,,! ,,ex-,,libris ,,s]ies4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,gleeson ,,:ite4 ,,mod]n ,,illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,f4 ,,walk]4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,! ,,draw+ ,,on ,,wood ,,9 ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum4 ,mod]n ,illu/ration by ,joseph ,p5nell1 au?or ( ,p5 ,draw+ & ,p5 ,draughtsm51 etc4 ,illu/ration ,london3 ,george ,bell ,sons1 ,york ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,new ,york4 ,mdcccxcv ,,*iswick ,,press3--,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,,index ,,( ,,illu/rations vii ,,prefatory ,,*apt] xiii ,,introduction #a ,i4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,survey #i ,,ii4 ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,to-,,day1 ,,_! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t #cc ,,iii4 ,,fr5* ,,illu/ration #ej ,,iv4 ,,illu/ration ,,9 ,,g]many1 ,,spa91 ,,& ,,o!r ,,c\ntries #gj ,v4 ,,engli% ,,illu/ration #ha ,,vi4 ,,am]ican ,,illu/ration #aac ,,vii4 ,,conclusion #aca 999999 ,! ,publi%]s take ?is opportunity to ?ank especially ! foll[+ own]s ( copyrights ( v>i\s draw+s = _! k9d p]mission to reproduce !m "h3--,! editors ( ,! ,daily ,*ronicle1 ,good ,words1 ,sunday ,magaz9e1 ,! ,/udio1 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 & ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e2 ,messrs4 ,*apman & ,hall1 ,h4 ,grevel & ,co41 ,h>p] & ,bro!rs1 ,c4 ,kegan ,paul & ,co41 ,?omas ,murby1 & ,w>d1 ,lock & ,b[d54 ,,index ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,! full page engrav+s are index$ ) ! numb] ( ! page ne>e/ to !m4 ,,arti/ ,,engrav] ,,& ,,s\rce ,,page ,,fr$4 ,,walk] ,f an orig9al draw+ on ! wood 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,process block by ,c4 ,h5ts*el ,frontispiece ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f a draw+ 9 wa% & p5cil #ie ,,b\tet ,,de ,,monvel ,process block f ,/4 ,nicolas1 ! ,fr5* xiii ,f ,jeanne d',arc1 by ,h5ts*el #fe ,w4 ,w4 ,,russell ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f a p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,daily ,*ronicle xiv ,,maurice ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f a p5 ,,greiff5hag5 draw+ 9 ,! ,daily ,*ronicle xvi ,e4 ,j4 ,,sullivan ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f a p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,daily ,*ronicle xx ,j4 ,,mcneil ,,:i/l] ,f ,?ornbury's ,leg5d>y ,ballads wood-engrav+ by ,j4 ,swa9 xxii ,a4 ,s4 ,,h>trick ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f a p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,daily ,*ronicle xxv ,,john ,,con/able ,f a p5cil draw+1 process block unsign$ #a ,,unkn[n ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 f a woodcut1 #adbc #f ,,sir ,e4 ,,burne-,,jones1 ,p5 draw+2 block by ,c>l ,h5ts*el4 ,,bt4 ,f ,! ,daily ,*ronicle #f ,process block by ,art ,reproduction ,co41 f orig9al draw+ = ,gatty's ,p>ables #dd ,,?omas ,,bewick ,wood-engrav+ f ,walton's ,angl] #i ,,david ,,wilkie ,process block by ,c>l ,h5ts*el1 f a p5 draw+ #i ,,! ,,l9nells ,draw+s on wood1 & engrav+s f ,national ,gall]y ,h&book #aj1 #aa ,,?omas ,,/o?>d ,process block by ,c>l ,h5ts*el1 f an unpubli%$ p5 & wa% draw+ #aj ,wood-engrav+s by ,l4 ,cl5nell #ab1 #ac ,,william ,,h>vey ,wood-engrav+s by ,?ompson1 f ,milton's ,works1 etc4 #ae1 #af ,orig9al draw+ on wood2 process1 unsign$ #ag ,wood-engrav+ aft] ,b4 ,r4 ,haydon1 detail ( ,d5tatus1 process block f x by ,dellagana #di ,,john ,,?ur/on ,wood-engrav+s1 unsign$1 f ,butl]'s ,hudibras1 ,tasso1 etc4 #ai1 #ba ,,george ,,cruik%ank ,engrav+s by ,s4 & ,t4 ,williams & o!rs unsign$1 f ,?ree ,c\rses1 ,table ,book1 #bb1 #bc1 #be ,,dante ,,gabriel ,process block1 by ,cl>ke1 f orig9al ,,rossetti unpubli%$ p5 draw+ #bg ,wood-engrav+1 by ,dalziel1 f ,t5nyson's ,poems #bg ,,birket ,,fo/] ,wood-engrav+ f ,longfell['s ,works1 etc41 by ,dalziel1 ,vizetelly1 etc4 #bf-bi ,process block f an orig9al draw+ on wood #bh ,,h>rison ,,weir ,two wood-engrav+s f ,poetry = ,s*ools by ,a4 ,slad] #cj ,orig9al wa% draw+ on wood1 process block unsign$ #ca ,a4 ,,coop] ,engrav$ by ,m4 ,jackson1 = ,walton's ,angl] #cb ,,r&olph ,,caldecott ,engrav$ by ,j4 ,d4 ,coop]2 f ,old ,*ri/mas #cc ,f ! ,elegy on a ,mad ,dog1 wood engrav+1 unsign$ #hc ,f ,bracebridge ,hall1 wood-engrav+1 unsign$ #hf ,,*>les ,,ke5e ,orig9al unpubli%$ p5 draw+s1 blocks by ,cl>ke & ,dellagana #cd1 #cf ,m4 ,e4 ,,edw>ds ,wood-engrav+ f ,gatty's ,p>ables1 by ,h>ral #ch ,g4 ,,du ,,mauri] ,wood-engrav+ by ,j4 ,d4 ,coop] #dj ,process blocks1 f p5 draw+s = ,trilby #ajb1 #ajc ,,ar?ur ,,hughes ,wood-engrav+ f ,hake's ,p>ables1 unsign$ #da ,,walt] ,,crane ,process block by ,c>l ,h5ts*el1 f wood-engrav+ pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 ,beauty & ! ,bea/ #df ,,kate ,,gre5away ,key-block = wood-engrav+ 9 col\r1 by ,edmund ,evans #dh ,e4 ,,isabey ,process block by ,dellagana1 aft] wood-engrav+ by ,slad]1 f ,paul & ,virg9ia #ej ,,gav>ni ,process block by ,dellagana1 aft] wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f ,p>isians by !mselves #ea ,j4 ,m4 ,l4 ,e4 ,engrav+s f ! ,contes ,,meissoni] ,remois #eb1 #eg ,,jean ,,gig\x ,process block1 unsign$1 f wood-engrav+ f ,gil ,blas #ec ,,jules ,,jacquem>t ,p5 draw+s1 reproduc$ by ,c4 ,gillot1 f ,! ,hi/ory ( ,furniture #ee1 #ef1 #fd ,a4 ,,de ,,neuville ,wood-engrav+ by ,f>let f ,c\ps de ,fusil #ei ,,gu/ave ,,dor ,wood-engrav+ by ,bruni]1 f ,spa9 #eh ,process block by ,dellagana1 f a li?ograph #fj ,d4 ,,vi]ge ,p5 draw+1 process by ,gillot1 f ,pablo de ,sgovie #fj ,,l\is ,,mor9 ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,l',art et l',ide #fb1 #fc ,,c>los ,,s*w,,be ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,zola's ,le ,rve #fb ,e4 ,,grasset ,p5 draw+1 process by ,h>e1 f ,quatre ,fils ,aymon #fc ,j4 ,f4 ,,raffa,,lli ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,p>is ,illu/r #fd ,h4 ,,ibels ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,l',art du ,rire #fe1 #ff ,,/e9l5 ,*alk draw+s1 two process blocks1 by ,c>l ,h5ts*el1 f ,gil ,blas #ff ,a4 ,,willette ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,les ,pi]rots #ff1 #fh ,,c>an ,d',,a*e ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 ,album ,c>an ,d',a*e #fg ,a4 ,,robida ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,j\rnal d'un vieux g>on #fg ,j4 ,l4 ,,=a9 ,p5 draw+1 process1 unsign$1 f ,la ,comdie ,p>isi5ne #fh ,p4 ,,r5\>d ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f *alk draw+ 9 ,! ,graphic #fh ,m4 ,,lalanne ,f p5cil draw+1 process block by ,cl>ke #gj ,,m>t9 ,,rico ,f a p5 draw+1 process by ,dellagana #gj ,,hans ,,tegn] ,unsign$ process1 f an orig9al p5 draw+ #gb ,p5 draw+1 f ,holb]g's ,com$ies1 wood 787 unsign$ #gc ,,adolph ,,m5zel ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f unpubli%$ draw+ #gc ,f4 ,,goya ,process by ,dellagana1 f et*+s 9 ,caprices #gd1 #gh ,f a *alk draw+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 process unsign$ #gd ,m4 ,,=tuny ,process1 unsign$1 f a p5 draw+ #gd ,,joseph ,,sattl] ,process1 unsign$1 f a p5 draw+1 ,! ,dance ( ,dea? #gd ,g4 ,,de ,,nittis ,process1 unsign$1 f wa% & bru%1 ,p>is ,illu/r #gf ,w4 ,,bus* ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+1 ,baldu9 ,bahlamm #gg ,a4 ,,re!l ,wood-engrav+1 by ,burkn]1 ,dea? ! ,fri5d1 process r$uction #gh ,h4 ,,s*littg5 ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+1 ,e9 er/] und e9 letzt] ,ball #gh ,,franz ,,/,,ck ,process1 unsign$1 f pa9t+1 ,franz ,/ck ,album #gi ,j4 ,,g>cia ,y ,,ramos ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 & wa% draw+ #gi ,w4 ,l4 ,,wyllie ,process1 unsign$1 p5 draw+1 ,magaz9e ( ,art #hj ,j4 ,w4 ,,nor? ,f a draw+ on wood2 block by ,dellagana #ha ,,hugh ,,?omson ,process1 unsign$1 p5 draw+ f ,our ,village #hb ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,turn] ,process by ,dellagana1 f ,rog]s' ,italy #he ,e4 ,,griset ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$ f ,hood's ,comic ,annual #hg ,,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,millais1 ,wood-engrav+s1 by ,dalziel1 f ,,bt4 ,good ,words #hh1 #ij ,a4 ,,boyd ,,h\ghton ,wood-engrav+1 by ,dalziel1 f ,dalziel's ,arabian ,nights #ib ,wood-engrav+1 by ,dalziel1 f ,dalziel's ,arabian ,nights #ib ,g4 ,j4 ,,p9well ,process by ,h5ts*el1 f draw+ on wood = ,goldsmi?'s ,works #ic ,process by ,h5ts*el1 f draw+ on wood = ,goldsmi?'s ,works #id ,,*>les ,,gre5 ,unkn[n #id ,f4 ,,s&ys ,wood-engrav+ by ,swa91 f ,?ornbury's ,leg5d>y ,ballads #if ,f4 ,,%ields ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f ,defoe's ,hi/ory ( ! ,plague #ih ,j4 ,,mahoney ,process block1 f wood-engrav+ 9 ,! ,sunday ,magaz9e #ajj ,j4 ,f4 ,,sullivan ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f ,hood's ,comic ,annual #ajj ,,sir ,,john ,,t5niel ,engrav$ on wood by ,h4 ,h>ral1 f ,gatty's ,p>ables #ajb ,,l9ley ,,samb\rne ,engrav$ by ,h4 ,swa91 f ,k+sley's ,wat] ,babies #ajb ,w4 ,g4 ,,baxt] ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,ally ,slop]'s ,c>toons #ajc ,,phil ,,may ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,graphic #ajc ,w4 ,,small ,engrav+ on wood by ,lac\r1 f ,cassell's ,magaz9e #ajd1 #aje ,r4 ,,ann+ ,,bell ,process block by ,h>e1 f a p5 draw+ #aje ,j4 ,,b]n>d ,process block1 unsign$1 f p5 ,,p>tridge draw+ 9 ,prov]bs 9 ,porcela9 #ajf ,w4 ,,holman ,,hunt ,engrav+ on wood by ,h>ral1 f ,gatty's ,p>ables #ajf ,e4 ,h4 ,,new ,process block1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,que/ #ajg ,,w9ifr$ ,,smi? ,process block1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,s++ ,games #ajg ,,alfr$ ,,p>sons ,wood-engrav+ by ,j4 ,d4 ,coop]1 f ,! ,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e #ajg ,process block by ,h5ts*el1 f ,! ,daily ,*ronicle #aji ,,sir ,,george ,,reid ,wa% draw+1 engrav+ on wood1 unsign$1 f ,a ,scot* ,naturali/ #ajh ,w4 ,,paget ,wa% draw+1 process1 by ,&re & ,sleigh1 f ,cassell's ,magaz9e #aji ,l4 ,,rav5-,,hill ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+s 9 ,! ,butt]fly #aaj1 #aaa ,,edg> ,,wilson ,process1 unsign$1 f ,! ,unicorn #aaa ,c4 ,e4 ,,mall[s ,process1 f a p5cil draw+ 9 ,! ,build] #aaa ,r4 ,,caton ,,woodville ,process f a wood-engrav+1 9 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news #aab ,,sidney ,p4 ,,hall ,wood-engrav+ f p5cil draw+ 9 ,! ,graphic #aab ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley ,process block by ,cl>ke1 f a p5 draw+ #aac ,t4 ,,walt] ,,wilson ,process r$uction1 f ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news #aac ,f4 ,s4 ,,*ur* ,process r$uction1 f ,! ,cont95t #aac ,c4 ,s4 ,,re9h>t ,wood-engrav+ by ,h4 ,davidson1 f ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #aad ,,walt] ,,%irlaw ,process block1 unsign$1 f *>coal draw+ 9 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #aaf ,,h[>d ,,pyle ,process block1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ = ,wond]ful ,"o ,hoss ,%ay #aah1 #abj ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f wa% draw+ 9 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #aai ,,alfr$ ,,br5nan ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,cont95t #aba ,a4 ,b4 ,,fro/ ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,/uff & ,nons5se #abb1 #abc ,e4 ,a4 ,,abbey ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e #abd ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f ,au/9 ,dobson's ,poems #abd ,c4 ,d4 ,,gibson ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #abe ,,oliv] ,,h]=d ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,fables #abe ,,rob]t ,,blum ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e #abf ,process1 unsign$1 f *alk draw+s 9 ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e #abi ,,*ilde ,,hassam ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,comm]cial ,adv]tis] #abf ,,hopk9son ,,smi? ,process1 unsign$1 f *alk draw+ 9 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #abf ,,fr$]ic ,,rem+ton ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #abh ,r4 ,,bir* ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,little ,"l ,fauntl]oy #abi ,t4 ,,cole ,wood-engrav+ aft] ,w4 ,m4 ,*ase1 f ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #abi ,s4 ,,p>ri% ,process1 unsign$1 f ,! ,cont95t #acj ,,gilb]t ,,gaul ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$1 f ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e #acj ,,selwyn ,,image ,process1 unsign$1 f ,! ,fitzroy ,pictures #aca ,,heywood ,,sumn] ,process1 unsign$1 f ,! ,fitzroy ,pictures #aca ,a4 ,j4 ,,gask9 ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,old ,fairy ,tales #acb ,,laur5ce ,,h\sman ,process1 unsign$1 f p5 draw+ 9 ,a ,f>m 9 ,fairyl& #acc ,t4 ,,cotman ,process reproduction by ,dellagana1 f ,ar*itectural ,antiquities ( ,norm&y #acd ,,errata4 ,page xv1 = ,t4 ,w4 ,russell1 read ,w4 ,w4 ,russell4 ,page #bj1 = #ahce1 ,page #be1 = #ahch1 read #ahcf4 999999 ,i h se5 f\r diff]5t dates giv5 = ! book4 ,page #be1 = #ahdb1 read #ahdj4 ,page #cb1 ,page #fi1 = ,pannemack]1 read ,pannemak]4 ,page #eb1 = ,lavoignal1 read ,lavoignat4 ,page #aab1 = ,sydney ,p4 ,hall1 read ,sidney4 = p5 read p5cil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,b\tet ,,de ,,monvel4 ,,f ,,/4 ,,nicolas 7,,delegrave74 ,,preface4 ,?is book is ! result ( a reque/1 made to me by ! editor ( ! ,ex-,libris ,s]ies1 t ,i %\ld write = him some?+ ab\t ! ,illu/ration ( to-day4 ,! idea1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge1 & ,i am glad to d s1 is 81 n m9e4 ,to ! editor also ,i am indebt$ = mu* help1 especially 9 ! matt] ( ! illu/rations :i* ! book conta9s2 9 fact1 if he has n select$ & *os5 !m all1 he has p]=m$ ! m difficult & ?ankless task ( obta9+ !m4 ,only "o :o has gone ?r\gh ! drudg]y ( f9d+ draw+s or blocks1 9 magaz9e1 book1 museum1 arti/'s /udio1 or collector's portfolio1 & !n ( gett+ ! p]mission ( editor1 publi%]1 curator1 arti/1 or amateur1 to use or reproduce !m1 kn[s :at ?is means4 ,i "k f pa/ exp]i5ce1 & ,i 0 !re=e only too glad to %irk ! "w :5 ,i f\nd ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite will+ to und]take x4 ,i d\bt1 h[ev]1 if he w ev] aga9 attempt su* a task4 ,= ! appe>ance ( ! illu/rations 9 ! book he des]ves ! cr$it2 = mu* advice & _m sugge/ions ( great value1 z well z to ! articles he has writt51 & ! lectures he has deliv]$1 on ?is subject1 ,i am greatly indebt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,t4 ,w4 ,,russell4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4 ,!re are _m o!rs also :om ,i mu/ ?ank4 ,fir/ ( all ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson1 :o1 :5 he le>n$ ,i 0 mak+ a /udy ( ! subject1 took ! tr\ble to put me on ! track ( ! ,fr5* illu/rat$ books ( ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury1 giv+ me a mo/ helpful />t4 ,)\t 8 assi/ance1 & t ( ,m4 ,b]aldi1 ,i might nev] h ev5 be5 able to trace ! true bir?1 developm5t1 & gr[? ( mod]n illu/ration1 :i* spr+s f ,goya1 ! ,spani>d1 z draughtsman1#a & ,bewick1 ! ,engli%man1 z engrav]2 spread+1 spontane\sly b q indep5d5tly1 to ,france2 !nce to ,g]many1 back aga9 to ,engl&1 & f9ally to ,am]ica1 :5ce x has be5 diffus$ aga9 all ov] ! _w4 ,?\gh 9 all its compon5t p>ts--draw+1 engrav+1 & pr9t+--illu/ration is m advanc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an any:]e else2 /ill to-day1 despite ! excell5ce ( mu* ( ! "w done !re1 rem>kable results are be+ obta9$ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,yet ?is latt]-day excell5ce is s m>k$ 9 ,am]ican "w t 9 _m ways x has ov]%ad[$ t ( ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,spa91 f ! arti/s & engrav]s ( :i* c\ntries we ,am]icans h d]iv$ our inspiration4 #a ,! ,spani% photograph] to :om 0 giv5 ! commission by ,messrs4 ,bell to photograph ! ,goya draw+s 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,prado1 nev] c>ri$ x out4 ,= ne>ly a ye> !y h be5 promis$ manyana1 b ! to-morr[ has n yet dawn$4 ,once aga9 ,i mu/ ?ank ! au?orities at ,s\? ,k5s+ton & ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,f4 ,/range & ! assi/ants2 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,poll>d1 :o1 ?\gh ! editor ( a rival s]ies1 help$ me z ?\gh ! book 0 to appe> 9 8 own collection2 ,pr(essor ,colv9 & ,mr4 ,lionel ,cu/1 ! latt] ( :om1 dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,i bo!r$ p]si/5tly2 8 transf] to a m important po/ is a great loss to /ud5ts at ! ,museum2 ,dr4 ,hans ,s+] ( ,dresd51 & _m o!rs4 ,arti/s1 especially ^? ( ! old] g5]ation1 ! m5 :o gave illu/ration 9 ?is c\ntry ?irty-five ye>s ago a position x does n hold to-day1 h be5 untir+ 9 _! int]e/ 9 ! book1 & mo/ helpful 9 e way2 x has be5 a delight & a pleasure to meet ,fr$]ick ,s&ys1 ,birket ,fo/]1 ,h>rison ,weir1 ,fr$]ick ,%ields1 & ,w4 ,h4 ,hoop]1 j z x is an undy+ pro( ( ! arti/ic bl9dness ( a g5]ation :i* has n ! intellig5ce to use ! "w ( its ma/]s4 ,mr4 ,hoop] has told me t he does n believe ! ,bewick blocks c\ld be pr9t$ any bett] ?an !y orig9ally 72 ?is is an int]e/+ problem1 b "o :i* c nev] be solv$2 f my po9t ( view !y 7 badly pr9t$4 ,he also ?9ks t ,bewick us$ ov]lays4 ,mr4 ,hoop] is ! ,engli% ma/] ( facsimile wood-engrav+2 & "s day1 :5 ?is fact is g5]ally discov]$ 7z ,mr4 ,william ,morris has f\nd out1 = ,mr4 ,hoop] has engrav$ ! great] "p1 if n all1 ( ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones's & ,mr4 ,morris's designs71 !re w be a wild & fruitless discussion among bibliograph]s z to ! engrav]s ( ! wond]ful blocks 9 ,morris's books1 & ( mu* ( ! be/ "w ( #ahfj to #ahgj1 sign$ ) ! "n ( a firm1 or a t9y m>k 9 ! mo/ obscure corn]4 ,mr4 ,laur5ce ,h\sman's article on ,a4 ,boyd ,h\ghton 9 ,bibliographica ,i wi% ,i _h se5 be=e ! ,engli% *apt] 0 writt51 & ,i wi% ,i _h _h ! b5efit ( 8 rese>*es conc]n+ ?is ma/]1 z well z ! advice ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,/rahan1 :i* w\ld h be5 invaluable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,maurice ,,greiff5hag54 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,h5nessy has giv5 mu* help 9 ! ,am]ican *apt]1 & ,i mu/ ?ank ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk]1 ,mr4 ,horace ,t[ns5d1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,orr9smi?1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,jacobi1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,h5ley1 & ,i _c rememb] h[ _m m4 ,mr4 ,edmund ,gosse k9dly all[$ u to reproduce 8 ,rossetti1 "o ( ! /ronge/ pieces ( "w1 ,i ?9k1 t arti/ ev] did 9 p5 & ink4 ,! o!r draw+s n contribut$ directly by arti/s1 or n obta9$ z electros1 etc41 are ma9ly f my own collection1 = /range z x may seem1 ! collection ( orig9al draw+s is "o ( my hobbies2 o!rs may collect bad pr9ts1 ,i pref] good orig9als4 ,! proprietors ( ,! ,daily ,*ronicle all[$ u to reproduce a numb] ( designs made = t pap]1 & publi%$ 9 x dur+ ,febru>y1 #ahie4 ,t no draw+s are includ$ f _m ( ! arti/s ( ,flieg5de ,bltt] is because ! proprietors refus$ to all[ !m to be reproduc$ or us$2 no d\bt ! publi%]s h daily applications ( ! same sort1 b z a book l ?is is n int5d$ z a rival to a comic pap]1 ,i ?9k _! refusal 9 ?is case r uncall$ =4 ,/ill1 ,i h n all[$ _! decision to influ5ce me1 nor yet ! refusal ( "o or two arti/s1 :o evid5tly pref] ! adv]tisem5t ( ! vulg> type ( weekly to be+ includ$ ) _! equals or ma/]s4 ,no d\bt ^! confessions w be greet$ ) applause1 especially 9 t pap] ^: boa/ x 0 once to be writt5 by g5tlem5 = g5tlem54 ,no d\bt ,i %all be c5sur$ = leav+ out ! "w ( e man :o ev] happ5$ to make an illu/ration or ev5 a sket*1 especially if x 0 privately publi%$4 ,no d\bt ! omission ( ,miss ,alex&] & o!r ,rusk9-boom$ amateurs w be not$1 b ,i h no collection ( _! works :i* ,i %\ld l to unload on ! de> public4 ,& z = ! misplac$ en]gy conta9$ 9 ^! draw+s1 ,i am sorry t _! au?ors wa/$ s mu* "t ov] !m4 ,no d\bt = mak+ ^! confessions1 unkn[n or anonym\s nobodies w %riek out t ,i h /ol5 ev]y?+ 9 ! book f an au?ority ( :om ,i nev] he>d4 ,&1 f9ally1 no d\bt an ord9>ily rational pap] l ! ,spectator w rem>k ( c]ta9 ( ! draw+s1 !y make u sick4 ,z to ! text1 x is 9 no s5se an attempt at a complete hi/ory ( mod]n illu/ration2 su* a subject w\ld fill volumes1 & take a lifetime to prep>e4 ,x is b a sket*1 & a v slight "o1 ( :at ,i ?9k is ! mo/ important "w ( ?is c5tury2 f :i* ,i "k ,i %all be told ,i h omitt$ almo/ all t ,i %\ld h includ$1 & ins]t$ mu* t %\ld h be5 omitt$4 ,b ,i %\ld l to po9t out t !re are no works t ,i h be5 able to consult on mod]n illu/ration1 t is on draw+1 engrav+ & pr9t+ z practis$ to-day 9 ,europe & ,am]ica2 !re are a few excell5t books notably a ,*apt] on ,engli% ,illu/ration1 by ,mr4 ,dobson1 9 ,mr4 ,lang's ,! ,libr>y1 & ,mr4 ,l9ton's works on engrav+2 ,mason ,jackson's ,pictorial ,press2 a few good monographs on ! great illu/rators1 ,*ampfleury's ,vignettes ,romantiques1 = example2 _m excell5t scatt]$ articles1 & an ocean ( rubbi%4 ,b ,i am ! un=tunate :o w be sacrific$ = attempt+ to write ! fir/ book on a subject he loves4 ,!re is ano!r mo/ s]i\s1 really insurm\ntable difficulty1 = me or anyone else :o attempts to write ( mod]n illu/ration3 no illu/rations are catalogu$ to any ext5t2 only ! mo/ important illu/rators f9d a place 9 ei!r ! catalogues ( ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,art ,libr>y or ! ,briti% ,museum2 !re=e a few ye>s1 ev5 a few weeks1 aft] an illu/rat$ book is publi%$1 if x has already pass$ ?r\gh sev]al editions1 x may require h\rs to f9d ! edition "o wants4 ,& z = a special illu/ration1 t necessitates almo/ always turn+ ov] ?\s&s ( pages--unless "o kn[s exactly :]e to f9d x4 ,i "k ( b "o magaz9e--,once a ,week--9 ! b\nd volumes ( :i* ! arti/'s "w is prop]ly index$1 & ev5 "h ! engrav]'s "n is omitt$4#b ,9 ,h>p]'s mo/ excell5tly conduct$ magaz9e1 = "s unkn[n reason arti/s & engrav]s are ignor$ 9 ! index4 ,ev5 ,! ,c5tury leaves mu* to be desir$ 9 ?is way4 ,aga91 x is almo/ impossible to obta9 ! date or ! "n ( ! "w 9 :i* _m an important illu/ration fir/ appe>$4 ,illu/rations are us$ ov] & ov] aga91 ?is has always be5 done2 ev5 a publi%] at times _c help "o3 = ?is reason x is v difficult to tell :5 "o is consult+ a fir/ edition ( an illu/rat$ book4 ,sometimes ,i fancy ?is c>elessness is n altoge!r unassociat$ ) ! au?or's or publi%]'s desire to palm (f old blocks z new4 ,x is by no means uncommon to omit ! "n ( ! arti/ altoge!r f ! "w he has illu/rat$2 r>ely inde$ is x t ! engrav]'s "n is giv52 sometimes no m5tion t ! "w is illu/rat$ is ev5 made on ! title page1 or only t x conta9s s _m illu/rations2 usually if an attempt is made to describe ! me?od by :i* ! designs h be5 reproduc$1 x is wrong2 9 r>e cases1 ,i am glad to say1 ?is is int5tional--photogravures be+ call$ et*+s1 = example--b x is ma9ly ! result ( %e] ignorance on ! "p ( publi%]1 au?or1 or at times1 ! illu/rator4 #b ,! ,pall ,mall ,magaz9e has j comm5c$ to index arti/s & engrav]s completely4 ,h5ce !re are two matt]s to :i* ,i %\ld l to call att5tion2 t all libr>y catalogues give ! "n ( arti/ & engrav] :5ev] ^! are pr9t$ 9 ! book be+ catalogu$2 naturally 9 a "w l ?is or a magaz9e1 su* a c\rse w\ld be impossible1 b at lea/ ! numb] ( illu/rations might be giv54 ,! "n ( ! illu/rator %\ld always appe> on ! title page :5 possible2 if 8 "w is wor? pr9t+ he %\ld h a dec5t am\nt ( att5tion drawn to x4 ,?is matt] is n s difficult1 nor w\ld x entail 9 new catalogues s mu* "w z libr>ians might ?9k1 = ,i may say 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,i f9d t ,m5zel's "w is s catalogu$ already4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,e4 ,j4 ,,sullivan4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4 ,secondly1 t bibliograph]s ev]y:]e %\ld turn _! att5tion m to mod]n illu/rat$ works1 ev5 if f ! bibliograph] ( ! future x remov$ mu* ( t pleasant unc]ta9ty :i* enhances1 = "s1 ! "w ( to-day4 ,!re is sc>ce an illu/rat$ book ( ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury1 9 :i* we are absolutely sure ( ! arti/ & engrav]2 b ! bibliograph]s ( ! future w h a f> bigg] puzzle to solve1 unless we pay "s att5tion to ! "w ( to-day1 :5 !y come to catalogue & describe ! books ( ?is c5tury4 ,mo/ illu/rators1 x is true1 n[ sign _! draw+s1 b ,i %\ld n c>e to attempt a catalogue ( my own "w4 ,i h no d\bt t ,i h omitt$ to m5tion "s really important books1 b !y h be5 omitt$ because ,i h nev] se5 !m2 ) no good catalogue1 no guide1 _m ( ! arti/s dead1 & ! books dead too1 h[ is "o to f9d !m8 ,i h done :at ,i c\ld to make a />t2 ,i only hope "s "o w c>ry x on2 c]ta9ly ,i am sure "s ( my s9c]e flatt]]s w imitate me1 z !y always d4 ,b to-day ! output ( illu/ration is ov]:elm+2 to /udy ! subject prop]ly "o mu/ see all ! books1 magaz9es1 & pap]s publi%$ all ov] ! _w4 ,no "o man has a *ance to d ?is1 &1 if he _h1 ! m]e look+ at su* a mass ( mat]ial w\ld take up all 8 "t4 ,yet "o mu/ get "s idea ( :at is be+ done1 = 9 ! mo/ unexpect$ places ! be/ "w (t5 appe>s2 orig9ality is b>r$ 9 _m1 s-call$1 high-class j\rnals1 & has to /ruggle1 9 ! *eape/ publications1 ) ! pr9t+-press1 ink1 & pap]4 ,:at magaz9e1 = example1 has eclips$ ,! ,daily ,*ronicle's exp]im5t 9 illu/ration8 ,)9 ! same %ort p]iod no su* di/+ui%$ b& ( contributors ev] appe>$4 ,aga91 9 ?is book x is repeat$ly /at$ t c]ta9 arti/s are at "w on c]ta9 publications2 ^! h s9ce appe>$2 ,i c only say t ! book 0 n made 9 a day1 & ! arti/s1 engrav]s1 & pr9t]s to :om ,i h ref]r$1 h work$ fa/] ?an ,i h4 ,ev5 ! ,yell[ ,book has come into exi/5ce1 & be5 arti/ically eclips$--,i hope b = a %ort :ile--s9ce ,i h be5 work+ at ?is volume4 ,tempor>ily1 ! %riek+ bro!r & si/]hood h hurt ! pockets ( a few arti/s2 b illu/rators may be consol$ by rememb]+ t f ! "t ( ,dr] to ! pre-,raphaelites1 f ,:i/l] to ,et]nity1 ,art nev] has be5 & nev] w be und]/&$ ( ! p2 b !y no long] d>e to burn our productions1 !y only write to ! newspap]s ab\t !m4 ,art c /& t--ev5 ?\gh x1 = ! mom5t1 is h>d on ! arti/4 ,x is n[ no long] necess>y = me to insi/ on ! importance ( illu/ration2 x is ackn[l$g$1 &1 save t academic hon\rs are d5i$ him 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! illu/rator ranks ) any o!r practition] ( ! f9e or appli$ arts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,j4 ,mc ,,neil ,,:i/l]4 ,,f ,,leg5d>y ,,ballads 7,,*atto74 ,nor d ,i propose to contradict ! /atem5t t "o c see too mu* good art2 well1 ! ,elg9 m>bles /ood = c5turies :]e only ! bl9d c\ld avoid !m1 & ,i h n he>d t ! ,a!nians 7 injur$ 9 consequ5ce2 n[ !y are %ut up 9 boxes1 & only visible at c]ta9 times1 h5ce ! ,briti% ta/e has be5 s elevat$1 t ! ha'p5ny comic & ! photograph h become its ideal4 ,/ill1 if p c\ld see e day1 z !y _h ! *ance ( see+ ?is ye> 9 ! ,*ronicle1 illu/rations by ,:i/l] & ,burne-,jones1 ,i d n ?9k !y w\ld be h>m$1 ev5 if !y did n happ5 to h to travel 9 a p5ny 'bus to ! ,briti% ,museum1 or take a ,cook's ticket & a %ill+ ,rusk9 9 ord] to walk 9 ,flor5ce4 ,my op9ion is1 ! bett] ! art ar\nd u1 ev5 9 ! p5ny pap]1 ! bett] %all we be able to appreciate ! "w we mu/ travel to see4 ,z = ! p :o w\ld vulg>ize art & lit]ature1 br++ ev]y?+ d[n to _! own l[ level1 we h !m always ) u4 ,& !y & _! hang]s-on are ! ones aga9/ :om ! pres5t puritans %\ld level _! attacks--n aga9/ m5 ^: art !y d n und]/&1 ev5 if !y d object to _! p]sonality4 ,/ill "h x w be always impossible to sep>ate a man f 8 "w2 yet good art w live1 & good illu/ration is good art4 ,! _w may or may n appreciate x1 /ill !re nev] 0 an arti/ic p]iod1 !re nev] 0 an art-lov+ nation4 ,,note4 ,s9ce ?is preface 0 writt5 mu* has happ5$1 & ,i hope ,i h le>n$ a little4 ,a %[ ( wood-engrav+s 0 held 9 ,m>*1 #ahie1 9 ,/ation]s' ,hall1 :i* demon/rat$ cle>ly t !re are _m capable arti/s 9 ?is bran* ( illu/ration1 ?\gh at pres5t !y h b little enc\ragem5t to practise _! art2 9 t exhibition "o saw mu* good "w1 & ,i mu/ at lea/ record ! names ( ,h4 ,h>ral & ,c4 ,rob]ts among ,engli% engrav]s on wood :o h done notable l>ge blocks--:ile excell5t engrav+ has be5 rec5tly accompli%$ by ,messrs4 ,m4 ,/a9=?1 ,o4 ,lac\r1 ,j4 ,d4 ,coop]1 ,r4 ,pat]son1 ,a4 ,worf1 ,f4 ,babbage1 ,j4 ,m4 ,john/one1 & ,w4 ,spielmey]1 ! latt] ( :om 0 good en\gh to give me mu* help 9 ! ,g]man *apt] ( ?is book4 ,edmund ,evans1 ! engrav] & col\r-pr9t]1 loan$ me ! orig9al draw+s on ! wood by ,birket ,fo/]1 ,william ,h>vey1 & ,h>rison ,weir1 n[ = ! fir/ "t reproduc$1 :ile ,william ,ar*] all[$ u to reproduce ! ,tegn] on page #gb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,s4 ,,h>trick4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4 ,among arti/s too ,i %\ld h not$ ! "w ( ,g4 ,h4 ,?omas & ,samuel ,palm]1 :o made "s designs = ,sacr$ ,allegories1 ma9ly engrav$ by ,w4 ,t4 ,gre51 #ahef4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & be/ ( mod]n illu/rat$ books1 ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 #aheg1 & ,wilmott's ,sacr$ ,poetry1 #ahfc1 are wor? pres]vation = _! illu/rations4 ,! m ,i see ( ?is illu/ration ( tw5ty or ?irty ye>s ago1 ! bett] & m int]e/+ ,i f9d x4 ,ar?ur ,hughes' "w gr[s on "o2 c]ta9ly 8 illu/rations to ,*ri/9a ,rossetti's ,s+ ,song1 are v *>m+4 ,i h made no m5tion sc>cely ( ! spl5did "w ,*>les ,gre51 ,luke ,fildes1 & ,fr$4 ,b>n>d did = ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,my only excuse is t till ye/]day ,i nev] saw x4 ,griset's grotesques1 too1 ,i h b j come across--b :ile "o is look+ up ! "w ( a few ye>s ago1 t ( ! pres5t is unse54 ,i h said no?+ ( _m int]e/+ illu/rators :o h come to ! front almo/ )9 a few mon?s1 illu/rators are be+ made almo/ daily1 "o _c keep track ( !m1 good z _! "w is mu* ( x is l j\rnalism1 b\nd to p]i%1 only ! be/ w live2 b :5 "o is "r 9 ! mid/ ( x1 difficult inde$ is ! task ( pick+ out ! good f ! almo/ good1 ! clev] f ! di/+ui%$4 ,,london1 ,septemb] #cj?1 #ahie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,con/able4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,mod]n ,,illu/ration4 ,,introduction4 ,illu/ration is n only ! olde/1 b ! only =m ( arti/ic expression :i* graphic arti/s h ev] be5 able to employ4 ,= t matt]1 e expression ( ! arti/1 :e!r convey$ by means ( mono*rome or col\r1 ev5 ! "w ( ! pla/ic arti/1 is b an illu/ration4 ,= an illu/ration is ! record+1 by means ( "s arti/ic m$ium1 ei!r ( some?+ se5 by ! arti/ :i* he wi%es to convey to--t is1 illu/rate =--o!rs2 or else ! direct int]pretation by "s arti/ic means ( a writt5 description1 or ! *ronicl+ ( an hi/orical ev5t2 or1 x is a composition :i* has be5 sugge/$ to him by "s occurr5ce 9 nature2 or1 aga91 8 impression ( "s phase ( nature or life4 ,!re=e all art is illu/ration1 ?\gh x r seems to foll[ t all illu/ration is n art4 ,9 ! pa/1 ! great illu/rators 7 employ$ by ! great patrons ( art 9 ! *ur* & at c\rt4 ,! *ur*1 by means ( graphic or pla/ic illu/ration1 w>n$ or enc\rag$ h] foll[]s1 t]rify+ !m by endless purgatories & inf]nos1 m gruesome & gha/ly ?an ! ,briti% idea ( ! ,salon picture2 turn+ _! ?\ghts t[>ds heav5 ma9ly by cloy+ sweetness1 :i* ! typical memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy f9ds mu* difficulty 9 approa*+4 ,?\gh su* illu/ration1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 0 made = ! p1 x 0 n giv5 into _! possession z mod]n illu/ration is to-day2 x 0 meant n = _! pleasure1 b = _! in/ruction4 ,! old illu/rator 9 8 "w 0 simply no?+ if n a morali/1 ?\gh he himself may h be5 a mo/ amus+ p]son1 :ile 8 treatm5t ( ev5 ! mo/ sacr$ subjects 0 frequ5tly ! broade/ & mo/ sugge/ive4 ,/ill1 he 0 commission$ solely to po9t a moral & adorn a tale4 ,z = ! c\rt pa9t]s1 _! "w 0 nev] se5 by ! p at all1 any m ?an x is n[1 (t5 luckily4 ,b :at 7 ! portraits ( ,velasquez1 ! gr\ps ( ,rembr&t1 ! fea/s ( ,v]onese1 ! processions ( ,c>paccio8 ,! "w ( all c\rt & portrait pa9t]s is b ! record+1 t is1 ! illu/ration1 ( human vanity2 & ! "w ( all subject pa9t]s is b ! record+1 t is1 ! illu/ration1 ( great & important ev5ts2 :ile l&scape pa9t+1 a mod]n inv5tion1 is only m or less glorifi$ topography4 ,) ! writ+ & illu/rat+ ( manuscripts1 h[ev]1 !re _h be5 develop$ a s*ool ( m9or arti/s & craftsm53 illum9ators & scribes :o--ma9ly tak+ = _! subjects ei!r a portion ( "s pa9t+ by a ma/]1 b usually ! m]e me*anical "p ( ! e>ly pa9t]s' backgr\nds1 ! me*anical gold pun* design ( ! primitives1 ! elaborate1 b mann]$ & conv5tional1 =egr\nds ( ,botticelli1 & ! entire compositions1 m or less alt]$1 ( ,fra ,angelico & ,p9turic*io--by lift+ ^! ?+s judici\sly1 evolv$ ! art ( illum9ation4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is illum9ation1 9 its detail & accessories (t5 v beautiful & conv5tionally decorative1 9 its ma9 subject almo/ always z reali/ic z possible1 0 ! "w1 ) two or ?ree mo/ notable exceptions1 ( second- & ?ird-rate clev] te*nicians1 b 9 no s5se great creative arti/s at all4 ,only a few well-kn[n pa9t]s 7 ev] employ$ to illum9ate important manuscripts4 ,aft] ! introduction ( pr9t+1 ! same /ate ( affairs cont9u$4 ,al?\gh ! mo/ beautiful books :i* came f ! e>ly ,g]man press appe>$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ,dr]1 8 contributions z an illu/rator are curi\sly limit$1 consid]+ ! am\nt ( black-&-:ite "w :i* he produc$4 ,he illu/rat$ n m ?an ?ree or f\r books1 & ( ^! only ! ,missal ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian 0 work$ out completely4#c ,! great ,italians nev] did any?+ ( any importance1 if we except ,botticelli's designs = ,dante :i* 7 nev] complet$4 ,velasquez has left no?+ beh9d him2 nor has ,rembr&t4 ,a few ( ,rub5s' sket*es = title-pages exi/ 9 ,antw]p1 & ,dr]'s monograms & v>i\s decorative designs h prov$ a v]itable m9e = ! m9or arti/s1 or greate/ ?ieves--,i mean ! decorators--:o are ) u /ill4 ,) ! exception ( ,hans ,holbe91 !re nev] 0 9 ! pa/ a great arti/ :o devot$ himself to illu/ration4 ,! glorification ( ^! m9or craftsm5 into great illu/rators is unju/1 incorrect1 & absurd1 :5 "o s]i\sly consid]s x4 ,dr]'s designs 7 really publi%$ & sold z portfolios ( engrav+s1 or sep>ately1 al?\gh !re 0 a little text ) !m1 b n z illu/rat$ books4 ,s1 too1 7 ^? ( ,rub5s2 :ile ,rembr&t's et*+s 7 altoge!r publi%$ sep>ately4 ,x 0 ! same ) ! "w ( ! e>ly ,italians4 ,holbe9 is almo/ ! only exception prov+ ! rule t great arti/s 9 ! pa/ 7 n illu/rators ( books4 ,/ill1 "o c nev] be absolutely c]ta9 on ?is po9t1 s9ce on "s ( ! f9e/ books1 l ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 a great arti/ 0 employ$ ^: "n has nev] be5 record$4 #c ,?is is a comb9ation ( illum9ation & pr9t+1 ! illu/rations be+ orig9al draw+s by ,dr]4 ,! text is pr9t$2 b two or ?ree copies exi/4 ,al?\gh x is impossible n[ to give ) absolute c]ta9ty ! true reasons :y ! be/-kn[n arti/s did n illu/rate ! important publications ( _! own day1 !re seem to be ?ree v good ones4 ,fir/1 because x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! wood-cutt]1 :5 he 0 kn[n at all1 & ?is impli$ 8 be+ reasonably successful1 0 ! head ( a l>ge %op 9 :i* ! arti/ & ! actual engrav] 7 m]e necess>y evils2 ! proprietor1 ,i d n d\bt1 tak+ n only all ! cr$it1 z we "k1 b mo/ likely ! bulk ( ! ca% z well4 ,secondly1 we h ,dr]'s own te/imony t 8 wood-cutt]s 7 incompet5t1 & c>eless1 & ! mu* belaud$ l9e ( ,dr] :i* "o is bidd5 to admire 9 ! wood-block to-day1 he himself1 x is almo/ c]ta91 did n cut4#d ,b he sket*$ freely on pap]1 8 design 0 !n copi$ by ano!r p]son on ! block1 & ! ?ird man cut x4 ,t ,dr] did "w on ! wood1 correct+ 8 designs & criticis+ 8 wood-cutt]s1 !re c be little d\bt1 simply f ! improvem5t 9 ?is me?od ( reproduction :i* began ) him4 ,b ! reason t a great arti/ l ,dr] did n contribute illu/rations to books mo/ probably is because he 0 n dec5tly paid = !m1 & because 8 designs 7 all cut to pieces4 ,f9ally1 n only 0 almo/ all ! engrav+1 except "w done "u ! direct sup]vision1 or influ5ce1 ( ,dr]1 absolutely *>act]less s f> z ! quality ( ! l9e w5t1 b !re is n a s+le e>ly pr9t$ book to be f\nd 9 :i* ! illu/rations are dec5tly pr9t$4 ,!re is sc>cely a solid black 9 any ( !m4#e #d ,see ,lit]>y ,rema9s ( ,alb]t ,dr]1 & ,f4 ,didot's ,gravure sur ,bois4 #e ,"s ( ,ratdolt's are among ! exceptions4 ,:5 "o consid]s ^! facts1 :i* h be5 c>efully ignor$ by a small set ( arti/s1 &1 ( c\rse1 are absolutely unkn[n to ! ord9>y critic & au?ority on ! e>ly pr9t$ book1 two ?+s become evid5t4 ,fir/1 t ! great arti/s ( ! pa/ did n illu/rate2 &1 second1 t ! reason !y did n 0 because !y c\ld be nei!r dec5tly engrav$ nor pr9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,*ri/oph]1 #adbc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,burne-,,jones1 ,,b>t4 ,,r$uc$ ,,f ,a ,,l>ge ,,process ,,block ,,9 ,,! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4 ,) ! introduction ( /eel & copp]-plate engrav+ & et*+1 ! pa9t+s & sculptures ( great arti/s 7 n infrequ5tly us$ z ! subjects ( book illu/rations1 b !y 7 seldom made expressly = ! books !y illu/rate4 ,& z ! /eel or copp] engrav+ mu/ be pr9t$ sep>ately1 & z ! be/ pro(s ( ^! engrav+s 7 almo/ always sold z sep>ate works ( art1 x h>dly seems to me t engrav+s on metal or on /one1 l li?ographs1 prop]ly come "u ! head ( illu/ration = pr9t$ books4 ,! use ( :at we call n[ cli*s & /ock blocks 0 almo/ univ]sal1 ev5 f ! v inv5tion ( pr9t+1 :5 ! illu/rations to ! block-books 7 cut up = ?is purpose2 & n only ?is3 ! same map 0 made to d duty = z _m c\ntries z 7 requir$1 & "o & ! same portrait or t[n s]v$ = z _m *>act]s & places z happ5$ to figure 9 ! book4 ,:ile1 "u ! head+ ( appropriat5ess ( decoration & fitness1 x may be rem>k$ t mo/ ( ! old pr9t]s only _h "o set ( initials1 & if !y did possess two sets ( bord]s1 !y usually *opp$ !m up1 &1 by judici\s mix+1 obta9$ a v>iety app>5tly pleas+ to _! patrons4 ,x is n until ! eighte5? c5tury t "o f9ds arti/s ( note illu/rat+ books1 always ) ! exception ( ,holbe94 ,ev5 !n ! illu/rations 7 usually /eel or copp]-plate engrav+s made v freely f o!r m5's draw+s1 al?\gh ! arti/s 7 beg9n+ to be commission$ to produce designs !mselves4 ,"o might devote mu* space to ! "w ( ,piranesi1 ,canaletto1 ,watteau1 ,greuze1 ,hog>?1 ,*od[iecki1 & ! illu/rators ( ,la ,fonta9e4 ,b ?is does n come really )9 my subject1 s9ce ! mak+ ( mod]n illu/ration1 t is1 ! employm5t ( great arti/s to produce great works ( art to appe> ) lett]press 9 pr9t$ books1 dates entirely f ?is c5tury1 & is due altoge!r to ! g5ius ( f\r m53 ,meissoni] 9 ,france1 ,m5zel 9 ,g]many1 ,goya 9 ,spa91 & ,bewick 9 ,engl&4 ,x is to ^! f\r t mod]n illu/ration is solely & entirely due2 ?\gh a ^w--& a /rong "o--( praise %\ld be giv5 to ! patrons & publi%]s :o employ$ & enc\rag$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,,david ,,wilkie4 ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,by ,,?omas ,,bewick4 ,,f ,,walton',s ,,complete ,,angl] 7,,bohn74 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,a ,,g5]al ,,survey4 ,n[h]e 7 ! conditions ( illu/ration m deplorable ?an 9 ,engl& :5 ,bewick1 & ,/o?>d1 & ,blake appe>$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,!re 0 a decid$ revolution :5 ,gay's ,fables1 ! ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s1 ,briti% ,l& & ,wat] ,birds1 all illu/rat$ by ,bewick's wood-engrav+s1 7 issu$4 ,bewick1 z has be5 said be=e1 & _c be repeat$ too (t51 0 an arti/ :o happ5$ to engrave 8 designs on wood1 in/ead ( draw+ !m on pap] or pa9t+ !m on canvas2 he 0 n a m]e wood-engrav]1 int]pret+ o!r m5's "w :i* he only half und]/ood or appreciat$2 & ?is is a di/9ction to be borne 9 m9d4 ,bewick1 virtually1 did = himself :at ! new me*anical processes almo/ succe$ 9 do+ = contempor>y illu/rators4 ,= him 7 none ( ! difficulties & mis]ies ( ! draughtsman :o made 8 designs on ! block1 saw !m ru?lessly ru9$ by an incompet5t1 or unscrupul\s engrav]1 & !n _h b ! pr9t1 :i* c\ld n prove ! reproduction to be ! wret*$ c>icature ( ! orig9al t x really 04 ,?is 0 ! *ief reason = ,bewick's success4 ,he inv5t$ wood-engrav+2 he %[$ :at good "w ought to be2 9 a ^w1 he revolutioniz$ ! art ( illu/ration 9 ,engl&4#f #f ,! pr9t+ is1 h[ev]1 always bad4 ,:atev] may h br\ght ab\t ?is sudd5 activity & revival ( excell5ce1 ,bewick's books 7 f> f be+ its sole outcome4 ,! ,songs ( ,innoc5ce & ,exp]i5ce1 ! ,inv5tions to ! ,book ( ,job1 ,blair's ,grave1 ,m>y ,woll/onecraft's /ories1 ) ,blake's illu/rations1 belong to ! same p]iod1 ?\gh ?is 0 b a *ance4 ,! illu/rations 7 mo/ly done on metal1 & ,blake _h 8 own peculi> me?ods4 ,he belongs to no special "t or gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,pet]4 ,,by ,,c>acci4 ,wood-engrav+ by ! ,l9nells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 ,,by ,,p]ug9o4 ,wood-engrav+ by ! ,l9nells4 ,book aft] book ) ,/o?>d's illu/rations1 ! ,pilgrim's ,progress1 ,ri*>dson's novels1 tales n[ =gott51 above all1 ,rog]s' ,poems1 ) ! engrav+s by ,cl5nell1 help$ to prove ! possibilities ( good illu/ration1 & emphasize1 by =ce ( contra/1 ! inappropriat5ess ( "w done by "s ( ! mo/ popul> ,academicians ( ! day = ,boydell's ,%akespe>e1 immortaliz$ by ,?ack]ay z t black & gha/ly gall]y ( murky ,opies1 glum ,nor?cotes1 /raddl+ ,fuselis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,/o?>d4 ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,wilson4 ,wood-engrav+ by ! ,l9nells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,pa9t+ ,,by ,,rub5s4 ,wood-engrav+ by ! ,l9nells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,/o?>d4 ,,f ,,rog]s' ,,poems 7,,cadell74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,cl5nell4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,/o?>d4 ,,f ,,rog]s' ,,poems 7,,cadell74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,cl5nell4 ,b ! mo/ important outcome ( ,bewick's "w 0 ! appe>ance ( an excell5t s*ool ( wood-engrav]s 9 ,engl&3 ,cl5nell1 ,bran/on1 ,h>vey & ,nesbit1 ! ,?ompsons1 ! ,williamses1 & ,orr9smi?4 ,^! engrav]s tri$1 9 ! beg9n+1 to produce exactly ! same sort ( "w t is be+ done by ! s-call$ s*ool ( ,am]ican wood-engrav]s to-day4 ,"o has only to look at ,/o?>d's illu/rations to ,rog]s' ,poems1 engrav$ by ,cl5nell1 to see an example ( facsimile engrav+ aft] p5 draw+4 ,b1 z a g5]al ?+1 ^! m5 all endeav\r$ to imitate ! qualities ( /eel engrav+ or et*+4 ,fir/1 because /eel or metal engrav+ 0 ! prevail+ =m ( illu/ration1 enjoy+1 = a :ile1 trem5d\s popul>ity 9 ! long s]ies ( ,keepsakes1 ,=get-,me-,nots1 & ,albums2 &1 secondly1 because !y 7 =c$ ma9ly to copy old metal engrav+s1 s9ce sc>cely any arti/1 always except+ ,/o?>d & a few o!rs1 knew h[ to draw on ! wood4 ,s great 0 ! rage = popul>iz+ engrav+s on metal1 t ,john ,?ompson project$ an edition ( ,hog>? on wood1 ab\t two in*es by ?ree1 %[+ t1 in/ead ( be+ able to produce new "w done specially = ! wood1 engrav]s 7 cont9ually ?r[n back ^u ! copy+ ( /eel or copp]-plates1 or ! "w ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,ano!r notable in/ance1 ?\gh publi%$ mu* lat]1 is t ( ! fir/ illu/rat$ catalogue ( ! ,national ,gall]y by ! ,l9nells4#g #g ,s f> z ,i "k1 ! orig9al ( t sy/em ( abom9ation4 ,9 ,france1 h[ev]1 !re 7 pl5ty ( arti/s1 will+ to draw on ! wood1 :o c\ld n get _! designs engrav$1 at ! v "t t 9 ,engl& !re 7 pl5ty ( engrav]s :o c\ld f9d no arti/s to draw = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,titian1 ,,ariadne ,,& ,,bac*us4 ,wood-engrav+ by ! ,l9nells4 ,9 #ahaf ,*>les ,?ompson w5t to ,p>is1 p>tly = pleasure & p>tly 9 se>* ( "w4 ,he 0 at once successful4 ,he arriv$ at ! "r mom5t3 already a ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,national ,indu/ry 9 ,france _h (f]$ a prize ( two ?\s& francs = wood-engrav+s done 9 t c\ntry1 s impress$ _h ,fr5*m5 be5 ) ! excell5ce ( ! "w produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h>vey4 ,,f ,,milton',s ,,poetical ,,works 7,,bohn74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,?ompson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h>vey4 ,,f ,,milton',s ,,poetical ,,works 7,,bohn74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,?ompson4 ,a little lat] on1 ,lavoignat & o!r engrav]s came ov] & work$ 9 ,london ) ! ,williamses4 ,! result 01 t1 )9 t5 ye>s ( _! return1 a s*ool ( wood-engrav]s1 ne>ly z good z ! ,engli%1 arose 9 ,france1 toge!r ) a numb] ( draughtsm51 greatly sup]ior to ^? ( ,engl&4 ,among ! engrav]s :o %\ld be m5tion$ are ,be/1 ,brvire1 ,leveille1 ,lavoignat1 ,piaud1 ,pisan1 & ,poirret4 ,!y work$ aft] ,gig\x1 ! ,johannots1 ,isabey1 ,paul ,huet1 ,jacque1 ,meissoni]1 ,*>let1 ,daubigny1 ,daumi]1 ,gav>ni1 ,monni]1 & ,raffet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,wood ,,by ,,h>vey4 ,9 bo? c\ntries ?is new illu/ration began to make its m>k ab\t #ahce4 ,al?\gh1 9 its own way1 ,bewick's engrav+ 0 unsurpass$1 /ill a ref9em5t1 a fre$om1 0 introduc$ by ! ,fr5* arti/s1 & a fai?fulness ( facsimile by _! engrav]s1 _m ( :om1 z ,i h said1 7 ,engli%1 q unkn[n at t "t 9 "w publi%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,s great 0 ! reputation ( ^! illu/rators1 arti/s & engrav]s bo?1 t two ,g]mans1 ,braun & ,roehle1 came to ,p>is to "w ) ,brvire4 ,?is int]national ex*ange ( engrav]s has kept up1 9 a measure1 till ! pres5t "t2 ,m4 ,lepre1 = in/ance1 /udi$ 9 ,engl& ) ,smeeton1 :ile x is well kn[n t ! director ( ! ,graphic 0 work+ 9 ,p>is almo/ up to #ahgj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h>vey4 ,,f ,,milton',s ,,poetical ,,works 7,,bohn74 ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$4 ,9 #ahcj ,i ?9k "o may safely say t ! fir/ really important mod]n illu/rat$ book1 9 :i* wood 0 sub/itut$ = metal engrav+1 appe>$ 9 ,france4 ,?is 0 ! ,hi/oire du ,roi de ,bohme1 by ,johannot4 ,?\gh publi%$ tw5ty ye>s lat] ?an ,rog]s' ,poems1 ) ,/o?>d's illu/rations1 z an example ( engrav+ x 0 sc>cely any bett]4 ,b ! designs--little head & tail-pieces--7 s good t !y 7 us$ ov] & ov] aga9 by ,l',arti/e1 ! organ ( ! ,romantici/s1 9 :i* !y 7 accept$ z ! p]fection ( illu/ration4 ,at ?is date !re is to be not$ 9 ,engl&1 among ! be/ "w done1 ! beautiful alphabet by ,/o?>d1 publi%$ by ,pick]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,?ur/on4 ,,f ,,butl]',s ,,hudibras 7,,bohn74 ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,?ur/on4 ,,f ,,butl]',s ,,hudibras 7,,bohn74 ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$4 ,if1 up to #ahcj1 ,engl& & ,france 7 9 equal rank1 s f> z illu/ration w5t1 = ! next t5 or fifte5 ye>s ,france utt]ly eclips$ h] e>li] rival4 ,9 #ahcc appe>$ ! ,gil ,blas#h ( ,gig\x1 conta9+ hundr$s ( draw+s1 :i* all ,fr5*m51 ,i believe1 consid] to be ! illu/rat$ book ( ! p]iod4 ,to ,gig\x1 ,daniel ,vi]ge owes m probably ?an he w\ld c>e to ackn[l$ge2 :ile ,gig\x himself is f\nd$ on ,goya4 ,9 #ahch1 h[ev]1 0 issu$ a book :i*1 9 draw+1 engrav+1 & pr9t+1 completely outdi/anc$ any?+ t _h h]et(ore appe>$ 9 ,engl& or 9 ,france3 ,curm]'s edition ( ,paul et ,virg9ie1 d$icat$ by a grateful publi%]1 ,aux arti/es qui ont lev ce monum5t typographique la mmoire de ,j4 ,h4 ,b]n>d9 de ,sa9t-,pi]re4 ,^! arti/s include ! names ( ne>ly ev]yone :o 0 !n1 or soon became fam\s 9 ,fr5* art4 ,! book conta9s m>9es by ,isabey1 beautiful l&scapes by ,paul ,huet1 animals & figures by ,jacque1 &1 above all1 draw+s by ,meissoni]1 :o contribut$ ov] a hundr$ to ?is /ory & to ! ,*aumire ,indi5ne1 publi%$ "u ! same cov]4 ,all ! be/ ,fr5* & ,engli% engrav]s collaborat$4 ,ev5 ! pr9t+ 0 excell5t1 = ! use ( ov]lays1 made by ,ari/ide ,d]niame1 _h begun to be fully und]/ood4#i ,! pr9t]s' "n des]ves to be rememb]$3 ,ev]al et ,cie4 #h ,my own copy1 app>5tly a fir/ edition1 is dat$ #ahcf4 #i ,*>les ,:itt+ham1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,*iswick ,press1 :o di$ 9 #ahdj1 has ! cr$it ( be+ ! fir/ pr9t] 9 ,engl& to use ov]lays1 & z an e>ly example might be m5tion$1 ,! ,g>d5s & ,m5ag]ies ( ! ,zoological ,society del9eat$1 publi%$ by ,tilt 9 #ahcj1 conta9+ draw+s by ,william ,h>vey1 engrav$ by ,bran/on & ,wright1 assi/$ by o!r arti/s4 ,aft] ?is1 = "s t5 ye>s1 !re 0 a p]fect deluge ( f9ely illu/rat$ books4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 ) ,jacque's draw+s1 ,molire1 ,don ,quixote1 ,le ,diable ,boiteux4 ,magaz9es1 too1 7 br\ght out2 ! ,magaz9 ,pittoresque1 :i* _h />t$ 9 #ahcc1 publi%$ 9 #ahdh ,meissoni]'s ,deux ,j\eurs1 engrav$ by ,lavoignat2 9 _m ways ?is rema9s1 ev5 to-day1 "o ( ! be/ pieces ( facsimile wood-engrav+ ev] made4 ,at t "t x 0 simply unapproa*$ any:]e4 ,9 ,l',arti/e & ,gazette des ,entants1 #ahdj1 w be f\nd _m rem>kable li?ographs by ,gav>ni2 b mo/ ( ,daumi]'s works mu/ be look$ = 9 ! *eap] pr9ts1 notably 9 ,la ,c>icature1 :]e also may be f\nd1 f #ahcj1 9 li?ography ! "w ( ,delacroix1 ,monni]1 ,lami1 & o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,?ur/on4 ,,f ,,tasso 7,,bohn74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,corb\ld4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,cruik%ank',s ,,?ree ,,c\rses4 ,engrav$ on wood by ,s4 ,williams4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,cruik%ank',s ,,?ree ,,c\rses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,cruik%ank',s ,,?ree ,,c\rses4 ,wood-engrav+s1 n sign$4 ,9 ,engl&1 too1 v good "w 0 be+ done1 ?\gh x 0 n s absolutely arti/ic z ! ,fr5*4 ,among ! m5 :o 7 work+ 7 ,?ur/on1 ,/o?>d1 ,h>vey1 ,l&se]1 ,wilkie1 ,calcott1 & ,mulready4 ,! ,p5ny ,magaz9e 0 />t$ 9 #ahcb by ,*>les ,knight4 ,gray's ,elegy appe>$ 9 #ahcf1 ! ,arabian ,nights 9 #ahch1 &1 ab\t ! same "t ! ,solace ( ,song1 bo? conta9+ mu* ( ,h>vey's be/ "w2 :ile lat] came ^? draw+s by ,cruik%ank1 :i* ma9ly owe _! claim to notice to ! m>vell\s int]pretations ( !m made by ! ,?ompsons & ! ,williamses4 ,9 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 ! engrav]s 7 seek+ m & m to imitate /eel1 ! arti/'s simple/ wa%es be+ turn$ into ! mo/ elaborate cross-hat*+1 :i* made ea* block look z if x 7 a mass ( p5-&-ink or p5cil detail1 :5 no su* "w 0 ev] put on x by ! draughtsman4 ,! arti/ 0 ignor$ by ! engrav]1 until f9ally ! latt] became absolutely supreme1 t is to say1 8 %op became supreme1 :ile ! arti/ :o1 :5 he _h ! *ance1 c\ld give on a piece ( wood an in* or two squ>e1 mo/ beautiful1 ev5 great1 effects ( l&scape1 0 subord9at$ :olly to 8 int]pret]4 ,= an accurate acc\nt ( ?is in>ti/ic triumph ,i w\ld recomm5d ! works ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton4 ,9 ,france ! art ( illu/ration cont9u$ to improve4 ,x culm9at$ 9 #aheh 9 ! ,contes ,rmois1 ) ,meissoni] = draughtsman & ,lavoignat & ,leveille = engrav]s4 ,^! illu/rations are absolutely equal to ,m5zel's be/ "w1 & are by f> ! f9e/ ev] produc$ 9 ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,cruik%ank',s ,,table ,,book4 ,engrav$ on wood by ,t4 ,williams4 ,i _h always suppos$ ,m5zel to occupy a position q z orig9al z ,bewick's4 ,b ,i f9d t he 0 really a foll[] ( ,meissoni]4 ,8 ,life ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great 0 n publi%$ until #ahdb1 :ile ! ,paul et ,virg9ie _h appe>$ 9 #ahce4 ,besides1 ! fir/ ( 8 draw+s = ! ,fr$]ick ,m5zel confid$ to ,fr5* engrav]s1#aj especially to ! m5 :o _h reproduc$ ,tony ,johannot4 ,b ?is arti/'s illu/rations1 ?\gh 9 po9t ( size ! mo/ important1 9 po9t ( excell5ce are ! wor/ 9 ! ,fr5* book1 be+ n unlike *>act]less /eel engrav+s4 ,x is !re=e n surpris+ t ,m5zel 0 dissatisfi$ ) ! results1 & t he proce$$ at once to tra9 a numb] ( ,g]mans to produce engrav+s ( 8 "w 9 facsimile4 ,! be/ ( ^! m5 7 ,b5twor?1 ,unzelmann1 ! ,vogels1 ,kreitzs*m>1 :o engrav$ ! draw+s = ! ,works ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 & ! ,h]oes ( ,w> & ,peace1 ^? monum5ts to ,m5zel's art & ,g]man illu/ration4 ,inde$1 x seems to me t1 until ! introduction ( photography1 !re is little to be said ( ,g]man illu/ration t does n relate entirely to ,m5zel & ,dietz1 & "s ( ! arti/s on ,flieg5de ,bltt]1 :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahdd4 #aj ,r ,engli% & ,fr5*1 ,&rew1 ,be/1 ,leloir4 ,b 9 ,engl& x is j be=e ! inv5tion ( photograph+ on wood t "s ( ! mo/ m>vell\s draw+s 7 produc$2 really ! mo/ m>vell\s t h ev] be5 done 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is true t ,sir ,john ,gilb]t _h be5 mak+ 8 /rik+ & p[]ful designs1 ,mr4 ,birket ,fo/] 8 exquisite draw+s1 :ile mu* good facsimile "w 0 done aft] ,mr4 ,h>rison ,weir2 ! ,abbots=d edition ( ,scott 0 appe>+1 & ! ,lib] ,/udiorum2 true1 also1 t ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 />t$ 9 #ahdb1 _h done mu* to raise ! g5]al /&>d2 ,pun*1 also1 0 comm5c$ 9 #ahdb2 mu*1 too1 _h be5 accompli%$ 9 li?ography4 ,/ill1 x is ) ! appe>ance ( ,fr$]ick ,s&ys1 ,rossetti1 ,walk]1 ,p9well1 ,a4 ,boyd ,h\ghton1 ,small1 ,du ,mauri]1 ,ke5e1 ,crane1 ,leighton1 ,millais1 & ,t5niel1 ) ! publication ( ! ,cornhill1 ,once a ,week1 ,good ,words1 ! ,%ill+ ,magaz9e1 & su* books z ,moxon's ,t5nyson1 t ! be/ p]iod ( ,engli% illu/ration beg9s4 ,mr4 ,rusk9's own draw+s = 8 books mu/ n be =gott54 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,birket ,,fo/]4 ,,f ,,longfell[',s ,,poems 7,,bell74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,vizetelly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,,john ,,gilb]t4 ,,f ,,m>ryat',s ,,mission 7,,bohn74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,dalziel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti4 ,,f ,,t5nyson',s ,,poems4 ,moxon1 #aheg4 ,engrav$ on wood by ,dalziel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,edmund ,,gosse1 ,,esq4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,birket ,,fo/]4 ,,f ,,longfell[',s ,,poems 7,,bell74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,h4 ,vizetelly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,birket ,,fo/]4 ,,f ,,bell',s ,,s*ool ,,read]4 ,wood-engrav+ unsign$4 ,among ! ,engli% engrav]s1 outside ( ! l>ge %ops ( ,dalziel & ,swa91 !re are only two names t /& out conspicu\sly3 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton & ,w4 ,h4 ,hoop]4 ,! excell5t "w ( ! latt]1 un=tunately1 has be5 ov]%ad[$ by t ( ,mr4 ,l9ton1 :o1 h[ev]1 _c be consid]$ 8 equal z an engrav]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,birket ,,fo/]4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,wood ,,block1 ,,nev] ,,engrav$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,birket ,,fo/]4 ,,f ,,goldsmi?',s ,,poems 7,,bell74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,dalziel4 ,9 ,am]ica ,f4 ,o4 ,c4 ,d>ley 0 c]ta9ly ! fir/ illu/rator1 :ile ! ,fr5* tradition 0 c>ri$ on = ye>s 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e by ,c4 ,e4 ,doepl]1 :o produc$ "s v excell5t little blocks4 ,h>p]'s ,illum9at$ ,bible1 ) m ?an f\rte5 hundr$ draw+s by ,j4 ,g4 ,*apman1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,adams1 0 begun 9 #ahcg1 & f9i%$ 9 #ahdc4 ,b ! greate/ numb] ( ! bett] ,am]ican draw+s 7 ei!r borr[$ f ,engli% s\rces1 or1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,am]ican ,tract ,society1 ,engli% arti/s1 l ,sir ,john ,gilb]t1 7 commission$ to make !m4 ,aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 ! fir/ man to appe> prom95tly 0 ,w9sl[ ,hom]4 ,contempor>y ) him1 & lat]1 7 ,john ,la ,f>ge1 ,?omas & ,pet] ,moran1 ,alfr$ ,fr$]icks1 ,w4 ,l4 ,%eph]d1 & ! old] ( ! m5 work+ to-day4 ,among ! c>icaturi/s1 ,?omas ,na/ 0 preem95t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h>rison ,,weir4 ,,f ,,poetry ,,= ,,s*ools 7,,bell74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h>rison ,,weir4 ,,f ,,poetry ,,= ,,s*ools 7,,bell74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,a4 ,slad]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h>rison ,,weir4 ,,f ,a ,,wa% ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,wood4 ,!re is "o ,am]ican book1 h[ev]1 :i* des]ves special m5tion4 ,?is is ,h>ris's ,insects ,injuri\s to ,vegetation1 ! draw+s = :i* 7 ! "w ( ,s\rel & ,burckh>dt4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ arti/ic books ( ! sort ev] publi%$ 9 ,am]ica or else:]e4 ,!n1 too1 amid a flood ( o!r ?+s1 appe>$1 9 #ahgb1 ,picturesque ,am]ica1 & lat] ,picturesque ,europe1 :i* !n rea*$ really ! high-wat] m>k ( ,am]ican publi%+ ent]prise 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 j z surely z ,dor at ! same "t 9 ,france & ,engl& 0 ! mo/ exploit$ ( all illu/rators4 ,! great] numb] ( draw+s = ^! books 7 made by ,h>ry ,f5n & ,j4 ,d4 ,woodw>d4 ,! pr(ession ( illu/ration at ?is p]iod mu/ h be5 almo/ equal to t ( gold-m9+4 ,ev]y?+ ! arti/ *ose to produce 0 accept$4 ,x w\ld be m accurate to say ev]y?+ he half produc$1 = ! s*ool ( ,turn] be+ !n sup]s$$ by t ( ,dor1 wood-engrav]s1 l ,pannemack]1 = in/ance1 _h be5 specially tra9$ by ! arti/ to c>ry out ! ideas :i* he m]ely sugge/$ on ! block4 ,b a *ange 0 com+2 ! incessant output ( illu/ration kill$ n only ! arti/s !mselves1 b ! process4 ,9 its /ead arose a bett]1 tru] me?od1 a m arti/ic me?od1 :i* we are ev5 n[1 only develop+4 ,?is lat] ,am]ican illu/ration may be said to h _h its beg9n+ 9 ! ye> #ahgf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,,coop]4 ,,f ,,walton',s ,,angl] 7,,bohn74 ,engrav$ on wood by ,m4 ,jackson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,r&olph ,,caldecott4 ,,f ,,old ,,*ri/mas 7,,macmillan1 #ahge74 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,to-,,day2 ,,_! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t4 ,mod]n illu/ration belongs ess5tially to our own times1 to our own g5]ation4 ,to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury sev]al writ]s on ! subject h trac$ its beg9n+4 ,b 9 a measure only is ?is !ory ju/ifi$ by fact4 ,all dates are difficult & elusive4 ,x is n easy to po9t to ! exact ye> :5 ! old came to an end & ! new began4 ,ev5 9 cases :5 a c]ta9 date1 #ahcj = example1 seems to m>k a positive b>ri]1 x does s only because1 ) con/ant use1 x has become ! symbol ( a c]ta9 *ange4 ,b ! cause ( ?is mod]n developm5t is n h>d to discov]4 ,x 0 ! application ( photography to ! illu/ration ( books & pap]s :i* e/abli%$ ! art on a new basis4 ,z ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ gave ! fir/ great impetus to illu/ration1 s surely has x receiv$ its second & m important f ! inv5tion ( photography4 ,! gulf betwe5 primitive illum9at$ manuscripts & ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,dea? is n wid] ?an t :i* sep>ates ! antiquat$ ,keepsakes & ,=get-,me-,nots f ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e & ! ,graphic4 ,! conditions h entirely alt]$4 ,great] ease ( reproduction1 great] spe$1 great] economy ( lab\r h be5 secur$1 z well z great] fre$om = ! arti/1 & great] ju/ice 9 ! reproduction ( 8 design4 ,z a consequ5ce1 illu/ration has increas$ 9 popul>ity1 ! comp>ative *eapness ( production plac+ x )9 rea* ( ! p :o h ev] tak5 pleasure 9 ! art1 s9ce ! days :5 all writ+ 0 b picture-mak+2 x has ga9$ arti/ically1 s9ce ! fidelity ( ! facsimile n[ obta9$ has induc$ _m an arti/ ( g5ius1 or di/9ction1 to devote himself :olly to black & :ite4 ,if1 on ! "o h&1 ?is popul>ity ?reat5s its degradation 7fooli% editors & grasp+ publi%]s flood+ ! _w ) *eap & na/y illu/rat$ books & p]iodicals71 on ! o!r1 ! arti/ic ga9 promises to be its salvation1 = n 9 ! days ( ,dr] himself 0 s l>ge a proportion ( g5u9ely good "w publi%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,*>les ,,ke5e4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,! fir/ attempt to photograph a draw+ on ! block = ! purpose ( engrav+1 is said to h be5 made 9 ,engl&1 9 #ahea or #aheb1 by ,mr4 ,langton1 an engrav] 9 ,man*e/]1 assi/$ by a photograph] ^: "n un=tunately has n be5 pres]v$4 ,x may be grant$ t ?is 0 ! fir/ attempt4 ,b arti/ically x 0 ( small importance1 z no?+1 s f> z ,i "k1 directly came ( x4 ,t ! process 0 well en\gh kn[n 9 #ahfe is prov$ by ! foll[+ extracts f ! ,art ,/ud5t ( t ye>3 ,! picture is obta9$ 9 ! usual way1 & ! film ( collodion aft]w>ds remov$ by us+ a pl$get ( cotton moi/5$ 9 e!r4 ,a block s prep>$ works z well "u ! grav] z an ord9>y draw+4 ,b ,i d n believe t ev5 ?is process ( photograph+ on ! block 0 v practically us$4#aa ,to take "o case 9 po9t1 ! ,amor ,mundi by ,s&ys1 publi%$ 9 ! ,%ill+ ,magaz9e = ,april1 #ahfe1 :i* ,i reproduc$ by photogravure 9 ,p5 ,draw+ & ,p5 ,draughtsm53#ab ! plate 0 made f a negative tak5 f ?is design aft] x _h be5 drawn on ! block4 ,mr4 ,swa9 has told me t he photograph$ ! draw+1 because he 0 s delight$ ) ! orig9al 7:i* he 0 ab\t to cut to pieces7 t he want$ to pres]ve an exact copy4 ,n[1 _h ! art ( photograph+ draw+s on wood be5 g5]ally kn[n1 ,mr4 ,swa9 w\ld h photograph$ ! draw+ on to ano!r block1 rev]s+ ! negative1 & kept ! orig9al4 ,in/ead1 he simply photograph$ ! orig9al be=e x 0 engrav$4 ,! same ?+ is said to h be5 done ) "s ( ,rossetti's illu/rations = ,t5nyson2 :ile ,messrs4 ,dalziel kept back _! ,bible ,gall]y = _m ye>s1 until draw+s c\ld be dec5tly photograph$ on ! wood4 ,b ! practical application ( photography to ! transf]r+ ( draw+s to wood blocks1 al?\gh probably kn[n ab\t z long ago z #ahej1 9 a few (fices is sc>cely practis$ to-day4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 "o may safely say t ab\t ! ye> #ahgf ?is practice became fairly g5]al2 "o may !re=e1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 take ! ye> #ahgf z ! date ( ! beg9n+ ( mod]n illu/ration4 #aa ,i am mi/ak5 9 ?is1 z _m ( ,p9well & ,nor?'s draw+s1 made on pap] 9 #ahfe-ff = ,dalziel1 7 photograph$ on wood4 #ab ,fir/ edition #ahhi4 ,z ?is *ange is probably ! mo/ important 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! art1 ,i ?9k x may be well to expla9 %ortly h[ draw+s 7 produc$ be=e ! introduction ( photography1 & h[ !y are made n[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,*>les ,,ke5e4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,dr] & ,holbe91 ! arti/ 0 ( small importance2 inde$1 s too 0 ! engrav]1 ?\gh we he> mu* ab\t him4 ,! arti/ made 8 draw+ ei!r on a piece ( pap] or on ! block4 ,judg+ f "s ( ! "w 9 ! ,plant9 ,museum 7! sole place :]e we c obta9 any actual data#ac71 ! design 0 made 9 r a free mann]2 ! argum5t aga9/ ?is conclusion1 ( c\rse1 is t comp>atively few orig9als exi/4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum a draw+ ( an ,apollo by ,dr]#ad on :i* are ! m>ks ( a h>d lead p5cil1 or metal po9t leav+ a m>k1 us$ to trace x1 :ile ! ^w ,apollo 9 ! mirror is writt5 backw>ds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! old ,h]bals are cuts ( ! arti/ mak+ 8 draw+ f nature1 ! draughtsman putt+ x on ! block1 & ! wood-cutt] cutt+ x4 ,:5 we come to engrav+ on metal1 we f9d t1 ?\gh ! wood-cutt] ne$ n h be5 an arti/1 he only hav+ to foll[ l9es giv5 him1 or to make c]ta9 me*anical ones to suit himself1 ! metal engrav] 0 oblig$ to be an arti/1 because he _h to be able to copy ! picture or design entru/$ to him4 ,b me*anical aids 7 f\nd = him too1 ) ! result t ! lat] engrav+s on metals1 z well z ! old woodcuts1 became ! productions ( %ops1 9 :i* c]ta9 p>ts 7 done by c]ta9 m51 & ! real arti/1 :e!r he 7 draughtsman or engrav]1 _h a small %>e 9 ! actual reproduction4 ,! next /age 0 ! entire disappe>ance ( ! wood-cutt]1 :5 f9ally all books 7 illu/rat$ by means ( /eel & copp]4 ,) ,bewick :o1 ) a grav]1 engrav$ 8 own designs on ! end ( ! block1 in/ead ( cutt+ !m ) a knife on ! side ( a plank1 z ev]yone _h previ\sly done1#ae !re 0 introduc$ a new phase--! possibility ( draw+ ) a p51 or p5cil1 or bru%1 or wa%1 ^u ! :it5$ surface ( box-wood1 a good m$ium1 a design :i* %\ld be absolutely facsimil$ by ! engrav]4 ,! engrav]s ( ,bewick's "t & until ab\t #ahce or #ahdj1 be+ true arti/s & craftsm51 knew t _! bus9ess 0 to engrave ! arti/'s design z accurately & c>efully z !y c\ld1 s9ce :at ! latt] want$ 0 ! absolute facsimile ( 8 "w & none ( _! sugge/ions4 ,b by ! fifties1 ! arti/ ei!r _h become :olly indiff]5t to ! way 9 :i* 8 "w 0 engrav$1 or else he 0 absolutely "u ! ?umb ( ! engrav]s4 ,8 entire /yle1 all 8 individuality1 0 sacrific$ = ! b5efit ( ! engrav+ %op1 f :i* blocks aft] him 7 turn$ out4 ,! head ( ! firm ^: signature !y bore may nev] h done a /roke ( "w on !m4 ,ev5 a man /rong z ,*>les ,ke5e 0 completely brok5 up by ?is sy/em1 ?\gh he may n h realiz$ x4 ,arti/s 7 told t !y mu/ draw 9 su* a way t ! engrav]s c\ld engrave !m ) ! lea/ "t1 tr\ble1 & exp5se4 ,two attempts 7 made to escape f ! wood-engrav] :o 0 aga9 endeav\r+ to r$uce ev]y?+ to a facsimile ( /eel3 by ! use ( /eel plates !mselves1 z 9 ! case ( ! lat] editions ( ,rog]s' ,italy2 & also1 by ! practice ( aquat9t & li?ography1 9 ,france by su* m5 z ,gav>ni & ,daumi]1 & 9 ,engl& by ,pr\t1 ,rob]ts1 ,h>d+1 ,na%1 & ,cotman4 ,b li?ography 9 ?is c\ntry1 z a me?od ( illu/rat+ books & pap]s1 nev] c be said to h become v popul>1 ?\gh 9 ,france = ye>s its employm5t 0 g5]al4 #ac ,!re are two or ?ree sev5te5?-c5tury draw+s on ! wood at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & "s1 ,i believe1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #ad ,on pap]4 #ae ,at lea/1 he 0 ! fir/ man to d important arti/ic wood-engrav+4 ,! art ( wood-engrav+ 0 dy+ 9 ! clut* ( ! engrav]1 :5 an artless process came to its aid4 ,=1 at ?is crisis x 0 discov]$ t a draw+ made 9 any m$ium1 ^u any mat]ial1 ( any size 7s long z proportion 0 reg>d$71 might be photograph$ ^u ! s5sitiz$ wood-block 9 rev]se4 ,! importance ( ! discov]y w be appreciat$ :5 x is rememb]$ t1 be=e ?is1 ! poor arti/1 if he 7 draw+ ! portrait ( a place directly on ! block1 0 compell$ to draw x ! exact size x 0 to be engrav$1 to rev]se x himself1 & to h 8 actual draw+ de/roy$ by engrav+ ?r\gh x4 ,once photography 0 us$1 ! draw+ c\ld be made ( any size1 x 0 me*anically rev]s$1 ! orig9al 0 pres]v$1 & ! arti/ 0 free4 ,gone1 h[ev]1 accord+ to ! engrav]1 0 ! engrav]'s art4 ,x is true t ! wood-*opp] disappe>$3 ! man :o c\ld n draw a l9e himself1 & yet w\ld pret5d t 8 me*anical l9es1 made ) a grav] or rul+ ma*9e1 7 m valuable ?an ! arti/'s1 & :o _h no hesitancy 9 *ang+ ! entire composition ( a subject if he did n l x4 ,b 8 disappe>ance 0 a great ga94 ,9 8 place !re arose ! late/ s*ool ( wood-engrav]s4 ,_m ( ! new 7 p]haps no bett] ?an ! old m51 = n kn[+ h[ to draw1 n be+ arti/s1 !y direct$ _! en]gies (t5 to ! mean+less elaboration ( unimportant detail4 ,b at lea/ ?is "w c\ld always be correct$1 n[ t ! orig9al draw+ 0 pres]v$ & c\ld be comp>$ ) ! pr9t f ! engrav$ block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,m4 ,e4 ,,edw>ds4 ,,f ,,gatty',s ,,p>ables 7,,bell1 #ahfg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,g4 ,,du ,,mauri]4 ,,f ,a ,,wood-,,engrav+4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,ar?ur ,,hughes4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,f ,,gordon ,,hake',s ,,p>ables 7,,*apman ,,& ,,hall74 ,9 ,engl&1 f #ahfj to #ahgj "s v rem>kable draw+s 7 made & engrav$ ^u ! block4 ,dur+ ! ye>s j be=e ! introduction ( photography1 ,walk]1 ,p9well1 ,ke5e1 ,s&ys1 ,%ields1 & ,du ,mauri] 7 illu/rat+4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t1 !y seem to h insi/$ ^u _! "w be+ foll[$4 ,betwe5 #ahgj & #ahhj1 :5 ! actual *ange 0 made f draw+ on wood to draw+ on pap]1 ev5 a l>g] numb] ( m5 7 at "w4 ,! ,graphic & ! ,c5tury 7 f\nd$1 & enorm\s 7 ! improvem5ts 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,b betwe5 #ahhj & #ahij came ! greate/ developm5t ( all4 ,= ^! ye>s saw ! p]fect+ & successful practice ( me*anical reproduction3 t is1 ! photograph+ ( draw+s 9 l9e ^u a metal plate or gelat9e film1 ! bit+ ( !m 9 relief on ?is plate1 or ! me*anical gr[? ( a plate on ! gelat9e1 result+ 9 ! production ( a metal block :i* c\ld be pr9t$ along ) type4 ,?is me?od ( replac+ ! wood-engrav] by a *emical ag5t has1 h[ev]1 be5 ! aim ( e photograph] s9ce ! "t ( ,niepce1 :o made ! fir/ exp]im5ts1 :ile ! process 0 pat5t$ by ,gillot on ! #ba/ ( ,m>*1 #ahej4af ,^! t5 ye>s are also not$ = ! inv5tion ( :at is n[ g5]ally kn[n z ! half-tone process3 t is ! reproduction by me*anical means ( draw+s 9 wa%1 or 9 col\r1 work$ out 9 ,europe by ! ,meis5ba* process1 9 ,am]ica by ! ,ives me?od4 ,9 _m ways wood-engrav+ z a trade or bus9ess has be51 x may be only tempor>ily1 s]i\sly damag$4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! v %ort p]iod s9ce me*anical reproduction has be5 introduc$1 ^? wood-engrav]s :o really are arti/s h be5 do+ bett] "w1 because !y c n[ engrave1 9 _! own fa%ion1 ! blocks !y want to4 ,! art ( wood-engrav+ has progress$ if ! trade has langui%$4 #af ,9 ,france ! cr$it = ! inv5tion is giv5 to ,dr4 ,donn1 :o1 ab\t #ahdj1 discov]$ t c]ta9 acids c\ld be us$ to bite 9 ! :ites or ! blacks ( a dagu]reotype4 ,see also ,fr5* *apt]4 ,! mo/ mod]n ( ^! developm5ts are wor?y ( special notice bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,b be=e po9t+ out ! *anges & results t h come f !m1 x may be well to say some?+ ab\t process4 ,^u ?is subject !re are two widely diff]+ factions4 ,x is n at all curi\s t ! arti/s1 ! m5 :o practise ! art ( illu/ration1 %\ld be f\nd almo/ unanim\sly on "o side1 :ile ! critics1 ^: bus9ess x is to prea* ab\t an art ( :i* !y "k no?+ 9 practice1 are rang$ ^u ! o!r4 ,!re are a few critics ( intellig5ce1 :o und]/& ! requirem5ts & limitations ( bo? process & wood-engrav+1 j z !re are hack & sup]ior illu/rators :o nei!r "k nor c>e any?+ ab\t any =m ( reproduction4 ,_m advantages are claim$ = wood-engrav+4 ,! pr9t f an engrav+ on wood gives1 x is said1 a s(t]1 ri*]1 full] impression ?an ! pr9t f ! me*anically engrav$ process block4 ,b n 9 "o case out ( a hundr$ ?\s& is ! wood block itself pr9t$ f3 ! illu/ration :i* delights ! critics has1 9 reality1 be5 pr9t$ f a ca/ ( ! block made ( exactly ! same metal z ! ca/ f ! process block1 & ! s(tness1 ! velvety quality1 is !re=e due to ! imag9ation ( ! critic :o is unable to tell ! diff]5ce4 ,inde$1 to di/+ui% betwe5 a me*anically produc$ block & "o engrav$ on wood1 provid$ ! subject ( ! draw+ is reasonably simple1 is s difficult1 t :5 nei!r ( ! blocks is sign$1 no liv+ exp]t on ! subject w\ld v5ture an (f-h& op9ion4 ,betwe5 good facsimile engrav+ & good process !re is really no diff]5ce at all1 except+ 9 a few p>ticul>s4 ,= 9 ! me*anically engrav$ process block1 to use ! ord9>y t]m1 ! l9es made by ! arti/ on pap]1 are photograph$ directly on to ! metal plate2 ^! l9es are protect$ by ink :i* is roll$ ^u !m ) an ord9>y ink roll]1 ! /icky ink adh]+ to ! l9es ( ! photograph1 & n[h]e else4 ,?is ink$ photograph is !n plac$ 9 a ba? ( acid1 & ! expos$ portions are eat5 away2 ! z9c or o!r metal block is set up ) a wood5 back1 type high1 & is ready to pr9t f4 ,! process is s ridicul\sly simple t x c be done 9 a v few h\rs4 ,process blocks = l9e "w1 & ne>ly always half-tone blocks1 h to be f9i%$ by a clev] engrav] especially employ$ = ! purpose4 ,x is v h>d = him1 z x leaves him no *ance = orig9al "w1 b 9 c\rse ( "t x is hop$ t ! process w be s p]fect$ t ! s]vices ( ! engrav] c be disp5s$ )4 ,!re are o!r me?ods1 su* z t ( us+ swell$ gelat9e1 to produce ! same results1 b ! bit+ ( z9c t ,i h describ$ is ! mo/ popul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,g4 ,r4 ,,seym\r4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,f ,,! ,,magaz9e ,,( ,,art 7,,cassell74 ,9 ! case ( ! wood-engrav+1 ! draw+ is photograph$ 9 ! same way on ! wood block1 b ! engrav] proce$s sl[ly1 t$i\sly1 & labori\sly ) 8 tools to cut away ! wood & leave ! l9es 9 relief4 ,?is requires an am\nt ( devotion to pa9/ak+ drudg]y :i* is appall+4 ,z _m days w be giv5 to ! production ( a good wood-engrav+1 z h\rs are ne$$ to produce a good process block4 ,! results obta9$ by a fir/-class wood-engrav] on ! "o h&1 on ! o!r by ! fir/-class me*anical reproduction :i* is always wat*$ by a fir/-class man1 may be s close z to be indi/+ui%able4 ,b !re is no arti/ic ga9 9 employ+ ! wood-engrav]1 :ile great arti/ic loss is involv$1 s9ce ! latt]1 :o c sc>ce enjoy do+ ?is sort ( ?+1 is compell$ to wa/e 8 "t 9 compet+ ) a *emical & me*anical comb9ation :i* does ! "w j z well2 besides1 !re is z mu* diff]5ce 9 ! co/ z 9 ! me?ods !mselves1 a process block be+ wor? ab\t z _m %ill+s z ! wood-engrav+ is p\nds4 ,z ! results are equal1 ,i see no reason :y ! publi%] %\ld be call$ ^u to pay ?is l>ge sum ( money1 unless he wi%es to1 simply = :at is absolutely a fad4 ,i admit1 h[ev]1 t facsimile engrav+s by ! e>ly ,engli%m5 & ,fr5*m51 & "s ( ! ,am]icans & ,danes ( ! pres5t day1 are wor? q z mu* money z is ask$ = !m4 ,b ,i am j z c]ta9 t me*anical engrav]s w g on improv+ _! me*anical process until facsimile wood-engrav]s are left 9 ! re>4 ,ord9>y good process "w1 :i* c be pr9t$ ) type1 is1 at ! pres5t mom5t1 equal to any facsimile wood-engrav+4 ,! m elaborate me?ods1 su* z ! photogravure ( ,am& ,dur&1 are inf9itely bett]1 & only to be comp>$ to et*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,burne-,,jones4 ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,= ,,gatty',s ,,p>ables 7,,bell1 #ahfg74 ,to contra/ ! me*anical reproductions ( black & :ite wa%1 or col\r draw+s ) wood-engrav+s aft] !m is1 h[ev]1 ano!r matt]4 ,_m draw+s1 ow+ to ! m$ium 9 :i* !y are done1 w n z yet reproduce well me*anically4 ,inde$1 to h "o's draw+s r5d]$ satisfactorily1 by ! half-tone process1 requires su* an enorm\s exp]i5ce & k ( ! improvem5ts cont9u\sly be+ made 9 ! _m diff]5t me?ods us$ by ! diff]5t process m51 t ! arti/1 if he kept po/$ 9 all ! developm5ts & modifications1 w\ld h v little "t left to produce works ( art ( 8 own4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! arti/ may admire ! "w ( a sympa!tic wood-engrav] :om he is delight$ to tru/ ) 8 draw+s3 x is always a pleasure to see ! translation ( a good draw+ by a good wood-engrav]4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( engrav+1 no?+ is m hopelessly monoton\s ?an process2 = ! aim ( ! process-man1 z ( "s ( ! be/ wood-engrav]s1 is to r5d] ! draw+ 9 wa%1 or 9 col\r1 s well1 t !re %\ld be no sugge/ion ( ! me?ods by :i* ! results are obta9$3 to give ! draw+ itself1 & ?is is exactly1 9 ! majority ( cases1 :at ! arti/ wants4 ,naturally1 he pref]s an absolute reproduction ( 8 draw+1 to somebody else's int]pretation ( x4 ,he is n eag] to h ano!r p]son int]pret 8 ideas = ! public2 he w\ld r ! public %\ld see :at he has done himself ) 8 own h&s4 ,?is reasonable desire process n[ beg9s to realize4 ,by ! half-tone process1 a photograph is made ( a draw+ ) ei!r a microscopically rul$ glass plate or scre5 9 front ( x1 :i* breaks up ! flat tones into inf9itesimal dots1 or squ>es1 or loz5ges2 or else1 !re is impress$ into ! ink$ photo1 9 "s "o ( a doz5 ways1 a dott$ plate :i* w give ! same effect4#ag ,^! dots1 squ>es1 or loz5ges l5d a gra9 to ! flat wa%es1 translat+ !m into rectil9e> relief1 yield+ a pr9t+ surface1--accompli%+1 9 a ^w1 ! same end z ! wood-engrav]'s translation ( flat wa%es into l9es & dots4 ,! great objection hi!rto to half-tone process has be51 especially 9 l>ge reproductions1 t ! squ>es or loz5ges produce a me*anical look :i* is entirely abs5t f a good wood-engrav+1 ! v ess5ce ( engrav+ be+ v>iety &1 !re=e1 int]e/ 9 ! l9es drawn ) ! grav]4 ,! crucial po9t1 h[ev]1 is ?is3 ev5 ! greate/ wood-engrav]1 9 reproduc+ a draw+ made 9 tone1 is =c$ to translate ?is tone by l9es or dots2 9 fact1 in/ead ( ! wa%1 to give l9es :i* d n exi/ 9 ! orig9al draw+4 ,?\gh he may be s clev] z to succe$ 9 reproduc+ ! actual values ( ! orig9al1 :i* he r>ely does1 he has /ill entirely alt]$ ! orig9al appe>ance ( ! "w4 ,! object ( ! half-tone process is to give1 n only ^! actual values1 s (t5 miss$ by ! engrav]1 b also ! bru%-m>ks & ! wa%y or pa9ty look ( ! orig9al1 a result mu* fur!r beyond ! p[]s ( any wood-engrav]1 ?an beyond ! possibilities ( process at ! pres5t day4 ,x is said t process reproduction is b a me*anical make%ift1 & ?is is a t]m ( reproa* aga9/ x4 ,b x mu/ be evid5t t wood-engrav+1 especially = ! reproduction ( wa%1 &1 9 a less degree1 ( l9e draw+s1 is a f> m me*anical make%ift4 ,!re is no possible way 9 wood ( repres5t+ ! wa%1 :ile 9 reproduc+ l9e on ! block1 at lea/ two cuts are requir$ ) ! grav] to get :at ! me*anical process gives at once4 ,moreov]1 z soon z ! l9e draw+ becomes at all complicat$1 x is impossible = ! engrav] to foll[ x on ! wood block4 #ag ,?is me?od1 ,i believe1 is no long] us$4 ,!re=e1 x seems to me t ! /rictures :i* h be5 appli$ to process are f> m applicable to wood-engrav+4 ,n[ t wood-engrav+ has become a m$ium = ! reproduction ( any & e sort ( design1 x has /epp$ q outside its prop] prov9ce4 ,almo/ any?+ c be done ) a block ( wood & a grav]1 b x mu/ be evid5t to p ( av]age intellig5ce t a v great gulf sep>ates ^? ?+s :i* possibly c be done1 f ^? :i* rationally %\ld be attempt$4 ,/ill1 to-day any subject t c be engrav$ on wood may be pr9t$2 & if "o likes to try exp]im5ts1 :y %\ld he be /opp$8 ,! wood-engrav] ( to-day has be5 compell$ to suppress & efface himself4 ,:5 he proposes to reproduce ano!r man's designs1 if he is really a great wood-engrav]1 he recognizes t 8 sole function is to r5d] ! orig9al1 fai?fully giv+ z mu* ( ! arti/'s h&iwork z possible1 & z little ( 8 own4 ,t ?is mu/ be to _m a mo/ gall+ & annoy+ position is evid5t4 ,b to rebel aga9/ x is absurd1 & = ! engrav] to tamp] ) an arti/'s orig9al design is z unw>rantable z = an editor to *ange an au?or's manuscript aft] ! f9al pro( has left ! writ]'s h&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,a ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,by ,,edmund ,,evans1 ,,9 ,,col\rs ,,9 ,,beauty ,,& ,,! ,,bea/ 7,,r\tl$ge74 ,!re h be5 two1 or p]haps ?ree1 great p]iods ( produc+ works ( art on ! block4 ,fir/1 t ( ! old woodcuts1 :i* 7 und\bt$ly great1 ?\gh :at ! draughtsm5 ?\ght ( !m we %all nev] really "k4 ,secondly1 ! p]iod ( ,bewick1 :o engrav$ 8 own designs1 & !re=e 0 8 own ma/]1 do+ :at he want$4 ,& ?irdly1 to-day1 ! greate/ revival ( all4 ,mr4 ,timo?y ,cole1 9 8 int]pretations ( ! old ma/]s 7?\gh "s ( ! pa9t]s :om he has reproduc$ might object to c]ta9 ?+s 9 8 reproductions1 !y c\ld b admit t nev] be=e h su* beautiful pictures be5 made out ( _! own71 has sugge/$ "o field = ! arti/ :o is a wood-engrav]2 ! creation ( ma/]pieces 9 8 own m$ium ( ! pa9t$ ma/]pieces ( o!r1 or ( 8 own "t4 ,aga91 we h a man l ,mr4 ,elbridge ,k+sley work+ directly f nature1 & produc+ ! mo/ amaz+ & int]e/+ results2 or ,m4 ,lepre1 :o is engrav+ 8 own designs exactly z ,bewick did1 or else giv+ u ^? m>vell\s orig9als 9 col\r1 only equall$ by ! ,japanese :o1 = ages1 h be5 ma/]s among wood-cutt]s2 or ,mr4 ,kreull1 :o is do+ m>vell\s portraits on ! block4 ,) s broad a scope at its s]vice 9 ! h&s ( arti/s1 wood-engrav+ is n 9 ! slighte/ dang]4 ,) ! add$ possibilities ( mak+ new exp]im5ts1 su* z pr9t+ f l[]$ blocks1 reviv+ *i>oscuro1 & an inf9itude ( o!r processes op5 to ! arti/ic wood-engrav]1 !re is no probability ( its becom+ a lo/ art4 ,i h no?+ b ! highe/ praise = ! "w ( m5 l ,cole1 ,k+sley1 ,gamm1 ,fr5* ,jngl+1 ,baude1 ,kreull1 ,florian1 ,h5driks51 ,bork1 ,hoop]1 & ,biscombe ,g>dn]4 ,?is mod]n facsimile wood-engrav+ is magnific5t 9 its way1 & is q z legitimate & decorative z any ( ! old "w1 only process is b\nd to sup]s$e ! great] "p ( x4 ,wood-engrav+ has surviv$ ! m$ival me*anical limitations :i* 7 impos$ ^u x by ! primitiv5ess ( ! pr9t+-press1 b :i* h be5 made into its *ief m]its4 ,x has surviv$ ! gha/ly p]iod imm$iately succe$+ ,bewick1 :5 ! sole end ( ! engrav]s on wood 0 to imitate ! engrav] on /eel or on copp]4 ,x has surviv$ ! /age ( ! %op run by a clev] bus9ess-man :o m]g$ ! individuality ( all 8 arti/s & engrav]s into t ( 8 own firm4 ,x has surviv$ ! back+ ( ,mr4 ,l9ton1 :i* at "o "t ?reat5$ to kill x entirely4 ,& ! /ra9 put ^u x by magaz9e-editors & book-publi%]s has be5 reliev$ by ! int]v5tion ( me*anical process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,kate ,,gre5away4 ,,key ,,block ,,wood-,,engrav$ ,,by ,,edmund ,,evans ,,= ,,col\r ,,pr9t+4 ,,f ,,"m ,,goose 7,,r\tl$ge74 ,i believe t x w cont9ue & fl\ri% z an orig9al art1 side by side ) process1 until x runs aga9/ ano!r ( ! snags or quicks&s :i* e half c5tury seem to imp]il x4 ,/ill1 at ! pres5t mom5t1 its arti/ic outlook is v bright1--s also is t ( process4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,d5tatus ,,engrav$ ,,on ,,wood ,,by ,,h>vey1 ,,aft] ,,haydon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,e4 ,,isabey4 ,,f ,,paul ,,& ,,virg9ia4 ,engrav$ by ,slad]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,fr5* ,,illu/ration4 ,! ne>] we approa* our own "t1 ! m difficult x becomes to write ( illu/ration4 ,=1 al?\gh x is ! duty ( an editor1 & ev5 ( an arti/1 to note all t is go+ on ar\nd him1 at ! pres5t "t ?is is almo/ impossible1 s great is ! output f ! press1 s v>y+ are ! =tunes ( _m arti/s4 ,! man :o1 "o day1 promises to revolutionize all illu/ration1 ! next1 disappe>s1 or1 worse /ill1 becomes absolutely common-place4 ,& process sup]s$es process ) a rapidity t is p]fectly bewild]+4 ,b x seems be/ to beg9 ) mod]n illu/ration 9 ,france1 :]e ! greate/ activity has1 until lately1 exi/$4 ,9 ! decade f #ahge to #ahhe1 n[h]e 9 ! _w 7 su* big m5 work+1 or hav+ _! "w s well reproduc$4 ,=tuny & ,rico1 settl$ 9 ,p>is1 7 exhibit+ _! m>vell\s draw+s4 ,if ,meissoni] _h ceas$ to illu/rate1 ,dor1 ,detaille1 ,de ,neuville1 & ,jacquem>t 7 at ! height ( _! p[]s4 ,! fir/ great book illu/rat$ by process appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( ?is p]iod3 ,vi]ge's ,pablo de ,sgovie1 publi%$ 9 #ahhb2 :ile ! la/ ye>s saw ! appe>ance ( ! ,guillaume s]ies :i*1 x 0 believ$1 w\ld prove to be ! f9al triumph ( process4 ,at ! same "t ,baude1 ,leveille1 ,lepre1 & ,florian 7 busy produc+ _! ma/]pieces ( wood-engrav+4 ,publi%+ h\ses 7 issu+ ! mo/ arti/ic j\rnals1 probably1 ! _w has ev] se53 ,la ,vie ,mod]ne1 ,l',art1 ,la ,gazette des ,beaux-arts1 ,p>is ,illu/r1 ,la ,revue ,illu/re1 ,le ,monde ,illu/r1 ,l',illu/ration1 & ,le ,c\rri] ,franais4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,gav>ni4 ,,f ,,p>isians ,,by ,,!mselves4 ,r$uc$ f ! wood-engrav+4 ,b f #ahhe onw>d1 !re has be5 a *ange1 & ?is *ange is n difficult to acc\nt =4 ,!re are too _m illu/rators & too few publi%]s--,i mean publi%]s wor?y ( ! "n--&1 mo/ important1 too few real arti/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,meissoni]4 ,,f ,,! ,,contes ,,remois4 ,engrav$ on wood by ,lavoignal4 ,:51 9 #ahgi1 ! new process ( ,gillotage1 z all process is describ$ 9 ,france1 0 reasonably p]fect$--,jacquem>t's ,hi/oire de ,mobili]1 be+ "o ( ! fir/ important books to be reproduc$ me*anically--e arti/ wi%$ to try x4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ! catalogues ( ! ,salon1 ! weekly pap]s & mon?ly magaz9es1 7 made bright & gay & *>m+ ) autographic arti/ic "w2 :ile wood-engrav]s1 feel+ t _! art 0 9 dang]1 7 put ^u _! mettle & engrav$ a multitude ( amaz+ blocks4 ,n[ t illu/ration has arriv$1 & by its aid _m ( ! bigge/ m5 9 ,france h arriv$ too1 !re has come a p]iod ( commonplac5ess & cont5t4 ,! ,fr5*man1 :o is ev5 m insul> 9 8 views ( art ?an ! ,engli%man1--unless 8 art is br\ght to him1 :5 he proves himself ca?olic en\gh1--kn[s t bad "w is be+ turn$ out 9 8 own c\ntry1 b believes t ! same ?+ mu/ be happ5+ ! _w ov]1 ?\gh he has he>d vaguely ( ! ,am]ican magaz9e1 ! ,g]man pap]1 & ! ,engli% book4 ,b s9ce #ahhe1 x may be said t e ,fr5* p]iodical has fall5 away 9 quality1 if x has n ceas$ to appe> altoge!r4 ,! f9e & exp5sive volumes1 :i* 9 #ahce 7 publi%$ 9 ,france1 h be5 succe$$ by ! ?ree-franc-fifty ,guillaume =m1 :i*1 s9ce ! immortal ,t>t>91 has deg5]at$ /eadily bo? 9 numb] & excell5ce ( illu/rations4 ,look+ back on ! orig9al s]ies1 x does n seem s v f9e1 b eight ye>s ago x 0 an enorm\s advance on any?+ t _h be5 done4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a rum\r t ?is excell5ce 0 obta9$ at ! exp5se ( ! arti/1 & t mo/ ( ! clev] "w ( ,myrba* & ( ,rossi 0 m 9 ! nature ( an adv]tisem5t ?an any?+ else4 ,x is p]fectly well kn[n t ev5 ,vi]ge _h to await ! g5]osity ( an ,engli% publi%] to recomp5se him = ,pablo de ,sgovie4 ,x w also be f\nd t c]ta9 ( ! l>ge ,fr5* publi%+ h\ses & lead+ magaz9es h become limit$ companies1 or ,socits ,anonymes2 :ile m51 :o may be clev] en\gh 9 bus9ess affairs1 h be5 set to direct arti/ic matt]s ( :i* !y are entirely ignorant4 ,if ! /&>d ( illu/ration is daily fall+ 9 ,france1 ?is fall is ow+ ma9ly to ! incompet5ce ( editors & ! rapacity ( publi%]s4 ,to-day1 if "o wi%es to see ! be/ "w ( ,fr5* draughtsm5 & engrav]s1 "o looks abroad = x1 to ,am]ica fir/ & !n to ,engl& & ,g]many1 :]e ,fr5* arti/s are =c$ to publi% _! draw+s 9 ord] to obta9 adequate pay or dec5t pr9t+4 ,x is pitiful1 b ! example is v contagi\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jean ,,gig\x4 ,,f ,,gil ,,blas 7,,fr5*74 ,wood-engrav+1 unsign$4 ,ano!r cause too has op]at$ aga9/ ! production ( f9e books & f9e magaz9es4 ,?is is ! ,supplm5t littraire et arti/ique giv5 away ea* week ) pap]s l ,gil ,blas1 ,l',e*o de ,p>is1 ,la ,lant]ne1 ,le ,petit ,j\rnal1 & occasionally ,le ,fig>o4 ,x is especially 9 ,gil ,blas t ! be/ ,fr5* "w is n[ to be f\nd1 usually pr9t$ 9 col\r4 ,b mo/ ( ! o!rs--!re are notable exceptions--ei!r publi% ! v]ie/ drivel & dirt1 bo? f ! lit]>y & arti/ic /&po9t1 or else ! draw+s ( m]e boys & girls j out ( ! art s*ools1 :o give _! designs to ! publi%]s = little m ?an ! sake ( hav+ _! names 9 ! pap]s4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 :i* actually exi/1 x is becom+ well-nigh impossible = a draughtsman to live 9 ,france4 ,pr9t+1 too1 has deg5]at$1 until ,fr5* pr9t+ n[ ranks ) ! wor/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,jacquem>t4 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,furniture4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a few firms1 l ,g\pils1 are produc+ excell5t col\r "w 9 ! mo/ exp5sive fa%ion1 & good *eap pr9ts z well4 ,! pr9t+ ( ,guillaume = ,d5tu's ,le ,bamb\--mo/ ( ! illu/rations are on wood--is to be comm5d$1 z x %[s (f ! "w ( arti/s & engrav]s to p]fection4 ,:ile "o notes clev] pap]-cov] designs on _m new books4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,jacquem>t4 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,furniture4 ,t bad or m$iocre "w is supreme 9 ,france at ! pres5t "t is prov5 by ! fact t two ( ! mo/ arti/ic j\rnals h ceas$ to appe>2 ,g\pil's ,les ,lettres et les ,arts1 & ,octave ,uzanne's ,l',art et ,l',ide4 ,nei!r ( ^! magaz9es 0 v exp5sive to produce1--t is 9 comp>ison ) _m o!rs4 ,b x is a self-evid5t fact1 to anyone :o has /udi$ illu/ration1 t ! art passes e few ye>s ?r\gh p]iods ( great depression2 9 ,france1 art ( all sorts is at ! pres5t mom5t 9 ! mo/ disorganiz$ & unsettl$ /ate1 & illu/ration is 9 z bad a way z any o!r bran*4 ,nor is x = lack ( illu/rators1 b because "s ( ! publi%]s & editors ( ! c\ntry--& ,france is n solit>y & alone 9 ?is matt]--are a set ( money-grubb+1 ignorant fools1 :o h be5 able tempor>ily to impress _! contemptible view ( art1 or r _! mis]able failure to und]/& x f any o!r /&po9t ?an t ( _! money-bags1 ^u a suffici5t numb] ( gullible p to make a fairly good liv+ = !mselves out ( ! public ignorance4 ,& z = ! re/ ( ! _w1 :y :at ( x8 ,x is true ,/e9le9 rivals ,gav>ni1 & ,m>old1 engrav$ by ,florian1 equals 9 c]ta9 ways ,meissoni]1 engrav$ by ,orr9smi?2--b 9 ! majority ( cases politics sit on art1 & ! photograph gl>es f ! pages ( ! dition de luxe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,meissoni]4 ,,f ,,! ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,! ,,contes ,,remois ,,by ,,lavoignal4 ,to-day an attempt is also be+ made to revive wood-engrav+ 9 ,france1 & almo/ all ov] ! _w1 except 9 ,engl&--:]e no?+ w\ld be kn[n ( any revival1 or improvem5t1 until long ye>s aft] ! :ole matt] _h be5 settl$ & pigeon-hol$ ev]y:]e else--& 9 ,am]ica1 :]e e endeav\r n[ is made to p]fect process4 ,b ! reason = ?is revival 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ! o!r c\ntries ( ! ,cont95t is n ! advancem5t ( ! art ( wood-engrav+1 or ! b5efit ( ! wood-engrav]2 x comes f ! will+ness ( good wood-engrav]s to "w v *eaply1 simply to secure ! *ance ( work+ at all1 & also f ! increase ( ! electrotype bus9ess4 ,al?\gh an enorm\s trade has be5 develop$ 9 ! production ( electrotypes f l>ge wood-engrav+s = publication 9 diff]5t pap]s1 ,i am in=m$ t editors :o wi% to make use1 at s mu* an in*1 ( ! bra9s ( o!r p1 w n publi% electros f process blocks1 = "s reason kn[n to none b !mselves1 only buy+ cli*s f wood blocks4 ,h[ev]1 x is q possible t ?is revival ( wood-engrav+ may enc\rage orig9al "w1 & a new p]iod ( f9e orig9al engrav+ may be its result1 little z ^? :o are br++ ?is result ab\t are int]e/$ 9 x4 ,a few words z to ! m51 & ! books !y h illu/rat$4 ,! arti/ :o 0 mo/ 9 evid5ce tw5ty ye>s ago 0 ,gu/ave ,dor4 ,! unceas+ /ream ( books :i* cont9u$ = ye>s to delight ! prov9ces & to amaze 8 biograph]s 0 !n at its flood4 ,t ,dor 0 a man ( ! mo/ m>vell\s imag9ation1 no "o w d\bt2 t 8 imag9ation ran completely away ) him is equally true4 ,he has _h no influ5ce ^u any?+ b ! v *eape/ =m ( wood-engrav+4 ,?\gh x is easy to und]/& 8 popul>ity1 x is difficult1 consid]+ h[ mu* really good "w he did1 to expla9 :y he has be5 completely ignor$ z an arti/4 ,!re is no "q t "s ( 8 compositions 7 magnific5t1 ev5 if e figure & type 9 !m 0 mann]$ & hackney$ to a horrible degree4 ,! only way 9 :i* we c acc\nt = 8 utt] failure z an arti/1 is ! fact t he 0 ru9$ by ! praise ( 8 fri5ds4 ,al?\gh ,dor />t$ z a li?ograph]1 c>ry+ on ! traditions ( 8 imm$iate pr$ecessors & contempor>ies1 ,daumi] & ,gav>ni1 ,raffet & ,*>let1 he soon took to draw+ on ! block1 & = ye>s ! _w 0 inundat$ ) 8 "w4 ,9 popul>ity no "o ev] approa*$ him1 b 8 draw+ on ! block is no m to be comp>$ to ,meissoni]'s1 ?an 8 li?ographs to ,gav>ni's1 :o contribut$ "s ( ! mo/ exquisite designs to ,l',arti/e 9 its e>ly days4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,f ,,spa9 7,,cassell ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,,de ,,neuville4 ,,f ,,c\ps ,,de ,,fusil 7,,*>p5ti]74 ,wood-engrav+ by ,f>let4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,gu/ave ,,dor4 ,process block1 f a ,li?ograph4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,d4 ,,vi]ge4 ,,f ,,pablo ,,de ,s,,govie 7,,fi%] ,,unw974 ,9 ,alphonse de ,neuville's ,c\ps de ,fusil1 "o w f9d mo/ delightful r5d]+s ( ! late w>1 :ile _m ( 8 illu/rations to ,guizot's ,hi/ory ( ,france1 or ,en ,campagne are sup]b4 ,8 rival & successor1 ,detaille1 has c>ri$ on ! milit>y tradition v well 9 ,l',arme ,franaise1 :i* conta9s ! be/ illu/rations ( any sort t he ev] did4 ,p4 ,g4 ,jeanniot also has done excell5t "w 9 ! same field1 b 8 /udies ( ,p>isian types are probably /ill m successful4 ,! be/ "w ( all is probably conta9$ 9 ,d5tu's edition ( ,t>t>9 de ,t>ascon4 ,l4 ,lh]mitte1 too1 has made "s /rik+ draw+s 9 *>coal1 bo? = reproduction by photography & = engrav+ on wood1 especially 9 ,la ,vie ,ru/ique1 :]e ! designs 7 extraord9>ily well engrav$4 ,jean ,paul ,laur5s heads a long li/ ( pa9t]s :o h made _m pictures 9 black & :ite = ! illu/ration ( books1 b mo/ ( !m are dull] z illu/rators ?an pa9t]s4 ,maurice ,leloir & ,v4 ,a4 ,poirson h illu/rat$ ! ,s5tim5tal ,j\rney1 ! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 & "s o!r ,engli% books1 ?\gh _! po9t ( view is always t ( ! ,fr5*man :o kn[s little ab\t ,engl&2 _! draw+s 7 reproduc$ ma9ly by photogravure1 ) small blocks pr9t$ 9 col\r1 or black & :ite process1 int]sp]s$4 ,ab\t #ahhj an illu/rat$ !atrical j\rnal 0 />t$1 ,les ,premires ,illu/res1 & 9 ?is ,f4 ,lunel1 ,f]n& ,fau1 ,l4 ,galice1 ,g4 ,ro*egrosse1 & ,a4 ,f4 ,g\rget did rem>kable "w4 ,"s ( ! pa9t]s1 too1 h all[$ _! sket*-books to be us$1 & f !m books ( travel h be5 manufactur$1 b ^! are h>dly to be consid]$ s]i\sly z illu/rations1 z !y 7 n specially made = ! works :i* conta9 !m4 ,daniel ,vi]ge's ,pablo de ,sgovie1 ?\gh ! "w ( a ,spani>d1 has = twelve ye>s held its own z ! be/ example ( p5 draw+ = process reproduction publi%$ 9 ,france4 ,foll[+1 a long way beh9d1 come m5 l ,h5ri ,pille & ,ed\>d ,t\d\ze4 ,! developm5t ( ! ,guillaume half-tone process produc$ ! curi\s s]ies ( little books kn[n "u t title2 & also ! l>g] s]ies :i* conta9$ ,madame ,*rysan?me & ,franois le ,*ampi1 books :i* made tone-process 9 ,france1 & also ! reputation ( ,myrba* & ,rossi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,l\is ,,mor94 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,l',,art ,,et ,l',,id,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,c>los ,,s*wabe4 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,zola',s ,,le ,r,,ve4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,eug5e ,,grasset4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,les ,,quatre ,,fils ,d',,aymon 7,,p>is74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,eug5e ,,grasset4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,les ,,quatre ,,fils ,d',,aymon 7,,p>is74 ,sev]al f9e & limit$ editions h be5 publi%$ lately1 illu/rat$ by ,alb]t ,lyn*1 ,mme4 ,lemaire1 & ,paul ,avril1 su* z ! ,dame aux ,camlias2 :ile ,octave ,uzanne's s]ies on fans & fa%ions 7 a great success4 ,s1 too1 are _m ( ! books issu$ by ,conquet4 ,robida's designs = ,rabelais virtually sup]s$$ ^? ( ,dor1 & he foll[$ up ! success ( ?is book ) a numb] ( o!rs :i* h gradually deg5]at$ 9 quality4 ,l\is ,mor91 :o is au?or z well z arti/2 ,e4 ,grasset1 :o1 n cont5t ) ?is1 is an ar*itect too1 & ^: ,quatre ,fils d',aymon %\ld be se5 z a beautiful piece ( col\r-pr9t+2 & ,georges ,auriol h done extremely good "w 9 _! diff]5t ways4 ,flici5 ,rops is a man :o /&s ap>t f all o!r illu/rators2 he possesses a /yle & individuality s m>k$ t1 at times1 x is n easy to obta9 any ( 8 books1 s c>efully are !y wat*$ by t ,c]b]us ( ! press3 ! social puritan1 :o nev] fails to see any?+ to :i* he c possibly f9d objection4 ,f ! my/ic ,rops1 h sprung1 "o might almo/ say1 ev5 m my/ic ,rosicrucians1 head$ by ,c>los ,s*wabe1 :o has produc$1 9 ,le ,rve ( ,zola1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & ref9$ books1 despite its disgraceful pr9t+1 ev] issu$ f ! ,fr5* press4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,l\is ,,mor94 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,l',,art ,,et ,l',,id,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,,jacquem>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,raffa,,lli4 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,p>is ,,illu/r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,b\tet ,,de ,,monvel4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,jeanne ,d',,arc 7,,p>is1 ,,plon74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,h4 ,,ibels4 ,,f ,l',,art ,,du ,,rire ,,et ,,c>icature4 ,b less my/ical1 &1 possibly1 ev5 m beautifully drawn1 are "s ( ,luc ,ollivi] ,m]son's designs1 notably ^? = ,victor ,hugo's works3 a *>m+ s]ies ( draw+s1 et*$1 ,i ?9k1 by ,lalauze--to ! national edition ( ,hugo almo/ e ,fr5* pa9t] has contribut$--& ! m my/ic b less accompli%$ ,son is ano!r ( ! same gr\p2 :ile ! late/ & mo/ advanc$ are ! ,veb]s4 ,! li/ ( really clev] m5 is long4 ,m>*etti & ,t(ani1 ,italians1 ^: "w1 cont9ually se5 9 ! supplem5ts to ,l',illu/ration1 is engrav$ ) ! greate/ *>m & di/9ction2 ,raffalli1 :o1 ?\gh he draws b little n[1 has decorat$ dur+ ! la/ fifte5 ye>s "s ( ! mo/ notable ,fr5* books4 ,giacomelli1 ,ri\1 ,bay>d1 ,ha5n51 ,adrian ,m>ie1#ah ,metivet1 :o are will+1 at a mom5t's notice1 to make y a draw+1 (t5 di/+ui%$1 ( any subject1 no matt] :e!r !y h se5 x or n1 ?\gh ,giacomelli is be/ kn[n = 8 r5d]+s ( birds & fl[]s1 (t5 v *>m+2 ,hab]t ,dys & ,felix ,rgamey1 :o h adapt$ ! me?ods ( ,japan to _! own ne$s2 ,paul ,r5\>d ^: "w is1 z x %\ld be1 appreciat$ 9 ,engl&1 & :o has ! di/9ction1 :5 any important ev5t is com+ (f 9 ?is c\ntry1 to be commission$ by ! ,graphic to cross ! ,*annel & d x2 ,b\tet de ,monvel1 ^: books = *ildr5 h ga9$ him a _w-wide reputation2 ! long li/ ( del9eators ( "*1 co/ume1 & c>icature :o weekly fill ! light] pap]s3 ,ibels1 ! decad5t ( decad5ts1 ,c>an d',a*e1 ,willette1 ,/e9le91 ,m>s1 ,legr&1 ,=a91 ,job1 ,guillaume1 & ,c\rbo91 ^: "w c be se5 m or less badly reproduc$ e week 9 ! comic pap]s to :i* !y contribute4 ,c>an d',a*e has made himself1 "o might almo/ pr$ict1 a la/+ reputation ) 8 ,c\rses dans l',antiquit1 8 ,c>net de ,*ques1 & 8 v>i\s o!r ,albums4 ,a4 ,willette1 :5 n play+ at politics1 is s]i\sly work+ at 8 adv5tures ( ,pi]rot4 ,/e9le91 9 8 illu/rations to ,bruant's ,dans la ,rue1 probably did z mu* z ! au?or to make kn[n ! life ( ,batignolles4 ,m>s rules ! fa%ions ( ! prov9ces1 :ile if "o 7 to take ,=a9's ,albums z absolutely typical ( ,fr5* morals1 ,france c]ta9ly w\ld seem ! mo/ di/ressful c\ntry on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,to ,grasset & ,*ret1 ,lautrec & ,auriol h fall5 ! task ( look+ aft] ! s-call$ decorative "p ( ,fr5* "w4 ,b ! fact t n only ^! m5 w d y a po/]1 a cov] design1 a head1 or a tail-piece1 b t almo/ all o!rs w too1 is a positive pro( t decoration _c be sep>at$ f illu/ration1 & also t all true arti/s are decorators4 #ah ,adrian ,m>ie & ,emile ,bay>d di$ lately4 ,among wood-engrav]s1 ,baude & ,florian hold ! =emo/ place z reproductive arti/s1 :ile ,lepre /&s q ap>t1 a brilliant _m-sid$ man1 at once draughtsman1 engrav]1 et*]1 & pa9t]1 a true craftsman 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,ano!r man1 ,f4 ,valloton1 is mak+ an endeav\r to revive orig9al wood-cutt+1 & ?\gh b few ( 8 cuts are any?+ l s good z ,entrrem5t en ,prov9ce1 he is ! lead] ( a movem5t :i* may result 9 ! resurrection1 or inde$ ! creation ( an orig9al art ( wood-cutt+4 ,b ?is desire ( arti/s to engrave & pr9t _! own "w is gr[+ 9 ,france1 z may be se5 9 su* a collection z ,e/ampe ,orig9ale4 ,pannemack] & 8 foll[]s h be5 ! mo/ popul>1 & _! influ5ce has be5 felt1 sometimes ) di/9ction1 9 all *eap ,fr5* wood-engrav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,h4 ,,ibels4 ,,f ,l',,art ,,du ,,rire ,,et ,,c>icature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,/e9l54 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,col\r$ ,,pr9t ,,9 ,,gil ,,blas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,/e9l54 ,,reproduc$ ,,f ,a ,,col\r$ ,,pr9t ,,9 ,,gil ,,blas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,,willette4 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,les ,,pi]rots 7,,vani]74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,c>an ,d',,a*e4 ,,f ,,album 7,,p>is1 ,,plon74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,robida4 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,j\rnal ,d',,un ,,tr,s ,,vieux ,,g>,,on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,,willette4 ,,f ,,les ,,pi]rots 7,,vani]74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,=a94 ,,f ,,la ,,com,,die ,,p>isi5ne 7,,*>p5ti]74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,p4 ,,r5\>d4 ,,*alk ,,draw+4 ,,f ,,! ,,graphic4 ,aft] enum]at+ ?is long li/1 x seems z if ,i _h contradict$ my own r pessimi/ic view ( illu/ration 9 ,france4 ,i d n ?9k s4 ,x is true t ! arti/s1 ?\gh few 9 numb]1 are 9 ! c\ntry1 b to-day ! opportunities = !m to express _! art are lack+3 z a pro(1 ! only book devot$ solely to ,fr5* illu/ration :i* has ev] appe>$ has j be5 publi%$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,lalanne4 ,,f ,a ,,p5cil ,,draw+4 7,,fr5*47 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,illu/ration ,,9 ,,g]many1 ,,spa91 ,,& ,,o!r ,,c\ntries4 ,9 writ+ ^u draw+ on ! ,cont95t1 ,i h h]et(ore f\nd x only necess>y to classify illu/rators "u ?ree nationalities4 ,9 discuss+ illu/ration x seems to me t ?is "q ( nationality c be ev5 fur!r simplifi$4 ,italy & ,spa9 h n produc$ a s+le orig9al illu/rat$ book ( real importance4 ,al?\gh sev]al ( ! =emo/ illu/rators ( ! day 7 born 9 "o or ! o!r ( ^! c\ntries & p>tially educat$ !re1 !y h left _! native l& z quickly z possible1 = ,france or = ,g]many4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,m>t9 ,,rico4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,9 ,italy ! important publi%+ h\se ( ! ,fratelli ,trevs1 9 ,milan1 has made _m attempts to br+ out f9e books1 ! works ( de ,amicis be+ among _! be/-kn[n productions1 b ?is importance comes f _! lit]>y r ?an arti/ic side2 & ,i am n aw>e t ! ,fratelli ,trevs h ev] done any?+ to surpass ! ,c'era una ,volta ( ,luigi ,capuana1 illu/rat$ by ,montalti1 publi%$ 9 #ahhe1 a mo/ extraord9>y example ( ! skilful use ( papi] ,gillot1 or scrat* pap]4 ,! ,fratelli ,trevs issue a l>ge numb] ( magaz9es & pap]s1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( good newsy wood-engrav+ is se5 9 ^!1 process hav+ be5 almo/ entirely giv5 up1 especially 9 ! lead+ illu/rat$ ,italian weekly1 ,l',illu/razion ,italiana4 ,9 ,spa9 ,i "k ( no notable illu/rat$ books publi%$ ( late4 ,i may be lab\r+ "u a mi/ake1 b ,i mu/ frankly admit t ,i h nev] he>d (1 or se5 any4#ai ,if !y d exi/ ,i %\ld be only too glad to h !m br\ght to my notice4 ,b !re are two v good illu/rat$ pap]s1 ,illu/racion ,espanola y ,am]icana & ,illu/racion ,arti/ica4 ,to bo?1 ,=tuny1 ,rico1 ,vi]ge1 & ,casanova--especially ,rico--h contribut$ important draw+s4 ,^! j\rnals are n[ almo/ entirely us+ wood-engrav+s1 "s ( :i* are v good inde$4 ,!y are ma9ly1 h[ev]1 reproductions ( ! typical ,spani% hi/orical1 or /ory-tell+1 ma*9e :i* is turn$ out ) su* facility by a l>ge numb] ( ,spani>ds4 ,b ! bulk ( ! "w is made up ( cli*s f ,am]ican pap]s & magaz9es1 9 :i* matt] ,i f9d t ev5 ,i h prov$ a useful m9e4 #ai ,see note p4 #gh4 ,dut* books are n rem>kable4 ,"h & !re a good draw+ may be f\nd 9 a magaz9e call$ ,elsevir4 ,?\gh 9 ,holl& !re is an arti/1 ,h4 ,j4 ,icke1 :o1 9 8 /udies f ! old ma/]s 9 p5 & ink1 ev9ces a p[] & brilliancy only equall$ by reproductive et*]s l ,mr4 ,hole1 ,mr4 ,macbe?1 or ,mr4 ,%ort4 ,! same is true ( ,belgium4 ,au/ria & ,hung>y h little to %[1 _! illu/rators1 l ,myrba*1 ,m>old1 & ,vogel1 com+ to ,p>is1 or s5d+ _! "w to ,muni*1 = ! publi%]s ma9ly ignore _! own arti/s1 & ei!r s5d abroad = _! designs1 or borr[ & adapt f o!r m5's "w ) a recklessness :i* is *>m+4 ,& yet1 ! only int]national black-&-:ite exhibition 0 held 9 ,vi5na a few ye>s ago2 :ile "o ( ! be/ photo-engrav+ firms 9 ! _w1 ,messrs4 ,&]] & ,gs*l1 are locat$ !re4 ,russia & ,sc&9avia are equally un=tunate 9 ! matt] ( illu/rat$ books1 all ( ! arti/s ( ^! c\ntries be+ 9 ,p>is1 ,london1 or ,new ,york1 & _! "w only f9ds its way back to _! native c\ntries z cli*s4 ,m5 l ,*elm9ski1 ,edelfelt1 ,rp9e1 ,prani%nik(f really owe all _! reputation1 n to _! native l&1 b to ! c\ntry ( _! adoption4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,h4 ,,tegn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,,by ,,hans ,,tegn]4 ,,f ,,holb]g',s ,,com$ies 7,,bojes5s74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,adolph ,,m5zel4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o little c\ntry t des]ves m ?an a ^w ( m5tion1 & ?is is ,d5m>k4 ,= x c boa/ an illu/rator ( individuality & "*1 ,hans ,tegn]4 ,8 draw+s = ! jubilee edition ( ,holb]g's ,com$ies1 publi%$ 9 ,cop5hag5 9 #ahhd to #ahhh1 mu/ be rank$ z ma/]pieces ( graphic art4 ,?\gh evid5tly bas$ on ! /yle ( ,m5zel & ,meissoni]1 !y are q individual2 especially 9 ! r5d]+ ( int]iors cr[d$ ) p he has surpass$ any liv+ illu/rator4 ,?is book is also int]e/+ f ! fact t :ile x 0 be+ produc$ ! *ange 0 made f facsimile wood-engrav+ to process1 & ?\gh ! engrav+ ( ,h5dricks5 & ,bork is excell5t1 ! process blocks 9 "s ways are ev5 m int]e/+4 ,! decorations to ^! volumes1 head & tail-pieces1 are z atroci\sly bad z ,tegn]'s illu/rations 9 ! text are good4 ,!re are also a numb] ( less] arti/s1 ,danes & ,norwegians1 :o h done good "w1 b to "n !m w\ld m]ely be to make a catalogue1 z _! "w is nev] se5 "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,goya4 ,,f ,,caprices4 ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury ,g]man illu/ration has be5 absolutely dom9at$ by ,m5zel4 ,n only has he be5 ! lead+ _s 9 8 own c\ntry1 :e!r he 0 influ5c$ orig9ally by ,meissoni] or n1 b he has himself influ5c$ ! entire _w ( illu/rators1 8 draw+s hav+ be5 receiv$ ) rapture & applause by arti/s :]ev] !y h be5 %[n4 ,&1 mo/ int]e/+ ( all1 he is a man :o has be5 p]fectly able1 ?r\gh\t 8 long life1 to adapt himself to ! v>i\s radical *anges & developm5ts :i* h be5 br\ght ab\t 9 reproduction & pr9t+4 ,comm5c+ ) li?ography1 he produc$ ! amaz+ s]ies ( draw+s ( ! uni=ms ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 ,next1 tak+ up draw+ on wood1 he introduc$ exquisite facsimile "w into 8 own c\ntry1 educat+ 8 own engrav]s1 ,unzelmann1 ,b5twor? & ! ,vogels1 9 8 edition ( ! ,works ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 ,lat] on he drew mu* m l>gely & boldly = ! ,cru*e ,casse1 :i* 0 freely int]pret$ on wood4 ,& n[ he has s arrang$ 8 beautiful draw+s 9 p5cil & *alk t !y come p]fectly by process4 ,he is a man :o recognizes fully t we h n got to ! end ( art1 b t unless we are ev] pu%+ onw>d1 & /riv+ = improvem5ts1 we may v easily get to ! end ( ourselves4 ,he looks backw>d = no?+ b design2 he looks =w>d to ! p]fection ( ev]y?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,goya4 ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,draw+ 7,a ,,portrait ,,( ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,well+ton7 ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,=tuny4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,joseph ,,sattl]4 ,,f ,,! ,,dance ,,( ,,dea? 7,,grevel74 ,foll[+ ,m5zel1 & enc\rag$ by ,flieg5de ,bltt]1 :i* />t$ 9 ! e>ly =ties1 came ,wilhelm ,dietz1 ^: /udies ( armies on ! m>*1 & ( peasants at "w or at play1 are inimitable4 ,he1 too1 has be5 foll[$ by ,rob]t ,haug & ,h]mann ,lud]s4 ,dietz 0 ! ma9/ay = ye>s ( ,flieg5de ,bltt]1 ! only weekly comic pap] ( :i* x c be said1 t dur+ ! half c5tury ( its exi/5ce x has be5 n only at ! head ( its contempor>ies1 b has on ! arti/ic side left f> beh9d any pret5d$ rival4 ,g]many has = ! la/ half c5tury1 too1 possess$ a rem>kable s*ool ( int]pretative wood-engrav]s3 m5 :o h be5 able to take a l>ge picture1 :i* !y h ei!r drawn on ! wood !mselves or _h drawn = !m1 & produce out ( x an excell5t r5d]+1 :i* w\ld pr9t p]fectly 9 black & :ite1 "u ! rapid requirem5ts ( a /eam-press4 ,! "w ( ^! engrav]s c be se5 any week 9 ! ,illu/rirte ,zeitung1 ,ub] ,l& und ,me]1 & ! o!r weeklies4 ,wood-engrav+ has be5 treat$ z a s]i\s pr(ession = ye>s 9 ,g]many1 z a ,pr(essor%ip ( ! art 0 held 9 ! ,b]l9 ,academy be=e ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury by ,j4 ,f4 ,g4 ,ung]1 :o di$ 9 #ahjd4 ,ev5 9 ,vi5na1 a ,pr(essor%ip has be5 e/abli%$ = _m ye>s4 ,! tr\ble ) ,g]man wood-engrav]s1 h[ev]1 has be5 t mo/ ( ! "w1 ?\gh sign$ by ! "n ( "o man1 is produc$ really by ano!r4 ,f "o ( ^! engrav+ %ops1 t ( ,braun & ,s*neid]1 issu$ a ye> aft] its e/abli%m5t ,flieg5de ,bltt]1 9 #ahdd4 ,save = ,m5zel1 mo/ ( ! "w 9 ! middle ( ! c5tury 0 ( t heavy1 pomp\s1 pond]\s sort :i* we call ,g]man1 &1 ?\gh good 9 its way1 is n[ well =gott54 ,! be/-kn[n ( all ^! %ops 0 t ( ,ri*>d ,br5d'am\r1 :o s9ce #ahef has be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,dusseldorf1 ?\gh he has bran*es--an arti/ ) bran*es6--9 ,b]l91 ,leipzig1 ,/uttg>t1 ,muni*1 & ,brunswick4 ,/ill1 z he seems to h be5 able to get an extremely good set ( appr5tices & workm51 :o 7 ! real arti/s1 a great am\nt ( v int]e/+ "w has be5 turn$ out1 & cli*s f 8 excell5t blocks h be5 us$ all ov] ! _w4 ,"o sort ( decorative design1 develop$ by a ,g]man1 or1 ,i presume1 a ,pole1 ,paul ,konewka1 ?\gh 8 "w1 01 ,i believe1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,cop5hag51 is ! silh\ette2 ,konewka has _h imitators ev]y:]e1 b none ( !m h surpass$ him4 ,8 edition ( ,fau/ is "o ( ! be/-kn[n examples4 ,ret*e's outl9e draw+s = ,%akespe>e are also good4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,de ,,nittis4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,p>is ,,illu/r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,w4 ,,bus*4 ,,f ,,baldu9 ,,bahlamm 7,,muni*1 ,,bass]mann74 ,foll[+ ! classical tradition ( ,ov]beck & ,kaulba*1 b *ang+ x r into my/icism & decad5ce ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,bckl91 & probably ! pre-,raphaelites 9 ,engl&1 has be5 develop$ a s*ool ( my/ical decorators :o are unequall$1 unappreciat$ & curi\sly unkn[n outside ( _! own c\ntry4 ,! *ief ( ^! m5 is ,max ,kl+]4 ,l 8 ma/]1 ,bckl91 & l ,s*wabe 9 ,france1 he br+s bo? 8 my/icism & 8 draw+ up to date1 & makes no attempt to bol/] up faulty design & incomplete te*nique by primitiv5ess1 or qua9tness1 or ar*aism4 ,= 8 illu/rations ,kl+] usually makes an elaborate s]ies ( p5 draw+s1 & !n et*es f ^!4 ,! only example :i* ,i "k ( 9 ,engl& available = /udy is a copy ( ! ,apuleius :i* is 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & ?is is n by any means "o ( 8 mo/ successful books1 z ! et*+s are h>d & tight1 & ! inh>moni\s decorations :i* surr\nd ! small pr9ts 9 ! text are crude & unsatisfactory4 ,to "k ,kl+]'s "w "o mu/ visit ! ,pr9t ,rooms 9 ! ,museums ( ,b]l9 & ,dresd54 ,ano!r gr\p h devot$ !mselves to li?ography4 ,h4 ,?oma 9 ?is has be5 probably ! mo/ successful1 b 9 ! exhibition held ?is ye> 9 ,vi5na he 0 closely foll[$ by ,otto ,gre9]1 ,w4 ,/e9haus51 & ,max ,dasio4 ,_! "w may be se5 9 ,neue ,li?ographem1 by ,max ,leh]s1 publi%$ 9 ,vi5na4 ,:e!r !re are two or ?ree m5 ( ! "n ( ,franz ,/uck :o draw1 or :e!r x is ! same ,franz ,/uck :o produces ! my/ic arrangem5ts & ! burlesques ( !m1 ! decorative vignettes & ! absurd c>icatures 9 ,flieg5de ,bltt]1 ,i d n "k4 ,i only d "k t x is all v well wor? /udy1 & v amus+ & int]e/+4 ,bus* & ,ob]lnd]1 ,megg5dorf]1 & ,h5gl]1 are names s well kn[n t _! m]e m5tion raises a laugh1 & t1 if any?+1 is ! mission ( ^? arti/s3 :ile ,h>burg]'s & ,all]'s m>vell\s /udies ( "*1 & ,r5 ,re9ecke's exquisite r5d]+s 9 wa% ( fa%ionable life1 m>vell\sly engrav$ by ,/roebel1 c be se5 e week pr9t$ 9 ! pages ( ,flieg5de ,bltt] & o!r pap]s4 ,! works ( ,hacklnd]1 publi%$ 9 ,/uttg>t1 h be5 illu/rat$ ma9ly by process by t clev] b& ( arti/s ( :om ,s*littg51 ,albre*t1 ,m>old1 ,vogel1 & o!rs are s mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,! ,g]man mon?ly magaz9es1 l ,daheim1 ,kun/ fr ,alle1 ,felz und ,me]1 ,die ,graphis*5 ,kun/e1 etc41 are v notable1 especially ,kun/ fr ,alle1 :i* seems to me to be ab\t ! be/-conduct$ art magaz9e 9 ! _w4 ,altoge!r ! arts ( illu/ration & reproduction1 & ! bus9ess ( publi%+1 9 ,g]many are app>5tly 9 a mo/ heal?y condition4 ,x c\ld sc>cely be o!rwise1 h[ev]1 :5 we consid] t "o ( ! greate/ illu/rators 9 ! _w is /ill alive & at "w !re1 z well z ! mo/ curi\s my/ics1 ! mo/ amus+ comic draughtsm51 & ! mo/ consci5ti\s & clev] reali/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,et*+ ,,by ,,goya4 ,,f ,,caprices4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dea? ,,! ,,fri5d4 ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,by ,,re!l4 ,,r$uc$ ,,f ,a ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,by ,h4 ,,burkn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,h4 ,,s*littg54 ,,f ,,e9 ,,er/] ,,und ,,e9 ,,letzt] ,,ball 7,,/uttg>t1 ,,krabbe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,m>old4 ,,f ,,zwis*5 ,,zwei ,,reg5 7,,/uttg>t1 ,,krabbe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,franz ,,/,,ck4 ,,f ,,bi]baum',s ,,franz ,,/,,ck1 ,,muni* 7,,alb]t ,,& ,,co474 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,g>cia ,y ,,ramos4 ,,gipsy ,,dance4 ,process block1 f p5 & wa% draw+4 ,note4--,a rec5t visit to ,spa9 %[s me to be q mi/ak5 9 ?is matt]4 ,a v f9e book has lately be5 publi%$ 9 ,b>celona by a ,seville arti/1 ,f4 ,g>cia y ,ramos1 ,la ,ti]ra di ,m>ia ,santissima1 & ?\gh ,seor ,g>cia y ,ramos is greatly indebt$ to ,=tuny1 ,rico & ,vi]ge1 he has made a v notable s]ies ( designs2 he has also contribut$ sev]al draw+s to a comp>atively new ,spani% pap]1--,blanco y ,negro--:i* has pr9t$ v good "w by a gr\p ( "y m5 9 ,madrid1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( :om is ,seor ,hu]tas4 ,ano!r arti/ on ! /aff is ,jim9ez ,luc5a2 he is reali/ically decorative4 ,! mo/ popul> man 9 ,spa91 aft] ! arti/s ( ,la ,lidia 7! organ ( ! ,bull ,r+71 is ,angel ,pons1 :o1 h[ev]1 is b an e*o ( ,c>an d',a*e4 ,la ,lidia is illu/rat$ entirely by li?ography & 9 col\r2 ! designs1 (t5 full ( g & life1 are ! "w ( ,d4 ,p]ea4 ,i f9d1 too1 t ! ,fr5* "w ( #ahcj 0 se5 & kn[n 9 ,spa91 t "s books 7 produc$ 9 ! /yle ( ,paul & ,virg9ia1 ) draw+s by ,spani>ds1 ?\gh ,i imag9e !y 7 all engrav$ ei!r 9 ,p>is1 or by ,fr5* engrav]s :o w5t to ,spa94 ,! "w1 h[ev]1 is b a rem9isc5ce ( ! ,fr5*1 & simply curi\s z %[+ ! p[] ( ! ,romantici/s1 b m especially ( ,meissoni] z an illu/rator4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! books is ,spani% ,sc5es1 illu/rat$ by ,lamey]1 engrav$ by ,g4 ,f]n&ez1 r 9 ! mann] ( ,gav>ni4 ,b !re is "o ,spani>d :o z an illu/rator is unkn[n1 at lea/ to arti/s--= he only produc$ "o set ( designs = publication--b :o is univ]sally kn[n 9 almo/ e o!r bran* ( art1 ,f4 ,goya4 ,! only widely publi%$ & g5]ally circulat$ publications1 ! bank-notes ( ,spa91 are ! "w ( ?is arti/1 & !y reflect little cr$it on him4 ,8 et*+s are to be f\nd 9 all great gall]ies2 b1 int]e/+ z !y are1 !y give no idea ( ! amaz+ draw+s 9 *alk1 wa%1 & ink1 9 :i* m$iums !y 7 produc$4 ,ev5 9 ,madrid ! orig9als are b little kn[n2 ! great] numb] are 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,prado1 ! ,national ,museum1 inaccessible to ! ord9>y visitor3 b a small selection1 undescrib$1 & n ev5 9 ! catalogue1 are plac$ ^u a revolv+ scre5 9 ! ,room ( ,draw+s2 b z ?is is almo/ always clos$1 mo/ p leave ,madrid )\t ev5 be+ aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! greate/ treasures possess$ by ! museum aft] ! ,velasquez4 ,on ?is scre5 are ! designs = ! bull-fights1 admirably describ$ by ,t4 ,gauti]1 9 8 ,voyage en ,espagne1 f ! lit]>y arti/'s po9t ( view1 b f ! arti/ic /&-po9t1 !y are q ! mo/ un9t]e/+ ( all1 & d n 9 ! slighte/ express ! great passion ,goya is said to h always %[n = ! noble/ sport 9 ! _w4 ,x is r to ! exquisite designs 9 r$ *alk = ! ,sc5es ( ,invasion1 t "o sees him at 8 be/4 ,"h he is ! direct desc5dant ( ,callot1 only !re is a p[] 9 8 "w t ,callot nev] possess$4 ,x is1 ,i am n[ c]ta91 f ^! designs t ,vi]ge obta9$ _m ( 8 ideas--al?\gh !y are work$ out 9 an entirely diff]5t fa%ion4 ,! draw+s = ! ,caprices are 9 p5 & wa%1 & are z mu* f9] ?an ! aquat9ts made f !m1 z ! aquat9ts are sup]ior to ! c>icatures ( any ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,z ,goya pass$1 an exile1 ! latt] "p ( 8 life 9 ,france1 8 "w mu/ h be5 kn[n to ! m5 ( #ahcj4 ,he di$ 9 #ahbh1 j z ! few li?ographs he has left %[ t he 0 aw>e ( ! "w ( ,delacroix 9 t newly inv5t$ art4 ,/ill1 ,goya _c be call$ an illu/rator1 = none ( 8 "w 0 publi%$ z illu/ration2 yet1 at ! same "t1 x is s well adapt$ to t end t x is p]fectly incompreh5sible t ^! draw+s h n only nev] be5 publi%$1 b ,i am in=m$ !y h nev] ev5 be5 photograph$4 ,! two t are 9 ?is book are f ! ,caprices1 ^? ( ! ,invasion are too delicate to /& ! necess>y r$uction4 ,! portrait ( ,well+ton 9 r$ *alk is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,wyllie1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,magaz9e ,,( ,,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,nor?4 ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,wood ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,engli% ,,illu/ration4 ,x is 9 ,engl& alone1 t illu/ration1 l _m o!r ?+s1 has be5 tak5 s]i\sly4 ,pond]\s volumes h be5 writt5 ab\t x1 z well z clev] essays4 ,x seem$ at fir/ sight r unnecess>y to repeat :at has be5 said s well by ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson1 = example1 9 8 *apt] on mod]n illu/rat$ books 9 ,mr4 ,lang's ,libr>y1 especially z he has add$ a po/script to ! edition ( #ahib :i* is suppos$ to br+ 8 essay up to t date4 ,b !re are o!r ways ( look+ at ! matt]1 & ,i h tri$ n to repeat :at ,mr4 ,dobson has said1 nor yet to tr5* ^u ! pres]ves ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,g4 ,h>p] & ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 or ,mr4 ,blackburn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,hugh ,,?omson4 ,,f ,,our ,,village 7,,macmillan74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,r&olph ,,caldecott4 ,,f ,,! ,,elegy ,,on ,a ,,mad ,,dog 7,,r\tl$ge74 ,x appe>s to me1 t be=e discuss+ ! ,engli% illu/rators ( to-day1 x might be well to take a glance at ! /ate ( ,engli% illu/ration4 ,engli% illu/ration has dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s suff]$ trem5d\sly f ov]-writ+ & indiscrim9ate praise & blame4 ,i suppose t among arti/s & p ( any arti/ic appreciation1 x is g5]ally admitt$ by ?is "t t ! greate/ bulk ( ! works ( ,phiz1 ,cruik%ank1 ,doyle1 & ev5 _m ( ,lee*'s designs are simply rubbi%1 & t ! reputation ( ^! m5 0 made by critics ^: names & works are absolutely =gott51 or else1 by ,?ack]ay1 ,dick5s1 & ,tom ,taylor1 ^: books !y illu/rat$1 & :o _h absolutely no intellig5t k ( art1 _! "o idea be+ to log-roll _! fri5ds & illu/rators4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t "s ( ,doyle's designs1 l ^? 9 ,br[n1 ,jones1 & ,rob9son1 7 extremely amus+1 ?\gh too (t5 8 r5d]+ ( "* 0 brutal1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,d9n] at ,gre5wi* 9 ! ,cornhill ,s]ies4 ,te*nically1 !re is little to /udy1 ev5 9 8 mo/ successful draw+s4 ,lee*'s fund ( hum\r 0 no d\bt inexhau/ible1 b "o _c help feel+ to-day t 8 "w _c = a mom5t be comp>$ to t ( ,*>les ,ke5e4 ,"s ( 8 be/-kn[n designs1 ! man 9 a hot ba? = in/ance1 prais$ by ,mr4 ,dobson may be amus+1 b ! subject is q z horrible z a ,middle ,age purgatory4 ,lee* 0 ! successor 9 ?is "w ( ,gillray & ,r[l&son1 & ?\gh 8 designs appeal$ v /rongly to ! la/ g5]ation1 !y d n equal ^? ( ,r&olph ,caldecott1 done 9 mu* ! same sort ( way4 ,?\gh "s ( ! editions conta9+ ! engrav+s f ^! m5's draw+s sell = fabul\s prices1 on acc\nt ( _! r>ity1 "o may pur*ase to-day = almo/ ! price ( old pap]1 lovely little engrav+s aft] ,birket ,fo/]1 & ! o!r foll[]s ( ! ,turn] s*ool2 :ile draw+s aft] ,sir ,john ,gilb]t1 & lat]1 ,:i/l]1 ,s&ys1 ,boyd ,h\ghton1 ,ke5e1 ,du ,mauri]1 ,small1 ,%ields1 & ! o!r m5 :o made ,once a ,week1 ,good ,words1 & ! ,%ill+ ,magaz9e1 really ! mo/ important art j\rnals ,engl& has ev] se51 c be pick$ up 9 _m old book-%ops = comp>atively no?+4 ,( ! be/ p]iod ( ,engli% illu/ration !re are b few ( ! really good books t _c be pur*as$ =1 at ! pres5t "t1 less ?an _! orig9al price4 ,& only ! works ( "o pa9t] :o did illu/rate to any ext5t1 ,rossetti1 comm& an appreciable value4 ,= ?is1 ! =tunate possessors ( 8 draw+s h to ?ank ,mr4 ,rusk91 :o1 himself1 is by no means a poor illu/rator4 ,"s ( 8 "w 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,/ones ( ,v5ice1 ,examples ( ,v5etian ,ar*itecture1 is excell5t1 :ile 8 orig9al draw+s at ,ox=d are wor? ! mo/ c>eful /udy4 ,_m ( ,rossetti's designs are1 x is true1 v beautiful1 & probably o!rs 72 "o c see t f1 ! few :i* 7 nev] engrav$4 ,b ! bulk ( 8 draw+s are c]ta9ly n s good z ^? :i* sev]al p work+ 9 ,london are produc+ to-day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,turn]4 ,,f ,,rog]s' ,,italy1 #ahcj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,r&olph ,,caldecott4 ,,f ,,bracebridge ,,hall 7,,macmillan1 #ahgg74 ,:ile ! magaz9es ,i h m5tion$ 7 be+ publi%$1 ! ,graphic 0 />t$ 9 #ahgj1 tak+ on its /aff mo/ ( ! =emo/ arti/s ( ! day1 ,fildes1 ,holl1 ,gregory1 ,h\ghton1 ,l9ton1 ,h]kom]1 ,p9well1 ,gre51 ,woods1 ,s4 ,p4 ,hall2 & ab\t ! same date ,walt] ,crane made 8 f> too little kn[n designs = *ildr5's books--,k+ ,luckieboy's ,p>ty1 ! ,baby's ,op]a1 ! ,baby's ,b\quet1 & ! _m o!rs--:i* h be5 n half en\gh appreciat$4 ,9 a measure1 ! same may be said ( ,r&olph ,caldecott's books = *ildr51--! ,h\se t ,jack ,built1 ! ,mad ,dog1 ! ,john ,gilp91 :i*1 ?\gh !y conta9 8 clev]e/ draw+s1 are usually giv5 second>y rank to 8 ,bracebridge ,hall & ,old ,*ri/mas1 ( f> less arti/ic importance4 ,miss ,kate ,gre5away has be5 m =tunate3 h] ,"u ! ,w9d[1 & ! long s]ies t foll[$1 h set ! fa%ion = *ildr51 & h enjoy$ a popul>ity ( :i* !y are n by any means unwor?y4 ,a trifle mann]$ & affect$1 p]haps1 h] illu/rations are full ( ref9$ draw+1 *>m+ col\r1 & pleas+ s5tim5t4 ,^! arti/s1 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,edmund ,evans1 gave col\r-pr9t+ = book illu/ration a /&+ 9 ,engl&1 :ile e "o ( _! books is /amp$ ) a decid$ ,engli% "*4 ,a ,fr5*man1 too1 ,erne/ ,griset1 liv+ "h1 made "s notable draw+s ab\t ?is "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,e4 ,,griset4 ,,f ,,hood',s ,,comic ,,annual 7#ahgh74 ,:5 ,i comm5c$ ?is book ,i h no hesitation 9 admitt+ t my k ( ! really great p]iod ( ,engli% ,illu/ration 0 ( ! vague/ possible description4 ,i knew ( ,good ,words1 ,once a ,week1 & ! ,%ill+ ,magaz9e1 ,dalziel's ,bible ,gall]y1 & a few o!r books1 b ,i _h nev] se5 & nev] ev5 he>d ( ! great mass ( "w produc$ dur+ ^? t5 ye>s2 ev5 n[1 ,i am only sl[ly beg9n+ to le>n ab\t & see some?+ ( x4 ,b a day is com+ :5 ! books issu$ betwe5 #ahfj & #ahgj1 9 ?is c\ntry1 w be s\ght = & treasur$ up1 :5 ! few orig9al draw+s t are /ill 9 exi/5ce w be /riv5 = by collectors1 z !y /ruggle = ,rembr&t's et*+s to-day4 ,! s\rce f :i* ! ,engli% illu/rators ( #ahfj got _! inspiration 0 ,adolph ,m5zel's books2 pre-,raphaelites & all came "u ! influ5ce ( ?is great arti/4 ,! *ange f ! /yle ( ,h>vey1 ,cruik%ank1 ,k5ny ,mead[s1 ,lee* & ,s4 ,read1 to ,rossetti1 ,s&ys1 ,h\ghton1 ,p9well1 ,walk]1 ,millais1 0 almo/ z great z f ! *>act]less /eel engrav+ ( ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury to ! vital "w ( ,bewick4 ,! fir/ ,engli% book to appe> aft] ,m5zel's "w became kn[n1 0 ,william ,all+ham's ,! ,music ,ma/]1 #ahee1 illu/rat$ by ,ar?ur ,hughes1 ,rossetti & ,millais2 ! fir/ book ( t p]iod :i* /ill lives is ,moxon's edition ( ,t5nyson publi%$ 9 #aheg1 conta9+ ,rossetti's draw+s = ,! ,palace ( ,art & ,sir ,galahad2 ,millais' ,/4 ,agnes' ,eve1 & ,holman ,hunt's ,lady ( ,%alott4 ,^! draw+s & a few o!rs h giv5 to ! book a fame1 among illu/rat$ volumes1 :i* x has no "r or claim to4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,millais1 ,,b>t4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,by ,,dalziel4 ,,f ,,good ,,words 7,,isbi/] ,,& ,,co474 ,f> m important & m complete is ,sir ,john ,gilb]t's edition ( ,%akespe>e publi%$ by ,r\tl$ge 9 ?ree volumes1 #aheh to #ahfj4 ,?is edition ( ,%akespe>e has yet1 z a :ole1 to be surpass$4 ,9 #ahei ,once a ,week 0 />t$ by ,bradbury & ,evans1 & ! fir/ volume conta9$ illu/rations by ,h4 ,k4 ,br[ne 7,phiz71 ,g4 ,h4 ,b5nett1 ,w4 ,h>vey1 ,*>les ,ke5e1 ,w4 ,j4 ,lawless1 ,john ,lee*1 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,millais1 ,sir ,john ,t5niel1 ,j4 ,wolf2 ?is is ! v]itable connect+ l9k betwe5 ! "w ( ! pa/ z exemplifi$ by ,h>vey1 & ( ! pres5t by ,ke5e4 ,! next ye>1 #ahfj1 ! ,cornhill appe>$1 = ! fir/ numb] ( :i* ,?ack]ay1 m or less work$ ov] by gho/s1 & engrav]s1 did ! illu/rations to ,lovel ! ,wid[]1 b ,millais 0 call$ 9 = ! second or ?ird numb]1 & !n ,george ,sala4 ,fr$]ick ,s&ys illu/rat$ ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,port5t1 & ! volume ends ) ,millais' spl5did design ,0 x n a lie8 to ,framley ,p>sonage4 ,x is curi\s to note t ei!r ,?ack]ay or ! publi%]s refuse to m5tion ! names ( ! arti/s 9 any way1 only t ,millais & ,sala are all[$ to sign _! designs ) _! monograms4 ,leighton1 ,i imag9e1 contribut$ ! ,great ,god ,pan to ! second volume1 & ,dicky ,doyle began 8 ,bird's ,eye ,views ( ,society 9 ! ?ird1 b x is n until "o is m ?an half way ?r\gh ?is volume t ! initials ,f4 ,w4 appe> on :at are suppos$ to be ,?ack]ay's draw+s--or1 r1 x is n until !n t ! great au?or ackn[l$g$ 8 failure z an illu/rator2 ?\gh1 9 ! ,r\ndab\t ,pap]s1 he admitt$ 8 indebt$ness to ,walk]4 ,! fir/ draw+ sign$ by ,walk] faces p4 #eef1 ,nurse & ,doctor1 & illu/rates ,?ack]ay's ,adv5tures ( ,philip2 ?is is 9 ,may1 #ahfa4 ,good ,words 0 also />t$ 9 #ahfj2 9 x 9 #ahfc ,millais' ,p>ables 7 pr9t$1 z well z "w by ,holman ,hunt1 ,ke5e & ,walk]1 :ile ,a4 ,boyd ,h\ghton1 ,fr$]ick ,s&ys1 ,p9well1 ,nor?1 ,pettie1 ,arm/ead1 ,graham1 & _m o!rs began to come to ! front 9 ?is magaz9e & ,once a ,week4 ,ab\t #ahfe ne>ly z _m good illu/rat$ magaz9es mu/ h be5 issu$ z !re are to-day2 n only 7 ! ?ree ,i h m5tion$ cont9u$1 b ,! ,argosy1 ,! ,sunday ,magaz9e1 & ,! ,%ill+ ,magaz9e1 among o!rs1 pr9t$ f9e "w by all ^! arti/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,,millais1 ,,b>t4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,by ,,dalziel4 ,,f ,,good ,,words 7,,isbi/] ,,& ,,co474 ,! illu/ration 0 done 9 a curi\s1 b v int]e/+ sort ( way4 ,! entire illu/ration began to be und]tak5 by two firms1 ,messrs4 ,dalziel & ,swa9--& ,i believe 9 ! case ( ,good ,words ! same sy/em is /ill c>ri$ on by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,:ymp]4 ,^! firms commission$ ! draw+s f ! arti/s1 & !n engrav$ !m4 ,! me?od seems to h be5 s successful t ! engrav]s1 notably ! ,dalziels1 began n only to employ arti/s to draw = !m1 & to engrave _! designs1 b !y became pr9t]s z well1 & produc$ t set ( books :i* are n[ ! admiration & despair ( ! intellig5t & arti/ic collector4 ,:5 !y 7 pr9t$1 !y 7 sold to a publi%]1 :o m]ely put 8 impr9t on !m4 ,to ?is day !y are kn[n z ,dalziel's ,illu/rat$ ,editions4 ,! fir/ important book ( ?is s]ies t ,i h se5 is ,birket ,fo/]'s ,pictures ( ,engli% ,l&scape1 #ahfc 7,r\tl$ge71 pr9t$ by ,dalziel2 ) ,pictures 9 ,words1 by ,tom ,taylor1 ?\gh ?is 0 prec$$ by a horrid t9t$ affair by ! same arti/1 call$ ,odes & ,sonnets4 ,! b9d+ is vile2 ! pap] is spott+ & los+ col\r1 b ! draw+s mu/ h be5 exquisite1 & "h & !re ! ink is spread+ & giv+ a lovely tone1 l an et*+1 to ! pr9ts on ! page4 ,9 #ahfd ,messrs4 ,dalziel1 :o _h already engrav$ = ,good ,words 9 ! previ\s ye> ,millais' ,p>ables ( ,our ,"l1 publi%$ !m ?r\gh ,r\tl$ge4 ,?is book1 9 an atroci\s b9d+ describ$ z elaborate1 & x truly is1 b\nd up s badly t x has brok5 all to pieces pr9t$ ) "s text 9 r$ & black1 conta9s mu* ( ! f9e/ "w ,millais ev] did4 ,no?+ c\ld exce$ 9 dramatic p[]1 9 effect ( light & %ade1 ,! ,enemy s[+ ,t>es1 to m5tion "o block among s _m t are good4 ,b ! :ole book is excell5t1 & excessively r>e 9 its fir/ edition4 ,b #ahfe is ! mo/ notable ye> ( all2 9 ?is ,dalziel's ,illu/rat$ ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts came out2 orig9ally publi%$ 9 p>ts1 ,i believe1 & lat] 9 two volumes1 text & pictures )9 horrid bord]s4 ,9 ?is book ,a4 ,boyd ,h\ghton fir/ %[$ :at a really great man he 04 ,he cle>ly proves himself ! ,engli% ma/] ( te*nique1 z well z ( imag9ation1 al?\gh 9 ?is volume1 issu$ by ,w>d & ,lock1 he has z fell[ illu/rators ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,millais1 ,j4 ,d4 ,watson1 ,sir ,john ,t5niel1 ,g4 ,j4 ,p9well1 & ,?omas ,dalziel--! latt] ( :om is a v big man1 & = ?is1 & "s ( ! subsequ5t books1 he made mo/ rem>kable draw+s4 ,b ,h\ghton t[]s above !m all1 & ,mr4 ,laur5ce ,h\sman 9 an able article on him 9 ,bibliographica well says3 ,among arti/s & ^? :o c>e at all deeply = ! great ?+s ( art1 he _c be =gott53 = !m 8 "w is too mu* an influ5ce & a problem4 ,& ?\gh (ficially ! ,academy %uts its m\? at him 444 c]ta9 ( its lead+ lights h be5 he>d un(ficially to decl>e t he 0 ! greate/ arti/ :o has appe>$ 9 ,engl& 9 black & :ite4 ,9 '#fe1 also1 8 ,home ,?\ghts & ,home ,sc5es 0 publi%$1 mu* less imag9ative ?an 8 lat] "w1 b conta9+ m beauty2 & aft] ?is1 = t5 ye>s1 he work$ prodigi\sly1 & yet excell5tly4 ,8 edition ( ,don ,quixote 7,f4 ,w>ne & ,co471 mu/ be s\ght = 9 ! mo/ out-(-!-way places2 easi] to f9d are 8 ,kul(f's ,fables1 '#fi 7,/rahan71 & be/ kn[n ( all1 ! draw+s 9 ! e>ly numb]s ( ! ,graphic1--! ,am]ican s]ies--:i* 7 n all publi%$1 ,i ?9k1 be=e he di$4 ,if "s ( ^! are grotesque1 ev5 almo/ c>icature1 !y are amaz+ly p[]ful--& be+ ! l>ge/ engrav$ works left1 %[ him =tunately at 8 be/4 ,8 orig9al draw+s sc>ce exi/ at all4 ,i happ5 to h "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 ,tom ! ,pip]'s ,son1 f ,novello's ,national ,nurs]y ,rhymes1 #ahga4 ,i h n pret5d$ to give a li/ ( ,h\ghton's draw+s1 x w\ld be ne>ly impossible2 b ^? books & magaz9es ,i h m5tion$ conta9 _m ( ! mo/ important4 ,9 '#fe ,p9well did a ,goldsmi? = ,w>d & ,lock1 :i* reveal$ 8 surpris+ p[]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,,boyd ,,h\ghton4 ,,f ,,dalziel',s ,,arabian ,,nights 7,,w>d1 ,,lock ,,& ,,co41 #ahfe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,,boyd ,,h\ghton4 ,,f ,,dalziel',s ,,arabian ,,nights 7,,w>d1 ,,lock ,,& ,,co471 #ahfe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,g4 ,j4 ,,p9well4 ,,= ,,goldsmi?',s ,,works 7,,w>d1 ,,lock ,,& ,,co474 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,wood ,,9 ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum4 ,cassells may h be5 ! orig9ators ( ?is sort ( illu/rat$ book1 or only ! foll[]s ( a /yle :i* became imm5sely popul>4 ,!y issu$ _m works by ,dor ab\t ! same "t or lat]1 & a ,gulliv]1 by ,t4 ,mort51 among o!rs1 b z ?is volume is n dat$1 ,i am unable to say :5 x appe>$--/ill to ?is day !y keep up ! sy/em ( publi%+ illu/rat$ books 9 p>ts at a l[ rate4 ,b soon exp5sive gift books1 illu/rat$ by ,h\ghton1 ,p9well1 ,nor?1 & ,walk]1 began to appe>1 p]fectly new unpubli%$ works3 9 #ahff ,a ,r\nd ( ,days 0 issu$ by ,r\tl$ge2 ,walk]1 ,nor?1 ,p9well1 & ,t4 ,dalziel1 come (f be/ 9 ?is gorge\s morocco cov]$ volume1 especially ! la/1 :o contributes a notable nocturne1 ! beauty ( night1 discov]$ by ,:i/l]1 be+ appreciat$ by arti/s1 ev5 :ile ,rusk9 0 busy revil+ or ignor+ ^! illu/rators4 ,h\ghton's edition ( ,don ,quixote also belongs to ?is ye>4 ,h[ ^! m5 accompli%$ all ?is ma/]ly "w 9 su* a %ort "t1 ,i d n pret5d to und]/&4 ,9 #ahfg1 ,wayside ,posies1 & ,jean ,+el['s ,poems 7 publi%$ by ,r\tl$ge & ,longmans4 ,^! two books rea* ! high-wat] m>k ( ,engli% illu/ration1 ,nor? & ,p9well surpass !mselves1 ! "o 9 l&scape & ! o!r 9 figures4 ,t4 ,dalziel also did "s amaz+ /udies ( mi/1 ra91 & night1 :i* ,i imag9e 7 absolutely unnotic$ by ! critics4 ,! draw+s1 h[ev]1 mu/ h be5 popul>1 = ,smi? & ,eld] repr9t$ ! ,walk]s & ,millais'1 among o!rs1 f ! ,cornhill 9 a ,gall]y 7?is also includ$ ,leightons &1 ,i ?9k1 "o ,s&ys71 & ,/rahan ! ,millais draw+s 9 ano!r portfolio4 ,! ,cornhill ,gall]y1 pr9t$1 x is said1 f ! orig9al blocks1 came out 9 #ahfd1 possibly z an atonem5t = ! %abby way 9 :i* ! arti/s 7 treat$ 9 ! magaz9e orig9ally4 ,9 #ahfh1 ,! ,nor? ,coa/1 by ,rob]t ,bu*anan1 0 issu$ by ,r\tl$ge2 x has mu* good "w by ,h\ghton hidd5 away 9 x4 ,9 ! next ye> ! ,graphic />t$1 & ^! books virtually ceas$ to appe>--:y1 ,i "k n4 ,!re 7 "s spasmodic ef=ts1 mo/ notable ( :i* 7 ,:ymp]'s magnific5t ,scrambles among/ ! ,alps1 #ahga1 conta9+ ,t4 ,mahoney's be/ draw+s & ,:ymp]'s be/ engrav+2 & ,hi/orical & ,leg5d>y ,ballads1 ,*atto & ,w9dus1 #ahgf2 9 ?is book1 made up f ! e>ly numb]s ( ! magaz9es1 "o w f9d ,:i/l]'s & ,s&ys' r>e draw+s2 x is almo/ ! only volume :i* conta9s ^! m5's "w1 al?\gh ! draw+s 7 n done orig9ally = x1 z ! editor w\ld l "o to believe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,g4 ,j4 ,,p9well4 ,,= ,,goldsmi?',s ,,works 7,,w>d1 ,,lock ,,& ,,co474 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,on ,,! ,,wood ,,9 ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,*>les ,,gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,fr$4 ,,walk]4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,/udy ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,:i/l]1 x is true1 illu/rat$ a ,catalogue ( ,blue & ,:ite ,nank9 ,porcela91 publi%$ by ,ellis & ,:ite1 #ahgh1 a v int]e/+ "w1 ma9ly 9 col\rs4 ,b ,s&ys' draw+s mu/ be look$ = 9 ! magaz9es alone4 ,i "k ( no book t he ev] illu/rat$1 a few volumes conta9 "o or two1 t is all2 8 draw+s are sep>ate di/9ct works ( art1 e pr9t f !m wor?y ( ! portfolio ( ! collector4 ,dalziels issu$ at lea/ two books lat] on1 magnific5t ,india pro(s ( ,engli% ,ru/ic ,pictures1 pr9t$ f ! orig9al blocks by ,p9well & ,walk]1 done = ! books ,i h m5tion$1 ?is volume is undat$2 & _! ,bible ,gall]y 9 #ahha 7! draw+s 7 made long be=e71 to :i* all ! be/-kn[n arti/s contribut$1 ?\gh ! result 0 n altoge!r an arti/ic success2 b mo/ notable draw+s by ,=d ,madox-,br[n1 ,leighton1 ,s&ys1 ,poynt]1 ,burne-,jones1 ,s4 ,solomon1 ,h\ghton1 & ,t4 ,dalziel1 are includ$ 9 x4 ,?is is ! la/ great book illu/rat$ by a b& ( arti/s & engrav]s work+ toge!r 9 ?is c\ntry2 :e!r ! results are satisfactory or n1 ! fact rema9s t ! engrav]s 7 mo/ en?usia/ic1 & enc\rag$ ! arti/s z no "o has done s9ce 9 ! mak+ ( books2 & ! arti/s 7 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ t h ev] appe>$ 9 ,engl&4 ,possibly1 ,i %\ld also h ref]r$ to ! ,briti% ,workman1 :i* 0 probably ! fir/ p5ny pap] to publi% good "w ( a l>ge size4 ,& ,i may h treat$ ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,hughes 9 a r summ>y fa%ion4 ,b ,i "k 8 orig9al draw+s f> bett] ?an ! books 9 :i* !y 7 pr9t$2 ! only book :i* ,i really am acqua9t$ ) is ,tom ,br[n's ,s*ool ,days2 yet ,i "k t he has made a v l>ge numb] ( illu/rations1 especially = ,norman ,mac,leod's books among o!rs4 ,aft] tw5ty-five ye>s illu/ration is aga9 reviv+ 9 ,engl&1 & "o looks =w>d hopefully to ! future ( ?is bran* ( art4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ?an ! ,graphic came ! introduction ( process1 & process 0 employ$ 9 ,engl& ma9ly = "o reason only3 *eapness4 ,bad *eap process--:i* by ! way is v little worse ?an *eap wood-engrav+--has be5 responsible 9 ?is c\ntry = m vile "w ?an 9 all ! re/ ( ! _w put toge!r4 ,! developm5t ( process has br\ght ) x n only tru? ( reproduction1 :i* is its aim1 b evils :i* its inv5tors did n anticipate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,f4 ,,s&ys4 ,,f ,,?ornbury',s ,,leg5d>y ,,ballads 7,,*atto ,,& ,,w9dos74 ,too _m process-engrav]s enc\rage ! mo/ commonplace1 because x is ! easie/1 "w4 ,!y "k p]fectly well t me*anical engrav+ w reproduce almo/ any draw+s at ! pres5t mom5t1 b !n1 good reproduction dem&s "t & tr\ble & arti/ic intellig5ce4 ,b x is no wond] t process-engrav]s are indiff]5t1 :5 we rememb] ! lam5table ignorance display$ by "s editors1 ^: k ( art--9 fact1 ( all art "w--is simply nil4 ,!y may h piles ( ta/e1 b all ( x is bad4 ,!y "k exactly :at ! public wants1 = !y !mselves are ! public !y consid]4 ,! slighte/ attempt at ! arti/ic r5d]+ ( a draw+1 or ! appe>ance ( a new man ) a new /yle1 is en\gh to put !m 9 a rage1 because !y _c und]/& ! "o or ! o!r4 ,& ! selection ( cuts :i* embelli%--,i believe is ! expression--_! pages1 is left to ! process man1 ! photograph]1 & ! cli* ag5t1 :o ( c\rse pick out ! easie/ !y c supply4 ,_! o!r duty is to edit _! contributors1 t is1 if screw+ & jew+ an arti/1 & tak+ all life & s\l = "w out ( him1 c be describ$ z edit+4 ,lately has sprung up a species ( illu/rator :o licks ! boots ( ^! editors & grovels be=e ! process man4 ,he turns out z mu* "w z he c 9 ! %orte/ space ( "t1 kn[+ t he mu/ make z _m draw+s z possible be=e "s mis]able creature1 m contemptible ?an himself1 comes along ) an (f] to d ! "w at half ! price :i* he is paid4 ,i am happy to say t ?is /ate ( affairs is by no means univ]sal 9 ,engl&2 b ,i regret t !re seems to be a t5d5cy 9 "s qu>t]s to pref] bad "w because x is usually *eap4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m notable exceptions3 intellig5t publi%]s1 editors1 arti/s1 & process-engrav]s1 :o /rive to d good "w & expect to pay1 or be paid1 = x4 ,b ?is /ate ( ?+s has produc$ ?ree classes ( arti/s4 ,fir/1 ! m5 :o l\dly decl>e !y c>e no?+ ab\t _! "w1 & :o may !re=e be dismiss$ ) t contempt :i* !y c\rt4 ,second1 ^? :o ru% absolutely to ! o!r extreme1 say+ t all mod]n "w is bad1 & t !re is no?+ to d b to foll[ 9 ! track ( ! fifte5?-c5tury craftsman1 n kn[+1 or m probably n want+ to "k1 t ^! same illu/rators & engrav]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury 71 accord+ to _! "t1 z mod]n & up-to-date & f9-de-sicle z possible4 ,f9ally1 !re is a sav+ remnant1 increas+ z fa/ z good workm5 d increase--& t is v sl[ly--:o are go+ on1 endeav\r+ to p]fect !mselves to ! be/ ( _! ability1 believ+ rightly t x is ! bus9ess ( engrav]s & pr9t]s to foll[ ! arti/1 & n ! arti/'s duty to become a slave to a m]e me*anic1 no matt] h[ intellig5t4 ,! second ( ^! classes has always exi/$ 9 almo/ e pr(ession 9 ,engl&2 ! class1 9 %ort1 :i* is conv9c$ t society & ! _w g5]ally ne$s re=m+1 & t x is _! little fad :i* is go+ to br+ ab\t ?is re=mation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,%ields4 ,,f ,,defoe',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,plague 7,,longmans1 #ahfc74 ,n[ ,i d n hold = a mom5t t ! man :o is g5]ally accept$ z ! lead] ( ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 ,rossetti1 _h any desire to re=m anybody1 or improve any?+4 ,a c]ta9 =m ( art int]e/$ him1 & he succe$$ 9 reviv+ x = himself1 ?\gh he put himself & 8 c5tury into 8 draw+s4 ,x is ! same ) ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 & ,mr4 ,william ,morris1 & ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane4 ,b ! praise :i* has be5 duly be/[$ ^u !m has be5 unju/ly lavi%$ ^u a set ( p--or else1 !y1 z !y nev] we>y ( do+1 h exploit$ !mselves--:o h nei!r ! p[] to design nor ! intellig5ce to appreciate a draw+ :5 x is made1 nor any te*nical und]/&+ ( h[ x 0 made4 ,!y w tell y1 bo? by _! "w & 9 pr9t1 t !re is no?+ wor? bo!r+ ab\t save ! draw+s ( ! ,little ,ma/]s1 &1 to prove _! appreciation ( ^! draw+s1 !y proce$ at once n to copy ! draw+s1 b ! primitive woodcuts :i* 7 made out ( !m1 n by ! ,ma/]s at all4 ,!y w proce$ to imitate pa9fully ) p5 & ink a woodcut1 h x reproduc$ by a *eap process man1 :o1 ( c\rse1 is delight$ to h "w :i* gives him no tr\ble1 entru/ x to a pr9t] buri$ 9 cell>s into :i* ! light ( improvem5t has nev] made its way1 t he may pr9t x ^u h&made pap]1 :i* ! old m5 nev] w\ld h us$ _h !y _h any?+ bett]2 & ?us !y succe$ 9 p]petuat+ all ! old faults & defects1 add+ to !m absurdity ( design :i* triumphs 9 ! prov9ces1 is ! delight ( ,bo/on & ! ,we/]n ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 & ! belov$ ( ! ,vic>age4 ,or1 aga91 ! "y p]son1 reek+ ) ! ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce & ,art at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 w h none ( process1 &1 pa9fully 7= he usually cuts 8 f+]71 & simply 7o!rwise he %\ld wa/e 8 "t71 endeav\rs1 ) halt+ execution b ) p]fect belief 9 8 p[]s1 to cut 8 design ^u ! wood-block1 n kn[+ t ! ma/] woodcutt]1 :om he essays to wor%ip1 sp5t almo/ z _m ye>s 9 le>n+ 8 trade1 z ?is p]son has sp5t m9utes 9 knock+ (f a little illu/ration z a *ange f design+ a /a9$-glass w9d[1 or writ+ a sonnet4 ,?is is ! sort ( "w t exhau/s fir/ editions1 is rememb]$ = a few mon?s1 & produces lead]s 9 ! advanc$ organs ( op9ion4 ,x is un=tunately true t ! lead]s h little influ5ce1 & t1 lat] on1 ! fir/ editions may be b\ght z old pap]4 ,ignorance ( pr9t+ & ( ! improvem5ts 9 t art is really 9 ?is c\ntry too awful to contemplate4 ,! av]age critic w blame a compet5t arti/ = ! imp]fections ( a process & ! ignorance ( a pr9t]4 ,x nev] occurs to ?is critic t he kn[s no?+ practically ab\t ! subject4 ,no attempt is made to surm\nt me*anical difficulties2 no attempt is made to /udy improvem5ts2 "o is simply told to "w d[n to ! l[e/ level & to copy ! fads ( an obsolete pa/4 ,qua9tness & ecc5tricity1 too1 h _! foll[]s1 & ?\gh bo? are dang]\s games to play1 /ill !y imply1 if good1 su* an am\nt ( rese>*1 /udy1 & inv5tion1 :e!r orig9al or n1 t f !m good "w may (t5 come4 ,/ill ,i no long] d>e to prophesy4 ,i "k n :at a man w d or w n4 ,!re is possibility 9 e "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,j4 ,,mahoney4 ,,f ,,! ,,sunday ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,sullivan4 ,,f ,,hood',s ,,comic ,,annual4 ,z = ! o!r m5 :o calmly g on do+ _! "w 9 _! own way1 %[+ ! process-engrav] :at is want$1 in/ruct+ ! pr9t] on ! subject ( effects & col\r1 & deal+ satisfactorily ) intellig5t publi%]s & editors1 or ev51 z "s d1 ignor+ all ^! factors1 :i* !y %\ld n1 _! "w is ar\nd u & delights u4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,l9ley ,,samb\rne4 ,,f ,,k+sley',s ,,wat] ,,babies 7,,macmillan74 ,( ! old] m51 ?\gh ,:i/l] has long ceas$ to illu/rate1 ,du ,mauri]1 ,sidney ,hall & ,william ,small are /ill ) u1 produc+ *>act]i/ic designs4 ,*>les ,gre5 c>ries on ! excell5t me?od :i* he develop$ 9 8 illu/rations to ,dick5s4 ,?\gh ,j4 ,mahoney is dead1 ! pres5t re-issue ( ,:ymp]'s ,scrambles among/ ! ,alps te/ifies m>vell\sly to 8 p[]s4 ,! late ,a4 ,boyd ,h\ghton's abilities1 too1 are beg9n+ to be appreciat$1 & 8 designs = ! ,arabian ,nights are n[ be+ s\ght = z !y nev] 7 dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,! success ( ,messrs4 ,macmillan's re-issue ( ! ,t5nyson ( #aheg is gratify+ pro( t a l>ge numb] ( p d c>e = good "w1 & t ! endeav\r to swamp u ) poor draw+s1 t$i\s photographs1 & worn-out cli*s w probably h its j rew>d4 ,f4 ,s&ys1 "o ( ! greate/ ( all1 ?\gh /ill liv+1 sc>cely produces any?+2 ,f4 ,%ields' designs = ,defoe's ,plague 7 ,rembr&t-l 9 p[]2 :ile ,h4 ,h]kom]1 9 8 illu/rations to ,h>dy's ,tess ( ! ,d',urb]villes1 has1 )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 done "s ( 8 mo/ /rik+ "w4 ,l9ley ,samb\rne1 ^: "n 0 made ye>s ago1 pursues ! ev5 t5or ( 8 ways1 8 reputation hav+ be5 well secur$ by 8 illu/rations to ! ,wat] ,babies1 & 8 c\ntless ,pun* contributions4 ,f ! quantity ( "w produc$ by ,h>ry ,furniss x is q evid5t t he is "o ( ! mo/ popul> m5 9 ,engl&4 ,! fund ( imag9ation :i* he devotes to p]petuat+ ! unimportant actions ( trivial memb]s ( ,p>liam5t is truly amaz+4 ,j4 ,f4 ,sullivan has made c>icature ( ! ,briti% workman 8 speciality1 & he has record$ _m ( ! antics ( t p]sonality ) a tru? t ! lab\r organs might imitate to advantage4 ,sir ,john ,t5niel is ! legitimate successor ( ! old political c>tooni/1 b1 luckily = him1 8 reputation re/s1 n ^u 8 portrayal ( ! ev5ts ( ! mom5t1 b ^u 8 m>vell\s ,alice 9 ,wond]l& & 8 classic illu/rations to ! ,leg5d>y ,ballads4 ,political c>icature r>ely1 h[ev]1 has an expon5t l ,t5niel1 & ?\gh ! "w ( ,j4 ,proctor1 ,g4 ,r4 ,halkett1 & ,f4 ,c4 ,g\ld is good 9 its way1 ow+ to ! conditions "u :i* mu* ( x has to be produc$1 & ! absolute artlessness ( ! subject1 _! aim naturally is to drive home a political po9t1 & n to produce a "w ( art4 ,! mo/ g5u9e c>icaturi/ :o has ev] liv$ 9 ,engl& 0 ,w4 ,g4 ,baxt]1 ! inv5tor ( ,ally ,slop]4 ,baxt] di$ a few ye>s ago4 ,happily1 ! ?ree m5 :o1 9 a great measure1 are responsible = mod]n ,engli% illu/ration are work+ to-day3 ,birket ,fo/]1 ,sir ,john ,gilb]t1 & ,h>rison ,weir1 b1 save ! latt]1 !y n[ produce sc>cely any designs4 ,few ( ! brilliant b& :o succe$$ !m1 h[ev]1 are at "w save ,du ,mauri] & ,w4 ,small4 ,"o has to deplore ! rec5t dea? ( ,*>les ,ke5e1 ! greate/ ( all ,engli% draughtsm54 ,illu/ration3 ,,by 7,,sir7 ,,john ,,t5niel4 ,,engrav$ ,,on ,,wood ,,by ,h4 ,,h>ral4 ,,f ,,gatty',s ,,p>ables 7,,bell1 #ahfg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,w4 ,g4 ,,baxt]4 ,,f ,,ally ,,slop]',s ,,c>toons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,phil ,,may4 ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,graphic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,g4 ,,du ,,mauri]4 ,,f ,,trilby 7,,osgood1 ,mc,i,l,v,a,i,n,e ,,& ,,co474 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,g4 ,,du ,,mauri]4 ,,f ,,trilby 7,,osgood1 ,mc,i,l,v,a,i,n,e ,,& ,,co474 ,"o !re=e turns ) int]e/ to "s ( ! y\ng] m5--m5 :o h made & are mak+ illu/ration _! pr(ession4 ,among !m1 "o looks fir/ to t erratic g5ius1 ,phil ,may1 :o has produc$ "w :i* n only w live1 b :i* successfully runs ! gamut ( all wit & hum\r4 ,no?+ 9 its way has be5 done 9 ,engl& to approa* 8 designs = ! ,p>son & ! ,pa9t]4 ,!y appe>$ fir/ 9 ! pages ( ! ,/4 ,/eph5's ,review1 :]e !y 7 sc>cely se5 by arti/s4 ,b on _! reappe>ance 9 book =m1 ?\gh ev5 m badly pr9t$ ?an at fir/1 :at rema9$ ( !m 0 good en\gh to make ,may's reputation4 ,betwe5 him & ev]yone else1 !re is a great gulf fix$1 b ! greate/ is betwe5 ,may & 8 imitators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,w4 ,,small4 ,,f ,,cassell',s ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,w4 ,,small4 ,,f ,,cassell',s ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,r4 ,,ann+ ,,bell4 ,,f ,,an ,,orig9al ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,mo/ ( ! y\ng] m5 ( individuality h /udi$ abroad &1 l ,am]icans1 h return$ home m or less affect$ by cont95tal ideas4 ,x w\ld be q impossible = me to place any e/imate on _! "w1 or ev5 attempt to describe x4 ,b c]ta9ly x is to "s ( ! new weekly & daily j\rnals & less kn[n mon?lies t "o mu/ look = _! illu/rations4 ,x seems to me t ,e4 ,j4 ,sullivan1 ,a4 ,s4 ,h>trick1 ,t4 ,s4 ,cr[!r1 ,h4 ,r4 ,mill>1 ,f4 ,pegram1 ,l4 ,rav5-,hill1 ,w4 ,w4 ,russell are do+ mu* to bright5 ! pages ( ! pap]s to :i* !y contribute4 ,rav5-,hill1 ,maurice ,greiff5hag51 ,edg> ,wilson & ,osc> ,eckh>dt h made a mo/ int]e/+ exp]im5t 9 ,! ,butt]fly1 :i* ,i hope w h ! success x des]ves4#bj ,r4 ,ann+ ,bell1 ,aubrey ,be>dsley1 ,reg9ald ,savage1 ,*>les ,ricketts1 ,c4 ,h4 ,%annon & ,l4 ,piss>ro h ! c\rage ( _! convictions & ! ability (t5 to c>ry out _! ideas4 ,be>dsley1 9 8 edition ( ! ,morte d',ar?ur1 ,salome1 & 8 ,yell[ ,book pictures1 among o!r ?+s1 has acquir$ a reputation 9 a v %ort space ( "t4 ,r4 ,ann+ ,bell has become kn[n by 8 v delightful book-plates1 :ile ,ricketts1 ,%annon & ,piss>ro1 are n only _! own arti/s & engrav]s1 b editors & publi%]s z well4 ,! ,dial is _! organ1 & x has conta9$ v _m beautiful draw+s by !m1 ?\gh !y h contribut$ cov]s & title-pages to v>i\s books & magaz9es1 & h br\ght out an edition ( ,daphnis & ,*loe :i* mu/ s]ve to p]petuate ! imp]fections ( ! ,middle-,age wood-cutt]4 ,wal ,paget1 ,w4 ,h4 ,ha!rell1 & ,g4 ,l4 ,seym\r1 9 v diff]5t ways1 head a long li/ ( illu/rators :o c decorate a /ory ) di/9ction1 or depict an ev5t almo/ at a mom5t's notice4 ,9 facility1 ,i suppose !re is no "o to equal ,h]b]t ,railton1 unless x be ,hugh ,?omson4 ,!y h toge!r illu/rat$ ,coa*+ ,days & ,coa*+ ,ways4 ,railton mu/ h drawn almo/ all ! ca!drals & hi/oric h\ses 9 ! c\ntry2 & ,?omson is 9 a fair way to resurrect _m =gott5 & un=gott5 au?ors ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,j4 ,d4 ,batt5's illu/rations to ,celtic1 ,engli%1 & ,indian fairy tales are extremely int]e/+1 :ile ,launcelot ,spe$ & ,h4 ,j4 ,=d h = sev]al ye>s be5 mak+ designs = ,mr4 ,lang's s]ies ( fairy books4 ,laur5ce ,h\sman has ?is ye> scor$ a decid$ success ) 8 illu/rations = ,miss ,rossetti's ,gobl9 ,m>ket4 ,to ,b]n>d ,p>tridge has fall5 ( late ! task ( uphold+ ,pun* f its arti/ic end2 ?is has app>5tly prov$ too mu* ev5 = him1 s9ce ,i note t = ! fir/ "t 9 its exi/5ce t pap] is employ+ outsid]s & ev5 =eign]s4 ,to :at is ,engl&1 or r ,pun*1 com+8 ,8 draw+s = ,mr4 ,an/ey's sket*es h be5 des]v$ly well receiv$1 :ile lately he1 too1 has fall5 a victim to ! eighte5? c5tury 9 8 /rik+ illu/rations = ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson's ,beau ,brocade4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,t4 ,re$1 ( ! same j\rnal1 dur+ ! la/ ye> has develop$ n only a mo/ delightful ve9 ( hum\r1 b an orig9al /yle ( h&l+--8 burlesques ( ! decad5ts are bett] ?an ! orig9als almo/4 ,reg9ald ,cleav] c probably produce a draw+ = a *eap process ) m success ?an anyone1 & yet1 at ! same "t1 8 "w is full ( "*4 ,x is pleasant to turn to m5 l ,sir ,george ,reid & ,alfr$ ,p>sons1 ) :om exquisite design & skill$ te*nique1 & n *eapness1 is ! aim 9 _! illu/rative "w4 ,p>sons has1 ) ,abbey1 9 ,old ,songs1 ,a ,quiet ,life1 etc41 & alone 9 ,wordswor?'s ,sonnets1 & also 9 ! ,w>wick%ire ,avon1 produc$ ! books :i* rea* ! high-wat] m>k ( ,engli% illu/ration1 al?\gh !y 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,on ! o!r h& ,sir ,george ,reid's designs = ,johnny ,gibb1 ,! ,riv] ,twe$ & ! ,riv] ,clyde1 & sev]al o!r publications ( ,david ,d\glas ( ,ed9burgh1 h be5 br\ght out altoge!r 9 ?is c\ntry4 #bj ,i did n mean ,i hop$ x w\ld die4 ,x has n[ ceas$ to appe>4 ,i %\ld l to discuss ! s*ools t h be5 develop$ by ! ,arts & ,crafts ,society 9 "s ( ! prov9cial c5tres4 ,b z none ( ! /ud5ts approa* = a mom5t su* an exquisite draughtsman z ,s&ys1 to say no?+ ( ! "w ( ! old] m5 :om !y attempt to imitate1 x seems r premature to talk ab\t !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,j4 ,,b]n>d ,,p>tridge4 ,,f ,,au/9 ,,dobson',s ,,prov]bs ,,9 ,,porcela9 7,,kegan ,,paul ,,& ,,co474 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,holman ,,hunt4 ,,f ,,gatty',s ,,p>ables 7,,bell1 #ahfg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,= ,,! ,,que/1 ,,no4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,w9ifr$ ,,smi?4 ,,f ,,*ildr5',s ,,s++ ,,games 7,,nutt74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,p>sons4 ,,f ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e4 ,/ill1 ,a4 ,j4 ,gask91 limit+ himself 9 a way t seems q unnecess>y1 has illu/rat$ ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales v well1 if "o adopts 8 /&po9t4 ,e4 ,h4 ,new has made portraits t are decorative2 &1 "u ,gask9's direction1 a little book ( ,c>ols has be5 illu/rat$ by 8 pupils2 :ile1 9 ! same /yle1 ,c4 ,m4 ,g]e & ,l4 ,f4 ,muckley are do+ notable "w1 & !y are ab\t to />t a magaz9e ,! ,que/4 ,! ,hobby ,horse1 ! organ ( ! ,c5tury ,guild1 has conta9$ _m good designs by ,h]b]t ,horne & ,selwyn ,image4 ,on mu* ! same l9es1 too1 ,heywood ,sumn]1 ,h5ry ,ryl&1 ,reg9ald ,hallw>d1 ,*ri/oph] ,:all & o!rs h be5 v successful4 ,nor c "o ignore ! initials & bord]s ( ,william ,morris1 made = 8 own publications4 ,!re are doz5s ( arti/s1 ^: names1 l _! works1 are h\sehold words1 ,=re/i]1 ,montb>d1 ,w4 ,l4 ,wyllie1 ,b>n>d1 ,na%1 ,ov]5d1 ,woll51 ,/anil&1 ,caton ,woodville1 ,dur&1 ,/acey1 ,ra9ey1 ,b>nes1 & ,walt] ,wilson1 :o h a p[] ( r5d]+ ev5ts ( ! day 9 a fa%ion unequall$ else:]e1 & ^: excell5t designs are se5 cont9u\sly 9 ! pages ( ! ,graphic1 ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 & ,black & ,:ite4 ,!re is also ano!r set :o amaze u by _! p[] ( compell+ editors to publi% weekly1 & ev5 daily1 /acks ( _! draw+s1 :5 ^? ( bett] m5 g a-begg+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,p>sons4 ,,r$uc$ ,,f ,a ,,l>ge ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,daily ,,*ronicle4 #ahie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sir ,,george ,,reid4 ,,f ,,! ,,life ,,( ,a ,,scot* ,,naturali/ 7,,murray74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,w4 ,,paget4 ,,f ,,cassell',s ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,l4 ,,rav5-,,hill4 ,,f ,,! ,,butt]fly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,l4 ,,rav5-,,hill4 ,,f ,,! ,,butt]fly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,edg> ,,wilson4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,draw+ ,,= ,,! ,,unicorn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,c4 ,e4 ,,mall[s4 ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,draw+1 ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,build]4 ,?\gh wood-engrav+ is purely an ,engli% art1 & ?\gh "s ( ! greate/ wood-engrav]s ev5 9 mod]n times h be5 ,engli%m51 ! art no long] fl\ri%es "h z x %\ld4 ,! /ronge/ ( mod]n engrav]s1 ,cole & ,l9ton1 are bo? ,engli%m51 b _! reputations are due *iefly to ,am]ica4 ,w4 ,biscombe ,g>dn] is almo/ ! only man :o has cont9u$ to produce good int]pretative "w1 engrav+ 8 own designs1 :ile ,w4 ,h4 ,hoop] easily leads 9 facsimile "w4 ,?is decl9e ( wood-engrav+ has be5 especially felt by su* important firms z ,dalziel & ,swa94 ,an ,int]national ,society ( ,wood-engrav]s has lately be5 />t$1 & "o hopes its memb]s w succe$ 9 ! task !y h set !mselves3 t ( enc\rag+ orig9al wood-engrav+4 ,9 col\r-pr9t+ ,engl& has always held a lead+ place1 ! "w ( ,edmund ,evans & ! ,leighton ,bro!rs be+ univ]sally appreciat$4 ,a v /rong endeav\r is be+ made by ,messrs4 ,way to revive orig9al li?ography4 ,z ?is art is n[ beg9n+ to be aga9 practis$ by em95t arti/s1 !re is e probability t _! ef=ts w be successful4 ,vanity ,fair has always be5 illu/rat$ by *romo-li?ography1 & 9 x appe>$ ! "w ( ! late ,c>lo ,p]ug9i1 :ile ,spy & o!rs /ill c>ry out 8 me?ods4 ,! ar*itectural pap]s also use1 ma9ly1 photo-li?ography = reproduc+ ! draw+s :i* !y pr9t4 ,9 ,engl& ! fa%ion ( mak+ pictorial p]spective draw+s = ar*itects has be5 v ext5sively practis$2 x is only an outgr[? ( ! "w ( ,pr\t & ,h>d+1 b x has be5 enorm\sly develop$ s9ce _! day2 at pres5t1 sev]al ar*itectural pap]s are publi%$ :i* solely conta9 draw+s ( ?is sort1 draw+s ma9ly ! outcome ( ! ,t-squ>e1 & ! inn] consci\sness ( ! ar*itectural p]spective man1 :o has nev] se5 ! h\se1 nor ! l&scape1 nor /reet elevation 9 :i* 8 subject may be ultimately built2 nev]!less "s ( ^! draw+s are mo/ int]e/+4 ,! "w ( ! late ,w4 ,burgess1 ,a4,r4,a41 ( ,a4 ,b4 ,pite1 9 m$ival design2 ( ,g4 ,c4 ,horsley1 ,a4 ,b4 ,mit*ell1 ,t4 ,raffles ,davison1 ,r[l& ,paul1 &1 above all1 ( ,c4 ,e4 ,mall[s4 ,mr4 ,mall[s is an arti/2 to him a draw+ is z important z ! build+ x repres5ts2 he does ev]y?+ he c f nature1 & 8 draw+s ( old "w1 notably difficult /udies 9 p]spective1 l ! cloi/]s ( ,gl\ce/]1 h nev] be5 equall$ by any ( ! ,pr\t-,h>d+-,cotman set4 ,he feels t ar*itecture & ! del9eation ( x are a "p ( ! f9e arts--& he makes o!rs feel x too4 ,& to d ?is is simply to be an arti/4 ,?is fa%ion ( ar*itectural draw+ has spread to ,am]ica & ,g]many1 b x has no support 9 ,france4 ,mu* has also be5 accompli%$ 9 et*+1 & ,engl& possesses to-day 9 ,william ,hole1 ,rob]t ,macbe?1 ,william ,/rang1 ,frank ,%ort1 ,d4 ,y4 ,cam]on1 ,c4 ,j4 ,watson1 ,c4 ,o4 ,murray1 a numb] ( et*]s ^: fame is ju/ly great4 ,:e!r ! idea ( ! special arti/ on ! spot orig9at$ 9 ,engl& or n1 ,i _c say2 c]ta9ly he 0 employ$1 & 8 "w ackn[l$g$ 9 ! e>ly numb]s ( ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news4 ,b1 at any rate1 _m ,engli%m5 h devot$ !mselves almo/ entirely to ?is =m ( pictorial report+ & correspond5ce4 ,! man :o has _h probably ! mo/ ext5sive exp]i5ce is ,william ,simpson1 ( ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1#ba b ,f4 ,villi]s1 ,melton ,prior1 & ,sidney ,hall h assi/$ at almo/ all ! sc5es ( national joy or grief--h foll[$ ! =tunes ( w>1 or ! progress ( royalty1 or any o!r important ev5t 9 e qu>t] ( ! _w4 ,^! arti/s' me?ods ( "w 7 mo/ int]e/+4 ,!y tra9$ !mselves to sket* "u ! mo/ dang]\s1 fatigu+1 & difficult conditions--mak+ r %or?& notes ?an sket*es1 :i* 7 q intelligible to a clev] b& ( arti/s atta*$ to _! v>i\s j\rnals4 ,^! arti/s1 on receiv+ ! sket*es1 produc$ f9i%$ draw+s 9 a few h\rs1 or1 at longe/1 a few days4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 matt]s h *ang$ some:at4 ,! editors 7n ! public7 h le>n$ to appreciate sket*es1 & m5 :o c ei!r produce a complete "w ( art on ! spot1 or "w f _! own sket*es1 are m g5]ally engag$ 9 ?is way4 ,i d n mean to say t ! w> correspond5ts ,i h nam$ c\ld n d ?is "w1 only t (t5 !y did n1 ow+ to exig5cies ( "t & o!r difficulties4 ,mr4 ,hall's "w at pres5t is f9i%$ on ! spot4 ,8 draw+s at ! ,p>nell trial 7 mo/ notable4 ,b ,i ?9k 9 ! next arti/ic g5]ation ! correspond5t w h to "w h>d]--if he produces less4 #ba ,s4 ,read 0 ! fir/ arti/ correspond5t2 he work$ dur+ ! ,crimean ,w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,r4 ,,caton ,,woodville4 ,,r$uc$ ,,f ,,! ,,illu/rat$ ,,london ,,news4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,sydney ,p4 ,,hall4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,graphic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley4 ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,,! ,,au?or4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,walt] ,,wilson4 ,,r$uc$ ,,f ,,! ,,illu/rat$ ,,london ,,news4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,f4 ,s4 ,,*ur*4 ,,f ,,an ,,et*+ ,,9 ,,! ,,cont95t4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,am]ican ,,illu/ration4 ,9 _m ways ! illu/rative "w ( ,am]ica is m int]e/+ ?an t ( any o!r c\ntry4 ,! rapidity ( its gr[?1 ! enc\ragem5t t has be5 giv5 x by publi%]s1 & ! surpris+ly important arti/ic results obta9$ h won x recognition all ov] ! _w4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 at ! "t t ! be/ "w 0 really be+ done 9 ,engl&1 sc>cely any?+ 0 be+ produc$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is true t "s ( ! magaz9es _h be5 />t$1 & t "s ( ! m51 :o are be/ kn[n z illu/rators to-day1 7 at "w4 ,b x 0 n until #ahgf1 ! ye> ( ! ,c5t5nial1 ! fir/ int]national exhibition held 9 ,am]ica1 t ,am]ican arti/s1 engrav]s1 pr9t]s1 & publi%]s 7 enabl$ to =m an idea ( :at 0 be+ done 9 ,europe4 ,at ! same "t a brilliant b& ( "y m51 :o _h be5 /udy+ abroad1 return$ to ,new ,york1 & x is ma9ly ow+ to _! return1 & ! enc\ragem5t :i* intellig5t & f>-see+ publi%]s gave to !m1 & also to ! arti/s & engrav]s :o 7 already 9 ,am]ica anxi\s to "w1 t :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,am]ican s*ool ( wood-engrav+1 toge!r ) ,am]ican illu/ration & pr9t+1 0 develop$4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is s*ool has be5 built up is s int]e/+ t x may be well to ref] to x some:at 9 detail4 ,f ! "t t ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,drake1 &1 lat]1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,lewis ,fras] 7 appo9t$ art editors ( ! ,c5tury1 !n ,scribn]'s1 !y made x _! bus9ess1 z art editors1 to assi/ & aid & enc\rage "y arti/s4 ,& e>li]1 too1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,p>sons :o manag$ ! art dep>tm5t ( ,h>p] ,bro!rs1 gave su* k9d1 s5sible1 & practical advice to _m "y arti/s t n only w 8 "n nev] be =gott5 z "o :o help$ greatly to develop ,am]ican art1 b _m an ,am]ican illu/rator n[ looks back to ,mr4 ,p>sons z ! man :o really />t$ him on 8 c>e]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,c4 ,s4 ,,re9h>t4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,mr4 ,drake's plan 0 ?is4 ,if an arti/ br\ght a draw+ to him 9 :i* !re 7 any signs ( individuality1 intellig5ce1 or /riv+ aft] untri$ effects1 8 endeav\r 0 to use t draw+1 at any rate z an exp]im5t1 & to enc\rage ! arti/ to g on & make o!rs2 n to say to ! arti/1 ! public won't /& ?is1 & our cli5tle won't "k :at y mean4 ,b !n ,mr4 ,drake 0 a tra9$ arti/ & engrav]4#bb ,nor did ,mr4 ,drake & ,mr4 ,fras] put d[n _! op9ions z ^? ( ! public4 ,!y did n pret5d to be infallible1 nor did ! lit]>y editors2 ) ! consequ5ce1 t ! ,am]ican magaz9es h ga9$ = !mselves ! l>ge/ circulation among respectable publications4 ,9 engrav+1 too1 ! engrav] 0 ask$ to reproduce a draw+1 n 9 ! conv5tional mann]1 b z fai?fully z he c\ld1 n only r5d]+ ! subject ( ! draw+1 b sugge/+ its quality1 ! look ( ! m$ium 9 :i* x 0 produc$4 ,f ?is sprang ! s-call$ ,am]ican s*ool ( facsimile wood-engrav+1 :i*1 until ! adv5t ( process1 0 ! fav\rite cock%y ( ! lit]>y critic :o essay$ to write ^u ! subject ( art4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 t he believes ,am]ican engrav+ is ab\t to disappe> 9 process--?\gh ( c\rse !re is n ! slighte/ dang] ( any?+ ( ! sort happ5+--he is utt]+ premature wails ov] its disappe>ance1 :i* is really n com+ to pass at all4 #bb ,i d n mean to say t ! ,am]ican idea ( hav+ arti/s = art editors is unique4 ,ev]yone kn[s ! good editorial "w t has be5 done1 & is /ill be+ done by ,mr4 ,bale1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,?omas1 ,mr4 ,?omson1 ,mr4 ,mason ,jackson1 ,mr4 ,l4 ,rav5-,hill1 to m5tion no o!rs4 ,9 pr9t+1 too1 exp]im5ts 7 made f ! v beg9n+ ) inks & pap] & press-"w4 ,& ?\gh /iff glaz$ pap] has be5 ! outcome ( ^! exp]im5ts1 x is us$ simply because ^u no o!r sort ( pap] c su* good results be obta9$4 ,if "s ( ! p :o raise su* a wail ab\t ?is pap] w\ld only produce some?+ bett]1 ,i am sure !y w\ld be well rew>d$ = _! pa9s1 because all ! great magaz9es w\ld at once adopt x4 ,ano!r reason = ! success & advancem5t ( ,am]ican illu/rators is because ! publi%]s ( ! great magaz9es1 l ,! ,c5tury1 ,h>p]'s1 ,scribn]'s1 h _h ! s5se to see t if y want to get good "w out ( a man y h to pay him = x & enc\rage him to d x1 !n reproduce1 & pr9t x 9 a prop] fa%ion4 ,naturally1 ! arti/s h tak5 a p]sonal pride 9 ! success ( ! magaz9es ) :i* !y h be5 connect$2 9 c]ta9 cases1 great] probably ?an ! proprietors !mselves ev] realiz$4 ,!y h work$ ) engrav]s2 !y h ma/]$ ! my/]ies ( process & ( pr9t+2 v>i\s engrav]s & pr9t]s h also work$ ) ! arti/1 & 9 _m cases !re has be5 a tru] sy/em ( g5u9e craftsman%ip ?an exi/$ 9 ! ev]la/+ly belaud$ guilds ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s a new _s has1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ent]$ into ,am]ican publi%+1 & !re h cropp$ up magaz9es :i*1 app>5tly1 h = _! aim ! furni%+ to _! read]s ( ! greate/ am\nt ( ! *eape/ mat]ial at ! l[e/ possible price4 ,syndicate /ories & photographic cli*s /ruggle ) bad pr9t+1 & possibly appeal to ! multitude4 ,h[ev]1 ^! *eap & na/y j\rnals w probably /ruggle among !mselves to _! own discomfiture1 )\t produc+ la/+ effect1 unless ! conductors ( ! bett] class ( magaz9es *oose to l[] ! tone ( _! own publications4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,walt] ,,%irlaw4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,! illu/rat$ newspap] has become an enorm\s factor 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,pall ,mall claims to h be5 ! fir/ illu/rat$ daily1 & ! ,daily ,graphic is ! only complete daily illu/rat$ pap] yet 9 exi/5ce 9 ,engl&4 ,le ,quotidi5 ,illu/r has j be5 />t$ 9 ,p>is4 ,! claim ( ! ,pall ,mall is )\t f\ndation1 z ! ,london ,daily ,graphic b foll[s 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,new ,york ,daily ,graphic1 :i* took its "n f ! ,london weekly2 its illu/rations 7 almo/ altoge!r reproduc$ by li?ography4 ,! ,new ,york ,graphic 0 nev] a great success4 ,_m ,am]ican daily newspap]s pr9t m draw+s 9 a week ?an ! ,london ,daily ,graphic4 ,! *ances are t 9 a v few ye>s ! daily w h completely sup]s$$ _m ( ! weeklies1 & q a numb] ( ! mon?ly magaz9es too4 ,x is simply a "q ( improv+ ! pr9t+ press1 & ?is improvem5t w be made4 ,anyone :o has wat*$ ! progress ( illu/rat$ j\rnalism dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s c h no d\bts ^u ! subject2 & ,i am almo/ c]ta9 t ! v ne> future w see ! adv5t ( daily illu/rat$ magaz9es ( conv5i5t size1 :i* w take ! place ( ! mon?ly reviews & ! pond]\s & cumb]some ma*9e we n[ call a newspap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h[>d ,,pyle4 ,,f ,,holmes',s ,,"o ,,hoss ,,%ay 7,,gay ,,& ,,bird74 ,if1 z is univ]sally admitt$1 ,am]ica has produc$ ! be/ example ( an illu/rat$ magaz9e t ! _w has to %[1 x is n v difficult to f9d out ! reason4 ,editors h secur$ ! s]vices ( "s ( ! be/ native arti/s1 & are ready to use ! "w ( =eign]s4 ,also _m ( ! be/ engrav]s "w = ^! p]iodicals1 & 9 ma*9e pr9t+ ,!odore de ,v9ne has set up a /&>d = ! :ole _w4 ,if ^! m5 h become ma/] craftsm51 x is because !y fir/ /udi$ _! art pr(\ndly1 & !n le>n$ ! practical requirem5ts & te*nical conditions "u :i* draw+s c be/ be reproduc$ = ! pr9t$ page1 z well z ! be/ me?ods ( pr9t+ t page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h[>d ,,pyle4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,h[>d ,,pyle4 ,,f ,,holmes',s ,,"o ,,hoss ,,%ay 7,,gay ,,& ,,bird74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,br5nan4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,f ,,! ,,cont95t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,fro/4 ,,f ,,/uff ,,& ,,nons5se 7,,scribn]',s74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,b4 ,,fro/4 ,,f ,,/uff ,,& ,,nons5se 7,,scribn]',s74 ,9 8 own way ,mr4 ,abbey /&s completely ap>t f all o!r arti/s4 ,8 beautiful draw+1 consci5ti\s att5tion to detail & co/ume1 int]e/+ composition & p]fect grace give him rank z a ma/]4 ,8 edition ( ,h]rick has become a classic1 :ile 9 8 ,old ,songs1 & ,quiet ,life1 done 9 collaboration ) ,mr4 ,p>sons1 he has s successfully del9eat$ ! eighte5? c5tury t he has made x a m9e = less able m5 :o h nei!r 8 p[] z draughtsman1 nor 8 appreciation t illu/ration is z s]i\s z any o!r bran* ( art1 n to be ent]$ ^u lightly & )\t tra9+4 ,he has trans=m$ ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] f a play into a s]ies ( pictures2 & 8 illu/rations to ,%akespe>e w1 )\t d\bt1 become hi/oric2 !y are models ( accurate le>n+ & c>eful rese>*1 & yet1 at ! same "t1 ! mo/ p]fect expression ( beauty & ref9em5t4 ,! decorative or decad5t craze has also rea*$ ,am]ica1 & its mo/ amus+ repres5tative1 s f>1 is ,w4 ,h4 ,bradley2 b ,g4 ,w4 ,edw>ds1 ,l4 ,s4 ,isp51 & o!rs1 decorat$ books long be=e my/icism became ! rage4 ,mr4 ,re9h>t & ,mr4 ,sm$ley h treat$ ! m mod]n side ( life ) an intellig5ce :i* is almo/ equal to ,abbey's4 ,mr4 ,re9h>t's mo/ rem>kable "w is to be f\nd 9 ,spani% ,vi/as by ,mr4 ,george ,p>sons ,la?rop1 & 9 8 sket*es 9 ,am]ican ,wat]+ ,places4 ,mr4 ,sm$ley's draw+s may be se5 any mon? 9 ,h>p]'s ,magaz9e4 ,mr4 ,h[>d ,pyle has br\ght all ! res\rces ( ! pa/ to aid him 9 ! pres5t1 & is probably ! mo/ intellig5t & able /ud5t ( ! fifte5? c5tury liv+ to-day4 ,yet ,mr4 ,pyle is1 :5 illu/rat+ a mod]n subject1 z entirely mod]n4 ,he has treat$ ) equal success ! ,engl& ( ,rob9 ,hood1 ! ,g]many ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 colonial days 9 ,am]ica1 *ildr5's /ories1 & ! ord9>y ev]yday ev5ts :i* an illu/rator is call$ ^u to record4 ,he is des]v$ly almo/ z well kn[n z a writ]4 ,8 pr9cipal books are ,otto ( ! ,silv] ,h&1 ! ,/ory ( ,rob9 ,hood1 & ,pepp] & ,salt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,abbey4 ,,f ,,h>p]',s ,,magaz9e 7,,copyright #ahid1 ,,by ,,h>p] ,,& ,,bro!rs74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,abbey4 ,,f ,,au/9 ,,dobson',s ,,poems 7,,kegan ,,paul74 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,c4 ,d4 ,,gibson4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,,oliv] ,,h]=d4 ,,f ,,fables 7,,gay ,,& ,,bird74 ,mr4 ,c4 ,d4 ,gibson exhibits ! follies & graces ( society2 x 0 he :o contribut$ s brilliantly to ! success ( ,life1 ! ,am]ican ,pun*4 ,messrs4 ,fro/1 ,kemble1 ,r$wood1 ,rem+ton1 %[ ! life ( ! ,we/ & ! ,s\?2 :ile1 z a comic draughtsman1 ,fro/ /&s at ! head ( ,am]icans4 ,^! m5's "w w "o day be reg>d$ z hi/orical docum5ts4 ,mr4 ,rem+ton has giv5 ! rapidly vani%+ ,indian & c[boy1 especially 9 ! ,hunt+ ,trips ( a ,ran*man4 ,mr4 ,fro/'s draw+s ( ! f>m] 9 ! ,middle ,/ates w lat] be z valuable records z ,m5zel's ,uni=ms ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great4 ,mr4 ,kemble is n alone 9 8 del9eation ( d>key life & "*4 ,9 fact1 he has r work$ 9 a field :i* 0 m>k$ out = him by ,w4 ,l4 ,%eph]d & ,gilb]t ,gaul4 ,w4 ,hamilton ,gibson has treat$ _m beautiful & pleas+ aspects ( nature1 bo? z writ] & illu/rator4 ,blum1 ,br5nan & ,lungr5 transport$ ! ,=tuny1 ,rico1 ,vi]ge movem5t to ,am]ica1 b h n[ work$ out s*emes = !mselves4 ,blum has produc$ m complete "w ?an ! o!rs1 h[ev]1 & 8 illu/rations to ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold's ,japonica1 & 8 own articles on ,japan1 h giv5 him a des]v$ly prom95t position4 ,elihu ,v$d]1 mo/ notably 9 8 edition ( ,om> ,khayyam1 ,k5yon ,cox1 & ,w ,l[1 :o h illu/rat$ ,keats & ,rossetti1 are responsible = mu* ( ! decoration & decorative design 9 ! c\ntry1 & !re are _m o!r extremely clev]1 brilliant & mo/ arti/ic m5 ^: "w c be f\nd almo/ e mon? 9 ! magaz9es4 ,mr4 ,*ilde ,hassam has br\ght ,p>isian me?ods to be> ^u ! illu/ration ( ,new ,york life2 & ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,bir*'s /udies ( *ildhood1 ?\gh frequ5tly ,g]man 9 h&l+1 are altoge!r delightful 9 results1 8 draw+s hav+ no d\bt add$ mu* to ! popul>ity ( ,little ,"l ,fauntl]oy2 9 ! same sort ( "w ,p4 ,newell & ,oliv] ,h]=d are di/+ui%$4 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,halleck ,foote is "o ( ! few :o cont9ue to draw ^u ! wood1 & v beautifully %e does ?is2 :ile ,mrs4 ,alice ,b>b] ,/eph5s1 & ,miss ,ka?>9e ,pyle prove t !re is no e>?ly reason :y wom5 %\ld n be illu/rators4 ,mr4 ,otto ,ba*]1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,drake & ,mr4 ,*>les ,graham turn ! mo/ un9t]e/+ photograph1 if !y are n do+ orig9al "w1 into a pleas+ design2 :ile t ph5om5ally clev] ,fr5*man1 ,a4 ,ca/aigne1 :o1 ,i believe1 n[ consid]s himself to be naturaliz$1 gets m movem5t & dramatic feel+ into 8 draw+ ?an almo/ anyone else1 ?\gh he is closely approa*$ 9 "s ways by ,t4 de ,?ul/rup4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,f4 ,,hopk9son ,,smi?4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,,rob]t ,,blum4 ,,f ,,scribn]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,*ilde ,,hassam4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,made ,,= ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,comm]cial ,,adv]tis]4 ,9 "s ways ,mr4 ,h>ry ,f5n1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,woodw>d1 & ,mr4 ,?omas ,moran 7 among ! pione]s ( ,am]ican l&scape illu/ration4 ,mr4 ,hopk9son ,smi?1 ^: "w also is frequ5tly se5 9 ! magaz9es1 says t ,h>ry ,f5n's illu/rations 9 ',picturesque ,am]ica' entitle him to be call$ ! ,ne/or ( 8 guild1 n only = ! delicacy1 tru?1 & ref9em5t ( 8 draw+s1 b also because ( ! enorm\s success att5d+ its publication--! fir/ illu/rat$ publication on s l>ge a scale ev] attempt$--pav+ ! way = ! illu/rat$ magaz9e & pap] ( to-day4 ,9 ?is v5ture ( ,appleton's1 ,mr4 ,woodw>d & ,mr4 ,moran _h a l>ge %>e4 ,among "s ( ! y\ng] m5 %\ld be not$ ,mr4 ,irv+ ,wiles1 ^: "w is z direct & brilliant z1 & mu* m true ?an1 ,rossi's2 ,mr4 ,metcalf1 ^: illu/rations to ,mr4 ,/ev5son's ,wreck] are mo/ notable2 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,r$wood :o1 ) ,mr4 ,rufus ,zogbaum1 has made ! ,am]ican soldi] 8 special /udy4 ,f4 ,s4 ,*ur* is _m-sid$ bo? 9 ! m$iums he employs & ! subjects he selects4 ,j4 ,a4 ,mit*ell has produc$ 9 ,life a society comic pap] :i* is mu* m human ?an ,pun*4 ,puck & ,judge are ! lead+ illu/rat$ political weeklies2 _! conductors are ,d4 ,kepl] & ,b4 ,gillom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,,fr$]ic ,,rem+ton4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p5 ,,draw+ ,,by ,r4 ,,bir*4 ,,f ,,little ,,"l ,,fauntl]oy 7,,w>ne74 ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,! ,,ride4 ,,wood-,,engrav+ ,,by ,t4 ,,cole1 ,,aft] ,w4 ,m4 ,,*ase4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,blum4 ,,f ,,scribn]',s ,,magaz9e4 ,! li/ ( engrav]s is q z important4 ,almo/ all ( ^? :o belong to ! ,am]ican ,society ( ,engrav]s on ,wood are orig9al arti/s & v well des]v+ ( m5tion1 ?\gh _! "w itself has giv5 !m a position :i* ,i _c bett]4 ,! be/ kn[n is ,timo?y ,cole1 ^: engrav+s f ! ,old ,ma/]s h won him _w-wide recognition4 ,he is foll[$ by ,w4 ,b4 ,closson1 :o has to "s ext5t attempt$ ! same sort ( "w4 ,messrs4 ,frank ,fr5*1 ,k+sley1 & ! late ,fr$]ick ,jngl+ h1 ) surpris+ success1 engrav$ directly f nature2 :ile = portraits1 ,g4 ,kruell & ,t4 ,johnson are des]v$ly well kn[n4 ,9 f9e reproductive "w ,h5ry ,wolf1 ,h4 ,davidson1 ,gamm1 ,miss ,c4 ,a4 ,p[ell1 ,j4 ,t9key1 ,f4 ,s4 ,k+1 ,j4 ,p4 ,davis h %[n t wood-engrav+ is an art :i* c be us$ 9 ! h&s ( a clev] man or woman 9 a hundr$ ways undreamt ( tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,?is li/ makes no pret5sion ( be+ complete1 = new magaz9es1 new m5 & new me?ods are spr++ up all ov] ! c\ntry e few weeks1 & a m]e li/ ( ! illu/rators & engrav]s w\ld make a catalogue z l>ge z ?is volume4 ,!re 0 a p]iod ( great activity 9 ,am]ican et*+ a few ye>s ago4 ,among ! mo/ notable results 7 ,cassell's ,portfolios ( ! "w ( ,am]ican et*]s1 edit$ by ,mr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,koehl]4 ,b ! art seems n[ to be langui%+4 ,mr4 ,frank ,duv5eck1 ,mr4 ,otto ,ba*]1 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,p>ri%1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,platt1 ,mrs4 ,m>y ,nimmo ,moran did "s ( ! be/ orig9al "w1 :ile1 z reproductive m51 ,pet] & ,?omas ,moran1 ,/eph5 ,f]ris1 & ,j4 ,d4 ,smillie 7 mo/ notable4 ,h[ev]1 ?is brief spontane\s movem5t t[>d individual expression un=tunately seems r to h sp5t itself2 & ,am]ica1 l s _m o!r c\ntries1 is wait+ = some?+ new to turn up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,s4 ,,p>ri%4 ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,! ,,cont95t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,gilb]t ,,gaul4 ,,f ,,! ,,c5tury ,,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,selwyn ,,image4 ,,f ,,! ,,fitzroy ,,pictures ,,s]ies 7,,bell74 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,heywood ,,sumn]4 ,,f ,,! ,,fitzroy ,,pictures ,,s]ies 7,,bell74 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,conclusion4 ,i h tri$ to %[ ! me?ods ( mod]n illu/ration1 & to give a sket* ( its pres5t conditions4 ,x w\ld be absurd to prophesy its future1 ?\gh ,i believe x w h a v brilliant "o4 ,mu* ( ! "w t is be+ turn$ out to-day is b5ea? contempt2 mu* ( x is done by "y m5 :o are absolutely un$ucat$1 & an illu/rator requires education z mu* z an au?or2 mu* ( x is done by p :o are too c>eless1 or too /upid1 to read or to und]/& ! ,,mss4 :i* !y illu/rate4 ,?us1 9 look+ ?r\gh late numb]s ( a magaz9e1 ,i le>n t all ! policem5 9 ,new ,york we> pat5t lea!r %oes2 :ile f ano!r ,i f9d t :5 p are v poor 9 ,france1 !y rock _! babies 9 log cab9 cradles1 cook _! meals on ,am]ican /oves & sit ^u ,*ipp5dale *airs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,a4 ,j4 ,,gask94 ,,f ,,old ,,fairy ,,tales 7,,me?u5 ,,& ,,co474 ,b x is a pleasure to turn f budd+ g5iuses ( ?is sort & photographic hacks2 f ! g5tlem5 :o copy ! imp]fections ( ! woodcut ( ! ,middle ,ages2 f ! p :o enl>ge ! bord]s ( _! magaz9es ) decorations t nei!r belong to our own "t1 nor are good examples ( any o!r2 f ^? :o h succe$$ 9 mak+ a c]ta9 portion ( ! _w believe t clumsy ecc5tricity is a cloak = all ! s9s 9 ! arti/ic cal5d>1 to illu/rators :o are calmly & quietly pursu+ _! pr(ession1 & produc+ "w :i* may ev5 drag o!r portions ( ! magaz9e or book1 to :i* !y contribute1 to an unm]it$ immortality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,laur5ce ,,h\sman4 ,,f ,a ,,f>m ,,9 ,,fairyl& 7,,kegan ,,paul74 ,i d n pret5d to =etell :at ! ultimate =m ( ! book ( ! future1 or ( ! magaz9e ei!r1 may be4 ,b ,i d believe t illu/ration is z important z any o!r bran* ( art1 w live z long z !re is any love = art1 long aft] ! claims ( ! work+ classes h be5 =gott51 & ! /atues ( ! /atesm51 :o are ! newspap] h]oes ( to-day1 h crumbl$ into du/1 unless pres]v$ because a sculptor ( di/9ction produc$ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,cotman4 ,,f ,,an ,,et*+ ,,9 ,,ar*itectural ,,antiquities ,,( ,,norm&y4 ,illu/ration is an important1 vital1 liv+ bran* ( ! f9e arts1 & x w fl\ri% = ev]4 ,,index4 ,abbey1 ,e4 ,a41 ,h]rick1 #abc2 ,old ,songs & ,quiet ,life1 #ajf1 #abd2 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu]1 #abd2 ,%akespe>e1 #abd4 ,abbots=d ,wav]ley ,novels1 #bf4 ,a*e1 ,c>an d'1 #ff2 ,c\rses dans l',antiquit1 ,c>net de ,*ques1 ,albums1 etc41 #fg1 #gi4 ,adams1 ,j4 ,a41 #bi4 ,albre*t1 ,e41 #gh4 ,alex&]1 ,miss1 xvii4 ,all]s1 ,c4 ,w41 #gh4 ,all+ham1 ,w41 ,! ,music ,ma/]1 #hh4 ,ally ,slop]'s ,half ,holiday1 #ajc4 ,am]ican illu/ration1 xv1 #cj-cb1 #aac1 #acj4 ,am]ican ,tract ,society1 #bi4 ,amicis1 ,e4 de1 #gj4 ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales1 #ajh4 ,&rew1 #be4 ,angelico1 ,fra1 #c4 ,ang]] & ,gs*l1 #gb4 ,ann+ ,bell1 ,r41 #aje4 ,aquat9t1 #ch4 ,arabian ,nights 7,lane71 #bd2 7,dalziel71 #ia1 #aja4 ,ar*itectural draw+1 #aaa4 ,argosy1 ,!1 #ij4 ,arme ,franaise1 ,l'1 #fj4 ,arm/ead1 ,h4 ,h41 #ij4 ,arnold1 ,sir ,edw91 ,japonica1 & ,japan1 #abf4 ,art1 ,l'1 #ea4 ,art1 ,l'1 et l',ide1 #ef4 ,art ,/ud5t1 #ce4 ,arti/-correspond5ts & _! 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