1--:i* fev]s & p>*es in/ead (      
cool+ & melt+ ! passions ( a culprit    
nature4 ,x is a co>se &  wret*$ error to
 suppose t angui% is a specific = s91 to
 !  incessant infliction ( :i* ! ,s9less
 is b\nd4 ,god nev] dep>ts  inde$ f 8   
devotion to ! laws ( goodness1 & 8      
design (  call+ wid] & wid] virtue into 
exi/5ce3 b he pursues !m )  ! f]tility (
 8 inf9ite free-w2--n[ by ! sev]ities ( 
8  displeasure1--n[ by ! op5ness ( 8    
=giv5ess1--n[ by !  solicitations ( 8   
love4 ,8 purpose1 z "o ^: p]fection is n
  m]ely spotless1 b active & productive1

 _c be1 z "s  ,*ri/ians seem to say1 !  
p5al publication ( 8 p]sonal (f5ce      
aga9/ ! insult]s ( 8 law1 b ! spread &  
cultivation  ?r\gh\t 8 spiritual univ]se
 ( pure & high affections3 &  :5ev] !   
new g]ms ( ^! appe> 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,"l1 no
  v]nal sun%9e or summ] dews c m g5tly  
*]i% ! bur/+  fl[]1 ?an does 8 m]cy fo/]
 ! fair & e>ly gr[?4 ,!  ass]tion t ,god
 _c p>don & recall to goodness till he  
has  exp5d$ 8 tortures ^u ! evil1 seems 
to u a pla9 d5ial ( 8  moral excell5ce4 
,!ologians speak z if !re 7 "s crime1 or
 at  lea/ "s weakness1 9 ! clem5cy :i*  
freely receives a rep5tant  creature    
into favor2 z if ! m]cy :i* exacts no   
p5alty1 :5  p5alty is no long] ne$$1 7  
an amiable imbecility ( human nature1   
:i* only a loose-pr9cipl$ & unholy be+ c
 ex]cise6 z if  absolute un=giv5ess 7 ! 
p]fection ( sanctity6 ,true1 ?is is     
disclaim$ 9 words2 & ! ,et]nal ,fa!r is 
call$ m]ciful1 =  remitt+ ! s9n]'s doom 
& transf]r+ ! burd5 ( 8 guilt to  a     
victim div9e & pure4 ,b surely ?is      

disclaim] is m insult+  to our moral    
s5se ?an ! accusation4 ,=1 ei!r ?is     
transf]5ce (  righte\sness & guilt is a 
m]e figure ( spee*1 d5ot+ only t1  f !  
dea? on ,calv>y1 ,god took *ronological 
occasion to pass 8  own spontane\s      
p>don1 & set up ! cross to m>k ! date ( 
8  volition2 or else1 if ! vic>i\sness  
be n ?is m]e pret5ce1 x  describes an   
outrage ^u ! fir/ pr9ciples ( rectitude1
 a reckless  disreg>d ( all moral       
consid]ations1 f ! ?\ght ( :i* we are   
a/oni%$ t all good m5 d n recoil4    ,we
 press once m ! "q :i* has nev] be5     
answ]$3 ,h[ is  ! alleg$ immorality (   
lett+ (f ! s9n] m5d$ by ! add$  crime ( 
p5ally cru%+ ! ,s9less8 ,( :at man--(   
:at  angel--c\ld su* a ?+ be report$1   
)\t rais+ a cry (  indignant %ame f !   
univ]sal human he>t8 ,:at %\ld we ?9k  (
 a judge :o %\ld dis*>ge ! felons f !   
prisons ( a city1  because "s noble &   
g5]\s citiz5 (f]$ himself to !          
execution] in/ead8 ,& if ?is w\ld be    
b>b>ity bel[1 x _c  be hol9ess above4   

,moral excell5ce & beauty1 we repeat1   
are no  local gr[?s1 *ang+ _! species ) 
e clime2 nor are !  poison\s we$s ( ?is 
out] region ! *os5 adornm5ts (  p>adise4
 ,! pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & ,"r embrace   
all be+s &  all times1 &1 l !           
inde/ructible conception ( space1 atta* 
!mselves to our contemplation ( objects 
)9 ! remote/  inf9itude4 ,x is no m     
possible t :at w\ld be evil 9 man  %\ld 
be good 9 ,god1 ?an t a circle on e>?   
%\ld be a squ>e  9 heav54 ,hav+ fai?1   
!n1 9 ! absolute p]fection ( our        
,creator1 we d>e ascribe to ,him no?+   
:i* revolts ! secret  consci5ce ,he has 
giv5 u4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,,iii4 ,! relation :i*   
?us subsi/s betwe5 ! human consci5ce &  
! ,div9e excell5ce leads u to av[1 9 !  
next place1 a ,,fai? 9  ! /rictly ,div9e
 & ,inspir$ ,"* ( our own highe/        
,desires  & be/ ,affections4 ,we d n    
mean by ?is1 t ^! affections  are (     
miracul\s orig92 t _! appe>ance breaks  
?r\gh any  regul> law2 or t !y d n      

belong to our own nature s z to  =m an  
integrant "p ( its hi/ory2 or t !y d n  
arise  spontane\sly )9 x1 b require to  
be precipitat$ ^u x f  )\t4 ,!y are z   
mu* prop]ties ( our own m9ds1 z our     
selfi%ness & s93 we are consci\s ( !m1 &
 s !y _c  b be p>ts ( our p]sonality4#be
 ,b 9 admitt+ !m to be  human1 ,i d n   
d5y t !y are div9e3 9 reg>d+ !m z       
indig5\s to our creat$ _s1 ,i d n treat 
!m z =eign to  ! ,creator's2 nor is !re 
any inconsi/5cy 9 believ+ !m to be      
simultane\sly dome/icat$ ) bo?4 ,t :i*  
is includ$ )9  ! m9d ( man1 is n !re=e  
exclud$ f ! m9d ( ,god2  mu* less is x  
true t occurr5ces agreeable to ! ord] ( 
nature  are1 by t circum/ance1          
disqualifi$ f be+ held ! imm$iate       
products ( ! ,heav5ly ,w4 ,! ,supreme   
,cause1 s f> f be+  %ut out by 8 own    
second>y causes & natural laws1 has n[  
at  lea/ no resid5ce1 no activity1 no   
exi/5ce1 except )9 !m2 ,he  cov]s1      
p5etrates1 fills !m2 ?9ks1 speaks1      
executes1 ?r\gh  !m1 z ! m$ia ( 8       

volition3 & ,8 en]gy & !irs n  only may 
co9cide1 b ev5 mu/ coalesce4 ,he is n to
 be br\ght  d[n f 8 univ]sal dom9ion to 
! rank ( "o ( ! physical  causes active 
9 creation1 do+ t only :i* ! o!rs h left
  undone4 ,w any "o /& ) me by !        
midnight sea1 &1 because  ! tides 9 !   
deep bel[ hang ^u ! moon 9 ! heav5s     
above1  =bid me to he> 9 _! sweep ! v   
voice ( ,god1 & tell me  t1 :ile !y roll
 untir$ on1 ,he sleeps ?r\gh ! sil5t    
vault  ar\nd me8 ,x is by ! law (       
gravitation t ! planets f9d an  un]r+   
track 9 ! des]t space2 & is x false1 !n1
 t ,he  leade? !m =? ) 8 f+]1 & bids u  
note1 9 pl$ge (  8 punctuality1 t n "o  
faile?8 ,is !re any error 9  ascrib+ ! v
 same ev5t at "o "t to gravitation1 at  
ano!r  to ,god8 ,c]ta9ly n2 = ?is is b  
"o ( ! =ms ( 8  p]sonal activity4 ,& x  
is ! same 9 ! _w ( ,m9d2 its  natural   
laws d n exclude1 b1 on ! contr>y1      
include1 ! direct  ,div9e ag5cy3 & ?\gh 
my ?\ght1 or hope1 or love1 _c be  y\rs1
 !y may yet be ,god's2 n emanations f ! 

,god )\t  u1 b inspirations ( ! ,god )94
 ,:y %\ld we />t to ?9k  t !re is a "p (
 u :i* is div9e8--:y image to ourselves 
a  di/ant1 ext]nal1 contemplative ,god1 
see+ all ?+s & t\*+  no?+1 gaz+ on !    
unconsci\s evolutions ( ?+s1 z !  retir$
 ,me*ani/ ( nature8--:y en?rone ,him 9 !
 in]tness (  dead space1 )\t ev5 a sacr$
 function !re1 & exclude ,him f  ! tri$1
 & tempt$1 & ev]-trembl+ s\l ( ,man8 ,if
 we f\nd  ,him n at home 9 ! secret     
places ( /rife & sorr[1 va9ly  %\ld we  
w&] to seek ,him 9 ! cold] regions (    
nature abroad4  ,we h no sympa?y ) any  
sy/em :i* d5ies ! doctr9e ( a  ,holy    
,_s2 :i* disc]ns no?+ div9e 9 ! high]   
exp]i5ces  ( human nature2 :i* owns no  
black abyss & no heav5ly heights 9  !   
s\l ( man1 b only a flat1 common1 midway
 region1 nei!r v  f\l nor v fair1--well 
en\gh = ! /reets ( traffic1 b  )\t a    
m\nt ( vision & ( pray]4 ,no?+ noble1   
no?+ great1  has ev] come f a fai? :i*  
did n deeply rev]5ce ! s\l1  & /& 9 awe 
( x z ! seat ( ,god's own dwell+1 !     

pres5ce-*amb] ( 8 sanctity1--! focus ( t
 inf9ite  :isp]+-gall]y :i* ! univ]se   
spreads ar\nd u4    ,nor c we d\bt at   
:at po9t ( our own nature we mu/ /&1 9  
ord] to he> ! voice & feel ! inspiration
 ( ! ,et]nal4 ,!  pure 9 he>t--ea* 9    
proportion to 8 purity--see ,him4 ,our  
,consci5ce1 our ,moral ,p]ceptions1 z we
 h se51 are our only  reveal]s ( ,god4  
,9 proportion to _! cle>ness d we disc]n
 ,him2  & beh9d ! cl\ds t obscure !m1   
,he becomes dim1 & vani%es  away4 ,!    
aspirations ( duty1 ! love ( excell5ce1 
!  dis9t]e/$ & holy affections1 ( :i* e 
good he>t is  consci\s1 con/itute our   
aff9ity ) ,him1--by :i* we "k ,him1 z  l
 kn[s l3 !y are ! expression ( 8 m9d1 ! 
p5cil (  rays by :i* ,he pa9ts 8 image  
on our spiritual nature4 ,god is  relat$
 to our s\l1 l ! sun 9 a /ormy sky to ! 
w9d[$  cells 9 :i* mortals live2 & z we 
sit at our "w 9 ! *amb]  ( consci5ce or 
( love1 ! bur/ ( brilliancy or ! sudd5  
gloom  )9 reports to u ! cle>-%9+ or !  
cl\d ( ! heav5  )\t4 ,nor c any         

philosophy1 falsely s call$1 p]man5tly  
expel  ?is conviction f ! ,*ri/ian he>t4
 ,e dev\t & e>ne/  m9d naturally feels t
 its selfi%ness & s9 are ( ! e>?1       
e>?y1--! mo/ (f5sive ( all attitudes to 
,god1--! infatuat$  turn+ ( ! back to   
,him3 &1 on ! o!r h&1 welcomes ! fre%   
gl[ ( pure ,resolve1 ! he>t-felt sob (  
,p5it5ce1 ! glori\s  ,c\rage t slays    
,temptation at 8 feet1--ea* z ! graci\s 
gift  ( a div9e /r5g?1 & ! au!ntic voice
 ( ! ,inspir]1 ,god4 ,by  ?is natural   
fai? 7natural1 h[ev]1 only to ! ,*ri/ian
 m9d7 we  are prep>$ to abide2 &1 ) !   
,apo/le ,paul1 to own ourselves1  n )\t 
deep awe1 ! v temple ( ! ,holie/4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,iv4 ,we h said1 t 9 ! ,consci5ce &    
,moral ,affections we h  our only       
reveal]s ( ,god4 ,let x be und]/ood t we
 mean our  only int]nal reveal]s ( ,him2
 ! only faculty ( our nature  capable ( 
furni%+ u ) ! idea & belief ( ,him1 )   
any  p]ception ( 8 "*1 & allegiance to 8
 w4 ,we mean to  /ate t1 )\t ?is        

faculty1 ! b>e intellect1 ! m]e         
sci5tific & reason+ p[]1 c\ld make no   
way t[>ds !  k ( div9e realities2 c\ld  
nev]1 by any sy/em ( helps  :atsoev]1 be
 tra9$ or guid$ into ?is k1 any m ?an1  
9 ! abs5ce ( ! prop] s5se1 ! e> ( ! bl9d
 c be  taught to see2 & t nature1 life1 
hi/ory1 miracle1  not)/&+ _! mo/ s$ul\s 
discipl9e1 w\ld leave u utt]ly  9 ! d>k 
ab\t religion1 except s f> z !y address$
 !mselves  to our consci\sness ( :at is 
holy1 j1 beautiful1 & great4 ,b  we d n 
mean to /ate t ! ,moral ,s5se c /&      
alone1  disp5se ) all outw>d in/ruction1
 & supply a man ) a natural  religion   
ready made4 ,nor d we mean t ! e-day    
exp]i5ce (  man1 & ! ord9>y provid5ce ( 
,god1 are en\gh1 )\t special            
revelation1 to lead u to heav5ly tru?4  
,& we are !re=e  prep>$ to advance ano!r
 /ep1 & to say1 t1 :ile reg>d+  ! human 
consci5ce z ! only inw>d reveal] ( ,god1
 we h ,,fai?  9 ,,*ri/ z 8 p]fect &     
transc5d5t outw>d revelation4 ,we       
conceive t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? liv$ & di$1 

n to p]suade !  ,fa!r1 n to appease !   
,fa!r1 n to make a sangu9>y  pur*ase f !
 ,fa!r1 b simply to %[ u ! ,fa!r2 to    
leave ^u ! human he>t a new1 deep1 vivid
 impression ( :at ,god  is 9 himself1 & 
( :at he designs = 8 creature1 man2 to  
become1 9 %ort1 ! accept$ int]pret] (   
heav5 & life4 ,&  ?is he a*iev$1 9 !    
only way ( :i* we c conceive z          
practicable1 by a new disclosure 9 8 own
 p]son ( all t is holy  & godlike 9     
"*1--/>tl+ ! human s\l ) ! sudd5        
app>ition ( a be+ div9] f> ?an x _h yet 
beheld1 & lift+  its fai? at once into q
 ano!r & pur] region4 ,if x be true1  z 
we h v5tur$ to affirm1 t to e man 8 ,god
 is 8  be/1 y c by no means give to 8   
fai? a high] ,god1 till y  h giv5 to 8  
he>t a bett] be/1--till y h t\*$ him  ) 
a pr(\nd] s5se ( sanctity & excell5ce1 &
 purifi$ &  enl>g$ ! p]ceptions ( 8     
consci5ce4 ,nor c y d ?is1  except by   
pres5t+ him ) nobl] models1 ) ! liv+ =m 
( a  fair] & sublim] goodness1 visibly  
transc5d+ e object ( 8  previ\s rev]5ce4

 ,no v]bal tea*+1 no didactic rules1 c  
trans=m any man's moral ta/e1 & place   
be=e 8 m5tal view a  loveli] & tru]     
image ( p]fection3 z well might y hope1 
by  def9ition1 & precept1 & book-wisdom1
 to tra9 an arti/ ) a  s\l l ,raffaelle1
 or an eye l ,claude4 ,b only give !    
glori\s  model to ! m9d1 produce ! mo/  
f9i%$ excell5ce & h>mony1  & our        
in/9ctive sympa?y ) goodness feels &    
disc]ns x  in/antly1 &1 ?\gh unable to  
conceive x inv5tively be=eh&1           
recognizes x rev]5tly aft]w>ds4 ,& s    
,*ri/1 /&+ 9  solit>y greatness1 &      
inve/$ ) unapproa*able sanctity1 op5s   
at once ! eye ( consci5ce to p]ceive &  
"k ! pure & holy  ,god1 ! ,fa!r t dwelt 
9 him & made him s full ( tru? &  grace4
 ,him t rules 9 heav5 we c 9 no wise    
believe to be less  p]fect ?an t :i* is 
mo/ div9e on e>?2 ( any?+ m  p]fect ?an 
! meek yet maje/ic ,jesus1 no he>t c ev]
 dream4  ,&1 accord+ly1 ev] s9ce he     
visit$ our e>? ) bless+1 !  s\l (       
,*ri/5dom has wor%ipp$ a ,god resembl+  

him1--a ,god (  :om he 0 ! image &      
imp]sonation2--&1 !re=e1 n !  ,god ( :i*
 philosophy dreams1--a m]e ,inf9ite     
physical ,=ce1  )\t spirituality1 )\t   
love1 *iefly engag$ 9 :irl+ !  fly-:eel 
( nature1 & su/a9+ ! mat]ial ord] ( !   
heav5s1  & weav+ 9 ! secret work%op (   
creation new textures ( life  & beauty2 
n ! ,god ( :i* natural !ology speaks1 ! 
m]e  *ief ( +5i\s me*anicians1 m        
optical1 & dynamical1 &  ar*itectural1  
?an our mo/ skilful eng9e]s1--a cold    
intellectual  ,be+1 9 ! sev]e imm5sity &
 immutability ( ^: m9d all w>m  emotions
 are absorb$ & dissolv$2 n ! ,god (     
,calv9ism1  creat+ a race ) c]ta9       
=esight ( ! et]nal damnation ( !  _m1 & 
aga9/ ! few refus+ to relax 8 fr[n      
except at !  spectacle ( blood2--b !    
,inf9ite ,_s1 s holy1 s  affectionate1 s
 pitiful1 :om ,jesus felt to be 9 him z 
8  ,inspir]2 :o passes by no w\nds ( s9 
or sorr[2 :o /ills !  w9ds & waves (    
t]ror1 to ! p]i%+ t call on him 9 fai?2 
:o /ops ! procession ( our grief1 & bids

 b]eav$ affection  weep no m1 b wait ^u 
! voice t ev5 ! dead obey2 :o  sca!s !  
hypocrite ) ! lightn+ ( conviction1 &   
p]mits  ! p5it5t to wa% 8 feet ) te>s2  
:o reckons mo/ 8 own !  g5tle/ foll[]1 t
 re/s ! head & turns up ! tru/ful eye   
on him2 & b5ds t look ( pi]c+ love ^u ! 
guilty :i*  be/ rebukes ! guilt4 ,jesus 
has giv5 u a fai? nev] held be=e1  &    
/ill too mu* obscur$1 9 !               
affectionat5ess ( ! ,great  ,rul]2 has  
made ,him our own dome/ic ,god1 ^: ample
 home encircles  all1 leav+ n ! solit>y1
 ! s9n]1 or ! sad )\t a place  9 !      
mansions ( 8 h\se2 has wrapp$ u 9 !     
,div9e imm5sity  )\t fe>1 & bid u claim 
! w>m sun 9 heav5 z our ,pat]nal  he>?1 
& ! vault ( ! pure sky z our protect+   
ro(4    ,we h spok5 ( ,*ri/'s p]sonal   
repres5tation1 9 8 own "*  & practical  
life1 ( ! _s ( ! ,div9e ,m9d1 & h       
expla9$  h[ 9 ?is way we believe t he   
has %[n u ! ,fa!r4 ,?is1  h[ev]1 is n   
all4 ,8 direct tea*+s1 p]fectly 9 h>mony
 )  8 life1 confirm & ext5d its lessons2

 & we li/51 ) v5]at+  fai?1 to 8        
inimitable exposition ( all div9e tru?4 
,purity ( s\l  makes ! mo/ wond]ful     
discov]ies 9 heav5ly ?+s1 & is inde$  ! 
pellucid atmosph]e ?r\gh :i* ! remot]   
lights ( ,god are  spiritually disc]n$4 
,z we h said1 ! k ( him :i* any  m9d 7be
 x ( man or ( angel7 may possess1 is j  
proportion$ to its  sanctity3 & our     
,messiah1 hav+ ! v highe/ sanctity1 0   
enabl$  to speak ) ! highe/ & mo/       
au?oritative k1 & 0  inspir$ to be our  
infallible guide1 n p]haps 9 trivial    
que/ions (  lit]>y int]pretation1 or    
sci5tific fact1 or hi/orical            
expectation1  b 9 all ! deep & solemn   
relations on :i* our sanctification &   
immortal bless$ness dep5d4 ,& bo? to 8  
p]son & to 8 tea*+s  d ! miracles ( 8   
life1 ! trag$y ( 8 crucifixion1 & !     
glory ( 8 resurrection1 articulately    
call ! att5tion ( all ages1  z ) ! voice
 ( ,god4 ,9 e way we disc]n 9 ,*ri/ !   
transc5d5t revelation ( ! ,mo/ ,high4   
,we are told1 t ?is is to  di%onor      

,*ri/4 ,we ?9k x1 h[ev]1 a m glori\s    
honor to him1  to be ?us indissolubly   
fold$ )9 ! intimacy ( ! ,fa!r's love1   
?an to be bla/$ by ! tempe/ ( 8 wra?2   
nor c\ld we ev] tru/  & v5]ate a ,god   
:o--l ! b>b>ians 9 ! judgm5t-hall--c\ld 
smite t meek lamb ( heav5 ) "o rude bl[ 
( v5geance4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,v4 ,b we ha/5  
to obs]ve1 f9ally1 t ,,we ,,h ,,fai? 9  
,,human  ,,immortality1 z exemplifi$ 9 !
 heav5ly life to :i* ,jesus  asc5d$4 ,to
 assure u ( ?is great tru?1 x 7 en\gh t 
,jesus  assum$ & taught x2 t x 0 8 great
 po/ulate1 ess5tial to  ! developm5t ( 8
 own "*1 & to all 8 views ( !  purposes 
( life1--an integrant "p ( 8 insight    
into human  responsibility & 8 v]sion ( 
human duty4 ,= if he did n  tea* !      
reality ( ,god 9 ?is matt]1 sure we are 
t none else  has ev] done s2 & mo/ (    
all1 t ! sceptics :o d\bt !  heav5ly    
futurity h no claim to take 8 place z   
our in/ructors4  ,= if ?is hope 7 a     
delusion1 :o w\ld ! mi/ak5 be8 ,w  any  

"o tell me1 t ! voluptu>y1 :o1 f        
ab&onm5t to !  body1 _c imag9e !        
p]petuity ( ! _s2--t ! selfi%1  :o1     
look+ at ! meanness ( 8 own nature1 sees
 no?+ wor?  immortaliz+2--t ! cont5t$   
,epicurean1 :o1 9 prud5t quietude  (    
s5se & sympa?y1 f9ds adequate           
satisfaction 9 ?is mortal  life2--t !   
cold speculator1 :o looks at ! f\l] side
 ( human  nature1 &1 %[+ u on its       
features ! pallor ( s5sualism or  ! h>d 
l9es ( guilt1 deems x less fit = !      
duration ( !  angel ?an = ! ext9ction ( 
! brute2--t ^! m5 are  "r2 :ile ,*ri/1  
:o walk$ )\t despair ?r\gh ! deepe/     
haunts ( s91 ) fai? t succumb$ n to     
wret*$ness &  wrong1 b /ood up & conqu]$
 !m2 :o embrac$ our :ole nature  9 8    
love1 & display$ x 9 its p]fectness2 :o 
liv$ & di$  9 its utmo/ s]vice1 ) pray]s
 & te>s & blood2 to :om our  mo/ b9d+   
affections cl+ almo/ ) wor%ip z ! holie/
 glory  ( our _w2--t he c\ld be "u a    
delusion "h8--t :51  s9k+ 9 tru/ful     
dea?1 he laid 8 meek head to re/ on !   

bosom  ( ! ,fa!r1 he 0 ca/ (f1 & dropp$ 
on ! cold clod8--t he  sobb$ into !     
,inf9ite by night ) a va9 love t met no 
answ]8--t ,god r takes "p 9 8 provid5ce 
) !  mean-s\l$1 ! cynic1 ! morbid1 !    
selfi%8 ,!re is no great]  impossibility
 ?an ?is1 on :i* evid5ce c fall back4   
,nay1 we  confess t1 ev5 ap>t f 8       
doctr9e1 ! m]e mortal hi/ory (  ,*ri/   
w\ld h settl$ ) u ! "q ( futurity4 ,= ! 
great ess5tial to ?is belief is a       
suffici5tly elevat$ e/imate (  human    
nature3 no man w ev] d5y its immortality
 :o has a deep  impression ( its        
capacity = s great a de/9y4 ,& ?is      
impression  is s vividly giv5 by ! life 
( ,jesus1--he pres5ts an image ( !  s\l 
s gr&1 s div9e1--z utt]ly to dw>f all ! 
dim5sions (  its pres5t c>e]1 & to      
necessitate a heav5 = its reception4 ,at
  all ev5ts1 x is all[able to feel ?is1 
:5 we see t ?is  natural sequel 0       
actually & p]ceptibly app5d$2 t ?is     
,holy  ,"o ( ,god c\ld n see corruption1
 b rose1 above ! rea* (  mortal ill1 to 

! _w :]e n[ he welcomes ! s\ls ( !      
sa9t$ dead4 ,t o!r life we take to be a 
sc5e = ! m9d's  ampl] & ampl]           
developm5t1 ap>t f ^? animal & selfi%   
elem5ts :i* n[ de=m & degrade x by _!   
excess4 ,& ?is  alone1 if !re 7 no?+    
else1 w\ld r5d] x a life ( awful        
retribution4 ,= to ! wick$1 :at is ?is  
loss ( ! natural  man1 b total b]eavem5t
 & utt] dea? ( joy8--:at to ! good1  b a
 glad & sacr$ bir?8--to ! "o1 a         
,prome!an exile on a  mid-rock 9 ! ocean
 ( night1 "u ! bite ( a remorse t gnaws 
impalpably1 felt always1 b nev] se51--to
 ! o!r1 a welcome to  ! lov+ homes ( !  
ble/1 amid ! sun%9e ( ! ev]la/+  hills8 
,yet precisely because we believe 9     
,retribution1 d we tru/ 9  ,re/oration4 
,! v abhorr5ce ) :i* a man's bett] m9d  
ev]  looks ^u 8 worse1 :ile x inflicts 8
 puni%m5t1 beg9s 8  cure3 & we c nev]   
all[ t ,god w susp5d ?is natural law    
impress$ by himself on our spiritual    
con/itution1 m]ely 9 ord] to  /op !     
process ( moral recov]y1 & specially    

enable him to  ma9ta9 ! et]nity ( torm5t
 & ( s94 ,& s1 beyond ! d>k  close (    
life rise be=e u ! awful contra/s (     
retribution2 &  9 ! f>!r di/ance1 ! dim 
b glori\s vision ( a purifi$1  r$eem$1 &
 progressive univ]se ( s\ls4            
99       99       99       99       99  
,"h1 !n1 are our ,five ,po9ts (         
,*ri/ianity1 consid]$ z a  sy/em (      
positive religi\s doctr9e1 viz43--#a/4  
,! tru? ( !  ,moral ,p]ceptions 9       
man1--n1 z ! deg5]ate *ur*es ( our day  
tea*1 _! pravity & bl9dness2 #b;dly4 ,! 
,moral ,p]fection ( !  "* ( ,god1--9    
opposition to ! doctr9e ( 8 ,arbitr>y   
,decrees & ,absolute ,self-w2 #c;dly4 ,!
 ,natural awak5+ ( !  ,div9e ,_s )9     
u1--r ?an its ,pret]natural             
communication  f )\t2 #d?ly4 ,*ri/1 !   
pure ,image & highe/ ,revelation (  !   
,et]nal ,fa!r1--n 8 ,victim & 8         
,contra/2 #e?ly4 ,a  univ]sal           
,immortality aft] ! model ( ,*ri/'s     
heav5ly life2 an  immortality n (       
caprici\s & select salvation1 )         

unimag9able  torm5t z ! g5]al lot1 b1 = 
all1 a life ( spiritual  developm5t1 (  
retribution1 ( re/oration4    ,to !     
,moral doctr9e :i*1 9 our view1 !       
,gospel conjo9s )  ?is religi\s sy/em1 x
 is impossible = u at pres5t to adv]t4  
,suffice to say t1 ) ,paul1 we exclaim1 
n ,law1 b  ,love3--love to ,god1 to     
,*ri/1 n simply = :at !y h done  = u1 b 
*iefly = :at !y are 9 !mselves2--no?+ l 
!  n>r[-he>t$ gratitude = an exclusive  
salvation1 b a moral  affection awak5$  
by _! hol9ess1 rectitude1 tru?1 &       
m]cy1--by  ! sublimity & spirituality ( 
_! designs1 & ! sanctity &  fidelity (  
_! execution3 love also to man1 look+ to
 him n  m]ely z a s5ti5t be+ :o is to be
 made happy1 b z a *ild  ( ,god1 :o is  
to be rais$ into "s lik5ess to ! ,div9e 
image2 z  a bro!r _s1 noble 9 nature1   
ev5 ?\gh s9ful 9 fact1  glori\s z an    
immortal 9 ! eye ( ,god1 ?\gh disfigur$ 
by ?is  _w's h>d%ip or contempt4        
,does any "o ask1 :]e we get our sy/em (
 fai? & morals8 ,:at  are ! pr9ciples ( 

reason+ :i* we apply to nature &        
,scripture  to extract x !nce8 ,! reply 
w\ld require a volume ( exposition4     
,suffice x to say1 t we ?9k we h full   
w>rant = ?is belief  f ! ,scriptures ( !
 ,new ,te/am5t1 ) :i* alone we conceive 
t ,*ri/ians h any practical conc]n2 t1 9
 int]pret+ ^!  ,scriptures1 we foll[ !  
same rules :i* we %\ld apply to any o!r 
books2 t n ev5 c\ld _! in/ructions make 
u false to t  s5se ( "r & wrong :i* ,god
 has brea!d into u2 t if !y  taught     
respect+ him any?+ unju/ or unholy1 we  
%\ld n accept  x1 b reject !m2 & t1 z to
 ! po9ts ( fai? on :i* we  h dwelt1 "s  
receive ^! tru?s because !y 7 taught by 
,*ri/2 o!rs receive ,*ri/ because he    
taught ^! tru?s4    ,on ?is fai? we     
desire to take our /&1 ) ! firmness1 b  
)\t ! f]ocity1 ( ! fir/ ,re=m]s4 ,oppos+
 *ur*es tell  u1 we are s frigid6 ,:y1 x
 is ! v ?+ our own he>ts _h  (t5 said to
 u2 = !re is no?+ t s promptly rebukes !
  coldness ( our nature z ! w>m? ( our  
fai?4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1  mu* admire ?is   

mutual criticism ( ea* o!r's temp]ature2
 &  /rongly suspect ! reality ( t       
e>ne/ness :i* prides itself  on its own 
int5sity4 ,we mu/ n propose to assume   
any artificial  heats1 9 ord] to spite &
 disprove ?is frequ5t accusation2 b be  
resolv$1 9 an age diseas$ ) pret5ce1 to 
rema9 realities1 to  pr(ess no?+ :i* we 
d n believe1 to )hold no?+ :]eon  we    
d\bt1 to affect no?+ :i* we d n feel1 to
 promise no?+  :i* we w n d2 hold+1 )   
,paul1 t simplicity &  s9c]ity are truly
 ! godlie/ ( ?+s4 ,) ,heav5's good help1
  may we be> our te/imony ?us2 deem+ x a
 small ?+ to be judg$  by man's judgm5t2
 &1 ) su* light & heat z ,god %all put  
into  our he>ts1 deliv]+ ov] our portion
 ( tru? to g5]ations t  w give x a m    
g5ial welcome4 ,!re is greatness 9 a    
fai?1  :5 x c w9 a wide success or make 
rapid conque/ ov] submissive  m9ds4 ,!re
 is a high] greatness 9 a fai? t1 :5    
,god orda9s1  c /& up & d )\t           
success2--unmov$ amid ! pitiless /orms  
( a fanatic age2 ) foot ^u ! rock ( its 

own fidelity1 &  he>t 9 ! s]5e ,inf9ite 
above ! canopy ( cl\d & tempe/4         
,,footnote3    #be ,p]haps we %\ld r    
say1 !y _c be ali5 to our  nature4 ,! ^w
 p]sonality is us$ by philosophical     
writ]s to  d5ote t :i* is peculi>1 z    
well z ess5tial1 to our  individual     
self4 ,9 ?is /rict s5se ! moral &       
spiritual  affections are imp]sonal1    
accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! context1  :i*  
treats !m z con/itut+ a p>ticipation 9 !
 ,div9e  nature4 ,! metaphysical read] w
 p]haps p]ceive "h a  resemblance to !  
!ory ( ,victor ,c\s91 :o ma9ta9s t !    
w--! free & volunt>y activity--( ! human
 be+ is !  specific faculty 9 :i* alone 
consi/s 8 p]sonality2 & t  ! intuitive  
reason by :i* we h k ( ! unlimit$ &     
absolute ,cause1 z well z ( ourselves & 
! univ]se z relat$  effects1 is         
indep5d5t & imp]sonal1--a faculty n     
peculi> to !  subject1 b f ! bosom (    
consci\sness ext5d+ to !  ,inf9ite1 &   
rea*+ to ! ,be+ ( be+s4 ,reason1 obs]ves
  ?is philosoph]1 is intimately connect$

 ) p]sonality &  s5sibility1 b x is     
nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r3 & precisely       
because x is nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1      
because x is 9 u  )\t be+ ourselves1    
does x reveal to u t :i* is n           
ourselves1--objects beside ! subject    
itself1 & :i* lie beyond  its sph]e4 ,at
 ! opposite pole to ?is doctr9e1 :i*    
makes !  p]ceptions ( ,reason a "p ( !  
activity ( ,god1 lies ! sy/em  ( ,kant &
 ,fi*te1 :i* repres5ts ,god z an ideal  
=mation1--x  may be1 !re=e1 a           
fiction1--aris+ f ! activity ( !        
,reason4 ,?is faculty is treat$ by ^!   
,g]man philosoph]s z  m]ely subjective &
 p]sonal2 its p]ceptions1 ev5 :5 !y seem
  to g beyond itself1 are kn[n only z   
int]nal conditions & results  (         
self-activity2 its beliefs1 ?\gh        
inevitable to itself1 are simply        
relative1 & h no objective validity4 ,! 
fai?s & affections  :i* ?is sy/em reg>ds
 z purely human1 are consid]$ by ! o!r  
z div9e4 ,! doctr9e ma9ta9$ above1 ?\gh 
resembl+ t (  ,kant 9 "o or two ( its   

phrases1 f> m ne>ly approa*es t (  ,c\s9
 9 its _s4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to    
obs]ve t1 9  ?is note1 ! ^w ,reason is  
us$1 n z equival5t to  ,und]/&+1 b 9 !  
,g]man s5se s long r5d]$ famili> to  !  
,engli% read] by ! writ+s ( ,mr4        
,col]idge4 ,x includes1  !re=e1 79 its  
two s5ses ( ,speculative & ,practical17 
! ,moral ,p]ceptions & ,primitive ,fai?s
 ( ! ,consci5ce1  spok5 ( 9 ! text4     
,,cre$ ,,& ,,h]esies ,,( ,,e>ly         
,,*ri/ianity4        #a4       4        
,orig5is ,philosophum5a sive omnium     
hresium refutatio4 ,e codice            
,p>is9o nunc primum edidit ,emmanuel    
,mill]4 ,oxonii3 e      ,typographeo    
,academico4 #ahea4        #b4           
,hippolytus & 8 ,age2 or ! ,doctr9e &   
,practice ( !      ,*ur* ( ,rome "u     
,commodus & ,alex&] ,sev]us2 & ,anci5t  
& ,mod]n ,*ri/ianity & ,div9ity comp>$4 
,by ,,*ri/ian      ,,*>les ,,josias     
,,buns51 ,d4,c4,l4 ,9 ,f\r ,volumes4    
,london4 #aheb4      ,:5 a /rang] knocks
 at ! gate ( ! ,cl>5don ,pr9t+-h\se1  & 

pres5ts 8 petition = aid1 ! ,univ]sity (
 ,ox=d ma9ta9s  its national "* =       
good-natur$ opul5ce1--gives its money & 
signs its "n1 )\t v close inquiry into !
 case4 ,!  docum5ts are really s        
respectable t !re _c be mu* amiss2  & a 
v5]able in/itution1 well kn[n to be fond
 ( ! h\se1  _c be expect$ to g trudg+   
?r\gh ! back-lanes ( hi/ory1  & expos+  
its no/rils 9 ! purlieus ( h]esy1 9 ord]
 to  id5tify a lit]>y petition]1        
evid5tly above all common impo/ure4  ,s 
x supplies all 8 wants ^u ! spot1       
dresses him h&somely1  & s5ds him out   
into ! _w z its wor?y 7?\gh ecc5tric7   
fri5d1 ! cate*i/ ( ,alex&ria4 ,!        
introduction1 be+ left at  ! ,prussian  
,legation1 falls into ! h&s ( no        
/ay-at-home  b5efactor1 b ( "o :o kn[s !
 by-ways ( human life1 & has an  e> = ! 
dialects ( _m a place4 ,m4 ,buns5--z    
,ox=d might h  rememb]$--is n unacqua9t$
 ) ,egypt2 & no soon] does he  raise 8  
eyes f ! cr$5tials to ! p]son ( !       
/rang]1  ?an he discov]s him to be no   

disciple ( ! ,alex&r9e ,clem5t2         
recognizes ! acc5t ( ! ,we/2 is rem9d$ (
 ! voice (  ,ir5u2 &1 f9ally1 be+ ev5 m 
famili> ) ! ,tib] ?an  ! ,nile1 detects 
a ,roman b5ea? ! mask ( ,orig54 ,we d n 
9 !  lea/ grudge ! fri5d ( ,niebuhr !   
honor ( a discov]y :i* no  "o c\ld turn 
to m effectual acc\nt2 b e ,engli% s*ol>
  mu/ feel mortifi$ t ! ,imprimatur (   
our great ,ecclesia/ical  ,univ]sity    
%\ld appe> on a title-page manife/ly    
false2 t !  fir/ read] %\ld see at a    
glance :at ! le>n$ proprietors _h       
miss$2 & t _! ,editio ,pr9ceps ( a      
recov]$ monum5t (  ,*ur* antiquity %\ld 
be sup]s$$ )9 a ye> or two ( its        
publication4 ,!y are n pr9cipals1 x is  
true1 b only second>ies  to ! ,editor1 9
 ! commission ( ?is error3 /ill1 a lay  
bibliograph] might reasonably expect1 9 
resort+ = aid to s  r5[n$ & rev]5d a    
body1 t 8 own judgm5t w\ld be kept 9    
*eck2 & _! v cons5t to issue ! "w       
implies "s  critical op9ion ( its value1
 z d]iv$ f age & au?or%ip4  ,:e!r !y are

 call$ ^u to adopt at once ,m4 ,buns5's 
propos$  title-page1 & sub/itute ! "n ( 
,hippolytus = t ( ,orig51  we w n say2 b
 t ! pres5t title gives ! book to !     
wrong au?or1 seems plac$ beyond ! rea* (
 d\bt4    ,m4 ,emmanuel ,mill]1 "o ( !  
curators ( ! ,national ,libr>y 9  ,p>is1
 0 ! fir/ to make himself acqua9t$ ) !  
cont5ts (  ?is "w1 & to appreciate _!   
importance4 ,among ! manuscripts  "u 8  
c>e 0 "o on cotton pap] ( ! f\rte5?     
c5tury1  :i* _h be5 br\ght f ,m\nt ,a?os
 9 #ahdb1 by ,m4 ,mynodes ,mynas1  a    
,greek ag5t employ$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t 
to se>* !  neglect$ treasures ( t       
celebrat$ spot4 ,! sup]scription1 ,on   
all ,h]esies1 0 n invit+2 b on turn+ ov]
 ! leaves1 "s  l9es1 unkn[n be=e1 (     
,p9d> & ( ano!r lyric poet1 7 f\nd  &   
copi$2 & ! value ( ^! exc]pts be+       
asc]ta9$1 ,m4  ,mill]'s att5tion 0      
direct$ to ! body ( ! treatise conta9+  
!m4 ,! treatise _h already be5 describ$1
 9 ! ,moniteur (  ! #e? ( ,janu>y1      
#ahdd1 z a ,refutation ( all ,h]esies1 9

 t5  books1 b ) ! fir/ ?ree miss+1 z    
well z ! conclusion (  ! :ole2 & he soon
 became aw>e1 t1 ( ! ?ree miss+ books1  
! fir/ already exi/$1 & _h be5 pr9t$ "u 
! "n (  ,philosophum5a1 9 ! editions (  
,orig5's works4 ,its v title is  f\nd 9 
! manuscript at ! end ( ! f\r? book1 &  
d5otes  t ! portion ( ! "w !re conclud$ 
completes ! sket* (  philosophical      
sy/ems1 :i* ! au?or prefixes to 8 acc\nt
 (  ecclesia/ical ab]rations2 & !re are 
mutual ref]5ces1 backw>ds  & =w>ds1     
betwe5 ! pr9t$ book & ! manuscript1 :i* 
leave  no d\bt t ! latt] is a sequel to 
! =m]4 ,! ,editor1  !re=e1 has v prop]ly
 repr9t$ ! ,philosophum5a z !           
comm5cem5t ( ! newly recov]$ "w2 :i* ?us
 exhibits a  regul> plan1 & consi/s (   
two p>ts1 viz43 fir/1 f\r books1--(  :i*
 ! second & ?ird are lo/1--exp\nd+ !    
,pagan  philosophies1 especially !      
,greek1 f :i*1 ! au?or cont5ds1  ! v>i\s
 h]esies ( ,*ri/5dom are m]e plagi>isms2
 !n six  books1 conta9+ an acc\nt1 9 an 
ord] prevail+ly hi/orical1 (  ?irty or  

?irty-two h]esies1 support$ by extracts 
f _!  /&>d writ+s1 & w\nd up 9 !        
recapitul>y book at ! end by  ! writ]'s 
own pr(ession ( fai?4 ,n[ :o is ! au?or8
    ,n ,orig52 =1 z ,huet _h already    
rem>k$ respect+ !  ,philosophum5a1 !    
writ] speaks ( himself 9 t]ms imply+ an 
episcopal position2 &1 9 ! n9? book1 he 
gives an acc\nt (  transactions 9 ,rome1
 ext5d+ ov] _m ye>s1 9 :i* he 0         
evid5tly an eyewitness & an actor4 ,:ile
 ! sc5e is ?us laid at  a di/ance f     
,orig5's sph]e1 & ! date also ( !       
p]sonal  matt] runs back into 8 boyhood1
 ! ca/ ( ! !ological  doctr9e is :olly  
diff]5t f 82 = in/ance1 9 a c]ta9       
,treatise on ! ,univ]se1 to :i* ! au?or 
ref]s z 8 own1 &  ( :i* a fragm5t is    
pres]v$1 ! p5al condition ( ! wick$     
aft] dea? is said to be immutable2#bf b 
,orig51 x is well kn[n1  taught a       
doctr9e ( f9al re/oration4 ,add to ?is1 
t no su* "w  z ! pres5t is attribut$ to 
,orig5 by any anci5t witness1 & !  case 
aga9/ 8 "n may be reg>d$ z complete4    

,! evid5ce :i* disappo9ts ?is claim     
n>r[s also our *oice (  o!rs4 ,! p]sonal
 transactions to :i* we h ref]r$ took   
place  at ,rome1 :ile ,zephyr9us & 8    
successor1 ,calli/us1 presid$ ov]  !    
,*ri/ian community !re1 t is1 dur+ !    
fir/ tw5ty ye>s  ( ! ?ird c5tury4 ,we   
mu/1 !re=e1 look = our au?or among  !   
metropolitan cl]gym5 ( t p]iod4 ,/ill   
clos] is ! circle  drawn by ! fact1 t ! 
writ] l>gely borr[s f ! treatise  (     
,ir5u on ! same subject2 &1 ?\gh va/ly  
improv+ on t  fooli% production1 &      
copi\sly contribut+ fre% mat]ials1      
betrays ! g5]al aff9ity ( ?\ght :i*     
unites ! /rong]  disciple ) ! feebl]    
ma/]4    ,! problem !n be+ to f9d a     
pupil ( ! ,bi%op ( ,lyons among  !      
ecclesia/ics ( ,rome1 at ! beg9n+ ( !   
?ird c5tury1 two  names are giv5 9 z    
answ]+ ! conditions1--^? ( ,hippolytus1 
a suburban cl]gyman1 & ( ,caius1 ^: *>ge
 lay )9 ! city  itself4 ,9 ord] to      
v9dicate ! claim ( ! fir/1 x has be5    
necess>y = ,m4 ,buns5 to prove t 8      

locality is "r2 & t  ! ,portus ,rom1 (  
:i* he 0 bi%op1 0 n1 z ,le ,moyne &     
,cave _h gr\ndlessly suppos$1 ! ,arabian
 ,portus ,romanus ( !  di/rict ( ,ad51 b
 ! new h>bor made1 or at lea/ enl>g$1 by
  ,trajan1 on ! nor!rn bank ( ! ,tib]1  
imm$iately opposite to  ,o/ia4 ,t he    
suff]$ m>tyrdom !re1 & 0 buri$ 9 a      
cemet]y  on ! ,tiburt9e road1 is g5]ally
 admitt$1 on ! evid5ce (  ,prud5tius1 :o
 has left a poem describ+ 8 memorial    
*apel on t  spot1 & ( a /atue ( him1    
seat$ 9 a ca!dra1 :i* 0 dug up  !re ?ree
 hundr$ ye>s ago1 & n[ /&s 9 ! libr>y ( 
!  ,vatican4 ,x is c]ta9ly p]plex+ to   
f9d ,j]ome av[+ ignorance  ( ! see ov]  
:i* he presid$1 if1 = a qu>t] ( a       
c5tury1 he  0 active at ! c5tre ( !     
,*ri/ian _w2 & n less s to  discov] 9   
,rome itself1 nay1 9 a ,pope1 or 8      
transcrib]1 at !  end ( ! fif? c5tury1 !
 impression t 8 sc5e ( labor _h  be5 9  
,arabia2 & "u ! influ5ce ( ^! facts x   
has be5  suppos$ t ?\gh1 com+ to ,italy1
 he _h fall5 among ! m>tyrs  ( ! ,we/1  

he ought to be reckon$ among ! bi%ops ( 
! ,ea/4 ,on  ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ! reasons   
prepond]ate 9 favor ( 8  resid5ce1 z    
,episcopus ,portu5sis1 )9 ! presbyt]y ( 
,rome4  ,! title itself is an old "o1   
/ill always assign$ to "s  dignit>y ( ! 
curia1 &1 no d\bt1 d]iv+ its orig9 f !  
"t :5 ! ,nor!rn ,h>bor ( ! ,tib]--( :i* 
9 ! n9?  c5tury1 sc>ce a trace 0 left--0
 a fl\ri%+ emporium4 ,! "n  (           
,hippolytus is associat$ by tradition ) 
! spot2 x is giv51  our au?or assures u1
 to a c]ta9 t[]1 ne> ,fiumic9o2 & 9 !   
eigh? & n9? c5turies1 a basilica ( ,/4  
,hippolytus 0 re/or$  at ,portus by ,leo
 ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 ,an episcopal palace    
/ill rema9s4 ,by  acute & skilful       
comb9ations1 effect$ ) evid5ce scanty z 
a  :ole1 & suspici\s 9 e "p1 ,m4 ,buns5 
has endeavor$ to  reproduce ! hi/orical 
image ( ,hippolytus4 ,8 (fice ( bi%op   
impli$ simply ! *>ge ( ! s+le           
congregation at ,portus2 !  memb]s ( t  
congregation 7 ! plebs committ$ to 8    
sup]vision2 ! city or village 9 :i* !y  

liv$ 0 8 diocese4  ,8 vic9ity to ! great
 capital drew him1 h[ev]1 into a wid]   
circle ( duties4 ,= :ile ,rome itself 0 
divid$ into sev]al  ecclesia/ical       
di/ricts1 ea* ( :i* _h its own cl]gyman 
& lay  deacons1 ! suburban bi%ops 7     
associat$ ) ^! (fic]s to  =m a committee
 ( managem5t1 or presbyt]y1 presid$ ov] 
by !  metropolitan4 ,by 8 seat at ?is   
bo>d1 he 0 kept 9 liv+ contact  ) all ! 
mo/ /irr+ int]e/s ( ,*ri/5dom1 :i*1     
:]ev]  _! orig9 might be1 f\nd _! way to
 ! imp]ial city1 & m  & m s\ght _!      
equilibrium !re4 ,at a comm]cial        
seaport1 8  own congregation w\ld l>gely
 consi/ ( tempor>y settl]s &  m]cantile 
ag5ts1 ,greek brok]s1 ,jewi% bank]s1    
,african import]s1  to :om ,italy 0 a   
lodg+-h\se r ?an a home2 & by !         
cont9ual influx ( =eign]s he w\ld he>   
tid+s ( ! remote/  *ur*es1 & c>ry to !  
cl]ical meet+s 9 ! city ! newe/  gossip 
( all ! h]esies4 ,possibly ?is position1
 ) its  opportunities ( v>i\s int]c\rse1
 may h contribut$ to =m 9  him !        

agreeable address1 & faculty ( eloqu5t  
spee*1 :i*  tradition ascribes to him2 &
 induc$ him to comm5ce ! practice (     
writ+ ) /udi\s c>e ! homilies :i* 7 to  
be deliv]$ 9  ! congregation4 ,at all   
ev5ts he is ! fir/ ( :om we di/9ctly    
he> z a great prea*]4 ,8 p]iod ext5ds1 x
 is suppos$1 f !  reign ( ,commodus     
7#ahj-aic7 to ! fir/ ye> ( ,maxim9      
7#bce-f72 &  s br\ght him into ! same   
presbyt]y-room ) five popes1--,victor   
7#ahg-aih72 ,zephyr9us 7#bja-bah72      
,calli/us 7#bai-bbb72 ,urbanus          
7#bbc-bcj72 & ,pontianus 7#bcj-bce72 ) !
 la/ ( :om he %>$1  9 ! la/ ye> ( 8     
life1 a cruel exile to ,s>d9ia1 &       
return$  only to fall a victim to fre%  
in=mations1 & suff] m>tyrdom by  dr[n+ 9
 a canal4 ,x _c be d5i$ t1 9 ord] to    
recov]  ?is picture ( ,hippolytus1 &    
/ill m 9 ord] to fix 8  lit]>y position1
 ! mat]ials ( evid5ce h to be dealt ) 9 
some:at arbitr>y fa%ion1 & _! lacun to  
be fill$ by  conjecture4 ,prud5tius1 =  
in/ance1 is call$ z an hi/orical        

witness1 yet convict$ ( fable 9 mu* (   
:at he says4 ,8 poem  decl>es t at "o "t
 ,hippolytus _h support$ ,novatus 9 8   
attempt to close ! gates ( rep5tance    
aga9/ ! ,lapsi1 b _h  be5 reconcil$ to !
 ca?olic doctr9e be=e he di$4 ,he mu/ 9 
?is case h jo9$ 9 ! opposition rais$ by 
,novatianus 79 #bea7  to ! election (   
,cornelius to ! papacy1 & h di$ 9 !     
,decian p]secution1 :i* cont9u$ till !  
ye> #beg4 ,moreov]1 !  pa9t+ se5 by !   
,spani% v]sifi] on ! walls ( ! memorial 
*apel introduces u to s ridicul\s a     
/ory1 z only to %[ h[  completely !     
m>tyrological leg5ds _h already escap$  
all !  re/ra9ts ( hi/ory4 ,9 ?is fresco 
! my?ical fate ( ,hippolytus1  ! son (  
,!seus1 is transf]r$ to ! ,roman        
presbyt]3 he is  repres5t$ z torn to    
pieces by horses2 :ile ! fai?ful foll[  
to  pick up 8 limbs & hair1 & sponge    
away ! blood ^u ! gr\nd4  ,if ! sanctu>y
 exhibit+ ?is sc5e receiv$ ! m>tyr's    
rema9s  f _! orig9al re/+-place z e>ly z
 ! "t (  ,con/ant9e1--& su* is our      

au?or's op9ion1--into :at a /ate (      
degradation _h ! hi/ory ( ,hippolytus   
sunk 9 ?ree qu>t]s ( a  c5tury6 ,& if   
already memorial pa9t+ c\ld ?us         
impud5tly lie1  h[ c we bett] tru/ !    
/atue1 admitt$ to be lat] /ill8 ,yet    
?is /atue1 on ^: side is a li/ ( !      
writ+s ( ,hippolytus1 is  appeal$ to 9  
det]m9+ ! m>tyr's writt5 productions1 z 
!  pa9t$ *apel 9 evid5ce ( facts 9 8    
p]sonal c>e]4 ,we fully  admit ! success
 ( ,m4 ,buns5 9 elicit+ a possible      
result f a  mass ( intricate & tangl$   
conditions1 & pres5t+ u ) a  highly     
int]e/+ p]sonage4 ,b p]haps1 z ! v5]able
 image (  ! good bi%op has gr[n 9       
cle>ness be=e 8 eye1 & attract$  8      
affection m & m1 ! v vividness ( !      
conception may  h r5d]$ him ins5sible to
 ! prec>i\sness ( ! pro(4               
,ecclesia/ical fancy1 9 its unre/ra9$   
c>e]1 has torn 8  p]sonality to pieces1 
& left ! disjecta membra s rudely       
scatt]$ on ! /r& ( hi/ory1 t we almo/   
d\bt ! p[] (  any critical sculapius to 

re/ore him to ! _w aga94    ,at ! same  
bo>d ( *ur* c\ncillors ) ,hippolytus sat
 ano!r   1#bg ! presbyt] ,caius2 & z an 
urban cl]gyman1 he  w\ld be m con/antly 
!re ?an 8 suburban bro!r1 sep>at$ by a  
di/ance ( eighte5 miles4 ,to =m any liv+
 image ( him f !  scanty notices ( him  
:i* beg9 ) ,eusebius & end ) ,photius1  
is  q impossible4 ,9 "o respect only d !
 p]sonal *>act]i/ics  attribut$ to him  
di/+ui% him f ! bi%op ( ,portus4 ,he 0 a
  /r5u\s oppon5t ( ! peculi>ities favor$
 by ! ,*ri/ians (  ,less] ,asia1 &      
especially ( ! claims to prophetic      
gifts1 & !  appeal to clairvoyant skill1
 by ,montanus & 8 foll[]s4 ,) "o (  ^!1 
by "n ,proclus1 he held a disputation2 f
 :i* ,eusebius has  pres]v$ a passage or
 two1 %[+1 9 conjunction ) ! title1 n  v
 intelligibly assign$ to him1 ( ,bi%op (
 ! ,g5tiles1 t he  belong$ to ! mo/     
advanc$ anti-,jewi% p>ty 9 ! ,*ur*1     
lam5t$  ! grossness ( ! popul> mill5>ian
 dreams1 v9dicat$ !  apo/olic dignity ( 
! ,roman aga9/ ! pret5sions ( ! ,ea/]n  

,*ri/ianity1 & dis[n$ ! ,epi/le to !    
,hebrews4 ,?is feature 9  ! figure (    
,caius1 ?\gh con/itut+ ! di/9ction1 does
 n1  h[ev]1 necess>ily oppose him to    
,hippolytus1 ^: attitude t[>ds  !       
,montani/s may n h be5 v diff]5t1 b only
 less  positively m>k$4 ,/ill !         
suspicions direct$ aga9/ ! two m5 are  (
 an opposite k9d3 ) ,hippolytus1 !      
difficulty is to set him cle>  ( sympa?y
 ) ,montanism2#bh ) ,caius1 to prev5t 8 
be+ class$  ) its unmeasur$ oppon5ts1 ! 
,alogi4#bi ,& a report ev5 rea*es  u1 t 
among ! ,*aldean ,*ri/ians !re exi/s1 or
 did exi/ 9 !  f\rte5? c5tury1 a        
controv]sial treatise ( ,hippolytus     
aga9/  ,caius4#cj    ,betwe5 ^! two m51 
s simil> 9 position1 & n1 p]haps1 unus$ 
to %>p argum5t face to face1 spr+s up1  
at ! end ( all ^!  ages1 a rival claim  
to prop]ty 9 ! ,refutation ( all !      
,h]esies4  ,! *ief c\nsel = ,hippolytus1
 besides our au?or1 are ! em95t         
,pr(essors ,jacobi1 ,dunck]1 &          
,s*neidew91--all1 we believe1 belong+   

to ! ,ne&] s*ool ( !ology2 & z ! la/ two
 are ab\t to edit  ! "w anew1 & probably
 to give x its f9al =m1 _! op9ion (  its
 au?or%ip may be expect$ to prevail4 ,! 
o!r side1 h[ev]1  advocat$ by ,dr4      
,fessl]1 is su/a9$ by p]haps ! greate/ (
 liv+  hi/orical critics1 ,f4 ,c4 ,baur1
 repres5tative ( ! mu*-abus$  ,tb+5     
s*ool4 ,into s intricate a "q we might  
be excus$ =  invit+ our read]s1 _h we   
any?+ fre% to (f] t[>ds its  solution2 b
 ! *ief impression we h br\ght f its    
/udy is "o  ( a/oni%m5t at ! extreme    
positiv5ess ) :i* ! le>n$ m5  on ei!r   
side affirm _! own conclusion4 ,a m     
equal balance (  evid5ce we nev] rememb]
 to h met ) 9 any simil> rese>*2 &  !   
fa9t & sl5d] prepond]ance :i* alone !   
scale c ev]  exhibit1 amus+ly contra/s )
 ! triumphant ass]tion1 ( bo? sets  (   
disputants1 t n a reasonable d\bt       
rema9s4 ,! lead+ po9ts  ( ,m4 ,buns5's  
case are ^!4 ,a "w ,on all ,h]esies is  
attribut$ to  ,hippolytus1 & 9 no       
in/ance to ,caius1 by ,eusebius1 ,j]ome1

  ,epiphanius1 & ,pet] ( ,alex&ria1 at !
 beg9n+ ( ! f\r?  c5tury4 ,su* a book 0 
/ill extant 9 ! n9? c5tury2 = ,photius1 
! celebrat$ patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 has
 giv5 u an acc\nt (  its cont5ts 9 !    
j\rnal & epitome ( 8 /udies :i* he has  
left  u4 ,on comp>+ 8 report ) ! newly  
discov]$ book1 ! id5tity  ( ! two works 
is e/abli%$ 9 "s important respects3 !  
numb]  & conclud+ t]m ( ! s]ies (       
h]esies are ! same2 !y bo?  ( !m include
 mat]ials tak5 f ,ir5u1 :ile rev]s+ 8   
ord]  ( treatm5t4 ,fur!r1 9 ! newly f\nd
 treatise ref]5ce is made by  ! au?or to
 o!r works ( 81 9 :i* he has discuss$   
c]ta9  po9ts ( e>ly ,hebrew *ronology 9 
prov+ ! antiquity ( !  ,abrahamic race4 
,n[1 ,eusebius 0 acqua9t$ ) a c]ta9     
,*ronicle  ( ,hippolytus1 br\ght d[n to 
! fir/ ye> ( ,alex&] ,sev]us2 &  su* a  
*ronicle1 9 a ,lat9 translation1 is f\nd
 9 ,fabricius's  edition ( ,hippolytus1 
only t its li/ ( ,roman emp]ors         
t]m9ates1  n ) ! beg9n+1 b ) ! end1 (   
,sev]us's reign4 ,x has1  h[ev]1 9      

common ) our "w1 a peculi> numb] (      
tribes1--viz4  sev5ty-two1 d]iv$ f      
,noah4 ,?us1 ! au?or ( ! ,h]esies &  ( !
 ,*ronicle w\ld appe> to be ! same1 &1  
accord+ to  ,eusebius1 to be            
,hippolytus4 ,la/ly1 bo? 9 our new "w1 &
 also 9 a  book call$ ! ,labyr9?1 writt5
 aga9/ "s ,unit>ians ( !  second c5tury1
 ref]5ce is made to a treatise ,on !    
,univ]se1 :i*  ! au?or m5tions z 8 own  
production4 ,by pr9t+ a fragm5t (  ?is  
la/ 9 8 edition ( ,hippolytus1          
,fabricius has %[n to :at  "n all ?ree  
%\ld1 9 8 judgm5t1 be set d[n2 & t !y   
_c be giv5 to ,caius is r5d]$ evid5t by 
! occurr5ce1 9 !  fragm5t1 ( c]ta9      
,apocalyptic fictions inconsi/5t ) 8    
rejection ( ! ,book ( ,revelations4     
,moreov]1 ! li/ ( works on !  /atue (   
,hippolytus includes a disquisition     
,aga9/ ! ,greeks &  aga9/ ,plato1 or    
,respect+ ! ,univ]se4    ,:at c be said 
to weak5 s /rong a case8 ,two d\bts at  
once arise  ^u x1 :i* we f9d x by no    
means easy to set aside4 ,grant$1       

,hippolytus wrote a book ,on all        
,h]esies2 is x ! same :i* is n[  deliv]$
 into our h&s8 ,"o m$ium ( comp>ison we 
possess1  enabl+ u to place ! orig9al & 
! pres5t book1 = a %ort  space1 side by 
side4 ,! v ,pet] ( ,alex&ria :o is "o ( 
!  e>ly witnesses call$ on ,hippolytus's
 behalf has h&$ d[n to u a  passage or  
two 7pres]v$ 9 ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle7 f ! 
book  :i* he atte/s1 ) a di/9ct ref]5ce 
to ! place :]e !y  are to be f\nd4 ,we  
turn to ! "r *apt]1 & ! passages are  n 
!re4 ,nor is x a m]e want ( v]bal       
agreem5t :i* we h  to regret2 ! same    
topic--! controv]sy ab\t ! "t (         
,ea/]--is treat$2 ! same side--t ( !    
,we/]n ,*ur*--is  tak51 9 bo? in/ances2 
b ! argum5ts are diff]5t1 & s f>        
irreconcilable1 t no "o :o _h comm& ( t 
:i* ,pet] gives  w\ld ev] resort to !   
feebl] "o :i* our "w conta9s4 ,) !      
dauntless +5uity ( ,g]man criticism ,m4 
,buns5 makes a virtue (  necessity1 &   
endeavors to conv]t ?is un=tunate       
discrepancy into  a fre% pro( ( id5tity4

 ,he ?9ks t1 9 ?is & "s o!r  p>ts1 our  
"w is b a clumsy ab/ract ( ,hippolytus's
 orig9al1  :i* ! citations ( ,pet]      
enable u to recov] & complete4 ,?is1    
h[ev]1 is a plea :i*1 x /rikes u1       
damages 8 case z mu* by  success z x    
c\ld by failure4 ,= if ! book pres5t$ to
 u by !  ,cl>5don ,press reflects !     
orig9al no bett] ?an w\ld appe> f  ?is  
only sample :i* x is 9 our p[] to te/1 x
 may inde$ be a  deg5]ate desc5dant f ! 
p5 ( ,hippolytus2 b all reliable        
id5tity is lo/1 & ! traces ( 8 h& are no
 long]  recov]able4 ,! second d\bt is   
?is3--,is ! "w :i* ,photius read  ! same
 t has n[ be5 rescu$8 ,( ! few          
descriptive m>ks  suppli$ by ! patri>*1 
!re are z _m abs5t f our "w z  pres5t 9 
x4 ,! treatise :i* he read 0 a little   
book or  tract1 z ,l>dn] calls x 771 a  
^w :i* c  sc>cely apply to a volume     
ext5d+ 7z ours w\ld1 if complete7 to    
f\r hundr$ & tw5ty octavo pages4 ,m4    
,buns5 cuts d[n ?is numb]  to two hundr$
 & fifty1 by suppos+ ,photius to h only 

! la/  six books1 conta9+ ! hi/orical   
survey1 )\t ! gr\ndwork (  !            
philosophical d$uction1 ( ! h]esies4 ,! 
curtailm5t1 if  conc$$1 seems sc>cely   
adequate to its purpose1 & appe>s to u a
  v que/ionable conjecture4 ,!          
manuscript1 /ripp$ ( ! fir/  f\r books1 
w\ld want ! v basis ( ! :ole argum5t2 &1
 if  su* a mutilation 7 conceivable1 x  
is impossible t ,photius  %\ld fail to  
obs]ve & m5tion x2 = ! fif? book op5s1 n
  l an indep5d5t treatise1 b ) a summ>y 
/atem5t ( :at has  be5 accompli%$ 9 !   
f\r books prec$+ ?is4 ,aga91 ,photius   
m5tions ! ,dosi!ans z ! fir/ set (      
h]etics discuss$2  :]eas _! "n does n   
occur at all1 if we rememb] "r1 9 our   
"w1 & _! place is occupi$ by ! ,ophites4
 ,m4 ,buns5 treats  ?is z a m]e         
inaccuracy ( expression on ! "p (       
,photius1 :o  meant1 by ! "n ,dosi!ans1 
to indicate ! same e>lie/  ,judaiz+     
s*ools t are bett] describ$ z ,ophites4 
,! "n1  h[ev]1 is s unsuitable to ?is   
purpose1 t x w\ld be a /range           

wilfulness 9 ! le>n$ patri>* to         
sub/itute x = ! language  ( ! au?or he  
describes4 ,he c\ld n be ignorant t     
,dosi!us1  ,simon1 ,m5&]1 7 ! ?ree      
f\nd]s ( ! ,sam>itan sect1  expon5ts ( !
 same doctr9e1 if n ev5 reput$ avat>s ( 
!  same div9e ess5ce2#ca & if he _h     
appli$ ! "n ,dosi!ans  to any ( !       
h]etics enum]at$ 9 our "w1 x w\ld       
assur$ly h  be5 to ! foll[]s ( ,simon1  
:o /& f\r? 9 ! s]ies (  ?irty-two1 & n  
to ,phrygian s]p5t-wor%ipp]s1 :o comm5ce
 !  li/4 ,fur!r1 ! au?or :om ,photius   
read /at$ t 8 book 0 a  synopsis ( !    
,lectures ( ,ir5u4 ,9 our "w no su*     
/atem5t  occurs2 & ! use made ( ,ir5u   
does n agree1 ei!r 9 quantity  or "*1 ) 
! sub/ance ( ! ass]tion4 ,&1 la/ly1 !   
patri>*'s ,hippolytus said "s ?+s :i*   
are n q correct2  = in/ance1 t ! ,epi/le
 to ! ,hebrews is n by ! ,apo/le  ,paul4
 ,9 our "w !re is no su* ass]tion2 & :5 
,m4 ,buns5  sugge/s t p]haps its place  
might be 9 ! lo/ books1 he =gets  t1    
accord+ to 8 own conjecture1 ^! books 7 

no m 9  ,photius's h&s ?an 9 ours1 & t  
he _c fir/ cut !m (f 9  ord] to make a 1
 & !n re/ore !m1 to provide a locus  = a
 miss+ criticism on ! ,epi/le to !      
,hebrews4 ,! id5tity (  our             
,philosophum5a ) ! treatise :i* ,photius
 read &  ,hippolytus wrote1 appe>s1     
!re=e1 to be extremely problematical4   
,"o fix$ po9t1 h[ev]1 is ga9$ 9 ! c\rse 
( ! argum5t1 &  gives an ackn[l$g$      
position f :i* ! opposite op9ions are   
will+ to set out4 ,:oev] wrote !        
disquisition ,on ! ,univ]se  wrote also 
our "w4 ,?is fact re/s on ! ass]tion ( !
 au?or  himself2 yet1 if ! au?or be     
,hippolytus1 & our ,philosophum5a be  8 
,refutation ( all ,h]esies1 x is /range 
t no li/ ( 8  writ+s m5tions bo? books3 
! catalogues ( ,eusebius & ,j]ome  nam+ 
! ,h]esies )\t ! essay ,on ! ,univ]se2 &
 !  engrav+ on ! /atue giv+ ! essay ,on 
! ,univ]se )\t !  ,h]esies4 ,h[ c we    
expla9 x1 t ^! ecclesia/ical writ]s1 9  
kn[+ our "w1 did n "k :at is conta9$ 9 x
 ab\t !  au?or%ip ( ! o!r book2 & t ?is 

book %\ld h w&]$  anonym\sly ab\t d[n to
 ! n9? c5tury1 side by side ) an        
ackn[l$g$ writ+ ( ,hippolytus1 :i* all !
 :ile 0 proclaim+  ! solution ( ! "q8   
,we %\ld c]ta9ly expect t ! book  ( av[$
 au?or%ip w\ld convey ! "n ( ,hippolytus
 to !  companion production = :i* x     
claims ! same pat]nity2 b1  in/ead (    
?is1 x n only leaves its associate      
anonym\s = six  hundr$ ye>s1 b aft]w>d  
assumes ! mode/ fit1 & becomes  anonym\s
 itself4 ,ev5 if no previ\s read] _h    
s5se en\gh to put !  two ?+s toge!r1 &  
pick out ! te/imony ( ! "o book to !    
orig9 ( ! o!r1 are we to *>ge ! same    
/upidity on ! erudite  ,photius1 :o _h  
bo? books 9 8 h&1 & has giv5 8 report ( 
bo?8 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ,hippolytus's        
treatise1 he n[h]e tells u t  x conta9s 
a ref]5ce to ! essay ,on ! ,univ]se1 z  
be+ f  ! same p52 & t he f\nd no su*    
ref]5ce is c]ta92 = he  actually        
discusses ! "q1 ,:o wrote ! essay on !  
,univ]se8  )\t ev] m5tion+ ,hippolytus  
at all4 ,j su* a ref]5ce1  h[ev]1 z he  

did n f9d 9 ,hippolytus1 he did f9d 9   
ano!r  "w1 ( :i* he speaks "u ! title ( 
,! ,labyr9?2 &1  /range to say1 x 0 at !
 end ( ! "w1#cb precisely :]e x  /&s 9  
our ,philosophum5a4 ,:o c resi/ !       
suspicion1 t !  anonym\s ,labyr9? (     
,photius is no o!r ?an our anonym\s     
,philosophum5a8 ,?is conviction =c$     
itself ^u u on fir/  weigh+ ! evid5ce   
collect$ by ,m4 ,buns51 9 support ( 8   
diff]5t conclusion2 & we obs]ve t x is !
 op9ion su/a9$ by  ! great au?ority (   
,baur1#cc :o ev5 f9ds a trace 9 our "w (
  ! v title giv5 by ,photius2 ! writ]   
obs]v+1 at !  beg9n+ ( ! t5? book1 ,!   
,labyr9? ( ,h]esies we h n  brok5 ?r\gh 
by viol5ce1 b h resolv$ by refutation   
alone )  ! =ce ( tru?2 & n[ we come to !
 positive exposition ( !  tru?4 ,at all 
ev5ts1 ! diff]5ce ( title 9 ! case ( a  
"w  hav+ probably m names ?an "o1 is (  
no weight 9 dispro( (  id5tity4 ,) ?is  
new designation 9 our possession1 we may
 return to  se>* = our book 9 ! records 
( ecclesia/ical antiquity2 & we  h n f> 

to g1 be=e we alight on traces af=d+    
hopes ( a  result4 ,no ,labyr9?1 inde$1 
turns up 9 ! lit]>y hi/ory (  e>li]     
c5turies ?an ,photius2 b a ,little      
,labyr9? is m5tion$  by ,!odoret1#cd z  
sometimes ascrib$ to ,orig51 b z        
evid5tly n  82 & f 8 acc\nt ( x1        
confirm$ by ! matt] :i* he  borr[s f x1 
we le>n t x 0 a controv]sial book1 aga9/
 a  set ( ,unit>ians 9 ,rome1 foll[]s ( 
,!odotus4 ,x s happ5s t  ! v passage f  
?is tract :i* ,!odoret has us$ appe>s   
also1  ) o!rs f ! same s\rce1 9         
,eusebius1 only quot$ "u ano!r          
title1--! book be+ call$ a ,"w aga9/ !  
,h]esy ( ,artemon  7:o 0 ano!r tea*] ( !
 same s*ool 9 ! same age74 ,!  extracts 
?us pres]v$ to u are n f\nd 9 our "w2   
:i*1  !re=e1 if x be ! ,labyr9?1 is a   
di/9ct production f !  ,little ,labyr9?2
 b !y are s manife/ly f ! same p51      
occupi$ 9 ! same task1 z to r5d] x      
p]fectly conceivable t  ! two books     
might receive ! same "n1 ) only a       
dim9utive  epi!t to di/+ui% ! less] f ! 

great]4 ,nor are we left1 z  ,baur has  
%[n1 )\t a di/9ct ass]tion by our great 
unkn[n1  t he _h already compos$ a      
small] treatise on ! same subject2  =1 9
 ! introduction to ! ,philosophum5a1 he 
says ( !  h]etics1 ,we h be=e giv5 a    
brief exposition ( _! op9ions1  refut+  
!m 9 ! gross1 )\t pres5t+ !m 9 detail4  
,?is  %ort] "w w\ld naturally treat ( ! 
p>ticul> =ms ( error mo/  imm$iately    
pres5t & mis*iev\s be=e ! au?or's eyes2 
& if he  dwelt especially on ! doctr9es 
( ,!odotus & ,artemon1 x is j  :at we   
%\ld expect f an or?odox ,roman4 ,?is   
essay1 on a limit$  range ( h]esy1 w\ld 
naturally be issu$ at fir/ ) ! special  
title by :i* ,eusebius ref]s to x4 ,b if
 x l$ ! au?or to  execute aft]w>ds a mu*
 enl>g$ design1 to :i*1 f its intricate 
ext5t1 he gave1 on its completion1 !    
fanciful designation ( ,!  ,labyr9?1 he 
might naturally c>ry ! "n back to !     
e>li]  production1 &1 to m>k ! relation 
betwe5 ! two1 issue ?is 9  future z ,!  
,little ,labyr9?4 ,photius speaks ( !   

tract aga9/  ! h]esy ( ,artemon z a     
sep>ate "w f ,! ,labyr9?1#ce &  says !  
same ?+ ( ! latt]#cf t ,!odoret _h      
rem>k$ ( !  =m]1 t by "s x 0 ascrib$ to 
,orig54 ,! result to :i* we  are ?us l$ 
is ! foll[+4 ,our newly f\nd "w is n    
,hippolytus's   ,on all ,h]esies1 b !   
book kn[n to ,photius z ,!  ,labyr9?2 ! 
au?or ( :i* _h previ\sly produc$ two o!r
 works1  viz4 ,! ,little ,labyr9?       
m5tion$ by ,!odoret1 & quot$ "u  ano!r  
"n by ,eusebius1 & ! ,treatise on !     
,univ]se1 ^:  cont5ts ,photius reports4 
,:atev]1 !re=e1 fixes ! au?or%ip (  any 
( ^!1 fixes ! au?or%ip ( all4           
,not)/&+1 h[ev]1 our ?reefold *ance1 we 
h only a  solit>y evid5ce on ?is po9t4  
,atta*$ to ,photius's copy ( !          
,treatise on ! ,univ]se 0 a note1 to !  
effect t ! book 0  n 7z _h be5 imag9$7  
by ,josephus1 b by ,caius1 ! ,roman     
presbyt]1 :o also compos$ ! ,labyr9?4#cg
 ,9 ! abs5ce (  o!r ext]nal te/imony1   
?is judgm5t appe>s entitl$ to /&1       
unless ! books !mselves disclose "s     

features at v>iance )  ! kn[n "* (      
,caius4    ,b1 x is said1 su* v>iance we
 d actually f9d4 ,= :ile our "w         
expressly appeals to ! ,apocalypse z !  
production ( ,john1 we "k  f ,eusebius t
 ,caius ascrib$ x to ,c]9?us1 &1 9      
oppos+  himself to ,montanism1 reject$ !
 mill5>ian doctr9e :i* is taught  9 !   
,revelations4 ,?is argum5t1 we admit1   
w\ld be decisive if its  allegations 7  
indisputable4 ,x is curi\s1 h[ev]1 t !  
"o  locus classicus1#ch f :i* is inf]r$ 
! presbyt]'s  repudiation ( !           
,apocalypse1 is confess$ly ambigu\s2 & !
 *>ge  x pref]s aga9/ ,c]9?us may am\nt 
to ei!r ( ^! two  propositions2 t he _h 
compos$ ! ,book ( ,revelations & palm$ x
  on ! _w z ! production ( ! ,apo/le    
,john2 or1 t he _h  giv5 himself ! air (
 a great ,apo/le1 & publi%$ accord+ly "s
  revelations affect+ to be imp>t$1 l ^?
 ( ,john1 by angels4  ,accord+ to ?is   
la/ int]pretation1 ! "w ( ,c]9?us w\ld  
be a  book di/9ct f our ,apocalypse1    
writt5 9 imitation ( x1 &  seek+ to %>e 

its au?ority4 ,! cont5ts ( ! production 
are  briefly describ$ by ,caius2 b !y   
pres5t su* a mixture ( agreem5t  &      
disagreem5t ) our canonical book1 z to  
leave ! ambiguity  unresolv$4 ,!y       
affirm1 t aft] ! resurrection w foll[ an
  e>?ly k+dom ( ,*ri/1 9 :i* ! l[]      
nature ( man w1 9  ,j]usalem1 be aga9 9 
s]vitude to passion & pleasure2 & t !   
numb] ( a ?\s& ye>s are to be sp5t 9 !  
indulg5ce ( s5se4  ,s f> z ! place & !  
duration ( ! k+dom are conc]n$1  our    
,apocalypse might "h be ref]r$ to2 b x  
has no?+ answ]+  to ! description ( a   
gross & luxuri\s mill5nium4 ,tak+ !     
passage 9 conjunction ) ! simil> /atem5t
 ( ,!odoret1 t  ,c]9?us inv5t$ c]ta9    
revelations1 pret5d+ t !y 7 giv5  9     
vision to himself1 we ?9k x unlikely t  
our ,apocalypse c be  meant2 & conceive 
! indictm5t to be1 t ,c]9?us _h put =? a
  set ( apocryphal visions1 9 :i* he    
abus$ ! /yle & corrupt$  ! tea*+s ( a   
great ,apo/le to ! purposes ( a s5sual  
fanaticism4 ,?is is a *>ge :i* ,caius   

might br+1 9 consi/5cy  ) ! fulle/      
acceptance ( ! ,apocalypse z au!ntic &  
true4 ,x  0 n ! doctr9e ( a reign (     
,*ri/ on e>?1 n ! mill5>ian  p]iod      
assign$ to x1 to :i* he object$ 9       
,c]9?us2 b ! co>se  & demoraliz+ picture
 giv5 ( its employm5ts & delights4 ,9   
proportion to 8 respect = ! real        
,apocalypse & its tea*+s1  w\ld he be   
likely to res5t su* a mis]able p>ody on 
its l(ty  !ocratic visions4 ,8          
opposition to ! ,montani/s 9 no way     
pl$g$  him to r5\nce ! es*atological    
expectations :i* !y 7  di/+ui%$ f o!r   
,*ri/ians n by ent]ta9+1 b by           
exagg]at+4 ,if our "w1 9 its notice ( _!
 h]esy1 passes by 9  sil5ce ?is p>ticul>
 elem5t ( ! sy/em1 & treats _! claim to 
special gifts ( prophecy ) less         
contemptu\s emphasis ?an might be  look$
 = 9 ! antagoni/ ( ,proclus1 !re is no?+
 t ought  really to surprise u 9 ?is4 ,x
 does n foll[ t1 because 9 our  scanty k
 we h only "o idea ab\t an hi/orical    
p]sonage1  ! man himself nev] _h ano!r4 

,caius did n live 9 a p]petual  plat=m  
disputation ) ,proclus2 & ei!r be=e t   
controv]sy  _h wak$ him up1 or aft] x 0 
well got ov]1 he might naturally  en\gh 
dismiss ! ,montani/s ) v cursory notice2
 9 ! "o case1  because !y _h n yet      
adequately provok$ 8 antipa?y2 9 !  o!r1
 because !y _h already _h en\gh ( x4#ci 
,no?+ !re=e pres5ts itself 9 our "w :i* 
%\ld det] u f  attribut+ x to ,caius2 & 
! m we pond] ! evid5ce1 ! m  d we incl9e
 to believe x 84 ,?is result is to u an 
unwelcome "o2  bo? because we "k h[     
/rong ! presumption mu/ be aga9/ a      
critical judgm5t condemn$ by ! ma/]ly   
g5ius ( ,m4 ,buns51 &  because he has   
really made u 9 love ) 8 ecclesia/ical  
h]o1--has  put su* an innoc5t & v5]able 
life into t old effigy1 t aft]  w&]+ )  
him ab\t ! quays ( ,portus1 & ent]+ )   
li/5+ fancy into ! ,basilica#dj :]e he  
prea*$1 x is h>d to  return him into    
/one1 & ?9k ( him only z a dead bi%op :o
 made a  bad almanac4 ,%\ld our read]s h
 contract$ no su* ideal  atta*m5t1 we   

fe> t ?is discussion ( au?or%ip may     
appe> z  trivial z x is t$i\s4 ,somebody
 wrote ! ,philosophum5a1 &  :e!r we call
 him ,hippolytus or ,caius1 :e!r we     
lodge him on !  ,tib] )9 sight ( !      
,ph>os1 or ( ! ,milli>ium ,aureum1 may  
seem a ?+ indiff]5t1 s long z ! elem5ts 
( ! p]sonal image  d n mat]ially *ange4 
,?is utilit>ian impression is by no     
means  j1 & inde$ is at v>iance ) all   
true hi/orical feel+4 ,b x  is "t t we  
%\ld give x its fair rights1 & turn f ! 
"n  ^u our new book to its sub/ances &  
significance4    ,_m s5sible p]sons are 
at a loss1 we believe1 to und]/& :y ?is 
refutation ( ?irty-two ext9ct h]esies   
%\ld be reg>d$ ) s  mu* int]e/4 ,is x s 
well done1 !n8 !y ask4 ,f> f x3 bett]   
books are br\ght out e ye>2 & su* a     
controv]sial argum5t  (f]$ 9 manuscript 
to ,mr4 ,longman or ,mr4 ,p>k] to-morr[1
 w\ld  h>dly be deem$ wor? ! co/ (      
pr9t+4 ,does x add mat]ially to  our k (
 ! e>ly h]esies8 ,some?+ ( ?is k9d x    
c]ta9ly  contributes2 b ! ga9 is n l>ge1

 & w make no ess5tial  *ange 9 !        
conclusions ( any compet5t hi/orical    
inquir]4 ,is any  light ?r[n by x on !  
au!nticity ( our canonical books8 ,?is c
  h>dly be expect$ f a production ( !   
?ird c5tury2 & ,m4  ,buns5's application
 ( x to ?is purpose appe>s to u1 =      
reasons  :i* we %all assign1 extremely  
prec>i\s4 ,p]haps x supplies !  want :i*
 e /ud5t ( t p]iod mu/ h felt1 &        
organically  jo9s ecclesia/ical to civil
 hi/ory1 s t !y no long] rema9  ap>t1--!
 "o z ! /age = sa9ts & m>tyrs1 bi%ops & 
books1  ! o!r = soldi]s & s5ators1      
emp]ors & p>am\rs1--b m+le  9 ! common  
life ( humanity4 ,:5 we ?9k h[ ! au?or 0
 plac$1  x is impossible n to g to him )
 an eag] hope ( ?is nature4 ,he  liv$ at
 ! c5tre ( ! va/ ,roman _w1 & felt all !
 pulsations  & p>oxysms ( t mighty he>t4
 ,he witness$ ! om9\s decl9e (  e       
traditional maxim & national rev]5ce 9  
favor ( import$  sup]/itions & deg5]ate 
b>b>ities4 ,"u ,commodus he saw !       
anci5t ,m>s sup]s$$ by ! ,grecian       

,h]cules1 & ,h]cules  repres5t$ by an   
emp]or :o sunk into a prize-fight]1 & ! 
adm9i/ration ( ! empire 9 ! wanton h&s (
 a ,phrygian slave1  :o 0 only less     
brutal ?an 8 ma/]4 ,9 ! mid/ ( pe/il5ce1
  :i* _h become *ronic 9 ,italy f ! "t (
 ,m4 ,anton9us1 & (  :i* a ,*ri/ian     
bi%op c\ld n b "k m ?an o!rs1 ! city  0 
/ill add+ to its semblance ( spl5dor &  
salubrity2 & !  magnific5t ba?s & gr\nds
 t 7 op5$ to ! public s]vice at  !      
,porta ,cap5a1 ) ! multipli$ fe/ivities 
& donatives1  atte/$ h[ little m]e      
physical att5tion to ! p c arre/ !      
mis]ies ( a moral degradation4 ,nor c\ld
 ! ,*ri/ians ( t age be  :olly )\t      
insight into ! habits ( ! highe/ class 9
 ,rome1  =1 9 t great colluvies (       
het]og5e\s fai?s1 ! caprice (  ta/e1 if 
n "s bett] impulse1 det]m9$ n[ & !n an  
inmate (  ! palace to favor ! religion (
 ,*ri/2 & ! favorite mi/ress (          
,commodus1 :o rul$ him :ile %e c\ld1 &  
!n _h him drugg$ &  /rangl$ 9 8 sleep1  
is ! v ,m>cia :om our presbyt] describes

  z  & at ^: int]v5tion ! ,*ri/ian      
exiles 7 releas$  f _! bani%m5t 9       
,s>d9ia4 ,if he 0 at home :5 ! excell5t 
,p]t9ax 0 murd]$1 & c>$ to "k :at tyrant
 0 to h !  _w in/ead1 he 0 p]haps 9 !   
?rong t ran to ! ,quir9al1  & he>d !    
,prtorians %\t f _! ramp>ts t ! empire 0
  = sale1 & saw ! b>ga9 ) ! fooli%      
s5ator bel[1 :o b\ght  x ) 8 money1 &   
paid = x ) 8 head4 ,caius & 8 p  _h     
reason to tremble :5 !y saw 9 ,septimius
 ,sev]us n only !  implacable conqu]or  
:o suff]$ no political oppon5t to live1 
b !  wor%ipp] ( demons1 ! gloomy &      
fitful devotee ( a/rology &  magic1     
pliant only to sac]dotal hate2 & :5 ! "y
 ,orig5 came to  be _! gue/ a:ile1 &    
told ( ! t]ror 9 ,alex&ria :i* _h  jo9$ 
8 fa!r to ! b& ( m>tyrs1 ! po/ t j !n   
br\ght ! news ( ! ,emp]or's dea? 9      
,brita9 w\ld seem to take  (f a weight (
 fe>2 especially z "o son at lea/ ( !   
two  inh]itors ( ! empire _h 9 *ildhood 
be5 committ$ to a ,*ri/ian  nurse1 & be5
 said to %r9k & turn away f ! savage    

spectacles  ( ! amphi!atre4 ,!y 7 doom$ 
to be disappo9t$1 if !y _h  plac$ any   
hope 9 ,c>acalla1 & to f9d t :at !y _h  
tak5 9  ! boy = ! nobl5ess ( grace1 0 b 
! timidity ( nature2 !  murd]1 be=e 8   
"m's face1 ( 8 only bro!r1 & !n ( 8  be/
 c\nsellor1 = refus+ to ju/ify !        
fratricide1 w\ld soon make  !m a%am$ (  
rememb]+ t he _h ev] he>d ! "n ( ,*ri/4 
,x w\ld be curi\s to "k h[ ! ,*ri/ians  
comport$ !mselves :5  ! ,prie/ ( ! ,sun 
became mon>* ( ! _w1 & seem$ int5t on   
de?ron+ e div9ity to enri* ! homage to 8
 own4 ,! gr&  temple on ! ,palat9e1 :i* 
he built = ! god ( ,emesa1 e  pass]-by  
mu/ h se5 z x rose f its f\ndations4 ,& 
:5 !  black /one 0 p>ad$ on its *>iot   
?r\gh ! /reets1 & !  eld] deities 7     
compell$ to leave _! %r9es & att5d 9    
escort  to ! ,ea/]n idol1 or :5 !       
nuptials 7 celebrat$ betwe5 !  ,syrian  
div9ity & ! goddess ( ,c>?age1 &        
,baal-peor & ,a/>te  succe$$ to ! honors
 ( ,jove1 no ,*ri/ian presbyt] c\ld fail
 to  witness ! gorge\s & humiliat+      

procession1--r5ew$ z x 0 ye>  by        
ye>1--or to ask himself into :at deep]  
abom9ation ! city (  ! ,scipios mu/ s9k1
 ere ! cata/rophe ( judgm5t made a sudd5
  end4 ,! orgies ( ,helagabalus 7 m     
insult+ to ! eld] ,paganism  ( ,rome ?an
 injuri\s to ! new fai?1 :i* equally    
dete/$ bo?2  & ! (f5d$ moral feel+ ( !  
city react$ p]haps 9 favor (  ! ,*ri/ian
 cause1 & prep>$ ! way = t m public     
tea*+  ( ! religion1 9 build+s av[$ly   
d$icat$ to ! purpose1 :i*  0 fir/       
p]mitt$ 9 ! succe$+ reign4 ,! natural   
recoil 9 !  imp]ial family itself f !   
degradation ( ! c\rt t5d$1  p]haps1 9 ! 
same direction1 & drove ! a/ute ,mama to
 seek1 amid  ! univ]sal corruption1 = "s
 s*ool ( discipl9e :i* might save  ! "y 
,alex&] ,sev]us f ! ignom9y ( h] si/]'s 
son4  ,:e!r f ?is motive1 or f suspicion
 ( ! gr[+ =ce (  ,*ri/ianity z a social 
p[]1 %e _h s5t = ,orig51 & _h an        
int]view ) him at ,antio*2 & ! ,roman   
disciples _h reason to  rejoice t h]    
intellectual impressions ( _! sy/em %\ld

 h  be5 d]iv$ f su* a man1 & h]         
political e/imate ( x =m$ 9  ! ,ea/1 :]e
 ! crisis ( conflict betwe5 ! dy+ & !   
liv+  fai?s 0 m advanc$ ?an 9 ! ,we/1 & 
af=d$ a less disguis$  augury ( !       
result4 ,f _! fell[-believ]s trad+ ) !  
,levant1 or arriv+ !nce1 ! pa/ors ( !   
metropolis w\ld le>n  ! propiti\s temp] 
( ! "y ,cs> & 8 "m2 & w\ld feel  no     
surprise1 :5 he succe$$ to ! palace ( 8 
c\s91 t he n  only swept out ! m9i/]s ( 
lu/ & luxury1 b 9 8 private  oratory    
en%r9$1 among ! bu/s ( ,pagan           
b5efactors1 ! images also  ( ,abraham & 
( ,*ri/4 ,!y c\ld n1 h[ev]1 b obs]ve h[ 
little ! morals ( ! c\rt & ! wisdom ( ! 
gov]nm5t c\ld  n[ avail to arre/ !      
progress ( decay1 & rea* 9 detail !     
vices  & mis]ies ( a deg5]ate /ate4 ,:5 
!y pass$ ! door ( !  palace1 !y he>d !  
public cri]'s voice proclaim1 ,let only 
purity  & innoc5ce ent] "h2 !y visit$ a 
,*ri/ian tradesman 9 a  neighbor+ /reet1
 & f\nd him j seiz$ by a nobleman :om he
 _h  dunn$ = an out/&+ debt1 *>g$ )     

magic or poison+1 doom$  to p9e 9 prison
 till he gave release1 & no r$ress or   
ju/ice to be  _h4 ,! ,emp]or :o1 gaz+ 9 
8 *apel on ! features ( ,*ri/1          
recogniz$ a religion human & univ]sal1 0
 ! fir/ "u :om a  visible badge 0 put ^u
 ! slave1 & a di/9ctive s]vile dress    
adopt$2 ! slave m>kets 7 /ill 9         
consecrat$ spots1 ! temple  ( ,ca/or & !
 ,via ,sacra2 & if ev] "s captive       
,onesimus1  recomm5d$ by lett]s f ! ,ea/
 to ! bre?r5 9 ,rome1 0  br\ght to !    
metropolis = sale1 ?i!r mu/ ! deacon or 
!  pa/or g to f9d h[ ! auction disposes 
( _! *>ge1 & le>n  :i* among ! *alk$    
feet x is t are %od ) ! prep>ation  ( ! 
,gospel ( peace4 ,! commonweal? _h nev] 
boa/$ ( s _m  great juri/s z 9 ! age (  
,pap9ian & ,paulus2 b z ! sci5ce  ( ,law
 0 p]fect$1 ! p[] ( ,law decl9$2 &      
,alex&] ,sev]us1  ! ju/e/ ( emp]ors1 0  
unable to protect ,ulpian1 ! greate/ (  
civilians1 f milit>y assass9ation 9 !   
palace itself1 or to  puni% !           
p]petrators ( ?is outrage on popul>     

feel+ z well z  public "r4 ,! ?ree days'
 tumult1 9 :i* ?is ma/] (  jurisprud5ce 
fell ! victim ( ,prtorian lic5ti\sness1 
our presbyt]  ,caius mu/ h witness$2 &  
c\ntless o!r mom5t\s sc5es1 dur+  a     
g5]ation pa9fully afflu5t 9 vicissitude1
 mu/ h pass$ be=e  8 eyes2 & _h he b    
kn[n ( :at value 8 reports w\ld be to   
?is age ( ours1 he w\ld h said m ( !    
life he saw1 & less  ( ! speculations he
 d5\nc$4 ,to u x w\ld h be5 wor?  any?+ 
to "k j :at 0 too close to him to cat* 8
 eye2--h[  ! ,*ri/ians liv$ 9 su* a _w2 
:at ?\ghts /irr$ 9 !m z  !y walk$ !     
/reets & he>d ! news2 :at happ5$ & 0    
said  :5 !y met toge!r1 & h[ ?is c\ld   
adju/ itself ) ! real  facts ( an       
inconsi/5t & tyrannical pres5t2 & h[1 z 
!  corrupt$ ,/ate became ev] m incapable
 ( v9dicat+ moral ends1  ! ris+ ,*ur*   
und]took ! secret gov]nance ( life1 &   
p5etrat$ ) its au?ority into recesses   
beyond ! rea*1 n ( !  arm ( adm9i/ration
 only1 b ( ! def9itions ( ! wide/ code4 
,b 9 ?is respect also our au?or fails to

 realize our hopes4 ,he gives  u a book 
( fancies r ?an ( facts1 & in/ead (     
pa9t+  exi/5ce1 :i* is transi5t1 & mu/  
be caught z x flies1 occupies  himself 9
 describ+ nons5se1 :i* is always to be  
_h4 ,!  enormities ( ,helagabalus1 ?\gh 
/>+ him 9 ! face1 are no?+  to him 9    
comp>ison ) h]esy 9 ,less] ,asia1 :i*   
keeps ,ea/] on a  wrong day4 ,he is %ut 
up )9 ! int]ior circle ( ! community (  
believ]s1 & gives b a s+le glimpse      
beyond2 & builds = u no  bridge to      
aboli% ! my/]i\s sep>ation (            
ecclesia/ical & ideal  f civil & real   
exi/5ce 9 ! e>ly ages ( our fai?4 ,he is
 n  peculi> 9 ?is defect4 ,we all ( u   
live 9 ! mid/ ( hi/ory  )\t kn[+ x1 &   
ourselves make hi/ory )\t feel+ x2 &  t 
:i* w mo/ cle>ly pa9t u 9 ! ?\ght ( o!r 
times1  :i* w seem our p[] to !m1 our   
romance & nobl5ess1 )  :i*1 !re=e1 !y w 
mo/ crave to satiate _! eye1 is         
precisely :at is lea/ consci\sly pres5t 
to u1--! natural _s  & daily spr+ ( our 
common be+1 ?r\gh :i* n ! w ( man1  b ! 

provid5ce ( ,god1 works its appo9t$     
ends4 ,at all ev5ts1 !  insight :i* we  
%\ld be be/ pleas$ to ga9 into ! life ( 
!  ?ird c5tury is n giv5 ev5            
incid5tally1 except 9 ! scantie/        
measure1 by ! ,philosophum5a1 :i* we mu/
 rank1 9 ?is respect1  bel[ !           
,apologies1 & ) ! writ+s ( ,ir5u &      
,epiphanius4  ,! book is dogmatic &     
controv]sial1 & ! int]e/ atta*$ to x    
arises entirely f its be+ a regi/] (    
op9ion1 a new witness to  ! ?\ghts ab\t 
div9e ?+s1 :i* ! ,*ri/ianity ( its p]iod
  own$ & dis[n$4 ,= ^? :o c>e at all to 
"k ! /ate (  belief a c5tury be=e !     
,c\ncil ( ,nice1 ! "w possesses a high  
value4 ,b ! wor? ( ?is sort ( in=mation 
is itself a ?+  disput$1 at lea/ its    
religi\s wor?2 & w be v diff]5tly       
e/imat$1 accord+ to ! preconception :i* 
occupies u z to !  nature ( ,div9e      
,revelation1 & ! s\rces op5 to u = !    
atta9m5t ( sacr$ tru?4 ,"h x is t we f9d
 ,m4 ,buns5's great  & peculi> /r5g?4 ,8
 religi\s philosophy1 tak5 by itself1   

br+s  u occasionally to a pause ( d\bt4 
,8 hi/orical criticism is n  always     
conv9c+4 ,b 8 doctr9e ( ! relation      
betwe5 religion  & hi/ory1 ( ! m+l+ (   
div9e & human elem5ts 9 ! !atre  ( "t1 &
 ( ! special ag5cy ( ,*ri/ianity 9 !    
spiritual  education ( mank9d1 appe>s to
 u pr(\ndly true & beautiful4 ,?is  x is
 t makes him atta* s mu* importance to !
 cre$ ( !  second & ?ird c5turies1 & to 
! new light n[ ?r[n ^u x2 an  importance
 :i*1 f e ord9>y po9t ( view1 c sc>cely 
fail  to appe> fanciful & exagg]at$4    
,! ,roman ,ca?olic1 = in/ance1 ent]ta9s 
a conception ab\t :at  sacr$ tru? is1 & 
h[ x is to be _h1 :i*1 leav+ no?+ to    
dep5d on new discov]ies1 dis*>ges all ! 
ri*e/ int]e/ f  any fre% k we may ga9 ( 
religion 9 ! pa/4 ,) him  div9e tru?1 s 
f> z x is special to ,*ri/5dom1 is      
some?+  :olly =eign to ! human m9d1     
intr9sically unrelat$ to any  faculty we
 h4 ,9 be+ sup]natural1 x belongs to    
ano!r sph]e  ?an t to :i* our ?\ght is  
re/rict$1 & is totally )drawn  f all !  

movem5ts ( our nature4 ,x consi/s1      
inde$1 9 a set (  objective facts f :i* 
we are abs5t1 & :i* no ratioc9ation  (  
ours c seize1 any m ?an our e> c tell   
:e!r !re be  music on ,saturn's r+4 ,!re
 is no human consci\sness answ]+ to  x2 
& to resort ?i!r = x is l ask+ ! dream] 
or !  bl9dfold to describe ! sc5e 9 :i* 
he /&s1 or consult+ y\r  own feel+s to  
le>n :at is go+ on 9 ,pek9 or ,japan4   
,on ?is  !ory1 ! objects ( fai? are     
conceiv$ ( z objects (  p]ception1 only 
by s5ses o!rwise con/itut$ ?an ours2 we 
c  h no surmise ab\t !m1 till !y are    
ann\nc$ to u by qualifi$  p]cipi5ts1 &  
no compreh5sion ( !m ev5 !n1 b only     
reception ( !m z facts import$ = u f    
abroad4 ,! be>+ (  ?is doctr9e (        
invisible realism on ! treatm5t (       
ecclesia/ical  hi/ory is manife/4 ,!    
inaccessible facts are deposit$ ) !     
sac]dotal corporation2 ) :om alone is   
ve/$ ! duty & !  p[] ( /at+ & def9+ !m4 
,!y are n inde$ all /at$ &  def9$ 9 _!  
la/ amplitude at once2 = def9ition is   

always an  enclosure ( ! true by        
exclusion ( ! false2 & x is only 9      
proportion z ! dream+ p]v]sity ( m5 ?r[s
 =? "o delusive  fancy aft] ano!r1 t !  
,*ur* draws l9e aft] l9e to %ut !       
intrusion out4 ,if ! cre$s seem to      
enl>ge z ! c5turies pass1 x  is n t !y h
 m tru? to give1 b only m error to      
remove4 ,! div9e facts 7 conceiv$ aright
 & conceiv$ complete  9 ! m9ds (        
,apo/les & ,evangeli/s1 b !y 7 n        
contemplat$ !n z aga9/ ! follies &      
contradictions oppos$  to !m 9 lat]     
times2 b z soon z ! h\r came = ?is      
antagonism to be felt1 ! infallible     
p]ception secur$ 9 p]petuity  to ! liv+ 
hi]>*y suppli$ ! due v]dict ( rejection4
 ,to !  ,ca?olic1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ianity 0  
made up & f9i%$1 its  treasury 0 full1 9
 ! fir/ g5]ation2 its p[] ( developm5t  
is only ! refusal ( deviation2 & its    
intellectual life is tame z  ! /ory ( "s
 p]fect h]o1 :o does no?+ b /& /ill &   
repel temptations4 ,! hi/ory ( doctr9es 
?us becomes a hi/ory (  h]esies2 !      

primitive /ock ( tradition & ,scripture 
mu/1 on !  "o h&1 be ma9ta9$ entire 9 ! 
face ( all possible exposures  by       
critical rese>*2 &1 on ! o!r1 rema9 9   
et]nal b>r5ness  & produce no m4        
,natural k1 :e!r ( ! _w or (  humanity1 
may gr[ cont9ually1 b ! new ?\ghts x may
 lead u to  ent]ta9 ( ,god are ei!r n   
new1 or n true2 & e  pret5d$ enri*m5t ( 
tru? is no?+ b evolution ( falsehood4   
,?is removal ( all v>iety f religion1   
?is expulsion ( life &  *ange into !    
negative region ( ab]ration & d5ial1    
evisc]ates  ! pa/ ( its dev\t int]e/1   
re/s ! /udy ( x on contempt  in/ead (   
rev]5ce = man2 ) all its pi\s air1 x    
simply  betrays hi/ory ) a kiss1 &      
deliv]s x ov] = scribes to  buffet &    
*ief prie/s to crucify4 ,%ort "w is made
 9 ?is way (  any fre% witness1 l !     
au?or ( our book1 :o turns up           
unexpect$ly f an e>ly age4 ,does he     
speak 9 agreem5t ) !  hi]>*ical /&>ds8  
,he only fl+s ano!r voice into !        
cons5sus ( ob$i5t believ]s4 ,does he say

 any?+ at v>iance  ) ! regula fidei8 ,!n
 h we only to see 9 :at class (  h]etics
 he /&s4 ,8 te/imony is ei!r sup]flu\s  
or mislead+4    ,! ,prote/ant1 ( !      
approv$ ,engli% type1 arrives1 "u       
guidance  ( a diff]5t ?\ght1 at ! same  
flat & indiff]5t result4  ,?\gh he gives
 a m subjective "* to div9e tru? ?an !  
,roman ,ca?olic1 & br+s bo? ! want & !  
supply ( x m  )9 ! atte/ation (         
consci\sness1 he puts its discov]y      
equally  beyond ! rea* ( our ru9$       
faculties1 & equally cuts x (f f  all   
relation to philosophy & ! natural liv+ 
ex]cise ( reason  & consci5ce4 ,he fur!r
 agrees t 8 =eign gift ( revelation  0  
import$ all at once1 & all complete1    
into our _w1 )9 !  ,apo/olic age2 t !   
conceptions ( t "t are an au?oritative  
rule = all succe$+ c5turies2 & t e new] 
doctr9e is to  be reg>d$ z a false      
accretion1 to be flung (f into !        
incompet5t  & b>r5 spaces ( human       
speculation4 ,he d5ies1 h[ev]1 !  tw(old
 vehicle ( ?is preci\s gift2 &1 cancell+

 altoge!r !  oral tradition &           
indet]m9ate ,*ri/ian consci\sness ( !   
e>ly  ,*ur*1 %uts up ! :ole cont5ts (   
religion )9 ! canonical  ,scriptures4 ,!
 gu>dian%ip ( unwritt5 tradition be+    
aboli%$1  & ! canon requir+ no          
gu>dian%ip at all1 ! tru/ deposit$  ) ! 
hi]>*y disappe>s2 & no p]man5t          
inspiration1 no  au?oritative judicial  
function1 9 matt]s ( fai?1 rema9s4      
,:atev] ,holy ,_s cont9ues 9 ! ,*ur* is 
n a progressively  tea*+ _s1 :i* c ev]  
imp>t ?\ghts or exp]i5ces unkn[n  to !  
fir/ believ]s2 b a p]sonally com=t+ &   
animat+  _s1 ^: highe/ climax (         
enlight5m5t is ! exact  reproduction ( !
 primitive /ate ( m9d4 ,! appreh5sion ( 
,div9e tru? is ?us r$uc$ to an affair ( 
v]bal int]pretation (  docum5ts2 & ?\gh 
9 ?is process !re is room = ! l>ge/     
play ( subjective feel+1 s t diff]5t    
m9ds1 diff]5t  nations1 diff]5t ages1 w 
unconsci\sly evolve v v>i\s  results2 ^!
 are n to be reg>d$ z possible ,div9e   
enri*m5ts  ( ! fai?1 b to be br\ght     

rigidly to ! /&>d ( !  e>lie/ ,*ur*1 &  
dis[n$ :]ev] !y include :at 0 abs5t     
!re4 ,?is view is less mis*iev\s ?an !  
,roman ,ca?olic1 only  because x is m   
inconsequ5t & confus$4 ,! canon :i* y   
take  z sacr$ 0 select$ & set 9 au?ority
 by ! unwritt5  consci\sness & tradition
 :i* y reject z pr(ane4 ,! ,*ur*  exi/$ 
be=e its records2 express$ its life 9   
ways spread+  indef9itely beyond !m2 &  
nei!r 0 exempt f human elem5ts  till !y 
7 f9i%$1 nor lo/ ! ,div9e _s :5 !y 7    
done4 ,s arbitr>y a doctr9e corrupts !  
beauty ( ,scripture1 &  dead5s ! noble/ 
int]e/ ( hi/ory4 ,if ! ,new ,te/am5t is 
to  s]ve z an infallible /&>d1 x is ?us 
committ$ to p]fect unity  &             
self-consi/5cy2 & y are oblig$ to cont5d
 t ! v>i\s  types ( doctr9e f\nd )9 its 
compass--! ,messianic conceptions  (    
,mat!w & ,john1 ! ,fai? ( ,paul &       
,james1 ! eu*>i/ic  conceptions ( ! fir/
 ,evangeli/s & ! la/1 ! es*atology (  ! 
,apocalypse & ! ,epi/les--are only      
diff]5t sides ( "o &  ! same belief1    

color$ ) ! t9ts & %ad+s ( sev]al m9ds4  
,h[ utt]ly inadequate su* an hypo!sis is
 to ! explanation ( !  ,scriptural      
ph5om5a1 :at a di/ort$ & absurd         
repres5tation x  gives ( ! sacr$ writ]s1
 & _! mode ( ?\ght1 is be/ kn[n  to ^?  
:o h hone/ly tri$ to deal ) ! f\r?      
,gospel1 =  in/ance1 z hi/orically !    
supplem5t ( ! o!rs1 &  dogmatically ( ! 
,book ( ,revelation2 to suppose !       
,logos-doctr9e  tacitly pres5t 9 !      
spee*es ( ,pet]2 to detect ! pre-exi/5ce
  9 ,m>k1 or remove x f ,john2 or to    
id5tify ! ,p>aclete ) !  gifts (        
,p5teco/4 ,all feel+ ( liv+ reality is  
lo/ f our  picture ( ! ,apo/olic "t1 :5 
its outl9es are ?us blurr$1 its         
contra/s de/roy$1 its gr\p$ figures     
effac$1 & ! :ole melt$  away by !       
p]sev]+ drizzle ( a wat]y criticism into
 a muddy  glory r\nd ! place :]e ,*ri/  
%\ld be4 ,if1 moreov]1 we are to  f9d   
ev]y?+ 9 ! fir/ age1 !n ! second1 & !   
?ird1 &  all o!rs1 mu/ be worse1 j 9 s  
f> z !y diff] f x2 &  ! :ole c\rse (    

succe$+ ?\ght1 ! wid5+ & deep5+ (  !    
,*ri/ian fai? & feel+1 ! swell+ ( its   
/ream by !  lapse into x ( ,ori5tal     
,gnosis & ,hell5ic ,platonism & !       
,we/]n ,consci5ce1 mu/ be a ceaseless   
deg5]acy4 ,?us to !  ,bibliolat] z to ! 
,romani/1 ,div9e tru? has no hi/ory     
among  m51 unless x be ! hi/ory (       
decl9e1 or ( recov]y pur*as$ by  decl9e4
 ,he also w accord+ly c>e no?+ ab\t :at 
! p  ( ,caius or ,hippolytus ?\ght4 ,is 
x 9 ! ,bible8 ,if s1 he knew x  be=e4   
,is x n 9 ! ,bible8 ,!n he has no?+ to d
 ) x b  ?r[ x away4 ,by a fitt+         
retribution1 ?is mop+ wor%ip ( !  lett] 
( a book & ! cre$ ( a g5]ation br+s x to
 pass t  bo? are lo/ to ! m9d 9 a dismal
 haze ( ignorance &  misconception2 & if
 ! ,evangelical believ] c\ld be         
transport$  sudd5ly f ,exet] ,hall into 
! company ( ! twelve 9 ,j]usalem1  or ! 
,proseu*a :i* ,paul ent]s on ! banks ( !
 ,/rymon1 or !  room :]e ! ,agape is    
prep>$ at ,rome1 we are p]suad$ t he    
w\ld f9d a sc5e new] to 8 expectations  

?an by any o!r  migration into a kn[n "t
 & place4    ,b n[ let u aboli% ?is     
isolation f ! re/ ( human exi/5ce  ( !  
incunabula ( our fai?1 & ?r[ op5 t "t to
 free  relation ) ! :ole provid5ce (    
humanity4 ,suppose ,*ri/ianity  to be ! 
influ5ce ^u ! _w ( a ,div9e ,p]son1--9  
quality  div9e1 9 quantity human1--^:   
,epiphany 0 det]m9$ at a crisis  ( ripe 
conditions = ! rescue1 ! evolution1 !   
spread ( holy  & sanctify+ tru?4 ,:at   
are ^? conditions8 ,!y consi/ ma9ly  9 !
 co-pres5ce1 )9 ! embrace ( "o va/ /ate1
 ( two  opposite races or types ( m51   
bo? hav+ a p>tial gift ( div9e          
appreh5sion1 & hold+ 9 *>ge an          
indisp5sable elem5t ( tru?2  bo? ) _!   
spiritual life v]g+ to exhau/ion &      
capable ( no  sep>ate ef=t m2 & ea*     
unconsci\sly p9+ away = want (  !       
complem5t ( ?\ght :i* ! o!r only c\ld   
supply4 ,!  ,hebrew br\ght 8 int5se     
feel+ ( ! ,p]sonality ( ,god2  conceiv+ 
?is 9 s conc5trat$ a =m z to exclude !  
prop]  notion ( inf9itude1 & r5d] ,him  

only ! mo/ p[]ful ,be+ 9  ! ,univ]se1   
its ,mon>*1--wield+ ! creatures z 8     
puppets1--act+ hi/orically ^u its sc5es 
z objective to ,him1 &  by ! annals ( 8 
pa/ ag5cy supply+ to ! ,abrahamic family
 a  religion ( ar*ives & docum5ts4 ,!   
sov]eignty ( ,jehovah rais$  him to an  
immeasurable height above 8 creation2   
dw>f$ all o!r  exi/5ce2 plac$ him by    
nature at a di/ance f m51 & only by     
condesc5sion all[+ ( approximation4 ,&  
h5ce 8 wor%ipp]s1  9 proportion z !y    
ador$ 8 greatness1 felt ! littl5ess (   
all  else2 acquir$ a temp] t[>ds _!     
fell[-m51 if n sev]e &  scornful1 at    
lea/ n rev]5t & t5d]2 & reg>d$ !m z     
sep>ate 9 k9d f ,him1 m]e du/ on !      
balance or locu/s 9 !  field4 ,!        
religion ( ! ,hell5ic race began at !   
o!r  end1--f ! mid/ ( human life1 its   
my/]ies1 its /ruggles1 its  nobl5ess1   
its mixture ( h]oic ,free-w & awful     
,de/9y2 &  _! deepe/ rev]5ce1 _! quicke/
 recognition ( ! ,div9e1 0  direct$     
t[>ds ! s\l ( a man v9dicat+ its gr&eur1

 ?\gh x  %\ld be aga9/ sup]human p[]s4  
,9 proportion z m5 7 great1  beautiful1 
& good1 did !y appe> to be z less] gods1
 & e>?  & heav5 to be fill$ ) ! same    
race4 ,?\ght1 consci5ce1  admiration 9 !
 human m9d 7 n p]sonal accid5ts         
sep>ately  orig9at+ 9 ea* individual2 b 
! sympa!tic response ( our  common      
intellect1 /&+ 9 front ( ,nature1 to !  
k9dr$ life (  ! ,div9e intellect beh9d  
,nature1 & ev] pass+ into expression    
?r\gh x4 ,:5 ?is feel+ ( ! ,hell5ic race
 became reflective1  & organiz$ itself  
into philosophy1 x repres5t$ ! univ]se z
  ! et]nal assumption ( =m by ! ,div9e  
?\ght1 :i* we 7  enabl$ to read (f by   
our ess5tial id5tity ( nature4 ,h5ce a  
:ole  s]ies ( conceptions q diff]5t f ! 
,hebrew repres5tations2  in/ead (       
,creation1 ,evolution ( be+2 in/ead (   
,int]position  f )\t1 ,inc>nation op]at+
 f )92 in/ead ( ,omnipot5t  ,w1         
,univ]sal ,?\ght2 assign+ z ! ideal (   
man's p]fection1  n s mu* ob$i5ce to    
,law1 z similitude ( ,m9d to ,god2 &    

t5d+ pr$om9antly n to /r5g? 9 ,morals1 b
 to beauty 9 ,art4  ,^! two opposite    
t5d5cies _h run _! sep>ate c\rse1 &     
exp5d$ _! prop] hi/ory2 & 7 talk+       
wildly1 z 9 !  approa*+ delirium ( dea?4
 ,b !y are ! two factors ( all  religi\s
 tru?3 & to fuse !m toge!r1 to make x   
impossible t  ei!r %\ld p]i% or %\ld    
rema9 alone1 ! ,*ri/ 0 giv5 to  ! _w1 s 
s+ul>ly balanc$ betwe5 !m1 t nei!r c\ld 
resi/ 8 p[]1 b bo? 7 drawn into x = !   
reg5]ation (  mank9d4 ,9 ! accid5ts ( 8 
lot giv5 to ! "o race1 & only  baffl+ ! 
visions ( prophets to transc5d !m2 9 !  
ess5ce (  8 nature1 s augu/ & attractive
 to ! o!r t ! fai? 9  ,inc>nation 0     
irresi/ible2 pres5t$ to ! ,hebrews by 8 
mortal  bir?1 & snat*$ f !m by 8        
immortal2 /opp+ by 8  hol9ess ! m\? (   
,law1 & c>ry+ x up into ! high] region  
( ,fai? & ,love2 9 ! ,temple wi%+ !     
,temple gone1 t !re  might be op5       
communion1 ,_s ) ,_s2 translat+         
sacrifice  into self-sacrifice2--he _h e
 requisite = conciliat+ &  bl5d+ !      

sep>at$ elem5ts ( tru? :i*1 = s _m ages1
 _h  be5 conv]g+ t[>ds him4 ,b if ?is 0 
! function  provid5tially assign$ to    
him1 & = :i* ! div9e & human  7 s bl5d$ 
9 him1 x is a function :i* c\ld n be    
accompli%$ 9 a mom5t1 9 a g5]ation1 9 a 
c5tury4 ,x is an  hi/orical function1   
freely dem&+ "t = its !atre2 & z  !     
sep>ate factors _h occupi$ ages 9 atta9+
 _! rip5ess =  comb9ation1 s mu/ _!     
fusion consume _m a lifetime (          
eff]vesc+ ?\ght1 ere ! homog5e\s tru?   
appe>$4 ,! words (  ,*ri/ are n 9 ?is   
view ! end 9 :i* ,revelation t]m9ates2  
b ! means giv5 to u ( kn[+ himself1     
contributions to !  picture we =m ( 8   
p]sonality4 ,nor are ! s5tim5ts ( 8     
imm$iate foll[]s ab\t 8 (fice & position
 9 ! s*eme (  ,provid5ce any?+ m        
au?oritative to u ?an ! incipi5t        
attempts made1 :5 8 influ5ce 0 fre%1 to 
grasp ! :ole ( 8  relations :ile only a 
"p 0 to be se54 ,! records ( ! great    
crisis are no d\bt ( sup]lative value1 z
 ! vehicles by :i*  alone we und]/& &   

feel its p[]2 b _! value is lo/ if  !y  
are to dictate tru? to our passive      
acceptance1 in/ead (  quick5+ our reason
 & consci5ce to f9d x3 !y /op 9 ?is way 
! v developm5t :i* !y 7 to lead1 &      
disappo9t ,*ri/ (  ! v "w he came to    
a*ieve4 ,human elem5ts 7 inevitably &   
fully pres5t 9 ! fir/ age & its         
,scriptures1 z 9 e o!r2  & ! transitory 
+r$i5ts !y h left1 x is a duty to deta* 
f ! et]nal tru?4 ,& z conditions ( f9ite
 imp]fection  _c be bani%$ f ! c5tral   
era1 nei!r c ! guidance (  ! ,inf9ite   
,_s be d5i$1 :e!r among ! ,hebrew1 !    
,hell5ic1  or ! ,*ri/ian p1 9 ! ages    
be=e & aft]4 ,9 t new  developm5t (     
human consci\sness & k 9 reg>d to ,god1 
:i* we call ,*ri/ianity1 all ! requisite
 conditions--viz4 !  factors tak5 up1 ! 
,p]son :o bl5ds !m1 & ! cont9u\s        
product !y evolve--include ,div9e       
,inspiration z well z ,human            
,reflection1--! liv+ pres5ce & communion
 ( ! ,et]nal ) !  ,transitory ,m9d1 ( ! 
p]fectly ,good ) ! good 9 ! ,imp]fect4  

,to dis5gage ! "o f ! o!r1 to treasure  
up ! true & holy  t is born ( ,god1 &   
let fall ! false & wrong t is infus$  by
 man1 is possible only to ,reason &     
,consci5ce1 is inde$ !  p]petual "w 9   
:i* !y live2 ! d5ial ( :i* is n m]ely   
,a!ism1 b ,devil-wor%ip1--n ! b>e       
negation1 b ! positive  rev]sal1 (      
religion1--! virtual affirmation t ,god 
inde$  exi/s1 b exi/s z ,un-reason &    
,un-good4 ,no me*anical1 no             
*ronological sep>ation c be effect$ ( ! 
,div9e f ! ,human1  ! ,reveal$ f !      
,unreveal$1 9 fai?2 !re is no p]son1 no 
book1 no age1 no ,*ur*1 9 :i* bo? d n   
meet1 & require to be  dis5tangl$ ! "o f
 ! o!r2 b ! p]sev]ance ( ,god's  liv+ & 
self-h>moni\s ,_s ?r\gh\t ! discordant  
errors (  dy+ g5]ations enables ! m5 mo/
 apt & fai?ful to 8 voice  to "k m & m  
:at 8 reality is1 & drop ! semblances by
  :i* x is disguis$4 ,! effect ( ?is    
view on our e/imate (  ecclesia/ical    
lit]ature is evid5t4 ,z1 accord+ to x1 !
  ,apo/olic p]iod is n exempt$ f        

critical judgm5t1 s nei!r  are succe$+  
times to be )\t _! claim on religi\s    
rev]5ce4  ,! canonical books ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t fall back into ! g5]al  mass ( 
lit]ature record+ ! e>lie/ k &          
consci\sness  ( ! disciples1 nei!r      
deta*$1 z a my/]i\s :ole1 f o!r         
productions ( _! "t1 nor exclud+ !      
greate/ div]sities (  value among       
!mselves4 ,!y exhibit ! fir/ /ruggl+    
ef=ts--n  always concurr5t 9 _!         
direction--( an awak5+ spiritual life1  
to int]pret a rec5t ,div9e manife/ation1
 & to solve by x !  problem ( ! _w's    
,provid5ce4 ,_! v fre%ness & proximity  
to ! great figure ( ,*ri/ 0 by no means 
an unmix$ advantage to  ^! ef=ts2 & !y 7
 n s complete & successful z to  sup]s$e
 _! cont9uance 9 ! next & foll[+        
g5]ations1  :i* lay "u no incompet5cy = 
_! prosecution1 & are z  likely1 s f> z 
antec$5t probability goes1 to h enri*$ &
  improv$1 z to h impov]i%$ & spoil$1 ! 
e>li] doctr9e (  ,*ri/'s relation to    
,god & to mank9d4 ,! *asm ?us disappe>s 

betwe5 ! ,apo/olic age & its successor2 
! products ( ! fir/  are n to be accept$
 simply because !y are !re1 nor ^? ( !  
second reject$ because !y are abs5t f ! 
fir/2 nor is  ev]y?+ to be admitt$ on   
%[+ t x /&s 9 bo?1 & ev5  _h a t5ure    
long en\gh to become ! prescriptive     
occupant ( !  ,*ur*4 ,! ,ca?olic is "r 9
 cl++ to ! cont9u\s ?read (  ,div9e     
,inspiration b9d+ ! c5turies ( ,*ri/5dom
 toge!r2 &  9 ma9ta9+ t ! expression (  
true doctr9e gr[s full] )  "t4 ,he is   
wrong 9 mak+ ! ,_s ov] to an hi]>*ical  
corporation2 & 9 treat+ ! o/5sible gr[? 
( doctr9e z !  m]e negation ( h]esies4  
,! ,prote/ant is "r 9 rescu+ f  ! haze (
 unc]ta9 tradition ! real hi/orical     
gr\nd ( 8  religion1 & sett+ x 9 ! focus
 ( an int5se rev]5ce2 & 9  reject+      
:atev] _c be adju/$ ) ! cle> facts &    
ess5tial ,_s ( t primitive ,gospel4 ,he 
is wrong 9 8  insulation ( t "t z a sole
 au?oritative age ( gold5 days1 9  :i* !
 fai? _h nei!r error nor defect1 & f :i*
 x mu/  be copi$1 ) dagu]reotype        

exactitude1 into e disciple's m9d4      
,keep ! positive elem5ts1 de/roy !      
negative limitations ( bo?  ^! sy/ems1 &
 ! true conception ( ,*ri/ianity em]ges4
 ,z a  sy/em ( self-consci\s doctr9e1 x 
is a religi\s ,philosophy1  />t+ f !    
hi/orical appe>ance ( ,*ri/ z an        
expression (  ,god 9 human life1 &      
always deta9$ ar\nd ?is "o object z its 
c5tre2 & 9 its developm5t consult+ n !  
idiosyncrasies &  conceits ( private &  
p]sonal reflection1 b ! dev\t           
consci\sness & spiritual cons5sus ( all 
,*ri/ian ages & all  holy m54 ,all      
religion is ! product ( an action ( !   
,inf9ite  m9d ^u ! f9ite3 9 ! ,*ri/ian  
religion t action takes  place ^u s\ls  
engag$ 9 ! contemplation ( ,*ri/ z !    
manife/ation ( ,god's moral nature4 ,?is
 giv5 object rema9+ !  same1 !re is room
 = indef9ite expansion & v>iety2 & e    
develop$ =m is to be tri$1 n by its     
date1 b by ! te/s (  tru? relevant to   
religi\s philosophy4    ,h[ f> ,m4      
,buns5 w\ld recognize 8 own doctr9e 9   

?is exposition  we _c say2 b )\t int5d+ 
9 ! lea/ to make him  responsible = x1  
we ?9k x does n ess5tially deviate f 8  
s*eme ( ?\ght4 ,! philosophical         
aphorisms 9 :i* he has  embodi$ 8       
speculative fai? foll[ an ord] :i* we   
%\ld h  spoil$1 _h we1 = our pres5t     
purpose1 s br\ght !m toge!r z  to make  
!m speak = !mselves4 ,& ?\gh !y display 
! same  a/oni%+ comm& ( our language1 9 
:i* ! au?or nev] fails1  ! ca/ ( !      
?\ghts is s ,teutonic1 t few ,engli%    
read]s1 x  is to be fe>$1 w appreciate  
_! dep? & ri*ness4 ,!  compla9t1 :i* we 
h he>d & se51 t !y are :olly            
un9telligible1 is inde$ purely          
ridicul\s1 except t x sadly  illu/rates 
! ext5t to :i* reflection1 & ev5 feel+1 
on su*  subjects has ceas$ 9 ,engl&4 ,m4
 ,buns51 we c assure our read]s1  kn[s  
:at he means1 & lucidly /ates :at he    
means2 & ^? :o  miss 8 mean+ h = ! mo/  
"p no slight loss4 ,! foll[+  s5t5ces1  
:i* ! greate/ suff]] f philosophobia may
 dr9k 9  )\t convulsions1 w expla9 8    

idea ( ,revelation1 9 its  be>+ ^u ! use
 ( writt5 records4 ,! m]e ,natural      
,religion  ( ! ,dei/1 he obs]ves1 0--   
,! negative reaction aga9/ ! equally    
unt5able1 unphilosophical1  & irrational
 notion1 t revelation 0 no?+ b an       
ext]nal  hi/orical act4 ,su* a notion   
entirely loses sight ( ! inf9ite or     
et]nal factor ( revelation1 f\nd$ bo? 9 
! nature ( !  inf9ite & t ( ! f9ite m9d1
 ( ,god & man4    ,?is het]odox notion  
became /ill m obnoxi\s1 by its imag9+   
some?+ high] 9 ! manife/ation ( ,god's w
 & be+ ?an !  human m9d1 :i* is !       
div9ely-appo9t$ organ ( div9e           
manife/ation1 & 9 a d\ble mann]2 ideally
 9 mank9d1 z object1  hi/orically 9 !   
individual man1 z in/rum5t4    ,! notion
 ( a m]ely hi/orical revelation by      
writt5 records is z  unhi/orical z x is 
un9tellectual & mat]iali/ic4 ,x         
necess>ily  leads to untru? 9           
philosophy1 to unreality 9 religi\s     
?\ght1 &  to ,feti*ism 9 wor%ip4 ,x     
misund]/&s ! process necess>ily  impli$ 

9 e hi/orical repres5tation4 ,! =m (    
express+ !  manife/ation ( ,god 9 ! m9d1
 z if ,god 0 himself us+ human  spee* to
 man1 & 0 ?us himself f9ite & a man1 is 
a =m  inh]5t 9 ! nature ( human ?\ght z 
embodi$ 9 language1 its  own rational   
expression4 ,x 0 orig9ally nev] meant to
 be  und]/ood mat]iali/ically1 because !
 religi\s consci\sness  :i* produc$ x 0 
ess5tially spiritual2 &1 inde$1 x c only
  be ?us misund]/ood by ^? :o make x a  
rule & crit]ion (  fai?1 nev] to connect
 any ?\ght :atev] ) :at !y are  expect$ 
to believe z div9ely true4    ,e        
religion is positive4 ,x is1 !re=e1     
ju/ly call$ a  religion 'made manife/'  
7(f5b>t71 or1 z ! ,engli% t]m has  x1   
reveal$2 t is to say1 x supposes an     
action ( ! inf9ite  m9d1 or ,god1 ^u !  
f9ite m9d1 or man1 by :i* ,god1 9 8     
relation to man1 becomes manife/ or     
visible4 ,?is c be m$iate1  ?r\gh !     
manife/ation ( ,god 9 ! ,univ]se (      
,nature2 or a  direct1 imm$iate action1 
?r\gh ! religi\s consci\sness4    ,?is  

second action is call$ reveal$1 9 !     
/ricte/ s5se4 ,!  m a religion manife/s 
( ! real sub/ance & nature ( ,god1 &  ( 
8 relation to ! univ]se & to man1 ! m x 
des]ves !  "n ( a div9e manife/ation1 or
 ( ,revelation4 ,b no religion  :i*     
exi/s c\ld exi/ )\t some?+ ( tru?1      
reveal$ to man1  ?r\gh ! creation1 &    
?r\gh 8 m9d4    ,su* a direct           
communication ( ! ,div9e m9d z is call$ 
,revelation has necess>ily two factors1 
:i* are unit$ly work+ 9  produc+ x4 ,!  
"o is ! inf9ite factor1 or ! direct     
manife/ation ( et]nal tru? to ! m9d1 by 
! p[] :i* t  m9d has ( p]ceiv+ x2 =     
human p]ception is ! correlate (  div9e 
manife/ation4 ,!re c\ld be no revelation
 ( ,god if !re 0  n ! correspond+       
faculty 9 ! human m9d to receive x1 z   
!re is no manife/ation ( light :]e !re  
is no eye to see x4    ,?is inf9ite     
factor is1 ( c\rse1 n hi/orical2 x is   
inh]5t 9  e individual s\l1 only ) an   
imm5se diff]5ce 9 ! degree4    ,! action
 ( ! ,inf9ite ^u ! m9d1 is ! miracle (  

hi/ory  & ( religion1 equal to ! miracle
 ( creation4    ,miracle1 9 its highe/  
s5se1 is !re=e ess5tially &  und\bt$ly  
an op]ation ( ! ,div9e m9d ^u ! human   
m9d4 ,by  t action ! human m9d becomes  
inspir$ ) a new life1 :i*  _c be expla9$
 by any prec$5t ( ! selfi% 7natural7    
life1  b is its absolute contr>y4 ,?is  
miracle requires no pro(2 !  exi/5ce &  
action ( religi\s life is its pro(1 z ! 
_w is  ! pro( ( creation4    ,! second  
factor ( revelation is ! f9ite or       
ext]nal4 ,?is  means ( div9e            
manife/ation is1 9 ! fir/ place1 a      
univ]sal "o1  ! ,univ]se or ,nature4 ,b1
 9 a m special s5se1 x is a  hi/orical  
manife/ation ( div9e tru? ?r\gh ! life &
 tea*+  ( high] m9ds among m54 ,^! m5 ( 
,god are em95t individuals1  :o         
communicate some?+ ( et]nal tru? to _!  
bre?r52 &1 z  f> z !y !mselves are true1
 !y h 9 !m ! conviction1  t :at !y say &
 tea* ( ?+s div9e is an objective tru?4 
,!y !re=e firmly believe t x is         
indep5d5t ( _!  individual p]sonal      

op9ion & impression1 & w la/1 & n  p]i%1
 z _! p]sonal exi/5ce ^u e>? mu/4    ,! 
diff]5ce betwe5 ,*ri/ & o!r m5 ( ,god is
 analog\s to  t betwe5 ! manife/ation ( 
a "p1 & ( ! totality &  sub/ance1 ( !   
div9e m9d4--,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #fj1 seq4    
,! newly-f\nd "w1 l o!r productions ( ! 
same p]iod1 c  h only a di/urb+ int]e/ =
 ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,or?odox           
,prote/ant4 ,=1 9 conjunction ) previ\s 
evid5ce1 x %[s t  ! unbrok5 unity (     
tea*+ is altoge!r a fiction2 t :at      
aft]w>ds became h]esy 01 9 ! latt] "p ( 
! second  c5tury1 held 9 ! *ur* ( !     
primacy itself1 & by successors  ( ,/4  
,pet]2 t ! cl]gy ( ,rome1 s f> f own+ ! 
apo/olic au?ority ( _! *ief1 c\ld resi/ 
him z het]odox2 &  t ! cont5ts ( !      
,ca?olic sy/em1 f> f appe>+ z an        
inv>iable :ole f ! fir/1 7 a gradual    
syn!sis ( elem5ts  fl[+ 9 f new *annels 
( influ5ce br\ght into connection )  !  
fai?2 & z aga9/ ! approv$ type (        
,prote/ant1 x %[s  t 8 favorite s*eme ( 
dogma 0 /ill 9 a v unripe /ate1  & t    

fur!r back x _h be5 /ill m s2 s t if he 
b9ds  himself to ! e>lie/ cre$1 he may  
probably h to accept a  pr(ession :i* he
 h>dly reg>ds z ,*ri/ian at all4 ,b f ! 
?ird po9t ( view1 :i* assumes t         
developm5t is an inh]5t  necessity 9 a  
revelation1 & may add to its tru?1      
in/ead (  subtract+ f x1 ! monum5ts (   
,*ri/ian lit]ature f !  second>y p]iod h
 a positive int]e/1 free f all uneas9ess
  & al>m4 ,!y arre/ = u1 9 ! mid/1 !    
advance (  !ological belief t[>ds ! =m  
ultimately recogniz$ 9 !  ,*ur*1 &      
express$ 9 ! e/abli%$ cre$s2 !y r5d]    
visible  ! beautiful features & exp&$   
look ( ! fai?1 :5 its ,judaic  blood _h 
be5 cool$ by ! wat]s ( an ,hell5ic      
baptism2 & ?\gh  !y leave _m undet]m9$  
problems z to ! successive /eps by  :i* 
! orig9al ,hebrew type ( ! ,gospel 9    
,j]usalem 0  metamorphos$ into ! ,nic5e 
& hi]>*ical ,*ri/ianity1 !y fix  "s     
int]m$iate po9ts1 & make u pr(\ndly     
consci\s ( !  greatness ( ! *ange4    ,!
 au?or ( ! ,philosophum5a1 = in/ance1   

w\ld be /opp$ at  ! ?re%old ( e sect 9  
our own c\ntry1 & exclud$ z  het]odox4  
,he crosses ! l9es ( our !ological      
def9itions1 &  trespasses on =bidd5     
gr\nd1 9 e possible doctr9al direction4 
,c>d9al ,wiseman w\ld h no?+ to say to  
him2 = he is  insubord9ate to ! ,vic> ( 
,*ri/1 & pr(anely insi/s t a  pope may  
be depos$ by 8 own c\ncil ( presbyt]s4  
,! ,bi%op (  ,exet] w\ld refuse him     
in/itution2 = 8 ,tr9ity is imp]fect1 &  
he all[s no ,p]sonality to ! ,holy      
,gho/4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl9  might     
probably ?9k him a little h>d ^u        
,sabellius2 b1 if he  w\ld quietly sign 
! ,articles1 7:i*1 h[ev]1 he c\ld by no 
means  d17 might ab/a9 f retaliation1 & 
let him pass4 ,at ,man*e/]1  ,canon     
,/[ell w\ld keep him 9 hot wat] = 8     
respectable op9ion  ( human nature1 & 8 
l(ty doctr9e ( free-w4 ,9 ,ed9burgh1    
,dr4 ,c&li% w\ld n li/5 to a man :o _h  
no?+ to say (  reliance on ! imput$     
m]its ( ,*ri/4 ,! sapi5t bo>d at ,new   
,college1 ,/4 ,john's ,wood1 w\ld expel 

him = 8 loose notions (  ,inspiration4  
,& ! ,unit>ians w\ld f9d him too        
transc5d5tal1  make no common s5se out (
 8 notions ( ,inc>nation1 & recomm5d    
him to try ,g]many4 ,?is fact1 t a bi%op
 ( ! second & ?ird  c5turies w\ld be    
ecclesia/ically n a /rang] only1 b an   
outca/ among u1 is mo/ />tl+2 & ought   
surely to op5 ! eyes  ( mod]n ,*ri/ians 
to ! false & dang]\s position into :i*  
_! *ur*es h be5 br\ght by n>r[-he>t$ness
 &  ins9c]ity4 ,x w n be ,m4 ,buns5's   
fault if our ,*ur*m5 rema9  ins5sible to
 ! national p]il & disgrace ( ma9ta9+   
unre=m$ a sy/em long kn[n to h no he>t (
 mod]n reality1 &  n[ se5 to h z little 
gr\nd ( anci5t au?ority4 ,aga9 &  aga9  
he raises 8 voice ( e>ne/ & affectionate
 w>n+4 ,z a  =eign] dome/icat$ among u1 
z a s*ol> ( wide hi/orical view1  z a   
philosophical /atesman :o1 amid !       
diplomacy ( ! h\r1  desc5ds to ! spr+s (
 p]5nial life 9 nations1 z a ,*ri/ian   
:o pr(\ndly tru/s ! reality ( religion1 
& _c be dazzl$  by ! pret5ce1 he sees1 )

 a r>e cle>ness & bread?1 bo? !         
capabilities & ! dang]s ( our social &  
spiritual condition4 ,he  sees t ,god   
has giv5 to ! ,engli% p a moral         
massiv5ess &  v]acity ( "* :i* pres5ts !
 gr&e/ basis ( noble  fai?2 :ile le>n$  
selfi%ness & ari/ocratic apa?y uphold 9 
!  ,*ur* cre$s :i* only /upidity c sign 
)\t m5tal  res]vations1--a ,liturgy t   
cat*es ! scruple ( ! intellectual  )\t  
t\*+ ! en?usiasm ( ! popul> he>t1--a    
laity )\t  function1--a cl]gy )\t       
unity1--& a hi]>*y )\t p[]4 ,he  sees t 
our insul> position has imp>t$ to u a   
di/9ctive  nationality ( feel+1 supply+ 
copi\s elem5ts = coalesc5ce 9  a common 
religion2 :ile ob/9ate cons]vatism has  
p]mitt$ our  ,*ri/ianity to become our  
great divisive p[]1 & to dis9tegrate  u 
?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,he respects our free    
in/itutions1 :i*  su/a9 ! heal? ( our   
political life2 b beside !m he f9ds an  
ecclesia/ical sy/em ei!r impos$ by a    
dead & inflexible  necessity1 or left   
unguid$ to a :imsical volunt>yism1 :i*  

sep>ates ! comb9ations ( fai? f !       
relations (  neighborhood1 (            
municipality1 ( c\ntry4 ,) noble &      
ri*ly-end[$ univ]sities at ! exclusive  
disposal ( ! ,*ur*1  he f9ds ! !ological
 & philosophical sci5ces s %amefully    
neglect$1 t ,*ri/ian fai? notori\sly    
does n hold its  intellectual gr\nd1 & 9
 its retreat does no?+ to rea* a  firm] 
position2 b only prote/s its resolution 
to /& /ill1 &  raise a d9 aga9/ ! critic
 or metaphysic ho/ t drives x back4  ,is
 !re no "o 9 ?is great & hone/ c\ntry t 
has tru/ en\gh  9 ,god & tru?1 =esight  
en\gh ( ru9 f falsehood &  pret5ce1 to  
lay ! fir/ h& to ! "w ( r5ovation8 ,is  
/atesman%ip s infect$ ) neglig5t        
contempt ( mank9d1 t no  high-m9d$      
politician c be f\nd to c>e = ! highe/  
discipl9e  ( ! p1 & reorganize !        
in/itutions 9 :i* _!  consci5ce1 _!     
reason1 _! upw>d aspirations1 %\ld f9d  
life8  ,has ! ,*ur* no prophet ) fai?   
en\gh to fl+ aside cre$ &  college1 &   
fire )9 him to burn away m$ival         

p$antries1 &  dem& an alt> ( v]acity1 t 
may br+ u toge!r = common  "w & common  
pray]8 ,or is x to be left to ! /rong   
m51  exult+ 9 _! /r5g?1 & /orm+ ) !     
furor ( hone/  discont5t1 to settle ^!  
matt]s ) ! sl$ge-hamm] ( _!             
indignation8 ,mis]able hypocrisy6 to op5
 ! lips & lift ! eyes  to heav51 :ile   
beckon+ ) ! f+] ( apa?y to ^! pione]s  (
 ,necessity6 ,w\ld t "s might be f\nd to
 lay to he>t our  au?or's w>n+ & c\nsel 
9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3--    ,:ile we       
exclude all sugge/ions ( despair1 z be+ 
equally  unwor?y ( a man & ( a ,*ri/ian1
 we e/abli% two safe  pr9ciples4 ,! fir/
 is1 t1 9 all congregational &          
ecclesia/ical in/itutions1 ,*ri/ian     
fre$om1 )9 limits  con=mable to         
,scripture1 con/itutes ! fir/ requisite 
= a vital  re/oration4 ,! second        
fundam5tal pr9ciple is1 t e ,*ur*  mu/  
hold fa/ :at %e already possesses1 9 s  
f> z x pres5ts  itself to h]            
consci\sness z true & efficaci\s4 ,9    
virtue ( !  fir/ condition1 %e w comb9e 

,reason & ,scripture 9 due  proportions2
 by virtue ( ! second1 %e w di/+ui%     
betwe5  ,_s & ,lett]1 betwe5 ,idea &    
,=m4 ,no ext]nal cl]ical =ms  & m$ival  
reflexes ( bygone social & intellectual 
conditions c  save u1 nor c sect>ian    
s*isms & isolation f national life4     
,nei!r c le>n$ speculations1 & /ill less
 ! incomp>ably m  arrogant dreams ( !   
unle>n$4 ,sci5tific consci\sness mu/    
dive  into real life1 & refre% itself 9 
! feel+s ( ! p1 &  t no "o w be able to 
d )\t hav+ made himself ?or\ghly        
conv]sant ) ! suff]+s & ! sorr[s ( !    
l[e/ classes  ( society4 ,= out ( !     
feel+ ( ^! suff]+s & sorr[s1 z  be+ to a
 great degree ! mo/ ext5sive & mo/      
deep-seat$  product ( evil1--t is1 (    
selfi%ness1--arose1 eighte5 hundr$  ye>s
 ago1 ! div9e bir? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! new
 bir?1 h[ev]1  requires new pangs (     
labor1 & n only on ! "p ( individuals1  
b ( ! :ole nation1 9 s f> z %e be>s )9  
h] ! g]ms  ( future life1 & possesses ! 
/r5g? to br+ =?4 ,e  nation mu/ set ab\t

 ! "w h]self1 n1 inde$1 z h] own        
especial exclusive conc]n1 b z ! int]e/ 
( all mank9d4 ,e  p has ! vocation to   
co9 = itself ! div9e =m (  ,humanity1 9 
! ,*ur* z well z 9 ! ,/ate2 its life    
dep5ds on  ?is be+ done1 n its          
reputation m]ely2 x is ! condition (    
exi/5ce1 n m]ely ( prosp]ity4    ,is x n
 "t1 9 tru?1 to )draw ! veil f our      
mis]y8 to  po9t to ! cl\ds :i* rise f   
all qu>t]s1 to ! noxi\s vapors  :i* h   
already well-nigh suffocat$ u8 to te> (f
 ! mask f  hypocrisy1 & de/roy t %am :i*
 is und]m9+ all real gr\nd  b5ea? our   
feet8 to po9t out ! dang]s :i* surr\nd1 
nay1 ?reat5  already to engulf u8 ,is ! 
/ate ( ?+s satisfactory 9 a ,*ri/ian    
s5se1 :]e s mu* t is un*ri/ian          
pr$om9ates1 & :]e  ,*ri/ianity has      
sc>cely begun "h & !re to p5etrate !    
surface  ( ! common life8 ,%all we be   
satisfi$ ) ! increas$ outw>d  respect   
paid to ,*ri/ianity & ! ,*ur*8 ,%all we 
take x z a sign  ( r5ew$ life1 t ! names
 ( ,god & ,*ri/ h become !  fa%ion1 &   

are us$ z a p>ty badge8 ,c a society be 
said to be 9 a  heal?y condition1 9 :i* 
mat]ial & selfi% int]e/s 9  individuals1
 z well z 9 ! masses1 ga9 e day m & m ! 
upp] h&8 9 :i* s _m ?9k+ & educat$ m5   
are atta*$ to  ,*ri/ianity only by      
outw>d =ms1 ma9ta9$ ei!r by despotic    
p[]1  or by a n less despotic1          
half-sup]/iti\s1 half-hypocritical      
cu/om8 :5 s _m *ur*es are empty1 &      
satisfy b few1 or display  m & m outw>d 
c]emonials & vic>i\s rites8 :5 a godless
  s*ism has sprung up betwe5 _s & =m1 or
 has ev5 be5 prea*$  up z a means (     
rescue8 :5 gross ignorance or confus$ k1
  cold indiff]5ce or ! fanaticism (     
sup]/ition1 prevails z to !  und]/&+ (  
,holy ,scripture1 z to ! hi/ory1 nay1 ! 
fundam5tal  ideas ( ,*ri/ianity8 :5 =ce 
invokes religion 9 ord] to comm&1  &    
demagogues appeal to ! religi\s elem5t 9
 ord] to de/roy8  :51 aft] all _! sev]e 
*a/isem5ts & bloody lessons1 mo/        
/atesm5 base _! wisdom only on !        
contempt ( mank9d8 & :5  ! prophets ( ! 

p prea* a lib]ty1 ! basis ( :i* is      
selfi%ness1 ! object lib]t9ism1 & !     
wages are vice8 ,& ?is 9  an age ! ev5ts
 ( :i* %[ m & m fatal symptoms1 & 9  :i*
 a cry ( ard5t long+ p]vades ! p1       
re-e*o$ by a  ?\s& voices6--,,iii4 ,,xv4
    ,sorry1 h[ev]1 z we %\ld be to see  
our ,roman presbyt]  disconsolately w&]+
 f fold to fold 9 mod]n ,engl&1 &       
dismiss$ z a black %eep f all1 we %\ld n
 l to f9d him  metamorphos$ into *ief   
%eph]d ei!r1 & inve/$ ) !  guidance (   
our ecclesia/ical affairs4 ,?\gh he is  
above imitat+  ! feeble rail+ ( ,ir5u at
 ! h]esies1 he deals ) !m 9  ! true     
cl]ical /yle2 (t5 miss+ _! real mean+1  
he does n  sp>e !m 8 bad ^w2 & fancies  
he has kill$ !m be=e he has  ev5 caught 
!m4 ,he has an evid5t reli% also = a    
tale ( sc&al1  z a make-weight aga9/ a  
!ological oppon5t4 ,9 ! ,little         
,labyr9?1 he _h told u a /ory ab\t a    
,unit>ian m9i/]1 :o1  = accept+ 8       
s*ismatical (fice1 _h be5 horse:ipp$ by 
angels  all night2 s t he crawl$ 9 !    

morn+ to ! metropolitan1 &  gave 9 8    
p5it5tial recantation4 ,& n[1 9 ! l>g]  
"w1 !  au?or flies at high] game1 &     
makes out t ,pope ,calli/us 0 an        
incorrigible scamp2 orig9ally a slave 9 
! h\sehold ( a weal?y  ,*ri/ian ma/]1   
,c>pophorus1 ^: confid5ce he abus$ 9 e  
possible way4 ,fir/1 hav+ be5 intru/$ ) 
! managem5t ( a  bank 9 ! ,pisc9a       
publica1 he sw9dl$ & ru9$ ! depositors1 
& decamp$1 ) ! int5tion ( sail+ f       
,portus1 b 0 f\nd  on bo>d %ip2 &1 ?\gh 
he jump$ into ! sea to avoid capture1  0
 pick$ up1 & condemn$ by 8 ma/] to !    
h&-mill4 ,next1  be+ all[$ to g out1 on 
! plea ( collect+ "s debts :i*  w\ld    
enable him to pay a divid5d to !        
depositors1 he creat$ a  riot 9 a ,jews'
 synagogue1 &1 be+ br\ght be=e !        
prefect1 0  s5t5c$ to be flogg$ &       
transport$ to ,s>d9ia4 ,!nce he escap$  
by pass+ himself (f among a numb] (     
,*ri/ians1 releas$ f  _! exile ?r\gh !  
influ5ce ( ! ,emp]or's concub9e1 ,m>cia1
  & on ! recomm5dation ( ,victor1 !     

,pope4 ,z he 0 n includ$  9 ! li/ (     
p>dons1 he no soon] made 8 appe>ance 9  
,rome ?an  8 ma/] s5t him (f to live on 
a mon?ly all[ance at ,antium4 ,on  !    
dea? ( ,c>pophorus1 he seems to h atta9$
 8 fre$om by  beque/2 & 8 f]tility (    
res\rce hav+ made him useful to !  new  
,pope ,zephyr9us1 he acquir$ influ5ce   
en\gh to succe$ him 9  ! ,primacy4 ,we  
mu/ confess t ! evid5t gu/o ) :i* our   
presbyt] tells ?is sc&al1 ! animus ) :i*
 he accuses  ,zephyr9us also ( /upidity 
& v5ality1 & ! pr$om9ance 9 8  n>rative 
( !ological antipa?y ov] moral disgu/1  
leave a pa9ful  impression on ! read]   
respect+ ! _s !n at "w 9 !  ,apo/olic   
,see4 ,& ?\gh 8 s*eme ( belief1         
especially 9 relation  to ! p]son (     
,*ri/1 0 m rational ?an ! def9itions (  
m mod]n cre$s1 yet we fe> t he w\ld be n
 less nice ab\t  its %ape1 & intol]ant (
 ^? :o move ab\t 9 fre] folds (  ?\ght1 
?an a div9e ( ! ,cant]bury cloi/]s or ! 
,ed9burgh  plat=m4 ,8 qu>rel ) ! two    
popes :om he abuses %[s pretty  cle>ly !

 /age ( developm5t :i* ! ,*ri/ian !ology
 _h !n  rea*$4 ,on ?is matt] we mu/ say 
a few words4    ,:atev] may h be5 !     
precise ord] ( comb9ation :i* br\ght  ! 
,hebrew & ,hell5ic ideas ( ,god into    
union1 !re c be no  d\bt ab\t ! two     
t]m9i ( ! process4 ,x />t$ f !          
mon>*ical conception ( ,jehovah1 z a    
,unity )\t plurality2 &  x issu$ 9 !    
,a?anasian ,tr9ity1 ) its ?ree hypo/ases
 9 "o  ess5ce4 ,( ^!1 ! ,fa!r express$ !
 ,absolute exi/5ce1 !  ,son ! ,objective
 manife/ation1 ! ,holy ,_s ! ,subjective
  revelation ( ,god4 ,9 ! presbyt]'s    
cre$1 ! ?ird t]m 0 n  yet incorporat$1 b
 /ill float$ freely1 diffus$ &          
imp]sonal4  ,leav+ ?is out ( view1 we   
may obs]ve1 9 ! rema9+ "p ( !  doctr9e1 
two pr9cipal difficulties to be         
surm\nt$1 aris+ f  ! d\ble m$ium ( div9e
 objective manife/ation1--,nature1      
always  proce$+1--& ,*ri/1 hi/orically  
transi5t4 ,! fir/ problem is1  ,h[ to   
pass at all out ( ! ,inf9ite exi/5ce    
into ,f9ite  ph5om5a1 & conceive !      

relation betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son2  !    
second1 ,h[ to pass f ,et]nal           
manife/ation ?r\gh all  ph5om5a into    
tempor>y appe>ance 9 an ,individual1 s z
 to  conceive ! relation betwe5 ! ,son &
 ! ,galilean ,*ri/4 ,?us1  exclud+ all  
ref]5ce to ! ,holy ,_s1 !re 71 9 fact1  
f\r objects ( ?\ght1 ^: relations to "o 
ano!r 7 to be  adju/$2 viz4 ! ,fa!r1 !  
,son evolv+ all ?+s1 ! ,*ri/ or  div9e  
individualization 9 ! ,gospel1 & ,jesus 
( ,naz>e?1 !  human be+ ) ^: life ?is   
individualization concurr$4 ,among  all 
^! !re 71 s to speak1 two cle>ly di/9ct 
,wills to  dispose (2 t ( ! man ,jesus  
at ! l[e/ extremity1 & t (  ! ,supreme  
,god1 :i* ! ,jew1 at lea/1 w\ld fix at !
 upp]4  ,^! two ,wills act1 9 ! :ole    
developm5t ( doctr9e on ?is  subject1 z 
! secret c5tres ( ,p]sonality2 & !      
rema9+  elem5ts obta9 or miss a         
hypo/atic "* accord+ z !y are  drawn or 
n into coalesc5ce ) ! "o or ! o!r4 ,!   
volitional po9t ( ! ,div9e ,ag5cy be+   
once det]m9$1 x may be  reg>d$ z enclos$

 betwe5 ! ,?\ght1 or intellectual ess5ce
  out ( :i* x comes1 & ! ,execution by  
:i* x is realiz$2 or  x may be left     
undi/+ui%$ f ^!1 & may be made to       
co9cide  ) ei!r4 ,accord+ to ^! v>iable 
conditions arise ! sev]al  modes (      
doctr9e 9 ref]5ce to ! ,div9e elem5t 9  
,god's  ,objective manife/ation4 ,!     
diff]5ces1 = in/ance1 betwe5 our        
presbyt]'s doctr9e & ,orig5's1 w be f\nd
 to dep5d on !  diff]5t po9ts :i* !y    
seize z ! seat ( div9e volition1 &  !   
g]m ( _! logical developm5t4 ,our au?or1
 exemplify+ !  ,hebrew t5d5cy1 seeks 8  
initiative up at ! f\nta9-head1 &  puts 
himself back be=e ! fir/ act ( creation2
 he />ts f !  ,"o ,god1 ) :om no?+ 0    
co-pres5t1 & fixes 9 ,him ! seat  ( !   
primeval ,w4 ,!re1 h[ev]1 x w\ld rema91 
a m]e  pot5tiality1 did n ! ,et]nal     
,m9d1 by reflection 9 itself1 pass  into
 self-consci\sness1 & give objectivity  
to its own ?\ght4 ,?is  prim>y          
expression ( 8 ess5ce1 9 :i* x ent]s    
into relation1  b relation only to      

itself1 is ! ,logos1 or ,son ( ,god1 !  
ag5t 9 ! production ( all ?+s4 ,!       
pot5tiality is ?us  res]v$ to ! ,fa!r2 !
 effectuation is giv5 to ! ,son2 :o1    
com+ 9 at a po9t l[] d[n ?an ! seat (   
,w1 & simply  bridg+ ov] ! int]val t    
leads to accompli%m5t1 is felt  )\t !   
ess5tial condition ( a num]ically di/9ct
 subsi/5ce2  & has ei!r ! in/rum5tal &  
subord9ate p]sonality ( a  dep5d5t be+1 
or is imp]fectly hypo/atiz$4#da ,9 ?is  
imp]sonal "* does ! ,logos manife/ !    
,div9e ?\ght 9 !  visible univ]se2 9 !  
m9ds ( godly m51 :i* are ! s\rce (  law2
 9 ! glance ( prophets1 :i* cat*es &    
int]prets !  div9e significance ( all   
times2 & fir/ assumes a full p]sonality 
9 ! ,inc>nation4 ,hav+ left ! prim>y ,w 
beh9d 9 !  ,fa!r's ess5ce1 ! ,logos     
rema9s b an in*oate hypo/asis1 till     
alight+1 9 ! human nature1 on ano!r     
c5tre ( volition4 ,z if  our au?or 7    
half consci\s1 9 rea*+ ?is po9t1 (      
relief f  an antec$5t uneas9ess1 he n[  
holds fa/ to ! p]sonality :i*  has be5  

realiz$1 repres5ts x z n dissolv$ by !  
dea? on !  cross1 b tak5 up into heav51 
& abid+ = ev]4 ,x is1 9 ?is  view1 ! two
 extreme t]ms t supply ! hypo/atiz+ p[]2
 (  ! o!rs1 ! ,logos has no p]sonality b
 by look+ back to !  ,fa!r2 nor ! ,*ri/1
 b by go+ =w>d to ! ,son ( ,m>y4 ,?is   
%[s ! yet p[]ful influ5ce ( ! ,judaic   
,mon>*ianism1 & !  emb>rassm5t ( a m9d1 
sett+ out f t type ( fai?1 to  provide  
any plurality )9 ! ess5ce ( ,god4       
,orig51 on ! o!r  h&1 yield$ to !       
,hell5ic feel+1 &1 in/ead ( go+ back to 
any absolute comm5cem5t1 look$ = 8      
,div9e c5tre &  />t+-po9t fur!r d[n2 &  
took !nce :atev] upw>d glance  0 ne$ful 
to complete 8 view4 ,z ! ,greek rev]5ce 
0 n  t\*$ b by ! ,div9e embodi$ 9       
concrete life & =m1 s !  ,alex&r9e      
cate*i/ in/9ctively fix$ ^u ! ,,son1 !  
objective  ,?\ght ( ,god1 proce$+1 n    
once ^u a "t or ev] fir/1 b  et]nally1 f
 ,him1 z ! initiative position = 8      
doctr9e4  ,"h 0 plac$ ! cle>e/ & int5se/
 focus ( ,w2 & only 9  ?is ev]-evolv+   

effici5t 7 ! full conditions (          
p]sonality  realiz$4 ,! ,fa!r 0 conceiv$
 m pan!i/ically1 z !  univ]sal 1 !      
intellectual backgr\nd1 :5ce issu$ !    
act+  nature ( ! ,son4 ,9 m$itat+ on !m 
9 _! conjunction1 ,orig5  w\ld ?9k ( !  
relation betwe5 ?\ght & volition2 our   
au?or1 ( t betwe5 volition & execution4 
,bo? doctr9es  %[ ! imp]fect fusion (   
,hebrew & ,hell5ic elem5ts1 &  illu/rate
 ! *>act]i/ic effect ( an excessive     
proportion (  ea*4 ,:]e ! ,hebrew elem5t
 prevails1 ! p]sonality ( ! ,son is     
endang]$2 :]e ! ,hell5ic1 ! p]sonality (
 ! ,fa!r4 ,ev5  our presbyt]'s doctr9e (
 ! ,son1 h[ev]1 gave too /rong an       
imp]sonation to ,him = ! p>ty 9 ,rome :o
 sid$ ) ,zephyr9us  & ,calli/us4 ,^!    
popes accus$ him1 x seems1 ( be+ a      
,di!i/2 & !mselves ma9ta9$ t ! t]ms     
,fa!r & ,son  d5ot$ only diff]5t sides &
 relations ( "o & ! same  ,be+1--nay1 n 
only ( ! same ,be+1 b ( ! same 2 &  t ! 
_s t dwelt 9 ,*ri/ 0 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om all 
?+s are full4 ,= ?is op9ion ! two popes 

are angrily dealt )  by our au?or1 &    
*>g$ ) be+ half ,sabellian1 half        
humanit>ian4 ,8 rancor ju/ifies !       
suspicion1 t1 ?\gh he  repres5ts ! p>ty 
:i* triumph$ at ,rome1 8 oppon5ts _h be5
  num]\s & p[]ful1 z1 inde$1 _! election
 to ! primacy w\ld  ( itself %[1 & t ev5
 8 own imp]fect dogma 0  sup]9duc$1 n   
)\t a protract$ /ruggle1 ^u an e>li]    
fai?  yet remote f ! ,nic5e /&>d4    ,& 
?is br+s u at once to a "q ( hi/orical  
rese>*1  :i*1 ?\gh f> too intricate &   
ext5sive to be discuss$ "h1 we  feel    
b\nd to notice1 z f> z x is affect$ by !
 newly discov]$  "w4 ,h[ long did x take
 = ! ,*ri/ian fai? to assume !  lead+   
features ( its or?odox & ca?olic =m1 &  
especially to  "w itself cle> (         
,judaism8 ,x is an ackn[l$g$ fact1 t !  
e>lie/ disciples1 includ+ at ! l[e/     
e/imate all ! conv]ts  ( ! fir/ sev5    
ye>s f ! asc5sion1 n only 7 born        
,hebrews1 b did n reg>d _! baptism z 9  
any way )draw+  !m f ! pale ( _!        
national religion2 t1 on ! contr>y1  !y 

claim$ to be ! only true ,jews1 diff]+ f
 o!rs simply by  _! belief 9 a p]sonally
 appo9t$1 in/ead ( a vaguely promis$    
,messiah2 t !y aim$ at no m ?an to br+  
ov] _! own race  to ?is conviction1 &   
p]suade !m t ! national de/9ies 7  ab\t 
to be consummat$1 &1 s f> f relax+ !    
obligations (  _! ,law1 adh]$ ) peculi> 
rigor to its ritual & its  exclusiv5ess4
 ,s long z none b ! twelve ,apo/les _h  
*>ge (  its diffusion1 ,*ri/ianity 0    
only a p>ticul> mode ( ,judaism1 &  its 
:ole discussion a   4 ,x is fur!r       
admitt$1  t ! fir/ inroad ^u ?is        
n>r[ness 0 made by ,/4 ,paul1 :o  insi/$
 on ! univ]sality ( ,*ri/'s function1 & 
! abrogation  ( ! ,mosaic ,law 9 favor (
 inw>d fai?1 z ! condition ( union  )   
,god4 ,nor1 aga91 is x d5i$ t ?is fre]  
view met ) great  resi/ance1 & t its    
conflict ) ! o!r1 app>5t ?r\gh\t  !     
,paul9e ,epi/les1 =m$ ! mo/ animat+     
feature ( !  ,apo/olic age4 ,dur+ t     
p]iod1 two di/9ct p>ties1 & two  sep>ate
 l9es ( developm5t & gr[?1 may be trac$2

 "o foll[+  out 9 morals ! legal idea   
into asceticism1 volunt>y pov]ty1 &     
physical purity1 & 9 fai? ! mon>*ian    
idea into !ocratic  & mill5>ian         
expectations2 ! o!r1 proce$+ f ! notion 
(  fai? to sub/itute an ideal ,*ri/ = ! 
hi/orical1 a new  religion = an old law1
 ! free embrace ( div9e reconciliation =
  ! anxi\s /ra9 ( self-mortify+ ob$i5ce4
 ,b h[ long did ?is  /ruggle & sep>ation
 cont9ue8 ,accord+ to ! preval5t belief1
  x 0 all ov] 9 a few ye>s2 &1 by !     
happy h>mony &  concurr5ce ( ! ,apo/les1
 0 det]m9$ 9 favor ( ! g5]\s  ,paul9e   
doctr9e2 s t ,/4 ,john liv$ to see !    
,hebrew ,*ri/ians  s9k into a m]e       
,ebioniti% sect outside ! pale1 & _!    
/iff  ,unit>ian !ology dis[n$ 9 favor ( 
! high] tea*+s ( 8  ,gospel4 ,aga9/ ?is 
assumption ( s easy a victory ov] !     
,jewi%  t5d5cy1 sev]al /rik+ te/imonies 
h (t5 be5 urg$4  ,t]tullian1 9 a        
well-kn[n passage ( 8 treatise aga9/    
,praxeas1  describes ! dislike ) :i* !  
unle>n$ majority ( believ]s  reg>d !    

,tr9it>ian di/9ctions 9 ! ,godhead1 & ! 
zeal )  :i* !y cry out = hold+ to !     
,mon>*y4#db ,9 ! "t (  ,pope ,zephyr9us1
 z we le>n f ,eusebius1 a body (        
,unit>ians 9  ,rome1 foll[]s ( ,artemon1
 def5d$ _! doctr9e by !  cons]vative    
plea ( antiquity & g5]al cons5t2 affirm+
 t x  0 no o!r ?an ! un9t]rupt$ cre$ ( !
 ,roman ,*ur* d[n to  ! "t ( ,victor1 ! 
prec$+ pope2 & t ! high] doctr9e  ( !   
,p]son ( ,*ri/ 0 q a rec5t              
innovation4#dc ,nor are we  )\t         
ecclesia/ical lit]ature1 ( ev5 a lat]   
date1 t by its  !ological tone gives    
witness to ! same effect4 ,! ,clem5t9e  
,recognitions1 writt5 some:]e betwe5    
#bab & #bcj1 occupy a  dogmatic         
position1 high] inde$ ?an ! disciples ( 
,artemon1 b  only 9 ! direction (       
,arius1 &1 to save ! ,unity ( ,god1 d5y 
! ,deity ( ,*ri/4#dd ,rely+ on su*      
evid5ce z ?is1 ,prie/ley1  9 8 ,hi/ory (
 ,e>ly ,op9ions1 & 8 controv]sy ) ,bi%op
  ,horsley1 ma9ta9$ t ! cre$ ( ! ,*ur* =
 ! fir/ two  c5turies 0 ,unit>ian4 ,b   

?is position 0 att5d$ ) _m              
difficulties1 s long z ! pres5t         
canonical ,scriptures 7 all[$  to h be5 
9 ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ians ( t p]iod1 &      
recogniz$ z au?orities2 = ! n>ratives ( 
! miracul\s  conception1 ! writ+s (     
,paul1 & ! ,gospel ( ,john1 are         
irreconcilable ) ! s*emes ( belief      
attribut$ to ! e>ly  ,unit>ians4        
,moreov]1 if = two c5turies ! ,*ur* _h  
int]pret$  its au?oritative docum5ts 9  
"o way1 & =m$ on ?is its  s]vices &     
expositions1 x is n easy to conceive !  
rapid  revolution into ano!r4 ,dur+ a   
p]iod ( free & float+  tradition1 !re is
 manife/ room = ! gr[? ( ess5tially     
diff]5t modes ( fai?2 b aft] ! reception
 ( a def9ite set (  sacr$ books1 ! scope
 = *ange is mu* contract$4 ,to treat !  
doctr9e ( ! ,logos z an innovation1 yet 
ascribe ! f\r? ,gospel  to ! belov$     
disciple2 to suppose t ju/ification by  
works 0  ! g5]ally receiv$ notion among 
p :o guid$ !mselves by  ! au?ority (    
,paul1--involves u 9 irrem$iable        

contradictions4  ,avoid+ ^! at lea/1    
possibly n )\t ! risk ( o!rs1 !         
celebrat$ !ologians ( ,tb+5 h ma9ta9$ a 
bold] !sis  ?an t ( ,prie/ley1 includ+ x
 inde$1 b ) x also a va/  deal m4 ,_!   
!ory runs z foll[s4 ,! opposition :i*   
,/4  ,paul's tea*+ excit$1 & ( :i* 8    
lett]s pres]ve s _m  traces1 0 nei!r s  
insignificant nor s %ort-liv$ z is      
commonly  suppos$2 b 0 enc\rag$ & l$ by 
! o!r ,apo/les1 especially  ,james &    
,john & ,pet]1 :o nev] he>tily recogniz$
 ! volunte]  ,apo/le2 & 0 s completely  
successful1 t he di$ )\t hav+  made any 
consid]able impression on ! ,judaic     
,*ri/ianity sanction$  f ,j]usalem4     
,accord+ly1 ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian lit]ature 
0  ,ebioniti%2 & no production 0 9 high]
 e/eem ?an ! ,gospel  ( ! ,hebrews1 :i*1
 aft] be+ long curr5t1 ) sev]al         
v>iations ( =m1 at la/ settl$ d[n into  
our ,gospel ( ,mat!w4  ,9 almo/ all !   
writ+s kn[n to u1 ev5 9 ,roman circles (
 !  second c5tury1--! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 
! ,memorials ( ,hegesippus1  ! works (  

,ju/91--"s "* or o!r ( ,ebionitism is   
pres5t1--mill5>ian doctr9e1 admiration (
 celibacy & (  ab/95ce f meat & w9e1    
d5unciation ( ri*es1 emphatic  ass]tion 
( ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus1 & treatm5t ( !
  miracul\s conception z at lea/ an op5 
"q4 ,! labors (  ,paul1 h[ev]1 _h left a
 se$ :i* _h be5 buri$1 b n kill$2  & f !
 fir/1 a small p>ty _h *]i%$ 8 fre]     
pr9ciples1  & s\ght to w9 acceptance =  
!m2 & z ! progress ( "t  increas$ !     
proportion ( prov9cial & ,g5tile        
conv]ts1 & !  ,jewi% w>s ( ,titus &     
,hadrian de/roy$ ! possibility ( ,mosaic
  ob$i5ce & ! reasonabl5ess ( ,hebrew   
hopes1 ! ,paul9e elem5t  rose 9         
magnitude & importance4 ,?us ! two      
c\rses ( opposite  developm5t ran       
p>allel ) ea* o!r1 & gradually f\nd _!  
int]e/ 9 mutual recognition &           
concession4 ,h5ce1 a s]ies (  writ+s    
proce$+ f ei!r side1 fir/ ( conciliatory
  approximation only1 next ( complete   
neutrality & equipoise1 9  :i* sometimes
 ! figures ( ,pet] & ,paul !mselves are 

pres5t$  ) /udi\sly balanc$ honor1 at   
o!rs _! *>act]i/ic ideas  are adju/$ by 
compromise4 ,! ,clem5t9e ,homilies1 !   
,apo/olic  ,con/itutions1 ! ,epi/le (   
,james1 ! ,second ,epi/le ( ,clem5t1  ! 
,gospel ( ,m>k1 ! ,recognitions1 !      
,second ,epi/le ( ,pet]1  con/itute !   
s]ies proce$+ f ! ,ebioniti% side2 :ile 
f  ! ,paul9e came ! ,fir/ ,epi/le (     
,pet]1 ! ,prea*+ ( ,pet]1  ! writ+s (   
,luke1 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,clem5t1 !     
,epi/le to !  ,philippians1 ! ,pa/oral  
,epi/les1 ,polyc>p's1 & ! ,ignatians4   
,^! productions1 h[ev]1 spr++ f !       
practical in/9ct (  ! ,we/1 deal ) !    
ecclesia/ical m ?an ) ! doctr9al  phase 
( antagonism betwe5 ! two directions2 & 
end )  e/abli%+ 9 ,rome a ,ca?olic      
,*ur*1 f\nd$ on ! unit$  sepul*res (    
,pet] & ,paul1 & comb9+ ! sac]dotalism (
 !  ,old ,te/am5t ) ! univ]sality ( !   
,new ,g5tile ,gospel4  ,mean:ile1 a     
simil> c\rse1 ) local modifications1 0  
run by !  ,*ur* ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,rome1 ) 
its political aptitude1 hav+ tak5  9 h& 

! que/ions ( discipl9e & organization1 !
 speculative  g5ius ( ! ,asiatic ,greek 
address$ itself simultane\sly to !      
developm5t & det]m9ation ( doctr9e4 ,"h 
! ,epi/le to !  ,galatians m>ks1 z a    
/>t+-po9t1 ! same orig9al /ruggle       
betwe5 ! contra/$ elem5ts :i* ! ,epi/le 
to ! ,romans  betrays 9 ,italy2 :ile !  
,gospel ( ,john closes ! dogmatic /rife 
( developm5t ) an accept$ ,tr9ity =     
fai?1 j z !  ,ignatian ,epi/les w9d up !
 conte/s ( ! ,we/ ) a recogniz$  hi]>*y 
= gov]nm5t4 ,& betwe5 ^! extremes ! ,ea/
 pres5ts  to u1 fir/1 ! int5sely        
,judaical ,apocalypse2 next1 ) increas+ 
reaction 9 ! ,paul9e direction1 !       
rudim5ts ( ! ,logos idea 9  ! ,epi/les  
to ! ,hebrews1 ,colossians1 &           
,ephesians2 & z  ,montanism1 9 ! mid/ ( 
:i* ^! arose1 _h already made  famili> !
 conception ( ! ,p>aclete1 all !        
conditions 7  pres5t = comb9ation into !
 ,johann9e doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity2  & !n x 
01 9 ! second qu>t] ( ! second c5tury1 t
 !  f\r? ,gospel appe>$4 ,! speculative 

!ology ?us native to ,less]  ,asia 0    
adopt$ = %elt] & gr[? by ! k9dr$        
,hell5ism (  ,egypt1 & gave rise to !   
s*ool ( ,alex&ria4 ,9 ! :ole ( ?is  !ory
 great use is made ( ,montanism3 x      
spans1 z x 71 !  int]val betwe5 !       
p>allel movem5ts ( ,italy & ,asia2 & is 
!  common m$ium ( ?\ght 9 :i* !y bo?    
take place4 ,s+ul>ly  unit+ 9 itself !  
rigor1 ! n>r[ness1 ! ascetic sup]/itions
  ( its ,hebrew basis1 ) a ,phrygian    
prophetic en?usiasm & an  ,hell5ic      
!osophy1 x import$ ! latt] into !       
doctr9e1 !  =m] into ! discipl9e1 ( !   
,*ur*4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic sy/em  betrays
 its ,jewi% or ,montani/ orig9 9 its    
legalism1 its p5ances1  its celibacy1   
its mona*ism1 its ec/atic ph5om5a1 its  
physical  sup]naturalism1 its exagg]at$ 
appreciation ( m>tyrdom4    ,su*1 9 b>e/
 outl9e1 is ! !ory :i* ,m4 ,buns5       
*>act]izes z  ! ,tb+5 romance4 ,its     
lead+ pr9ciple is1 t ! antagonism       
betwe5 ! ,petr9e & ,paul9e1 ! ,hebrew & 
! ,hell5ic ,gospel1  :i* has its orig9 &

 au!ntic expression 9 ! ,epi/les to !   
,galatians1 ,romans1 & ,cor9?ians1      
cont9u$ into ! second c5tury2  det]m9$ !
 evolution ( doctr9e & usage2 /amp$     
itself ^u !  ecclesia/ical lit]ature2 & 
end$ 9 ! compromise &  reconciliation ( 
! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,x is evid5t t1 9 !   
work+ out ( ?is pr9ciple1 ! ,new        
,te/am5t canon is made to give  way4 ,) 
! exception ( ! great] ,paul9e ,epi/les 
& !  ,apocalypse1 bo? ( :i* are held fa/
 z g5u9e productions ( !  ,apo/les ^:   
names !y be>1 & ! fir/ ,gospel1 :i* is  
all[$  to h at lea/ ! gr\ndwork 9 !     
primitive tradition1 ! receiv$  books   
are all set loose f ! dates & names     
usually assign$ to  !m1 & arrang$1 9    
common ) o!r products ( ! "t1 accord+   
to ! relation !y be> to ! ,ebioniti% or 
to ! ,paul9e s*ool1  & ! p>ticul> /age  
!y seem to m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( ei!r4  ,?is 
proce$+1 h[ev]1 is n an orig9al viol5ce 
resort$ to =  ! exig5cies ( ! !ory2 b1 =
 ! mo/ "p1 a m]e  appropriation to its  
use ( conclusions rea*$ by antec$5t     

!ologians on indep5d5t gr\nds4 ,!       
,epi/le to ! ,philippians is  ! only "w1
 if we mi/ake n1 on ! au!nticity ( :i*  
d\bt has  be5 ?r[n = ! fir/ "t1--9 our  
op9ion1 on v inadequate  gr\nds4 ,9 ?is1
 z 9 _m o!r details ( ! hypo!tical      
hi/ory1  !re is n a little ( t /ra9+ (  
real evid5ce & subtle  fabrication (    
unreal1 :i* ,g]man criticism seems      
unable to avoid4 ,b  ! ac]bity display$ 
by ! ,nor? ,g]man !ologians t[>ds !     
,tb+5 critics appe>s to u unw>rant$ &   
humiliat+2 & we  c]ta9ly wi% t ,m4      
,buns51 ^: prompt admiration ( excell5ce
 s  nobly di/+ui%es him f ,ewald1 c\ld h
 express$ 8 diss5t  f ,baur & ,s*wegl] 9
 a tone /ill fur!r remov$ f !  ,gtt+5   
pit*4 ,at lea/1 we d n f9d ! positive   
ass]tion t  ! ,tb+5 !ory is f9ally      
demoli%$ by ! ,philosophum5a at  all    
borne out by ! evid5ce2 & are incl9$ to 
?9k t ! case  is v little alt]$ by ! new
 elem5ts n[ contribut$ to its           
discussion4 ,! critical (f5ce :i* he    
?9ks is n[ detect$ &  expos$1 is !      

ascription ( a late orig9 to ! f\r?     
,gospel1#de  & ! treatm5t ( x z !       
p]fect$ product1 in/ead ( ! misus$      
s\rce1 ( ! ,montani/ conceptions ( !    
,logos & ! ,p>aclete4 ,x  _c1 h[ev]1 be 
d5i$1 t1 9 ! previ\s abs5ce ( any       
ext]nal te/imony to ! exi/5ce ( ?is     
,gospel e>li] ?an ! ye>  #agj1df !      
int]nal difficulties are suffici5tly    
s]i\s to r$eem  ! d\bt ( its au!nticity 
f ! "* ( ra%ness or  p]v]sity4 ,!       
irreconcilable opposition betwe5 its    
:ole mode (  ?\ght & t ( ! ,apocalypse  
is confess$ by ,m4 ,buns5 himself1  :5  
he sugge/s t ! proem on ! ,logos 0      
direct$ aga9/  ,c]9?us1--! v p]son ^:   
s5tim5ts ! ,apocalypse 0 suppos$  to    
express1 & to :om1 accord+ly1 x 0       
ascrib$ by ^? :o  reject$ x4 ,"o ( ! two
 books mu/ resign1 !n1 ! "n ( !  belov$ 
disciple2 &1 ( ! two1 we ne$ h>dly say t
 !  ,apocalypse is incomp>ably ! bett]  
au!nticat$4 ,moreov]1 !  traditions :i* 
unite ! names ( ,james & ,john1 z !     
au?orities  foll[$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,less]  

,asia1 r5d] x h>d to conceive t  _!     
doctr9es c h tak5 precisely opposite    
directions2 & t1  :ile ,james repres5t$ 
! ,judaic ,*ri/ianity ( ! deepe/ dye1   
,john c h produc$ ! /&>d & conclusive "w
 on ! o!r  side4 ,9 p>ticul>1 !         
well-kn[n fact1 t ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians  
ju/ifi$ _! ,jewi% mode ( keep+ ,ea/] by 
! d\ble plea1 7#a47  t ,james & ,john   
always did s1 7#b47 t ,*ri/ himself _h  
done s  be=e he suff]$1 seems           
incompatible ) any k ( ! f\r?  ,gospel1 
:i* d5ies t ,jesus ate ! passov] be=e he
 suff]$1 &  makes 8 own dea? to be !    
passov]4 ,h[ c\ld ?is ,qu>todeciman     
controv]sy live a day among a p possess+
 & ackn[l$g+  ,john's ,gospel1 :i* s    
be>s ^u x z to give a di/9ct            
contradiction to ! view ( ! o!r         
,gospels1 & to pron\nce 9 ,asia  ,m9or  
itself an unambigu\s v]dict 9 favor ( ! 
,we/8 ,^! are  grave difficulties1 :i*1 
aft] all ! +5uity1 ev5 ( ,bleek1  rema91
 we fe>1 unreliev$2 & 9 _! pres5ce we _c
 feel !  ju/ice ( ,m4 ,buns5's s5t5ce1 t

 ,baur's op9ion is ! mo/  unhappy (     
philological conjectures4 ,ev]y?+       
conjectural1 h[ev]1  mu/ give way be=e  
real hi/orical te/imony2 &1 if new      
evid5ce is  actually conta9$ 9 !        
,philosophum5a1 e true critic1 (  ,tb+5 
or else:]e1 w be ?ankful = light to     
dissipate !  d\bt4 ,n[1 x is said t our 
,roman bi%op1 9 treat+ ( ! h]esy  (     
,basilides1 supplies passages f ! writ+s
 ( ?is h]esi>*  :i* include quotations f
 ! f\r? ,gospel2 & ?us prove its        
exi/5ce z e>ly z ! ye> #acj4 ,?is       
argum5t1 z /at$ by ,m4  ,buns51 appe>$  
to u q conclusive1 & we hop$1 t a decid$
  /ep _h be5 ga9$ t[>ds ! settlem5t ( ! 
"q4 ,great 0  our disappo9tm5t1 on read+
 ! acc\nt 9 ! orig9al1 to f9d no        
evid5ce t any extract f ,basilides 0    
be=e u at all4 ,a g5]al  description ( !
 sy/em be>+ 8 "n is giv52 b ) no m5tion 
( any "w ( 81 no pr(ession t ! words are
 81 & ev5 s  little individual ref]5ce  
to him1 t ! exposition is introduc$ z   
be+ a report ( :at ,basilides &         

,isidorus1 & ! :ole troop (  ^! p1      
falsely say 71 s+474 ,!n foll[s !       
acc\nt ( ! dogmas ( ! sect1 ) ! ^w      
ins]t$ f  "t to "t1 to indicate t !     
writ] is /ill report+ !  s5tim5ts (     
o!rs4 ,! s+ul> =m ( ?is ^w implies no?+ 
at all2 x occurs imm$iately aft] ! ^w 1 
& has !  same av[$ly plural subject4 ,! 
/atem5t1 !re=e1 )9 :i* are  conta9$ !   
,scripture citations1 is a m]ely g5]al  
"o ( !  op9ions ( a sect :i* cont9u$ to 
subsi/ till a mu* lat] "t  ?an ! l[e/   
date ev] assign$ = ! composition ( !    
f\r?  ,gospel4 ,if ! actual words ( any 
writ+s curr5t among ^! h]etics  are     
giv51 !y are ! words ( an au?or or      
au?ors :olly unkn[n1  & to ref] !m to   
,basilides 9 p>ticul> is a m]e arbitr>y 
act (  w4 ,! *ange f ! s+ul> to ! plural
 =ms ( citation 9  ! mid/ ( "o & ! same 
s5t5ce1 & ! disreg>d ( concord  betwe5  
v]b & subject1 %[ t no inf]5ce c be     
drawn f s  loose a sy/em ( grammatical  
usage4 ,all t c be affirm$ is1 t  our   
au?or _h 9 8 h& "s production ( !       

,basilidian 1 9  :i* ! f\r? ,gospel 0   
quot$2 b ?is af=ds no *ronological      
datum t c be ( ! smalle/ use4#dg ,! same
 rem>k applies to  ! use ( ,john's      
,gospel by ! ,ophites4 ,t !y did use x  
is  evid5t2 t !y exi/$ z f> back z ! "t 
( ,pet] & ,paul is  c]ta9ly probable2   
yet x does n foll[ t ! f\r? ,gospel 0   
!n extant4 ,= !y cont9u$ 9 exi/5ce ?r\gh
 two or ?ree  c5turies1 dat+1 z ,baur   
has %[n1 f a "t ant]ior n only to  !    
,*ri/ian h]esies1 b to ,*ri/ianity      
itself1 & ext5d+ d[n  to ,orig5's "t2 & 
to :at "p ( ?is long p]iod ! writ+s     
belong$ :i* ! au?or ( ! ,philosophum5a  
employ$1 we are  absolutely unable to   
det]m9e4 ,we d n "k :y ,m4 ,buns5 has n 
appeal$ also to a quotation f ! ,gospel 
:i* occurs 7p4 #aid7 9 an  acc\nt ( !   
,val5t9ian sy/em4 ,if1 z he affirms 7,i4
 #fc71 ?is  acc\nt 7 really 9           
,val5t9us's own words1 ! citation w\ld  
be  ( p>ticul> value 9 ! controv]sy4 ,= 
x has always be5 urg$ by  ! ,tb+5       
critics z a highly significant fact1 t  

:ile !  foll[]s ( ,val5t9us %[$ an      
especial eag]ness to appeal to !        
,gospel ( ,john1 & "o ( ! e>lie/1       
,h]acleon1 wrote a comm5t>y  ^u x1 no   
trace c\ld be f\nd ( its use by !       
h]esi>* himself4  ,f ?is circum/ance1 !y
 h inf]r$ t ! ,gospel 0 n  available =  
him1 & fir/ appe>$ aft] 8 "t4 ,a s+le   
clause  cit$ by him f ! ,gospel w\ld    
demoli% ?is argum5t at once4 ,b  !      
ass]tion t we h "h full eight pages (   
,val5t9us's own  words appe>s to u q    
gr\ndless4 ,no su* ?+ is affirm$ by !   
writ] ( ! eight pages4 ,he promises to  
tell u h[ ! /rict  adh]5ts to ! orig9al 
pr9ciple ( ! sect exp\nd$ _! doctr9e  7 
72 & !n passes ov]1 z usual1 to ! s+ul> 
1 return+1 h[ev]1 f "t to "t1 to !      
plural  =ms1--1 1 c41--& ?us leav+ no   
pretext = !  assumption t ,val5t9us is  
be=e u 9 p]son4 ,! lat] ,gno/ics        
indisputably resort$ to ! ,gospel (     
,john ) especial zeal &  pref]5ce2 & if 
_! pr$ecessors1 ,basilides & ,val5t9us1 
7  acqua9t$ ) ! book1 x is surpris+ t no

 trace ( _!  famili>ity ) x has be5     
f\nd2 & t ! =m] %\ld h  s\ght to        
au!nticate ! secret doctr9e he pr(ess$  
to h receiv$  by ! "n ( ,mat!w or       
,mat?ias in/ead ( ,john4 ,x des]ves     
rem>k1  t ! citations pres]v$ by our    
au?or are made1 l ^? (  ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 z 
f an anonym\s writ+1 )\t m5tion+ ! "n  (
 ! ,evangeli/2 a circum/ance less       
surpris+ 9 ref]5ce to !  ,synoptics     
alone1 :i* pres5t only v>ieties ( ! same
 fundam5tal  tradition1 ?an :5 ! f\r?   
,gospel1 s evid5tly ! indep5d5t         
production ( a s+le m9d1 is ?r[n into ! 
gr\p4 ,! ,epi/les (  ,paul & ! books ( !
 ,old ,te/am5t are frequ5tly quot$ by   
"n2  & :y ?is practice %\ld inv>iably   
cease :5ev] ! hi/orical  "w ( an ,apo/le
 0 9 ! h&1 x is n easy to expla94 ,!    
,apocalypse is m5tion$ n )\t 8 "n4#dh   
,= ^! reasons we are ( op9ion t ! "q    
ab\t ! date &  au!nticity ( ! f\r?      
,gospel is :olly unaffect$ by !         
newly-discov]$ "w4 ,on ?is side1 no new 
facilities are ga9$ =  confut+ ! ,tb+5  

!ory4 ,! mo/ positive & />tl+ fact      
aga9/ x is pres5t$ f ano!r direction4   
,we "k t ! sy/em  ( ,!odotus1 :i* 0     
,unit>ian1 0 condemn$ by ,victor 9 ! la/
  decade ( ! second c5tury4#di ,n[      
,victor 0 ! v pope to !  end ( ^: p]iod1
 accord+ to ! foll[]s ( ,artemon1 _!    
mon>*ian fai? 0 upheld 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*1
 & 9 ! "t (  ^: successor 0 ! fir/      
importation ( ! high] doctr9e ( !       
,logos4 ,on ?is compla9t ( !            
,artemonites1 ,baur & ,s*wegl] lay      
great /ress2 b is x n refut$ by         
,victor's or?odox act (  expell+ a      
,unit>ian8 ,und\bt$ly x w\ld be s1 if   
,!odotus 7  excommunicat$ precisely = 8 
belief 9 ! uni-p]sonality ( ,god4  ,b 8 
s*eme includ$ _m articles2 & we "k no?+ 
( !  gr\nd tak5 9 ! proce$+s aga9/ him4 
,!re 0 "o "q1  h[ev]1 :i*1 h[ev]        
indiff]5t to u1 0 evid5tly v ne> to  !  
feel+s ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & on :i* ,!odotus
 sep>at$  himself f ! prevail+          
conceptions ( 8 "t1--viz4 ,at :at date  
did ! ,*ri/1 ! ,div9e pr9ciple1 become  

unit$ ) ,jesus1 !  human be+8 ,at 8     
baptism1 repli$ ,!odotus4#ej ,be=e 8    
bir?1 said ! g5]al voice ( ! ,*ri/ians4 
,we are dispos$ to  ?9k ?is 0 ! obnoxi\s
 t5et :i* ,victor con/ru$ into h]esy2  &
 if s1 ! /rife _h no be>+ ^u ! doctr9e (
 !  p]sonality ( ! ,logos1 :i* ! pope & 
! h]etic might bo? h  reject$4 ,( !     
,unit>ianism ( t "t1 x 0 no ess5tial    
feature  to po/pone till ! baptism !    
heav5ly elem5t 9 ,*ri/4 ,we rememb]  no 
reason = suppos+ t ! ,artemonites did s1
 ?\gh ,!odotus  did2 & if !y knew t !   
objection :i* _h be5 fatal to him did  n
 apply to !m1 _! claim ( anci5t &       
or?odox sanction = :at  !y held 9 common
 ) him 0 n answ]$ by po9t+ to 8         
condemnation = :at 0 special to himself4
 ,b is !re1 x w be  ask$1 any evid5ce t 
! ,roman ,*ur* atta*$ importance to ?is 
p>ticul> +r$i5t ( ! ,!odotian s*eme1 s t
 _! bi%op  might feel impell$ to visit x
 ) ecclesia/ical c5sure8 ,we believe    
!re is1 & t too 9 ! ,philosophum5a4 ,9 !
 au?or's  confession ( fai? occurs a    

passage :i* produces at fir/ a /range   
impression ^u a mod]n read]1 & appe>s l 
a viol5ce done to !  ,gospel hi/ory4 ,x 
affirms t ,*ri/ pass$ ?r\gh e /age (    
human life1 t he might s]ve z ! model to
 all4 ,nor is ?is idea a  p]sonal :im ( 
! writ]2 b is borr[$ f 8 ma/]1 ,ir5u1   
:o gives x 9 m detail1 & w9ds x up ) !  
ass]tion1 t  ,*ri/ liv$ to be fifty ye>s
 old4#ea ,ir5u ?us falsifies !  hi/ory  
to make good ! moral2 our presbyt]1 by  
respect+ !  hi/ory1 app>5tly invalidates
 ! moral3 = x c sc>cely be said  ( a    
life clos$ aft] ?irty-"o or ?irty-two   
ye>s1 t x supplies  a rule  2 at lea/ x 
w\ld seem m natural to apologize =  its 
premature t]m9ation1 ?an to lay /ress on
 its absolute  complet5ess4 ,! tru? is1 
!re 0 a c]ta91 obnoxi\s t5et beh9d1  :i*
 ^! writ]s 7 anxi\s to contradict1 & :i*
 _!  ass]tion exactly meets1--viz4 ! v  
t5et ( ,!odotus1 t !  ,div9e nature did 
n unite itself ) ! ,savi\r till 8       
baptism4  ,ir5u & 8 pupil c\ld n endure 
?is limitation ( :at 0  highe/ 9 ,*ri/  

to ! int]val betwe5 8 fir/ public prea*+
 &  8 crucifixion4 ,!y ?\ght t 9 ?is way
 x 0 r$uc$ to a m]e  (ficial inve/iture1
 n integral to 8 be+1 b ext]nally       
sup]9duc$2 & t su* a conception depriv$ 
x ( all its moral  significance4 ,!     
union ( ! ,logos ) our nature 0 n a     
provision  = tempor>y inspiration or a  
=5sic r$emption2 b 0 int5d$ to  m\ld a  
life & %ape a p]sonal exi/5ce1 accord+  
to ! immaculate  ideal ( humanity4 ,to  
accompli% ?is int5tion x 0 necess>y t  !
 ,logos %\ld nev] be abs5t f any "p ( 8 
e>?ly be+2 b  %\ld h claim$ 8 p]son f ! 
fir/1 & by preoccupation h  neutraliz$ !
 action ( ! natural 7or psy*ic7 elem5t1 
?r\gh\t  all ! ye>s ( 8 cont9uance among
 m54 ,! anxiety ( ,ir5u's  s*ool to put 
?is int]pretation on ! manife/ation ( ! 
,logos1  _! det]m9ation to di/+ui% x1 on
 ! "o h&1 f !  m$iate communication (   
prophets z an imm$iate pres5tation  7 71
 &1 on ! o!r1 f ! transi5t occupancy  ( 
a ready-made man1 z a p]man5t &         
?or\gh-go+ inc>nation  7 9 opposition to

  or 71 is app>5t 9 _!  :ole language on
 ?is subject4 ,9 ! ,son1 we are c>ri$ to
 ! fre%  f\nta9-head ( e k9d (          
p]fection1 & f9d ! unspoil$ ideal  (    
heav5ly & t]re/rial natures4 ,9 "o ( !  
fragm5ts (  ,hippolytus1 publi%$ by     
,mai1 & notic$ 9 ,m4 ,buns5's ,app5dix1 
?is  notion is convey$ by ! rem>k1 t ,he
 is fir/-born ( ,god's own  ess5ce1 t he
 may h prec$5ce ( angels2 fir/-born ( a 
virg91  t he may be a fre%-creat$ ,adam2
 fir/-born ( dea?1 t he might  become ! 
fir/ fruits ( our resurrection4#eb ,?is 
doctr9e x is1 we  appreh5d1 :i*         
amplifies itself into ! ,ir5an /atem5t1 
t !  div9e & ideal function ( ,*ri/     
coalesc$ ) ! hi/orical  ?r\gh\t1 s t to 
infants he 0 a consecrat+ infant2 to    
little  *ildr51 a consecrat+ *ild2 to   
y\?1 a consecrat+ model ( y\?2  & to    
eld]s1 a /ill consecrat+ rule1 n only by
 disclosure (  tru?1 b by exhibit+ !    
true type ( _! p]fection4#ec ,!  tea*+ (
 ,!odotus1 t ! heav5ly  rema9$ at a     
di/ance  till ! baptism1 0 directly     

contradictory ( ?is favorite notion2  & 
might well produce ho/ile excitem5t1 &  
provoke condemnation1 9  a *ur* :]e !   
,ir5an influ5ce is kn[n to h be5 p[]ful4
 ,!  attitude t ,victor assum$ t[>ds !  
,!odotians is ?us p]fectly  compatible )
 ,mon>*ian op9ions1 & ) an attitude     
equally  ho/ile1 9 ! opposite direction1
 t[>ds ! advanc+ ,tr9it>ian  claims ( a 
di/9ct p]sonality = ! ,logos4 ,?\gh only
 ! "o  ho/ility is record$ ( ,victor1 ! 
o!r is ascrib$1 z we h se51  to 8       
imm$iate successors1 ,zephyr9us &       
,calli/us1 :o ma9ta9$  t x 0 no o!r     
p]son ?an ! ,fa!r t dwelt z ! ,logos 9  
! ,son4 ,! facts tak5 toge!r1 & spread+ 
z !y d ov] !  p]iods ( ?ree popes1 af=d 
und5iable traces ( a /ruggle at !  turn 
( ! second c5tury1 betwe5 a preval5t b  
?reat5$  ,mon>*ianism1 & a new doctr9e (
 ! ,div9e ,p]sonality ( ! ,son4    ,aft]
 all1 :y is ,m4 ,buns5 s anxi\s to      
disprove ! late appe>ance  ( ! f\r?     
,gospel8 ,did he value x *iefly z a     
biographical sket*1  & dep5d ^u x =     

concrete facts1 a fir/-h& au!ntication (
  its cont5ts w\ld be ( prim>y mom5t4 ,b
 8 int]e/ 9 x is  evid5tly speculative r
 ?an hi/orical1 & c5tres ^u its         
doctr9al ?\ght1 n on its n>rative       
atte/ation2 & especially  s+les out !   
proem z a cond5s$ & p]fect expression ( 
,*ri/ian  ontology4 ,! book speaks to   
him1 & f9ds him1 out ( its my/ic        
spiritual dep?s2 sanctifies 8 own       
philosophy2 glorifies ) an ideal  haze !
 greate/ reality ( hi/ory2 bl5ds ) melt+
 t9ts !  t5d]ness ( ! human1 & !        
sublimity ( ! div9e life2 &  pres5ts !  
,holy ,_s z imman5t 9 ! s\ls ( ! fai?ful
 &  ! de/9ies ( humanity4 ,b its        
enunciation ( great tru?s1 its          
p5etration to ! /ill sanctu>y ( dev\t   
consci\sness1 w n  cease to be facts1 or
 become d\btful z m]its1 or be *ang$ 9  
_!  ende>+ p[]1 by an alt]ation 9 !     
sup]scription or ! date4  ,^! religi\s &
 philosophical features conv]se directly
 ) ,reason  & ,consci5ce1 & h ! same    
significance1 :atev] _! critical  hi/ory

 may be2 & are n ! less ri* z           
inspirations f hav+  pass$ =            
int]pretation ?r\gh m m9ds ?an "o4 ,!re 
is nei!r  common s5se nor piety1 z ,m4  
,buns5 himself1 we feel c]ta91 w  all[1 
9 ! assumption t ,revelation is         
necess>ily mo/ p]fect at  its s\rce1 & c
 only gr[ e>?y & turbid z x fl[s4 ,7 x  
some?+ entirely =eign to ! m9d1 capable 
( hold+ no ?\ght 9  solution1 b         
inevitably spoil$ by e abrasion x       
effects (  philosophy & feel+1 ?is      
me*anical view w\ld be correct4 ,b if x 
be ! int5s] pres5ce1 ! quick5$ p]ception
 ( a ,be+ abs5t  f none2 if x be !      
inf9ite orig9al ( :i* philosophy is !   
f9ite reflection2 if ?us x speaks1 n 9 !
 unkn[n tongue (  isolat$ ec/asy1 b 9 ! 
expressive music ( our common           
consci\sness & secret pray]2--!n is x s 
little unnatural1 s  relat$ to !        
con/itution ( our faculties1 t ! m9d's  
cont9u\s  reaction on x may br+ x m     
cle>ly out2 &1 aft] be+ deta9$  at fir/ 
amid sluggi% levels & un:olesome gr[?s  

:i* m> its  div9e transp>5cy1 x may     
p]colate ?r\gh f9] m$ia1 drop its       
accid5tal admixtures1 & take up 9 ea*   
/ratum ( ?\ght "s  elem5ts giv5 x by    
native aff9ity1 & become m purely ! spr+
  ( life 9 its desc5t ?an 9 its s\rce4  
,if1 be=e ! f\r? ,gospel  0 writt51 !   
figure ( ,*ri/1 less close to ! eye1 0  
se5 m  9 its relations to humanity & to 
,god2 if 8 deep h9ts1 work+ 9  !        
exp]i5ce ( m ?an "o g5]ation1 _h exp&$  
_!  m>vell\s cont5ts2 if1 9 a prolong$  
contact ( 8 religion )  ,hell5ism1      
elem5ts _h disclos$ !mselves (          
irresi/ible sympa?y1  & ! fir/ %>p      
b\nd>y drawn by ,jewi% h&s _h melt$     
away2 if  8 concrete hi/ory itself 0 n[ 
subord9ate to its ideal                 
int]pretation2--! book w pres5t u /ill )
 a ,*ri/ianity1 n  impov]i%$1 b enri*$4 
,9 proportion z its ?\ghts speak =      
!mselves by _! dep? & beauty1 may all   
anxiety cease ab\t _!  ext]nal          
legitimation2 _! cr$5tials become et]nal
 in/ead (  individual2 & :]e ! ,fa!r    

himself ?us be>e? witness1 ,*ri/  ne$e? 
n ! te/imony ( man4 ,x _c be1 !re=e1 any
 religi\s  issue t dep5ds on ! date (   
?is ,*ri/ian record2 x _c  make tru?1 x 
c only awak5 ! m9d to disc]n x2 & :e!r x
  has ?is p[] or n1 ! m9d c only report 
accord+ to its  consci\sness ( quick5+  
light or /agnant d>kness4 ,! int]e/ (   
?is "q _c surely be m ?an a critical    
int]e/1 to "o  :o c feel & speak 9 ?is  
noble /ra93--    ,no div9e au?ority is  
giv5 to any set ( m5 to make tru? =     
mank9d4 ,! supreme judge is ! ,_s 9 !   
,*ur*1 t is to  say1 9 ! univ]sal body (
 m5 pr(ess+ ,*ri/4 ,! univ]sal          
consci5ce is ,god's highe/ int]pret]4   
,if ,*ri/ speaks tru?1 8  words mu/     
speak to ! human reason & consci5ce1    
:5ev] &  :]ev] !y are prea*$3 let !m1   
!re=e1 be prea*$4 ,if !  ,gospels       
conta9$ inspir$ wisdom1 !y mu/ !mselves 
inspire )  heav5ly ?\ghts ! consci5ti\s 
inquir] & ! s]i\s ?9k]3  let !m1 !re=e1 
freely be made ! object ( inquiry & (   
?\ght4 ,scripture1 to be believ$ true ) 

full conviction1 mu/ be  at "o ) reason3
 let x1 !re=e1 be treat$ rationally4 ,by
  tak+ ?is c\rse1 we %all n lose /r5g?2 
b we %all ga9 a  /r5g? :i* no *ur* ev]  
_h4 ,!re is /r5g? 9 ,*ri/ian  discipl9e1
 if freely accept$ by ^? :o are to      
submit to x2 !re  is /r5g? 9 spiritual  
au?ority1 if freely ackn[l$g$ by ^?  :o 
c>e = ,*ri/2 !re is /r5g? unto dea? 9 ! 
en?usiasm (  an un5light5$ p1 if s9c]e1 
& connect$ ) l(ty moral  ideas4 ,b !re  
is no /r5g? to be comp>$ ) t ( a fai?   
:i* id5tifies moral & intellectual      
conviction ) religi\s  belief1 ) t ( an 
au?ority in/itut$ by su* a fai?1 & ( a  
,*ri/ian life bas$ ^u x1 & /riv+ to     
,*ri/ianize ?is _w  ( ours1 = :i*       
,*ri/ianity 0 proclaim$4 ,let ^? :o are 
s9c]e1 b timid1 look into _! consci5ce1 
& ask !mselves  :e!r _! timidity proce$s
 f fai?1 or :e!r x does n  r betray a   
want ( fai?4 ,europe is 9 a critical    
/ate1  politically1 ecclesia/ically1    
socially4 ,:]e is ! p[] able to  reclaim
 a _w1 :i*1 if x be fai?less1 is become 

s "u  unt5able & ineffective            
ord9ances1--:i*1 if x is 9 a /ate (     
confusion1 has become confus$ by ^? :o h
 spiritually guid$  x8 ,armies may      
subdue lib]ty2 b armies _c conqu] ideas3
 mu*  less c ,jesuits & ,jesuitical     
pr9ciples re/ore religion1 or           
sup]/ition revive fai?4 ,i d5y !        
preval5ce ( a de/ructive &  irreligi\s  
_s 9 ! he>ts ( ! imm5se majority ( !  p4
 ,i believe t ! _w wants1 n less1 b m   
religion4  ,b h[ev] ?is be1 ,i am firmly
 conv9c$ t ,god gov]ns ! _w1  & t he    
gov]ns x by ! et]nal ideas ( tru? &     
ju/ice  engrav$ on our consci5ce &      
reason2 & ,i am sure t nations1 :o  h   
conqu]$1 or are conqu]+1 civil lib]ty = 
!mselves1 w  soon] or lat] z c]ta9ly    
dem& lib]ty ( religi\s ?\ght1 &  t ^? ^:
 fa!rs h victori\sly acquir$ religi\s   
lib]ty  w n fail to dem& civil &        
political lib]ty also4 ,) ^!  ideas1 & )
 ! pres5t irresi/ible p[] ( communicat+ 
ideas1  :at c save u except religion1 & 
!re=e ,*ri/ianity8 ,b !n  x mu/ be a    

,*ri/ianity bas$ ^u t :i* is et]nally   
,god's  own1 & is z inde/ructible & z   
inv9cible z he is himself3 x  mu/ be    
bas$ ^u ,reason & ,consci5ce1 ,i mean   
reason spontane\sly  embrac+ ! fai? 9   
,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ian fai? feel+ itself at  
"o ) reason & ) ! hi/ory ( ! _w4        
,civiliz$ ,europe1  z x is at pres5t1 w 
fall2 or x w be pacifi$ by ?is  lib]ty1 
?is reason1 ?is fai?4 ,to prove t !     
cause (  ,prote/antism 9 ! n9ete5?      
c5tury is id5tical ) ! cause (          
,*ri/ianity1 x is only necess>y to att5d
 to ?is fact2 t !y  bo? mu/ s9k & fall1 
until !y /& ^u _! inde/ructible  gr\nd1 
:i*1 9 my inmo/ conviction1 is ! real1  
g5u9e1 orig9al  gr\nd ^u :i* ,*ri/ plac$
 x4 ,let u1 !n1 give up all notions  (  
f9d+ any o!r basis1 all attempts to prop
 up fai? by effete  =ms & outw>d ?+s3   
let u cease to combat reason1 :5ev] x   
contradicts conv5tional =ms & =mul>ies4 
,we mu/ take !  gr\nd po9t$ out by !    
,gospel1 z well z by ! hi/ory (         
,*ri/ianity4 ,we may !n hope to realize 

:at ,*ri/ di$ =1 to see  ! ,*ur* fulfil 
! high de/9ies ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ,god's w
  manife/$ by ,*ri/ to mank9d1 s z to   
make ! k+doms ( ?is  e>? ! k+doms ( !   
,mo/ ,high4--p4 #agb4    ,we h giv5 our 
read]s no conception ( ! v>iety &       
ri*ness (  ,m4 ,buns5's "w2 hav+ sc>cely
 pass$ beyond ! limits ( !  fir/ volume4
 ,x 0 impossible to pass by1 )\t        
exam9ation1 !  recov]$ monum5t ( e>ly   
,*ri/ianity1 :5ce 8 mat]ials &          
sugge/ions are prim>ily drawn2 & x is   
equally impossible to pass  beyond x1   
)\t ent]+ on a field too wide to be     
survey$4 ,we c  only record t1 9 !      
rema9+ volumes1 :i* are1 9 fact1 a      
s]ies ( sep>ate productions1 ! e>ly     
doctr9e ( ! ,eu*>i/ is  inve/igat$1 & ! 
progress ( its corruptions /rik+ly      
trac$2  ! primitive sy/em (             
ecclesia/ical rules or canons1 & !      
,*ur*-&-,h\se ,book1 or manual (        
in/ruction & piety 9 use  among !       
ante-,nic5e ,*ri/ians1 are c>efully &   
labori\sly  re/or$2 & g5u9e ,liturgies (

 ! fir/ c5turies are reproduc$4  ,9 ?is 
ardu\s "w ( recov]y1 !re is necess>ily  
mu* ne$ (  critical tact1 n to say mu*  
room = critical conjecture4 ,b !  "o our
 au?or ex]cises ) great felicity2 & !   
o!r he takes  all possible pa9s to r$uce
 to its l[e/ am\nt by c>eful  comp>ison 
( ,syrian1 ,coptic1 & ,abyss9ian texts4 
,! g5]al result  is a truly int]e/+ set 
( sket*es = a picture ( ! e>ly  ,*ur*2  
:i* rises be=e u ) no prie/ly           
pret5sions1 no  s*ola/ic cre$s1 no      
bibliolatry1 dry & dead2 b c]ta9ly ) an 
aspect ( g5u9e piety & affection1 & ) an
 air ( mild  au?ority ov] ! :ole ( life1
 :i* are ! m w9n+ f !  frightful        
corruption & dissolv+ civilization ( !  
,old ,_w  ar\nd4 ,t our au?or %\ld be   
fasc9at$ ) ! image he has  re-creat$1 & 
long to see x br\ght to life1 9 place ( 
t body  ( dea? on :i* we hang ! pomps & 
titles ( our nom9al  ,*ri/ianity1 is n  
a/oni%+4 ,b a great] *ange is           
ne$$--?\gh a f> less w be d5i$--?an a   
return to ! type (  fai? & wor%ip 9 !   

second c5tury4 ,to de/roy ! fatal *asm  
betwe5 pr(ession & conviction1 & br+ m5 
to live fre% out (  a real rev]5ce      
in/ead ( aga9/ a pret5d$ or a fanci$ "o1
 a  great] latitude & flexibility mu/ be
 giv5 to ! =ms (  spiritual culture ?an 
0 ne$$ 9 ! anci5t _w4 ,! unity (  sy/em 
:i* 0 once possible is unseasonable amid
 our gr[+  v>ieties ( condition &       
culture2 & ! me?ods :i* 7 natural  among
 a p closely ?r[n toge!r & con/ruct+ _! 
life  ar\nd ! ,*ur* z a c5tre1 w\ld be  
highly artificial 9 a /ate  ( society 9 
:i* ! family is ! real unit1 & !        
congregation  a prec>i\s aggregate1 (   
exi/5ce4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c be f9]  or m   
g5]\s ?an ! _s ( our au?or's sugge/ions 
(  re=m2 & we e>ne/ly ?ank him = a      
pr(usion ( pregnant  ?\ghts & fai?ful   
w>n+s1 ! application ( "o half ( :i*    
w\ld *ange ! fate ( our *ur*es1--! de/9y
 ( our  nation1--! c\rses ( ! _w4       
,,footnotes3    #bf         1           
4          1    1   1   1        4    1 
1      1     4 ,s4  ,hippol4 adv4       

,grcos4 ,fabricii ,hipp4 ,op4 p4 #bbb4  
#bg ,euseb4 ,h4 ,e41 ,,vi4 #bj4    #bh  
,attribut$ to him by ,ne&]1 ,kir*4      
,ges*i*te1 ,i4 iii4 #aaej2  & ,s*wegl]1 
,montanismus1 p4 #bbd4    #bi ,/orr     
places him at _! head1 ,zweck d] ,evang4
 ,ges*i*te1 p4 #fc2  & ,ei*horn         
associates him ) !m1 ,e9leitung 9 das   
,n4 ,t41 ,,ii4 #dad4    #cj ,see !      
notice ( ! ,ne/orian ,eb$ ,jesu1 9      
,asseman's ,bibl4  ,ori5t4 ,,iii4 i4 ap4
 ,giesel]1 k4 #i1  #fc4    #ca ,on _!   
relation1 & ! doctr9e connect$ ) _!     
names1  see ,baur's ,*ri/l4 ,gnosis1 p4 
#caj4    #cb ,phot4 ,biblio?41 cod4 #dh4
    7i4 e4 7       1          4    #cc  
,!ologis*e ,jahrb*]1 #ab;er ,b&1 ,i4    
#ahec1 p4 #aed4    #cd ,hret4 ,fab4     
,,ii4 c4 #e4        1             4     
#ce ,he also describes its exact        
relation to ! o!r1 :5 he calls  x a     
special "w 7    7 9 comp>ison ) ,!      
,labyr9? z  a g5]al "o3           4     
,cod4 #dh4    #cf ,ibid4       4    #cg 
,biblio?4 cod4 #dh2 ,l>dn]'s            

,cr$ibility1 ,"p ,,ii4 *4 xxxii42       
,buns5's ,hippolytus1 ,i4 p4 #aej4      
#ch ,euseb4 ,h4 ,e41 ,,iii4 #bh4   1    
1 1          1            4             
4 ,! passage1 pres]v+ its obscurities1  
seems to run ?us3  ,c]9?us too1 ?r\gh ! 
m$ium ( revelations writt5 z if by a    
great ,apo/le1 has palm$ (f ^u u        
m>vell\s acc\nts1 pret5d+ to  h be5 %[n 
him by angels2 to ! effect t1 aft] !    
resurrection1 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ w be an   
e>?ly "o1 & t !  fle% w aga9 be at !    
head ( affairs1 & s]ve 9 ,j]usalem !    
lu/s & pleasures ( s5se4 ,& ) wilful    
misguidance he says1  sett+ himself 9   
opposition to ! ,scriptures ( ,god1 t a 
p]iod (  a ?\s& ye>s w be sp5t 9 nuptial
 fe/ivities4 ,on ?is  mu*-controv]t$    
passage1 ,l>dn] 7,cr$41 ,p4 ,,ii4 *4    
xxxii47 susp5ds  8 judgm5t1 r incl9+ to 
d\bt :e!r our ,apocalypse is  ref]r$ to2
 ,hug 7,e9l4  #agf71 ,paulus 7,hi/4     
,c]9?41 ,p4 ,i4  #cj71  ) ,twells &     
,h>twig 7^: criticisms we h n se571 d5y 
t  ! ,apocalypse is meant2 :ile ,ei*horn

 7,e9l4 9 das ,n4 ,t41 ,,vi4 v4   #aid4 
#b71 ,de ,wette 7,lehrbu* d] ,e9l4 9 d4 
,n4 ,t41  #aib a71 ,lcke  7,comm5t> b4  
d4 ,s*rift5 des ,ev4 ,johannes1 ,(f5b4  
#cc71 &  ,s*wegl] 7,das na*apo/4        
,zeitalt]1 #b;er ,b4 p4 #bah71 take !   
o!r  side4 ,x mu/ be confess$ also1 t1  
till ! rise ( ! pres5t  discussion ab\t 
! ,philosoph\m5a1 ,baur agre$ ) ^! la/  
writ]s4 7,see 8 ,*ri/l4 ,lehre v4 d4    
,dreie9igkeit1 #a;er ,b4 p4 #bhc47 ,he  
n[ urges1 h[ev]1 t1 9 a case already s  
d\btful1 ! discov]y  ( a lo/ book1 :i*  
we h good reason to ascribe to ,caius1  
necess>ily br+s 9 new evid5ce1 & may    
turn ! scale betwe5 two  balanc$        
int]pretations4 7,!ol4 ,jahrb41 p4      
#aeg47    #ci ,baur expla9s ! slight    
treatm5t ( ! ,montani/ h]esy 9 !        
,philosophum5a by ! int5tion :i* ,caius 
already _h ( writ+ a  special book aga9/
 !m3 & cont5ds t ?is int5tion is        
ann\nc$ expressly 9 ! words 7p4 #bgf71  
4 ,^! words1 h[ev]1 d n ref]1 z !       
connection  evid5tly %[s1 to !          

,montani/s g5]ally2 b only to a c]ta9   
class ( !m :o fell 9 ) ! patripassian   
doctr9e ( ,noctus4  ,! ,noctian s*eme   
,caius 0 go+ to discuss fur!r on 9 ?is v
  book3 & x is evid5tly to ?is lat]     
*apt]1 n to any sep>ate  "w aga9/       
,montanism1 t he alludes4    #dj ,! ^w  
is p]haps n all[able 9 speak+ ( ! e>lie/
  "t 7! reign ( ,alex&] ,sev]us7        
assignable = ! erection (  sep>ate      
build+s appropriate to ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 
#da ,to ,hippolytus & ! writ]s ( 8      
p]iod1 ,dorn] ascribes !  latt]1        
prepond]antly ov] ! =m]1 side ( ?is     
alt]native2  :ile ,hnell *>ges _! view )
 ,sabellianism4 ,see ,dorn]'s           
,entwickelungsges*i*te d] ,lehre von d] 
,p]son ,*ri/i1 ,i4 p4 #faa1  seq4    #db
 ,t]t4 adv4 ,prax41 c4 #c4    #dc       
,euseb4 ,h4 ,e41 ,v4 #bh4    #dd ,see   
,adolph ,s*liemann's ,clem5t951 neb/ d5 
v]w&t5  ,s*rift5 und d] ,ebionitismus1  
,cap4 ,,iii4 ii4  #h1 #i4    #de ,m4    
,buns5 mu/ h "s au?ority :i* has escap$ 
our memory =  attribut+ to ! :ole s*ool 

( ,tb+5 ! op9ion t !  f\r? ,gospel 0    
writt5 ab\t ! ye> #afe or #agj4 7,i4 v47
 ,we _c  call to m9d any criticism :i*  
assigns s late a date4 ,s*wegl] uses    
v>i\s expressions to m>k ! "t to :i* he 
ref]s2 e4 g4 ab\t  ! middle ( ! second  
c5tury 7,na*apo/4 ,zeitalt]1 ,,ii4 #ced1
 &  ,montanismus1 p4 #bad72 int]m$iate  
betwe5 ! ,apologi/s & ,ir5u  7,,ii4     
#cfi72 previ\s to ! la/ ?ird ( ! second 
c5tury 7,,ii4 #cdh72  9 ! second qu>t] (
 ! second c5tury 7,,ii4 #cde74 ,zell]   
also  fixes on ! ye> #aej z ! "t :5 !   
,gospel may probably h  fir/ appe>$4    
7,zell]'s ,jahrb41 #ahde1 p4 #fdf47     
#df ,! e>lie/ te/imony is t (           
,apoll9>is1 ( ,hi]apolis 9  ,phrygia1   
pres]v$ 9 ! ,pas*al ,*ronicle1 probably 
ab\t ,a4 ,d4  #agj-age4    #dg ,we w    
give1 f ?is v section on ,basilides1 &  
its  subsequ5t recapitulation1 ?ree     
examples ( ! irregul> mode (  citation  
to :i* we ref]3 7a7 ( ! s+ul> v]b )     
plural  subject express$2 7b7 ( plural  
v]b ) s+ul> subject express$2  7c7 ( !  

mixture ( s+ul> & plural subjects 9 !   
same  s5t5ce1 s t ! affirmation belongs 
indet]m9ately to ei!r4    7a7           
1     1       4 1 1   1 4 4 4--p4 #bcj4 
7b7         1      1 444             1  
1 4 4  4--p4 #cbj4    7c7            444
  1 1  1         1    1  1   4 1  1   2 
444 1 1        1      1  1 1       4    
1         4--p4 #bcb4 ,n[ c any "o      
decide  :e!r ?is comm5t on ! ,let !re be
 light1 & !re 0 light1  ) its           
applications to ,john i4 #i1 proce$s f  
,basilides or f  ^! m58    #dh ,page    
#ebh4    #di ,euseb4 ,h4 ,e41 ,v4 #bh4  
#ej ,philosophum5a1 p4 #beh4    #ea     
,ir54 ,lib4 ,,ii4 c4 #ci4    #eb ,i4 p4 
#cda4    #ec ,! words ( ! au?or ( !     
,philosophum5a are ^!3                1 
1                 1           4--p4     
#ccg4          ,,! ,,cre$ ,,(           
,,*ri/5dom4        #a4 ,! ,cre$ (       
,*ri/5dom2 its ,f\ndations &            
,sup]/ructure4      ,by ,,william       
,,ra?bone ,,greg4 ,london3 ,*apman4     
#ahea4        #b4 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les  

to ! ,cor9?ians2 an ,attempt to convey  
_! ,_s & ,significance4 ,by ,,john      
,,hamilton ,,?om4 ,london3      ,*apman4
 #ahea4      ,^! two books are plac$    
toge!r )\t ! lea/ int5tion to  intimate 
a resemblance betwe5 !m1 or to repres5t 
ei!r au?or z  %>+ 9 ! conclusions ( !   
o!r4 ,!y are1 inde$1 conc]n$  ) opposite
 sides ( ! same subject2 view$1 moreov]1
 f !  sep>ate /ations ( ! layman & !    
div9e2 & are ! expression  ( /rongly    
contra/$ modes ( ?\ght4 ,mr4 ,greg deals
 pr9cipally  ) ! ext]nal vehicle ( !    
primitive ,*ri/ianity2 ,mr4 ,?om )  its 
int]nal ess5ce4 ,! "o seeks 9 va9 = any 
outw>d title 9  ! records to suppress ! 
op]ations ( natural reason2 ! o!r  cle>s
 away f ! int]ior e int]f]5ce ) ! free  
action  ( consci5ce & affection4 ,! "o1 
9 ! "n ( sci5ce1  demoli%es ! outworks (
 ecclesia/ical logic ) :i* ! %r9e  (    
fai? has be5 dang]\sly gu>d$3 ! o!r1 9 !
 "n (  ,*ri/1 expels bo? prie/ & dogma f
 ! sanctu>y itself4 ,!  "o1 select+ deep
 tru?s f ! words ( ,jesus1 w\ld con/ruct

  religion into a philosophy2 ! o!r1 )  
eye ^u ,8 p]son z an  image ( p]fect    
goodness1 w\ld develop x f a s5tim5t4 ,z
 all  opposites1 h[ev]1 are embrac$ 9 ! 
circumf]5ce ( ! same  circle1 s are ^!  
works complem5ts ( ea* o!r4 ,mr4 ,greg1 
9  common ) ! ,ca?olics & ! ,unit>ians1 
evid5tly looks = !  /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity 
9 ! ,gospels2 ,mr4 ,?om1 ) ! majority  (
 ,prote/ants1 9 ! ,epi/les4 ,= want ( "s
 m$iat+ h>mony  betwe5 ! two1 ea* p]haps
 requires "s correction3 ! hi/orical    
picture ( ,*ri/ sav$ by ! =m] is b a    
pale & meagre  outl9e2 :ile ! ,paul9e   
ideal pres5t$ by ! latt] is a gl[ (  ri*
 b undef9$ color+4 ,mr4 ,greg1 :o1 9    
spite ( p>ticul>  errors1 manife/s a    
l>ge k & a ma/]ly judgm5t 9 8  criticism
 ( ! ,evangeli/s1 appe>s to h1 9 8 own  
sympa?ies1  no way ( access to a m9d l t
 ( ,paul1 & to be mu* at fault  9       
e/imat+ ! place ( ! ,apo/le bo? z a     
witness & a p[]  9 ! organization (     
,*ri/ian tradition & doctr9e4 ,_h !     
acut5ess & sev]ity ( 8 und]/&+ be5 a    

little m  qualifi$ by su* reflective    
dep? & moral t5d]ness z ,mr4 ,?om  br+s 
to ! "w ( int]pretation1 8 religion1 we 
fancy1 w\ld  h reta9$ a less sl5d]      
remnant ( ! primitive ,*ri/ianity4      
,measur$ by ! /&>d ( common             
,prote/antism1 !re c be no  d\bt t !    
second ( ^! books w\ld be condemn$ =    
h]esy1  & ! fir/ = unbelief4 ,^! ugly   
words1 h[ev]1 h be5 too  (t5 appli$ to  
:at is fulle/ ( tru? & fai?1 to express 
m  ?an a dep>ture1 :i* weak m5 feel to  
be irritat+1 f a  favorite type ( ?\ght4
 ,!y h lo/ _! effect on all :o are      
compet5t to m$itate on ! great problems 
( religion1 & are fa/  tak+ _! place 9 !
 sc&al\s vocabul>y ( pr(essional        
polemics4 ,x is a ?+ (f5sive to j m5 :5 
div9es1 :o h  succe$$ 9 smo!r+1 or be5  
too dull to ent]ta91 d\bts :i*  r5d !   
s\l ( g5ius & fai?fulness1 & insi/ on a 
v]aci\s  answ]1 meet !m1 n ) sympa?y1   
/ill less ) ma/]y1 b  ) ! commonplaces (
 incompet5t pity & holy mal$iction4 ,&  
! (f5ce is d\bl$ 9 ! eyes ( in/ruct$ m51

 :o "k !  /ate to :i* ,biblical         
criticism has br\ght ! !ology ( !       
,re=mation4 ,x is notori\s t1 9 ! revolt
 f ,rome1 !  ,scriptures--l a dictator  
sudd5ly creat$ = ! p]ils ( a  crisis--7 
=c$ into a position :]e x 0 impossible =
 !m  p]man5tly to repose2 t !y _c be    
treat$ z infallible  oracles ( ei!r fact
 or doctr9e1 & 7 nev] meant to be> !    
weight ( su* unnatural claims2 t !      
au?ority once conc5trat$  9 !m1 & held  
ev5 aga9/ ! reason & consci5ce1 mu/ n[  
be di/ribut$1 & ask _! concurr5ce4 ,^!  
are n que/ionable  positions1 b s       
irresi/ibly e/abli%$1 t le>n+ ( !       
highe/ ord] w\ld no m li/5 to an argum5t
 aga9/ !m1 ?an  ,h]s*el or ,airy to a   
disquisition aga9/ ! rotation ( ! e>?4  
,:5 a cl]gyman1 !re=e1 treats !m )      
horror1 & d5\nces  !m z infidelity1 he  
produces no conviction1 except t he     
himself  is ei!r ill-in=m$ or ins9c]e4  
,pr(essional reproa*es aga9/ a  book s  
manly & mode/1 s evid5tly tru?-lov+1 s  
high-m9d$  & dev\t1 z ?is ( ,mr4        

,greg's1 are b a melan*oly imbecility4  
,we  may hold to _m ?+s :i* he resigns2 
we may ?9k him wrong 9  ! date ( a      
,gospel or ! con/ruction ( a miracle2 we
 may ev5  diss5t f 8 e/imate ( ! gr\nds 
( immortal hope & ! ways  ( et]nal      
,provid5ce3 b we d n envy1 & _c und]/&1 
!  religion :i* c feel no ?ankful       
communion ) ?\ght s  elevat$1 & tru/ s  
s\nd & real4 ,no c&id read] ( ! ,cre$  (
 ,*ri/5dom c close ! book )\t ! secret  
ackn[l$gm5t  t x is a model ( hone/     
inve/igation & cle> exposition2 t  x is 
conceiv$ 9 ! true _s ( s]i\s & fai?ful  
rese>*2  & t :atev] ! au?or wants ( be+ 
an ecclesia/ical  ,*ri/ian is pla9ly n  
ess5tial to ! noble guidance ( life1 &  
! dev\t e>ne/ness ( ! affections4    ,x 
is highly honorable to an ,engli%       
layman1 amid ! pressure (  affairs1 to  
take up a class ( critical inquiries1   
:i* ! cl]gy seem  to h ab&on$ = a n>r[] 
& m passionate polemic4 ,x is a         
rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ! pres5t age1 t1 
:5 ! mo/  />tl+ attacks are made ^u ! v 

f\ndations ( exi/+  *ur*es1 nobody      
repels !m4 ,no?+ is (f]$ to break _!    
effect1  except ! in]tia ( ! mass t re/s
 ^u ! base assail$4 ,=  e great         
sceptical "w ( ! la/ c5tury !re 0 "s    
score (  reputable answ]s2 b half a doz5
 books ( ! same t5d5cy h  appe>$ )9 a   
few ye>s1 all ( :i* h be5 copi\sly      
review$1  h spread excitem5t ov] a wide 
surface1 & set an imm5se am\nt (        
!ological hair on end1 b n "o ( :i* has 
receiv$ any adequate  reply4 ,yet !     
slighte/ ( ^! productions w\ld favorably
 comp>e1  9 all ! requisites =          
successful p]suasion1--9 le>n+1 9       
temp]1 9 acut5ess1--) ! be/ ( ! la/ age1
 except+ only !  philosophical          
disquisitions ( ,hume & ! ecclesia/ical 
*apt]s (  ,gibbon4 ,! fir/ 9            
"t1--,h5nell's ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( 
,*ri/ianity1--?\gh ! mo/ op5 to         
refutation1 0 p]mitt$ to  pass ?r\gh an 
unmole/$ exi/5ce2 & its influ5ce1       
consid]able 9  itself1 & increas$ by !  
sweet & tru?ful "* ( ! au?or1  is /ill  

traceable 9 ! pages ( ,mr4 ,greg4 ,to ! 
effect ( ,/rauss's  extraord9>y "w1 !   
good ,ne&]'s ,leb5 ,jesu (f]s b a mild  
resi/ance1 & is itself1 ?r\gh ! ext5t ( 
its concessions1 an  op5 proclamation t 
! problems ( !ology c nev] be re/or$ to 
! /ate 9 :i* all *ur*es assume !m to be4
 ,p>k] 0  excommunicat$ by 8 sect2 b 8  
,disc\rse ( ,matt]s p]ta9+ to  ,religion
 has walk$ ! c\rse un*all5g$1 & display$
 ! spl5dor  ( its gifts1 )9 ! entire    
l9es ( ! ,engli% language4 ,newman1     
,foxton1 & ,greg h s9ce ent]$ _! names  
on ! index  expurgatorius ( ,or?odoxy2 b
 !y also w be simply exclud$ f  ! sacr$ 
circle ( read]s b\nd ov] n to ?9k2 &1   
beyond ?is1  w make _! conv]ts          
undi/urb$1 & accumulate fre% *>ges (    
?reat5+ p[] 9 ! intellectual atmosph]e  
:i* surr\nds !  ,*ur*4 ,:5ce ?is        
pusillanim\s apa?y8 ,is x =gott5 t cre$s
  always assail$ & nev] def5d$ are sure 
to p]i%8 ,or is x felt  t ! def5ce1 to  
be s\nd & /rong1 mu/ be s p>tial--s     
limit$  to po9ts ( detail--z to promise 

a m]e div]sion1 in/ead ( a  repulse1 &  
be m dang]\s ?an ! attitude (           
passiv5ess8 ,or does  ! ,*ur* resign$ly 
give up h] hold on ! class ( e>ne/1     
intellectual m5 :o _c degrade religion  
into a second-h&  tradition1 b mu/ "k   
:at !y wor%ip8 ,c]ta9 x is t h]  :ole   
activity has long ab&on$ ?is class1 &   
address$ itself  exclusively to ! n>r[] 
& l[] ord] ( m9d1 ^: vision is  b\nd$ by
 ! p]iph]y ( a giv5 cre$1 & ^: life is  
satisfi$  ) ! squabbles & ! gossip (    
articles =c$ into neighborhood1  b no   
long] on speak+ t]ms4 ,if ! efficacy (  
holy ord]s is  call$ 9 "q1 /reams (     
sac]dotal refutation fl[ f !  press2 b  
if ! inspiration ( ! twelve ,apo/les is 
d5i$1 x is a  ?+ t nei!r bi%op nor prie/
 w c>e to v9dicate4 ,if a ^w  ( mi/ake  
is utt]$ ab\t ! drops ( wat] on ! face (
 a baptiz$  baby1 x conjures up a /orm t
 rolls f diocese to diocese2 b if  y say
 t pure religion has no rite or sacram5t
 at all1 !  ecclesia/ic atmosph]e rema9s
 /ill z a ,quak]'s sil5t meet+4 ,!      

deepe/ int]e/ is felt ab\t ! orig9 (    
liturgies1 & ! hi/ory  ( articles1 b    
nobody he$s ! mo/ /agg]+ evid5ce t ?ree 
(  ! ,gospels are second-h& aggregations
 ( he>say reports1 & !  f\r? (          
que/ionable au!nticity4 ,y d5y !        
self-consi/5cy (  ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& &    
call x a compromise2 & ! sudd5 ru/le (  
g[ns & sleeves proclaims a great        
s5sation4 ,y analyze ! acc\nts  (       
,*ri/'s resurrection2 y ask :e!r !y are 
n discrepant2 y  po9t out t1 app>5tly1 !
 olde/ record 7,m>k's7 conta9$1 9 its   
orig9al =m1 no acc\nt ( ! ev5t at all1 &
 t ! o!rs be>  seem+ traces ( di/9ct &  
incompatible traditions4 ,y cry al\d  = 
help 9 ?is p]plexity1 & hold y\rselves  
ready to foll[ any  ve/iges ( tru?2 &1  
except t ! cre$s are /ill mutt]$ e      
,sunday1 all ! oracles are dumb4 ,if y  
want to f9d ! true magic  pass into     
heav51 scores ( rival pr(essors press   
r\nd y )  obtrusive supply3 if y ask 9  
y\r sorr[1 ,:o c tell me :e!r  !re be a 
heav5 at all8 e s\l w keep alo( & leave 

y  alone4 ,all m5 t br+ f ,god a fre%1  
deep nature1 all 9 :om  religi\s wants  
live ) eag] p[]1 & :o yet are too cle> (
 s\l  to un?9k a ?\ght & falsify a tru?1
 receive 9 ^! days no help  & no        
response4 ,! ,*ur* feels its int]e/1 z  
an educat$  corporation1 to consi/ 9    
ov]lay+ & cov]+ up ! f\ndations (  fai? 
) huge piles ( curi\s le>n+1 hi/ory1 &  
art1 :i*1 by  af=d+ endless occupation1 
may deta9 m5 f se>* aft] !  liv+ rock1  
or notice ( ! und]m9+ flood4 ,&1 z an   
e/abli%$ corporation1 %e relies on !    
lazy cons]vatism ( m5tal  possession2 on
 ! dislike felt by ! com=table classes  
t[>ds !  tr\ble ( ?\ght & ! di/urbance (
 feel+1 & _! usual  will+ness to h& ov] 
^! op]ations to ! pray]-book & !  prie/4
 ,we are grateful to ,mr4 ,greg = %ak+  
?is ignoble &  prec>i\s reliance1 :i* he
 notices 9 ^! admirable s5t5ces4    ,a m
 g5u9e & important objection to !       
consequ5ces ( our  views is felt by     
indol5t m9ds on _! own acc\nt4 ,!y %r9k 
f  ! toil ( work+ out tru? = !mselves   

out ( ! mat]ials  :i* ,provid5ce has    
plac$ be=e !m4 ,!y long = ! preci\s     
metal1 b loa! ! rude ore out ( :i* x has
 to be extricat$ by  ! labori\s al*emy (
 ?\ght4 ,a ready-made cre$ is ! p>adise 
( _! lazy dreams4 ,a /r+ ( au?oritative1
 dogmatic propositions  comprises ! :ole
 m5tal weal? :i* !y desire4 ,! volume ( 
nature--! volume ( hi/ory--! volume (   
life--appall & t]rify  !m4 ,su* m5 are !
 mat]ials out ( :om good ca?olics ( all 
sects are made4 ,!y =m ! un9quir+ &     
submissive flocks :i*  rejoice ! he>ts (
 all prie/hoods4 ,let su* cl+ to ! fai? 
(  _! =efa!rs1 if !y c4 ,b m5 ^: m9ds   
are ca/ 9 a  nobl] m\ld1 & are in/9ct ) 
a div9] life1--:o love tru?  m ?an re/1 
& ! peace ( ,heav5 r ?an ! peace (      
,ed51--to :om 'a l(ti] be+ br+s sev]]   
c>es1'--          ',:o "k man does n    
live by joy alone1         ,b by !      
pres5ce ( ! p[] ( ,god1'--    su* mu/   
ca/ beh9d !m ! hope ( any repose or     
tranquillity1  save t :i* is ! la/ rew>d
 ( long agonies ( ?\ght2 !y  mu/        

rel9qui% all prospect ( any heav51 save 
t ( :i*  tribulation is ! av5ue &       
portal2 !y mu/ gird up _! lo9s  & trim  
_! lamp = a "w :i* _c be put by1 & :i*  
mu/  n be neglig5tly done4 ',he1' says  
,zs*okke1 ':o does n l  liv+ 9 ! furni%$
 lodg+s ( tradition1 mu/ build 8 own    
h\se1 8 own sy/em ( ?\ght & fai? =      
himself4'--p4 #bdb4    ,! "w ( ,mr4     
,greg d]ives its int]e/1 n f any?+ 9 x  
t w be new to ! /udi\s !ologian1 b f !  
fre%ness  & =ce ) :i* x pres5ts !       
results ( ! au?or's read+  & reflection 
on bo? ! claims & ! cont5ts (           
,scripture4  ,adopt+ ! ord9>y notion (  
inspiration1 z equival5t to a           
sup]naturally provid$ infallibility1 he 
reviews & condemns !  reason+s by :i*   
?is attribute has be5 associat$ ) !     
,bible2  & decides t ! m]e discov]y ( a 
/atem5t 9 ! ,scriptures  is no suffici5t
 reason = our implicit reception ( x4   
,hav+  cle>$ away ?is ob/acle to all    
intellig5t criticism1 he pursues  8 way1
 *iefly "u ! guidance ( ,de ,wette1     

?r\gh ! e>li]  lit]ature ( ! ,hebrews2 &
 adds ano!r to ! _m exposures (  !      
humiliat+ attempts1 on ! "p ( ,engli%   
div9es1 to reconcile  ! cosmogony (     
,g5esis ) mod]n sci5ce2 attempts :i* we 
%\ld  call obsolete1 did we n rememb] t 
,buckl& & ,:ewell are bo?  liv+1 & h n  
yet atta9$ ! episcopal b5*4 ,mr4 ,greg  
adopts  ! views ( :i* ,baur is ! be/    
kn[n rec5t expositor1 b :i*  ,less+ long
 ago trac$ out1 z to ! gradual =mation (
 ! ,hebrew  mono!ism2 & %[s ! /rik+     
contra/ betwe5 ! family ,jehovah  ( !   
,patri>*s & ! univ]sal ,god ( ! lat]    
,prophets4  ,:atev] be ! orig9 ( !      
doctr9e ( a ,messiah1 & "u  :atev]      
v>ieties x appe>$1 x nev] po9t$1 ! au?or
  conceives1 to su* a p]son z ,jesus (  
,naz>e?1 or su* a product z  ! ,*ri/ian 
,*ur*2 & x is only by p]v]se            
int]pretations1  un5durable out ( !     
field ( !ology1 t any passages 9 ! ,old 
,te/am5t c be made out to prefigure !   
ev5ts 9 ! ,new4 ,9 !  argum5t1 !re=e1   
betwe5 ! e>ly mission>ies ( ! ,gospel & 

! unconv9c$ ,jews1 ,mr4 ,greg ma9ta9s t 
! latt] 7 ! m  fai?ful to _! sacr$      
books4 ,! ph5om5a ( ! fir/ ?ree         
,gospels are next exam9$ suffici5tly to 
expla9 ! sev]al  hypo!ses respect+ !    
ord] & mat]ials ( _! composition4  ,!   
au?or re/s on ,s*lei]ma*]'s conclusion1 
t a numb] (  fragm5t>y records ( incid5t
 & disc\rse =m$ ! gr\ndwork1  p>tly     
common1 p>tly exclusive1 ( ! triple     
,evangile4 ,he ?us  removes u1 9 ?is    
portion ( ! ,scriptures1 f fir/-h&      
te/imony altoge!r2 & ?r[s ^u int]nal    
criticism ! task (  discrim9at+ betwe5 !
 orig9al & reliable elem5ts on ! "o  h&1
 & ^? on ! o!r :i* did n escape !       
accid5ts (  float+ tradition & ! color+ 
( lat] ideas4 ,?is delicate task  !     
au?or attempts2 & manife/s ?r\gh\t an   
acqua9tance ) !  me?ods & models ( !    
high] criticism1 fully qualify+ him to  
=m ! indep5d5t judgm5t :i* he sums up 9 
^! words3--    ,9 conclusion1 !n1 x     
appe>s c]ta9 t 9 all ! synoptical       
,gospels we h ev5ts relat$ t did n      

really occur1 & words  ascrib$ to ,jesus
 :i* ,jesus did n utt]2 & t _m ( ^!     
words & ev5ts are ( great significance4 
,9 ! great majority (  ^! in/ances1     
h[ev]1 ?is incorrectness does n imply   
any want  ( hone/y on ! "p ( !          
,evangeli/s1 b m]ely indicates t  !y    
adopt$ & embodi$1 )\t mu* scrut9y or    
critical acum51  :atev] probable &      
honorable n>ratives !y f\nd curr5t 9 !  
,*ri/ian community4--p4 #acg4    ,!     
peculi>ities ( ! f\r? ,gospel are next  
dealt )3 its app>5t  polemic ref]5ce to 
! gnosis ( ! fir/ & second c5turies2 its
  abs5ce ( demoniacs & p>ables2 ! l5g?1 
! my/icism1 ! dogma  ( its disc\rses1 & 
_! uni=mity ( complexion ) !  hi/orian's
 own n>rative & reflections2 ! n>r[ness 
( its  *>ity1 & ! apocryphal appe>ance (
 its fir/ miracle4 ,)\t  que/ion+ !     
probability t )9 ! cont5ts ( ?is ,gospel
 is  secret$ a nucleus ( facts1 ,mr4    
,greg ?9ks ! book s cle>ly imbu$        
?r\gh\t ) ! writ]'s idiosyncrasy1 z to  
be inf]ior 9  hi/orical value to !      

,synoptics2 & ! disc\rses ( ,jesus1 9   
p>ticul>1 mu/ be reg>d$ z free          
compositions by ! ,evangeli/4 ,9  our   
au?or's managem5t ( ?is subject !re     
seems to u to be an  unfavorable *ange4 
,! /yle ( ?\ght peculi> to ,john1 z well
 z  t *>act]i/ic ( ,paul1 lies out ( !  
latitude native to him2 &  ) e int5tion 
to be j 9 8 appreciation1 he fails1 we  
?9k1  to rea* ! po9t ( sympa?y f :i* !  
f\r? ,gospel %\ld be  judg$4 ,! realism 
( 8 m9d makes him a bett] critic ( ! h>d
  ,judaical elem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian         
,scriptures1 ) its objective  di/9ctness
 & its moral beauty1 ?an ( ! m ideal    
,g5tile  +r$i5ts1 :]e a subjective      
dialectic traces =ms ( ?\ght 9 !  int5se
 fires ( spiritual consci\sness4    ,9 a
 sep>ate discussion ( ! "q ( miracles !y
 are re/or$  to ! subord9ate position1 z
 comp>$ ) moral evid5ce1 assign$  to !m 
by ! e>ly ,prote/ant div9es4 ,adopt+ !  
position (  ,locke1 t ! miracles are to 
be judg$ by ! doctr9es1 & n  ! doctr9es 
by ! miracles1 he c admit ) ! less pa9 8

  conviction1 t1 ev5 9 ! in/ance ( !    
resurrection ( ,jesus1  ! hi/orical     
evid5ce is too conflict+ & unc]ta9 to   
be> !  sup]natural weight impos$ ^u x4  
,he admits1 inde$1 t ,jesus  may h ris5 
f ! dead2 ! ,apo/les manife/ly believ$  
x2  & t ! m>k$ *ange 9 _! "* & conduct1 
f  despair to triumph1 af=ds ! /ronge/  
evid5ce ( ! su/a9+  en]gy ( ?is belief4 
,b1 9 our ignorance ( ! gr\nds ( ?is    
belief1 7! ,gospels & book ( ,acts      
conta9+ no correct or  fir/-h& report ( 
! facts17 x is impossible1 he conceives1
 to  =m any rational e/imate ( _!       
adequacy4 ,9 ,mr4 ,greg's decision  on  
?is important po9t1 we see ! effect ( 8 
entrance on !  problem ( ,*ri/ianity f !
 hi/orical end4 ,if1 in/ead (  address+ 
himself fir/ to ! ,gospels :i* lie mo/  
remote f !  s\rce ( ! religion1 &       
repres5t ! late/ & mo/ con/itut$  =m ( !
 primitive tradition1 he _h begun ) !   
e>lie/  rema9s ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 &  
trac$ ! doctr9e ( !  resurrection f !   
,epi/les ( ,paul into ! /ory ( !        

,evangeli/s1 we ?9k he w\ld h arriv$ at 
a diff]5t conclusion4  ,9 dismiss+ !    
te/imony ( ,paul z ( little weight1 he  
?r[s  away ! ma9 evid5ce ( ! :ole case4 
,we c und]/& ! critic  :o1 hav+ put !   
miracul\s entirely aside1 z logically   
inadmissible1 makes light ( ! ,paul9e   
/atem5ts on ?is matt]1  & appeals to _! 
writ]'s op5ness to impressions ( !      
sup]natural 9 pro( ( a c]ta9 vitiat+    
uns\ndness ( m9d4 ,b  "o :o1 l our      
au?or1 reg>ds ?is  priori incr$ulity z  
an  unphilosophical prejudice1 & ^u ^:  
li/ ( real causes1 nev]  preclud$ f     
possible action1 sup]natural p[] f9ds a 
place1  _c consi/5tly condemn ano!r =   
believ+ 9 concrete  in/ances :at he     
himself all[s 9 ! g5]al2 & put ! ,apo/le
  out ( c\rt1 on ! plea t we h no       
evid5ce b 8 ass]tion  ( 8 int]c\rse ) ! 
ris5 ,*ri/4 ,is n 8 ass]tion !  only    
evid5ce possible ( a subjective miracle8
 & is !re any  gr\nd = re/rict+         
sup]natural ag5cy to an objective       
direction8  ,no d\bt1 facts pres5t$ to  

ext]nal p]ception h ! advantage (  be+  
op5 to m witnesses ?an "o2 & if x be    
delib]ately laid  d[n z a canon1 t 9 no 
case c any anomal\s ev5t be admitt$  on 
"o man's decl>ation1 we all[ ! consi/5cy
 ( refus+ a  he>+ to ! ,apo/le4 ,b su* a
 rule w\ld only be an example (  !      
futility ( all attempts to r$uce moral  
evid5ce to ma!matical  expression4      
,facts ( ! mo/ extraord9>y nature h     
always be51  & w always be1 receiv$ on  
solit>y atte/ation2 & if s1 x  makes no 
logical diff]5ce :e!r !y be call$       
objective1 or  subjective4 ,a man has   
faculties = appreh5d+ :at passes )9     
him1 z well z :at passes )\t2 nor d we  
"k any gr\nd =  tru/+ ! latt] :i* does n
 hold equally good = ! =m]4  ,if x be   
said t ! report] ( a miracle n only     
ann\nces :at  he sees or feels1--:i* we 
may accept on 8 v]acity1--b proclaims   
its sup]natural s\rce1--:i* we may      
repudiate f di/ru/ ( 8  judgm5t1--!     
rem>k is p]fectly j1 only t x applies   
alike to  all te/imony1 & n exclusively 

to miracul\s reports4 ,our  disposition 
to receive ! evid5ce ( a witness assum$ 
to be  v]aci\s1 dep5ds on our hav+ !    
same preconceptions ( causation  )      
himself4 ,9 ! ord9>y affairs ( life1 ?is
 common gr\nd is  sure to exi/1 & !re=e 
rema9s a m]e lat5t condition (  belief4 
,b ! sl[ness to admit a miracle arises f
 ! failure (  ?is common gr\nd2 & if !  
he>] res]v$ 9 ! backgr\nd (  8 m9d1 & 9 
equal read9ess = action1 ! same         
sup]natural  p[] to :i* ! witness's     
ass]tion ref]s1 he w\ld feel no m       
temptation to incr$ulity ?an 9 li/5+ to 
"s matt] ( c\rse4  ,! reluctance to     
believe1 is pro( t 8 /ore ( causation is
  limit$ to ! natural sph]e2 & e        
ph5om5on irr$ucible to  ?is drops away f
 all hold ^u 8 m9d4 ,z !re is no su* ?+ 
z a fact p]ceiv$ )\t a judgm5t =m$1 s is
 !re no belief  9 ! atte/ation ( a fact 
)\t reliance on ! s\ndness ( a  judgm5t2
 & t reliance dep5ds on ! he>] hav+ !   
same li/  ( causes 9 8 m9d z ! witness4 
,if1 !n1 ,mr4 ,greg holds1 )  ,paul1 t !

 p[] exi/s :5ce a subjective miracle    
might issue1  & if f ! nature ( ! case  
su* miracle mu/ rema9 a matt]  ( p]sonal
 consci\sness1 :y reject ! ,apo/le's    
report ( 8  exp]i5ce8 ,9 *oos+ f among !
 causes :i* bo? p>ties  admit1 x _c be  
d5i$ t ,paul alights ^u t :i*1 if  !re1 
gives ! easie/ & mo/ c]ta9 explanation2 
& to f9d a  satisfactory orig9 = 8      
impressions & conduct 9 natural  ag5cies
 is s difficult1 t critics w\ld nev]    
attempt x1 b to  escape ! ackn[l$gm5t ( 
miracle4 ,on 8 own pr9ciples we d n  see
 h[ our au?or c\ld excuse himself to !  
,apo/le = reject+  8 te/imony2 :i* does 
b communicate1 9 ! only conceivable     
way1 t :i* is all[$ to be possible      
en\gh1 & :i* be/  cle>s up ! my/]y ( an 
a/oni%+ revolution 9 p]sonal  "*1 & 9 ! 
convictions ( an e>ne/ & p[]ful m9d4    
,! :ole "q ( miracles1 h[ev]1 loses its 
anxi\s importance  ) ^? :o1 l our au?or1
 w\ld /ill1 amid _! con/ant  occurr5ce1 
look to o!r s\rces = ! cr$5tials ( moral
 &  religi\s tru?4 ,if any?+ is         

positively & incontrov]tibly kn[n       
respect+ ! ,apo/les1--& 9 proportion z  
we tru/ ! synoptical  ,gospels mu/ we   
all[ ,mr4 ,greg to ext5d ! rem>k to _!  
,ma/]1--x is ?is3 t :atev] p[]s !y      
ex]cis$1 & :atev]  communications !y    
receiv$1 7 inadequate to pres]ve !m f   
s]i\s error2 & f deliv]+ to ! _w1 z a   
sub/antive "p  ( _! message1 a mo/      
solemn expectation :i* 0 n to be        
fulfill$4 ,?is fact1 no long] d5i$ by   
any reputable !ologian1  alone %[s t1   
ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( ! highe/ ,*ri/ian     
au?ority1 ! natural crit]ia ( reason &  
consci5ce _c be  disp5s$ )4 ,9 !        
application ( ^! to ! tea*+s & life  (  
,*ri/1 our au?or f9ds1 if n any tru?s ( 
sup]natural  dictation1 at lea/ ! highe/
 object ( v5]ation & affection yet  giv5
 to ?is _w4    ,n[ on ?is subject1 he   
says1 we hope our confession ( fai? w   
be acceptable to all save ! n>r[ly      
or?odox4 ,x is difficult1  )\t exhau/+  
sup]latives1 ev5 to unexpressive &      
we>isome  satiety1 to d ju/ice to our   

int5se love1 rev]5ce1 & admiration  = ! 
"* & tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,we reg>d him1 n z
 !  p]fection ( ! intellectual or       
philosophic m9d1 b z !  p]fection ( !   
spiritual "*1--z surpass+ all m5 ( all  
times 9 ! clos5ess & dep? ( 8 communion 
) ! ,fa!r4 ,9  read+ 8 say+s1 we feel t 
we are hold+ conv]se ) !  wise/1 pure/1 
noble/ ,be+ t ev] clo!d ?\ght 9 ! poor  
language ( humanity4 ,9 /udy+ 8 life1 we
 feel t we are  foll[+ ! foot/eps ( !   
highe/ ideal yet pres5t$ to u ^u  e>?4  
',bless$ be ,god t s mu* manl9ess has   
be5 liv$ out1 &  /&s !re yet1 a la/+    
monum5t to m>k h[ high ! tides (  div9e 
life h ris5 9 ! _w ( man6'--p4 #bbg4    
,we diff] altoge!r f our au?or 9 8      
notion ( inspiration1 &  8 r$uction (   
,*ri/ianity )9 ! limits ( human res\rce4
 ,b  we mu/ say1 t :ile !re is su* an   
e/imate z ?is ( :at  ,jesus ,*ri/ 01 x  
is a matt] ( subord9ate mom5t :at is    
?\ght ab\t ! mode 9 :i* he became s4    
,by a process ( ,*ri/ian ,eclecticism1  
,mr4 ,greg draws =? f !  ,gospels !     

elem5ts :i* he reg>ds z *>act]i/ic ( !  
religion ( ,jesus2 di/+ui%+ ^? :i* make 
x ! pure/ (  fai?s f o!rs :i* appe> to  
him irreconcilable ) a j  philosophy4 ,!
 doctr9e ( a future life is res]v$ = a  
sep>ate  discussion2 ! g5]al result (   
:i* we "k n h[ to describe1  o!rwise ?an
 by say+ t ! au?or disc>ds all ! evid5ce
 &  yet reta9s ! conclusion4 ,all !     
argum5ts1 metaphysical & moral1  = human
 immortality1 he condemns z absolutely  
wor?less2 he  confesses t he has no new 
ones to propose2 he affirms t all       
appe>ances1 )\t exception1 proclaim !   
p]man5ce ( dea?1 !  abs5ce ( any        
spiritual ess5ce 9 man1 & ! absolute    
sway ( !  laws ( organization2 yet1 on !
 report ( t v s\l )9  him1 ^: exi/5ce   
nature dis[ns1 he holds ! doctr9e ( a   
future  exi/5ce by ! irresi/ible t5ure (
 a fir/ tru?4 ,we d n  wond] t ! rigor )
 :i* ,mr4 ,greg has pu%$ 8 pr9ciples    
?r\gh o!r subjects ( ?\ght %\ld rel5t at
 ?is po9t1 &  refuse to ca/ ! sublime/ (
 human hopes ov] ! br9k (  d>kness4 ,we 

respect1 z a holy ab/95ce1 8 refusal to 
sil5ce !  plead+s ( ! inn] voice4 ,b we 
admire 8 fai? m ?an 8  philosophy2 & are
 a/oni%$ t he does n suspect ! s\ndness 
( a sci5tific me?od :i* l&s him 9       
results he _c hold4 ,no  scepticism is s
 fatal1--= none has s wide a sweep1--z t
 :i*  despairs ( ! self-reconciliation (
 human nature2 :i* fl+s  among our      
faculties ! reproa* ( irretrievable     
contradiction2 :i*  sets up fir/ tru?s  
aga9/ d$uctions1 consci5ce aga9/ sci5ce1
  fai? aga9/ logic4 ,ev] s9ce ,kant     
balanc$ 8 ,ant9omies1 &  employ$ !      
gravitation ( ,practical reason to turn 
! irresolute  scales ( ! ,speculative1  
?is un:olesome practice has be5         
spread+1 ( assum+ an ultimate           
discordance betwe5 co-exi/+  p[]s ( !   
m9d4 ,9 ! language ( rhetoric or poetry1
 9 !  discussion ( popul> notions on    
morals & religion1 x w\ld be            
hyp]critical to compla9 ( ! anti!ses (  
und]/&+ &  feel+1--s5se & s\l4 ,b to an 
exact ?9k] x mu/ be app>5t  t an        

ambidextr\s intellect is no intellect at
 all2 & t1 7  ?is all our end[m5t1 !    
life ( ! wise/ w\ld be b a *ase  aft]   
mock+ %ad[s ( ?\ght4 ,! foll[+ words (  
our au?or1  ) all _! tranquil appe>ance1
 describe a /ate ( ?+s :i*1  7 x real1  
might well /rike u ) dismay3--    ,!re  
are ?ree po9ts especially ( religi\s    
belief1 reg>d+  :i* intuition 7or       
in/9ct7 & logic are at v>iance1--!      
efficacy  ( pray]1 man's free-w1 & a    
future exi/5ce4 ,if believ$1 !y  mu/ be 
believ$1 ! la/ )\t ! c\nt5ance1 ! two   
=m] 9  spite ( ! ho/ility ( logic4--p4  
#cjc4    ,?is is absolute ,pyrrhonism1 &
 ?\gh said 9 ! int]e/ (  religion1 is   
subv]sive alike ( k & ( fai?4 ,! pret5d$
  logic c be good = v little1 :i* comes 
out ) s suicidal an  a*ievem5t z !      
dispro( ( fir/ tru?s4 ,! condition "u   
:i*  alone logic c exi/ z a sci5ce is ! 
unity 9 ! human m9d ( !  laws (         
belief1--a condition :i* w\ld be violat$
 if any fir/ tru?  contradict$ ano!r 9  
itself1 or 9 its d$uctions4 ,! mom5t1   

!re=e1 su* a contradiction turns up1 a  
consi/5t ?9k] w  ei!r reg>d x z a m]e   
semblance1 & proce$ to re-exam9e 8      
premises1 & te/ 8 reason+2 or he w treat
 x z real2 & !n  x ?r[s contempt on     
logic altoge!r1 & relegates x into      
impossibility4 ,9 nei!r case c 8        
reliance incl9e to ! logical  side4 ,mr4
 ,greg1 h[ev]1 /icks to 8 logic :5ev]1 z
 9 ! two  cases m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+       
extract1 x l\dly negatives a po9t  (    
religi\s belief2 & ab&ons x only :]e x  
re/ricts itself to  cold & dumb         
disc\ragem5t4 ,a bold] di/ru/ ( 8 logic1
 & a  firm] fai? 9 ! logic ( nature1    
w\ld p]haps h h>moniz$ !  diff]+ voices 
( ! intellect & ! s\l1 bl5d+ !m 9 a fai?
  nei!r afraid to ?9k nor a%am$ to pray4
    ,_h our au?or be5 z famili> ) !     
,ca?olic & ,arm9ian  div9es1 z ) !      
lit]ature ( inductive sci5ce &          
,calv9i/ic  !ology1 he w\ld h kn[n t !re
 is a philosophy f :i*  ! religi\s      
intuitions enc\nt] no repugnance2 &     
w\ld1 at lea/1  h notic$ its (f] (      

m$iation betwe5 ,fai? & ,reason4 ,he is1
  h[ev]1 entirely %ut up )9 ! =mulas ( a
 diff]5t s*ool1  :i* press ) _!         
resi/ance on 8 religi\s feel+ 9 e       
direction1 & produce a conflict :i* he c
 nei!r appease nor  t]m9ate4 ,) an      
intellect entirely ov]ridd5 by ! ideas (
 ,law  & ,necessity1 no man c escape !  
=ce ( ! common objections to  any       
doctr9e ( pray]1 or ( =giv5ess ( s92 &  
if ^? ideas  possess univ]sal validity1 
! v discussion ( su* doctr9es is1  9 !  
la/ degree1 idle & absurd4 ,b :at if "s 
m$ival  s*oolman1 or "s impugn] ( !     
,baconian or?odoxy1 7 to sugge/  t1 ?\gh
 ,law is coext5sive ) outw>d nature1    
,nature is n  coext5sive ) ,god1 & t    
beyond ! range :]e 8 ag5cy is  b\nd by !
 pl$ge ( pr$et]m9$ rules lies an inf9ite
 m>g91  :]e 8 _s is free8 ,& :at if1 9  
aggravation ( 8 h]esy1  he 7 to cont5d t
 ,man also1 z c\nt]p>t ( ,god1 belongs n
  :olly to ! realm ( nature1 b transc5ds
 x by a c]ta9  end[m5t ( free p[] 9 8   
_s8 ,hav+ made ^! assumptions1  on !    

gr\nd t !y 7 m agreeable to intuitive   
feel+1  & n less s to ext]nal evid5ce1  
?an ! "o-sid$ness ( _!  opposites1 might
 he n sugge/ t room is n[ f\nd = a      
doctr9e  ( pray]8 ,n t any ev5t bespok5 
& plant$ 9 ! sph]e (  nature c be turn$ 
aside by ! urg5cy ( desire & devotion2 n
  t ! slighte/ sw]v+ is to be expect$ f 
! usages (  creation1 or ( ! m9d2 :]ev] 
law is e/abli%$--)\t u or  )9 u--!re let
 x be absolute z ! ev]la/+ fai?fulness4 
,b ,god has n sp5t himself :olly 9 !    
c\rses ( cu/om1 &  mortgag$ 8 inf9ite   
res\rces to nature2 nor has he clos$ up 
)  rules e av5ue ?r\gh :i* 8 fre% en]gy 
might f9d entrance  into life2 b has    
left 9 ! human s\l a !atre ^: sc5]y is  
n all pre-arrang$1 & ^: drama is ev] op5
 to new  developm5ts4 ,betwe5 ! free    
c5tre ( ! s\l 9 man1 & ! free  m>g9 ( ! 
activity ( ,god1 :at h9d]s ! exi/5ce ( a
 real  & liv+ communion1 ! int]*ange (  
look & answ]1 ( ?\ght  & c\nt]?\ght8    
,if1 9 response to human aspiration1 a  
high] mood  is infus$ into ! m9d2 if1 9 

consolation ( p5it5ce or sorr[1 a  gleam
 ( g5tle hope /eals 92 & if ^! %\ld be  
!mselves !  vivify+ t\* ( div9e sympa?y 
& pity1 :at law is prejudic$8  :at fai? 
is brok58 :at prov9ce ( nature has any  
title to  compla98 ,& s1 too1 7might our
 m$ival fri5d cont9ue17 )  respect to ! 
doctr9e ( =giv5ess4 ,if m5 are "u moral 
obligation1 & ,god is a be+ ( moral     
p]fection1 he mu/ reg>d  _!             
unfai?fulness ) disapproval4 ,( 8       
s5tim5ts1 ! cle>  trace w be f\nd 9 !   
v>i\s suff]+s :i* con/itute !  natural  
puni%m5t ( wrong4 ,^! are incorporat$ 9 
! v  /ructure ( ! _w & ! con/itution (  
life2 & to  p]si/5ce 9 _! infliction1 ! 
,supreme ,rul] is committ$ by !         
assurance ( 8 con/ancy4 ,!y fa/5 on !   
guilty a *a9 :i* no  p>don w /rike (f1 b
 :i* he w drag till x is worn away4  ,n 
all ! div9e s5tim5t1 h[ev]1 is embodi$ 9
 ! physical  consequ5ces4 ,besides ?is  
det]m9ate expression ( 8 ?\ght1  writt5 
out on ! f9ite _w1 !re is an unexpress$ 
elem5t  rema9+ beh9d1 9 8 inf9ite       

nature3 on ! visible side ( !  veil is !
 sugge/ive manife/ation2 on ! invisible1
 is ! v  affection manife/$4 ,!re is a  
p]sonal ali5ation1 a =feiture (  approa*
 & sympa?y1 :i* w\ld survive ?\gh       
creation 7 to  p]i% & c>ry its puni%m5ts
 away2 & w\ld /ill ca/ its black  %ad[  
into empty space4 ,?is res]v$ s5tim5t1 &
 ?is alone1 is  affect$ by rep5tance4 ,b
 x is no small ?+ = ! he>t (  %ame to "k
 ?is4 ,! e/rangem5t la/s no long] ?an ! 
guilty  temp] & ! uns(t5$ consci5ce2 &  
:51 ?r\gh its sorr[1  ! m9d is cle> &   
pure1 ! sun%9e ( div9e affection w  bur/
 x aga94 ,9 ?is ! free ,_s ( ,god is    
diff]5t f 8  b\nd action 9 nature4 ,long
 aft] he himself has =giv5 &  embrac$   
aga91 necessity--! creature ( 8         
legislation--w  cont9ue to wield ! la%1 
& measure out ) no rel5t+ !  rema9d] ( !
 p5alty incurr$2 & he t yet drags 8     
burd5  & visibly limps ^u 8 s91 may all 
! :ile h a he>t at re/  ) ,god4 ,& ?us  
is retribution--! reap+ z we h s[n--9 no
  contradiction ) =giv5ess1--! p]sonal  

re/oration4    ,h[ f> su* modes ( ?\ght 
z ^! w\ld help to reconcile !  conflict+
 claims1--& h[ !y w\ld /& relat$ to ,mr4
 ,greg's  t]rible fri5d1 ,logic1 we d n 
pret5d to decide4 ,we ref] to  !m only z
 possible means ( escap+--at lea/ (     
po/pon+--8  desolat+ doctr9e1 t         
intuitions may tell lies2 & 9 support ( 
our /atem5t1 t 8 !oretic view lies      
entirely )9 ! circle  ( a p>ticul>      
s*ool1--a s*ool1 moreov]1 s little able 
to satisfy  8 aspirations1 t he is      
oblig$ to pat* up a compromise betwe5  8
 nature & 8 culture4 ,! curi\s          
amalgamation :i* has tak5  place 9      
,engl&1 ( ! metaphysics ( ,calv9 ) !    
physics (  ,bacon1 has produc$1 9 a l>ge
 class1 a philosophical t5d5cy1 )  :i* !
 di/9ctive s5tim5ts ( ,*ri/ianity v     
uneasily  comb9e4 ,! effac+ ( all l9es  
sep>at+ ! natural & moral1  ! limitation
 ( ,god to ! realm ( nature1 & !        
subjugation (  all ?+s to pr$e/9ation1  
are among ! *ief features ( ?is  t5d5cy1
 & ! *ief ob/acles to any concurr5ce    

betwe5 !  intellectual & ! spiritual    
religion ( ! age4    ,if "s ( ! elem5ts 
9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ianity are too ha/ily     
cancell$ by our au?or1 !re is "o s5tim5t
 ^: inapplicability  to ! pres5t day he 
exposes ) an irresi/ible =ce2--t        
depreciat+ e/imate ( life :i*1 h[ev]    
natural to ,apo/les  impress$ ) !       
conviction t ! _w 0 fall+ to pieces1  is
 :olly misplac$ among ^? = ^: (fice & "w
 ?is e>?ly  sc5e is ! appo9t$ place4 ,! 
exhortations ( ! ,apo/les1  grant+ !    
premises1 7 natural & wise4    ,b =     
div9es 9 ?is day--:5 ! pr(ession (      
,*ri/ianity is  att5d$ ) no p]il1 :5 its
 practice1 ev51 dem&s no sacrifice1     
save t pref]5ce ( duty to enjoym5t :i*  
is ! fir/ law (  cultivat$ humanity--to 
repeat ! language1 pr(ess ! feel+s1     
inculcate ! notions1 ( m5 :o liv$ 9     
daily dread ( su* awful  m>tyrdom1 & "u 
! excitem5t ( su* a mighty              
misconception2 to  cry d[n ! _w1 ) its  
pr(\nd beauty1 its ?rill+ int]e/s1  its 
glori\s works1 its noble & holy         

affections2 to exhort _!  he>]s1 ,sunday
 aft] ,sunday1 to deta* _! he>t f !     
e>?ly  life1 z inane1 fleet+1 & unwor?y1
 & fix x ^u heav51 z !  only sph]e      
des]v+ ! love ( ! lov+ or ! m$itation ( 
!  wise1--appe>s to u1 we confess1      
frightful ins9c]ity1 ! enactm5t  ( a    
wick$ & gigantic lie4 ,! exhortation is 
deliv]$ & li/5$  to z a ?+ ( c\rse2 & an
 h\r aft]w>ds ! prea*]1 :o has  ?us     
usurp$ & pr(an$ ! language ( an ,apo/le 
:o wrote ) !  fagot & ! cross full 9    
view1 is sitt+ com=tably ) 8 he>]  ov] 8
 cl>et2 !y are fondl+ _! *ildr51        
discuss+ public  affairs or private     
plans 9 life1 ) passionate int]e/1 & yet
 c  look at ea* o!r )\t a smile or a    
blu% = ! sad &  mean+less f>ce !y h be5 
act+6444 ,ev]y?+ t5ds to prove  t ?is   
life is1 n p]haps1 n probably1 our only 
sph]e1 b /ill  an integral "o1 & ! "o ) 
:i* we are "h meant to be  conc]n$4 ,!  
pres5t is our sc5e ( action1--! future  
is =  speculation & = tru/4 ,we firmly  
believe t man 0 s5t ^u !  e>? to live 9 

x1 to enjoy x1 to /udy x1 to love x1 to 
embelli%  x1--to make ! mo/ ( x1 9 %ort4
 ,x is 8 c\ntry1 on :i* he  %\ld lavi% 8
 affections & 8 ef=ts4 ,sp>tam nactus   
es--hanc  exorna4 ,x %\ld be to him a   
h\se1 n a t5t1--a home1 n only a  s*ool4
 ,if1 :5 ?is h\se & ?is home are tak5 f 
him1  ,provid5ce1 9 its wisdom & its    
b\nty1 provides him ) ano!r1 let  him be
 deeply grateful = ! gift1--let him     
transf] to t future1  :5 x has become 8 
pres5t1 8 ex]tions1 8 rese>*es1 & 8     
love4 ,b let him re/ assur$ t he is s5t 
into ?is _w1 n to  be con/antly hank]+  
aft]1 dream+ (1 prep>+ =1 ano!r1  :i*   
may or may n be 9 /ore = him1 b to d 8  
duty & fulfil  8 de/9y on e>?1--to d all
 t lies 9 8 p[] to improve x1  to r5d] x
 a sc5e ( elevat$ happ9ess to himself1  
to ^? ar\nd  him1 to ^? :o are to come  
aft] him4 ,s w he avoid ^?  torm5t+     
conte/s ) nature1--^? /ruggles to       
suppress affections  :i* ,god has       
implant$1 sanction$1 & end[$ )          
irresi/ible  supremacy1--^? agonies (   

remorse :5 he f9ds t ,god is too  /rong 
= him1--:i* n[ embitt] ! lives ( s _m   
e>ne/ &  s9c]e s\ls2 s w he be/ prep>e =
 t future :i* we hope  =1 if x come2 s w
 he be/ h occupi$ ! pres5t1 if !  pres5t
 be 8 all4 ,to dem& t we love heav5 m   
?an e>?1 t  ! unse5 %\ld hold a high]   
place 9 our affections ?an ! se5  &     
famili>1 is to ask t :i* _c be obta9$   
)\t subdu+  nature1 & induc+ a morbid   
condition ( ! s\l4 ,! v law ( our  be+  
is love ( life1 & all its int]e/s &     
adornm5ts4--pp4 #bga1  #bgb4    ,) all t
 is admirable 9 our au?or's book1 he    
contemplates !  :ole subject f a po9t ( 
view :i* exhibits x 9 v imp]fect        
lights4 ,he pr(esses to treat ( ,! ,cre$
 ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,yet1 9  exam9+ only !    
canonical ,scriptures & ! primitive     
belief1 he  totally ignores ! ,cre$ ( ! 
great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom1  namely1 ( !     
,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,= x is only ,prote/ants
 t  id5tify ,*ri/ianity ) ! lett] ( !   
,new ,te/am5t1 & settle  ev]y?+ by      
appeal to its cont5ts4 ,accord+ to !    

old]  doctr9e1 ,*ri/ianity is n a ,div9e
 ,philosophy record$ 9 c]ta9  books1 b a
 ,div9e ,in/itution committ$ to c]ta9   
m54 ,!  ,*ri/ian ,scriptures are n its  
s\rce1 b its fir/ product2  n its *>t] &
 def9ition1 b its e>lie/ act & !        
expression ( its incipi5t ?\ght4 ,!y    
exhibit ! "y attempts  ( ! new ag5cy1 z 
x 0 gett+ to "w ^u ! m9ds ( m5 &  try+  
to p5etrate ! resi/+ mass ( t]re/rial   
affairs4 ,!y  are ?us b ! beg9n+ ( a    
record :i* is prolong$ ?r\gh all        
subsequ5t times1 ! op5+ page 9 !        
proce$+s ( a ,*ur* 9  p]petuity2 & are n
 sep>at$ f ! cont9u\s sacr$  lit]ature (
 ,*ri/5dom1 z insulat$ fragm5ts ( ,div9e
 au?ority4  ,! sup]natural elem5t :i* !y
 conta9 did n die out ) _!  g5]ation1 b 
has nev] ceas$ to fl[ ?r\gh succe$+     
c5turies4  ,nor did ! heav5ly           
purpose--precipitat$ ^u e>?ly mat]ials &
  m$ia--disclose itself mo/ conspicu\sly
 at fir/2 b r cle>$  itself z x advanc$ 
& enri*$ its en]gy ) bett] in/rum5ts4   
,! sublime/ ?+s w\ld ev5 lie secret$ 9 !

 unconsci\s he>t  ( ! new influ5ce1 &   
only ) ! sl[ness ( noble gr[?s pu%      
t[>ds ! light2 = ! noise & obtrusiv5ess 
( ! human is  ev] apt to ov]:elm !      
retir+ sil5ce ( ! div9e4 ,!  disciples1 
:o1 :5 ev5ts 7 be=e _! eyes1 & great    
words  fell ^u _! e>s1 und]/ood n ^! ?+s
 at ! "t1 are  types ( all m5 & all     
ages2 ^: religion1 com+ out 9 !  ev5t1  
is kn[n to o!rs bett] ?an to !mselves4  
,a fai?1  !re=e1 %\ld be judg$ less by  
its fir/ =m ?an by its la/2  & at all   
ev5ts be /udi$1 n z x once appe>$1 b 9 !
  entire retrospect ( its exi/5ce4      
,no d\bt ?is doctr9e ( developm5t is    
made subs]vi5t1 9 !  ,romi% sy/em1 to   
mon/r\s sac]dotal claims4 ,a prie/ly    
hi]>*y  pret5ds to ! exclusive cu/ody1 &
 ! gradual unfold+1 ( ,god's  sacr$     
gift4 ,b sweep away ?is holy            
corporation2 ?r[ its treasury  op51 &   
let its ve/$ "r1 ( pay+ out ! tru?1 be  
flung into  ! free air ( hi/ory2 ga!r   
toge!r no ,sacr$ ,college b !  collect$ 
ages2 appeal to no high ,pontiff b !    

,provid5ce (  ,god2--& !re rema9s a f>  
ju/] & sublim] view ( ! place  &        
function ( a pure ,gospel 9 ! _w1 ?an ! 
n>r[ ,prote/ant  conception4 ,*ri/ianity
 becomes ?us1 n ! ,cre$ ( its ,f\nd]s1  
b ! ,religion ( ,*ri/5dom1 to be e/imat$
 only 9 comp>ison  ) ! fai?s ( o!r gr\ps
 ( ! great human family2 & !  sup]human 
9 x w consi/ 9 ?is1--! provid5tial      
introduction  among ! affairs ( ?is _w (
 a div9e influ5ce1 :i* %all  gradually  
rea* to untri$ dep?s 9 ! he>ts ( m51 &  
become !  organiz+ c5tre ( a new moral &
 spiritual life4 ,x is a p[]            
appo9t$--an inspiration giv5--to fet* by
 rev]5ce a true religion  out ( man1 &  
n1 by dictation1 to put "o into him4    
,= ?is end1 x w\ld n ev5 be necess>y t !
 be>]s ( !  div9e elem5t %\ld be        
p]sonally initiat$ into ! c\nsels ^:    
m9i/]s !y are4 ,philosophy mu/ "k :at x 
tea*es2 b  ,inspiration1 9 giv+ !       
int5se/ light to o!rs1 may h a  d>k side
 turn$ t[>ds itself4 ,!re is no         
irrev]5ce 9 say+  ?is1 & no novelty3 on 

! contr>y1 ! idea has ev] be5 famili>   
to ! mo/ f]v5t m5 & ages1 ( ,prophets :o
 prep>$ a future  veil$ f _! own eyes1 &
 sa9tly s]vants ( heav51 :o drew  to    
!mselves a tru/1 & wield$ a p[]1 :i* _! 
ev]-upw>d  look nev] p]mitt$ !m to      
guess4 ,nay1 to no "o 0 ?is conception  
less /range1 ?an to ! v man :o1 9 8     
turn1 mu/ n[ h x  appli$ to himself4 ,) 
! ,apo/le ,paul x 0 a favorite notion1  
t ! entire plan ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t _h  
be5 a pr(\nd  secret dur+ ! ages ( its  
progress1 & 0 op5+ into cle>  view only 
at ! h\r ( its cata/rophe4 ,n only 0 !re
 m 9  x ?an _h be5 surmis$1 b some?+    
utt]ly at v>iance )  all expectation4   
,its :ole conception _h rema9$          
unsuspect$ f  fir/ to la/2 undisc]n$ by 
! vision ( se]s1 & unapproa*$ by  !     
guesses ( ! wise4 ,nev] abs5t f ! m9d ( 
,god1 & nev]  paus+ 9 its c\rse (       
execution1 x _h yet evad$ ! notice (    
all obs]v]s2 & w9d+ its way ?r\gh !     
?rong ( nations &  ! labyr9? ( c5turies1
 ! great ,?\ght _h pass$ 9 disguise1    

us+ all m5 & kn[n ( none4 ,nor 0 x only 
! pagan eye t1  = want ( special        
revelation1 _h be5 deta9$ 9 d>kness1 or 
beguil$ ) ! sc5]y ( dreams4 ,! v p ^:   
life 0  ! ma9 *annel ( ! ,div9e purpose 
did n feel ! tide (  t5d5cy :i* !y      
convey$2 ! patri>*s :o f$ _! flocks ne> 
its f\nta9s1 ! lawgiv] :o f\nd$ a /ate  
^u its banks1 !  prie/s ^: temple p\r$  
blood into its wat]s1 & ! prophets at   
^: pray] ! cl\ds ( heav5 dropp$ fre%    
purity into !  /ream1--all 7 unconsci\s 
( its c\rse2 assign+ x to regions  x    
%\ld nev] visit1 & miss+ ! po9t :]e x   
%\ld be lo/  9 ! sea4 ,nay1 ,paul seems 
to br+ d[n ?is edge ( d>kness to a  lat]
 "t2 to include )9 x ev5 ! m9i/ry (     
,*ri/ & !  ,galilean ,apo/les2 to imply 
t ev5 !y 7 unconsci\s  in/rum5ts ( a    
s*eme beyond ! range ( _! imm$iate      
?\ght2  & t n till ,jesus _h pass$ into 
! light ( heav5 did !  "t come =        
reveal+1 ?r\gh ! man ( ,t>sus1 !        
significance  ( ,messiah's e>?ly visit1 
& its place 9 ! great s*eme (  ?+s4     

,paul1 9 claim+ ?is z 8 own special     
function1 c]ta9ly  implies t1 previ\s to
 8 call1 no "o 0 9 condition to         
int]pret ! secret c\nsels ( ,god 9 !    
hi/oric developm5t (  8 provid5ce4 ,he  
feels ?is to be no reflection on 8      
pr$ecessors1  no cause ( elevation 9    
himself2 /ew>d z he is ( a mighty       
my/]y1 he is less ?an ! lea/ ( all      
sa9ts4 ,he simply /&s at  ! crisis :5 a 
conception is p]mitt$ to ! _w1 :i* ev5  
! angels h va9ly desir$ to look into2 & 
?\gh he may see  m1 he is inf9itely less
 ?an ! ,prophets & ! ,messiah ^:  place 
x is giv5 him to expla94 ,he is b !     
int]pret]1 !y are  ! gr& ag5cies        
int]pret$4 ,he is b ! disc]n+ eye1 !y   
are  ! glori\s objects on :i* x is fix$4
    ,9 seek+1 !re=e1 = ! div9e elem5t 9 
old]  disp5sations1 ! ,apo/le w\ld      
assur$ly n consult ! projects  & beliefs
 ( _! f\nd]s & m9i/]s4 ,9 8 view1 ! v   
s*eme ( ,god 0 to "w ?r\gh ^! )\t _!    
kn[+ :at  !y 7 ab\t2 to let !m aim at "o
 ?+ :ile he 0 direct+  !m to ano!r2 to  

p\r ?r\gh _! life & s\l an en]gy :i*    
%\ld inde$ fire _! w & fl[ f _! lips 9  
_! own  be/ purposes1 b /eal quietly    
beh9d !m = 82 s t :at  0 prim>y ) !m 0  
p]haps evanesc5t ) him2 :ile t  :i* 0   
incid5tal1 & dropp$ f !m unaw>es1 0 !   
se$ (  an et]nal good4 ,:at ,moses      
plann$1 :at ,david sung1 :at ,isaiah l$ 
! p to expect1 0 n :at ,heav5 _h at he>t
 to execute4  ,ev5 9 que/ ( ,god's ?\ght
 9 ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 ,paul  does n
 ref] to ! doctr9es1 ! precepts1 !      
miracles ( ,jesus  dur+ 8 m9i/ry 9      
,pale/9e1--to ! memorials ( 8 life1 or  
! te/imony ( 8 companions4 ,he assumes  
t1 at s e>ly a date1  ! "t _h n yet come
 = ! tru? to appe>1 & t x 0  va9 to look
 = x 9 ! preconceptions ( ! uncrucifi$ &
  unexalt$ ,*ri/2 :o 0 ! religion1 n 9  
revelation1 b 9  disguise4 ,if1 !re=e1  
any "o _h argu$ aga9/ ! ,apo/le ?us3    
,:y tell u to disc>d ! law8 y\r ,ma/]   
said he came to fulfil  x4 ,h[ d y      
v5ture to prea* to ! ,g5tiles1 :5 ,jesus
 decl>$  8 mission limit$ to ! lo/ %eep 

( ! h\se ( ,israel8 ,no  ve/iges ( y\r  
doctr9e ( free grace c be f\nd 9 !      
p>ables1  or ( r$eem+ fai? 9 ! ,s]mon on
 ! ,m\nt2--he w\ld h  boldly repli$1 t  
?is proves no?+ aga9/ tru?s t are new]  
?an ! life1 because exp\nd$ by ! dea?1 (
 ,*ri/2 t ,god  reveals by action1 n by 
tea*+2 t no s]vant ( 8 c  und]/& 8 own  
(fice till x is pa/2 & t only ^? :o     
look back ^u x ?r\gh ! int]pretation (  
ev5ts1 c read  aright ! div9e idea :i* x
 enfolds4    ,?is view x 0 t made !     
,apo/le s bold an innovator1 &  fill$ 8 
,epi/les ) a sy/em s diff]5t f t ( !    
synoptical ,gospels z almo/ to con/itute
 a diff]5t religion4 ,he  _h seiz$ !    
pr(\nd & sublime idea t1 :5 m5 are      
inspir$1  ! inspiration occupies1 n _!  
consci\s ?\ght & w1 b  _! unconsci\s    
nature2 lay+ a sil5t beauty on _!       
affections1  secret+ a holy wisdom 9 _! 
life1 &1 ?r\gh ! sorr[s (  fai?fulness1 
tempt+ _! /eps to "s surprise ( glory4  
,t  :i* !y delib]ately ?9k1 t :i* !y    
anxi\sly elaborate1  t :i* !y propose to

 d1 is ev] ! product ( _! human  reason 
& volition1 & _c escape ! admixture (   
p]sonal  fallibility4 ,b _! free        
spontane\s nature speaks unaw>es1 l a   
sweet murmur+ f angels' dreams4 ,:at !y 
?9k )\t kn[+  x1 :at !y say )\t ?9k+ x1 
:at !y d )\t say+ x1  all ! native      
pressures ( _! love & aspiration1 ^! are
 !  hid+-place ( ,god1 :]e9 abid+1 he   
leaves _! simplicity pure  & _! lib]ty  
unt\*$4 ,! curr5t ( _! reason+ & action 
is det]m9$ by human conditions & mat]ial
 resi/ances2 b !  f\nta9 9 ! liv+ rock  
has wat]s t are div9e4 ,if ?is be  true1
 !n mu/ we se>* = ! heav5ly elem5t 9 !  
lat5cies  r ?an ! prom95cies ( _! life2 
9 :at !y 71  r ?an 9 :at !y ?\ght to d2 
9 ! beliefs !y felt  )\t ann\nc+2 9 !   
objects !y accompli%$1 b nev]  plann$4  
,we mu/ wait = _! ag5cy 9 hi/ory1 & f ! 
fruit  return to f9d ! se$4    ,x is n  
peculi> to ,mr4 ,greg t1 9 e/imat+      
,*ri/ianity1 he has  neglect$1 & ev5    
rev]s$1 ?is pr9ciple4 ,all :o h treat$ (
 x  f ! ,prote/ant po9t ( view h done ! 

same4 ,!y h assum$  t ! religion 0 to be
 mo/ cle>ly disc]n$ at its comm5cem5t2  
t ! div9e ?\ght x conta9$ w\ld be1 n    
evolv$1 b obscur$  by "t1 & might be    
bett] detect$ 9 ideal %ape at ! beg9n+ (
  ! ages1 ?an realiz$ at ! end2 t its   
ag5ts & inaugurators  mu/ h be5 fully   
cognizant ( its :ole scope & cont5ts1 & 
set  !m 9 ! op5 gr\nd ( _! spee* &      
practical c>e]4 ,9 !  m9ds ( all        
,prote/ants ! ,*ri/ian religion is      
id5tifi$  exclusively ) ! ideas ( ! fir/
 c5tury1 ) ! cre$ ( !  ,apo/les1 ) !    
tea*+s ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is its 
sole  depository1 9 ^: books !re is no?+
 = :i* x is n  answ]able4 ,! consequ5ce 
is a p]petual /ruggle betwe5 unt5able   
dogma & unpr(itable scepticism4 ,! :ole 
/ructure ( fai? becomes  prec>i\s4 ,if  
,luke & ,mat!w %\ld disagree ab\t a date
 or a  p$igree2 if ,m>k %\ld report a   
que/ionable miracle2 if ,john %\ld  m+le
 ) 8 t5d]ness & dep? "s words (         
passionate  intol]ance2 if ,pet] %\ld   
misapply a psalm1 & ,paul indite mi/ak5 

prophecies2 above all1 if ,jesus %\ld   
appe> to believe 9 demonology1  & n to h
 =ese5 ! futurities ( 8 ,*ur*1--^!      
detect$  specks are felt l a total      
eclipse2 affright$ fai? hides its face  
f !m & %rieks2 & he :o po9ts !m out1    
?\gh only to %[  h[ pure ! orb t spreads
 beh9d1 is d5\nc$ z a prophet ( evil4   
,! peaceful & holy c5tre ( religion is  
%ak5 by /orms ( angry  erudition4 ,dev\t
 +5uity or indev\t acut5ess sp5d        
!mselves 9  vitiat+ ! imp>tial c\rse (  
hi/orical criticism2 nei!r ( !m         
reflect+1 t1 if ! topics 9 dispute are  
op5 to reasonable d\bt1  !y _c be matt] 
( revelation1 & may be calmly look$ at z
  objects ( natural ?\ght4 ,x is a ?+   
alike dang]\s & unbecom+  t religion    
%\ld be n>r[$ to a mis]able lit]>y      
p>tisan%ip1  b\nd up ) a disput$ set (  
critical conclusions1 unable to deliv]  
its title-de$s f a c\rt ( p]petual      
*anc]y1 ^: decisions are  nev] f9al4 ,! 
"t seems to h arriv$ = free+ !          
,prote/ant  ,*ri/ianity f its sup]/iti\s

 adhesion to ! m]e lett] ( !  ,gospel1 &
 tru/+ m g5]\sly to t p]man5t           
inspiration1  ^? ev]-liv+ s\rces ( tru? 
)9 ! s\l1 ( :i* ,gospel &  ,epi/le1 !   
spee*es ( ,apo/les & ! insight ( ,*ri/1 
are !  pre-em95t1 r ?an ! lonely1       
examples4 ,! primitive ,gospel is  n 9  
its =m1 b only 9 its _s1 ! ev]la/+      
,gospel4 ,x is  conc]n$1 &1 if we look  
to quantity alone1 *iefly conc]n$1  )   
que/ions t h ceas$ to exi/1 & int]e/s t 
no long]  agitate4 ,x (t5 reasons f     
pr9ciples we d n own1 & is t+$  ) feel+s
 :i* we _c %>e4 ,(t5 d ! mo/ docile &   
op5  he>ts resort to x ) rev]5t hopes   
:i* x does n realize1 &  close x ) a    
sigh ( self-reproa* or disappo9tm5t4 ,) 
! deep  secrets ( ! consci5ce1 ! sublime
 hopes1 ! t5d] fe>s1 !  inf9ite wond]+s 
( ! religi\s life1 x deals less altoge!r
 ?an  _h be5 desir$2 & 9 t\*+ !m does n 
always glorify &  satisfy ! he>t4 ,we   
are apt to long = "s ne>] reflection1 "s
  m imm$iate help1 ( our exi/5ce 9 ?is  
pres5t h\r & ?is  ,engli% l&1 :]e our   

enemies are n ,ph>isees & ,sadducees1 or
 our  controv]sies ab\t ,beelzebub & 8  
demons2 b :]e we w\ld fa9  "k h[ to tra9
 our *ildr51 to subdue our s9s1 to      
ennoble our lot1  to ?9k truly ( our    
dead4 ,! m]*ant1 ! s*ol>1 ! /atesman1  !
 heads ( a family1 ! own] ( an e/ate1   
occupy a moral sph]e1  ! problems &     
anxieties ( :i*1 x mu/ be own$1         
,evangeli/s &  ,apo/les d n approa*4    
,sc>cely c x be said t g5]al rules are  
giv51 :i* include ^! p>ticul> cases4 ,= 
! ,*ri/ian  ,scriptures are s+ul>ly sp>+
 ( g5]al rules4 ,!y are em95tly         
p]sonal1 national1 local4 ,!y tell u (  
,m>?a & ,m>y1 ( ,nicodemus  & ,na?aniel1
 b give few maxims ( human nature1 or   
l>ge =mulas (  human life3 s t _!       
spiritual guidance fir/ becomes         
available  :5 its ess5ce has be5        
translat$ f ! special to ! univ]sal1  & 
aga9 br\ght d[n f ! univ]sal to ! mod]n 
application4  ,!y are felt to be an     
inadequate measure ( our liv+           
,*ri/ianity1  & to leave unt\*$ _m e>ne/

 ?\ghts t aspire & pray )9  ! m9d4 ,"o  
div9e gift1 inde$1 !y imp>t to u1--!    
graci\s &  holy image ( ,*ri/ himself4  
,yet1 someh[1 ev5 t sacr$ =m  appe>s ) m
 dis5cumb]$ beauty1 & 9 cle>] light1 :5 
reg>d$ at a little di/ance 9 ! pure     
spaces ( our ?\ght1 ?an  :5 se5 close at
 h& on ! hi/oric canvas4 ,x is n t !    
ideal  figure is a subjective fiction ( 
our own1 m p]fect ?an ! real4  ,e       
l9eam5t1 e ge/ure1 all ! simple maje/y1 
all ! deep  expressiv5ess1 we conceive  
to be ju/ifi$ & dem&$ by ! actual       
portraiture3 our lea/ hesitat+ v5]ation 
sees no?+ t is n  !re4 ,b ! orig9al     
arti/s' sympa?y we feel to h be5 some:at
  diff]5t f ours4 ,!y h labor$ to       
exhibit aspects t move u  little2 & only
 fa9tly m>k$ ! traces t to u are mo/    
div9e4  ,! view is (t5 brok51 ! (ficial 
dress turn$ into a disguise4 ,!  local  
gr\ps are 9 ! way2 ! possess$ & ! p]v]se
 obtrude  !mselves 9 front ) too mu*    
noise2 & ! refract+ cl\d (  prophecy &  
tradition is cont9ually ?r[n betwe54 ,s 

t ! image  has a di/9ct] glory to !     
m$itat+ m9d ?an to ! read+ eye4    ,all 
?is1 (t5] p]haps felt ?an confess$1 is  
p]fectly natural  & innoc5t4 ,x betrays 
! in/9ctive analysis by :i* our own     
affections sep>ate ! div9e f ! human4   
,paul 0 "r 9 8  pr9ciple1 t 9 hi/ory !  
div9e elem5t lies hid2 is miss$ at  !   
"t1 ev5 by ^? :o are its vehicle2 & does
 n p>ade  itself 9 :at !y consci\sly    
design1 b lurks 9 :at !y  unconsci\sly  
execute4 ,x comes =? at ! end ( !       
ages1--!  retrospect ( fifty g5]ations  
in/ead ( ! =esight ( "o4 ,?is  doctr9e  
is true ( individuals1 9 proportion z !y
 are great &  good4 ,!y labor at :at is 
mo/ difficult to !m1 & make x _!  end2 b
 _! appo9t$ p[] lies 9 :at is easie/4   
,!y *iefly  prize ! beliefs & ! virtues 
mo/ pa9fully won2 b _!  highe/ tru?     
dwells 9 ! tru/s !y _c help1 & _! pure/ 
influ5ce 9 ! graces !y nev] will$1 or   
knew to be _! own4  ,& x is true 9      
hi/ory2 ,paul himself signally illu/rat+
 ! rule  :i* he _h appli$ to e>li]      

times4 ,he _h f\nd1 z he suppos$1  !    
,provid5ce ( ! ,pa/1 :i* all _h miss$1 f
 ,moses to  ,*ri/2 b 9 8 turn he miss$1 
z we p]ceive1 ! ,provid5ce (  ! ,future1
 f himself to u4 ,! k9d ( ag5cy :i* he  
anticipat$ = ,*ri/ be>s no resemblance  
to t :i* 8 religion  has actually       
ex]cis$4 ,! only fault we c f9d ) ,mr4  
,?om's  admirable exposition is1 t he   
attributes to ! ,apo/le too  di/9ct an  
appreh5sion ( ,*ri/ z an imp]sonation ( 
moral  p]fection2 & supposes ! purpose (
 ! ,paul9e ,*ri/ianity to  h be5 !      
e/abli%m5t1 z sole condition (          
disciple%ip1 (  rev]5tial sympa?y ) !   
type ( "* realiz$ 9 !  ,galilean life ( 
,jesus4 ,he says3--    ,9 contra/ ) su* 
tea*]s 7! ,ritual & ! ,dogmatic71 ,/4   
,paul1 9 our pres5t *apt] 7#a ,cor9?ians
 ii471 ref]s bo? to !  matt] & ! mann] (
 8 own m9i/ration ( ! ,gospel4 ,he  did 
n tea* x z a ,rhetorician1 to attract   
admiration to himself1  & give m lively 
impressions ( ,paul ! ,orator ?an (     
,*ri/ !  ,r$eem] f s91 nor z a          

,philosoph]1 to raise d\btful que/ions  
on metaphysical subjects1 & become !    
lead] ( a speculative  s*ool2 b z !     
,apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 he proclaim$ to 
!  he>ts ( m5 ! practical & life-giv+   
,gospel1 t ',god 0 9  ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! 
_w unto himself'2 t by ! univ]sal       
,savi\r all di/9ctions 7 = ev] de/roy$1 
& ! :ole family  ( ,god to gr[ into !   
common lik5ess ( t well-belov$ ,son1--= 
t n[ nei!r circumcision availe? any?+1  
nor uncircumcision1  b ! r5ewal ( !     
affections aft] ! image ( ! ,"l4 ,:]e   
c\ld an entrance be f\nd = p>ty         
divisions 9 a doctr9e t  pr(ess$ no?+1 t
 aim$ at no?+1 except to awak5 !        
consci\sness ( s9 )9 ! he>t1 &1 ?r\gh   
tru/ 9 ! ,god  ( hol9ess & love reveal$ 
9 ,jesus1 to lead x to rep5tance &      
life8 ,all :o felt ?is love ( ,*ri/     
con/ra9+ !m1 cleans+  _! s\ls by ! div9e
 image t _h tak5 possession ( _!        
affections1 &1 ?r\gh ! m]cy x proclaim$1
 enc\rag+ _!  p5it5ce to look = p>don f 
_! ,god1 mu/1 ( necessity1 be  "o       

communion2 = ?is ,gospel s5tim5t & hope 
c\ld create no  divisions among/ ^? :o  
_h x1--& ^? :o _h x n 7  outside !      
,*ri/ian pale1 &1 s f>1 c\ld make no    
s*isms )9  x4 ,n[1 :5ce comes ?is       
,gospel s5tim5t1 ?is new pr9ciple (     
life8 ,7 !re any :o _h ! exclusive p[] (
 communicat+ x8  ,did x require to be   
introduc$ by any intricate reason+s1 by 
any  subtle dialectics1 :i* only !      
,ma/]s 9 philosophy _h at _!  comm&8 ,n 
s1 says ,/4 ,paul2--x is a spiritual    
feel+1 excit$  by moral sympa?y1 z soon 
z ,*ri/ is (f]$ to ! he>ts t are        
susceptible ( ! s5tim5t2--& 9 :atev]    
bosom !re is n  en\gh ( ! ,_s ( ,god to 
cause t moral attraction to take  place1
 nei!r philosophy nor outw>d =ms1 nor   
aught else b !  div9e image ( goodness  
kept be=e ! he>t1 c awak5 !  slumb]+    
s5sibilities :i* are ! v faculties (    
spiritual  appreh5sion1 & :i*1 z soon z 
!y are alive1 behold 9 ,*ri/  ! solution
 ( _! own /ruggl+ & imp]fect exi/5ce1 _!
  ideal & _! re/4 ,9 reg>d to a s5tim5t 

s spiritual1 a  sympa?y ) ! image (     
,god1 :]e is ! possibility (  introduc+ 
p>ty divisions1 & violat+ ,*ri/ian      
unity8 ,!re c  be b two p>ties1--^? t h 
! s5tim5t1 & ^? t  h x n4 ,all ,*ri/ians
 con/itute ! "o1--& z = ! o!r1  9       
relation to ,*ri/ian unity1 !y are n 9  
"q4 ,su* is !  argum5t ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ?is
 second *apt]4--p4 #cj4    ,x may be q  
true t ! ess5tial p[] ( ,*ri/ianity     
resides  9 ! image1 ev] pres5t to ! he>t
 ( ,*ri/5dom1 ( a ,god  resembl+ ,*ri/1 
& lov+ ^? :o aspire to approa* him ?r\gh
  ! same resemblance4 ,b we _c f9d any  
traces ( su* a  conception 9 ! writ+s ( 
,paul4 ,! fai? on :i* he  exclusively   
insi/$ w\ld be v incorrectly def9$1 we  
conceive1  z a rev]5ce ( ,*ri/'s "* z   
morally l ,god4 ,if we may  judge f !   
negative evid5ce ( 8 lett]s1 he appe>s  
to h  _h no insight into ! int]ior ( 8  
,ma/]'s e>?ly life1 & no  great conc]n  
ab\t x4 ,!re is an entire abs5ce ( any  
moral  picture ( ,jesus1 :o is pres5t$ 9
 ! ,apo/olic writ+s z an  object1 n (   

retrospective v5]ation1 b ( expectant   
reliance2  n ( admir+ tru/ = p]sonal    
qualities realiz$ 9 a pa/  c>e]1 b (    
hope gr\nd$ on 8 (ficial de/9y 9 !      
future4  ,"o beauty ( 8 "* is1 inde$1   
appeal$ to 9 ! ,paul9e  writ+s1 viz4 8  
humility & self-r5unciation2#ed b ev5   
?is  is recogniz$1 n on hi/orical1 b on 
!ocratic gr\nds2 x is  illu/rat$1 n by  
any?+ 9 8 life1 b by ! fact ( 8  dea?1  
conceiv$ z a volunt>y po/ponem5t ( 8    
!ocratic  pr]ogatives1 & an abrogation (
 8 exclusive nationality4 ,he 0 a       
spiritual object to ! ,apo/le ( !       
,g5tiles1 n f p]ception  ( ! inn] m>ks &
 graces ( 8 _s1 b f 8 be+  invisible &  
immortal1 res]v$ 9 heav5 "u ext]nal     
escape f  ! conditions ( e>?ly life4    
,mr4 ,?om's doctr9e is a happy          
developm5t ( mod]n tru? f anci5t error2 
b reg>d$ z a m]e  int]pretation1 x      
p]haps sets d[n to ! ,apo/le's acc\nt a 
j  moral appreciation ( ! pa/1 in/ead ( 
an errone\s conception (  ! ,provid5ce (
 ! future4 ,! religion ( ,*ri/ has      

assur$ly  turn$ out a v diff]5t ph5om5on
 f any?+ t 0  anticipat$ at its orig94  
,x 0 ann\nc$ z a ,k+dom2 z ! k+  did n  
come1 x became a ,republic4 ,x 0        
conceiv$ z a ,/ate2 x  grew up into a   
,fai?4 ,x 0 proclaim$ z ! _w's end2 x   
prov$  to be a fre% beg9n+4 ,x 0 to     
consummate ! ,law & !  ,prophets2 & x   
conf\nd$ bo?4 ,x 0 to cov] ,pagan       
nations )  %ame & de/ruction2 x embalm$ 
_! lit]ature1 & 0  trans=m$ by _!       
philosophy4 ,x 0 to deliv] ov] ! e>? to 
! pure & sev]e ,mono!ism ( ! ,hebrews2  
:i*1 h[ev]1 x s  relax$ z to provoke    
,islam into exi/5ce to proclaim aga9 !  
mon>*y ( ,god4 ,its subjects 7 to be    
ga!r$ f ! ,jews &  half-ca/es ( ! ,ea/]n
 ,synagogue2 & its mo/ signal glories h 
be5 among ! ,teutonic nations1 & ! !n   
unsuspect$ cont95ts  ( ! ,we/4 ,9 e     
elem5t ( its int]nal p[]1 9 e  direction
 ( its ext]nal action1 x has bur/ all ! 
proportions1  left beh9d all !          
expectations1 ) :i* x 0 born2 & h[ c  we
 cont9ue to try x by ! /&>d ( its orig98

 ,are we to say1  t1 hav+ promis$ "o ?+ 
& become ano!r1 x is n ( ,god8  ,t might
 be well1 if x _h fall5 %ort ( its own  
pr(essions1--disappo9t$ u ( dreams x _h 
awak5$ ( glory &  delight4 ,b if x has  
be5 f> bett] ?an its ^w2 if1 in/ead (   
w9d+ up ! _w's affairs1 x has giv5 !m a 
new c>e]2 if  = ,messiah's tame         
mill5nium we h ! gr& & /ruggl+ life (   
,*ri/5dom1 & = 8 clos$ books ( judgm5t !
 yet op5 page (  human hi/ory2 if = !   
e>?ly ?rone & sceptre ( ,*ri/1  sweep+  
away ! treasures ( pa/ civilization1 we 
h 8 heav5ly  image & _s1 presid+ ov] !  
re-bir? ( art1 ! awak5+ (  ?\ght1 !     
direction ( law1 & ! organism ( nations2
 if f  ! dignity ( outw>d sov]eignty he 
has be5 rais$ to t ( ,"l  ( ! liv+      
consci5ce1 n sup]s$+ ! s\l1 b ex]cis+ x 
) sorr[ & aspiration2 !n1 surely1 9 s   
out/ripp+ itself1  ! religion %\ld w9 a 
m exce$+ measure ( tru/ &  affection4   
,_h x only realiz$ its fir/ assurances1 
we %\ld h  ?\ght x div9e2 s9ce x has s  
mu* surpass$ !m1 we mu/ e/eem  x div9]4 

,!re is no reason = ! common assumption 
t a  religion mu/ be pure/ 9 its        
infancy4 ,x is no less surr\nd$ !n1  ?an
 at ea* subsequ5t "t1 ) human           
conditions1 & transmitt$  ?r\gh human   
faculties2 & :5 deliv]$ to ! _w1 embodi$
 9  action or 9 spee*1 necess>ily       
pres5ts itself z a mix$ product (  div9e
 insight & ( human ?\ght1--( ! liv+     
pres5t & !  decay+ pa/2 a fla% ( heav5ly
 fire on ! outspread fuel ^u !  alt> (  
tradition4 ,s x is ) ! ,scriptures ( !  
,new ,te/am5t2  :i* are n ! heav5ly     
s\rce1 b ! fir/ e>?ly result &          
expression ( ,*ri/ianity1 & :i* pres5t !
 p]i%able  conditions z well z !        
inde/ructible life ( ! religion4 ,only  
by  ! c\rse ( "t & ,provid5ce c ^! be   
dis5gag$ f "o  ano!r1 & ! accid5ts (    
place & nation fall away4 ,if !re  dwell
 9 ! mid/ a div9e productive elem5t1 !  
fur!r x passes  f ! mom5t ( its         
nativity1 ! cle>] & m augu/ w x  appe>4 
,x is l ! se$ dropp$ at fir/ on an      
unprep>$ &  unexpectant gr\nd2 :i* 9 its

 e>lie/ developm5t yields b a  /ruggl+ &
 scanty gr[?1 b ea* season1 z ano!r     
g5]ation  ( leaves falls f ! b\ghs1     
becomes ! s\rce1 ?r\gh ri*]  nutrim5t1 (
 full] =ms2 till at l5g?1 :5 x has      
spread !  foliage ( ages1 mak+ its own  
soil1 & deep5+ ! luxuriance (  its own  
roots1 a =e/ 9 all its glory cov]s ! l&1
 & waves 9  magnific5ce ov] cont95ts    
once b>e ( life & beauty4 ,s is x  ) !  
g]m ( div9e tru? ca/ ^u ! inhospitable  
conditions (  hi/ory2 x is small &      
feeble 9 its e>li] day2 b :5 x has      
provid$ ! alim5t ( its own gr[?1 & %$   
its reproductive  treasures on !        
cong5ial m9d ( g5]ations & races1 x />ts
  into ! proportions ( a ,*ri/5dom1 &   
becomes ! %ade &  %elt] ( a _w4    ,mu*1
 !re=e1 z we value all attempts to      
illu/rate ! fir/  records ( ,*ri/ianity1
 & to deta* :at 0 purely human &        
transi5t 9 its orig9al =m1 we ?9k t !   
religion itself  _c ackn[l$ge !         
compet5cy ( su* inve/igations to decide 
^u its claims4 ,f a v]dict on its fir/  

works1 x has a "r  to appeal = judgm5t  
^u ! :ole4 ,x is ! religion1 n (  ,john 
& ,paul alone1 b ( ,*ri/5dom2 )\t a     
comp>ative  e/imate ( ^: moral & social 
g5ius1 x c by no means be  appreciat$4  
,! weakness & inadequacy ( all n>r[]    
me?ods (  def5ce w 9 ! end drive ! cl]gy
 to occupy ?is l>g] basis  ( op]ations4 
,& ! *ange w be n m favorable to ! logic
  ( _! cause ?an to ! *>ity ( _!        
disposition4 ,s long z  ! ,scriptures   
alone are tak5 z ! /&>d1 no m ?an "o    
cre$1 at mo/1 c be reg>d$ z concurr5t ) 
! ,*ri/ian  fai?4 ,b :5 ! entire exi/5ce
 ( ! religion ?r\gh eighte5  c5turies is
 adopt$ z ! measure1 ! v int]e/s (      
advocacy  !mselves require t ! be/      
con/ruction r ?an ! wor/ be  put ^u !   
errors & ecc5tricities ( all *ur*es )9 !
  compass ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,! evid5ces w\ld1
 9 t case1 be  de/roy$ by exclusiv5ess1 
& wid5$ 9 _! f\ndations by              
compreh5siv5ess ( temp]2 & ! firmness ( 
e disciple's  fai? & ! en]gy ( 8 zeal   
w\ld become assurances1 n ( 8           

limitation ( m9d1 b ( 8 l>g5ess ( he>t4 
,in/ead ( endless  divisions1 multipli$ 
9 ! se>* aft] unity1 we might hope to   
see  ! l9es ( sep>ation become ev]      
fa9t]2 & e te/ (  ,*ri/ianity )drawn    
except t ( moral sympa?y ) ! _s  (      
,*ri/2 a te/ :i*1 z ,god alone c apply  
x1 man _c abuse2  & accord+ to :i* _m t1
 9 ! ecclesia/ic roll1 h be5  fir/1 %all
 be la/1 & ! la/ fir/4    ,,footnote3   
#ed ,see ,philippians ii4 #e-aa4        
,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,*ri/5dom4        ,!   
,temporal ,b5efits ( ,*ri/ianity        
exemplifi$ 9 its      ,influ5ce on !    
,social1 ,intellectual1 ,civil1 &       
,political      ,condition ( ,mank9d1 f 
its fir/ ,promulgation to ! pres5t      
,day4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,blakey4 ,london4    
#ahdi4        ,small ,books on ,great   
,subjects4 ,edit$ by a few ,well-,wi%]s 
to      ,k4 ,no4 #ai4 ,on ! ,/ate ( ,man
 subsequ5t to !      ,promulgation (    
,*ri/ianity4 ,london4 #ahea4        ,!  
,connection ( ,morality ) ,religion2 a  
,s]mon1 prea*$ 9      ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4  

,patrick1 at an ,ord9ation held by ! ,"l
      ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl91 ,sunday1      
,septemb] #ba1 #ahea4 ,by ,,william     
,,fitzg]ald1 ,a4,m41 ,vic> ( ,/4 ,ann's1
 & ,pr(essor ( ,moral      ,philosophy 9
 ! ,univ]sity ( ,dubl94 ,london4 #ahea4 
,( ^! works1 ! ?ird treats !oretically1 
! o!rs practically1  ( ! relation (     
,*ri/ianity to human nature4 ,! prea*]  
seeks 9  ! natural consci5ce = ! moral  
gr\nd & receptacle (  revelation2 :ile !
 hi/orians trace its moral op]ation 9   
society  & life4 ,7 bo? tasks p]fectly  
p]=m$1 we %\ld be furni%$  ) a complete 
image ( ! religion at once 9 its idea & 
its  expression2 %\ld be able def9itely 
to comp>e its promise ) its  a*ievem5ts 
& to submit x1 z a :ole1 to             
philosophical  appreciation4 ,b ! two   
halves ( ! subject are exhibit$ ) v     
unequal success4 ,x is mu* easi] to %[ !
 int5d$ ?an ! actual  influ5ce ( !      
,*ri/ian fai? ^u ! "* ( its             
disciples1--to det]m9e by a priori      
me?ods :at x mu/ be1 ?an  by an a       

po/]iori induction to e/imate :at x has 
be51 & is4  ,mr4 ,fitzg]ald1 z becomes a
 pr(essor ( e?ical sci5ce1 has well     
cont5d$ t ! religion :i* he recomm5ds f 
! pulpit is  nei!r indiff]5t nor        
sup]cili\s t[>ds ! morals :i* he tea*es 
f ! ,univ]sity *air1--b assumes _!      
obligation1 appeals to  _! au?ority1 &1 
9 its mode ( reconcil+ ! human w ) !    
,div9e1 raises !m into et]nal           
sanctities4 ,x addresses itself to man  
z a be+ already consci\s (              
responsibility2 & simply proposes to    
re/ore reason & consci5ce to t supremacy
 9 fact :i* (  "r !y c nev] lose4 ,h[ f>
 has ?is aim be5 visibly realiz$8  ,are 
! traces ( a ,div9e r5ovation cle> ^u ! 
face (  ,*ri/5dom8 ,is !re ! diff]5ce   
betwe5 anci5t ,greece & mod]n  ,engl&1  
or betwe5 ! empire & ! papacy ( ,rome1  
:i* might be  expect$ betwe5 an         
unreg5]ate _w & a reg5]ate8 ,! hi/orical
  answ] to ^! que/ions is attempt$ by   
,mr4 ,blakey1 ) p]haps  adequate        
res\rces ( k1 b ) s imp]fect an         

appreh5sion  ( ! requisites ( 8 argum5t1
 t 8 book1 ?\gh (t5  in/ructive 9       
detail1 is altoge!r ineffective z a     
:ole4 ,he is  cont5t to select &        
enum]ate ! mo/ sali5t & favorable po9ts 
9  ! transition f anci5t to mod]n       
civilization1 & to set !m d[n  to !     
cr$it ( ,*ri/ianity2 )\t c>e to dis5gage
 ! action (  concurr5t causes1 or to    
balance ! acc\nt by ref]5ce to m        
que/ionable effects4 ,a mu* f9] analysis
 is ne$$1 9 ord] to draw  f hi/ory its  
real te/imony on ?is great matt]2 & no?+
 c  well be m arbitr>y1 ?an to /roll    
?r\gh "s fifte5 c5turies1  &1 ga!r+ up  
none b ! mo/ picturesque & b5efic5t     
ph5om5a1 weave !m into a glory to cr[n !
 fai? ) :i* !y  co-exi/4 ,9 ,*ri/5dom1  
all ! great & good ?+s t are done at    
all w ( c\rse be done by ,*ri/ians1 & w 
conta9 su* %>e (  ! religi\s elem5t z   
may belong to ! "* ( ! actor or !  age2 
b be=e y c avail y\rself ( !m 9 ,*ri/ian
  ,apologetics1 x mu/ be %[n t1 "u any  
o!r fai?1 no social  causes w\ld h      

rema9$ adequate ei!r to produce !m or to
 provide  any wor?y equival5t4 ,because 
,*>lemagne1 aft] baptiz+ ! ,saxons  9 _!
 own blood1 display$ a bett] zeal by    
e/abli%+ ca!dral  & conv5tual s*ools1   
!re=e to put ! horn-book ( ! lib]al     
arts into ! h& ( 8 religion1 :ile leav+ 
! wet sword to /a9  8 own2 because      
*ivalry bl5d$ 9 its v[ fe> ( ,god ) love
  ( ! ladies1 !re=e to trace all loyalty
 & c\rtesy to !  doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*2     
because ! m$ival s*oolm5 import$ into  e
 sci5ce ! canons ( ,div9ity1 & decid$   
betwe5 ,realism &  ,nom9alism on        
eu*>i/ic pr9ciples1 !re=e to give !     
prie/hood  all ! honors ( mod]n         
philosophy & intellectual lib]ty1--is1  
to  say ! lea/1 v vuln]able logic & v   
sup]ficial hi/ory4 ,( a  f> sup]ior ord]
 is ! little book ,on ! ,/ate ( ,man    
subsequ5t to  ! ,promulgation (         
,*ri/ianity4 ,9 a previ\s treatise1 ,on 
! ,/ate  ( ,man be=e ! ,promulgation (  
,*ri/ianity1 ! au?or _h pass$  "u rapid 
review ! anci5t sy/ems (                

civilization1--/ation>y1  progressive1  
aggressive2 & hav+ seiz$ on _!          
*>act]i/ic  features1 he n[ br+s ) him  
det]m9ate po9ts ( comp>ison into  8     
survey ( ! po/-,apo/olic times4 ,! view 
:i* he spreads  b5ea? y\r eye ( ! _w1 z 
x lay ready to af=d a *annel =  !       
,*ri/ian fai?1 is rem>kable = bread? &  
tru?4 ,conduct+  y1 ) ! wide picture 9  
y\r m9d1 to ! pure head-spr+ 9          
,galilee1 & keep+ close to ! /ream z x  
desc5ds & op5s f  ^! seque/]$ heights1  
he enables y to see1 rea* by rea*1 :]e  
x f]tilizes & :]e x de/roys2 ! new      
fields ( life x ent]s1  ! old l&m>ks (  
habit x ov]:elms4 ,! au?or is n m       
famili> ) ! ,*ri/ian ,apologi/s &       
,fa!rs1 ?an ) ! lat]  ,lat9 & reviv$    
,greek lit]ature f ,trajan to ,aurelian2
 & by  skilfully not+ ! mom5ts :5 ,pagan
 & ,*ri/ian life n only  /ood 9 sil5t   
co-pres5ce1 b came into active contact1 
he br+s out  into cle> relief ! new type
 ( "* :i* =m$ itself )9  ! communities (
 disciples4 ,t type is s /rik+ly        

orig9al1 its  features s conspicu\sly   
express an ord] ( passions & ideas      
/range  alike to ! ,hell5ic & ! ,italian
 races1 z to betray ! creative  action (
 "s va/ moral p[] unborr[$ f ! e/abli%$ 
civilization4 ,:5 ! free ,roman breaks !
 bread ( communion )  slaves1--:5 !     
slipp]y ,syrian =swe>s ly+ & !ft1--:5 ! 
he$less ,greek *anges 8 eag]ness ( !    
mom5t into a liv+ =  et]nity1--:5 a p   
ignorant ( ,/oic maxims display a       
contempt (  torture & dea? sublim] ?an !
 ideal ( ! ,por*1--an influ5ce is       
pla9ly at "w :i* has p5etrat$ to hi!rto 
unawak5$ dep?s (  ! human s\l4 ,!       
ph5om5on is ! m impressive1 :5 reg>d is 
_h to ! mat]ials f :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ian  
communities 7  ga!r$4 ,x _c be imag9$ t 
!y 7 compos$ ( elem5ts  p>ticul>ly      
*oice2 &1 inde$1 amid ! univ]sal        
corruption (  morals & exhau/ion (      
:olesome life1 x is difficult to        
conceive  h[1 if ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e _h  
en=c$ a rigor\s selection1  in/ead (    
indiscrim9ately invit+ innoc5ce & guilt1

 any dec5t  elem5ts c\ld h be5 collect$4
 ,)\t adopt+ ,gibbon's  contemptu\s     
e/imate ( ! body ( primitive believ]s1  
we _c  d\bt t x compris$ v mix$ +r$i5ts2
 we "k t x  conta9$ great numb]s ( !    
s]vile class1 & v few ^: /ation  &      
culture gave !m access to ! high] ideas 
famili> to ! s*ools  ( philosophy3 yet f
 ^! unpromis+ s\rces arose a society1   
:i*1 9 sev]ity ( morals1 9 int5sity (   
affection1 9 h]oism (  endurance1 rev]s$
 ! habits ( ! _w to :i* !y belong$4 ,x  
seems to u an idle "q = sceptical       
criticism to raise1 :e!r  ! religion (  
,*ri/ compris$ 9 its tea*+s any e?ical  
elem5t  absolutely new4 ,if g5ius _h    
conceiv$ x all be=e1 life _h n  produc$ 
x till n[2 & ! m y affirm ! philosoph]s'
  compet5cy to ?9k x1 ! m d y convict !m
 ( inability to  realize x4 ,b 9 morals 
sc>cely c !re be cle> intellectual      
conception ( pr9ciples n yet embodi$ 9  
liv+ "*4 ,z 9 !  highe/ works ( art1 !  
?+ se5 is f> o!r ?an ! ?+  imag9$ &     
describ$2 n doctr9es1 b p]sons1 are "h !

 only  expression ( ! tru?2 & till !y   
appe>1 e?ical =ms are b z  ! human clay 
)\t ! vital fire4 ,9 ! /atem5t ( ?\ght1 
! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 n except+ ! ,scripture
 writ]s1 are rude &  unskill$2 & a ta/e 
=m$ f ! /udy ( ,plato & ,s5eca may be   
(f5d$ by ! ru/icity ( ,m>k1 & !         
abruptness ( ,paul4 ,b  :oev] c rise    
above ! level ( a m]ely intellectual    
critique1 &  embrace1 ) our anonym\s    
au?or1 ! :ole ph5om5on ( ! fir/         
c5turies ( our era1 w see a gl[ (       
self-d5y+ fai?1 & a deep  movem5t (     
consci5ce1 af=d+ manife/ ann\ncem5t ( a 
new edition  ( human nature4    ,t      
edition has n[ be5 extant = _m c5turies2
 & is v>i\sly  legible 9 ! lit]ature1 ! 
in/itutions1 ! private mann]s (         
,*ri/5dom4 ,! ,*ri/ian ideal ( human    
life lies z an op5 book  be=e u2 yet z a
 book s v>i\s 9 its v]sions1 & s ov]laid
  ) comm5ts1 t ! fre% flavor ( its      
language1 & ev5 ! f9]  ess5ce ( its     
?\ght1 are 9 dang] ( be+ lo/4 ,! actual 
,*ri/ianity ( ea* successive age1 & ea* 

contempor>y nation1 is  ! express       
result1 n only 9 its dogma1 b 9 its     
life1 ( two  compon5t t]ms1--a giv5     
matt]1 & a giv5 faculty ( fai?4  ,h[ev] 
full & con/ant ! =m] may be 9 itself1 ! 
latt] is  p]petually v>iable ) ! k &    
passions ( ! "t1 &  ! special g5ius (   
individual lead]s2 nor c ?is v>iation ( 
insight 9 ! m9d fail to neutralize "s   
portion ( tru?1 & to  give              
disproportionate magnitude to o!rs4 ,!  
data suppli$ by  inspiration itself =m  
no exception to ?is rule4 ,deliv]$ into 
!  *>ge ( ! human s\l1 !y fall into !   
m\lds ( its recipi5t  nature1 take _!   
imm$iate =m f ! laws ( its life1 & are  
react$ on f its indep5d5t activity4 ,!  
immutable cu/ody (  any?+ by a f9ite    
?9k+ subject1 involves ! mo/ evid5t     
contradiction2 ! v contact ) human      
intellig5ce r$uces  univ]sal tru? to    
p>tial1 ! p]man5t to ! v>iable1 ! secure
 to  ! cont+5t4 ,x is only 9 ! ess5tial 
,unity ( ,reason &  ,consci5ce 9 e age1 
t we f9d ! means ( correct+ !           

ab]rations & v]ify+ ! insight ( all     
p>ticul> m54 ,n t we  are to conceive ( 
! human race collectively z "o l>ge     
p]son1 (  :i* individual m9ds are vital 
organs1 & :i* has a necess>y  gr[? &    
developm5t1 entitl+ ea* c5tury to boa/ (
 advance  beyond its pr$ecessors4 ,we "k
 ( no spiritual units1 ( no             
p]sonalities1 except ea* s+le & sep>ate 
w2 nor d we f9d  any?+ 9 _! mutual      
relation :i* necess>ily det]m9es !m to  
un9t]rupt$ improvem5t1 & excludes !     
encroa*m5t ( deg5]acy  & falsehood4     
,inde$1 no sorri] product is !re ( human
 conceit &  ignorance ?an ! cant (      
progress1 :i* assumes t e newe/  phase (
 ?\ght is wise/4 ,b if all m5 are end[$ 
) radically  ! same faculties1 h[ev]    
v>i\s 9 _! int5sities &  proportions1   
!re is a c\rt ( appeal 9 p]man5t sitt+1 
:]e !  normal laws ( intellectual &     
moral appreh5sion are adm9i/]$  aga9/   
all prov9cial prejudices & transi5t     
v]dicts ( error4 ,9  ! long run1 !      
heal?y p]ceptions ( good eyes w outvote 

!  discolor+ effects ( all oph?almic    
epidemics1 h[ ob/9ate & wide  soev] !y  
may be4 ,& ! moral vision ( mank9d w no 
less  v9dicate its natural rights1 by   
return+ aga9 & aga9 into cle>           
disc]nm5ts1 & settl$ admirations1 &     
dis*>g+ ! illusory  =ms & false t9ts (  
ea* sep>ate age4 ,to d5y ! e?ical       
compet5cy ( ! m9d = ?is (fice1--to say t
 !re is no p[]  giv5 = decid+ :at1 among
 ! claimants on rev]5ce1 is really      
noble1 true1 & good1--is1 ) all its     
pieti/ic pret5ces1 an act (  ! pr(\nde/ 
scepticism1 wa%+ away1 z a quicks&1 !   
only rock  on :i* any fai? c be built4  
,x is to treat ! durable s\rce (  tru? z
 evanesc5t & unc]ta91 & %ut out !       
possibility ( all  religion4 ,on ! o!r  
h&1 to set up & idolize ! life & ?\ght  
( any "o "t z an unque/ionable rule =   
all times1 & /]eotype  x = unmodifi$    
reproduction1 is to treat ! evanesc5t z 
!  durable1 & build on :atev] /&s above 
! wat]1 he$less :e!r  x be ! quicks& or 
! rock4 ,yet1 /range to say1 ?is        

p>ticul>  sup]/ition1 & t g5]al         
unbelief1--an app>5t anti!sis (         
error1--usually meet 9 ! same m9d1 &    
con/itute toge!r ! *ief  !ology ( mo/   
visible *ur*es4 ,hav+ depos$ & insult$ !
  et]nal sanctities1 !y coax & flatt] ! 
lett] ( ,scripture to  accept ! vacant  
?rone1 & ex*ange ! holy mode/y ( its    
adm9i/ration = a univ]sal empire (      
pret5ce4 ,!y dra9 (f !  spr+s (         
inspiration at _! f\nta9-head1 & turn   
all hi/ory into  a pla9 ( s&1 t !y may  
magnify _! ,hebrew res]voir z !  _w's   
sole supply2 =gett+ t1 :5 cut (f f !    
runn+  wat]s1 ! *oice/ /ore loses its   
fre% virtues1 & ! faire/  lake1 %ut up  
)\t exit1 turns into a ,dead ,sea4 ,9   
contradiction (  bo? errors1 we %all    
assume t transitory elem5ts _c fail to  
mix  !mselves ) ! expression ( ! pure/  
inspiration1--! horizon  ( human        
relations & expressible ?+s ar\nd ev5 ! 
div9e/ s\l  be+ limit$2 & t1 z !        
inspiration tries itself ^u age aft]    
age1 br++ into di/9ct consci\sness n[ "o

 side ( tru? & n[  ano!r1 x becomes m & 
m possible to f9d its ess5ce &  elim9ate
 its accid5ts1 to save its ca?olic      
beauties ap>t f its  sectional          
di/ortions4 ,! ,*ri/ian ideal ( life is 
n to be look$  = 9 :at is special to !  
,crusad] or ! ,quak]1--to ,puritan or   
,cavali]1--to ,platoni/s ( ! second     
c5tury or ,ari/otelians ( !  twelf?1--to
 ,aqu9as or ,lu!r1--to ,john or ,paul2 b
 9 su* s5tim5t  z 0 common to !m all1 & 
atta*$ to !m z citiz5s (  ,*ri/5dom4 ,:5
 ?is elem5t is dis5gag$ f all t encumb]s
 x1  x w be f\nd p]vad+ & animat+ /ill  
:atev] is noble/ 9  our mod]n life2 :ile
 all t is n>r[1 & weak1 & unwor?y 9 !   
moral doctr9e ( our age1 spr+s f a =c$  
attempt to p]petuate  ! accid5tal modes 
( ! ,apo/olic p]iod4    ,e "o is s5sible
 ( a *ange 9 ! :ole climate ( ?\ght &   
feel+1 ! mom5t he crosses any "p ( !    
b\nd>y :i* divides  ,*ri/ian            
civilization f ,hea!ndom2 yet ( no?+ is 
x m  difficult to r5d] any comp5di\s    
acc\nt4 ,x is easy to enum]ate 9  detail

 ! ph5om5a :i* are modifi$ or disappe>2 
j z on  ent]+ a new physical region !   
travell+ naturali/ may regi/]  ! new    
species ( plants & animals1 t1 "o aft]  
ano!r1 pres5t  !mselves to 8 rese>*4 ,b 
^! d n pa9t ! sc5e be=e ev5  ! le>n$    
eye2 !y are ! sep>ate out-com+s ( a     
great  life-?rill1 into ^: curr5t _!    
roots p5etrate2 ! l&scape1 z  a :ole1   
speaks diff]5tly to ! m9d1 & ! :ole     
heav5 & e>?  seem pregnant ) a ?\ght    
unfelt be=e4 ,to read (f t ?\ght1       
requires an appreh5sion ! conv]se ( !   
analytic vision ( sci5ce4  ,! same      
difficulty occurs :5 we endeavor to     
seize ! lat5t  pr9ciple ( a natural     
realm ( hi/ory4 ,su* pr9ciple1 h[ev]1   
!re  mu/ be4 ,b5ea? all ! mov+ tides (  
,*ri/ian ?\ght !re lie  /ill dep?s t    
supply !m all1 & a c5tre ( equilibrium  
ar\nd  :i* !y sweep4 ,we believe t !    
fundam5tal idea ( ,*ri/5dom  may be     
describ$ to be ! asc5t ?r\gh ,consci5ce 
into communion  ) ,god4 ,o!r religions h
 l5t _! sanctions to morality1 &        

ann\nc$ ! ,div9e comm&s to ! human w2 b 
only z ! laws (  an outw>d mon>* )9 ^:  
sov]eignty we lie1 & :o1 rul+ 9  virtue 
( 8 almight9ess1 has a "r to ob$i5ce1   
orda9 z he w4  ,o!r religions1 aga91 h  
aim$ at a union ) ,god4 ,b !  conditions
 ( ?is union1 dictat$ by mislead+       
conceptions ( !  ,div9e nature1 h miss$ 
on e side ! true level ( human dignity  
& peace4 ,mani*ism1 deify+ ! anti!sis ( 
matt]1 takes ! pa?  ( ascetic           
suppression ( ! body4 ,! ,indian        
,pan!i/1 imag9+ !  ,div9e ,abyss z !    
realm ( night & inf9ite negation1 /rives
 to  hold 9 ! brea? & s9k into          
self-annulm5t4 ,plato1 see+ 9 ,god  !   
ess5ce ( ?\ght1 dem&s sci5ce & beauty1 n
 less ?an  goodness1 z ! ne$ful notes ( 
h>mony ) him1 & appo9ts !  approa* to   
heav5 by academic ways4 ,! mod]n        
,quieti/s1 wor%ipp+ a  ,be+ too mu* !   
reflection ( _! own t5d]ness1 h lo/     
!mselves 9 s(t affections1 relax+ to !  
n]ves ( duty1 &  unseemly 9 ! face (    
et]nal law4 ,*ri/ianity alone has nei!r 

cru%$ ! s\l by m]e submission1 l        
,mohamm$anism2 nor melt$ x  away 9 !    
tides ( inf9ite be+1 l ,pan!i/ic fai?s2 
b has  sav$ ! good ( bo?1 by e/abli%+ ! 
union ) ,god ?r\gh a  free act ( !      
individual s\l4 ,assign+ to him a       
transc5d5t moral  nature1 s5sitive to ! 
same di/9ctions1 cons]vative ( ! same   
solemnities1 :i* awe & k9dle u1 x s+les 
out ! consci5ce z  ! field :]e we are to
 meet him1--:]e ! bridge w be f\nd (    
transit betwe5 ! human & ! div9e4 ,no   
fe> or s]vility rema9s  ) an ob$i5ce    
consi/+1 n 9 my/ic acts & artificial    
habits1  b 9 ! free play ( natural      
goodness2 & r5d]$1 n 9 homage to  a     
,supreme ,autocrat1 b 9 sympa?y ) a ,m9d
 itself ! inf9ite  imp]sonation ( all ! 
sanctities4 ,nor are any dizzy & p]il\s 
flights incurr$ by a devotion :i* meets 
its great ,inspir] 9 no  =eign heav51 b 
9 ! high] walks ( ?is home life1 &      
misses  him only 9 :at is mean & l[4 ,! 
place assign$ 9 ,*ri/ianity to  ! moral 
s5tim5ts & affections has no p>allel 9  

any o!r  religion4 ,! :ole fai? is z an 
unutt]able sigh aft] an ideal           
p]fection4 ,hol9ess et]nal 9 heav51     
inc>nate on e>?1 & to be  realiz$ 9     
m51--?is is ! circle ( conceptions 9 :i*
 x moves4  ,its v "n = ! ,inspiration   
:i* m$iates all its "w1 expresses  !    
same ?+4 ,x is n simply an 1--n 1--n    
1--b !  4 ,! ,dmon ( ,socrates--! lea/  
hea!ni% ( hea!n m5--0 b an intellectual 
guide1 & *eck$  8 err+ judgm5t2 ! ,holy 
,_s gu>ds ! vigils ( duty1 &  succors ! 
disciple's tempt$ w4 ,?is pr(\nd s5se ( 
int]ior  amity ) ,god ?r\gh fai?fulness 
to our highe/ possibility1 appe>s  9 !  
,*ri/ian ,scriptures "u two =ms1--!     
positive & !  negative1--ea* ! complem5t
 ( ! o!r4 ,9 ! ,gospel1 ,jesus  himself1
 z befits ! sa9tly m9d lift$ above !    
/rife ( passion1  describes ! aspiration
 aft] goodness z ! native guidance ( !  
s\l to h] s\rce & refuge4 ,9 ! ,epi/les1
 ,paul1 p\r+ =? !  confessions ( a fi]y 
nature1 proclaims ! s5se ( s9 to be !   
contract$ h9d]ance t b>s ! asc5t1 &     

aga9/ :i* ! w+s  ( ! /ruggl+ w beat only
 to gr[ fa9t4 ,^! repres5tations  are   
evid5tly b ! two sides ( ! same doctr9e 
se5 f !  heav5ly & f ! e>?ly position4  
,:e!r we are told :at !  good he>t w    
f9d1 or :at ! guilty mu/ lose1 ! lesson 
equally  recognizes ! ,div9e au?ority ( 
consci5ce4 ,! b5$iction & !  curse are b
 ! bright & ! d>k hemisph]e ( "o p]fect 
tru?4  ,! ,apo/le1 /&+ 9 ! %ad[ ( ! _w's
 night1 & reg>d+  its av]t$ face1 dwells
 on ! gloom ( ali5ation1--! fooli% he>t 
t is d>k5$1--! reprobate m9d f :i* ,god 
is hid4 ,*ri/1  consci\s ( ! holy light1
 & kn[+ h[ x p5etrates ! folds (  will+ 
natures1 & wakes :at else w\ld sleep1   
speaks r ( !  glory t is n d5i$1 & utt]s
 t deepe/ ( bless+s1--,!  pure 9 he>t   
%all see ,god4 ,to ?is bright side also 
! ,paul9e view  9 ! end comes r\nd4 ,=  
?\gh 9 him we miss t recognition ( a    
natural human goodness :i* gives su*    
grace & sweetness to _m (  ! p>ables2   
?\gh 9 8 s*eme ! human w has n only     
betray$  its tru/1 b hopelessly crippl$ 

its p[]s2 yet he does n leave x  9 !    
collapse ( p>alysis1 ) ! h>d say+ t x c 
9 no  wise lift up itself1 b po9ts to a 
hope t b5ds ov] x f above4  ,! s\l t is 
too f> gone to act1 may /ill be capable 
( love2 if  unable to tru/ itself1 x may
 tru/ ano!r2 if x _c comm& its          
volitions1 x may surr5d] its affections2
 c rev]5ce1 c aspire1  c yield its h&1 l
 a *ild1 to an angel ( deliv]ance4      
,beyond !  prec9cts ( ?is _w is an      
,image ( div9e excell5ce &  beauty1--"o 
rec5tly )drawn f human hi/ory1 & soon to
 h a  m augu/ return4 ,x is b to turn ! 
eye & give ! he>t to t  ideal & immortal
 p]fection1 & 9 ! light ( s pure a love1
 !  cl\ds w cle> f ! consci5ce1 & lift  
!mselves z a  nightm>e away2 ! lame w1  
=gett+ its infirmities1 w spr+  up &    
walk2 & ! re/oration1 impossible by     
flight f de=mity  & ill1 w come ?r\gh ! 
attraction ( a ,div9e sanctity &        
goodness4 ,?us does ! ,apo/le snat* !   
disciple at la/ into !  "r p]ceptions   
:i* ,*ri/ assumes to be possible at     

fir/2 & 9  bo? its primitive developm5ts
 ! ,*ri/ian religion implies !          
communion ( man ) ,god ?r\gh purity (   
he>t4    ,to ?is s5tim5t1 convey$ ) liv+
 realization 9 ! p]son (  ,jesus ,*ri/1 
may be ref]r$ :atev] is di/9ctively     
great 9  ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,propos+1 z an 
end )9 _! rea*1 ! asc5t (  ! s\l to a   
div9e life1 & z ! means1 a simple       
surr5d] to its  own highe/ intimations1 
!y h melt$ away ! int]val betwe5  e>?ly 
& heav5ly natures1--n by humaniz+ ,god1 
b by  consecrat+ man4 ,9 treat+ ! l[]   
desires ( s5se & self z !  /eams t      
int]cept1 ! t5d] rev]5ces z ! cle> air t
  transmits1 ! light ( lights1 !y h     
/ruck ! deepe/ tru? (  human            
consci\sness4 ,h5ce ! temp] (           
aspiration1--! e>ne/  ideality1--! s5se 
( inf9ite want1 ) fai? 9 inf9ite        
possibilities1--! sorr[ful unre/ 9 !    
pres5t1 ) irrepressible  /ruggle = a    
bett] future1--:i* are impress$ on !    
poetry1 !  art1 ! social life (         
,*ri/5dom4 ,unlike ! expression ( !     

,hell5ic m9d1 !y are r a pray] = :at    
might be1 ?an a joy 9  :at is4 ,h5ce1   
too1 ! pr$om9ance ( ! psy*ological &    
subjective elem5t 9 ! philosophy ( mod]n
 times1 & ! conv]sion  ( ! anci5t       
metaphysics into ! =m ( m5tal sci5ce4   
,man  w\ld nev] h ceas$ to be m]g$ 9    
nature1 & regi/]$ m]ely z  a "p ( its   
cont5ts2 8 self-k w\ld n h v9dicat$ its 
indep5d5t rights2 8 m9d w\ld n h be5    
recogniz$ z ! c\rt  ( record = ! moral  
legislation ( ! univ]se1--_h n 8        
religion tak5 him deep into himself1 & f
 a new po9t %[n him 8  relation to all  
else2 k9dl+ 8 own consci\sness to a po9t
 (  int5se brilliancy1 9 correspond5ce )
 a div9e c5tre1 :i* mu/  be s\ght on !  
same axis ( be+1--l ! two det]m9+ foci (
  an inf9ite curve1 t f9d ea* o!r out1  
:ile ! realm (  det]m9$ nature lies     
ar\nd1 z ! configur$ area1 or ! b\nd+   
curve4 ,( ! ext]nal _w1 inde$1 too      
little acc\nt has be5 made  9 ! fai? (  
,*ri/ians4 ,!y h n c>$ to recognize x z 
!  %r9e ( imman5t ,deity2--h /ood 9     

uneasy relations to x2 (t5  inimical to 
x2 sometimes try+ to get rid ( x z an   
illusion2  usually reg>d+ x z a =eign   
object1 l a great /atue on !  /age (    
be+1 ) only /ony eyes & e>s = ! real    
play (  passions t :irl ar\nd4 ,exi/5ce1
 9 its ess5ce1 has be5 felt z  an       
int]view betwe5 man & ,god1 at :i* space
 & nature h be5  collat]ally pres5t1 b 9
 :i* x 0 n app>5t :at !y _h to  d4      
,physical sci5ce & ! pla/ic arts may h  
reason to compla9 (  ! depress+ influ5ce
 ( ?is imp]fect view1 & ( ! h>d         
necessity "u :i* x places !m ( pursu+ _!
 ends ) only  scanty & grudg+           
recognition f religion4 ,b1 = !         
philosophic  k ( human nature1 & !      
practical regulation ( human  society1  
?is isolation ( ! s\l )9 its own        
consci\sness1--?is  conc5trat$          
p]sonality1--?is vivid int]*ange ( life 
) ,god  )\t diffusion ?r\gh b5umb+      
m$ia1--mu/ be held em95tly  ennobl+4    
,if1 f ! fundam5tal ,*ri/ian s5tim5t1 we
 desc5d to ! s*eme  ( ,appli$ ,morals   

:i* x organiz$ & inspir$1 ! pr9ciple    
/ill v9dicates itself 9 its results4 ,! 
great problems ( life are  suppli$ f two
 s\rces1--! ,p]sons t may engage our    
affections1 & ! ,pursuits t may invite  
our w4 ,! light 9  :i* ! p]sonal        
relations are pres5t$ be=e ! eye (      
,*ri/5dom is und5iably b5ign & true4 ,x 
has nev] be5 obscur$  )\t ! social      
spread ( inju/ice & discont5t2 nor ev]  
cle>$ aga91 b z ! precursor ( re=mation4
 ,t e human  s\l has its sacr$ conc]ns &
 its div9e communion1 is ! simple/  (   
?\ghts2 b s deep & mov+1 t1 :]e x is    
receiv$ &  ackn[l$g$1 x calls up angelic
 virtues2 :]e x is insult$ &  d5i$1 x   
lets slip av5g+ fi5ds4 ,:]ev] x is      
s9c]ely held1  x secures t rev]5tial    
feel+ t[>ds o!rs1 b5ea? ^:  spell !     
selfi% passions sleep1 & )\t :i* !      
precept (  c\rtesy & ! def9ition (      
rights are an ineffectual =m4 ,p[]      
loses its insol5ce1 & dep5d5ce its /+1  
:]e _! mutual  relation does n c>ry !   
:ole individuality ) x1 b /ops  ) !     

limits ( social & political conv5i5ce1 &
 lies "u  ! re/ra9+ protection ( a      
supreme equality be=e ,god4 ,!          
,frat]nity t is ! (fspr+ ( political    
!ories1 & aims to  neutralize by        
fell[-citiz5%ip ! div]sities &          
antipa?ies (  nature1 is (t5 ! wat*word 
( envy & egotism1 %\t$ by !  voice (    
hatr$1 & ann\nc+ ! de$ ( viol5ce4 ,x is 
= want  ( fai? 9 t highe/ bro!rhood (   
wor%ip & responsibility  :i* ,*ri/ianity
 assumes1 t impati5t s*emes are =m$ =   
artificially equaliz+ ! weak & ! /rong1 
& aboli%+ !  relations ( necess>y       
dep5d5ce4 ,nor1 :]e t fai? is abs5t1  c 
!y ev] be answ]$ s z to satisfy ! feel+ 
f :i*  !y spr+4 ,!y may be %[n to be    
impracticable1 & cru%$ by !  rel5tless  
argum5t ( fact2 b ! fact w be prote/$   
aga9/ z  unnatural1 & ! impossibility w 
seem a cruelty4 ,h[ diff]5tly  is ?is   
topic h&l$ by ! logic ( sci5ce & !      
s5tim5t (  religion6 ,h[ mu* less ju/ly 
does ! =m] draw ! l9e betwe5  natural   
subord9ation among m5 & tyrann\s        

oppression1 ?an !  latt]6 ,ari/otle     
und]takes ! def5ce ( slav]y on gr\nds   
bo? (  philosophy & ( exp]i5ce4 ,nature1
 he cont5ds1 pursu+ a def9ite  end 9 e  
act ( creation1 assigns to "s ?+s1 f _! 
v  orig91 a de/9y to rule1 :ile impos+  
on o!rs a necessity (  be+ rul$4 ,:]ev] 
a plurality ( p>ts concur to =m a g5]al 
:ole1 dom9ant & subord9ate elem5ts      
pres5t !mselves4 ,ev5  )9 ! inanimate   
realm ?is is app>5t1 z 9 ! case ( h>mony
  9 music4 ,b x is *iefly conspicu\s 9 !
 sph]e ( animal  exi/5ce2 ! body be+1 by
 nature1 s]vitor1 ( :i* ! s\l is  "l4 ,9
 ! highe/ /age ( animate be+1 !         
con/itution (  well-organiz$ m51 ?is law
 comes into ! cle>e/ light2 = "h  ! s\l 
sways ! body ) absolute comm&1 :ile     
reason ex]cises  ov] ! passions !       
pr]ogatives ( a royal & con/itutional   
p[]2 & 7 equality to be sub/itut$ = ^!  
modes (  subjection1 mis*ief w\ld ensue 
on all sides4 ,n less evid5tly does     
,nature ann\nce ! dep5d5ce ( inf]ior on 
sup]ior 9 ! rank  allott$ to ! brutes 9 

relation to man2 & aga91 9 ! case (  !  
two sexes1 ( :i* ! male1 z ! m di/+ui%$1
 is  r5d]$ dom9ant4 ,! same necess>y law
 adju/s ! positions (  mank9d int] se4  
,all ^? :o are z intr9sically inf]ior to
  _! neighbors z ! body to ! s\l1 or !  
brute to !  man1--7& ?is is precisely ! 
case ( ! m]e manual  labor]17--are      
slaves by nature2 & = !m1 z = ! body & !
  brutes1 x is bett] to be s]vile ?an to
 be free4 ,any man :o c be  made prop]ty
 ( by ano!r1 & :o is compet5t to und]/& 
a  ma/]'s intellig5ce )\t a spontane\s  
/ock ( 8 own1 is  naturally a slave4    
,su* a "o p]=ms functions 9 ! _w n      
ess5tially di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! dome/ic    
animals2 !  de/9y ( bo? is to contribute
 _! corporeal en]gies to !  s]vice (    
society2 & creatures fit = ?is alone are
 br\ght into  ! slave-m>ket by ,nature  
h]self4 ,consi/5tly ) ?is conception  ( 
! labor] z a liv+ tool 7  71 ,ari/otle  
lays x d[n t ! relation ( ma/] & slave  
admits no rights1  & excludes fri5d%ip4 
,to our mod]n wor%ipp]s ( /r5g?1 ?is  w 

appe> comm5dable doctr9e1 v mu* because 
!y h  !mselves relaps$ into ! old       
,hell5ic way ( /udy+ ! problems  ( !    
univ]se2 desc5d+1 9 ! ,pan!i/ic me?od1 f
 ! :ole  ^u ! p>ts2 fet*+ rules f ! wid]
 sph]e 7!re=e !  l[]7 to import into !  
n>r[]2 ent]+ ! human _w f !             
physical1--!  f ! 2 approa*+ society z a
  specialty sup]9duc$ on a gr\ndwork (  
nomadic b>b>ism2 &  det]m9+ ! functions 
( ! individual z memb] ( ! vital        
organism ( ! /ate4 ,s long z ?is logical
 /rategy is all[$1  ! ,titans w always  
conqu] ! gods2 ! gr\nd-=ces ( !  l[e/   
nature w propagate !mselves1 pulse aft] 
pulse1 f !  abysses to ! skies2 & "r w  
exi/ only on suff]ance f  might4 ,b !re 
is a heav51 aft] all1 :i* ! mo/ tr5*ant 
giant _c /orm1 & :]e ju/ice & sanctity  
res]ve a quiet  ?rone4 ,)\t disput+ !   
inequality ( gifts & consequ5t law  (   
natural ranks1 religion qualifies x by  
an addition :i*  ov]>*es & absorbs x4 ,7
 man only ! *oice/1 mo/  intellig5t1 mo/
 greg>i\s ( ! mammalia1--7 ! !ory ( 8   

affairs a m]e ext5sion ( natural        
hi/ory1--we might reasonably  discuss1 9
 ,ari/otle's way1 ! conditions "u :i* he
 may fitly  be put 9 h>ness4 ,b !re is 9
 him an elem5t t takes him  beyond !    
range ( a ,pl9y or a ,cuvi]1 t lifts him
 out ( !  k+dom ( nature & gives him    
k9dr$ ) ! pret]natural &  div9e4 ,he is 
n simply an in/rum5t = a*iev+ a giv5    
fraction  ( a univ]sal end1 b has a     
sacr$ tru/ :i*1 on its own acc\nt1  he  
is emp[]$ & commission$ to dis*>ge4 ,he 
is wat*$ by !  eyes ( inf9ite ,pity &   
,affection1 brac$ = 8 fai?ful "w1       
succor$ 9 8 fi]ce temptations4 ,!       
conditions ( dutiful1 lov+1  noble life 
mu/ be pres]v$ to him4 ,let 8 task1     
inde$1 be suit$  to 8 p[]s2 & if he _c  
rule1 by all means let him s]ve2 b  /ill
 ) a m>g9 & play ( spiritual fre$om     
secure f  encroa*m5t & contempt4 ,^? on 
:om ,heav5 lays ! burd5 (  duty no p[]  
on e>? may /rip ( rights4 ,! consci5ce )
 :i*  ! ,highe/ c commune1 ! _s :i* is n
 too mean = ,8  abode1 c be no object ( 

slight & scorn f m54 ,by law & usage  y 
may h ! disposal ( ano!r's lot & labor2 
b 9 !  reality ( ?+s ! "l ( a prov9ce   
may be less ?an !  conqu]or ( a         
temptation4 ,y may be ,greek1 & he      
b>b>ian2 b 9  ! h]aldry ( ! univ]se1 !  
blood ( ,agamemnon is less noble  ?an ! 
_s ( a sa9t4 ,9 ?us snat*+ ! individual1
 z  be>] ( a holy tru/1 f ! cru% (      
nature & ! _w1  ,*ri/ianity became !    
fir/ human religion1--t absolutely took 
no notice ( race & sex & class4 ,x      
creat$ a new ord] (  inali5able rights1 
nei!r ! h]itage ( bir?1 nor ! fran*ise  
( a /ate1 b inh]5t 9 ! moral            
capabilities ( a man4 ,! free  op5+ (   
sanctity & immortality to e will+ he>t  
c\ld n  fail to ex]cise an int5se       
influ5ce on ! bett] portion ( a  _w1 l !
 decl9+ empire ( ,rome1 sick5$ )        
corruption &  confus$ ) unmanageable    
oppressions4 ,t x did s1 is prov$ by  ! 
:ole t5or ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature2 &
 ! effect is  well describ$ & acc\nt$ = 
by ! writ] ,on ! ,/ate ( ,man  subsequ5t

 to ! ,promulgation ( ,*ri/ianity4    ,!
 mock]y ( ador+ z gods ! lic5ti\s       
tyrants :o _h  occupi$ ! imp]ial ?rone1 
seems to h put an end to ev]y?+  l      
religi\s feel+ among ! nations "u ! sway
 ( ,rome4 ,!  free satire ( ,lucianus   
%[s h[ completely x _h fad$ away1 = x   
introduces ! gods ( ,olympus compla9+ t 
!y 7 />v+ =  lack ( (f]+s2 n altoge!r   
because ,*ri/ian or philosophic         
doctr9es prevail$ widely1 b r on acc\nt 
( ! total  indiff]5ce ( ! p to _! anci5t
 my?ology2 = ev5 if x  ev] _h symboliz$ 
! tru?1 its mean+ 0 n[ =gott52 &1  ev5 s
 f> back z ! "t ( ,cic]o1 _h become     
totally  un9telligible to ! le>n$1 z    
well z to ! multitude4 ,x 0  useless1   
!re=e1 & want$ b a slight impulse f )\t 
to  ov]?r[ x4 ,b to ! philosoph] :o 0 9 
e>ne/ 9 8 pursuit  ( ?is tru?1 buri$ "u 
! rubbi% ( "t1 ! doctr9e (  ,*ri/ af=d$ 
x2 !re he f\nd all t ! ma/] m9ds :om he 
honor$ _h taught & hop$2 b he f\nd x    
simplifi$1 purifi$1  & confirm$ by      
sanctions su* z ,plato _h wi%$ =1 b     

sc>cely  d>$ to expect2--to ! ,roman    
patrician1 if any !re 7 :o /ill  look$  
back ) fond memory to ! pur] morals &   
/]n c\rage (  8 =efa!rs1 ! ,*ri/ian     
simplicity ( mann]s & firm  endurance ( 
torture & dea? 0 ! realization ( :at he 
_h  he>d ( & admir$1 b sc>cely se5 till 
!n2--to ! slave1  sigh+ "u oppression & 
condemn$ to homeless bondage1 !  doctr9e
 ( ! ,gospel gave all t 0 valuable 9    
life2 !  ,*ri/ian slave 0 ! fri5d ( 8   
,*ri/ian ma/]1 p>took ( !  same holy    
fea/1 %>$ ! same pa9ful b glori\s       
m>tyrdom2 he  0 rais$ at once to all 8  
intellectual rank1 f\nd fre$om beyond  !
 grave1 & liv$ already 9 a happy        
immortality2--to ! woman1  degrad$ 9 h] 
own eyes no less ?an 9 ^? ( ! tyrant to 
^:  lu/s %e 0 ! slave1 x (f]$ a         
re/oration to all t is mo/  de> to !    
human race2 x (f]$ intellectual dignity1
 equality  be=e ,god1 purity1 hol9ess4  
,! ,*ri/ian woman c\ld die2 %e c\ld  n1 
!re=e1 unless cons5t+ to x1 be aga9     
enslav$ to ! vile  passions ( m52 be=e  

,god %e 0 free1 & ) ,him %e tru/$ to    
f9d %elt] :5 ! h>d _w left h] none4 ,c  
we wond]1 !n1  t ,*ri/ianity f\nd       
vot>ies :]ev] a m9d exi/$ t sigh$  aft] 
bett] ?+s8 = ! prea*] ( ,naz>e? _h at   
la/  express$ ! ?\ght :i* _h be5 brood+ 
9 ! m9ds ( s _m1  :o _h f\nd !mselves   
unable to give x utt]ance4--p4 #ee4     
,nor 0 x m]ely )9 ! pale ( ! ,*ri/ian   
frat]nity t  relations ( mutual rev]5ce 
& t5d]ness atte/$ ! p[] ( an  ennobl+   
fai?4 ,int5sity ( int]nal comb9ation is 
(t5 balanc$1  9 religi\s bro!rhoods1 by 
vehem5ce ( ext]nal repugnance2 &  7 we  
to accept ! fi]y declamation (          
,t]tullian z fairly  express+ ! _s ( 8  
fell[-believ]s1 we c\ld ill def5d  !m f 
! *>ge ( fi]ce antipa?y to ! p]sons z   
well z !  cre$ ( _! ,pagan neighbors4 ,b
 _m sil5t m]cies appe> :i*  contradict  
?is l\d intol]ance4 ,:5 ! ,decian       
p]secution & its  att5dant tumultu>y    
movem5ts _h fill$ ,alex&ria ) su*       
slaught] z to bre$ pe/il5ce f ! bodies (
 ! dead1 !  ,*ri/ians1 in/ead ( sull5ly 

p]mitt+ ! physical calamity to  av5ge _!
 cause1 assum$ ! duties ( public nurses1
 & p]=m$  ! loa?some tasks f :i* prie/s 
& magi/rates _h fl$4  ,ref]r+ to ?is    
occasion1 ! au?or j cit$ says3--    ,!  
plague made its appe>ance ) trem5d\s    
viol5ce1 &  desolat$ ! city1 s t1 z     
,dionysius1 ! ,*ri/ian bi%op1  writes1  
!re 7 n s _m inhabitants left ( all     
ages1 z  h]et(ore c\ld be numb]$ betwe5 
=ty & sev5ty4 ,9 ?is  em]g5cy ! p]secut$
 ,*ri/ians =got all b _! ,"l's  precept1
 & 7 unwe>i$ 9 _! att5dance on ! sick2  
_m  p]i%+ 9 ! p]=mance ( ?is duty by    
tak+ ! infection4 ',9  ?is way1' says ! 
bi%op1 ) t\*+ simplicity1 '! be/ ( !    
bre?r5 dep>t$ ?is life2 "s m9i/]s1 & "s 
deacons1' !  hea!ns hav+ ab&on$ _!      
fri5ds & relations to ! c>e (  ! v      
p]sons :om !y _h be5 accu/om$ to call   
',m5-hat]s4' ,a  l noble self-devotion 0
 %[n at ,c>?age :5 ! pe/il5ce  :i* _h   
desolat$ ,alex&ria made its appe>ance 9 
t city1 &1  ,i quote ! words ( a        
contempor>y1 ',all fl$ 9 horror f !     

contagion1 ab&on+ _! relations & fri5ds 
z if !y ?\ght  t by avoid+ ! plague any 
"o might also exclude dea?  altoge!r4   
,mean:ile ! city 0 /rew$ ) ! bodies1 or 
r  c>casses ( ! dead1 :i* seem$ to call 
= pity f !  pass]s-by1 :o might !mselves
 s soon %>e ! same fate2 b no  "o c>$ = 
any?+ b mis]able pelf2 no "o trembl$ at 
!  consid]ation ( :at might s soon      
befall him 9 8 turn2 no "o did  = ano!r 
:at he w\ld h wi%$ o!rs to d = him4 ,!  
bi%op  h]eupon call$ toge!r 8 flock1 &  
sett+ be=e !m !  example & tea*+ ( _!   
,"l1 call$ on !m to act up to x4 ,he    
said1 t if !y took c>e only ( _! own p1 
!y did b  :at ! commone/ feel+ w\ld     
dictate2 ! s]vant ( ,*ri/ mu/  d m2 he  
mu/ love 8 enemies1 & pray = 8          
p]secutors2 =  ,god made 8 sun to rise &
 8 ra9 to fall on all alike1 & he :o    
w\ld be ! *ild ( ,god mu/ imitate 8     
,fa!r4' ,! p  respond$ to 8 appeal2 !y  
=m$ !mselves into classes1 &  ^? ^:     
pov]ty prev5t$ !m f do+ m gave _!       
p]sonal  att5dance1 :ile ^? :o _h       

prop]ty aid$ yet fur!r4 ,no "o  quitt$ 8
 po/ b ) 8 life4--p4 #afb4    ,?is      
self-devotion 9 times ( di/ress1        
/rangely contra/+ )  habits & temp]     
app>5tly unsocial1 has too /eadily      
reappe>$ 9  e e>ne/ *ur* n to be accept$
 z a ,*ri/ian *>act]i/ic4  ,dur+ ! fatal
 fam9e & epidemic :i* desolat$ ,antio* 9
 !  ?ird c5tury1 ! ,pagan gov]nor1 :5   
urg$ by ! inhabitants to  make          
au?oritative arrangem5ts = reliev+ !    
suff]+s ( a  p]i%+ populace1 repli$ t ,!
 gods hat$ ! poor2 :ile !  ,*ri/ians1   
prevail+ly poor !mselves1 plung$ into ! 
c5tre (  ! dang]1 & c>ri$ into !        
recesses ( fev] & despair !  quiet      
pres5ce ( help & hope4 ,if disciples h  
?us freely  r5d]$ to ^? )\t s]vices :i* 
,pagans refus$ to "o  ano!r1 x is n     
simply 9 /iff ob$i5ce to a precept (    
love to  _! enemies1 b f a he>t-felt    
s5tim5t ( honor = human  nature &       
consequ5t t5d]ness ( human life4 ,!re 0 
no man :o1  ?\gh he might be a p]secutor
 to-day1 might n be a comrade  to-morr[2

 he _h a s\l susceptible ( consecration2
 & day &  night ! gates ( ! ,*ur* 7     
ready to fly op5 to ! t\* (  p5it5ce2 & 
:e!r he ?r[s (f ! mask ( delusion or n1 
he  mu/ be treat$ z a bro!r 9 disguise4 
,only by ref]5ce to ?is  conception (   
all m5 z possible subjects ( sanctify+  
*ange1 c  ! fact be expla9$1 t ev5 :]e !
 cre$ has op5$ an  inf9ite gulf betwe5  
believ] & unbeliev]1 ! active *>ities  h
 deta9$ 9 l+]+ embrace ! p]sons :om !   
!oretic  fancy has flung into ! ultimate
 horrors4 ,a religion t is sup]ior  to !
 ext]nal di/9ctions ( l9eage & class1 & 
draws its l9es  only by ! invisible     
color+ ( s\ls1 mu/ ev] be a religion op5
  to hope1 & !re=e apt to love4 ,ev5 :]e
 ! sev]e/ doctr9e  ( exclusion has      
prevail$1 ! fundam5tal s5tim5t (        
,*ri/ian  fai? has sav$ ! he>t f ! mo/  
)]+ ( all  passions1--! blight ( scorn4 
,human nature may appe> b5ea? !  eye (  
an au/]e believ] 9 an awful1 b nev] 9 a 
contemptible light4 ,! v crisis 9 :i* x 
is susp5d$ c  belong to no mean exi/5ce4

 ,:at x has lo/ is too great a glory1   
:at x has incurr$ is too deep a t]ror1  
to be conceivable except (  a be+ on a  
gr& scale4 ,he is no worm = :om ! et]nal
 abysses  are built z a dungeon & !     
lightn+s are br&i%$ z a sc\rge4         
,accord+ly1 ! v ali5ations ( intol]ance 
itself h acquir$  a high] & m respectful
 "* ?an 9 anci5t fai?s4 ,!  sort ( feel+
 ) :i* ! ,jew spurn$ ! ,g5tile dog is   
sanction$ by piety no m4 ,! ,ori5tal    
curl ( ! lip is sc>cely  traceable on ! 
features ( ,*ri/5dom2 & is replac$ by an
  expression ( tragic sorr[ & e>ne/ness1
 :]e lights ( admir+  pity fla% ?r\gh ! 
d>ke/ cl\ds4    ,x seems1 !n1 t !       
ess5tial s5tim5t ( all ,*ri/ian fai?--! 
communion ?r\gh consci5ce ) ,god--c>ries
 ) x1 n only noble  p]sonal aspirations1
 b also1 t[>ds o!rs1 affections ( s+ul> 
g5]osity & dep?2 affections :i* dem& = e
 man a position  9 :i* he may "w out !  
moral problem ( life1 :i* dignify e  lot
 :]e ?is is possible1 & :i* s(t5 ev5    
actual ali5ations  ) possible rev]5ce & 

hope4 ,! sph]e ( action :i* ^!  feel+s  
may %ape = !mselves1 ! p>ticul>         
ent]prises !y may  und]take1 ! ext]nal  
pursuits !y may assume1 w necess>ily    
dep5d on _m =eign & accid5tal           
conditions4 ,! "w :i* x  w\ld fall to ! 
h&s ( ! same fai?ful man to d1 if he    
liv$ on  ?r\gh ! *anges ( ! _w1 w\ld    
greatly v>y f age to age4  ,! "w :i*    
contempor>y m51 ( equal & simil>        
fidelity1 w set  !mselves to accompli%1 
w v>y ) _! sev]al positions4 ,!  same   
act1 or ev5 habit1 :i* is innoc5t 7?\gh 
possibly n  innocu\s7 9 "o place1 may   
assume q an alt]$ significance 9  ano!r4
 ,x w\ld be absurd1 = in/ance1 to set   
d[n ! d\ble  m>riages ( patri>*al times 
9 ! same moral rank ) mod]n cases  (    
bigamy4 ,& ! doctr9e ( ,plato's         
,republic respect+ m>riage1  />tl+ z a  
comm5t on ! mann]s ( 8 age1 by no means 
expresses  ! odi\s /ate ( m9d :i* w\ld  
be impli$ 9 its sub/itution n[  = !     
sanctities ( private life4 ,! devotion  
to /udi\s &  peaceful acts :i* may      

usually be ei!r blameless or laudable1  
may  become a guilt l treason 9 an h\r  
:5 ! int]e/s ( public  lib]ty claim e   
citiz5 = ! c\ncil or ! field4 ,inde$1 ! 
conduct 9 su* contra/$ in/ances is 9 no 
prop] s5se ! same2  x has only an       
ext]nal id5tity2 x is a physical        
self-repetition1  ) a moral contr>iety2 
& unless1 9 speak+ ( a human action1  we
 mean to %ut out ! s\l :i* makes x      
human1 & to d5ote only  ! muscul> fl\ri%
 & spasm ( limb1 ! sam5ess is b a       
semblance  ) a reality ( diff]5ce4 ,!   
moral values ( actions1 tak5 9 ?is      
n>r[e/ s5se1 are inevitably v>iable2 &  
any code t %\ld  pres5t a li/ ( !m z    
obligatory 9 p]petuity1 )\t reg>d to  ! 
*anges ( _! mean+ to ! m9d1 w\ld mi/ake 
! v nature  ( human duty4 ,n t we d5y ! 
exi/5ce ( p]man5t gr\nds =  ! adoption (
 "s habits & ! avoidance ( o!rs4 ,!re   
are  reasons1 un*angeable z ! corporeal 
frame ( man1 :y opium %\ld  n be tak5 z 
an article ( food1 & :y c\s9s %\ld n    
int]m>ry4 ,b ! gr\nds ( prohibition 9 ^!

 cases are  rational1 n moral2 !y are   
f\nd 9 ! outw>d effects1 n 9  ! inw>d   
s\rces1 ( conduct2 & only :5 its outw>d 
effects are  kn[n to ! ag5t1 s z to ent]
 among its inw>d s\rces & modify  its   
mean+1 does he pass f unwise to immoral4
 ,ext]nal action1  9 %ort1 /&s z an     
indiff]5t ph5om5on1 betwe5 ! m9d t      
issues x & ! _w into :i* x goes4 ,!     
?\ght & affection  :5ce x spr+s 9 ! =m] 
give its moral1 ! results to :i*  x t5ds
 9 ! latt] its rational value4 ,:oev]   
makes a correct  e/imate ( ! sev]al     
affections & impulses :i* /ir ! w1 &    
?r\gh\t _! scale rev]es ! bett] &       
disapproves ! worse1  possesses moral   
tru?4 ,:oev] p]ceives & computes ! real 
consequ5ces ( volunt>y conduct1         
possesses rational disc]nm5t 9  human   
affairs4 ,! =m]--an int]pretation ( !   
consci5ce & its  sacr$ cont5ts--is !    
p]man5t ess5ce ( e?ical & root (        
religi\s wisdom4 ,! latt]--an           
appreh5sion ( physical laws &  hi/orical
 t5d5cies--is condition$ by ! progress (

 sci5ce & !  facilities = social        
vatic9ation4 ,errors 9 ?is are          
inevitable to  ! limitations ( human    
intellect4 ,p]fection 9 t is possible   
only to ! highe/ div9e insight 9 ! s\l4 
,! fallible judgm5t  respect+ outw>d    
relations affects only ! accid5ts (     
morals1  ?\gh ! ess5ce ( sci5tific tru?4
 ,:]e ! inn] appreh5sion is  deep &     
true1 ! outw>d judgm5t conta9s a        
pr9ciple (  self-correction2 !          
miscalculation ( "o age is *eck$ by t ( 
a  succe$+2 opposite errors cancel ea*  
o!r2 & ! _s ( a pure  fai?1 l a j feel+ 
( beauty & greatness 9 art1 works itself
  cle> ( ! false data ( usage amid :i*  
its inspiration arose1 &  transmigrates 
into ev]-improv+ =ms4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !     
rev]5ce due  to ! inspiration %\ld      
become a traditional affair1 los+ its   
liv+  eye & spiritual tact1 x w ext5d   
itself z a mop+ idolatry to  ! imp]fect 
m$ia & rude mat]ials ?r\gh :i* ! new    
glory fir/  gleam$2 an incapable era (  
r5aissance w appe>2 ! v works  :i* 7    

giv5 z ! spr+ ( ev]-fre% creation w be  
us$ to  /ifle x2 9 s]vile imitation ( an
 orig9al p]iod1 its :ole  "* w be lo/1 &
 ! mom5t ( exacte/ reproduction w be  t 
( int5se/ contra/4    ,?is is precisely 
! way 9 :i* ! spiritual life ( !        
primitive  ,*ri/ians has be5 dealt )4 ,!
 ?\ght & mean+ t lay at its  he>t are   
little appreh5d$2 its appli$ morals1 9  
:i* ^! are  mix$ up ) ! errors incid5t  
to _! po9t ( view1 are di/ort$  into a  
rigid code ( obligation1 9 :i* ! orig9al
 idea is (t5  entirely rev]s$4 ,if x be 
really true t ! ,apo/olic age 0         
impress$ ) ! belief ( a spe$y end ( !   
_w1 su* an outlook  mu/ und5iably h     
affect$ ! disciples' :ole e/imate ( !   
value  ( human pursuits4 ,! plan ( life 
comm5dable 9 a passage-%ip may be       
que/ionable 9 a settl$ home2 & !        
proce$+s ( an army on !  eve ( battle   
are n l ! habits ( ! same p till+ _!    
fields & sitt+ at _! he>?s4 ,to apply to
 a p]man5tly  con/itut$ planet ! rules  
promulgat$ to pres]ve discipl9e amid a  

g5]al break+-up1 is surely an ecc5tric  
k9d ( legislation4 ,yet by  j su* a     
process h mod]n *ur*es d]iv$ a numb] (  
e?ical  extravagances (f5sive to ! eye (
 *a/5$ consci5ce1 &  condemn$ by _!     
impracticability to ! ins9c]e exi/5ce ( 
p]petual talk4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,engli%   
div9es conduct !mselves  t[>ds ?is error
 ( ! fir/ c5tury appe>s to u n simple & 
+5u\s4 ,"s /ill affect to d5y x1 & to   
treat its reit]at$  ass]tion z a m]e    
p]v]s5ess & impud5ce ( h]esy2 yet !y    
leave  ! /atem5t )\t s]i\s refutation1  
?\gh well aw>e t !  weight ( critical   
au?ority is altoge!r 9 its favor1 & ?\gh
  av[+ _! own !ory ( revelation         
absolutely to require t x be  false4    
,o!rs incid5tally & grudg+ly admit x1 & 
!n pass on z  if no?+ _h happ5$2        
imm$iately relaps+ into ! same          
au?oritative appeal to ,scripture1 !    
same direct & me*anical use (  its      
precepts1 ! same assumption ( x z an    
in/rum5t yield+ on  int]pretation no?+ b
 tru?1 :i* _h be5 habitual ) !m  be=e _!

 eyes 7 op5$4 ,n[1 if any?+ be c]ta9 on 
su* a  matt]1 x is t to suppose "o's    
self 9 ! _w's la/ ye>1--!  admission    
paid to ! panorama ( judgm5t & !        
spectacle only  wait+ to beg91--is no   
small & sleepy idea1 :i* might          
ineffectually turn up n[ & !n1 & s9k    
back bel[ ! surface  )\t fur!r trace4 ,a
 man :o c\ld live 9 pres5ce ( su* a     
vision1 & n c>ry its crimson$ light ^u e
 object t fix$  8 eye1 c\ld be no apo/le
 ( tru? or prea*] ( e>ne/ness2 nor d  we
 "k t any?+ m contemptu\s c\ld be said (
 him ?an t1  no d\bt1 he held su* an    
expectation1 b x 0 ( no consequ5ce4 ,to 
conv]t ! au?or ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les into
 a dilettante believ] (  ! patt]n ( !   
n9ete5? c5tury1 & say ( 8 mo/ trem5d\s  
gleams ( ?\ght t !y 7 b transitory      
fireworks :i* meant  no?+1 is no less an
 (f5ce aga9/ 8 "* ?an a  misund]/&+ ( 8 
writ+s2 & we conceive t1 9 affirm+ !    
deep p5etration ( 8 mi/ak5 _w-view into 
! sub/ance ( 8  monitory tea*+1 we %all 
be v9dicat+ ! fundam5tal v]acity &      

noble cle>ness ( 8 s\l4    ,to exhibit !
 ,*ri/ology ( ! ,apo/les ) ! fulness    
necess>y  = trac+ pseudo-,*ri/ian       
morality to its orig91 w\ld require a   
volume4 ,we c only adv]t to "o or two   
po9ts1 indicat+ !  direction :i* su* an 
inquiry w\ld take4 ,x is admitt$ on all 
h&s1 t a second adv5t ( ,*ri/ is ann\nc$
 9 almo/ e book  ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 t1  
if we except ! ,gospel ( ,john1 x is    
spok5 ( inv>iably z a real1 p]sonal     
return1 an objective & sc5ic  ev5t1 to  
be se51 he>d1 & felt2 & _c be expla9$   
away into a  spiritual access to ! _w1  
or a subjective drama 9 ! s\l (         
disciples4 ,x is fur!r admitt$1 t ) ?is 
adv5t are integrally  connect$ _m       
incid5ts :i*1 h[ev] difficult to gr\p   
into a  complete picture1 con/itute1 "u 
e v>iety ( possible  arrangem5t1 a f9al 
consummation ( human affairs4 ,inde$1 ! 
article  9 ! ,cre$ :i* decl>es t ,*ri/  
%all come to judge ! quick  & ! dead1 & 
at 8 com+ all m5 %all rise aga9 ) _!    
bodies & %all give acc\nt = _! own      

works1 %[s h[ ! ,*ur*  und]/&s !        
doctr9e1 & conjo9s ! end ( ! _w ) !     
adv5t4 ,! nature ( ! ev5t be+ s f>      
undisput$1 ! "q  :i* sep>ates ! mass (  
sci5tific int]pret]s f ! popul>         
exp\nd]1 ref]s only to its date4 ,!     
,apo/le ,paul1 x is urg$ by  ! critics1 
writes to 8 ,!ssalonian conv]ts1 9 answ]
 to a  di/ress+ d\bt :i* c\ld h no      
exi/5ce b 9 m9ds on !  wat* = ! return (
 ,*ri/2 & 8 answ]1 f> f *eck+ ?is       
outlook1 rais$ x to su* int5sity t1 to  
soo! _! excitem5t1  he wrote to !m aga9 
to remove ! ev5t f ! imm$iate =egr\nd  (
 _! imag9ation2 yet ev5 !n deta9$ x q )9
 ! limits  ( _! natural lives1 &1 simply
 int]pos+ "o or two signals (  its      
approa* t _h n yet appe>$1 c\nsell$ !m n
 to lose  _! composure1 b ma9ta9 a      
pati5t wait+ = ,*ri/4 ,!  orig9al d\bt  
:i* _h di/urb$ !m seems to h be5 "o     
in/ructively *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly        
!ocratic fai?4 ,"s memb]  ( ! community 
_h di$2 8 fri5ds1 9 addition to _!      
natural  sorr[1 7 app>5tly tak5 by      

surprise1 t1 aft] enrolm5t among  !     
citiz5s ( ! approa*+ k+dom1 he 0 tak5 f 
_! side1  & w\ld n be ) !m :5 !y hail$ !
 arrival ( ,*ri/4 ,:at  w\ld become (   
him8 ,!y ?\ght he w\ld h to rema9 9 8   
sleep  till ,messiah %\ld ex]cise 8     
function ( rais+ ! dead1 :i* 0  n to be 
at fir/2 & s1 dur+ ! great crisis1 & =  
an  unc]ta9 cont9uance beyond1 he w\ld  
l+] beh9d ! privilege :i*  !y enjoy$4   
,?is seems1 at fir/ sight1 a /range     
subject ( di/ress4  ,t ! second adv5t   
%\ld take place 9 ! pres5ce ( ! liv+    
only1 & %\ld leave ! dead )\t "p or lot 
9 ! matt]1 is s  completely at v>iance )
 ! picture :i* has become fix$ 9 !      
common ,*ri/ian imag9ation1 t scruples  
may readily be felt ab\t  attribut+ s   
mutilat$ a conception to ! ,!ssalonian  
*ur*4 ,!  commonly receiv$ picture1     
h[ev]1 is made up ( elem5ts incongru\sly
  br\ght toge!r f sev]al ,scripture     
writ]s1 to :om ! expect$  ev5t pres5t$  
itself "u diff]5t aspects2 & n[h]e c !y 
be  f\nd comb9$ into su* a :ole z !     

ecclesia/ical fai? repres5ts4  ,to      
und]/& & acc\nt = ! ,!ssalonian /ate (  
m9d1 we h  only to read ov] ! #bd? &    
#be? *apt]s ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & to  surr5d] 
ourselves to ! images !re pres5t$1 )\t  
add+  any?+ ( our own4 ,^! *apt]s conta9
 ! fulle/ description (  ! adv5t1 ! la/ 
judgm5t1 & ! end ( ! _w1 t c be  f\nd 9 
,scripture2 yet ! dead are n br\ght ^u !
 sc5e at all1  nor is any resurrection  
f\nd among its elem5ts4 ,! :ole idea is 
evid5tly ( a return ( ! ,son ( ,man1 )9 
! limits ( a  g5]ation1 to take acc\nt1 
9 8 !ocratic capacity1 ( ! v  p]sons :o 
_h kn[n him 9 8 ,galilean humiliation & 
disguise1--(  ^? :o1 hav+ jo9$ him 9 8  
days ( trial1 _h be5 intru/$ by  him ) !
 adm9i/ration 9 ! int]val ( 8 heav5ly   
abs5ce1--& ( ^? :o1 aft] reject+ him    
p]sonally1 _h h>d5$  !mselves no less   
aga9/ ! prea*+ & ov]tures ( 8 subsequ5t 
ambassadors4 ,! nations ga!r$ be=e him  
are furni%$ f !  surviv+ population ( ! 
e>?2 & ! gr\nd ( _! admittance or       
rejection is ! reception !y h giv5 to   

,messiah 9 ! p]sons (  8 mission>ies &  
repres5tatives4 ,9 suppos+ ! dead to h  
lo/  _! *ance ( p>ticipat+ 9 ?is sc5e1 !
 ,!ssalonians did b  pa9t x to !mselves 
z ,*ri/1 accord+ to ! fir/ ,gospel1 _h  
describ$ x to 8 he>]s4 ,_! misgiv+      
pla9ly assumes t !  adv5t 0 sure = !    
liv+ & 0 lo/ = ! dead4 ,! ,apo/le       
answ]s by d5y+ ! di/9ction1 & putt+ bo? 
classes into !  same condition ere !    
great h\r /rikes3 b :at condition8 ,does
 he  say t ! liv+ w die fir/8 ,no2 b t !
 dead w live  fir/3 s t ! dep>t$        
companion w come back at ! "r mom5t  =  
m+l+ ) ! troop ( fri5ds t %all g to meet
 ! ,"l  9 ! air4 ,! same ord] ( ev5ts is
 giv5 9 ! sublime1 b  little und]/ood1  
*apt] on ! resurrection 9 ! ,fir/       
,epi/le to  ! ,cor9?ians1 :]e ! ,apo/le 
places himself1 at ! adv5t1 n  among !  
dead t %all be rais$ incorruptible1 b   
among !  survivors t %all be *ang$ into 
immortals )\t ev] quitt+  life4 ,x is a 
topic ( praise to ! disciples at ,cor9? 
t !y are  wait+ = ! com+ ( ,our ,"l     

,jesus ,*ri/1 :o %all also confirm  y   
unto ! end1 t ye may be blameless 9 !   
day ( our ,"l ,jesus  ,*ri/4 ,he assures
 8 ,philippian fri5ds t ! ,"l is at h&1 
& prays t !y may be s9c]e & )\t (f5ce   
till ! day (  ,*ri/4 ,hav+ come out safe
 f 8 exam9ation & he>+ at ,rome1  he    
av[s 8 p]suasion t he w be simil>ly     
deliv]$ f e  evil "w1 & pres]v$ unto    
,*ri/'s heav5ly k+dom4 ,?\gh amid  8    
toils & we>9ess he e>ne/ly desir$ to be 
end[$ ) 8  immortal frame1--to be       
inve/$1 z he expresses x1 ) 8 h\se f    
above2 yet he 0 unwill+ to put (f !     
corruptible1 till he c\ld  put on !     
incorruptible2 he w\ld h 8 mortality    
swall[$ up (  life2 he did n wi% ! great
 h\r to f9d him nak$1 b clo!d1  n1 t is1
 a disembodi$ _s1 b a liv+ man4 ,he /&s 
at !  era on :i* ! end ( ! _w has come2 
& begs 8  correspond5ts to let c]ta9    
exi/+ disputes lie ov]1 & to judge  no?+
 be=e ! "t until ! ,"l come4 ,n less    
explicit evid5ce  is af=d$ 9 ! writ+s ( 
o!r ,apo/les4 ,james says1 ,! com+  ( ! 

,"l drawe? nigh2 444 behold1 ! ,judge   
/&e? be=e !  door4 ,pet]1 ,! end ( all  
?+s is at h&4 ,john1 ,*ildr51 x is  !   
la/ "t2 & z ye h he>d t ,anti*ri/ %all  
come1 ev5 n[  are !re _m ,anti*ri/s2    
:]eby we "k t x is ! la/ "t4  ,if !     
au?or ( ,*ri/ianity did n himself       
ent]ta9 ! same  expectation ( an e>ly   
return to assume 8 ,messianic           
pr]ogatives1 he  has be5 greatly        
misrepres5t$ by 8 biograph]s4 ,= ?\gh "o
 (  !m repres5ts him z disclaim+ a k ( !
 specific day  & h\r appo9t$ = 8 com+ 9 
! cl\ds ) great p[] &  glory1 !         
disclaim] foll[s imm$iately on 8        
ann\ncem5t1 t at  all ev5ts x w take    
place )9 ! exi/+ g5]ation4 ,does any    
read] d\bt :e!r ?is com+ 9 ! cl\ds      
really describes !  judgm5t8 or :e!r ?is
 g5]ation d5otes ! natural t]m ( human  
life8 ,bo? que/ions are answ]$ at once 9
 ,mat!w's report ( a  s+le s5t5ce1 :i*  
simultane\sly def9es ! ev5t & its date3 
,= ! ,son ( ,man %all come 9 ! glory ( 8
 ,fa!r1 ) 8  angels2 & !n he %all rew>d 

e man accord+ to 8 works4  ,v]ily ,i say
 unto y1 !re be "s /&+ "h :i* %all n    
ta/e ( dea?1 till !y see ! ,son ( ,man  
com+ 9 8 k+dom4 ,x  is c]ta9ly possible 
en\gh t ! disc\rses 9 :i* ^!            
expressions occur may be incorrectly    
report$1 & h acquir$ f  ! writ]'s /ate (
 m9d a def9it5ess n belong+ to ! orig9al
  production4 ,b1 at any rate1 !y reveal
 ! hi/orian's conception (  :at 0 9     
,jesus's ?\ght2 & ! false color+ (      
expectation :i*  !y ?rew ov] 8          
prophecies c\ld n fail to ext5d 9 _!    
reports  to 8 preceptive disc\rses1 &   
?us to h almo/ ! same influ5ce  on !    
record$ ,*ri/ian e?ics1 z if ! error 7 8
 z well z  !irs4    ,! evid5ce on ?is   
po9t is s positive & ov]:elm+1 t        
critics su* z ,ol%aus51 ^: te/imony is  
und\bt$ly reluctant1  no long] ?9k (    
resi/+ x4 ,no?+1 inde$1 c be oppos$ to x
  b a k9d ( int]pretation :i* is !      
opprobrium ( ,engli%  !ology2 & ^:      
problem is1 n simply to ga!r an au?or's 
?\ght f 8 words1 b f among all true     

?\ghts to f9d  ! "o t w sit ! lea/      
uneasily "u 8 words4 ,?us !  end ( all  
?+s is expla9$ away into ! f\nd+ ( !    
,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man  
on ! cl\ds (  heav51 into ! ,jewi% w> "u
 ,titus2 ! la/ judgm5t1 :i*  rew>ds e   
man accord+ to 8 works1 into ! escape ( 
!  ,*ri/ians & ! slaught] ( ! ,jewi%    
zealots at ! de/ruction  ( ,j]usalem4   
,no d\bt1 _m good & well-in/ruct$ m5 h  
p]suad$ !mselves t by su* exegetical    
sleight ( h& !y  c\ld save ,apo/olic &  
o!r infallibility4 ,we c only say1 t  :5
 piety supplies ! motive1 & le>n+ !     
means1 =  bewild]+ v]acity (            
appreh5sion1 two ri* & noble end[m5ts   
are sp5t 9 corrupt+ a nobl]1 :i* is !   
life ( !m bo?4    ,to ! moral s5tim5ts  
:i* %\ld occupy ! s\l1 x may make       
little diff]5ce h[ long ! _w is to la/4 
,b to ! c\rse (  action :i* %\ld engage 
! h&1 x is a matt] ( prim>y  mom5t4 ,all
 human occupations re/ on ! assumption (
 p]man5ce 9  ! con/itution ( ?+s2 nor is
 x less true ( a planet ?an ( a  f>m1 t 

m]e t5ants at w1 unsecur$ by lease & ev5
 s]v$  already ) notice to quit1 w      
und]take no improvem5ts1 & w  suff] !   
culture to decl9e to ! l[e/ po9t4 ,:at  
pr(ession  c\ld rema9 respectable if    
society _h no future8 ,:at int]e/ w\ld  
atta* to ! adm9i/ration ( law1 on behalf
 ( prop]ty :i* 0  n wor? six mon?s'     
pur*ase1 & life :i*1 /ripp$ (           
survivor%ip1 _h lo/ all sacr$ness to !  
affections8 ,:o w\ld sit  d[n to /udy ! 
,ph>macopia on bo>d a s9k+ %ip8 ,:at    
zeal  c\ld be felt by ! /atesman or     
g5]al 9 repell+ f 8  c\ntry an injury t 
c\ld nev] be repeat$1 or remov+ a       
grievance on ! po9t ( sup]natural dea?8 
,! fields w\ld sc>ce  be till$ :i* !    
angels ) flam+ sword might come to reap2
 or  ! v9ey>ds be dress$ 9 sight ( him  
:o treade? ! w9e-press  alone4 ,all !   
crafts ( indu/ry1 all ! adv5tures (     
comm]ce1  are held toge!r by a giv5     
elem5t ( "t2 &1 :5 depriv$ (  ?is1 fall 
away into inanity4 ,no "o w\ld build a  
h\se on ice  melt+ ) hidd5 fires2 or    

freight %ips ov] an ocean :i*  e>?quakes
 7 to dra9 away2 or fabricate silks &   
pat5t-lea!r  = appe>ance at ! la/       
tribunal4 ,& ! loos5$ hold ( ^!         
pursuits ^u human zeal1 s f> f imply+ _!
 ex*ange =  any?+ high] & m spiritual1  
involves ! direct rev]se4 ,!y  _c be    
ab&on$2 ! /]n punctuality ( hung]1 !    
p]emptor9ess ( in/9ctive or habitual    
want1 compel _!  cont9uance2 & ,paul    
himself made sail-clo? = a _w on its la/
  voyage4 ,b !y are kept up only because
 !re is no help = x2  !y s9k into m]e   
bread-trades2 & are ?r[n back _m /ages f
  ! tranquil human t[>ds ! grim cannibal
 level4 ,all "w 9 ?is  _w1 no d\bt1 re/s
 at bottom on ! elem5t>y animal         
requirem5ts  ( our nature2 b x is !n mo/
 wor?ily p]=m$1 n :5 ^!  requirem5ts are
 mo/ obtrusive1 b :5 !y are mo/ )drawn4 
,x  is ! specific moral b5efit :i*      
social organization conf]s ^u  man1 t x 
enables him to retreat f ! con/ant      
pres5ce (  %e] necessity1 & /& at a     
suffici5t di/ance f x to all[  o!r &    

high] feel+s to connect !mselves ) 8    
indu/ry4 ,x  is a l[] ?+ to consult = ! 
natural wants ( primitive  appetite1 ?an
 = ! artificial love ( ord]1 neatness1  
security1  & beauty2 & a craftsman works
 9 a bett] _s :5 e>n+ "s  unnecess>y    
gift = 8 wife or *ild1 ?an :5 toil+ = ! 
bitt] loaf t /aves (f />vation4 ,an art 
prosecut$ )\t  pride 9 its +5uity1 )\t  
intellectual enli/m5t 9 its me?ods  (   
skill1 is degrad$ f an in/rum5t (       
discipl9e into a pr[l+  = food1--f a    
mode ( life into a make%ift aga9/ dea?4 
,to take  away ! future1 !re=e1 f secul>
 pursuits1 is simply to draw  (f f !m   
:atev] r$eems !m f meanness2 to plant !m
 9  gre$y isolation1 z m]e p]sonal      
necessities2 & cut !m (f f  ! great     
human sy/em :i* l5ds to !m a color (    
nobl5ess &  dignity4 ,among ! e>ly      
,*ri/ians ?is t5d5cy 0 greatly *eck$  by
 ! fre% aims & employm5ts :i* _!        
religion creat$2 & 9  devotion to :i* ! 
m en?usia/ic spirits f\nd ample scope = 
_! affections4 ,! ,*ur*1 subsi/+ l an   

intr5*$ camp 9 a  ho/ile l&1 _h to make 
sallies 9 all directions = rescue ( !   
w&]+1 & = captives to ! fai?4 ,an       
aggressive activity (  compassion &     
conviction f\nd tasks = ! en]gies       
dis5gag$ f  secul> pursuits2 & ! new    
relations into :i* _! religi\s          
pr(ession ?rew !m t[>ds ! synagogue1 !  
magi/rate1 ! ,pagan  wor%ipp]1 suppli$  
!m ) cont9ual problems ( consci5ce1     
sev]e1 b :olesome to ! m9d4 ,s peculi>1 
inde$1 0 _!  position1 t1 ev5 if !y _h  
reckon$ on a cont9uance ( human         
affairs1 !y c\ld h>dly1 p]haps1 h m+l$  
mu* ) a _w  t drew !m ) su* sl5d]       
sympa?ies4 ,sep>at$ 9 ideas &           
affections1 !y mu/ 9 any case h creat$ a
 new & deta*$  c5tre ( social life4     
,/ill x is und5iable t _! isolation 0   
favor$ & exagg]at$ by _! fai? 9 an      
approa*+ end ( all  ?+s2 & t !y )drew f 
human int]e/s1 n simply  because        
honorable contact ) !m 0 impossible1 b  
because !y  7 taught entire indiff]5ce  
to !m z elem5ts ( a p]i%+  sy/em4 ,n    

only is no recognition giv5 to ! pursuit
 ( art &  lett]s1 & ! citiz5's duty     
pres5t$ only on ! passive side2  b ev5 !
 relations ( dome/ic life are disc\rag$1
 & ! slave  is dissuad$ f c>e ab\t 8    
lib]ty1 on ! express gr\nd t  x is n    
wor? :ile1 on ! br9k ( a great          
cata/rophe1 to assume  any new position1
 or commit ! he>t by new ties4 ,! "t is 
too  %ort1 ! crisis too ne>1 = ! c>e] ( 
a free life1 or !  build+ ( a human     
home4 ,x is bett] = e "o to cont9ue z he
  is2 & in/ead ( wait+ to h ! _w p]i% f 
him1 to  reg>d himself z already dead to
 ! _w4 ,to /& impassive &  alone1       
neutral to joy or sorr[1 ) s\l int5t on 
! future1 &  dis5gag$ f imp$im5ts ( !   
pa/1 e>ne/ to keep bright on its        
wat*-t[] ! beacon ( fai?1 b resolute to 
desc5d no m into  ! pla9 bel[1 appe>$ to
 ! ,apo/le ,paul ! highe/ wisdom4 ,&  h[
 c\ld x be o!rwise8 ,se5 f 8 po9t (     
view1 all temporal  claims sank into    
negation4 ,! con/itutions1 ! arts1 !    
culture1  ( civiliz$ nations 7 ab\t to  

be sup]s$$2 & ! ,*ri/ians  :o _h already
 retir$ f !m ne$$ no new ones to take _!
  place1 except su* provisional         
arrangem5ts z might s]ve dur+ !  _w's   
brief respite4 ,equally natural &       
suitable to _! conceiv$  position 7 !   
non-resi/ance pr9ciples ( ! e>ly        
disciples4  ,:at "r c\ld be wor? cont5d+
 = on ! dawn ( a great day (  r$ress1 :5
 e wrong w\ld be br\ght to its acc\nt8  
,:o w\ld  c>ry a cause be=e ,dika/ or   
,proconsul to-day1 :5 ,et]nal ,ju/ice  0
 pl$g$ to he> x to-morr[8 ,:o refuse to 
resign to human  co]cion :at a          
retributive ,omnipot5ce w\ld soon       
re/ore8 ,:5 !  great assizes ( ! univ]se
 are ab\t to be op5$1 x 7 a poor  ?+ = !
 suitors to beg9 fight+ 9 ! ve/ibule4 ,9
 all ^!  respects ! practical code ( !  
,apo/olic age 0 inevitably  influ5c$ by 
! mi/ak5 _w-view preval5t 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,= 
!  pla9tiff1 ! h\r 0 fix$ :5 8 suit w\ld
 be call$2 = !  slave1 !                
emancipation-day 0 decl>$2 & f him t    
b\nd  himself 9 he>t to ! pa/1 ! pa/ 0  

ab\t to be snat*$ away4  ,! rules (     
action dictat$ by ^! notions are m]e    
accid5ts (  ! fir/ age1--correct        
d$uctions f a misconceiv$ sy/em (       
ext]nal relations4 ,!y are :olly dep5d5t
 on ?is misconception1  & h no necess>y 
connection ) ! int]ior _s1 !  *>act]i/ic
 s5tim5ts & affections :i* di/+ui%      
,*ri/ianity z a religion4 ,if ! ,apo/les
 _h liv$ on till _!  mi/ake _h worn     
itself out1 & !y _h discov]$ ! p]man5ce 
(  ! _w1--_h !y po/pon$ all writ+ (     
,scripture till ?is  lesson ( exp]i5ce  
_h be5 le>n$1--we appreh5d t _! s*eme  (
 appli$ morals w\ld h be5 v diff]5t2 a m
 g5ial  recognition w\ld h be5 giv5 to  
natural human relations2 !  social facts
 ( prop]ty & gov]nm5t1 ! private conc]ns
 (  education & self-culture1 ! p]sonal 
responsibilities ( g5ius  & intellect1  
w\ld h be5 less slight+ly dismiss$1 &   
r$uc$  to cle> moral ord]2 & ! s5t5ces  
w\ld h be5 greatly  modifi$ :i* n[      
support ! delusions ( ! improvid5t1 !   
ascetic1 ! exclusive1 & ! non-resi/+4   

,unhappily1 ,apo/les d  n live = ev]1 s 
t we are d5i$ t *ance2 & successors  (  
,apo/les1 ?\gh seldom sc>ce1 are n a    
helpful race1 be+  *iefly m>ks ( an     
abs5t inspiration4 ,! task1 !re=e1 (    
apply+ ! ess5tial ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts to a
 p]man5t  _w1--?\gh av[$ly und]tak5 by !
 ,roman ,ca?olic  ,*ur*1--rema9s        
unp]=m$2 & in/ead ( x we h1 9 ! common  
,prote/antism1 a viol5t misapplication  
to human nature & all "t  ( ! accid5ts &
 errors ( ! fir/ age1 result+1 we fe>1 9
 a  c>icature injuri\s alike to t fir/  
age itself1 & to all true  appreh5sion (
 ! nature & proportions ( human duty4   
,expressions ab\nd 9 ! lit]ature ( mod]n
 ,*ri/5dom imply+ an  anti!sis betwe5   
temporal & spiritual ?+s1 betwe5        
morality &  religion1 betwe5 ! _w &     
,god4 ,no "o c fail to obs]ve t  ?is    
anti!sis1 :e!r f\nd$ 9 reality or n1 has
 become a social  fact4 ,!re are two    
/&>ds ( judgm5t extant = ! e/imate (  "*
 & life2 "o set up 9 ! pulpit1 ! o!r    
recogniz$ 9  ! =um & ! /reet4 ,! =m]    

gives ! ord] 9 :i* we  pret5d1 & p]haps 
ineffectually try1 to admire m5 & ?+s2 !
  latt]1 t 9 :i* we d admire !m4 ,"u !  
influ5ce ( ! "o1  ! m]*ant or ! c\ntry  
g5tleman is pr(ess$ly 9 love ) !        
innoc5t improvid5ce ( ! rav5s & !       
lilies2 relaps+ into !  o!r1 he sells   
all 8 cotton 9 expectation ( a fall1 or 
dra9s 8  f>ms = a rise ( r5t4 ,on !     
,sunday1 he applauds x z a sa9tly  ?+ to
 pres5t ! pati5t *eek to ! smit]2 on !  
,monday1 he  li/5s ) rapture to         
,kossu?'s curse ^u ! h\se ( ,hapsburg1 &
  ! ,magy> v[ ( resi/ance to ! dea?4 ,he
 ass5ts :5 ! ,apo/le  ,john is held up  
to 8 v5]ation z ! belov$ disciple1 b1 if
 !  tru? 7 kn[n1 ! ,duke ( ,well+ton is 
r m to 8 m9d4  ,suppos+ x all true t is 
said ab\t ! vanity ( e>?ly pleasures  & 
o/5tations1 he nev]!less lets 8 daught]s
 s5d out next day  invitations to a gr& 
ball1 & makes 8 h\se busy ) dress-mak]s 
& cooks4 ,he is accu/om$ to confess t 9 
him !re is no good  ?+1 & t all 8 ?\ghts
 & works are only evil cont9ually2  yet 

he is pleas$ ) himself t he has provid$ 
= ! family (  8 g>d5] :o 0 kill$ on !   
railway la/ week4 ,9 ^! & a  ?\s& o!r   
=ms may be notic$ ! competition betwe5  
two  coexi/+ & unreconcil$ /&>ds1 !     
relations betwe5 :i* are  altoge!r      
confus$ & uneasy4 ,:oev] is int]e/$ 9   
foll[+ up  ! g5ealogy ( ideas1 & w\ld   
se>* = ! orig9 ( ?is mix$  & mis*iev\s  
/ate ( m9d1 mu/ look fir/ to ! influ5ce 
(  ,lu!r1 & !nce to ! ,paul9e doctr9e1  
:i* he improp]ly  g5]aliz$ & exagg]at$4 
,we w endeavor to trace ! developm5t  ( 
! s5tim5t 9 ! opposite direction1 f !   
anci5t g]m to !  mod]n fruit4    ,paul !
 ,apo/le proclaim$ ,fai? to be !        
condition (  reg5]ation & acceptance4   
,to appreciate ?is message ( 81 we  mu/ 
rememb] two ?+s2--namely1 7#a47 :at x 0 
f :i* m5  7 to be rescu$ on ^! t]ms2    
7#b47 :at o!r conditions _h be5  else:]e
 insi/$ on in/ead ( ?is1 & 7 put aside  
by ,paul 9  favor ( ?is4 ,n[ en\gh has  
be5 said to %[ t :at he fe>$  = ! _w :i*
 he labor$ to conv]t 01 prim>ily1       

exclusion  f ! !ocratic empire :i*      
,messiah w\ld return to erect2 nor is  x
 cle> :at ult]ior consequ5ces1 if any1  
he conceiv$ ?is  exclusion to c>ry ) x4 
,?is bani%m5t 0 ! negative ( t          
salvation to :i* ! disciples 7 call$2 & 
:i* consi/$ 9  _! regi/ration z qualifi$
 citiz5s ( ! k+dom = :i* !  e>? 0 ab\t  
to be claim$4 ,! picture be=e 8 m9d 0 s 
f>  altoge!r ,jewi%2 n at all ! mod]n   
idea ( heav5 &  hell1--spiritual regions
 to :i* individuals1 "o by "o1 pass aft]
  dea? = moral retribution2 b a         
t]re/rial sc5e1 ! w9d+ up  ( hi/ory1    
affect+ m5 9 masses1 & complet+ !       
purpose =  :i* ,god _h creat$ ?is _w4   
,:ile1 h[ev]1 ! ?\ght ( !  ,apo/le's m9d
 0 national1 ! compass ( 8 he>t 0 human2
 &  z ! h\r drew nigh1 he felt t !      
future c\ld n be clos$  ^u ! great      
,g5tile _w2 t 8 own p 7 n s sublime  a  
race z to h ! issues ( ,provid5ce all to
 !mselves2 t he  mu/ get rid ( _!       
conceit$ p$igrees1 & let ! ,div9e plan1 
:i* = a :ile _h n>r[$ its orig9al       

univ]sality )9 !  curr5t ( ,hebrew      
hi/ory1 fl[ out at its end into ! full  
bread?  ( its fir/ scope4 ,b if s1 a new
 qualification mu/ be f\nd2 "o  op5     
alike to ,hebrew & to ali51 yet nurs+ ! 
pride ( nei!r4  ,^! requisites are      
fulfill$ 9 simple ,fai?1 :i*1 z a       
ca?olic  possibility ( e human he>t1    
,paul sub/itutes = prescriptive  rights 
& unt5able m]its4 ,x 0 ! only condition 
:i* !re 0  "t to realize4 ,to insi/     
in/ead on a m]e moral fitness1 on a  "* 
( m9d suitable to meet ! eye ( inf9ite  
purity1 w\ld  be a mock]y 9 a /ate (    
society at once decrepit & corrupt4 ,!  
h\r press$3 x 0 n ! case ( a "y & fre%  
g5]ation1  t might be br\ght back1 by   
he$ful tra9+1 to ! sanctities (  nature 
& consci5ce2 b an old & call\s _w1 t    
c\ld d  little = itself1 _h to be got   
ready 9 hot ha/e4 ,a k9dl$  en?usiasm1 a
 new allegiance1 a resurrection ( sleep+
 rev]5ces1  is ! only hope4 ,once fix ! 
gaze ( fai?1 ! simplicity ( tru/1  on ! 
,div9e ,human ,be+1 :o1 hav+ be5 clad 9 

! sorr[s (  ?is e>?1 waits to br+ 9 its 
ev]la/+ peace2 & ?is  affection alone1  
compreh5d+ 9 x e less] purity1 w s(t5   
ev5 arid natures1 & enri* !m ) =gott5   
f]tility & grace4  ,prea* y\r moral     
gymna/ics to a s*ool ( "y h]oes1 ^: s\l 
is noble & ^: limbs are free2 b at !    
ba?s ( ,bai1 amid  p>alytics t drag !   
foot1 & cripples ) worn-out bodies &    
halt+ wills1 if y _c t\* ! spr+ ( fai?1 
y may sp>e  y\r p$antic rules ( ex]cise4
 ,?us ! ,apo/le's dem& ( fai?  0 a g5]\s
 /imulant ( hope & recov]y to an        
invalid$ _w1  ^: natural =ces 7 brok51 &
 :i* _h b little "t =  re/oration4 ,x 0 
a provision = p\r+ a m\nta9-brea? (     
heal+ rev]5ce ^u ! sickly s\ls & languid
 levels ( ?is  _w4 ,x 0 an attempt to   
meet a quick em]g5cy1 &1 by an  int5se  
action1 cond5se ! p[]s ( prep>ation4 ,x 
0 !re=e  an expression1 n ( ! n>r[ness1 
b ( ! univ]sality ( !  ,gospel4 ,x %[s !
 great he>t ( ! religion bur/+ b\nds1 & 
! /rong h& ( its noble/ s]vant tugg+ at 
! gates to get  !m op51 gr9d+ (f ! ru/ (

 tradition & cru%+ !  scrupul\s gravel (
 ob/ruction4    ,! doctr9e1 h[ev]1      
assumes q a diff]5t significance :5     
snat*$ by ,lu!r out ( its hi/orical     
connection1 & held valid z  a suffici5t 
!ory ( human nature1 & its only         
possibility (  religion4 ,! palsy ( w1 !
 incapacity ( self-cure1 ! hopeless     
moral pro/ration into :i* long          
corruption _h br\ght ! _w1 z  x lay     
b5ea? ! eye ( ,paul1 ,lu!r assumes z !  
normal condition  ( ! s\l1 & treats z a 
cong5ital incompet5cy ( faculty1  in/ead
 ( a contract$ depravity ( /ate4 ,n t he
 dis[ns !  human w z an executive p[]1  
or d5ies x a sph]e ( op]ation4  ,x c g  
=? v>i\sly into action1--c d :at1 9 !   
view (  mank9d1 is bett] or worse1--c   
commit a murd] or c rescue f  x2 b 9 ^! 
outw>d do+s1 h[ev] diff]5tly !y affect  
m51  !re is no real good or evil2 9 !   
supreme view !y are neutral  automatic  
exhibitions1 simply physical z a fla% ( 
lightn+ or a  fall ( ra92 _! real "* all
 lies 9 ! inn] spiritual  spr+s f :i* !y

 issue 9 ! s\l3 on ^! alone is !        
inf9ite gaze fix$2 & ^! are turbid all  
?r\gh1 & all alike1  ) ! ta9t & poison (
 a ru9$ nature4 ,z all natural actions  
d]ive an equal guilt f ! impurity ( _!  
s\rce1 s1 :5 !  s\rce is purifi$1 is !  
guilt equally remov$ f all2 :il/  no?+  
:i* ! unconv]t$ may d c please ,god1    
no?+ t is  p]=m$ 9 fai? c come amiss to 
him4 ,be x :at m5 call crime or  :at !y 
praise z virtue1 x makes no diff]5ce if 
only x be done  9 fai?4 ,furni%$ ) ?is  
sup]natural *>m1 ! believ] may  pass    
?r\gh any mire & come out clean4    ,a  
,*ri/ian _c1 if he w1 lose 8 salvation  
by any multitude  or magnitude ( s9s1   
unless he ceases to believe4 ,= no s9s c
  damn him1 b unbelief alone4 ,ev]y?+   
else1 provid$ 8 fai?  returns or /&s fa/
 9 ! ,div9e promise giv5 9 baptism1 is  
absorb$ 9 a mom5t by t fai?4#ee    ,"h  
is a conception ( fai? altoge!r di/9ct f
 ,paul's4 ,x is  "h no act ( rev]5tial  
en?usiasm & affection1 no k9dr$ movem5t 
( ! s\l t[>ds an object beautiful &     

holy1 b a m]e will+ness  to tru/ a v]bal
 assurance ( atonem5t1--a will+ness1    
moreov]1  itself =eign to ! m9d1 &      
sup]9duc$ z an unnatural /ate by        
special gift4 ,nor is its efficacy to be
 s\ght 9 its trans=m+ p[]  on man1 b 9  
its p]suasiv5ess ) ,god4 ,x does n      
ennoble any?+  t is ! wor%ipp]'s own1 b 
simply hangs on to x ext]nally !        
comp5sat+ sanctity ( ano!r2 x is1 inde$1
 describ$ by ,lu!r z  ! m]e vessel put  
into ! h&s ( ! believ]1 & *>g$ ) !      
treasures ( ,*ri/'s ob$i5ce1--treasures 
s acceptable t !y  *>m away ! f\lness1 &
 prev5t ! rejection1 ( any?+ t          
accompanies !m4 ,?us ! effect ( fai? on 
! disciple is n to  inspire him ) a     
,god-l m9d1 b to prev5t 8 corruptions   
be+  any damage to him4 ,by ?is /range  
!ory1 bo? s9 & sanctity are  made       
entirely imp]sonal to man2 s91 by be+ a 
transmitt$  inability2 sanctity1 by be+ 
a =eign donation2 & 8 individual  "*    
sits 9 ! mid/1 at a po9t ( spiritual    
indiff]5ce1  nei!r *>geable ) ! d>k hue 

native to its complexion1 nor  e!realiz$
 by ! veil ( borr[$ light :i* x we>s z a
 robe4 ,no  room is f\nd1 ei!r 9 ! *ild 
( ,adam1 or 9 ! r$eem$ (  ,*ri/1 = any  
responsibility1 any p]sonal guilt or    
goodness  :atsoev]4 ,! mis]y & de=mity 9
 :i* ! ,gospel f9ds him is  un-moral1--!
 m]e scr(ula ( inh]itance2 ! r$emption  
into :i*  x lifts him is un-moral1--!   
m]e usufruct ( an ali5 purity3 &  ?us ! 
:ole bus9ess ( religion beg9s & ends )\t
  approa*+1 & )\t improv+1 any law (    
consci5ce at all2  morality rema9s      
absolutely cut (f f its contact1        
unaffect$ by x  except 9 be+ dis[n$ &   
degrad$1 & los+ ! pre/ige ( a  ,div9e   
au?ority4 ,?is consequ5ce ( 8 doctr9e is
 n 9 ! lea/  disguis$ by ,lu!r1 ^:      
impetu\s audacity nev] tires ( =g+      
phrases ( opposite /amp1 by :i* he may  
put ! br& ( insult ^u  ,morals1 & burn  
*>act]s ( glory into ! br[ ( ,religion4 
,!  latt]1 he aga9 & aga9 insi/s1 is to 
be set 9 ! heav5ly realm2  ! =m]1 on !  
o!r h&1 deta9$ ^u ! gr\nd2 ! two be+    

kept z absolutely ap>t z ! sky f ! e>?1 
reg>d$ z n less  incapable ( a common   
function ?an light & d>kness1 day &     
night4  ,d we speak ( fai? & our        
relations to ,god8 !n we h no?+ to  d ) 
morals1 & mu/ leave !m beh9d ly+ on !   
e>?4 ,d we  speak ( conduct & our       
relations ) m58 !n we /op ^u !  gr\nd1 &
 get no ne>] to heav5 & its lights4 ,!  
prote/s ( our  bett] nature aga9/ our   
own %ortcom+s1 ! sadness ( rep5tance1  &
 ! al>ms ( guilt1 s f> f be+ confirm$ by
 true religion1  are %[n to be m]e      
delusion & idle self-torture2 & !       
consci5ce  t c feel su* compunctions is 
a /upid ass /ruggl+ 9 ! du/  & flats (  
?is _w b5ea? a s]vile burd5 x ne$ nev]  
be>4 ,to  tr\ble ! he>t ) any moral     
anxieties or aspirations is ! mo/  fatal
 act ( unbelief1--a d[nright plunge f   
heav5 ov] !  precipice ( hell4 ,! moral 
law may rule ! body & its memb]s1 b  has
 no "r to any allegiance f ! s\l4#ef ,9 
any p]sonal &  hi/orical e/imate ( ,lu!r
 !re w\ld be mu* to say 9 palliation  ( 

^! mon/r\s positions2 x w\ld be easy to 
%[ _! connection  ) "s ( ! noble/       
*>act]i/ics ( 8 g5ius1 & _!  antagonism 
to "s ( ! wor/ features ( 8 times4 ,b   
reg>d$ 9  _! influ5ce on ,*ri/5dom1 :5  
deta*$ f _! liv+ orig91  & made ! gr\nd 
( a !ory = ! gov]nance ( life1 !y c     
only be lam5t$ z an explosion (         
mis*iev\s extravagance4 ,= 9  :at light 
d !y pres5t ,morality to u1 aft] /ripp+ 
x ( all  sacr$ness8 ,:at gr\nd is left  
on :i* its obligation may repose1 &  :at
 end is giv5 = its aim8 ,x exi/s1 z     
,lu!r himself decl>es1  only z a        
provision = social ord] & ext]nal peace4
 ,x is n  conc]n$ ) ! p]fection ( !     
individual1 b ) !  organization ( ! _w2 
& is no?+ b ! sy/em ( rules &  cu/oms   
requisite = ! safe coexi/5ce ( _m p]sons
 on ! same  field4 ,x is ?us r$uc$ f an 
inspiration ( consci5ce to an affair  ( 
police2 ! private s5tim5t ( duty1 op]at+
 9 ! hidd5 recess  ( life1 keep+ vigils 
ov] ! temp] ( ! m9d & habits ( !  home1 
is a m]e sub/itute = public op9ion1 & no

 repres5tative (  ! eye ( ,god4 ,9 ?is  
way1 moral usages are fir/ vot$ into    
exi/5ce  z matt]s ( conv5i5ce1 & impos$ 
by ! g5]al voice1 yield+ z  _! product 9
 ! individual an artificial s5se (      
obligation2 &  x is a delusion to inv]t 
?is ord]1 & say t ! natural s5se (      
obligation1 inh]5t 9 ea* individual1    
creates by sympa?y &  concurr5ce ! moral
 usages ( mank9d4 ,?is extreme          
secul>ization (  morals places ,lu!r 9  
curi\s company ) ,hobbes2 & ! foll[]s  (
 bo? h n be5 altoge!r unfai?ful to !    
orig9al aff9ity (  _! e?ical ideas4 ,bo?
 s*ools h )held f _! conception (       
morality any t\* & color ( religion2 bo?
 h be5 jeal\s ( its  m+l+ itself mu* )  
s5tim5t & feel+2 bo? h appli$ to x      
purely objective crit]ia1 & reg>d$ x z a
 /atutory affair1  susceptible (        
codification1 & !n ne$+ only a logical  
int]pret]4 ,?is s+ul> alliance betwe5   
sects reg>d+ ea* o!r  ) ! greate/       
antipa?y1 exhibits ! irresi/ible t5d5cy 
( a  :olly sup]-natural religion to     

produce an infra-natural morality4    ,!
 result ( ?is %>p sep>ation ( ! e?ical f
 ! spiritual  prov9ce ( life is1 t bo?  
are depriv$ ( elem5ts indisp5sable  to  
_! prop] culture4 ,our dev\t p are n    
rem>kable =  ei!r cle> notions or nice  
feel+s on moral que/ions2 :ile !        
consci5ti\s class are apt to be dry &   
cold precisians1 tru?ful1  tru/wor?y1 & 
humane1 b s little g5ial1 s devoid (    
ideality  & dep?1 t poet or prophet is  
/ruck dumb be=e _! face4 ,till  ! two   
classes _h discov]$ _! mutual ali5ation 
& collect$  !mselves r\nd di/9ct        
/&>ds1--evangelical & worldly1--!  evil 
0 inconspicu\s4 ,= "s "t aft] !         
,re=mation1 bo?  coexi/$1 )\t articulate
 repulsion1 9 e *ur*1 & ea*  sil5tly    
qualifi$ ! o!r extreme4 ,besides1 9     
spite ( ,lu!ran or  o!r dogma1 deep     
p]sonal fai?1 grateful tru/ 9 su* a "o z
  ,*ri/1 c\ld n be awak5$ 9 a p into :om
 ,god1 :atev] !y  might say ( !mselves1 
_h actually put a consci5ce1 )\t  c>ry+ 
! moralities ) x4 ,x might take ! lib]ty

 ( call+  !m /upid ass1 b w\ld nev]!less
 object to h ! ass  abus$4 ,9 tru?1 no  
soon] 0 ! law ( ,duty driv5 f           
,*ri/ianity1 ?an ! claim ( ,honor 0     
invok$ to take its place2  & ! believ] 0
 exhort$ n to take unwor?y advantage ( 8
  r$emption f legal liability1 b to r5d]
 9 ?ank-(f]+ !  s]vice exact$ by p5alty 
no m2 wor?less z x 01 x 0 all he  _h to 
give4 ,su* appeal t\*es a spr+ p[]ful 9 
noble he>ts1  & is1 9 fact1 only !      
awak5+ ( a high] ord] ( moral  feel+s   
?an be=e1--a fet*+ back1 "u ! disguise (
  transfiguration1 ( t v s5se ( duty :i*
 _h be5 pr(ess$ly  expell$4 ,9 ! fir/   
en?usiasm ( fai?1 :ile m5's s\ls1 hav+  
j flung (f ! sac]dotal incubus (        
c5turies1 7 burn+ to  brea! freely1 &   
felt ! heal?y ?rob ( a new joy1 ?is     
appeal  w\ld meet a full response4 ,!   
doctr9e ( fai? 0 b !  appo9t$ way (     
bur/+ ?r\gh ! mis]able scrupulosities1 !
  life ( petty debts & casui/ic         
book-keep+1 by :i* a prie/hood  _h      
ma9ta9$ a balance aga9/ ! _w1--( seiz+ a

 ,div9e  indemnity & recov]+ ! :olesome 
exi/5ce ( dev\t in/9ct4  ,if !          
inspiration ( ! sixte5? c5tury c\ld be  
p]man5tly  ma9ta9$1 if all m5 7 equally 
susceptible ( be+ snat*$ up  by a       
:irlw9d ( heav5w>d affection1 if !      
surprise at f9d+  t ! s\l _h w+s ( its  
own c\ld la/ = ev]1 ! pr9ciple  (       
gratitude & pi\s honor might answ] e    
end1 & human duty be  all ! bett] done  
by tak+ no security = x2 = y may hurl z 
a missile1 9 hot blood1 a weight :i*    
o!rwise y w sc>ce drag  ^u ! gr\nd4 ,b !
 fire ( an age ( ,re=mation _c be       
p]man5t2 nor is gratitude an affection  
on ^: t5sion life c be  securely        
built2--y _c educate p by ! =ce (       
p]petual  surprise4 ,!re is a l>ge      
natural ord] ( m9ds1 little susceptible 
( a self-ab&on+ f]vor1 = :om y va9ly br+
 ! *>iot (  fire & horses ( fire by :i* 
prophets fly to heav51 & :o are  cont5t 
) ! humble mantle ( ! humanities ?r[n   
aside by m  d>+ spirits 9 _! asc5t4     
,quiet1 reflective1 self-balanc$  p]sons

 are n to be tak5 by /orm1 & br\ght to  
betray ! solid  citadel ( ?is _w1 & say 
ugly ?+s ( ! moralities )  :i* !y h liv$
 9 fri5dly neighborhood4 ,!y are capable
 (  be+ l$ by rev]5ce = :at is bett]1 b 
n ( be+ k9dl$  by ! rays ( :at is       
int5s]4 ,if !y are ev] to be lift$ into 
a life beyond consci5ce1 :]e reluctance 
& resi/ance are felt  no m1 & ! in/9cts 
( affection may fl[ ( _! own pure  w1 x 
mu/ be by beg9n+ at ! o!r end1--by !    
religi\s  discipl9e ( consci5ce1 by pi\s
 consecration ( ?is e>? & its  in/ant   
"w1 by fai?ful & frugal c>e ( ! small]  
elem5ts (  duty1 z ( ! sacr$ crumbs (   
eu*>i/ic bread1 n )\t a ,real  ,pres5ce 
9 !m4 ,?is class1 ^: religion1 by a     
decree ( _!  nature1 c only exi/ "u     
e?ical conditions1 are :olly unprovid$  
= 9 ! ,prote/ant sy/em4 ,9 ! ,lu!ran    
view !y belong to !  s*ool ( worldly    
unbelief2 & ?\gh _! numb]1 z mu/ be !   
case 9 quiet times1 has be5 increas+ = a
 c5tury & a half1 &  con/itutes ! va/   
majority ( educat$ p 9 ?is c\ntry1 !y   

are )\t any recogniz$ religion2 ei!r    
v]aci\sly disbeliev+  & wait+ = some?+  
nobly cr$ible1 or uneasily subsi/+1     
suspect$ by cl]gym51 9 ! mid/ ( *ur*es  
^: !ory ( life  has ceas$ to be a       
reality to !m4 ,) a fai? traditionally  
%y (  morals1 & morals n yet elevat$    
into fai?1 we h two sep>ate  codes (    
life /&+ 9 pres5ce ( ea* o!r1--"o       
religi\s1 !  o!r secul>1--& nei!r ( !m )
 any true f\ndation 9 human  nature z a 
:ole2 ! secul>1 an accid5tal cong]ies ( 
mix$  cu/oms & inh]it$ op9ions2 !       
religi\s1 ! product ( an  arbitr>y      
spiritualism1 lax & ascetic by turns4   
,x is ! peculi>ity ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity t
 ^! two codes  coexi/ )9 ! same social  
body1 & ev5 rule ov] diff]5t p>ts  ( ea*
 individual4 ,! ,paul9e anti!sis betwe5 
! _w & !  ,*ur* 0 n less %>p ?an ours2 b
 x 0 a di/9ction ( p]sons  & classes1 & 
nobody c\ld occupy bo? ! opposite ends (
 x4 ,once  )9 a society ( disciples1 he 
0 out ( ! _w1 & belong$ to  ! assembly (
 ! sa9ts2 & ! :ole realm ( hea!ndom     

beyond  con/itut$ ! contra/$ t]m4 ,he   
did n /& & move ) "o leg  on holy gr\nd 
& ! o!r on ! common e>?2 :atev] 7 !     
pr9ciples ( ! community he _h jo9$1 !y  
s]v$ him all ?r\gh1  & did no viol5ce to
 ! unity ( 8 nature4 ,pray+ or d9+1     
weep+ or laugh+1 9 ! work%op or !       
prison1 he 0 ! same man  9 ! same sph]e4
 ,z ! circle ( ! ,*ur* enl>g$1 we %\ld  
!re=e expect ! _w to be driv5 to a      
di/ance1 till x 0  abs5t f :ole c\ntries
 & cont95ts4 ,b a new _w has be5        
discov]$1 n only )9 ! ,*ur*1 b )9 !     
p]son ( e  disciple2 8 body & limbs1 8  
bus9ess & pleasures1 be+ "u  ! law ( a  
morality q secul>2 8 s\l & its et]nal   
affairs  sitt+ ap>t 9 a love q          
spiritual4 ,:o %all draw ! l9e betwe5  !
 prov9ces1 & "k practically1 h\r by h\r1
 :]e he /&s8  ,liv+ confus$ly 9 bo?1 a  
man is apt to acquire a sort ( d\ble    
consci\sness1 & fluctuate di/ract$ly    
betwe5 ,cs> & ,god4 ,he  believes1      
p]haps1 t ! k+doms ( nature & ( grace   
are de/9$  always to rema9 side by side1

 nei!r absorb+ ! o!r till ! day  ( doom4
 ,9 t case1 he w let o!r m5 create all !
 secul>  usages1 ! moralities ( trade1 !
 maxims ( politics2 /&+ alo(  f !m z n  
belong+ to 8 realm1 & fall+ 9 ) !m      
freely 9 8 own case4 ,!y may be (       
que/ionable v]acity &  ju/ice2 b !y     
belong to ! ,devil's _w1 & are z good   
rules z  c be expect$ f legislators     
sitt+ 9 ! synagogue ( ,satan4 ,:y  %\ld 
he decl9e to pr(it by !m1 n[ t !y are   
!re8 ,:5 ,eve  has pluck$ ! apple1 x is 
too late = ,adam n to ta/e ! fruit4  ,! 
pi\s brok] comes on ',*ange z into a    
=eign _w1 on :i* he  is pu%$ by         
humiliat+ necessities1 & 9 :i* he feels 
an int]e/  d]iv$ f !m alone3 he has 8   
citiz5%ip else:]e2 he disda9s           
naturalization2 he is b a tempor>y      
settl]2 he wants no vote ab\t  ! laws2  
b1 tak+ !m z !y are1 cuts 8 crop &      
retires4 ,!  coolness ) :i* p :o live   
above ! _w sometimes avail  !mselves (  
its l[e/ v]ge ( usage is truly amaz+4   
,an afflu5t  g5tleman ( high religi\s   

pr(ession1 subscrib] to ,gospel s*ools1 
believ] 9 prev5i5t grace1 & o!rwise !   
pride ( ! ,evangelical  he>t1 f\nd      
himself n ins5sible to ! approa*es ( !  
,hudson  mania1 speculat$ f> beyond !   
res\rces ( 8 =tune1 decl9$ to  take up 8
 bad b>ga9s1 & ?us1 at ! exp5se ( utt]  
ru9 to 8  ag5t1 escap$ ) comp>atively   
easy loss to himself4 ,! ag5t1 be+  b an
 honorable s9n] ( ! worldly class1 0    
/ruck d[n by !  bl[ into great          
depression4 ,8 employ] 0 enabl$ to take 
a m  *e]ful view1 &1 on meet+ 8 poor    
victim1 ralli$ him on 8  deject$ looks &
 hopeless ?\ghts1 s diff]5t f 8 own     
resign$  & com=table /ate ( m9d3--,b ah6
 ,i =got1 he add$ ) a  sigh1 y are n    
bless$ ) my religi\s consolations6 ,:]e 
no  su* positively odi\s results z ^!   
are produc$1 !re is /ill  (t5 obs]vable 
! negative selfi%ness ( indiff]5ce to   
political  welf>e & political           
morals1--an affect$ )drawal f temporal  
int]e/s 9 ! neighborhood or ! ,/ate1 &  
an ins5sibility to  public inju/ice     

/rangely disproportion$ to ! zeal       
display$ aga9/  innoc5t amusem5ts & !   
n]v\sness on behalf ( invisible         
subtilties ( cre$4    ,! false          
opposition1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! _w & ! ,*ur*
 is  n always ?us passive & quiesc5t4 ,x
 is n always recogniz$ by  ^? :o hold x1
 z be+ a p]man5t fact to be m]ely sigh$ 
ov]  & let alone4 ,_m m5 are too e>ne/ &
 tru?ful to settle d[n  & pit* _! t5t ^u
 a gr\nd rock+ ) contradiction2 to live 
two lives :olly unreconcil$1 "o 9 ! %ame
 ( nature1 ! o!r  9 ! confid5ce ( grace2
 or to belong to two societies1--"o     
political1 ! o!r spiritual1--conduct$ on
 pr9ciples at incurable  v>iance ) ea*  
o!r4 ,t a rule ( action %\ld be secul>ly
  good & religi\sly hateful1--t a       
s5tim5t %\ld be fitly  applaud$ 9       
,p>liam5t & groan$ ov] 9 !              
conv5ticle1--is to  !m an intol]able    
unreality1 l ! celebrat$ v]dict ( !     
,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 t a doctr9e might be
 true 9 philosophy &  false 9 !ology4 ,9
 _! h&s1 accord+ly1 ! anti!sis betwe5  !

 human & ! div9e is n a quiesc5t1 b a   
conflict+  dualism1 9 :i* _! religi\s   
ideas become aggressive1 & assume  a    
commission to drive back & humble ! _w4 
,!y claim ! e>?  = ,god1 & ?9k ! surr5d]
 incomplete :ile any?+ natural          
rema9s2--:ile any in/9ct is uncru%$1 any
 laught] un/ifl$1 any  g5ius1 h[ev]     
pure1 a law unto itself4 ,! crusade     
aga9/ temporal  int]e/s & pursuits1     
consequ5t ^u ?is /ate ( m9d1 *anges  its
 =m ) ! culture & habits ( ! age4 ,9 !  
e>ly ye>s (  ! ,re=mation1 :5 ! :ole    
,bible 0 spread op5 b5ea? !  ?ir/+ eye (
 an undi/+ui%+ en?usiasm1 ! effect      
?reat5$  at "o "t to be m t]rible ?an   
glori\s4 ,! full ?und]-cl\d  ( ! ,hebrew
 prophets1 /eal+ ov] a _w 9 negative    
/agnation1  wak$ ! sleep+ lightn+s ( !  
s\l1 & = a :ile /reak$  ! atmosph]e (   
hi/ory ) fe>ful port5ts4 ,ev]y?+ t _h   
be5 writt5 ( ! *os5 p1 _! exodus1 _!    
law1 _!  poetry1 _! passions1--ev]y?+   
except ! rel5t+s ( _!  nature & !       
un/ead9ess ( _! fai?1--became consecrat$

 alike4  ,! milit>y clang ( _! e>ly     
hi/ory1 ! h>p ( _! sweet  s+]1 ! *oral  
pomp ( _! prie/ly rule1 ! my/ic voices (
  _! lonely m5 ( ,god1--all 7 ,div9e    
music alike1 (t5 m  excit+ ?an ! ,s]mon 
on ! ,m\nt1 & n less pi]c+ ?an !  angui%
 9 ,ge?semane4 ,su* 0 ! sequ5ce &       
connection ( !  ,div9e disp5sations     
suppos$ to be1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 simply ! 
,jewi% !ocracy1 only let loose out (    
,pale/9e to make a promis$  l& ( ! :ole 
_w4 ,! d[ntrodd5 s]fs ( ,franconia _h n 
long he>d ! glad tid+s f ,witt5b]g1 ere 
!y began to draw  p>allels betwe5       
!mselves & ! old ,israel :5 ! des]t _h  
be5 pass$4 ,!y _h be5 br\ght to ! br9k (
 new hope1 &  look$1 z across ,jordan1  
to an inh]itance v]dant & tempt+ to  _! 
eye4 ,! e>? 0 ! ,"l's1 & ! army ( !     
sa9ts 0  come to take x2 ! bann]$       
pr9ces1 ! ungodly prie/s1 ! m5  ) spurs 
^u _! heels1 all ! c>nal :o peopl$ ?is  
,canaan  & p]*$ _! eagle's ne/s on e    
height1 mu/ be smitt5 &  cle>$ (f4 ,! "t
 ( jubilee 0 come1 :5 e believ] %\ld  h 

8 field ( h]itage2 nay1 ! birds 9 ! =e/1
 ! fi% 9  ! /ream1 ! fruits ( ! gr\nd1  
:atev] has ! sacr$ seal (  ,god's       
creative p[]1 %\ld be free to all1 & !  
noble %\ld eat  ! peasant's bread or    
die4 ,! lawy]s %\ld take _! hea!ni%     
c\rts away1 & m5 ( ,god %\ld sit & judge
 ! p1 accord+  to ! _s & ! ^w4 ,! h>ve/ 
0 ripe1 :5 ! t>es mu/  be burn$ 9 ! fire
 & ! pure :eat be g>n]$ = ! ,"l4  ,^! 7 
! ideas :i* ?\s&s ( arm$ m51 ) a cl\t$  
%oe  & a c>t-:eel = _! /&>ds1 & a lead] 
:o sign$ himself  ! sword ( ,gideon1    
prea*$ z _! ,gospel ?r\gh ! =e/s (      
,?ur+ia & b5ea? ! citadel ( ,wrzburg4   
,nor 0 ! ripe/  le>n+1 mu* less ! mo/   
g5]\s _s ( ! "t1 any security  aga9/ !  
adoption ( _! doctr9e4 ,x 0 n ,mnz]     
alone :o  brea!d ! fi]ce inspiration1   
exhort+ 8 sw>?y m9]s to lay  ,nimrod on 
! anvil1 & let x r+ bravely ) _! /rokes2
 b  ! hone/ ,c>l/adt1 too1 s*ol>1       
prea*]1 dialectician z he is1  lays     
aside 8 broadclo?1 & appe>s 9 :ite felt 
hat & ru/ic  coat at ! cross (          

,ro!nburg1 to prea* enc\ragem5t to !  p 
& br+ fre% sorr[ on himself4 ,?r\gh\t ! 
great  movem5t :i* 9 ! ?ird decade ( !  
sixte5? c5tury spread  insurrection f ! 
,breisgau to ,saxony1 ! peasants 7      
animat$  ) ! belief t ! ,gospel1 arm$ ) 
! sword ( ,jo%ua1 0  to subjugate ! _w1 
& t all ! conditions ( prop]ty1 (  law1 
( civil adm9i/ration1 "u :i* secul>     
communities exi/1  7 to be sup]s$$ by   
in/itutions con=m$ to a div9e model4 ,! 
lead+ ,re=m]s1 t]rifi$ by ! religi\s    
socialism :i* !y _h  rais$1 7 ready     
en\gh to d5\nce & cru% x4 ,b 9 tru? _!  
own idea diff]$ f ?is insurg5t fai? m 9 
=m ?an 9  ess5ce2 lodg+ ! p[] 9 diff]5t 
h&s1 & prescrib+ to x a  diff]5t me?od1 
b assign+ to x a simil> tru/ = ! same   
ultimate ends4 ,! k+doms ( ?is _w 7 to  
be made ! k+dom  ( ! ,"l & ( 8 ,*ri/2 & 
! temporal p[] 0 ev]y:]e  to assume a   
spiritual function1 & make aggression on
 :atev]  oppos$ itself to ! sev]ity &   
sanctity ( ! ,div9e ,^w4 ,!  conv]ts (  
,knox1 ! troop]s ( ,cromwell1 !         

t[n-c\ncillors (  ,g5eva1 act+ on ?is   
doctr9e1 claim$ ! :ole ( human life z   
_! doma91 & pu%$ ! inquisitions ( police
 into private  habits1 & ev5 ! secret   
incl9ations ( p]sonal belief4           
,play+-c>ds & song-books 7 d5\nc$ &     
seiz$1 z if !y  came f ! ,devil's       
pr9t+-press2 danc+ prohibit$1 z a pr(ane
  escape ( ! natural memb]s into mir?ful
 agitation2 conc]ts  sil5c$1 z enslav+  
immortal s\ls to ! delusive sweetness ( 
/r+s & w9d2 ! caps ( wom5 & ! coats ( m5
 %ap$ to  evangelic type2 &1 z if ! _w 7
 a great s*ool1 ! gates (  cities1 & ev5
 ! doors ( h\ses1 7 clos$ at temp]ate   
h\rs  by vesp] bell or signal gun4      
,asceticism grasp$ ! sceptre & !  sword1
 & dem&$ ! capitulation ( ! _w4 ,h[ va9 
&  dang]\s ?is tyrann\s repression (    
nature is1 ! reaction dur+  ! sev5te5?  
c5tury into reckless & fatal lic5se     
emphatically  decl>es2 & ! contra/ %[s !
 necessity ( f9d+ "s  m$iat+ t]m1 "s    
reconcil+ wisdom1 by :i* ! antagonism   
may  cease betwe5 ! _w & heav51 betwe5  

natural morals &  ,*ri/ian aspiration4  
,yet "u a *ange ( =m ! /ruggle is /ill  
cont9u$2 & ) ^? :o mo/ prom95tly assume 
to repres5t !  aims ( ,*ri/ianity1 !    
pres5t life1 ! temporal _w1 has no      
adequate recognition ( its rights4 ,!y h
 no tru/ 9 human nature  z div9ely      
con/itut$1 & z hav+ no "p or passion )\t
 "s  fitt+ range4 ,!y d>e n leave x out 
( sight = an in/ant3  !y mu/ draw up a  
diet>y = x1 ( suffic+ vegetables & wat]2
  !y mu/ wat* its temp]1 & see t x      
behaves ) w9n+  sweetness to all        
rascality2 !y mu/ gu>d its purse1 & tea*
 x  t to live *eaply1 sp5d+ no?+ =      
ornam5t & beauty1  no?+ = honor & "r1 b 
only = subsi/5ce & *>ity1 is  ! great   
wisdom ( man2 !y mu/ /ifle its          
indignations1 le/ x  %\ld cease to hold 
out its *eek to ,russia1 &1 hav+ gone "o
  %ameful mile ) ! nephew ( my uncle1   
%\ld refuse to g )  him ano!r4 ,bo? !   
ascetic doctr9e & ! extreme peace       
pr9ciples ( ! pres5t day1 z well z its  
t5d5cy to r5\nce all  retributory       

puni%m5t1 betray1 9 our op9ion1 a       
morbidly scrupul\s  appreh5sion ( evil1 
q bl9d+ to ! heal?y eye = good1--a      
cr\*+ ( moral fe>1 s+ul>ly at v>iance ) 
! free &  noble be>+ ( ! ,apo/le1 :o    
f\nd t to ! pure all ?+s  are pure4 ,z =
 ! non-resi/ance pr9ciple1 we h %[n t x 
meant no m 9 ! e>ly ,*ur* ?an t !       
disciples 7 n to  anticipate ! h\r1 fa/ 
approa*+1 ( ,messiah's desc5t to claim  
8 ?rone4 ,b :5 t h\r /ruck1 !re 0 to be 
no want (  physical =ce1 no %r9k+ f     
retribution z ei!r unju/ or  undiv9e4 ,!
 flam+ fire1 ! sudd5 de/ruction1 !      
mighty  angels1 ! tribulation & angui%1 
7 to =m ! ret9ue (  ,*ri/ & ! pione]s ( 
! k+dom ( ,god4 ,x 0 n t  co]cion 0     
deem$ unholy1 & reg>d$ z ! ag5cy        
appropriate to  l[] natures & left beh9d
 9 asc5d+ t[>ds heav52 x 0  simply t    
natural co]cion 0 n to fritt] itself    
away1 b leave  ! field op5 = !          
sup]natural4 ,! new reign 0 to come )   
=ce2 & on no?+ else1 9 ! la/ resort1 0  
!re any  reliance2 only ! army 0 to     

arrive f heav5 be=e ! e>?ly  recruits 7 
tak5 up4 ,no?+1 inde$1 c well be fur!r f
 !  s5tim5t ( ,scripture ?an ! extreme  
horror ( =ce1 z a p5al  & discipl9>y    
in/rum5t1 :i* is inculcat$ 9 mod]n      
times4 ,my  k+dom1 said ,jesus1 is n (  
?is _w2 else w\ld my s]vants  fight2--an
 expression :i* implies t no k+dom ( ?is
 _w c  disp5se ) arms1 & t he himself1 7
 he ! head ( a human  polity1 w\ld n    
=bid ! sword2 b :ile legions ( angels   
/ood ready = 8 ^w1 & only wait$ till !  
,scripture 0  fulfill$ & ! h\r ( d>kness
 0 pass$1 to obey ! signal (  heav5ly   
invasion1 ! weapon ( e>?ly temp] might  
rema9 )9  ! %ea?4 ,! infant ,*ur*1      
subsi/+ 9 ! he>t ( a milit>y  empire1 & 
expect+ f on high a milit>y rescue1 0 n 
itself  to fight2 n1 h[ev]1 because =ce 
0 9 all cases brutal &  hea!ni%1 b      
because1 9 ?is case1 x 0 to be angelic &
  cele/ial4 ,x is evid5t t precepts giv5
 "u ! influ5ce (  ^! ideas c h no j     
application to ! actual duties (        
citiz5s & /ates1 ^: problems ( conduct1 

^: v exi/5ce1  !y nev] contemplat$2 & t 
to urge !m ^u mod]n society z  political
 canons is to introduce a doctr9e :i*1  
"u cov] (  _! =m1 viol5tly outrages _!  
_s4    ,! mi/ak5 anti!sis betwe5        
temporal & spiritual ?+s runs  into !   
greate/ excess1 :]ev] ! inh]5t pravity (
 human  nature is mo/ exagg]at$4 ,!re   
are *ur*es1 h[ev]1--! ,ca?olic  & !     
,arm9ian1--9 ^: doctr9es ! natural      
condition ( man is  pa9t$ 9 colors f>   
remov$ f ! deepe/ %ade2 & :i* deem  him 
n s mu* incapable ( "r moral disc]nm5t1 
z weak5$ =  fai?ful moral execution4 ,9 
?is view1 ! function ( ,*ri/ianity  is n
 to sup]s$e & cancel1 b to supplem5t &  
guide1 !  native en]gies ( ! s\l2 n to  
raise x f a mad trance1 9  :i* all ?\ght
 & feel+ are !mselves b a false gl>e1 b 
to apply a tonic & heal+ p[]1 enabl+ x  
to d ! "r :i*  x has already light en\gh
 to see4 ,pr(essor ,fitzg]ald is an     
adh]5t to ?is doctr9e1 & ju/ly cont5ds t
 no l[] e/imate  ( human nature c consi/
 ) responsibility at all4    ,i am n to 

be rank$1 he says1 among/ ^? :o assume t
 human  corruption has n affect$ !      
natural p[] ( ! moral s5se4 ,i  ?9k x   
has4 ,no d\bt s9ful depravity1 :]ev] x  
is indulg$1 is1  z ,ari/otle long ago   
rem>k$1   1--x t5ds to  weak5 or deprave
 ! s5tim5t ( moral c5sure1 & to blunt ! 
p]ception ( moral evil4    ,an eloqu5t b
 sup]ficial ,fr5* morali/ has comp>$ !  
consci5ce to a table-rock 9 ! ocean1 its
 surface1 j above !  ripple1 be>+ an    
inscription grav5 9 ! /one1 :i* a g5ius1
  hov]+ ov] x1 reads al\d4 ,at times !  
waves arise & sweep ov]  ! tablet1      
conceal+ ! my/ic *>act]s4 ,!n ! read] is
  compell$ to pause4 ,b aft] a :ile !   
w9d is lull$1 ! waves  s9k back to _!   
accu/om$ level1 ! inscription /&s out   
cle>  & legible1 & ! g5ius resumes 8    
int]rupt$ task4    ,?is comp>ison might 
ga9 some?+ 9 correctness if we imag9e ! 
inscription trac$ ^u a s(t] sub/ance4 ,=
 ! /ormy waves (  passion n only        
conceal1 :ile !y prevail1 ! sacr$       
*>act]s (  virtue1 b1 z bill[ aft] bill[

 passes ov] ! tablet1 !y t5d  to        
oblit]ate ! l9es4    ,b 9 mak+ ^! l>ge  
concessions1 7:i* ,i d v will+ly17 ,i  d
 n feel t ,i am surr5d]+ ! cause4 ,x is 
"o ?+ to say  t ! discrim9at+ p[] ( !   
moral judgm5t is affect$ &  impair$ by  
human corruption1 & q ano!r to say t x  
is  de/roy$4 ,x is "o ?+ to say t x     
sometimes goes wrong1 &  ano!r t we c   
nev] dep5d on its decisions4 ,mo/ m5's  
exp]i5ce has (t5 br\ght !m acqua9t$ )   
p]sons :o _h  impair$1 9 "s way or o!r1 
_! natural p[]s ( p]ceiv+ tru?  or      
excell5ce 9 "s respects1 )\t los+ ei!r  
s\nd pr9ciples  ( reason or s\nd        
pr9ciples ( hone/y 9 o!rs4 ,& ! way to  
correct su* obliquities ( intellectual  
or moral judgm5t is1 n to  tell m5 t !y 
%\ld di/ru/ _! natural faculties        
altoge!r1  b to avail ourselves ( s mu* 
z rema9s s\nd to discov] !  mi/ake or   
imp]fection :i* we seek to rem$y or     
supply4 ,! appeal1  9 su* cases1 is f ! 
reason or consci5ce p]v]t$ or impair$1  
to ! same faculties 9 :at physicians    

w\ld call _! normal  /ate4 ,:5 ! effac$ 
portions ( ! inscription are to be      
re/or$1  ! evid5ce ( ! correction       
results f its h>moniz+ ) !  "p :i* has n
 be5 oblit]at$2 & an int]polation may be
  detect$ by its di/urb+ ! coh]5ce ( !  
context1--an omission by  leav+ x       
imp]fect or un9telligible4--p4 #bf4     
,on ?is pr9ciple alone1 unhappily b     
little cong5ial ) !  _s & traditions (  
,prote/ant *ur*es1 c ,*ri/ianity coexi/ 
) natural e?ics4 ,fai? adopts morals1   
purifies & sublimes !m1  & especially   
*anges ! "* ( _! =ce2--= a law (        
compulsion f bel[1 sub/itut+ a love (   
,god above4 ,! enmity  ceases betwe5 !  
_w & heav52 ! physical e>? is n m       
c]ta9ly afloat 9 space1 & on ! mu/]-roll
 ( />s1 ?an !  pres5t life is plung$ 9  
et]nity1 & n beh9d its *iefe/           
sanctities4 ,!re is no?+ to be a%am$ (1 
no?+ to be slurr$  ov] z an unmanageable
 necessity1 9 ! natural con/itution &   
relations ( m52 :atev] acts !y          
prescribe1 :atev] comb9ations  !y       

require1 are )9 ! scope & consecration (
 religion4 ,!  :ole compass ( ! _w & its
 affairs1 all ! gifts &  activities (   
m51 are br\ght )9 moral jurisdiction1 & 
includ$  9 ! embrace ( a g5ial rev]5ce4 
,no n>r[ int]pretation is  long]        
possible ( ! prov9ce ( human piety1 & ! 
true type ( a  noble goodness2 z ?\gh !y
 dem&$ a def9ite set ( actions1  r ?an a
 c]ta9 /yle ( s\l1 & d5i$ a place to any
  affection or pursuit :i* c adorn &    
glorify exi/5ce4 ,div9e  ?+s are n put  
away into =eign realms ( be+1 & future  
rea*es ( "t1 atta9able by no pa? ( toil1
 no spr+ ( ef=t1  only by miracul\s     
transport2 b are met ) e day1 %9+  ?r\gh
 ! sub/ance ( life & hid amid its h\rs4 
,:atev]  orig9al end[m5ts1 :atev]       
acquir$ virtues1 enri* & elevate our    
imm$iate sph]e1--! ,?\ght :i* f9ds its  
tru?1 ! ,g5ius t  evolves its beauty1 ! 
,honor t gu>ds its nobl5ess1 ! ,love    
:i* light5s ! burd5 ( its sorr[s1--are n
 m]e temporal  embelli%m5ts indiff]5t to
 its sacr$ness1 b attributes t  br+ m5  

ne>] to ! sympa?y & similitude ( ,god4  
,art1  lit]ature1 politics1 employ+ !   
highe/ human activities1 &  con/itut+ ! 
v blossom & fruit ( all our culture1 are
  recogniz$ z hav+ an e>ne/ root1 & n   
be+ ! light gr[?  ( secul> gayety &     
selfi%ness4 ,we h no sympa?y ) !        
s5tim5tal & immoral prop5sity1 :i*      
corrupts ! newe/  ,cont95tal philosophy1
 to recognize :atev] comes into exi/5ce 
z  ipso facto div9e4 ,b we d believe t !
 great *ange = :i*  ! secret            
religi\sness ( ?is age p9es1 & :i* x is 
sorely  /rait5$ till x c accompli%1 is !
 delib]ate adoption into  heav5ly places
 ( ?is _w1 its faculties & affairs1 j z 
,god has made !m1 & man's unfai?fulness 
has n yet spoil$ !m4  ,! products (     
human bas5ess1 hypocrisy1 &             
ambition1--let !m  rema9 hateful1       
et]nally contr>y to ,god1 ?+s sc>ce safe
 to pity2  b believe n t !y h got ?is   
planet entirely to !mselves1  & h snat*$
 x z _! peculium q out ( ! ,supreme     
,h&4 ,m5 are tir$ ( /ra9+ _! ?\ght along

 ! diamet] (  ! univ]se to seek = a     
,holy ( ,holies 9 :atev] is opposite to 
_! life2 !y f9d a wor%ip possible1 ev5  
irresi/ible1 at home1  & on ! road-side 
a place z fit to kneel z on ! pavem5t ( 
!  ,milky ,way4 ,! old antagonism betwe5
 ! _w t n[ is1 & any  o!r t has be5 or  
is to come1 has be5 modifi$ = !m1 or has
  ev5 entirely ceas$4 ,! e>? is no place
 ( diabolic exile1 :i*  ! pr9ce ( ! p[] 
( ! air ev] fans & d>k5s ) 8  w+2 & 7 x 
ev51 z 0 once believ$1 appo9t$ to p]i%1 
?is w\ld be n because its failure 0     
complete1 b because its  task 0 done4   
,no v5geance burns 9 ! sun%9e :i* mell[s
 its  fruits & pa9ts its grass2 no      
?reat5+s fla% f ! />ry  eyes t wat* ov] 
x by night4 ,x is n only ! home ( ea*   
man's p]sonal affections1 b ! native    
c\ntry ( 8 v s\l2  :]e fir/ he f\nd 9   
:at a life he lives1 & to :at heav5 he  
t5ds2 :]e he has met ! t\* ( spirits    
high] ?an 8 own1 &  ( ,him t is highe/ (
 all4 ,x is ! abode ( e ennobl+         
relation1 ! sc5e ( e wor?y toil2--! alt>

 ( 8 v[s1 !  obs]vatory ( 8 k1 ! temple 
( 8 wor%ip4 ,:atev]  succe$s to x w be  
its sequel1 n its opposite1 w resume !  
tale :]ev] sil5ce ov]takes x1 & be bl5d$
 into "o life by  sam5ess ( p]sons &    
cont9uity ( plan4 ,he is set "h to live1
  n z an ali51 pass+ 9 disguise ?r\gh an
 enemy's camp1 :]e no  allegiance is    
due1 & no wor?y love is possible1 b z a 
citiz5  fix$ on an hi/oric soil1 pl$g$  
by honorable memories to nurse yet      
nobl] hopes4 ,"h is ! spot1 n[ is ! "t1 
= ! mo/  devot$ s]vice ( ,god4 ,no /ra9s
 ( heav5 w wake him into  pray]1 if !   
common music ( humanity /irs him n4 ,!  
sa9tly  company ( spirits w ?rong ar\nd 
him 9 va91 if he f9ds no  angels ( duty 
& affection 9 8 *ildr51 neighbors1 &    
fri5ds4  ,if no heav5ly voices w&] ar\nd
 him 9 ! pres5t1 ! future  w be b ! dumb
 *ange ( ! %ad[ on ! dial4 ,9 %ort1     
high] /ages ( exi/5ce are n ! refuge f  
?is1 b !  complem5t to x2 & x is ! prop]
 wisdom ( ! affections1 n  to escape !  
"o 9 ord] to seek ! o!r1 b to fl[ =? 9  

purify+ copi\sness on bo?4    ,we h said
 t m5 are tir$ ( hav+ _! e>?ly & _!     
heav5ly relations set up 9 %>p          
opposition to ea* o!r1 & are  eag] to   
live "h 9 a consecrat$ _w4 ,?is t5d5cy  
has already  f\nd expression 9 two      
rem>kable & app>5tly dissimil>          
ph5om5a1--! p>tial success ( ! ,anglican
 & ,ca?olic reaction1  & ! va/ influ5ce 
on ,engli% society ( ! late ,dr4        
,arnold's  "*4 ,bo? 7 virtual prote/s   
aga9/ t removal ( ,god out  ( ! common  
human life1 t unreconcil$ condition (   
,law &  ,gospel1 :i* _h made !          
evangelical !ology sick5+ & unreal4  ,a 
pa? _h to be op5$ = ! re-introduction ( 
a div9e pres5ce  into ! sph]e ( temporal
 ?+s4 ,newman resort$ to !  sup]natural 
*annel ( ,*ur* miracle2 ,arnold to !    
natural c\rse  ( human affairs1 & !     
p]man5t sacr$ness ( human obligation4   
,bo? re/or$ to u a solemn my/]y (       
imm$iate ,inc>nation2 ! "o  putt+ life1 
9 ord] to its consecration1 into contact
 ) !  sacram5ts2 ! o!r spread+ a        

sacram5tal v5]ation ov] !  :ole ( life4 
,arnold1 especially1 saw ! great moral  
evils :i*  h aris5 f ! evangelical      
depreciation ( ! pr(ane _w4  ,! secul>1 
he 0 well aw>e1 has become too secul>1 !
  spiritual too m]ely spiritual4 ,human 
nature is p]mitt$ to h  play ) un*eck$  
wilfulness 9 ! "o1 & is all[$ no place  
at  all 9 ! o!r4 ,! obligations (       
natural law are held 9 light  e/eem1 z  
if1 9 be+ social1 !y fell %ort ( be+    
sacr$4 ,!  ex]cises ( intellect1 9 !    
survey ( nature or ! int]pretation  (   
hi/ory1 are (t5 /igmatiz$ z a m]e e>?ly 
curiosity1  p]missible to reason1 b     
neutral to ! s\l4 ,! wor/ ( x is1  t ^! 
notions1 once become habitual1 fulfil _!
 own  pr$ictions4 ,z !re is no?+ :i* !  
he>t _c sanctify1 s  is !re no?+ :i* x  
may n secul>ize4 ,tell m5 t 9 _!        
natural affections !re is no?+ holy1 &  
_! homes w soon be  ne/s ( common       
in/9ct4 ,assure !m t 9 _! bus9ess x is !
  unreg5]ate w1 & ! animal necessity1 t 
labor = ! bread  :i* p]i%e?1 & soon     

en\gh w an irrev]5t gre$9ess & a  cank]$
 anxiety usurp ! place4 ,p]suade !m t to
 /udy !  ord] ( creation or ! records ( 
pa/ ages is b a c>nal  pursuit1 & !     
/ud5t's pray] = light w become a m]e    
ambition = di/9ction1 ! m$itations (    
wond] be /ifl$ 9 !  du/ ( m5tal         
day-labor1 & ! te>s ( admiration drop no
 m on  ! page ( anci5t wisdom4 ,?is 0   
:at ,arnold c\ld n abide2 to  see       
religion fly+ (f on w+s ( pomp\s pret5ce
 to o!r worlds1  & leav+ no heav5ly     
glory ^u ! e>?1 b lett+ h] v  fields be 
pav$ into a /reet4 ,!re 0 no attempt to 
save a spot  = any e>ne/ reality1 except
 ! poor little enclosure beh9d !  alt>  
rail4 ,! ,*ur* w consecrate a gravey>d =
 ! dead1 b  leaves ! m>ket ( ! liv+ /ill
 unbless$3 y may dissolve away  9       
b5$iction1 :5 y\r ye>s are ov] ( toil & 
sweat b5ea? !  curse4 ,to "o :o         
ackn[l$ges a natural consci5ce & a      
natural  elem5t 9 fai?1 !re is a        
religion 9 little 9 e "p (  life2 x     
gives at lea/ a note 9 ! *ords & melody 

( wor%ip4  ,h5ce ,arnold's curi\s       
doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* z cov]+ all human     
relations :atsoev]1 & includ+ ! :ole    
organism ( ! ,/ate4  ,he w\ld h no?+ :i*
 ! laws ( ?is univ]se impos$ on !  w (  
man done )\t a cle> & pi\s recognition2 
x 0 n to  be illicitly smuggl$ 91 z if  
run a%ore 9 a gale ( confusion t  c\ld n
 be help$1 b mu/ be /eadily acc\nt$ = & 
/or$ 9  op5 day4 ,e?ically1 ?is doctr9e1
 ?\gh1 f its adaptation to a  p]man5t   
_w1 x is ! lea/ ,apo/olic 9 appe>ance1  
is1 ( all  int]pretations ( ,*ri/ianity1
 ! mo/ true2 & if x 7 n =  cl++ ideas ( 
extra-moral dogma & special prie/hood1 z
  limit+ ! conception ( ! ,*ur*1 w\ld g 
f> to repeat =  our age ! "w ( ,socrates
 = 81 & br+ d[n our div9e  philosophy f 
heav5 to e>?4 ,x gets rid entirely ( !  
false  spiritualism :i* has ei!r )held  
religi\s m5 f political  affairs1 or    
induc$ !m to urge on /atesm5 rules      
applicable only  :]e gov]nm5t c be      
disp5s$ ) altoge!r4 ,x rescues          
,*ri/ianity f ! degradation ( be+       

hypocritically flatt]$ z  ! great       
p]suasive to peace by rul]s :om x does n
 re/ra9 f  go+ to w>1 & relieves x ( an 
oppressive weight ( false  expectation1 
z ?\gh x broke its promise to ! _w e "t 
a  new case ( /rife appe>$4 ,no?+ c well
 be m damag+ to a  religion1 ?an to     
commit x to unqualifi$ disapprobation ( 
any?+  :i* mu/ exi/ :ile human nature   
la/s1 & to set x fr[n+ )  ineffectual   
sublimity on ! passions & ev5ts :i*     
det]m9e !  :ole c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,!      
amiable en?usia/s :o propose to  conduct
 ! affairs ( nations on pr9ciples (     
bro!rly love1 &  :o1 till t consummation
 is rea*$1 c only /& by & prote/1  d b  
weak5 _! c\ntry = purposes ( ju/ice &   
br+ _!  fai? into m]it$ commis]ation4 ,x
 is commonly said t !y are a  h>mless   
class1 :o may ev5 =m a useful c\nt]poise
 to ! w>like  susceptibilities ( less   
scrupul\s m54 ,we h no belief1 h[ev]1  9
 ! efficacy ( falsehood & exagg]ation1  
or 9 ! atta9m5t (  tru? & mod]ation by !
 neutraliz+ action ( opposite           

extravagances4 ,! rev]5ce = human life  
is c>ri$ to an immoral  idolatry1 :5 x  
is held m sacr$ ?an ju/ice & "r1 & :5  !
 spectacle ( blood becomes m horrible   
?an ! sight (  desolat+ tyrannies &     
triumphant hypocrisies4 ,life1 inde$1 is
 j  ! "o ?+--! res]v$ capital1 ! re/1 ! 
ultimate  security--on ^: disposability 
9 ! la/ resort1 & on ! free  control ov]
 :i*1 ! v exi/5ce ( society dep5ds4 ,!  
fir/  & highe/ social bond is no d\bt to
 be f\nd 9 a religi\s  s5tim5t1 a common
 v5]ation = ! same ?+s z "r &           
intr9sically b9d+ on m5 t live side by  
side2 & ! wor%ip1  ) its in/itutions1 ( 
e community1 is its in/9ctive attempt   
to get ^! ?+s spontane\sly done by ! =ce
 ( rev]5ce4  ,c\ld ?is po9t be really   
c>ri$1 no?+ w\ld rema9 to be            
accompli%$2 religion w\ld complete &    
p]fect ! incorporation (  mutual loyalty
 :i* x _h begun4 ,b !re are "s 9 :om !  
s5tim5t ( common rev]5ce fails1 & = ^:  
fidelity to !  moral ends ( ! social    
union !re is !re=e no natural gu>anty4  

,to rea* ^! cases1 society has no       
res\rce b co]cive me?ods1  actual or    
?reat5$2 ! ?reat is ,law2 ! actuality is
  ,puni%m5t2 ! p[] to :i* bo? are       
committ$ is a ,gov]nm5t2  ! commonweal? 
on ^: behalf !y exi/ is a ,/ate4 ,! v   
con/itution ( a /ate ?us presupposes !  
possible violation (  moral "r1 ! p>tial
 failure ( religion to secure its       
obs]vance1 & ! det]m9ation to en=ce on !
 reluctant an  ob$i5ce refus$ ( free w4 
,=ce1 h[ev]1 is applicable only to  m5's
 bodies2 x is a re/ra9t & pressure on ! 
functions (  _! life2 & if t life be    
sacr$ f infr+em5t1 !  political exi/5ce 
( nations is itself an (f5ce aga9/ ! law
 (  ,god4 ,all law1 all polity1 is a    
proclamation t ju/ice is bett]  ?an     
life1 &1 if ne$ be1 %all ov]ride x & all
 ! possessions  x includes2 & no?+ c be 
weak] or m suicidal ?an = m5  :o are    
citiz5s ( a commonweal? to ann\nce1 t1 =
 _! "p1  !y mean to hold life 9 high]   
e/eem ?an ju/ice4 ,moreov]1 !re  is a   
l[-m9d$ egotism (t5 disguis$ 9 ?is      

doctr9e ( passive  meekness4 ,z an      
inducem5t to quiet endurance ( wrong1 we
 are  rem9d$ ( ! duty ( mutual =giv5ess4
 ,is all ! wick$ness1  !n1 t ,i am doom$
 to witness1 no?+ b a p]sonal affront8  
,:5 a rascal ?reat5s to bl[ out my      
neighbor's bra9s1 or to bla/  8 "* by   
infam\s accusations1 am ,i 9 a position 
to =be>  & p>don8 ,mu/ ,i n own myself  
"u a solemn tru/1 to see !  "r done & ! 
guilty puni%$8 ,nay1 w\ld n ! injur$ man
  himself greatly mi/ake ! nature ( !   
crime1 & measure x by a  paltry /&>d1 if
 he took x = a m]e private (f5ce :i* x 0
  8 pr]ogative to puni% or to ov]look8  
,:o is ?is t =give?  s9s also8 ,! et]nal
 laws ( ju/ice are n ( our enact+2 &  no
 w ( ours has title to susp5d or to     
repeal !m4 ,! real &  only dem& (       
,*ri/ian magnanimity is1 t we visit !m )
 no  v5geance1 b m]ely ) moral          
retribution2--t is1 ) no m  sev]ity :5  
direct$ aga9/ ourselves1 ?an :5 we see  
!m at an  imp]sonal di/ance4 ,b to reg>d
 & treat ! guilty z if he 7  an         

innoc5t1--t is giv5 to no man1 & is ev5 
inconceivable (  ,god4 ,rul]s1 at all   
ev5ts1 z tru/ees ( rights o!r ?an _!    
own1--& ea* g5]ation ( a p1 z *>g$ ) !  
int]e/s  ( successors 9 p]petuity1--h b 
a limit$ privilege (  =be>ance2 !       
meekness ( ! sa9t w\ld 9 !m be treason  
to !  _w4 ,ev5 9 int]national disputes1 
:]e ea* p>ty may h a  conviction ( "r1 !
 controv]sy1 b = ! possibility (  =ce1  
c\ld h no end4 ,x is a delusion to rely 
on c\rts z a  sub/itute = armies1 & to  
suppose t judicial decision c  sup]s$e  
milit>y4 ,! judge w\ld be ( small avail 
)\t !  con/able2 & ! arbitrator betwe5  
nations w\ld ne$ a ,european  army to   
en=ce 8 decrees4 ,:]e ! /ake is l>ge & !
 feel+  /rong1 x is notori\s t ! private
 disputant r>ely acquiesces  9 an       
arbitration t goes aga9/ him2 b c>ries 8
 case to !  la/ appeal1 :]e x is /opp$  
by a b>ri] ( impassable =ce4 ,y  might z
 well pull d[n y\r jails 9 prep>ation = 
! assizes1 z  de/roy y\r fleets &       
ars5als 9 que/ ( int]national           

arbitration4 ,we speak only ( ! ultimate
 !ory ( ?is matt]1 &  simply affirm1 t  
:]ev] law & gov]nm5t exi/1 some:]e 9  ! 
backgr\nd =ce mu/ lurk4 ,x may1 no d\bt1
 be provid$ 9  excess1 & p>ad$ )\t ne$2 
& ) ! progress ( a civiliz$  ord]1 !    
circle may be ev] wid5$ )9 :i* ! idea ( 
co]cion1 ) ! habits x creates1 may be   
sub/itut$ = !  obtrusive reality2 till  
possibly a family ( nations may be      
ga!r$1  l a gr\p ( c\nties1 into a      
common jurisdiction4 ,b ?is only  %ifts 
! camp )\t disb&+ x2 &1 aft] all1 !     
tip/affs  ( y\r supreme c\rt c\ld be no 
o!r ?an ! legions ( a gr&  army4 ,we h1 
!re=e1 no m d\bt t a w> may be "r1 ?an  
t a policeman may be a security =       
ju/ice1 & we object to a  =tress z      
little z to a h&cuff4 ,a religion :i*   
does n include  ! :ole moral law2 a     
moral law :i* does n embrace all !      
problems ( a commonweal?2 a commonweal? 
:i* reg>ds ! life (  man m ?an !        
equities ( ,god1--appe> to u unfai?ful  
to _!  functions1 & unwor?y int]pret]s (

 ! div9e s*eme ( !  _w4 ,quak] hi/ories1
 writt5 ) omission ( all ! w>s1 are  n  
less morbid z moral mi/akes1 ?an a      
doctr9e ( ,provid5ce1  leav+ out ! :ole 
realm ( hea!ndom1 is n>r[ z a religi\s  
!ory2 & ! misuse ( ,scripture :i* has l$
 to bo?1 is mo/  dang]\s to its au?ority
 9 an age rem>kable = ! bread? ( its    
hi/orical survey & ! v>iety ( its       
e?nological sympa?ies4    ,9 o!r ways   
?an ^? :i* we h indicat$ has a mis*iev\s
  direction be5 giv5 to mod]n ?\ght &   
feel+1 by p]v]t+ !  accid5tal & transi5t
 =m ( ! primitive ,*ri/ianity into      
ess5tial & p]man5t doctr9e4 ,b our      
exposition mu/ proce$ no  fur!r4 ,!     
alt]nation ( ascetic spiritualism &     
worldly laxity1  ! indiff]5ce to natural
 affections & relations1 !  exclusiv5ess
 at once dev\t & selfi%1 ! jeal\s d5ial 
( _!  rights to intellect & art1 ! false
 appreh5sion ( ! true  dignity ( law &  
true life ( /ates1 h be5 ! m e>ne/ly    
dwelt ^u f ! conviction t ^! e?ical     
infirmities are  produc+ a p]il\s       

reaction1--a di/ru/ ( all e?ical laws   
:atsoev]1 a disposition to hold ev]y?+  
div9e t f9ds  /r5g? to realize          
itself1--a wor%ip ( :at is1 9 place ( an
  aspiration to :at ought to be4 ,to ?is
 we _c cons5t4 ,we _c  look on all =ms (
 human life & "* ) ! neutral eye (  an  
equal admiration1 z alike suitable      
products ( =mative nature4  ,we _c =ego 
! "r ( judgm5t1--( embrac+ ) rev]5ce  or
 spurn+ ) abhorr5ce2 or "p ) ! ideal    
type ( a p]fect  s\l1 to :i* all o!rs   
rise z !y approa*4 ,nei!r d we believe  
) ,lu!r1 t human nature is a m]e devili%
 an>*y1 r$ucible  only by sup]natural   
irruption2 nor ) ! newe/ s*ool1 t x is  
a div9e an>*y1 equally uncontrollable f 
)91 & to be  accept$ z a wild fact2 b t 
x is a hi]>*y ( p[]s1 ea*  hav+ & kn[+  
its rightful place1 & appeal+ to u to   
ma9ta9  x !re4 ,to li/5 to t appeal1 &1 
9 answ] to x1 /rive to  h>monize ! de   
facto ) ! de jure adm9i/ration ( !  s\l1
 de/roy+ ! usurpation ( mean errors1 &  
re/or+ ! sway  ( k+ly tru?1 is ! aim (  

morals 9 action & 9 philosophy4         
,,footnotes3    #ee ,lu!r de            
,captivitate1 ,bab4 ii4 #bfd4 ,comp4    
,dispu4 i4 #ebc4 ,si 9  fide fi]i posset
 adult]ium1 peccatum non esset4 ,o!r &  
yet m  revolt+ ass]tions ( ! same       
pr9ciple are cit$ by ,mhle1 9 8         
,symbolik1 ,i4 iii4  #af1 :5ce ^!       
passages are tak54    #ef ,see ,lu!r's  
,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 
passim4          ,,! ,,re/oration ,,(   
,,belief4        ,! ,re/oration (       
,belief4 ,no4 ,i4 ,*ri/ianity 9         
,relation to its      ,anci5t & ,mod]n  
,antagoni/s4 ,cambridge3 ,macmillan     
,co4 #aheb4      ,we h he>d x quot$ z ! 
rem>k ( a di/+ui%$ =eign]1  conv]sant ) 
! *oice/ society 9 sev]al ( ! capitals (
  ,europe1 t n[h]e is ! ali5ation ( !   
high] & pr(essional  classes f all      
religi\s fai? s widespread & complete z 
9  ,engl&4 ,t ! masses at ! o!r end ( ! 
social scale are  indiff]5t or          
disaffect$ to ! in/itutions :i* visibly 
embody !  ,*ri/ianity ( our age1 c be no

 secret to any obs]vant inhabitant (  a 
l>ge ,engli% t[n4 ,x is on ! middle     
class alone t ! v>i\s  =ms ( ,prote/ant 
wor%ip h any real hold4 ,remov$ alike f 
!  passionate temptations ( ! homeless  
artisan1 & f ! m5tal  activity ( !      
/atesman or man ( lett]s1 ! rural g5try 
& !  urban tradespeople are deta9$ "u   
traditional influ5ces1 p>tly by  !      
:olesome cons]vatism ( moral habit1     
p>tly by helpless  accommodation to     
conv5tional /&>ds4 ,m5 ( ?is class1 if  
once  really t\*$ & possess$ by e>ne/   
conviction1 are ! be/  def5d]s ( a      
religion f political assault4 ,b a fai? 
expos$ to  an intellectual /ruggle f9ds 
among !m b a prec>i\s %elt]2  especially
 if _! atta*m5t to x is less a liv+     
p]suasion ?an a  fe> ( ! blank :i* its  
removal w\ld create4 ,p]secut$ by !     
magi/rate1 !y "k h[ to def5d _! wor%ip f
 ! oppression (  law4 ,assail$ by !     
critic1 !y c (f] b ! resi/ance ( a dumb 
imp5etrability2 !y _c br+ _! /]l+       
p]sonal qualities to  be> ^u ! conte/2  

!y are oblig$1 = all active conduct 9 ! 
/rife1 to tru/ to a body ( lit]>y       
,swiss1 engag$ to protect !  ,vatican ( 
_! fai?1 & accu/om$ nev] to report      
defeat4 ,9  proportion z ! me?ods (     
sceptical aggression become m  =midable1
 & its temp] m e>ne/1 x is f\nd necess>y
 to  improve ! tra9+ ( ! b& ( ,*ur*     
def5d]s2--a measure at once             
indisp5sable & fatal2 = x lifts !m into 
an intellectual  position1 :i* spoils ! 
bl9d s+l5ess ( _! allegiance1  discloses
 ! hopelessness ( ! task expect$ f !m1 &
 (t5  de/roys _! antipa?y to ! noble    
revolution>y foe4 ,x is !  va9e/ (      
hopes1 t a body ( cl]gy1 br\ght up to ! 
culture (  ! n9ete5? c5tury1 c abide by 
! ,*ri/ianity ( ! sixte5?  or ( !       
second2 if !y may n pres]ve its ess5ce  
by translation  into o!r =ms ( ?\ght1 !y
 w ab&on x1 9 proportion z !y  are      
cle>-sight$ & v]aci\s1 z a dialect gr[n 
obsolete4 ,! numb]  accord+ly is        
con/antly increas+1 9 e college capable 
(  tra9+ a ri* intellect1 ( c&idates = !

 m9i/ry =c$ by  _! d\bts into lay       
pr(essions1 & c>ry+ ?i!r ! p[]ful       
influ5ce1 9 ! same direction1 ( le>n+ & 
accompli%m5t4 ,!  high] (fices (        
education are1 to no slight ext5t1 9 !  
h&s (  ^! des]t]s ( ! ,*ur*2 & ?r\gh !  
tutor 9 ! family1 or  ! ma/] 9 ! s*ool1 
or ! pr(essor 9 ! lecture-room1 contact 
& sympa?y are e/abli%$ betwe5 ! be/     
portions ( ! new  g5]ation1 & a k9d (   
?\ght & culture ) :i* ! au?oriz$  !ology
 _c co-exi/4 ,college fri5d%ips1 =eign  
travel1 curr5t  lit]ature1 famili>ize   
all educat$ "y m5 ) ! ph5om5on (        
scepticism1 & 9 a way mo/ likely to     
dis5*ant x ( its t]rors4  ,?us by       
innum]able *annels x ent]s ! middle     
class at !  intellectual end ( _! life1 
assum+ 9 g5]al ! =m ( hi/oric  &        
critical d\bt2 :ile f bel[1 f ! classes 
born & br$  amid ! :irl ( ma*9]y1 & %ap$
 9 _! v imag9ation by !  tyranny ( !    
p[]-loom1 x pu%es up 9 ! rud] =m (      
mat]ial  fatalism4 ,! int]m$iate        
enclosure1 safe 9 ! dull innoc5ce ( an  

unsuspect$ cre$1 is gr[+ n>r[] e day2 &1
 ?\gh res]v$  to ! la/ = its h\r (      
temptation1 w be ! lea/ prep>$ to  w9   
its victory4    ,no "o :o appreciates ! 
real s\rces ( a heal?y national life1  &
 kn[s :at to expect f ! dissolution (   
anci5t fai?s1 c  look )\t anxiety at a  
prospect l ?is2 especially 9 a c\ntry   
^: religi\s in/itutions1 rigid ) usage1 
ov]load$ )  int]e/s1 *>g$ ) ! beque/s ( 
! pa/1 are manife/ly  unequal to !      
crisis1 &1 9 _! attempt to tra9 !       
affections  ( ! ,future1 wield e p[] b !
 "r "o1 & are inde$  already reg>d$1 l !
 ,c\rt ( ,*anc]y ) its w>ds1 z a dry    
nurs]y = gr[n babies4 ,a p t rev]5ces   
no?+--no?+ at  lea/ t /ret*es a common  
heav5 ov] all--has lo/ its natural      
unity4 ,incipi5t decay is spread+ ?r\gh 
! secret cem5t ( its  civilization1 :i*1
 f> f be>+ ! weight ( fur!r gr[?1       
prec>i\sly holds its exi/+ mass toge!r4 
,s f> we are entirely  at "o ) ^? :o see
 some?+ to deplore 9 ! ,eclipse (       
,fai?1 & some?+ to desire 9 !           

,re/oration ( ,belief4 ,!y  d n ov]rate 
! evils ( a /ate ( society 9 :i*1 if y  
?9k  ) ! wise1 y mu/ cease to believe ) 
! vulg>4 ,we w\ld  jo9 ) !m1 he>t & h&1 
9 ! ef=t to t]m9ate ?is fatal           
discrepancy1 & f9d "s language (        
devotion & aspiration1  v]aci\s alike f 
! lips ( ! ri*e/ k & ! mo/  primitive   
simplicity4 ,b :51 l ! au?or ^:         
publication is  be=e u1 !y w\ld aboli% !
 discrepancy by simply re9/at+  ! taught
 9 ! cre$ ( ! untaught2 :5 !y insi/ on !
  surr5d] )\t t]ms ( mod]n philosophy & 
criticism to !  unabat$ au?ority ( !    
,bible2 :5 !y pret5d to wipe out f      
calculation all ! !ological rese>*es ( !
 la/ half-c5tury1  z if !y 7 m]e ciph]s 
made 9 sport on ! tablet ( hi/ory1  & _h
 no effect on our comput$ place at      
all1--we sep>ate  sorr[fully f !m1      
l>gely sympa?iz+ ) _! wi%1 b  :olly     
despair+ ( _! me?od4 ,! receiv$ !ory ( !
 orig9  ( ,*ri/ianity f ag5cies         
exclusively div9e1 & ( !  infallible "* 
( ! canonical books1 c no m be  re/or$1 

?an ,roman hi/ory c be put back to its  
/ate be=e  ,niebuhr's "t1 or ,greek     
my?ology be treat$ z if ,heyne &        
,ottfri$  ,mll] _h nev] liv$4 ,! pres5t 
age is n m di/+ui%$ by  its advance 9 ! 
mat]ial arts1 ?an by its a/oni%+        
progress 9  ! int]pretation & true pa9t+
 ( ! pa/2 a ,boeckh or a ,grote  c>ries 
9 8 m9d a picture ( ,a!nian life 9 !    
days ( ,p]icles  m p]fect1 x is         
probable1 ?an c\ld be =m$ by ,plut>* or 
,long9us2 & x w\ld be /range if !       
,*ri/ian era--c]ta9ly !  object ( ! mo/ 
elaborat$ /udy--7 ! only "o to escape ! 
"w ( recon/ruction1 or to und]go x )\t  
consid]able *ange4  ,! limits ( t *ange 
are at pres5t def9able by no cons5ti5t  
e/imate2 b t !y are su* z to remove !   
old l9es (  ,*ri/ian def5ce1 & require !
 *oice ( m op5 gr\nd1 c no  long] be    
d5i$1 except by ! a/ute consi/5cy ( a   
,romani/  hi]>*y1 & ! innoc5t           
unconsci\sness ( ,engli% sects4 ,:5 !   
"t %all come = a dispassionate hi/ory ( 
! fir/ two  c5turies1--a hi/ory :i*1    

resolv+ ! canon back into ! g5]al  mass 
( e>ly ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 %all f9d an  
orig9al clew =  tradition1 in/ead (     
accept+ "o f its po/hum\s h&1--:i*  %all
 detect op9ions be=e !y 7 h]etic or     
or?odox1 & trace  ! sev]al /reams (     
tribut>y ?\ght to _! conflu5ce 9 a      
det]m9ate ,*ri/ianity1--! n>r[ness ( our
 pres5t polemic w  be app>5t ( itself2  
its fe>s & triumphs be reg>d$ ) a       
smile2 & _m1 bo? ( its positive &       
negative results1 w  vani% f ! int]e/s (
 religion1 & be absorb$ 9 a high]  view 
( ! relation betwe5 ! ,div9e & ,human 9 
?is _w4    ,we _h hop$ at fir/ t ! au?or
 ( ,! ,re/oration ( ,belief 0  ab\t to  
take up ! problem ( ,*ri/ianity ) a real
 appreciation (  its alt]$ conditions1 &
 ) unaffect$ ju/ice t[>ds ^? :o  _c     
solve x l himself4 ,8 pres5t essay is b 
! comm5cem5t  ( a s]ies1 design$ to     
arre/ ! progress ( educat$ scepticism1  
to  expose ! sophi/ries ( mod]n         
criticism1 & re-e/abli% ! pl5>y         
au?ority1 z oracles ( fai?1 ( ! ,hebrew 

& ! ,*ri/ian  ,scriptures4 ,x w\ld      
p]haps be unreasonable to compla9 t 8   
argum5t does n m>* v f> 9 ?is fir/      
movem5t2 & engages u  r by ! /atel9ess (
 its /ep1 ?an by ! cle>ness ( its       
direction4 ,nev]!less1 we d ?9k t !     
discursive lic5se (  introductory       
exposition is c>ri$ by him to an extreme
 :i* promises  ill = ! exactitude ( 8   
me?od4 ,at ! outset he decl>es t !      
difficulties :i* emb>rass mod]n fai? g  
d[n to ! v dep?s (  philosophy1 & c be  
resolv$ only by rea*+ ! ultimate roots (
  ?\ght4 ,yet he rema9s on ! upp]       
surface ( hi/ory1 &1 )\t  once h9t+ h[  
?is is to lead him to ! pi? ( !         
controv]sy1  dwells only on facts :i*   
are undisput$1 & 8 conception ( :i*     
might be z readily ga!r$ f ,gibbon z f  
,ne&]4 ,l _m  writ]s ^: eye is caught by
 gr&eur ( effect1 & ^: imag9ation  is   
s5sitive to wond]1 he is fasc9at$ by !  
mom5t 9 human affairs  :5 ! ,roman      
,empire 0 exactly pois$ betwe5 ! =ces ( 
ext]nal  unity & ( int]nal decay1 & !   

political organism ( ! ,pa/1 s  augu/ 9 
its mass & its proportions1 held no s\l 
b ! "y  _s ( ! ,future4 ,( ?is crisis1  
assign$ to ! reign ( ,alex&]  ,sev]us1  
our au?or pres5ts an impressive &1 we   
believe1 a fai?ful  sket*4 ,amid !      
spl5dor1 ! mis]y1 ! decay ( belief &    
hope1 !  univ]sal inc]titude ( t p]iod1 
!re em]ges into notice !  beautiful &   
b5efic5t ph5om5on ( a real ,fai?1--a    
,fai? t c  live1 a ,fai? t c die4 ,!    
inevitable conflict betwe5 ?is new  p[] 
& ! ,pagan pr]ogatives ( ! ,cs>s is well
 br\ght out by  ! essayi/2 & ! victory (
 ,*ri/ianity is ju/ly ascrib$ to !      
peculi> "* ( ! religion1 z a feel+      
direct$ to a ,,p]son  r ?an ! simple    
ass5t to an ,,idea4 ,x 0 ! =ce ( ?is    
p]sonal feel+ :i* fir/ awak5$ 9 m5 !    
s5tim5t ( obligation  9 reg>d to        
religi\s tru?1 & sub/itut$ fai?ful      
v]acity =  indiff]5tism & laxity (      
pr(ession4 ,! au?or ?us sums up !       
positions :i* he reg>ds ! pres5t essay z
 e/abli%+3--    ,t ! ,*ri/ian           

communities did1 dur+ ! p]iod t we h _h 
9 view1 make & ma9ta9 a prote/ aga9/ !  
idol-wor%ip ( !  times1 :i* prote/1     
sev]e z x 0 9 its conditions1 at l5g?   
won  a place 9 ! _w = a pur] !ology1 &  
set ! civiliz$ races  free f ! degrad+  
sup]/itions ( ! ,greek ,my?ology4    ,t 
9 ! c\rse ( ?is ardu\s /ruggle1 & z an  
unobs]v$ yet  inevitable consequ5ce ( x1
 a ,new ,pr9ciple came to be recogniz$1 
& a ,new ,feel+ came to gov]n ! m9ds (  
m51 :i* pr9ciple &  feel+ conf]r$ ^u !  
individual man1 h[ev] l[ 8 rank1        
socially or intellectually1 a dignity   
unkn[n to classical antiquity2  & :i*   
yet mu/ be ! basis ( e moral advancem5t 
we c  desire1 or ?9k ( z possible4    ,t
 ! /ruggle :5ce result$ ^! two mom5t\s  
consequ5ces1  affect+ ! welf>e ( m5 =   
ev]1 0 ent]$ ^u & ma9ta9$  on ! gr\nd ( 
a def9ite p]suasion1 or ,belief1 ( :i* a
 ,,p]son  0 ! object4    ,t ?is belief  
t[>d a p]son embrac$ attributes1 n only 
(  sup]human excell5ce & wisdom1 b also 
( sup]human ,,p[] &  ,,au?ority4 ,if we 

take ! mat]ials be=e u z our guide1 x w 
n be possible to dis5gage ! hi/ory f ^! 
ideas (  sup]human dignity4--p4 #ajf4   
,^! positions we c]ta9ly conceive to be 
unassailable4 ,b !y lie  s completely   
out ( ! field ( mod]n d\bt & controv]sy1
 t  we are at a loss to imag9e :at      
possible use ! au?or c make (  !m4 ,!   
g5]al features ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ! "*
  ( ! ,*ur*1 _h assum$ 9 ! ?ird c5tury a
 det]m9ate =m1  ab\t :i* !re is no      
important "q betwe5 believ] &           
unbeliev]4 ,:o w\ld d5y t ! disciples = 
:om ,clem5t (  ,alex&ria & ,orig5 wrote1
 :om ,t]tullian & ,m9ucius ,felix       
def5d$1 & to ^: in/itutes ,cyprian 0 a  
conv]t1 believ$ 9  ,jesus ,*ri/ z a     
p]son at once hi/orical & div9e1 & 7    
/r5g!n$ by t belief to ! endurance (    
m>tyrdom8 ,! real  & only difficulties  
lie high] up1 9 ! attempt to trace !    
s\rces & e>li] v>ieties ( ?is belief2 & 
if our au?or c  %[ t1 9 w9d+ its way    
?r\gh two c5turies1 & trav]s+  sev]al   
di/9ct regions ( ?\ght1 x dropp$ or     

r\nd$ (f no  primitive facts1 & became  
m+l$ ) no =eign ideas1--if he c  e/abli%
 ! ess5tial con/ancy & uni=mity1 f !    
fir/1 (  ! tradition & doctr9e :i*      
obta9$ asc5d5cy at la/1--he w  inde$    
r$uce legitimate scepticism )9 v n>r[   
limits1 &  des]ve a ni*e 9 ! ,valhalla (
 critical r5[n4 ,b if he  contemplates  
cle>+ ^! c5turies by an argum5tative    
leap2 if1  f ! m>tyr fai? ( an age lat] 
?an ! ,anton9es1 he means to  conclude !
 c]ta9ty ( ! ,inc>nation two hundr$ ye>s
  be=e1--!n we mu/ say1 he attempts a   
logical feat :i* puts to  %ame ! cauti\s
 /eps ( su* reason]s z ,paley1 ,m>%1 &  
,:ately4 ,! cat5a ( well-l9k$           
te/imonies1 ) its bridge (  safe foot+1 
:i* !y h endeavor$ to sl+ across ! *asm 
(  ! po/-apo/olic age1 is b a paltry    
c[>dice ( ecclesia/ic  eng9e]+ to "o :o 
c pass ! gulf ^u ! w+ ( inf]5ce4  ,an   
advocate is intelligible1 & proce$s ^u  
admitt$ rules (  evid5ce1 :o says ) ^!  
e>li] div9es3 ,"h are ! writ+s  ( ,paul1
 ( ,john1 ( ,mat!w1 & ( o!r m5 :o 7     

pres5t at !  ev5ts !y relate or assume2 
^: lives 7 turn$ into a new  *annel by  
_! influ5ce2 & :o w5t to prison & to    
dea? r  ?an d5y !m4 ,!y positively      
decl>e t !y witness$ ! mo/  /up5d\s     
miracles1 &1 aft] _! ,ma/] _h be5       
visibly tak5 up  ?r\gh ! cl\ds1 !mselves
 habitually ex]cis$ ! same  sup]natural 
p[]4 ,y mu/ admit t ! gu>anties (       
te/imony  c g no fur!r3 surr5d] y\rself 
!re=e to ! ,gospel4 ,?is  is an argum5t 
:i* accompli%es all t is possible )     
hi/orical  evid5ce 9 su* a case2 & 7 its
 allegations ( fact su/a9able1  x w\ld  
/ill be ! be/ =m into :i* ! reason+ c\ld
 be  ?r[n4 ,un=tunately1 we c no long]  
feel assur$ t any  fir/-h& te/imony     
exi/s1 z a di/+ui%able elem5t1 9 !      
n>rative books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 s t we
 c reg>d !m only  z monum5ts ( ! /ate ( 
,*ri/ian tradition dur+ a second>y      
p]iod4 ,/ill1 ?is flaw is n repair$ by  
/rik+ into ! c\rse  ( belief ?ree or f\r
 g5]ations l[] d[n1 & sub/itut+ !       
,m>tyr lit]ature ( ! ?ird c5tury = !    

,evangeli/ memorials  ( ! second or !   
fir/4 ,& :5 our au?or transf]s to       
,clem5t  & ,orig5 ! praise ( unaffect$  
simplicity usually aw>d$ to !  ,apo/olic
 writ]s1 & actually pres5ts x z         
suffici5t pro( (  div9e attributes 9    
,*ri/1 we c only suppose t1 9 8 op9ion1 
"s tru?s are too good to h any bad way  
to !m4 ,:at else c be  said ( ! foll[+  
mode ( inf]5ce8    ,mu* d we meet ) 9 ^!
 writ]s t indicates infirmity (  judgm5t
 or a false ta/e2 yet does !re p]vade !m
 a m>k$  simplicity1 a grave s9c]ity1 a 
quietness ( tone1 :5 ,,he is spok5  (   
:om !y ackn[l$ge z ,,"l4 ,if !re be "o  
*>act]i/ic (  ^! anci5t writ+s t is     
uni=m1 x is ! calm1  affectionate1 &    
rev]5tial tone 9 :i* ! ,m>tyr ,*ur*     
speaks  ( ,,! ,,savi\r ,,*ri/6    ,i am 
p]fectly sure t1 if y c\ld absolutely   
bani% f y\r  m9d all ?\ght ( ! inf]5ces 
& ! consequ5ces result+ f  y\r          
admissions1 y w\ld n1 aft] p]us+ ?is    
body ( ,m>tyr  lit]ature1 fall into !   
enormity ( attribut+ ! notions  ent]ta9$

 ( ,,*ri/1 z inve/$ ) ,div9e attributes1
 to any su*  s\rce z 'exagg]ation1' or  
'extravagance1' or to ',ori5talism1' or 
'enl>g$ ,platonism4' ,exagg]ation &     
inflation h _! own /yle3  x is n        
difficult to recognize x4 ,no *>act]i/ic
 ( ?\ght or  language is m obvi\s4 ,y w 
fail 9 y\r endeavor to %[ t  ?is        
*>act]i/ic does atta* to ! writ+s 9 "q2 
&  :y %\ld y make su* an attempt8 ,!re c
 be no inducem5t to d  s1 unless x      
appe>s to be ! only means ( escap+ f "s 
consequ5ce :i* we dislike4--p4 #ajg4    
,our au?or pr(ess$ly opposes ,anci5t    
,*ri/ianity to mod]n  scepticism1       
because ,hi/ory1 z he obs]ves1 is solid 
gr\nd1 & no  region ( atmosph]ic        
phantasms1 bir?s f ! refract$ rays (    
metaphysic light4 ,hi/ory1 h[ev]1 is    
solid gr\nd only s f> z x is  really    
explor$2 & ! tr5d+ ( ! l& & curv+ ( !   
%ore  9 "o latitude ( "t no m enables u 
to lay d[n ! map (  ano!r1 ?an an       
an*orage at ! ,ganges' m\? w\ld enable u
 to pa9t  ! gorges ( ! ,himalayas1 &    

di/+ui% ! real f ! fabul\s  s\rces ( !  
sacr$ /ream4 ,to take u into ! basilicas
 & %[ u  h[ ,*ri/ians wor%ipp$ 9 ! days 
( ,alex&] ,sev]us1 to introduce  u to ! 
,proconsul's c\rt & bid u witness _!    
refusal ( div9e  homage to ,cs>'s image1
 & !n ask u :e!r a fai? l ?is  c\ld h _h
 any orig9 b ,,"o1--?is is n hi/ory1 b !
  m]e evasion ( hi/ory4 ,we want to "k1 
n :at mu/ h be5  ! s\rce1 b :at 0 !     
s\rce1 ( ! great moral p[] t  rose ^u ! 
_w z ,rome decl9$4 ,:oev] wi%es to %ut  
out human  ideas & natural ag5cies f    
p>ticipation 9 ! matt]1 mu/ g  pati5tly 
?r\gh ! entire rema9s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian 
lit]ature2  mu/ trace ! conflict betwe5 
! ,hebrew & ! ,paul9e ,gospel2 f9d  a   
place = ! peculi> v]sion ( ! religion   
giv5 by ! ,evangeli/  ,john2 fix !      
limits ( ,ebionitism1 ( ,*iliasm1 (     
,docetism2 & %[  t ^! modes & v>ieties (
 doctr9e /op %ort ( ! sub/ance  ( ! e>ly
 fai?1 & d n ent] ! canonical           
,scriptures ) any  di/urbance ( _!      
hi/oric c]ta9ty4 ,no?+ ( ?is k9d d we   

expect f our au?or4 ,= he ent]ta9s a    
conception1 respect+ !  logic ( ,*ri/ian
 evid5ce1 :i*1 h[ev] preval5t among     
,engli%  div9es1 betrays 9 our judgm5t a
 m9d n at all at home ) !  pres5t       
conditions ( ! problem4 ,he seems to ?9k
 t we c fir/  prove ! hi/oric tru? ( !  
,scriptures 9 g5]al2 & !n get  rid ( !  
difficulties 9 p>ticul>2 & requires u1 9
 ob$i5ce  to ?is p$antic law ( logical  
etiquette1 to c>ry into our             
inve/igation ( e successive p]plexity ! 
rigid assumption t  ! writ+s ) :i* we   
deal are inspir$1 & _! cont5ts (  ,div9e
 au?ority4    ,:5 a collection ( hi/oric
 mat]ials1 be>+ ^u a p>ticul>  s]ies (  
ev5ts1 is br\ght =w>d1 x w foll[1 ^u !  
supposition t ^? ev5ts h1 on ! :ole1 be5
 truly report$1  t any hypo!sis1 !      
object ( :i* is to make x seem probable 
t no su* ev5ts did take place1 mu/      
involve absurdities :i*  w be m or less 
gl>+4 ,b !n1 aft] ! tru? ( !  hi/ory has
 be5 e/abli%$1 & :5 ! tru/wor?9ess ( !  
mat]ials has be5 admitt$1 z we proce$ to

 apply a rigid criticism  to ambigu\s   
passages1 we %all und\bt$ly enc\nt] a   
cr[d (  p]plex+ disagreem5ts2 & we %all 
f9d employm5t en\gh = all  our acum51 & 
trial en\gh ( our pati5ce1 9 cle>+ our  
pa?4  ,& yet no am\nt ( disc\ragem5ts1  
su* z ^!1 w w>rant our  fall+ back ^u a 
supposition :i* we h already disc>d$ z  
incoh]5t & absurd4--p4 #aaj4    ,we _c  
call ?is a vici\s canon ( hi/orical     
criticism2 = x  simply excludes         
hi/orical criticism altoge!r4 ,!        
critic's "w is  n a process :i* c g on  
g5]ically1 )\t address+ itself to  any  
p>ticul> matt]s at all1 & v9dicate      
compreh5sive conclusions  9 bl9dness    
t[>ds ! cases !y comprise4 ,! judgm5t t1
 on !  :ole1 a c]ta9 book conta9s a true
 report ( ev5ts1 c only be a            
provisional assumption1 f\nd$ on natural
 & *ildlike tru/1 & c  claim no         
sci5tific "*1 till x comes out z a      
collective  inf]5ce f an inve/igation 9 
detail ( ! n>rative's cont5ts4  ,no     
d\bt1 ! b>e fact ( ! exi/5ce (          

,*ri/ianity z a great  social ph5om5on 9
 ! age ( ! ,anton9es1 may af=d evid5ce  
en\gh t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 no imag9>y   
be+2 ! g5ius ( !  religion1 & !         
traditional picture ( its au?or1 may    
indicate !  ca/ ( 8 m9d & ! int5sity ( 8
 influ5ce2 ! in/itutions  ( ! ,*ur* may 
betray its orig9 9 ,pale/9e1 & !        
approximate  date ( its bir?4 ,b ^!     
conclusions1 f\nd$ entirely on reason+s 
f human causation1 c nev] c>ry u into ! 
sup]human2 or enable  u to say m        
respect+ ! memorials ( ! life ( ,jesus1 
?an t  !y may be true1 & d n =feit1 ab  
initio1 _! title to  exam9ation by      
fundam5tal ana*ronism1 misplacem5t1 &   
moral  incongruity4 ,h[ f> ! exi/5ce (  
?is prim facie case falls  %ort (       
e/abli%+ ! tru? ( ! hi/ory1 & !         
tru/wor?9ess ( ! mat]ials1 we ne$ n po9t
 out to any "o  accu/om$ to deal )      
que/ions ( evid5ce4 ,& z = ! great      
proposition1 t ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ is a   
sup]naturally  au!nticat$ gift1 we _c   
imag9e h[ x is to be prov$ 9  g5]al1 )\t

 rese>* into a s+le miracle4 ,is x      
indiff]5t to  ! fact ( ! ,inc>nation1 t 
! only two acc\nts ( ! bir? &  infancy (
 ,jesus are hopelessly at v>iance ) ea* 
o!r8 ,is !  evid5ce ( ! ,resurrection   
unaffect$ by ! discrepancies on :i*     
h>moni/s h sp5t a fruitless +5uity8 ,are
 we z sure t1 9  read+ ! ,apo/les'      
works1 we h to d ) inspir$ writ]s1 z  if
 !y _h n made any false ann\ncem5ts ab\t
 ! end ( !  _w8 ,:at does our au?or mean
 by admitt+ ^! ?+s z  difficulties1 yet 
d5y+ !m any j influ5ce 9 abatem5t ( our 
confid5ce8 ,he may =m "o e/imate ( _!   
weight1 & 8 oppon5t  ano!r2 b 9 nei!r   
case c !y be po/pon$ = treatm5t 9 a  m]e
 app5dix to ! discussion ( ,*ri/ian     
evid5ce3 !y are ( !  v pi? ( ! :ole "q1 
&1 s long z !y lie 9 res]ve z           
quantities ( unkn[n magnitude &         
direction ( influ5ce1 r5d]  hi/orical   
belief & unbelief alike irrational4     
,nor c we = a mom5t all[ t ! failure (  
ev] s _m ,g]man  !ories to give a       
satisfactory acc\nt ( ! orig9 (         

,*ri/ianity1 is any good reason =       
cont5t$ acquiesc5ce 9 !  receiv$        
doctr9e4 ,our au?or insi/s1 t we mu/    
make our  def9itive *oice betwe5 "s     
mod]n hypo!sis & ! ,evangelical         
tradition2 & ei!r take ! facts z !y are 
h&$ d[n to u1 or  else replace !m by "s 
bett] repres5tation4 ,by :at "r does he 
impose on u su* an alt]native necessity8
 ,is ! critic disqualifi$  = detect+    
false hi/ory1 because he _c1 at 8       
di/ance1 write  ! true8 ,is x a ?+      
unkn[n1 z a product ( s*ol>%ip1 t       
fabul\s elem5ts disclose !mselves amid !
 memorials ( fact8 &  is x n an         
ackn[l$g$ ga9 to "p ) an error1 ?\gh    
only 9  favor ( an ignorance8 ,if a     
mod]n hypo!sis z to ! mode 9 :i*  !     
religion arose may break d[n by m]e     
int]nal incoh]5ce &  improbability1 :y  
may n ! anci5t acc\nt1 if x %\ld be     
*>geable ) simil> imp]fections1 be      
liable to ! same fate8 ,x  is surely    
conceivable t all ! f9i%$ repres5tations
 we  possess1--,hebrew & ,alex&r9e1 z   

well z ,g]man1--furni%1 m or  less1 an  
ideal & conjectural hi/ory ( ! infancy (
 ,*ri/5dom2  & t ! reproduction ( t "t  
may n only be n[  impossible1 b h       
already become s ere a hundr$ ye>s 7    
gone4  ,! baffl+ ( "o solution implies  
!re=e no triumph ( ano!r2  & if !       
tradition on :i* we /& be insecure1 our 
position is  n improv$ by clipp+ ! w+s (
 e adv5tur\s hypo!sis on  :i* we _h     
?\ght to escape ! common gr\nd4    ,our 
au?or _c !n *ange ! v5ue ( ! great      
,*ri/ian cause  f ! fir/ c5tury to !    
?ird1 &1 on ! evid5ce pres5t !re1  give 
ev5 prelim9>y judgm5t4 ,! conflict      
betwe5 ! new religion  & ! old :i*      
*>act]iz$ t p]iod1 he pa9ts ) /rik+ &   
tru?ful effect2 &1 contra/+ ! sev]e &   
holy v]acity (  m>tyr$ disciples ) !    
c>eless indiff]5ce ( ,paganism to       
religi\s tru?1 he rightly ref]s !       
sup]iority ( ! ,*ri/ians to  _! fai? 9 a
 ,p]son1 in/ead ( m]e ass5t to an       
,op9ion4 ,is  x1 h[ev]1 correct to reg>d
 ?is z orig9al & exclusive to !         

,gospel1 & to set x on ! =ehead ( !     
,*ur* z ! v m>k (  h] di/9ctive div9ity8
 ,we ?9k n4 ,! same feature is manife/ 9
  ,judaism1 to :i* aga9 x belongs1 n z a
 peculi>ity1 b 9 common  ) e fai? ^:    
,only ,god is ! apo!osis ( humanity4 ,x 
is !  "o gr& moral *>act]i/ic ( g5u9e   
,!ism1 z oppos$ to  ,pan!ism2 r5d]+ x m 
?an ! en?usiasm ( poetry1 !  e>ne/ness (
 philosophy1 ! inspiration ( g5ius1 &   
con/itut+  x1 9 ! deepe/ s5se1          
,religion4 ,nor is ! gr\nd ( ! di/9ction
  f> to seek4 ,religion1 9 its ultimate 
ess5ce1 is a s5tim5t (  ,rev]5ce = a    
,high] ?an ourselves4 ,high] ?an        
ourselves1 h[ev]1  c none be1 t h n :at 
is mo/ augu/ among our end[m5ts2  none1 
!re=e1 by reason ( size1 ( /r5g?1 (     
duration2 none  simply by beauty or by  
skill2 none ev5 by l>g5ess ( disc]n+    
?\ght1 b only by free & realiz+ pref]5ce
 ( ! mo/ ,j &  ,good4 ,a ,be+ ( liv+ ,w 
c alone be nobl] ?an myself1 lift me    
above ! level ( my actual m9d by look+  
at my lat5t nature1 &  emancipate me    

into ! captivity ( wor%ip4 ,9 o!r words1
 rev]5ce  c atta* itself exclusively to 
a ,p]son2 x _c direct itself on  :at is 
imp]sonal1--on physical facts1 on       
unconsci\s laws1 on  necess>y =ces1 on  
inanimate objects & _! relations1 on    
space1  ?\gh x be inf9ite1 on duration1 
?\gh x be et]nal4 ,^! all1  ev5 :5 !y   
rule u1 are l[] ?an ourselves2 !y may   
evade our  k1 defy our p[]1 ov]:elm our 
imag9ation1 b nev] rise to  be our      
equals1 or conspire to furni% ev5 !     
symbol ( our ,god4 ,!  m]e deification (
 ,nature1 ! recognition ( on5ess p]vad+ 
h]  v>iety1 ! s5se ( an absolute gr\nd  
abid+ beh9d h] transi5t  ph5om5a1 may   
supply a fai? adequate to ! awak5+ (    
wond] &  ! appreh5sion ( ideal beauty1 b
 n to ! practical consecration  ( life2 
glorify+ ! univ]se z a temple ( ,art1 b 
rail+ (f  )9 x no oratory ( ,consci5ce4 
,9 ord] to extract any?+ l a  religion (
 conduct f ?is type ( belief1 its       
hi]ophants are  oblig$ to approa* z ne> 
z !y c to ! language ( prop]  ,!ism1 & n

 ev5 despise typographical aid = pu%+   
p]sonification to ! v]ge ( p]sonality2  
utt]+ v>i\s w>n+s  n to neglect !       
int5tions ( ,nature1 or insult !        
,rel5tless  ,v]acities1 & invit+ sundry 
(f5d]s to blu% be=e !  ,et]nal ,p[]s4 ,!
 :ole =ce ( su* expressions is evid5tly 
due to  ! false semblance ( liv+ ?\ght &
 w ) :i* !y clo!  ! conceptions ( m]e   
ab/ract relations or physical t5d5cies4 
,^!  ri* t9ts are no self-color1 b a    
borr[$ light reflect$ f a  gr&] ,pres5ce
 /udi\sly )drawn f view2 & :5 _! gloss  
is  gone1 no positive residuum is f\nd1 
b a doctr9e ( hope & fe>1  )\t any      
elem5t ( ,duty4 ,x 7 a mock]y1 an       
inanity1 to bid a man  sp5d 8 affections
 on hypo/atiz$ laws t nei!r "k nor answ]
  him4 ,9 8 crimes1 x is n ! heavy irons
 ( 8 prison1 b !  deep eye ( 8 judge1 f 
:i* he %r9ks2 & 9 8 rep5tance he  weeps1
 n ^u ! lap ( ,nature1 b at ! feet (    
,god4 ,9 8  allegiance1 8 v[ is made1 n 
to ! c]ta9ty ( facts1 b to !  maje/y (  
,"r1 & ! au?ority ( an ,inf9itely ,j2 & 

8 acts  ( tru/ are direct$ by no means  
to ! /ead9ess ( creation's ways1  b to !
 fai?fulness ( a p]fect ,m9d4 ,9 %ort1  
all ! s5tim5ts  *>act]i/ic ( religion   
presuppose a ,p]sonal ,object1 & ass]t  
_! p[] only :]e ,manhood is ! type (    
,godhead4 ,?is condition  0 import$1 or 
r cont9u$1 f ! ,hebrew to ! ,*ri/ian    
sy/em2 & br\ght ) x ! dev\t loyalty (   
he>t1 ! s+l5ess  ( s]vice1 !            
incorruptible h]oism ( endurance1 :i* _h
  enc\nt]$ ,antio*us ,epiphanes at      
,j]usalem1 z x n[ met ,pl9y 9  ,bi?ynia1
 & ,quadratus at ,smyrna4 ,! ,paganism (
 ! ,empire1 on !  o!r h&1 fail$ entirely
 ( ?is condition4 ,x 0 a m]e            
nature-wor%ip1 expressive ( ! political 
dynamics by :i*1 ?r\gh  ! aw>d ( a      
my/]i\s necessity1 ,rome _h become !    
c5tre ( !  _w4 ,if1 among ! deities ^:  
congress 0 n[ assembl$ on !  ,tib]1 !re 
7 any :i* once1 9 _! indig5\s seats1 _h 
comm&$ ! full moral fai?1 & t\*$ ! true 
!i/ic devotion1  ( a p1 t "t _h pass$2 &
 ! conqu]$ tribes suff]$ a  m fatal loss

 :5 ! victori\s city adopt$ _! religion1
 ?an  :5 %e cru%$ _! lib]ty4 ,remov$ to 
,rome1 ! rites ( a  prov9cial wor%ip    
express$ no?+ except t its gods 7 gods  
no  m1 b _h desc5d$ f div9e mon>*ic     
rights to a place among a  p5sion$      
hi]>*y4 ,vanqui%$ div9ities inevitably  
become delegat$  p[]s ( nature1 & resign
 _! sceptre to ! sov]eign !y are        
compell$ to own4 ,z ! adm9i/ration ( !  
,empire embrac$ a  cong]ies ( *eck$     
nationalities1 s did its pan!on include 
a  collection ( ext+ui%$ religions4     
,:ile z ,imp]ator ! head ( !  /ate 0 !  
embodim5t ( its unity by natural =ce1 z 
,divus he  repres5t$ its unity by       
pret]natural sanction2 & ! div9e honors 
paid to him 7 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( a         
necessity m ?an human 9  ! culm9at+     
maje/y ( ,rome4 ,^! honors w\ld be      
freely r5d]$  to him by ^? :o look$ on  
all realiz$ exi/5ce1 on ev]y?+  *>g$ )  
=ce en\gh to come up & be1 z equally    
decre$ by !  ,et]nal ,p[]s1--equally    
div9e4 ,su* homage w\ld appe> to !m !   

m]e expression ( a fact1 & a graceful   
own+ ( my/]i\s fates 9  its production2 
& no scruple c\ld )hold !m f an act :i* 
contradict$ no?+ 9 _! m9d1 & did b fl+ a
 brea? ( pi\s  inc5se ar\nd ! ?+ t      
v]itably 04 ,x 7 absurd to expect  !    
prote/ ( a m>tyr f a man ^: religion y  
_c contradict2  :o w see a ,god :]ev] y 
ask him2 & ^: wor%ip ass]ts  no?+ b t1 a
 ph5om5on be+ !re1 an occult p[] is     
beh9d  x4 ,a fai? ( ?is sort is         
defici5t1 z an ,hegelian w\ld say1 9 !  
mom5t ( negation2 x is all unob/ruct$   
affirmation1 & c  /rike no light because
 x ?us f9ds no?+ to da% itself aga9/4   
,b let ! div9e elem5t 9 ! univ]se cease 
to be imp]sonal &  imp>tially coalesc5t 
) ! :ole1 let x live an ,individual     
,m9d1  & ! requisite antagonism         
imm$iately appe>s4 ,to ! ,jew1 !  wor%ip
 ( ,cs> w\ld be no o!r ?an high treason 
to ,jehovah1 ^:  tool1 ^: :ip ( lightn+1
 & ^: cup ( consolation ! ,pagan        
,emp]or might become2 b ^: emblem &     
inc>nation he c\ld s  little be1 t he r 

/ood defiantly at ! head ( ! oppos+     
realm1 &1 ev5 :5 =c$ to be ! organ1 did 
n cease to be !  competitor ( ,god4 ,=  
oppos+ realm !re mu/ be1 :]ev] prop]    
,!ism exi/s4 ,man feels t 8 p]sonal     
attributes1 8 w1 8  "*1 8 consci5ce1    
dem& conflict = _! condition1 &  )\t !  
possibility ( ill c\ld nev] be2 & :5 he 
c>ries !m  out into ! inf9ite region1 to
 s]ve z 8 image ( ! ,highe/1 !y  be> )  
!m ! insep>able %ad[ ( evil1 & give x   
place 9 !  univ]se1 z ! d>kness 9 ^:    
abs5ce light w\ld want its  di/9ction1 !
 privative )\t :i* ! beauty ( hol9ess 7 
no?+ positive4 ,h5ce1 express$ or       
unexpress$1 a dualism m+les  ) all g5u9e
 !i/ic fai?4 ,all is n div9e = x4 ,x has
 a  devil's prov9ce some:]e4 ,face to   
face1 z ,ebal to ,g]izim1 ! fr[n  (     
blight$ rock to ! smile ( v]dant        
heights1--ho/ile z ! prie/  ( falsehood 
to ! true prophet1--!re /& contra/$ 9   
?is cre$  two doma9s ( ! _w1--"o        
surr5d]$ to insurg5t p[]s1 !  o!r res]v$
 z ! nurs+ gr\nd f :i* "r & tru? %all be

  spread4 ,to ! ,hebrew1 ! ,pagan _w 0  
giv5 ov] to a false  allegiance1 &      
inspir$ ) diabolical delusions4 ,= him  
to sacrifice  to ! g5ius ( ,cs>1 w\ld h 
be51 !re=e1 a des]tion to !  enemies (  
,god1 =bidd5 by e claim ( fai?fulness & 
v]acity4  ,?us we conceive t ! moral    
conditions ( ! m>tyrs' prote/  aga9/    
idol-wor%ips 7 complete )9 ! limits (   
,judaism be=e  ! mission ( ,*ri/2 & t ! 
ess5ce ( x lies1 n 9 !  exclusive       
*>act]i/ics ( ! ,gospel1 b 9 ! diff]5ce 
betwe5  ,!i/ic rev]5ce = a ,p]sonal     
,be+1 & ! ,pan!i/ic  ackn[l$gm5t ( an   
imp]sonal div95ess4 ,! peculi> function 
(  ,*ri/ianity 9 ?is respect 0 to become
 mission>y to ! _w (  ?is h]oic fidelity
 transmitt$ f ! p>5t fai?1 & hi!rto     
b\nd$ by its limits2 & to f9d a place 9 
! univ]sal consci5ce  ( civiliz$ nations
 = ! duty ( be>+ te/imony1 ?\gh )       
tortures & dea?1 to ! pricelessness (   
tru? & ! sanctity (  conviction4 ,true x
 is t ! ,gospel 0 qualifi$ = ?is (fice  
by  direct+ human fai? ^u a ,p]son2 &   

w\ld h ex]cis$ no su*  p[]1 _h x be5 a  
m]e philosophy pres5t+ propositions =   
ass5t1  in/ead ( a ,liv+ ,m9d = tru/ &  
rev]5ce4 ,b ?is condition  w\ld h be5   
atta9$ by ! simple ext5sion ( ! ,jewi%  
,!ism4  ,! ,p]sonality1 :i* is ne$$ z a 
c5tre ( int5se fealty &  affection1 is  
f\nd 9 ! ,god ( ,hebrew tradition1 &1 = 
its effects  9 k9dl+ a m>tyr c\rage &   
con/ancy1 did n require to be s\ght  9 !
 hi/orical ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,he1 no    
d\bt1 z ! m$iate  expression ( !        
,supreme ,w1 z ! ,be+ ) :om ! ,*ur* /ood
  9 direct contact1 z ! pres5ce ( !     
,div9e 9 ! ,human1 0 !  object ( !      
disciples' actual allegiance4 ,we d n 9 
! lea/  "q ?is z a fact1 b only z a     
necessity1 ere we c acc\nt  = ! moral   
features ( a m>tyr age4    ,9 s+l+ out1 
z "o ( ! gr&e/ practical results (      
,*ri/ianity1 ! recognition x has obta9$ 
= ! obligations (  religi\s tru?1 our   
au?or has rightly seiz$ a *>act]i/ic    
di/9ction ( mod]n f anci5t society4 ,!  
pr9ciple is a real  ag5cy ( ! fir/ ord] 

9 hi/ory2 we d n accuse him (  ov]rat+  
its importance1 b ( mi/ak+ its g5ealogy4
 ,& n[ we  mu/ add1 t if we diff] f him 
z to ! s\rce :5ce x comes1  we diff]    
/ill m z to ! issues :i!r x conducts4 ,s
  inconsid]ately does he all[ himself to
 be borne away by 8  evangelical zeal1 t
 he claims = ! ,gospel1 n only ! glory (
  fir/ reveal+1 b ! exclusive "r ( ev]  
practis+1 !  duties ( religi\s v]acity4 
,none b hi/orical believ]s h !  lea/    
title to atta* any sacr$ness to _!      
convictions1 or to feel  any hesitation 
ab\t d5y+ !m4 ,:at bus9ess h ! au?ors ( 
! ,phases ( ,fai?1 & ! ,cre$ (          
,*ri/5dom1 to any bett]  morality (     
belief ?an ,gallio or ,lucian8 ,if !y h 
n fall5 back  into ! ,pagan             
indiff]5tism1 !y ought to h done s1 &   
our  au?or w cont9ue v indignant till !y
 d4 ,he is (f5d$ )  ,mr4 ,newman = ask+ 
judgm5t on 8 argum5t & himself1 z be=e  
! b> ( ,god2 & ) ,mr4 ,greg = say+ t1 9 
! process (  *ang+ *]i%$ beliefs1 !     
pursuit ( tru? is a daily  m>tyrdom1 & =

 giv+ honor to ^? :o enc\nt] x1 sadd5$1 
weep+1 trembl+1 b unfl9*+ /ill6 ,& he is
 n a%am$ to  decl>e t ! guileless       
v]acity :i* 9 himself w\ld be a  m>tyr's
 con/ancy1 w\ld be 9 ano!r an ov]we5+   
conceit4 ,s  a/oni%+1 logically &       
e?ically1 are 8 /atem5ts on ?is         
subject1 & s curi\sly d !y det]m9e 8    
intellectual position1  t we mu/ pres5t 
!m 9 8 own words3--    ,we ,*ri/ian m5 (
 ?is age1 along ) our v5]at$ m>tyr      
bre?r5 ( ! anci5t ,*ur*1 9 mak+ ?is     
pr(ession1--t we  may n lie to ,god1 nor
 d5y be=e m5 our inw>d conviction 9     
matt]s ( religion2 we 7z !y did7 affirm 
t :i* is consi/5t  )9 itself1 & :i*1 9 !
 :ole ext5t ( its mean+1 is  c]ta9 & is 
reasonable1 grant u only our initial    
po/ulate1 t  ,*ri/ianity is f heav54    
,b h[ is x1 :5 ?is same solemn av]m5t   
comes f ! lips (  ^? :o d5y t po/ulate1 
& :o scorn to recognize ! voice (  ,god 
9 ! ,,book8 ,x is j ?us2 & ^? :om x     
conc]ns s to d1  owe x to ! _w & to     
!mselves to make ! +5u\s av[al4    ,9 ! 

fir/ place1 ! /yle & ! v t]ms employ$ by
 ^!  writ]s 9 en\nc+ ! fact ( ! m>tyrdom
 !y are und]go+1  are all a flagrant    
plagi>ism1 & no?+ bett]6 ,a claim1 9    
behalf  ( ! ,gospel1 mu/ be made ( :at  
is its own1 & :i* ^!  writ]s1 )\t leave 
ask$1 h appropriat$4 ,z to e ^w &       
phrase ^u :i* ! significance ( ?is _!   
pr(ession turns1 x  mu/ be giv5 up1     
leav+ !m 9 possession ( s mu* only ( !  
mean+ ( su* phrases z w\ld h be5        
intelligible to ,,plut>*1  to           
,,porphyry1 & to ,m4 ,,aurelius4 ,a     
surr5d] mu/ be made ( ! words           
,,consci5ce1 & ,,tru?1 & ,,righte\sness1
 & ,,s92 &1 alas6 mod]n  unbeliev]s mu/ 
be *all5g$ to give me back t ,,"o       
awe-fraught  ,,"n :i* !y 7mu/ ,i n      
pla9ly say s87 h /ol5 out ( !  ,,book2  
:5 !y h frankly made ?is l>ge surr5d]1  
we may return  to !m !   ( classical    
antiquity4    ,yet ?is plagi>ism1 z to  
t]ms1 is ! small] "p ( t invasion  (    
rights ) :i* ! same p]sons are *>geable4
 ,x is reasonable1  & x is :at a good   

man mu/ d1 to suff] any?+ r ?an d5y  a  
p]suasion1 :i* is su* t he c\ld n1 if he
 w\ld1 ca/ x (f4  ,s x 0 ) ! e>ly       
,*ri/ian m>tyrs2 _! p]suasion ( !  tru? 
( ! ,gospel _h become "p ( !mselves2 x 0
 fai?  absolute1 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w4
 ,! same degree (  irresi/ible p]suasion
 atta*es to ! conclusions ( ma!matical  
or  physical sci5ce2 b x c nev] belong  
to an op9ion1 or to an  undef9$ ab/ract 
belief4 ,a man may inde$ *oose to die r 
?an  contradict 8 p]sonal p]suasion ( ! 
tru? ( an op9ion2 b 9  do+ s he has no  
"r to take to himself ! m>tyr's /yle4 ,s
 to  speak is to exhibit1 n con/ancy1 b 
op9ionativ5ess1 or an  ov]we5+ confid5ce
 9 8 own reason+ faculty4    ,polyc>p   
c\ld n h refus$ to die :5 ! only        
alt]native 0  to blaspheme ,,*ri/1 8    
,"l2 b ,plut>* c\ld n h be5  requir$ to 
suff] 9 atte/ation ( 8 op9ion1--good z x
  01--t ! poets h done ill 9 attribut+ !
 passions & !  p]turbations ( human     
nature to ! immortal gods2 nor ,s5eca1 9
  behalf ( ^? a/ronomical &             

meteorological !ories ) :i* he  ent]ta9s
 himself & 8 fri5d ,lucilius4    ,:5 ^? 
:o1 aft] reject+ ,*ri/ianity1 talk (    
suff]+ = !  'tru? ( ,god1' & speak z if 
!y 7 consci5ce-b\nd 't[>d ,god1'  !y mu/
 "k t !y n only borr[ a language :i* !y 
are n  entitl$ to avail !mselves (1 b t 
!y invade a gr\nd (  religi\s belief    
:]eon !y c e/abli% = !mselves no "r (   
/&+4 ,!y may inde$ pr(ess :at op9ion !y 
please z to !  ,div9e attributes2 b !y  
_c ne$ to be told t :i* !  misgiv+s ( _!
 own he>ts s (t5 :isp] to !m1 t all su* 
op9ions are1 at ! v be/1 op5 to debate1 
& mu/ always be  indet]m9ate1 & t at ?is
 "t _! own possession ( ! op9ion  :i* j 
n[ !y happ5 to cl+ to1 is1 9 ! la/      
degree1  prec>i\s4 ,h[ !n c m>tyrdom be 
transact$ among ^? ^:  tread+ is ^u !   
fleecy cl\ds ( undemon/rable religi\s   
feel+8--pp4 #ib-id    ,if1 be+ or?odox1 
y die at ! /ake1 y are a m>tyr2 if1 be+ 
h]etic1--:y1 !n y are a man burnt2--a   
doctr9e :i* ,rob]t ,hall  compress$ )9 !
 n>r[e/ compass1 :5 he said1 ,x is !    

sa9t :i* makes ! m>tyr1 n ! m>tyr !     
sa9t4 ,?is is !  v ,gospel ( intol]ance2
 & :oev] prea*es x may feel assur$  t he
 c l5d no help 9 any wor?y ,re/oration (
 ,belief2 = he  is himself infect$ ) !  
mo/ pr(\nd & p5etrat+ (                 
scepticisms1--scepticisms ( moral       
realities4 ,! rule1 t we may  n lie to  
,god1 nor d5y be=e m5 our inw>d         
conviction 9 matt]s  ( religion1 is1 9  
our au?or's view1 ! gift & glory (      
,*ri/ianity4 ,be x s4 ,?is rule ei!r    
holds = all m5 at all  times1 or x does 
n2 if !re be p]sons :o1 not)/&+ x1  may 
lie to ,god1 & d5y _! inw>d conviction1 
!n !  ,scriptures1 9 communicat+ x1 h   
reveal$ no univ]sal pr9ciple  ( duty1 no
 obligation hav+ its seat 9 ! nature (  
?+s & !  con/itution ( ! human s\l1 b a 
m]e sectional by-law1 an  arbitr>y      
precept = ! security & good ord]+ ( "o  
exclusive  community4 ,!n mu/ we talk ( 
x no m s exce$+ly pr\dly1 z  if x 7 a   
hidd5 tru? reveal$1 a lat5t beauty op5$2
 x is no  "p ( ! holy legislation ( !   

univ]se1 b a /atutory  enactm5t "u :i*  
we fall1 or f :i* we escape1 z we pass 9
  or out at ! door ( a c]ta9 hi/orical  
belief4 ,ne$ we say t  ?is side ( !     
alt]native /rips ,*ri/ianity ( e        
pret5sion  to be a moral revelation at  
all8 ,if1 to take ! o!r side1 ! rule  9 
"q does hold = all m51 !n x is no less  
b9d+ on ,mr4  ,newman & ,mr4 ,greg ?an  
on our au?or2 & 9 b[+ to its au?ority  &
 own+ its sanctity1 !y r5d] a homage z  
dev\tly true z 81  only diff]5t 9 ?is1  
t1 :ile !y feel no di/urbance f 8       
kneel+ 9 ! sanctu>y at _! side1 he _c be
 at peace till he  has sprung to 8 feet 
& hurl$ !m f ! place4 ,!y are guilty  ( 
plagi>ism =soo?6 ,& 9 :at8 ,9 kn[+ _!   
duty1 )\t  kn[+ :]e !y le>n$ x6 ,o %ame 
^u ?is gre$9ess1 t  w\ld turn moral tru?
 itself1 & /ruggl+ aspiration1 into a   
prop]ty6 ,z if ,*ri/ 7 "o to /& ^u !    
copyright (  revelation1 &1 unless 8 "n 
7 9 ! title-page1 w\ld suff]  nei!r     
?\ght nor pray] to d$icate itself to    
,god6 ,our au?or1 z  public prosecutor 9

 ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 dem&s t ! def5dants  
%all empty !mselves out ( e e>ne/       
s5tim5t1 & surr5d]  back ! words        
,,consci5ce1 & ,,tru?1 & ,,righte\sness1
 & ,,s91 &  ,,god1 z /ol5 f ! ,,book6   
,:at !n 0 ! ,book giv5 =1  b t x might  
freely furni% ^!8--& h[ bett] c x fulfil
  its end1 ?an by op5+ = !m a sacr$     
welcome :]ev] !  ?+s are :i* !y         
disclose8 ,let _! _s brea! :]e x  li/e?2
 x w n be less a ,holy ,_s t we "k n    
:5ce x  come?3 nor let x be =got h[ old 
a feature ( evangelic bless+  x is1 t he
 t 0 heal$ wi/ n :o x 04 ,z ! ,book     
does n1 by its pres5ce1 create ! facts  
:i* x reveals1 s  nei!r does its abs5ce 
or rejection de/roy !m4 ,consci5ce1 z   
an elem5t ( human nature1 does n come or
 g1--,god1 z reality 9  ! univ]se1 does 
n live or p]i%1--accord+ z ! ,bible is  
kept  9 ! pocket or laid ^u ! %elf2 ev5 
if _! fir/ witness  7 9 ,scripture1 !y  
!mselves are 9 ! _w1--z active1 z  ne>1 
z c]ta91 9 ! transactions ( to-day1 z 9 
! affairs (  di/ant hi/ory4 ,sci5tific  

tru?1 once well asc]ta9$1 c take  c>e ( 
itself1 )\t be+ ev]y:]e att5d$ by !     
report ( its  fir/ discov]y2 x is 9 !   
safe keep+ ( ! objects on :i* x  writes 
a new mean+1 & ! ph5om5a amid :i* x     
introduces a  fre% symmetry4 ,& moral   
tru?1 :5 once embodi$ & reveal$1 is  n  
less indep5d5t ( its e>lie/ expression2 
x f9ds its response  9 human            
consci\sness1 its reflection f human    
life1 & weaves  itself up into ! v      
fabric ( _m s\ls1 ^: patt]n be>s no     
motto ( its orig94 ,?us revelation--j 9 
proportion z x is  revelation1 & tells u
 :at is cognate to ourselves1 & b\nd up 
) ! realities ar\nd u--passes (         
necessity into natural  religion2 &     
precisely accord+ to ! measure 9 :i* x  
does s1  w x acquire /r5g? & p]man5ce1 &
 disp5se ) evid5ce by  m]g+ into        
self-evid5ce4 ,did x awak5 9 u no       
confirm+  exp]i5ce1 did x n[h]e l9k     
itself ) ! visible sy/em (  ?+s1--!n1   
solv+ no?+1 glorify+ no?+1 miss$ by all 
!  mov+ indices ( nature & ,provid5ce1 x

 w\ld sit ap>t1 &  become incr$ible4 ,t 
c\ld h>dly be a tru? at all1 :i*1 aft]  
roam+ ! _w & se>*+ ! s\l = eighte5      
c5turies1 has  f\nd no natural gr\nd on 
:i* to re/1 & mu/ w&] z an  ipse dixit  
/ill4 ,& if natural gr\nd x has acquir$1
 t is  surely a prop] basis = its pres5t
 support2 x may innoc5tly cease  to be  
held on m]e au?ority2 ! v plagi>ism s   
vehem5tly  d5\nc$ is r ! fulfilm5t ?an !
 de/ruction ( ! fai?1  = x is only t m5 
no long] resort to an oracle = ?+s :i*  
! oracle has enabl$ !m to see =         
!mselves4    ,our ,*ri/ian advocate1    
h[ev]1 is n cont5t ) res]v+ to 8  side !
 sole p[] ( disc]n+ ! duty ( religi\s   
v]acity2 he  fur!r claims ! sole "r to  
practise x4 ,he tea*es t x is  n b9d+ on
 all m5 at all times2 & t its obligation
 is 9  any case conditional on ! initial
 po/ulate1 t ,*ri/ianity is  f heav54   
,he ?9ks1 app>5tly1 t ! duty is n s mu* 
reveal$ z con/itut$ by ! ,gospel1 s z to
 h no exi/5ce  beyond ! pale4 ,we c     
collect f 8 words two consid]ations1  "u

 ^: influ5ce he seems to pron\nce ?is   
/range judgm5t4 ,he  evid5tly assumes t 
! duty ( v]aci\s pr(ession is cont+5t   
p>tly on ! object-matt] ( belief2 p>tly 
on ! degree (  evid5ce4 ,if my fai? is  
direct$ t[>ds a ,p]son1 !n1 he  implies1
 !re is trea*]y1 ev5 blasphemy1 9 d5y+  
x2 b if  n1 my disclaim] gives no "o any
 title to compla91 & ,i _c be  expect$  
to die on behalf ( a proposition4       
,polyc>p mu/ n r5\nce  ,*ri/1 8 ,"l2 b  
,plut>* might v prop]ly recant1 )\t at  
all alt]+1 8 judgm5t aga9/ ! poets1 =   
ascrib+ passions  to ! gods4 ,is x s1   
inde$8 ,!n !re is no h>m 9 a lie1 unless
  "s "o is betray$ or insult$ by x      
besides ! he>]s :om we  deceive1--& we  
may report z falsely z we please our    
p]suasion  ab\t ?+s1 provid$ we are true
 to our s5tim5ts ab\t  p]sons8 ,) full  
recollection ( ! que/ionable v]dicts1 on
  problems ( v]acity1 :i* are giv5 by   
,x5ophon & ,plato1 ,ari/otle  & ,cic]o1 
we d\bt :e!r any ,pagan morali/ c be    
quot$ 9 favor  ( a doctr9e s unwor?y z  

?is4 ,! au?or seems to imag9e t  !      
obligation to speak ! tru? is a m]e duty
 ( p]sonal  affection2 & t 9 ! abs5ce ( 
?is elem5t1 its claims  altoge!r        
disappe>4 ,id5tify+ falsehood )         
detraction &  +ratitude1 he concludes t1
 s9ce an ab/ract !ory is ins5sible  to  
:at p say ab\t x1 & c h no s]vices ow+  
to x1 x  may be blamelessly repudiat$ by
 ^? :o really believe x4 ,?is is        
tantam\nt to an expung+ ( v]acity f !   
li/ ( human duties  altoge!r2 = x gives 
importance to :at is purely accid5tal1 &
  slights :at is alone ess5tial to x4 ,!
 conditions ( a lie1 9 all  its         
full-bl[n wick$ness1 are q complete1 :5 
!re is a p]son  to speak x1 a p]son to  
he> x1 & a social /ate to be ! !atre  ( 
! deception2 %\ld !re be also a p]son   
spok5 (1 t is a  circum/ance 9 no way   
requisite to con/itute ! guilt1 b a     
supplem5t>y condition1 fl++ 9 a new     
elem5t ( pravity1 &  turn+ falsehood    
into fai?lessness4 ,! introduction ( ?is
  additional p]son into ! case may      

d\btless r5d] ! (f5ce mu*  m flagrant1  
especially if he be "o :o has ackn[l$g$ 
claims on  gratitude & rev]5ce4 ,calumny
 & p]fidy are ju/ly held 9 deep]        
abhorr5ce ?an equivocation un/a9$ )     
malignity4 ,b to be  unaffect$ by !     
crim9ality till x k9dles ) ?is          
diabolical  gl>e1 & n ev5 to believe 9 x
 unless x smells sulphur\s &  burns r$1 
betrays a p]ception too mu* accu/om$ to 
melodramatic  contra/s ( repres5tation  
to appreciate ! m delicate t9ts &  f9]  
moral lights ( ! real & op5 day4 ,& s f>
 f ! glory  ( m>tyrdom be+ height5$ by !
 pres5ce ( deep p]sonal  affection z its
 inspiration1 ?is v circum/ance r5d]s ! 
act a  less ardu\s sacrifice2 j z to    
fall 9 ! hot blood ( battle may  ne$    
less h]oism ( w1 ?an to die "u ! knife  
^u !  surgeon's table4 ,9 proportion z !
 d5ial ( ,*ri/ 9 ! h\r (  trial w\ld be 
! m intol]able blasphemy1 mu/ !         
temptation to  x be less ov]:elm+1 & !  
m]it ( a good confession less  amaz+4 ,&
 ^? :o1 9 matt]s t\*+ no su* deep       

affection1  c yet be true1--^? :o1 9    
simple cle>ness ( consci5ce1 c  disp5se1
 if ne$ be1 ) ! help ( en?usiasm1 & s   
%ut _!  lips aga9/ a lie1 t n ! se>+    
iron c op5 !m1--^?  :o d n want a gr&   
occasion1 b j z c]ta9ly use !  smalle/1 
to fl+ back ! ?+ t is n1--h assur$ly a  
s\l  ( high] pr[ess & m sev]ely prov$   
fidelity to ,god4 ,& x is  a he>tless ?+
 to turn r\nd ^u ^! m51 & taunt !m )    
hav+ no "o at ^: feet to lay _! (f]+1 & 
no popul>  sympa?y to r$eem _!          
uprightness f ! imputation ( conceit4   
,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r consid]ation :i*  
weighs ) our au?or 9  grant+ to mod]n   
unbeliev]s a disp5sation f ! duty (     
religi\s v]acity4 ,!y h only a p]sonal  
p]suasion re/+ on  prec>i\s gr\nds1 & n 
! c]titude atta*+ to ! conclusions  (   
ma!matical & physical sci5ce2 & x w\ld  
be folly to suff]  on behalf (          
undemon/rable religi\s feel+6 ,are we !n
 to lay x  d[n z a canon 9 e?ics1 t     
int5sity ( assurance is ! measure (  our
 obligation to speak ! tru?1--s t we are

 to /ate our  c]ta9ties correctly1 b may
 tell lies ab\t our d\bts8 ,if s1       
scrupul\s fidelity is incumb5t on u only
 )9 ! limits (  d$uctive sci5ce & (     
imm$iate p]sonal obs]vation2 & 9 !      
great sph]e ( human affairs1 9 matt]s ( 
hi/orical1 moral1 &  political judgm5t1 
nay1 9 ! incipi5t /age ( all k1 we may  
say & unsay1 may play fa/ & loose ) our 
convictions1 accord+  z ! favor or ! fe>
 ( m5 hangs ov] u4 ,newton 0 b\nd to /& 
by 8 ,pr9cipia2 b ,locke might h r5\nc$ 
8 treatise on  ,gov]nm5t & tak5 8 oa? to
 ! div9e rights ( k+s6 ,7 he  inde$ to  
refuse s easy a compliance1 x w\ld be a 
great reflection  ^u 8 mode/y2 = if a   
man1 on be+ ?reat5$ ) dea?1 w n  belie 8
 own p]suasion ( probable tru?1 he is   
*>geable )  ov]we5+ confid5ce 9 8 own   
reason+ faculty6 ,x is happy =  ! _w t x
 does n always except ! morals ( !      
,*ur*1 b  br+s an unp]v]t$ feel+ to     
correct ! twi/$ logic ( belief4         
,op9ion1 a wise man has said1 is b k 9 !
 mak+2 &  h[ little k w\ld get made1 if 

op9ion 7 empti$ ( its  consci5ce1 &     
look$ on itself z an egotism r ?an a    
tru/6 ,if  !re is "o fruit (            
intellectual culture :i* m ?an ano!r    
dignifies & ennobles x1 x is ! scrupul\s
 rev]5ce x tra9s =  ! smalle/ reality1  
its wat*fulness = ! e>lie/ promise (    
tru?1 its t5d] c>e ( e /am5 9 ! blossom+
 ( ?\ght1  f ^: fl[]-du/ ! se$ ( a ri*] 
futurity may gr[4 ,to cut  aga9/ ?is f9e
 v]aci\s s5se ) ! weapons ( unappreciat+
  s>casm1 & cru% its objects into !     
gr\nd z we$s ) ! heel (  or?odox scorn1 
is a feat :i* c advance ! /ep ( ,*ri/ian
  evid5ce only by betray+ ! ,*ri/ian    
e?ics4 ,our au?or has  entangl$ himself 
9 ! metaphor indicat$ by ! ^w m>tyrdom2 
he ?9ks ( ! confessor z be>+ witness to 
some?+1--:i* is  inde$ q true2 &        
supposes t ! ?+s to :i* he be>s  witness
 mu/ be ! facts or doctr9es held by him2
 & ?is is n  true at all4 ,= t :i* we   
atte/ 9 ! h\r ( p]secution is  simply   
our own /ate ( m9d2 our belief1 & n !   
object believ$4  ,we are requir$ to utt]

 words1 or to p]=m acts1 t %all give    
report ( our p]suasion2 ?is p]suasion is
 a fact 9 our p]sonal  psy*ology ab\t   
:i* !re is no ambiguity2 :i*1 z a       
pres5ce 9  our consci\sness1 is :olly   
unaffect$ by ! "q h[ x got  !re1 & by   
:at logical t5ure x holds its seat4     
,:e!r we h  demon/rat$ x into ! m9d or  
fet*$ x ?i!r 9 a dream1 :e!r  we _h x   
ye/]day or %all cont9ue to h x to-morr[1
 are matt]s  9 no way alt]+ ! fact t x  
is !re2 & if we say ,no to x1  :ile     
consci\s ( a ,yes1 ! s9 is nei!r great] 
:5 ! belief  conc]ns ! prop]ties ( a    
geometric solid1 nor less :5 x t\*es  "s
 indet]m9ate problem ( metaphysics4 ,!  
logical gr\nd ( our  judgm5ts is v>i\s  
)\t end1--p]ception1 te/imony1 reason+1 
9  e possible comb9ation4 ,b !          
p]suasion1 once atta9$1 is a  simple    
ph5om5on1 ^: affirmation1 or d5ial1 be+ 
always positively  true1 _c *ange its   
moral complexion ) e %ade 9 !  evid5ce  
n[ left beh9d4 ,x is pla9 t1 9 our      
au?or's favorite  case ( m>tyrdom1 no   

te/imony c\ld be borne by ! ,*ri/ian to 
any?+ b 8 own conviction4 ,polyc>p &    
,cyprian c\ld only answ]  9 ! face (    
dea?1 t !y 7 ,*ri/ians2 x 0 n on behalf 
( any outw>d fact1 b simply because !y  
w\ld n belie _!  inw>d belief1 t !y laid
 d[n _! lives4 ,& _h ,plut>* be5  dragg$
 be=e "s an?ropomorphi/ inquisition1 &  
be5 call$ on  publicly to decl>e 8      
belief t ! immortal gods 7 well &  truly
 pa9t$ by ! poets z hav+ passions l     
mank9d1 ! lie to  :i* he 0 tempt$ w\ld h
 be5 precisely ( ! same k9d2 & _h  x    
pass$ 8 lips1 w\ld h made him despicable
 z an apo/ate4 ,he  _h no p[]1 nor _h ! 
,*ur* confessor1 ov] ! tru? or evid5ce  
( 8 op9ion2 nei!r ( !m _h any witness1 9
 ! /rict s5se1  to be>2 b bo? might     
v]aci\sly scorn to d5y a fact           
unambigu\sly  pres5t to _! self-k4 ,if !
 hea!n's firmness is an example  (      
ov]we5+ confid5ce 9 8 own reason+       
faculty1 by :at  favor+ diff]5ce does ! 
,*ri/ian's escape ! same imputation8  ,t
 8 fai? is absolute1 8 p]suasion        

irresi/ible1 s f> f  furni%+ a          
v9dication1 only av[s ! fact t 8        
confid5ce is  int5se2 :e!r x be ov]we5+ 
too1 mu/ dep5d on ! proportion  betwe5 !
 c]titude he feels & ! gr\nds ( j       
assurance he  possesses4 ,b at all ev5ts
 x is a confid5ce--9 ?is case z 9 !     
o!r--und5iably repos$ 9 8 own reason+   
faculty4 ,h[ else  c\ld any             
belief--except a gr\ndless belief--rea* 
! conv]t's m9d  at all8 ,x is va9 to    
pret5d t ! receiv]s ( an hi/oric doctr9e
  plant _! reliance pi\sly on ,god1 :ile
 its reject]s pr\dly tru/  !mselves4    
,!re is no less subjective action ( !   
m9d on !  positive side ?an on !        
negative2 & on ! s\ndness ( t action    
does ! wor? ( ! result 9 ei!r in/ance   
dep5d4 ,! evid5ce on  bo? sides comes   
into ! same c\rt ( criticism2 & plead+ &
  c\nt]-plead+ mu/ ask a he>+ f ! same  
judicial intellig5ce4  ,if our au?or    
ref]s ! ,gospels to ! fir/ c5tury1 & 8  
oppon5ts  to ! second2 if he f9ds a     
miracle 9 ! gift ( tongues1 !y a        

delusion2 if he ?9ks t ! reason+ out ( !
 ,old ,te/am5t 9  ! ,new is exegetically
 & logically s\nd1 !y t x is 9 bo?      
respects uns\nd2--is he n conc]n$ ) !   
same topics1 conduct+  ! same processes1
 liable to ! same mi/ak5 e/imates1 z !y8
 ,h[  !n c he flatt] himself t ! same ?+
 is believ$ on "o  t5ure1 & disbeliev$  
on q ano!r8 ,h[ affect1 ev5 :ile play+  
! advocate1 to be rais$ above !         
cont+5cies ( ! reason+  faculty1 &      
entitl$ to rebuke its pride8 ,h[ r5\nce 
x = himself1  appeal to x = y\r zs5t1   
abuse x = y\r diss5t1 9 !  wayw>d c\rse 
( two or ?ree pages8    ,our au?or /&s1 
!re=e1 9 spite ( e ef=t to escape x1  on
 ! same logical gr\nd z 8 oppon5ts2 &   
!y1 not)/&+  8 objection to _!          
companion%ip1 are on ! same foot+ (     
religi\s obligation ) himself4 ,he is   
(f5d$ to f9d su* a "o  z ,mr4 ,newman on
 ! same sacr$ pavem5t1 & to ov]he> f    
unbeliev+ lips ! g5u9e tones ( pray]2 &1
 ?ank+ ,god1  apprises m5 t he is n z   
?is publican4 ,he prosecutes =  trespass

 all :o1 aft] reject+ 8 ,*ri/ianity1 c  
d>e to  pr(ess allegiance to ! tru? (   
,god1 & speak z if !y 7  consci5ce-b\nd 
t[>ds ,god4 ,are !y !n n s b\nd8 ,has no
  "o a consci5ce except ! approv$       
hi/orical believ]8 ,is x n 9  o!rs also 
a ,div9e voice1--a ,holy ,_s1--:i* to   
resi/ &  /ifle 7 ! true & only          
,infidelity8 ,surely ! fai? 9 ,god1  & !
 e>ne/ acceptance ( ! laws ( duty z !   
expression (  8 au?ority1 are n =bidd5  
to m5 :o _c assume !  disciple's /yle4  
,^! s5tim5ts1 s f> f wait+ on revelation
  = _! possibility1 are ! pre-requisite 
conditions ( all  revelation1 ! /ate (  
m9d to :i* x speaks1 ! secret p[] by    
:i* x f9ds u out2 & if m5 _c be         
consci5ce-b\nd t[>ds  ,god be=e & )\t   
,*ri/ianity1 nev] c !y become s  aft] x 
& ) x4 ,x does n take u up z a!i/s &    
brutes1  & supply u ) ! faculties z well
 z ! sub/ance ( fai?2  else 7 !re no    
m$ium ( suasion across ! b\nd>y (       
unbelief2--b x appeals to u z kn[+ mu* &
 aspir+ to  m1--z already be=e ! face1  

only %r9k+ f ! cle> look  ( ,god1--z    
feel+ ! div9e re/ra9t ^u u ( ju/ice1    
purity1  & tru?1 b unable1 )\t "s       
emancipat+ p[]1 to turn x  into fre$om &
 joy4 ,?is _s ( pr(\nd sympa?y1 n (     
arrogant insult1 t[>ds ! highe/ fai?s & 
affections ( our  nature1 we recognize 9
 ! portraiture & tea*+s ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 
& :5 we f9d "o :o1 l our au?or1 in/ead (
 rejoic+ t  ! sacr$ emb]s ( nature are  
yet w>m1 in/ead ( kneel+ ov]  !m to fan 
!m ) a brea? ( rev]5ce into a flame1    
fl+s !m  ) scatt]+ scorn on ! damp gr\nd
 ( 8 own moral scepticism  to %[ h[     
little !y w burn1--we see rev]s$ 9 !    
,re/or]  ( ,belief ! div9e temp] ( !    
,au?or ( ,fai?4 ,su* a tea*]  w va9ly   
endeavor to recov] by sev]ity ( w>n+ !  
influ5ce  he =feits by want ( sympa?y4  
,he _c fright5 m5 l ,p>k]1  ,newman1    
,greg1 by appeal+ to fanci$ misgiv+s (  
_! own he>ts  respect+ ! prec>i\sness ( 
_! convictions1 & utt]+  dismal         
prophecies ab\t yawn+ gulfs2 :i*1 h[ev] 
al>m+ z a  %udd] ( rhetoric1 c di/urb no

 quiet tru/ 9 reality4 ,let u  he> !    
words1 h[ev]3--    ,educat$ m5 %\ld n   
wait to be rem9d$ t ^? :o1 aft]  ab&on+ 
a p]emptory hi/oric belief1 endeavor to 
reta9 ,fai? &  ,piety = _! com=t1 /& ^u 
a slope t has no l$ges3  ,a!ism 9 its   
simple/ =m yawns to receive ^? :o !re   
/&2  & !y "k !mselves to be gravitat+   
t[>ds x4    ,x w\ld be f> m reasonable =
 a man to die z a m>tyr =  ,a!ism1--a   
/age beyond :i* no fur!r progress is    
possible1--?an  to d s at any po9t %ort 
( t t]m9us1 kn[+ z he does t  e day is  
br++ him ne>] to ! gulf4 ,! /rong] ! m9d
  is1 & ! m x has ( intellectual        
massiv5ess1 ! m rapid  w be its desc5t  
^u ?is declivity4 ,m9ds ( little d5sity1
 &  ( mu* airy s5tim5t1 may /ay long :]e
 !y are1 j z gnats  & flies walk to &   
fro ^u ! honey$ sides ( a *9a vase2 !y  
d n g d[n1 b nev] aga9 w !y fly4--p4    
#id4    ,?is is "o ( ! conv5tional      
m9atory argum5ts :i* betray !  abs5ce ( 
security & repose f ! he>t ( ! receiv$  
!ology2 ^: tea*]s c\ld nev] prop\nd x1  

except f a  position ( consci\s dang]4  
,!y mu/ imag9e 9 _! own case  t1 if !y 7
 to f9d ! ,gospels no long] oracul>1 !y 
w\ld  plunge at once into endless dep?s 
( negation2 & t1 unless !y  c refute an 
int]pretation ( ,de ,wette's1 or correct
 a date (  ,baur's1 !re w be et]nal     
night 9 heav54 ,!y feel ! univ]se1  &   
life1 & love1 & sorr[1 & ! hi/ory (     
times & races  unbaptiz$1 to be all     
a!i/ic ?r\gh & ?r\gh1--pr(ane to !      
core1--untrac$ by a ve/ige1             
untransfigur$ by a color1 ( div9e       
significance4 ,:at !y c ?9k ( a ,be+ :o 
creates all reality  & lives 9 x on ^!  
bl9dfold t]ms1 we w n attempt to        
decide2 b x is no wond] t1 hav+ once    
br\ght !mselves to  believe 9 ,him1 !y  
feel h[ a s+le move w\ld ov]set !m into 
disbelief4 ,?is ?+1 h[ev]1 is true ( _! 
own /ate ( m9d  alone2 ^: spaces1 d>k   
?r\gh\t ) scepticism b = "o  di/ant     
lamp1 might easily be left )\t a ray4 ,x
 is consi/5t  nei!r ) reason nor )      
exp]i5ce to ?reat5 ) ?is rule m5  :o h  

op5$ _! s\ls to some?+ else ?an         
docum5t>y  au?ority4 ,x is notori\sly   
false t ! c>e] ( hi/oric d\bt  usually  
t]m9ates 9 ! loss ( all fai? 9 ,god2 nor
 d we suppose  t our au?or w\ld h aw>d$ 
to ! a!i/1 = actually  rea*+ ?is po9t1 !
 praise ( intellectual massiv5ess1 _h he
  n want$ a heavy weight to slide d[n 8 
metaphorical incl9$  plane1#eg & out/rip
 ! slipp]y believ]s :o try to /op       
half-way4 ,! accusation aga9/ ,!ism1 (  
be+ possible to !  light-m9d$ &         
sup]ficial1--a m]e sweet-bait to entrap 
! silly  insects ( ! intellectual       
_w1--is confut$ by ! :ole hi/ory  (     
philosophy & human culture2 all ^: gr&e/
 names h  connect$ !mselves ) !         
recognition ( a religion indig5\s or    
accessible to ! faculties ( ! s\l4 ,let 
our au?or collect on "o  side ( 8 libr>y
 all ! giants & h]oes ( utt] disbelief1 
&  on ! o!r ! lit]ature ( natural fai?2 
nay1 let him ransack =  fre% names &    
=gott5 suffrages ,lal&e's ,dictionnaire 
des  ,a?es2 & if1 hav+ weigh$ ! v>i\s   

m]its ( ,leucippus &  ,lucretius1 (     
,b>on d',holba* & ,la ,mettrie1 ( ,rob]t
 ,ow5 &  ,atk9son1 he ?9ks !m ( m /]l+  
mass ?an ! pure gold (  ?\ght & life    
accumulat$ by ,socrates1 ,plato1        
,anton9us1--by ,anselm  & ,abel>d1      
,desc>tes & ,arnaud1--by ! au?ors ( !   
,!odice1  ! ,essay on ! ,human ,und]/&+1
 & ! ,pr9ciples ( ,human  ,k1--by ,kant 
& ,c\s91--by ,butl] & ,paley &          
,arnold1--we  c only pr(ess a diss5t f 8
 intellectual ta/e1 n less ?an  f 8     
moral judgm5t4    ,! few pages on :i* we
 h be5 comm5t+ 7 ! fir/--?\gh  !y are   
ne> ! end ( ! treatise--t fully op5$ our
 eyes to  ! au?or's !ological animus4 ,=
 a :ile1 8 l>ge pr(essions1  &1 no d\bt1
 s9c]e purpose ( fairness1--8 app>5t    
bread? (  view1 & 8 free h& 9 putt+ d[n 
8 subject on !  canvas1--secur$ our     
admir+ confid5ce1 & made u feel t "h  at
 l5g? ju/ice1 e>ne/ness1 & accompli%m5t 
w g toge!r4  ,"o feature1 inde$1 we     
notic$ z giv+ a suspici\s appe>ance to  
8 equity ( temp]2 x displays itself m 9 

c5sori\sness  t[>ds 8 fri5ds1 ?an 9     
l>ge-he>t$ness t[>ds 8  antagoni/s4 ,he 
readily all[s faults 9 ! advocates ( 8  
own  side1 b is nev] c>ri$ away into ev5
 a mom5t>y appreciation (  ! o!r4 ,?is  
p>ticul> =m ( imp>tiality1 :i* consi/s 9
  detract+ f ! m]its ( allies1 in/ead ( 
delight+ 9 ^?  ( oppon5ts1 is !         
ecclesia/ic c\nt]feit ( c&or1--!        
half-%ekel1 :i* is alone payable 9 !    
temple-s]vice1 b :i*  n[h]e1 save at !  
sacr$ money-table1 is deem$ equival5t to
 !  good ,roman co9 ( common life4 ,mu* 
z we dislike ! *9k ( ?is  consecrat$    
metal1 we hop$ t x w\ld only r+ = a     
pass+  in/ant on ! e>4 ,b alas6 x is an 
indication seldom deceptive2  & we feel 
con/ra9$ to report t !re are1 9 ?is     
tract1  quotations f bo? ,mr4 ,newman & 
,mr4 ,greg1 :i*1 if we 7 9 !  c\rt (    
v]acity1 & n ( !ology1 we w\ld say are  
unconsci5ti\sly made4 ,! quotations are 
made anonym\sly z well z  unfai?fully1 s
 t ! read]1 unless haunt$ by ! *eck+    
impressions ( memory1 _c correct !      

inju/ice ( ! writ]4 ,!  ,phases ( ,fai? 
describes1 x w be rememb]$1 ! gradual   
c\rse  ( ,mr4 ,newman's defections f 8  
orig9al or?odoxy4 ,8 fir/  movem5ts (   
d\bt 7 naturally timid & inconsid]able1 
br++  him only to ! conclusion1 t !     
g5ealogy 9 ! fir/ *apt] (  ,mat!w 0     
copi$ wrong1 & c\nt$ wrong1 f ! ,old    
,te/am5t4  ,on ?is /ep foll[$ a second1 
& a ?ird1 ea* m important ?an  ! prec$+1
 & necessitat+ a next m mom5t\s ?an     
itself4  ,! latt] /ages ( 8 progress    
includ$ an inquiry into !  evid5ce ( !  
,resurrection1 ! miracul\s gifts ascrib$
 to !  e>ly ,*ur*1 ! claims to cr$it ( !
 ,apo/le ,paul1 & o!r  topics1 und5iably
 affect+ ! v ess5ce ( ,*ri/ian evid5ce4 
,hav+ trac$ ! successive advances ( 8   
d\bts1 ,mr4 ,newman1 9 a  recapitul>y   
,conclusion1 makes a solemn appeal to 8 
read]s1 to  say at :at po9t he c\ld h   
/opp$1 & to lay a f+]  di/9ctly on !    
place at :i* ! guilt ( 8 scepticism     
began4  ,"o by "o he c\nts out ! /eps by
 :i* he _h proce$$1 &  asks1 ,0 ?is !   

s9ful "o8 ,! :ole effect ( ! appeal is  
c]ta9ly an impression t ! s]ies1 if n an
 inevitable  sequ5ce1 is v difficult to 
break2 & t1 small z !  beg9n+s 71 !y    
l9k$ !mselves1 by close connection1 )  v
 mom5t\s results4 ,f ?is *apt] our au?or
 cites a s5t5ce  or two1 b 9 su* a way z
 imm$iately to conjo9 ! small initial   
/eps ( d\bt ) ! great ultimate          
conclusion1 & to make x  appe> t ,mr4   
,newman r5\nc$ ,*ri/ianity because he   
c\ld n  make out ! p$igree ( ,jesus to 8
 satisfaction4 ,! g5ealogical           
difficulty is ! only "o :i* he quotes1 &
 z to :i* ,mr4 ,newman  is p]mitt$ to   
speak = himself4 ,pres5t+ ?is z a       
specim51 &  suppress+ all ! re/1 he says
 t he c\ld h %[n ?is  writ] a c\rse f>  
bett] ?an1 on acc\nt ( difficulties su* 
z  ^!1 to r5\nce ,*ri/ianity6 ,8        
citation f ,mr4 ,greg is  introduc$ z   
foll[s3--    ,let ano!r witness be he>d2
 & 9 he>+ him "o might ?9k t  8 words   
are an e*o t has come s(tly travell+    
d[n1 ?r\gh  sixte5 c5turies1 f "s field 

( blood1 or "s =um1 or "s  amphi!atre1  
:]e ,*ri/ian m5 7 witness+ a good       
confession 9  ! mid/ ( _! mortal        
agonies6 ,?is witness is "o :o assures  
u t 'he c believe no long]1 he c wor%ip 
no long]2 he has  discov]$ t ! cre$ ( 8 
e>ly days is baseless1 or  fallaci\s4'  
,yet he too takes up ! ,,m>tyr ,,tru?1 t
 we mu/ n  lie to ,god4--p4 #ia4    ,"h1
 !n1 ,mr4 ,greg 7) concealm5t ( 8 "n7 is
 repres5t$ z  "o :o1 by 8 own           
confession1 c nei!r believe nor wor%ip  
any  m4 ,turn+ to ! preface ( ,! ,cre$ (
 ,*ri/5dom1 we f9d  ! foll[+ orig9al to 
?is quotation3--    ,! pursuit ( tru? is
 easy to a man :o has no human          
sympa?ies1  ^: vision is impair$ by no  
fond p>tialities1 ^: he>t is torn by  no
 divid$ allegiance4 ,to him !           
r5unciation ( error pres5ts few         
difficulties2 = ! mom5t x is recogniz$ z
 error1 its *>m  ceases4 ,b ! case is v 
diff]5t ) ! ,se>*] ^:  affections are   
/rong1 ^: associations are quick1 ^:    
hold ^u !  ,pa/ is cl++ & t5aci\s4 ,he  

may love ,tru? ) an e>ne/ &  p>am\nt    
devotion2 b he loves mu* else also4 ,he 
loves errors1 :i*  7 once ! *]i%$       
convictions ( 8 s\l4 ,he loves dogmas   
:i*  7 once full ( /r5g? & beauty to 8  
?\ghts1 ?\gh n[  p]ceiv$ to be baseless 
or fallaci\s4 ,he loves ! ,*ur* :]e he  
wor%ipp$ 9 8 happy *ildhood2 :]e 8      
fri5ds & 8 family  wor%ip /ill2 :]e 8   
gray-hair$ p>5ts await ! resurrection ( 
! ,j2 b :]e he c wor%ip & await no m4   
,he loves !  simple old cre$1 :i* 0 !   
cre$ ( 8 e>li] & bright] days2  :i* is !
 cre$ ( 8 wife & *ildr5 /ill2 b :i*     
inquiry has  compell$ him to ab&on4 ,!  
pa/ & ! famili> h *a9s &  talismans :i* 
hold him back 9 8 c>e]1 till e fre% /ep 
=w>d becomes an ef=t & an agony2 e fre% 
error discov]$ is  a fre% bond snapp$   
asund]2 e new glimpse ( light is l a    
fre%  flood ( pa9 p\r$ 9 ^u ! s\l4 ,to  
su* a man ! pursuit (  ,tru? is a daily 
m>tyrdom1--h[ h>d & bitt] let ! m>tyr   
tell4  ,%ame to ^? :o make x d\bly s2   
honor to ^? :o enc\nt] x  sadd5$1 weep+1

 trembl+1 b unfl9*+ /ill4--p4 xvi4      
,our au?or w\ld snat* f ,mr4 ,greg ! "r 
to say1 we mu/ n lie  to ,god4 ,:i* has 
! bett] "r to say1 ,?\ %alt n lie to m58
    ,! m +5u\sly ! mod]n ,or?odoxy lays 
b>e its ess5ce1 !  m evid5t is x t a    
pr(\nd scepticism n only m+les ) x1  b  
con/itutes its v inspiration4 ,! dread (
 los+ ,god1 !  impression t !re is b "o 
pat5t way1 n ( duty1 b (  ?\ght1 ( meet+
 him1 haunt ! m9ds ( m51 driv+ "s to    
,anglicanism to comp5sate defect ( fai? 
by excess ( sacram5t1 "s  to ,rome 9    
que/ ( ! ,"l's body1 & prompt+ o!rs to  
cons]vative ef=ts ( ,bibliolatry1       
conduct$ ) ev]-decreas+  reason & decl9+
 hope4 ,we h se51 h[ev]1 no su*         
exemplification ( ?is radical di/ru/ z 9
 ! treatise be=e u4  ,already has !     
writ] decl>$ t ! moral side ( ! univ]se 
s5ds 91 ) reg>d to religion1 an empty   
report4 ,& n[ he ha/5s  to tell u t1 on 
! physical side1 ! wat*m5 f e           
obs]vatory ( nature cry out1 ,no ,god4  
,he repres5ts ! natural  sci5ces z a    

huge ,titanic1 resi/less mass ( k1      
p]fectly  demon/rable1 & completely     
irreligi\s2 desc5d+1 l a glaci]1  f !   
upp] valleys ( froz5 ?\ght2 sure to     
scrape away ! wild  p9e woods & ! gre5  
fields ( natural religion1 yet          
consid]ate  en\gh1 = "s reason          
unexpla9$1 to sp>e ! f\ndations ( !     
village *ur*4 ,designat+ e fai? except 8
 own by su* phrases  z !osophic fancies1
 & pieti/ic notions1 he assures u t  !y 
w all be put "r out ( exi/5ce by our    
mod]n physical  sci5ces2 & he borr[s f !
 ,positive ,philosophy 7app>5tly by     
unconsci\s sympa?y7 ! foll[+ maxim to   
ju/ify 8 pr$iction3--    ,9 any case1 :5
 t :i* on any gr\nd ( pro( takes full   
hold  ( ! und]/&+1 7su*1 = example1 are 
! mo/ c]ta9 ( !  conclusions (          
,geology17 /&s contigu\s to t :i*1 9 a  
logical  s5se1 is ( inf]ior quality1 &  
is indet]m9ate1 & fluctuat+1  & liable  
to retrogression1--9 any su* case !re is
 always go+  on a sil5t encroa*m5t ( ! m
 solid mass ^u ! gr\nd (  t :i* is less 

solid4 ,:at is ,,sure w be press+ ^u :at
 is  unc]ta91 :e!r or n ! two are       
design$ly br\ght into  collision or     
comp>ison4 ,:at is well def9$ weighs ^u1
 &  aga9/1 :at is ill def9$4 ,no?+ /ops 
! cont9u\s involunt>y  op]ation (       
,,sci5ce 9 dislodg+ ,,op9ion f ! m9ds ( 
^? :o  are conv]sant ) bo?4    ,a v     
small matt] t is inde$ det]m9ate1 w be  
able to keep  a place = itself aga9/ ?is
 incessantly encroa*+ movem5t2 b  no?+  
else c d s4 ,z to any ( ^? !osophic     
fancies :i* we  may wi% to cl+ to1 aft] 
we h ?r[n away ! ,bible1 we might z     
well suppose t !y w resi/ ! impact ( !  
ma!matical &  physical sci5ces1 z imag9e
 t ! li*5s ( an ,alp9e gorge w  /ay !   
sl[ desc5t ( a glaci]4--p4 #ig4    ,"h x
 is alleg$ t ,sci5ce & ,op9ion _c       
coexi/1--t !  demon/rable w bani% !     
probable4 ,& be x obs]v$1 ?is is to     
take place1 n simply :]e contradiction  
arises betwe5 ! two ord]s  ( belief1 b 9
 all cases1 f ! m]e di/a/e :i*          
quantitative /udies produce t[>ds ev]y?+

 :i* evades _!  rules4 ,9 ?is allegation
 !re is1 we believe1 ) mu* exagg]ation1 
a c]ta9 small am\nt ( tru?1--a tru?1    
h[ev]1 :i*1 s f> f  support+ our au?or's
 plea aga9/ natural religion1 (f]s x a  
conclusive refutation4 ,x may be admitt$
 t ! exact & mix$  sci5ces d dis9cl9e _!
 vot>y to put tru/ 9 ! processes by  :i*
 judgm5ts ( probability are =m$1 &      
ali5ate him f  ?9k]s :o read (f ! mean+ 
( ! univ]se by ano!r key ?an  84        
,accu/om$ to deal ) ,numb] & ,space1 )  
,motion & ,=ce  alone1--to reason ^u !m 
by a ,calculus :i* is helpless beyond _!
  range1--to ex]cise ,faculties involv+ 
no?+ beyond !  int]pretation (          
m5surative signs & ! conception (       
relative  magnitudes1--he owes x to     
some?+ else ?an 8 peculi> discipl9e1  if
 he has ei!r ! in/rum5ts or ! aptitudes 
= moral &  philosophical reflection4 ,he
 c>ries into ! _w1 z 8 sole means  (    
repres5t+ & solv+ its ph5om5a1 ! notion 
( physical  necessity & l9e> sequ5ce1   
secretly def9+ ! univ]se to himself  z  

,leibnitz def9$ an organiz$ be+1--a     
ma*9e1 ^: smalle/  p>ts are also        
ma*9es1--& naturally gr[s impati5t :5 he
 f9ds  himself 9 fields ( ?\ght ov] :i* 
?is n>r[ imag9ation op5s no  track4 ,)  
respect1 !re=e1 to a c]ta9 class ( m9ds1
 r5d]$  p]haps increas+ly num]\s by !   
long neglect ( ! moral sci5ces  9       
,engl&1 x may be q true1 t a _s ( utt]  
disbelief  t[>ds ev]y?+ beyond ! range (
 necess>y matt] may m &  m prevail4 ,let
 u fur!r grant to our au?or1 = ! mom5t1 
?ree  ?+s assum$ by him1 all ( !m1      
h[ev]1 false3--#a4 ,t ?is  t5d5cy ( !   
demon/rable sci5ces is _! only "o hav+ a
  be>+ on !osophic sy/ems4 #b4 ,t x is s
 new1 at lea/ 9  degree1 z to give      
op9ion a worse *ance = ! future ?an x   
has  _h 9 ! pa/4 #c4 ,t x is a good     
t5d5cy1 favorable to human  k & "*4     
,/ill we mu/ ask1 ,h[ is ! oracul>      
au?ority ( ! ,bible to escape ! fate    
pr$ict$ = all  probabilities8 ,our au?or
 assures u t x w escape2 b he gives  no 
fa9te/ h9t ( a reason = s s+ul> an      

exception to 8 own  canon4 ,x _c be     
cont5d$ t ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity &    
,judaism belong to any ( ! demon/rable  
or physical sci5ces4 ,x  _c be d5i$ t !y
 lie :olly )9 ! limits ( cont+5t  k1 &  
t]m9ate only 9 probabilities2 t !       
au?or%ip1  = in/ance1 ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 
! cr$ibility ( ! introductory  *apt]s ( 
,mat!w1 ! correctness ( ! prophecies    
ab\t ! second  adv5t1 are matt]s :i*1   
/&+ contigu\s to ! laws (  refract$ &   
reflect$ light1 occupy ! position ( !   
less sure 9  relation to ! m sure2 t !  
relative *ronology ( !  ,scripture books
 is m indet]m9ate ?an t ( ! geologic    
/rata1  & _! actual dates m unc]ta9 ?an 
^? ( ! eclipses fatal  to ,nicias & to  
,p]seus4 ,:at1 !n1 is to exempt ^!      
judgm5ts (  v]isimilitude f be+ pu%$ "r 
out ( exi/5ce by ! sil5t  encroa*m5t ( !
 m solid mass ( k beside x8 ,no?+ c  be 
pla9] ?an t all te/imonial k :atsoev]1  
all hi/ory1  criticism1 & art1 ! :ole   
sy/em ( moral & political sci5ces1  mu/ 
fall "u our au?or's fatal s5t5ce2 & h[ !

 propositions  :i* su/a9 ! infallible   
au?ority ( ! canonical books are to     
hold _! gr\nd aga9/ ! huge glaci] on :i*
 ,h]s*el1 ,airy &  ,de ,morgan1 ,comte &
 ,lev]ri]1 triumphantly ride1 x is n    
easy to  conceive4 ,amid ! univ]sal cra%
 ( probabilities1 may n ! ,mosaic       
tables ( /one1 brok5 once1 be pulv]iz$  
at la/8 ,) ! abrasion  ( all ! alluvial 
soil 9 :i* ! gr[?s ( wond] /rike _!     
roots1 w ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 w ! blight$     
fig-tree1 rema9 to  m>k a v]dant & a    
b>r5 spot 9 hi/ory8 ,w ^! rid+          
philosoph]s f _! cold obs]vatory f9d    
,paul's ?ird heav58 ,may  n _! icy      
m\nta9 slip into ! abyss :5ce all !     
demons came1  & fill x up8 ,^! que/ions1
 inde$1 are answ]$ = u 9  exp]i5ce4 ,x  
is notori\s t1 :5ev] an unb\nd$ devotion
 to  sci5ce has produc$ a preval5t      
t5d5cy to disbelief1 ,revelation1 s  f> 
f be+ sp>$1 has be5 usually ! fir/      
object ( attack2 &1  bo? at ! orig9 (   
mod]n sci5ce 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 &  dur+
 its accel]at$ advance t[>ds ! close ( !

 eighte5?1 !  wid5+ conception (        
det]m9ate ,law 0 f\nd to ?reat5 no?+ s  
decisively z ! fai? 9 sup]natural       
disp5sations4 ,! great]  scepticism     
includes ! less2 & ! habit ( m9d :i*    
lets slip all  beliefs n legitimat$ by !
 canons ( natural sci5ce1 _c  possibly  
reta9 ,*ri/ianity4    ,b our au?or has  
only half describ$ ! m5tal effect (     
/udies  purely sci5tific4 ,!y d n1 9 !  
nature ( ?+s !y _c1  simply pu% out ( ! 
m9d all cont+5t judgm5ts4 ,human life & 
action are "o cont9u\s texture ( su*    
judgm5ts1 ) "s  int]weav+1 no d\bt1 (   
ma!matic =ms1 :i* c\ld n be pick$  out  
)\t spoil+ ! symmetry ( its patt]n2 b 7 
y to  )draw ! ?reads ( probable op9ion1 
/ill m1 to cut ! w>p  ( primitive       
assumptions t /ret*es ?r\gh x1 ! web    
w\ld  simply fall to pieces4 ,no y\? c  
decide on a pr(ession1 no man  appo9t an
 ag5t 9 8 bus9ess1 no physician         
prescribe = a  pati5t1 no judge pron\nce
 a s5t5ce1 no /atesman answ] a  despat*1
 )\t a con/ant resort to surmises1 a    

reliance on  sl5d] indications1 (t5 ev5 
a delib]ate adoption ( v d\btful        
hypo!ses4 ,all m5 are driv5 f h\r to h\r
 into positions  dem&+ comb9ations (    
?\ght :i* c be borr[$ f no  natural     
sci5ce2 :]e n ! laws ( matt] & motion1 n
 !  equilibrium ( =ces1 n ! prop]ties ( 
?+s1 are *iefly  conc]n$1 b ! feel+s &  
faculties ( p]sons1 ! action &  reaction
 ( human affairs4 ,ma!maticians &       
natural philosoph]s1  be+ 9 no way      
exempt f ^! conditions1 are oblig$ to h 
j  z _m op9ions & guesses z o!r m52 !y  
_c1 if !y  are to keep _! foot+ on ?is  
_w at all1 h a small] /ock  ?an _!      
neighbors ( ?is logically inf]ior ord] (
  p]suasions4 ,!y are unable to abdicate
 ! necessity ( hav+ ^!  p]suasions2 & _!
 only peculi>ity is1 t !y sometimes     
import  into cont+5t affairs ! me?ods ) 
:i* habit has r5d]$ !m  famili> 9 ano!r 
sph]e1 & s f9d ! conditions ( belief    
unsatisfi$2 & at o!rs1 f consci\sness t 
_! own clew  w n s]ve1 yet inaptitude = 
seiz+ a bett]1 surr5d]  !mselves to !   

=tuit\s guidance ( ill-balanc$ faculties
 &  ext]nal solicitations4 ,h5ce _!     
judgm5ts are frequ5tly  fanta/ic1       
frequ5tly sceptical1--n less liable to  
be too easy f  "o cause ?an to be too   
reluctant f ano!r2 & 7 a hi/ory to  be  
writt5 ( ! mo/ rem>kable extravagances1 
positive z well z  negative1 by :i*     
religion & philosophy h sprung aside f !
  c5tre ( common s5se & feel+1 x w\ld   
conta9 m names (  great repute 9 ! exact
 sci5ces ?an f any o!r intellectual     
class :atev]4 ,f ,py?agoras to          
,sw$5borg1 ! ecc5tricities (  ma!matical
 & physical imag9ation h be5 ! *ief     
di/urb]s  ( a natural & heal?y fai?4    
,h>monic !ories ( ! univ]se1  ,ideal    
,numb]s1 ,geometric ,e?ics1 ,rosicrucian
 frat]nities1 ,vortices  & ,monads1     
,apocalyptic /udies1 ,new ,j]usalems1 & 
,electrobiological  ,metaphysics1 h all 
borne te/imony to ! ab]rant fancy (     
em95t  pr(ici5ts 9 ! sci5ces4 ,x is1    
!re=e1 f> f be+  univ]sally true1 t     
disputable !osophies & conjectural      

sy/ems  ( ! univ]se are di/a/eful to    
m9ds s*ool$ 9 ! demon/rable  sci5ces4   
,if to m5 ( ?is ord] we owe ! successive
 dislodgem5t  ( "o su* hypo!sis aft]    
ano!r1 to !m also d we owe _!  cont9ual 
reproduction4 ,:e!r ! uns\ndness (      
judgm5t :i* is  contract$ 9 ! abs5ce (  
hi/orical1 moral1 & metaphysical  /udies
 %all %[ itself 9 an excessive sl[ness  
or an excessive  facility ( belief1 w   
dep5d on accid5ts ( p]sonal "* &  social
 position4 ,b ( ?is we may be sure2--if 
! sceptical  temp] be ! direction tak51 
! ,bible w n be sp>$2 if !  cr$ul\s1    
!osophic fancies w be copi\sly sav$4    
,c !re1 aft] all1 be a m p>adoxical     
spectacle ?an t ( a  religi\s writ]     
ally+ himself ) ! sceptical prop5sities 
(  sci5ce1 9 ord] to get rid ( ga9say]s 
( ! ,bible8 ,x is !  c\nt]p>t 9 logic ( 
! ,italian game 9 politics1--! ,pope    
appeal+ to ,p>isian swords to drive out 
! ,republic1 & save !  head ( ,*ri/5dom4
 ,is x possible t our au?or c approve ! 
ag5cy :i* he ?us invokes8 t he c really 

wi% to see x 9 !  intellectual asc5dant1
 & g>rison+ e sacr$ =tress ( !  _w8     
,does he rememb] :at are ! fundam5tal   
canons ( its  logic1--t we "k no?+ b    
,ph5om5a1--t ,causation is no?+  b      
ph5om5al priority1--or else1 t ,=ce is !
 prior datum (  :i* ,?\ght is a p>ticul>
 & po/]ior developm5t8 ,& :at1 on  ! o!r
 h&1 are ! !osophic fancies aga9/ :i* he
 w\ld  plant ?is b>b>ic artill]y (      
,fate8 ,!y are su* z ^!1--t our         
faculties give u tru/wor?y reports1 n ( 
ph5om5a only1 b (  _! abid+ gr\nd1--,s\l
 )91 ,god )\t2--t ! moral ,law (        
,obligation 9 ! "o is ! expression (    
,holy ,w 9 ! o!r2--t  fai?fulness 9 !   
,human m9d to its highe/ aspirations1   
br+s x  into communion ) ! ,div9e2--t z 
! ,s\l is ! free ,image1 s  is ,nature !
 det]m9ate ,h&iwork ( ,god4 ,if ^!      
doctr9es1 spurn$  by our au?or ) s rude 
a flippancy1 7 to surr5d] to !  ho/ility
 on :i* he relies1 is he unaw>e ( ! "* !
  conflict w\ld assume1 & ( ! dyna/y (  
?\ght :i* w\ld reign  undisput$ at !    

close8 ,fight+ by ! side ( su* allies   
aga9/  !osophic fancies1 he may skirmi% 
) ! fancies1 b !y  w be> "r d[n ^u !    
,!ism 9 ! c5tre2 & :5 ! day  is ov]1 !  
/&>d !y w plant ^u ! conqu]$ t[]s w  be1
 n ! sacr$ dove he took into ! field1 & 
lo/ to ! defeat$  foe1 b _! own bl9d    
black eagle ( necessity4 ,h[ /range is !
  p]v]sion ( in/9ctive sympa?ies1 :5 a  
!ologian disp>ages !  sci5ces (         
reflection & self-k1 & takes 8 /& on !  
evid5ce ( s5se & measurem5t alone6--:5  
he proposes to sweep out  beliefs t     
tr\ble him ) _! neighborhood1 by a g5]al
 crusade  aga9/ all probabilities1--&   
:51 ) ?is design1 he violates !  j      
balance ( p[] among ! k+doms ( human k1 
&  flatt]s1 z if x 7 a virtue1 !        
pret5sions ( a m5tal habit1  :i*1 out ( 
its own prov9ce1 is "o ( ! mo/          
incapacitat+1 yet  de/ructive1 (        
intellectual vices6 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a   
c]ta9 secret  aff9ity ( feel+ betwe5 a  
,religion :i* exagg]ates ! functions  & 
ov]/ra9s ! validity ( an ext]nal        

au?ority1 & a ,sci5ce  :i* deals only ) 
objective facts1 p]ceiv$ or imag9$4 ,!  
po9t  ( sympa?y is f\nd 9 a common      
di/ru/ ( ev]y?+ int]nal1 ev5  ( ! v     
faculties 7z soon z !y are contemplat$ z
 su*7 by  :i* ! ext]nal is appreh5d$ &  
receiv$4 ,& betwe5 ?is sort (  fai? & ! 
ma!matics !re is ano!r analogy1 :i* may 
expla9 s  curi\s a mutual und]/&+4 ,bo? 
re/ ^u hypo!ses1 :i* x is  beyond _!    
prov9ce to look into1 b aft] !          
assumption ( :i*1  all room = op9ion is 
%ut out by a rigid necessity4 ,once get 
y\r  infallible book1 & 7suppos+ ! mean+
 unambigu\s7 x settles  e matt] on :i* x
 pron\nces2 & once all[ ! fir/ pr9ciples
  & def9itions 9 geometry to express    
tru?s & realities1 & y c  d5y no?+      
aft]w>ds4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( philosophy  
to g bel[  ! ma!matics1 & det]m9e :e!r  
!y are m ?an hypo!tical  sci5ce1--:e!r  
_! assumptions are a m]e play (         
subjective  necessity1 or are           
objectively tru/wor?y4 ,x is ! bus9ess (
 bo?  reflective philosophy & hi/orical 

criticism to g bel[ ! ,,book1  & det]m9e
 :e!r x has m ?an hypo!tical            
infallibility1--:e!r ! conditions1 inn] 
& out]1 ( su* a  claim1 are or are n    
satisfi$4 ,if ev5 ! ,ma!matics1 :i* h   
little to fe> f ! inve/igation ( _!     
basis1 h n be5 on  ! be/ t]ms )         
,metaphysics1 x is h>dly surpris+ t a   
,religion  ( m]e ext]nal au?ority %\ld  
feel antipa?y = ! /udies :i*  pry into  
its f\ndations1 ) ! inevitable effect ( 
%[+ t  :at is c]ta9ty above gr\nd is    
op9ion bel[4 ,nor is x wond]ful  t bo?  
sets ( beliefs are fond ( =gett+ _!     
hypo!tical  orig91 contemplat+ only _!  
acquir$ semblance ( security1 &  speak+ 
z if !y dis[n$ cont+5cy altoge!r1 &     
despis$ !  detractors :o c\ld suspect   
su* a ta9t 9 _! blood4 ,h5ce !          
fell[-feel+ :i* occasionally unites a   
rigid !ology1 & an  exclusive physical &
 ma!matical sci5ce4 ,x is f\nd$ on _!   
jo9t antipa?y to ! s\rces ( moral k1--_!
 common  bl9dness to "o half ( human    
culture4 ,l all alliances re/+ on       

antipa?y alone1 x is nei!r honorable nor
 durable4 ,x is ! function  ( ,religion 
to occupy a tranquil seat above !       
conte/s ( p>tial  pursuits & n>r[       
int]e/s2 z1 9 ! _w ( action1 to hold !  
balance ( ,"r1 s1 9 ! _w ( intellect1 to
 pres]ve !  equities & ! equilibrium (  
,tru?2 & h] tru/ is betray$ by any  "o  
:o fl+s himself1 z h] repres5tative1    
into ! civil w>s (  ! sci5ces1 & 9 h] "n
 signs away :ole prov9ces ( ?\ght1 &    
ab&ons !m to outrage & confiscation z   
conqu]$ l&s4 ,human  fai? has no?+ to   
fe> f ! unity & p]fection ( all !       
sci5ces2 b mu* f ! bl9d ambition ( ea*  
"o4 ,x is f ?is  p]suasion alone1 & n f 
any defective appreciation ( physical   
/udies1 t we h spok5 freely ( _! t5d5cy1
 :5 ! m9d is  entirely enclos$ )9 !m4 ,!
 und\bt$ s\rce ( ine/imable  bless+s to 
mank9d1 & an indisp5sable elem5t (      
culture to !  individual1 !y are        
mis*iev\s only :5 !y gr[ dizzy )        
success1  & prop\nd s*emes ( univ]sal   
empire4 ,! mom5t !y und]take  ei!r to   

create or de/roy a religion1 ! sign is  
unmi/akable t  ?is intoxicat$ ambition  
has begun to "w4    ,! relation (       
,religion to ,hi/ory our au?or appe>s to
 u to  conceive mu* m correctly ?an its 
relation to ,sci5ce4 ,on ?is  great     
topic1 h[ev]1 our limits =bid u to ent]4
 ,"o rem>k only  we w make4 ,! au?or    
misconceives ! objection ( ,!odore ,p>k]
  & o!rs to ! ord9>y doctr9e ( hi/orical
 revelation4 ,!y d  n1 z he affirms1    
disjo9 religion f hi/ory1 or 9 ! lea/   
decl9e ! travell+ back to ages pa/ on   
its acc\nt4 ,x is n  ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 
antiquity1 b 8 pres5ce only  !re1--n 8  
inspiration 9 ,pale/9e1 b 8 )drawal f  e
 spot besides1--n ev5 8 supreme & unique
 expression 9  ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 b 8    
abs5ce f e o!r human  m$ium1--aga9/ :i* 
^! writ]s prote/4 ,!y feel t ! usual    
,*ri/ian advocate has adopt$ a n>r[ &   
ev5 irreligi\s gr\nd2  t he has n f\nd a
 satisfactory place 9 ! ,div9e s*eme (  
human affairs = ! great ,pagan _w2 t he 
has presumptu\sly  br&$ all hi/ory b "o 

z pr(ane2 t he has n only read x  )\t   
sympa?y & rev]5ce1 b has us$ x *iefly z 
a foil to  %[ (f ! beauty ( evangelic   
tru? & hol9ess1 & s has dwelt  only on !
 inadequacy ( its philosophy1 !         
de=mities ( its  morals1 ! deg5]ate     
features ( its social life2 t he has    
=gott5 ! ,div9e inf9itude :5 he assumes 
t ,*ri/'s  pl5itude ( ! ,_s implies !   
empt9ess ( ,socrates4 ,9 _!  view1 he   
has ra%ly und]tak5 to prove1 n "o       
positive fact1--a  revelation ( div9e   
tru? 9 ,galilee1--b an inf9ite          
negative1--no inspiration any:]e else4  
,to ?is negation1 & to  ?is alone1 is _!
 remon/rance address$4 ,!y d n d5y a    
!ophany 9 ! gift ( ,*ri/ianity2 b !y d5y
 two v  diff]5t ?+s1 viz43--#a4 ,t ?is  
is ! only !ophany2 &1 #b4  ,t ?is is    
!ophany alone2--t is1 !y look = "s div9e
  elem5ts else:]e2 & !y look = "s human 
"h4 ,x is n  !re=e a small]1 b a l>g]1  
religi\s obligation to hi/ory1  :i* !y  
are anxi\s to e/abli%2 & !y rema9 9     
company )  ! ,*ri/ian advocate1 s long z

 8 dev\t & g5tle mood  cont9ues2 & only 
quit him :5 he ent]s on 8 sceptical     
antipa?ies4 ,?is1 9 spite ( e resi/ance 
f ! rigor ( !  old] !ology1 is an       
inevitable consequ5ce ( ! mod]n         
hi/orical  criticism4 ,its l>ge & g5ial 
appreh5sion op5s = u new  admirations1  
new sympa?ies1 cle>] insight into human 
realities1  ?r\gh\t ! nations & ages ( !
 pa/4 ,x melts away f our  anci5t moral 
geography ! ideal contra/s ( color+ :i* 
made !  _w ! sc5e ( an unnatural        
dualism1 & re9/ates ! great  families ( 
man 9 unity4 ,x is do+ = our conception 
( ! moral  _w :at sci5ce has already    
done = our conception ( ! natural3  x is
 exp&+ our notion ( ,div9e ag5cy )9 x4  
,z1 9  ref]5ce to physical nature1 we h 
le>n$ to ?9k t ,god did  n enact        
creation b once1 & cease2 s are we      
beg9n+ to  p]ceive1 9 relation to !     
human m9d & life1 t he did n  ent]      
hi/ory only once1 & q exceptionally4    
,:oev] op5s 8  he>t to ?is great ?\ght w
 f9d 9 x1 n ! uneas9ess (  d\bt1 b !    

repose ( fai?4 ,he w no long] fancy t1 9
 ord]  to keep ,*ri/ianity z ! div9e/ ( 
all1 he mu/ fe> to feel  aught else     
div9e4 ,he w wor%ip /ill at ! same alt>1
 & s+  8 hymn to ! same /ra92 only ) a  
ri*] *orus ( cons5ti5t  voices1 & 9 a   
wid] communion ( fai?ful s\ls4          
,,footnote3    #eg ,! "q has be5 rais$1 
:e!r ! au?or ( ,!  ,re/oration (        
,belief1 :o pres5ts himself to u ?r\gh !
  ,cambridge publi%]1 is really a       
,univ]sity man8 ,to ^? :o are  curi\s   
ab\t su* critical problems1 we w\ld     
sugge/ ?is  consid]ation1 z hav+ "s be>+
 on ! case3 ,c\ld a p]son :o  _h /udi$ !
 laws ( accel]at$ motion at !           
au?oritative s*ool  ( ,engli% sci5ce h s
 =gott5 8 =mulas z to make 8  heavie/   
man on t acc\nt 8 quicke/8 ,! au?or%ip1 
h[ev]1 is n less evid5t ?an if ! book _h
 be5 publi%$ by  ,messrs4 ,longmans1 or 
by ,holdswor? & ,ball4          ,,"o    
,,gospel ,,9 ,,_m ,,dialects4        ,& 
!y 7 all fill$ ) ! ,holy ,_s1 & began to
 speak      9 o!r tongues1 accord+ z !  

,_s gave !m utt]ance4 ,&      !re 7     
soj\rn+ at ,j]usalem ,jews1 dev\t m51   
out ( e      nation "u heav54 ,n[ :5 ?is
 0 nois$ abroad1 !      multitude came  
toge!r2 & !y 7 conf\nd$ because e       
"o he>d !m speak+ 9 8 own               
language4--,acts ii4 #d-f4      ,9 t    
m>vell\s sc5e1 ! anniv]s>y ( :i*        
co9cides on ?is  ,:itsunday ) our       
,c5t5>y1 a "q long p5d+ betwe5 !        
,rabbis & ! ,holy ,_s came to an op5    
issue4 ,!y 7 ,araman  s*ol>s1 & _h _!   
,k+dom ( ,heav5 set =? 9 ! be/  ,hebrew1
 :i*1 true en\gh1 0 ( no great human    
curr5cy1 & n  /rictly a liv+ tongue at  
all2 b !n _h be5 di/+ui%$ by  ,div9e use
 f ! e>lie/ "t4 ,0 x n 9 ?is t ! ,call  
_h come to ,abram8 & ! promises be5     
repeat$ to ! ,patri>*s8  & ! music be5  
flung f ! h>p ( ,david8 & ! burd5s (    
inspiration be5 treasur$ on ! ,prophet's
 scroll8 ,:o c\ld quote a  ^w t ,god _h 
ev] spok5 9 any o!r language8 ,x 0 ! "o 
sacr$ idiom1 f :i* all o!rs are div]g5t 
corruptions1 & to  :i*1 :5 ! _w's       

confusion is ov]1 !y mu/ aga9 return4   
,h[ev] few 9 ^! decad5t ages might      
und]/& x /ill1 x 0  intr9sically fitt$  
to be univ]sal4 ,& :o c\ld call t spee* 
prov9cial1 at ^: s\nd ! heav5s & e>?    
arose8 or e/eem x  tempor>y1 :5 x       
p]sev]$ ?r\gh ! disp]sion at ,babel1 &  
0 pres5t on ! _w be=e ! ,flood8 ,s !re  
mu/ be no?+  else all[$ 9 ! liturgies ( 
! ,synagogue1 9 ! read+ (  ,scripture1  
or 9 any int]c\rse betwe5 man & ,god4   
,only :5 m5  began to conv]se ) "o      
ano!r1 to comp>e _! human ?\ghts1  &    
desc5d f prophetic to didactic gifts1   
might !y resort to !  m$ia ( pr(an]     
life4 ,! language ( ,wor%ip 0 b "o2 ?\gh
  ! j>gons ( ,op9ion 7 _m4 ,& s !       
,scribes & ! ,rabbis (  ! writt5 ,^w    
suppos$ !mselves to hold ! only key (   
life4    ,b ! ,holy ,_s goes into no    
"o's keep+1 & is no respect] (  tongues4
 ,free z ! w9d to bl[ :]e x li/e?1 x    
sweeps :]ev]  s\ls are g5ial to its     
brea?1 & w yield to x _! gifts1 (  love1
 ( lips1 ( life4 ,x seem$ to h _h en\gh 

( ,hebrew1 ev]  s9ce x _h gone into !   
h&s ( ! philologi/s1 & be5 made a  sacr$
 language1 & begun to drone4 ,x _h long 
be5 feel+ its way 9  o!r directions1    
tempt+ m5 to pray out ( ! fre% he>t1 &  
nev]  m9d ! words1 till n[ at la/ !     
secret broke1 t on any native  tongue by
 :i* s\ls mo/ freely fl[ toge!r1 may all
 pass out to  ,god2 t ! home-s\nds are !
 dev\te/ too2 t ! spee* into  :i* m5 are
 born1 & :i* has become to !m z a /r+$  
in/rum5t answ]+ to ! fa9te/ t\* ( _!    
affections1 is !  true vehicle by :i* ! 
,_s give? utt]ance4 ,! pray] (  fai?1   
asc5d+ 9 ! idioms ( e latitude1 conv]ges
 into "o 9  heav54 ,& ,god's tru?1      
desc5d+ to ?is _w1 breaks into all !    
m\lds ( expression native to our v>i\s  
race4    ,"o ,gospel 9 _m dialects1--t  
is ! great ,p5teco/ lesson1  con/rue !  
miracle z we may4 ,& !re are dialects ( 
,?\ght z  well z spee*1--natural        
diff]5ces ( temp]am5t & "*1--to  :i* !  
,gospel1 /ill )\t prejudice to its      
unity1 adapts itself  ) ! same div9e    

flexibility4 ,:at private obs]v]--/ill m
  :at /ud5t ( hi/ory--c d\bt t we are n 
all made 9 !  same m\ld1--t !           
proportions ( our humanity are v>i\sly  
mix$1--t n only d we individually diff] 
9 moral  susceptibility & spiritual     
dep?1 b fall into p]man5t gr\ps  m>k$ by
 di/9ct & in]adicable *>act]s1 &        
reproduc+ !  same religi\s t5d5cies f   
age to age8 ,transpose ! s\ls (  ,plato 
& ,pascal into ! "r place & "t1 & d y   
suppose  !y w\ld turn up z ,latitud9>ian
 ,div9es8 ,deal z y w )  ! lot (        
,prie/ley & ,bel%am1 & c\ld y ev] enroll
 !m among  ! ,*ri/ian ,my/ics8 ,close 9 
! fires ( ,augu/9e's nature )  :at damps
 y may1 & c\ld y ev] f9d him peace 9 a  
,gospel (  ,good ,works8 ,no2 we t\* "h 
on diff]5ces deep] ?an accid5t1  &      
irremovable by culture1--diff]5ces t    
v9dicate _! reality  by cross+ ! l9es ( 
dissimil> religions & reappe>+ 9 all    
times4 ,!y necess>ily give u diff]+     
wants & exp]i5ces2 !y  set into diff]+  
%apes ( fai?2 & on s\ls equally fai?ful 

!y  fix v diff]+ expressions4 ,!y are s 
_m v]nacul> idioms (  ! inn] m9d3 all h 
div9e "r to be3 no "o ( !m is  entitl$  
to call itself ! sacr$ language alone   
intelligible betwe5  man & ,god2 & !    
pret5sion ( any to sup]s$e ! re/1 &     
reign alone1 is n less va9 ?an !        
compla9ts ( ignorance aga9/  =eign      
dialects1 & ! ambition to ex*ange ! _m  
runn+ wat]s  ( local lit]ature into !   
huge tank ( a univ]sal language4 ,!y    
may n be able to und]/& ea* o!r1 or ev5 
) ! key (  outw>d comp>ison always be>  
translation into idioms o!r ?an  _! own4
 ,b let !m speak 9 _! own way1 & pray _!
 own  pray]4 ,n only are !y all cle> to 
,him t reade? ! he>t2  !re w ?us be m   
he>t = ,him to read3 = fai? & love1     
l>ge z !y may be1 are ev] deepe/ 9 _!   
special tones2 & !  pray]1 ! hymn1 :i*  
is t\*$ ) ! _s's local color+1  comes to
 u l ! aroma ( native fields1 & assuages
 our ?ir/  l ! sweet wat]s ( "s well    
giv5 to our fa!rs & made  sacr$ by a    
,savi\r's noonday re/4    ,on ?is       

pr9ciple1--t diff]5t types ( natural    
g5ius 9 m5  _c b ?r[ _! ,*ri/ianity into
 diff]5t =ms1--we may n  only ju/ify !  
divisions ( ,*ri/5dom1 b ev5 cease to   
wi% t  !y %\ld disappe>4 ,unity no d\bt 
!re mu/ be3 ,god is "o2 ,tru?  is "o2 ! 
,gospel is "o2 & a m9d t c\ld take 9 !  
:ole1  & spread its insight & affections
 9 all dim5sions at once1 w\ld  rea* !  
,div9e equilibrium1 9 :i* no?+ p>tial   
prepond]ates4  ,b f our wat*-t[] we c   
look ?r\gh only "o w9d[ at once2  ! bl9d
 walls ( our m5tal *amb] %ut out all !  
re/2 & z we  kneel1 l ,daniel1 at ! op5 
light1 ! breeze ^u our face seems       
sacr$1 because x comes f our ,j]usalem4 
,! "q is n1  :e!r !re is su* a ?+ z     
tru?1 r\nd$ (f1 self-balanc$1  &        
complete2 9 ! m9d ( ,god1--! f9al seat (
 reality1--(  c\rse !re is4 ,nor is x a 
"q1 :e!r ea* individual man c  atta9 a  
fai? consi/5t 9 its p>ts1 agreeable to  
fact1 &  adequate to 8 nature4 ,?is also
 is possible4 ,b :5 he has  atta9$ x1 on
 :at t]ms is x to co-exi/ ) o!r fai?s   

pres5t+ p>allel pret5sions8 ,is he 9 8  
he>t to id5tify 8  own ) ! absolute     
tru?1 suffici5t = all z = himself8 ,is  
he to expect !m to come r\nd to x1 &    
altoge!r ?r[ away _!  own8 ,or is he to 
confess to himself 8 own limitations1 to
 suspect  t he may h 8 bl9d sides1 &    
rev]5tly to seek some?+ he  has miss$ 9 
t :i* o!rs p]si/ 9 see+8 ,9 :i*         
direction  is he to seek unity8 ,by     
antipa?y to all beliefs save "o8--or by 
invit+ all ( !m to live _! life & %[ _! 
place 9 human  nature8 ,x is ! g5ius (  
,romanism to seek unity by suppression2 
( ,prote/antism1 by free developm5t2--( 
! =m]1 to protect  ! consi/5cy x has2 ( 
! latt]1 to press =w>d to "o t x  has n4
 ,are we taunt$ ) our ,prote/ant        
v>iations8 ,:y1 !  m !y are1 ! ri*] is  
our field ( exp]i5ce1 ! f9] our  po9ts (
 comp>ison2 provid$1 h[ev]1 t we hold   
fa/ to !  noble tru/ 9 a ,gospel (      
id5tity at bottom1 & seek x r 9  !      
religi\s he>t ( all ! *ur*es1 ?an 9 !   
!ologic wisdom  ( our own4 ,no man c    

proclaim ! pr9ciple ( ,"o ,gospel 9 _m  
dialects1 unless he is prep>$ to admit t
 8 own fai? is "o  ( ! dialects1 & no?+ 
m2 to presume a mean+ 9 !  o!rs1 h[ev]  
hid f him2 & :ile !y rema9 to him a m]e 
in>ticulate j>gon1 to ascribe x soon] to
 8 own incapacity ?an  to _!            
insignificance4 ,:5 ,god's tru?1        
refract$ on its entrance  into our      
nature1 %all em]ge into ! :ite light    
aga91 n "o (  ^! t9t$ beams c be sp>$4  
,let u = a mom5t arre/ &  exam9e !m4    
,let u look at ! *ief v>ieties :i*      
,*ri/ianity  assumes z x p5etrates !    
s\l2 at once recogniz+ our own place1  &
 appreciat+ t ( o!rs4    ,!re are ?ree  
great types ( natural m9d on :i* ! ,_s (
  ,*ri/ may fall2 & ea*1 t\*$ & awak5$  
by him1 utt]s !  wond]ful works ( ,god 9
 a language ( its own4    7#a47 ,!re is 
! ,e?ical m9d1 calm1 level1 & cle>2     
*iefly  int5t on ! good-ord]+ ( ?is     
life2 judg+ all ?+s by _!  t5d5cy to ?is
 end2 & impati5t ( e oscillation ( our  
nature  t sw+s beyond x4 ,!re is no?+ l[

 or unwor?y 9 !  atta*m5t :i* keeps ?is 
_s close to ! pres5t _w1 &  wat*ful =   
its affairs4 ,x is n a selfi% feel+1 b  
(t5 "o  int5sely social & humane2 n any 
mean fasc9ation ) m]e  mat]ial int]e/s1 
b a devotion to ju/ice & "r1 & an       
ass]tion ( ! sacr$ au?ority ( human     
duties & affections4 ,a  man ?us temp]$ 
deals *iefly ) ?is visible life & 8     
comrades 9 x1 because1 z ne>e/ to him1  
!y are ! bett] kn[n4  ,he plants 8 /&>d 
on ! pres5t1 z on a vantage-gr\nd1 :]e  
he c survey 8 field1 & manuvre all 8    
=ce1 & compute !  battle he is to fight4
 ,:atev] 8 be>+ t[>ds f]vors beyond 8   
range1 he has no ins5sibility to !      
claims t fall )9 8  ackn[l$g$ prov9ce1 &
 t appeal to him 9 ! native spee* (  8  
humanity4 ,he s rev]5ces v]acity1 honor1
 & good fai?1 z to  expect !m l !       
daylight1 & he> ( _! violation ) a  flu%
 ( scorn4 ,8 ^w is a rock1 & he expects 
t y\rs w n  be a quicks&4 ,if y are lax1
 y _c hope = 8 tru/2 b if  y are 9      
tr\ble1 y easily move 8 pity4 ,& ! sight

 ( a real  oppression1 ?\gh ! suff]] be 
no ornam5tal h]o1 b black1  unsightly1 &
 disreputable1 suffices p]haps to set   
him to "w =  life1 t he may expunge !   
disgrace f ! records ( mank9d4  ,su* m5 
z he con/itute = our _w its moral c5tre 
( gravity2  & :oev] w\ld compute ! pa? (
 improvem5t t has br\ght x  ?us f> on   
its way1 or trace its sweep into a      
bright] future1 mu/  take acc\nt ( _!   
/eady mass4    ,! effect ( ?is /yle (   
?\ght & ta/e on ! religion ( its        
possessor is n difficult to trace4 ,x   
may1 no d\bt1 /op %ort (  av[$ &        
consci\s religion altoge!r2 its basis   
be+ simply  moral1 & its sc5e temporal1 
its conditions may be imag9$ z          
complete1 )\t any ackn[l$gm5t ( high]   
relations4 ,b1  practically1 ?is is an  
exceptional case4 ,a deep & rev]5tial   
s5se  ( ,moral ,au?ority passes         
irresi/ibly into ,fai? 9 a ,moral       
,gov]nor2  & ,consci5ce1 z x rises1     
culm9ates 9 ,wor%ip4 ,& to su*  natural 
religion1 ! he>ty reception ( ! reveal$ 

,gospel is s  cong5ial a sequel1 t      
,*ri/ianity has enli/$ its *ief         
body-gu>d--its b& ( ,immortals--f !     
writ]s ( ?is s*ool4 ,9  ! =m :i* !y give
 to ! fai?1 !y are true to !mselves1    
/ill keep+ close to ! human1 &1 except  
to sanction & glorify  ?is1 n apt to    
dwell ^u ! ,div9e4 ,! second table (    
comm&m5t has m reality to !m ?an ! fir/2
 & ! :ole (  religion pres5ts itself to 
_! m9d "u ! idea ( ,law4 ,god 9  ,*ri/  
tea*es u 8 ,w2 publi%es ! puni%m5t & !  
rew>d2  & requires our ob$i5ce2 aid+ u 9
 x by ! p]fect example (  ,*ri/1 &      
reassur+ u "u failure by ! (f] ( p>don  
on  rep5tance4 ,n[ ?is is a true        
,gospel2 n a proposition ( x c be       
ga9said2 & :oev] f 8 he>t c repeat ?is  
cre$2--,god is  holy2 morality1 div9e2  
p5it5ce1 avail+2 goodness1 immortal2    
guilt1 secure ( retribution2 & ,*ri/1   
our patt]n = bo?  lives1--is n f> f !   
k+dom ( ,heav51 & has a fai? z mu*      
beyond ! practice1 z x is %ort ( !      
pr(essions1 ( ! great  mass ( ,*ri/ians4

 ,if he has an equable1 rational1 &     
balanc$  nature2 if he c dep5d on       
himself1 & r$uce 8 w to !  discipl9e (  
rules2 if he h affections temp]ate en\gh
 to foll[  reason in/ead ( lead x1 & to 
love ,god by s5se ( fitness &  ^w (     
comm&2 if moral prud5ce is s /rong 9 him
 t he c  be> ! idea ( do+ good = ! sake 
( ev]la/+ happ9ess2  if no w+ ev] beats 
9 8 s\l t takes him (f 8 feet2--8  wants
 are provid$2 he has guidance = !       
problems t w meet  him on 8             
way1--indications ( duty1--gr\nds (     
tru/1--& a pa?  trac$ ?r\gh e ,ge?semane
 & ,calv>y ( ?is _w1 to !  sa9tly peace 
( ano!r4    ,b :ile ?is is a true       
,gospel1 is x ! :ole ,gospel8 ,n s2     
unless ! voice ( ! ,savi\r is to rea*   
only a "p ( our  humanity1 & 9 response 
draw b a little flock4 ,= n _m (  our   
race are made ( ?is ev5 & unf]m5t+ clay4
 ,:o c d5y  t !re ab\nd1--& among !     
greate/ names ( ,*ri/ian  hi/ory1--     
7#b47 ,passionate natures1 t _c ?us "w  
out _! own  salvation1 b ev] pray to be 

tak5 :i!r ( !mselves !y _c  g8 ,x is n t
 !y are necess>ily weak ( w1 defici5t 9 
self-control1 & unequal to ! human      
moralities4 ,r is x1 t  !y get ?r\gh all
 ^!1 & yet c f9d no peace4 ,duty1 z m5  
measure x1 may be satisfi$2 b /ill !    
face ( ,god does n lift up  its light4  
,= want ( t answ]+ look1 x is all z !   
tillage (  ! black des]t2 digg+ by night
 )\t a heav5 above1 & s[+ 9  s&s :i* no 
dew %all f]tilize4 ,int5se & effectuat+ 
resolve 0  c]ta9ly n want+ 9 ,lu!r2 :at 
8 "y consci5ce impos$1 8  w             
a*iev$1--wa/+ asceticism1 p]sev]+       
devotion1 humble  *>ities2 yet ! %ad[ ( 
dea? brood$ ar\nd 8 irreproa*able       
ob$i5ce4 ,is x n t ! same sorr[ :i*1 9 m
 level m9ds1 is  br\ght by a fall ( ! w1
 arises 9 ^! m5 f ! asc5t (  _!         
aspirations8 ,haunt$ by ! image ( ,god's
 ,hol9ess1 drawn to  x1 yet flutt]+     
helplessly at immeasurable dep?s bel[ x1
 !y  /ra9 aft] an ob$i5ce !y _c rea*1 & 
nev] lose ! s5se (  inf9ite failure4    
,measur$ by _! aims1 _! p[] is no?+4    

,did  ! law ( ,*ri/ require no?+ b works
 :i* ! h& c\ld d1 its  conditions w\ld  
be f9ite1 & might be satisfi$4 ,b its   
claims sweep  ?r\gh ! affections ( !    
s\l2 & :o c make himself love  :]e he is
 cold8 :o set himself beh9d 8 own       
?\ghts1 & keep  guilty intrud]s outside 
! door ( 8 nature8 ,impossible6 ! inn]  
life1 :i* is ! special seat ( our div9e 
conc]ns1 evades our  labor+ prud5ce1 &  
tortures consci5ce )\t obey+ x4 ,h[ !n  
d ^! suff]]s f9d _! emancipation8 ,!y h 
a ,gospel1  accord+ to :i* ,*ri/ is n   
giv5 z ! ,tea*] ( ,law1 b set up  z !   
p]sonal object ( pure ,tru/ & ,love4    
,god s5t 8 ,son 9 !  lik5ess ( s9ful    
fle%1 to mitigate ! ,div9e into         
g5tl5ess1 to  elevate ! ,human into     
hol9ess1 & %[ h[ !re is "o moral        
p]fection = bo?2 surr5d]$ him to        
humiliation & self-sacrifice2  plac$ him
 9 heav52 & (f]$ to accept pure fai? &  
love t[>ds  him z ! reconcil+ t]m = !   
human s\l1--z ! sub/itute =  an         
unatta9able ideal ( ob$i5ce4 ,"h !n is !

 salvation ( ^!  passionate natures4    
,?is simple tru/1 ?is int5se affection1 
is  precisely :at !y h to give4 ,!y _c  
direct !mselves2 b  only fix _! love1 & 
y may lead !m z a *ild4 ,self-discipl9e 
is impossible2 self-escape triumphant4  
,try f )9 to hold !  /ruggl+ w9ds ( _!  
nature ) iron b&s ( law1 & y d b  /ir ! 
sleep+ /orms4 ,set 9 ! heav5s )\t an orb
 ( div9e  attraction1--a new /> 9 !     
,ea/1--& y c>ry _! :ole  atmosph]e away4
 ,engage _! fai?2 & = ! fir/ "t !y w    
prevail ov] _! "w4 ,let !re be an appeal
 ( ,grace to _!  en?usiasm1--a :isp]$   
^w1 ,love/ ?\ me8--& ! v burd5  t 0 too 
heavy to be borne loses all its weight2 
& ! drudg+  mill ( habit1 t seem$ s     
s]vile once1 !y pace ) songs &  joy4    
,!re are m5 :o s ne$ to be ?us c>ri$ out
 ( !mselves1  t )\t x _! nature runs to 
wa/e1 or burns away )  self-consum+     
fires4 ,!y are l "o :o1 9 a dream1 %\ld 
set  himself to climb a f>-(f           
m\nta9-top2 if he tries to run1 he _c   
ev5 creep1 & only wakes himself to f9d t

 he lies /ill on ! b$  ( nature4 ,b if !
 ?\ght ( 8 m9d %\ld be1 t an  ov]ma/]+  
p[]--*>iot ( fire & horses ( fire--lifts
 him away1  he floats ?r\gh ! cle>      
space1 till1 )\t ef=t1 8 feet /&  ^u !  
vision>y hills4    ,"h !n1 aga91--9 ?is 
doctr9e ( ,fai?1--we h a true ,gospel1  
speak+ to _m he>ts imp5etrable by !     
doctr9e ( ,works4 ,b  h we ev5 yet !    
:ole ,gospel8 ,has ! ,good ,%eph]d1 9 ^!
  two words1 made 8 voice kn[n to all t 
are 88 ,or are !re  o!r %eep /ill to be 
ga!r$ t are n ( ^! folds8 ,i  believe   
!re are4 ,= ?us f> we h look$ only at ! 
moral  side ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1--at its 
diff]5t answ]s to ! problem  ( ,s91--at 
! conditions ( ultimate acceptance )    
,god1  not)/&+ deep unwor?9ess4 ,:e!r y 
say1 ,pati5tly obey1  & y %all gr[ into 
p]fection ( fai? & love2 or1 ,fl+       
y\rself on fai? & love1 & y w f9d grace 
= pati5t  ob$i5ce2--9 ei!r case y are   
prescrib+ t]ms ( salvation2 y  h !      
future life specially 9 m9d1 & are      
anxi\s to make  ready ! s\l !re to meet 

h] ,god4 ,b !re are p]sons :o  _c fix   
any p>ticul> solicitude ^u t crisis1 z  
if all  be=e 7 probation1 & all aft] 7  
judgm5t1--z if "h 7  only fai? 9 an     
abs5t1 & !re sight ( a pres5t ,god2--:o 
_c  dramatically divide exi/5ce into a  
two-act piece1 fir/ ,"t1 !n  ,et]nity1 &
 wait = ! ,inf9ite ,pres5ce1 till !     
curta9 rises  betwe5 !m2 b are haunt$ by
 ! feel+ t1 z ,"t is 9  ,et]nity1 s is  
,man already %ut up 9 ,god4 ,?is is !   
indig5\s  s5tim5t ( ano!r natural type (
 m9d1 :i* may be call$1--    7#c47 ,!   
,spiritual4 ,god is a ,_s2 man has a _s2
 bo?1 ,n[2  bo?1 ,"h2 & %all !y nev]    
meet8 %all !y rema9 )\t  ex*ange (      
looks8 %all no?+ break ! seal ( et]nal  
sil5ce8 is  !re really love betwe5 !m1 &
 ?\ght1 & purpose1 & yet all            
recognition dumb8 ,:y tell u ( ,god's   
,omnisci5ce1 if x only sleeps  ar\nd u l
 dead space1 or at mo/ lies wat*+1 l a  
s5t9el  ( ! univ]se1 n free to /ir8 ,:o 
c\ld ev] pray to ?is  motionless        
,imm5sity8 :o weep 8 griefs to re/ on a 

,pity s secret  & res]v$8 ,surely if ,he
 is a ,liv+ ,m9d1 he n m]ely rema9s  ov]
 f a ,div9e ,pa/ to appe> aga9 9 a      
,div9e ,future1 b moves  ?r\gh !        
imm$iate h\rs1 & awak5s a ?\s&          
sanctities to-day4  ,urg$ by su*        
que/ion+s z ^!1 m5 ( m$itative piety h  
?ir/$ = consci\s communion ) !          
,all-holy2--communion bo?  ways3 appeal 
& response2 a cross+ l9e ( light f eye  
to eye2  a quiet walk ) ,god1 :]e all ! 
du/ ( life turns1 at 8  approa*1 into ! 
gre5 mead[1 & its flat pools into !     
glid+  wat]s4 ,!y h retir$ )9 to meet   
him2 h believ$ t all  is n ours t x is  
ours to feel2 t !re is ,grace ( 8  m+l+ 
) ! inn] fibres ( our nature1 & fl++ 91 
across  ! con/ant w>p ( our p]sonality1 
fly+ t9ts ( deep] beauty1  & h9ts ( a   
patt]n m div9e4 ,& all h agre$1 t1 9    
ord] to rea* ?is ,holy ,_s1 & ?r\gh its 
vivify+ t\* be  born aga91 ! "o ?+      
ne$ful is a /ripp+ (f ( self1 an        
ab&onm5t ( p]sonal desire & w1 a return 
to simplicity1 & a  docile li/5+ to !   

:isp]s spontane\s f ,god4 ,!y f9d all   
s9 to be a ris+ up ( self2 all return to
 hol9ess & peace a  s9k+ d[n f self1 a  
free surr5d] ( ! s\l1--t asks  no?+1    
possesses no?+1 t relaxes e rigid /ra91 
& is  pliant to g :i!r ! highe/ ,w may  
lead4 ,nature1 ( h] own  fooli%ness1 ev]
 goes a/ray 9 h] que/ ( div9e ?+s2 w&]+ 
away 9 flights ( labor+ ,reason to f9d  
h] ,god2 pant+ )  ov]-pli$ resolve to d 
h] "w2 s*em+ rules1 & artifices1 &      
bonds ( union = =m+ h] individuals into 
a ,*ur*4 ,rev]se all  ?is1 & fall back  
on ! c5tre ( ! ,_s1 in/ead ( press+  out
 9 all radii ( y\r own4 ,let ,intellect 
droop h] ambiti\s w+1  & come home2 !re1
 9 ! inmo/ room ( consci5ce1 ,god seeks 
y  all ! :ile4 ,la% y\r we>i$ /r5g? no  
m2 sit l[ & weak  ^u ! gr\nd1 ) lov+    
read9ess hi!rw>d or ?i!rw>d1 &  y %all  
be tak5 ?r\gh y\r "w ) a sev5fold /r5g? 
t  has no ef=t 9 x4 ,leave y\rself a:ile
 9 utt] solitude1 %ut out  all ?\ghts ( 
o!r m51 yield up :atev] int]v5es1 ?\gh x
 be  ! ?9ne/ film1 betwe5 y\r s\l &     

,god2 & 9 ?is absolute  lonel9ess1 ! g]m
 ( a holy society w ( itself appe>1 a   
temp]  ( sympa?y & m]cy1 tru/ful &      
g5tle1 suffuses itself ?r\gh  ! :ole    
m9d3 ?\gh y h se5 no "o1 y h met all2 & 
are  girt = any err& ( s]vice t love may
 f9d4 ,s !n1 if !re  7 tw5ty or a ?\s& 9
 ?is case1 _! wills w\ld fl[  toge!r (  
_! own accord1 & f9d !mselves 9         
bro!rhood  )\t a plan at all4    ,s     
speaks ?is doctr9e ( ! ,_s4 ,x matt]s n 
n[ "u :i* (  its _m !ologic =ms we      
conceive x2 simple/ p]haps1 t !         
,indwell+ ,god1 :o 9 ,*ri/ 0 ! ,^w1 is 9
 u ! ,com=t]4 ,b  surely1 ?is also is n 
altoge!r a false ,gospel4 ,x rescues !  
conception ( direct communion betwe5 !  
human _s & !  ,div9e1--a conception     
ess5tial to ! ,*ri/ian life1--:i* an    
,e?ical  ,gospel does n adequately      
secure3 = communion mu/ be betwe5 l  &  
l1 :ile ob$i5ce may be f slave to "l1   
nay1 9 "s s5se1  f ma*9e to mak]4 ,nor  
is x a slight ?+ to take ! scales f  our
 eyes t hide f u ! sanctities ( our     

imm$iate life2 to  aboli% ! po/ponem5t (
 et]nity2 &1 wayf>]s z we are1 make u   
feel1 z we rise f our /ony pill[ & pass 
on1 t "h is !  abode ( ,god1 & "h does !
 angel-ladd] t\* ! gr\nd6 ,yet ?is  too 
is n ! :ole ,gospel4 ,x absorbs too mu* 
9 ,god4 ,x sc>cely  saves human         
p]sonality & responsibility4 ,x does no 
ju/ice to  nature1 :i* x reg>ds z !     
negative ( ,god4 ,x melts away ,law 9   
,love1 & hides ! rocky /ructure ( ?is   
moral _w 9 a sunny haze  t confuses e>? 
& air4    ,:at1 !n1 %all we say ( ^!    
?ree types ( ,*ri/ian fai?8 ,d  y d\bt  
_! reality8 ,x is demon/rat$ )9 ! c5tury
 :i*  we close ?is day4 ,= :ile our     
=efa!rs 7 d$icat+ ?is  h\se ( pray] to !
 fir/1 ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ian ,duty1      
,wesley  _h already become ! prophet ( !
 la/1--! new bir? ( !  ,_s2 & erelong   
,evangelicism />t$ up1 & proclaim$ !    
second1--! ,salvation by ,fai?4 ,d y    
d\bt _! durability &  p]man5ce8 ,x is   
prov$ by eighte5 c5turies' exp]i5ce1 = !
  ,new ,te/am5t is n old]4 ,!re1 )9 !   

gr\p ( sacr$ books  !mselves1 d !y all  
lie2 ! ,jewi% ,gospels repres5t ! fir/2 
! ,g5tile ,apo/le's lett]s1 ! second2 ! 
writ+s ( ! belov$  disciple1 ! ?ird4    
,mat!w1 z e read] mu/ rem>k1 is = !     
,law2 ,paul1 = ,fai?2 & ,john1 = ! ,_s4 
,&1 9 e age1 !  great mass ( ,*ri/ian   
t5d5cies break !mselves into ^! ?ree    
=ms3--,ebionite1 ,paul9e1 &             
contemplative ,gno/ic2 ,pelagian1       
,augu/9ian1 & ,my/ic2 ,jesuit1 ,jans5i/1
 & ,quieti/2 ,arm9ian1  ,lu!ran1 &      
,quak]2 all proclaim ! p]sev]ance ( !   
same  ess5tial types1 :]ev] ! _s ( ,*ri/
 alights ^u !  v>i\s he>t ( man4    ,is 
,*ri/ !n divid$8 ,is he n equal to !    
:ole ( our  humanity8 ,r let u say1 t we
 are small & weak = !  measure ( 8      
heav5ly wisdom4 ,d\btless1 if we take   
:at we c  hold1 & put x to fai?ful      
application1 we h grace en\gh =  e      
p]sonal exig5cy4 ,b !re is1 surely1 an  
evil insep>able  f all p>tial           
developm5ts ( religion1 :i* only satisfy
 !  imm$iate crav+s ( ! m9d1 & leave    

p>ts ( our nature--asleep  p]haps at !  
mom5t--liable to wake & ?ir/ aga94 ,su* 
sep>ate  gr[?s run out _! res\rces &    
exhau/ !mselves 9 a few  g5]ations4 ,at 
fir/1 !y answ] to "s felt want2 !y      
collect a  cong5ial multitude1 & op5 to 
!m a spiritual refuge t ends  _! w&]+s4 
,b ! s5tim5t1 once br\ght into a cont5t$
  /ate1 ceases to be importunate &      
prom95t2 & by its abatem5t  gives       
opportunity = o!r feel+s to v9dicate _! 
exi/5ce4  ,:5 ! w\nd is b\nd up & has   
lo/ its sm>t1 ! natural hung]  beg9s to 
tell4 ,! *ildr5 gr[ up o!r ?an ! fa!rs1 
p]haps  q z limit$1 only 9 diff]5t      
ways1--) affections press+  into j !    
vacant places ( an e>li] age4 ,mean:ile1
 !  imp]fection ( ! orig9al basis has   
provok$ reactions equally (  n>r[       
scope1--equally incapable ( p]man5tly   
fill+ ! capacities  ( ! ,*ri/ian m9d4   
,h5ce ! dang]1 if ! sep>ate ve9s (      
?\ght be /ill work$ on z !y ?9 away1 t !
 sects %\ld  deg5]ate into poor         
!ological egotisms1 & we> !mselves      

ins5sibly out4 ,x _c be d5i$ t all !    
?ree religi\s  movem5ts ( ! la/         
c5tury--repres5t$ by ,taylor1 by        
,wesley1 by  ,c[p]--exhibit ! symptoms (
 sp5t /r5g?1 & are little likely  to    
play aga9 ! "p !y h play$ be=e4    ,yet 
e "o ( _! ,gospels is true at he>t2 & ! 
tree t  holds t pi? is a tree ( life1   
:i* ! ,et]nal husb&man ha?  plant$2 & if
 he prune x1 x is only t x may be> m    
fruit4  ,! weakness ( ^! fai?s is 9 _!  
isolation2 & if _! sap  c\ld b m+le1 if 
no elem5t 7 lo/ :i* !y c draw f !  root 
( ! v9e1 a "y frondesc5t life w\ld %[   
itself aga94  ,^? :o ?9k t ! future c   
only repeat ! pa/1 w deem  ?is          
impossible2 ?\gh lea/ ( all %\ld x appe>
 s to u :o  pr(ess ourselves ,*ri/ians &
 only ,*ri/ians1 pl$g$ to  no?+ b to lie
 op5 to all ,god's tru?4 ,= myself ,i   
indulge a  joyful hope t ! next c5tury (
 ,*ri/5dom w be nobl] ?an  ! la/2 t !   
great ,fai?s :i* h /ruggl$ sep>ately    
into  ! light ( ! "o1 w fl[ toge!r on ! 
broad] & less  brok5 surface ( ! o!r4   

,if1 h[ev]1 ?is is to be1 x w arise  f  
no m]e intellectual scrut9y1 ^: function
 w ev] be to  di/+ui%1 & n to unite1 &1 
9 proportion z x dom9ates  alone1 to    
trace ev]-new l9es ( critical div]g5cy4 
,:5 !  problem ( ,*ri/5dom is1 to deliv]
 ! individual m9d f !  op]ation ( an    
ov]:elm+ social p[]1 !n x is seasonable 
to  insi/ on ! pr9ciple ( free inquiry2 
because !n y h a dead  mass to          
dis9tegrate1 ere any "y & liv+ =ce c    
urge its way4  ,b :5 y h won ?is        
victory1 & :5 individualism ceases to   
be dev\t & t5ds to p>ty self-w1 ! h\r   
comes to proclaim  ! conv]se lesson1 &  
break up ! va9 reliance on m]e lib]ty  (
 ?\ght4 ,dep5d ^u x1 ,unity lies 9      
pr(\nd] /rata ( our  nature ?an any     
tillage ( ! m]e intellect c rea*4 ,s9k  
deeply  into ! inmo/ life ( any ,*ri/ian
 fai?1 & y w t\* !  gr\nd ( all4 ,did we
 d no?+ ) our religion except live by   
x2 did we =get ! pres5ce ( d\bt &       
contradiction2 did x  cease to be a cre$
 ab\t ,god & become simply an exi/5ce 9 

,god2  did we ex*ange self-ass]tion be=e
 m5 = self-surr5d] to  him2--we %\ld f9d
 ourselves side by side ) unexpect$     
fri5ds1  %\ld be a/oni%$ at our petulant
 divisions1 & replace ! poor  *>ity (   
mutual =be>ance by ! free consci\sness (
 inw>d  sympa?y4 ,= u especially1 :o    
feel ! temptations ( an  exceptional    
position1 is x ! prime duty to live &   
move & h  our be+ 9 ! div9e sanctities t
 hold u1 9 t :i* we h  n be5 oblig$ to  
?r[ away2 else might our ,gospel be no  
fruit-be>+ bran*1 dr9k+ f ! root ( !    
v9e1 b a dead  residuum1 )]$ & hopeless4
 ,rememb] t1 if ,s9 be n  orig9al1 all !
 m mu/ x be actual1 & ! deep] %\ld  its 
%ad[ lie ^u ! ,consci5ce1 & t\* u ) !   
mood (  fai?fulness & pray]4 ,if1 9     
reconcil+ man ) ,god1 !re is no  vic>i\s
 sacrifice possible1 s mu* ! m rema9s   
ov] =  self-sacrifice1 z ! only pa? (   
communion & peace4 ,if y w  h x t ,*ri/ 
is only human1 s mu* ! m ,div9e is y\r  
humanity to be2 y _c assume t z ! type (
 y\r nature1  )\t at lea/ own+ t its    

ess5ce lies1 & its glory is f\nd1  n 9 !
 natural man1 b 9 ! spiritual man2 & by 
?is v  confession1 y r5\nce ! l[ aims ( 
! worldly m9d1 & take on  y\rself ! v[s 
( ! sa9tly4 ,let believ]s only be true  
to !  grace !y h1 & m w be giv52 & ent] 
:]e !y may !  _m-gat$ sanctu>y ( !      
,*ri/ian life1 !y w t5d ev]  inw>ds to !
 same c5tre1 & meet at la/ 9 ! holie/ ( 
all4  ,keep+ a rev]5t eye fix$ on !     
p]son & _s ( ,*ri/1 !y  _c b f9d _!     
p>tial appreh5sions correct$ & enl>g$2  
= 8 div9e image is complete 9 its       
revelation1 & rebukes e  n>r[] ,gospel4 
,moral p]fectness1 div9e communion1 free
  self-sacrifice1--all bl5d 9           
him1--indi/+ui%able elem5ts ( "o        
expression4 ,9 t augu/ & holy pres5ce1  
our divisions s9k  aba%$1 & he>1 z (    
old1 ! ^w ( recall1 ,ye "k n :at  _s ye 
are (4 ,or if1 ?r\gh our infirmities1 t 
graci\s =m1  appe>+ 9 ! mid/ z we       
disc\rse among ourselves & are  p]plex$ 
& sad1 d n suffice to op5 our eyes &    
make u less  sl[ ( he>t to "o ano!r & to

 him1 at lea/ 9 t high]  _w1 :i!r our   
=]unn]s are gone1 8 liv+ look w p]fect  
! communion ( sa9ts4 ,!re at l5g? !     
gue/s ( 8 b\nty w  f9d t1 ?\gh at       
sep>ate tables1 !y h all be5 f$ by !    
same bread ( life1 & t\*$ _! lips ) !   
same w9e (  remembrance3 !re1 ! voices (
 ! wise1 (t5 discordant "h1--(  ,taylor 
& ,wesley1 ( ,enfield & ,c[p]1 ( ,heb] &
 ,*ann+1--w  bl5d 9 h>mony2--& ! notes (
 ! la/ age w n be ! lea/  9 t mighty    
*orus :i* cr[ds ! /eps ( eighte5        
c5turies1  &1 conv]g+ to _! immortal    
,head1 s+s ! solemn /ra91  ,great &     
m>vell\s are ?y works1 ,"l ,god         
,almighty6 ,j & true  are all ?y ways1  
?\ ,k+ ( ,sa9ts6          ,,/4 ,,paul   
,,& ,,8 ,,mod]n ,,/ud5ts4        ,!     
,life & ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,by !     
,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,conybe>e1      ,m4,a41  
late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1         
,cambridge2 & ! ,rev4 ,j4      ,s4      
,,h[son1 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( !          
,collegiate ,in/itution1      ,liv]pool4
 #b vols4 #dto4 ,longmans4 #aheb4       

,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians3
 ) ,critical ,notes      &              
,diss]tations4 ,by ,,ar?ur ,,p5rhyn     
,,/anley1 ,m4,a41 ,canon (              
,cant]bury1 late ,fell[ & ,tutor (      
,univ]sity ,college1 ,ox=d1      c4 #b  
vols4 #hvo4 ,murray4 #ahee4        ,!   
,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,!ssalonians1 
,galatians1 ,romans3      ) ,critical   
,notes & ,diss]tations4 ,by ,,b5jam9    
,,j[ett1 ,m4,a41      ,fell[ & ,tutor ( 
,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 #b vols4 #hvo4
 ,murray4      #ahee4      ,^!          
treatises1 be>+ on _! title-pages !     
names ( our two  ecclesia/ical          
,univ]sities1 give happy signs ( a new  
era 9 ,engli%  !ology4 ,!y %[ h[        
effectually we h escap$ f ! morbid      
religi\s ph5om5a repres5t$ by ,simeon at
 ,cambridge1 & !  c\nt]-irritants appli$
 by ,john ,h5ry ,newman at ,ox=d2 & come
 z  ! return+ brea? ( nature to ^? :o h 
witness$ ! fev]s  ( ,evangelical        
conv]sion or ! consumptive asceticism ( 
,anglican piety4 ,on look+ back1 f !    

position n[ atta9$1 x  seems wond]ful t 
we c\ld ev]1 ) ,/4 ,paul's writ+s 9 our 
h&s1 h be5 betray$ into ei!r ( ^!       
opposite extravagances3  = any?+ m      
absolutely =eign to 8 bread? &          
univ]sality  ?an ! ,g5evan dogma1 or m  
at v>iance ) 8 free spirituality  ?an ! 
sacram5tal sy/em1 x is impossible to    
conceive4 ,b x is  ! peculi> fate (     
sacr$ writ+s1 t ! la/ ?+ elicit$  f !m  
is _! own real mean+4 ,! v greatness (  
_!  au?ority puts ! read]'s faculties   
into a false attitude2 creates  an      
eag]ness1--an inflexible int5sity1--t   
defeats its own end2  &1 9 p>ticul>1    
gives undue asc5d5cy to ! upp]mo/ want &
  feel+ t may be crav+ satisfaction4    
,h5ce ! t5d5cy (  ,scriptural           
int]pretation to proce$ by action &     
reaction2 an easy  e?ical ,arm9ianism   
be+ succe$$ by a sev]e ,calv9ism1 & !   
reliance on individual grace giv+ way   
be=e ! advance (  sac]dotal & ,*ur*     
ideas4 ,:5 ! opposite errors h sp5t     
!mselves1 ! requisite repose ( m9d w be 

recov]$ = read+  j ! ?\ght t lies ^u !  
page3 "h & !re an eye w  be f\nd1 nei!r 
/ra9$ ) pre-occupy+ visions1 n sc>$ by  
sceptic %ad[s1 b cle> = ! appreh5sion ( 
reality1 z ,god has  %ap$ x = our       
p]ception4 ,at l5g? we h rea*$ ?is      
crisis (  promise2 & critics are f\nd   
:o1 in/ead ( int]rogat+ ,/4 ,paul  on   
all sorts ( mod]n que/ions1 li/5 to him 
on 8 own2 & draw  f him1 n a fanci$     
v]dict on ! sixte5? c5tury1 b a  fai?ful
 picture ( ! fir/4    ,& = ?is hi/orical
 purpose1 ! writ+s ( ! great ,g5tile    
,apo/le are ( p>am\nt value1 & ju/ly    
occupy ! inquir]'s fir/  rese>*es4 ,!   
mo/ consid]able ( !m are ( unimpea*able 
au!nticity4 ,!y are ! v e>lie/ ,*ri/ian 
writ+s we  possess4 ,!y are !           
productions ( a man m cle>ly kn[n to u  
?an any ( ! fir/ mission>ies ( !        
,gospel4 ,!y are lett]s3  ab\nd+ 9      
disclosures ( p]sonal feel+s1 (         
biographical  incid5t1 ( *ang+ moods (  
?\ght1 ( outw>d & inw>d  conflict4 ,!y  
are address$ to "y communities1 scatt]$ 

ov] a  va/ area1 & compos$ ( diff]+     
elem5ts2 & exhibit ! :ole  f]m5tation ( 
_! new life1 ! scruples1 ! he>t-burn+s1 
!  noble inspirations1 ! griev\s        
factions1 ( ! ,apo/olic age4 ,!         
,gospels & ! ,book ( ,acts treat no d\bt
 ( a prior p]iod1 b  proce$ f a po/]ior1
 ( ^: /ate ( m9d1 ^:  retrospective     
!ories conc]n+ ! m9i/ry ( ,*ri/1 x is ( 
prim>y importance to ! criticism ( !    
,evangeli/s t we %\ld  be in=m$2 & on ^!
 po9ts ! ,paul9e ,epi/les are !         
indisp5sable gr\ndwork ( all our k or   
conjecture4 ,9 !m  we cat* ! ,*ri/ian   
doctr9e & tradition at an e>li] /age ?an
  any o!r canonical book repres5ts      
?r\gh\t4 ,al?\gh !  n>ratives ( ! ,new  
,te/am5t d\btless ab\nd 9 mat]ial drawn 
fai?fully f a m primitive "t1 !y are    
c]ta9ly n free  f ! t\* & t9cture ( !   
po/-,paul9e age4 ,h[ p[]ful an  in/rum5t
 ! ,apo/le's lett]s may become = ei!r   
confirm+ or  *eck+ ! hi/orical records1 
may be readily conceiv$ by e  read] (   
,paley's ,hor ,paul94 ,9 f9e1 if x be a 

j pr9ciple1  9 hi/orical criticism1 to  
proce$ f ! m kn[n to ! less  kn[n1--to  
beg9 f a date t yields contempor>y      
docum5ts1 &  "w !nce into ! subjac5t &  
sup]jac5t /rata ( ev5ts1--!  elucidation
 ( ,*ri/ian antiquity mu/ take its      
comm5cem5t f !  ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul4   
,except 9 its g5]al simil>ity ( subject1
 ! fir/ ( ! ?ree  works m5tion$ at !    
head ( ?is article admits ( no comp>ison
  ) ! o!r two4 ,x is r an illu/rat$     
guide-book to !  ,apo/le's _w ( place & 
"t1 ?an a p]sonal introduction to       
himself4 ,! au?ors are highly accompli%$
 & s*ol>ly m51 &  c\ld n fail1 9 deal+ )
 an hi/orical !me1 to br+ toge!r  & gr\p
 ) consci5ti\s skill a va/ /ore (       
ar*ological &  topographical detail2 to 
weigh *ronological difficulties ) pati5t
  c>e2 to translate ) philological      
precision1 & due aim at  accuracy (     
text4 ,!y h accord+ly produc$ a truly   
int]e/+  & in/ructive book3 s           
in/ructive1 inde$1 t by f> !  great] "p 
( its in=mation w\ld1 probably1 h be5 q 

new  to ,/4 ,paul himself4 ,8 life seems
 to u to be injudici\sly ov]laid  ) :at 
is :olly =eign to x1 & = ! sake (       
picturesque  effect to be set ^u a /age 
q invisible to him4 ,he 0 n  ,pr9cipal (
 a ,collegiate ,in/itution1 accu/om$ to 
exam9e boys 9  ,attic or ,latian        
geography2 0 n famili> ) ,?ucydides or  
,grote2  0 indiff]5t to ! ,amphictyonic 
,c\ncil2 &1 9 ! vic9ity (  ,salamis &   
,m>a?on1 probably read ! pa/ no m ?an a 
,brahm9  w\ld 9 travell+ ov] ,edgehill  
or ,m>/on ,moor4 ,! _w ( ea*  man mu/ be
 measur$ f 8 own spiritual c5tre1 & w   
take 9  mu* less 9 "o direction1 mu* m 9
 ano!r1 ?an is spread  b5ea? 8 eye4 ,he 
_c be rea*$ by geographical approa*es4  
,y  may det]m9e ! elem5ts ( 8 orbit1 &  
yet miss him aft] all4  ,x is an        
illusory process to pa9t ! anci5t _w z x
 w\ld look  to an ,hell5ic g5tleman !n1 
or a univ]sity s*ol> n[2 & !n  ?9k h[   
,/4 ,paul w\ld feel 9 pass+ ?r\gh x to  
conv]t x4 ,!  indirect influ5ce ( ?is   
k9d ( conception seems to u app>5t  bo? 

9 ,mr4 ,conybe>e's translation & ,mr4   
,h[son's n>rative &  descriptions4 ,!   
outw>d sc5e & conditions ( ! ,apo/le's  
c>e]  are elaborately display$2 b m ) ! 
mod]n academic ?an )  ! old ,hebrew tone
 ( color+2 & ! ,engli% v]sion1 scrupul\s
  & delicate z x is1 has1 to our ta/e1 a
 g5]al flavor q  diff]5t f ! orig9al    
,greek4 ,unconsci\sly entangl$ 9 !      
classifications & symbols ( ! ,prote/ant
 !ology1 ! au?ors  are deta9$ outside ! 
real g5ius & feel+ ( ! ,apo/le4    ,( a 
f> high] ord] are ! o!r two             
works1--produc$1 we inf]  f _! num]\s   
correspond5ces ( bo? =m & sub/ance1 n   
)\t conc]t betwe5 ! au?ors4 ,inde$1 !   
same explanation (  ! m]its ( ,la*mann's
 text 7pr9t$ )\t translation by ,mr4    
,/anley1 & ) ! adapt$ au?oriz$ v]sion by
 ,mr4 ,j[ett7 is  made to s]ve = bo?4 ,s
 cle>ly & comp5di\sly is ?is            
explanation drawn1 t1 9 ! next edition (
 ,la*mann1 ,mr4 ,j[ett's  introduction  
might usefully be annex$ to ! great     
critic's r  tangl$ & awkw>d preface4 ,( 

! sup]ior fidelity ( ?is  rec5sion1 we  
?9k no habitual read] ( ! ,greek        
,scriptures c  reasonably d\bt2 & !     
recognition ( its au?ority fulfils a    
prior  condition ( all sci5tific !ology4
 ,! text be+ *os5 on gr\nds  purely     
critical1 ! notes are writt5 9 a _s     
purely exegetical2  !y aim1 simply & )  
r>e self-abnegation1 to br+ out1 by e   
happy *ange ( light & turn ( reflective 
sympa?y1 ! great  ,apo/le's real ?\ght &
 feel+4 ,h[ v f> ?is fai?ful  hi/oric   
purpose 9 itself raises ! int]pret]     
above ! cr[d (  erudite & comm5t+       
div9es1 c sc>cely be und]/ood till x has
  =m$ a new g5]ation1 & fix$ itself z a 
di/9ct intellectual  type4 ,x is n1     
h[ev]1 an affair ( m]e w & disposition2 
b1  l mo/ ( ! high] ex]cises ( v]acity1 
comes into op]ation  only z ! la/ result
 ( m5tal tact & afflu5ce4 ,) ! mo/      
hone/ int5tions t[>ds ,/4 ,paul1 a      
critic )\t psy*ological  insight &      
dialectic pliancy1 )\t p[] ( melt+ d[n 8
  mod]n ab/ractions & r$i/ribut+ !m 9 ! 

m\lds ( ! old  reali/ic ?\ght1--a critic
 )\t entrance into ! passionate  dep?s (
 human nature1--a critic pre-occupi$ by 
,ca?olic or  ,prote/ant assumptions1 &  
untra9$ to imag9e ! que/ions &  int]e/s 
( ! fir/ age1--_c surr5d] himself to !  
natural  impression ( ! ,apo/le's       
language4 ,! disciple & ! ma/] are1  9  
su* case1 at cross-purposes ) "o ano!r2 
! que/ions put  are n ! que/ions answ]$2
 ! int]locutors d n really meet1  b w9d 
9 a maze ab\t ea* o!r's loci1 n to end  
till !  unconsci\s int]pret] has set 8  
fantasies )9 ! %ad[ (  inspiration4 ,no 
su* bl9d *ase is possible to our au?ors4
 ,!y h  a*iev$ ! conditions ( fidelity2 
& br+ to a task1 9 :i* !  tru?ful &     
sagaci\s _s ( ,locke _h already fix$ !  
/&>d  high1 ! ampl] res\rces ( mod]n    
le>n+1 & m practis$  habit ( hi/oric    
comb9ation4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( _! "w1 ! 
diff]5ce ( natural g5ius betwe5 ! two   
au?ors has p]haps be5  consult$1 & is1  
at all ev5ts1 di/9ctly express$4 ,mr4   
,/anley's  aptitude = reproduc+ ! image 

( ! pa/1 8 appreh5sive  sympa?y ) !     
concrete & individual elem5ts ( ! _w1   
fitly  engage !mselves ) ! composite =ms
 ( ,cor9?ian society1 &  ! mo/ p]sonal1 
v>i\s1 & objective ( ! ,apo/le's lett]s4
  ,= ! m speculative ,epi/les to !      
,galatians & ! ,romans1  !re 0 ne$ (    
,mr4 ,j[ett's philosophical dep? &      
subtilty4 ,!  /rictness ) :i* he re/ra9s
 ^! s$uctive gifts to ! prop]  bus9ess (
 ! int]pret]1 is n less admirable ?an _!
  occasional happy application4 ,in/ead 
( be+ employ$ to =ce ^u  ! ,apo/le a    
logical precision =eign to 8 habit1 !y  
are *iefly  engag$ 9 detect+ & wip+ out 
false niceties ( di/9ction  drawn by    
lat] !ology1 & ?r[+ back ea* doctr9al   
/atem5t  into its orig9al degree (      
indet]m9at5ess4 ,x is n 9 !  notes1--:i*
 are :olly occupi$ 9 recov]+ ,/4 ,paul's
 own  ?\ght1--b 9 ! int]pos$            
disquisitions1 :i* av[$ly deal  ) !     
!ology ( to-day1 t a c]ta9 bread? &     
balance (  /atem5t1 & delicate ease 9   
manuvr+ ! =ms & anti!ses  ( ab/ract     

?\ght1 & f9e appreciation ( human       
exp]i5ce1 make  u feel ! d\ble pres5ce (
 metaphysical p[] & hi/orical tact4  ,! 
au?or1 accord+ly1 appe>s to u1 n only to
 h seiz$ !  great ,apo/le's attitude (  
m9d m happily ?an any prec$+  ,engli%   
critic1 b also to h sep>at$ ! ess5ce f !
  accid5ts ( ! ,paul9e ,*ri/ianity1 &   
dis5gag$ its div9e  elem5ts =           
transfusion into ! organism ( our       
imm$iate life4 ,mr4  ,/anley appe>s to h
 m difficulty 9 unres]v$ly adh]+ to  !  
purely hi/orical view1 & cl]ically      
flutt]s1 )\t cle>  occasion1 on !       
outskirts ( edification2--! critic 9 8  
notes1  ! prea*] 9 8 p>aphrase2 conc$+ 9
 act m readily ?an 9  "n1 & apologiz+ = 
f9d+ human +r$i5ts 9 ! ,apo/les  & _!   
doctr9es1 z if x 7 he1 & n ,god1 t w\ld 
h  !m !re4 ,?is t5d5cy to blur ! l9es   
:i* he himself draws  betwe5 ! tempor>y 
& ! p]man5t 9 ! ,scriptures ) :i*  he   
deals1 is ! only fault we c f9d ) ,mr4  
,/anley2 ^:  associate1 cl++ less to !  
pa/1 9 effect pres]ves m = !  pres5t4   

,to le>n ! ext]nal sc5e ( ! ,apo/le's   
c>e]1 we w\ld  ref] our read]s to       
,messrs4 ,conybe>e & ,h[son2 to         
appreciate 8  moral surr\nd+s1 & !      
problems x pres5t$1 especially on !     
e?nic side1 !y may take ,mr4 ,/anley z  
_! guide2 b = insight  into ! ,apo/le   
himself1 & outlook on ! _w z x seem$ to 
him1 !y mu/ resort to ,mr4 ,j[ett4    ,!
 ,paul9e ,epi/les are int]e/+1 ap>t f   
all assumption (  inspir$ au?ority1     
because ! elem5ts are se5 f]m5t+ !re (  
! greate/ kn[n revolution bo? 9 ! hi/ory
 ( ! _w & 9  ! spiritual consci\sness ( 
individual man4 ,judaism 0 ! n>r[e/  7t 
is1 ! mo/ special7 ( religions2         
,*ri/ianity1 ! mo/ human  &             
compreh5sive4 ,)9 a few ye>s1 ! latt] 0 
evolv$ out ( !  =m]2 tak+ all its       
int5sity & durability1 )\t resort to any
  ( its limitations4 ,?is m>vell\s      
expansion ( ! national into !  univ]sal 
0 n a*iev$ )\t a process & a conflict4  
,div9e  ?\gh ! "w 01 x _h to be wr\ght  
^u m51 & ?r\gh m51  ^: "*1 int]e/s1     

convictions1 habits1 & in/itutions      
furni%$ ! data condition+ ! problem1 &  
^: remodell$  affections & w suppli$ !  
in/rum5ts = its solution4 ,! laws  (    
human nature1 !re=e1 & ! action ( human 
ev5ts1 necess>ily  ent] into ! /udy (   
?is great revolution2 & x _c be deta9$  
out ( ! h&s ( ! hi/orian by any         
exclusive rights ( ! div9e4  ,:5 we     
endeavor to trace ! successive /eps (   
fai? f ,m\nt ,zion  to ! ,vatican1 _m   
p>ts ( ! progress appe> to h left b     
scanty ve/ige4 ,we "k ! beg9n+1 9 !     
doctr9e ( ! ,hebrew  ,messiah2 we "k !  
end1 9 ! recognition ( a ,savi\r ( ! _w4
  ,we "k ! int]m$iate fact1--t ,judaism 
did n surr5d] its own  )\t a /ruggle1 or
 readily give away ! keys ( its         
enclosure j  :5 x 0 pass+ f a prison (  
affliction into a palace ( !  k+dom4 ,b 
)9 ?is g5]al fact lies a _w ( my/]i\s   
detail1--nay1 almo/ ! :ole life ( ! e>ly
 ,*ur*4 ,:o began !  op5 brea* betwe5   
,messiah & ! ,law8 h[1 & to :at ext5t1  
did  ! p>ties divide8 :at 0 _! relative 

magnitude at diff]5t times  & 9 diff]5t 
places8 & by :at process 0 ! diff]5ce   
t]m9at$1 & ! two extremes--,m>cion on ! 
"o h& & !  ,ebionites on ! o!r--remov$  
outside z h]etics8 ,! ,*ri/ianity (  !  
?ird c5tury is s little l ! doctr9e (   
,mat!w's ,gospel z  to p]plex our s5se (
 id5tity4 ,no "o c br+ ! two into direct
  comp>ison1 )\t feel+ h[ mu* mu/ h     
happ5$ to %ape !  e>li] into ! =m ( !   
lat]4 ,c\ld we trace ! fl[ & e/imate  ! 
s\rces ( ?is *ange1 ! mo/ wond]ful ( !  
_w's  exp]i5ces w\ld be resolv$4 ,!     
cont9uity1 h[ev]1 ( visible  causation  
is (t5 brok52 !re are ev]y:]e _m miss+  
l9ks 9  ! *a91 & a *asm ext5d+ ?r\gh a  
l>ge "p ( ! second  c5tury4 ,b a        
g5]ation e>li] we meet ) mat]ials ( !   
ri*e/  value 9 ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul2 &
 by _! aid ! g5]al  direction may be    
f\nd by :i* ?\ght & ev5ts mu/ h advanc$4
  ,o!rwise1 ! *ange w\ld seem z viol5t &
 inconceivable z a  convulsion t %\ld   
m+le ! ,jordan & ! ,tib]4    ,no d\bt1 !
 g]m ( ! ,gospel's univ]sality is to be 

f\nd 9 !  p]sonal *>act]i/ics ( its     
,au?or1--9 ! :ole _s ( 8  life1 & !     
direct t5d5cy ( 8 tea*+s4 ,he :o f\nd 9 
!  love ( ,god & love ( man ! v spr+s ( 
et]nal life2 :o  measur$ good & evil1 n 
by ! act1 b by ! affection :5ce  !y     
come2 :o plac$ 8 ideal = man 9 lik5ess  
to ! p]fection  ( ,god1--_h already     
proclaim$ a religion transc5d+ all local
  limits4 ,nay1 if he oppos$ ! true     
wor%ip to ! s]vices at  ,g]izim &       
,j]usalem1 & c\ld wi% ! ,temple away1 t 
ob/ruct$  8 direct deal+ ) ! human s\l &
 suppress$ ! inn] %r9e  n made ) h&s1 he
 mu/ ev5 h plac$ himself 9 an attitude  
( op5 ali5ation t[>ds ! ritual ( 8 p4   
,at ! same "t1  8 words seem to h left n
 unfrequ5tly an opposite impression4    
,he comes1 n to de/roy ! ,law & !       
prophets1 b to fulfil  !m2 n a jot or a 
tittle is to fail4 ,8 mo/ spiritual     
tru?s  & s5tim5ts1 in/ead ( be+ ann\nc$ 
z novelties gr\nd+  !mselves on 8       
p]sonal au?ority1 are drawn out ( ! old 
,hebrew  ,scriptures2 & ev5 ! life      

beyond dea? he f9ds lurk+ 9  patri>*al  
idioms & phrases he>d at ! burn+ bu%4 ,8
  int5se/ polemic aga9/ ! sac]dotal p>ty
 goes on )9 !  limits ( ! sy/em :i* !y  
repres5t & yet corrupt2 & 8  bitt]e/    
reproa* aga9/ !m is t !re is no rev]5ce 
= x  9 _! he>ts1 s9ce !y hugely violate 
& trivially obey x4 ,f>  f ev] laun*+   
out aga9/ law z law1 or sett+ up fai? z 
a  rival pr9ciple exclud+ x1 he ext5ds  
precept to ! la/ heights  ( religion1   
enjo9s ! div9e/ affections1 z if !re    
also  ob$i5ce 0 possible1 & duty &      
volition _h _! place4 ,x 0  n 9 a nature
 holy & h>moni\s z 81--type ( heav5ly   
peace  r ?an ( e>?ly conflict1--t !     
s*ism w\ld be exhibit$  betwe5 ,w &     
,love2 :]e bo? are at _! height1 !re is 
no  r5t betwe5 !m4 ,nor 0 !re ne$1 9 t  
meek1 rev]5tial s\l1  to break ) ! pa/1 
9 ord] to f9d a sanctity = ! pres5t1  & 
leave an inspiration = ! future4 ,"s    
?+s1 once giv5 =  ! h>dness ( m5's      
he>ts1 might be dropp$1 & fall beh9d2 b 
,god _h ev] liv$1 & left ! trace ( 8    

p]fectness ^u !  eld] times z on ! newe/
 manife/ations ( ! h\r4 ,!re 0  en\gh 9 
! ,law1 if only its fruitful se$s 7 w>m$
 into life1  to furni% =? ! ,gospel4 ,& 
s ,*ri/ pres5ts himself z !  disciple ( 
,moses1 & 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt does b  
op5 out  ! tables ( ,s9ai4 ,x 0 n1      
!re=e1 )\t hone/ gr\nd t  8 imm$iate    
disciples c\ld def5d him f ! *>ge ( be+ 
unfai?ful to ! religion ( 8 native l&4  
,& yet ! in/9ct (  ! prie/s & rabbis    
told !m truly t he & !y c\ld n  co-exi/1
 t 8 doctr9e r$uc$ _! "w to naught1 & t1
  :5cesoev] he might draw x1 !re 0 no   
d\bt :i!r he mu/  c>ry x4 ,! witnesses 7
 n altoge!r false :i* !y  br\ght to %[ 8
 inn] ho/ility to ! alt> c]emonial2 &   
p]haps 8 enemies1 ) appreh5sion %>p5$ by
 fe>1 m  correctly int]pret$ 8 t5d5cy 9 
?is direction ?an 8  foll[]s1 entangl$ 9
 ! cl\d ( a ,judaic love4 ,x 0 q        
natural t ! real anti!sis betwe5 ! ,law 
& ! ,gospel %\ld  ?us be fir/ felt by 8 
antagoni/s1 :il/ z yet x slept          
undevelop$ 9 ! m9ds ( 8 foll[]s & 9 !   

habitual  expression ( 8 own ?\ght2 & t 
its e>lie/ proclamation  %\ld be _! act1
 _! defiance1 ! cross on ,calv>y6       
,?is t]rible *all5ge1 fi]cely prote/+ t 
! ,law w\ld hold  no p>ley ) ! ,gospel1 
! ,apo/les1 h[ev]1 refus$ to accept4    
,!y /ill d5i$ _! ,"l's apo/asy or _!    
own2 !y _h always  be51 & ) 8           
enc\ragem5t1 ! be/ ( ,jews3 nor did !y  
contemplate1 s f>1 any *ange4 ,!        
crucifixion 0 a ,jewi% mi/ake1  meant = 
! nation's enemy1 b alight+ on its      
repres5tative2 a  mi/ake1 h[ev]1 :i*    
,god _h c\nt]act$ by a glori\s rescue1 9
  ! resurrection ( ! crucifi$4 ,!       
mis*ief be+ ?us undone1 !  day ( ,hebrew
 opportunity 0 resum$2 ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus
 0 n  clos$2 he yet liv$ & prea*$ to !m 
z be=e2--no long]1  inde$1 9 p]son till 
_! bett] m9d %\ld re-ass]t itself1 b  by
 fai?ful witnesses2--no long] too 9     
t5tative disguise1 b n[  id5tifi$ z     
,messiah by 8 exaltation above ?is _w4  
,:atev]  conflicts ( m9d ! disciples    
suff]$ 9 ! my/]i\s p]iod  foll[+ !      

crucifixion1 ! op]ation ( ! resurrection
 & !  ,_s 0 at fir/ simply to re9/ate !m
 9 _! prior  fai?1--t ! k+dom w\ld soon 
be re/or$ to ,israel1 & be  br\ght 9 by 
no o!r ?an _! ,ma/]1 already wait+ = !  
crisis 9 a high] _w till ,god's h\r %\ld
 come4 ,!re is no  evid5ce to %[ t1 on !
 transf]5ce ( _! ,"l's life f  e>? to   
heav51 !y 7 c>ri$ into any great]       
compreh5siv5ess  or spirituality ( fai?3
 _! convictions 7 m int5se1 b  held on 9
 ! same direction1 be+ all includ$ 9 "o 
great  !me1--! spe$y com+ ( ,messiah's  
k+dom & ! end ( !  _w4 ,nay1 ( s little 
consequ5ce1 9 comp>ison ) ?is  g5]al    
picture ( expectation1 0 ev5 ! appe>ance
 9 x ( !  p]son ( ,jesus z its c5tral   
figure1 t ,apollos1 m ?an tw5ty  ye>s   
aft]w>ds1 0 mak+ & baptiz+ conv]ts1 )\t 
hav+  ev] he>d ( any lat] prophet ?an   
,john ! ,bapti/2 & ^!  p are already    
recogniz$ z disciples1 & !n in=m$1 z    
ne$ful complem5t to _! fai?1 t1 besides 
! crisis be+  ne>1 ! p]son is           
appo9t$4#eh ,"h _h evid5tly be51 = "s   

qu>t] ( a c5tury1 two indep5d5t /reams (
 ,messianic fai?1 "o  f a r e>li] s\rce 
?an ! o!r1 b pursu+ _! own  sep>ate way1
 till ?us p>tially conflu5t at ,ephesus4
 ,& :at is  ! relation betwe5 !m8 ,"o ( 
!m baptizes into an imp]sonal &         
anonym\s hope1 ! o!r into ! same hope ) 
! "n atta*$4  ,& :5 ^! two /ates ( m9d  
are set side by side1 !y are  reg>d$ z !
 same 9 _! ess5ce1 & diff]+ only 9      
complet5ess4 ,nor is !re any?+ 9 _!     
mutual feel+ to h9d]  _! in/ant         
coalesc5ce4 ,?is fact def9es 9 ! cle>e/ 
way !  position ( ! e>ly ,*ur*2 ! ord9>y
 ,jew believ$ t ,messiah  w\ld "s "t    
come1 & br+ 9 ! la/ days2 ,apollos1 t he
  w\ld come erelong2 ! ,*ri/ians1 t     
already ! p]son 0  indicat$1 & w\ld     
prove to be ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,all ?ree 
co-exi/$ )9 ! ,hebrew pale1 & ! two la/ 
fall "u !  common category ( disciples4 
,x 0 impossible1 h[ev]1 t !             
contemplation ( a ,messiah ris5  &      
res]v$ 9 heav5 %\ld affect all !        
believ]s 9 a precisely  simil> mann]4 ,8

 p]sonal att5dants x w\ld take up j :]e 
! crucifixion _h let !m d[n2 w\ld give  
new =ce to _!  previ\s impressions1 new 
sacr$ness to _! recollections1 new      
significance to 8 words & example1 new  
reluctance to v5ture :]e  he _h n l$4 ,!
 :ole effect w\ld be cons]vative1 & t5d 
to  fix !m1 ) an inspir$ rigor1 )9 !    
limits ( ! ,ma/]'s  lot & life4 ,q      
o!rwise 0 x ) ! new disciples1 :o _h  no
 su* re/ra9+ memories ( ! human ,tea*]4 
,!y began )  ,*ri/ above1 & 7 ti$ d[n by
 no concrete biographical images1  no   
scruples ( t5d] retrospect4 ,!y 7 free  
to ask !mselves1  ,:at meant ?is        
surpris+ way ( reveal+ ,messiah '9      
heav5ly  places1' & lett+ 8 disguise    
fir/ fall (f 9 8 escape f  local        
relations8 ,! sc5e f :i* he look$       
d[n1--0 x ! m]e  upp] *amb] ( ,juda1 or 
did x ov]>* ! human _w8 ,:o c\ld  claim 
him1 n[ t he 0 !re8 ,0 x = him to exam9e
 p$igrees  to te/ '! *ildr5 ( ! k+dom'2 
or w\ld he1 z ,son ( ,david1  ev5 come  
emblazon$ ) 8 own8 ,! m]e conception (  

an asc5d$  & immortal be+1 assessor to !
 ,"l ( all1 seem$ to dw>f &  %ame all   
prov9cial re/rictions1 & sanction !     
di/a/e =  b9d+ =ms & c]emonial          
exclusiv5ess4 ,! )drawal ( ,*ri/  to a  
holi] sph]e accord$ well ) all t 0 mo/  
spiritual 9  8 tea*+s & 9 himself2 &    
c\ld n fail to reflect a /rong  light   
back on ?is aspect ( 8 life1 & give a m 
significant  emphasis to ! tradition ( 8
 deepe/ words4 ,9 ! m9d ( _m a  disciple
 ?is t5d5cy w\ld be favor$ by a we>9ess 
t[>ds !  out] wor%ip ( ! temple1 & a    
secret aspiration aft] pur] &  m        
intimate communion ) ,god4 ,especially 0
 ! =eign ,jew  oblig$ to confess su* a  
feel+ to himself4 ,! v speak+ (  ,greek 
spoil$ him = ?9k+ z a ,hebrew2 =        
language is !  *annel ( ! s\l1 & accord+
 z ! organism is op51 ! sap  w fl[4     
,accu/om$ to ! simple piety ( !         
,proseu*a1 :]e ,god  0 s\ght )\t prie/  
or sacrifice1 & adequately f\nd 9       
poetry1 & prophecy1 & pray]1 ! ,hell5i/ 
acquir$ a tone (  s5tim5t on :i* !      

mat]ial pomps & pu]ilities ( ,m\nt      
,moriah  pa9fully j>r$4 ,nor c\ld he    
enclose himself cont5t$ly1 l !  ,pale/9e
 ,jew1 )9 ! sacr$ b\nd>y t admitt$ ! mo/
  wor?less son ( ,abraham1 & %ut !      
noble/ ,g5tile out4 ,liv+ 9  hea!n      
cities1 deal+ ) hea!n m51 t\*$ at times 
) !  sorr[ or ! goodness ( hea!n        
neighbors1 8 moral feel+ fell  into     
contradiction ) 8 inh]it$ exclusiv5ess1 
& inw>dly  dem&$ "s o!r provid5tial     
classification ( mank9d4  ,accord+ly1 x 
0 ! ,hell5i/ ,/eph5 :o fir/ saw1 9 !    
heav5ly ,*ri/1 a pr9ciple ( univ]sal    
religion & a proclamation  ( spiritual  
wor%ip4 ,:5 accus$ ( defam+ ,moses & !  
,law &  ! holy place1 & sett+ up ,jesus 
to sup]s$e !m1 he boldly  reflects on ! 
/one ,temple1 root$ to "o spot1 z at    
v>iance )  ,8 nature :o said1 ,heav5 is 
my ?rone1 & e>? my foot/ool1  & po9ts to
 ! e>li] tab]nacle1 movable f place to  
place1  foll[+ ! /eps ( w&]+ humanity1 z
 tru] emblem ( a fai?  t takes e w9d+ ( 
hi/ory1 & a ,god :o goes :]e we g1  &   

/ays :]e we /ay4#ei ,?is noble doctr9e  
d\btless express$ a  feel+ common among 
! =eign ,jews ( lib]al culture & f]vid  
piety2 & :5 consecrat$ by ,/eph5's      
m>tyrdom1 x w\ld assume a  di/9ctness   
unkn[n be=e1 & become ! admitt$ type (  
belief  among ! ,*ri/ian ,hell5i/s4 ,t x
 0 conf9$ to !m is  evid5t f ! p>tial   
effect ( ! p]secution 9 :i* ,/eph5      
fell4 ,8 fri5ds1--p]haps we may say 8   
p>ty1--hunt$ f  h\se to h\se1 fl$ f     
,j]usalem2 b ! ,jewi% ,apo/les rema9$   
:]e !y 71#fj app>5tly unm5ac$ &         
undi/urb$4 ,!  ho/ility ( ! city drew   
!re=e a di/9ction betwe5 su* ,hebrew    
,*ri/ians z ! twelve1 & ! fre] ,grecians
 :o proclaim$ a  ,_s above ! ,temple & !
 ,law4 ,! =m]1 con/itut+ an inn]  sect (
 ,judaism1 might hold _! gr\nd unmole/$2
 ! latt] 7  treat$ z apo/ates1 & scatt]$
 abroad4 ,! ess5tial1 b  hi!rto dormant1
 anti!sis betwe5 ! ,gospel & ! ,law1 _h 
?us  bur/ into expression1 & embodi$    
itself 9 two sections ( !  ,*ur* t grew 
ev] m di/9ct2 ! ,hebrew p>ty conc5trat$ 

9  ,j]usalem1 & rema9+ int5sely         
national2 ! ,hell5i/ic1  spread+ itself 
on ! outskirts ( ,pale/9e1 & erelong    
fix+ its  head-qu>t]s at ,antio*4 ,)9   
?is fre] circle1 fir/ z  p]secutor1 soon
 z disciple1 appe>s ,saul ( ,t>sus4 ,s  
cong5ial are  its t5d5cies & aspirations
 ) 8 nature & 8 antec$5t  position1 t 8 
ho/ile attitude t[>ds x might well /rike
 him1  on look+ back1 z a mon/r\s       
self-contradiction4 ,a =eign] to        
,pale/9e1 a citiz5 ( no mean city1      
famili> ) a trade t  b\ght f ! %eph]ds (
 ,m\nt ,taurus1 & sold to ! ,greek      
skipp]s ( ! ,levant1 he knew ! human    
side ( ! ,g5tile _w  too well to re/ 9 a
 n>r[ ,judaism4 ,we _c imag9e 8 f]vid1  
free-mov+ m9d1 cont5t to live )9 !      
enclosure ( ,rabb9ical  niceties1 or    
able to f9d1 9 ! mat]ialism ( ! ,temple 
rites1 8  ideal ( true wor%ip4 ,)       
sympa?ies ess5tially cosmopolitan1 he   
c\ld sc>cely fail to be disappo9t$1 n to
 say repell$1 by  ,j]usalem1--s diff]5t 
f ! dream ( 8 "y romance4 ,"s  high]1   

fre%] communion betwe5 e>? & heav51 "s  
wid]  mon>*y = ,god ?an ov] a m]e clan1 
w\ld be to him natural  objects (       
aspiration4 ,h5ce 8 fir/ p]secut+       
attitude t[>ds  ! ,*ri/ian ,hell5i/s 0  
p]man5tly unt5able2 & z he w5t  among/  
!m1 words 7 sure to fall ^u 8 e>1 & holy
 looks to  meet 8 eye1 t w\ld smite him 
) a k9dr$ affection4 ,:e!r  ! dea? (    
,/eph5 left on 8 m9d images :i* he c\ld 
n  bani%1 & comm5c$ a reaction :i* no   
plunge into fre% viol5ces  c\ld arre/1 x
 is va9 to conjecture4 ,t x %\ld be s1  
w\ld be  only human2 = 9 ! life (       
passion1 triumph & humiliation are  ne> 
neighbors1 & (t5 ! la/ note 9 ! song (  
exultation dies  d[n into ! pla9t (     
compunction4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t %ortly      
aft]w>ds x pleas$ ,god to reveal 8 ,son 
9 him2 t1 ) !  sudd5ness *>act]i/ic (   
impassion$ natures1 he came to himself1 
& f\nd 8 prop] "w1 to :i* he _h be5 set 
ap>t f 8  "m's womb2 & t 8 new          
convictions 7 ( ! v same  type & t5d5cy 
) ,/eph5's1 & /rongly discrim9at$ f !   

,messianic doctr9e ( ! twelve at        
,j]usalem4 ,! incipi5t brea*  betwe5    
,law & ,gospel1 lat5t 9 ! ,ma/]1 d5i$ by
 ! twelve1  bur/+ =? among ! ,hell5i/s1 
f9ally realiz$ & def9$  itself 9 ,paul2 
^: int5se impulses 7 too great = !      
cu/ody  ( 8 w2 ^: s\l _h w+s to fly1 b n
 feet to plod2 :o  felt himself ! !atre 
( liv+ p[]s n 8 own1 & c\ld f9d  no     
peace till1 by communion ) ! heav5ly    
,son ( ,god1 he  discov]$ a provid5tial 
love univ]sal z human life1 & a way (   
reconciliation quick & op5 z human tru/ 
& rev]5ce4 ,x is  easi] to speak ( !    
effects ?an ( ! nature ( 8 conv]sion4   
,8 writ+s exhibit its results1 b only   
vaguely allude to its  occurr5ce1 & nev]
 9 t]ms at all resembl+ ! recitals 9 !  
,book ( ,acts1 or abat+ _!              
discrepancies4 ,( ^! n>ratives  7,acts  
ix4 #a-i1 xxii4 #f-ab1 xxvi4 #ab-ah7    
,mr4 ,j[ett rem>ks1 ,!re is  no use 9   
attempt+ any =c$ reconcilem5t4 7,i4     
#bbi47 ,on ! "o  h&1 ,!re is no fact 9  
hi/ory m c]ta9 or undisput$ ?an  t1 9 "s

 way or o!r1 by an inw>d vision or      
revelation ( !  ,"l1 or by an outw>d    
miracul\s appe>ance z he 0 go+ to       
,damascus1 ! ,apo/le 0 sudd5ly conv]t$ f
 be+ a p]secutor  to become a prea*] ( !
 ,gospel4 7,i4 #bbg47 ,on ! o!r1 ,if we 
submit ! n>rative ( ! ,acts to ! ord9>y 
rules ( evid5ce1 we  %all sc>cely f9d   
ourselves able to det]m9e :e!r any      
outw>d  fact 0 int5d$ by x or n4 ,?is1  
h[ev]1 is ( ! less mom5t1  because x is 
evid5t f ! language ( ! ,epi/le to !    
,galatians 7,gal4 i4 #ae1 #af7 t1--     
,:e!r ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul 0 an      
outw>d or an inw>d fact1  x 0 n         
pr9cipally ! outw>d appe>ance 9 !       
heav5s1 b !  inw>d effect1 t ! ,apo/le  
w\ld h reg>d$4 ,comp>e ,eph4 iii4  #c3  
',h[ t by revelation he made kn[n unto  
me ! my/]y 7z ,i  wrote a=e 9 few       
words74'    ,x has be5 (t5 rem>k$1 t    
miracles are n appeal$ to s+ly 9        
,scripture z evid5ces ( religion1 9 !   
same way t !y h be5  us$ by mod]n       
writ]s4 ,especially does ?is rem>k apply

 to !  conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,n a h9t  
is f\nd 9 8 writ+s1 t he  reg>d$ '!     
heav5ly vision' z an objective evid5ce (
  ,*ri/ianity4 ,! evid5ce to him 0 !    
sudd5 *ange ( he>t2 :at  he t]ms1 9 !   
case ( 8 conv]ts1 ! reception ( ! ,_s2  
:at  he _h kn[n1 & :at he felt2 ! fact t
 "o in/ant he 0 a  p]secutor1 & ! second
 a prea*] ( ! ,gospel4 ,! la/ inquiry  t
 he w\ld h ?\ght ( mak+1 w\ld be t (    
mod]n  !ologians3 ',h[1 )\t "s outw>d   
sign1 he c\ld be assur$ ( !  reality (  
:at he _h se5 & he>d4' ,no outw>d sign  
c\ld1 z su*1  h conv9c$ ! m9d ( a man :o
 fell to ! gr\nd amaz$1 unless  x 7     
c]ta9 t 8 companions _h se5 ! light &   
he>d !  voice4 ,nor unless !y _h        
di/9ctly be5 p>tak]s ( ! sup]natural    
vision c\ld he ev] h be5 satisfi$ t :at 
!y saw 0 any?+  b a meteor1 or lightn+1 
or t ! voice !y he>d 0 m ?an  ! s\nd (  
?und]4 ,no evid5ce ( !irs w\ld h be5 an 
answ] to  ! language ( "s ( ! rationali/
 div9es3 ',/4 ,paul 0 ov]tak5  by a /orm
 ( ?und] & lightn+ 9 ! neighborhood (   

,damascus4'  ,su* difficulties are      
insup]able2 at be/ we c only raise      
probabilities 9 answ] to !m1 bas$ on !  
g5]al tone ( !  n>rative 9 ,acts ix4 ,b 
we may rememb] t ! belief 9 "s  outw>d  
fact 0 n ! ess5tial po9t 9 ,/4 ,paul's  
fai?1 &  !re=e we ne$ n make x !        
ess5tial po9t 9 our own4           99   
99       99       99       99    ,x is n
 ^u ! te/imony ( any s+le p]son1 ev5 7 x
 f>  m di/9ct ?an 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 we
 c v5ture to p]il  ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian  
religion4 ,weak def5ces ( comp>atively  
unimportant po9ts1 und]m9e m ?an !y     
support4 ,he :o has !  ,_s ( ,*ri/ & 8  
,apo/les1 has ! witness 9 himself2 he :o
  leads ! life ( ,paul1 has already set 
8 seal t 8 words are  true4 ,7 ! o!r    
view support$ by ! mo/ irrefragable     
hi/orical evid5ce1--_h ! sign 9 ! cl\ds 
be5 beheld by :ole  multitudes ( ,jews &
 ,g5tiles1 believ]s & unbeliev]s1--x is 
to  ! int]nal aspect ( ! ev5t we %\ld be
 m incl9$ to turn1  bo? z ! m religi\s  
"o1 & ! "o :i* m closely l9ks  ! ,apo/le

 ) ourselves4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bcj4    ,) 
! ess5tially inw>d "* ( ?is crisis1 !   
sub/ance (  ! revelation involv$ 9 x    
/rik+ly corresponds4    ,x 0 spiritual r
 ?an hi/orical2 a revelation ( ,*ri/ 9  
him1  n ext]nal in=mation br\ght to him4
 ,x 0 ! ev]-gr[+ s5se  ( union ) ,*ri/1 
imp>t$1 n 9 "o revelation1 b _m2 n  only
 by special revelation1 b z ! inw>d     
exp]i5ce ( a long life1  f :i* 8 union 9
 ,*ri/ ) all mank9d1 & 8 mission to     
prea* ! ,gospel to ! ,g5tiles1 7 f !    
beg9n+ insep>able2  z a "p ( :i* ! image
 ( ! meekness & g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/  =m$   
itself 9 him1 n )\t ! remembrance t he  
_h 'se5' ,him  :o 0 n[ pass$ into !     
heav5s4--,j[ett1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #baf4     
,s9ce ! ,apo/le n[h]e speaks ( any      
special tru?s or doctr9es  z imp>t$ to  
himself 7,i4 #gb72 s9ce he nev] dwells  
on ! life (  ,*ri/1 ! miracles1 !       
p>ables1 s t x is ev5 d\btful :at  he   
knew ( !m2 & s9ce 8 :ole appeal is ei!r1
 7#a47 to !  witness ( ! ,hebrew        
,scriptures1 or 7#b47 to hi/orical      

te/imony1 or  7#c47 to ! assurance ( !  
liv+ ,_s1--x is evid5t t 8  conv]sion   
*iefly gave him t inw>d image ( ,*ri/   
crucifi$ &  ris51 :i* att5d$ him ?r\gh  
all 8 ye>s1 & s liv$ 9 him  z to take ! 
place ( 8 p]sonality1 & coalesce ) 8    
spiritual affections1 & d ! "w ( 8 w4   
,( ! ,apo/le's mode ( ?\ght :5 fre% f 8 
conv]sion no  memorial exi/s2 8 e>lie/  
extant writ+ be+ ( a date f\rte5  or    
fifte5 ye>s lat]1 & ! report 9 ! ,book (
 ,acts n be+  altoge!r reliable--z ,mr4 
,j[ett has %[n#fa--;= hi/orical         
accuracy4 ,b we le>n f 8 own rem>kable  
/atem5t to !  ,galatians1 t he kept alo(
 f ! *ur*es 9 ,juda1 & 0  unkn[n to !m  
by face2 t x 0 ?ree ye>s be=e he ent]$  
,j]usalem1 or saw an ,apo/le2 t he !n   
made acqua9tance )  ,pet]1 & met ,james1
 b )\t its affect+ 8 indep5d5t  c\rse1  
:i* ran ?r\gh elev5 ye>s m ere x br\ght 
him to  ,j]usalem aga92 t 8 err&1 on ?is
 second visit1 0 to take  security aga9/
 be+ ?w>t$ by ,jewi% jeal\sies sanction$
 at  head-qu>t]s2 t f ,james1 ,cephas1 &

 ,john--! seem+  pill>s ( ! ,*ur*--he   
le>nt no?+ t he c>$ to he>2 t  !y1 on ! 
o!r h&1 c\ld n ga9say ! indep5d5t rights
 (  s fruitful an apo/le%ip1 & agre$ )  
him n to cross 8 pa?1  if he w\ld leave 
!m !irs4 ,! emphasis ) :i*1 9 ?is       
animat$ passage1 ,/4 ,paul dwells on !  
sep>ate s\rces ( 8 own  fai?1 & dis[ns  
any obligation to ! prior ,apo/les1     
r5d]s x  c]ta9 t ! biography1 !         
disc\rses1 ! human p]sonality (  ,jesus1
 7 indiff]5t to him2 & t ) only ! cross 
& !  resurrection 7conta9$ z data 9 !   
vision ( conv]sion7 he c\ld  con/ruct 8 
s*eme4 ,! unmi/akable s>casm ( !        
expressions1   1--  --   1--betrays a   
/ate ( m9d1 9 reg>d to ! twelve1 out (  
all sympa?y ) !  gr\nds ( _! au?ority4  
,& ! necessity1 9 ord] to agreem5t1  (  
m>k+ out = ea*1 n a sep>ate geographical
 beat1 b a  di/9ct religi\s & e?nologic 
gr\nd1 %[s t1 ) ext]nal  mutual         
tol]ation1 !re is yet want+ ! inn] unity
 ( an id5tic  fai?4 ,only 9 ! abs5ce ( a
 common ,gospel w\ld ea* p>ty h  to take

 its own1 & sp>e ! o!r4 ,inde$1 !       
diff]5ce 0 s  fundam5tal z to involve   
ev]y?+ t ,/4 ,paul !n1 &  ,*ri/ians n[1 
w\ld deem *>act]i/ic ( _! religion4     
,! "q 0 ?is1--,h[ might a born ,g5tile  
become a  ,*ri/ian8--,by becom+ a ,jew  
fir/1 & !n accept+ ,jesus z  appo9t$ to 
be ! ,jews' ,messiah1 0 ! answ] at      
,j]usalem4 ,by  believ+ 9 ,jesus        
/raightway1 0 ! reply ( ,paul4 ,)       
irresi/ible =ce he cont5d$ t1 accord+ to
 8 oppon5ts'  view1 ! ,gospel op5$ no   
door at all1 & 0 simply nugatory4 ,=  x 
_h always be5 possible = a ,g5tile to   
become a ,jew2 & if1  )\t ?is /ep1 fai? 
9 ,*ri/ 0 unavail+1 ! real efficacy  mu/
 lie 9 :at ! ,jew br\ght to ,*ri/1 n 9  
:at he receiv$  f him2 s t x 0 h>d to   
say :at good !re c\ld be 9  pass+ on f  
,moses at all1 or :at ess5tial diff]5ce 
betwe5 !  unconv]t$ & ! conv]t$ ,hebrew4
 ,&1 9 tru?1 !y 7 n  /rongly contra/$ 9 
,j]usalem2 & 9 habit1 ?\ght1 & feel+1  !
 twelve 7 probably mu* ne>] to ,gamaliel
 ?an to ,paul4 ,!  alt]cation betwe5    

,pet] & ,paul at ,antio* is full (      
in/ruction  on ?is po9t2 prov+1 z x     
does1 t ! int5se/ =m ( ritual           
exclusiv5ess--! refusal to p>take at    
table ) !  uncircumcis$--0 reta9$ 9 !   
p>5t *ur*1 & en=c$ )  jeal\s vigilance4 
,9 ! ,syrian capital ! ,g5tile disciples
 7  num]\s1 ! ,paul9e compreh5siv5ess   
prevail$1 & !  int]c\rses ( life 7      
unh9d]$ by c]emonial scruples4 ,pet]1   
?r[n among/ !m on a visit1 yields to !  
local impression1 &1  z long z he c d s 
unobs]v$1 falls 9 ) _! free ways2  feel+
 all ! :ile1 no d\bt1 l ! ,quak] f home 
tempt$  into a ball-dress or regim5tals4
 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ! /rict bre?r5  at       
,j]usalem s5d to look aft] him or !     
,antio*ians1 & in/antly  8 lib]ality is 
gone2 he is ! prim ,jew aga91 & !       
,g5tile  di%es are all unclean4 ,& :o !n
 are ^! new witnesses1 t he  %\ld fe> _!
 report8 ,!y are deputies f ,james1 !   
bro!r  ( ! ,"l1 :o1 on acc\nt ( ?is     
aff9ity1#fb 0 !  recogniz$ head ( !     
,judan ,*ri/ians2 & ( ^: ascetic        

ab/95ces1 & con/ant devotions on !      
temple pavem5t1 till  8 knees 7 become l
 ! knees ( a camel1 ,hegesippus  pres]v$
 ! tradition4#fc ,x 0 cle>1 !re=e1 t    
,pet]'s  association ) ! ,g5tile        
,*ri/ians 0 exceptional1--a violation  (
 8 pr(ess$ rule1 & ( ! all[$ usage ( !  
,apo/olic  ,*ur*4 ,to own bro!rhood ) ! 
uncircumcis$ believ]1 0 a  =feiture (   
"*1 probably an outrage on 8 own        
consci5ce1 to  ! ,*ri/ian ,apo/le6 ,?is 
0 ! result1 among 8 fir/ disciples1  (  
ne>ly tw5ty ye>s' belief ( ,*ri/ 9      
heav54 ,!re c\ld be no  real sympa?y    
betwe5 su* an evangile & ,paul's4 ,x let
 him make  conv]ts1 b w\ld n ackn[l$ge  
!m :5 made4 ,x c\ld n  resi/ ! fact ( 8 
success1 b treat$ 8 *ildr5 9 !  fai? z 9
 a d\btful case1 left to ,heav5's       
uncov5ant$ m]cies1  & ne$+ to be put 9 a
 secur] /ate1 z soon z 8 back 0  turn$1 
& tea*]s c\ld be s5t to complete ! task4
 ,h5ce !  opposition t track$ ! /eps1 & 
s mu* m>r$ ! "w ( !  ,apo/le1 :]ev] he  
w5t2 & 9 repell+ :i* he wrote 8 *ief    

,epi/les1 & matur$ ! =m ( 8 great       
!ology4 ,mr4 ,j[ett1  :il/ all[+ t ?is  
opposition 0 sy/ematic & p]si/5t1  & 9  
"s degree conniv$ at by ! twelve1 is yet
 anxi\s to lay x  ma9ly to ! *>ge ( _!  
foll[]s1 & def9es ! relation (  ! two   
sections ?us3 ,sep>ation1 n opposition2 
antagonism ( !  foll[]s r ?an ( !       
lead]s2 p]sonal antipa?y ( !  ,judaiz]s 
to ,/4 ,paul1 r ?an ( ,/4 ,paul to !    
twelve4 7,i4  #cbf47 ,^! are f9e        
di/9ctions1 & = ?is v reason likely1 we 
fe>1 9 ! r\gh movem5t ( human passions1 
to be m ideal ?an  real4 ,true1 ! feel+ 
( a lead] is ev] apt to run into        
exagg]ation among ! foll[]s2 nor        
probably 0 ,apo/olic control  ov] ! mass
 ( believ]s s complete z to exclude ?is 
dang]4 ,b  ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians is 
writt5 by "o lead]1 & speaks (  ! o!rs2 
& ! impression x conveys is surely "o ( 
v  decid$ antagonism1 & t1 too1 n       
accid5tal1 b dep5d+ on  p]man5t         
diff]5ces ( pr9ciple1 :i* discussion did
 n smoo?  away1 & :i* p5etrat$ into ! v 

organism ( daily life4 ,9  ! alt]cation 
) ,pet]1 :at 0 ! po9t ( ,paul's rebuke8 
,did  he simply c5sure 8 moral weakness 
& inconsi/5cy8 ,n s1 or he  w\ld h      
exhort$ him to take :i*ev] c\rse he     
approv$1 &  /ick to x4 ,did he f9d fault
 ) 8 exceptional act1 ( eat+  ) !       
,g5tile ,*ri/ians8 ,n s1 = he did ! same
 himself4 ,!  ?+ he blam$ 0 no?+ less   
?an ! rule & usage by :i*  ,pet]        
habitually liv$1 & :i*1 x is decl>$1    
virtually made  ,*ri/ ( none effect4 ,"h
 0 a collision ( irreconcilable         
pr9ciples1 & e subsequ5t occasion (     
p]sonal contact1 "u  l conditions1 w\ld 
be z liable to produce x z ! fir/4 ,nor 
h we1 9 fact1 any reason to suppose a   
clos] approximation at a  lat] "p ( !   
,apo/olic age4 ,t ,paul look$ ) any     
p>ticul>  respect on ! o!r ,apo/les1 is 
surely n prov$1 z ,mr4 ,j[ett  imag9es1 
by 8 appeal 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #e7 to _!     
te/imony respect+  ! fact ( _! ,"l's    
resurrection1 or by 8 claim+ 7#a ,cor4  
ix4 #e7 to /& on a l foot+ ( privilege )

 !m4#fd ,to  produce ! spectators ( an  
ev5t z its prop] witnesses1 is no       
expression ( feel+ t[>ds !m at all2 & to
 say1 ,are ! o!r  ,apo/les to h ! "r (  
tak+ _! wives ) !m at ! co/  ( ! ,*ur*1 
& may n ,i take or decl9e my m]e p]sonal
  ma9t5ance z ,i ?9k prop]8 in/itutes a 
comp>ison 9 :i* x  is difficult to      
discov] any /rong s5tim5t ( respect4    
,nor d !  doctr9al agreem5ts1 ( :i*1 z  
well z ( ! p]sonal relations  (         
fell[%ip1 our au?or makes ! mo/1 am\nt  
to any sub/antial  concurr5ce1 :5 we    
p5etrate to ! ess5ce f ! =m4 ,on bo?    
sides1 says ,mr4 ,j[ett1 ! disciples 7  
baptiz$ into ! same  "n4 7,i4 #cdj47    
,yes2 b h[ diff]5t ! object nam$ z      
pres5t  to _! ?\ght2 9 ! "o case1 !     
human life 9 its detail1 )  !           
resurrection z its cr[n2 9 ! o!r1 !     
cross ( ,*ri/ t  /&s betwe5 !m1 & 8 life
 9 heav5 t passes beyond !m6  ,bo?      
sections1 x is aga9 said1 f9d _! gr\nd 9
 ! ,old  ,te/am5t4 7,i4 #cda47 ,true3 b 
! "o on ,moses1 ! tables1 & !  holy     

place2 ! o!r1 on ,adam's nature1 & !    
patri>*s' fre$om1  & ! prophets'        
insight2 ! "o1 moreov]1 us+ ! gr\nd to  
intr5* ! ,law = ev]2 ! o!r1 to drive !  
pl\gh%>e ov]  its ru9s1 & make x a      
fruitful field4 ,once m1 x is said t on 
bo? sides !re 0 a look+ = ! day ( ! ,"l1
 an  expectation ( ,*ri/'s return to end
 ! _w )9 t  g5]ation4 7,i4 #cda47       
,assur$ly1 b ) su* diff]5ces 9 !        
vision1 t1 9 ! apocalyptic picture ( !  
"o1 ,paul is n among  ! ,apo/les1 or 8  
foll[]s among ! :ite-rob$ & cr[n$ 7,rev4
  xxi4 #ad1 & ii4 #b1 #ad1 #bj72 :ile 9 
t ( ! o!r1 ! adv5t  w b p]fect &        
p]petuate a union ) ,*ri/1 already      
pres5t  to _! consci\sness1 & op5 to all
 :o live ) him 9 !  ,_s4 ,9 %ort1 tw5ty 
ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 ! two  elem5ts
 t 7 h>moniz$ 9 him1 b are ev] apt to "p
 9 our  imp]fect m9ds1 ! e?ical & !     
my/ical1 ! hi/orical &  spiritual1      
ascetic conc5tration & outspread+ tru/1 
fell into  det]m9ate anti!sis1 realiz+  
_! conflict 9 ! imm$iate  "q ( ,jew &   

,g5tile1 & f9d+ _! respective           
repres5tatives 9 ! twelve & ,/4 ,paul4  
,:e!r1 besides & beyond ?is g5]al       
developm5t ( ! ,*ri/ian  sy/em1 !re 0   
also a special developm5t ( doctr9e into
 high]  degrees ( spirituality )9 ! m9d 
( ,/4 ,paul himself1 is a  "q ( less    
int]e/ & m difficulty4 ,bo? ,mr4 ,/anley
 & ,mr4  ,j[ett f9d traces ( su* a *ange
 9 ! modifi$ s5tim5t ( 8  lat] writ+s1 &
 ev5 make ! ,apo/le himself depose to 8 
own  enl>gem5t ( view4 ,we mu/ confess t
 ?is speculation1 ?\gh  exclud$ by no   
antec$5t improbability1 appe>s to u less
 well  support$ ?an any?+ 9 ^! volumes4 
,x is +5i\sly pres5t$  & argu$ by ,mr4  
,j[ett 9 8 introduction to ! ,!ssalonian
  ,epi/les2 & by means ( x he expla9s ! 
m>k$ abs5ce f ^!  lett]s ( ,/4 ,paul's  
usual topics & mann]1 & gets rid ( !    
objection urg$ on ?is gr\nd to _!       
au!nticity4 ,appli$ at !  o!r end ( !   
,apo/le's c>e]1 ! hypo!sis acc\nts = !  
prom95ce1 9 ! ,epi/les to ! ,ephesians1 
,philippians1 &  ,colossians1 ( c]ta9   

conceptions1 d\btfully traceable        
else:]e1 (  ! place ( ,*ri/ 9 ! hi]>*y (
 ! univ]se1 & ( 8 union  ) 8 disciples z
 8 body4 ,! pa/orals may be left out (  
consid]ation1 z _! mix$ ph5om5a _c be   
mu* us$ 9 !  s]vice ( ?is !ory4 ,! broad
 facts are und\bt$1--t ! f\r  great     
c5tral ,epi/les 7,galatians1 ,cor9?ians1
 ,romans7 mu/ be tak5 z  our foci (     
au?ority = ! *>act]i/ics ( ,/4 ,paul2 t1
 9 !  e>li] ,!ssalonians1 ^! *>act]i/ics
 are ov]%ad[$ by !  m ,judaic doctr9e ( 
! day ( ! ,"l1 & 9 ! lat]  ,ephesians1  
c41 by ! m ,gno/ic conception ( a       
spiritual hi]>*y  & pl]oma4 ,b ^! facts 
are q ov]work$ :5 set to prove our      
au?or's !sis4 ,9 ord] to e/abli% a      
process ( p]sonal  developm5t1 !y ought 
to exhibit c]ta9 natural l9ks (         
psy*ological & moral succession1 & n m]e
 abrupt & unrelat$  contra/s ( subject4 
,to look = su* organic indications 9 !  
sp>se  productions ( ! ,apo/le's p51 is 
to ask too mu* f a few  incid5tal       
lett]s1 be>+ to 8 :ole life ! proportion

 ( a doz5  pages ( r&om exc]pts to a    
cyclopdia4 ,if only ! matt]s treat$ be  
diff]5t1 ! :ole gr\p ( writ+s may v well
 express1 9 its  sev]al p>ts & aspects1 
"o simultane\s /ate ( m9d4 ,if ! types  
( ?\ght be su* z c\ld sc>cely co-exi/1 !
 cause may be s\ght  z reasonably 9 a   
plurality ( au?ors z 9 a succession (   
beliefs 9  ! same au?or2 & only a mo/   
delicate comb9ation ( symptoms c  rescue
 ! problem f ?is indet]m9ate /ate (     
d\ble solution4 ,nor  ought we to =get1 
9 weigh+ ! probabilities1 t ! :ole set (
  ,epi/les compris+ ! ph5om5a ( diff]5ce
 7 writt5 )9 n9e  ye>s2 & t1 ere ! fir/ 
( !m 0 produc$1 ,/4 ,paul _h be5 a      
conv]t fifte5 ye>s1 & _h rea*$ ! age (  
fifty4 ,! e>li] &  long] ( ^! p]iods is 
a m natural seat ( m5tal *ange ?an !    
lat] & %ort]2 especially ( a *ange n    
app>5t s mu* 9  p>ticul> judgm5ts &     
op9ions1 z 9 ! :ole complexion (        
spiritual feel+ & idea4    ,b1 we are   
assur$1 ! ,apo/le directly te/ifies to 8
 own  progress 9 doctr9e2 & intimates   

7#b ,cor4 v4 #af7 t !re 0 a  "t :5 he _h
 kn[n ,*ri/ accord+ to ! fle%1--_h      
prea*$  him 9 a m ,jewi% & less         
spiritual mann]1--?\gh h5ce=?  he w\ld  
"k him s no m4 ,mr4 ,/anley1 expla9+ ?is
  mu*-disput$ phrase1 says3--           
,probably1 he mu/ be "h allud+ to ^? :o 
laid /ress on _!  hav+ se5 ,*ri/ 9      
,pale/9e1 or on _! connection ) him or  
) '! bro!rs ( ! ,"l' by actual desc5t2 &
 if s1 !y  7 probably ( ! p>ty '(       
,*ri/4' ,b ! words lead u to  inf] t    
some?+ ( ?is k9d _h once be5 8 own /ate 
( m9d1  n only 9 ! "t be=e 8 conv]sion  
7:i* he w\ld h  condemn$ m /rongly71 b  
s9ce4 ,if s1 x is 7l ,phil4 iii4        
#ac-ae7 a rem>kable confession ( =m]    
weakness & error1 & (  consci\s progress
 9 religi\s k4--,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #ajf4    
,did ,/4 ,paul !n ev] lay /ress on hav+ 
se5 ,*ri/ 9 ,pale/9e8  or on actual     
blood-connection ) him8 or on some?+ (  
?is k9d8  ,to p]sonal relations ) ,jesus
 9 8 m9i/ry or family he _h no          
pret5sions2 & ! _s ) :i* he _h always   

treat$  ev]y?+ ( ?is k9d1 is s app>5t f 
8 n>rative to !  ,galatians z to        
contradict ,mr4 ,/anley's inf]5ce4 ,mr4 
,j[ett gives !  phrase a diff]5t turn4  
,f9d+ 7,gal4 v4 #aa7 ! ,apo/le *>g$ )   
at "o "t prea*+ circumcision1 he accepts
 ?is z synonym\s )  kn[+ ,*ri/ accord+  
to ! fle% 7i4 #ab74 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld   
imply t he 0 orig9ally no ,apo/le to !  
,g5tiles1 b insi/$  on m$iate conv]sion 
into ! ,gospel ?r\gh ! law4 ,feel+ !    
irreconcilable v>iance ( su* an hypo!sis
 ) ! autobiographical  notices 9 !      
,epi/les1 ,mr4 ,j[ett l[]s 8            
phraseology1 &  attributes to ,/4       
,paul's e>ly tea*+ only su* s5tim5ts z  
might  be ?\ght to make him a prea*] ( !
 circumcision4 ,& s we  lose ourselves  
aga9 9 some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,yet at la/1 9 ! 
foll[+ passage1 we f9d ! critic's f+]   
di/9ctly laid on !  doctr9e :i* he      
proposes to id entify ) ! ,apo/le's kn[+
  ,*ri/ accord+ to ! fle%4    ,t su* a  
*ange 79 ! ,apo/le's tea*+7 is capable (
 be+  trac$1 has be5 already intimat$4  

,bo? ,epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians1  ) !   
exception ( a few practical precepts1   
are ! expansion &  repetition ( a s+le  
?\ght1--'! com+ ( ,*ri/4' ,x 0 !        
absorb+ ?\ght ( ! ,apo/le & 8 conv]ts1  
quick5$ 9 bo? by  ! p]secutions :i* !y  
_h suff]$4 ,n t ) ?is expectation  (    
,*ri/'s k+dom !re m+l$ any vision ( a   
temporal rule ov] !  k+doms ( ! e>?4 ,t 
0 f> f ! ,apo/le4 ,b !re 0 t  9 x :i*   
fell %ort ( ! m p]fect tru?4 ,x 0 n1 ',!
  k+dom ( ,god is )9 y'2 b1 ',lo "h1 &  
lo !re4' ,x 0  def9$ by "t1 & 0 to take 
place )9 ! ,apo/le's own life4  ,!      
images 9 :i* x clo!d itself 7           
traditional among ! ,jews2  !y 7 outw>d 
& visible1 liable to ! miscon/ruction ( 
!  enemies ( ! fai?1 & to !             
misappreh5sion ( ! fir/                 
conv]ts1--imp]fectly1 z ! ,apo/le saw   
aft]w>ds1 convey+ !  inw>d & spiritual  
mean+4 ,! k+dom :i* !y describ$ 0 n     
et]nal & heav5ly1 b v ne> & pres5t1     
ready to bur/ =?  ev]y:]e1 & by its v   
ne>ness 9 po9t ( "t seem+ to t\*  our   

actual human /ate4 ,aft]w>ds ! k+dom (  
,god appe>$ to remove  itself )91 to    
)draw into ! unse5 _w4 ,! e>!n vessel   
mu/ be brok5 fir/1 ! unbeliev] unclo!d t
 he might be clo!d  ^u1 t mortality may 
be swall[$ up ( life4 ,he 0 no long]    
'wait+ = ! ,son f heav5'2 b 'desir\s to 
dep>t & be )  ,*ri/' 7,phil4 i4 #bc74   
,su* is ! *ange1 n s mu* 9 ! ,apo/le's  
belief z 9 8 mode ( conception2 a *ange 
natural to ! human m9d  itself1 & above 
all to ! ,jewi% m9d2 a *ange :i*1 aft] x
 _h  tak5 place1 left ! ve/iges ( !     
prior /ate 9 ! ,montanism (  ! second   
c5tury1 :i* may n improp]ly be reg>d$ z 
! _s  ( ! fir/ c5tury ov]liv+ itself4   
,old ?+s _h pass$ away1 &1  behold1 all 
?+s became new4 ,& yet ! =m] ?+s--!     
mat]ial  vision ( ,*ri/'s k+dom--h ev]  
be5 prone to return2 n only 9  ! fir/ & 
second c5tury1 b 9 e age ( en?usiasm1 m5
 h  be5 apt to walk by sight & n by     
fai?4 ,9 ! h\r ( tr\ble &  p]plexity1 :5
 d>kness spreads itself ov] ! e>?1 &    
,anti*ri/  is already come1 !y h lift$  

up _! eyes to ! heav5s1 look+  = ! sign 
( ! ,son ( man4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #aj4      
,if to ann\nce ! com+ ( ,*ri/ is to "k  
him accord+ to !  fle%1 ,/4 ,paul       
assur$ly did n keep 8 resolve h5ce=? to 
"k  him no m4 ,= ! expectation reappe>s1
 )\t any p]ceptible  *ange1 9 8 lat]    
,epi/les2 z 9 ,rom4 xiii4 #aa1 #ab3 ,d  
?is !  r1 kn[+ ! "t1--t n[ is ! "t to   
awake out ( sleep3  = our salvation is  
ne>] n[ ?an :5 we fir/ believ$3 ! night 
is f> sp5t2 ! day is at h&2--& 9 ,phil4 
iv4 #e3 ,! ,"l is at  h&4#fe ,moreov]1 x
 is utt]ly impossible t ?is elem5t ( 8  
tea*+ c\ld be adduc$ 9 pro( ( 8 prea*+  
circumcision4 ,x  _h no?+ to d ) ! "q ( 
,jew & ,g5tile2 ) ! mo/  opposite       
solutions ( :i* x is equally compatible4
    ,9 tru?1 our au?or has "h comb9$ two
 passages1 :i* ?r[ no  light on "o      
ano!r1 & has extract$ f ea* :at nei!r is
 able  to yield4 ,! words 79 ,gal4 v4   
#aa7 if ,i /ill prea* circumcision1  d n
 really imply t ! ,apo/le once did s    
prea*2 ?\gh 9 an  accurate writ] ?is    

s5se might be insi/$ on4 ,he is n ?9k+ (
  8 own =m] notions1 b ( o!r p's1       
cont9u+ unalt]$  aft] !y ought to h     
*ang$4 ,!re 7 p]sons :o1 9 spite (  !   
disp5sation ( ! ,_s1 /ill prea*$        
circumcision aft] its  significance 0   
gone4 ,?is did n ,paul2 b he 0 *>g$ )   
do+  s3 & he says1 ,well1 if s1 ,i am a 
,judaiz] l y1 & ,i _c be  also *>geable 
) tea*+ t ! cross ( ,*ri/ sup]s$es !    
,law4 ,! true s5se is1 !re=e1 giv5 by ! 
r5d]+1 ,if ,i prea*  circumcision       
/ill1--t is1 z /ill necess>y2 & no tale 
is  told ( ! ,apo/le's e>li] tea*+4     
,! o!r passage 7#b ,cor4 v4 #af7 does   
und\bt$ly ref] to a =m]  /ate ( !       
writ]'s own m9d1 :5 he recogniz$ ,*ri/  
accord+ to  ! fle%4 ,b he alludes1 we   
appreh5d1 to ! p]iod :5 he 0 a  ,hebrew 
( ! ,hebrews2 & _h no conception z yet (
 a suff]+1  dy+1 & heav5ly ,*ri/2--:5 he
 0 full ( ! ?\ghts /ill  occupy+ !      
twelve1 :o did n take 9 ! significance (
 ! cross1  b c>ri$ pa/ x _! old         
,messianic notions4 ,!re may h be5 a    

"t1 he means to say1 :5 ,i ?\ght only ( 
a national1 ,israeliti%1  hi/orical     
,messiah1 b\nd by ! law ( 8 fa!rs1 &    
b9d+ to x4  ,_h ?is be5 ! true          
conception ( him1 !n w\ld x h be5 a     
matt] ( privilege & pride to be ne> 8   
p]son1 to /& 9 natural  relations ) him1
 & be mix$ up ) ! incid5ts ( 8 local    
c>e]4 ,b ev] s9ce ,i und]/ood ! cross1 &
 saw t ,messiah's  life began 9 dea?1 a 
f> o!r tru? has dawn$ ^u me4 ,:5 he gave
  up ! gho/1 all ! accid5ts ( 8         
humanity--8 l9eage1 8  nationality1 8   
e>?ly manife/ation--7 left beh9d & di$  
away2  & !y mu/ c>ry ) !m into ext9ction
 :atev] feel+s _h  collect$ r\nd        
!m1--family pride1 ,jewi% exclusiv5ess1 
& !  memories ( p]sonal companion%ip4 ,f
 t mom5t1 cle> ( e>?ly  entanglem5ts1   
,*ri/ 9 ! _s draws to him a community ( 
human  spirits1--"o ) him 9             
self-abnegation1 dy+ to ! e>?ly pa/2  "o
 ) him 9 re-bir?1 liv+ to heav5ly union 
) ,god4 ,?us1 if  any "o be 9 ,*ri/1 x  
am\nts to a new creation2 8 old self has

  pass$ away2 behold1 all ?+s h become  
new4 ,! ,apo/le1  !re=e1 sets up ! dea? 
( ,*ri/1 z cutt+ (f1 = all  disciples1 !
 prior "t f ! subsequ5t2 z fl++ ! =m]1  
) all ! human conceptions t cl+ to x1   
into eclipse &  annihilation1 & beg9n+ a
 new & lum9\s exi/5ce 9 ! latt]2  z     
break+ ! v id5tity ( ! believ]1 &       
deliv]+ him f  ! ?raldom ( nature into !
 fre$om ( ! ,_s4 ,! cross _h  already   
done its "w ere ,/4 ,paul became a      
disciple4 ,he _h nev] kn[n  8 ,"l b 9 ! 
_s2 & ! ,*ri/1 :om he _h kn[n  accord+  
to ! fle%1 0 ! ,jewi% ,messiah ( 8      
previ\s &  unconv]t$ conception4 ,mr4   
,/anley's objection1 t ! ,apo/le c\ld   
h>dly h spok5 ( 8 unconv]t$ /ate )\t    
/rong]  condemnation1 might p]haps hold1
 7 ! allusions to 8 fit (  p]secut+     
viol5ce aga9/ ! ,*ur*4 ,b !re 0 no      
occasion =  self-reproa* 9 describ+ !   
picture ( a national ,messiah1 on :i*1  
9 common ) 8 c\ntrym51 he _h p]mitt$ 8  
imag9ation to  dwell4#ff    ,nei!r1 !n1 
f 8 own direct ass]tion1 nor f comp>ison

 (  8 sev]al writ+s1 int] se1 d we le>n 
any?+ ( ! alleg$  developm5t ( !        
,apo/le's doctr9e4 ,!re is no elem5t 9  
x1  t1 f inability to co-exi/ ) ! re/1  
requires to be  assign$ to a date ( its 
own4 ,! brea* ) ,judaism1 especially1 we
  conceive to h be5 complete f ! fir/1 &
 unsusceptible (  degrees2 nay1 to h be5
 ! initial pr9ciple ( 8 conv]sion1  !   
secretly prep>$ condition or t5d5cy (   
m9d t r5d]$ him  accessible to ! ,div9e 
call1 & op5 to sudd5 *ange 9 !          
direction ( 8 "*4 ,:5 fir/ releas$ f !  
=mulas ( a  ,jewi% ,*ri/ology1 & commun+
 9 _s ) a heav5ly &  univ]sal ,"l1 8 m9d
 w\ld d\btless be met by a multitude (  
new  problems1 & w\ld "w freely t[>ds _!
 resolution1 ) !  quick5+ consci\sness (
 new light /ream+ 91 & a gr&]  l&scape (
 ,provid5ce op5+ be=e him4 ,! v int5sity
 ( ?is  inw>d action1 h[ev]1--! ?ir/ x  
su/a9s = its own  completion1--=bids u  
to attribute to x a life-long duration2 
ere  fifte5 ye>s 7 pass$1 its =ce w\ld  
be sp5t by hav+ realiz$  its "w1 &      

atta9$ ! equilibrium ( a holy peace4    
,:atev]  subsequ5t *anges occurr$ w\ld  
be ( a diff]5t nature1 en=c$  by ! turn 
( ! _w's affairs2 a m]e rem\ld+ or      
reproportion+ ( inw>d fai?s1 9          
adaptation to ! alt]$  pressures ( !    
h\r4 ,( su* modifications1 su* retreat  
t[>ds !  backgr\nd ( once favorite      
ideas1 & advance ( dim sugge/ions into  
/rong light1 !re are d\btless examples 9
 ,/4 ,paul4 ,!  expectation ( ,*ri/'s   
spe$y com+ to close ! _w's affairs1  &  
realize ! k+dom1 c\ld n b dom9ate at    
fir/1 & pale  e o!r int]e/ & belief by !
 t]ror & glory ( its light4  ,b !re is a
 limit beyond :i* ! /ra9 ( long+ _c be  
su/a9$2 z x subsides1 ! pres5t & actual 
recov]s p[]1 &  pu%es its problems =w>d1
 & ga9s once m ! eye t _h  look$ beyond 
!m4 ,& s1 aft] a :ile1 spr+ up que/ions 
(  ,*ri/ian ord] t w n be> to be put    
(f2--h[ to live 9 a  _w t1 h[ev] ne> its
 doom1 entangles ! disciple /ill 9 a    
web ( difficult relations2 h[ to t\* !  
skirt ( its idolatries1  & n be ta9t$2  

h[ to behave to wife & *ild 9 ?is la/   
g5]ation ( human affairs2 h[ to seal up 
! passions t ought  to die )9 ! sa9ts1 b
 7 n dead2 h[ to prev5t ! gifts  ( ! ,_s
 f ov]balanc+ !mselves1 on ! heights ( a
  dizzi$ m9d1 into outrages on nature2  
h[ to pres]ve to ! woman  & ! slave1 9  
_! exult+ reaction f degrad$ life1 !    
s5se ( mode/ rev]5ce1 & ! appreciation (
 fai?ful s]vice4  ,day by day que/ions (
 ?is k9d insi/$ on att5tion1 & br\ght   
out a fre% type ( s5tim5ts prop] = _!   
det]m9ation1 &  (f]+ to view a new side 
( ! ,*ri/ian ?\ght & life4 ,nor1  aga91 
c\ld _m ye>s elapse1 be=e ! ,jew &      
,g5tile difficulty  *ang$ its :ole      
aspect1 & exp&$1 f a petty scruple      
compromis$ at ,j]usalem1 into a _w-wide 
!ology1 regulative (  all future hi/ory4
 ,:5 x became evid5t t x 0 no "q  ab\t a
 small spr9kl+ ( e?nic conv]ts1--m]e    
hang]s-on (  ,hebrew families &         
synagogues2 :5 ! delay ( ,messiah1 & !  
en]gy ( ,paul1 gave occasion = ?\s&s to 
p\r 92 :5 x seem$  imm95t t ,pale/9e    

%\ld be outvot$ & ov]p[]$ by !  gr[? ( !
 =eign ,gospel1 ! al>m ( ! ,judaic      
,*ri/ians  became great4 ,!y track$     
,paul's /eps2 _! emiss>ies 7  ev]y:]e2  
_! argum5ts & doctr9e became m          
con/rict$1 &  8 m wide & free2 & z !    
cl\ds visibly l[]$ ov] ,israel1  t\*+   
him z well z !m ) gloom1 all ! m did he 
see !  sun%9e flood ! l&s beyond2 & 8   
national tru/ assum$ ?is  =m1--t1 maybe1
 ! outly+ heav5ly light may creep back z
 !  d>k h\r passes1 & aga9 set ! %ad[s  
mov+ on ! hills x has  s long glorifi$4 
,! ,apo/le di$ be=e ! "q settl$  itself 
by ! m]e =ce ( ! facts1--by ! utt]      
break+ up (  ! ,jewi% nation1 & ! inp\r+
 ,g5tile numb]s4 ,o!rs wait$ to  be     
driv5 into ca?olicity by ev5ts2 x is 8  
glory to h  surr5d]$ himself to !       
inspiration t implant$ 9 him its        
pr9ciple f ! fir/4 ,he liv$1 h[ev]1 to  
see a mighty gr[?1  ?\gh n ! f9al fruit2
 & ! gr& scale on :i* he conducts  !    
controv]sy1 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 by
 conv]g+  reason+s fet*$ f af> out (    

hi/ory1 & al(t out ( !  p]fections (    
,god1 & deep out ( human nature1 %[s h[ 
8  ?\ght exp&s ) ! exig5cies ( exp]i5ce1
 & advances to  fill ! :ole greatness ( 
8 opportunities4    ,!re c be no d\bt t 
! e>lie/ ,apo/olic ,*ri/ianity consi/$  
ma9ly 9 ! fai? ( ,*ri/'s com+ aga91     
to-day1 or to-morr[1 or  ! ?ird day4    
,?is ev5t1 ) its effect on ! liv+1 0 !  
"o  only po9t1 ,mr4 ,/anley conceives1  
on :i* ,/4 ,paul1 9 8 great  *apt] on ! 
,resurrection1 pr(ess$ to h a di/9ct    
revelation3--    ,on "o po9t only he    
pr(esses to h a di/9ct revelation1 &  t 
n ) reg>d to ! dead1 b to ! liv+4 ,s    
firmly 0 !  fir/ g5]ation ( ,*ri/ians   
possess$ ( ! belief t !y  %\ld live to  
see ! second com+1 t x is "h assum$ z a 
matt] ( c\rse2 & _! fate1 z ne> &       
imm$iate1 is us$ to  illu/rate ! d>k] & 
m my/]i\s subject ( ! fate ( ^?  already
 dead4 ,t vision ( '! la/ man1' :i* n[  
seems s remote  z to live only 9 poetic 
fiction1 0 to ! ,apo/le an awful        
reality2 b x is br\ght =w>d only to     

express ! c]ta9ty t1  ev5 "h1 a *ange   
mu/ take place1 ! greate/ t imag9ation c
  conceive4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #cih4    ,t   
?is belief1 :]e held at all1 %\ld be    
p>am\nt & absorb+1  foll[s f its v      
nature4 ,accord+ly1 ,/4 ,paul1 z ,mr4   
,j[ett  rem>ks1 makes ev5 ! ess5ce ( !  
,gospel to consi/ 9 x3--    ,x appe>s   
rem>kable1 t ,/4 ,paul %\ld make !      
ess5ce ( !  ,gospel consi/1 n 9 ! belief
 9 ,*ri/1 or 9 tak+ up !  cross ( ,*ri/1
 b 9 ! hope ( 8 com+ aga94 ,su*1 h[ev]1 
0 ! fai? ( ! ,!ssalonian ,*ur*2 su* is !
 tone & _s  ( ! ,epi/le4 ,nei!r 9 !     
,apo/olic times1 nor 9 our own1 c we    
r$uce all to ! same type4 ,"o aspect ( !
 ,gospel is m outw>d1  ano!r m inw>d2 "o
 seems to connect ) ! life ( ,*ri/1     
ano!r ) 8 dea?2 "o ) 8 bir? into ! _w1  
ano!r  ) 8 com+ aga94 ,if we w n insi/  
on det]m9+ ! times  & ! seasons1 or on  
kn[+ ! mann] h[1 all ^! diff]5t  ways   
may lead u )9 ! veil4 ,! fai? ( mod]n   
times embraces  _m p>ts & tru?s2 yet we 
all[ m51 accord+ to _! individual  "*1  

to dwell on ?is tru? or t1 z m peculi>ly
  appropriate to _! nature4 ,! fai? ( ! 
e>ly ,*ur* 0 simpl]  & m progressive1   
paus+ 9 ! same way on a p>ticul> tru?1  
:i* ! circum/ances ( ! _w or ! ,*ur*    
br\ght be=e  !m4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #df4     
,only x is n on a p>ticul> tru?1 b on a 
p>ticul> error1  t ! pause ( fai? 0 "h  
made2--an error f\nd or impli$1  z our  
au?or obs]ves1 9 almo/ e book ( ! ,new  
,te/am5t2 9  ! disc\rses ( our ,"l      
himself1 z well z 9 ! ,acts ( !         
,apo/les2 9 ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 no  
less ?an 9 ! ,book ( !  ,revelation4    
,mr4 ,j[ett does n evade ! difficulty4  
,9 an admirable  essay on ?is special   
subject1 he frankly /ates ! facts1      
traces  _! influ5ce on ! e>ly ,*ur*1    
accepts !m z among ! limits  :i* human  
conditions impose on ,div9e revelation1 
& %[s f  !m1 h[1 ev5 9 ,god's highe/    
tea*+s1 he leaves mu* tru? to be  drawn 
=? f "t & exp]i5ce4    ,x is a subject1 
he says1 f :i* ! int]pret] ( ,scripture 
w\ld gladly turn aside4 ,= x seems z if 

he 7 compell$ to say  at ! outset1 't   
,/4 ,paul 0 mi/ak51 & t 9 support ( 8   
mi/ake he c\ld appeal to ! words ( ,*ri/
 himself4' ,no?+ c  be pla9] ?an ! mean+
 ( ^? words1 & yet !y seem to be        
contradict$ by ! v fact1 t1 aft] eighte5
 c5turies1 !  _w is z x 04 ,9 ! words   
:i* are attribut$1 9 ! ,epi/le  ( ,/4   
,pet]1 to ! unbeliev]s ( t day1 we might
 truly say t1  s9ce ! fa!rs h fall5     
asleep1 all ?+s rema9 ! same f  !       
beg9n+4 ,n only d 'all ?+s rema9 !      
same1' b ! v  belief itself 79 ! s5se 9 
:i* x 0 held by ! fir/  ,*ri/ians7 has  
be5 ready to vani% away4--,vol4 ,i4 p4  
#if4    ,x is ! infirmity ( human       
nature--an infirmity irremovable by     
inspiration--to translate et]nal tru?   
into =ms ( "t1 to ?r[  color into !     
invisible till x c be se51 & look into  
any giv5  inf9ity till f9ite %apes appe>
 )9 x1 & x is felt z inf9ite  no m4 ,!  
s\l tries1 z x 71 e app>5t pa?1 f       
spiritual  appreh5sion to sci5tific k1 f
 deep insight to cle>  =esight1 f       

p]ception ( :at ,god is to vatic9ation (
 :at he  does2 & abides alone ) ! ,holy 
,pres5ce1 t w n tell ,8  c\nsels1 b is  
ev] !re himself4 ,f ! _w ( ,div9e       
reality  into t ( transi5t ph5om5a1 !re 
is no bridge f\nd z yet2 &  only ,he1 ^:
 foot/eps ne$ no gr\nd1 c pass across4  
,we "k  some:at on bo? sides2 b ! *asm  
betwe5 v9dicates its p]petuity  aga9/   
all invasion4 ,vision = fai?2 prevision 
= sci5ce3--?is  seems to be ! inviolable
 allotm5t ( gifts by ! ,fa!r ( lights4  
,& :oev] ov]looks ?is rule1 &1 inspir$ )
 disc]nm5t ( :at  absolutely is1 v5tures
 to pron\nce :at relatively w be1       
embodies  8 tru? 9 a =m :5ce x mu/ aga9 
be dis5gag$4 ,! deepe/  spiritual       
insight is ineffectual to tea* pa/      
hi/ory2 x is equally  s to tea* future  
hi/ory4 ,! mom5t y lose sight ( ?is     
fact1  & expect ! sons ( ,god to pr$ict 
= y1 y conf\nd  inspiration ) div9ation1
 & w pay ! d\ble p5alty ( miss+  ! tru? 
!y h1 & be+ disappo9t$ at t :i* !y h n4 
,x is n always mu* o!rwise ) !mselves2 !

 light :i* !y  are1 !y d n see2 & t :i* 
%apes itself be=e !m1 &  becomes !      
object ( _! m9ds1 is b ! %ad[ ( human   
?+s1  deep5$ & %>p5$1 p]haps also       
misplac$1 by ! pret]natural  int5sity4  
,by its v inw>dness & clos5ess to !     
s\l's c5tre1  ,god's ,_s may express    
itself *iefly 9 ! unconsci\s attitudes &
  manife/ations ( ! m9d2 especially z x 
is ^! t (t5 leave  ! mo/ ineffaceable   
impressions ( "* ^u o!rs1 & may1  !re=e1
 be ! vehicle ( a m life-giv+ p[] ?an   
any purpos$  tea*+ or m consci\s        
au?ority4 ,! disappo9tm5t ( an av[$     
pr$iction1 or ! error ( an elaborat$    
doctr9e1 no m affects !  ,div9e         
inspiration at ! he>t ( ,*ri/ianity1 ?an
 !  miscalculations & failure ( !       
,crusades disprove _! ,provid5tial      
function 9 ! hi/orical education (      
mank9d4 ,mr4 ,j[ett takes up !  "q f    
ano!r side1 & %[s h[ ! fai? 9 a future  
life1  ?\gh n directly giv51 necess>ily 
dis5gag$ itself 9 ! end  f ! expectation
 ( ! com+ ( ,*ri/4    ,we naturally ask1

 :y a future life1 z di/9ct f ?is1 0 n  
made a "p ( ! fir/ prea*+ ( !           
,gospel8--:y1 9 o!r  words1 ! fai? ( !  
fir/ ,*ri/ians did n exactly co9cide )  
our own8 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* ! answ] 
to ?is "q may  be express$4 ,!          
philosoph] w say1 t ! diff]5ce 9 !  mode
 ( ?\ght ( t age & our own r5d]$ x      
impossible1  humanly speak+1 t ! veil ( 
s5se %\ld be altoge!r remov$4  ,!       
!ologian w admit t ,provid5ce does n    
tea* m5 t  :i* !y c tea* !mselves4 ,:ile
 !re are lessons :i* x  imm$iately      
communicates1 !re is mu* :i* x leaves to
 be drawn  =? by "t & ev5ts4 ,exp]i5ce  
may (t5 enl>ge fai?2 x may  also correct
 x4 ,no "o c d\bt t ! fai? & practice ( 
!  e>ly ,*ur*1 respect+ ! admission ( ! 
,g5tiles1 7 greatly  alt]$ by ! fact t !
 ,g5tiles !mselves flock$ 92 '!  k+dom (
 heav5 suff]$ viol5ce1 & ! viol5t took x
 by  =ce4' ,9 l mann]1 ! fai? respect+ !
 com+ ( ,*ri/ 0  modifi$ by ! cont9uance
 ( ! _w itself4 ,common s5se sugge/s  t 
^? :o 7 9 ! fir/ ec/asy ( conv]sion1 &  

^? :o  aft] ! lapse ( ye>s saw ! _w     
un*ang$ & ! fabric (  ! ,*ur* on e>?    
ris+ ar\nd !m1 c\ld n reg>d ! day (  !  
,"l ) ! same feel+4 ,:ile to ! "o x     
seem$ ne> &  pres5t1 at any mom5t ready 
to bur/ =?1 to ! o!r x 0 a  long way (f1
 sep>at$ by "t1 & z x 7 by place1 a _w  
beyond ! />s1 yet1 /rangely en\gh1 also 
hav+ its dwell+ 9  ! he>t ( man1 z x 7 !
 atmosph]e 9 :i* he liv$1 !  m5tal _w by
 :i* he 0 surr\nd$4 ,n at once1 b       
gradually1  did ! cl\d cle> up1 & ! "o  
mode ( fai? take ! place (  ! o!r4 ,ap>t
 f ! prophets1 ?\gh !n beyond !m1 spr++ 
up 9 a new & liv+ way 9 ! s\l ( man1    
correct$ by long  exp]i5ce1 z ! 'fa!rs  
"o by "o fell asleep1' z ! hopes (  !   
,jewi% race decl9$1 z ec/atic gifts     
ceas$1 z a regul>  hi]>*y 0 e/abli%$ 9 !
 ,*ur*1 ! belief 9 ! com+ (  ,*ri/ 0    
trans=m$ f be+ outw>d to becom+ inw>d1 f
  be+ national to becom+ individual &   
univ]sal1--f be+  ,jewi% to becom+      
,*ri/ian4--,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ii4    ,) !    
,apo/le ,paul1 h[ev]1 ! com+ ( ,*ri/    

occupies !  place ( our future life2 !  
liv+ mass ( disciples1 wait+  till !n = 
! r$emption ( _! bodies1 fill ! =egr\nd 
& l>ge/ space 9 ! sc5e2 ! ris+ ( ! dead 
is !  subsidi>y fact1 ne$ful to !       
complet5ess ( ! gift ( life 9  ,*ri/4   
,on ?is crisis1 suppos$ to be s ne>1 8  
eye 0  exclusively fix$ :5ev] he spoke (
 ! ,*ri/ian's salvation2  & c\ld he h   
be5 told t no su* crisis w\ld come1 t1 =
  fifty g5]ations1 ! pres5t ord] ( ! _w 
w\ld v9dicate its  /ability1 we _c      
imag9e :at %ape 8 fai? w\ld h assum$2   
:e!r he w\ld h made light ( all ^!      
c5turies1 said t  ) ! ,et]nal a ?\s&    
ye>s are b z "o day1 & /ill  oppos$ to  
"o ano!r !   & !  2 or :e!r  he w\ld h  
f\nd t ! di/9ction 0 evanesc5t1 & !     
k+dom ( ,god 0 to be n s5t hi!r1 b to be
 creat$ "h2 or  h[1 9 ei!r case1 he w\ld
 h repres5t$ to himself ! /ate  ( !     
innum]able dead4 ,^! are que/ions :i*   
did n arise =  him2 & x 7 va9 to        
conjecture 8 solution4 ,he is engag$ )  
o!r problems2--all1 inde$1 hav+ ref]5ce 

to t nev] d\bt$  crisis1 & aris+ out (  
its manifold relations1 yet s treat$ by 
him z to deta* !m unaw>es f _! orig91 & 
give !m a  p]man5t place 9 ! religi\s   
consci\sness ( m54 ,:o 7 to  be !       
subjects ( t salvation8 ,h[ 7 !y        
qualifi$8 ,by :at  act ( ,god's1 & :at  
temp] ( _! own1 to rea* ! bless+8  ,:at 
pres5t assurance _h !y ( ?is approa*+   
good8 ,x is 9  deal+ ) ^! que/ions t ,/4
 ,paul d>ts f 8 objective  !ology into !
 deepe/ recesses ( human exp]i5ce1 &    
fet*es  into expression spiritual tru?s 
t transc5d _! incid5tal  occasion1 & w  
rema9 valid :ile !re is a s\l 9 man4    
,9 ! ,apo/le's habit ( ?\ght !re is a   
c]ta9 antique realism  :i* r5d]s _m ( 8 
doctr9es & reason+s almo/  unpres5table 
be=e a mod]n imag9ation4 ,) our %>p     
notions (  p]sonality1 ( ! entire       
insulation ( ea* m9d z an individual    
entity1 ( ! anti!sis ( inn] self to !   
out] ev]y?+1 we  are q out ( ,/4 ,paul's
 latitude1 & %all be p]petually tak+  = 
figures & p]sonification :at _h a lit]al

 e>ne/ness =  him4 ,! univ]se is ) him  
full ( ,ag5ts t = u are only            
,attributes1--! !atre ( c]ta9 real      
pr9ciples 7i4 e4  pr9ciples hav+ exi/5ce
 indep5d5t ( u71 t c>ry out _!  t5d5cies
 & hi/ory among !mselves1 & ^u & ?r\gh  
individual m51 z organs or m$ia ( _!    
activity4 ,?us1 ,s9 is  nei!r ! m]e     
volunt>y unfai?fulness ( ! transgressor1
 nor !  p]son ( ! tempt]2 b bo? ( ^!2 & 
t n ap>t f  "o ano!r or alt]nately1 b   
bl5d$ toge!r "u ! conception  ( a       
univ]sal elem5t ( evil1 hav+ its        
objective focus 9 ,satan  & its         
subjective manife/ation 9 man4 ,9 l     
mann] its opposite1  ,righte\sness      
7,ju/ification71 is n exclusively human 
rectitude1  or ! ,div9e ju/ice1 or      
quasi-goodness sub/itut$ = g5u9e2  b    
less e?ical ?an ! fir/1 less =5sic ?an !
 la/1 &  m ontological ?an ei!r2 t      
elem5t1 we may say1 9 !  ess5ce ( ,god  
:i* sets man at "o ) ,him1 & is ! common
  gr\nd ( _! h>moni\s relation4 ,ar\nd  
^! two contra/$  pr9ciples1 o!rs1       

equally conceiv$ z real elem5ts1 &      
misund]/ood z m]e attributes or ph5om5a1
 gr\p !mselves on  ei!r side4 ,) ! =m]  
is ,dea?1--! pair be+ gem9i1 n  simply  
jo9$ by decree ( ,god 9 "t1 b insep>able
 9 r]um  natura1 co-ord9ates by physical
 necessity2 & ,fle%1 ! mat]ial  or m$ium
 t furni%es ! end[m5ts ( s5se1 & in/9ct1
 &  ! natural w1 & af=ds to ,s9 its seat
 & hold ^u u2 &  ,law1 ! discrim9at+    
light t p>ts ! mixture ( good &  evil1  
&1 on ent]+ into u1 br+s ! slumb]+ evil 
into !  consci\s /ate1 & s makes x s9   
relatively to u1 &  simultane\sly %[s u 
! good )\t add+ to ! =ce =  produc+ x4  
,) ! latt]--,righte\sness--are enjo9$   
,life1 !  positive opposite ( ,dea?1 &1 
l x1 a function ( ! moral z  well z !   
natural con/itution1 ! immortal en]gy   
inh]5t 9  s9less be+2 & ,_s1 ! absolute 
ess5ce ( ,god1 pres5t z  ! vivify+ s\rce
 ( :atev] transc5ds nature1--a fa9t     
susceptibility1 felt only to be         
ov]ma/]$1 9 ! sons ( ,adam1--a  conqu]+ 
p[]1 coalesc+ ) ! p]sonality itself1 9  

,*ri/  & 8 disciples1--& a spontane\s   
fl[ ( high] life seiz+ on  conv]t$ m5 z 
organs ( its *>ismata2 & ,fai?1--!      
opposite  ( ,law1--! pass+ out (        
ourselves to embrace unse5 relations1 to
  make consci\s appropriation ( ! ,_s1 &
 ?us ent] into union  ) ,*ri/ & ,god4   
,ev5 ?is mo/ subjective ( all ! great   
pr9ciples ( ! ,apo/le's !ology1 is m ?an
 a m]e private &  p]sonal act4 ,z common
 to all ! disciples1--! simultane\s gaze
  t connects !m z a :ole ) ,*ri/1--its  
s+le ?reads pass  out & become a conv]g+
 web4 ,z some?+ o!r ?an ! act 7(        
ob$i5ce7 :i* m5 7 "u bond to r5d]1 x is 
a new in/itute  ( ,god1 &1 relatively to
 !m1 reads itself (f z ,grace4 ,z       
oppos$ to ,law1 9 :i* !re is a deliv]y (
 ! ,div9e w into  m51 x involves a draw+
 by ,div9e love ( an affection out (    
m54 ,& "u all ^! aspects x acquires     
some?+ ( t  indet]m9ate "*1 subjective &
 objective at once1 :i* !  associat$    
elem5ts possess 9 a mu* high] degree4 ,!
 same mode (  ?\ght is traceable 9 ano!r

 =m4 ,! ,apo/le exhibits !  provid5tial 
s*eme ( ! human race by di/ribut+ !m    
into two  successive g5tes1--! e>?y or  
natural1 ! heav5ly or  spiritual2 & lays
 d[n all ! pr$icates ( ea* direct f !   
p]sonal hi/ory ( _! respective heads1   
,adam & ,*ri/4 ,:atev]  is true ( !     
f\nd] is consid]$ z kn[n ( ! foll[]s2 ! 
ph5om5a ( 8 be+ spread !mselves         
inclusively to !irs4 ,he is  reg>d$1 n  
simply z a repres5tative individual1    
:ile !y are  ! repres5t$ individuals2 b 
z a type ( be+ )9 :i*  !y are conta9$1 &
 :i* 9 its hi/ory & vicissitudes c>ries 
!m hi!r & ?i!r4 ,condemnation &         
r$emption take place by  ,k9ds1 & fall  
on p>ticul> p]sons 9 virtue ( _! p>tak+ 
( ^! k9ds4 ,settle ! attributes ( !     
species1 z f\nd 9 its  ar*etype1 & y "k 
:at to say ( individuals4 ,x is n       
difficult to und]/& ?is way ( ?9k+ s    
long z ! ,apo/le  applies x1 z a        
naturali/ might1 to ! ,adamic g5s2 &    
argues1  t1 be+ made ( e>?y mat]ials 771
 & hav+ ! focus (  p]sonality 9 1 ) no  

adequate c\nt]poise ( 1 x is  ! seat (  
s9 & dea?4 ,b x is less easy to foll[ ! 
,apo/le's  mean+ :5 he simil>ly         
id5tifies ,*ri/ians ) ,*ri/1 &          
transf]s1 or r ext5ds1 to !m all ! great
 *>act]i/ics (  8 exi/5ce4 ,!y are      
crucifi$ to ! _w4 ,!y are all dead  )   
him2 !y are buri$ ) him 9 baptism2 !y   
are ris5 )  him2 _! life is hid ) him 9 
,god4 ,& :ile ?is is true (  liv+       
disciples1 he is no less ! fir/-fruits (
 !m t  sleep2 8 resurrection is b ! fir/
 pulsation ( an act t  next proce$s to  
!irs1 & !n completes ! trans=mation ( ! 
liv+4 ,all ?is is meant = m ?an         
rhetorical analogy4 ,)  ,*ri/1 & 9      
,*ri/1 took place a re-con/itution (    
humanity4 ,(  ! new man1 he 0 ! ideal & 
ar*etype2 inv]t+ !  proportions (  & 1 &
 hav+ 8 ess5ce & p]sonality  9 ! latt]1 
s z to r5d] s9 an unrealiz$ possibility 
& dea?  a transitory accid5t4 ,! _s 9   
him :i* ev9c$ its life-giv+  p[] 9 rais+
 him f ! dead1 is no m limit$ to 8      
individuality1 ?an fle% & blood 7 !     

attributes ( ,adam only4  ,x spreads to 
! :ole family ( s\ls1 spr++ up into 8   
k9dr$2 x fl[s into !m z !y look up to   
him 9 fai?1 & are  reborn to him2 x     
repeats 9 !m ! fruits x produc$ 9       
him1--!  sacrifice ( self1--! dy+ away (
 passion & pride1--! heav5ly  love t    
d>ts ^u ! w+ :i!r ! ble$+ feet (        
consci5ce  fail to climb1--toge!r ) _m a
 gift less excell5t1 ( heal+  & (       
tongues4 ,! consci\sness ( ?is new he>t1
 set free )  ,div9e affections1 is      
imm$iate evid5ce ( _! union ) ,*ri/1  ( 
! ,real ,pres5ce ( 8 ,_s )9 !m1 ( _!    
sub/antive  incorporation into 8 ess5ce1
 & !re=e ( a re/or$ h>mony  & ev5 on5ess
 ) ,god4 ,to :at ext5t ! ,apo/le        
conceiv$ t  ?is trans=mation ( nature1  
by p>tn]%ip 9 ! prop]ties ( !  heav5ly  
,*ri/1 might be c>ri$ 9 ! liv+ disciple1
 x is n  possible to say4 ,x am\nt$ to a
 new creation2 & among ! old  ?+s t _h  
already pass$ away1 he probably includ$ 
m ?an  ! moral habits & feel+s ( !      
unconv]t$ /ate2 & conceiv$  t ! same _s 

by :i* ^! di$ out 0 purify+ also !      
bodily organism ( ! believ]1 & leav5+ x 
) antiseptic  prep>ation = its f9al     
inve/iture ) immortality4 ,t la/  *ange1
 l ! resurrection itself1 is n reg>d$ z 
an ext]nal  miracle1 sudd5ly =c$ on an  
uncong5ial mat]ial by m]e  ,almight9ess2
 b z ! la/ & cr[n+ /age ( an int]nal    
developm5t1 ^: pr9ciple _h long be5     
active1--! em]g5ce f  all entanglem5t ) 
fle% & blood ( t spiritual elem5t  :i* 9
 ,jesus c\ld n be hold5 ( dea?1 & :i*1  
dwell+ 9  8 disciples1 already dead5$ & 
damp$ ! vitality ( ! 1  & w\ld at la/   
quick5 !  ) imp]i%able life4 ,?us x is  
t ,*ri/ is n to ,/4 ,paul an hi/orical  
individual1 b a  g5]ic nature1--!       
ar*etype ( a spiritual species1 %>+ 8   
attributes & repeat+ 8 exp]i5ce4        
,cle>$ z a /age = ^! cont5d+ pr9ciples1 
! univ]se  witnesses _! co-exi/5ce &    
antagonism f ! beg9n+ to !  end ( "t4   
,! great drama has two ma9 acts1 & !    
cross ( ,*ri/ divides !m4    ,! fir/ is 
a desc5d+ p]iod1 accumulat+ ! =ce ( evil

 to a  pit* ( frightful triumph4 ,!     
second is an asc5d+ p]iod1 at  ^: goal !
 la/ enemy is gone4    ,9 ! op5+ sc5e ( 
! fir/1 ext5d+ f ,adam to ,moses1 bo?   
,fle% & ,_s 7 !re2 n yet1 h[ev]1 9      
conflict2 b !  latt] sleep+ z a m]e     
susceptibility1 & ! =m] hav+ its own    
way 9 ! in/9ctive life ( man4 ,! /ate 0 
n "o :i*1 _h !  comp>ison be5 made1 w\ld
 h accord$ ) ! ,div9e w4 ,x 0  !re=e    
really1 ?\gh unconsci\sly1 a reign (    
,s91 z 0 prov$ by  ! pres5ce ( ,s9's    
insep>able sign1--! g5]ations di$4    ,!
 next sc5e 0 m>k$ by ! introduction (   
,law4 ,! effects  71 to br+ into full   
consci\sness ! s9 be=e unm>k$1 & s  make
 x exce$+ly s9ful2 to set man at v>iance
 ) himself by  giv+ him disc]nm5t1 &    
quick5+ 8 long+ & 8 fe>1  )\t any new   
spr+ ( =ce2 & actually to multiply      
transgressions by enum]at+ & sugge/+ !m4
    ,h5ce1 at ! close ( ! p]iod1 an utt]
 rott+ away ( human  society1 & a       
confirm$ moral incapacity ( ! wide/     
sweep4 ,!  spontane\s law ( nature & !  

writt5 law ( ,moses be+ equally  set at 
naught by ,g5tile & by ,jew1 any        
promises ,god might h giv5  fell ?r\gh1 
f human brea* ( ! conditions4 ,?is 0 !  
mom5t  seiz$ = in/itut+ a new creation2 
! promis$ ,messiah ( !  ,jews be+ !     
vehicle ( its accompli%m5t1 & ! l9k (   
connection betwe5 ! old & ! new4    ,all
 ! ,messianic conditions 7 fulfill$1--! 
"r tribe1 !  "r family1 ! "r p]sonal    
m>ks & *>act]i/ics4 ,b !y  7 also       
transc5d$4 ,along ) ! human infirmities 
&  liabilities 0 pres5t1 9 ?is ar*etype 
( a new race1 ! ,_s  9 su* full measure 
z to con/itute 8 prop] self1 or at lea/ 
w9  t c5tre by complete victory ov]     
nature & temptation &  surr5d] ( all he 
_h & 0 to a ,div9e ,love4 ,z he _h      
baffl$  & held (f ,s91 ,dea? _h s f> no 
bus9ess ) him4 ,yet :at 0  to be done8 =
 !re 7 conflict+ claims ^u him4 ,s9less 
9  himself1 he 0 ( a s9-doom$ type1 !   
lik5ess ( s9ful fle%  7  71 & !re=e     
liable to ! incid5ts (  su* a race4 ,?is
 0 at lea/ 8 prop]ty by nature4 ,at !   

same  "t1 he 0 int]nally & ess5tially ( 
! opposite type2 !  image ( ,god 7  71 &
 s1 =eign to ! mortal fate1 at  once    
imp]i%able & life-giv+4 ,9 ! p]son ( ?is
 d\ble  nature1 ! conte/ betwe5 !       
antagoni/s mu/ come to an issue2 &  :ile
 bo? ga9 _! due1 x is ! la/ triumph (   
evil1 ! fir/  op5+ ( et]nal good4 ,s91  
recogniz+ 9 8 suff]+ & mortal  frame its
 own physical c\nt]p>t & %ad[1 /rikes   
him ) dea?1  ex]t+ = t end its own /r5g?
 & in/rum5t1 ! ,law4  ,b 9 ?us c>ry+ its
 c\rse ^u ! guiltless1 x ov]rea*$ &     
sp5t itself2 & ! ,law1 l5d+ itself to   
su* an act1 fell into                   
self-contradiction1 & disappe>$ 9       
suicide4 ,he di$1 !re=e1 9  virtue ( :at
 0 really =eign to him1 z repres5tative 
( a ,s9  :i* 0 n 81 b :i* yet involv$   
him1 z human1 9 sorr[ &  mortality4 ,b  
no soon] _h ?is happ5$1 ?an 8           
,righte\sness  v9dicat$ its p[]4 ,he    
came out ( dea?1 :i* c\ld n keep "o  s  
holy2 & n[1 escap$ f nationality1 &     
plac$ al(t z !  ideal ( ! new humanity1 

8 vivify+ _s p5etrates ! he>t  ( m5     
bel[1 &1 tak+ !m on ! side ( fai? & love
 in/ead  ( w1 k9dles a div9e fire t     
burns up ! dead elem5ts ( !  old man1 & 
wraps ! heav5ly places & ! e>?ly 9 a    
common blaze4 ,by spiritual affiliation 
) him1 8 disciples ent]  ! ess5ce ( all 
holy & immortal natures4 ,& s x comes to
 pass1  t1 ?r\gh ! incid5ce ( sorr[ &   
dea? 9 ! wrong place1 an  objective p[] 
( righte\sness is set free1 t reconciles
  mank9d ) ,god1 & re/ores !m to        
sanctity & life4 ,! pa/ &  ! future (   
humanity 7 conc5trat$1 j at ! turn+ po9t
  betwe5 !m1 9 "o p]son2 ! natural      
elem5t1 be>+ ! burd5  ( ! pa/1 p]i%$ &  
fell away2 ! spiritual & div9e          
pr9ciple1 conta9+ ! g]m ( ! future1     
ass]t$ its  inext+ui%able life2 & f     
heav5 ev9c$ its self-multiply+  p[]1    
mak+ him only ! fir/-born ( _m bre?r54  
,?us 0 ! second act initiat$1 :i* also  
pres5t$ two successive  sc5es4 ,dur+ !  
fir/1 ! ,*ri/ 0 /ill 9 heav52 & 8 ,_s   
on e>?1 hav+ ! community ( disciples =  

its organ or body1  /ood 9 pres5ce /ill 
( ! oppos+ p[]s4 ,9 ! _w1 x  encroa*$ ^u
 ! prov9ce ( evil cont9ually1 & reclaim$
 a  citadel "h & !re4 ,9 ! ,*ur*1 if x  
infus$ z yet no p]fect  grace1 x left   
its e>ne/ ev]y:]e2--ec/atic gifts &     
my/ic  insights2 he>ts set free f pride 
& scorn1 & br\ght to !  meekness &      
g5tl5ess ( ,*ri/2 ! self-seek+ w        
surr5d]$2  ! anxi\s consci5ce l$ to     
tru/2 ! tangles ( ?\ght smoo!d out  by a
 wisdom n its own2 & outw>d di/9ctions  
r$uc$ to naught by  fai?1 & hope1 &     
*>ity4 ,nev]!less1 ,satan di/urb$ !     
/ill2 & ev5 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,_s 7 b        
prison]s yet1 &  felt ! t5t ( nature b a
 poor abode4 ,!y _h yet to wait = _!    
full adoption2 :5 ! tab]nacle 9 :i* !y  
groan$ be+  dissolv$1 !y %\ld be inve/$ 
) an unwa/+ frame4    ,?is 0 res]v$ = ! 
f9al sc5e1 ! com+ & ! reign (  ,*ri/4   
,at ?is culm9at+ crisis1 ! antagonism   
:i* 9 ,adam 0 z  yet unfelt f ! asc5d5cy
 ( nature1 0 to die out & cease on  !   
absolute triumph ( ! ,_s4 ,physically1  

dea? 0 to disappe>2  ! dep>t$ be+ f9ally
 re9/at$ 9 life1 & ! liv+ clo!d  ^u ) _!
 new g>m5t ere yet !y 7 /ripp$ ( ! old4 
,morally1 ! remnant ( inn] /rife &      
temptation1 t ev5 ! fai?  ( sa9ts might 
leave unappeas$1 w\ld pass away1        
aspiration be  h>moniz$ ) a*iev+ p[]1 & 
9 consci\s pres5ce ( !  objects ( deepe/
 affection & rev]5ce ! sighs ( sep>ation
 w\ld  cease4 ,z soon z resi/ance 0 ov]1
 & !re 0 no?+ to subdue1  ! sep>ate     
function ( ,god's r$eem+ & sanctify+ ,_s
 w\ld  f9d no "w2 ! k+dom w\ld be       
resign$ to ! ,fa!r2 ! ,son  w\ld be     
subject2 & ! ,tr9ity w\ld cease4        
,:e!r ! ,apo/le's vision ( tru/ 0 really
 ( univ]sal success1  & includ$ ev5 ^?  
:o %\ld /ill be f\nd a/ray at la/1 is a 
"q difficult ( direct det]m9ation2 b n v
 d\btful :5  tri$ by ! g5]al scope ( 8  
doctr9e4 ,mr4 ,j[ett's judgm5t1  giv5 9 
! foll[+ passage1 truly seizes1 we ?9k1 
! feel+ (  ,/4 ,paul4 ,! au?or is       
comm5t+ on ! p>allel drawn betwe5 ,adam 
& ,*ri/1 especially on ! words1 ,z by "o

 man's transgression  s9 ent]$ into !   
_w1 & dea? by s91 & has %[n t !y  d n   
tea* any imputation ( ,adam's s94    ,x 
is h>dly necess>y to ask ! fur!r "q1 :at
 mean+ we  c atta* to ! imputation ( s9 
& guilt :i* are n our own1  & ( :i* we  
are unconsci\s4 ,god c nev] see u o!r   
?an we  really are1 or judge u )\t      
ref]5ce to all our circum/ances &       
antec$5ts4 ,if we c h>dly suppose t he  
w\ld all[ a fiction (  m]cy to be       
int]pos$ betwe5 ourselves & him1 /ill   
less c we  imag9e t he w\ld int]pose a  
fiction ( v5geance4 ,if he requires     
hol9ess be=e he w save1 mu* m1 may we   
say 9 ! ,apo/le's  =m ( spee*1 w he     
require s9 be=e he dooms u to p]dition4 
,nor c any?+ be 9 _s m contr>y to ! liv+
  consci\sness ( s9 ( :i* ! ,apo/le     
ev]y:]e speaks1 ?an !  conception ( s9 z
 dead1 unconsci\s evil1 orig9at+ 9 ! act
 (  an individual man1 9 ! _w be=e !    
flood4    ,on ! :ole1 !n1 we are l$ to  
inf] t 9 ! ,augu/9ian  int]pretation (  
?is passage1 ev5 if x agree ) ! lett] ( 

! text1 too little reg>d has be5 paid to
 ! ext5t to :i* ,/4  ,paul uses         
figurative language1 & to ! mann] ( 8   
age 9  int]pretations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4
 ,! difficulty ( suppos+ him  to be     
allegoriz+ ! n>rative ( ,g5esis is      
slight1 9 comp>ison  ) ! difficulty (   
suppos+ him to c\nt5ance a doctr9e at   
v>iance ) our fir/ notions ( ! moral    
nature ( ,god4    ,b :5 ! figure is     
dropp$1 & all[ance is made = ! mann]  ( 
! age1 ! "q once m returns ^u u1--',:at 
is !  ,apo/le's mean+8' ,he is argu+1 we
 see1  1 & tak+  8 /& on ! receiv$      
op9ions ( 8 "t4 ,d we imag9e t 8  object
 is no o!r ?an to set ! seal ( 8        
au?ority on ^!  traditional beliefs8 ,! 
:ole analogy1 n m]ely ( ! writ+s (  ,/4 
,paul1 b ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t1 w\ld 
lead u to suppose  t 8 object 0 n to    
reass]t !m1 b to tea*1 ?r\gh !m1  a new 
& nobl] lesson4 ,! ,jewi% ,rabbis w\ld h
 spok5 ( !  fir/ & second ,adam2 b :i* (
 !m w\ld h made !  application ( !      
figure to all mank9d8 ,a figure ( spee* 

x  rema9s /ill1 an allegory aft] ! mann]
 ( t age & c\ntry1  b yet ) no unc]ta9  
or ambigu\s int]pretation4 ,x means t   
',god ha? made ( "o blood all ! nations 
( ! e>?'2 t 'he  ha? conclud$ all "u s91
 t he may h m]cy ^u all'2 t  life answ]s
 to dea?1 ! times be=e to ! times aft] !
  revelation ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x means t 
we are "o 9 a common  s9ful nature1 :i*1
 ev5 if x be n d]iv$ f ! s9 ( ,adam1    
exi/s z really z if x 74 ,x means t we  
%all be made "o 9  ,*ri/ by ! grace (   
,god1 9 a measure "h1 m fully &         
p]fectly 9 ano!r _w4 ,m ?an ?is x also  
means1 & m  ?an language c express1 b n 
! weak & begg>ly elem5ts (  ,rabb9ical  
tradition4 ,we may n encumb] ,/4 ,paul )
 ! ?+s  :i* he 'de/roy$4' ,:at x means  
fur!r is n to be atta9$ by  !ological   
di/9ctions1 b by putt+ (f ! old man &   
putt+  on ! new man4--,vol4 ,,ii4 p4    
#aff4    ,on survey+ ! picture ( "t & ! 
hi/ory ( humanity t lay  b5ea? ,/4      
,paul's eye1 ! "q naturally arises1 ,:at
 is its  significance & value = u8      

,manife/ly n ^? ( an absolute guide     
?r\gh ! labyr9?9e dep?s ( ! ,div9e      
c\nsels4 ,we c sc>cely  imag9e :at w\ld 
h be5 ! feel+ ( ,/4 ,paul1 c\ld he h    
=ese5 t lat] ages w\ld look n to ! fai? 
( ,abraham 9 !  ,law1 b to ! ,epi/le to 
! ,romans1 z ! highe/ au?ority on !     
doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?2 or1 t !y
 w\ld h reg>d$  ! allegory ( ,hag> &    
,s>ah1 9 ! ,galatians1 z a difficulty to
 be  resolv$ by ! inspiration ( !       
,apo/le4#fg ,we _c say ( him  less ?an  
,mr4 ,j[ett says ( a great] ?an ,paul1 t
 9 _m places  8 tea*+ is on a level ) ! 
modes ( ?\ght ( 8 age4 7,i4  #ig47 ,!   
ultimate po9t t[>ds :i* all ! l9es ( 8  
expectations  conv]g$1 & all ! hi/ory ( 
! pa/ appe>$ to gaze1 we "k to  h _h no 
exi/5ce :]e he plac$ x2 & z ! :ole s*eme
 0  laid out to lead up to ?is1 x might 
seem to disappe> z ! fabric (  a dream4 
,yet x is n s2 & ! v fe> implies t we   
look 9 !  wrong place = ! p]man5t amid !
 evanesc5t 9 ! ,gospel4                 
,religion--reveal$ or unreveal$--is no  

production ( ! sy/ematiz+               
intellect1--inspir$ or un9spir$4 ,!     
work+s ( con/ructive ?\ght  foll[1 n    
lead x4 ,_! function is n creative1 b   
simply  adaptive2--to f9d a settlem5t & 
ord]ly me?od ( be+ & gr[+  = "s new     
pr9ciple ( div9e life1 or = "s old      
pr9ciple 9 an  alt]$ sc5e2 to w>d (f f x
 uncong5ial elem5ts1 remove dead  matt] 
t *okes x1 & surr\nd x ) conditions :5ce
 x may  weave its organism ar\nd x & s5d
 deep roots into ! mell[$ soil  (       
humanity4 ,div9e tru? is ! com+ ( ,god  
to man1 pa?less &  traceless3 !ologic   
?\ght is ! retrogressive se>* ( man aft]
  ,god1 n by ,8 ways :i* are pa/ f9d+   
out1 & invisible z  night1 b necess>ily 
by su* tracks z ! age has op5$ & ano!r  
age may close or *ange4    ,!           
manife/ation ( sup]natural realities to 
! human s\l involves  s mu* :i* is      
my/]i\s & unique1 t only "u great       
qualification c we comp>e x ) ! kn[n    
m5tal processes4 ,b  7 we to conceive ( 
x less by ! analogy ( sci5tific         

discov]y1  & m by t ( arti/ic           
appreh5sion1 _m an emb>rassm5t w\ld  be 
sav$4 ,9 a "w ( high art1 y give a      
,phidias or a ,raffaelle  8 subject2 he 
necess>ily takes x f t :i* /irs ! he>t  
( 8 "t1 & has a solemnity = 8 own & y d 
n f9d fault  t !re is my?ology 9 ! gr\p1
 or ,m>iolatry 9 ! picture4  ,?r\gh !   
conceptions ( "o "t !re speaks a feel+ =
 all2  & ! repres5tation may be         
immortal1 :5 ! ?+ repres5t$ has  long   
be5 hi/orical4 ,nor is x t x only       
reflects honor on its  au?or's "n4 ,x   
spr+s f an inn] h>mony ) ! v he>t (     
?+s1 & x gives a new expressiv5ess to   
life & nature1 &  leaves beh9d a        
self-lum9\s spot 9 ! _w1 :]e !re 0      
gross d>kness be=e4 ,h5ce x looks into !
 eyes1 & f9ds !  s\l ( "o g5]ation aft] 
ano!r2 &1 amid ! *ange (  mat]ials & !  
succession ( s*ools1 keeps alive ! v    
s5se by  :i* alone mat]ials c be wield$ 
& s*ools exi/4 ,) j  ! same result d !  
accid5tal & tempor>y m$ia fall away f   
e>ly ,*ri/ianity2 dis5gag+ a residu>y _s

 t takes up !  life ( all times1 t\*es a
 consci\sness else unrea*$1 &  brea!s ^u
 ! face ( ?+s1 till ! mean+s writ !re ) 
invisible ink come into cle>ness be=e ! 
eye4 ,if x pleases ,god1  in/ead (      
spread+ at our feet ! ?+s to be se51 r  
to  quick5 our vision till we see !m :]e
 !y are1 x is revelation  all ! same1   
only deep] & m v>i\s2 n an incid5t (    
position1 b a p[] t c migrate 9 place & 
"t1 & read !  ,provid5tial p]spective   
ev]y:]e4 ,?is pr(\nd] insight into      
div9e relations x has be5 ! especial    
(fice ( ,/4 ,paul to  awak52 & none !   
less t ! fla%es by :i* he gives x are   
incid5tal1 & d n proce$ f ! ,rabb9ic    
lamp :i* he holds  up to 8 apocalyptic  
pictures4 ,inde$1 x is he1 9 great      
measure1  t has c>ri$ ,*ri/5dom into    
regions o!r ?an 8 own4 ,8  ?\ght is     
ev]y:]e p5etrat$ ) an int5se heat1      
leav5$ )  lightn+1 t fuses ! mass       
conta9+ x1 & runs (f alive =  o!r m$ia  
to hold x4 ,! revelation to him ( ,*ri/ 
9 heav5 set  9 action all ! res\rces ( 8

 nature1 & gave !m a  pret]natural      
t5sion4 ,! s5tim5ts :i* f\nd            
satisfaction1 !  intimations :i* came   
into expression1 9 8 =m ( doctr9e1 are  
n[ = ev] human1 fix$ 9 ! self-k ( m5 by 
8  fai?ful words1 & sure to transmigrate
 into o!r =ms1 :5 _!  fir/ embodim5t w  
hold !m no m4 ,& s mu* is ! ,apo/le's   
lat] exposition ( 8 hope dive/$ ( :at is
 special to himself1  t to all ages s9ce
 x has /ruck ^u ! e> ( m\rn]s along  ) !
 v toll ( ! fun]al bell2 & ?\gh (t5     
indi/9ct to  _! m9d1 x has j>r$ ) no    
falsehood on _! he>t1 b  s\nd$ l an an!m
 9 ! d>k1--great music & dim words4 ,x  
ne$$ only "t & ev5ts to transmute !     
doctr9e into t ( a  future life4 ,= x   
includ$--9 ord] to meet ! case ( ^? :o  
_h fall5 asleep--! conception ( a pa?1  
?r\gh dea? be=e  ! "t1 to dep>t & be )  
,*ri/2 only t ?is 0 ! m9or  provision1 !
 by-pa? ( ! e>ly few4 ,reop5$1 h[ev]1 z 
x  always 0 :5 a disciple pass$ away1 x 
became an ev]more famili>  track2 &     
exp]i5ce _h b to negative ! opposite    

direction by  leav+ x untrac$1 9 ord] t 
! upw>d track %\ld become !  via sacra (
 human fai?4 ,& c any "o d\bt :at !     
ju/ification by fai? means1 :5 con/ru$  
into ! language (  univ]sal exp]i5ce8 ,x
 means t ,god wants m f u1 & also  less1
 ?an ! anxi\s w c d2 m1 because he wants
 ourselves2  less1 because he does n    
want our niceties ( "w4 ,x means t we   
are call$ to spiritual heights we /rive 
9 va9 to climb2 t !  mo/ pati5t feet1   
/ep aft] /ep ^u ! gr\nd1 w b /&  ^u !   
e>?ly m\nta9s aft] all2 & x is ! fi]y   
*>iot (  love & tru/ t mu/ be> u into   
heav54 ,x means t !re is  an            
affectionat5ess 9 ,god t looks to :at we
 are1 r ?an :at  we d1 & m readily      
speaks to u ( communion ?an ( ob$i5ce4  
,true1 ?is is b ano!r way ( say+ :at our
 religion else:]e  m e?ically expresses1
 t ,god requires our p]fect s]vice1 &   
yet has =giv5ess = :at is imp]fect4 ,b  
?is /atem5t1 ?\gh  x means also t heav5 
is op5 to ! pure1 int5t1 & s+le  he>t1  
t\*es a spr+ less deep & /rong4 ,x      

divides ! integral  & liv+ fact1 ev5 9  
reg>d to ,god1 by describ+ x z a dem&  (
 ! :ole1 & !n a subtraction ( a "p2 & s 
exhibit+ x  r z a dissolution ( ju/ice1 
?an z tru? & :ol5ess (  love4 ,& !      
,paul9e doctr9e appeals ) f> m imm$iate 
p[]  to human consci\sness1 especially  
to t ?ird ( mank9d :om a  f]vid         
en?usia/ic m9d r5d]s little accessible  
to ! cold  solemnities ( duty4 ,&1      
f9ally1 if we are ins5sible to !  gr&eur
 ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ z to ! univ]sality 
( ! ,gospel1  x is n m because x is     
entangl$ ) ! "q ( ,jew &  ,g5tile1 ?an  
because ! s5tim5t has become ! common   
atmosph]e  ( ,*ri/5dom1 & we feel n its 
fre%ness1 because x bl[s n on  u z a    
breeze1 b only z our brea? ( life4 ,let 
,mr4 ,j[ett  remove f u ! spell ( our   
indiff]5ce4    ,let u turn aside = a    
mom5t to consid] h[ great ?is ?\ght 0  9
 t age & c\ntry2 a ?\ght :i* ! wise/ (  
m5 _h nev]  be=e utt]$1 :i* ev5 at !    
pres5t h\r we imp]fectly realize1  :i*  
is /ill leav5+ ! _w1 & %all d s until ! 

:ole is  leav5$1 & ! diff]5ces ( races1 
( nations1 ( ca/es1 (  religions1 (     
languages1 are fully done away4 ,no?+   
c\ld seem a  less natural or obvi\s     
lesson 9 ! !n /ate ( ! _w2 no?+  c\ld be
 m at v>iance ) exp]i5ce1 or m difficult
 to c>ry  out into practice4 ,ev5 to u x
 is h>d to imag9e t ! isl&]  ( ! ,s\?   
,seas1 ! p>iah ( ,india1 ! ,african 9 8 
wor/  e/ate1 is equally ) ourselves     
,god's creature4 ,b 9 ! age (  ,/4      
,paul1 h[ great mu/ h be5 ! difficulty (
 conceiv+  b>b>ian & ,scy?ian1 bond &   
free1--all colors1 =ms1 races1 &        
languages1--alike & equal 9 ! pres5ce ( 
,god :o made !m6 ,!  orig9 ( ! human    
race 0 veil$ 9 a deep] my/]y to ! anci5t
  _w1 & ! l9es :i* sep>at$ mank9d 7 h>d]
 & /rong]2  yet ! 'love ( ,*ri/         
con/ra9+' b\nd toge!r 9 its cords  ^?   
mo/ sep>at$ by "t or di/ance2 ^? :o 7 ! 
types (  ! mo/ extreme diff]5ces ( :i* !
 human race is capable4    ,! ?\ght (   
?is bro!rhood ( all mank9d1 ! great     
family on  e>?1 n only implies t all m5 

h c]ta9 rights & claims at  our h&s2 x  
is also a ?\ght ( peace & com=t4 ,fir/1 
x leads  u to re/ 9 ,god1 n z select+ u 
because he _h a favor unto u1  b z      
inf9itely j to all mank9d4 ,to ?9k (    
ourselves1 or our  ,*ur*1 or our age1 z 
! p>ticul> exceptions ( 8 m]cy1 is n  a 
?\ght ( com=t1 b ( p]plexity4 ,secondly1
 x l9ks our  =tunes ) ^? ( m5 9 g5]al1 &
 gives u ! same support  9 ref]5ce to   
our et]nal de/9y1 t we receive f ea* o!r
  9 a n>r[ sph]e 9 ! conc]ns ( daily    
life4 ,?irdly1 x relieves  u f all      
anxiety ab\t ! condition ( o!r m51 (    
fri5ds  dep>t$1 ( ^? ignorant ( !       
,gospel1 ( ^? ( a diff]5t  =m ( fai? f  
our own1 kn[+ t ,god1 :o has ?us f>     
lift$  up ! veil1 'w ju/ify !           
circumcision ?r\gh fai?1 & !            
uncircumcision by fai?'2 ! ,jew :o      
fulfils ! law1 & ! ,g5tile  :o does by  
nature ! ?+s conta9$ 9 ! law4--,vol4    
,,ii4 p4 #abf4    ,:at ! doctr9e (      
univ]sality 9 ! ,div9e gov]nm5t 0 to t  
age1--z new & transport+1--is 9 our own 

! cle> p]ception (  ! moral nature (    
,god1 & ( 8 inf9ite tru? & ju/ice4 ,?is 
is "o ( ! _m deep say+s1 sad & wise1    
quietly dropp$ by our  au?or 9 a s]ies (
 disquisitions1 t %[1 among o!r ?+s1  h[
 well he und]/&s its scope4 ,ev]y:]e 8  
c>e is to dis5gage  ,*ri/ianity f !     
!ological conceptions fa/5$ on x by a   
co>s] age2 &1 hav+ re/or$ ! purity ( its
 moral vision1 to  enl>ge its horizon to
 ! :ole ext5t ( mod]n k &  exp]i5ce4    
,p5etrat+ b5ea? ! figures natural to ,/4
 ,paul1 !  v *anges ( :i* %[ !m to be   
figures1 he f9ds t no?+  c be m abhorr5t
 f ! ,apo/le's ?\ght ?an ! doctr9e (    
satisfaction1 :i* is hunt$ d[n1 9 e =m1 
) exhau/ive  & indignant logic2 t ev5 ! 
analogy ( sacrifice r %[s  u :at ! dea? 
( ,*ri/ 0 n1 ?an :at x 02 & t to  draw u
 into union ) ,*ri/1 to fix our eye on 8
 pure  self-r5unciation z ! greate/     
moral act ev] done 9 ?is _w1  to keep u 
9 a mood t h>monizes our tru/ 9 ,god )  
our  di/ru/ ( ourselves1 & to sugge/ m  
?an x c expla9 ( hope  & peace to a     

reconcil$ _w1 are ! real functions1 z ( 
8  dea?1 s ( all ! /ages ( 8 exi/5ce4   
,?is pure type ( fai?  em]ges1 we v5ture
 to affirm1 )\t /ra9+ ! rights ( !      
int]pret]4 ,! re/ & fre$om x gives to ! 
m9d is s+ul>ly  evid5t 9 ! f9e essay on 
,natural ,religion4 ,! au?or sets =?  f 
! ,*ri/ian c5tre1 &1 consci\sly m>k+ :]e
 he passes  ! b\nd>y ( ! apo/olic view1 
surveys & br+s to its  religi\s place ! 
:ole outly+ realm ( nature1 hi/ory1 &   
life1  t 0 unkn[n to ,scripture1 b is   
fact to u4 ,! great ,g5tile  religions1 
n[ discrim9at$ & int]pret$1 & asc]ta9$  
to  foll[ c]ta9 laws ( developm5t2 !    
bread? 9 philosophies1 pur]  & bright] z
 hi/ory pass$ on2 ! ,natural ,religion1 
:i* is !  c\nt]p>t ( ^! 9 ,*ri/ian      
times1 & holds its place by !  side (   
revelation2 & ! ord9>y /ate ( "* 9      
morally  good b unspiritual p]sons1     
7/ate ( nature r ?an (  grace17--are    
review$ & e/imat$ ) a bread? (          
obs]vation  & a delicacy ( reflection   
s+ul>ly impressive4 ,inde$1 !  lit]ature

 ( religi\s philosophy af=ds few nobl]  
productions ?an  ?is essay4 ,) h[ true a
 h& & bright a t\* is ! foll[+  picture 
drawn6 ,we w b hang x up 9 our read]'s  
imag9ation1 &  leave him to commune ) x 
alone4    ,x is impossible n to obs]ve t
 innum]able p]sons1--may we n  say !    
majority ( mank9d8--:o h a belief 9 ,god
 & immortality1  h nev]!less h>dly any  
consci\sness ( ! peculi> doctr9es (  !  
,gospel4 ,!y seem to live alo( f !m 9 ! 
r\t9e ( bus9ess  or ( pleasure1 '!      
common life ( all m51' n )\t a s5se (   
"r1 & a rule ( tru? & hone/y1 yet       
ins5sible to :at our  ,savi\r meant by  
tak+ up ! cross & foll[+ him1 or :at ,/4
 ,paul  meant by 'be+ "o ) ,*ri/4' ,!y  
die )\t any great fe> or  lively hope2  
to ! la/ m int]e/$ ab\t ! lea/ conc]ns (
  ?is _w ?an ab\t ! greate/ ( ano!r4 ,!y
 h nev] 9 _!  :ole lives exp]i5c$ ! love
 ( ,god1 or ! s5se ( s91 or !  ne$ (    
=giv5ess4 ,(t5 !y are rem>kable = !     
purity ( _!  morals2 _m ( !m h /rong &  
dis9t]e/$ atta*m5ts1 &  quick human     

sympa?ies2 sometimes a /oical feel+ (   
uprightness1 or a  peculi> s5sitiv5ess  
to di%onor4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to say  
!y  are )\t religion4 ,!y jo9 9 its     
public acts2 !y are (f5d$ at  pr(an5ess 
or impiety2 !y are ?ankful = ! bless+s (
 life1 &  d n rebel aga9/ its mis=tunes4
 ,su* m5 meet u at e turn4  ,!y are ^?  
:om we "k & associate )2 hone/ 9 _!     
deal+s1 respectable 9 _! lives1 dec5t 9 
_! conv]sation4 ,!  ,scripture speaks to
 u ( two classes1 repres5t$ by ! ,*ur* &
 !  _w1 ! :eat & ! t>es1 ! %eep & !     
goats1 ! fri5ds &  enemies ( ,god4 ,we  
_c say 9 :i* ( ! two divisions we %\ld  
f9d a place = !m4    ,! picture is a    
true "o1 &1 if we *ange ! light by :i*  
we look  at x1 may be a resemblance (   
ourselves no less ?an ( o!r m54  ,o!rs w
 include mo/ ( u 9 ! same circle 9 :i*  
we are  includ+ !m4 ,:at %all we say to 
su* a /ate1 common z x is to  bo? u &   
!m8 ,! fact t we are consid]+ is n !    
evil (  ! _w1 b ! neutrality ( ! _w1 !  
indiff]5ce ( !  _w1 ! in]tness ( ! _w4  

,!re are multitudes ( m5 & wom5  ev]y:]e
 :o h no peculi>ly ,*ri/ian feel+s1 to  
:om1 except  = ! indirect influ5ce (    
,*ri/ian in/itutions1 ! fact t  ,*ri/   
di$ on ! cross = _! s9s has made no     
diff]5ce2 & :o  h1 nev]!less1 ! common  
s5se ( tru? & "r almo/ equally  ) true  
,*ri/ians4 ,y _c say ( !m1 ',!re is none
 t doe?  good2 no1 n "o4' ,! o!r tone ( 
,/4 ,paul is m suitable3 ',:5  !        
,g5tiles t "k n ! law d by nature ! ?+s 
conta9$ 9  ! law1 ^! n kn[+ ! law are a 
law unto !mselves4' ,s (  :at we        
commonly t]m ! _w1 z oppos$ to ^? :o    
make a  pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity1 we mu/ 
n %r9k f say+1 ',:5 m5 (  ! _w d by     
nature :atsoev] ?+s are hone/1 :atsoev] 
?+s  are lovely1 :atsoev] ?+s are ( good
 report1 ^!1 n be+  consci\s ( ! grace (
 ,god1 d by nature :at c only be done by
 8  grace4' ,:y %\ld we make !m out     
worse ?an !y are8 ,we mu/ cease  to     
speak evil ( !m ere !y w judge fairly ( 
! *>act]s (  religi\s m54 ,t1 ) s little
 recognition ( ,8 p]sonal relation  to  

!m1 ,god has n ca/ !m (f1 is a gr\nd (  
hope r ?an (  fe>1--( ?ankfulness1 n (  
regret4--,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #daf4           
,,footnotes3    #eh ,acts xviii4 #bd2   
xix4 #g4    #ei ,acts vii4 #dd-di4      
#fj ,acts viii4 #a4    #fa ,see         
especially ! ,notes on ,paley's ,hor    
,paul91 ,vol4 ,i4 pp4  #cdi1 #beb4 ,we  
subjo9 9 ?is connection a j & /rik+     
rem>k (  ,mr4 ,j[ett's4 ,9 inquiries (  
?is sort1 x is (t5 suppos$ t1 if  !     
evid5ce ( ! g5u95ess ( a s+le book (    
,scripture be  weak5$1 or ! cr$it ( a   
s+le *apt] %ak51 a deep &  irrep>able   
injury is inflict$ on ,*ri/ian tru?1 &  
may af=d a  re/ to ! m9d to consid] t1  
if b "o disc\rse ( ,*ri/1 "o  ,epi/le ( 
,paul1 _h come d[n to u1 /ill m ?an half
 w\ld h  be5 pres]v$4 ,col]idge has     
rem>k$1 t out ( a s+le play (           
,%akespe>e ! :ole ( ,engli% lit]ature   
might be re/or$4 ,mu*  m true is x t 9  
%ort portions or s+le v]ses ( ,scripture
  ! :ole _s ( ,*ri/ianity is conta9$4   
,vol4 ,i4 p4 #ceb4    #fb ,0 x 9 ref]5ce

 to ?is m]e family-title to a spiritual 
au?ority t ,paul says ( ! ,j]usalem     
,apo/les1 ,:atev] !y  71 x make? no     
matt] to me2 ,god accepte? no man's     
p]son8  7,gal4 iii4 #f47    #fc ,ap4    
,euseb4 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 ,,ii4 #bc4    #fd
 ,9 pro( ( an ess5tial unity ( tea*+1   
,mr4 ,j[ett quotes  ,paul z decl>+ t :at
 !y prea*$ aga9/ him 0 n  ano!r gospel1 
= !re 0 n1 c\ld n1 be ano!r4 7,i4       
#cdj47 ,b f> f be>+ ?is conciliatory    
turn1 :i* is out (  "* ) ! :ole context1
 ,gal4 i4 #f affirms t :at 8  oppon5ts h
 be5 prea*+ is 7#a47 ano!r gospel2 & yet
 7#b47  n ano!r gospel1 7n s good ev5 z 
t17 b m]e di/urbance  & p]v]sion1 !     
negation ( a gospel4    #fe ,comp>e also
 ,rom4 xiv4 #aj2 ,phil4 i4 #f2 #b ,tim4 
iv4 #a4 ,nay1 !  v passage 9 :i* he     
r5\nces ! kn[+ ( ,*ri/ accord+ to  !    
fle%1 conta9s ! doctr9e 7#b ,cor4 v4    
#aj74    #ff ,) a curi\s inconsi/5cy    
,mr4 ,/anley fixes at ! ,apo/le's       
conv]sion ! date aft] :i* he w\ld no    
long] "k ,*ri/  accord+ to ! fle%2 yet 9

 ! v next note decl>es1 t ?is  /ate (   
m9d mu/ be ref]r$ to a m rec5t p]iod ?an
 !  conv]sion4      1 f ! "t ( my       
conv]sion4 ,x is to be presum$  t ?is is
 also ,mr4 ,/anley's int]pretation ( !  
(  ! next clause1 :i* only repeats      
specifically ( ,*ri/ :at has  j be5 said
 univ]sally4         1 ev5 ?\gh ,i h    
kn[n2 grant+  t ,i h kn[n4 1 i4 e4  1   
h5ce=? we "k  him no long]4444 ,! words 
lead u to inf] t some?+ ( ?is k9d  _h   
once be5 prior1 surely1 to ! h5ce=? 8   
own /ate (  m9d1 n only 9 ! "t be=e 8   
conv]sion1 444 b s9ce6    ,h[ !n c !    
h5ce=? s]ve z ! t]m9us a quo1 if !  same
 /ate lies on bo? sides ( x8    #fg     
,j[ett1 ,,ii4 #adb4          ,,s93 ,,:at
 ,,x ,,is1 ,,:at ,,x ,,is ,,n4          
,n[ ! end ( ! comm&m5t is ,*>ity1 out ( 
a pure he>t1 &      ( a good consci5ce1 
& ( fai? unfeign$4--#a ,timo?y i4 #e4   
,! ,apo/le gives u "h a v simple =mula (
 ,*ri/ian p]fection4  ,he 0 n fond (    
long li/s ( ! virtues1 su* z ! moral    
philosoph]s draw up2 & ?\gh he does     

sometimes pass ?r\gh a  s]ies1 x is ) a 
peculi> result4 ,look at any book ^u    
human  e?ics1 & y are a/oni%$ at ! numb]
 ( qualities t g to  make up a good man3
 ! ramifications ( duty seem nev] to    
t]m9ate3  y sc>cely "k h[ a s\l l ours c
 hold s mu*3 ! fur!r !  au?or proce$s 9 
8 enum]ation1 ! less does he seem able  
to  /op1--8 divisions break+ into       
subdivisions1 & ! subdivisions  op5+ new
 v>ieties1--till life appe>s to pulv]ize
 itself "u 8  def9itions1 & become an   
inf9ite complexity ( moral detail4 ,/4  
,paul's enum]ations1 on ! contr>y1      
in/ead ( runn+ d[n into  multitude1 run 
up into unity2 ea* t]m is apt to be l>g]
 ?an its  pr$ecessor2 he seems impati5t 
( scatt]+ 8 exhortations1 z if  ea* _h a
 bus9ess ( its own1 & r =ces !m z he    
proce$s  into d5s] compression1 till he 
fl+s out "s t]m ( p[] t  holds !m all4  
,! graces ) him d n pres5t !mselves     
ap>t1  l g>d5 plants t may be t5d$ &    
wat]$ "o by "o2 b all on  ! same        
organism1 z ! leaves & ! blossoms ( a   

s+le %rub4 ,he  felt t 9 reality !      
virtues d n add !mselves up & subscribe 
to ! f9al result ( a holy s\l3 b ! "o   
simple s\l lives  itself out into !     
direction ( all ! virtues2 & !re is a   
c]ta9  mood1 a temp]1 a climate ( ! s\l1
 :i* gr[s ev]y?+ beautiful  at once1 &  
)\t :i*1 :ile "o adornm5t is elaborately
 nurs$1  ! re/ w be apt to droop & die4 
,?is bless$ & productive mood1  felt to 
be "o ?+1 ought to h "o "n3 & ! ,apo/le 
calls  x ,*>ity or ,love2 & pres5ts x   
sometimes z ! greate/ (  graces1        
sometimes z ! unity ( !m all4    ,b ?is 
simple grace is to h a triple s\rce4 ,9 
! mid/ ( !  g>d5 ( ! ,"l ! ,apo/le      
plants b a solit>y tree ( life1--8      
div9e & fruitful ,*>ity4 ,only x mu/ be 
nurs$ by ! ?reefold  root1 ( :i* %\ld   
any "p be want+1 ! beauty ( ! =m &  !   
heal+ ( ! leaves w soon be gone4 ,*>ity 
out ( a pure  he>t1--& a good           
consci5ce1--& fai? unfeign$4 ,! ,he>t1 !
  ,consci5ce1 ! ,fai?1 mu/ all be "r2 & 
x is no ,paul9e ,*>ity  t is n su/a9$ by

 concurr5ce ( !m all4 ,&1 obs]ve !      
ord]4 ,9 ! c5tre1 /rik+ its fibres      
deepe/ d[n into !  sub/ance ( our _w1 is
 ! ,consci5ce1 ! ,moral elem5t (  life2 
& on ei!r side1 held to _! due balance  
by its int]m$iate  p[]1 we f9d !        
,he>t1--! fre% human affections1--& !   
,fai?1--! heav5ly tru/ & aspirations1--(
 our nature4 ,t5d]ness  & pity on ! "o  
h&1 devotion & hope on ! o!r1 are to    
hold on  to ! s5se ( duty 9 ! mid/2 &   
!re only w a noble &  maje/ic ,love     
arise1 ca/+ no baneful %ade ^u ! e>?1 & 
9 its  bran*es giv+ no %elt] b to birds 
t s+ ! songs ( heav54 ,a  *>ity1 !re=e1 
t fl[s only f ! g5ial he>t1 t looks  )  
k9dly complac5cy on all ?+s & p]sons1 & 
) a sort (  animal sympa?y licks e sore 
( humanity t lies at its  gate2--?is is 
n ! end ( ! comm&m5t2--= x has 9 x no   
moral1 no religi\s elem5t3 x condemns   
no?+2 x wor%ips no?+3  its eye nei!r    
fla%es 9 rebuke1 nor lifts itself 9     
pray]3 x is  s5sitive to suff]+1 n to   
s93 &1 if x c b wipe out pa91  w d x ev5

 ^u guilty t]ms1 & *>m away a ,god-s5t  
remorse z  freely z x w\ld an angui% ( !
 innoc5t4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 a  *>ity t   
fl[s only f ! s9c]ity ( fai?1 & limits  
itself  to ! fell[%ip ( belief2 t feels 
p]haps = _m1 b only  ) a few2 ^: w>me/  
sympa?ies are little else ?an a         
p>tn]%ip ( antipa?ies2 t transf]s to !  
inf9ite ,god !  n>r[ness ( its own      
consecrat$ circle1 r$uces ! univ]se to a
  temple ( or?odoxy1 & turns ! ,heav5 ( 
,immortals into !  ,may-meet+ ( a       
sect2--?is also misses ! end ( !        
comm&m5t3  = x abuses ! true p[] (      
religion ov] life1 & fl+s 9 !  bran* (  
fai? only to embitt]1 in/ead ( sweet51 !
 wat]s (  natural affection2 x bl9ds &  
bewild]s ! moral disc]nm5t1  ov]looks   
und5iable nobl5ess1 & glorifies n a     
little meanness2  &1 apply+ its p]v]t$  
admiration to ! pa/ z well z !  pres5t1 
cr[ds ! /atue-gall]y ( hi/ory )         
ill-favor$ &  que/ionable sa9ts1 ^:     
features h s gr[n to ! m\ld &  pressure 
( a cre$1 t !y look l ca/s ( an ab/ract 

!ology1  m ?an emblems ( a liv+         
humanity4 ,take away ! wisdom (         
,consci5ce2 & ,*>ity1 surr5d]$ to m]e   
affection1 w fail to see  s9 :]e x is2  
or1 con/rict$ by ,fai?1 w suppose x :]e 
x  is n4 ,bo? errors w %ape !mselves    
into delib]ate doctr9es1  deviat+ on    
ei!r side f ! simple cre$ ( our moral   
nature &  ( ,*ri/4 ,let u look = a few  
mom5ts at ! c5tral tru? on ?is  matt]2 &
 !n glance f x at ! lat]al h]esies4     
,! c5tral tru? may be describ$ "u !     
phrase1 ,! ,p]sonal  nature ( s94 ,9    
affirm+ ?is1 ,i mean bo? t ea* man is a 
p]son1 & n a ?+2 & t 8 s9 is 8 own1 & n 
ano!r's4 ,if !re is any?+ )9 ! compass (
 heav5 & e>?  :i* we c be said to "k f  
ourselves1 & to h no ne$ t  ano!r %\ld  
tell u1 x is ! nature ( s94 ,!re is no  
arrogance1--!re is only sorr[ful        
confession1--9 prote/+ t  ?is is a matt]
 on :i* we _c be mi/ak54 ,x is ! ne>e/ (
  all ?+s to u2 ! %ad[ t foll[s u :]e we
 g1 & /ays  ) u :5 we sit2 ! cl++       
pres5ce t p5etrates ! v  folds ( our    

nature1 & is kn[n only f )91 :]e its    
fibres  /rike & draw _! nutrim5t4 ,no   
ext]nal obs]v]1 ?\gh he h  ! div9ation (
 a prophet or ! glance ( an ar*angel1 c 
add "o  iota to our insight into ?is sad
 fact1 unless by %>p5+ our  s5sibility  
to feel & int]pret x bett] = ourselves2 
or by any  te/imony1 any miracle1 take  
"o l9e away ( ! h&writ+ ( ,god  t burns 
& fla%es on ! inn] walls ( ! s\l4 ,"h at
 lea/ our  appreh5sions are fir/-h&2 &  
to tru/ !m1 to ca/ out z ,satan  :at    
tamp]s ) !m or contradicts !m1 is n     
scepticism1 b  fai?1--n infidelity1 b   
fai?fulness to ! ev]-liv+ ,^w ( ,god4   
,:at ! f+] ( ,heav5 has writt51 nei!r ! 
tape/ries ( anci5t  !ology nor ! v>ni% (
 ! newe/ philosophy c p]man5tly hide2  !
 light is alive1 & w eat ?r\gh1 cle>+   
its ev]la/+  w>n+ & consum+ our p]i%able
 "w4    ,:at !n does ?is fir/ & la/     
revelation decl>e human s9 to be8  ,9 ! 
mom5ts :5 we "k x be/1--:5 we cov] our  
face because we  c hide our             
transgression no m1--:5 we _c be> !     

placid  sil5ce ( ?+s1 & cry 9 our agony1
 ,smite u1 ,o ,"l1 b tell u  :at we h   
done1--does ,he n answ] u1 ,y h abus$   
y\r tru/2  ,i %[$ y a bett]1 & y h tak5 
! worse2 ,i drew y by a  secret rev]5ce 
to ! nobl]1 & y h sunk by incl9ation to 
!  bas]2 ,i gave y a w 9 ! image ( my   
own1 free to realize !  good1 & y h     
yield$ y\rself captive to ! evil2 !re=e 
h  y a burd5 n[ to be>1 t none c lift   
(f1--a burd5 :i* y  w feel x m fai?ful &
 :olesome to c>ry ?an to lose4 ,?is is  
surely ! tone 9 :i* ! voice ( ,god's    
,holy ,_s speaks to u  :5 we h griev$ x3
 & if we believe x n1 ,i "k n :i!r we   
%\ld g2 x is ! highe/ oracle ( tru? bel[
 ! skies1 hav+  au?ority m positive ev5 
?an ! eye t assures u ( ! sun  above u1 
& ! feet t tell u ( ! e>? b5ea?4        
,accord+ to ?is oracle1 !n1 ! ess5ce ( !
 s9 lies 9 !  consci\s free *oice ( !   
worse 9 pres5ce ( a bett] no less       
possible4 ,& to make u guilty 9 its     
commission ?ree conditions  are         
requir$2--7#a47 ,our m9d mu/ be solicit$

 by at lea/ two  compet+ prop5sities2   
7#b47 ,we mu/ be aw>e t ( ^! "o is      
wor?y & has a claim ^u u1 & ! o!r n2    
7#c47 ,x mu/ be  left to u to det]m9e   
ourselves to ei!r ( ^!1 & we mu/ n  be  
deliv]$ ov] by =eign causes to ! "o or  
to ! o!r4 ,take  away any ( ^!          
conditions1 & guilt becomes impossible4 
,if !  m9d has n ! option ( two         
prop5sities1 b is possess$ (  only "o1 t
 s+le impulse1 be+ its entire /ock &    
con/itut+  its only possibility1 af=ds  
no scope = good or ill1 & leaves !  be+ 
a m]e creature ( in/9ct4 ,or if1 :ile   
rival passions  /ruggle at 8 he>t1 he   
kn[s no diff]5ce among !m1 or only  ?is1
 t "s are pleasant] ?an o!rs1 !n also he
 is  blameless1 ?\gh he takes only :at  
he likes4 ,if1 f9ally1 :ile he  is drawn
 by conflict+ t5d5cies & taught to reg>d
 "s z 8  temptations1 & solemnly set 9 !
 mid/ to *oose1 ! :ole  appe>ance (     
option turns out a semblance & a        
pret5ce1 & !  matt] is long ago det]m9$ 
outside ( him & n[ only p]=ms !  c]emony

 ( pass+ ?r\gh him1--!n1 z be=e1 he is  
irreproa*able3 ! /rife )9 him is !      
illusion ( mimic  passions wre/l+ = a   
dream]'s s\l2 & :ile ! tragic agony     
goes on )91--a dance ( fi5ds1 a rescue (
 angels1--he is  /ret*$ all ! :ile      
sleep+ on ! b$ ( nature1 & _c wake  b to
 f9d remorse & responsibility a dream4  
,accord+ly1 :5ev] we want to make excuse
 = our wrong-do+1 !  false plea takes ! 
=m ( a d5ial ( "o ( ^! conditions4      
,blame me n1 we say1 = ,i knew ( no o!r 
c\rse2 or1 ,i did  n ?9k x signifi$ :i* 
,i did2 or1 ,i saw x all1 b ,i c\ld  n  
help x4 ,(t5 ! gnaw+s ( self-reproa* are
 felt ^u !  he>t at ! v in/ant t ^!     
excuses escape ! lips4 ,b  sometimes !y 
are ! sugge/ions ( s9c]e self-deception1
 &  proce$ f m5 :o are _! own dupes2 &  
:5ev] ?is is !  case1 ! s5se (          
responsibility is entirely dissipat$2   
remorse is  ext+ui%$2 ! confession (    
guilt is turn$ into compla9t ( a        
mis=tune2 & ! (f5d] consid]s himself r z
 ! injur$  ( nature ?an ! insurg5t aga9/

 ,god4 ,^! excuses !n mu/ be  :olly     
exclud$1 if ! sanctity ( ! moral life is
 to be pres]v$4  ,!y are ! v>i\s =ms "u 
:i* ! p]sonal nature ( s9 may  be d5i$4 
,!y all ass]t t ! p]son ei!r did n      
conta9  )9 him ! requisite conditions1  
or 0 hemm$ 9 by natural  prev5tives1 (  
true obligation4 ,:oev] (f]s u su* pleas
 is  ju/ly reg>d$ z self-condemn$1 &    
inde$ z pres5t+ a sadd]  spectacle 9 8  
def5ce ?an 9 8 transgression4 ,nor are  
!y  improv$ 9 _! "* :5 !y are exp&$ f   
excuses (  individuals into doctr9es (  
*ur*es2 = !y expla9 away !  ess5ce ( s91
 & leave u )\t intelligible fai? 9 any?+
  holy 9 heav5 or on e>?4 ,?us3--       
,:oev] ma9ta9s t ! human he>t is        
inv>iably wick$1 & c  ?9k no ?\ght &    
prompt no act1 except su* z are odi\s to
 ,god1  mi/akes ! :ole nature ( moral   
obligation1 & virtually excludes  x f ! 
entire sy/em ( ?+s4 ,confront ?is       
ass]tion ) !  facts ( life1 & ask :at x 
really means4 ,d y mean1 ,i w\ld say  to
 its def5d]1 t1 :5ev] two pr9ciples     

cont5d = ! ma/]y  9 a man's m9d1 he     
always ab&ons himself to ! l[]8--t no   
"o1 9 %ort1 0 ev] kn[n to resi/ a       
temptation8 ,su* a position  is surely  
too bold = ! p>adox ( cynicism itself1 9
 a _w  :]e !re are _m 9 want t d n /eal1
 & 9 suff]+ t  d n compla92 :]e a       
,p]icles c\ld adm9i/] ! rev5ues ( a     
/ate1 yet die )\t hav+ add$ to 8 little 
patrimony2 & a  ,socrates c\ld live pure
 amid corruption1 & tru?ful amid lies1 &
  die ! m>tyr ( inju/ice r ?an (f5d 8   
rev]5ce = law2  :]e n a s*ool nor a     
family c be f\nd t has n its annals  &  
anecdotes ( consci5ce4 ,y all[1 !re=e1 t
 victors !re  h be5 9 _m a temptation4  
,did x make !n no diff]5ce to !         
s5tim5ts ( ,god respect+ !m :e!r !y 7   
victors or  vanqui%$8 ,0 x neutral to   
him :e!r !y nobly held _! po/1  or      
basely betray$ x8 ,!n y simply d5y !    
hol9ess ( ,god2 =  y all[ ! greate/     
contra/s ( "* on e>?1 ) no  responsive  
feel+1 no v>iety ( e/imate1 9 heav52 &  
make our  human disc]nm5t1 our natural  

admirations1 m susceptible z moral      
b>omet]s ?an ! ,omnisci5t ,p]ception4   
,or w y say t1  al?\gh m5 diff] 9 moral 
ef=t1 & )/& temptation 9  v>i\s degrees1
 & ! ,inf9ite ,eye sees ?r\gh ! :ole    
hi/ory  ) un]r+ exactitude1 yet ! entire
 scale ( human "* lies  bel[ ! po9t (   
,div9e acceptabl5ess1 & 9 ! view (      
p]fect  purity is equival5t to m]e      
v>iety ( guilt8 ,!n d y d5y aga91  only 
) a *ange ( =m1 ! p]sonal nature ( s92 =
 y try  ! s\l by ! law ( ano!r nature1 &
 n h] own1--by a law  beyond h] k5 or   
beyond h] p[]2 & :ile %e is /riv+ to be 
fai?ful to h] be/ ?\ght aga9/ !         
s$uctions ( ! worse1--9  :i* alone !    
ess5ce ( all goodness dwells1--y tell h]
 t h]  ,god despises a conflict s f>    
d[n1 & t ?is p t  kn[e? n 8 law1 h[ev]  
true to _! own1 is curs$4 ,:at is  ?is b
 to make ,moral ,excell5ce some?+ q     
diff]5t 9 heav5  & on e>?8--n v]acity1 n
 ju/ice1 n purity ( ?\ght1 n            
self-sacrific+ love2 no?+ t "h makes our
 he>ts burn )9  u z we look at ! de>    

face ( long-tri$ fri5ds or sa9tly       
/rang]s1 or leav+ ! ,j]usalem ( ! noisy 
pres5t pace !  quiet road ( hi/ory1     
talk+ by ! way ) ! savi\rs ( nations  & 
! prophets ( a _w2--n ?is1 b "s hidd5   
*>m t  f9ds nei!r place nor answ] 9 our 
s\ls2 s t ! ,god :o loves  x leaves u   
h]e9 )\t a po9t ( sympa?y ) him1 or a   
possibility ( approa*4 ,9 t case1 he is 
a ,be+ )\t moral  p]fection2 =1 h[ev] y 
may apply to him a circle ( holy  names1
 ! ?+s y d5ote by !m are a set ( unkn[n 
quantities  be>+ no relation to our     
types ( ?\ght4 ,or1 f9ally1 d y  allege 
t ! di/9ctions ( "* are n entirely      
diff]5t  9 heav5 & on e>?2 only t ?r\gh 
all _! v>ieties 9 !  natural man !re is 
int]fus$ a c]ta9 inv>iable ta9t1 an     
irremovable t+e ( guilt1--a /a9 ( self1 
a ?\ght ( pride1  a want ( fai?8 ,ev5 7 
x s1 /ill1 if ?is be ! con/ant  color+ (
 ! s\l1 p]vad+ x by nature & n p]sonally
  incurr$1 x is b a sad condition "u :i*
 x is giv5 u to "w  out our problem1 & n
 any unfai?fulness 9 deal+ ) x z x      

comes3 x is an inh]5t incapacity1 :i*1  
h[ev] unlike ! beauty  ( ,god's hol9ess1
 he c no m reg>d ) p5al disapproval1 ?an
  he c hate ! de=m$ or p]secute ! bl9d4 
,aga91 :oev] tea*es t m5 are1 ?r\gh &   
?r\gh1 !  creatures ( circum/ance1 ) no 
m voice z to _! "*  ?an z to _! bir?1 b 
are ! pr$e/9$ products ( nature1  work+ 
p>tly )9 !m & p>tly )\t1--no less surely
 insults  all moral convictions1 & d5ies
 ! reality ( duty4 ,= he  aboli%es      
entirely ! di/9ction betwe5 a p]son & a 
?+2 &  conceives ( e man z a m]e gr[? or
 developm5t f !  physiology ( ! univ]se1
 no m responsible = 8 place 9 !  scale (
 excell5ce1 ?an ! plant :i*1 accord+ to 
its se$ &  soil1 becomes ! hyssop ( !   
wall1 ! lily ( ! field1 or !  /ately c$>
 ( ,lebanon4 ,all moral ideas vani%     
in/antly at !  t\* ( ?is doctr9e2 & !   
solemn language on :i* ,law &           
,consci5ce h /amp$ _! v5]able impress1 &
 rul$ among !  nations by ! grace (     
,god1 is defac$ 9 ! revolution>y m9t (  
fatalism1 & made curr5t ) !             

sup]scription ( a pret5d$  equality :]e 
all are l[1 & lib]ty :]e none is free4  
,x is  q cle>1 t1 if ! s\l has no       
orig9at+ causality1 b 9  e /ep %e takes 
is simply dispos$ ( & bespok5 by ag5cies
  provid$ & set 9 tra91 )\t any "q ask$ 
( h]1 %e c  h no duties1 %e c w9 no     
des]ts2 %e c incur no guilt1  m]it no   
puni%m5t2 %e is delud$ 9 h] remorse1 &  
suff]s a  va9 torture 9 e/eem+ h]self an
 ali5 f ,god4 ,all t  rema9s is ?is3 t  
by natural laws !re may be pa9          
consequ5t1  & kn[n to be consequ5t1 on  
"s ( ! directions :i* we may  take2 & x 
is at our p]il t we ent] on ^! pa?s4 ,b 
s is  x at our p]il if we g up 9 a      
balloon1 or put to sea 9 a small  boat  
to save a dr[n+ crew4 ,y c get no?+ out 
( ?is  consid]ation b m or less (       
,prud5ce2 hope ( happ9ess1 fe>  (       
suff]+1 c consecrate no?+ z a ,duty1 b  
only pres5t x  z int]e/2 & if a man     
*ooses to disreg>d 8 int]e/ & risk  !   
result1 ,i "k n :o1 9 heav5 or e>?1 c   
tell him )  au?ority t he has no "r to d

 x1 or c say m to him ?an  t he is a    
fool 9 8 folly4 ,:o on ^! t]ms c\ld ca/ 
himself1  9 te>s ( p5it5ce1 ^u ! bosom (
 ,inf9ite ,m]cy1 & sob out  8 pray] t he
 might be reconcil$ to ,god8 ,:o w\ld   
ev] tremble  b5ea? ! la% ( a fi]y       
reproa*1 & own1 z x quiv]$ ov]  him1 t  
!re 0 ju/ice 9 ! t]ror ( its look8 ,r   
mu/ !  s9n] feel himself ! victim ( a   
cruel doom2 :om x is z little  suitable 
to puni%1 z to *a/ise ! pati5t 9 fev]1  
or torture  ! cripple 9 ! /reet4 ,a     
doctr9e :i* r$uces duty to int]e/1      
retribution to discipl9e1 guilt to      
disease1 hol9ess to symmetry &  good    
heal?1 & ,god to ! neutral s\rce ( all  
?+s good &  ill2--:i* fright5s u ) fe>s 
we may defy1 b awes u ) no  au?ority we 
c rev]e2 :i* pities iniquity & smiles on
 goodness1  b only 9 ord] to patronize  
enjoym5t2--^: fai? 9 human nature  is a 
reliance on ! ultimate docility ( ! wild
 animal man2 &  ^: wor%ip ( ,god is     
tak51 l a morn+ walk1 = ! sake (        
ex]cise2--is s ali5 f ! :ole _s (       

religion1 & su* an  affront to ! fir/   
in/9cts ( consci5ce1 t x c only escape  
indignant condemnation by )draw+        
altoge!r into ! sph]e (  natural hi/ory1
 & quitt+ z a =eign prov9ce ! doma9--^: 
language x corrupts--( ,morals & (      
,fai?4    ,f9ally1 ^? :o tea* t guilt & 
m]it1 ) _! p5alties  & rew>ds1 c be     
transf]r$1 d5y 9 ! directe/ way !       
p]sonal nature ( ,s94 ,t m5 %\ld f9d a  
=eign rem$y =  _! p]petrat$ wick$ness1  
is n less %ock+ ?an t !y  %\ld trace x  
to a =eign s\rce4 ,if !y "k :at x is at 
all1  !y feel x to be inali5ably _! own2
 :i* none c\ld give !m  & :i* none c    
take away4 ,& no?+ is m amaz+ ?an t     
good ,*ri/ians1 :o seem truly ca/ d[n 9 
humiliation1 oppress$  ) ! s5se ( _!    
%ort-com+s1 p5etrat$ ) ! sadness (      
baffl$ aspiration1--& :o !re=e1 "o w\ld 
?9k1 mu/ really  h a consci\sness ( !   
p]sonality ( s91 & "k h[ x is  *>geable 
only on _! individual w1--c yet obta9   
relief by  fly+1 z x is said1 to !      
cross1 & p]suad+ !mselves t  ! evil has 

be5 /ay$ & cur$ by transactions :olly   
outside  !mselves1 & belong+ to ! hi/ory
 ( ano!r be+4 ,:at c  possibly be meant 
by ! /atem5t t ,*ri/ has borne !        
puni%m5t1 "s eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 ( 
y\r s9s &  m9e1--( p non-exi/5t !n1 &   
!re=e non-s9ful8 ,c !  puni%m5t prec$e !
 s98 ,c x be inflict$ & gone ?r\gh  be=e
 x is ev5 det]m9$ :e!r ! s9 w be        
p]petrat$ at  all8 ,or c m]ely pot5tial 
s91 :i* may nev] become actual1 be      
dealt ) at ages di/ant1 & its acc\nts be
 settl$ ere x arise8  ,if s1 :at is !   
dea? ( ,*ri/ b ! provisory accumulation 
( a  fund be=eh&1 ready to be drawn ^u z
 ! ev]la/+ treasure  ( ! ,*ur*1 = ! free
 dis*>ge ( guilty debts & ! release  (  
div9e obligations8 ,& 9 :at respect does
 ?is diff] f !  ,roman ,ca?olic         
doctr9e1--except t ! treasure is at !   
discretion ( no *>t]$ sac]dotal company1
 b is op5 on m  popul> & loos] t]ms8    
,moral relations1 by _! v nature1       
exclude all vic>i\s ag5cy2  y _c fall1 y
 _c recov]1 by deputy3 ! ill t haunts  y

 is ! insult y h put on ! div9e _s 9 y\r
 he>t1 &  x is z if y 7 alone ) ,god4   
,an int]pos+ m$ium c z  little div]t !  
retribution1 z x c int]cept ! complac5cy
 (  ! ,inf9ite & ,holy ,m9d4 ,:at m     
fe>ful *>ge c\ld y br+  aga9/ any       
gov]nm5t1 ?an to say t its p5alties may 
be b\ght  (f8 ,a judge :o accepts !     
volunt>y suff]+s ( innoc5ce 9           
acquittance ( ! liabilities ( guilt1    
%ocks e s5tim5t (  ju/ice1 & does t :i* 
! wor/ judicial caprice w\ld nev]  d>e  
to imitate4 ,a law t does n c>e :e!r !  
"r p]sons  feel its retribution1 provid$
 x gets an equival5t suff]+  else:]e1 is
 an affront to ! mo/ elem5t>y notions ( 
"r4 ,&  an (f5d] :o c welcome 8 escape  
by su* device1 p]mits 8  moral          
p]ceptions to be bl9d$ by p]sonal       
gratitude1 & is cont5t  to pr(it by a   
transaction :i* x w\ld fill him )       
remorse to  repeat ^u 8 own *ildr54     
,a ,m$iator may d mu* inde$ to reconcile
 my ali5at$ m9d to ,god4  ,he may       
p]sonally rise be=e me ) a purity &     

greatness s unique  z to give me fai? 9 
div9] ?+s ?an ,i _h kn[n be=e1 & by  8  
high] image turn my eye t[>ds ! ,highe/ 
( all4 ,he may %[  me h[1 9 ! sublime/  
natures1 sanctity & t5d]ness ev] bl5d1  
& s t\* ! spr+s ( inw>d rev]5ce t1 9 my 
return+  sympa?y ) goodness1 all abject 
& det]r+ fe>s are swept away4  ,he may  
direct ^u me1 f ! hall ( trial or !     
cross (  self-sacrifice1 ! lov+ look t  
pro/rates ! impulses (  passion & ! p[] 
( self1 & awak5s ! rep5tant en?usiasm ( 
nobl] affections4 ,he may r5ew my       
future2 b he _c *ange my  pa/4 ,he may  
spr9kle my imm$iate s\l ) ! wave (      
reg5]ation2  b he _c dr[n ! de$s t are  
gone4 ,f pres5t s9fulness  he may recov]
 me2 b ! p]petrat$ s9s--?\gh he be ,god 
himself 9 p[]1 unless he be o!r ?an ,god
 9 hol9ess--he _c  r$eem4 ,^! h become  
realiz$ facts2 & none c cut (f !  entail
 ( _! consequ5ces3 :atev] ! ,div9e ,law 
has av[$ly  annex$ to !m w develop      
itself f !m ) infallible  c]ta9ty4 ,!   
outw>d suff]+s by :i* ,god has /amp$    

into !  nature ( ?+s 8 disapprobation ( 
s91 & made x griev\s "h  & h]eaft]1 /&  
irrevocably fa/1 cl++ to guilt z %ad[ to
  body1 z effect to cause4 ,?is debt (  
natural p5alty is "o :i*  mu/ be paid to
 ! utmo/ f>?+2 by p5it5t & imp5it5t1 by 
! reconcil$ & ! unreconcil$ alike3      
miracle _c cancel1 nor  m$iator dis*>ge 
x4 ,9 ?is s5se1--( rescue f ! p5al laws 
( ,god1--,i "k ( no remission ( s9s2 nor
 w\ld ,*ri/ians h  reta9$ s hea!ni% a   
notion1 _h !y n frightfully exagg]at$1  
9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! retributions ( ,god 
by mak+ !m an  et]nal v5geance2 & s     
creat$ a necessity = aga9 resc9d+  !    
fi]ce enactm5ts ( _! fancy1 t hope &    
return might n  be q %ut out4 ,x is only
 9 man1 h[ev]1 & n 9 ,god1 ?us to  d &  
undo4 ,8 ^w1 :e!r ( w>n+ or ( promise1  
is ,yea &  ,am52 & 8 great realities w  
m>* s]5ely on1 &1 he$less (  our        
passionate deprecations & fictiti\s     
triumphs1 rebuke our  unbelief ( _!     
v]acity4    ,b :ile ! pa/ c nev] be z   
?\gh x 7 n1 ! pres5t may  lie 9 ! %elt] 

( reconciliation1 & ! future 9 ! light (
  b\ndless hope4 ,! out] burd5 we h     
incurr$ we may /ill h to  be>2 b once   
br\ght by ,div9e conv]sion to an inn]   
sympa?y )  ,god1 & see+ by 8 light r ?an
 our own1 we c suff] our  w\nds ) a     
pati5t %ame1 & sc>cely feel _! angui% m4
 ,!  av]t$ face ( ! ,inf9ite has turn$  
r\nd ^u u aga92 & !  pure eyes look into
 u ) a mild & lov+ gaze1 :i* we c meet  
) answ]+ glance1 & feel t we are at "o )
 ! univ]se  & reconcil$ ) ,god4         
,,peace ,,9 ,,division3 ,,! ,,duties ,,(
 ,,*ri/ians ,,9 ,,an ,,age ,,(          
,,controv]sy4        ,suppose ye t ,i am
 come to give peace on e>?8 ,i tell y1  
nay1 b r division4--,luke xii4 #ea4     
,su* 0 ! acc\nt :i* ! ,savi\r himself   
gave ( a religion ^:  promise 0 hail$ by
 angels z an occasion1 n only ( glory to
 ,god  9 ! highe/1 b ( peace on e>?1 &  
good-w to m54 ,!  contradiction betwe5 !
 two passages is s obvi\sly m]ely ( a   
v]bal nature1 t x c p]plex only ! bl9d  
int]pret] :o  p5etrates no fur!r ?an !  

lett] ( ! sacr$ volume4 ,i %\ld  only be
 giv+ utt]ance to y\r own spontane\s    
reflections1 my  fri5ds1 7 ,i to tell y 
t my text speaks1 n ( ! design1 b  ( !  
consequ5ce1 ( ! dissem9ation ( !        
,gospel2 & t x  indicates no m ?an a    
prophetic k on ! "p ( ,*ri/ (  !        
div]sities ( s5tim5t & feel+ :i* w\ld   
spr+ f !  diffusion ( 8 religion4 ,?is  
prophetic k1 h[ev]1 x does  cle>ly      
indicate2 & ?is is a fact ( no mean     
importance4 ,!  unbeliev] objects to    
,*ri/ianity1 & ! ,roman ,ca?olic to     
,prote/antism1 ! endless catalogue (    
discordant op9ions :i* h  result$ f _!  
preval5ce2 & to bo? we are furni%$ ) "o 
reply4 ,?is inf9ite div]sity indicates  
no failure 9 our sy/em2 x is  n an      
unexpect$ effect :i* />tles & al>ms u2 x
 0 =ese5  by ! ,au?or ( our religion1 & 
ann\nc$ by him z ! necess>y  consequ5ce 
( ! g5u9e prea*+ ( 8 ,apo/les4 ,& ?\gh  
he _h  ?is evil 7if su* x be7 full 9    
view1 he did n retreat f !  (fice he _h 
assum$1 nor feel x at v>iance ) 8 deep &

 t5d]  philan?ropy1 to implant among    
mank9d a fai? t %\ld break up  _! unit$ 
mass into a ?\s& repulsive gr\ps4    ,he
 mu/ !n h kn[n t 8 ,gospel w\ld c>ry ) x
 bless+s  :i* ?is seem+ disadvantage    
w\ld n cancel1--bless+s f>  surpass+ !  
evils ( division1--a peace :i* no j>r+s 
(  controv]sy c\ld di/urb1--a good-w t  
c\ld triumph ov] !  ali5ations ( p>ty4  
,7 x my object1 x w\ld be easy to %[ t  
! di/ribution ( ! ,*ri/ian _w into sects
 has a*iev$  incalculably m good ?an x  
has inflict$ injury2 t ! rude/          
conflicts ( a militant !ology are       
pref]able to ! holl[ peace (  univ]sal  
?raldom2 t ! fluctuat+ surface ( human  
op9ion1  ) all its re/less lights1 is a 
fair] object ?an its d>k &  lead5       
/agnation2 t discussion multiplies !    
*ances ( tru?1  diffuses ! ?ir/ = k1    
leads =? reason f ! mi/1  conv]ts       
prejudice into conviction1 & gives to a 
dead fai? a moral  & op]ative p[]4 ,x   
w\ld be easy to %[ t our religion1      
especially s9ce x has issu$ f ! cloi/]  

into ! light (  day1 has accompli%$ a   
va/ am\nt ( good1 ) :i* no controv]sy   
has be5 able to int]f]e2 t x has imp>t$ 
nobl] s5tim5ts (  duty1 giv5 to         
consci5ce a m maje/ic voice1 rais$ !    
depress$  portions ( society2 t x has   
enabl$ moral ref9em5t to keep pace  ) ! 
intellectual advancem5t ( mank9d2 t x   
has giv5  mode/y to ! sublime/ ex]cise (
 reason1 by erect+ t[]+ &  et]nal tru?s 
beyond ^: %ad[ reason _c fly4 ,x w\ld be
 easy  to anticipate ! "t :5 ! b5ign    
pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity  %all mell[ d[n 
! rugg$ness ( p>ty feel+1 & extract !   
l+]+ selfi%ness t poisons discussion )  
its bitt]ness2  :5 ! unre/rict$ &       
dis9t]e/$ love ( tru? %all no long]  be 
an empty fiction2 :5 ! diff]5ces betwe5 
m9d & m9d w  be b s _m conv]g+ pa?s by  
:i* mank9d1 ) "o he>t &  "o spe$1 ha/5  
to ! same goal ( c]ta9ty4 ,b x is n my  
object to insi/ on ! advantages (       
controv]sy1 or to pr$ict its  future    
triumphs2 b r to w>n aga9/ "s ( its     
dang]s1 &  to sugge/ a few ?\ghts :i*   

may ?r[ light on ! duties (  ,*ri/ians 9
 an age s controv]sial z ours4 ,to me1  
reflect+ on  ! pr9ciples ( !            
,association at ^: anniv]s>y ,i speak1  
no  topic seems m appropriate4 ,our gr& 
unit+ pr9ciple is1 !  rejection ( all   
cre$s & human =mul>ies ( fai?1 & a      
simple  adh]5ce to ! sacr$ volume1 z be+
 able1 )\t comm5t or  int]pretation1 to 
make wise unto salvation4 ,we ?9k       
confessions  en\gh h be5 tri$1 & be5    
f\nd want+2 t e su*  attempt to produce 
uni=mity is utt]ly *im]ical1 & an       
impot5t  rebellion aga9/ ! laws ( !     
human m9d4 ,believ+ !n t  unanimity is  
"o ( ! weake/ dreams ( ! vision>y & !   
fanatic1 we expect to see div]sity (    
s5tim5t among ,*ri/ians2 we  _c be      
surpris$1 & ought n to be displeas$1 to 
see !  religi\s _w full ( ! activity (  
discussion4 ,b s9ce we agree  to ab&on  
mank9d to _! div]g5cies ( op9ion1 x is  
peculi>ly  incumb5t on u to consid] :at 
new moral aspect society assumes1  :5   
di/ribut$ into diff]+ d5om9ations1 & :at

 new duties  arise 9 an age ( doctr9al  
debate4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,i4 ,x is ! duty (       
,*ri/ians to rememb] h[ _m are _! po9ts 
( union4    ,is our religion1 my fri5ds1
 a matt] ( ! intellect only1--a m]e  m9e
 ( inexhau/ible speculation8 ,i grant t 
x is 9 p]fect  unison ) ! dictates (    
enlight5$ reason1 & t x  adm9i/]s !     
noble/ /imulus & wor?ie/ employm5t to ! 
faculties ( ! m9d4 ,b are n its ultimate
 deal+s ) !  affections8 ,does x n      
pres5t to u new objects ( love1 new     
sc5es  ( hope1 a new sy/em ( desires8   
,does x n unlock ! spr+s (  human feel+1
 & p\r ! full tide ( emotion ^u ! s\l8  
,:at  else c s melt 9 p5it5ce1 s        
solemnize ) awe1 s pro/rate 9  fe>1 s   
enk9dle ) joy8 ,:at else c imp>t su*    
maje/ic p[]  to human w to trample 9 !  
du/ p]il & angui% &  temptation1 to     
conqu] ! solicitations ( self-love1 &   
pursue )  meek inflexibility des]t$ &   
solit>y ways ( duty8 ,= !  greate/      
triumphs ( our fai? we mu/ g :]e x is   

mat*$ ) !  passions ( ! he>t1 ! impulses
 ( unregulat$ nature1 & see h[  x prunes
 _! exub]ance1 enri*es _! /]ility1      
purifies _!  pollutions1 exp&s _!       
littl5ess1 ref9es _! rugg$ness4 ,n[  ^! 
influ5ces are common to e =m (          
,*ri/ianity2 its appeals  to !          
affections are n utt]$ 9 ! vocabul>y (  
sect>ianism1  b 9 ! univ]sal language ( 
! human he>t4 ,"s may pref] to  deck !  
=m ( our religion 9 ! gorge\s colors (  
an impos+  ritual2 "s may ?r[ r\nd x !  
ample folds ( my/]y2 o!rs may  love r ! 
grace ( its primitive simplicity2 b     
b5ea? all  ^! v>ieties ! same liv+      
figure brea!s1 ! same radiant  features 
smile4 ,:]e is ! sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity t  
does n  pres5t to our affections an     
,inf9ite ,be+1 :o has %ad[$ =?  8       
invisible glories 9 ! spl5dors ( !      
univ]se1 :o rolls !  sil5t :eels ( "t1  
^: pres5ce1 felt 9 o!r worlds1 is       
secretly %$ ar\nd ea* human home1 :o    
traces ! te> ( grief &  lights up !     
smile ( peace1 :o has an eye on e he>t1 

&  c>ries on 8 p>5tal discipl9e 9 sc5es 
beyond our vision &  )\t an end8 ,:]e is
 ! sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity :i* does n  lead 
u to ! ,savi\r z ! image ( ! invisible  
,god1 z !  bright reflection ( 8 "*1 & !
 noble/ assurance ( 8  love1--:i* does n
 trace to ,jesus innum]able moral       
bless+s1 &  call u to rev]5ce him =     
guidance amid ! intricacies ( duty1  =  
light 9 ! *amb] ( grief1 = p[] (        
endurance amid !  /ruggles ( suff]+     
nature1 & prospects ( attractive gr&eur 
beyond ! grave8 ,:]e is ! sy/em (       
,*ri/ianity :i* does n  ca/ ^u ?is /ate 
! %ad[ ( an et]nal tribunal1--:i* does  
n associate ) s9 ! horrors ( ! out]     
d>kness1 & imp>t  an inf9ite value to e 
pure t5d5cy ( ! s\l1 by invit+  virtue  
to a nev]-end+ progression replete )    
ineffable joy8 ,:at  ,*ri/ian has n     
en%r9$ 9 8 memory & 8 admiration ! mo/  
beautiful & t\*+ portions ( ! volume (  
our fai?8 ,is !re  a ,*ri/ian p>5t t c  
read ! invitation ( ! b5evol5t  ,jesus1 
,suff] little *ildr5 to come unto me1 & 

=bid !m n1  )\t a he>t ( love to !      
,heav5ly ,tea*]1 )\t a purifi$          
conception ( t k+dom :i* infant9e       
docility alone c ent]1  )\t an uplift+ (
 pray] t no rude _w may ev] bru% f  !   
m9d ( 8 *ild ! morn+ dews ( 8 innoc5ce8 
,is !re a  ,*ri/ian si/] t has n bless$ 
! ,div9e ,tea*]1 :o1 himself  t\*$ by ! 
sorr[s t he quell$1 re/or$ ! lo/ ,laz>us
 to  8 weep+ & def5celess home8 ,is !re 
a ,*ri/ian "m :o has  n l+]$ ) ! b]eav$ 
,m>y ar\nd ! cross1 wond]$ at h]  awful 
sorr[s1 & ?\ght h[ 9 ! wat*es ( ! night 
memory  w\ld br+ back ^u h] e> t la/    
appeal1 ,woman1 behold ?y  son8 ,! te>s 
:i* fl[ at passages l ^!1 ! admiration )
  :i* !y burd5 ! he>t1 ! images ( moral 
lovel9ess ) :i*  !y fill ! imag9ation1  
are n ! exclusive possession ( any      
sect2 !y are ! unre/rict$ boon ( ,god to
 ! human s\l4 ,9  private1 !n1 we all   
pond] ! same book1 ga!r f x ! same      
refre%+ influ5ce1 ! same impressions (  
duty1 ! same impulses  to pray]4 ,& on  
our ,*ri/ian ,sabba?1 :ile we tread !   

?re%old  ( diff]+ temples1 are !y n all 
d$icat$ to ,him :o dwelle?  n 9 temples 
made ) h&s1 & reg>de? n _! trivial      
di/9ctions8 ,:ile ! wor%ipp+ multitudes 
utt] a v>i\s  language & ill-h>moniz+   
?\ghts1 are !y n address+ a ,be+  to :om
 language is b a brea?1 & human ?\ght b 
l an  infant's dream1 & :o looks only to
 t he>t ( love t animates  !m bo?8 ,x is
 an exhil>at+ ?\ght1 t ?\gh on t sacr$  
day ,*ri/ians may be sep>at$ by l& &    
seas1 ga!r$ ar\nd  myriads ( sanctu>ies1
 & speak+ 9 a ?\s& tongues1 _!  praises 
bl5d l k9dr$ fires z !y rise1 & bur/    
into !  c\rts ( ,god1 "o brilliant flame
 ( inc5se f ! univ]sal  %r9e ( ! human  
he>t4    ,^!1 my fell[-,*ri/ians1 are   
?\ghts :i* we %\ld *]i%1 to  conv9ce u  
h[ mu*1 amid all our div]sities1 we h 9 
common2 to  %[ u t ! be/1 ! liv+ portion
 ( our fai?1 is o!rs' z  well z our own2
 & to s(t5 ^? /range animosities t      
embitt]  our weak temp]s1 & enfeeble !  
heav5ly ties t encircle !  :ole family (
 ,god4 ,if !re be any tru? 9 ! rem>k ( a

  philosoph]1 t ! ess5ce ( fri5d%ip is  
to h ! same  desires & av]sions1 h[ mu* 
gr\nd h all ,*ri/ians = mutual  love6   
,widely z _! speculations may div]ge1 ! 
great conc]n (  all is ) ,god1 !        
,inf9ite ,fa!r2 ) ,*ri/1 ! commission$  
prophet1 ! m]ciful r$eem]1 ! inspir$    
tea*]1 ! p]fect  model1 ! heav5ly guide2
 ) et]nity1 ! seat ( our deepe/ &  mo/  
p]man5t int]e/s1 ! receptacle ( our lo/ 
fri5ds1 !  grave ( virtu\s sorr[1 ! home
 ( ! toss$ & fai?ful _s4  ,no "o c live 
habitually "u ! influ5ce ( ^! gr& &     
affect+ objects1 & turn f !m to         
condesc5d to ! littl5ess  ( a polemical 
temp]4 ,!y w imp>t _! own greatness to 8
  s\l1 & give him t be/ ( p[]s1--! p[]  
ov] himself4 ,su*  a "o may use ! p5 (  
controv]sy )\t fe>4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,,ii4  
,b ,i confess t ! contemplation ( ^!    
po9ts ( union  w\ld imp>t little peace  
to our m9ds1 or s]5ity to our temp]s1 if
  at ! same "t we believ$ t ! diff]5ces 
( our fai? w\ld  foll[ u into ! et]nal  

future1 & det]m9e our condition !re4  ,i
 !re=e obs]ve1 9 ! second place1 t1 amid
 all our  controv]sies1 x is ( mom5t t  
we %\ld rememb] ! moral  innoc5ce (     
m5tal error4 ,?is pr9ciple1 my fri5ds1  
seems to me to  be intimately connect$ )
 our "r ( private judgm5t4 ,we might    
claim = m5 ! privilege ( free           
inve/igation1 & affix no  temporal      
rew>ds or puni%m5ts to any sy/em2 yet   
?is w\ld be b a  wor?less boon1 if we   
upheld ov] any cre$ ! p5al m5ace (      
et]nity4 ,we %\ld ?us only transf] !    
bribe f m5's int]e/s  to _! fe>s2 we    
%\ld pu% our exclusion f e>?1 only to   
give  x a va/] !atre 9 heav54 ,z _m     
,*ri/ians1 n o!rwise  dispos$ to be n>r[
 9 _! _s1 h "s l+]+ d\bts  respect+ ?is 
prim>y pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian *>ity1 suff] 
me to  say a few words ) a view to      
e/abli% ! p]fect innoc5ce (  m5tal      
error4 ,! exclusioni/ re/s ! burd5 ( 8  
argum5t on "o  text1 :i*1 unhappily =   
,*ri/ian love1 has be5 left some:at     
elliptical 9 its expression4 ,he t      

believe? & is baptiz$1  %all be sav$2 he
 t believe? n1 %all be damn$4 ,believe? 
:at8 ,transub/antiation1 says !         
,ca?olic2 miracul\s conv]sion1  says !  
,wesleyan2 ! vic>i\s atonem5t1 replies !
 ,calv9i/2 !  ,tr9ity1 says ! ,a?anasian
 ,cre$4 ,e "o has an ana!ma = !  oppon5t
 ( 8 favorite t5et2 & ! /ill1 small     
voice ( *>ity  is swept away by !       
conflict+ w9ds ( controv]sy1 & dies     
unhe>d4 ,let u see :e!r our ,heav5ly    
,fa!r w n p]mit u to  op5 ^? gates (    
m]cy :i* o!rs h s /]nly clos$4    ,x is 
n necess>y = our pres5t purpose to      
inquire :at are !  salvation &          
condemnation ( :i* ! passage 9 "q       
speaks4 ,x  may be conc$$ )\t injury to 
our argum5t1 t !y h  ref]5ce to !       
de/9ies ( a future _w4 ,e read] (       
,scripture w ackn[l$ge t ! unbelief :i* 
our ,savi\r  m5aces1 is unbelief 9 8    
,gospel1 z prea*$ by 8 ,apo/les1 &      
confirm$ by visible miracles2--x is a   
rejection ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,f ?is x w\ld 
seem cle>1 t no =m "u :i* ! religion  ( 

,*ri/ is pr(ess$1 h[ev] errone\s x may  
be1 c be compris$  )9 ! s5t5ce (        
condemnation4 ,b ! argum5t ( !          
exclusioni/ is ?is3--,my own sy/em is1 9
 my view1 ! only "o t  is id5tical ) !  
,gospel2 !re=e ,i mu/ believe t ^? :o   
reject my sy/em are expos$ to ! p5alties
 annex$ to ! rejection  ( ! ,gospel4 ,x 
is surpris+ t s _m %\ld fail to detect !
  fallacy ( ?is reason+4 ,comp>e ! case 
:i* our ,savi\r is  suppos+ ) t ( ! man 
:o1 9 pref]r+ "o pr(ession (            
,*ri/ianity1 rejects all o!rs2 & y w f9d
 t !re are two  mo/ mom5t\s po9ts (     
di/9ction1--! motive ( ! reject] is     
diff]5t1 & ! ?+ reject$ is diff]5t4     
,:at c be m obvi\s1 ?an t our ,savi\r   
ref]s to ! he>]'s  int5tional rejection 
( ! ,gospel1--a rejection ( 8 own       
,*ri/ianity1 n ( 8 neighbor's4 ,:5      
puni%m5t is held =? z  ! consequ5ce (   
any act1 is x n always impli$ t ! act   
mu/  be int5tional8 ,is x n an und]/ood 
pr9ciple ( e law1 human  & div9e1 t a   
de$ ( accid5t & inadv]t5ce is exempt$ f 

! p5alties :i*1 7 x design$1 x w\ld     
des]ve8 ,to condemn  = murd] ! man :o   
?r\gh mi/ake %\ld adm9i/] a poison\s    
draught = a re/orative1 w\ld be z j z to
 put ! err+  believ] & ! wilful         
unbeliev] on ! same level4 ,to *>ge ?is 
enorm\s immorality on ,god1 w\ld be !   
height ( impiety4 ,widely z  ! pr(ess+  
,*ri/ian may err1 remote z 8 fai? may be
 f !  tru? z x is 9 ,jesus1 8 int5t is  
to believe2 he yields 8  ass5t1 no less 
he>tily ?an 8 wis] bro!r1 to ! evid5ce  
:i*  ,god has plac$ be=e him2 he only   
mi/akes :at x is :i* t  evid5ce proves2 
he rev]5ces1 no less ?an o!rs1 !        
au?ority  :i* ,jesus claims2 b he does n
 disc]n all ! tru?s :i* t  au?ority     
e/abli%es4 ,/range w\ld x be1 bre?r51 if
 ,god1 :o 9  all o!r cases looke? at !  
he>t1 %\ld 9 ?is look at !  und]/&+     
only4    ,b p]haps x w be urg$ t ! same 
p]v]sion ( m9d :i*  ,jesus condemns is  
display$ by ! mod]n inquir]1 :o does n  
disc]n 9 ! ,gospel ! great ess5tials (  
,*ri/ianity2 t 8  disbelief 9 !m1 9     

%ort1 is n :olly involunt>y4 ,a few     
words to  ?is objection4    ,i admit t  
fai? is a comp\nd result ( ! w & !      
und]/&+2 connect$ inde$ mo/ obvi\sly ) !
 latt]1 b  det]m9$ m remotely by causes 
hav+ _! seat 9 ! =m]4 ,9  ! process (   
inve/igation1 ! la/ /ep1 ( weigh+       
argum5ts &  mak+ up ! m9d1 is und\bt$ly 
involunt>y4 ,:5 ! evid5ce is  once plac$
 be=e ! inquir]1 no en]gy ( w c repel ! 
conclusion :i* is =c$ ^u ! judgm5t4 ,:51
 h[ev]1 we  p]ceive t ! v same reason+  
produces diff]5t results on  diff]5t    
p]sons1 t "o man is =cibly impress$ by  
an argum5t  :i* to ano!r appe>s weak &  
wor?less1 x becomes necess>y to  acc\nt 
= ^! v>ieties 9 ! effects ( evid5ce4 ,& 
!re c  be no d\bt t ! p]ception ( tru?  
is v mat]ially influ5c$  by ! moral     
condition ( ! m9d4 ,h[ p[]ful are !     
argum5ts 9  favor ( ! ,gospel d]iv$ f ! 
moral beauty & symmetry ( !  sy/em1 f ! 
orig9ality & l(t9ess ( our ,savi\r's "*1
  f ! adaptation ( 8 religion to ! wants
 ( ! human m9d  "u all its c\ntless     

v>ieties6 ,& yet ?is species ( evid5ce  
w be :olly )\t effect on ^? ^: m9ds are 
de/itute (  moral s5sibility & ref9em5t4
 ,moreov]1 x is notori\s t !  sangu9e   
are always apt to believe :at !y hope1 !
 timid :at !y  fe>2 & ! hopes & fe>s (  
consci5ce w ex]t ?is influ5ce  on belief
 no less ?an any o!r4 ,prejudice :i*    
might be conqu]$1  indol5ce :i* ought to
 be %ak5 (f1 passions :i* bl9d &        
corrupt ! judgm5t1 uneasy consci5ce :i* 
ali5ates ! desires  f ,god1 all ^! may  
ex]cise a p[]ful moral sway ov] ! fai?2 
& = ! influ5ce ( ^! e man is c]ta9ly    
acc\ntable4    ,b at ! same "t !re is no
 reason to d\bt t ,god has creat$  u )  
intellectual diff]5ces :i* are :olly    
involunt>y1 &  :i* mu/ t5d to fix !     
det]m9ations ( ! judgm5t4 ,!re are  "s  
m5 :o1 f _! e>lie/ ye>s1 seem incapable 
( admitt+ a  tru? )\t d\ble ! evid5ce ) 
:i* o!rs w\ld be  satisfi$4 ,:o !n among
 u is to det]m9e :at m9d is mo/         
correctly /rung8 ,is ! man :o admits a  
proposition on "o degree (  evid5ce to  

condemn 8 bro!r :o requires two8 ,& is x
 cr$ible  t ,god w accept ( none b him  
:om he has himself plac$ at !  only true
 po9t 9 ! gradation8 ,impossible6 ,z    
well might we say  t 8 heav5 is clos$   
aga9/ ! insane or ! de=m$4    ,x appe>s 
!n1 my fri5ds1 t belief fl[s f causes   
p>tly  moral1 p>tly intellectual4 ,b c  
any human eye1 ,i ask1 disc]n 9  :at    
proportion !y are m+l$ 9 any "o's fai?8 
,d>e y say (  y\r diff]+ bro!r1 t he    
diff]s f a prevail+ depravity (  he>t1 &
 n f con/itutional causes8 ,if n1 !n is 
!re no  human tribunal to :i* op9ion may
 be call$4 ,we are n =bidd5 to  love any
 fell[-creature1 h[ev] remote 8 views f 
ours4 ,z we  are unable to discov] h[ f>
 div]sities ( s5tim5t fl[ f !  w1 we are
 b\nd to treat !m all z if !y 7 entirely
  involunt>y1 & to leave to ! ,se>*] (  
he>ts ! aw>d (  approbation or          
displeasure4    ,aga91 ! fai? reject$ 9 
! case :i* our ,"l condemns1 is n  !    
same t is r5\nc$ by ! err+ ,*ri/ian4    
,:at is !  ,*ri/ianity1 ! disbelief (   

:i* is pron\nc$ by ,jesus to be s       
dang]\s8 ,is x ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,lu!r1 ( 
,calv91 ( ,arius1 (  ,wesley8 ,no1 b !  
,*ri/ianity ( ! ,apo/les1 :i* !y 7 to   
prea* to e creature4 ,n[ 9 ?is all      
pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians  believe2 & f x !y    
d]ive ^? views :i*1 :5 once sev]$  f _! 
orig9 & ent]+ ! prov9ce ( human reason1 
s  rapidly div]ge f ea* o!r4 ,x is 9 va9
 to urge t all  ^! sy/ems1 contradictory
 z !y are1 _c co9cide )  revelation2 & t
 !re mu/1 !re=e1 be "s t d n  con/itute 
,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,gospel itself1 consid]$
 z a  revelation1 be>s ! same relation  
to all ! rival cre$s ^:  cr$it hangs on 
its au?ority2 l ! beam ( ! balance1 :i* 
det]m9es ! scale nei!r way4 ,let me n be
 mi/ak51 my fri5ds4  ,i mean n to say t 
all sy/ems ( ,*ri/ian fai? are equally  
true1 or equally accordant ) ! sacr$    
writ+s2 b t _!  relative tru? is        
undet]m9$ by ! au?ority ( revelation1 & 
dep5d5t on ! correctness ( ! reason+ by 
:i* !y are  d$uc$ f ,scripture4 ,all    
beg9 ) rev]5c+ ! ,gospel2 &  ?is scre5s 

!m f our ,savi\r's condemnation4 ,!y !n 
employ  !mselves 9 reason+ on ! sacr$   
writ+s t lie be=e !m2  & if !y !n       
sep>ate f ea* o!r1 x is ?r\gh ! same    
fallibility ( m9d :i* multiplies op9ions
 on o!r subjects1 &  = :i* assur$ly ,god
 w br+ no man into judgm5t4 ,! v>i\s    
sy/ems ( ,*ri/ian fai? are b ! div]g+   
/reams :i* fl[  f ! f\nta9 ( liv+ wat]s3
 "s may take a /raight]1 o!rs  a m      
devi\s way2 "s may receive a scanti]1   
o!rs a m copi\s  admixture f a diff]5t  
s\rce2 "s may roll ov] a pur]1 o!rs  ov]
 a f\l] b$2 b all conta9 ! heal+ curr5t 
:i* gu%$  f ! smitt5 rock1 & all1 ,i    
d\bt n1 are be>+ onw>ds to  meet at la/ 
9 ! ocean ( et]nal re/4    ,:y !n1 my   
bre?r51 mu/ we be h&l+ t]rors :i* x is n
  ours to di/ribute1 & s5d+ =? into !   
d>k ^! fe>ful  guesses at judgm5t8 ,:y  
mu/ our feeble h& be play+ ) !  lightn+1
 & lett+ loose ! hurricane8 ,r let u    
imitate ,god4  ,does he br& ! h]etic ) 8
 curse8 ,does he p\r ! elem5ts 9  fury  
ar\nd 8 dwell+8 ,does he set a m>k on   

him1 t any "o  f9d+ him may slay him8   
,see1 ! sun%9e /ill smiles ^u 8  ro(2 ! 
%[] /ill refre%es 8 field2 ! *>ities &  
hopes (  life are /ill p\r$ ^u 8 he>t4  
,& _c we *e] ) our  human love !        
creature :om our ,fa!r disda9e? n to    
bless8 ,are  we s s9less z to /& ap>t 9 
our hol9ess f ! be+ )  :om ! ,maje/y (  
heav5 c condesc5d to dwell1 :om ,inf9ite
  ,purity /oops to *]i%8 ,at lea/ let u 
wait = ! disclosure (  ^? secret c\nsels
 :i* we d>e to scan4 ,x w be "t en\gh to
  hate :5 ,god condemns1 to %un :5 ,god 
drive? away4 ,be assur$1 my  bre?r51 no 
s\l ev] p]i%$ = too mu* *>ity4 ,be ye   
!re=e  p]fect1 z y\r ,fa!r 9 heav5 is   
p]fect4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,,iii4 ,x is ! duty ( e  
,*ri/ian 9 an age ( controv]sy to make  
an op51 undisguis$ /atem5t ( 8 op9ions1 
& ( ! evid5ce  :i* satisfies him ( _!   
tru?4 ,h[ seldom d y see t union (      
c\rage & *>ity :i* ! _s ( ! ,gospel %\ld
 imp>t6 ,"h  y f9d "o :o discov]s no?+ 9
 ! religion ( 8 bre?r5 b  errors to     

controv]t2 :o _c p]ceive any ,*ri/ianity
 beyond !  peculi>ities ( 8 own cre$1 & 
?9ks t all ! evils (  society are to be 
trac$ to ! op9ions ( :i* he has disc]n$ 
!  fallacy4 ,!re1 on ! o!r h&1 is "o :o1
 )\t p]ceiv+ !  diff]5ce betwe5         
discussion & wrangl+1 ent]ta9s a fooli% 
dread  ( all controv]sy1 &1 z if !      
mutual good-w ( mank9d dep5d$  on _!    
uni=mity ( fai?1 suppresses 8 own views1
 & melts d[n  ! di/9ctions :i* sep>ate  
!m f ! views ( o!rs4 ,!  enlight5$      
,*ri/ian w ackn[l$ge t bo? ^! are 9 !   
extreme4 ,aga9/ ! exclusive _s ( ! =m] !
 prec$+ "p  ( ?is disc\rse may be a     
suffici5t remon/rance2 & ,i w conclude  
) a few rem>ks 9 ref]5ce to ! latt]4 ,x 
mu/ be admitt$ t  ! fe> ( mak+ an op5   
pr(ession ( fai? is a n unnatural fruit 
( ! despotism ) :i* society p]secutes ^?
 :o deviate f  its e/abli%$ modes (     
?9k+4 ,a va/ ma*9]y ( ref9$             
intimidation is prep>$1 to awe d[n e    
ris+ _s t seeks to  em]ge f ! ?raldom ( 
au?oriz$ cu/om into ! glori\s lib]ty  ( 

! sons ( ,god4 ,! *>ge ( s+ul>ity1 !    
smile ( wond]1 !  sne] ( ari/ocratical  
d]ision1 ! cold recoil ( suspicion1 & ! 
op5 upbraid+s ( bigotry1 are ! ke5      
weapons by :i* ! _w  ha/5s to assault ! 
consci5ti\s op5ness :i* x ought to hail 
&  v5]ate4 ,assail$ by s _m enemies1 x  
is little wond] t ! weak  & timid %\ld  
fall into t fe> ( man :i* br+e? a sn>e2 
& t ?is %\ld (t5 lead !m to act :]e !y  
%\ld keep  alo(1 & to be passive :]e !y 
%\ld act2 to speak :5 !y  %\ld be sil5t1
 & (t5] to be sil5t :5 !y %\ld speak2 to
  ?9k )9 ! b>ri]s ( e/abli%$ rules1 or1 
:5 m  conv5i5t1 n to ?9k at all4 ,b     
h[ev] natural may be ! orig9  ( ?is     
accommodat+ flexibility 9 ! intol]ance (
 society1 x  receives no ju/ification   
h5ce2 x is utt]ly incompatible ) t      
,*ri/ian simplicity :i* is ev] ! same to
 m5 & to ,god1 :i*  unfolds ! "* to !   
view 9 h>moni\s proportion1 & w\ld      
scorn to appe> o!r ?an x is4 ,x c exi/  
only 9 ! m9d t  loves ! praise ( m5 m   
?an ! praise ( ,god4    ,i _c leave ?is 

conclud+ "p ( my subject1 )\t rememb]+  
t ,i am animadv]t+ on a fault :i* has   
be5 peculi>ly *>g$  on my own sacr$     
pr(ession4 ,! m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel1 x has 
be5  said1 ! v m5 :o %\ld live "u !     
con/ant eye ( ,god1 h  ev] af=d$ ! mo/  
signal examples ( ! fe> ( man4 ,my      
bre?r51 ,i confess x ) %ame3 & x is a   
tru? to :i* ,i c  nev] rev]t )\t feel+s 
( indignant sorr[4 ,happily !re h  be5  
_m noble exceptions1 & 9 ?is place x is 
n difficult to  br+ _m be=e ! view4 ,b !
 m ,i read ! pa/ records (  ! ,*ur*1 & !
 m ,i /udy its secret hi/ory at ! pres5t
  day1 ! m pa9fully /rong is my         
conviction t ! m9i/]s (  ! ,gospel h be5
 ! mo/ temporiz+ class ( m54 ,!y are !  
appo9t$ inve/igators ( sacr$ tru?1      
employ$ expressly = !  purpose ( op5+ ! 
treasuries ( div9e wisdom & k2 &  yet f 
none has society ga9$ few] accessions ( 
tru? & light4  ,?\gh /ation$ by _! (fice
 betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 !y h  ga!r$ ^u _!  
s\ls m influ5ces f bel[ ?an f above2    
?\gh orda9$ to decl>e ! :ole c\nsel (   

,god1 !y h m  (t5 /udi$ ! ta/e ?an !    
wants ( _! he>]s2 ?\gh  encircl$ 9 !    
dis*>ge ( _! duties by an arm almighty  
to  uphold1 !y too h felt afraid4 ,my   
belov$ fri5ds1 ,i "k n h[  x appe>s to  
o!rs1 b to me x seems t 9 ! :ole        
,*ri/ian  code !re is n a duty ( m cle> 
& p>am\nt obligation ?an  ! hone/1      
simple av[al ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,! fir/   
natural  dictate ( ! m9d is to speak :at
 x ?9ks on any subject ( deep  int]e/ & 
importance2 & ,i am p]suad$ t a man mu/ 
sophi/icate 8 consci5ce1 mu/ fill 8     
judgm5t ) =c$  reason+ & false excuses1 
be=e he c come to ! conclusion t  he _h 
bett] keep tru? to himself4 ,d y ask me1
 ,:at is tru?8  ,amid ! conflict+       
s5tim5ts ( mank9d1 h[ is x possible )   
confid5ce to take up any z exclusively  
j8 ,i answ]1 e man's  own convictions to
 him are tru?1 to him are ,*ri/ianity2 &
 t to  conceal !m is to act ! "p ( !    
wick$ & slo?ful s]vant  :o buri$ 8      
ma/]'s tal5t 9 ! e>?4 ,x signifies n t  
m5  may obta9 acceptance ) ,god )\t ?9k+

 z y ?9k2 ,god  =bid t ,i %\ld = a mom5t
 d\bt t6 ,b d y believe t  tru? is bett]
 = man ?an error8 ,d y believe t !y are 
n  bo? alike to 8 m5tal & moral         
condition8 ,if s1 x is  selfi%ness1 x is
 s9ful exclusion1 to wrap y\rself up 9 !
  solit>y enjoym5t ( y\r own            
convictions4 ,= my "p1 ,i see no?+  b   
hypocrisy 9 ! elaborate attempts :i* are
 sometimes put =?1  to make op9ions look
 l popul> cre$s1 by slurr+ ov] gr&      
po9ts ( di/9ction1 by pu%+ =w>d app>5t  
resemblances1 by a  dext]\s use (       
ambigu\s phrases1 & o!r arts equally    
wor?y ( a  ,*ri/ian's scorn4 ,inde$1 my 
fell[-,*ri/ians1 we ought nev] to be    
cont5t till ?is great pr9ciple has be5  
e/abli%$1--t1 9  obey+ ! noble law (    
,*ri/ian op5ness & s9c]ity1 x is n  !   
bus9ess ( ! human be+ to calculate      
consequ5ces at all2  t temporal exp$i5cy
 mu/ 9 no degree ent] into !            
consid]ation4 ,god is ! au?or ( tru?1 & 
he w take c>e (  its consequ5ces2 & ,i  
am well satisfi$ t1 let appe>ances be   

:at !y may1 hone/y w br+ aft] x no?+ b  
good4 ,ev5  suppose t we %\ld be f\nd to
 be 9 error3 !n1 ! soon] x is  expos$ ! 
bett]2 & no?+ is s likely to lead to its
 exposure  z ! undisguis$ publication ( 
its evid5ce4 ,op9ion 9 good m51  x has  
be5 beautifully rem>k$1 is b k 9 ! mak+2
  & x is by sift+ ! gr\nds on :i*       
op9ions re/1 by br++  !m into close     
comp>ison1 & sett+ _m m9ds to "w ^u !m1 
t tru? is at l5g? elicit$2 & he is no   
enlight5$ lov] (  tru?1 :o is an enemy  
to ! av[al ( op9ion4 ,x is to be lam5t$ 
t ! _w has be5 s successful 9 circulat+ 
! feel+1 ev5  among ! well-mean+ (      
mank9d1 t !re c be any?+ to be  a%am$ ( 
9 op9ion2 = h5ce has aris5 an           
association ( fe>1  & almo/ ( consci\s  
guilt1 ) "o ( ! noble/ & fir/  duties ( 
! m9d1 ! duty ( ?9k+ = itself4 ,let !   
inquir]  & ! tea*] keep _! eye /eadily  
fix$ ^u ! ,scriptures1  make x _! s+le  
object to "k & to communicate :at !y    
conta92 let !m utt]ly =get t !re are any
 inspectors (  _! conduct1 any li/5]s to

 _! words1 except ,god & _! own         
consci5ce2 & ,i am satisfi$ t tru? &    
*>ity w spread  toge!r1 & m union be    
produc$ among ! n[ widely dissev]$      
portions ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 ?an any timid 
m$iators1 /riv+ to  be all ?+s to all   
m51 w ev] be able to effect4 ,! al>m$   
reconcil] ( inconsi/5cies may seem = a  
:ile to be successful2  he may keep     
toge!r 9 tempor>y h>mony ^? dissimil>   
elem5ts  :i* m fe>less spirits might    
sep>ate2 he may p]suade m5 t  !y agree  
:5 !y are wide z ! poles asund]2 he may 
surr\nd  himself by numb]s1 & multiply !
 directions 9 :i* 8 imm$iate  influ5ce  
ext5ds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! re=m] :o _c     
conceal1  & :o d>e n pret5d1 :o         
int]prets mo/ /rictly ! law (  ,*ri/ian 
simplicity1 may lose _m support]s :o    
ought to /& by  him 9 ! h\r ( trial2 he 
may be look$ on ) suspicion &  avoid$ z 
dang]\s2 he may be ! c5tre at :i* a ?\s&
 weapons  are direct$2 he may seem to h 
be5 imprud5t & premature1 & to  h baffl$
 8 own cause by 8 indiscreet op5ness2 he

 may g d[n  to ! ev5+ t]m9ation ( 8     
labors1 accompani$ only by a  fai?ful   
few1 & *e]$ by no multitude ( approv+   
voices4 ,b  wait till a g5]ation has    
pass$ away1 & !n come & look into  !    
field occupi$ by ^! two labor]s4 ,!n y w
 f9d x prov$  t numb]s are n always     
/r5g?2 :5 ga!r$ toge!r by !  feeble bond
 ( private influ5ce1 !y are scatt]$ :5 t
  influ5ce is )drawn4 ,! timid man has  
left no p]man5t trace  beh9d him2 he has
 inspir$ no c\rage1 provid$ no security 
= !  future1 & ! grass has gr[n ov] !   
road t leads to 8  temple4 ,b ! man :o  
has n fe>$ to tell ! :ole tru? is       
rememb]$ & appeal$ to by succe$+        
g5]ations2 8 "n1  pron\nc$ 9 8 lifetime 
) reproa*1 becomes a famili> t]m (      
enc\ragem5t2 8 ?\ghts1 8 _s1 long       
survive him1 ga!r  toge!r new & m p[]ful
 advocates1 & are associat$ ) !  records
 ( imp]i%able tru?4    ,f9ally1 ! great 
evil ( ?is disposition is1 t x con/ra9s 
!  natural action ( ! m9d1 & produces a 
weak vacillation (  "* :i* p>alyzes e   

virtu\s en]gy4 ,! gr& secret (  human   
p[]1 my fri5ds1 is s+l5ess ( purpose2   
be=e x1 p]ils1  opposition1 & difficulty
 melt away1 & op5 out a c]ta9 pa?way  to
 success4 ,b alas6 bre?r51 our          
,*ri/ianity has n tak5 f u  ! _s ( fe>1 
& giv5 u 9 its place ! _s ( p[]1 &  (   
love1 & ( a s\nd m9d4 ,we /ill put duty 
to ! vote4 ,we %r9k  f be+ s+ul>1 ev5 9 
excell5ce1 =gett+ h[ _m ?+s  are cu/oms 
9 heav5 :i* are ecc5tricities on e>?4   
,we fix our  eye1 n[ on ! tempt+        
treasures bel[1 !n on ! half-veil$      
glories above2 we op5 our e>s1 n[ to !  
welcome tones ( human  praise1 !n to !  
acc5ts ( ,god's approv+ voice2 & 9 ! va9
  attempt to reconcile oppos+ claims1 we
 sacrifice our int]e/ 9  bo? worlds4 ,x 
is melan*oly to ?9k :at a wa/e ( human  
activity  has be5 occasion$ by ?is      
weakness2 h[ _m purposes :i*1 if        
conc5trat$1 might h left deep traces (  
good1 h be5 appli$  9 opposite          
directions2 h[ _m well-mean+ m5 h laid a
  b5umb+ h& ( timidity on _! own good   

de$s1 & pass$ ?r\gh  life )\t leav+ "o  
p]man5t impression ( _! "* on  society4 
,x is n want ( an ample sph]e1 x is n   
pov]ty (  means1 x is n m$iocrity (     
tal5t1 t makes mo/ m5 s  ineffici5t 9 ! 
_w2 x is a want ( s+l5ess ( aim4 ,let !m
  keep a /eady eye fix$ on ! great ends 
( exi/5ce2 let !m be>  /raight onw>ds1  
nev] /epp+ aside to consult ! deceitful 
oracle  ( human op9ion2 let !m he$ no   
spectators save t heav5ly cl\d  (       
witnesses t /& gaz+ f above2 let !m g =?
 into !  /ruggles ( life arm$ ) !       
assurance1 ,fe> n1 = ,i am )  y2--& ea* 
man w be equal to a ?\s&2 all w give way
  be=e him2 he w scatt] r5ovat+         
pr9ciples ( moral heal?2 he  w draw =? f
 a multitude ( o!r m9ds a mighty mass ( 
k9dr$ & once lat5t en]gy2 &1 hav+ imp>t$
 to o!rs  ennobl$ conceptions ( !       
purposes ( life1 w ent] ! unfold$  gates
 ( immortality1 brea?+ already its _s ( 
sublimity &  joy4 ,bre?r51 h[ long %all 
we halt betwe5 two op9ions8    ,,!      
,,end4    ,transcrib]'s ,notes3         

,obvi\s punctuation & spell+ errors h   
be5 fix$ ?r\gh\t4    ,inconsi/5t        
hyph5ation is z 9 ! orig9al4    ,greek  
text is %[n z 9 ! text ) no acc5t save  
h>% brea?+4    ,page #aci3 ,ins]t$ a    
/>t+ d\ble quote4 7444 evangelical      
tea*]2  temple1 sacrifice1 4447         
,footnote #bj3 ,add$ a clos+ quote4 7444
 ! p's4 ,! argum5t  4447