,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! fir/ "p ( ?is volume 7,septemb] #ahgi7 0 produc$ z ,project ,gut5b]g ,ebook #cjjdh4 ,! relevant "p ( ! table ( cont5ts has be5 extract$ f t docum5t4 ,! re/ ( ! ,transcrib] ,notes are at ! end ( ! ,book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,volume #cf1 ,issue #d ,publi%$ ,decemb] #ahgi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts4 ,,decemb]1 #ahgi4 ,,page ,! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,*ur*3 ,lett]s ,address$ to ! ,cl]gy4 ,by ,john ,rusk91 ,d4,c4,l4 #eci ,india "u ,"l ,lytton4 ,by ,lieut4-,colonel ,r4 ,d4 ,osborn #eec ,on ! ,utility to ,fl[]s ( _! ,beauty4 ,by ! ,hon4 ,ju/ice #egd ,:]e are we 9 ,art8 ,by ,lady ,v]ney #ehh ,life 9 ,con/ant9ople ,fifty ,ye>s ,ago4 ,by an ,ea/]n ,/atesman #fja ,miracles1 ,pray]1 & ,law4 ,by ,j4 ,boyd ,k9ne> #fag ,:at is ,r5t8 ,by ,pr(essor ,bonamy ,price #fcj ,buddhism & ,ja9ism4 ,by ,pr(essor ,moni] ,williams #fdd ,"l ,beaconsfield3-- #ffe ,i4 ,:y we ,foll[ ,him4 ,by a ,tory4 ,,ii4 ,:y we ,disbelieve 9 ,him4 ,by a ,:ig4 ,contempor>y ,life & ,?\ght 9 ,france4 ,by ,gabriel ,monod #fig 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,"l',s ,,pray] ,,& ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,,lett]s ,,address$ ,,by ,,john ,,rusk91 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,to ,,! ,,cl]gy4 ,! foll[+ lett]s1 :i* are /ill receiv+ ! c>eful consid]ation ( _m ( my bro!r cl]gy1 are1 at ! sugge/ion ( ! ,editor1 n[ pr9t$ 9 ! ,,contempor>y ,,review1 ) ! object ( elicit+ a fur!r & wid] expression ( op9ion4 ,9 addition to ! subjo9$ brief ,introductory ,address1 ,i desire "h to say t e read] ( ^! rem>kable lett]s %\ld rememb] t !y h proce$$ f ! p5 ( a v em95t layman1 :o has n _h ! advantage1 or disadvantage1 ( any special !ological tra9+2 b yet ^: ext5sive /udies 9 ,art h n prev5t$ him f fully recogniz+1 & boldly av[+1 8 belief t religion is ev]ybody's bus9ess1 & 8 n less ?an ano!r's4 ,! draught may be a bitt] "o = "s ( u2 b x is a salut>y m$ic9e1 & we ought n to %r9k f swall[+ x4 ,i %all be glad to receive su* expressions ( op9ion z ,i may be fav\r$ ) f ! ?\ghtful read]s ( ! ,,contempor>y ,,review4 ,^? comm5ts or replies1 along ) ! orig9al lett]s1 & an essay or comm5t>y f myself z editor1 w be publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,/rahan ,co41 & appe> e>ly 9 ! spr+2 ! volume be+ clos$ by a reply1 or ,epilogue1 f ,mr4 ,rusk9 himself4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,malleson1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,vic>age1 ,br\ghton-9-,furness4 ,,introduction4 ,! fir/ read+ ( ! ,lett]s to ! ,furness ,cl]ical ,society 0 prefac$ ) ! foll[+ rem>ks3-- ,a few words by way ( introduction w be absolutely necess>y be=e ,i proce$ to read ,mr4 ,rusk9's lett]s4 ,!y orig9at$ simply 9 a proposal ( m9e1 :i* met ) s ready & will+ a response1 t x almo/ seem$ l a simultane\s ?\ght4 ,!y are address$ nom9ally to myself1 z repres5t+ ! body ( cl]gy ^: secret>y ,i h ! hon\r to be2 !y are1 9 fact1 !re=e address$ to ?is ,society prim>ily4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( ! next mon? or two !y w also be read to two o!r ,cl]ical ,societies1--! ,ormskirk & ! ,brighton 7junior71--:o h acc$$ to my proposals ) mu* k9dness1 & 9 ! fir/ case h invit$ me ( _! own accord4 ,i h und]tak51 to ! be/ ( my ability1 to arrange & set d[n ! v>i\s expressions ( op9ion1 :i* w be freely utt]$4 ,9 s limit$ a "t1 _m :o may h mu* to say t w\ld be really valuable w f9d no "t to-day to deliv] x4 ,( ^! bre?r51 ,i beg t !y w d me ! fav\r to express _! views at _! leisure1 9 writ+4 ,! orig9al lett]s1 ! discussions1 ! lett]s :i* may be sugge/$1 & a few comm5ts ( ! ,editor's1 w be publi%$ 9 a volume :i* w appe>1 ,i tru/1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! next ye>4 ,i w n[1 if y please1 und]take ! some:at dang]\s responsibility ( av[+ my own impressions ( ! lett]s ,i am ab\t to read to y4 ,i own t ,i believe ,i see 9 ^! pap]s ! developm5t ( a pr9ciple ( ! deepe/ int]e/ & importance1--namely1 ! application ( ! highe/ & l(tie/ /&>d 9 ! int]pretation ( ! ,gospel message to ourselves z cl]gym51 & f ourselves to our congregations4 ,we h pl5ty else:]e ( doctr9e & dogma1 & undef9able %ades ( !ological op9ion4 ,let u turn at la/ to practical que/ions pres5t$ = our consid]ation by an em95t layman ^: field ( "w lies q z mu* 9 religion & e?ics1 z x does1 rea*+ to s spl5did an em95ce1 9 ,art4 ,a man is want$ to %[ to bo? cl]gy & laity some?+ ( ! full =ce & mean+ ( ,gospel tea*+4 ,_m !re are1 & ,i am ( ?is numb]1 ^: cry is ,exori>e aliquis4 ,i ask y1 if possible1 to d 9 an h\r :at ,i h be5 = ! la/ two mon?s try+ to d1 to dive/ myself ( old =ms ( ?\ght1 to ca/ (f self-indulg5t views ( our duty z m9i/]s ( religion1 to lift ourselves out ( ^? grooves 9 :i* we are apt to run s smoo?ly & s complac5tly1 p]suad+ ourselves t all is well j z x is1 & to endeav\r to /rike into a /]n]1 h>d] pa?1 beset ) difficulties1 b /ill ! pa? ( duty4 ,^! pap]s w dem& a close1 a pati5t1 & 9 "s places1 a few w ?9k1 an indulg5t consid]ation2 b z a :ole1 ! /&>d tak5 is1 z ,i firmly believe1 speak+ only = myself1 l(ty & ,*ri/ian1 to ! ext5t ( an almo/ ideal p]fection4 ,if we d g =w>d /raight 9 ! direction :i* ,mr4 ,rusk9 po9ts out1 ,i "k we %all come1 soon] or lat]1 to a *asm "r across our pa?4 ,"s ( u1 ,i hope1 w undaunt$ly cross x4 ,let ea* judge = himself1 ,greek3 t telei pi/9 ph]n4 ,,lett]s4 ,i4 ,,brantwood1 ,,coni/on1 ,,lanca%ire1 #bj? ,june1 #ahgi4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,malleson1--,i c\ld n at once answ] y\r important lett]3 =1 ?\gh ,i felt at once ! impossibility ( my v5tur+ to address su* an audi5ce z y propos$1 ,i am unwill+ to fail 9 answ]+ to any call relat+ to matt]s respect+ :i* my feel+s h be5 long 9 e>ne/1 if 9 any wise x may be possible = me to be ( s]vice !re94 ,my heal?--or want ( x--n[ utt]ly =bids my engagem5t 9 any duty involv+ excitem5t or acute intellectual ef=t2 b ,i ?9k1 be=e ! fir/ ,tuesday 9 ,augu/1 ,i might be able to write "o or two lett]s to y\rself1 ref]r+ to1 & m or less complet+1 "s passages already pr9t$ 9 ,=s & else:]e1 :i* might1 on y\r read+ any portions y ?\ght available1 become matt] ( discussion dur+ ! meet+ at "s leisure "t1 aft] its own ma9 purposes _h be5 answ]$4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,i w ?9k ov] :at ,i %\ld l1 & be able1 to repres5t to su* a meet+1 & only beg y n to ?9k me ins5sible ( ! hon\r done me by y\r wi%1 & ( ! gravity ( ! tru/ repos$ 9 me4 ,ev] mo/ fai?fully y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,,! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,malleson4 ,,ii4 ,,brantwood1 ,,coni/on1 #bcrd ,june1 #ahgi4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,malleson1--,walk+1 & talk+1 are n[ alike impossible to me2#a my /r5g? is gone = bo?2 nor d ,i believe talk+ on su* matt]s to be ( ! lea/ use except to promote1 betwe5 s5sible p1 k9dly feel+ & k ( ea* o!r's p]sonal *>act]s4 ,i h e tru/ 9 y\r k9dness & tru?2 nor d ,i fe> be+ myself misund]/ood by y2 :at ,i may be able to put into writt5 =m1 s z to admit ( be+ laid be=e y\r fri5ds 9 c\ncil1 mu/ be set d[n )\t any "q ( p]sonal feel+--z simply z a ma!matical "q or demon/ration4 ,! fir/ exact "q :i* x seems to me su* an assembly may he e>ne/ly call$ ^u by laym5 to solve1 is surely axiomatic3 ! def9ition ( !mselves z a body1 & ( _! bus9ess z su*4 ,namely3 z cl]gym5 ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 d !y consid] !mselves to be s call$ m]ely z ! atta*$ s]vants ( a p>ticul> /ate8 ,d !y1 9 _! quality ( guides1 hold a position simil> to t ( ! guides ( ,*am\ni or ,gr9delwald1 :o1 be+ a numb]$ body ( exam9$ & tru/wor?y p]sons belong+ to ^? sev]al villages1 h nev]!less no ,*am\ni/ or ,gr9delwaldi/ op9ions on ! subject ( ,alp9e geography or glaci] walk+3 b are prep>$ to put into practice a common & univ]sal sci5ce ( ,locality & ,a?letics1 f\nd$ on sure survey & successful practice8 ,are ! cl]gym5 ( ! ,ecclesia ( ,engl& ?us simply ! atta*$ & sal>i$ guides ( ,engl& & ! ,engli%1 9 ! way1 kn[n ( all good m51 t leade? unto life8--or are !y1 on ! contr>y1 a body ( m5 hold+1 or 9 any legal mann] requir$1 or compell$ to hold1 op9ions on ! subject--say1 ( ! height ( ! ,cele/ial ,m\nta9s1 ! crevasses :i* g d[n quicke/ to ! pit1 & o!r cognate po9ts ( sci5ce--diff]+ f1 or ev5 contr>y to1 ! t5ets ( ! guides ( ! ,*ur* ( ,france1 ! ,*ur* ( ,italy1 & o!r ,*ri/ian c\ntries8 ,is n ?is ! fir/ ( all que/ions :i* a ,cl]ical ,c\ncil has to answ] 9 op5 t]ms8 ,ev] affectionately y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,footnote #a3 ,9 answ] to ! proposal ( discuss+ ! subject dur+ a m\nta9 walk4 ,,iii4 ,,brantwood1 #f? ,july4 ,my fir/ lett] conta9$ a ,layman's plea = a cle> answ] to ! "q1 ,:at is a cl]gyman ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&8 ,suppos+ ! answ] to ?is fir/ to be1 t ! cl]gy ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& are tea*]s1 n ( ! ,gospel to ,engl&1 b ( ! ,gospel to all nations2 & n ( ! ,gospel ( ,lu!r1 nor ( ! ,gospel ( ,augu/9e1 b ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/1--!n ! ,layman's second "q w\ld be3 ,c ?is ,gospel ( ,*ri/ be put into su* pla9 words & %ort t]ms z t a pla9 man may und]/& x8--&1 if s1 w\ld x n be1 9 a q primal s5se1 desirable t x %\ld be s1 r ?an left to be ga!r$ out ( ,?irty-n9e ,articles1 writt5 by no means 9 cle> ,engli%1 & ref]r+1 = fur!r explanation ( exactly ! mo/ important po9t 9 ! :ole t5\r ( _! tea*+1#a to a ,homily ( ,ju/ification1#b :i* is n g5]ally 9 ! possession1 or ev5 probably )9 ! compreh5sion1 ( simple p]sons8 ,ev] fai?fully y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,footnote #a3 ,art xi4 ,footnote #b3 ,homily xi4 ( ! ,second ,table4 ,,iv4 ,,brantwood1 #h? ,july4 ,i am s v glad t y approve ( ! lett] plan1 z x enables me to build up :at ,i w\ld fa9 try to say1 ( little /ones1 )\t lift+ too mu* = my /r5g? at once2 & ! s5se ( address+ a fri5d :o und]/&s me & sympa?izes ) me prev5ts my be+ br\ght to a /& by cont9ual ne$ = apology1 or fe> ( giv+ (f5ce4 ,b yet ,i d n q see :y y %\ld feel my ask+ = a simple & compreh5sible /atem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel at />t+4 ,are y n bid to g into all ! _w & prea* x to e creature8 7,i %\ld myself ?9k ! cl]gyman1 mo/ likely to d good :o accept$ ! ,greek3 pas t ktisei s lit]ally z at lea/ to sympa?ize ) ,/4 ,francis' s]mon to ! birds1 & to feel t fe$+ ei!r %eep or f[ls1 or unmuzzl+ ! ox1 or keep+ ! wr5s alive 9 ! sn[1 w\ld be receiv$ by _! ,heav5ly ,fe$] z ! p]fect fulfilm5t ( ,8 ,fe$ my %eep 9 ! high] s5se47 ,t's all a p>5!sis2 = al?\gh ,i %\ld ?9k t y\r good company w\ld all agree t k9dness to animals 0 a k9d ( prea*+ to !m1 & t hunt+ & vivisection 7 a k9d ( blasphemy to !m1 ,i want only to put ! /]n] "q be=e y\r c\ncil1 h[ ?is ,gospel is to be prea*$ ei!r ,greek3 panta*\ or to ,greek3 panta ta e?n1 if fir/ its prea*]s h n det]m9$ q cle>ly :at x is8 ,& might n su* def9ition1 acceptable to ! entire body ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 be arriv$ at by m]ely expla9+1 9 _! complet5ess & life1 ! t]ms ( ! ,"l's ,pray]--! fir/ words taught to *ildr5 all ov] ! ,*ri/ian _w8 ,i w try to expla9 :at ,i mean ( its sev]al articles1 9 foll[+ lett]s2 & 9 answ] to ! "q ) :i* y close y\r la/1 ,i c only say t y are at p]fect lib]ty to use any1 or all1 or any p>ts ( !m1 z y ?9k good4 ,usually1 :5 ,i am ask$ if lett]s ( m9e may be pr9t$1 ,i say2 ,assur$ly1 provid$ only t y pr9t !m entire4 ,b 9 y\r h&s1 ,i )draw ev5 ?is condition1 & tru/ gladly to y\r judgm5t1 rema9+ always ,fai?fully & affectionately y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,,! ,,rev4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,malleson4 ,v4 ,,brantwood1 #aj? ,july4 ,my mean+1 9 say+ t ! ,"l's ,pray] might be made a f\ndation ( ,gospel-tea*+1 0 n t x conta9$ all t ,*ri/ian m9i/]s h to tea*2 b t x conta9s :at all ,*ri/ians are agre$ ^u z fir/ to be taught2 & t no good p>i%-work+ pa/or 9 any di/rict ( ! _w b w\ld be glad to take 8 "p 9 mak+ x cle> & liv+ to 8 congregation4 ,& ! fir/ clause ( x1 ( c\rse rightly expla9$1 gives u ! gr\nd ( :at is surely a mighty "p ( ! ,gospel--its fir/ & great comm&m5t1 namely1 t we h a ,fa!r :om we c love1 & are requir$ to love1 & to desire to be ) ,him 9 ,heav51 :]ev] t may be4 ,& to decl>e t we h su* a lov+ ,fa!r1 ^: m]cy is ov] all ,8 works1 & ^: w & law is s lovely & lovable t x is sweet] ?an honey1 & m preci\s ?an gold1 to ^? :o c ta/e & see t ! ,"l is ,good--?is1 surely1 is a mo/ pleasant & glori\s good message & spell to br+ to m5--z di/+ui%$ f ! evil message & accurs$ spell t ,satan has br\ght to ! nations ( ! _w in/ead ( x1 t !y h no ,fa!r1 b only a consum+ fire ready to dev\r !m1 unless !y are deliv]$ f its rag+ flame by "s s*eme ( p>don = all1 = :i* !y are to be ?ankful1 n to ! ,fa!r1 b to ! ,son4 ,suppos+ ?is fir/ article ( ! true ,gospel agre$ to1 h[ w\ld ! bless+ t closes ! epi/les ( t ,gospel become intelligible & liv+1 in/ead ( d>k & dead3 ,! grace ( ,*ri/1 & ! love ( ,god1 & ! fell[%ip ( ! ,holy ,gho/1--! mo/ t5d] ^w be+ t us$ ( ! ,fa!r8 ,,vi4 ,,brantwood1 #ab? ,july1 #ahgi4 ,i wond] h[ _m1 ev5 ( ^? :o hone/ly & att5tively jo9 9 our ,*ur* s]vices1 atta* any di/9ct idea to ! second clause ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ! fir/ petition ( x1 ! fir/ ?+ t !y are ord]$ by ,*ri/ to seek ( _! ,fa!r8 ,am ,i unju/ 9 ?9k+ t mo/ ( !m h little m notion on ! matt] ?an t ,god has =bidd5 bad language1 & wi%es !m to pray t ev]ybody may be respectful to ,him8 ,is x any o!rwise ) ! ,?ird ,comm&m5t8 ,d n mo/ look on x m]ely 9 ! light ( ! ,/atute ( ,swe>+8 & read ! words w n hold him guiltless m]ely z a passionless intimation t h[ev] c>elessly a man may let out a r\nd oa?1 !re really is some?+ wrong 9 x8 ,on ! o!r h&1 c any?+ be m trem5d\s ?an ! words !mselves--d\ble-negativ$3 ,greek3 ou g> m ka?>isi 444 kyrios8 ,= o!r s9s !re is wa%+2--= ?is1 none6 ! sev5? v]se1 ,ex4 xx41 9 ! ,septuag9t1 m>k+ ! real p[] r ?an ! ,engli%1 :i* 7,i suppose7 is lit]al to ! ,hebrew4 ,to my layman's m9d1 ( practical ne$s 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! ,*ur*1 no?+ is s imm$iate z t ( expla9+ to ! congregation ! mean+ ( be+ ga!r$ 9 ,8 "n1 & hav+ ,him 9 ! mid/ ( !m2 z1 on ! o!r h&1 ( be+ ga!r$ 9 blasphemy ( ,8 "n1 & hav+ ! devil 9 ! mid/ ( !m--presid+ ov] ! pray]s :i* h become an abom9ation4 ,= ! entire body ( ! texts 9 ! ,gospel aga9/ hypocrisy are "o & all no?+ b ! expansion ( ! ?reat5+ t closes ! ,?ird ,comm&m5t4 ,= z ! "n :]eby ,he %all be call$ is ! ,"l our ,righte\sness1--s ! tak+ t "n 9 va9 is ! sum ( ! deceivabl5ess ( unrighte\sness 9 !m t p]i%4 ,)\t dwell+ on ! possibility--:i* ,i d n myself1 h[ev]1 = a mom5t d\bt--( an hone/ cl]gyman's be+ able actually to prev5t ! entrance among 8 congregation ( p]sons lead+ op5ly wick$ lives1 c\ld any subject be m vital to ! purposes ( y\r meet+s ?an ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pres5t & ! probable /ate ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :i* w\ld result1 7 x m ! ef=t ( zeal\s p>i% prie/s1 in/ead ( gett+ wick$ poor p to come to *ur*1 to get wick$ ri* ones to /ay out ( x8 ,le/1 9 any discussion ( su* "q1 x might be1 z x too (t5 is1 alleg$ t ! ,"l looke? ^u ! he>t1 c41 let me be p]mitt$ to say--) z mu* positiv5ess z may express my deepe/ conviction--t1 :ile inde$ x is ! ,"l's bus9ess to look ^u ! he>t1 x is ! pa/or's to look ^u ! h&s & ! lips2 & t ! f\le/ oa?s ( ! ?ief & ! /reet-walk] are1 9 ! e>s ( ,god1 s9less z ! hawk's cry1 or ! gnat's murmur1 comp>$ to ! responses1 9 ! ,*ur* s]vice1 on ! lips ( ! usur] & ! adult]]1 :o h de/roy$1 n _! own s\ls only1 b ^? ( ! outca/ ones :om !y h made _! victims4 ,x is = ! meet+ ( cl]gym5 !mselves--n = a layman address+ !m--to ask fur!r1 h[ mu* ! "n ( ,god may be tak5 9 va91 & pr(an$ in/ead ( hall[$--9 ! pulpit1 z well z "u x4 ,ev] affectionately y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,,vii4 ,,brantwood1 #ad? ,july1 #ahgi4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,malleson1--,s9c]e ?anks = bo? y\r lett]s & ! pro(s s5t4 ,y\r comm5t & conduct+ l9k1 :5 ne$$1 w be ( ! greate/ help & value1 ,i am well assur$1 sugge/+ :at y "k w be ! probable feel+ ( y\r he>]s1 & ! po9t t w come into "q4 ,yes1 c]ta9ly1 t ,8 9 ! f\r? l9e#a 0 meant to imply t et]nal pres5ce ( ,*ri/2 z 9 ano!r passage1#b ref]r+ to ! ,creation1 :5 ,8 "r h& /rew$ ! sn[ on ,lebanon1 & smoo!d ! slopes ( ,calv>y1 b 9 s f> z we dwell on t tru?1 ,ha/ ?\ se5 ,me1 ,philip1 & n ! ,fa!r8 we are n tea*+ ! p :at is specially ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ z hav+ a di/9ct function--namely1 to s]ve ! ,fa!r1 & d ! ,fa!r's w4 ,& 9 all ,8 human relations to u1 & comm&s to u1 x is z ! ,son ( ,man1 n z ! p[] ( ,god & wisdom ( ,god1 t ,he acts & speaks4 ,n z ! ,p[]2 = ,he mu/ pray1 l "o ( u4 ,n z ! ,wisdom2 = ,he mu/ n "k if x be possible ,8 pray] %\ld be he>d4 ,& 9 :at ,i want to say ( ! ?ird clause ( ,8 pray] 7,81 n m]ely z ,8 ord]+1 b ,8 us+71 x is especially ?is comp>ison betwe5 ,8 k+dom1 & ,8 ,fa!r's1 t ,i want to see ! disciples gu>d$ aga9/4 ,i believe v few1 ev5 ( ! mo/ e>ne/1 us+ t petition1 realize t x is ! ,fa!r's--n ! ,son's--k+dom1 t !y pray may come1--al?\gh ! :ole pray] is f\ndational on t fact3 ,= ,,?9e is ! k+dom1 ! p[]1 & ! glory4 ,& ,i fancy t ! m9d ( ! mo/ fai?ful ,*ri/ians is q l$ away f its prop] hope1 by dwell+ on ! reign--or ! com+ aga9--( ,*ri/2 :i*1 inde$1 !y are to look =1 & wat* =1 b n to pray =4 ,_! pray] is to be = ! great] k+dom to :i* ,he1 ris5 & hav+ all ,8 enemies "u ,8 feet1 is to surr5d] ,81 t ,god may be ,all 9 ,all4 ,&1 ?\gh ! greate/1 x is t ev]la/+ k+dom :i* ! poore/ ( u c advance4 ,we _c ha/5 ,*ri/'s com+4 ,( ! day & ! h\r1 kn[e? none4 ,b ! k+dom ( ,god is z a gra9 ( mu/>d-se$3--we c s[ ( x2 x is z a foam-globe ( leav53--we c m+le x2 & its glory & its joy are t ev5 ! birds ( ! air c lodge 9 ! bran*es !re(4 ,=give me = gett+ back to my sp>r[s2 b truly1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ,engl&1 ! f[ls ( ! air are ! only creatures1 torm5t$ & murd]$ z !y are1 t yet h "h & !re ne/s1 & peace1 & joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,& x w\ld be well if _m ( u1 9 read+ t text1 ,! k+dom ( ,god is ,,n meat & dr9k1 _h ev5 got s f> z to ! und]/&+ t x 0 at lea/ z mu*1 & t until we _h f$ ! hungry1 !re 0 no p[] 9 u to inspire ! unhappy4 ,ev] affectionately y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,i w write my feel+ ab\t ! pieces ( ! ,life ( ,*ri/ y h s5t me1 9 a private lett]4 ,i may say at once t ,i am sure x w d mu* good1 & w be upright & intelligible1 :i* h[ few religi\s writ+s are6 ,footnote #a3 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s4 ,footnote #b3 ,ref]r+ to ! clos+ s5t5ce ( ! ?ird p>agraph ( ! fif? lett]1 :i* seem$ to express :at ,i felt c\ld n be ,mr4 ,rusk9's full mean+1 ,i po9t$ out to him ! foll[+ s5t5ce 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s3-- ,:51 9 ! des]t1 ,jesus 0 gird+ ,himself = ! "w ( life1 angels ( life came & m9i/]$ unto ,him2 n[1 9 ! fair _w1 :5 ,he is gird+ ,himself = ! "w ( dea?1 ! m9i/rants come to ,him f ! grave2 b f ! grave conqu]$4 ,"o f ! tomb "u ,ab>im1 :i* ,8 own h& _h seal$ long ago2 ! o!r f ! re/ :i* ,he _h ent]$ )\t see+ corruption4 ,on ?is ,i made a rem>k some:at to ! foll[+ effect3 t ,i felt sure ,mr4 ,rusk9 reg>d$ ! lov+ "w ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son to be equal 9 ! =giv5ess ( s9s & r$emption ( mank9d2 t :at is done by ! ,fa!r is 9 reality done also by ! ,son2 & t x is by a m]e accommodation to human infirmity ( und]/&+ t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is reveal$ to u 9 language1 inadequate inde$ to convey div9e tru?s1 b /ill ! only language possible2 & ,i ask$ :e!r "s su* feel+ 0 n pres5t 9 8 m9d :5 he us$ ! pron\n ,81 9 ! above passage f ,mod]n ,pa9t]s ( ! ,son1 :]e x w\ld be usually und]/ood ( ! ,fa!r2 & z a coroll>y1 :e!r1 9 ! lett]1 he does n himself fully recognize ! fact ( ! r$emption ( ! _w by ! lov+ self-sacrifice ( ! ,son 9 entire concurr5ce ) ! equally lov+ w ( ! ,fa!r4 ,?is1 z well z ,i c recollect1 is ! orig9 ( ! passage 9 ! second p>agraph 9 ! sev5? lett]4--,editor ( ,lett]s4 ,,viii4 ,,brantwood1 #i? ,augu/1 #ahgi4 ,i 0 read+ ! second *apt] ( ,mala*i ?is morn+ by *ance1 & wond]+ h[ _m cl]gym5 ev] read x1 & took to he>t ! comm&m5t = !m4 ,= !y are always ready en\gh to call !mselves prie/s 7?\gh !y "k !mselves to be no?+ ( ! sort7 :5ev] !re is any dignity to be got out ( ! title2 b1 :5ev] !re is any good1 hot scold+ or unpleasant advice giv5 !m by ! prophets1 9 t self-assum$ "* ( !irs1 !y are z ready to quit x z ev] ,dionysus 8 lion-sk91 :5 he f9ds ! "* ( ,h]akles inconv5i5t4 ,ye h we>i$ ! ,"l ) y\r words1 7yes1 & "s ( ,8 p1 too1 9 y\r "t73 yet ye say1 ,:]e9 h we we>i$ ,him8 ,:5 ye say1 ,e "o t doe? evil is good 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 & ,he delighte? 9 !m2 or1 ,:]e is ! ,god ( judgm5t8 ,h[ _m1 aga9 & aga9 ,i wond]1 ( ! lively "y ecclesia/ics suppli$ to ! increas+ dem& ( our we/-ends ( fl\ri%+ ,cities ( ! ,pla91 ev] consid] :at sort ( s9 x is = :i* ,god 7unless !y lay x to he>t7 w curse _! bless+s1 & spread dung ^u _! faces1 or h und]/ood1 ev5 9 ! dimme/ mann]1 :at "p !y _h tak51 & 7 tak+1 9 corrupt+ ! cov5ant ( ! ,"l ) ,levi1 & caus+ _m to /umble at ! ,law4 ,p]haps ! mo/ subtle & unconsci\s way 9 :i* ! religi\s tea*]s ^u :om ! ends ( ! _w are come1 h done ?is1 is 9 nev] tell+ _! p ! mean+ ( ! clause 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 :i*1 ( all o!rs1 _! mo/ e>ne/ he>]s h (t5e/ on _! lips3 ,?y w be done4 ,!y all[ _! p to use x z if _! ,fa!r's w 7 always to kill _! babies1 or d some?+ unpleasant to !m1 in/ead ( expla9+ to !m t ! fir/ & int5se/ article ( _! ,fa!r's w 0 _! own sanctification1 & foll[+ com=t & weal?2 & t ! "o only pa? to national prosp]ity & to dome/ic peace 0 to und]/& :at ! w ( ! ,"l 01 & to d all !y c\ld to get x done4 ,:]eas "o w\ld ?9k1 by ! tone ( ! eag]e/ prea*]s n[adays1 t !y held _! bless$ (fice to be t1 n ( %[+ m5 h[ to d _! ,fa!r's w on e>?1 b h[ to get to heav5 )\t do+ any ( x ei!r "h or !re6 ,i say1 especially1 ! mo/ eag] prea*]s2 = ne>ly ! :ole ,mission>y body 7) ! hotte/ ,evangeli/ic sect ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*7 is at ?is mom5t compos$ ( m5 :o ?9k ! ,gospel !y are to c>ry to m5d ! _w )1 =soo?1 is t1 ,if any man s91 he ha? an ,advocate ) ! ,fa!r2 :ile ,i h nev] yet1 9 my own exp]i5ce1 met ei!r ) a ,mission>y or a ,t[n ,bi%op :o s mu* z pr(ess$ himself to und]/& :at ! w ( ! ,"l 01 f> less to tea* anybody else to d x2 & = fifty prea*]s1 yes1 & fifty hundr$s :om ,i h he>d proclaim+ ! ,m$iator ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t !y :i* 7 call$ might receive ! promise ( et]nal inh]itance1 ,i h nev] yet he>d s mu* z "o he>tily proclaim+ aga9/ all ^? deceiv]s ) va9 words 7,eph4 v4 #f71 t no covet\s p]son :i* is an idolator ha? any inh]itance 9 ! k+dom ( ,*ri/1 or ( ,god2 & on myself p]sonally & publicly *all5g+ ! ,bi%ops ( ,engl& g5]ally1 & by "n ! ,bi%op ( ,man*e/]1 to say :e!r usury 01 or 0 n1 accord+ to ! w ( ,god1 ,i h receiv$ no answ] f any "o ( !m4#a #ac? ,augu/4 ,i h all[$ myself1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is lett]1 to dwell on ! equivocal use ( ! ^w ,prie/ 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur* 7see ,*ri/oph] ,h>vey1 ,gros>t's edition1 p4 #ch71 because ! assumption ( ! m$iatorial1 9 defect ( ! pa/oral1 (fice by ! cl]gy fulfils itself1 naturally & always1 9 _! pret5d+ to absolve ! s9n] f 8 puni%m5t1 in/ead ( purg+ him f 8 s92 & practically1 9 _! g5]al patronage & enc\ragem5t ( all ! iniquity ( ! _w1 by /eadily prea*+ away ! p5alties ( x4 ,s t ! great cities ( ! e>?1 :i* ought to be ! places set on its hills1 ) ! ,temple ( ! ,"l 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 to :i* ! tribes %\ld g up1--c5tres to ! ,k+doms & ,prov9ces ( ,hon\r1 ,virtue1 & ! ,k ( ! law ( ,god1--h become1 in/ead1 loa?some c5tres ( =nication & covet\sness--! smoke ( _! s9 go+ up into ! face ( ,heav5 l ! furnace ( ,sodom1 & ! pollution ( x rott+ & rag+ ?r\gh ! bones & ! s\ls ( ! peasant p r\nd !m1 z if !y 7 ea* a volcano ^: a%es broke out 9 bla9s ^u man & ^u bea/4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( !m1 _! fre%ly-set-up /eeples r+ ! cr[d to a weekly pray] t ! re/ ( _! lives may be pure & holy1 :ile !y h n ! slighte/ int5tion ( purify+1 sanctify+1 or *ang+ _! lives 9 any ! smalle/ p>ticul>2 & _! cl]gy ga!r1 ea* into himself1 ! curi\s dual p[]1 & ,janus-fac$ maje/y 9 mis*ief1 ( ! prophet t prophesies falsely1 & ! prie/ t be>s rule by 8 means4 ,& ! p love to h x s4 ,,brantwood1 #ab? ,augu/4 ,i am v glad ( y\r little note f ,brighton4 ,i ?\ght x ne$less to s5d ! two lett]s !re1 :i* y w f9d at home2 & !y pretty ne>ly end all ,i want to say2 = ! rema9+ clauses ( ! pray] t\* on ?+s too high = me4 ,b ,i w s5d y "o conclud+ lett] ab\t !m4 ,footnote #a3 ,=s ,clavig]a1 ,lett] lxxxii41 p4 #cbc4 ,,ix4 ,,brantwood1 #ai? ,augu/4 ,i reta9$ ! =ego+ lett] by me till n[1 le/ y %\ld ?9k x writt5 9 any ha/e or petulance2 b x is e ^w ( x delib]ate1 ?\gh express+ ! bitt]ness ( tw5ty ye>s ( va9 sorr[ & plead+ conc]n+ ^! ?+s4 ,nor am ,i able to write1 o!rwise1 any?+ ( ! next foll[+ clause ( ! pray]2--= no words c\ld be burn+ en\gh to tell ! evils :i* h come on ! _w f m5's us+ x ?\ghtlessly & blasphem\sly1 pray+ ,god to give !m :at !y are delib]ately resolv$ to /eal4 ,= all true ,*ri/ianity is kn[n--z its ,ma/] 0--9 break+ ( bread1 & all false ,*ri/ianity 9 /eal+ x4 ,let ! cl]gyman only apply--) imp>tial & level sweep--to 8 congregation1 ! great pa/oral ord]3 ,! man t w n "w1 nei!r %\ld he eat2 & be resolute 9 requir+ ea* memb] ( 8 flock to tell him :at--day by day--!y d to e>n _! d9n]s2--& he w f9d an entirely new view ( life & its sacram5ts op5 ^u him & !m4 ,= ! man :o is n--day by day--do+ "w :i* w e>n 8 d9n]1 mu/ be /eal+ 8 d9n]2 & ! actual fact is t ! great mass ( m51 call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians1 d actually live by robb+ ! poor ( _! bread1 & by no o!r trade :atsoev]3 & ! simple exam9ation ( ! mode ( ! produce & consumption ( ,european food--:o digs = x1 & :o eats x--w prove t to any hone/ human s\l4 ,nor is x possible = any ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to exi/ b 9 pollutions & hypocrisies beyond all words1 until ! virtues ( a life mod]ate 9 its self-indulg5ce1 & wide 9 its (fices ( temporal m9i/ry to ! poor1 are insi/$ on z ! normal conditions 9 :i*1 only1 ! pray] to ,god = ! h>ve/ ( ! e>? is o!r ?an blasphemy4 ,9 ! second place4 ,s9ce 9 ! p>able 9 ,luke1 ! bread ask$ = is %[n to be also1 & *iefly1 ! ,holy ,_s 7,luke xi4 #ac71 & ! pray]1 ,give u ea* day our daily bread1 is1 9 its fulness1 ! disciples'1 ,"l1 ev]more give u ?is bread1--! cl]gyman's "q to 8 :ole flock1 prim>ily lit]al3 ,*ildr51 h ye "h any meat8 mu/ ultimately be always ! great] spiritual "o3 ,*ildr51 h ye "h any ,holy ,_s8 or1 ,h ye n he>d yet :e!r !re be any8 &1 in/ead ( a ,holy ,gho/ ! ,"l & ,giv] ( ,life1 d y only believe 9 an unholy mammon1 ,"l & ,giv] ( ,dea?8 ,! opposition betwe5 ! two ,lords has be51 & w be z long z ! _w la/s1 absolute1 irreconcileable1 mortal2 & ! cl]gyman's fir/ message to 8 p ( ?is day is--if he be fai?ful--,*oose ye ?is day :om ye w s]ve4 ,ev] fai?fully y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,x4 ,,brantwood1 #crd ,septemb]4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,malleson1--,i h be5 v long be=e try+ to say s mu* z a ^w ab\t ! six? clause ( ! ,pat]2 = :5ev] ,i began ?9k+ ( x1 ,i 0 /opp$ by ! sorr[ful s5se ( ! hopeless task y poor cl]gym5 _h1 n[adays1 9 recomm5d+ & tea*+ p to love _! enemies1 :5 _! :ole en]gies 7 already devot$ to sw9dl+ _! fri5ds4 ,b1 9 any days1 pa/ or n[1 ! clause is "o ( su* difficulty1 t1 to und]/& x1 means almo/ to "k ! love ( ,god :i* passe? k4 ,b1 at all ev5ts1 x is surely ! pa/or's duty to prev5t 8 flock f misund]/&+ x2 & above all ?+s to keep !m f suppos+ t ,god's =giv5ess is to be _h simply = ! ask+1 by ^? :o wilfully s9 aft] !y h receiv$ ! k ( ! tru?4 ,!re is "o v simple lesson also1 ne$$ especially by p 9 circum/ances ( happy life1 :i* ,i h nev] he>d fully en=c$ f ! pulpit1 & :i* is usually ! m lo/ sight (1 because ! f9e & inaccurate ^w trespasses is s (t5 us$ in/ead ( ! simple & accurate "o debts4 ,among p well educat$ & happily circum/anc$ x may easily *ance t long p]iods ( _! lives pass )\t any su* consci\s s9 z c\ld1 on any discov]y or memory ( x1 make !m cry out1 9 tru? & 9 pa91--,i h s9n$ aga9/ ! ,"l4 ,b sc>cely an h\r ( _! happy days c pass ov] !m )\t leav+--7 _! he>ts op5--"s evid5ce writt5 !re t !y h left undone ! ?+s t !y ought to h done1 & giv+ !m bitt]] & heavi] cause to cry1 & cry aga9--= ev]1 9 ! pure words ( _! ,ma/]'s pray]1 ,dimitte nobis debita no/ra4 ,9 connection ) ! m accurate translation ( debts r ?an trespasses1 x w\ld surely be well to keep con/antly 9 ! m9d ( complac5t & in(f5sive congregations t 9 ,*ri/'s own prophecy ( ! mann] ( ! la/ judgm5t1 ! condemnation is pron\nc$ only on ! s9s ( omission3 ,i 0 hungry1 & ye gave me no meat4 ,b1 :atev] ! mann] ( s91 by (f5ce or defect1 :i* ! prea*] fe>s 9 8 p1 surely he has ( late be5 :olly remiss 9 compell+ _! def9ite recognition ( x1 9 its sev]al & p]sonal p>ticul>s4 ,no?+ 9 ! v>i\s inconsi/5cy ( human nature is m grotesque ?an its will+ness to be tax$ ) any quantity ( s9s 9 ! gross1 & its res5tm5t at ! ins9uation ( hav+ committ$ ! smalle/ p>cel ( !m 9 detail4 ,& ! ,engli% ,liturgy1 evid5tly drawn up ) ! amiable int5tion ( mak+ religion z pleasant z possible1 to a p desir\s ( sav+ _! s\ls ) no great degree ( p]sonal inconv5i5ce1 is p]haps 9 no po9t m un:olesomely l5i5t ?an 9 its concession to ! popul> conviction t we may obta9 ! pres5t advantage1 & escape ! future puni%m5t1 ( any sort ( iniquity1 by dext]\sly conceal+ ! mann] ( x f man1 & triumphantly confess+ ! quantity ( x to ,god4 ,f9ally1 :atev] ! advantages & dec5cies ( a =m ( pray]1 & h[ wide soev] ! scope giv5 to its collect$ passages1 x _c be at "o & ! same "t fitt$ = ! use ( a body ( well-taught & exp]i5c$ ,*ri/ians1 su* z %\ld jo9 ! s]vices ( a ,*ur* n9ete5 c5turies old1--& adapt$ to ! ne$s ( ! timid s9n] :o has t day fir/ ent]$ its por*1 or ( ! remorseful publican :o has only rec5tly become s5sible ( 8 call to a pew4 ,& surely our cl]gy ne$ n be surpris$ at ! daily increas+ di/ru/ 9 ! public m9d ( ! efficacy ( ,pray]1 aft] hav+ s long insi/$ on _! (f]+ supplication1 at lea/ e ,sunday morn+ at elev5 o'clock1 t ! re/ ( _! lives h]eaft] might be pure & holy1 leav+ !m consci\s all ! :ile t !y w\ld be simil>ly requir$ to in=m ! ,"l next week1 at ! same h\r1 t !re 0 no heal? 9 !m6 ,among ! mu* rebuk$ follies & abuses ( s-call$ ,ritualism1 none t ,i h he>d ( are inde$ s dang]\sly & d>kly ,ritual z ?is piece ( au?oriz$ mock]y ( ! mo/ solemn act ( human life1 & only entrance ( et]nal life--,rep5tance4 ,believe me1 de> ,mr4 ,malleson1 ,ev] fai?fully & respectfully y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,,xi4 ,,brantwood1 #ad? ,septemb]1 #ahgi4 ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,malleson1--,! g5tle words 9 y\r la/ lett] ref]r+ to ! diff]5ce betwe5 y\rself & me 9 ! degree ( hope ) :i* y c\ld reg>d :at c\ld n b appe> to ! g5]al m9d ,utopian 9 designs = ! action ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 surely might be/ be answ]$ by appeal to ! consi/5t tone ( ! pray] we h be5 exam9+4 ,is n e "o ( its petitions = a p]fect /ate8 & is n ?is la/ clause ( x1 ( :i* we are to ?9k to-day--if fully und]/ood--a petition n only = ! re/oration ( ,p>adise1 b ( ,p>adise 9 :i* !re %all be no deadly fruit1 or1 at lea/1 no tempt] to praise x8 ,& may we n admit t x is probably only = want ( ! e>ne/ use ( ?is la/ petition t n only ! prec$+ ones h become =mal ) u1 b t ! private & simply re/rict$ pray] = ! little ?+s we ea* sev]ally desire1 has become by "s ,*ri/ians dread$ & unus$1 & by o!rs us$ fai?lessly1 & !re=e ) disappo9tm5t8 ,& is x n = want ( ?is special directness & simplicity ( petition1 & ( ! s5se ( its acceptance1 t ! :ole nature ( pray] has be5 d\bt$ 9 our he>ts1 & disgrac$ by our lips2 t we are afraid to ask ,god's bless+ on ! e>?1 :5 ! sci5tific p tell u ,he has made previ\s arrangem5ts to curse x2 & t1 in/ead ( obey+1 )\t fe> or debate1 ! pla9 ord]1 ,ask1 & ye %all receive1 t y\r joy may be full1 we sorr[fully s9k back into ! apology = pray]1 t x is a :olesome ex]cise1 ev5 :5 fruitless1 & t we ought pi\sly always to suppose t ! text really means no m ?an ,ask1 & ye %all n receive1 t y\r joy may be empty8 ,suppos+ we 7 fir/ all ( u q sure t we _h pray$1 hone/ly1 ! pray] aga9/ temptation1 & t we w\ld ?ankfully be refus$ any?+ we _h set our he>ts ^u1 if inde$ ,god saw t x w\ld lead u into evil1 might we n h confid5ce aft]w>ds t ,he 9 ^: h& ! ,k+'s he>t is1 z ! riv]s ( wat]1 w\ld turn our t9y little he>ts also 9 ! way t !y %\ld g1 & t !n ! special pray] = ! joys ,he taught !m to seek w\ld be answ]$ to ! la/ syllable1 & to ov]fl[+8 ,x is surely sc>cely necess>y to say1 f>!r1 :at ! holy tea*]s ( all nations h inv>iably concurr$ 9 %[+1--t fai?ful pray] implies always correlative ex]tion2 & t no man c ask hone/ly or hopefully to be deliv]$ f temptation1 unless he has himself hone/ly & firmly det]m9$ to d ! be/ he c to keep out ( x4 ,b1 9 mod]n days1 ! fir/ aim ( all ,*ri/ian p>5ts is to place _! *ildr5 9 circum/ances :]e ! temptations 7:i* !y are apt to call opportunities7 may be z great & z _m z possible2 :]e ! sight & promise ( all ^! ?+s 9 ,satan's gift may be brilliantly ne>2 & :]e ! act ( fall+ d[n to wor%ip me may be p>tly conceal$ by ! %elt]1 & p>tly excus$1 z involunt>y1 by ! pressure1 ( ! concurr5t cr[d4 ,9 :at respect ! k+doms ( ! _w1 & ! glory ( !m1 diff] f ! ,k+dom1 ! ,p[]1 & ! ,glory1 :i* are ,god's = ev]1 is seldom1 z f> z ,i h he>d1 intelligibly expla9$ f ! pulpit2 & /ill less ! irreconcileable ho/ility betwe5 ! two royalties & realms ass]t$ 9 its /]nness ( decision4 ,:e!r x be1 inde$1 ,utopian to believe t ! k+dom we are taught to pray = may come--v]ily come--= ! ask+1 x is surely n = man to judge2 b x is at lea/ at 8 *oice to resolve t he w no long] r5d] ob$i5ce1 nor ascribe glory & p[]1 to ! ,devil4 ,if he _c f9d /r5g? 9 himself to advance t[>ds ,heav51 he may at lea/ say to ! p[] ( ,hell1 ,get !e beh9d me2 & /ay+ himself on ! te/imony ( ,him :o sai?1 ,surely ,i come quickly1 ratify 8 happy pray] ) ! fai?ful ,am51 ev5 s1 come1 ,"l ,jesus4 ,ev]1 my de> fri5d1 ,believe me affectionately & gratefully y\rs1 ,j4 ,,rusk94 ,,india ,,"u ,,"l ,,lytton4 ,"l ,lytton is fond ( public speak+1 & 8 m solemn spee*es are rem>kable = ! /ream ( abundant piety :i* runs ?r\gh !m4 ,n unfrequ5tly !y h tak5 ! =m ( addresses to "s unkn[n p[]1 r ?an disc\rses deliv]$ to a mundane audi5ce4 ,he signaliz$ 8 accession to (fice by "o ( ^! semi-!ological orations to ! memb]s ( ,c\ncil assembl$ to meet him at ,gov]nm5t ,h\se1 ,calcutta4 ,he said3-- ,g5tlem51 x is my f]v5t pray]1 t a ,p[] high] ?an t ( any e>?ly ,gov]nm5t may inspire & bless ! progress ( our c\nsels2 grant+ me1 ) y\r valu$ assi/ance1 to direct !m to su* issues z may prove conducive to ! hon\r ( our c\ntry1 to ! au?ority & pre/ige ( its augu/ ,sov]eign1 to ! progressive well-be+ ( ! millions committ$ to our fo/]+ c>e1 & to ! security ( ! *iefs & pr9ces ( ,india1 z well z ( our allies beyond ! fronti]1 9 ! undi/urb$ enjoym5t ( _! j rights & h]$it>y possessions4 ,! sequel r5d]s x probable t by a p[] high] ?an any e>?ly ,gov]nm5t1 ,"l ,lytton und]/ood no?+ m remote f human k5 ?an ! w ( ,"l ,beaconsfield4 ,at any rate1 ! pray] 0 reject$2 & "u ! influ5ce ( a p]v]se de/9y1 ! ,vic]oy has be5 s+l$ out to accompli% precisely ^? acts f :i* he entreat$ to be deliv]$4 ,! valu$ assi/ance ( 8 colleagues 9 c\ncil he has sy/ematically set at n\ght & reject$2 ! millions committ$ to 8 fo/]+ c>e he has 7z ,i %all %[7 p]mitt$ to p]i% ( hung] "u circum/ances ( peculi> cruelty2 & ,i ne$ n say t he has entirely fail$ 9 8 endeav\rs to pres]ve our allies beyond ! fronti] 9 ! undi/urb$ enjoym5t ( _! j rights & h]$it>y possessions4 ,x is ! /ory ( ^! inconsi/5cies :i* ,i propose to tell 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,9 ! read+ !y c h>dly fail to awak5 a smile2 b 9 ! act+ !y h br\ght suff]+1 pov]ty1 & dea? ^u ?\s&s ( innoc5t p4 ,?r\gh\t ,india !y h %ak5 ! confid5ce ( ! p 9 ! humanity1 ju/ice1 & tru?fulness ( ! ,briti% "*2 & h1 z ,i believe1 br\ght our ,indian ,empire to ! v]ge ( a cata/rophe1 f :i* no?+ b a complete & imm$iate rev]sal ( policy w avail to save x4 ,! rule t we h set up 9 ,india is s h>d & me*anical 9 its "*--x has s entirely fail$ to /rike root 9 ! affections ( ! natives--t a v brief p]iod ( misgov]nm5t suffices to provoke an insurrection4 ,?is is occasion$ ma9ly by two causes--! exclusive sy/em on :i* ,india is adm9i/]$1 & ! abs5ce ( all int]communion 79 any true s5se ( ! ^w7 betwe5 ! rul+ & ! subject races4 ,x is n too mu* to say t "u ! pres5t sy/em e native ( ambition1 ability1 or education1 is ( necessity a c5tre ( disaffection t[>ds ,briti% rule4 ,= )9 ! area ( ,briti% rule ! asc5d5cy ( /rang]s makes him an ali5 9 8 native l& )\t scope = 8 p[] or hopes = 8 ambition2 & beyond t area ! possession ( ability awak5s ! di/ru/ & unconceal$ dislike ( ,engli% (ficialism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to ! great mass ( ! p1 ! ,engli% (ficial is simply an enigma4 ,_! relations ) him are almo/ exclusively (ficial4 ,! magi/rate ( a di/rict is little m to !m ?an a piece ( ma*9]y possess+ p[]s to kill & tax & imprison4 ,su* pieces ( ma*9]y !y behold1 z ,c>lyle w\ld say1 9 endless succession em]g+ f ! inane1 kill+ & tax+ = a "t1 & !n vani%+ aga9 into ! inane4 ,b ! p "k n :5ce !y come1 or :i!r !y g2 _! voices g = no?+ 9 ! selection ( ?is human ma*9]y :i* hold _! =tunes 9 its p[]4 ,! great adm9i/rative mill goes gr9d+ on1 impell$ by =ces ( :i* !y h no k2 & ! p are m]ely ! passive1 unresi/+ gri/ :i* is gr\nd up ye> aft] ye>4 ,a truly frightful & unnatural /ate ( ?+s6 ,x is impossible t a dom9ion ?us con/itut$ %\ld be o!rwise ?an transitory4 ,b ev5 = a brief space its peaceful cont9uance is possible only "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,! abs5ce ( ei!r loyalty or ?or\gh und]/&+ 9 ^? :o are rul$1 mu/ be made good by ! pla9e/ rectitude ( purpose on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & ?or\ghly g5u9e & successful adm9i/ration4 ,if su* a ,gov]nm5t z we h set up 9 ,india does n adh]e /rictly to ! lett] & ! _s ( its engagem5ts--if x _c insure ! physical well-be+ ( its subjects--x is simply good = no?+2 because1 f its v nature1 x _c a*ieve any?+ m ?an ?is4 ,x 0 ! fir/ ( ^! conditions t ,"l ,dalh\sie ?\ght he might safely set at n\ght2 & 9 five ye>s he br\ght d[n ^u u ! t]rible retribution ( #aheg4 ,b ,"l ,dalh\sie 01 at lea/1 s9c]ely anxi\s to secure ! physical well-be+ ( ! p4 ,he /ruck at ! *iefs & pr9ces ( ,india because he believ$ t !y /ood 9 ! way ( t well-be+4 ,he 0 entirely mi/ak52 b nev]!less he ?rew d[n only "o ( ! pill>s on :i* our rule is su/a9$1 & :5 ! ,mut9y came ^u u1 ! bulk ( ! p rema9$ loyal4 ,"l ,lytton has und]m9$ ! f\ndations ( bo? pill>s1 & a v brief cont9uance ( 8 policy w br+ !m d[n ) a cra%4 ,h[ ?is has be5 accompli%$ ,i h n[ to relate4 ,i beg9 ) 8 policy on ! ,fronti]1 because all ! o!r transactions ( :i* ,i %all h to speak are connect$ ) t policy1 z effects ) _! cause4 ,! ,negotiations ) ,%]e ,ali4 ,despite ( all t has be5 writt5 & said on ! subject1 to mo/ p ! orig9 ( ! w> 9 ,afghani/an appe>s involv$ 9 z great obscurity z ev]4 ,lead+ ,lib]al politicians are 9 ?is b5ight$ condition n less ?an ! rank & file ( ! ,tories4 ,m p ?an =m]ly are will+ to admit t ! ,gov]nm5t 0 ra% & mi/ak5 9 its calculations--t ! ,treaty ( ,gundamuck has n fulfill$ ! expectations x awak5$2 b a w> ( "s k9d1 !y believe1 0 =c$ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t by ! attitude ( ,russia & ! disposition ( ! ,ame]4 ,?is belief is entirely errone\s4 ,! w> 0 a w> ( delib]ately plann$ aggression1 entirely unju/ifi$ ei!r by ! attitude ( ,russia or ! disposition ( ! ,ame]4 ,unless we p]ceive ?is we are n 9 a position to =m a s\nd e/imate ( ! effect wr\ght 9 ! m9ds ( ! pr9ces & p ( ,india4 ,! wanton "* ( ! w> is1 !re=e1 ! fir/ ?+ ,i mu/ demon/rate4 ,:5 ,"l ,lytton rea*$ ,india1 ! situation 9 ,afghani/an 0 z foll[s3--,! late ,ame] ,%]e ,ali _h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a degree ( ord] ?r\gh\t ,afghani/an1 to :i* ! c\ntry _h be5 a /rang] = _m ye>s4 ,8 (fic]s 7 loyal & devot$2 intrigue & rebellion _h ev]y:]e fail$ to make headway2 & he 0 on t]ms ( s9c]e fri5d%ip ) ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al at ,calcutta4 ,!re 01 at ?is "t1 no fe> t ! ,russians 9 ,c5tral ,asia desir$ to ex]cise any unw>rantable influ5ce 9 ,afghani/an2 on ! contr>y1 9 ! despat* to ,"l ,nor?brook's ,gov]nm5t1 9 :i* ,"l ,salisbury prop\nd$ 8 new policy ( e/abli%+ a p]man5t ,embassy at ,kabul1 he said-- ,i d n desire1 by ! obs]vations :i* ,i h made1 to convey to y\r ,excell5cy ! impression t1 9 ! op9ion ( h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t1 ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t h any int5tion ( violat+ ! fronti] ( ,afghani/an4444 ,x is und\bt$ly true t ! rec5t advances 9 ,c5tral ,asia h be5 r =c$ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg ?an orig9at$ by !m1 & t _! ef=ts1 at pres5t1 are s9c]ely direct$ to ! prev5tion ( any movem5t :i* may give j umbrage to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! political horizon 01 !re=e1 cl\dless at ! mom5t select$ by ,"l ,salisbury = a radical *ange ( policy 9 ,afghani/an4 ,?is v fact w\ld h suffic$ to ar\se ! suspicions ( ! ,ame]4 ,"l ,salisbury has s9ce express$ 8 conviction t if ,"l ,nor?brook _h made ! proposal1 ! ,ame] w\ld h accept$ ! p]man5t ,embassy1 & bo? he & we %\ld h be5 sp>$ ! calamities :i* result$ f delay4 ,b at ! "t ,"l ,salisbury s5t 8 in/ructions to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india he ?\ght o!rwise4 ,he _h !n no d\bt t if ! ,ame] 0 ask$ 9 s _m words to receive a p]man5t ,mission 9 ,afghani/an1 ! ,ame] w\ld refuse4 ,b he ?\ght x 0 possible to fa/5 a ,mission on him by means ( a deception4 ,! fir/ /ep ,"l ,salisbury wrote to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 9 e/abli%+ our relations ) ! ,ame] on a m satisfactory foot+ w be to induce him to receive a tempor>y ,embassy 9 8 capital4 ,x ne$ n be publicly connect$ ) ! e/abli%m5t ( a p]man5t ,mission )9 8 dom9ions4 ,!re w\ld be _m advantages 9 o/5sibly direct+ x to "s object ( small] political int]e/1 :i* x w n be difficult = y\r ,excell5cy to f9d1 or if ne$ be1 to create4 ,i h1 !re=e1 to in/ruct y 444 )\t any delay t y c reasonably avoid1 to f9d "s occasion = s5d+ a ,mission to ,kabul4 ,"l ,nor?brook1 z is well kn[n1 decl9$ to c>ry out ?is +5i\s plan = ov]rea*+ ! ,ame]1 & break+ ! pl$ge t we _h giv5 n to =ce ,engli% (fic]s ^u him4 ,he resign$ almo/ imm$iately aft] ! receipt ( ! despat* sett+ =? ! new policy1 & 0 succe$$ by ,"l ,lytton4 ,x is g5]ally assum$ t ,"l ,lytton came to ,india *>g$ ) ! execution ( no o!r policy ?an t to :i* ,"l ,nor?brook _h decl9$ to ass5t4 ,b ?is assumption is incompatible ) ! l9e ( action pursu$ by ,"l ,lytton4 ,?is mu*1 h[ev]1 is cle> already4 ,! new policy1 :atev] x 01 0 n =c$ ^u ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 ei!r by ! ali5ation ( ! ,ame] or ! intrigues ( ,russia4 ,!y ent]$ ^u x at a "t :51 by _! own confession1 ! sky 0 cle>4 ,afghani/an 0 9 ! enjoym5t ( an unprec$5t$ quiet & prosp]ity2 ! ,ame] 0 conduct+ 8 =eign policy 9 accordance ) our wi%es2 & ! ef=ts ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7 s9c]ely direct$ to ! prev5tion ( any movem5t :i* might give j umbrage to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,s f> z ,india 0 conc]n$1 ! condition ( ! c\ntry call$ al\d = a policy devot$ to int]nal re=m & retr5*m5t4 ,! limit ( endurable taxation _h be5 rea*$2 ! army imp]atively ne$$ ?or\gh reorganization2 & ! p & ! l& 7 /ill be+ sc\rg$ by fam9e ^u fam9e ( ! mo/ appall+ "*4 ,n[1 if ! ,engli% ,cab9et _h no designs 9 _! fronti] policy except to e/abli% ,briti% ag5ts 9 ,afghani/an1 )\t brea* ( pre-exi/+ arrangem5ts1 & ) ! free concurr5ce ( ! ,ame]1 x is pla9 t = su* a policy concealm5t 0 unnecess>y4 ,yet1 until ! actual outbreak ( ho/ilities1 ! negotiations ) ! ,ame] 7 kept hidd5 f ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t & ! nation4 ,! fact is1 t 9 ! in/ructions giv5 to ,"l ,lytton be=e 8 dep>ture f ,engl&1 ,"l ,salisbury anticipates ! refusal ( ! ,ame] to agree to ! new policy1 & po9ts out :at1 9 t case1 is to be done3-- #aa4 ,if ! language & demean\r ( ! ,ame] be su* z to promise no satisfactory result ( ! negotiations ?us op5$1 8 ,highness %\ld be di/9ctly rem9d$ t he is isolat+ himself at 8 own p]il f ! fri5d%ip & protection x is 8 int]e/ to seek & des]ve4444 #bh4 ,! conduct ( ,%]e ,ali has m ?an once be5 *>act]iz$ by s significant a disreg>d ( ! wi%es & int]e/s ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 t ! irretrievable ali5ation ( 8 confid5ce 9 ! s9c]ity & p[] ( t ,gov]nm5t is a cont+5cy :i* _c be dismiss$ z impossible4 ,%\ld su* a fe> be confirm$ by ! result ( ! propos$ negotiation1 no "t mu/ be lo/ 9 reconsid]+1 f a new po9t ( view1 ! policy to be pursu$ 9 ref]5ce to ,afghani/an4 ,^! in/ructions cle>ly e/abli% ! foll[+ po9ts3--,!y %[ t ! new policy1 :atev] x 01 0 expect$ irretrievably to de/roy ! confid5ce ( ! ,ame] 9 ! s9c]ity ( ! ,gov]nm5t2 & t1 9 t case1 ! ,ame] 0 to be in=m$ t he _h =feit$ our fri5d%ip & protection1 & a new policy 0 imm$iately to be adopt$ t[>ds ,afghani/an4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! fir/ note ( w>4 ,all ?is "t !re 0 no pressure ^u ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t occasion$ by ! attitude ( ,russia4 ,our relations ) ,russia 7 excell5t4 ,on ! #e? ,may1 #ahgf1 ,mr4 ,disraeli said 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ,i believe1 inde$1 t at no "t has !re be5 a bett] und]/&+ betwe5 ! ,c\rts ( ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,pet]sburg ?an at ?is pres5t mom5t1 & !re is ?is good und]/&+ because our policy is a cle> & frank policy4 ,s "h we h ! pro(1 t 9 a season ( p]fect calm1 ! ,m9i/ry comm5c$ a policy = ! irretrievable ali5ation ( ! ,ame]1 & s5t ,"l ,lytton to ,india 9 ord] to execute x4 ,"l ,lytton ent]$ ) ze/ into ! _s ( ^! s+ul> in/ructions1 & set to "w to ali5ate ! ,ame] ) ! utmo/ vig\r4 ,he politely caus$ him to be in=m$ t he 7! ,ame]7 0 an e>!n pipk9 betwe5 two iron pots2 t if he did n come to a spe$y und]/&+ ) u1 ! two iron pots w\ld comb9e to cru% him out ( exi/5ce altoge!r4 ,z matt]s n[ /&1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t is able to p\r an ov]:elm+ =ce into ,afghani/an1 :i* c\ld be spread r\nd him z a r+ ( iron1 b if he became our enemy1 x c\ld break him z a re$4 ,our only int]e/ 9 ma9ta9+ ! indep5d5ce ( ,afghani/an is to provide = ! security ( our own fronti]4 ,if we ceas$ to reg>d x z a fri5dly ,/ate1 !re 0 no?+ to prev5t u com+ to an und]/&+ ) ,russia :i* w\ld wipe ,afghani/an out ( ! map = ev]4 ,w\ld any man1 ,i ask1 address ^! insults & m5aces to "o ^: fri5d%ip & confid5ce he 0 desir\s to ga98 ,x mu/ be pla9 to e reasonable p]son t ,briti% (fic]s c\ld only !n be e/abli%$ 9 ,afghani/an ) safety to !mselves1 & utility to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 :5 !y 7 admitt$ ) ! free concurr5ce ( ! ,ame] & 8 p4 ,a concession ( ?is nature1 if extort$ by means ( m5aces & insults1 w\ld be1 by t v circum/ance1 depriv$ ( all value4 ,& ! fact is 7z ! read] w p]ceive imm$iately7 ,"l ,lytton 0 n s9c]e 9 ! propositions he made to ! ,ame]4 ,he _h no wi% t ! ,ame] %\ld come to a spe$y und]/&+ ) him2 & z soon z he saw t su* a result 0 imp5d+1 he broke (f all int]c\rse ) him4 ,"l ,lytton *>g$ ! ,briti% ,vakeel1 ,atta ,mohamm$ ,khan1 to convey to ! ,ame] ,%]e ,ali ! am5ities ,i h j quot$ ab\t ! pipk91 ! iron pots1 & ! re/ ( x4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,vakeel 0 in/ruct$ to propose a meet+ at ,pe%awur betwe5 ,sir ,lewis ,pelly1 z ! repres5tative ( ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t1 & ,noor ,mohamm$ ,%ah1 ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,ame]4 ,! basis ( negotiations betwe5 !m 0 to be ! admission ( ,briti% (fic]s to c]ta9 places 9 ! t]ritories ( ! ,ame]4 ,unless ! ,ame] 0 prep>$ to conc$e ?is1 z a prelim9>y condition1 !re 0 no good 9 8 s5d+ a repres5tative to conf] ) ,sir ,lewis ,pelly4 ,great 0 ! con/]nation at ! ,c\rt ( ! ,ame] :5 our ,vakeel unfold$ ! message ) :i* he 0 *>g$4 ,!y b[$ be=e ! /orm2 & on ,decemb] #ba1 #ahgf1 ,atta ,mohamm$ ,khan wrote to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 t ! ,ame]1 ?\gh /ill dislik+ to receive ,engli% (fic]s1 w\ld on acc\nt ( ! insi/5ce ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 yield ! po9t2 b only aft] 8 ,m9i/] _h1 at ! conf]5ce1 made repres5tations ( 8 views & /at$ all 8 difficulties4 ,behold1 !n1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india arriv$ at ! goal ( its desires4 ,! ,ame] cons5ts to receive ,engli% (fic]s if1 aft] he>+ all 8 reasons1 ,"l ,lytton rema9s conv9c$ ( ! exp$i5cy ( t policy4 ,b :at foll[s8 ,! conf]5ce is begun2 b :ile ! discussions 7 /ill unf9i%$1 ,noor ,mohamm$ ,%ah fell sick1 & di$2 & !n :at 0 ! action ( ,"l ,lytton8 ,i quote 8 own words3-- ,at ! mom5t :5 ,sir ,lewis ,pelly 0 clos+ ! conf]5ce1 8 ,highness 0 s5d+ to ! ,mir ,akhir in/ructions to prolong x by e means 9 8 p[]2 a fre% ,envoy 0 already on 8 way f ,kabul to ,pe%awur2 & x 0 report$ t ?is ,envoy _h au?ority to accept ev5tually all ! conditions ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,vic]oy 0 aw>e ( ^! facts :5 he in/ruct$ our ,envoy to close ! conf]5ce4 ,! clos+ ( ! conf]5ce 0 foll[$ by ! )drawal f ,kabul ( ! ,briti% ag5cy :i* _h be5 e/abli%$ !re = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 & ! susp5sion ( all int]c\rse betwe5 u & ! ,ame]4 ,!re is b "o conclusion possible f ^! /range proce$+s4 ,! dem&s made ^u ! ,ame] 7 made 9 ! hope t he w\ld refuse to conc$e !m1 & s furni% ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t ) a pretext = attack+ him4 ,! la/ ?+ :i* ,"l ,lytton desir$ 0 t ! ,ame] %\ld accept 8 dem&s4 ,&1 !re=e1 z soon z x became app>5t t ,%]e ,ali 0 prep>$ to d ?is r ?an =feit ! protection & fri5d%ip ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 ,"l ,lytton broke up ! conf]5ce1 :i* 7be x rememb]$7 he _h himself propos$4 ,"l ,lytton1 n ,%]e ,ali1 )\t provocation or o/5sible cause1 assumes t[>ds ,afghani/an an attitude ( isolation & sc>cely veil$ ho/ility2 & ,"l ,salisbury ?us comm5ts ^u ! situation 7,octob] #d1 #ahgg73-- ,9 ! ev5t ( ! ,ame] 444 spontane\sly manife/+ a desire to come to a fri5dly und]/&+ ) y\r ,excell5cy1 on ! basis ( ! t]ms lately (f]$ to1 b decl9$ by him1 8 advances %\ld n be reject$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he cont9ues to ma9ta9 an attitude ( isolation & sc>cely veil$ ho/ility1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 444 w be at lib]ty to adopt su* measures = ! protection & p]man5t tranquillity ( ! ,nor?-,we/ fronti] ( h] ,maje/y's ,indian dom9ions z ! circum/ances may r5d] exp$i5t1 )\t reg>d to ! wi%es ( ! ,ame] ,%]e ,ali or ! int]e/s ( 8 dyna/y4 ,"h1 at la/1 we get at ! v]itable purpose ( ?is tortu\s policy4 ,z we suspect$1 ! t]ms (f]$ to ! ,ame]1 & unhappily n decl9$ by him1 7 a m]e pret5ce4 ,! real object 0 ! protection ( ! ,nor?-,we/ fronti]--9 o!r words1 ! acquisition ( a sci5tific fronti]--)\t reg>d to ! wi%es ( ! ,ame]1 or ! int]e/s ( 8 dyna/y4 ,! ,ame] 0 to be irretrievably ali5at$ by m5ac+ 8 indep5d5ce2 & !n ! irretrievable ali5ation 0 to be made ! pretext = c>ry+ ! m5ace into execution4 ,:at ! sci5tific fronti] 0 ! read] w f9d1 if he ref]s to my article on ,india & ,afghani/an1 9 ! ,octob] numb] ( ?is ,,review4 ,! ?reat1 h[ev]1 = reasons ,i %all /ate pres5tly1 c\ld n be c>ri$ into execution at once4 ,! negotiations at ,pe%awur 7 c>efully conceal$ f ! k ( ! public4 ,nei!r 9 ,india nor 9 ,engl& 0 x kn[n t ! ,briti% ag5cy 0 )drawn f ,kabul4 ,! ,pione]--! (ficial j\rnal 9 ,india--0 in/ruct$ to in=m its read]s t ! ,ame] 0 animat$ ) feel+s ( ! utmo/ cordiality t[>ds u2 & ,"l ,lytton made a spee* 9 ! ,c\ncil ,*amb] exp\nd+ 8 fronti] policy4 ,he glanc$ fir/ at ! policy ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,8 s5sitive _s 0 mu* griev$ by its apa!tic "*4 ,x seem$ to him a!i/ic1 & inhuman1 & inconsi/5t ) our high duties to ,god & man z ! greate/ civiliz+ ,p[]4 ,!n1 w>m+ ) 8 subject1 he set =? 8 own idea ( a fronti] policy 9 ! foll[+ gr&iloqu5t fa%ion3-- ,i consid] t ! safe/ & /ronge/ fronti] ,india c possibly possess w\ld be a belt ( indep5d5t fronti] ,/ates1 ?r\gh\t :i* ! ,briti% "n is hon\r$ & tru/$2 )9 :i* ,briti% subjects are welcom$ & respect$1 because !y are subjects ( a ,gov]nm5t kn[n to be unselfi% z x is p[]ful1 & resolute z x is humane2 by :i* our advice is foll[$ )\t suspicion1 & our ^w reli$ on )\t misgiv+1 because ! fir/ has be5 ju/ifi$ by good results1 & ! second nev] quibbl$ away by timor\s sub-int5ts or tricky sav+ clauses--a belt ( ,/ates1 9 %ort1 ^: *iefs & populations %\ld h e int]e/1 & e desire1 to co-op]ate ) our own (fic]s 9 pres]v+ ! peace ( ! fronti]1 develop+ ! res\rces ( _! own t]ritories1 augm5t+ ! weal? ( _! own treasuries1 & v9dicat+ 9 ! eyes ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n _w _! title to an indep5d5ce1 ( :i* we are ourselves ! *ief well-wi%]s & support]s4 ,x is h>dly cr$ible t ! same man :o gave expression to ^! magnific5t s5tim5ts _h j caus$ ! ,ame] to be in=m$ t he did n reg>d ! promises made to ,%]e ,ali1 by ,lords ,nor?brook & ,mayo1 z b9d+ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 because !y 7 v]bal4 ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,vic]oy1 said ,sir ,lewis ,pelly to ! ,ame]'s ,envoy1 in/ructs me to in=m y\r ,excell5cy pla9ly1 t ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t nei!r recognizes1 nor has recogniz$1 ! obligation ( ^! promises4 ,& ! (ficial j\rnal call$ ^u ,india to rejoice1 because "o result ( ! conf]5ce _h be5 ! cancell+ ( ^! v]bal promises & engagem5ts1 :i* ! ,gov]nm5t _h f\nd v emb>rass+4 ,x is pla9 f ! =ego+ t ,%]e ,ali 0 a doom$ man long be=e ! appe>ance ( a ,russian ,mission 9 8 capital4 ,we did n decl>e w> at once1 simply because we 7 !n 9 dang] ( a w> ) ,russia 9 ,bulg>ia4 ,& ! ,gov]nm5t 7 /ill possess$ ( suffici5t prud5ce n to attempt an invasion ( ,afghani/an simultane\sly ) a campaign on ! ,balkans4 ,b ! sore 0 c>efully kept op5 by our attitude ( isolation & sc>cely veil$ ho/ility2 & if ! ,russian ,embassy _h n appe>$ 9 ,kabul1 "s o!r pretext = w> w\ld indubitably h be5 f\nd4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india--or r ,"l ,lytton--affect$ to be greatly al>m$ at ! adv5t ( ?is ,russian ,mission1 b 8 subsequ5t proce$+s %[ t he seiz$ ^u ! incid5t ) gre$9ess z enabl+ him to c>ry out 8 long-m$itat$ project = ! de/ruction ( an old & fai?ful ally4 ,a s+le fact w suffice to prove ?is4 ,:at ,i h already relat$ %[s t1 up to ?is "t1 ! ,ame] ,%]e ,ali _h giv5 u no cause ( qu>rel :atev]4 ,he _h be5 desir\s1 aga9/ ! dictates ( 8 own judgm5t1 to agree to :at 0 ask$ ( him r ?an =feit ! fri5d%ip ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! e/rangem5t betwe5 him & ourselves 0 ! result ( our policy--n 84 ,"l ,lytton 0 solely & :olly responsible = x4 ,! ,russian ,embassy1 z ,"l ,lytton knew p]fectly well1 0 due to no ov]tures made by ,%]e ,ali to ! ,russians 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 b to ! silly exhibition ( sev5 ?\s& ,sepoys at ,malta1 by means ( :i* we _h rec5tly e>n$ ! ridicule ( ,europe4 ,moreov]1 z ! ,treaty ( ,b]l9 0 an accompli%$ fact be=e ! ,russians _h appe>$ 9 ,kabul1 _! arrival !re 0 a matt] ( comp>atively trifl+ significance4 ,h[1 !n1 did ,"l ,lytton act8 ,he organiz$ a ,mission "u ! comm& ( ,sir ,neville ,*amb]la9 to proce$ to ,kabul2 & at ! same "t direct$ our ,vakeel1 ,gulam ,husse9 ,khan1 to g be=e x to ,kabul1 & obta9 ! p]mission ( ! ,ame] = its entrance to 8 t]ritories4 ,s f> !re is no?+ to object to1 b m>k :at foll[s4 ,:ile yet ,sir ,neville ,*amb]la9 ) 8 ,mission 0 at ,pe%awur1 ,gulam ,husse9 ,khan1 f ,kabul1 report$ to ,sir ,neville z foll[s3--,if ,mission w await ,ame]'s p]mission1 ev]y?+ w be arrang$1 ,god will+1 9 ! be/ mann]1 & no room w be left = compla9t 9 ! future4444 ,fur!r1 t if ,mission />ts on #ah?1 )\t wait+ = ! ,ame]'s p]mission1 !re w\ld be no hope left = ! r5ewal ( fri5d%ip or communication4 ,^! reports 7 receiv$ by ,sir ,neville ,*amb]la9 on #ai? ,septemb]1 & on ! same day ! ,vic]oy ord]$ ! ,mission to attempt to =ce its way ?r\gh ! ,khyb] ,pass4 ,all ,europe kn[s ! sequel4 ,! ,afghan (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! =t at ,ali ,musjid decl9$ to let ! ,mission pass2 b1 :ile obey+ 8 ord]s firmly1 behav$1 z ,major ,cavagn>i report$1 9 a mo/ c\rte\s mann]1 & v fav\rably impress$ bo? ,colonel ,j5k9s & myself4 ,& !n 0 telegraph$ home ! %ameless fiction t he _h ?reat5$ to fire on ,major ,cavagn>i1 & t ! maje/y ( ! ,empire _h be5 insult$4 ,x is h>d to write ) calmness :5 "o has to speak ( actions l ^!4 ,x is1 ,i tru/1 impossible = any ,engli%man to read ( !m )\t ! ke5e/ %ame & remorse4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 we h to consid] at pres5t is _! effect ^u ! native m9d4 ,!re is n1 we may be c]ta91 a s+le native ,c\rt ?r\gh\t ,india :]e !y h n be5 discuss$ aga9 & aga92 & !re is b "o conclusion :i* c\ld be drawn f !m4 ,x is1 t despite ( all we may say1 we all[ nei!r pl$ges1 promises1 nor treaties to /& 9 our way1 if we imag9e t !y are 9 opposition to ! mat]ial int]e/s ( ! mom5t4 ,!re is n a native pr9ce 9 ,india b w h se5 ! fate ( 8 desc5dants 9 ! doom :i* has fall5 ^u ! unhappy ,%]e ,ali4 ,x is a fate :i* no loyalty c av]t--:i* no treaties are p[]ful en\gh to w>d (f4 ,%]e ,ali 0 loyal2 ,%]e ,ali 0 f5c$ ab\t by treaty ^u treaty3 he & 8 fa!r _h be5 our fri5ds & fai?ful allies = m ?an =ty ye>s2 b none ! less1 ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t no soon] covet$ 8 t]ritory ?an !y det]m9$ ^u 8 de/ruction4 ,= eighte5 mon?s 0 t ,gov]nm5t engag$ 9 secretly weav+ ! toils ar\nd its victim1 & :5 at la/ x /ruck1 x /ruck ) a calumny ^u its lips4 ,?9k1 aga91 ( ! ang] & ! bitt]ness awak5$ by ?is w> 9 ! he>ts ( our ,moslem subjects4 ,a few mon?s previ\sly1 ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t _h made appeal to _! sympa?ies on ! gr\nd t x 0 uphold+ ! integrity & indep5d5ce ( ! ,sultan's dom9ions4 ,!y n[ saw ?is v ,gov]nm5t engag$ 9 ! unprovok$ invasion ( an indep5d5t ,muhammadan ,/ate4 ,!y made no concealm5t ( _! feel+s2 & :5 ,major ,cavagn>i & 8 companions 7 murd]$ at ,kabul1 ! ,moslems ( ,upp] ,india op5ly express$ _! satisfaction4 ,x is n too mu* to say1 t if ,sir ,sal> ,jung _h n be5 rul+ 9 ,hyd]abad1 ! outbreak at ,kabul w\ld h be5 in/antly foll[$ by a simil> outbreak 9 ! ,deccan4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,temple1 writ+ f ,hyd]abad 9 #ahfg1 ?us describes ! /ate ( feel+ exi/+ !re3-- ,?is ho/ility 7i4e41 to ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t7 is ev5 /rong] 9 ! ,muhammadan prie/hood2 ) !m x lit]ally burns ) an undy+ flame2 f :at ,i "k ( ,delhi 9 #aheg-eh1 f :at ,i am au!ntically in=m$ ( 9 respect to ,hyd]abad at t "t1 ,i believe t n m fi]cely does ! tig] hung] = 8 prey1 ?an does ! ,mussulman fanatc ?r\gh\t ,india ?ir/ = ! blood ( ! :ite infidel4 ,"l ,lytton's treatm5t ( ,%]e ,ali has be51 z x 71 ! p\r+ ( oil ^u ?is undy+ flame4 ,h5ce=?1 x w burn m fi]cely ?an ev]4 ,! ,fam9e 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces4 ,i %all next proce$ to %[ ! mann] 9 :i* ,"l ,lytton's int]nal adm9i/ration ( ,india 0 affect$ by 8 policy beyond ! fronti]4 ,z e "o kn[s1 !re h be51 ( late ye>s1 a s]ies ( t]rible fam9es 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,india4 ,! desolat+ effects ( ^! fam9es la/ = _m ye>s aft] ! actual de>? has t]m9at$4 ,n only has ! cattle be5 swept away1 toge!r ) millions ( ! agricultural population1 b ^? :o survive are )\t capital & )\t physical /r5g?4 ,! consequ5ce is t l>ge tracts ( naturally productive l& fall out ( cultivation1 & rema9 s = consid]able p]iods ( "t4 ,!re are1 moreov]1 no poor-laws 9 ,india = ! relief ( ! />v+ & ! de/itute4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ,/ate relief1 !re=e1 dur+ su* seasons ( calamity1 is a matt] ( imp]ative necessity4 ,9 keep+ its agriculturi/s alive1 ! ,/ate is simply provid+ = its own solv5cy4 ,x sacrifices = ?is purpose a portion ( ! weal? x d]ives f ! l&1 9 ord] to save ! rema9d]4 ,a combat ) fam9e is to ! ,/ate 9 ,india an act z mu* dem&$ by obvi\s exp$i5cy1 z 9 ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,?is relief is af=d$ p>tly by remissions ( rev5ue ?r\gh\t ! /rick5 di/ricts1 & p>tly by ! op5+ ( public works :]e ! />v+ & de/itute may f9d food & employm5t4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahgg-gh a t]rible fam9e fell ^u ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces4 ,! cultivat$ l& 9 ^! prov9ces is ma9ly "u two descriptions ( crops--! ra9 crops1 & ! cold wea!r crops4 ,! ra9 crops are s[n t[>ds ! end ( ,june1 or %ortly aft] ! ra9s h set 91 & are reap$ 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,f ^! crops ! p obta9 ! food on :i* !y are to subsi/ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 #ahgg !re 0 an almo/ total failure ( ra9 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces1 & ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor--,sir ,george ,c\p]--report$ t ! great] "p ( ! crops 0 irretrievably ru9$ by a scor*+ we/ w9d t blew = ?ree weeks4 ,! long & sev]e w9t] ( ! ,nor?-,we/ _h to be fac$ by a population de/itute ( food4 ,sir ,george ,c\p] reports z foll[s to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india on ! #aa? ,octob]1 #ahgg3-- ,! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor is well aw>e ( ! /raits to :i* ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india is put at ! pres5t "t = money1 & x is ) ! utmo/ reluctance t he makes a report :i* mu/ tempor>ily add to _! burd5s4 ,b he sees no o!r c\rse to adopt4 ,if ! village communities :i* =m ! great mass ( our rev5ue pay]s be press$ n[1 !y w simply be ru9$4444 ,cattle are report$ to be dy+ or sold to ! but*]s 9 hundr$s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! want ( fodd]1 & ?is w add v mat]ially to ! agricultural di/ress & difficulties if !y are call$ on at once to meet _! ,/ate obligations4 ,9 mak+ ?is appeal = a remission ( rev5ue1 ,sir ,george ,c\p] 0 ask+ = no m ?an :at _h be5 grant$ by e ,engli% ,gov]nm5t s9ce ,briti% rule 0 plant$ 9 ,india4 ,b !n =m] ,gov]nm5ts _h n adopt$ a spirit$ fronti] policy to :i* reason1 ju/ice1 & humanity _h to be subord9at$4 ,?is 0 :at ,"l ,lytton _h done4 ,! hunt+ to dea? ( an old & fai?ful ally 0 c]ta9 to prove a co/ly op]ation2 & he w\ld ne$ = x e f>?+ :i* c\ld be wrung f ! population ( ,india4 ,sir ,george ,c\p]'s appeal 0 !re=e reject$1 & he 0 in/ruct$ t ^! de/itute creatures 7 to be compell$ to meet _! ,/ate obligations at once1 precisely z if !re 0 no de>? 9 ! l&4 ,to ?is ord] ,sir ,george ,c\p] return$ a long reply1 f :i* we quote ! foll[+ rem>kable p>agraphs3-- ,if ! dem& on ! zem9d>s 7l&lords7 is n susp5d$1 ! cultivators c nei!r claim nor expect any relaxation ( ! dem& = r5t2 if pressure is put on ! =m]1 !y 9 turn mu/ & w put ! screw on _! t5ants4 ,all ?r\gh ! d>k mon?s ( ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 zem9d>s 7 urg$ by di/rict (fic]s to deal l5i5tly ) _! t5ants1 & aid !m by all means 9 _! p[]4 ,_m nobly respond$ to ! call1 & x w\ld be r inconsi/5t to subject !m n[ to a pressure :i* may compel !m to deal h>%ly ) _! t5ants4 ,^! rem>ks are (f]$ 9 no capti\s _s4444 ,8 ,hon\r tru/s t ! realizations w equal ! expectations ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 b if !y are disappo9t$1 8 ,excell5cy ! ,vic]oy 444 may re/ assur$ t x w n be = want ( ef=t or incl9ation to put ! necess>y pressure on ^? :o are liable = ! dem&4 ,is n ?is pass+ /range8 ,sir ,george kn[s t ^! p are 9 a /ate ( ! dire/ di/ress2 _! cattle dy+ by hundr$s1 !mselves p5niless & foodless2 if ?is dem& is made ^u !m1 he has report$ t !y w simply be ru9$2 b at ! exhortations ( ,"l ,lytton he sets to "w *e]fully4 ,nei!r incl9ation nor ef=t %all be want+ 9 him to make ! p exp]i5ce to ! full ! agony & ! bitt]ness ( fam9e4 ,?us x is t a pray]ful ,vic]oy1 ) ! valu$ assi/ance ( 8 colleagues1 provides = ! well-be+ ( ! millions committ$ to 8 fo/]+ c>e4 ,i h tri$1 writes "o despair+ di/rict (fic]1 to /ave (f collect+1 b h receiv$ p]emptory ord]s to beg94 ,?is w be ! la/ /raw on ! back ( ! un=tunate zem9d>s4444 ,a m suicidal policy ,i _c conceive4 ,i h done :at ,i c\ld to op5 ! eyes ( ! ,commission]s & ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor z to ! /ate ( ! place1 b )\t avail4 ,i h no?+ to d b to c>ry out ! ord]s ( ,gov]nm5t1 :i* means simply ru94 ,! exaction ( ! l& rev5ue 9 ,budaon1 writes ano!r1 &1 ,i believe1 9 o!r di/ricts z well1 involv$ a direct brea* ( fai? ) ! zem9d>s1 :i* has _h ! v wor/ effect on ! m9ds ( ! native community4444 ,! p are l\d 9 _! compla9ts ( ! fai?lessness ( ,gov]nm5t1 &1 to my m9d1 ) ample reason4 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india hav+ decre$ ! collection ( ! l& rev5ue1 7 n[ compell$ to ju/ify _! rapacity1 by pret5d+ t !re 0 no fam9e call+ = a remission4 ,! de>? & ! frightful mortality ?r\gh\t ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces 7 to be pres]v$ z a ,/ate secret l ! negotiations ) ,%]e ,ali4 ,by ?is means x 0 hop$ t ! fam9e w\ld "w itself out1 ! dead be dec5tly int]r$ out ( human sight1 & ,"l ,lytton obta9 ! funds = 8 hunt+ exp$ition )\t an unpatriotic opposition becom+ cognizant ( ! facts ei!r 9 ,india or 9 ,engl&4 ,x is a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! enorm\s space :i* divides u f ! p ( ,india1 t su* a s*eme %\ld h be5 ?\ght practicable1 b /rang] /ill--x 0 v ne> to success4 ,an accid5t may be said to h defeat$ x4 ,dur+ all t dre>y w9t] fam9e 0 busy dev\r+ its victims by ?\s&s4 ,at ! l[e/ computation m ?an a qu>t] ( a million p]i%$ ( actual />vation4 ,! numb] w\ld h to be d\bl$ if x includ$ all ^? :o p]i%$ ( disease1 ! consequ5ce ( insuffici5t food & exposure to cold2 =1 9 ! desp]ate endeav\r to keep _! cattle alive1 ! wret*$ peasantry f$ !m on ! /raw :i* ?at*$ _! huts1 & :i* provid$ !m ) b$d+4 ,! w9t] 0 abnormally sev]e1 & )\t a ro( above !m or b$d+ b5ea? !m1 scantily clad & poorly f$1 multitudes p]i%$ ( cold4 ,! dy+ & ! dead 7 /rewn along ! cross-c\ntry roads4 ,scores ( corpses 7 tumbl$ into old wells1 because ! dea?s 7 too num]\s = ! mis]able relatives to p]=m ! usual fun]al rites4 ,mo!rs sold _! *ildr5 = a s+le scanty meal4 ,husb&s flung _! wives into ponds1 to escape ! torm5t ( see+ !m p]i% by ! l+]+ agonies ( hung]4 ,amid ^! sc5es ( dea? ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india kept its s]5ity & *e]fulness unimpair$4 ,! j\rnals ( ! ,nor?-,we/ 7 p]suad$ into sil5ce4 ,/rict ord]s 7 giv5 to civilians1 "u no circum/ances to c\nt5ance ! pret5ce ( ! natives t !y 7 dy+ ( hung]4 ,"o civilian1 a ,mr4 ,mac,minn1 unable to endure ! mis]y ar\nd him1 op5$ a relief "w at 8 own exp5se4 ,he 0 sev]ely reprim&$1 ?reat5$ ) degradation1 & ord]$ to close ! "w imm$iately4 ,all ?is "t1 n a :isp] ( ! trag$y t 0 be+ enact$ 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces _h rea*$ ,calcutta4 ,! di/rict (ficials d>$ n communicate to ! press :at !y knew1 & 9 ,india !re are h>dly any o!r means ( obta9+ in=mation4 ,b 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y ,mr4 ,knight1 ! proprietor ( ! ,calcutta ,/atesman1 _h occasion to visit ,agra4 ,he 0 a/oni%$ to f9d all ar\nd him ! indications ( an appall+ mis]y4 ,he began to inve/igate ! matt]1 & gradually ! tru? reveal$ itself4 ,a qu>t] ( a million ( ,briti% subjects _h p]i%$ ( hung]1 pursu$ ev5 to _! graves by ! pitiless exactions ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,knight made kn[n 9 ! columns ( ! ,/atesman :at he _h se51 & :at he _h le>n$ f o!rs 9 ! c\rse ( 8 inquiries4 ,! guilty consci5ces ( ^? :o 7 responsible = ?is va/ suff]+ smote !m4 ,"l ,lytton & ,sir ,george ,c\p] felt t x 0 necess>y to ext+ui% ,mr4 ,knight--& t spe$ily4 ,sir ,george ,c\p] accord+ly drew up a long ,m9ute1 v9dicat+ himself f ! attacks ( ,mr4 ,knight2 & ?is ,m9ute 0 duly ackn[l$g$ 9 laudatory t]ms by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india4 ,! ,vic]oy 9 ,c\ncil *>act]iz$ ! ,m9ute z a conv9c+ /atem5t ( facts1 & !n add$ t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india ne$$ no su* /atem5t to conv9ce x t ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor _h ex]cis$ =e?\ght 9 8 arrangem5ts1 & _h %[n humanity 9 8 ord]s ?r\gh\t ! rec5t crisis4 ,! mortality :i* ,"l ,lytton deplor$ ) a deep & pa9ful regret1 9 s f> z x 0 directly ! result ( fam9e1 0 caus$ r by ! unwill+ness ( ! p to leave _! homes ?an by any want ( =e?\ght on ! "p ( ! local gov]nm5t 9 provid+ works :]e !y might be reliev$4 ,"l ,lytton unhesitat+ly accept$ ! /atem5t ( ! local gov]nm5t t no "o :o 0 will+ to g to a relief "w ne$ h di$ ( fam9e1 & x is satisfactorily %[n 9 8 ,hon\r's ,m9ute t ! relief wage 0 ample4 ,?is eulogy on ,sir ,george ,c\p] & all 8 do+s 0 publi%$ on ,may #b1 #ahgh1 aft] ,mr4 ,knight _h begun publi%+ 8 revelations 9 ! ,/atesman4 ,x is to be not$ t nei!r ,sir ,george ,c\p] nor ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india d5ies t ! fam9e has be5 sore 9 ! l& & ! mortality excessive4 ,b on ,febru>y #bh--two mon?s previ\sly1 & be=e ,mr4 ,knight _h comm5c$ 8 inconv5i5t disclosures--,sir ,george ,c\p] report$ to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india t x may be que/ion$ :e!r x w n be f\nd h]eaft] t ! comp>ative immunity f *ol]a & fev] :i*1 ow+ app>5tly to ! dr\ght1 ! ,prov9ces h enjoy$ dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 w n comp5sate = ! losses caus$ by insuffici5t food & clo?+1 & make ! mortality g5]ally little1 if at all1 high] ?an 9 ord9>y ye>s4 ,at ! "t :5 ?is lett] 0 writt51 ! (ficial mortu>y returns %[$ t ! mortality 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ 0 sev5 & eight times 9 excess ( :at x 0 9 ord9>y ye>s4 ,!re c1 !re=e1 be no "q t ! confession ( t t]rible mortality :i* ,"l ,lytton s deeply deplor$1 0 wrung f ,sir ,george ,c\p] by ! publication ( ,mr4 ,knight's lett]s4 ,b = !m1 ! (ficial record w\ld h /at$ t ! mortality 0 little1 if at all1 high] ?an 9 ord9>y ye>s4 ,?is record is suffici5t pro( t no adequate arrangem5ts 7 made to meet a calamity :i*1 accord+ to ,sir ,george ,c\p]1 did n exi/--at lea/1 n until ,mr4 ,knight insi/$ t x did4 ,at ! same "t1 x w be z well to give ! pro( ( ?is 9 detail1 9 ord] to %[ :at ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india is capable ( say+4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s to ! ,/atesman1 ,mr4 ,knight av]r$ t !re 7 no relief works wor?y ( ! "n till ab\t ,janu>y #bj1 & no works suffici5t = ! p's ne$ till ! middle ( ,febru>y4 ,sir ,george ,c\p] replies to ?is *>ge z foll[s3--,! reports already submitt$ to ! ,gov]nm5t are1 ,i ?9k1 amply suffici5t to acquit me ( ?is *>ge4444 ,9 ,octob]1 ,colonel ,fras] 0 aga9 deput$ to visit ! head-qu>t]s ( ea* division1 &1 9 consultation ) ! di/rict (fic]s1 settle :at works %\ld be und]tak5 to give employm5t to ! poor :5 ! inevitable pressure began4 ,"h ,sir ,george ,c\p] affirms t s f> back z ,octob] he _h =ese5 ! inevitable pressure1 & made all ! necess>y arrangem5ts4 ,nev]!less we f9d him1 s late z ,novemb] #bc1 report+ z foll[s to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india3-- ,al?\gh ! dang] ( widespread fam9e 444 has happily pass$ away1 x is a matt] ( extreme importance t well-consid]$ projects = great public works %\ld be ready 9 case ( future necessity4444 ,v few projects ( ?is "* h be5 complet$ = ^! prov9ces1 & ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ?9ks no "t %\ld be lo/ 9 prep>+ !m4444 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! want ( su* projects w\ld h be5 felt z a mo/ s]i\s difficulty by ?is ,gov]nm5t if relief works on a l>ge scale _h be5 necess>y 9 ! pres5t season4 ,?us1 we f9d t up to ! close ( ,novemb] no l>ge relief works _h be5 sanction$1 because ! dang] ( widespread fam9e _h happily pass$ away4 ,all[+ = (ficial delays1 ?is w\ld make ! date :5 relief works wor?y ( ! "n 7 op5$ tally ) ! "t /at$ by ,mr4 ,knight--namely1 ,janu>y #bj4 ,:at1 aga91 ,sir ,george ,c\p] c\ld mean by report+ on ,novemb] #bc1 t dang] ( widespread fam9e has happily pass$ away1 is p]plex+1 = on ,novemb] #bf1 or j ?ree days subsequ5tly1 he writes z foll[s3-- ,x appe>s to 8 ,hon\r t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india fail to realize ! ext5t ( ! damage caus$ by ! unp>allel$ failure ( ! ra9 ?is ye>4444 ,! ra9 did n come until #f? ,octob]1 by :i* "t ! great] "p ( ! crops 0 irretrievably ru9$4444 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! autumn crop has escap$ 9 ! great] "p ( ! ,b5>es & ,allahabad divisions1 & 9 ! s\?-ea/]n di/ricts ( ,oudh4444 ,! rice crops1 :i* are l>gely gr[n 9 mo/ ( ! di/ricts 9 ^! divisions1 h almo/ entirely p]i%$1 & ( o!r crops1 ! area s[n is mu* less ?an usual4 ,on ,octob] #aa ,sir ,george ,c\p] report$ t if ! l& rev5ues 0 exact$ ! village communities w\ld be ru9$4 ,on ,novemb] #bf he report$ t ! crops _h be5 irretrievably ru9$4 ,nev]!less1 on ,novemb] #bc1 he report$ t no l>ge relief works _h be5 sanction$ because ! dang] ( widespread fam9e _h pass$ away4 ,x foll[s1 f ?is la/ report1 t = :atev] o!r purpose ,colonel ,fras] may h be5 deput$ to visit ! head-qu>t]s ( ea* division1 x 0 n to make satisfactory provision = a widespread fam9e4 ,no4 ,z ,sir ,george ,c\p] 0 well aw>e at ! "t he p5n$ 8 reply to ,mr4 ,knight1 ! object ( ,colonel ,fras]'s t\r 0 precisely ! opposite ( ?is4 ,^! 7 ! in/ructions he 0 *>g$ to enjo9 ^u civil (fic]s & executive eng9e]s3-- ,please disc\rage relief works 9 e possible way4 ,x may be1 h[ev]1 t :5 agricultural op]ations are ov]1 "s ( ! p may want "w4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 except on works = :i* !re is budget provision1 %\ld only be giv5 if ! collector is satisfi$ t )\t x ! p w\ld actually />ve4 ,m]e di/ress is n a suffici5t reason = op5+ a relief "w4 ,& if a relief "w be />t$1 task-"w %\ld be rigor\sly exact$1 & ! p put on ! b>e/ subsi/5ce wage2 s t we may be satisfi$ t if any o!r k9d ( "w 7 procurable else:]e1 !y w\ld resort to x4 ,9 accordance ) ! lett] & _s ( ^! in/ructions ! fam9e-/rick5 multitudes 7 lit]ally />v$ (f su* scanty works z 7 op54 ,! b>e/ subsi/5ce wage 0 f9$ d[n1 small] & small]1 until ! p ab&on$ ! works 9 despair1 & return$ to _! villages to die4 ,nay1 9 "s places1 ! public works :i* _h be5 duly sanction$ 9 ! ye>ly budget 7 trans=m$ into relief works2 & ! lab\r]s ^u !m1 in/ead ( be+ paid at ! ord9>y m>ket rates1 7 r$uc$ to ! b>e/ subsi/5ce wage1 task-"w be+ rigor\sly exact$4 ,a b5efic5t b economical ,gov]nm5t took advantage ( ! dire extremity to :i* its subjects 7 r$uc$ to reap ?is unexpect$ pr(it out ( _! mis]ies4 ,none ! less1 ! ,vic]oy 9 ,c\ncil unhesitat+ly accepts ! /atem5t ( ! local gov]nm5t1 t no "o :o 0 will+ to g to a relief "w ne$ h di$ ( fam9e4 ,! ,lic5se ,tax4 ,! =ego+ is an illu/ration ( ! mann] 9 :i* an ,imp]ial ,vic]oy secures ! progressive well-be+ ( ! multitudes committ$ to 8 fo/]+ c>e4 ,i purpose n[ to illu/rate ! mann] 9 :i* ! same ,imp]ial function>y deals ) ! f9ances committ$ to 8 fo/]+ c>e4 ,! position ( isolation & sc>cely veil$ ho/ility :i*1 )\t any provocation1 ,"l ,lytton _h assum$ t[>ds ! ,ame] ( ,afghani/an r5d]$ a w> aga9/ t sov]eign a m]e "q ( "t & opportunity4 ,mean:ile1 funds 7 necess>y = its prosecution 9 addition to ^? :i* _h be5 obta9$ f ! />v+ population ( ! ,nor?-,we/4 ,accord+ly1 9 8 ,budget /atem5t = #ahgh-gi1 ,sir ,john ,/ra*ey ann\nc$ t ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t _h arriv$ at ! conclusion t !y ought to reg>d fam9es z normal occurr5ces = :i* provision %\ld be made 9 ! budgets ( ea* ye>4 ,fam9e exp5diture c\ld n be e/imat$ at a small] sum ?an a million & a half annually4 ,?is sum he n[ propos$ to raise by means ( a ,lic5se ,tax on trades & deal+s1 to be levi$ ?r\gh\t ,india1 & :i*1 x 0 e/imat$1 w\ld yield #gjj1jjj4 ,! rema9d] ( ! sum requir$ 0 to be obta9$ by a tax on ! agricultural classes 9 ,nor!rn ,india & ,b5gal alone4 ,! peculi> incid5ce ( ^! taxes 0 ju/ifi$ on ! gr\nd t ! classes tax$ 7 ! same classes :i*1 9 p]iods ( fam9e1 _h to be support$ by ! ,/ate4 ,x 0 !re=e only j t !y %\ld provide ! fund :i* 0 to insure !m aga9/ fam9e4 ,?is money 0 9 fact a sum rais$ = a special purpose1 at ! exp5se ( c]ta9 classes1 = ^: b5efit x 0 to be exclusively appli$4 ,?is 0 ackn[l$g$ by ,"l ,lytton ) 8 usual sup]abundance ( emphasis3-- ,! sole ju/ification = ! increas$ taxation :i* has j be5 impos$ ^u ! p ( ,india1 = ! purpose ( insur+ ?is ,empire aga9/ ! wor/ calamities ( future fam9e 444 is ! pl$ge we h giv5 t a sum n less ?an a million & a half /]l+1 :i* exce$s ! am\nt ( ! additional contributions obta9$ f ! p = ?is purpose1 %all be annually appli$ to x4 ,we h expla9$ to ! p ( ?is c\ntry t ! additional rev5ue rais$ by ! new taxes is requir$1 n = luxuries1 b ! necessities ( ! ,/ate2 n = g5]al purposes1 b = ! con/ruction ( a p>ticul> class ( public works2 & we h pl$g$ ourselves n to sp5d "o rupee ( ! special res\rces1 ?us creat$1 ^u works ( a diff]5t "*4444 ,! pl$ges :i* my f9ancial colleague 0 au?oriz$ to give1 on behalf ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 7 explicit & full z reg>ds ^! po9ts4444 ,= ^! reasons1 x is all ! m b9d+ on ! hon\r ( ! ,gov]nm5t to r$eem to ! utt]mo/1 )\t evasion or delay1 ^? pl$ges1 = ! adequate r$emption ( :i* ! p ( ,india h1 & c h1 no o!r gu>antee ?an ! good fai? ( _! rul]s4 ,! ink :i* record$ ?is solemn pl$ge 0 h>dly dry be=e x _h be5 brok54 ,! pr$et]m9$ w> ) ,%]e ,ali began 9 ! wanton mann] ,i h told1 & ! "q ( co/ 0 m5tion$ 9 ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,briti% ,imp]iali/ glories 9 w> :5 ! *ances are all 9 8 fav\r1 b he has an inv9cible objection to pay+ ! co/s ( su* transactions4 ,& !y are co/ly4 ,x 0 !re=e v necess>y s to arrange matt]s1 t :ile ! glory ( hunt+ an ally to dea? %\ld be appropriat$ by ,briti% ,imp]ialism1 ! exp5ses ( ! *ase %\ld be defray$ by ,india4 ,accord+ly1 t[>ds ! end ( ,novemb]1 ,"l ,cranbrook in=m$ ! ,h\se ( ,lords t ,india 0 9 possession ( a surplus m ?an suffici5t to defray ! co/s ( ! w>3-- ,i am b\nd to say1 t aft] look+ v c>efully into ! f9ancial condition ( ,india1 ,i believe x w n be necess>y1 at lea/ 9 ! initial /eps1 to call on ! rev5ues ( ,engl&4 ,i am 9 possession ( facts :i*1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld conv9ce y\r ,lord%ips t1 )\t unduly press+ on ! res\rces ( ,india1 !re w be no necessity to call on ! ,engli% rev5ues--at lea/ dur+ ! pres5t f9ancial ye>4 ,x 0 ann\nc$ by my noble fri5d 9 ano!r place ! o!r night t1 includ+ ! #a1ejj1jjj ( new taxes1 ! surplus ( ,indian rev5ue w am\nt to #b1acf1jjj4 ,a =tnight lat] ! facts ( :i* ,"l ,cranbrook pr(ess$ to be 9 possession 7 discov]$ n to be facts1 & ! surplus 0 r$uc$ by ,mr4 ,/anhope to a million & a half--9 o!r words1 to exactly ! sum :i* ,"l ,lytton _h solemnly pl$g$ 8 hon\r to apply to no purpose except t ( insur+ ,india aga9/ ! ravages ( fam9e4 ,on ! mo/ ela/ic sy/em ( int]pretation1 ! acquisition ( a fictiti\s sci5tific fronti] _c be made to appe> z a fulfilm5t ( ?is pl$ge4 ,h[ev]1 on ! fai? ( ! surplus ?us creat$ by ,"l ,cranbrook & ,mr4 ,/anhope1 ,p>liam5t vot$ t ! exp5ses ( ! ,afghan w> %\ld be *>g$ ^u ,india4 ,mr4 ,/anhope said1-- ,! surplus be+ ( ! am\nt he _h m5tion$1 x mu/ be p]fectly obvi\s t ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t c\ld pay ! :ole co/ ( ! w> dur+ ! pres5t ye>1 )\t add+ a %ill+ to ! taxation or ! debt ( ! c\ntry4 ,! int5tion "h is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,"l ,cranbrook & ,mr4 ,/anhope 7 q prep>$ to disreg>d ! pl$ges giv5 to ! p ( ,india1 & apply ! ,fam9e ,insurance ,fund to an illegitimate purpose4 ,!y _h all ! w to d ?is1 b _! desires 7 fru/rat$ by ! fact t !re 0 no su* fund 9 exi/5ce4 ,x _h already be5 sp5t & disappe>$4 ,"l ,lytton ?us calmly ann\nces its ext9ction 9 ! ,budget resolution ( ,m>*1 #ahgi3-- ,! insurance provid$ aga9/ future fam9es has virtually ceas$ to exi/1 & ! difficulties 9 ! way ( fiscal & comm]cial & adm9i/rative re=m h be5 greatly aggravat$4 ,nor c x be 9 any way assum$ t ! evil w n cont9ue & g on increas+4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 x is extremely difficult to foll[ any settl$ f9ancial policy2 = ! ,gov]nm5t _c ev5 approximately tell :at income w be requir$ to meet ! necess>y exp5diture ( ! ,/ate4444 ,= ! pres5t ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al 9 ,c\ncil ?9ks x wise to ab/a9 f impos+ any fre% burd5s on ! c\ntry1 & to accept ! tempor>y loss ( ! surplus by :i* x 0 hop$ t an insurance aga9/ fam9e _h be5 provid$4 ,t is1 t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india hav+ pl$g$ itself n to sp5d "o rupee ( ^! special res\rces1 except = ! con/ruction ( a p>ticul> class ( public works--hav+ decl>$ t ! sole ju/ification = ! increas$ taxation is t x %\ld be devot$ to a p>ticul> end--no soon] gets ! money into its possession ?an x exp5ds ! entire sum on some?+ else1 & !n ?9ks x wise n to discuss ! matt] any fur!r4 ,! ,gov]nm5t is v sorry2 x really want$ to make an ,insurance ,fund aga9/ fam9e2 b x f9ds t x _c ev5 approximately tell :at income w be requir$ to meet ! necess>y exp5diture ( ! ,/ate4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! ,gov]nm5t f9ds x extremely difficult to foll[ any settl$ f9ancial policy1 except t ( sp5d+ e %ill+ :i* x c get possession (4 ,?us x is t an ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t r$eems to ! utt]mo/ ! hon\r ( ! ,briti% nation1 & /r5g!ns ! confid5ce ( ,india 9 ! good fai? ( h] rul]s4 ,! ,cotton ,duties4 ,i come1 la/ly1 to ! action ( ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t 9 respect to ! ,cotton ,duties4 ,x is1 ,i fancy1 g5]ally suppos$ 9 ,engl& t ! duty on import$ cotton 0 design$ly protective--i4e41 t x _h f ! beg9n+ be5 impos$ ) ! int5tion ( fav\r+ ! ,indian manufactur] at ! exp5se ( ,man*e/]4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,! duty 0 impos$ at a "t :5 !re 7 no ,indian manufactures to compete ) ^? f ,engl&1 simply z a s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,9 ,india !re is a great difficulty 9 s arrang+ ! incid5ce ( taxation t ! well-to-d classes %all contribute _! prop] %>e to ! necessities ( ! ,/ate4 ,a light duty on import$ cotton--z be+ ! univ]sally us$ mat]ial = dress--enabl$ ! ,gov]nm5t to rea* ^! classes 9 a mann] t 0 effective )\t be+ burd5some4 ,ev5 n[ t mills are at "w 9 ,india1 by f> ! l>g] "p ( ^! duties _h no?+ protective 9 _! "*1 because !re is 9 ,india no manufacture ( ! f9] sorts ( cotton4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 ! duty 0 or 0 n protective 9 its "*1 bo? ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t & ! ,h\se ( ,commons _h repeat$ly giv5 pl$ges t ! duty %\ld n be repeal$ until ! ,indian f9ances 7 9 a position to ju/ify ! loss ( rev5ue !reby occasion$4 ,"l ,lytton1 :o ?r\gh\t 8 vic]oyalty has made a po9t 9 all important matt]s ( mak+ a confession ( political fai? exactly ! opposite ( 8 subsequ5t political action1 express$ himself on ! subject ( ! ,cotton ,duties ) 8 usual copi\sness4 ,9 reply to an address f ! ,calcutta ,trades' ,association1 %ortly aft] 8 arrival 9 ,india1 he said3-- ,i ?9k t no "o responsible = ! f9ancial adm9i/ration ( ?is ,empire w\ld at pres5t v5ture to make ! smalle/ r$uction 9 any ( its limit$ s\rces ( income4 ,let me1 h[ev]1 take ?is opportunity ( assur+ y t1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! abolition or r$uction ( ! ,cotton ,duties1 at ! co/ ( add+ "o sixp5ce to ! taxation ( ?is c\ntry1 has nev] be5 advocat$1 or ev5 contemplat$ by h] ,maje/y's ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,india4444 ,x is due to myself1 & ! confid5ce y express 9 my "*1 t ,i %\ld also assure y1 on my own behalf1 t no?+ w ev] induce me to tax ! p ( ,india = any exclusive b5efit to _! ,engli% fell[-subjects4 ,a %ort "t previ\sly he _h told ! ,bombay ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce t he 0 ( op9ion t1 ) ! exception ( ab\t =ty ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 ! duties 7 n protective1 because ,man*e/] _h no ,indian competitors 9 f9] manufactures4 ,he ?\ght ! #hjj1jjj collect$ ye>ly z duty1 on f9] fabrics1 a fair item ( rev5ue4 ,) reg>d to ! duty on co>se goods1 he ?\ght x protective1 because ,bombay mills compet$ ) ,man*e/]2 b he did n see h[ x c\ld be aboli%$1 because x w\ld lead to irregul>ities 9 ord] to evade duty4 ,^! assurances 7 giv5 9 #ahgf4 ,9 #ahgi1 :5 ! f9ances ( ,india 7 9 a /ate ( almo/ hopeless emb>rassm5t--:5 ! ,fam9e ,insurance ,fund _h be5 misappropriat$ 9 ! way ,i h relat$--:5 ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t frankly ackn[l$g$ t x 0 beyond _! p[] to e/imate _! future exp5diture1 ev5 approximately1 ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t delib]ately sacrific$ rev5ue to ! am\nt ( #bjj1jjj d]iv$ f ?is s\rce4 ,! motives :i* p]suad$ !m to ?is sacrifice may h be5 z pure z driv5 sn[2 b ) ,"l ,lytton's assurances fre% 9 _! memories1 ,i ne$ n say t _! motives 7 n s int]pret$ by ^? 9 ,india4 ,!re ! explanation giv5 0 ?is3--,! w> 9 ,afghani/an1 f :i* s mu* _h be5 expect$1 _h result$1 n 9 success1 b ignom9i\s failure4 ,! ,gov]nm5t _h be5 compell$ to pat* up a peace )\t a s+le elem5t ( p]man5ce 9 x4 ,despite ( ! *oral odes :i* ,m9i/]s sang toge!r on ! occasion ( ?is peace1 x 0 impossible t !y c\ld h be5 :olly bl9d to ! real "* ( ! ,treaty ( ,gundamuck4 ,!y felt t discov]y c\ld n be long delay$1 &1 l ! /ew>d :o _h wa/$ 8 ma/]'s goods1 !y ha/5$ to make !mselves fri5ds ( ! mammon ( unrighte\sness4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! w> 0 /ill nom9ally unf9i%$1 !y s\ght to propitiate ,man*e/] by ?r[+ its m]*ants ?is sop ( #bjj1jjj4 ,l ,cann+'s fam\s policy ( call+ on ! ,new ,_w to r$ress ! balance ( ! ,old1 ! pre/ige ( ,imp]ialism1 damag$ by ! failure 9 ,afghani/an1 0 to be re-e/abli%$ 9 ,man*e/] at ! exp5se ( ! ,indian taxpay]4 ,if ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t _h any bett] reason ?an ?is = _! p>tial repeal ( ! ,cotton ,duties1 x is a pity t !y did n communicate x to ! _w4 ,! reason :i* !y did condesc5d to give 0 simply ?is--t ! f9ances ( ! ,empire 7 s heavily emb>rass$1 & 9 su* confusion1 t x 0 a matt] ( no consequ5ce if !y become /ill fur!r involv$ to ! ext5t ( #bjj1jjj4 ,i give ! actual words1 t ,i may n be suspect$ ( c>icatur+ ! ,gov]nm5t3-- ,! difficulties caus$ by ! increas$ loss by ex*ange are great1 b !y w n practically be aggravat$ to an appreciable ext5t by ! loss ( #bjj1jjj4 ,if ! fre% fall 9 ! ex*ange %\ld prove to be tempor>y1 su* a loss w possess slight importance4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! loss by ex*ange does n dim9i% 444 x w become necess>y to take measures ( a mo/ s]i\s nature = ! improvem5t ( ! f9ancial position2 b ! ret5tion ( ! import duties on cotton goods w n !reby be r5d]$ possible4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* ret5tion w become m difficult ?an ev]4 ,accord+ to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india1 x 0 ! peculi>ity ( ^! #bjj1jjj to be simply an incumbrance1 happ5 :at might4 ,if ! ex*ange did n fall1 !y 7 r$uc$ to insignificance2 if x did fall1 _! ret5tion became m difficult ?an ev]4 ,! read] w n be surpris$ to le>n t ^! enigmatic propositions 7 n accept$ 9 ,india z a suffici5t ju/ification ( ! act !y 7 suppos$ to expla94 ,despotic z an ,indian ,vic]oy is1 !re are ev5 9 ,india c]ta9 ,con/itutional *ecks on 8 au?ority1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,memb]s ( ,c\ncil1 ! ,v]nacul> & ! ,engli% press4 ,h[ 0 x1 ! read] may ask1 t ^! con/itutional *ecks 7 evad$2 = x _c be t !y all concurr$ 9 su* a policy z ,i h describ$ 9 ! =ego+ pages8 ,! pr9cipal means ( evasion 0 secrecy4 ,! negotiations ) ,%]e ,ali 7 kept s$ul\sly hidd5 f ! public k1 & _! nature 0 only to be dimly inf]r$ f ! dev\t & philan?ropic orations ( ! ,vic]oy himself4 ,! same c\rse 0 adopt$ ) respect to ! ,nor?-,we/ fam9e2 & b = ! accid5t ( ,mr4 ,knight's visit to ,agra1 ! tru? w\ld h rema9$ hidd5 to ?is day4 ,b ,"l ,lytton did n tru/ to secrecy alone4 ,! v]nacul> press 0 gagg$ by a ,press ,act1 :i* 0 hurri$ ?r\gh ,c\ncil1 & made a law 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs4 ,! ,engli% press c\ld n be gagg$ precisely 9 ?is fa%ion1 b x 0 v +5i\sly drugg$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( a curi\s function>y1 /yl$ ! ,press ,commission]4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,/anhope 0 que/ion$ 9 ! ,h\se reg>d+ ! special duties ( ?is nondescript (ficial1 he repli$ t he _h be5 appo9t$ to sup]9t5d ! work+ ( ! ,v]nacul> ,press ,act4 ,actually1 he 0 9 op]ation = sev]al mon?s be=e t ,act _h come into exi/5ce1 & nev] has _h any duties 9 connection ) x4 ,! ,press ,commission] is atta*$ to ! p]sonal /aff ( ! ,vic]oy1 & may be reg>d$ z a k9d ( (ficial b>d1 ^: duty x is to *ant ! praises ( 8 ma/]1 & adv]tise 8 political w>es4 ,! description ( ,"l ,lytton z a specially-gift$ ,vic]oy is believ$ 9 ,india to h proce$$ f ! affectionate imag9ation ( ! ,press ,commission]4 ,b1 besides ?is1 he is a *annel ( communication betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india & ! ,indian press4 ,:5 he 0 fir/ call$ into exi/5ce1 ,india 0 in=m$ t a new era 0 ab\t to beg91 9 ! relations betwe5 ! press & ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,gov]nm5t1 anxi\s t its policy %\ld be fully discuss$ by an intellig5t press1 _h appo9t$ a ,press ,commission]1 ^: duty x w\ld be to keep editors suppli$ ) accurate in=mation1 f ! v f\nta9-head1 ( all t ,gov]nm5t 0 do+1 or int5d$ to d4 ,x is unnecess>y to say t ! ,press ,commission] has done no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,! great] "p ( ! matt] he communicates to ! press is simply wor?less1 & :olly devoid ( int]e/ to any sane p]son4 ,if any?+ ( importance occurs :i* ! ,gov]nm5t desires to keep secret1 b :i* x fe>s w leak out1 ! ,press ,commission] communicates ! matt] to ! editors confid5tially1 & !n x is und]/ood t !y are 9 hon\r b\nd n to allude to ! subject 9 _! pap]s4 ,at di/ant int]vals1 h[ev]1 ! ,press ,commission]1 ( necessity1 all[s "s int]e/+ scraps ( in=mation to escape f him2 & x is by means ( ^! t ! ,engli% press is drugg$4 ,any newspap] :i* (f5ds ! ,gov]nm5t by criticism ( too h>% a "* is liable to h ! supply ( su* morsels susp5d$ until x gives evid5ce ( am5dm5t4 ,& z !re is 9 ,india1 among ! read]s ( newspap]s1 q an insatiable crav+ = ^! morsels ( (ficial gossip1 x w\ld be extremely prejudicial to ! circulation ( a newspap] if !y no long] appe>$ 9 its columns4 ,! v5geance ( ,"l ,lytton & ! ,press ,commission] has already fall5 ^u "o j\rnal4 ,! ,calcutta ,/atesman1 hav+ p\r$ ridicule on ?is ,press ,commission]1 has be5 depriv$ ( 8 m9i/rations4 ,9 brief1 ! ,press ,commission]%ip is simply an ag5cy = brib+ ! ,engli% ,press1 :i* co/s ! ,indian taxpay] ! sum annually ( #ejjj4 ,b ! mo/ effective *eck on ! arbitr>y au?ority ( ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al is furni%$ by 8 ,c\ncil4 ,^! are select$ z m5 ( long ,indian exp]i5ce1 9 ord] to aid ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al ) _! advice & special k4 ,! la/ ,gov]nor-,g5]al :o set at n\ght ! advice & remon/rances ( 8 ,c\ncil 0 ,"l ,auckl&1 :5 he plung$ into ! disa/r\s w> 9 ,afghani/an4 ,"l ,lytton1 :o 9 o!r respects has s c>efully trod 9 ! foot/eps ( 8 pr$ecessor1 did n fail to imitate him 9 ?is4 ,8 fronti] policy 0 c>ri$ out 9 spite ( ! opposition ( ! ?ree mo/ exp]i5c$ memb]s ( 8 ,c\ncil2 8 repeal ( ! ,cotton ,duties 9 ! face ( _! unanim\s opposition1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,sir ,john ,/ra*ey4 ,?us x is t1 "u ,"l ,lytton1 ,briti% rule 9 ,india has become a tawdry & fanta/ic sy/em ( p]sonal rule4 ,x might p]haps d well en\gh if an ,empire c\ld be gov]n$ by means ( c]emonies1 spee*es1 & elegantly writt5 despat*es--fables 9 prose1 !y might v fitly be call$4 ,b an ,empire _c be s gov]n$1 & ! result ( ! exp]im5t has be5 an am\nt ( human suff]+ appall+ to contemplate4 ,! ,indian air is full ( f>ewells = ! dy+ & m\rn+s = ! dead1 & ! pa? ( ! ,gov]nm5t c be trac$ 9 brok5 pl$ges & dead m5's bones4 ,^! bones are z dragon's tee?1 :i* ,"l ,lytton is s[+ broadca/ all ov] ,india & ,afghani/an1 & !y w assur$ly be *ang$ into arm$ m5 if ! h& ( ! s[] be n promptly /ay$4 ,no?+1 writes ,sir ,alex&] ,arbu?not1 "o ( ! ,indian ,memb]s ( ,c\ncil1 w\ld h induc$ me to h be5 a p>ty to ! imposition ( re/rictions on ! press1 if ,i c\ld h =ese5 t )9 a ye> ( ! pass+ ( ! ,v]nacul> ,press ,act ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india w\ld be emb>k$ on a c\rse :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is z unwise & ill-tim$ z x is de/ructive ( ! reputation = ju/ice ^u :i* ! pre/ige & political supremacy ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 9 ,india s greatly dep5d4 ,& "h ,i mu/ rem>k t ! slight value :i* 9 "s influ5tial qu>t]s is n[ atta*$ to ! popul>ity ( our rule ) our native subjects1 has = "s "t pa/ /ruck me z a s\rce ( grave political dang]4 ,! ,briti% ,empire 9 ,india 0 n e/abli%$ by a policy ( ignor+ popul> s5tim5t1 & ( /igmatiz+ all views & op9ions :i* are oppos$ to c]ta9 fav\rite !ories1 z ! views & op9ions ( fooli% p4 ,nor w our rule be long ma9ta9$ if su* a policy is p]si/$ 94 ,,rob]t ,d4 ,,osborn4 ,,on ,,! ,,utility ,,to ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,_! ,,beauty4 ,! "q :i* ,i propose to consid] 9 ?is pap] is h[ f> ! beauty ( blossoms c be acc\nt$ = by ! utility ( ?is beauty to ! plant produc+ !m4 ,x is manife/ly only "o p>ticul> case ( a l>g] inquiry :e!r ! beauty :i* ,nature exhibits c be acc\nt$ = by its utility4 ,^! que/ions connect !mselves ) "s ( ! highe/ po9ts ( ! philosophy ( ! univ]se4 ,is ! sy/em ( ! univ]se intellectual1 or is x purely mat]ial8 ,is !re an ord]+ m9d1 or is !re m]ely bl9d & /ruggl+ matt]8 ,are !re f9al causes z well z mat]ial causes1 or are !re mat]ial causes only8 ,^! que/ions h be5 ask$ & answ]$ 9 opposite s5ses1 f ! fir/ dawn ( philosophy to ! pres5t h\r2 & dur+ all t p]iod ( "t ! battle has be5 rag+--& has spread1 too1 ov] ! :ole realm ( ,nature4 ,sc>cely any bran* ( natural sci5ce exi/s :i* has n furni%$ mat]ials = at lea/ a skirmi%2 s t x requires an exp]i5c$ & imp>tial eye to be able rightly to und]/& ! true =tunes ( ! conte/ ov] ! :ole field ( battle4 ,true x is1 t = e man ! "q betwe5 ! two !ories has to be decid$ by some:at simpl] consid]ations ?an any su* survey4 ,some?+ 9 e man seems inevitably to det]m9e him t[>ds ei!r ! intellectual or ! mat]ial !ory ( ?+s4 ,! exi/5ce ( beauty 9 ! _w is a v rem>kable fact4 ,on ! !ory ( a ,div9e & b5efic5t ,creator1 ?is fact has seem$ no difficulty2 b ! !ory ( a m]e bl9d f]m5tation ( matt] gives no acc\nt ( x1 except z a m]e accid5t1 :i*1 on ! doctr9e ( *ances1 %\ld be p]haps a v r>e & unusual accid5t4 ,h5ce ! exi/5ce ( beauty has f ( old be5 a fav\rite !me ( ! !i/ic believ]s4 ,let !m "k h[ mu* bett] ! ,"l ( !m is1 says ! au?or ( ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 speak+ ( ! works ( ,nature1 = ! fir/ ,au?or ( beauty ha? creat$ !m 444 = by ! greatness & beauty ( ! creatures proportionably ! ,mak] ( !m is se54#a ,! same famili> view has lately be5 pres5t$ by ! ,duke ( ,argyll 9 8 ,reign ( ,law3#b-- ,x w\ld be to d\bt ! evid5ce ( our s5ses & ( our reason1 or else to assume hypo!ses ( :i* !re is no pro( :atev]1 if we 7 to d\bt t m]e ornam5t1 m]e v>iety1 are z mu* an end & aim 9 ! work%op ( ,nature z !y are kn[n to be 9 ! work%op ( ! goldsmi? & ! jewell]4 ,:y %\ld !y n8 ,! love & desire ( ^! is univ]sal 9 ! m9d ( man4 ,x is se5 n m di/9ctly 9 ! highe/ =ms ( civiliz$ art ?an 9 ! habits ( ! rude/ savage1 :o cov]s ) elaborate c>v+ ! h&le ( 8 w>-club or ! pr[ ( 8 canoe4 ,is x likely t ?is univ]sal aim & purpose ( ! m9d ( man %\ld be :olly )\t relation to ! aims & purposes ( 8 ,creator8 ,he t =m$ ! eye to see beauty1 %all ,he n see x8 ,he t gave ! human h& its cunn+ to "w = beauty1 %all ,8 h& nev] "w = x8 ,h[1 !n1 %all we acc\nt = all ! beauty ( ! _w--= ! c>eful provision made = x :]e x is only ! second>y object1 n ! fir/8 ,b ev5 if beauty be always associat$ ) utility & h 9 fact be5 br\ght ab\t by its utility1 x may nev]!less h be5 an object 9 ! m9d ( a ,div9e artific]1 :o may h be5 m9d$ to use ! "o z a means & end to ! o!r4 ,we may !re=e1 ,i ?9k1 approa* ! subject ) a p]fect fre$om f any !ological bias4 ,! :ole subject w1 ,i believe1 be felt by "s p]sons to be a piece ( moon%9e1--! :ole discussion fit = cl\dl&1 n = ?is practical solid _w ( ours4 ,beauty1 su* p]sons w\ld say1 is n a real ?+1 an objective fact3 x is a "p ( man1 n ( ! _w--x is 9 him :o sees1 n 9 ! ?+ se53 x is se5 by "o man 9 "o ?+--by ano!r man 9 ano!r4 ,to ?is x seems a suffici5t answ] to say t ! relation ( any "o ext]nal ?+ to any "o m9d :i* produces ! peculi> condition :i* we call ! p]ception ( beauty1 is a fact1 &1 l e o!r s+le fact1 mu/ h an adequate cause4 ,b :5 we f9d t !re are =ms ( beauty1 su* z ! beauty ( sunlight1 :i* op]ate alike on all m51 &1 x w\ld seem1 on all s5sitive be+s--:5 we f9d t ! brilliant fl[]s :i* attract ! *ild 9 ! field or ! lady 9 ! draw+-room1 attract ! insect tribes--we feel ourselves 9 ! pres5ce ( a great body ( p]si/5t relations1 :i* x is impossible to pass ov] z unreal or z unimportant4 ,b1 aga91 !re is ugl9ess 9 ! _w2 & "o ugly ?+1 x is sugge/$1 de/roys all y\r d$uctions f beauty4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 is a v important fact = any "o to grapple ) :o proposes to give any !oretical explanation ( ! pres5ce ( beauty 9 ! univ]se2 b = me1 :o am only inquir+ :e!r & h[ f> beauty is useful1 x is n really mat]ial1 because !re c be no d\bt t beauty1 z well z ugl9ess1 exi/s 9 ! _w4 ,?is mu* ,i w say 9 pass+1 t1 to my m9d1 ! balance ( ?+s is 9 fav\r ( beauty & aga9/ ugl9ess--! t5d5cy is 9 fav\r ( beauty1 n ugl9ess1 & t t5d5cy may be a v important ?+ to ?9k (4 ,fur!rmore1 ! fact t we recognize ugl9ess seems to make our recognition ( beauty m important2 = x %[s t ! p]ception ( beauty is n m]e habit1 & t we h an inw>d & indep5d5t judgm5t on ! matt]--we are able to approve ! "o ?+ on ! score ( beauty1 & to reject ! o!r z ugly4 ,ev5 all[+ fully = ! exi/5ce ( ugl9ess1 x mu/ be conc$$ t ! _w ar\nd u pres5ts a va/ mass ( beauty--complex1 div]se1 comm+l$1 & n easily admitt+ ( analysis4 ,x is common alike to ! organic & ! inorganic realms ( ,nature4 ,! pageants ( ! sky at morn+1 noon1 & night1 ! =ms ( ! trees1 ! beauty ( ! fl[]s1 ! glory ( ! hills1 ! awful sublimity ( ! />s--^!1 & a ?\s& ?+s 9 ,nature1 fill ! s\l ) a s5se ( beauty1 :i* ! art nei!r ( ! poet1 nor ( ! philosoph]1 nor ( ! pa9t] c come ne> to depict4 ,we are mov$ & ov]come1 sometimes by ?is object ( beauty1 sometimes by t1 b yet m by ! complex mass ( glory ( ! univ]se4 ,= ,nature beats 9 p]fect tune1 ,& r\nds ) rhyme h] e rune2 ,:e!r %e "w on l& or sea1 ,or hide und]gr\nd h] al*emy4 ,?\ can/ n wave ?y /aff 9 air1 ,or dip ?y paddle 9 ! lake1 ,b x c>ves ! b[ ( beauty !re1 ,& ripples 9 rhyme ! o> =sake4 ,z yet no attempt has be5 made to %[ ! utility ( ?is promiscu\s & multitud9\s cr[d ( beauties--& x seems n likely t su* an attempt c yet be made ) success3 & ! ph5om5a ( ,nature are !re=e likely = a long "t to come to impress mo/ m5 ) ! s5se ( beauty = beauty's sake4 ,b 9 respect ( c]ta9 p>ticul> & sep>able in/ances1 ! attempt has rec5tly be5 made to %[ t ! beauty exhibit$ is useful to ! /ructure exhibit+ x1 & consequ5tly t x may be acc\nt$ = by ! /rictly utilit>ian pr9ciple ( ! survival ( ! fitte/1--"o in/ance 9 :i* ?is has be5 mo/ notably attempt$ be+ 9 respect ( ! beauty ( fl[]s4 ,let u consid] h[ f> beauty c ?us be acc\nt$ = 9 ?is p>ticul> case4 ,!re w be a great advantage 9 ?is c\rse2 = beauty is a ?+ ab\t :i* x is n v easy to argue3 x is too subtle1 too evanesc5t1 too disputable1 to af=d an easy mat]ial = ! logical or sci5tific crucible2 & ^! difficulties we %all be/ surm\nt by 9 ! fir/ place isolat+ c]ta9 beautiful ?+s = our consid]ation1 & limit+ to !m our inquiry into h[ f> ea* ( ! rival !ories is suffici5t to expla9 _! exi/5ce4 ,we %all ?us try to n>r[ ! great controv]sy to v def9ite & di/9ct issues4 ,fl[]s1 says ,mr4 ,d>w91#c rank among/ ! mo/ beautiful productions ( ,nature1 & !y h become1 ?r\gh natural selection1 beautiful1 or r conspicu\s 9 contra/ ) ! gre5ness ( ! leaves1 t !y might be easily obs]v$ & visit$ by insects1 s t _! f]tilization might be fav\r$4 ,i h come to ?is conclusion1 f f9d+ x an inv>iable rule t :5 a fl[] is f]tiliz$ by ! w9d x nev] has a gaily-col\r$ corolla4 ,aga91 sev]al plants habitually produce two k9ds ( fl[]s3 "o k9d op5 & col\r$1 s z to attract insects2 ! o!r clos$ & n col\r$1 de/itute ( nect>1 & nev] visit$ by insects4 ,we may safely conclude t1 if insects _h nev] exi/$ on ! face ( ! e>?1 ! vegetation w\ld n h be5 deck$ ) beautiful fl[]s1 b w\ld h produc$ only su* poor fl[]s z are n[ borne by our firs1 oaks1 nut & a% trees1 by ! grasses1 by sp9a*1 docks1 & nettles4 ,no "o c d\bt :o wat*es a mead[ on a summ]'s day t insects are attract$ by ! sc5t & ! col\rs ( ! fl[]s4 ,! :ole field is busy ) _! jubilant hum4 ,^! little creatures h ! same s5se ( beauty t we h4 ,:at room !re is = ?\ght 9 t fact6 ,!re is a subtle bond ( m5tal union betwe5 ourselves & ! creatures :om we s (t5 despise4 ,!re is a joy widespread & multipli$ beyond our highe/ calculation4 ,:at a deadly bl[ to t egotism ( man :i* ?9ks ( all beauty z made = him alone6 ,b ,i return to ! argum5t4 ,we h pres5t$ to our notice ?ree k9ds ( attraction :i* op]ate ^u insects--! conspicu\sness ( col\r & =m1 ! beauty ( ! smell1 & ! pleasant ta/e ( ! honey4 ,no "o1 z ,i h said1 :o wat*es a mead[ or a g>d5 on a summ]'s day c = a mom5t d\bt ! op]ation ( ^! causes1 or "q ! direct action ( insects 9 produc+ ! f]tilization ( fl[]s4 ,9 t s5se ! beauty ( a fl[] is cle>ly ( direct use to ! fl[] :i* exhibits x4 ,x is bett] = x t x %\ld be f]tiliz$ by insects ?an n f]tiliz$ at all2 b is x bett] = x to be f]tiliz$ by insects ?an by ! w9d1 or by "s o!r ag5cy1 if su* exi/8 ,?is %all be ! subject ( inquiry4 ,b be=e we c answ] x1 we mu/ g a little afield & collect "s o!r ( ! facts ( ! case4 ,! conclusion t beauty is useful = ! f]tilization ( ! fl[] does n re/ m]ely on ! g5]al ph5om5a ( a summ] mead[4 ,x is confirm$ by _m o!r obs]vations4 ,fl[]s are n m]ely attractive 9 !mselves2 !y are frequ5tly r5d]$ attractive by _! gr\p+4 ,sometimes fl[]s individually small are ga!r$ into heads1 or spikes1 or bun*es1 or umbels1 & s produce a m conspicu\s effect ?an w\ld result f a m equal di/ribution ( ! fl[]s2 sometimes yet m m9ute fl[]s or florets are ga!r$ toge!r into :at appe>s a s+le fl[]1 & (t5 h ! out] florets s modifi$ bo? 9 %ape & col\r z to produce ! g5]al effect ( "o v brilliant blossom1 z 9 ! daisy or ! m>igold4 ,sometimes ! same result is produc$ by ! mass+ ( small fl[]s into d5se cu%ions ( bright col\r4#d ,?is1 z is well kn[n1 is ( common occurr5ce ) ,alp9e fl[]s2 & ?is mode ( gr[?1 z well z ! great size ( _m ,alp9e blossoms z comp>$ ) t ( ! :ole plant1 & ! great brilliance ( ,alp9e plants z comp>$ ) _! cong5]s ( ! l[l&s1 h all be5 expla9$ by ref]5ce to ! comp>ative r>ity ( insects 9 ! ,alp9e heights1 & ! consequ5t necessity1 if ! plants are to survive1 t !y %\ld (f] /rong attractions to _! ne$ful fri5ds4#e ,a simil> explanation has be5 (f]$ = ! brilliant col\rs ( ,arctic fl[]s4#f ,fur!rmore1 ?is curi\s fact exi/s1 t ( fl[]+ plants a l>ge numb] d n rip5 or put =w>d _! pi/ils & /am5s at ! same p]iods ( _! gr[?3 9 "s cases ! pi/il is ready to receive ! poll5 :il/ ! an!rs are immature & n ready to supply x3 su* are call$ prot]ogyn\s4 ,9 o!r cases ! an!rs are ripe be=e ! pi/il is ready to receive ! poll53 ^! are prot]&r\s4 ,9 ei!r case ! same ev5t happ5s--t ! ovules c nev] be f]tiliz$ by ! poll5 ( ! same blossom1 nor )\t "s =eign ag5cy1 g5]ally t ( insects4 ,la/ly1 !re is a l>ge numb] ( plants1 includ+ a great proportion ( ^? ) unsymmetrical blossoms1 ( :i* ! fl[]s h be5 %[n to be specially adapt$ by v>i\s me*anical contrivances = insect ag5cy4 ,no?+1 z is well kn[n1 is m m>vell\s ?an ! v>iety & subtlety ( ! arrangem5ts = ! purpose :i* exi/ 9 or*idace\s plants1 z expla9$ by ! pati5ce & g5ius ( ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,9 view ( ^! facts x w\ld be impossible to d5y t conspicu\sness is "o ( ! ag5cies 9 =ce = ! f]tilization ( fl[]s2 t1 to use ! rec5t language ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 fl[]s are n only delightful = _! beauty & fragrance1 b display mo/ wond]ful adaptations = v>i\s purposes4#g ,s f> we h consid]$ ! evid5ce :i* is affirmative1 & 9 fav\r ( ! explanation ( ! exi/5ce ( beauty 9 fl[]s2 we h f\nd cle>ly t beauty1 or r conspicu\sness1 is 9 _m cases useful to ! plant4 ,b beauty is by no means ! only ag5cy 9 ?is necess>y process4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ag5cies actually 9 op]ation are v num]\s4 ,z ,mr4 ,d>w9 po9ts out 9 ! passage ,i h cit$1 & /ill m at l>ge 9 8 "w ,on ! ,diff]5t ,=ms ( ,fl[]s1 a l>ge proportion ( exi/+ plants are f]tiliz$ by ! action ( ! w9d2 & aga91 _m plants be> two k9ds ( fl[]s1 ! "o conspicu\s & attractive to insects1 ! o!r inconspicu\s & :i* nev] op5 to admit ! activity ei!r ( insects or ( ! w9d4 ,moreov]1 !re are v>i\s o!r ag5cies call$ into play4 ,"s plants1 su* z ! ,hyp]icum p]=atum1 "o ( ! commone/ ( ! ,/4 ,john's ,worts1 & probably ! b9dwe$1 are1 x seems1 f]tiliz$ by ! )]+ ( ! corolla1 :i* naturally br+s ! /am5s into contact ) ! /yle1 & s transf]s ! poll5 gra9s f ! "o to ! o!r4#h ,o!r plants1 aga91 su* z ! common c5taury 7,ery?ra c5taurium7 & ! ,*lora p]foliata1 are f]tiliz$ by ! clos+ ( ! corolla ov] ! an!rs & /igma1 n 9 ! dea? b 9 ! sleep ( ! plant4#i ,9 ! brilliant autumnal ,col*icum1 & 9 ! ,/]nb]gia1 aga91 accord+ to ,dr4 ,k]n]1 ,nature has rec\rse to a m complex ma*9]y3 ! corolla fir/ closes ov] ! an!rs1 :i* are at a l[] level ?an ! /igma1 & takes (f "s ( ! poll52 a gr[? ( ! corolla c>ries ! poll5 du/ to ! level ( ! /igma1 & a second clos+ ( ! corolla transf]s ! poll5 to ! /igmatic surface4 ,! poll5 has be5 made to asc5d to its prop] place by an arrangem5t :i* rem9ds "o ( ! man-eng9e ( a ,corni% m9e4#aj ,a simil> arrangem5t is describ$ z occurr+ 9 ! bright-fl[]$ ,p$icul>is4#aa ,let u take ano!r gr\p ( beautiful fl[]s :i* adorn our gre5h\ses & our tables3 ,i mean ! ,asclepiad1 to :i* ! ,/ephanotis & ! ,hoya belong4 ,! =m] is di/+ui%$ by ! beauty ( its sc5t z well z ( its fl[]s4 ,bo? pres5t fl[]s n m]ely conspicu\s 9 !mselves f _! size1 =m1 & col\r1 b conspicu\s also by reason ( _! gr\p+4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 we %\ld expect t beauty %\ld ju/ify itself by its utility4 ,b ! facts appe> to be j ! o!r way4 ,! poll5 is collect$ toge!r into waxy masses1 :i* are arrang$ 9 a v peculi> mann] on ! pi/il2 & ! poll5 tubes pass f ! poll5 gra9s :il/ /ill enclos$ )9 ! an!rs1 & s br+ ab\t f]tilization )\t ! int]v5tion ( insect ag5cy4 ,x is difficult to suppose ! ,asclepiad c h become beautiful = ! sake ( an ag5cy ( :i* !y nev] avail !mselves4 ,our common ,fumitory has n v conspicu\s fl[]s1 b /ill !y h consid]able attractiv5ess ( =m & /ill m ( col\r1 due bo? to ! individual blossom & to _! gr\p+ toge!r2 & yet ,fum>ia is said to be self-f]tile4#ab ,a mu* m brilliantly col\r$ memb] ( ! same family is ! ,dic5tra 7,diclytra7 spectabilis1 s famili> 9 our g>d5s4 ,any "o :o exam9es ! fl[]s ( ?is species w cont9ually f9d ! poll5 gra9s transf]r$ to ! /igma )\t ! slighte/ trace ( ! fl[] ev] hav+ op5$ s z to all[ ( insect ag5cy4 ,dr4 ,l9dley#ac has giv5 an acc\nt ( ! me*anism = self-f]tilization2 & ?is fl[] has rec5tly be5 ! subject ( an elaborate /udy by ! ,g]man botani/1 ,hildebr&1#ad & he concurs 9 ! view t ! an!rs inevitably communicate _! poll5 to ! pi/il1 & t z ! result ( a v complicat$ & subtle arrangem5t ( ! p>ts1 :i* x w\ld be useless to attempt to describe )\t diagrams4 ,b he believes t 9 addition to ! arrangem5ts = self-f]tilization1 ano!r arrangem5t exi/s = produc+ cross-f]tilization by insects2 b z ! plant has nev] produc$ se$ "u 8 obs]vation1 he is unable to tell :e!r "o mode ( f]tilization is m useful ?an ! o!r4 ,i ?9k ! evid5ce ( ! self-f]tilization is f> cle>] ?an t ( ! cross-f]tilization4 ,n[1 if ! ,dic5tra has become beautiful 9 ord] to attract insects1 x mu/ h done s ?r\gh a long s]ies ( developm5ts1 = its adaptation to _! ag5cy is ( ! mo/ complex k9d4 ,x is difficult to suppose ei!r t1 side by side ) ?is developm5t = cross-f]tilization1 !re has be5 also develop$ ano!r complex arrangem5t = self-f]tilization1 or t an e>li] complex arrangem5t = self-f]tilization %\ld h surviv$ ?r\gh ! *anges necess>y to r5d] ! fl[] fit = insect f]tilization4 ,! co-exi/5ce 9 "o organism ( two complex s*emes = diff]5t objects1 & ! int]lac+ ( ^? two s*emes 9 "o beautiful fl[] 7:i*1 if ,hildebr& be "r1 occurs 9 ! ,dic5tra71 seem to be ?+s v improbable if ! beautiful fl[] has become :at x is 9 ! pursuit ( "o only ( ^? objects4 ,^! speculations may be premature z reg>ds ! p>ticul> fl[]2 b ! co-exi/5ce ( two modes ( f]tilization is n peculi> to ,dic5tra & seems to furni% mat]ial = important reflection4 ,yet "o m plant mu/ be consid]$4 ,! ,loasa aurantiaca is a creep] :i* gr[s freely 9 our g>d5s1 & has l>ge & brilliantly col\r$ sc>let fl[]s turn$ up ) yell[4 ,its se$s set freely 9 cultivation4 ,! means by :i* f]tilization is effect$ are--unless my obs]vations h misl$ me--v peculi>4 ,:5 ! fl[] fir/ unfolds1 ! num]\s /am5s are f\nd collect$ toge!r 9 bundles 9 depressions or folds ( ! petals2 aft] a :ile ! an!rs beg9 to move1 & "o aft] ! o!r ! /am5s pass upw>ds f _! ne/s 9 ! petals1 & ga!r 9 a ?ick gr\p r\nd ! /yle2 subsequ5tly a d[nw>d & backw>d movem5t beg9s1 :i* br+s ! an!rs aga9/ ! pi/ils1 & re/ores ! /am5s ne>ly to _! old position1 b ) exhau/$ & fad$ an!rs4 ,i h nev] se5 any insects at "w on ! fl[]s1 & yet ,i f9d ! plant to be a free se$]4 ,s long ago z #ahdj ,m4 ,fromond enum]at$ sev]al conspicu\s fl[]s 9 :i*1 accord+ to 8 obs]vations1 f]tilization 0 effect$ )\t ! ag5cy ( ei!r ! w9d or insects4#ae ,& mu* m rec5tly an ,am]ican writ]1 ,mr4 ,meehan1 has giv5 a li/ ( elev5 g5]a1 among/ o!rs1 9 :i* he has obs]v$ ! pi/ils cov]$ ) ! poll5 ( ! plant be=e ! fl[] has op5$1 & 9 ! "o case :i* he submitt$ to ! microscope1 x 0 f\nd t ! poll5 tubes 7 desc5d+ ?r\gh ! pi/il t[>ds ! ov>ium4#af ,among/ ! g5]a he names 7 ,we/>ia1 ,la?yras1 ,ballota1 ,circes ,g5i/a1 ,pisum1 & ,l9>ia4 ,! in/ances :i* ,i h giv5 are mo/ly f plants famili> 9 our fields1 our g>d5s1 or our gre5h\ses4 ,!y are1 ,i ?9k1 suffici5t to make u pause be=e we conclude t all conspicu\s fl[]s are f]tiliz$ by insect ag5cy4 ,x may be t ,bacon's w>n+ to att5d z c>efully to negative z to affirmative in/ances has be5 a little =gott54 ,moreov]1 ^! in/ances seem to %[ t x w\ld be a great error to suppose t all fl[]s are f]tiliz$ ei!r by insects or by ! w9d2 & x is probable t ! m ! subject is consid]$ ! m complex w ! arrangem5ts = f]tilization be f\nd to be4 ,! ag5cies to :i* ,i h la/ ref]r$ exi/1 x w be obs]v$1 9 beautiful & conspicu\s fl[]s2 & yet act indep5d5tly ( t beauty & t conspicu\sness3 s t 9 ea* in/ance ^! facts are1 on ! utilit>ian !ory1 unexpla9$ & residual ph5om5a4 ,!y1 !re=e1 dem& e>ne/ inquiry4 ,= ! exi/5ce ( a s+le residual ph5om5on is notice to ! inquir] t he has n got to ! bottom ( 8 subject2 t 8 !ory is ei!r n ! tru? or n ! :ole tru?4 ,d ! facts ju/ify u 9 conclud+ t insect f]tilization is m b5eficial to ! plant ?an f]tilization by ! w9d or any o!r ag5cy8 ,d !y af=d any suffici5t cause = t *ange f ! "o mode ( f]tilization to ! o!r :i* has be5 sugge/$8 ,! facts be>+ on ^! que/ions are v rem>kable2 =1 z we h already se51 _m plants produce two k9ds ( blossom1 ! "o conspicu\s & ! o!r inconspicu\s2 ! "o visit$ by insects1 ! o!r self-f]tiliz+4 ,rec5t obs]vation %[s t ^! clei/ogam\s fl[]s1 z !y are call$1 are pres5t 9 a great v>iety ( plants4#ag ,9 ! violet !y are f\nd to exi/1 be+ se5 9 ! summ] & autumn1 :5 all ! m brilliant fl[]s h gone4 ,! "o fl[] has ev]y?+ 9 its fav\r--honey & a beauty ( col\r & ( smell t has pass$ into a prov]b--& x op5s its blue w+s to ! visits ( ! insect tribe 9 ! season ( _! utmo/ jollity & life4 ,! o!r has ev]y?+ aga9/ x3 x is inconspicu\s1 sc5tless1 ugly1 & clos$4 ,& yet1 :i* succe$s ! bett]8 :i* produces ! m se$8 ,! clei/ogam\s1 & n ! brilliant fl[]s3 ! victory is ) ugl9ess1 & n ) beauty4 ,! same is true ( ! ,impati5s fulva4 ,?is is an ,am]ican plant1 closely ak9 to ! balsam ( our g>d5s1 :i* has n[ ?or\ghly e/abli%$ itself on ! banks ( "s ( our riv]s1 z ! ,wey1 & ! tribut>y /ream t runs ?r\gh ,ab+] & ,%]e4 ,x has attractive fl[]s hung on ! da9tie/ fl[]-/alks4 ,x has also little gre5 fl[]s t nev] op5 & almo/ escape att5tion2 & yet !y1 & n ! l>ge fl[]s1 are ! great s\rce ( se$ vessels to ! plant--! great security t ! life ( ! race w be cont9u$4#ah ,aga91 ugl9ess has borne away ! palm ( utility f beauty4 ,s1 too1 9 ,am]ica ! same happ5s ) ! ,specul>ia p]foliata3 9 %ady situations all its fl[]s are said to be clei/ogam\s1 & to be wond]fully productive & /rong4#ai ,! conditions ( ! problem 9 ^! cases are su* z to make !m ( ! la/ importance 9 our inquiry into ! utility ( beauty2 = 9 ea* case we are comp>+ a conspicu\s & an inconspicu\s fl[] 9 ! v same plant4 ,! conditions seem to exclude ! possibility ( error 9 ! result4 ,two explanations h be5 sugge/$ ( ! orig9 ( ^! clei/ogam\s fl[]s3 accord+ to ! "o1 !y are ! e>lie/ =m ( ! fl[]s2 accord+ to ! o!r view1 !y are degrad$ =ms ( ! m beautiful fl[]s4#bj ,= our purpose1 x is immat]ial :e!r ( ! two explanations is correct2 = ei!r ! developm5t ( beauty has dim9i%$ ! utility ( ! fl[]1 or ! loss ( beauty has increas$ ! utility3 9 ei!r ev5t1 utility & beauty are dissociat$ ! "o f ! o!r4 ,ano!r exp]im5t ,nature pres5ts u )1 9 :i* ! conditions are ne>ly1 if n q1 z rigor\sly exclusive ( error4 ,! va/ majority ( or*idace\s plants are1 z already m5tion$1 dep5d5t on insect ag5cy1 = f]tilization1 & pres5t a m>vell\s v>iety ( contrivances = effect+ cross-f]tilization ?r\gh _! activity4 ,b "o ( our or*ids 7! ,bee or*is7 is self-f]tiliz$4 ,i h>dly "k any?+ 9 vegetable life m /rik+ or beautiful ?an to see its delicate poll9>ia at a c]ta9 /age ( its infloresc5ce desc5d+ on to ! /igmatic surface & s yield+ _! poll5 gra9s to ! f]tilization ( _! own blossom2 & yet ! ,bee or*is has be5 f\nd by obs]v]s to be z free a se$] z any ( its tribe4 ,"h ! beauty & conspicu\sness ( ! blossom1 :i* are v great1 are1 z f> z c be se51 useless2 ! plant ga9s no?+ by ! attractiv5ess :i* x (f]s1 & ! col\r+ & ornam5tation ( ! blossom are1 on ! !ory ( utility1 residual ph5om5a4 ,x is difficult to imag9e t ! *ange f w9d or self-f]tilization c1 s to speak1 comm5d itself to ! fl[] on ! score ei!r ( economy or success4 ,if ! anemophil\s blossom mu/ produce some:at m poll5 ?an ! entomophil\s1 x saves ! great exp5diture ( mat]ial & vital =ce requisite = ! production ( ! l>ge & conspicu\s corolla4 ,! "o is f]tiliz$ by e w9d t bl[s2 ! o!r1 especially 9 ! case ( highly-specializ$ fl[]s l ! or*ids1 may be incapable ( f]tilization except by a v few insects4 ,! celebrat$ ,madagasc> or*id ,angrcum c be f]tiliz$1 x is said1 only by a mo? ) a proboscis f t5 to f\rte5 in*es long--a mo? s r>e or local t x is z yet kn[n to naturali/s only by prophecy4 ,x is difficult to suppose t x w\ld be b5eficial = ! plant's *ance ( survival to ex*ange z ! f]tiliz+ ag5t ! univ]sal w9d = ?is mo/ localiz$ insect4 ,& "h ano!r l9e ( evid5ce comes 9 & dem&s consid]ation4 ,! face ( ,nature1 z we n[ see x1 has n be5 always exhibit$ by ! _w4 ,! flora1 l ! fauna1 ( ! _w has *ang$3 h[ has x *ang$ z reg>ds ! beauty ( ! fl[]s8 ,does x give any te/imony to t becom+ beautiful ( ! fl[]s ( plants to :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 ref]s8 ,! answ] is n a v c]ta9 "o1 by reason ( ! imp]fection ( ! geological record1 ( ! probability t beautiful plants1 if !y _h exi/$1 & _h be5 ( a delicate /ructure1 w\ld h p]i%$ & left no trace beh9d4 ,b s f> z an answ] c be giv51 x is 9 fav\r ( ! increase ( floral beauty 9 ! vegetable _w4 ,! e>lie/ fl[] kn[n 7! ,po?ocites ,grantonii7 occurs 9 ! coal measures2 its fl[]s _c h be5 o!r ?an inconspicu\s 9 !mselves1 ?\gh x is possible t by gr\p+ !y 7 made m attractive to ! eye2 9 ! p]iod ( ! gr[? ( ! coal1 :5 ?is plant liv$1 ! va/ =e/s seem pr9cipally to h be5 compos$ ( trees )\t conspicu\s blossoms1 huge club mosses & m>e/ails1 & _m conif]s2 9 ! e>li] p]iods ( ?is e>? we h no trace ( conspicu\s blossom1 & x is n till ! upp] *alk t ! oaks & myrtles & ,proteace appe> z d5iz5s ( ! =e/s4 ,9 l mann]1 if we ref] to ! appe>ance ( insects on ! e>?1 we h no cle> trace 9 v e>ly /rata ( ^? classes ( insects :i* n[ d ! pr9cipal "w ( f]tilization = our conspicu\s fl[]s4 ,9 ! coal measures !re h be5 f\nd insects ( ! scorpion1 beetle1 cockroa*1 gras%opp]1 ant1 & neuropt]\s families2 b ( a butt]fly or mo? !re is only evid5ce ( great d\bt4 ,x seems probable1 !n1 & "o _c say m1 t ) ! progress ( ! ages1 fl[]s1 z a :ole1 h become m conspicu\s & attractive4 ,b if we inquire :e!r ! dull fl[]s ( "o era h gr[n into ! conspicu\s fl[]s ( ano!r1 ! answ] is negative4 ,! conif]s ( ! coal age 7 anemophil\s !n1 & are anemophil\s /ill2 !y %[ no symptom ( becom+ m conspicu\s2 ! same is true ( ! oaks ( ! *alk p]iod1 & ( all o!r inconspicu\s plants4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 conspicu\s & inconspicu\s fl[]s appe>s a p]man5t "o2 & ! page ( geology gives no evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! suppos$ *ange4 ,ano!r obs]vation mu/ yet be made4 ,comp>+ fl[]s f]tiliz$ by insects & by ! w9d1 x has nev]1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 be5 obs]v$ t ! =m] are m c]ta9 ( be+ set or m prolific ?an ! latt]2 &1 z already %[n1 ! inconspicu\s fl[]s are (t5 m f]tile ?an ! conspicu\s ones4 ,:at motive w\ld !re be1 !n1 = ! inconspicu\s fl[]s ( ! e>ly geologic p]iods to conv]t !mselves into ! brilliant corollas ( our day8 ,c>efully consid]$1 ! passage :i* ,i h cit$ f ,mr4 ,d>w9 does n acc\nt = ! beauty ( ! fl[]s ( plants at all2 x acc\nts only = _! conspicu\sness1 z ! writ] himself po9ts out2 & ! two ?+s are s diff]5t1 t to acc\nt = ! "o is n ev5 to t5d to acc\nt = ! o!r4 ,if any "o w consid] ! beauty ( e infloresc5ce1 :e!r conspicu\s or n--a beauty :i* ! microscope always makes app>5t :]e ! unaid$ eye fails to p]ceive x2 or1 aga91 ! easily p]ceiv$ beauty ( _m inconspicu\s plants2 or1 la/ly1 ! beauty ( _m conspicu\s plants :i* does n t5d to _! conspicu\sness--he w see h[ true ?is is4 ,= 9 _m conspicu\s fl[]s !re are delicate p5cill+s & m>k+s :i* c]ta9ly d n t5d to make !m su*1 b :i* nev]!less add greatly to _! beauty1 z we p]ceive x4 ,9 ! regul>ly %ap$ fl[]s ^! m>k+s (t5 />t f ! c5tre ( ! blossom l radii1 & !y may be conceiv$ z guid+ ! insects to ! c5tral /ore ( honey4 ,su* guidance c h>dly be ne$ful1 z ! %ape ( ! fl[] itself g5]ally does all1 & m ?an all1 t ! m>k+s c d 9 ! way ( guidance4 ,b x is by no means true t all ! m>k+s lead to ! c5tre ( ! fl[]3 _m are transv]se2 _m are m>g9al2 "s are by way ( spot4 ,aga91 take ! irregul>ly %ap$ fl[]s1 :i* are suppos$ to be ! exclusive subjects ( insect f]tilization2 h[ inf9ite are ! beauties ( ! fl[] ov] & above ^? :i* make x conspicu\s1 or c assi/ to guide ! insect4 ,take ! or*ids1 = example3 ! labellum is g5]ally ! l&+-place ( ! insect visitors2 b ! o!r fl[]-leaves are almo/ always ! subjects ( a va/ display ( delicate beauty :i* _c be acc\nt$ = by ! necessity ( conspicu\sness or guidance4 ,all ?is beauty is1 on ! !ory 9 "q1 an unexpla9$ fact4 ,b1 aga91 take ! grasses1 :i* dep5d = f]tilization exclusively on ! w9d1 & h no ne$ to woo ! visits ( ! insects4 ,! beauty ( ! m>k+s ( ! infloresc5ce ( _m ( ! grasses is v great1 ?\gh f> f conspicu\s3 take ! delicately b&$ fl[]s ( our quak+ grasses2 take ! ri* crimson ( ! foxtails2 take ! brilliant yell[ ( ! ,can>y ,phal]is2 & x is impossible to refuse ! attribute ( beauty 9 col\r to ! w9d-lov+ grasses4 ,& all ?is beauty is unexpla9$ on ! !ory 9 "q4 ,x is impossible to speak ( ! grasses & n to h ! m9d recall$ to ! beauty t resides 9 =m z contra/$ ) col\r4 ,elegance1 grace ( =m1 *>act]izes mo/ 7b n all7 plants1 :e!r f]tiliz$ by ! w9d or by insects2 & yet ?is grace1 9 _m cases1 p]haps 9 mo/1 adds no?+ to _! conspicu\sness4 ,x is1 on ! !ory 9 "q1 a piece ( idle beauty2 & yet x is all-p]vad+--a p]si/5t1 ?\gh n univ]sal1 *>act]i/ic ( ! vegetable _w4 ,b to rev]t to conspicu\sness4 ,x is n true to say t all self-f]tiliz$ plants h inconspicu\s fl[]s4 ,i h adduc$ ! ,/ephanotis & ,hoya on ?is po9t4 ,nor is x true to say t all anemophil\s fl[]s are inconspicu\s z comp>$ ) ! gre5 ( _! leaves4 ,! l>ge b delicate yell[ gr\ps ( ! male fl[]s ( ! ,scot* p9e 7n to travel beyond v famili> plants7 are v conspicu\s 9 ! e>ly summ]--mu* m s1 to my eye at lea/1 ?an _m fl[]s :i* are suppos$ to /ake _! lives on attraction by be+ conspicu\s4 ,h]mann ,mll] has obs]v$ on ?is same fact1 & consid]s x to be cle> t ! display ( col\r c be ( no use to ! plant1 & mu/ !re=e be reg>d$ z a m]ely accid5tal ph5om5on1#ba--;i4e41 a ph5om5on n acc\nt$ = by utility4 ,! crimson fl[]s ( ! l>*1 aga91 are c]ta9ly v conspicu\s z well z beautiful on ! yet leafless b\ghs2 & yet !y owe no?+ to insects4 ,"o o!r rem>k mu/ be made on ?is passage f ,mr4 ,d>w9 :i* has =m$ my text4 ,x does n pret5d to acc\nt = ! production ( beauty or ev5 ( conspicu\sness4 ,x only seeks to acc\nt = ! accumulation ( t quality 9 c]ta9 plants1 & its comp>ative abs5ce 9 o!rs4 ,! t5d5cy 9 ,nature to produce beauty is a po/ulate 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory4 ,! beauty ( m\nta9 blossoms has be5 ref]r$ to z support+ ! utility ( beauty3 x is n p]fectly cle> t ev5 ?is c be acc\nt$ = m]ely by ! ne$ ( attract+ insects4 ,x is said by ! ,am]ican writ] to :om ,i h already ref]r$1 ,mr4 ,meehan1 t ! fl[]s ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s are beautifully col\r$1 produce z mu* se$ z simil> ones else:]e1 & yet t !re is a rem>kable sc>city ( insect life--s great1 ,i und]/& him to mean1 z to r5d] x highly improbable t ! races ( ! fl[]s c be p]petuat$ by insect ag5cy4 ,we h hi!rto1 accord+ to promise1 be5 consid]+ ! beauty ( fl[]s z deta*$ f all surr\nd+ facts1 & isolat$ f all o!r p>ts ( ! plant4 ,b1 9 fact1 ?is beauty ( ! infloresc5ce ( plants is only "o ph5om5on ( a mu* l>g] class4 ,! petals & sepals are only leaves2 & x is difficult to argue ab\t ! "* ( ! fl[]-leaves & omit f ?\ght ! /alk & root-leaves2 & ^! leaves cont9ually possess a weal? ( beauty bo? ( =m & col\r = :i* no intelligible utility has ev] be5 sugge/$4 ,! use made ( conspicu\s leaves 9 ! mod]n /yle ( b$d+-out & ! cultivation 9 hot-h\ses ( :at are call$ foliage plants1 w recall ?is to e "o4 ,9 _m cases ! /ems ( plants1 (t5 ! ve9s ( ! leaves1 & (t5 ! backs ( ! leaves1 are ! homes ( di/9ct & beautiful col\r+1 = :i*1 s f> z ,i "k1 no acc\nt c be giv5 on ! score ( use4 ,to enl>ge our view yet a little m1 ! brilliant col\rs ( ! fungi & ( ! li*5s1 mosses1 & sea-we$s1 &1 la/ly1 ! outbur/ ( v>i$ col\rs 9 ! autumn--! crimson ( ! bramble1 ! br[ns ( ! oaks1 ! r$ ( ! maple1 ! gold ( ! elm1 ! sun%9e ( ! )]+ f]n--all ^! pres5t !mselves to u z s closely ak9 to ! pa9t$ beauty ( fl[]s t we _c ?9k ( ! "o )\t ! o!r2 & we may well hesitate to accept z satisfactory a !ory :i* c (f] no explanation ( ph5om5a s closely ak9 to ^? ( fl[]s1 except1 =soo?1 t !y are m]ely accid5tal4 ,once aga91 to wid5 ! range ( our m5tal vision1 ! beauty ( ! vegetable _w is b a "p ( t great & complex mass ( beauty f :i* we agre$ to segregate x2 & view$ z "p ( t1 x mu/ h ! same explanation appli$ to x z ! o!r beautiful ph5om5a ( ! _w4 ,x is wor? :ile to rememb] t ,beauty is no outcome ( a long p]iod ( evolution2 x is no late ev5t 9 ! geologic hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! l[e/ =ms ( organic life no less ?an ! highe/ are clad 9 beauty4 ,_m be+s t are simple /ructureless protoplasm--to use ! language ( ,pr(essor ,allman z ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,association ?is ye>--fa%ion = !mselves an out] membrane\s or calc>e\s case1 (t5 ( symmetrical =m & elaborate ornam5tation1 or con/ruct a silici\s skeleton ( radiat+ spicula or cry/al-cle> conc5tric sph]es ( exquisite symmetry & beauty4#bb ,s1 too1 9 ! ,silurian p]iod1 ! corals & o!r m>9e /ructures 71 no d\bt1 end[$ ) e grace :i* c\ld please ! eye ( man1 if he _h be5 !re4 ,beauty is ! inv>iable companion ( ,nature4 ,x is difficult1 !re=e1 to acc\nt = x z a result ( evolution2 &1 z = ! !ory t x 0 made = man's delectation only1 a s+le diatom or a s+le fossil f a ,silurian b$ is en\gh to put ! :ole va9 egotism to flight4 ,:at are ! results fairly d$ucible f ^! obs]vations8 ,!y seem to be ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,t conspicu\sness is a /ep t[>ds f]tilization 9 "o mode1 & might1 !re=e1 well be us$ by an arti/ lov+ at once beauty & f]tility4 #b4 ,t !re is no su* prepond]at+ advantage 9 beauty z %\ld conv]t ! ugly anemophil\s fl[]s into ! brilliant entomophil\s fl[]s4 #c4 ,t 9 an inf9ite numb] ( cases beauty exi/s1 b )\t any relation to ! mode ( f]tilization4 #d4 ,t x is ma9ta9$ 9 _m cases :]e ! ugli] & less beautiful plant is m useful1 z 9 ! case ( ! violet4 #e4 ,t ev5 :]e conspicu\sness is useful1 x furni%es no complete acc\nt ( ! :ole beauty ( ! fl[]4 ,let u apply ^! facts to ! two rival !ories4 ,if1 on ! "o h&1 no?+ has become beautiful b ?r\gh ! utility ( beauty1 beauty w be f\nd :]e x is useful & n[h]e else4 ,b we h f\nd beauty )\t f9d+ utility2 s t !ory1 on our pres5t k1 is inadmissible4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !re be an artific] 9 ,nature :o loves at once utility & beauty1 he may use ! "o sometimes z a mean to ! o!r1 or he may use beauty )\t utility2 & ! pres5ce ( beauty )\t utility is intelligible4 ,& "h ,i conclude4 ,i see 9 ,nature bo? utility & beauty2 b ,i am n conv9c$ t ! "o is solely dep5d5t on ! o!r4 ,i f9d a grace & a glory 7ev5 9 ! fl[]s ( plants7 :i*1 on ! utilit>ian !ory1 is n acc\nt$ =1 is a residual ph5om5on2 & t 9 su* enorm\s proportions t ! ph5om5on expla9$ be>s no p]ceptible proportion to ! ph5om5on left unexpla9$4 ,:e!r ?is be s or n1 x appe>s to me1 = ! reasons ,i h already giv51 t we may /ill ent]ta9 ! same notions ab\t ! beauty ( ! _w z be=e4 ,our s\ls may /ill rejoice 9 beauty z ( old4 ,to "s ( u ?is glori\s frame has n appe>$ a dead me*anic mass1 b a liv+ :ole1 in/9ct ) spiritual life2 & 9 ! beauty :i* we see ar\nd u 9 ,nature's face1 we h felt ! smile ( a spiritual ,be+1 z we feel ! smile ( our fri5d add+ light & lu/re to 8 c\nt5ance4 ,i /ill indulge ?is fancy1 or1 if y w1 ?is sup]/ition4 ,/ill1 z ( old1 ,i feel 7to use ! famili> language ( our great poet ( ,nature7-- ,a pres5ce t di/urbs me ) ! joy ,( elevat$ ?\ghts3 a s5se sublime ,( some?+ f> m deeply int]fus$1 ,^: dwell+ is ! light ( sett+ suns1 ,& ! r\nd ocean1 & ! liv+ air1 ,& ! blue sky1 & 9 ! m9d ( man2 ,a motion & a _s1 t impels ,all ?9k+ ?+s1 all objects ( all ?\ght1 ,& rolls ?r\gh all ?+s4 ,!re=e am ,i /ill ,a lov] ( ! mead[s & ! woods ,& m\nta9s2 & ( all t we behold ,f ?is gre5 e>?3 ( all ! mighty _w1 ,( eye1 & e>4 ,,edw4 ,,fry4 ,footnote #a3 ,wisdom1 xiii4 #c-e4 ,footnote #b3 ,p4 #bjj4 ,footnote #c3 ,orig9 ( ,species 7#d? ,ed471 p4 #bci4 ,footnote #d3 ,wallace1 ,tropical ,nature1 p4 #bcb4 ,footnote #e3 ,ibid4 p4 #bcb4 ,footnote #f3 ,ibid4 p4 #bcg4 ,footnote #g3 ,fl[]s & _! ,unbidd5 ,gue/s1 by ,k]n]1 translat$ by ,ogle4 ,prefatory ,lett]4 ,footnote #h3 ,h5sl[1 ,on ,self-,f]tilization4 ,trans4 ,l9n4 ,society1 #bnd s]ies1 ,botany1 i4 p4 #cbe4 ,qu]y3 ,is n ?is ! case ) ! ,tacsonia ( our gre5h\ses8 ,footnote #i3 ,h5sl[1 ubi sup4 #cbi4 ,footnote #aj3 ,k]n]1 p4 #aa4 ,^! /atem5ts appe> to me1 ?\gh made by a v accompli%$ obs]v]1 to require v]ification4 ,my own obs]vations on ! ,col*icum 7:i* h be5 only v imp]fect7 w\ld h l$ me to incl9e to a diff]5t conclusion4 ,footnote #aa3 ,k]n]1 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #ab3 ,lubbock's ,wild ,fl[]s 9 ,relation to ,insects1 p4 #ef4 ,footnote #ac3 ,l9dley1 ,veg4 ,k+4 #dcf4 ,footnote #ad3 ,ueb] die ,be/aubungsvorri*tung5 bei d5 ,fum>iace51 9 ,pr+%eim's ,jahrbu*1 vol4 vii4 "p iv4 p4 #dbc4 #ahgj4 ,footnote #ae3 ,l9k1 ,report on ,progress ( ,botany dur+ #ahda1 translat$ by ,lanke/] 7,ray ,society1 #ahde71 p4 #fe4 ,footnote #af3 ,meehan1 ,on ,f]tilization by ,insect ,ag5cy4 ,g>d5]s' ,*ronicle1 #aa ,sept4 #ahge4 ,footnote #ag3 ,= ! :ole subject ( ^! mo/ curi\s fl[]s1 see ,mr4 ,d>w9's book ,on ! ,diff]5t ,=ms ( ,fl[]s2 ,rev4 ,g4 ,h5sl[1 ,tr4 ,l9n4 ,society1 ,botany1 #bnd s]ies1 vol4 i4 p4 #cag2 ,mr4 ,b5nett1 ,j\rnal ( ,l9n4 ,society1 ,botany1 xiii4 p4 #adg1 xvii4 p4 #bfi4 ,footnote #ah3 ,b5nett1 ,j\rnal ( ,l9n4 ,society1 ,botany1 xiii4 p4 #adg4 ,footnote #ai3 ,meehan1 ,on ,f]tilization1 ubi supra4 ,footnote #bj3 ,mr4 ,b5nett1 ,on ,clei/ogam\s ,fl[]s1 ,l9n4 ,society's ,j\rnal1 ,botany1 xvii4 p4 #bgh1 has %[n t ! latt] is probably ! correct view4 ,footnote #ba3 ,nature1 ix4 #dfa4 ,footnote #bb3 ,nature1 xx4 p4 #chf4 ,,:]e ,,are ,,we ,,9 ,,art8 ,no d\bt education is a f9e ?+6 said ,i1 m$itatively1 lay+ d[n my ?irte5? newspap]4 ,x 0 a ra9y ,novemb] day1 & ! read+-room 0 ne>ly empty4 ,i _h be5 told ! great fact ov] & ov] aga9 9 "s =m or o!r 9 all ! ,dailies & ,weeklies4 ,x _h be5 repeat$ 9 e v>iety ( tone 9 ! little pile ( ,mon?lies at my elb[1 ( :i* ,i _h skimm$ ! cream 7no "o 9 ^! days c be expect$ to g ?r\gh ! lab\r ( a :ole article76 ,! ,qu>t]lies1 9 m pond]\s fa%ion1 _h reit]at$ ! s5tim5t4 ,we _h got hold ( ! "r ?+2 all t 0 want$ 0 m & m ( ! same4 ,let ev]ybody be s]v$ alike2 :at is meat = ! g&] is meat also = ! goose1 repeat$ ! advocates ( wom5's education1 magniloqu5tly 7?\gh n exactly 9 ^? words74 ,let ev]ybody le>n ! same ?+ t ,i am le>n+6 ,h[ mu* bett] & wis] we are ?an our =efa!rs6 ,h[ beautiful = u to be able to say1 z 9 ! old /ory ( ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,in/ruction :5 he pulls out 8 wat*1 ,x is t5 o'clock2 all ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ools 9 ,engl& are do+ _! sums4 ,x is half-pa/ elev51 !y are all writ+ _! copies6 ,:at ev]ybody says mu/ be true1 ?\ght ,i2 ! s*oolma/] has got ! bett] ( ! _w1 & rules ! roa/ despotically2 b !n h[ great is ! result6 ,i repeat$1 ) pride4 ,su* p]fection 0 r oppressive1 & ,i c\ld n help yawn+ a little z ,i w5t up/airs1 look+ r\nd z ,i w5t4 ,! decorations ( ! club 7 wond]fully f9e1 no d\bt1 b p]haps an ,italian ( ! ,c9que-c5to w\ld n h ?\ght !m q successful4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 he w\ld h be5 wrong4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly mu* less in/ruct$ 9 art ?an we are4 ,i /roll$ to ! w9d[1 & look$ out at a /ucco palace on ei!r h& & ov] ! way1 ) pill>s & pila/]s add$ ad libitum1 & a glimpse ( a long wall ) oblong op5+s cut 9 x1 /ret*+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! /reet4 ,"o ( ! abom9able regim5ts ( black /atues :i* disfigure ,london /ood ne> ! corn]1 ! nicely-f9i%$ buttons ( ^: palett1 & ! creases ( ^: boots 7! orig9als ( :i* mu/ h be5 made by ,hoby71 _h (t5 be5 my wond]1 if n admiration4 ,yes1 !re c]ta9ly is a lo/ art or two1 :i* h someh[ made _! escape f ?is be/ ( all worlds1 9 spite ( our drill+ & d\ble-di/ill$ tra9+1 ,i sigh$4 ,!re 0 a portfolio ( photographs ly+ on ! table1 :i* ,i turn$ ov] ab/ract$ly4 ,! ,v5us de ,milo1 & ! ,!seus ( ! ,p>!non2 ! ,raphael frescoes ( ! great c\ncil ( ! gods 9 ! ,f>nes9a ,palace at ,rome2 a /reet 9 ,v5ice2 ,durham ,ca!dral2 ! decorations ( ! ,c]tosa at ,pavia2 "s specim5s ( old ,japanese porcela92 "s col\r$ patt]ns ( ,p]sian %awls & pray]-rugs & ( ,indian inlaid "w4 ,ea* ( !m 0 good & appropriate ( its k9d1 express+ a national or individual ta/e & feel+1 or1 be/ ( all1 a belief4 ,& none ( !m 7 ! results ( education1 b ( a k9d ( in/9ct ( art :i* no in/ruction hi!rto has be5 able to give1 ( :i* x seems ev5 sometimes to deprive a race1 z a savage g5]ally loses 8 accurate p]ception ( details & 8 p[] ( memory & arti/ic p]ceptions1 ) 8 delicacy ( he>+ & smell1 z a consequ5ce ( s-call$ civilization4 ,! ,h9doo arranges col\rs = a fabric ) ! same c]ta9ty ( intuition t a bird weaves 8 ne/1 or a spid] its web4 ,8 blues & gre5s are z h>moni\s 9 _! comb9ations z ^? ( ,nature h]self2 :ile ! educat$ ,engli%man is n[ introduc+ e species ( atrocity 9 =m & col\r :]ev] he goes1 ru9+ ! beautiful native manufactures by in/ructions f 8 sup]ior /&po9t2 =c+ ! work]s to commit e blund] :i* he does himself at home1 9 ord] to adapt _! fabrics to ! abom9able ta/e ( ! middle classes 9 ,engl&4 ,ev5 ! mission>ies1 male & female1 _c hold _! h&s1 & tea* ! *ildr5 9 s*ools & h>eems cro*et & cross-/it* ( ! wor/ designs & col\rs1 in/ead ( ! exquisite native embroid]y ( ! pa/4 ,ars5ic gre5s1 mag5ta & gas-t> dyes1 are introduc$ by ord] ( ! m]*ants into c>pets & ca%m]e %awls2 vile col\rs & =ms 9 pott]y & bad lacqu]-"w are gr[+ up1 by comm&1 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,!re seems to be no *eck or /ay to ! irruption ( bad ta/e :i* is swamp+ ! :ole _w by our influ5ce4 ,! ,japanese h ev5 be5 recomm5d$ to make a ,museum ( _! own beautiful old productions quickly1 or ! v memory ( _! exi/5ce1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 made1 w\ld be lo/4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t ! ta/e ( ! ,fr5* is bett] ?an our own1 & ! pretty1 ! biz>re1 ! becom+1 may inde$ be said to belong to _! doma92 b high art is n _! vocation4 ,a c]ta9 h>mony is obta9$ by qu5*+ col\r1 z 9 ! ,s\pir t\ff1 ! ,bism>ck malade1 ! rose dgrade1 ! ,celadon ( ! ,svres *9a1 all eigh? & t5? degrees ( dilution2 b pure col\r1 l t ( ,p]sia & ( ! ,ea/ g5]ally1 !y nev] n[ d>e to dip _! h&s into4 ,! gorge\s effects ( _! own old pa9t$ glass1 ! rose w9d[s ( ! *ur*es at ,r\5 & 9 _m o!r t[ns ( ,norm&y1 are f> beyond _! pres5t rea*4 ,! /a9$ glass ( all c\ntries 9 ,europe1 inde$1 belong+ to ! good times1 is a fea/ ( col\r :i* none ( ! mod]n "w c approa*4 ,!re is a ,la/ ,judgm5t1 said to be f designs by ,alb]t ,dr]1 :i* 0 tak5 9 a sea-fight on its road to ,spa91 & put up 9 a little *ur* at ,fair=d1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 :i* dazzles u ) its spl5d\r2 & ! scraps :i* are /ill to be f\nd all ov] ,engl& 9 village *ur*es 7_m ( :i* are n[ believ$ to be ( home manufacture7 are z beautiful z ! great ,flemi% w9d[s ?irty feet high4 ,at ! pres5t day ! pigm5ts us$1 we are told1 are f9]2 ! glass is inf9itely bett] roll$1 all ! manufactur+ processes h made wond]ful progress1 z we pr\dly decl>e2 only ! results ( x are utt]ly & simply dete/able--! col\rs ( ! great mod]n w9d[s 9 ,cologne ,ca!dral & ,we/m9/] ,abbey set "o's v tee? on edge--! temptation to use a /one 7if x _h come "u "o's h&7 w\ld be frightfully great 9 front ( t at ! ea/ end ( ,ripon4 ,!re lies be=e me an old ,p]sian rug1 all out ( %ape & twi/$ 9 ! weav+1 b full ( subtle quantities 9 col\r1 p]fect 9 ! proportions ( its vivid brilliancy1 & a gr& new ,axm9/] c>pet alongside1 ( faultless con/ruction1 ) a design z hide\s z its col\rs are h>%4 ,x is n only n[ ) productions de/9$ = ! ,engli% m>ket1 b ! degradation ( art is beg9n+ to spread all ov] ! _w--! /&>ds ( in/ruct$ ,european ta/e are vitiat+ ! v well-spr+s ( beautiful old "w4 ,! mantilla ( ,seville1 & ! tovaglia ( ! ,roman peasant1 are supplant$ by frightful bonnets2 ! /rik+ old co/umes are disappe>+ alike 9 ,brittany & 9 ,algi]s2 9 ,a!ns & 9 ,turkey !y are giv+ way to ! abom9ations ( ,p>isian toilettes = ! wom51 :ile ! *imney-pot hat is tak+ ! place ( ! turban & ! kalpac = ! m54 ,! picturesque qua9tness ( ! n>r[ ,egyptian /reets dies away1 z "u a fro/1 "u ! h& ( ,we/]n ar*itects2 ! delicate pi]c$ woodwork ( _! project+ balconies is *ang$ = flat w9d[s ) r$ & gre5 jal\sies2 & ! ,kh$ive builds m9>ets1 x is true1 b l enl>g$ ,mordan p5cil-cases4 ,! h>mony ( ! l9es 9 an anci5t ,arabian f\nta9 or mosque at ,cairo1 ! int]lac+ patt]ns ( fretwork 9 ! ,s>ac5ic build+s at ,gr5ada1 are m>vell\s 9 _! exquisite v>iety2 yet ! secret ( _! con/ruction 9 _! own l& is ne>ly gone1 ! v tradition ( ! old "w seems to h p]i%$ 9 ! race--!y _c ev5 imitate _! own old creations4 ,oh = a t\* ( a vani%$ h&6 we say ov] ! ru9$ tombs ( ! ,memlook ,sultans 9 _! desolate beauty1 /&+ lonely 9 ! des]t ne> ,cairo1 or ! wond]ful mosques ( ! des]t$ city ( ,beejapore 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy1 ^: photographs h lately be5 pr9t$4 ,ea* nation 9 ! old "t _h an expression ( its ?\ghts 9 ! build+s 9 :i* x h\s$ its gods1 its gov]nm5t1 & its individuals1 :i* 0 z di/9ctive z its language3 a tongue1 inde$1 9 /one1 9 col\r & 9 =m1 z pla9 z1 inde$ pla9] ?an1 ev] words c\ld frame4 ,! ,egyptian1 ) ! flat squ>e l9es ( ! gigantic slabs plac$ across ! =e/s ( enorm\s r\nd$ pill>s closely pack$1 ! av5ues ( sph9xes & obelisks lead+ up 7nev] at "r angles1 curi\sly to our s5se ( con=mity7 to ! temples--solemn1 heavy1 magnific5t1 my/]i\s--) a s5tim5t ( dignifi$ repose1 ?\gh little ( beauty or proportion1 b full ( symbolism & sugge/ion & gr&eur4 ,! exquisite ,greek build+s1 :]e proportion 0 almo/ l music 9 its sci5tific h>mony ( p>ts1 s exact1 s modulat$1 s sev]e1 s lovely--) sculpture =m+ an almo/ necess>y portion ( ! ar*itectural design :5 at its highe/ po9t ( excell5ce4 ,! ,s>ac5ic1 ) its simple grace ( con/ruction & delicate detail ( ornam5t1 ) holy words & comb9ations ( l9es 9 place ( natural =ms1 & so>+ beauty ( domes1 & pi]c$ m>ble "w4 ,! ,middle ,age ,italian1 ) its inlaid & decorat$ faades & weal? ( columns1 & trac]ies ( gay-col\r$ /ones1 & contra/s ( brilliant light & d>k %ad[s 9 ! deep-set w9d[s & doors1--bright & lovely l ,giotto's ,campanile at ,flor5ce1 ris+ l a fl[] ov] ! city1 or great *ur*es l ^? ( ,orvieto & ,/4 ,m>k's1#a ) _! ri* pr(usion ( mosaic & c>v$ /one & qua9t modifications ( brickwork4 ,or ! build+s ( ! ,go?ic nations 7our own includ$71 :i* (t51 l ^? at ,mont ,/4 ,mi*el1 seem to h s gr[n out ( ! situation--:]e ! ,art is s int]wov5 ) ,nature1 t x is h>dly possible to discov] :]e "o beg9s & ! o!r ends4 ,!re is some?+ also ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,nature works1 9 ! feel+ ) :i* ! curves int]lace1 seem+ almo/ to gr[ into ea* o!r1 9 a ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,9 ! p]spectives ( heavy r\nd ar*es ( ,w9*e/] & ,durham1 9 ! upw>d so>+ ( ! ,salisbury spire1 !re is ! same impression--!y seem to h come s4 ,x is l a liv+ organism1 ! p>ts ( :i* are z natural & necess>y to ! :ole z is ! gr[? ( a tree3 l ! recipe ( old = a poet1 !y seem to h be5 born1 n made4 ,all ^! diff]5t races inv5t$ = !mselves :at is call$ a /yle2 t is to say1 an orig9al mann]1 peculi> & adapt$ to _! special idiosyncrasies1 ( fulfill+ ^? wants :i* e nation1 z soon z x em]ges f ! savage /ate1 mu/ feel & provide = 9 "s fa%ion4 ,ev5 to desc5d to v inf]ior "w--!re is "* & expression 9 ! old ,k+ ,william h\ses on ! riv]-bank at ,*elsea1 9 ! pretty little ,que5 ,anne ,squ>e 9 ,we/m9/]2 x is too neat & pretty to be high art1 ) its unobtrusive m\ld$ brick1 its %all[ projections1 & ! c>v$ %ells ov] ! doorways2 b x is n unlike ! poetry ( ,pope 9 ! delicate f9i% & adaptation ( its p>ts1 :ile no "o c d5y t x has an individuality :i* ! sm>t new h\ses 9 ,grosv5or ,place are totally )\t1 :]e co/ly granite & excell5t /one seem to h be5 employ$ to %[ ! moral lesson t ! be/ mat]ials are ( little s]vice unless mix$ ) bra9s1 sir1 z ,opie advis$4 ,e capital ( ! columns is c>v$ by h&1 b ( ! poore/ design & all alike--x is h>dly possible to conceive ! pov]ty ( inv5tion involv$ 9 mak+ e h\se & e ornam5t an exact copy ( its neighb\r1 9 a situation :i* invit$ picturesque treatm5t--aft] too1 x _h be5 %[n at ! ,ox=d ,museum t c>v+ 0 done bo? quick] & bett] :5 ! work]s ex]t$ _! m9ds 9 su* inv5tions z !y possess$ 7& "s ( _! r5d]+s ( natural =ms 7 beautiful7 ?an :5 !y m]ely foll[$ a /]eotyp$ patt]n4 ,at pres5t we c z soon inv5t a new /yle = ourselves z a new animal2 we copy1 we comb9e--t is1 "u ! ,georgian era we add$ a ,mahometan cupola to ,roman columns 9 ! ,reg5t's ,p>k2 or1 /ill lat]1 we made "o p$im5t s]ve = ! :ole side ( a ,belgravian squ>e--i4e41 a =m int5d$ = a nicely-calculat$ angle ov] ! front ( a temple ) a p>ticul> numb] ( columns1 is /ret*$ z on a rack ov] ! ro(s ( an acre ( h\ses2 or we build a portico design$ z a %elt] aga9/ ! cl\dless sun%9e ( ! ,greek climate to d>k5 a sunless ,engli% dwell+-h\se4 ,our la/ a*ievem5t has be5 to make a pa/iccio ( ! high mans>de ,p>isian ro(s1 ) hide\s little debas$ ,italian porticoes1 a qu>t] ( a mile ( :i* may be se5 9 ! ,grosv5or ,g>d5s di/rict4 ,also we c pat* & imitate--t is1 rebuild a %am antique--f :i*1 h[ev] +5i\sly done1 ! ineffable *>m ( ! orig9al has escap$ l a gas4 ,:y ! portico ( ! capital at ,wa%+ton1 or ! monum5t on ! ,calton ,hill at ,ed9burgh1 ^: columns are said to be an exact copy ( ^? at ,a!ns1 are s utt]ly un9t]e/+1 x w\ld take too long to expla92 b no "o w d5y t !y are m]e lumps ( dead /one1 :ile ! ,p>!non itself1 ru9$ & defac$1 wreck$ & ill-us$1 /ill /&s l a glori\s poem 9 m>ble1 :i* no evil treatm5t c deprive ( its *>m4 ,!re is m9d & s\l work$ into ! mat]ial1 & someh[ inextricably entangl$ into x1 :i* no copy1 h[ev] exact1 c 9 ! lea/ reproduce4 ,no d\bt we h improv$ 9 our /reet ar*itecture2 !re are isolat$ specim5s ( r$ brick1 a %op-front 9 ,s\? ,audley ,/reet1 & "o 9 ,new ,bond ,/reet1 sev]al excell5t build+s 9 ! city1 c1 c1 legitimate adaptations ( gables1 dorm]s1 & w9d[s1 exce$+ly good ( _! k9d2 b ^! are n orig9al creations1 only developm5ts ( :at already exi/s4 ,!re is "o po9t 9 :i* our pres5t %all[1 un9tellig5t education has wr\ght irrep>able mis*ief4 ,we h le>nt s mu* ( respect = art z to desire to pres]ve ! works ( our =efa!rs1 b n s f> z to f9d out h[ ?is is to be done4 ,we set to "w to re/ore !m4 ,e in* ( ! surface ( an old *ur* is hi/orical z to ! mann] ( ! h&iwork ( ! m5 ( ! twelf?1 ?irte5?1 or :atev] may be ! c5tury1 & we proce$ to put a new face on x1 :i*1 at ! be/1 mu/ c]ta9ly be t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 we f9d a defac$ portrait /atue on an alt>-tomb 7z 9 a *ur* 9 ,devon%ire71 & we ins]t a smoo? mask out ( our own heads2 we f9d an ,e>ly ,engli% t[] ) walls f\rte5 feet ?ick1 & ?9k a ve/ry w\ld be nic] 9 its place1 & ! t[] is !re=e pull$ d[n & rebuilt at ! o!r end ( ! nave 7z 9 a *ur* 9 ,bucks72 or a curi\s monum5t to ! fif? son ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 or a c\ple ( kneel+ figures1 clad 9 ruffs & f>?+ales1 ( an old rector & 8 wife1 are )9 ! communion rails 7z 9 two o!r *ur*es 9 ,bucks72 ! incumb5ts d n approve ( tombs 9 su* sacr$ places1 &1 reg>dless ( ! curi\s hi/orical fact %[n by ! v position itself 9 pre-,re=mation days1 !y are ru?lessly root$ up1 & 9 ! latt] case a flam+ brass to ! rector's own family sub/itut$4 ,ev5 a little art education w\ld %[ u t ?is is n re/oration2 x may be a mu* f9] & sm>t] k9d ( "w1 z _m p seem to consid] x2 b ! cutt+ d[n an in* ( ! spl5did c>v$ /one por*es at ,*>tres to a new surface is n re/or+ t :i* 0 !re be=e--! face ( ! fifte5?-c5tury lady _c be re/or$ )\t a portrait :i* no long] exi/s--! new t[] may be v pretty1 b x is c]ta9ly no long] a specim5 ( r>e old ,e>ly ,engli% "w4 ,l ! monks ( old c>efully scrat*+ _! invaluable p>*m5t manuscripts1 to put 9 _! own words & notes1 we h at "o fell swoop scrat*$ ! hi/ory ( ,engli% ecclesia/ical art (f ! l&1 & ar*ologi/s are inquir+ sadly = in/ances ( unre/or$ *ur*es1 :i*1 alas6 n[ are sc>cely to be f\nd4 ,:at may be ! reason :y ar*itecture1 sculpture1 pa9t+1 & ev5 poetry--i4e41 ! comb9ation ( /one1 brick1 m>ble1 metal1 col\rs1 &1 la/ly1 ( metrical =ms ( words--%\ld all suff] by ! advance ( our 7s-call$7 civilization & education1 is /ill a my/]y2 b few w be f\nd to d\bt ! fact 9 detail1 ?\gh !y may d5y ! g5]al =mula4 ,p]haps our self-consci\sness z to our great virtues1 our progress1 our k1 ! le>n+ ( ! reason ( our "w1 ! introv]sion ( our pres5t moods ( ?\ght1 *eck ! developm5t ( an idea1 ev5 if we may be =tunate en\gh to get hold ( "o4 ,self-consci\sness is fatal to art2 !re is a c]ta9 spontaneity ( utt]ance--s++1 z ! birds s+1 because !y _c help x--compos+1 almo/ z ! m\nta9s & cl\ds compose1 by reason ( _! exi/5ce itself1 n because !y want to make a picture1--:i* produces natural "w1 gr[n out ( ! man & ! requirem5ts ( 8 nature1 to :i* x seems1 ) v r>e exceptions1 t we _c n[ atta94 ,9 sculpture1 a mod]n ,r4,a4 has acquir$ t5 times z mu* anatomy z ,phidias3 dissection 0 unkn[n1 & n p]mitt$1 by ! ,greeks4 ,*emi/ry has produc$ = ! pa9t] col\rs :i* ,raphael 7luckily = u7 nev] dream$ (4 ,yet "o _c help wond]+ at ! /range d>+ :i* p]mits ! hon\rable society at ,burl+ton ,h\se to hang ye>ly ! works ( ! anci5t ma/]s ( ! craft on ! same walls :]e _! own productions are to figure a few weeks lat]1 z if to in=m ! _w mo/ impressively & depress+ly f h[ f> we h fall5 9 pictorial art2 to /r+ up our ta/e1 z x 71 to conc]t pit*--to give ! key-note ( true excell5ce1 9 ord] to m>k ! dep? to :i* we h sunk4 ,we n[ tea* draw+ dilig5tly 9 all ,european c\ntries1 & are surpris$ t we get no ,mi*elangelos4 ,did ,masaccio g to a s*ool ( design1 or ,giotto le>n free-h& manipulation8 ,education1 z x is g5]ally def9$--mean+ !reby a k ( ! accumulation ( facts discov]$ by o!r p--is good = ! g5]al public1 = ord9>y humanity1 b n = orig9al m9ds1 except s f> z x saves !m "t & tr\ble by prev5t+ !m f re9v5t+ :at has be5 already done by o!rs4 ,true1 !re c be b few inv5tors 79 ! old ,italian s5se ( creators7 9 ! _w at any "o mom5t1 & tra9+ mu/1 x w be said1 be c>ri$ on = ! use ( ! _m2 b "o might /ill plead = a c]ta9 ela/icity 9 our tea*+1 a m>g9 left = free-w among ! few :o w ev] be able to use x4 ,&1 meantime1 x is all[able to lam5t ov] ! numb] ( arts we h lo/1 or are 9 dang] ( los+1 :i* c only be practis$ by ! few--^: numb] seems ev] to be dim9i%+1 "u our g5]aliz+ processes ( turn+ out z _m m9ds ( ! same patt]n z if we want$ nail-heads or pat5t screws by ! million4 ,?is is n education 9 its true & highe/ s5se--i4e41 ! br++ =? ! be/ t is 9 a man2 n simply putt+ k into him1 b us+ ! v>iety ( gifts1 :i* ev5 ! poore/ 9 end[m5t possess1 to ! be/ possible end4 ,& ?is seems m & m difficult z ! /]eotyp$ patt]n is m & m en=c$ 9 bo>d-s*ools1 end[$ s*ools1 public s*ools1 univ]sities2 & ea* bit ( pla/ic mat]ial1 :ile "y1 is =c$ z mu* z possible into ! same %ape1 ! only cont5tion be+ :o %all h ! con/ruction ( ! die :i* all alike are eag] to apply to e individual ( ! nation4 ,( all races :i* h yet exi/$ !re c be no d\bt t ! ,greek 0 ! "o mo/ highly end[$ ) arti/ic p[]s ( all k9ds2 yet ! ,greek 0 c]ta9ly n1 9 our s5se ( ! t]m1 an educat$ man at all2 8 p[]s ( e k9d1 h[ev]1 7 cultivat$ indirectly by ! v atmosph]e he liv$ 94 ,8 s5sitive arti/ic nature f\nd food 9 ! =ms & col\rs ( ! m\nta9s & ! isl&s1 ! sea & ! sky1 by :i* he 0 surr\nd$2 by ! human nature ab\t him 9 its mo/ p]fect developm5t2 by e build+--8 temples1 8 tombs1 8 !atres--e pot & pan he us$1 e seat he sat ^u2 :]eas no man's eye c be o!r ?an degrad$ by ! unspeakable ugl9ess ( an ,engli% manufactur+ t[n1 or1 :at is almo/ worse1 by ! %am art :]e decoration ( any k9d is inv5t$ or attempt$ by ! ri*] middle class4 ,! !ory t soil & climate & food produce in/9cts ( beauty1 z well z v>ieties ( bea/s & plants1 is1 h[ev]1 evid5tly at fault 9 ^! que/ions2 = if ?is 7 ! case at "o "t 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 :y n at ano!r8 & ! pres5t inhabitants ( ,greece are z inapt z _! neighb\rs 9 sculpture1 pa9t+1 & ar*itecture4 ,no?+1 ev5 out ( ! work%ops ( ,birm+ham1 c exce$ ! ugl9ess ( _! pres5t productions--e4g41 a ,m9]va's head )\t a =ehead1 done 9 bead-"w on canvas1 fa/5$ on to a piece ( :ite m>ble1 :i* 0 giv5 z a preci\s p>t+ gift f ! goddess's own city to a valu$ fri5d4 ,!re seems n[ a headlong competition 9 e c\ntry aft] bad art4 ,if we ask = lace & embroid]y 9 ! ,greek isl&s1 or silv] fillagree 9 ,norway1--if we inquire = wood-c>v+ f ,burmah1 or ! old %awls & pott]y f ,p]sia & ! ,ea/1--! answ] is always ! same3 we are told t !re is none su* made at pres5t4 ,x is only :at rema9s ( ! old h&made "w t is to be obta9$2 ! pres5t inhabitants c>e = none ( ^! ?+s4 ,%am jewell]y f ! ,palais ,royal1 ,man*e/] goods1 /amp$ lea!r1 & ! l1 are :at ! natives are seek+ = !mselves1 :ile !y get rid ( all ^? ugly old ?+s to ! fir/ possible buy] = any price :i* !y c fet*4 ,manufactur+ an article1 7:atev] be ! real d]ivation ( ! ^w1 b7 mean+ ! use ( ma*9]y = ! multiplication ( ! greate/ numb] ( articles at ! lea/ co/1 h[ev] admirable = ! com=t ( ! million1 is evid5tly fatal to art4 ,:5 ea* bit ( ironwork1 e h+e1 e lock scut*eon1 0 hamm]$ out ) c>e & consid]ation by ! individual blacksmi?1 ev5 if he 7 b an indiff]5t p]=m]1 x bore ! /amp ( ! ?\ght ( a man's m9d direct+ 8 h&2 n[ !re is only ! /amp ( a ma*9e runn+ ! metal into a m\ld4 ,:5 e bit ( decorative wood-"w 0 all made out ( ! c>v]'s bra91--:5 ! embroid]y ( ! holiday %irt ( a boatman ( ,*ios' rocky isle took half a lifetime to devise & /it*1 & 0 int5d$ to la/ = g5]ations ( we>]s1 art f\nd a way1 h[ev] humble1 ?r\gh nimble f+]s int]pret+ ! fancies ( ! individual bra94 ,fancy "w1 z an old ,hamp%ire woman call$ h] /it*+ ( ! fronts & backs ( ! old-fa%ion$ smock-frocks1 ea* "o diff]+ f ! "o %e made be=e1 z h] fancy l$4 ,x 0 always int]e/+1 & almo/ always beautiful4 ,n[ ! h+es are ca/ by ! ton1 all ( "o patt]n2 =tunate1 inde$1 if ! orig9al be a good "o 7a v hopeful supposition674 ,! sew+-ma*9e repeats its monoton\s curves ( embroid]y2 ! wood-c>v+ is ! result ( skilfully-arrang$ knives & :eels work$ by /eam1 :i* only execute =ms adapt$ = !m4 ,! initial ?\ght ( _! design] mu/ be1 n :at is 9 itself desirable1 b t :i* ! ma*9e c be/ produce4 ,:at is "r 9 a p>ticul> place1 is ! natural object ( ! workman arti/2 h[ to use :at has be5 already ca/ or /amp$1 is ! object ( ! pres5t ord9>y build]2 & :at he calls symmetry--i4e41 monotony1 e l9e repeat$ ad nauseam--is ! result 8 education aims at4 ,symmetry1 9 ! s5se ( ! repetition ( ! inf9ite v>iety ( exquisitely modulat$ curves 9 ! two outl9es ( ! human body1 is beautiful & h>moni\s2 b !re is nei!r beauty nor h>mony 9 ! repetition ( ! self-same horizontal & p]p5dicul> l9es ( w9d[s & doors 9 a ,london /reet4 ,a feel+ ( :at 9 music are call$ contr>y motion1 oblique motion1 is all requir$ 9 ! impression produc$ by really f9e ar*itecture4 ,yet1 if ! ord9>y build] is ask$ to v>y 8 hide\s r[ ( h\ses by an additional w9d[ or a high] *imney1 he exclaims ) horror at su* a violation ( symmetry1 8 sole rule ( beauty be+ t all %\ld look alike4 ,! effect1 inde$1 ( ma*9e-made "w is to impress ^u ! tradesman m9d ! belief t p]fection consi/s :olly 9 exact & correct repetition ( a patt]n1 :i* may be said to be true 9 8 craft2 :]eas con/ant v>iation & developm5t is ! law ( heal?y art1 ! ne$ be+ express$ by ! design4 ,to save ! exp5se & tr\ble ( fre% draw+s1 also1 z soon z a patt]n becomes popul> 9 "o mat]ial1 x is imm$iately repeat$ ad nauseam 9 e o!r1 h[ev] incongru\s4 ,a bun* ( fu*sias has be5 suppos$ to look well 9 a lace curta92 x is !n ca/ 9 brass = ! end ( a curta9-rod2 is us$ = wall-pap]s & /one-c>v+ alike4 ,:]eas if a ,japanese arti/ has design$ a flight ( cranes on 8 scre5 or 8 pap]1 x is impossible to get ano!r exactly ! same2 to reproduce a sket* exactly be+1 g5]ally1 z e arti/ c tell1 m labori\s ?an to make a new "o1 :]e ! bra9 assi/s ! f+]s 9 _! "w4 ,!re is ano!r result ( our pres5t %all[ g5]al education :i* has a mo/ depress+ effect ^u art4 ,e "o n[ c read & write1 & x w\ld be consid]$ an infr+em5t ( ! "r ( private judgm5t to d\bt ! ability ( e writ] or read] to criticize any "w ( art :atsoev]4 ,9 ! case ( buy+ a kit*5 range or a c>riage we %\ld n tru/ to our own k1 b %\ld apply to ! exp]i5c$ exp]t2 b e "o c tell :e!r he likes a picture or n6 ,n[1 good criticism 9 art dem&s at lea/ z long & sev]e an appr5tice%ip z t 9 ironmong]y--! tra9+ ( ! eye by long exp]i5ce1 read+1 hi/orical1 sci5tific1 me*anical--real /udy ( all ! v>i\s subjects connect$ ) x2 & ?is c be acquir$ only by few4 ,x has be5 said1 ) p]fect tru?1 t x w n d to dep5d on ! fiat ( arti/s !mselves = ! value ( a picture1 /atue1 or build+4 ,) "s1 ! admiration ( ! te*nical "p ( art is too great2 ! passionate likes & dislikes = p>ticul> /yles or p>ticul> m5 w>p ! judgm5ts ( o!rs2 & ?is is1 p]haps1 inh]5t 9 ! arti/ nature4 ,b ?is is only say+ t we mu/ n g to ! ironf\nd] = ! "* ( 8 kit*5 range2 !re are o!r skill$ op9ions to be _h besides ^? ( ! au?ors ( a "w4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! art ( criticism has got s f> beyond our p[]s ( creation t x becomes m & m difficult to br+ =? a great "w ( art4 ,! hat*+ ( eggs requires a c]ta9 g5ial w>m? to br+ !m to p]fection2 creation is a vital act1 b ! reception :i* any new-fl$g$ production is likely to meet ) is ei!r ! scor*+ fire ( fault-f9d+ or ! freez+ cold ( indiff]5ce4 ,x 0 n ?us t great works ( old 7 produc$2 ,cimabue's picture ( ! ,virg9 0 c>ri$ 9 a triumphal procession ?r\gh ,flor5ce1 f ! arti/'s /udio to ! *ur* :i* 0 to be hon\r$ by its possession4 ,x 0 a wor?y religi\s (f]+ to ! goddess ,m>y1 a subject ( rejoic+ to ! :ole city1 & ! qu>t] ( ! t[n :]e x 0 fir/ se51 amid cries ( delight1 0 call$ ! ,borgo ,allegri1 a "n :i* x has kept six hundr$ ye>s4 ,& ! sympa?y ( ! p react$ on ! arti/1 & help$ him to c>ry out 8 great conceptions4 ,!y 7 pr\d ( him1 & he work$ at 8 picture z a lab\r ( love to d 8 nation hon\r4 ,n[1 :5 a man has sp5t p]haps ye>s ov] a religi\s picture1 work+ ) all 8 he>t & s\l & /r5g?1 in/ead ( its be+ tak5 into a *ur*1 & se5 only ) ! associations = :i* x is adapt$1 x is hung up betwe5 a smirk+ lady1 clad 9 ! la/ abom9ations ( ! fa%ion1 on "o side1 & a horse & dog1 ! prop]ty ( ,blank1 ,esq41 on ! o!r2 :ile ! arti/ is =tunate if ! be/ ( ! critics1 :o has j glanc$ at x z he passes by1 does n entirely ignore 8 mean+ & mi/ake ! expression ( 8 idea1 only discov]+ t ! draw+ ( ! toe ( ! left foot is decid$ly awkw>d4 ,s x may be1 & !re are probably faults 9 x /ill m consid]able2 yet ! picture1 ) all ^! faults1 may be "o ( great m]it4 ,is x possible to conceive ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o pa9t$ "u su* conditions8 ,! cold *ill ( ! indiff]5t public w\ld h react$ on ! arti/1 & qu5*$ ! fire ( 8 inspiration4 ,! picture 0 int5d$ to be ! inc>nation ( ! religi\s feel+ ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 9 ! div9e expression ( ! infant ,*ri/ gaz+ into futurity1 ) ^? rapt1 f>-see+ eyes1--9 ! holy "m1 :o c>ries him s rev]5tly1 yet ) su* p[] & purity 9 h] look & be>+4 ,x 0 hon\r$ sympa!tically by all :o _h ! joy ( see+ x borne z a bann] ?r\gh a great city z an act ( ! highe/ wor%ip2 n cut up into little morsels & set on a =k by e man :o c write sm>t articles = a p5ny pap]1 be/[+ a little sup]cili\s praise & mu* :olesome advice on ,holman ,hunt & ,t5nyson1 on ,/ev5s#b & ,/reet alike4 ,b ! result is t ! _w is poor] by ! want ( ! "w :i* only a s5se ( sympa?y betwe5 ! arti/ & 8 public inspires4 ,action & reaction are equal1 we are told1 9 sci5ce1 & ! arti/ _c produce ! be/ t is 9 him alone1 any m ?an ! mo/ f9i%$ musician c play on a dumb piano4 ,! receiv]s mu/ d _! %>e 9 ! p>tn]%ip4 ,mrs4 ,siddons once said t %e lo/ all h] p[] :5 annihilat$ by ! coldness ( ! cream ( ! cream society ( a salon1 & pref]r$ any m>ks ( emotion ( an unsophi/icat$ if intellig5t audi5ce1 to ! *ill ( fa%ionable indiff]5ce2 & :5 we compla9 ( ! poorness ( our art1 we mu/ rememb] = h[ l>ge a %>e ( ?is we1 ! pres5t public1 are responsible4 ,x may be all v well = ! skyl>k to p\r 8 /ra9s ( unprem$itat$ art = 8 own pleasure & t ( ! little skyl>ks2 b ,%elley mu/ h _h ! hope t ! _w w li/5 !n1 z ,i am li/5+ n[4 ,! poet & ! pa9t] require intellig5t cordial belief & sympa?y1 :i* is j :at we h n to give1 & !re=e ! reign ( ! highe/ art is probably at an end3 no ,phidias or ,mi*elangelo1 no ,hom] or ,%akspe>e1 are likely aga9 to arise4 ,?is is pre-em95tly a sci5tific age--a "t = ! collection & co-ord9ation ( facts2 & :at imag9ation we possess we use 9 ! discov]y ( ! laws by :i* ,nature works1 & 9 ! application ( our k to ! ord9>y wants & com=ts & pleasures ( ! human race4 ,electric telegraphs1 phonographs1 photographs ab\nd2 e possible adaptation ( /eam 9 maje/ic eng9es 7almo/1 x seems1 z intellig5t z man71 to promote our means ( communication & locomotion ov] ! surface ( ! e>?1 & ( production 9 e conceivable =m2 great %ips & eng9es ( de/ruction 9 w>1 & 7curi\s anti!sis7 +5i\s contrivances = ! sav+ ( pa9 9 disease--ev]y?+1 9 %ort1 connect$ ) ! compreh5sion & subjugation ( ! mat]ial _w1 is m & m c>ri$ to p]fection4 ,yet 9 spite ( ^! m>vell\s a*ievem5ts1 unless we c manage to secure a supply ( good art1 !re c be no d\bt t !re w h pass$ away a glory f ! e>? :i* we c ill af=d to lose4 ,!re is no use 9 prea*+ :at is call$ ! common s5se ( ! matt]1 & tell+ ,keats 7?\gh he may h di$ ( consumption1 & n ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review7 t ! critique on 8 poems 0 flippant & un9tellig5t2 or "o arti/ t ! acc\nt ( 8 picture 0 writt5 by a man :o did n und]/& pa9t+1 & ! next by a writ] :o _h no notion ( ! requisites ( true poetry4 ,! arti/ is by necessity ( 8 nature a ?9-sk9n$1 impressionable be+1 ) s5sitive n]ves & p]ceptions1 )\t :i* ! p[] ( creation does n exi/4 ,he writes & pa9ts & acts & sculpts--9 %ort1 composes1 inv5ts1 creates--to make ! _w feel z he is feel+4 ,fame is a vulg> ^w = ! s5tim5t :i* inspires him2 ! long+ aft] sympa?y is a mu* tru] expression ( :at ! true arti/ desires4 ,t ( 8 own family & fri5ds is n suffici5t2 he wants ! _w at l>ge to he> & und]/& & jo9 9 :at he has to say1 :e!r x be 9 m>ble or on canvas1 9 music or 9 words4 ,to gr[ su* a creature to p]fection is v r>e 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 & :5 our aloe does fl[]1 we %\ld make ! mo/ ( x1 & fe$ x ) food conv5i5t4 ,our blame depresses him1 ev5 /upid1#c un9tellig5t blame1 m ?an our praise elevates him2 he is absurdly s5sitive1 says ! h>d-head$ man ( ! _w2 b t is ! v condition ( ! problem ) :i* we h to deal2 if he 7 n s1 we %\ld n h great works ( art f him4 ,he is an ideali/ by nature4 ,if we decl>e t x is v absurd ( our v9es to require s mu* c>e & k9dness1 & t a little r\gh+ & neglect w d !m a great deal ( good1 we %all n get _m grapes2 &1 aft] all1 :at we want is grapes--results1 great arti/ic works4 ,x is almo/ pa!tic to see ! nation do+ ! be/ x kn[s1 (f]+ its patronage & its public build+s1 its monum5ts ( great m5 & its money1 & !n to m>k ! results4 ,x is =tunate t mo/ ( ! frescoes are scal+ (f ! walls ( ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,x is =tunate t ,nelson & ! ,duke ( ,york are hoi/$ up s high t !y _c be scrut9iz$ at all2 x is =tunate t mo/ ( ! public /atues are g5]ally s begrim$ ) dirt & soot t few c make out _! int5tion4 ,b x is we :o are responsible = half at lea/ ( _! failures4#d ,we h1 z a nation1 nei!r ! arti/ic feel+ :i* delights 9 ! beautiful ) a sort ( wor%ip1 nor ! s5su\s religi\s in/9cts :i* require an outw>d & visible sign ( our inw>d fai?4 ,!re=e our be/ *ance ( great "w seems to be :5 ! common-s5se necessity is s l>ge 9 its dem&s1 t c>ry+ x out ev5 on m]ely utilit>ian pr9ciples may give a gr& result by ! =ce ( circum/ances1 almo/ )\t our w1--! v fulfilm5t ( ! work+ conditions on an enorm\s scale =c+ a c]ta9 gr&eur on ! "w4 ,z1 = in/ance1 :5 a viaduct is c>ri$ ov] a deep valley & riv]1 ^u a l(ty s]ies ( ar*es1 z 9 _m ,wel% railways & at ,newca/le1 !re are elem5ts ( /r5g?1 durability1 might1 & !re=e maje/y1 :i* ! b>e/ execution ( ! requirem5ts _c take away4 ,! ,susp5sion ,bridge hung high 9 ! air above ! %ips 9 ! ,m5ai ,/raits1 & t ov] ! n>r[ holl[ ( ! ,avon1 h a beauty ( lightness & grace all _! own--,wat]loo ,bridge1 :i* ,canova decl>$ to be wor? com+ to ,engl& to see--are all specim5s ( a k9d ( "w :i* we may hope to see multipli$1 & ev5 improv$ ^u1 z ! adaptation ( art to ! common necessities ( our civilization becomes m common1 & is tak5 9 h& by a high] & m educat$ class ( m54 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c well be m depress+ ?an ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 respect to ?is "q ( art & education4 ,"h is a c\ntry 79 _! own magniloqu5t hyp]bole7 b\nd$ on ! nor? by ! ,aurora ,borealis1 & on ! we/ by ! sett+ sun1 c41 c41 ^: pr\d boa/ x is t e man1 woman1 & *ild 7born on its soil7 c read1 write1 & some?+ m1--:i* has j celebrat$ its c5t5>y ( indep5d5t exi/5ce1 & is 9 ! v spr+-"t ( its national life :5 ! sap is ris+1--a season :i* among o!r nations is t ( _! greate/ arti/ic vig\r1 yet :i* has nev] produc$ a poet1 pa9t]1 sculptor1#e or ar*itect above m$iocrity4 ,/rangely z x w\ld seem at fir/ sight1 x is orig9ality :i* is *iefly want+ 9 _! art2 x is all an e*o ( ,european models2 !y h no indep5d5t action ( ?\ght or int]pretation ( ,nature4 ,"h1 aga91 x is probably ! want ( culture ( ! public :i* is to blame4 ,evid5ce is difficult to obta9 on su* a va/ subject z ! use made ( ! read+ & writ+ s freely imp>t$ at ! s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b !re is v good te/imony %[+ t1 ) ! exception ( great c5tres ( civilization1 l ,bo/on1 ! nation1 z a nation1 reads little b newspap]s & /ory-books2 & ^! cle>ly w\ld produce a soil utt]ly unfit = ! gr[? ( real art4 ,la/ly1 let u n =get ,mr4 ,mill's w>n+ h[ mu* ! nation1 z well z ! individual1 mu/ suff] by ! /ifl+ ( orig9al ?\ght 9 ! rigid con=mity to sy/em :i* our pres5t me*anism ( ,gov]nm5t regulations1 ( c5traliz$ h>d-&-fa/ rules1 is br++ ab\t 9 education4 ,! ,/ate has a "r to exact a c]ta9 am\nt ( tra9+ 9 ! individuals :o compose x1 b has no "r :atev] to int]f]e z to h[ t result is obta9$4 ,e enc\ragem5t %\ld be held out to orig9al action ( all k9ds1 t5d+ to develop ! faculties--arti/ic1 sci5tific1 z well z practical--:i* rema9 to be utiliz$ among ! millions :o are n[ com+ "u an influ5ce hi!rto pa9fully n>r[1 rigid1 & %all[ 9 its op]ations1 9 spite ( its magnific5t promises & high-s\nd+ notes ( self-satisfaction4 ,f4 ,p4 ,,v]ney4 ,footnote #a3 ,n[1 alas6 "u s5t5ce ( re/oration2 ! age ( creation 9 ,italy appe>s to be ov]1 & t ( de/ruction to h begun4 ,footnote #b3 ,! monum5t to ! ,duke ( ,well+ton has nev] receiv$ its due me$ ( praise4 ,) all 8 faults1 poor ,/ev5s 0 a man ( true g5ius4 ,footnote #c3 ,quoique les applaudissem5s que j'ai reu m'ai5t beauc\p flatt1 la mo9dre critique1 quelque mauvaise qu'elle et t1 m'a t\j\rs caus plus de *agr9 que t\tes les l\anges ne m'ai5t fait de plaisir1 writes ,rac9e to 8 son4 ,he 0 sil5t = twelve ye>s aft] ! insuccs de ,phdre4 ,quoique le ',m]cure ,gallant' tait au dess\s de ri51 les blessures qu'il fait n'en sont pas mo9s cruelles la s5sibilit d'un pote1 adds ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes4 ,footnote #d3 ,! gr\p ( ,asia1 by ,foley1 9 ,pr9ce ,alb]t's ,memorial1 is "o ( ! few exceptions to ! indiff]5t "* ( out-door /atues 9 ,london4 ,footnote #e3 ,mr4 ,/ory may p]haps be consid]$ an exception2 b ev5 ! ,cleopatra1 & ,sibyl 7 produc$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,rome4 ,,life ,,9 ,,con/ant9ople ,,fifty ,,ye>s ,,ago4 ,x has (t5 be5 said t ! ,turk nev] *anges1 t he is n[ j :at he 0 :5 he fir/ appe>$ 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,!re is v little tru? 9 ?is obs]vation1 = 9 fact he is l o!r m51 & 8 "* has be5 modifi$ by ! circum/ances 9 :i* he has be5 plac$1 z well z by con/ant int]m>riage ) o!r races4 ,he has *ang$ 9 "s respects = ! bett]1 & 9 o!rs = ! worse4 ,!re is probably no important city 9 ! _w1 unless x be ,cairo1 :i* has be5 s radically *ang$ dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s z ! capital ( ! ,turki% ,empire4 ,! dress1 ! cu/oms1 ! p1 ! ,gov]nm5t1 h all be5 trans=m$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,european civilization2 & ^! *anges h ex]t$ m or less influ5ce 9 all p>ts ( ! ,empire4 ,9 ?is impati5t age1 :5 m5 w h>dly give a mom5t to ! consid]ation ( any?+ b ! future1 & are always anxi\sly wait+ = to-morr['s telegrams1 x is easy to =get t we _c und]/& ei!r ! pres5t or ! future )\t con/ant ref]5ce to ! pa/4 ,no "o c fairly judge ! ,turks or ! ,*ri/ians ( ?is ,empire1 or =m any idea ( _! probable de/9y1 :o is n acqua9t$ ) _! condition fifty ye>s ago1 9 ! "t ( ! la/ ( ! ,ottoman ,sultans2 & a brief sket* ( ,con/ant9ople z x 0 at t "t _c fail to sugge/ "s int]e/+ consid]ations to ^? :o are wat*+ ! c\rse ( ev5ts 9 ! ,ea/4 ,z contempor>y records are ev5 m valuable ?an p]sonal rem9isc5ces1 ,i %all quote freely f ! private j\rnal ( a late ,engli% resid5t1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,levant ,company1 &1 aft] its dissolution1 = _m ye>s ! lead+ ,engli% bank] 9 ,con/ant9ople1 ) a _w-wide reputation = integrity1 & 9 e way a p]fect specim5 ( an ,engli% g5tleman ( ! old s*ool4 ,he came to ,con/ant9ople 9 #ahbc1 & 8 j\rnal 0 cont9u$ till #ahbg4 ,x has nev] be5 publi%$4 ,! reign+ ,sultan 0 ,mahm\d ,,ii41 ! ,re=m]1 :o came to ! ?rone 9 #ahjh1 aft] ! murd] ( ,sultan ,selim & ! execution ( 8 bro!r ,m\/apha1 & aft] n>r[ly escap+ dea? himself4 ,! insurrection 9 ,moldavia & ,walla*ia _h be5 put d[n 9 #ahba1 & ,ali ,pa*a1 ! fam\s ,albanian *ief ( ,jan9a1 _h be5 trea*]\sly put to dea? 9 #ahbb2 b ! w> ( ! ,greek ,revolution 0 /ill 9 progress1 & ! battle ( ,nav>9o 0 n f\ght until #ahbg4 ,w> 0 decl>$ aga9/ ,russia ! same ye>4 ,halet ,pa*a _h be5 /rangl$ 9 #ahbb1 & ,mohamm$ ,selim ,pa*a 0 ,gr& ,vizi]4 ,"l ,/rang=d & ,mr4 ,/rat=d ,cann+ 7,"l ,/rat=d7 repres5t$ ,engl& at ! ,sublime ,porte dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,! relation ( ! ,european ,p[]s to ! ,sultan at ?is "t _c be bett] illu/rat$ ?an by ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! reception ( ,mr4 ,/rat=d ,cann+ 9 ,april1 #ahbf4 ,! c]emony 0 n s humiliat+ z x 0 9 #afba1 :5 ,sir ,?omas ,r[e made su* vigor\s b unavail+ attempts to h x modifi$2 :5 ! ,ambassador 0 =c$ d[n ^u 8 knees1 & compell$ to kiss ! e>? at ! feet ( ! ,sultan2 :5 he 0 (t5 beat5 by ! ,janiss>ies on leav+ ! palace2 or1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,ambassador ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 /ruck 9 ! face by a soldi] 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,gr& ,vizi]2 b al?\gh !re _h be5 "s ameliorations 9 ! c]emony1 its significance 0 exactly ! same 9 #ahbf z 9 #afba1 & ! same religi\s scruples 7 advanc$ z a reason :y !y c\ld n be modifi$ 9 fav\r ( ,gia\rs by ! ,caliph ( ,islam4 ,!y 7 all ! m humiliat+ = ^? :o submitt$ to !m1 f ! fact t !re 0 "o ,p[] 9 ,europe :i* _h nev] recogniz$ !m4 ,ev5 z e>ly z #adii ! ,russian ,ambassador refus$ to submit to any su* degradation4 ,9 #aead a new ,ambassador 0 specially in/ruct$ on no acc\nt to compromise 8 dignity1 or pro/rate himself be=e ! ,sultan2 to deliv] 8 lett]s & pres5ts ) 8 own h&s1 & n to inquire aft] 8 heal? unless he fir/ inquir$ aft] t ( ! ,cz>4 ,! ,turks seem to h _h an in/9ctive fe> ( ,russia ev5 at t e>ly day1 :5 !y 7 /rong & ,russia 0 weak4 ,b c\ld ,sultan ,mahm\d h look$ =w>d tw5ty-five ye>s1 he w\ld no d\bt h treat$ ,"l ,/rat=d ) m respect & consid]ation4 ,9 #ahbf1 h[ev]1 ! haughty pride ( ! ,caliph 0 unbrok51 & he little ?\ght t 8 desc5dants w\ld reign only by ! fav\r ( ,europe4 ,aft] hav+ an audi5ce ( ! ,gr& ,vizi]1 ! #aj? 0 fix$ = ! ,ambassador's audi5ce ( ! ,sultan1 :5 he1 accompani$ by all ! ,engli% resid5ts at ,con/ant9ople1 left ! ,embassy 9 ! morn+ at a qu>t] be=e six1 9 procession1 on horseback4 ,at ,topkhana1 ab\t five m9utes' ride f ! ,embassy1 we emb>k$ 9 boats & cross$ ! h>b\r to ,/amb\l4 ,we f\nd horses wait+ = u1 b /opp$ to take c(fee1 pipes1 %]bet1 & sweetmeats1 ) ! ,t*a\%-ba*i 7a ,m>%al ( ! ,palace71 :o prec$$ u to ! entrance ( ! ,porte1 :]e x is usual = ,ambassadors to wait "u "s l>ge spread+ trees until ! ,gr& ,vizi] passes & prec$es !m to ! s]aglio4 ,hav+ ent]$ ! fir/ gate1 we pass$ ?r\gh a l>ge op5 space1 enclos$ by l[ build+s1 9 :i* ! ,janiss>ies 7 drawn up to ! numb] ( ?ree ?\s&4 ,we /opp$ on ! f>!r side ( ! second gate1 9 a l>ge squ>e *amb] betwe5 ! second & ?ird gates1 )9 :i* is ! cell :]e ,gr& ,vizi]s & o!r ,/ate prison]s "u s5t5ce ( dea? are conf9$ & behead$4 ,aft] wait+ "h a qu>t] ( an h\r1 p]mission 0 s5t = our entrance4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh ! ?ird gate into a l>ge g>d51 9 :i* /ood ! divan *amb]1 & ! front ( ! s]aglio1 bo? v ri*ly pa9t$ & gilt1 ) ro(s project+ f\r or five feet beyond ! walls4 ,z soon z we ent]$ ! g>d51 ! ,janiss>ies all utt]$ a l\d %\t & began runn+ z quick z !y c\ld4 ,?is 0 = _! pilaf1 ! di/ribution ( :i* 0 a complete scramble4 ,?is is a f>ce always play$ (f on ^! occasions to impress =eign]s ) a respect = ?is contemptible soldi]y4 ,we !n walk$ =w>d1 = we _h left our horses outside ! second gate1 to ! divan *amb]1 :]e ! ,gr& ,vizi] 0 sitt+ 9 /ate1 imm$iately opposite ! entrance1 on ! c5tre ( a s(a1 :i* ext5d$ along ! side ( ! *amb]1 cov]$ ) ! ri*e/ silks1 at ! fur!r ends ( :i*1 on ea* side ( him1 sat ! judges ( ,anatolia & ,r\melia4 ,! *amb] 0 small b ri*ly decorat$1 ! ceil+ be+ spl5didly pa9t$ & gilt4 ,we walk$ to "o side ( ! room )\t mak+ any salutation1 z no notice 0 tak5 ( u4 ,aft] a "t1 a numb] ( ,turks ent]$ & rang$ !mselves 9 two r[s be=e ! judges1 :o w5t ?r\gh ! =m ( exam9+ !m & decid+ _! suits4 ,?is 0 int5d$ to impress u ) a high s5se ( _! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,! paym5t ( ! ,janiss>ies is also g5]ally appo9t$ to take place at ! audi5ce ( an ,ambassador1 9 ^: pres5ce are pil$ great bags ( money1 :i* are deliv]$ to ! troops1 9 ord] to impress =eign]s ) an exalt$ idea ( ,turki% opul5ce4 ,?is t$i\s c]emony la/$ m ?an ?ree h\rs1 b x 0 ! la/ paym5t be=e ! de/ruction ( t body4 ,! ,gr& ,vizi] _h 9 ! meantime s5t a lett] to ! ,sultan1 /at+ 9 ! usual =m t a ,gia\r ,ambassador _h come to pro/rate himself at ! feet ( 8 sacr$ ,maje/y4 ,! royal answ] came at l5g?1 enclos$ 9 an envelope4 ,:5 ?is 0 tak5 (f !re appe>$ a quantity ( musl91 9 :i* ! lett] 0 wrapp$4 ,! ,gr& ,vizi]1 tak+ ! lett]1 kiss$ x & appli$ x to 8 =ehead be=e he read x4 ,! t5or ( ?is lett] 0 a comm& to fe$1 wa%1 & clo! ! ,gia\rs1 & br+ !m to him4 ,aft] ! ,gr& ,vizi] _h read ?is1 two tables 7 laid 7i4e41 two l>ge t9 plates 7 laid ^u rev]s$ /ools71 "o = ! ,vizi] & ! ,ambassador1 ! o!r = ! re/ ( u4 ,wa%+ mat]ials 7 provid$1 & a collation s]v$4 ,all ?is "t ! ,sultan 0 look+ at u ?r\gh a lattic$ w9d[4 ,aft] ?is we w5t into ! g>d51 & pelisses 7 di/ribut$4 ,i 0 lucky en\gh to receive "o4 ,! ,ambassador1 ) ^? :o _h pelisses1 am\nt+ to tw5ty 9 all1 !n foll[$ ! ,gr& ,vizi] & ent]$ ! palace4 ,at ! door ea* ( u 0 seiz$ by two ,cap\dji-ba*is1 :o held u by ! arms & half-c>ri$ u ?r\gh an out] hall1 9 :i* 0 drawn up a l9e1 ?ree deep1 ( :ite eunu*s4 ,:5 we ent]$ ! ?rone-room1 we advanc$ b[+4 ,! ,sultan 0 sitt+ on a ?rone sup]bly decorat$4 ,8 turban 0 surm\nt$ by a spl5did diamond aigrette & fea!r4 ,8 pelisse 0 ( ! f9e/ silk1 l9$ ) ! mo/ co/ly sable fur1 & 8 girdle 0 "o mass ( diamonds4 ,! ,ambassador recit$ 8 spee* 9 ,engli%1 :i* ! int]pret] translat$1 & ! ,gr& ,vizi] repli$ to x4 ,?is c]emony la/$ t5 m9utes1 & we retir$4 ,?is same ,mr4 ,/rat=d ,cann+1 :o wait$ "u a tree = ! ,gr& ,vizi] to pass1 :o _h to sit ?ree h\rs unnotic$ :ile ! ,janiss>ies 7 paid1 :o 0 a ,gia\r unfit to ent] ! sacr$ pres5ce ( ! ,sultan until he _h be5 f$ by 8 b\nty1 wa%$1 & clo!d1 is /ill alive1 & he rema9$ 9 ,con/ant9ople long en\gh to become ! ,great ,el*i :o practically gov]n$ ! ,empire & kept ! ,sultan "u 8 tutelage4 ,x 0 an unhappy day = ,turkey :5 he 0 remov$ to please ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,only two mon?s aft] ?is audi5ce ! ,sultan accompli%$ 8 long-*]i%$ plan ( de/roy+ ! ,janiss>ies1 z 8 ,vic]oy 9 ,egypt _h fifte5 ye>s be=e de/roy$ ! ,mamelukes4 ,x is n easy at ?is day to realize h[ l>ge a place ?is body fill$ 9 ! life ( ! p ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( !m z soldi]s1 z !y 7 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,ottoman ,turks1 ! sad tribute ( ,*ri/ian *ildr5 exact$ by ! ,mohamm$an conqu]or to ext5d ! influ5ce ( ,islam4 ,b ?is t]rible blood-tax ceas$ 9 #afge1 & ! ,janiss>ies became a ca/e or a guild1 entrance into :i* 0 eag]ly s\ght by ! weal?ie/ ,mohamm$an families1 & ! majority ( !m seldom did any milit>y s]vice4 ,9 ! "t ( ,mahm\d ,,ii4 !y 7 at once a s\rce ( t]ror to ! ,sultan & to ! p ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y 7 above all law1 & ! lives & prop]ty ( ! ,*ri/ians especially 7 at _! m]cy4 ,^? :o /ill rememb] ^? days c h>dly speak ( ! ,janiss>ies )\t a %udd]4 ,!y liv$ 9 con/ant fe> ( !m2 night & day1 at any h\r1 !y might ent] ! h\se1 /rip x ( its furniture1 & torture ! family until e place ( concealm5t 0 reveal$ & e valuable giv5 up4 ,!y 7 univ]sally fe>$ & hat$1 & x 0 ?is fact :i* made x possible = ! ,sultan to de/roy !m4 ,he proce$$ ) caution1 = he c\ld n hope to de/roy !m by ! cruel & trea*]\s means adopt$ by ! ,pa*a ( ,egypt4 ,he obta9$ a ,fetva f ! ,%eik-ul-,islam approv+ ( ! draft+ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( ,janiss>ies into a new milit>y =ce :i* 0 organiz$ on ! pr9ciple ( ,european armies4 ,^! m5 rebell$ aga9/ ! /rict discipl9e1 & "s ( !m 7 quietly /rangl$4 ,f9ally1 on ! #ad? ( ,june1 #ahbf1 ! :ole body revolt$1 murd]$ _! (fic]s1 plund]$ ! palace ( ! ,gr& ,vizi]1 & prep>$ to attack ! ,sultan next day if he did n yield to _! dem&s4 ,!y display$ a _s ( det]m9ation :i* !y nev] manife/$ b 9 extreme cases4 ,all _! s\p-kettles 7 solemnly br\ght to ! ,atmeidan 7,hippodrome7 & inv]t$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! area4 ,soon #bj1jjj m5 7 assembl$ ar\nd !m4 ,! crisis _h n[ arriv$ :i* ! ,sultan bo? fe>$ & wi%$ =1 & he imm$iately avail$ himself ( all ^? res\rces :i* he _h previ\sly prep>$ = su* an ev5t4 ,he fir/ ord]$ ! small milit>y =ce :i* he _h organiz$ to hold itself 9 read9ess to act at a mom5t's notice4 ,he !n summon$ a c\ncil1 expla9$ to !m ! mut9\s _s & insubord9ation ( ! ,janiss>ies1 & decl>$ 8 int5tion ( ei!r rul+ )\t _! control1 or pass+ ov] into ,asia1 & leav+ ,con/ant9ople & ,european ,turkey to _! m]cy4 ,he propos$ to !m to raise ! sacr$ /&>d ( ,mahomet1 & summon all good ,mussulmans to rally ar\nd x4 ,?is proposal met ) unanim\s applause4 ,! sacr$ relic _h n be5 se5 9 ,con/ant9ople = fifty ye>s be=e4 ,x 0 n[ tak5 f ! ,imp]ial ,treasury to ! ,mosque ( ,sultan ,a*met4 ,! ,ulema & ! ,s(tas walk$ be=e1 & ! ,sultan ) all 8 ,c\rt foll[$ x4 ,public cri]s spread ! solemn news all ov] ! city4 ,no soon] 0 x ann\nc$ ?an ?\s&s ru%$ f _! homes & jo9$ ! procession ) fi]ce/ en?usiasm4 ,:5 !y ent]$ ! mosque1 ! ,mufti plant$ ! /&>d on ! pulpit1 & ! ,sultan1 z ,caliph1 pron\nc$ an ana!ma aga9/ all :o %\ld refuse to range !mselves "u x4 ,j at ?is "t ! artill]y arriv$ "u ! walls ( ! s]aglio4 ,! m>9es & g>d5]s jo9$ x4 ,f\r (fic]s ( rank 7 !n s5t to (f] a p>don to ! ,janiss>ies if !y w\ld desi/ f _! dem&s & disp]se4 ,! exp]i5ce ( c5turies _h taught !m t !y _h only to p]si/ 9 _! dem&s to h !m conc$$4 ,9 ?is conviction1 !y at once murd]$ ! f\r (fic]s :o _h propos$ submission to !m4 ,?is 0 done 9 sight ( ! mosque4 ,!y !n p]emptorily dem&$ t ! ,sultan %\ld = ev] r5\nce 8 plan ( innovation1 & t ! heads ( ! pr9cipal (fic]s ( ,gov]nm5t %\ld be s5t to !m4 ,! ,sultan !n dem&$ & receiv$ f ! ,%eik-ul-,islam a ,fetva au?oriz+ him to put d[n ! rebellion4 ,x 0 n[ twelve o'clock1 & a l>ge =ce ( ! new troops _h be5 collect$ :o c\ld be reli$ ^u4 ,ord]s 7 giv5 to attack ! ,janiss>ies4 ,! ,agha ,pa*a surr\nd$ ! ,atmeidan1 :]e !y 7 tumultu\sly assembl$ ) no appreh5sion ( su* a measure1 & ! fir/ intimation t _m ( !m _h ( _! situation 0 a murd]\s dis*>ge ( grape-%ot f ! cannon ( ! ,topdjis4 ,?is cont9u$ "s "t1 & va/ numb]s 7 kill$ on ! spot4 ,! survivors retir$ to _! b>racks on "o side ( ! squ>e4 ,"h !y b>ricad$ !mselves1 & to dislodge !m ! build+ 0 set on fire4 ,! flames 7 soon se5 f ,p]a1 bur/+ out 9 diff]5t places4 ,! dis*>ge ( artill]y cont9u$ )\t int]mission2 z x 0 det]m9$ to ext]m9ate !m utt]ly1 no qu>t] 0 giv51 & ! conflagration & fire ( ! cannon cont9u$ until night4 ,! ,janiss>ies1 not)/&+ ! surprise & _! comp>atively unprep>$ /ate1 def5d$ !mselves ) desp]ate fi]c5ess & intrepidity4 ,! troops suff]$ sev]ely1 & ! ,agha ,pa*a 0 w\nd$4 ,opposition ceas$ only :5 no "o 0 left alive to make x4 ,! fir+ ceas$1 ! flames di$ out1 & ! next morn+ pres5t$ a frightful sc5e ( burn+ ru9s slak$ 9 blood1 a huge mass ( mangl$ fle% & smok+ a%es4 ,dur+ ! next two days ! gates cont9u$ clos$1 ) ! exception ( "o to admit fai?ful ,mussulmans f ! c\ntry to pay _! devotion to ! sacr$ /&>d4 ,! ,janiss>ies :o _h escap$ ! slaught] ( ! ,atmeidan 7 ?us %ut 91 & unremitt+ly hunt$ d[n & de/roy$1 s t ! /reets & b>racks 7 full ( dead bodies4 ,dur+ ^! two days no ,*ri/ian 0 all[$1 "u any pret5ce1 to pass ov] to ,/amb\l2 b1 ?\gh ! two places are sep>at$ only by a n>r[ *annel1 ! mo/ p]fect tranquillity reign$ 9 ,p]a4 ,! p w\ld h kn[n no?+ ( ! trem5d\s convulsion on ! o!r side if x _h n be5 = ! blaze ( ! fire & ! report ( cannon4 ,on ! f\r? day ,i w5t1 f curiosity1 "u ! *>ge ( a high ,turk1 to see h[ matt]s 7 go+ on1 & 0 pleas$ at ! appe>ance ( ! spl5did encampm5t ( ! ,gr& ,vizi]1 :i* 0 f\nd at ! ,porte1 & 0 at ! same "t ! *ief tribunal = ! condemnation ( ! ,janiss>ies1 :o 7 con/antly be+ br\ght 91 &1 aft] und]go+ a nom9al trial ( a few seconds1 7 tak5 to ! front ( ! gate & behead$2 b ! numb]s s tak5 (f1 ?\gh am\nt+ 9 ?is "o place f #cjj to #ejj daily1 7 b few 9 comp>ison ) ^? :o 7 /rangl$ privately at night on ! ,bosphorus4 ,! ,agha ,pa*a _h 8 camp at ! old palace1 & 0 employ$ !re 9 ! same "w4 ,c>ts & o!r ma*9es 7 con/antly employ$ 9 convey+ ! bodies to ! sea4 ,^! executions cont9u$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,! :ole numb] de/roy$ at ?is "t 0 #be1jjj3 #dj1jjj m 7 bani%$ to ! int]ior ( ,asia1 _m ( :om nev] rea*$ _! de/9ation4 ,?is acc\nt diff]s mat]ially f t giv5 by ,creasy1 on ! au?ority ( ,ranke2 b ! au?or 0 a resid5t 9 ,con/ant9ople at ! "t1 & 9 a position to "k ! facts z well z any ,*ri/ian 9 ! city4 ,!re are also inh]5t improbabilities 9 ,creasy's acc\nt4 ,! ,sultan no d\bt avoid$1 9 appe>ance1 ! trea*]y ( ! ,pa*a ( ,egypt1 b 9 sub/ance ! de/ruction ( ! ,janiss>ies 0 accompli%$ 9 mu* ! same way z ! massacre ( ! ,mamelukes4 ,b :atev] may be ?\ght ( ! wisdom or ! morality ( ?is :olesale slaught]1 x 0 z great a relief to ! ,*ri/ian population z x 0 to ! ,sultan himself1 & x *ang$ ! :ole _s ( life 9 ,con/ant9ople4 ,! de/ruction ( ! ,janiss>ies 0 foll[$ by a viol5t p]secution ( ! sect ( ,bekta*i d]vi%es1 ^: f\nd]1 ,hadji ,bekta*1 _h consecrat$ ! fir/ recruits4 ,?is 0 a p[]ful ord]1 & possess$ ( imm5se weal? & influ5ce2 b its memb]s 7 kill$ or exil$1 & its tks demoli%$4 ,x is n easy1 h[ev]1 to de/roy a religi\s sect1 ) a secret organization2 & ! ,bekta*is are almo/ z num]\s & p[]ful to-day z !y 7 fifty ye>s ago1 especially 9 ,albania4 ,!y are n true ,mussulmans1 b are g5]ally lib]al1 enlight5$1 & incl9$ to cultivate fri5dly relations ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,!y are frequ5tly attack$ by ! ,turki% newspap]s z h]etics1 b !y occupy _m important positions 9 ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! fam\s ,mahm\d ,n$dim ,pa*a belongs to ?is sect4 ,sultan ,mahm\d probably attack$ ^! d]vi%es1 n s mu* because he fe>$ !m1 z to prove himself a devot$ ,mohamm$an1 & to conciliate ! fanatics :o 7 indignant at ! slaught] ( s _m true believ]s4 ,he soon aft]w>ds issu$ a ,hatt proclaim+ 8 devotion to ,islam1 & ord]+ ! au?orities to inflict ! sev]e/ puni%m5t ^u any ,mussulman :o %\ld neglect 8 religi\s duties4 ,! discussion on ! ,greek "q :i* has be5 go+ on s9ce ! w> adds new int]e/ to ^? sc5es ( ! ,greek ,revolution :i* fifty ye>s ago ar\s$ ! sympa?y ( ! _w = a long-=gott5 nation1 & result$ 9 ! creation ( ! little k+dom ( ,greece :i* n[ seeks an ext5sion ( h] t]ritory4 ,! condition ( ! ,greeks 9 ,con/ant9ople dur+ ! w> 0 melan*oly en\gh4 ,x 0 all 9 va9 t ! ,patri>* proclaim$ _! entire & absolute devotion to ! ,sultan1 j z ! ,fan>iote ,greeks are do+ to-day4 ,x 0 9 va9 t he solemnly excommunicat$ & ana!matiz$ all :o took "p 9 ! revolution4 ,he 0 hung at ! door ( 8 *ur*1 & 8 body giv5 to ! ,jews to be dragg$ ab\t ! /reets ( ! city4 ,all ! prom95t ,greeks "h 7 put to dea?1 & all ,mohamm$ans1 ev5 *ildr51 7 ord]$ to arm !mselves & de/roy ! ,greeks :5ev] !y c\ld be f\nd4 ,all :o c\ld escape f ! capital did s1 & _m 7 convey$ 9 =eign %ips to ,russia4 ,_m ( ^? :o rema9$ 7 protect$ & conceal$ 9 ,european h\ses4 ,! prop]ty & ! lives ( ! o!rs 7 entirely at ! m]cy ( ! ,gov]nm5t & ! populace1 & ! di/ress+ sc5es :i* 9 consequ5ce daily occurr$ 9 ! /reets are n easily describ$4 ,not)/&+ ?is disagreeable /ate ( ?+s1 ! ,europeans enjoy$ p]fect security4 ,! escapes f dea? :i* "s ( ! ri* ,greeks _h dur+ ?is p]iod 7 v extraord9>y1 & none m s ?an t ( ,signor ,/ephano ,ralli1 a ri* m]*ant ( ,scio1 :o1 ) n9e o!rs1 0 s5t at ! comm5cem5t ( ! revolution to ,con/ant9ople1 z a ho/age = ! peaceable conduct ( ! inhabitants ( t isl&1 :5 ! ,samiotes1 soon aft] l&+ & but*]+ ! few ,turks on ! isl&1 s exasp]at$ ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t t !y imm$iately behead$ all ! ho/ages except ,signor ,ralli1 :o f\nd suffici5t int]e/ ) "o ( ! ,m9i/]s to escape4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 imm$iately made a ho/age = ! tranquillity ( ,smyrna1 & 0 aga91 by 8 acqua9tance ) & l>ge bribes to ! execution]1 ! only "o :o escap$ dea?4 ,:5 ! di/urbances comm5c$ at ! capital1 9 ord] to /rike t]ror into ! m9ds ( ! ,greeks1 tw5ty-f\r ( ! ri*e/ m]*ants 7 de/9$ to be seiz$ & execut$1 & ! pres5ce ( ,signor ,ralli 0 dem&$ ) ! re/ at ! ,porte4 ,b1 suspect+ ! consequ5ce ( su* att5dance1 he cunn+ly in=m$ ! gu>d :o f\nd him t 8 ma/] 0 at ! next h\se1 & t he w\ld imm$iately s5d him 94 ,signor ,ralli1 !n leav+ ! room1 s5t 9 8 own s]vant1 :o 0 at once seiz$1 convey$ to ! ,porte1 & )\t fur!r "q execut$ 9 place ( 8 ma/]4 ,signor ,ralli 0 !n conceal$ 9 ! h\se ( an ,engli%man4 ,he 0 f\nd & arre/$ aga9 9 #ahbg1 & aga9 escap$ ) ! loss ( half 8 prop]ty2 b ?is _h su* an effect ^u 8 con/itution t he di$ soon aft]4 ,! ,bulg>ian massacres :i* excit$ ! indignation ( ! _w a few ye>s ago 7 insignificant 9 comp>ison ) ! t]rible slaught] ( ! ,greeks :i* w5t on = ye>s 9 all p>ts ( ! ,empire4 ,_! effect ^u public op9ion 9 ,europe 0 great] & m imm$iate1 *iefly because ,turkey 0 no long] a really indep5d5t ,p[]1 b 0 committ+ ^! atrocities "u ! protection ( ,europe1 & especially ( ,engl&4 ,fifty ye>s ago ! ,sultan 0 responsible = 8 acts only to 8 own p2 b ev5 !n ,*ri/ian ,europe 0 f9ally r\s$ to put an end to ^! b>b>ities1 & ! battle ( ,nav>9o1 ,octob] #bj?1 #ahbg1 0 ! result4 ,9 ju/ice to ,sultan ,mahm\d1 h[ev]1 x %\ld be said t "s ( 8 mo/ f]oci\s acts 7 n committ$ )\t great provocation on ! "p ( ! ,greeks1 :o manife/$ equal f]ocity :5 ! opportunity (f]$4 ,! news ( ! battle ( ,nav>9o r\s$ ! ,sultan to proclaim a holy w>4 ,! design ( ! ,gia\rs1 he said 9 8 proclamation1 is to de/roy ,islamism1 & tread "u foot ! ,mussulman nation4 ,let all ! fai?ful1 ri* & poor1 great & small1 "k t w> is a duty = all4 ,let no "o dream ( receiv+ any pay4 ,f> f ?is1 we ought to sacrifice our p]sons & our prop]ty1 & fulfil ) zeal ! duty :i* is impos$ ^u u by ! hon\r ( ,islam4 ,we mu/ unite our ef=ts1 give ourselves1 body & s\l1 to def5d our fai?1 ev5 to ! day ( judgm5t4 ,mussulmans h no o!r means ( obta9+ safety 9 ?is _w or ! next4 ,?is holy w> result$ 9 no?+ bett] ?an ! indep5d5ce ( ,greece & ! treaty ( ,adrianople4 ,x 0 j at ?is p]iod t ,"l ,beaconsfield sp5t a w9t] at ,con/ant9ople2 b1 z f> z is kn[n1 8 visit _h no political object or influ5ce4 ,! ,greeks 7 n ! only ,*ri/ians :o suff]$ at ?is "t4 ,! ,ca?olic ,arm5ians 7 p]secut$ ) almo/ equal f]ocity1 al?\gh _! only (f5ce 0 t a numb] ( !m _h left ,turkey & settl$ 9 ,russia "u ,russian protection4 ,irritat$ by ?is demon/ration ( atta*m5t to ! ,cz>1 ! ,sultan expell$ ! :ole sect f ,con/ant9ople1 to ! numb] ( #bg1jjj4 ,!y 7 all[$ only t5 days = prep>ation1 & 7 !n driv5 (f en masse into ,asia ,m9or4 ,!y 7 mo/ly weal?y families1 liv+ 9 luxury1 & _! suff]+s 7 s great t b few liv$ to rea* ! place ( exile4 ,!y p]i%$ at sea1 di$ ( hung] on ! roads1 & froze to dea? 9 ! sn[ on ! m\nta9s4 ,x 0 n a pleasant ?+ 9 ^? days to be a ,*ri/ian subject ( ! ,sultan1 ev5 :5 t ,sultan 0 ,mahm\d1 ! great ,re=m]4 ,next to ! ,janiss>ies1 ! ?+ be/ rememb]$ by ! p ( ,con/ant9ople is ! plague4 ,x seems to h be5 regul>ly domicil$ "h1 & p made provision = x 9 all _! dome/ic arrangem5ts4 ,x 0 only at c]ta9 times1 :5 x rag$ ) t]rible sev]ity1 t x excit$ g5]al al>m4 ,x ( c\rse occupies a l>ge place 9 ! private j\rnal f :i* ,i h already quot$2 & all ,europe has s rec5tly be5 fright5$ out ( its good s5se by a rum\r ( its exi/5ce 9 ,russia1 t x is well to see h[ coolly a man c write ab\t x :o liv$ 9 ! mid/ ( x1 & :o is dev\tly ?ankful t x is ! plague1 & n ! *ol]a or ! yell[ fev]1 to :i* he is expos$4 ,! plague is a disease communicat+ itself *iefly1 if n solely1 by contact4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh x encircle ! h\se1 x w n affect ! p]sons )9 if all are uni=mly discreet & provid5t4 ,iron1 x is obs]v$1 & l sub/ances ( a close1 h>d nature1 d n reta9 & are n susceptible ( ! contagion4 ,9 bodies s(t or por\s1 & especially 9 pap]1 x lurks (t5 undiscov]$ b by its seiz+ "s victim4 ,! pres]vatives are fumigations1 & wa%+ ) wat] & v9eg>4 ,meat & vegetables are wa%$ 9 wat]1 & all pap] is fumigat$4 ,! disease is usually obs]v$ to break out aft] times ( fam9e1 & x is a well-kn[n fact t ^? are mo/ subject to x :o live badly & ^: blood is 9 a l[ & impov]i%$ /ate1 = :i* reason x may be consid]$ r a disease ( ! poor ?an ! ri*4 ,! ,turks are ! greate/ victims1 on acc\nt ( _! religi\s t5ets & _! ab/95ce f w9e1 al?\gh x is v r>e to he> ( a ri* ,turk :o dies ( x1 = _m ( ^! dr9k w9e & _s secretly1 & live ^u sub/antial & nutriti\s food4 ,! ,greeks are m cauti\s ?an ! ,turks1 b die 9 great numb]s1 :i* may be attribut$ to _! num]\s fa/s1 :i* !y obs]ve = at lea/ half ( ! ye>1 & dur+ ^! !y live on bad & un:olesome food4 ,! fir/ symptoms are debility1 sickness at ! /oma*1 %iv]+1 foll[$ by great heat1 viol5t pa9s 9 ! head1 gidd9ess1 & delirium4 ,9 a m advanc$ /age1 ! disease %[s itself 9 d>k-col\r$ spots1 & sometimes 9 tum\rs on ! gl&ul> p>ts1 :i* (t5 suppurate & break1 & !n ! pati5t escapes4 ,a few days br+s ?is dreadful malady to a crisis aft] ! spots h appe>$4 ,!re is a contradiction 9 ?is disord]1 difficult to acc\nt =2 s easy to cat* t a bit ( wood or cotton c reta9 x = ye>s1 & convey x ) all its horrible symptoms4 ,on ! contr>y1 "s are pro( aga9/ ! mo/ viol5t contagion4 ,! wife ( ,mr4 ,w4 0 a lady born 9 ! c\ntry1 & not)/&+ %e took m ?an usual precaution1 %e caught ! infection1 )\t be+ able to assign any cause4 ,mo/ ( h] family & s]vants imm$iately left ! h\se1 b h] husb& & h] fa!r att5d$ h] until %e di$1 hav+ _h h] infant at ! brea/ to ! la/ mom5t4 ,no "o ( !m caught ! disease4 ,my pr$ecessor1 ,mr4 ,b41 hav+ be5 =ty-"o ye>s at ,con/ant9ople1 _h n ! lea/ fe> ( ! plague4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 z he 0 return+ f ,cyprus1 8 fell[-pass5g] fell ill & 0 put a%ore at ! ,d>danelles4 ,mr4 ,b4 occupi$ 8 fri5d's b$1 z x 0 bett] ?an 8 own1 & wore 8 fri5d's nightcap4 ,! next morn+ he w5t a%ore to see him1 & f\nd t he _h di$ dur+ ! night ( ! plague4 ,ano!r "t1 two ( 8 s]vants di$ ( ! disease 9 8 h\se2 b 9 nei!r case did he exp]i5ce any inconv5i5ce4 ,! ,europeans1 & m p>ticul>ly ! ,engli%1 take ! usual precautions at ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! disease1 b h little appreh5sion f x1 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry 9 ! summ]1 & 9 a v diff]5t mann] f ! natives1 bo? z to food & cleanl9ess4 ,x is a great satisfaction to "k t n "o ,engli% g5tleman has di$ ( ! plague dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,h[ inf]ior x is 9 its ravages to ! *ol]a & ! yell[ fev]1 :i* are n kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry6 ,unhappily1 ! *ol]a has become v well kn[n "h s9ce1 & has prov$ q z fatal z ! plague4 ,9 #ahfe ! city 0 decimat$ by x1 "s #ge1jjj dy+ 9 two mon?s1 a loss ( life almo/ z great z 9 ! great plague seasons ( #ahab & #ahcg4 ,^! great epidemics ( plague 71 h[ev]1 9 "s respects m t]rible ?an ! *ol]a1 = !y cont9u$ _m mon?s4 ,life became a burd54 ,! weal?ie/ (t5 suff]$ = want ( food & clo?+1 z !y rema9$ %ut up 9 _! h\ses = fe> ( contagion4 ,^? :o 7 =c$ to g out1 dress$ 9 long oil-clo? cloaks1 & c>efully avoid$ t\*+ any?+4 ,e "o ent]+ a h\se 0 fumigat$ ) sulphur1 9 a sort ( s5try-box kept = ! purpose at ! door4 ,all ties ( family & society 7 brok54 ,b ev5 9 ^! great epidemics v few ,europeans di$1 :ile 9 ! *ol]a epidemics !re has be5 no exemption4 ,x is n[ =ty ye>s s9ce ! la/ appe>ance ( plague at ,con/ant9ople1 &1 :atev] !ori/s may say1 no "o "h :o rememb]s ! old times has any d\bt t its disappe>ance 0 due to ! /rict en=cem5t ( qu>ant9e regulations1 :i* be=e t "t ! ,turks w\ld n accept4 ,!re 0 ano!r s\rce ( con/ant anxiety = ! p ( ,con/ant9ople fifty ye>s ago1 9 reg>d to :i* !re has un=tunately be5 b little *ange4 ,! city 0 (t5 visit$ by t]rible conflagrations4 ,9 ^? days !y 7 g5]ally attribut$ to ! ,janiss>ies1 :o always improv$ su* opportunities to enri* !mselves by :olesale plund]4 ,to ?is day x is (t5 suspect$ t ! ,gov]nm5t itself is responsible = ^! fires1 especially z !y frequ5tly occur 9 qu>t]s :]e x is propos$ to wid5 ! /reets4 ,sometimes1 on ! o!r h&1 !y are suppos$ to h a political significance1 z a manife/ation ( popul> discont5t2 b probably1 !n z n[1 !y g5]ally result$ f c>elessness1 & :5 once !y _h comm5c$ !re 7 no adequate means = ext+ui%+ !m4 ,only two mon?s aft] ! de/ruction ( ! ,janiss>ies1 at ! mom5t :5 ! sacr$ /&>d ( ! ,prophet 0 be+ tak5 back f ! mosque1 a fire broke out 9 ,/amb\l :i* rag$ = ?irty-six h\rs1 de/roy+ ! baza>s & ab\t an eigh? "p ( ! city1 includ+ ! ri*e/ ,turki% qu>t]s4 ,! p univ]sally attribut$ ?is to ! fri5ds ( ! ,janiss>ies1 & ! discont5t ) ! ,sultan 0 g5]al2 b he act$ ) ! greate/ vig\r4 ,he op5$ 8 palaces = ! reception ( ^? :o _h no %elt]1 di/ribut$ food & clo?+1 & und]took to rebuild ! baza>s4 ,at ! same "t1 he s5t 8 spies into e public place1 & e "o :o 0 he>d compla9+ ( ! ,gov]nm5t 0 at once arre/$ & decapitat$4 ,ev5 ! wom5 7 n sp>$1 b _m 7 /rangl$ & ?r[n into ! ,bosphorus1 )\t any =m ( trial4 ,^! vigor\s measures soon put an end to all compla9ts1 b unhappily did n prev5t ! burn+ ( ,p]a 9 #ahca1 :5 #aj1jjj h\ses 7 de/roy$1 a calamity :i* ! ,mussulmans attribut$ to ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ ! ,europeans = ! de/ruction ( ! ,turki% fleet at ,nav>9o1 b :i* ! ,*ri/ians naturally attribut$ to ! wra? ( ! ,mohamm$ans !mselves4 ,x is probable t bo? ^! fires 7 accid5tal1 z 7 ^? :i* burn$ ov] almo/ ! same gr\nd 9 #ahfe & #ahgj2 b ! al>m & suff]+ ( ! p 7 z real & z great z !y w\ld h be5 if ^! fires _h result$ f ! cause to :i* !y 7 attribut$4 ,x is a v curi\s fact t1 9 bo? cases1 j five ye>s int]v5$ betwe5 ! de/ruction ( ,/amb\l & ( ,p]a4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ! "t ( :i* we write 0 ! insecurity ( prop]ty4 ,!re 7 no regul> taxes at t "t 9 ,con/ant9ople1 = all ! resid5ts ( ! ,imp]ial city 7 consid]$ to be ! gue/s ( ! ,sultan4 ,x is only )9 t5 ye>s t ?is pleasant fiction has be5 altoge!r ab&on$4 ,b 9 ,con/ant9ople1 z well z 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,empire1 ! p 7 liable to be call$ ^u to contribute volunt>ily to meet ! wants ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is sy/em ( volunt>y contributions has n yet be5 altoge!r ab&on$1 b 0 en=c$ dur+ ! late w> all ?r\gh ! ,empire1 9 addition to ! regul> taxes4 ,ev5 =eign]s 7 made v uncom=table if !y refus$ to contribute4 ,! f9ancial sy/em ( ,mahm\d ,,ii4 0 l t ( 8 ance/ors4 ,!re 0 no national debt1 !re 7 no budgets1 & yet !re 0 no lack ( money ev5 = su* long & exp5sive w>s z 7 c>ri$ on all ?r\gh ! reign ( ?is ,sultan4 ,) :at envy ,abd-ul-,hamid mu/ look back ^u ^? happy days6 ,! sy/em 0 a simple "o4 ,:atev] money ! ,sultan ne$$ he took f ! p4 ,ord]s 7 s5t to ! gov]nor ( su* a t[n to s5d s mu* to ,con/ant9ople1 or to su* a ,pa*a4 ,he summon$ ! pr9cipal m51 in=m$ !m t ! ,sultan ne$$ s mu* money z a free gift f ea* ( !m4 ,! unhappy contributors ent]$ into private negotiations ) him1 & brib$ him to r$uce _! quota & increase t ( "s "o else4 ,he took ! bribes & rapidly accumulat$ weal?1 b he did n fail to secure & =w>d ! money dem&$ by ! ,sultan4 ,:at is m1 ! ,sultan look$ ^u ! gov]nor himself z no?+ bett] ?an a sponge4 ,z soon z x 0 kn[n t he _h absorb$ a l>ge am\nt ( weal?1 he 0 squeez$ = ! b5efit ( ! ,imp]ial ,treasury4 ,he 0 disgrac$1 & 8 prop]ty confiscat$4 ,x 0 v seldom t a ,pa*a bequea!d mu* ( 8 ill-gott5 weal? to 8 *ildr54 ,un=tunately1 ?is cu/om has be5 ab&on$ ( late ye>s1 & ! ,treasury no long] d]ives any b5efit f ! plund] ( ! p4 ,b ?is sy/em ( confiscation 0 n conf9$ to ! ,pa*as :o _h robb$ ! p4 ,! weal?y m5 ( ,con/ant9ople1 especially ! ,*ri/ians1 7 nev] safe4 ,_! prop]ty might be seiz$ any day1 & !y might consid] !mselves happy if by giv+ x up )\t res]ve !y escap$ ! b[-/r+4 ,!y fe>$ ! ,sultan z mu* z !y fe>$ ! ,janiss>ies4 ,! ,arm5ians suff]$ less ?an any o!r nationality f ^! extortions1 because !y act$ z ! bank]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t & ( individual ,pa*as :o f\nd x = _! int]e/ to protect !m4 ,!y und]/ood ! ,turki% "*1 & _h acquir$ inf9ite skill 9 manag+ !m2 b ev5 !y liv$ 9 con/ant fe>4 ,:5 a man he>d a knock at 8 door 9 ! night1 he at once took x = grant$ t 8 la/ h\r _h come1 bade f>ewell to 8 family1 &1 if possible1 escap$ f 8 h\se ) :at jewels he c\ld c>ry4 ,i h he>d _m v amus+ /ories ( ?is k9d result+ f ev5+ visits ( belat$ fri5ds z well z _m v sad ones1 :]e ! end 0 ! b[-/r+ = ! fa!r & a life ( pov]ty = ! family4 ,! *ange 9 ! f9ancial sy/em ( ! ,empire1 :i* l$ to regul> taxation & =eign loans1 de/roy$ ! influ5ce ( ! ,arm5ians1 & ?rew ! ,turks into ! h&s ( ! ,greeks & ,europeans4 ,x is h>dly probable t !y c ev] recov] _! =m] importance "u ,turki% rule4 ,ano!r means adopt$ by ! ,gov]nm5t to raise money 0 ! old exp$i5t ( debas+ ! co9age1 :i* 0 p]haps q z hone/ z ! mod]n plan ( issu+ pap]-money & !n repudiat+ x4 ,! ,turki% pia/re is said to h be5 orig9ally ! same z ! ,spani%1 wor? f\r %ill+s & sixp5ce4 ,9 ! "t ( ,mahm\d ,,ii4 x 0 wor? f\rp5ce1 & ! silv] pia/re is n[ wor? twop5ce1 :ile ! copp] pia/re is wor? only a f>?+ & a half4 ,! comp>ative co/ ( liv+ 9 ,con/ant9ople 9 #ahbg & #ahgi may be se5 f ! foll[+ ,table1 ! prices be+ r$uc$ to ,engli% money3-- #ahbg4 #ahgi4 ,mutton1 ! oke 7#b-c_/aj lbs47 #d;d4 #as4 #f;d4 ,bread #d;d4 #d;d4 ,fi% #d;d4 #as4 #d;d4 ,grapes #a_/b;d4 #d;d4 ,figs #a_/b;d4 #d;d4 ,geese1 ea* #f;d4 #es4 #j;d4 ,turkeys #f;d4 #es4 #j;d4 ,w9e1 ! oke #b;d4 #f;d4 ,game 0 also v abundant & v *eap 9 #ahbg4 ,?is ,table t5ds to prove t1 s f> z ,con/ant9ople is conc]n$1 ! old sy/em ( volunt>y contributions & confiscations 0 mu* m fav\rable to production ?an ! pres5t ill-conceiv$ sy/em ( taxation4 ,my impression is t ! same 0 true 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,empire4 ,prices 7 unusually high 9 #ahbg1 on acc\nt ( ! w> & ! g5]al confusion 9 ! ,empire1 & ! increase 9 fifty ye>s c only be expla9$ by ! de/ructive sy/em ( taxation adopt$ by ! ,gov]nm5t1 :i* falls almo/ exclusively ^u ! agriculturi/4 ,! price ( bread is ! same1 b ,con/ant9ople n[ dep5ds ^u ,russia = its :eat1 & ! price dep5ds ^u ! h>ve/s 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,ev]y?+ produc$ "h has increas$ 9 price enorm\sly1 & ! result is t bread is n[ almo/ ! sole food ( ! poor4 ,fifty ye>s ago = "o oke ( bread a man might h "o oke ( meat1 or eight okes ( fruit or two okes ( w9e4 ,n[ he c obta9 only ab\t "o-fif? ( an oke ( meat1 or "o oke ( fruit1 or two-?irds ( an oke ( w9e1 & ?is 9 spite ( ! improv$ communications by /eam] & railway ) o!r p>ts ( ! ,empire4 ,!n ! ,bosphorus 0 l9$ ) v9ey>ds1 & x 0 pr(itable to cultivate !m1 to ex*ange eight okes ( grapes or two okes ( w9e = "o ( bread4 ,n[ x is unpr(itable to raise grapes at eight times ! =m] price1 & ! v9ey>ds h almo/ all disappe>$4 ,!y h be5 de/roy$ by unwise & vexati\s taxation4 ,! condition ( ! ri*1 especially ( ! ri* ,turki% ,pa*as1 has greatly improv$2 b x may well be d\bt$ :e!r ! poor1 ^? :o _h no?+ to fe> f ! jeal\sy ( ! ,turks or ! confiscations ( ! ,sultan1 c live z well n[ z !y c\ld fifty ye>s ago4 ,! poor ,mussulmans h c]ta9ly ga9$ no?+1 & ! ,turki% population ( ,con/ant9ople 0 probably nev] 9 s wret*$ a condition z x is n[4 ,) ! ,*ri/ian poor x is diff]5t4 ,9 _m respects _! condition has greatly improv$4 ,!n !y _h no rights :i* a ,turk 0 b\nd to respect4 ,!y 7 sometimes %ot d[n 9 _! v9ey>ds1 l dogs1 by pass+ ,mussulmans :o wi%$ to try _! guns4 ,_! *ildr5 7 kidnapp$ ) impunity4 ,!y 7 =c$ to we> a peculi> dress1 :i* m>k$ !m ev]y:]e z an inf]ior race4 ,!y 7 insult$ & abus$ 9 ! /reets1 & trembl$ at ! sight ( a ,turk4 ,!y f9d x h>d] n[ to get food1 b !y c eat x 9 peace4 ,! poor ,turks h ga9$ no su* advantages4 ,!y are no fre] ?an !y 7 !n1 & h n ! satisfaction :i* !y !n _h ( dom9e]+ ov] a subject race4 ,! ,*ri/ians are /ill treat$ z inf]iors & suff] "u _m disabilities1 b 9 ,con/ant9ople _! lives1 _! families1 & _! prop]ty are comp>atively secure1 & !y are seldom maltreat$ because !y are ,*ri/ians4 ,!y no long] fe> to look a ,turk 9 ! face4 ,! *ange = !m is c]ta9ly a happy "o1 & x is n /range t ! ,turks :o rememb] ! old times feel t ! p[] ( ,islam is wan+1 & t re=m has gone q f> en\gh4 ,x is ?is old ,turki% _s :i* inspires ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t to *oose ! mo/ inopportune mom5t to proclaim to ! _w its det]m9ation to repress all free ?\ght among ,mohamm$ans4 ,a ,turki% ,khodja has j be5 condemn$ to dea? = assi/+ an ,engli% mission>y to translate ! ,engli% ,pray] ,book & "s ,tracts into ,turki%4 ,?is is n done secretly4 ,! ,turki% pap]s h discuss$ ! case1 & "o ( ! mo/ lib]al ( !m speaks ( 8 (f5ce z foll[s3--,! abject au?or ( ?is act ( pr(anation has be5 drawn into 8 s9 by ,satan & by 8 own evil he>t1 & has ?us d>$ to commit a sacrilege1 by :i* he is condemn$ to ! curse ( ,god & to et]nal torture4 ,we dem& t ! mis]able creature may receive an ov]:elm+ puni%m5t1 s t he may1 by 8 example1 det] o!rs f sell+ _! religion = a few p5ce4 ,?is is an act ( intol]ance & b>b>ity wor?y ( ! bloody days ( ,mahm\d ,,ii41 & is f> less excusable ?an x w\ld h be5 !n4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r x w be approv$ by ^? ,p[]s :o ma9ta9 ! ,turki% ,empire4 ,9 "o respect ,con/ant9ople has und\bt$ly suff]$ by ! *anges ( ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,x is no long] ! picturesque ,ori5tal city t x 0 !n4 ,its natural beauties rema91 b 9 ev]y?+ else x has become less int]e/+ z x has become m ,european4 ,! /eam]s1 ^: smoke cl\ds ! cle> air ( ! ,bosphorus & black5s ! :ite palaces1 are no d\bt v conv5i5t2 b !y are a sad contra/ to ! t5s ( ?\s&s ( gay caiques :i* us$ to give life to ! transp>5t wat]s ( ! /rait4 ,ugly nor?-c\ntry colli]s are no d\bt pr(itable to _! own]s1 b !re is v little int]e/ 9 wat*+ _! passage 9 comp>ison ) ! wond]ful displays :i* 7 =m]ly se5 :51 aft] a long nor? w9d1 a s\!rly gale w\ld take hundr$s ( vessels1 "u full sail1 ?r\gh ! ,bosphorus 9 a s+le day4 ,i h c\nt$ ov] ?ree hundr$ 9 sight at once4 ,! squ>e walls & n>r[ eaves ( mod]n ,turki% h\ses may be m ,european1 b !y d n comp>e fav\rably ) ! light ,moori% ar*itecture & gild$ arabesques ( ! old5 "t4 ,g]man ready-made clo?+ may be v *eap1 & ! ,european /yle ( dress may be adapt$ to active pursuits2 b x is n likely to r\se ! en?usiasm ( a lov] ( ! picturesque :o rememb]s ! gorge\s co/umes ( fifty ye>s ago1 :5 ! /reets ( ,con/ant9ople 7 cr[d$ ) gay & fanta/ic dresses1 z 9 a p]petual c>nival1 & ea* rank1 pr(ession1 & cre$ _h its own peculi> co/ume4 ,ev5 ! ,sultan is n[ no long] wor? look+ at1 ) 8 little r$ fez 9 place ( ! magnific5t turban ) plume & diamonds1 & 8 tight black coat 9 place ( 8 fl[+ sable robe1 8 att5dants cov]$ ) tawdry brass 9 place ( ! gorge\s robes ( ! old5 "t4 ,! pa*as are pa*as no long] 9 appe>ance3 y may see !m runn+ = /eam]s1 or sitt+ on cr[d$ b5*es on ! deck read+ _! daily pap]s4 ,:at a contra/ to ! /ately pa*a ( sev5 tails1 :o liv$ fifty ye>s ago1 ^: v title 0 picturesque1 :o c\ld n read at all1 & if he _h ev] he>d ( a newspap] look$ ^u x z a device ( ,satan2 b :o nev] ran = any?+1 & :o nev] wore a r$ cap or a black coat4 ,a graceful caique1 ) _m o>sm51 await$ 8 conv5i5ce2 ri*ly cap>ison$ ,arab horses /ood at 8 door2 :5 he appe>$--) sl[ & dignifi$ /ep--) turban1 robes ( silk1 & ,ca%m]e or diamond girdle--8 slaves kiss+ ! gr\nd at 8 feet1 8 pipe-be>]s & gu>ds beh9d him--he 0 an ornam5t to ! city1 & p]haps q z great an ornam5t to ! ,/ate z 8 successor1 )\t any tails to 8 title1 :o reads newspap]s & we>s black clo!s1 b :o has no fe> ( be+ b[-/rung & ?r[n into ! ,bosphorus if he betrays ! int]e/s ( ! ,/ate = a consid]ation1 or plund]s ! p = 8 own pr(it4 ,ev5 ! baza>s are no long] ,ori5tal1 al?\gh ! build+s rema94 ,!y are little m ?an /oreh\ses = ! ,man*e/] goods :i* h de/roy$ native manufactures4 ,! only relics ( ! old5 "t are ! ,turki% wom52 b ev5 !y h become less picturesque4 ,!y are n s attractive1 :5 cr[d$ l %eep into ! /]n ( a ,bosphorus /eam]1 z !y 7 :5 !y rode 9 l(ty arabas drawn by :ite ox52 & _! dress is gradually *ang+ 9 spite ( ! frequ5t decrees ( ! ,%eik-ul-,islam1 :o decl>$ two ye>s ago 9 "o ( ^! t ! disa/]s ( ! w> 7 due1 among o!r ?+s specifi$1 to ! fact t ! wom5 wore ,fr5* boots 9 place ( heelless yell[ slipp]s4 ,con/ant9ople has lo/ all ! peculi> *>m ( an ,ori5tal city )\t hav+ z yet atta9$ ! regul>ity1 cleanl9ess1 & elegance ( a ,european capital2 j z ! ,gov]nm5t has ceas$ to be an ,ori5tal despotism1 c>eless ( human life & individual rights1 )\t hav+ z yet le>n$ ! pr9ciples ( ,european civilization2 j z ! individual ,turk has ceas$ to be a fanatical ,mussulman1 ) ! peculi> virtues :i* once belong$ to 8 religion1 )\t hav+ z yet acquir$ any?+ b ! vices ( ,european society4 ,if we seek ! cause ( ^! *anges :i* fifty ye>s h wr\ght 9 life 9 ,con/ant9ople1 !y may be summ$ up z ! result ( ! con/antly increas+ influ5ce ( ! ,european ,p[]s at ,con/ant9ople & ! correspond+ decay ( ! ,ottoman ,empire4 ,sultan ,mahm\d ,,ii4 0 "o ( ! greate/ z well z "o ( ! mo/ un=tunate ( ! sov]eigns ( ,turkey2 b he 0 a ,sultan ( ! old s*ool1 ^: _m attempts at re=m _h no o!r object ?an to revive ! p[] ( ,islam & re/ore 8 ,empire to its =m] rank4 ,he did n wi% to ,europeanize 8 p1 z ,pet] ! ,great did1 b simply to adopt su* improvem5ts1 especially 9 ! organization ( 8 army1 z w\ld enable him ! bett] to ma9ta9 himself aga9/ 8 ,european enemies4 ,b1 unhappily1 he _h to cont5d aga9/ ,moslem z well z ,*ri/ian foes1 & to save himself f ! =m] he _h to call 9 ! aid ( ! latt]4 ,8 dyna/y 0 sav$ by ! int]v5tion ( ,europe2 b :5 ,sultan ,abd-ul-,m$jid asc5d$ ! ?rone at ! dea? ( 8 fa!r x 0 by ! fav\r & "u ! protection ( ,europe1 & f t day ,turkey ceas$ to be ! old ,empire ( ! ,ottoman ,turks4 ,mahm\d 0 ! la/ ( ! ,sultans4 ,no?+ rema9$ to 8 successors b ! %ad[ ( a great "n4 ,europe is und\bt$ly responsible = ! evils :i* h befall5 ! ,empire s9ce t day4 ,%e has nei!r all[$ ! ,turks to rule 9 _! own way1 ) fire & sword1 z _! ance/ors did1 nor =c$ !m to emancipate ! ,*ri/ians & e/abli% a civil gov]nm5t 9 place ( _! religi\s despotism4 ,%e has s\ght to ma9ta9 ! ,empire1 b to ma9ta9 x z a weak & decay+ ,empire4 ,au/ria & ,russia1 & at times o!r ,p[]s1 h s\ght to ha/5 ! process ( dis9tegration1 & ! limits ( ! ,empire h be5 gradually n>r[$ until !y n[ approa* ! capital itself4 ,! ,turks are abus$ = _! /upidity1 z if x 7 all _! fault2 & no d\bt !y h done & are do+ _m unwise ?+s2 b aft] all !y are n to be too h>%ly condemn$4 ,!y h probably done :at seem$ to !m wise & politic1 & !y h (t5 outwitt$ ! ke5e/ /atesm52 b !y h be5 doom$ by ,europe to /ruggle aga9/ ! inevitable4 ,turkey c nev] aga9 be :at %e 0 fifty ye>s ago1 & z a ,mohamm$an despotism1 rul$ by ,turks alone1 %e c nev] become a great or ev5 a civiliz$ ,p[] & comm& ! respect ( ,europe4 ,%e mu/ soon disappe>4 ,b ) ! full emancipation ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ! abolition ( ! pres5t sy/em ( religi\s gov]nm5t1 & ! support ( ,we/]n ,europe1 %e might settle ! ,ea/]n ,"q = h]self1 w9 ! loyal support ( h] own subjects & ! respect ( ! _w4 ,,an ,,ea/]n ,,/atesman4 ,,miracles1 ,,pray]1 ,,& ,,law4 ,9 ! foll[+ rem>ks ,i assume ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ,all-kn[+ & ,all-p[]ful2 & ( a _s 9 m5 :i* is n matt]4 ,i d n say t ei!r is demon/rat$ or c be demon/rat$1 /ill less d ,i presume to def9e ei!r1 b ,i address only ^? :o already ass5t to bo?4 ,_m1 h[ev]1 ( ^? :o give su* ass5t are tr\bl$ ab\t ! ways ( ,god & ! nature ( man's relation to ,him4 ,on ! "o h& is ! ,bible1 :i* decl>es t all ?+s on e>? z well z 9 heav5 are regulat$ by ,div9e w at e mom5t1 :i* records frequ5t miracles1 & :i* bids m5 ask f ,him :atsoev] !y w\ld1 9 absolute confid5ce t !y %all h _! desires4 ,on ! o!r h& /&s ! ,book ( ,nature1 z ,div9e z t ( ,revelation1 be+ 9 fact ano!r revelation ( ,god1 :i* tells ( an un*ang+ sequ5ce ( ev5ts1 ( laws incapable ( modification by isolat$ acts ( w1 laws :i*1 inde$1 if subject to su* modification1 w\ld fall into disord]4 ,:i* ( ^! revelations %all !y believe8 ,or c !y be reconcil$ s t bo? are cr$ible8 ,! t5d5cy ( rec5t belief 9 ^? :o h /udi$ ! ,book ( ,nature1 & p]haps mo/ decid$ly 9 ^? :o h only turn$ "s ( its pages1 is t ! two revelations are irreconcilable4 ,! immutability ( ,nature's laws is to !m a gospel taught by e /one1 by e plant1 by e animat$ be+4 ,all t !y h le>nt to "k ( matt] re/s on ! assurance t its prop]ties are absolutely fix$4 ,! progress ( sci5ce1 ( art1 ( civilization1 ( ! human race1 dep5ds on ! fact t :at has be5 f\nd to be true w be always true1 t !re is an ord]$ sequ5ce ( ev5ts :i* may be tru/$ to be inv>iable1 to :i* we mu/ con=m our lives if we w\ld be happy1 & :i*1 if we cross x 9 ignorance or defiance1 w rev5ge ! outrage by inevitable p5alties4 ,^? laws1 :i* "s call ( matt]1 may by o!rs be call$ laws ( ,god1 & ! mo/ dev\t m9ds f9d 9 _! fixity only a confirmation ( _! fai? 9 ,8 un*ang+ promises4 ,b if ?us fix$1 x seems to _m :o are dev\t z well z to _m :o are sceptical1 t x becomes impossible to believe t _! ,au?or %\ld ev] set !m aside by :at are call$ miracles2 /ill less t ,he %\ld bid m5 pray = ev5ts :i* are1 9 fact1 n regulat$ by wi% or w1 b by :at has gone be=e up to ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,to meet ?is dilemma !re seem to su* m9ds only two c\rses1 ei!r to believe t ,scripture is n ! ^w ( a ,god at all1 or to give to its language an int]pretation :i* is n ! natural s5se ( ! words1 & :i* 0 c]ta9ly n meant or und]/ood by ^? :o fir/ wrote or fir/ he>d x4 ,yet x is n possible to ab&on ! conviction t ! words & ! acts ( ,god _c really be at v>iance4 ,be=e surr5d]+ ,8 words conta9$ 9 ! ,scripture1 z ei!r spuri\s or misund]/ood1 no ef=t c be too (t5 reit]at$ to %[ !m to be compatible ) :at we h le>n$ ( ,8 works4 ,i propose to make "o m su* ef=t1 bas$ on ! close/ exam9ation ( :at bo? really tell1 or imply4 ,let u fir/ und]/& accurately :at x is we are to deal )1 bo? z facts & z express$ 9 language4 ,! inquiry is to be limit$ 7) exceptions :i* w be not$ z !y occur7 to ! laws ( matt]4 ,x w be assum$ t matt] exi/s z our ord9>y p]ceptions in=m u1 b if x %all h]eaft] be prov$ to be only a =m ( motion1 or ( =ce1 ! argum5ts w /ill be applicable4 ,by laws1 we %all und]/& :at 9 a diff]5t expression we call ! prop]ties ( matt]4 ,! advantage ( ?us expla9+ law is t x excludes "s o!r s5ses ( a vague & mislead+ "*1 :ile x includes ! s5se 9 :i* alone law c prop]ly be appli$ to physical nature4 ,?us1 ! law ( gravity is ! same ?+ z ! prop]ty ( matt] :i* we call weight1 & if !re be any matt] or e!r :i* is impond]able1 !n ! law ( gravity does n apply to x4 ,s ! law ( attraction1 9 its diff]5t =ms1 expresses ! prop]ty ( cohesion1 & ( capill>y asc5t1 & s on2 ! law ( *emical aff9ities expresses ! prop]ty ( ! comb9ation ( "o species ( matt] ) ano!r 9 def9ite proportions2 ! laws ( s\nd1 light1 or electricity express ! prop]ties ( vibrations1 ei!r ( air or ( subtl] =ms ( matt]1 z !y affect our s5ses4 ,9 ?us limit+ ! mean+ ( law1 x is !re=e obvi\s t we embrace all :i* ! mat]iali/ c desire to include :5 he insi/s t law is p]man5t & un*angeable4 ,?is1 9 fact1 is ! fir/ proposition :i* we mu/ all accept4 ,no human be+ c add to or subtract a s+le prop]ty ( any species ( matt]4 ,to d s 71 inde$1 to create4 ,= matt] is an aggregate ( prop]ties2 ea* species ( matt] is diff]5tiat$ only by its prop]ties1 & c\ld we alt] "o ( ^! we %\ld really turn x into diff]5t matt]4 ,x is true !re are :at are call$ allotropic =ms1 su* z oxyg5 & ozone1 ! yell[ & r$ phosphorus1 ! =ms ( sulphur z modifi$ by heat1 & a consid]able numb] ( organic comp\nds1 & we c by c]ta9 arrangem5ts turn ! "o into ! o!r4 ,b :5 we ask :at allotropism is1 we f9d t x is itself "o ( ! prop]ties 7h[ev] obscure to u7 ( ! matt] we deal )4 ,oxyg5 w\ld n be oxyg51 b some?+ else1 if x _h n ! inh]5t prop]ty ( becom+ ozone "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,giv5 ^! conditions1 & !re is no?+ we c d :i* w prev5t ! *ange occurr+4 ,if1 z *emi/s believe1 allotropism dep5ds on ! diff]5t arrangem5t ( ! ultimate atoms ( matt]1 !n ! capacity ( assum+ two arrangem5ts 9 its atoms is cle>ly "o ( ! ultimate prop]ties ( t species ( matt]4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 t if a miracle 7 really a susp5sion ( a physical law1 or a *ange1 tempor>y or p]man5t1 ( any prop]ty ( matt]1 x w\ld really be an act ( creation--! creation ( some?+ hav+ diff]5t prop]ties f any matt] t be=e exi/$4 ,if iron 7 to float on wat] by susp5sion ( ! law ( gravity1 x w\ld be 9 fact ! creation ( some?+ hav+ 7at lea/ = ! "t requir$7 ! physical & *emical prop]ties ( iron1 b ) a specific gravity less ?an wat]--& !re=e some?+ n iron4 ,b1 )\t creation1 man has enorm\s p[] ov] ,nature4 ,he c1 & daily does1 ov]p[] h] laws1 or seem+ly make !m "w z he pleases4 ,despite ! law ( gravity1 he asc5ds to ! sky 9 a balloon2 he makes wat] spr+ up 9 f\nta9s2 he makes vessels1 weigh+ ?\s&s ( tons1 float on ! seas4 ,despite cohesion1 he gr9ds rocks to p[d]2 despite *emical aff9ity1 he transmutes into myriads ( diff]5t =ms ! few elem5ts ( :i* all matt] consi/s2 despite ! resi/less p[] ( ! ?und]bolt1 he tames electricity to be 8 s]vant or 8 h>mless toy4 ,) wat] & fire he m\lds into %ape mighty masses ( metal2 he %oots1 at a su/a9$ spe$ beyond t ( birds1 across valleys & ?r\gh m\nta9 ranges2 he unites seas :i* cont95ts _h sep>at$2 !re is no?+ 9 ! :ole e>? :i* he has n subdu$1 or does n hope to subdue1 to 8 use4 ,!re is h>dly a physical miracle :i* he does n feel he c1 or may yet1 p]=m4 ,b all ?is wond]ful1 ?is b\ndless1 p[] ov] mat]ial laws is ga9$ by ^! laws4 ,he alt]s no prop]ty ( matt]1 b he uses "o prop]ty or ano!r z he ne$s1 & he uses "o prop]ty to ov]p[] ano!r4 ,x is by kn[+ t gravity is m p[]ful 9 ! case ( air ?an 9 ! case ( hydrog5 gas1 t he makes air su/a9 him z he floats1 b5ea? a bag ( hydrog51 above ! e>?2 x is by kn[+ t x is m p[]ful 9 wat] ?an 9 air t he sails 9 iron %ips2 x is by kn[+ *emical aff9ity or repulsion t he makes ! comp\nds or extracts ! simple elem5ts he desires2 x is by kn[+ t aff9ity is =ce1 & t =ce is transmutable into electricity1 t he makes a mess5g] ( ! ob$i5t lightn+ %ock2 x is by kn[+ t heat1 itself unkn[n1 causes gases to exp&1 t he makes ma*9es ( s5seless iron d ! "w ( intellig5t giants4 ,he subdues ,nature by und]/&+ ,nature4 ,he creates no prop]ty2 he !re=e p]=ms no miracle1 ?\gh he does m>vels4 ,by :at means1 !n1 does man br+ "o prop]ty1 or law1 into play in/ead (1 or aga9/1 ano!r8 ,by "o means only1 t ( *ang+ ! position ( matt]4 ,?is is ,bacon's aphorism 7,nov4 ,org4 ,book i4 #d73 ,man contributes no?+ to op]ations except ! apply+ or )draw+ ( natural bodies3 ,nature1 int]nally1 p]=ms ! re/4 ,9 ord] to trace & recognize ! tru? ( ?is fact1 let u foll[ 9 r\gh & rapid outl9e ! op]ations by :i* man effects 8 purposes4 ,we w beg9 at ! beg9n+1 & suppose him to h only rea*$ ! /age :5 a k ( ! effects ( fire enables him to "w ) metals4 ,he produces fire by friction--t is1 by br++ "o piece ( wood to ano!r1 & rapidly mov+ ! "o on ! o!r2 or else by /rik+ two fl9ts on ea* o!r1 :i* also is m]ely rapid motion & %ock4 ,he c>ries ! wood to a he>?1 he br+s to x ! lump ( crude metal or ! ore2 he urges ! fire by a bla/ ( air--/ill 8 acts are only ^? ( imp>t+ motion4 ,!n ! fire acts on ! metal1 x excites "s aff9ities & enfeebles o!r aff9ities1 :i* result 9 remov+ impurities2 x s(t5s ! purifi$ metal4 ,!n ! workman lifts x on a /one1 & by beat+ x ) ano!r /one--/ill motion--he moves its p>ticles s t x assumes ! =m ( a hamm]1 an axe1 a *isel1 or a file4 ,!n by rubb+ ) a r\gh /one--/ill motion--he moves away "s p>ticles f ! edge1 & makes x %>p & fit = cutt+4 ,by plung+ x 9 wat] :5 hot--/ill only motion--he temp]s x to h>dness4 ,) ! edge ?us obta9$ he cuts wood into ! =ms he requires = v>i\s purposes1 & by degrees he le>ns h[ to fa%ion o!r pieces ( metal into o!r & m elaborate tools4 ,yet all ?is is done by no o!r means ?an giv+ motion to ! mat]ial on :i*1 or by :i*1 he works4 ,f tools he advances to ma*9es1 by :i* 8 p[] ( giv+ motion is increas$1 & z he le>ns m ( ! prop]ties ( matt] he con/ructs eng9es1 by :i* ^! prop]ties "w = him 9 ! directions 9 :i* he guides !m4 ,meantime he has le>n$ t clay1 :5 heat$1 becomes h>d z /one1 & ! arts ( pott]y take _! rise2 :ile glass-mak+ foll[s on ! discov]y t a%es & s& fuse into a transp>5t mass4 ,yet1 :e!r 9 _! rude beg9n+ or f9i%$ elegance1 man 9 ^! arts does no m ?an br+ toge!r ! r\gh mat]ials & apply to !m heat1 !n _! own inh]5t prop]ties effect ! result4 ,sci5ce--t is1 k ( natural laws ( matt]--guides 8 h&1 b 8 h& only moves matt]2 x gives no prop]ty & takes away none2 x does n ev5 enable "o prop]ty to "w2 x does absolutely no?+ except to place matt] :]e its own laws "w1 to br+ or to remove matt] :i* is ne$$1 or to remove matt] :i* is sup]flu\s4 ,let u analyze e complicat$ triumph ( human k & skill1 & we %all f9d x all r$uc$ to ! k ( :at ! prop]ties ( matt] are1 & ! skill :i* imp>ts to x motion j suffici5t to p]mit ^! prop]ties to op]ate4 ,man's p[] ov] ,nature is !re=e limit$ to ! p[] ( giv+ motion to matt]1 or ( /opp+ or resi/+ motion 9 matt]4 ,n[1 to give motion or to resi/ motion is itself ei!r a brea* or a use ( a law ( ,nature1 accord+ z we express t law4 ,! law is 7z usually express$71 t matt] at re/ rema9s at re/ till mov$ by a =ce1 & t matt] 9 motion cont9ues 9 motion till /ay$ by a =ce4 ,?is is ! law ( in]tia4 ,if we consid] t re/ or motion :5 once e/abli%$ is ! normal /ate ( matt]1 !n ! =ce :i* causes a *ange causes a brea* ( ! law ( in]tia4 ,b if we consid] t ! liability to be mov$1 or to h motion /opp$ by =ce1 is itself a prop]ty ( matt]1 !n ! application ( =ce ) su* result is m]ely call+ into op]ation ! law ( in]tia4 ,x really does n signify :i* view we take1 s long z we recognize t su* are ! facts4 ,b s9ce x is m famili> to associate re/ ) in]tia1 x w p]haps be mo/ conv5i5t & simple to consid] re/ & motion z ! laws ( matt]1 till ! law is int]f]$ )4 ,!re=e 9 :at foll[s we %all say1 t :5 matt] at re/ is mov$1 or :5 matt] 9 motion is /ay$1 or its movem5t by a natural =ce is prev5t$1 a brea* ( ! law ( in]tia is committ$4 ,we come1 !n1 to ^! propositions3--#a/1 ,t human p[] is utt]ly unable to break any law ( matt] except ! law ( in]tia4 #bnd1 ,t :51 by break+ only ! law ( in]tia--i4e41 by mov+ or by resi/+ ! motion ( matt]--any op]ation is accompli%$1 no o!r law ( matt] is brok54 #crd1 ,t to break ! law ( in]tia by ,=ce1 direct$ by ,w1 is no int]f]5ce ) ! prop]ties ( matt]4 #d?1 ,t by break+ ! law ( in]tia only1 man has p[] to call into play prop]ties :i* make matt] subs]vi5t to 8 objects4 ,nor is ?is man's p[] only4 ,inf]ior animals c also move matt]1 & by mov+ x c cause prodigi\s results4 ,a m9ute insect1 by secret+ lime f sea wat]s1 makes a coral reef1 or aids 9 =m+ a cliff ( *alk4 ,a beav] cuts d[n a tree1 & =ms a swamp t *anges ! climate ( a di/rict2 a bird c>ries a se$1 & makes a =e/ on an isl&4 ,inanimate life has ! same p[]4 ,! plant op5s its leaves to ! sun1 & ab/racts ! c>bon t =ms fruitful soils & b$s ( coal4 ,matt] itself c by motion "w on matt]4 ,! great physical p[]s1 heat & electricity1 are modes ( motion4 ,radiation ( heat causes freez+1 & freez+ crumbles rocks into soil1 or x =ms ! cl\ds 9 ! air1 ^: deluges holl[ valleys2 :ile electricity cleaves & spl9t]s ! summits ( ! m\nta9 peaks4 ,ev]y:]e motion1 %>p or sl[1 works ) matt]2 ev]y:]e ! law ( in]tia is brok52 & ev]y:]e ! miracles ( ,nature are wr\ght out by ,nature's unbrok5 laws1 set 9 action or )held by only ! movem5t :i* matt] has receiv$1 be x f ,w 9 man or bea/1 or be x f =ces :i* !mselves are "p ( matt]'s prop]ties4 ,n[1 s9ce we h />t$ f ! assumption t ,god does exi/1 x is impossible to make ,him an exception to ! rule :i* holds ( ! spirits ( inf]ior creatures1 & ev5 ( inanimate matt]4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,he c cause or /op movem5t1 ,he c1 )\t fur!r brea* ( any law ( ,nature1 br+ into play ! laws ( ,nature4 ,or1 to /ate ! same proposition conv]sely1 we mu/ admit t :atev] wond]s ,god may cause by br++ into op]ation a law ( ,nature ?r\gh ! means ( affect+ motion 9 matt]1 _c be call$ a brea* ( ! laws ( ,nature4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 und]/ood t ?is proposition is limit$ to ! results ( motion2 x does n affirm t ! cause ( ! motion may n be a brea* ( a law ( ,nature4 ,?is "q w rema9 = future exam9ation2 at pres5t x is nei!r affirm$ nor d5i$4 ,let u 9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 consid] :at we h rea*$ by ! proposition above /at$4 ,:at are call$ miracles may be divid$ into ?ree classes4 ,! fir/ are purely spiritual1 affect+ m9d )\t ! int]v5tion ( matt]1 su* z visions 7?\gh ^! may orig9ate 9 ! bra91 & !re=e belong to ! next class71 gifts ( tongues1 inspirations1 m5tal resolutions4 ,! second affect m9d 9 connection ) matt]1 su* z1 p]haps1 ! heal+ ( p>alytic or epileptic affections1 & c]ta9ly ! re/oration ( life to ! dead4 ,! ?ird affect matt] solely2 !y include ! heal+ ( w\nds1 or ( corporeal disease1 su* z bl9dness1 or fev]2 ! divid+ ( wat]s2 ! walk+ on wat]1 or rais+ an iron axe-head f ! bottom ( wat]2 ! fall+ ( walls or trees2 ! op5+ ( prison-doors1 & su* l4 ,! fir/ two classes we may1 9 any discussion limit$ to ! laws ( ,nature1 leave out ( view1 because x _c be said t we "k any laws ( ,nature affect+ m9d by itself1 or ev5 m9d 9 relation to matt]4 ,metaphysicians h int]e/$ !mselves 9 try+ to trace ! orig9 or sequ5ce ( intellectual processes1 b ,i h>dly ?9k any w\ld ass]t !y _h discov]$ or def9$ :at c prop]ly be call$ a law2 & c]ta9ly1 if any d ass]t x1 ! accuracy ( ! ass]tion is controv]t$ by z _m philosoph]s on ! o!r side4 ,any direct influ5ce ( ,god on m9d _c1 !re=e1 be *>g$ ) be+ 9 violation ( natural law4 ,nor c x ev5 be decl>$ to be contr>y to univ]sal exp]i5ce1 s9ce 9 ?is case ! negative evid5ce ( ^? :o h n exp]i5c$ x w\ld only be set aga9/ ! positive evid5ce ( innum]able p]sons :o affirm t !y h exp]i5c$ x4 ,! influ5ce ( m9d on matt]1 & matt] on m9d1 are also s obscure1 t x _c be affirm$ t any?+ :i* m5tal op]ation c effect on "o's own body is contr>y to natural law4 ,no physiologi/ w ass]t t m5tal resolution1 or conviction1 t5d+ t[>ds recov]y f sickness1 is )\t "s p[] to br+ t result to pass4 ,!y w admit also t ?is is peculi>ly ! case 9 reg>d to ^? disord]s :i*1 9 pure ignorance ( _! actual s\rce1 !y are fa9 to call hy/]ical1 neuralgic1 or g5]ally n]v\s4 ,!y are all acqua9t$ ) _m cases 9 _! own exp]i5ce ( recov]y f su* disord]s 9 :i* no physical cause = recov]y c be imag9$4 ,if1 !n1 ,god %\ld convey to ! m9d ( a pati5t an impression :i* br+s ab\t recov]y1 !re w\ld cle>ly be no violation ( natural law4 ,) reg>d to ! re/oration ( life1 x is q true t ?is is beyond ! ord9>y p[] ( man's volition4 ,nev]!less1 at ea* mom5t ( our lives !re is a communication ( life to ! dead matt] :i* has =m$ our food1 b :i*1 aft] dige/ion1 becomes a "p ( our liv+ organs2 & ?is is true ev5 9 ! nutrition ( plants4 ,h[ or at :at mom5t ! m9d ent]s or becomes capable ( affect+ our frames1 we d n "k4 ,b ?is happ5s at "s mom5t be=e or dur+ bir?2 its do+ s at a subsequ5t p]iod is1 !re=e1 n a brea* ( natural law1 b is only an in/ance ( natural law com+ into op]ation1 by ! same cause1 at a p]iod diff]+ f t :i* is cu/om>y4 ,! act1 :atev] x is1 is n exceptional1 b ord9>y4 ,! "t is alone exceptional4 ,we h n[ to consid] ! /rictly physical ph5om5a to :i* ! "n ( miracles is 9 ?is discussion conf9$1 & to :i* ! objection t !y are contr>y to natural laws is commonly /at$4 ,a v l>ge numb] ( ^! are at fir/ glance se5 to be only in/ances ( in]tia be+ affect$4 ,to walk on wat]1 to make wat] /& 9 a heap1 to raise a body f ! gr\nd1 to ca/ d[n walls1 or move bolts & doors1 are obvi\sly ex]tions ( simple me*anical =ce su* z we ourselves daily employ4 ,_! effective cause is nei!r m nor less ?an an int]f]5ce ) ! law ( in]tia1 & by ! previ\s demon/ration !y are !re=e n to be reckon$ z brea*es ( any law ( ,nature4 ,let u try if ?is c be made cle>] by an example4 ,x has be5 /at$ be=e t if iron 7 made to swim on wat] by modification ( ! law ( gravity x w\ld be creation ( a new sub/ance diff]+ f iron 9 be+ ( less specific gravity4 ,at ! same "t1 ! orig9al iron ( normal specific gravity w\ld h disappe>$4 ,^! processes ( creation & de/ruction w\ld be s unprec$5t$ t we %\ld ju/ly call !m violations ( ! ord9>y laws ( nature4 ,b at lea/ we %\ld !n expect t ! light iron ?us creat$ w\ld be p]man5tly light1 & we %\ld call x ano!r brea* ( ! laws ( nature if on lift+ x f ! wat] we f\nd x heavy4 ,b if we 7 to hold a magnet ( suitable p[] ov] ! orig9al heavy iron1 :5 at ! bottom ( ! wat]1 we might see x rise & float1 al?\gh n t\*$ or upheld by any visible sub/ance1 & al?\gh its specific gravity rema9$ con/ant4 ,9 ?is case x w\ld be mov$ by a p[] :i* ov]comes gravity1 b !re w\ld be no creation nor de/ruction ( any prop]ty1 & no natural law w\ld be brok54 ,b if n[ we sub/itute = magnetic ,div9e p[]1 !re is /ill no brea* ( a natural law1 = no prop]ty is creat$ or de/roy$4 ,9 bo? cases ! act+ ag5t is a p[] outside ! iron1 invisible & unkn[n1 except by ! effects4 ,! effect ( bo? is ! same3 x is to give motion to matt]1 & no?+ m4 ,h5ce1 nei!r violate any law ( nature except t ( in]tia4 ,proce$+ to ano!r class ( miracles1 :i* seem at fir/ to be creative1 we %all f9d t !y also come )9 ! range ( famili> human pot5tiality4 ,! mak+ ( bread1 or meal1 or oil1 or w9e1 are in/ances ( *emical syn!sis4 ,^! sub/ances are compos$ ( ?ree or f\r elem5ts1 all gase\s except c>bon 7to be absolutely accurate1 we mu/ add m9ute quantities ( eight o!r elem5ts71 :i* no *emi/ has yet succe$$ 9 unit+ 9 su* =ms4 ,b *emi/s h succe$$ 9 =m+ c]ta9 sub/ances by br++ toge!r _! elem5ts1 ( :i* wat] is ! simple/ type1 & o!rs ( great] complexity are e ye> be+ atta9$4 ,^! are =m$ by mov+ into proximity1 or admixture1 ! elem5t>y +r$i5ts1 "u circum/ances fav\rable to _! union 9 ! desir$ comb9ation1 & ! comb9ation !n proce$s by ! op]ation ( natural laws4 ,no "o w\ld be surpris$ to he> t "s *emi/ _h ?us atta9$ to =m />* or glut51 ! ma9 +r$i5ts ( bread2 or oil1 or _s1 or ess5ces2 = if x 7 ann\nc$ we %\ld all "k t he _h only discov]$ "s new me?od ( manipulation by :i* circum/ances 7 arrang$ s z to fav\r ! natural laws :i* effect ! union ( ! necess>y elem5ts4 ,!re=e1 if ^! sub/ances are =m$ by ,div9e p[]1 x is n creation--x is only ! *emi/'s "w1 adopt+ natural laws = its me?ods1 & br++ !m into play by transposition ( mat]ial sub/ances4 ,meteorological processes--su* z lightn+1 ra91 dr\ght1 w9ds--are sometimes made ! imm$iate cause ( miracles1 z :5 ! w9d caus$ ! wat]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea to fl[ back1 or br\ght ! flights ( quails1 or locu/s4 ,^! are effects :i* we "k w9d is q capable ( produc+1 & does produce naturally4 ,0 !re !n any brea* ( natural laws 7beyond t ( in]tia7 9 caus+ su* w9ds to bl[8 or 9 br++ up ?und]-cl\ds8 or 9 caus+ an arid season8 ,we _c1 inde$1 say t !re 0 n2 b z little c we say t !re 04 ,= s9ce we ourselves h acquir$ su* p[] ov] lightn+1 ! mo/ inscrutable & irresi/ible ( all meteorological ag5cies1 z to be able to lead x :]e we w1 h[ %all we say t ,god's inf9ite k has n ! same p[] ov] ! w9ds & ! cl\ds1 by employ+ only natural ag5cies = ,8 "w1 & employ+ ^! only by ! op]ation ( motion giv5 to matt]4 ,) reg>d to ! heal+ ( diseas$ matt]1 conjectures also c only be (f]$1 because ( ! s\rce ( diseases we "k s little4 ,sight is re/or$ 9 cat>act by simple removal ( an abnormal membrane4 ,_m fev]s1 if ! g]m !ory or ! poison !ory be correct1 are cur$ :5 ! g]ms die1 or ! poison is elim9at$4 ,a p[] t c\ld kill ! g]ms1 or remove !m or ! poison f ! sy/em1 w\ld !n effect imm$iate cure 9 accordance ) natural laws4 ,x does n seem necess>ily beyond man's rea* to effect ?is :5 he %all und]/& natural laws m fully2 x _c1 !re=e1 be a brea* ( natural laws if ,god %\ld effect x by laws z yet unkn[n to man1 provid$ !y are br\ght into play ) no o!r ag5cy ?an ! motion ( matt]4 ,x w\ld be folly z well z impiety to ass]t t x is 9 su* ways only t miracles are p]=m$4 ,no su* ass]tion is made4 ,b :51 on ! o!r side1 x is ass]t$ t ! miracles n>rat$ 9 ,scripture _c be true because !y mu/ involve a brea* ( ! immutable laws ( ,nature1 ! answ] is ju/ifiable & is suffici5t1 t !y d n necess>ily involve any brea* ( any law1 save ( t "o law ( in]tia :i* at e in/ant is brok5 by creat$ ?+s1 )\t any di/urbances be+ introduc$ into ! s]5e m>* ( ,nature's laws4 ,! sci5tific revelation is reconcil$ ) ! writt5 revelation :5 x is %[n t nei!r necess>ily implies ! falsity ( ! o!r4 ,b suppos+ ! argum5t ?us f> to be conc$$1 x w be urg$ t ! real miracle rema9s yet beh9d4 ,:5 man moves matt]1 8 h& is visible3 :5 an animal gnaws a tree1 its tee? are se5 work+2 :5 a riv] fl[s d[n a valley1 its =ce is he>d & felt4 ,h[ diff]5t1 x w be said1 is ,god's work+1 :]e !re is no arm ( fle%1 no s\nd ( p[]1 no sign ( pres5ce4 ,unque/ionably x is a deep m>vel & a my/]y1 t impalpable _s %\ld act ^u gross matt]2 b x is a my/]y ( humanity z well z ( ,godhead4 ,:at moves ! h&8 ,contraction ( ! muscles4 ,b :at causes contraction ( ! muscles8 ,! influ5ce transmitt$ f ! bra9 by ! n]ves4 ,b :at s5ds t influ5ce8 ,x is m9d1 :i* some:]e1 someh[1 moves animal tissues--tissues consi/+ ( c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog51 phosphorus1 & sulphur4 ,at "s po9t ( our frames1 we "k n yet :]e1 m9d does act directly on matt]4 ,x is a law ( ,nature t x %\ld s act !re4 ,b if ,god exi/s1 ,8 m9d mu/1 by ! same law1 act on matt] some:]e4 ,c we call x an (f5ce aga9/ law if x acts on matt] else:]e ?an 9 t mass ( organiz$ pulp :i* we call bra9s8 ,if no possibility ( communication betwe5 m9d & matt] c\ld any:]e be f\nd 9 ,nature1 we might call su* communication contr>y to natural law4 ,9 o!r words1 if x 7 "o ( ! prop]ties ( matt] t x c\ld n receive motion f t :i* is n matt]1 its motion )\t a mat]ial cause w\ld be sup]natural4 ,b s9ce x is ( ! v ess5ce ( exi/5ce t matt] 9 c]ta9 comb9ations %\ld be capable ( be+ end[$ ) life1 & by su* end[m5t become capable ( be+ affect$ 9 motion by m9d1 x is indisputable t su* capability is "o ( matt]'s prop]ties1 & t its be+ s affect$ falls )9 & n )\t ,nature's laws4 ,x may be object$ t1 s9ce x is only liv+ sub/ance :i* c be act$ on by ! human m9d1 x is contr>y to law t dead matt] %\ld be act$ on by ,div9e m9d4 ,b ?is is a simple begg+ ( ! "q at issue4 ,x is con/ruct+ a law = ! purpose ( *>g+ ,god ) break+ x4 ,:]e d we f9d evid5ce 9 ,nature t matt] _c be mov$ by ! ,div9e m9d8 ,sci5ce reveals no su* law4 ,sci5ce is simply sil5t on ! subject2 x admits its utt] ignorance1 & decl>es ! "q beyond its scope4 ,und\bt$ly x does n pron\nce t ,god does move matt]1 b x equally ab/a9s f ass]t+ t ,god does n4 ,= :5 x traces back mat]ial effects f cause to cause1 x comes at la/ to some?+ = :i* x has no explanation4 ,:5 we say t an acid & an alkali comb9e by ! law ( aff9ity1 t a /one falls by ! law ( gravity1 we m]ely g5]alize facts "u a "n1 we d n acc\nt = !m4 ,:at causes aff9ity1 :at causes gravity8 ,suppose we say ! "o is pol> electricity1 ! o!r is ! impact ( p>ticles 9 vibration 7bo? ( :i* /atem5ts are unprov$ guesses71 :at d we ga98 ,! next "q is only1 :at causes electricity & :at causes vibration8 ,suppose1 aga91 we answ] t bo? are modes ( motion1 we only come to ! fur!r "q1 :at causes motion8 ,& s9ce motion is a brea* ( ! law ( in]tia1 :at is x t fir/ excit$ motion 9 ?is dead matt]8 ,c>ry back our analysis z f> z we w or c1 at la/ we rea* a po9t :]e matt] mu/ be act$ ^u by some?+ t is n matt]4 ,?is some?+ is ,m9d2 & ,god also is ,m9d4 ,aga91 :5 any "o affirms t only liv+ matt] c be act$ on by m9d1 :e!r human or ,div9e1 we may fairly ask him1 n inde$ :at is life1 :i* is a problem z yet beyond sci5ce2 b h[ life *anges matt]1 :i* is a "q /rictly )9 ! range ( sci5ce deal+ ) matt]4 ,b to ?is inquiry we %all get no answ]4 ,! cells 9 an organism1 ! protoplasm 9 ! cells1 are liv+ :5 ! organism is liv+1 dead :5 ! organism is dead1 &1 z matt]1 no diff]5ce is discov]able betwe5 !m 9 ! /ate ( liv+ & dead4 ,! cells consi/ ( cellulose1 ! protoplasm ( "s prote9 comp\nds2 no elem5t is add$ or subtract$1 no comp\nd is alt]$1 :5 x lives or :5 x dies4 ,nor c sci5ce ev5 tell u :5 an organic comp\nd becomes alive1 or dead4 ,e in/ant crude sap is becom+ liv+ plants1 e in/ant crude *yle is becom+ liv+ blood1 e in/ant liv+ organisms die & are expell$ f plants by ! leaves1 f animals by ! lungs1 ! sk91 & ! kidneys4 ,yet no physician c say at :at mom5t any ( ^! c>bon comp\nds become liv+1 or :5 !y cease to h life4 ,s9ce ( ?is p]petual bir? & dea? 9 all nature we "k absolutely no?+1 x is manife/ly unreasonable to lay d[n laws respect+ !m4 ,if life & dea? make 7z f> z we c discov]7 absolutely no imm$iate physical *ange 9 ! matt] :i* !y affect1 h[ c we prop\nd z a dogma ( physical sci5ce t ,god _c move dead matt]1 :5 our own exp]i5ce tells u t our spirits c move liv+ matt]8 ,x is cle> t if we are n w>rant$ 9 mak+ a law1 we are n w>rant$ 9 say+ t x is brok54 ,our conc]n ) laws is to see t su* z we d "k are uni=m1 = ?is is ! basis ( sci5ce4 ,b true sci5ce repudiates dogmas on subjects ( :i* x av[s its ignorance4 ,let u sum up ! argum5t z x has n[ be5 /at$4 ,! propositions are ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,matt] is subject to unalt]able laws1 :i* express its prop]ties4 ,no creat$ be+ c orig9ate1 alt]1 or de/roy any ( ^! prop]ties4 #b4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 = "o prop]ty to ov]p[] ! action ( ano!r prop]ty1 ei!r 9 ! same matt] or 9 o!r matt]4 #c4 ,by plac+ matt] 9 a position 9 :i* "o or o!r prop]ty has its natural action1 man1 z well z animals & inanimate matt]1 c ov]p[] a law ( ,nature ) almo/ b\ndless p[]4 #d4 ,! sole means by :i* su* results are effect$1 are by affect+ ! law ( in]tia4 ,!re=e1 :atev] is effect$ by natural laws1 )\t o!r int]f]5ce ?an by affect+ in]tia1 is consi/5t ) ! uni=mity ( natural law4 #e4 ,all /rictly physical miracles record$ 9 ! ,bible are capable ( be+ effect$ by natural law1 )\t o!r int]f]5ce ?an by affect+ in]tia1 & !re=e are consi/5t ) ! uni=mity ( natural law4 #f4 ,x is consi/5t ) natural law t creat$ m9ds %\ld affect ! in]tia ( c]ta9 =ms ( matt] directly4 #g4 ,x is n inconsi/5t ) natural law t ,div9e m9d %\ld affect ! in]tia ( o!r =ms ( matt] directly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! be>+ ( ^! conclusions ^u pray]1 9 s f> z x affects physical conditions1 may n[ be briefly %[n4 ,x has be5 argu$ t1 9 ! light ( mod]n discov]y1 pray] ought to be re/rict$ to spiritual objects1 & t at all ev5ts x c h none b spiritual effects4 ,x has = example be5 ass]t$ t to pray = f9e wea!r1 = bodily heal?1 = removal ( any plague1 = av]t+ ( any corporeal dang] is ask+ ,god to *ange ! laws ( ,nature = our b5efit1 t ?is is :at ,he nev] does1 :at w\ld produce endless confusion if ,he %\ld1 & consequ5tly :at ,he c]ta9ly w n d4 ,b if 9 po9t ( fact ,god c conf] on u all ^! gifts :i* we ask f ,him )\t break+ a s+le law by :i* ,nature is b\nd1 we are re/or$ to ! old] confid5ce t ,he w1 provid$ t su* gifts are at ! same "t consonant ) our spiritual good4 ,n[ z x has be5 %[n t ,god c affect matt] to ! full ext5t = :i* we ev] petition by means ( ,nature's own laws1 set 9 op]ation by no o!r ag5cy ?an ! m]e communication ( motion to matt]1 x has be5 %[n t ,he w break no law 9 giv+ :at we ask4 ,= example1 :at is f9e wea!r8 ,x is ! result ( ! due motion ( ! w9ds1 :i* be> ! cl\ds on _! bosom1 & c>ry ! w>m? ( equatorial sun%9e to ! cold] nor?4 ,x is /ill z true z eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,! w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & ye he> ! s\nd !re(1 b _c tell :5ce x come? or :i!r x goe?4 ,b if x be no brea* ( law to give motion to ! air1 x is 9 ,god's p[] to br+ u fav\rable w9ds4 ,b ! w9ds we wi% are n necess>ily mov$ imm$iately by ,god's brea?4 ,!y dep5d probably on c]ta9 electric repulsions1 :i* make ! cold] or ! w>m] curr5t come clos] to ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,& electricity is motion4 ,x may be directly1 x may be indirectly1 ?r\gh electricity2 x may be by "s cause /ill fur!r back1 t ,god s5ds =? ! w9ds2 b1 if ,he c give motion1 ,he c direct _! curr5ts1 & by su* ag5cy give to ,8 creatures ! wea!r be/ suit$ = _! wants4 ,or :at is disease8 ,probably1 9 _m cases1 g]ms2 let u !n suppose g]ms1 because x is :at ! late/ sci5ce tells u4 ,b g]ms ne$ a suitable nidus1 & we "k t m]ely :at we call *ange ( air is "o ( ! mo/ pot5t means ( def5d+ or re/or+ our bodies f ! assault ( g]ms to :i* x is expos$4 ,we *ange our air1 by mov+ to ano!r place2 :at violation ( law w\ld !re be if ,god1 to our pray]1 7 to *ange our air by mov+ a diff]5t air to u8 ,t is b a rude illu/ration2 ! m>vell\s economy ( ! body sugge/s a ?\s& o!rs1 none ( :i* may be true1 b :i* yet all agree 9 ?is1 t !y w\ld "w our cure by /rictly natural laws1 set 9 action m]ely by motion giv5 to matt]4 ,t ev5 an imp5d+ rock %\ld n fall ^u u w\ld be a petition involv+ no fur!r di/urbance ( natural law4 ,_h we appliances to enhance our =ce we c\ld uphold x1 )\t break+ natural law4 ,god has sup]human =ce1 & if ,he upholds x by an arm we _c see1 ,he w break no law4 ,x 7 ne$less to pursue examples2 b ! subject mu/ n be dismiss$ )\t ref]5ce to ! spiritual laws1 :i* we are b\nd to reg>d 9 pray+ = aught we may desire4 ,^! are express$ & summ$ 9 ! comm&1 ,ask 9 my "n4 ,!re is a preval5t misund]/&+ ( ^! words1 aris+ out ( ! !ological dogma :i* int]prets !m z if !y 7 writt51 = my sake4 ,x is unnecess>y "h to ent] into ! inquiry h[ f> any pray] is grant$ because ( ! m]its or = ! sake ( ,*ri/4 ,x is suffici5t t ! words "h us$ mean some?+ else4 ,:5 we desire ano!r p]son to ask any?+ f a sup]ior 9 our "n1 we mean to ask z if we ask$4 ,x mu/ be some?+ !n :i* we %\ld ask = p]sonally4 ,!re=e1 ,*ri/ desir+ u to ask 9 ,8 "n1 limits u to ask ^? ?+s :i* we c presume ,he w\ld ask = u4 ,x is obvi\s h[ ?is int]pretation def9es ! range ( petition4 ,x mu/ be conf9$ to :at ,he1 all-kn[+1 kn[s to be = our good4 ,x mu/ be1 9 our ignorance1 subject to ! condition t ,he %\ld see x be/ = u4 ,x utt]ly excludes all seek+ = worldly advantage1 = :i* ,he w\ld nev] bid u pray4 ,x equally excludes all spiritual b5efits :i* are n ^? ( a godly1 humble _s4 ,above all1 x excludes all ?+s :i* w\ld be sugge/$ by ,satan z a tempt+ ( ! ,"l our ,god4 ,to ask1 z "s sci5tific m5 w\ld h u d1 = some?+ 9 ord] to see if ,god w\ld grant x1 w\ld be an exp]im5t :i*1 appli$ to an e>?ly sup]ior1 w\ld be an insult--to ,god is impiety4 ,to su* pray]s z ^! !re is no promise made1 = !y _c be 9 ,*ri/'s "n4 ,nei!r c ^? pray]s be 9 ,8 "n :i* come f m5 reg>dless ( ,8 precepts4 ,^! are conta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ,nature z well z 9 ! ,bible1 & to bo? alike we owe rev]5ce4 ,we are b\nd to le>n ,8 w z f> z our p[]s ext5d1 we are b\nd to in=m ourselves z fully z we c ( ! physical z well z ( ! moral laws set = our guidance1 & hav+ le>n$ we are b\nd to obey4 ,x 7 va9 to pray = help 9 an act ( wrong-do+1 & equally va9 to pray = relief f consequ5ces ( our own neglect or defiance ( su* rules ( ! gov]nm5t ( nature z we h le>n$1 or z ) due dilig5ce we might h le>n$4 ,no man s act+ c presume to ?9k t he may ask 9 ,*ri/'s "n = succ\r4 ,*ri/ c\ld n ask x = su* z he4 ,b to :at we c truly ask 9 ,8 "n !re is no limit set4 ,we may ask = all worldly & all spiritual good1 :i* we c conceive ,him to ask = u1 9 assurance t x w be giv51 if ,he sees x really to be = our good4 ,h[ x may be reconcil$ ) good to o!r m5 is n = u to inquire4 ,! ,omnipot5t rules all1 & ,he :o c d all is able to d :at is be/ = u z well z = e o!r creature ,he has made1 )\t brea* ( "o ( ^! laws :i* ,he has set z guides = all4 ,j4 ,,boyd ,,k9ne>4 ,,:at ,,is ,,r5t8 ,! public m9d ( ! c\ntry is at ! pres5t h\r l>gely occupi$ ) ?9k+ ab\t r5t4 ,! sev]e agricultural depression has g5]at$ pa9ful effects on ! feel+s & ! =tunes ( ! p ( ,engl&4 ,! v>i\s classes :o are connect$ ) ! cultivation ( l& are visit$ ) mu* suff]+1 & we _c be surpris$ if !y are f\nd discuss+ :e!r _! relations t[>ds ea* o!r1 z well z ! sy/em ( agriculture prevail+ 9 ^! isl&s1 are precisely :at !y ought to be4 ,! v>i\s me?ods ( deal+ ) ! l& & ! population t devote !mselves to its tillage1 h be5 ! subjects ( ke5 debate = ages3 fail+ h>ve/s1 l[ prices1 & heavy losses1 are well suit$ to imp>t en]gy & ev5 viol5ce to su* discussions4 ,9 "s portions ( ! k+dom1 ev5 agricultural revolution has made its appe>ance on ! sc5e4 ,! law itself is op5ly & av[$ly defi$4 ,! debtor1 x is decre$1 %all det]m9e at 8 own pleasure h[ mu* he %all pay ( ! debt to :i* he is pl$g$4 ,if ! own] ( ! prop]ty let on hire repels su* an adjudication ( 8 rights1 he is pla9ly w>n$ t !y %all be swept away altoge!r1 & ! insolv5t debtor be made ! own] ( :at he borr[$4 ,! v /ructure ( society itself is imp]ill$4 ,to refuse to pay debt viol5tly1 x has be5 well said1 is to /eal1 & to p]mit /eal+1 is n only to dissolve1 b to demoralize society3 accumulation ( prop]ty1 & civilization itself w\ld become impossible4 ,amid/ su* agitat$ passions x 0 inevitable t r5t %\ld spe$ily come to ! front4 ,^? :o _h contract$ to pay r5t1 9 ! expectation t ! produce ( _! lab\r w\ld enable !m to r$eem _! pl$ge1 _h be5 plung$ into losses1 m or less sev]e1 by ! badness ( ! seasons2 _! means 7 r$uc$2 to pay 0 inconv5i5t2 & x 0 a simpl] me?od to take ! matt] into _! own h&s1 & r ?an appeal to ! feel+s ( _! l&lords = a consid]ate dim9ution ( _! r5ts1 to call r5t itself into judgm5t1 & to suppress x altoge!r4 ,:51 !n1 matt]s h rea*$ ! pass t an anti-r5t agitation1 bas$ on ! confiscation ( prop]ty & ! repudiation ( contracts1 has sprung up1 & is swiftly spread+ among an excitable p1 x becomes important1 9 ! highe/ degree1 t ! true nature ( r5t %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood by ! :ole c\ntry4 ,:atev] may be ultimately decid$ ab\t r5t1 let e man fir/ "k accurately :at x is4 ,to advocate a sy/em ( agriculture :i* %all aboli% ! possession ( l& by a class :o are own]s & n cultivators ( ! soil1 & ?us ext+ui% ! *>ge = ! loan ( x to f>m]s1 is p]fectly legitimate4 ,let ! m]its & dem]its ( su* a t5ure be freely inve/igat$2 let peasant-proprietor%ip be c\nt]-exam9$ ov] aga9/ x2 b let ! conviction be br\ght home to e m9d t no j or intellig5t conclusion c be rea*$1 unless e elem5t ( ! problem has be5 fully & hone/ly weigh$4 ,a r$uction ( r5ts may v possibly be call$ = by necessity & by reason2 b to place ! position itself ( l&lord 9 an invidi\s light1 z t ( a man :o exacts f ! lab\r ( o!rs t = :i* he has nei!r toil$ nor spun1 is a mo/ unw>rantable process ( argum5tation1 & c lead to no tru/wor?y result 9 a matt] ( su* transc5dant importance to ! nation4 ,:at !n is r5t8 ,! true answ] to ?is v natural "q1 obvi\s & easy ?\gh x may seem to be1 has be5 grasp$ by few only4 ,let ! "q be put to a mix$ company1 & ! incapacity to expla9 ! real nature ( r5t w be f\nd mo/ surpris+4 ,"o's fir/ impulse is to appeal to ,political ,economy = an answ]1 = indisputably r5t belongs to its doma92 b unhappily ,political ,economi/s1 = ! mo/ "p1 in/ead ( enlight5+ h obscur$ ?is inquiry = ! public m9d4 ,"s few among/ !m h p]ceiv$ ! true "* ( r5t2 b mo/ o!r economical writ]s h be5 l$ a/ray into a wrong pa? by ,ric>do4 ,ric>do's !ory ( r5t 0 accept$ z ! or?odox doctr9e2 b x 0 a !ory f :i* ! common _w1 l&lords & f>m]s alike1 turn$ away z unworkable4 ,ric>do 0 dom9at$ by ! passion ( giv+ to ,political ,economy a /rictly sci5tific treatm5t1 & ! explanation ( r5t he hail$ z an excell5t in/rum5t = accompli%+ 8 purpose4 ,he built ! am\nt ( r5t payable by diff]5t l&s1 on ! v>y+ f]tilities ( ! soil4 ,l& ,a paid no r5t2 its productive p[]s 7 unequal to su* an ef=t2 x mu/ cont5t itself ) rew>d+ ! cultivator alone4 ,l& ,b pres5t$ itself z some?+ bett]2 a feeble r5t x c\ld supply4 ,c1 ,d1 & ,e cont9u$ ! asc5d+ scale2 ! r5ts !y yield$ assum$ gr&] dim5sions1 till ! maximum ( f]tility & remun]at+ p[] 0 rea*$4 ,! array wore a spl5didly sci5tific air2 x almo/ rivall$ ! great law ( ! inv]se squ>e ( ! di/ances4 ,b1 alas1 z ,ric>do himself dimly saw1 r5t b[$ to o!r =ces besides m]e f]tility4 ,v>y+ di/ances f manures & m>kets1 dissimil> dem&s = horsep[] = ! atta9m5t ( ! same crops1 unequal pressure ( rates & taxes1 & o!r l causes compell$ r5t to sway upw>ds & d[nw>ds 9 contradiction ( ! law ( f]tility2 & t 0 n sci5tific4 ,b x 0 true 9 fact1 & ,ric>do1 "u ! pressure ( necessity1 summ$ up ^! di/urb+ causes "u ! g5]al ^w situation4 ,l ,mill1 he _h to recognise t ,political ,economy1 z he & ,mill pos$ x1 0 an hypo!tical sci5ce1 & t ! /]n _w ( mat]ial realities 0 "u ! dom9ion ( influ5ces :i* 7 n hypo!tical nor sci5tific4#a ,if ,ric>do & ,mill _h cont5t$ !mselves ) lay+ d[n :at ! am\nt ( r5t 01 gov]n$ by ! quality ( ! soil's f]tility & by ! =ces :i* !y feebly recognis$ by ! ^w situation1 no h>m w\ld h be5 done4 ,!y w\ld h giv5 a tol]ably fair description ( ! causes on :i* ! magnitude ( r5t dep5ds4 ,x w\ld n inde$ h expla9$ :at r5t is1 b x w\ld h express$ tru?s ) :i* ! common agricultural m9d 0 famili>1 & !y might h reta9$ ! comm& ( agricultural e>s4 ,b sci5tific ambition w\ld n be satisfi$ ) s simple & unpret5d+ a /atem5t4 ,x 0 resolv$ t ! explanation ( r5t %\ld take ! %ape ( a sci5tific doctr9e2 & ) ?is object x inv5t$ an addition to x ( ^: sci5tific "* !re c\ld be no d\bt4 ,x conv]t$ ! l&1 9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,mill1 :i* yields lea/ return to ! lab\r & capital employ$ on x1 & gives only ! ord9>y pr(it ( capital1 )\t leav+ any?+ = r5t1 into a /&>d = e/imat+ ! am\nt ( r5t :i* w be yield$ by all o!r l&4 ,any l& yields z mu* m ?an ! ord9>y pr(its ( /ock1 z x yields m ?an :at is return$ by ! wor/ l& 9 cultivation4 ,?is wor/ l&1 :i* _h no r5t to give1 0 erect$ into a /&>d :i* %\ld measure r5ts z accurately z a y>d measures di/ances1 & a p\nd avoirdupois weights4 ,mo/ useful inde$ is ! y>d :i* tells u h[ f> x is to ,dov]1 & ! lb4 weight :i* in=ms u h[ heavy ! load ( coals is :i* has rea*$ our door2 & delightful truly1 w\ld be an in/rum5t :i* %\ld tell a disput+ l&lord & t5ants1 ) un]r+ precision1 h[ mu* r5t exactly ea* f>m 0 b\nd to pay4 ,b ?is m>g9 ( calculation1 ?is l& :i* pays no r5t--:at l&lord or :at f>m] has ev] inquir$ = x 9 ! calculation ( _! r5ts8 ,has x ev] occurr$ to ! ?\ghts1 or pass$ ! lips1 ( a s+le practical agriculturi/1 9 ^! days ( excitem5t1 & ang]1 & unceas+ declamations 9 ! press & tribune on r5t8 ,& if x _h be5 f\nd1 :at possible help c\ld x h br\ght to a s+le agriculturi/8 ,su* l& c\ld be no measure to measure by4 ,a measure mu/ ei!r be a giv5 portion ( ! ?+ measur$1 z a y>d ( l5g?1 or else be an effect ( a giv5 =ce1 z ! height ( ! b>omet] ( ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e4 ,a piece ( l& :i* yields no r5t _c measure "o t does1 because ! non-paym5t ( r5t is n ! effect ( a s+le =ce b ( _m div]se ones4 ,a p>ticul> f>m may pay no r5t because x is isolat$ by want ( roads1 or is 9 a lonely spot1 or is f> (f f manures1 or is burd5$ ) excess ( taxation1 z a :ole p>i% 9 ,buck+ham%ire :i* 0 said to h gone out ( cultivation because no man w\ld face ! burd5 ( its poor-rates4 ,:at facility = calculation c\ld su* a p>i% furni% to a f>m] 9 ,middlesex or ,lanca%ire8 ,! selection ( su* a /&>d 0 a purely illogical process2 x conf\nd$ effect ) cause4 ,! =ces :i* det]m9e r5t decree t su* a f>m _c pay r5t1 t is an effect2 b its pay+ no r5t c\ld be no cause1 by ! m]e fact alone t x did n yield suffici5t net pr(it1 :y o!r l&s %\ld pay no r5t4 ,! m>g9 ( calculation 0 fram$ at a p>ticul> locality1 "u its own circum/ances1 b x c\ld say no?+ ab\t ! circum/ances ( ano!r f>m & _! effects4 ,! moral to be d]iv$ f ! exam9ation ( ,ric>do & ,mill's !ories ( r5t is cle>4 ,! soon] t _! m>g9 ( cultivation1 _! /&>d ( ! am\nt ( r5t1 disappe>s1 ! bett] w x be = ! int]e/s ( society & ( ,political ,economy4 ,x has driv5 away all agricultural audi5ce f ! talk ( ,political ,economy ab\t r5t2 x is felt to lie altoge!r outside ( ! practical _w4 ,let ! l& :i* is cultivat$ )\t be+ able to pay r5t be inquir$ into by all means1 :5ev] !re is a call = s do+4 ,let ! imp$+ causes & all _! circum/ances be explor$1 b let ! inquiry & its results be kept ap>t f all r5t-pay+ l&4 ,! =ces :i* det]m9e t "o f>m c pay r5t & ano!r none are ! same = bo?1 ei!r by _! pres5ce or _! abs5ce2 b ! two f>ms h no connection ) ea* o!r1 except z suff]+ effects f common causes4 ,:5 ?is great tru? is se5 & ackn[l$g$1 & :5 ,political ,economy has ceas$ to talk ( ! non r5t-pay+ l& regulat+ ! am\nt ( all r5t1 ! _w :i* x addresses1 & = :om x exi/s1 w be won ov] to li/5 to its tea*+ on r5t & to ?9k x real4 ,& n[ let u face ! "q1 simply1 ,:at is r5t8 ,x is necess>y to di/+ui% "h betwe5 two diff]5t mean+s ( ! ^w r5t4 ,x is a legal ^w1 connect$ ) ! hire ( l& or =ms ( real prop]ty connect$ ) l&1 z h\ses1 rooms1 & ! l4 ,agricultural r5t is diff]5t 9 nature f ! r5t ( rooms4 ,! r5ts paid = a h\se or rooms 9 a l>ge build+ su* z ,gre%am ,h\se h no relation to any p>ticul> bus9ess c>ri$ on 9 !m1 mu* less d !y dep5d on ! success ( t bus9ess4 ,agricultural r5t1 on ! contr>y1 is giv5 = ! v purpose ( engag+ 9 a di/9ct bus9ess1 agriculture2 & ! pr(its ( t bus9ess ent] l>gely1 9 ! settlem5t ( r5t1 into ! calculations ( ! l5d] & ! hir] ( ! l&4 ,x is ( agricultural r5t exclusively t we are speak+ on ! pres5t occasion4 ,9 ord] to make a correct analysis ( ! subject1 let u place ourselves 9 ! position ( a f>m] :o is (f]$ ! t5ancy ( a p>ticul> f>m4 ,x is necess>y1 fur!r1 to =m a cle> conception ( ! fact1 & to be> x con/antly 9 m9d1 t 9 all acts ( sell+ or hir+1 x is ! pur*as] or hir]1 n ! sell] or ! l5d]1 :o ultimately decides :e!r an ex*ange %all take place4 ,:atev] be ! price ask$1 be x high or be x l[1 ! buy] by giv+ or refus+ x decrees :e!r a comm]cial transaction %all be c>ri$ out4 ,x is n ! l&lord b ! t5ant :o w 9 ! la/ resort det]m9e :at ! r5t %all be4 ,! l&lord may select among/ compet+ f>m]s ! man :o w pay ! highe/ r5t2 /ill x w be ! judgm5t ( t t5ant t w decide at la/1 n only :at ! am\nt ( ! r5t %all be1 b ev5 :e!r ! f>m %all be let at all4 ,! inquiry ?us becomes1 ,:at are ! ?\ghts1 & :at ! feel+s consequ5t on ^? ?\ghts1 :i* trav]se ! m9d ( ! f>m]8 ,he is seek+ to borr[ ! use ( l& 9 ord] to engage 9 ! agricultural bus9ess2 8 motive is pr(it1 su* an am\nt ( pr(it z w1 aft] repay+ all 8 outlay ( e k9d1 yield him ! fitt+ rew>d = 8 ef=ts & 8 skill4 ,8 object is to ga9 a liv+ out ( 8 f>m2 & 8 calculations turn on ! inquiry1 on :at t]ms ( borr[+ ! use ( ! l& he %all be able to obta9 ! ord9>y pr(its ( trade4 ,let u accompany him 9 ^! calculations4 ,! l&lord op5s ! debate by nam+ ! r5t :i* he requires = ! f>m4 ,! "q = ! t5ant becomes1 ,c ! f>m af=d su* a r5t8 ,"h1 obvi\sly1 ! productive p[] ( ! soil w pres5t itself z ! fir/ & mo/ mom5t\s subject ( inquiry4 ,x is a productive ma*9e t ! f>m] is seek+ to hire4 ,! /r5g? ( t ma*9e1 its capacity to turn out mu* & good "w1 is ! great po9t to asc]ta94 ,! quality ( ! soil itself is cle>ly a mo/ important elem5t ( ! problem2 b x is f> f be+ ! only =ce :i* con/itutes ! productive p[] ( a f>m4 ,:at ! climate is at ! p>ticul> locality is a consid]ation ( great weight4 ,good l& 9 a ra9y di/rict w yield an inf]ior r5t to l& ( ! same quality "u a m g5ial sun & a dri] atmosph]e4 ,!n ! wat] connect$ ) ! f>m w come "u exam9ation4 ,w x be capable ( creat+ wat]-mead[s1 :i* h su* a lift+ p[] = r5t 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl&8 ,! f]tility1 too1 ( ! sev]al fields ( ! f>m w diff]4 ,! intellig5t t5ant w feel himself call$ ^u to e/imate :at am\nt ( crop1 :at quantity ( food = cattle1 ) 8 skill & capital1 he may reasonably expect to produce4 ,?is is ! basis ( ! :ole computation--! quantity & quality ( ! produce t he c fairly reckon on obta9+4 ,& he w n be gov]n$ solely by ! !n exi/+ /ate ( ! l&4 ,if he is an able agriculturi/1 he w =m a %rewd guess ( :at he w be able to make x yield by prop] treatm5t4 ,& x is v probable t he w pref] to pay a high r5t = good l& r ?an a l[] r5t = inf]ior soil1 because he may feel a well-f\nd$ confid5ce 9 8 own res\rces to "w up ! great] p[] ( a /rong1 if ev5 ob/9ate1 f>m to l>g] results4 ,hav+ complet$ ! fir/ /age1 & =m$ 8 e/imate ( ! crops & cattle :i* ! l& w yield1 ! t5ant w n[ address himself to ! v grave "q ( ! co/ :i* 8 manufactur+ indu/ry w entail4 ,"h he w enc\nt] =ces :i* pay small respect to ! beautiful symmetry ( hypo!tical economic sci5ce1 & (t5 influ5ce ! am\nt ( r5t f> m p[]fully ?an ! f]tility ( ! l&4 ,w 8 f>m be among/ ! light & sunny hills ( ,surrey2 or w x be emb$d$ 9 ! /ubborn clay ( ! ,sussex weald8 ,w he ne$ f\r horses or two only = ea* ( 8 pl\ghs8 ,! crop may be ! same = bo?1 b ! co/ w be widely diff]5t1 & may create mu* resi/ance to ! l&lord's r5t4 ,if he appeals to /eam-p[] = help1 he mu/ ask himself h[ f> (f he w be f ! coal-field1 h[ ne> to him w be ! /ation at :i* he w buy 8 coals4 ,s1 aga91 ) 8 manure4 ,w ! lime & ! m>l be close to 8 bord]s1 or mu/ he s5d 8 c>ts long di/ances to ! pit or ! railway8 ,!n comes ! s]i\s "q ( ! place :]e 8 buy]s dwell2 h[ f> he is f 8 m>ket2 :at exp5se ( c>riage he w be put to4 ,x may be 8 good =tune to be (f]$ a f>m 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 or "s great manufactur+ t[n4 ,a weighty r5t1 x is true1 may be dem&$ ( him1 ev5 "s t5 or fifte5 p\nds an acre2 b ?is w n ext+ui% ! attractiv5ess ( su* a f>m4 ,bett] m>kets1 abundant supplies ( manure1 cultivation by ! spade1 & high prices1 may possess high] claims 9 8 eyes ?an a small r5t 9 a rural region4 ,b ! comput+ f>m]'s ari?metic is n yet ov]2 he has v =midable figures /ill to face4 ,8 l& may be burd5$ ) heavy *>ges ( an exceptional k9d4 ,8 ti! may be unusually l>ge2 8 poor-rate peculi>ly sev]e2 & ! s*ool-rate may acutely try 8 temp] & 8 purse4 ,worse /ill1 agricultural wages 9 8 locality may be inord9ately high1 = wide are ! discrepancies betwe5 wages 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&1 & ! wor? ( ! wage may n be repaid by lab\r]s demoraliz$ by trade unions4 ,! long ari?metical array ( heavy burd5s w be duly not$ by ! incom+ t5ant1 & c>efully plac$ to ! debit ( ! debat$ r5t2 b "o ?+ he w n d--he w n se>* out ! position ( ! f>m (f]$ 9 ! brilliant s]ies ( asc5d+ f]tility1 & com=t himself ) ! reflection t economical sci5ce furni%es him ) ! assurance t a f>m /&+ s high above ! m>g9 ( cultivation mu/ necess>ily be able to pay ! r5t atta*$ to t position1 all ^! exceptional *>ges ( co/ ( production not)/&+4 ,"o item ( co/ /ill rema9s1 :i* ! intellig5t t5ant w inve/igate be=e he contracts to take ! f>m4 ,he w inquire into ! condition ( ! f>m--into ! outfit1 s to speak1 :i* x w require = ! full p]=mance ( ! "w :i* x is fitt$ to p]=m4 ,he w endeav\r to asc]ta9 ! am\nt ( dra9+ :i* has be5 effect$1 ! numb] & /ate ( ! f>m-build+s1 z well z ! am\nt ( unexhau/$ improvem5ts ( v>i\s k9ds :i* ei!r ! l&lord or ! previ\s t5ant has laid out ^u ! l&4 ,^! con/itute no real "p ( ! l&'s f]tility1 ?\gh !y increase its p[] to produce3 !y are fix$ capital 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ! agricultural bus9ess4 ,& "h x is important to note t ! t5ant w n inquire into ! am\nt ( money1 z su*1 :i* ! l&lord has sp5t ^u 8 l&4 ,he w n pay an additional p\nd ( r5t because ! l&lord c appeal to l>ge figures d5ot+ ! capital he has laid out on 8 fields4 ,?is1 by itself alone1 does n conc]n ! t5ant2 b x does conc]n him greatly to le>n ! actual condition ( ! f>m2 & beyond d\bt ! l&lord w be able to dem& increas$ r5t1 & ! t5ant w be p]fectly will+ to pay x1 to ! ext5t t ! outlay on dra9+ & o!r improvem5ts has augm5t$ ! actual produce ( ! f>m4 ,! t5ant looks solely to ! work+ p[] ( ! agricultural ma*9e & ! results :i* he may obta9 f x2 outside ( ?is consid]ation he takes no acc\nt ( :at outlay ! l&lord has incurr$1 any m ?an ( ! price :i* he has giv5 = ! prop]ty4 ,! t5ant w be well aw>e t if t ma*9]y does n exi/1 x mu/ be provid$ by means ( an und]/&+ ) ! l&lord1 necess>ily involv+ "s co/ = himself3 if he f9ds x on ! gr\nd & at "w1 he w set d[n 9 8 calculation an increas$ e/imate ( produce )\t any debit aga9/ r5t = co/ ( con/ruction--he w feel t he is hir+ a m p[]ful ma*9e4 ,! calculat+ t5ant has n[ =m$ an e/imate ( :at he may assume z ! am\nt ( produce :i* he c procure f ! f>m1 z also ( ! co/ :i* ! obta9+ ( t produce 9 ! giv5 locality w entail4 ,he ?us rea*es ! ?ird /age ( 8 inve/igation--! price :i* he may reckon on realiz+ = ! products he has rais$4 ,"h ! peculi> nature ( ! agricultural bus9ess reveals itself4 ,a man :o ent]s ^u a new indu/ry1 or erects a new mill1 or op5s a fre% m9e1 w n inquire = a p>ticul> price :i* he may adopt z ! basis ( 8 computations4 ,he w ?9k only ( ! ext5t ( ! dem& :i* exi/s = ! articles t he int5ds to manufacture4 ,if x is /rong & increas+1 he w feel sure t ! consum]s w repay ! :ole co/ ( production1 int]e/ & capital includ$1 & 9 addition ! legitimate pr(it atta*$ to ! bus9ess4 ,if he hires or buys ma*9]y1 he w pay ! price belong+ to x 9 its own m>ket z a manufactur$ article1 precisely z if he 7 mak+ pur*ases 9 %ops2 ! sell] ( a /eam-eng9e w n ask h[ mu* pr(it ! eng9e w create = ! factory4 ,no d\bt1 if a site mu/ be b\ght or hir$ = ! erection ( ! mill1 a high] price = ! l& w be enc\nt]$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! prosp]ity ( trade 9 ! p>ticul> t[n or di/rict2 b ! rate ( pr(it w n rise 9 ! discussion betwe5 ! l&[n] & ! trad]4 ,! price ( ! l& w be regulat$ by ! =ce ( ! exi/+ dem& = l&1 a dem& :i*1 ( c\rse1 w ga!r /r5g? f ! swell+ pr(its realiz$ 9 ! trade4 ,! position ( ! f>m] :o is seek+ to discov] :at is ! prop] consid]ation = ! hire ( a f>m is radically diff]5t f t ( an ord9>y manufactur]4 ,z all l& 9 ,engl& c be said to pay r5t1 x is cle> t its products are sold at su* a pr(it z enables ! t5ant to rew>d 8 l&lord = 8 loan4 ,! sale ( :at he makes is !re=e c]ta91 b ! price :i* x w fet* is any?+ b c]ta94 ,8 bus9ess is subject to influ5ces :i* v mat]ially affect ! quantity ( 8 products1 & /ill m ! prices :i* !y w comm&4 ,he is dom9at$ by ! seasons2 b x may be argu$ t _! fluctuations may be gu>d$ aga9/ by bas+ ! calculation on _! av]age "*4 ,! /atem5t is well f\nd$1 & e s5sible f>m] w take ! av]age season z 8 rule 9 comput+2 yet ev5 ! av]age season1 z rec5t exp]i5ce has too sadly %[n1 may sweep ov] a l>ge cycle ( ye>s ) v di/urb+ results4 ,b !re are o!r & v =midable difficulties :i* ! f>m] is call$ ^u to face4 ,! price :i* 8 produce w comm& dep5ds on =ces ( great & v>y+ p[] :i* are entirely beyond 8 own control1 & (t5 are incapable ( be+ e/imat$ be=eh&4 ,he is necess>ily met by =eign competition2 & t competition itself is /rong] or weak] accord+ to ! comm]cial position ( ! c\ntries :i* br+ x to be>4 ,fur!r1 ! /ate ( ! home m>ket itself _c be prejudg$4 ,! produce ( ,engli% l& w c]ta9ly be dem&$ & sold2 b its price is va/ly influ5c$ by ! prosp]ity or adv]sity ( ,engli% trade4 ,! rate1 = in/ance1 at :i* meat w be sold w v>y prodigi\sly accord+ z ! multitudes ( ,briti% workm5 are e>n+ high or l[ wages4 ,! =tunes ( =eign nations w weigh on ! cultivat+ f>m]2 !y are buy]s ( ,engli% w>es1 & _! f9ancial condition w act on ,briti% manufactures & recoil1 = good or evil1 on ,briti% agriculture4 ,! comb9$ action ( ^! manifold & div]se =ces g5]ates a special & v important effect4 ,x impr9ts on ! hire ( l& a di/9ct & unique feature ( its own2 x imp>ts its peculi> *>act]i/ic to r5t4 ,! position ( ! f>m] is n t ( a man engag$ 9 a bus9ess1 & buy+ or hir+ a ma*9e :i* is requir$ = c>ry+ x on2 x is r ! situation ( "o :o is exam9+ :e!r he c reasonably ent] ^u ! bus9ess at all4 ,"o feel+ gov]ns t situation2 ! t5ant mu/ be able to live by x by means ( a natural pr(it aft] all exp5ses h be5 repaid4 ,?us1 ! paym5t = ! use ( ! l& takes ! =m ( h&+ ov] to ! l&[n] all excess ( pr(it above ! fitt+ rew>d = ! f>m]4 ,?is seems manife/ly ! be/ me?od = giv+ ! requir$ security to ! t5ant1 :il/ x provides ! l5d] ( ! use ( ! l& a rew>d j 9 itself & compatible ) ! cont9u\s cultivation ( ! soil4 ,su* a sy/em is n unacceptable to ! l&lord2 he _c hope to ma9ta9 a fix$ r5t :i* ! returns yield$ by ! agricultural bus9ess d n furni%4 ,to insi/ ^u su* a condition w\ld be simply to compel ! f>m] to r5\nce ! f>m4 ,& he w n obta9 su* a r5t f any o!r t5ant2 = ! "o he dismisses has no o!r motive = leav+ except ! fact t ! f>m w n provide su* a r5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if he is dissatisfi$ ) ! r5t (f]$ by ! t5ant1 he has 9 ! competition ( t5ants desir\s ( hir+ ! f>m a sure te/ = asc]ta9+ :e!r ! (f] is j or defici5t4 ,x foll[s1 f ! prec$+ analysis1 t r5t dep5ds on ! prices realiz$ by agricultural produce comp>$ ) ! co/ ( _! production1 ! f>m+ pr(its includ$4 ,a high price does n 9 e case imply a correspond+ly high r5t1 = ! co/ ( rais+ agricultural produce v>ies imm5sely 9 diff]5t localities2 /ill1 z a rule1 elevat$ prices w raise up r5ts ) !m4 ,! same tru? holds good ( e bus9ess3 x mu/ yield repaym5t ( all co/ ( manufactur+1 & rew>d ! manufactur] ) ! necess>y pr(it1 or x w cease to exi/4 ,b agricultural price enc\nt]s two s]i\s emb>rassm5ts n to be f\nd to an equal degree 9 o!r trades4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 p[]fully act$ ^u by ! vicissitudes ( ! wea!r3 a b\ntiful h>ve/1 com+ 9 contact ) great comm]cial pr(its1 br+s a full & (t5 an augm5t$ price1 to ! great advantage ( ! f>m]2 a poor h>ve/1 fall+ on a depress$ trade1 (t5 fails to reap a price correspond+ ) ! dim9ution ( ! supply4 ,!re is b "o rem$y :]e) to meet ! fluctuations ( su* a m>ket--a rem$y1 un=tunately1 too little he$$ by mo/ f>m]s4 ,! great law ( ! av]age h>ve/ mu/ be ev] borne 9 m9d1 ought ev] to gov]n ! conduct ( ! intellig5t f>m]3 he is b\nd1 by ! v nature ( 8 bus9ess1 to res]ve ! excess ( pr(its ( ! good ye> to balance ! defici5t return ( ! fail+ crop4 ,8 r5t ought to be1 probably is1 f\nd$ on ?is pr9ciple2 8 practice (t5 exhibits pr(use self-indulg5ce "u ! temptations ( ! prosp]\s "t1 9 utt] ?\ghtlessness ab\t ! future4 ,we h n[ rea*$ ! full explanation ( r5t4 ,x is surplus pr(it--t is1 excess ( pr(it aft] ! repaym5t ( ! :ole co/ ( production1 beyond ! legitimate pr(it :i* belongs to ! t5ant z a manufactur] ( agricultural produce4 ,! int]e/ :i* he w\ld h reap$ f plac+ capital :i* he has devot$ to ! f>m 9 "s safe inve/m5t1 su* z consols or railway deb5tures1 =ms necess>ily a portion ( ! co/ ( production4 ,he w\ld h realiz$ "s #d p] c5t4 on ! inve/m5t )\t risk or ef=t ( any k9d4 ,?is int]e/ con/itutes no rew>d = engag+ 9 agriculture4 ,x rema9s n[ to consid] c]ta9 important consequ5ces :i* fl[ f ?is explanation ( r5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is evid5t t ?ree sep>ate incomes are d]iv$ f agriculture1 :il/ two only make _! appe>ance 9 all o!r indu/ries4 ,9 common ) !m agriculture furni%es rew>d or income = two classes ( p]sons--wages = lab\r]s & pr(it = ! employ]4 ,!re ! simil>ity ends4 ,a ?ird income makes its appe>ance = a ?ird p]son--r5t = ! l&lord4 ,?is r5t is n an ord9>y consid]ation = hir+ "s useful ma*9e2 if x 7 a comp5sation ( ?is nature1 x w\ld necess>ily take its place among/ ! items compos+ ! co/ ( production4 ,x is a "p ( ! pr(it won1 dep5d5t 9 no way on ! value ( ! prop]ty nor on ! price at :i* x 0 b\ght1 b purely & simply on ! degree ( ! pr(it realiz$4 ,x is a "p ( t pr(it1 e/imat$ & paid z :at rema9s ov]--a surplus4 ,b h[ comes x to pass t an ord9>y manufacture does n yield or pay any su* ?ird income8 ,= a simple & decisive reason4 ,a ,man*e/] manufactur] _c p]man5tly e>n a high] pr(it ?an belongs to 8 trade4 ,if we suppose #aj p] c5t4 to be ! natural pr(it ( t trade1 & he p]si/5tly realizes #ah1 o!r mills w be op5$ by new m5 ent]+ into ! bus9ess1 & ?is process w be cont9u$ till 8 pr(its are r$uc$ to _! legitimate level4 ,x is o!rwise ) f>m+4 ,if a t5ant reaps #aj p] c5t4 cont9u\sly f 8 f>m1 :5 competitors are will+ to be cont5t ) #h1 ! l&lord w quickly make ! discov]y1 & w add ! surplus #b to ! r5t he requires4 ,he w obta9 ! income1 because #h p] c5t4 is judg$ by ! f>m+ _w to be an adequate rew>d = engag+ 9 agriculture1 & because no additional l& is to be f\nd = ! agricultural bus9ess4 #b4 ,x is cle> t ti!s1 poor-rates1 & o!r p]man5t *>ges1 fall ^u ! l&lord's r5t1 & n on ! f>m]'s pr(it4 ,!y dim9i% r5t4 ,?is is a po9t on :i* mu* misund]/&+ prevails4 ,a l\d outcry is rais$ among/ t5ants at ?is "t ( agricultural suff]+ aga9/ ! heavy paym5ts dem&$ ( !m = special taxes impos$ ^u l&2 a /rong agitation is ris+ to obta9 _! repeal1 z be+ unju/ifiable wrongs inflict$ on ! mo/ m]itori\s ( indu/ries4 ,x is n p]ceiv$ t ^! *>ges figur$ z items 9 ! co/ ( production :5 ! f>m] 0 calculat+ :at r5t ! f>m w\ld w>rant him to pay3 !y dim9i%$ ! r5t at ! co/ ( ! l&lord4 ,ti!s & rates took _! places 9 ! e/imate ( ! debit side q z really z ! numb] ( horses1 or ! quantity ( manure1 :i* ! f>m w\ld require4 ,we h se5 t r5t makes its appe>ance only aft] e exp5se has be5 provid$ =1 & a legitimate pr(it secur$2 !n1 & n till !n1 ! calculation ( ! r5t beg9s4 ,if ! f>m+ _w succe$s 9 remov+ ^! burd5s1 :olly or 9 "p1 f ! %\ld]s ( ! t5ants1 !re c be no d\bt t r5ts w proportionately rise4 ,! l&lords w\ld argue1 ) entire ju/ice1 t all o!r circum/ances rema9+ ! same1 ! collective f>m+ pr(it _h become l>g] by ! disappe>ance ( ^! taxes1 & z ! t5ant 0 entitl$ only to 8 natural rate ( pr(it1 ! increase ( surplus w\ld legitimately belong to him4 ,if ! t5ant repell$ su* a claim1 ! l&lord w\ld be easily able to obta9 ! r5t he claim$ f compet+ f>m]s :o w\ld be satisfi$ ) ! natural pr(it ( ! bus9ess4 ,"o exception1 h[ev]1 mu/ be all[$ to ?is conclusion--! case1 namely1 ( a t5ant :o1 ^u a long lease1 _h contract$ to pay a def9ite r5t = _m ye>s4 ,su* a t5ant has tak5 ^u himself ! *ances ( ! co/ ( production dur+ a l5g!n$ p]iod1 x may be n9ete5 or tw5ty-"o ye>s1 be+ l>g] or small]4 ,if x dim9i%es dur+ ! int]val1 he ga9s3 if x increases1 he loses4 ,practically he has insur$ ! l&lord's r5t1 dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! lease1 aga9/ dim9ution4 ,= all increase or dim9ution ( rates he f>es z if he 7 ! l&lord4 #c4 ,a ?ird v important d$uction foll[s f ! nature ( ! process :i* det]m9es r5t4 ,r5t does n increase ! price ( agricultural produce2 x does n make bread de>]4 ,r5t is ! consequ5ce1 n ! creator1 ( price4 ,"h ! diff]5ce betwe5 agriculture & manufactur+ trades is vital4 ,! hire or pur*ase ( ma*9]y =ms necess>ily a "p ( ! co/ ( manufactur+ ! goods3 x mu/ be paid = by ! price realiz$1 or ! goods w n be made4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! consid]ation to be giv5 = ! use ( ! l& does n ent] into ! t5ant's e/imate ( 8 co/ ( production4 ,he does n direct 8 inquiry to ! "r r5t till aft] he has asc]ta9$ :at ! f>m w produce1 ! co/ ( obta9+ x1 & ! price x w fet*4 ,he !n discov]s :at ! pr(it w be3 f x he takes 8 own necess>y %>e2 :at is ov] he h&s to ! l&lord z r5t4 ,he does n1 l ! manufactur]1 insi/ ^u a price :i* mu/ be obta9$1 = o!rwise he w\ld n be able to pay = ! use ( ! ma*9e he borr[s2 he simply takes ! price :i* he f9ds 9 ! m>ket1 makes himself reasonably sure ( ! pr(it :i* rew>ds him1 & ! l&lord mu/ take ! *ance ( :at r5t w rema9 ov]1 :e!r l>ge or small4 ,r5t exi/s because a sell+ price is f\nd :i* yields a surplus1 an excess ( pr(it beyond :at ! t5ant requires4 ,if price gives no surplus pr(it1 ! l&lord w get no r5t1 & he mu/ f>m ! l& himself1 or sell x to a f>m]4 ,b !re is a peculi>ity 9 ! agricultural m>ket :i* ex]cises a v p[]ful influ5ce 9 rais+ r5ts4 ,mo/ manufactur$ articles c be disp5s$ )1 or _! consumption greatly less5$1 if _! co/ ( production is l>gely increas$1 or ! means ( buy+ dim9i%$4 ,x is o!rwise ) food3 x mu/ be _h1 mu/ be b\ght1 if any means ( pur*as+ x exi/4 ,! effect ( ?is =ce on a c\ntry situat$ l ,engl& is v m>k$4 ,engl& _c supply food = m ?an half ( h] population2 ! o!r half mu/ be procur$ f abroad4 ,n[1 ! pr9ciple :i* gov]ns ! price ( indisp5sable food is ! law1 t ! price paid = ! de>e/ article--say1 a loaf ( bread--:i* mu/ & w be b\ght1 w impose itself on all l articles :i* are actually pur*as$4 ,:5 ! loaf made 9 ,engl& 0 *eap] ?an any import$ f abroad1 !n ! price ( ! ,engli% loaf rose to ! price ( ! de>e/ =eign loaves :i* 7 sold & pur*as$ 9 ! ,engli% m>kets4 ,?is extra-addition ( price 0 a pure surplus ( pr(it receiv$ by ! ,engli% gr[] ( :eat2 ! co/ ( production 0 n *ang$1 nor 8 requirem5t ( pr(it = himself augm5t$4 ,! ga9 he ?us realiz$1 be+ absolutely surplus pr(it1 pass$ to ! l&[n]4 ,! ne$ ( =eign corn rais$ 8 r5t4 ,b ! picture has a rev]se side4 ,x may well happ5 t ! =eign corn l&$ 9 ,engl& w be saleable at a l[] price ?an ! ,engli%4 ,if ! supply c be furni%$ 9 suffici5t quantity to provide bread en\gh = all ,engl&1 ! ,engli% corn 9 t case mu/ inevitably s9k to ! level ( ! =eign--its price w fall1 ! pr(it realiz$ on its sale may indef9itely s9k1 & a great r$uction ( r5ts ?r\gh\t ,engl& may well be ! inevitable consequ5ce4 ,! only weapon :]e) to fight (f ! disa/] w\ld be su* a modification ( ,briti% agriculture z w\ld lead to ! cultivation ( o!r crops ?an :eat4 ,"h x seems desirable to notice briefly "s rem>ks address$ by ,pr(essor ,?orold ,rog]s to ! ,daily ,news1 ( ,octob] #cj?1 #ahgi2 = ?\gh !y are 9 ! ma9 true1 !y might easily give rise to mis*iev\s misconception4 ,he writes--,!re is no d\bt t r5t is weal? to ! recipi5t1 & a means ( pr(it to ^? :o trade ) ! recipi5t2 b except 9 s f> z x repres5ts ! advantage\s outlay ( capital1 x is no m national weal? ?an ! public funds are4 ,surely ?is is to ignore ! fact t ! s\rces f :i* r5t & ! divid5ds on ! public funds are d]iv$ diff] radically 9 nature4 ,! divid5ds on consols are ! fruit ( taxes levi$ on ! :ole p ( ,engl&1 & di/ribut$ z su* to national cr$itors1 :i* !y may consume z !y please4 ,r5t is "p ( a pr(it e>n$ by an indu/ry useful to ! c\ntry4 ,a tax & a pr(it are n necess>ily ! same ?+4 ,no d\bt a pr(it swoll5 by a monopoly price is equival5t to a tax3 & a r5t d]iv$ f ! price ( ! produce ( l&1 rais$ by excessive dem& & /9t$ supply1 w\ld be a =c$ contribution f consum]s4 ,b is all r5t ! *ild ( monopoly8 ,may x n well happ51 does x n con/antly happ51 t r5ts are high by ! side ( *eap corn1 because ! agricultural bus9ess is l>gely productive ?r\gh ef=ts made by l&lords 9 improv+ ! p[]s ( ! soil8 ,are !y to be limit$ d[n 9 _! rew>d to ! pure int]e/ :i* !y c\ld h obta9$ = _! capital f inve/m5ts 9 bonds & deb5tures8 ,is n "p ( ! pr(it realiz$ legitimately due to !m1 z pr(it accompli%$ by a comm]cial ent]prise8 ,if ! returns on improvem5ts made by l&[n]s on _! e/ates 7 limit$ to ! int]e/ :i* !y c\ld h obta9$ f consols1 w\ld n ! motive = mak+ su* improvem5ts be sadly want+8 ,x w\ld s\nd /range 9 great manufactur+ t[ns to be told t fl[+ pr(its are no increase ( ! public weal?1 t !y are taxes resembl+ ! public funds1 & mu/ be swept away d[n to ! l[e/ sum compatible ) ! exi/5ce ( ! indu/ry4 ,& :at mu/ be said ( ! ugly ^w1 monopoly1 :i* is s freely flung aga9/ ! own]s ( r5t8 ,!re is a s\nd ( unfairness 9 x2 ( une>n$ ga9s won )\t ef=t f ! =tunes ( o!rs4 ,h[ is su* a reproa* to be repell$8 ,to p>ry ! bl[ does n seem to be s difficult4 ,!re is1 inde$1 a k9d ( monopoly :i* is susceptible ( no def5ce1 a monopoly ( manufacture conf]r$ on a fav\r$ few1 by ! arbitr>y decree ( ! law1 f\nd$ on no sup]ior claim ( m]it or capacity1 & result+ 9 inflat$ prices & inf]iority ( s]vice r5d]$4 ,su* 7 ! monopolies ^: abolition an indignant public op9ion extort$ f ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,b a sup]ior advantage ( production or sale atta*$ by nature to p>ticul> individuals or societies belongs to a :olly diff]5t class4 ,life is full ( su* monopolies4 ,!y are inh]5t & inde/ructible4 ,! v9ey>ds ( ,france possess a monopoly ( incomp>able w9e :i* w = all "t e>n amaz+ pr(its paid by volunt>y buy]s4 ,engl& enjoys a l monopoly 9 ! juxtaposition ( h] coal & iron1 :i* h creat$ a trade t no o!r nation c rival4 ,! eloqu5t b>ri/]1 ! acute physician1 ! brilliant arti/1 ! quick-ey$ inv5tor ( ma*9es1 ! s\l-/irr+ s+]1 all are end[$ ) a p]sonal monopoly result+ 9 great weal?4 ,are ! m5 & nations :o reap ! spl5did fruit ( su* a sup]iority to be /igmatiz$ z despoil]s ( _! fell[-citiz5s8 ,is r5t1 ! (fspr+ ( a l advantage1 to be pa9t$ z a tribute exact$ f fell[-c\ntrym5 compell$ to buy food8 ,b x w be said1 *ange ! t5ure ( ! l&1 & ! wrong w disappe>4 ,b :at sy/em w cle> away sup]ior produce & increas$ price8 ,c]ta9ly n a univ]sal peasant-proprietor class4 ,su* peasants w\ld /ill possess ! comm& ( high] prices conf]r$ by f]tility & situation1 & by means ( su* prices !y w\ld ga!r up swoll5 pr(its :i* w\ld 9 reality be r5t4 ,!n let ! l& be own$ by ! :ole community 9 common possession1 exclaim ,fr5* ,sociali/s1 & let its fruits be di/ribut$ 9 equal %>es to e inhabitant4 ,b ev5 9 su* an extreme case x w\ld be impossible to efface monopoly4 ,! able-bodi$ man :o receiv$ ! same %>e ( produce z ! weak dw>f1 ! clev] artisan :o 0 unable to e>n a special rew>d = 8 fructify+ intellig5ce1 w\ld inevitably reap a dim9ution ( lab\r & "t4 ,8 high] faculties w\ld e>n a monopoly b5efit 9 leisure4 ,! conclusion to be drawn is evid5t4 ,nature has scatt]$ monopolies broadca/1 high] pr(its1 ov] ! _w4 ,%e has orda9$ t !y %all ev] exi/4 ,x is futile to /igmatize r5t z an exceptional (f5d] aga9/ equality4 #d4 ,f9ally1 "o m tru? comes =? f ?is explanation1 :i* has a mo/ important be>+ on ! effici5t cultivation ( l&4 ,! l&[n] & ! t5ant are jo9t p>tn]s 9 a common bus9ess4 ,!y %>e a common pr(it--! fir/ portion belongs to ! f>m]1 ! rema9d] to ! l&lord4 ,!y are bo? int]e/$ 9 promot+ ! success ( ! agriculturi/4 ,if ! cultivation ( ! soil ?rives ev5 "u ! %orte/ leases1 ! r5t is n quickly rais$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! ris+ pr(it--:il/ "u a long lease v consid]able ga9s may be won be=e a new settlem5t ( ! r5t c come up = discussion4 ,?is p>tn]%ip br+s a p[]ful motive to act on ! l&lord to give help 9 develop+ ! effici5cy ( ! f>m+4 ,he kn[s t if he inve/s capital 9 dra9+ & o!r improvem5ts1 he increases ! productive p[] ( 8 l&1 he is lay+ ! f\ndation ( enl>g$ results1 & he _c fail to p]ceive t l& ?us improv$ mu/ yield a bigg] pr(it1 ( :i* ! surplus "p1 ! r5ts1 mu/ necess>ily be great]4 ,?us1 an important b5efit is acquir$1 n only = ! jo9t p>tn]s1 b also = ! :ole population ( ! c\ntry4 ,su* processes g5]ate m abundant & *eap] food4 ,! l&lord :o nev] visits 8 f>ms1 nev] ?9ks ( !m except on r5t day1 is bl9d to 8 own int]e/1 is =gett+ t own]%ip ( l& is a p>tn]%ip 9 a bus9ess4 ,he neglects 8 own enri*m5t1 & leaves ne$$ res\rces = ! nation unus$4 ,! active & intellig5t l&lord1 on ! contr>y1 wat*es ! m>* ( agriculture4 ,he obs]ves :]e ! ma*9e1 ! soil1 requires improvem5t1 he notices ! f>m+ qualities ( ! t5ant1 he lives on fri5dly relations ) him1 & delib]ates ) him on exp&+ ! productive p[] ( ! f>m4 ,8 r5t becomes l>g]--n only by obta9+ int]e/ on ! capital laid out1 b also by %>+ 9 ! additional pr(it :i* t capital is sure to eng5d]2 & t addition w n be grudg$ by ! t5ant4 ,he1 too1 w h prosp]$ by ! help ( m p[]ful ma*9]y 9 8 trade1 = he is c]ta9 ( gett+ an augm5t$ pr(it f ! capital laid out by ! l&lord4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! sy/em ( l&-rev5ue :i* prevails 9 ,engl&1 "o m]it x c]ta9ly possesses3 x t5ds to br+ ! capital ( a weal?y l&[n] to take "p 9 enl>g+ ! p[] ( ! l& & ! am\nt ( its produce4 ,,bonamy ,,price4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ,pr(essor ,jevons 9 8 ,prim] ( ,political ,economy %\ld h omitt$ 9 8 explanation ( r5t ! action ( ! =ces :i* ,ric>do & ,mill sum up 9 ! ^w situation4 ,he affirms t r5t arises f ! fact t diff]5t pieces ( l& are n equally f]tile1 & t ! r5t ( bett] l& consi/s ( ! surplus ( its produce ov] t ( ! poore/ cultivat$ l&4 ,h[ is x !n t inf]ior l& ne> great t[ns pays a mu* high] r5t ?an v good l& 9 ! he>t ( a rural di/rict1 f> away f railways or canals1 burd5$ ) high poor-rates1 & sorely 9 want ( lime or o!r di/ant manures8 ,ric>do himself admits1 & s does ,mill1 t if all l&s 7 equally f]tile1 &1 x may be add$1 equally well situat$ z to o!r =ces1 !y w\ld /ill pay r5t to _! own]s4 ,,buddhism ,,& ,,ja9ism4 ,9 previ\s pap]s ,i h trac$ ! progress ( ,indian religi\s ?\ght ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages ( ,v$ism1 ,brahmanism1 ,vai%navism1 ,saivism1 & ,saktism1 & h po9t$ out t all ^! sy/ems m or less run into1 & 9 a mann] ov]lap1 "o ano!r4 ,we h se5 t among ! primitive ,aryans ! air1 ! fire1 & ! sun1 7 believ$ to conta9 )9 !mselves my/]i\s & irresi/ible =ces1 capable ( effect+ trem5d\s results ei!r = good or evil4 ,!y 7 !re=e p]sonifi$1 deifi$1 & wor%ipp$4 ,"s reg>d$ !m z manife/ations ( "o ,supreme ,controll] ( ! ,univ]se2 o!rs z sep>ate cosmical div9ities ) sep>ate p[]s & attributes4 ,if ! religion ( ! anci5t ,indo-,aryans 0 a =m ( ,!ism1 x 0 a ,!ism ( a v unc]ta9 & unsettl$ "*4 ,x 0 a religi\s cre$ bas$ on a vague belief 9 ! sov]eignty ( unse5 natural =ces4 ,su* a cre$ might fairly be call$ mono!ism1 h5o!ism1 poly!ism1 or pan!ism1 accord+ to ! p>ticul> /&po9t f :i* x is reg>d$4 ,b x 0 n1 9 its e>lie/ orig91 idolatry4 ,its simple ritual 0 ! natural outcome ( ea* man's e>ne/ ef=t to express devotional feel+s 9 8 own way4 ,unhappily x did n long reta9 its simplicity4 ,! ,brahmans soon took advantage ( ! gr[? ( religi\s ideas among a p naturally pi\s & sup]/iti\s4 ,!y gradually cumb]$ ! simplicity ( wor%ip ) elaborate c]emonial4 ,!y p]suad$ ! p t propitiatory (f]+s ( all k9ds 7 ne$$ to secure ! fav\r ( ! be+s !y wor%ipp$1 & t su* sacrifices c\ld n be p]=m$ )\t ! repetition ( pray]s by a regul>ly orda9$ & tra9$ prie/hood4 ,b ?is 0 n all4 ,!y develop$ & =mulat$ a pan!i/ic philosophy1 bas$ on ! physiolatry ( ! ,v$a1 & ov]laid x ) subtle metaphysical & ontological speculations4 ,!y id5tifi$ ! ,supreme ,be+ ) all ! ph5om5a ( ,nature1 & ma9ta9$ t ! ,brahmans !mselves 7 8 pr9cipal human manife/ation1 ! sole repositories & expon5ts ( all religi\s & philosophical tru?1 ! sole m$iators betwe5 e>? & heav51 ! sole l9k betwe5 m5 & gods4 ,?is comb9ation ( ritualism & philosophy1 :i* toge!r con/itut$ :at is commonly call$ ,brahmanism1 gradually sup]s$$ ! simple =ms ( ,v$ic religion4 ,9 process ( "t1 h[ev]1 ! extravagance ( ,brahmanical c]emonial1 & ! tyranny ( prie/craft1 l$ to repeat$ reactions4 ,ef=ts aft] simplicity ( wor%ip & fre$om ( ?\ght 7 made by v>i\s en]getic religi\s lead]s at v>i\s p]iods4 ,m ?an "o re=m] arose1 :o attempt$ to deliv] ! p f ! bondage ( a complex c]emonial1 & ! intol]able incubus ( an arrogant sac]dotalism4 ,x 0 natural t ! mo/ successful opposition to prie/craft %\ld h orig9at$ 9 ! ca/e next 9 rank to ! ,brahmans4 ,gautama 7aft]w>ds call$ ! ,buddha7 0 a man ( ! milit>y class 7,k%atriya74 ,he 0 ! son ( a petty *ief :o rul$ ov] a small pr9cipality call$ ,kapila-va/u1 nor? ( ! ,ganges2 b he 0 n ! sole orig9ator ( ! reaction>y movem5t4 ,he _h1 9 all probability1 be5 prec$$ by o!r less conspicu\s social re=m]s1 & o!r lead]s ( sceptical inquiry4 ,or o!r su* lead]s may h be5 contemporane\s ) himself4 ,we h already po9t$ out t ! philosophy he enunciat$ 0 n 9 its g5]al scope & be>+ v diff]5t f t ( ,brahmanism4 ,! ,brahmans call$ _! sy/em ( doctr9es ,dh>ma1#a & ! ,buddha call$ 8 by ! same "n4 ,he recognis$ no di/+ui%+ t]m l ,buddhism4 ,8 simple aim 0 to remove e m]ely sac]dotal doctr9e f ! national religion--to cut away e useless excresc5ce1 & to sweep away e corrupt+ incru/ation4 ,8 own doctr9es ( lib]ty1 equality1 & g5]al b5evol5ce t[>ds all creatures1 ensur$ ! popul>ity ( 8 tea*+2 :ile ! example he himself set ( asceticism & self-mortification1 secur$ him a l>ge numb] ( devot$ p]sonal adh]5ts4 ,= x is rem>kable t j z ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ,himself a ,jew1 & requir$ none ( ,8 foll[]s to give up _! true ,jewi% cre$1 or ,jewi% usages1 s ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism 0 himself a ,h9du1 & did n require 8 adh]5ts to give up e ess5tial pr9ciple ( ord9>y ,h9duism1 or r5\nce all ! religi\s obs]vances ( _! ance/ors4#b ,yet x _c be d5i$ t ,buddhism 0 v diff]5t f ,brahmanism1 & x is a rem>kable fact t1 ) all 8 p]sonal popul>ity1 ! a!i/ic philosophy ( ,gautama 0 unsuit$ to ! masses ( ! p4 ,8 negations1 ab/ractions1 & !ories ( ! non-et]nity & ultimate ext9ction ( s\l1 nev] comm5d$ !mselves to ! popul> m9d4 ,x seem$1 inde$1 probable t ,buddhism 0 de/9$ to become ext9ct ) its f\nd]4 ,! ,buddha di$1 l o!r m51 &1 accord+ to 8 own doctr9e1 became absolutely ext9ct4 ,no?+ rema9$ b ! relics ( 8 burnt body1 :i* 7 di/ribut$ 9 all directions4 ,no successor 0 ready to /ep into 8 place4 ,no liv+ repres5tative 0 compet5t to fill up ! void caus$ by 8 dea?4 ,no?+ seem$ m unlikely ?an t ! m]e recollection ( 8 tea*+ & example1 ?\gh p]petuat$ by ! rapid multiplication ( %r9es1 symbols1 & images ( 8 p]son1#c %\ld h p[] to secure ! cont9uance ( 8 sy/em 9 8 own native c\ntry = m ?an t5 c5turies1 & to dissem9ate 8 doctr9es ov] ! great] "p ( ,asia4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! secret ( its p]man5ce & diffusion8 ,x really _h no true p]man5ce4 ,buddhism nev] liv$ on 9 its fir/ =m1 & nev] spread any:]e )\t tak+ f o!r sy/ems q z mu* z x imp>t$4 ,! tol]ant _s :i* 0 its *ief di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic p]mitt$ its adh]5ts to please !mselves 9 adopt+ extrane\s doctr9es4 ,h5ce x happ5$ t ! ,buddhi/s 7 always ready to acquiesce 91 & ev5 con=m to1 ! religi\s practices ( ! c\ntries to :i* !y migrat$1 & to clo! _! own simple cre$ 91 s to speak1 a _m-col\r$ ve/ure ( popul> leg5ds & sup]/iti\s ideas4 ,ev5 9 ,india1 :]e ! ,buddha's memory cont9u$ to be p]petuat$ by /rong p]sonal recollections & local associations1 z well z by relics1 symbols1 & images1 8 doctr9es rapidly lo/ _! di/9ctive "*1 & ultimately1 z we h already %[n1 m]g$ 9 ! ,brahmanism :5ce !y orig9ally sprang4 ,nor is !re any hi/orical evid5ce to prove t ! ,buddhi/s 7 f9ally driv5 out ( ,india by viol5t means4 ,d\btless1 occasional p]secutions occurr$ 9 p>ticul> places at v>i\s times1 & x is well asc]ta9$ t fanatical1 en?usia/ic ,brahmans1 su* z ,kumarila & ,sank>a1 occasionally in/igat$ de$s ( blood & viol5ce4 ,b ! f9al disappe>ance ( ,buddhism is probably due to ! fact t ! two sy/ems1 in/ead ( engag+ 9 con/ant conflict1 7 gradually drawn t[>ds ea* o!r by mutual sympa?y & attraction2 & t1 orig9ally relat$ l fa!r & *ild1 !y end$ by consort+ toge!r 9 unnatural union & int]c\rse4 ,! result ( ?is union 0 ! production ( ! hybrid sy/ems ( ,vai%navism & ,saivism1 bo? ( :i* 9 _! l9eam5ts be> a /rong family resemblance to ,buddhism4 ,! di/9ctive names ( ,buddhism 7 dropp$1 b ! di/9ctive features ( ! sy/em surviv$4 ,! ,vai%navas 7 ,buddhi/s 9 _! doctr9es ( lib]ty & equality1 9 _! ab/95ce f injury 7a-h9sa71 9 _! desire = ! pres]vation ( life1 9 _! h]o-wor%ip1 deification ( humanity1 & fondness = images2 :ile ! ,saivas 7 ,buddhi/s 9 _! love = self-mortification & au/]ity1 z well z 9 _! sup]/iti\s dread ( ! p[] ( demoniacal ag5cies4 ,:at1 !n1 became ( ! a!i/ical philosophy & agno/ic mat]ialism ( ! ,buddhi/ic cre$8 ,^? doctr9es 7 no m expell$ f ,india ?an 7 o!r ,buddhi/ic ideas4 ,!y f\nd a home1 "u *ang$ names1 among v>i\s sects1 b especially 9 a k9dr$ sy/em :i* has surviv$ to ! pres5t day1 & may be conv5i5tly call$ ,ja9ism4#d ,"h1 !n1 we are br\ght face to face ) ! special subject ( our pres5t pap]3 ,:at are ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ! ,ja9a cre$8 ,to give an exhau/ive reply to su* a "q w sc>cely be possible until ! sacr$ books ( ,buddhi/s & ,ja9as 7or1 z !y are commonly call$1 ,ja9s7 h be5 m ?or\ghly inve/igat$4 ,all t ,i c d at pres5t is to give a g5]al outl9e ( ,ja9a doctr9es1 & to indicate ! pr9cipal po9ts 9 :i* !y ei!r agree ) or diff] f ^? ( ,buddhi/s & ,brahmans4#d ,p]haps ! fir/ po9t to :i* att5tion may be direct$ is t rec5t inve/igations h t5d$ to %[ t ,buddhism & ,ja9ism 7 n relat$ to ea* o!r z p>5t & *ild1 b r z *ildr5 ( a common p>5t1 born at diff]5t int]vals1 ?\gh at ab\t ! same p]iod ( "t1 & m>k$ by di/9ct *>act]i/ics1 ?\gh possess+ a /rong family resemblance4 ,bo? ^! sy/ems1 9 fact1 7 ! product ( ,brahmanical rationali/ic ?\ght1 :i* 0 itself a *ild ( ,brahmanism4 ,bo? 7 =ms ( mat]iali/ic philosophy eng5d]$ f sep>ate k9dr$ g]ms4 ,= !re c be no d\bt t diff]5t l9es ( philosophical speculation 7 develop$ by ! ,brahmans at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,all su* speculations 7 reg>d$ by !m z legitimate phases ( _! own religi\s sy/em4 ,9 "s localities :]e ,brahmanism 0 /rong & dom9ant1 rationalism 0 re/ra9$ )9 or?odox limits4 ,9 o!r places x div]g$ into unor?odox sceptical inquiries4 ,9 o!rs into rank h]esy & s*ism4 ,buddhism & ,ja9ism repres5t$ diff]5t s*ools ( h]etical philosophical speculation :i* 7 9 all likelihood ne>ly syn*ron\s 9 _! orig94 ,t is to say1 ,gautama1 ! f\nd] ( ,buddhism1 & ,parsvana?a1 ! probable f\nd] ( ,ja9ism1 may h liv$ ab\t ! same "t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,india4 ,nor is x unreasonable to conjecture t bo? ^! free?9k]s may h foll[$ closely on ,kapila1 ! reput$ f\nd] ( ! ,sankhya sy/em & typical repres5tative ( rationali/ic ,brahmanism4#e ,by f> ! mo/ popul> ( ! ?ree 0 ,gautama1 commonly call$ ! ,buddha4 ,! influ5ce ( 8 p]sonal "*1 comb9$ ) ! extraord9>y p]suasiv5ess ( 8 tea*+1 0 irresi/ible4 ,8 sy/em spread ) 8 foll[]s & admir]s 9 e direction1 & ?rew all k9dr$ sy/ems into ! %ade4 ,v soon ,buddhi/ic doctr9es leav5$ ! religions ( ! :ole ,indian p59sula1 f ,afghani/an to ,ceylon4 ,!y f\nd _! way into e home4 ,!y became dome/icat$ 9 ! cottages ( peasants & palaces ( k+s4 ,z to ,ja9ism1 c5turies elaps$ be=e x em]g$ f ! obscurity to :i* ! great] popul>ity ( ,buddhism _h consign$ x4 ,nor1 ev5 :5 its rival 0 ext+ui%$1 did x ev] rise above ! rank ( an insignificant sect4 ,at pres5t ! total numb] ( ,ja9as 9 all ,india does n exce$ #djj1jjj1 at lea/ half ( :om are f\nd 9 ! ,bombay ,presid5cy4 ,yet x is n impossible t ! fir/ opposition to sac]dotalism may h be5 due to ,ja9a influ5ces1 & t ,indian rationali/ic speculation may h be5 inaugurat$ by e>ly ,ja9a lead]s4 ,we "k t ! ,buddhi/ k+ ,zoka1 9 8 inscriptions--:i* are ref]r$ to ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4--m5tions ! ,ja9as "u ! "n ( ,nirgran?a1 z if well e/abli%$ & well kn[n 9 8 "t4 ,we "k1 too1 :at has happ5$ 9 our own c\ntry4 ,n long ago !re 0 a reaction f extreme ,evangelical religi\s ?\ght 9 ,engl&4 ,b because t reaction>y movem5t is call$ by ! "n ( a p>ticul> lead]1 x by no means foll[s t he 0 *ronologically ! fir/ to set x 9 action4 ,9 ! same way x may possibly turn out to be a fact t ! ,ja9a ,parsvana?a1 r ?an ! ,buddha ,gautama1 0 ! fir/ excogitator ( ! h]etical ideas & !ories common to bo?4 ,x seems to me1 inde$1 n improbable t ,ja9ism1 :i* is n[ at l5g? assimilat+ itself to ,h9duism1 ma9ta9$ its gr\nd m p]si/5tly 9 ,india1 n only because1 unlike ,buddhism1 x sull5ly refus$ to frat]nize ) ,brahmanism1 & to c\rt conv]ts f o!r cre$s1 b because ! l9es ( dem>cation :i* sep>at$ x f ! or?odox sy/em 7 9 "s ess5tial po9ts m %>p & decid$ ?an ^? :i* sep>at$ ,buddhism4 ,x is1 at any rate1 a fact t ! ,ja9as claim = _! sy/em a prior orig9 to t ( ,buddhism1 & ev5 affirm t ,gautama ,buddha 0 a pupil ( _! *ief ,j9a1 ,mahavira4 ,nor w x surprise u t ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ,mahavira1 :o succe$$ ,p>svana?a1 & 0 ! fir/ real propagator ( ! ,ja9a cre$1 fav\rs ! !ory ( su* a priority4 ,true1 ,mahavira is describ$ z ! son ( ,siddhar?a1 :i* is an epi!t giv5 to ! ,buddha4 ,b he is also said to h _h a pupil nam$ ,gautama1 & 8 dea? is fix$ by ! concurr5t te/imony ( bo? p>ties ( ,ja9as1 :o foll[ diff]5t reckon+s1 at a date correspond+ to ab\t ,b4,c4 #ebf or #ebg1 ! usual date assign$ by mod]n rese>* to ! ,nirvana or dea? ( ,buddha be+ #dgg or #dgh4 ,b x mu/ n be suppos$ t ,parsvana?a & 8 successor ,mahavira1 are reg>d$ by ! ,ja9as z _! fir/ supreme ,j9as4 ,!y 7 prec$$ by tw5ty-two o!r my?ical lead]s & patri>*s1 beg9n+ ) ,ri%abha1#f ^: fabul\s lives protract$ to millions ( ye>s1 & ^: fabul\s /atures1 proportionally ext5d$1 7 probably inv5t$ 9 rec5t times1 t ! ,ja9a sy/em might n be outdone by t ( ei!r ,brahmans or ,buddhi/s4 ,x is well kn[n t ! code ( ,manu--:i* is ! be/ expon5t ( ,brahmanism--supposes a con/ant succession ( religi\s guides ?r\gh an inf9ite succession ( cycles4 ,^! cycles are call$ ,kalpas4 ,e ,kalpa or on ( "t beg9s ) a new creation1 & ends ) a univ]sal dissolution ( all exi/+ ?+s--includ+ ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 ,siva1 gods1 demons1 m51 & animals--into ,brahm7a1 or ! ,"o sole imp]sonal self-exi/5t ,s\l ( ! ,univ]se4 ,9 ! int]val betwe5 ea* creation & dissolution !re are f\rte5 p]iods1 presid$ ov] by f\rte5 successive patri>*s or prog5itors ( ! human race call$ ,manus1 :o1 z _! "n implies1 are ! au?ors ( all human wisdom1 & :o create a succession ( ,sages & ,sa9ts 7,ri%is & ,munis71 = mank9d's guidance & in/ruction4 ,! ,buddhi/s1 also1 h _! cycles ( "t1 presid$ ov] by tw5ty-f\r ,buddhas1 or 'p]fectly enlight5$ m51' ,gautama be+ 7accord+ to ! ,nor!rn reckon+7 ! sev5? ( ! s]ies4 ,simil>ly ! ,ja9as h _! va/ p]iods sup]9t5d$ by tw5ty-f\r ,j9as1 or 'self-conqu]+ sages4' ,! notion is t alt]nate p]iods ( deg5]acy & amelioration succe$ ea* o!r ) symmetrical regul>ity4 ,ea* cycle embraces va/ t]ms ( ye>s2 = 9 ! det]m9ation ( ! _w's epo*s ,indian ari?meticians anticipat$ c5turies ago ! wilde/ hypo!ses ( mod]n ,european sci5ce4 ,a s+le ,kalpa1 or on1 ( ! ,brahmans consi/s ( #d1cbj1jjj1jjj ye>s4 ,x is divid$ into a ?\s& p]iods ( f\r ages 7call$ ,satya1 ,treta1 ,dvap>a1 & ,kali71 "u :i* !re is gradual deg5]ation until ! dep?s ( deg5]acy are rea*$ 9 ! ,kali age4 ,! ,buddhi/ ,kalpas are simil>1 b ! ,ja9a cycles h a di/9ctive "* ( _! own4 ,!y proce$ 9 pairs1 "o ( :i* is call$ 'desc5d+1' 7,avas>p9i71 & ! o!r 'asc5d+1' 7,uts>p9i74 ,( ^! ! desc5d+ cycle has six /ages1 or p]iods1 ea* compris+ "o hundr$ million ye>s1 & call$ 'good-good1' 'good1' 'good-bad1' 'bad-good1' 'bad1' 'bad-bad1' dur+ :i* mank9d gradually det]iorates2 :ile ! asc5d+ cycle has also six simil> p]iods call$ 'bad-bad1' 'bad1' 'bad-good1' 'good-bad1' 'good1' 'good-good1' dur+ :i* ! human race gradually improves till x rea*es ! culm9at+ p9nacle ( absolute p]fection4 ,9 illu/ration we are told to imag9e a va/ s]p5t1 ^: body1 coil$ r\nd 9 inf9ite space 9 an endless circle1 supports & guides ! movem5t ( ! e>? 9 its et]nal progress4 ,! head & tail ( ! s]p5t meet1 & ! notion is t ! e>?'s movem5t alt]nates aft] ! mann] ( ! oscillat+ motion ( a balance-:eel act$ on by ! coil+ & uncoil+ ( a /eel spr+4 ,fir/ ! e>? moves f ! head t[>ds ! tail 9 a d[nw>d c\rse1 & !n rev]s+ ! direction moves upw>ds f ! tail to ! head4 ,at pres5t we are suppos$ to be 9 ! desc5d+ cycle4 ,tw5ty-f\r ,j9as h already appe>$ 9 ?is cycle1 :ile tw5ty-f\r 7 manife/$ 9 ! pa/ asc5d+ cycle1 & tw5ty-f\r w be manife/$ 9 ! future4 ,9 ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 & ,ja9ism1 ! idea seems to be t ! t5d5cy to det]ioration w\ld v soon l& mank9d 9 a condition ( hopeless deg5]acy unless c\nt]act$ by ! rem$ial influ5ces ( great tea*]s1 prophets1 & deliv]]s4 ,9 ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ! ,buddha ,gautama1 he is describ$ 9 t]ms :i* almo/ assimilate 8 "* to ! ,*ri/ian conception ( a ,r$eem]3 he is ev5 report$ to h said--,let all ! evils 7or s9s7 fl[+ f ! corruption ( ! f\r? or deg5]ate age 7call$ ,kali7 fall ^u me1 b let ! _w be r$eem$4 ,& :at are ! precise "* & functions ( a ,j9a8 ,?is inquiry mu/1 ( c\rse1 =m an important "p ( our pres5t subject1 & ! reply is really involv$ 9 ! answ] to ano!r "q3 ,:at is ! great end & object ( ,ja9ism8 ,briefly1 x may be /at$ t ,ja9ism1 l ,brahmanism & ,buddhism1 aims at gett+ rid ( ! burd5 ( repeat$ exi/5ces4 ,?ree root-ideas may be said to lie at ! f\ndation ( all ?ree sy/ems3--fir/1 t p]sonal exi/5ce is protract$ ?r\gh an innum]able succession ( bodies by ! almighty p[] ( man's own acts2 secondly1 t mundane life is an evil1 & t man f9ds 8 p]fection 9 ! cessation ( all acts1 & ! consequ5t ext9ction ( all p]sonal exi/5ce2 ?irdly1 t su* p]fection is alone atta9$ ?r\gh self-mortification1 ab/ract m$itation1 & true k4 ,9 ^! crucial doctr9es1 ! !ory ( ,brahmanism is sup]ior to t ( ,buddhism & ,ja9ism4 ,accord+ to ! ,brahmans1 ! liv+ s\l ( man has an et]nal exi/5ce bo? retrospectively & prospectively1 & only exi/s sep>ately f ! ,"o ,supreme ,et]nal ,s\l because t ,supreme ,s\l wills ! tempor>y sep>ate p]sonality ( c\ntless individual spirits1 dissev]+ !m f 8 own ess5ce & caus+ !m to pass ?r\gh a succession ( bodies1 till1 aft] a long c\rse ( discipl9e1 !y are p]mitt$ to bl5d once m ) _! great ,et]nal ,s\rce4 ,) ! ,brahmans exi/5ce 9 ! ab/ract is n an evil4 ,x is only an evil :5 x involves ! cont9u$ sep>ation ( ! p]sonal s\l f ! imp]sonal ,et]nal ,s\l ( ! ,univ]se4 ,v diff]5t is ! doctr9e ( ,buddhi/s & ,ja9s4 ,) !m !re is no ,supreme ,be+1 no ,supreme ,div9e ,et]nal ,s\l1 no sep>ate human et]nal s\l4 ,nor c !re be any true s\l-transmigration4 ,a ,buddhi/ & a ,ja9a believe t ! only et]nal ?+ is matt]4 ,! univ]se consi/s ( et]nal atoms :i* by _! own inh]5t creative =ce are p]petually develop+ c\ntless =ms ( be+ 9 ev]-recurr+ cycles ( creation & dissolution1 re-creation & re-dissolution4 ,?is is symboliz$ by a :eel revolv+ = ev] 9 p]petual progression & retrogression4#g ,:at !n becomes ( ! doctr9e ( transmigration ( s\ls1 :i* is said to be held ev5 m /rongly by ,buddhi/s & ,ja9s ?an by ,h9dus8 ,x is ?us expla9$4 ,e human be+ is compos$ ( c]ta9 con/itu5ts 7call$ by ,buddhi/s ! five ,sk&has74 ,^! compreh5d body1 s\l1 & m9d1 ) all ! organs ( feel+ & s5sation4 ,!y are all dissolv$ at dea?1 & absolute ext9ction w\ld foll[1 7 x n = ! inext+ui%able1 imp]i%able1 omnipot5t =ce ( ,k>man or ,act4 ,no soon] are ! con/itu5ts ( "o /age ( exi/5ce dissolv$ ?an a new set is creat$ by ! =ce ( acts done & "* =m$ 9 ! previ\s /age4 ,s\l-transmigration ) ,buddhi/s is simply a concat5ation ( sep>ate exi/5ces connect$ by ! iron *a9 ( act4 ,a man's own acts g5]ate a =ce :i* may be comp>$ to ^? ( *emi/ry1 magnetism1 or electricity--a =ce :i* p]iodically re-creates ! :ole man1 & p]petuates 8 p]sonal id5tity 7not)/&+ ! loss ( memory7 ?r\gh ! :ole s]ies ( 8 sep>ate exi/5ces1 :e!r x obliges him to asc5d or desc5d 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,x may safely be affirm$ t ,brahmans1 ,buddhi/s1 & ,ja9s all agree 9 repudiat+ ! idea ( vic>i\s suff]+4 ,all concur 9 reject+ ! notion ( a repres5tative man--:e!r he be a ,manu1 a ,ri%i1 a ,buddha1 or a ,j9a--suff]+ z a sub/itut$ victim = ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,e be+ br\ght into ! _w mu/ suff] 9 8 own p]son ! consequ5ces ( 8 own de$s committ$ ei!r 9 pres5t or =m] /ates ( be+4 ,x is n suffici5t t he be rew>d$ 9 a tempor>y heav51 or puni%$ 9 a tempor>y hell4 ,nei!r heav5 nor hell has p[] to ext+ui% ! accumulat$ efficacy ( good or bad acts committ$ by ! same p]son dur+ a long succession ( exi/5ces4 ,su* accumulat$ acts mu/ inevitably & irresi/ibly drag him d[n into o!r mundane =ms1 until at l5g? _! pot5cy is de/roy$ by 8 atta9m5t ( p]fect self-discipl9e & self-k 9 "s f9al culm9at+ condition ( be+1 t]m9at$ by complete self-annihilation4 ,& ?us we are br\ght to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! true "* ( a ,j9a or self-conqu]+ ,sa9t 7f ! ,sanskrit root ji1 to conqu]74 ,a ,j9a is ) ! ,ja9s v ne>ly :at a ,buddha is ) ! ,buddhi/s4 ,he repres5ts ! p]fection ( humanity1 ! typical man1 :o has conqu]$ self & atta9$ a condition s p]fect t he n only ceases to act1 b is able to ext+ui% ! p[] ( =m] acts2 a human be+ :o is releas$ f ! obligation ( fur!r transmigration1 & looks =w>d to dea? z ! absolute ext9ction ( p]sonal exi/5ce4 ,b he is also m ?an ?is4 ,he is a be+ :o by virtue ( ! p]fection ( 8 self-mortification 7tapas7 has acquir$ ! p]fection ( k1 & !re=e ! "r to be a supreme lead] & tea*] ( mank9d4 ,he claims f> m complete au?ority & infallibility ?an ! mo/ arrogant ,roman ,pontiff4 ,he is 9 8 own solit>y p]son an absolutely indep5d5t & infallible guide to salvation4 ,h5ce he is commonly call$ a ,tir?an-k>a1 or "o :o con/itutes a ,tir?a#h--t is to say1 a k9d ( passage or m$ium ?r\gh :i* bliss may be atta9$--a k9d ( =d or bridge lead+ ov] ! riv] ( life to ! elysium ( f9al emancipation4 ,o!r names = him are ,arhat1 v5]able2 ,s>va-jna1 omnisci5t2 ,bhagavat1 "l4 ,a ,buddha ) ! ,buddhi/s is a v simil> p]sonage4 ,he is a self-conqu]or & self-mortifi] 7tapasvi71 l ! ,j9a1 & is besides a supreme guide to salvation2 b he has a*iev$ 8 position ( ,buddhahood m by ! p]fection ( 8 m$itation 7yoga1 samadhi7 ?an by ! complet5ess ( 8 self-re/ra9t & au/]ities4 ,bo? ,ja9as & ,buddhi/s--b especially ,ja9as--believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( gods & demons1 & spiritual be+s ( all k9ds1 :om !y (t5 designate by names simil> to ^? us$ by ! ,h9dus4 ,^! may possess va/ sup]natural & extra-mundane p[]s 9 diff]5t degrees & k9ds1 :i* !y are capable ( ex]t+ = ! b5efit or injury ( mank9d2 b !y are inf]ior 9 position to ! ,j9a or ,buddha4 ,!y are m]ely p[]ful be+s--tempor>y rul]s 9 tempor>y heav5s & hells4 ,!y may be v =midable & wor?y ( propitiation1 b !y are imp]fect4 ,!y are liable to pass ?r\gh o!r /ages ( exi/5ce1 or ev5 to be born aga9 9 mundane =ms1 until !y are f9ally ext+ui%$ by ! same law ( dissolution z ! re/ ( ! univ]se4 ,v diff]5t is ! condition ( ! p]fect sa9t4 ,he is 9 a f> high] position1 = he has b "o /ep to take be=e plung+ into ! ocean ( non-exi/5ce4 ,he is on ! v]ge ( ! bliss ( ext9ction1 & c guide o!rs to x4 ,he c nev] be dragg$ d[n aga9 to e>?ly imp]fection & s94 ,he alone is a wor?y object ( adoration4 ,all o!r be+s--div9e & demoniacal--are to be dread$1 n wor%ipp$4 ,!re is no god sup]ior to ! ,arhat1 says ! ,kalpa-sutra 7,/ev5son1 p4 #aj74 ,true wor%ip1 inde$1 is n possible ) ,ja9as any m ?an ) ,buddhi/s4 ,!y h no supreme ,et]nal ,be+1 omnisci5t & omnipres5t1 ev] at h& to answ] pray]1 ev] liv+ to be an object ( m$itation1 devotion1 & love to 8 creatures4 ,yet a ,ja9a :o acts up to ! pr9ciples ( 8 fai? is a slave to a ceaseless r\nd ( religi\s duties4 ,! late ,bi%op ( ,calcutta told me t he once ask$ a pi\s ,ja9a1 :om he happ5$ to meet 9 ! act ( leav+ a temple aft] a long c\rse ( devotion1 :at he _h be5 ask+ = 9 pray]1 & to :om he _h be5 pray+8 ,he repli$1 ,i h be5 ask+ = no?+1 & pray+ to nobody4 ,! fact 0 he _h be5 m$itat+ on ! p]fections ( "s ext9ct ,j9a1 do+ homage to 8 memory1 & us+ pray] z a m]e me*anical act1 n direct$ t[>ds any high] ,p[] capable ( grant+ reque/s1 b believ$ to h an efficacy ( its own 9 det]m9+ ! "* ( 8 subsequ5t =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,x may be said t ! ,brahmanical idea ( a sa9t is mu* ! same z t ( ,buddhi/s & ,ja9as4 ,b ) ,brahmans ! p]fect sa9t is n s solit>y & indep5d5t 9 8 spiritual pre-em95ce4 ,he is "o ( a num]\s b& ( simil> sa9t$ p]sonages4 ,he has endless names & epi!ts 7su* z ,ri%i1 ,muni1 ,yogi1 ,tapasvi1 ,jit5driya1 ,yat5driya1 ,sannyasi71 all ( :i* indicate t he1 l ! ,buddha & ,j9a1 has atta9$ ! p]fection ( k & impassiv5ess1 ei!r by ab/ract m$itation 7yoga71 or self-mortification 7tapas71 or ma/]y ov] 8 s5sual organs 7yama74 ,he may also comb9e ! functions ( a true tea*] & guide to salvation 7,tir?a74 ,he may ev51 l ! ,buddha & ,j9a1 h acquir$ su* p[]s t any ( ! second>y gods1 includ+ ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1 may be subject to him4 ,f9ally1 he may be himself wor%ipp$ z a k9d ( deity4 ,yet radically !re is an important di/9ction betwe5 ! ,brahman & ! ,ja9a sa9t1 = ! ,brahman sa9t makes no pret5ce to absolute f9ality & supremacy4 ,h[ev] l(ty 8 position1 he c nev] be exalt$ above ! ,"o ,supreme ,be+ 7,brahma71 9 ^: exi/5ce 8 own p]sonal exi/5ce is de/9$ to become absorb$1 & union ) ^: ess5ce con/itutes ! object ( all 8 hopes1 & ! aim ( all 8 aspirations4 ,no?+1 p]haps1 bett] illu/rates ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 & ,ja9ism ?an ! daily pray] us$ 9 all ?ree sy/ems4 ,t ( ! ,brahmans is 9 ,sanskrit 7f ,rig-v$a iii4 #fb4 #aj71 & is address$ to ! ,supreme ,be+ z giv] ( life & illum9ation4 ,x is a pray] = great] k & enlight5m5t3 ?us1 ,let u m$itate on t excell5t glory ( ! div9e ,vivifi]4 ,may ,he /imulate our und]/&+s4 ,t ( ! ,ja9as1 also call$ by !m ,gayatri1 is 9 ,magadhi ,prakrit1 & is 9 five %ort clauses to ! foll[+ effect3--,i v5]ate ! sages :o are wor?y ( hon\r 7arhat74 ,i v5]ate ! sa9ts :o h a*iev$ p]fection4 ,i v5]ate ^? :o direct our religi\s wor%ip4 ,i v5]ate spiritual in/ructors4 ,i v5]ate holy m5 7sadhus7 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,?is is obvi\sly no real pray]1 b a m]e =mula1 expressive ( v5]ation = human excell5ce1 l t us$ by ! ,buddhi/s1 :i* is p]haps ! simple/ ( all1--,rev]5ce to ! incomp>able ,buddha2 or 7z 9 ,?ibet71 ,rev]5ce to ! jewel 9 ! lotus4#i ,brahmans1 ,ja9s1 & ,buddhi/s all alike aim at ! atta9m5t ( p]fect k2 b ! ,brahman1 by 8 ,gayatri pray]1 ackn[l$ges 8 dep5d5ce on a ,supreme ,be+ z ! s\rce ( all enlight5m5t2 :ile ! =mulas ( ,ja9s & ,buddhi/s are simply expressive ( _! belief 9 ! div9ity ( humanity--! efficacy ( human example1 & ! p[] ( unassi/$ human ef=t4 ,x w be evid5t f ! =ego+ outl9e ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ,ja9ism1 t ! :ole sy/em h+es on ! efficacy ( self-mortification 7tapas71 self-re/ra9t 7yama71 & asceticism4 ,only tw5ty-f\r supreme sa9ts & ,tir?an-k>as c appe> 9 any "o cycle ( "t1 b e mortal man may be a self-re/ra9] 7yati74 ,e "o born into ! _w may be a /riv] aft] sanctity 7sadhu71 & a practis] ( au/]ities 7tapasvi74 ,d\btless1 at fir/ !re 0 no di/9ction betwe5 monks1 ascetics1 & ord9>y m51 j z 9 ! e>lie/ days ( ,*ri/ianity !re 0 no division into bi%ops1 prie/s1 & laity4 ,all ,ja9as 9 anci5t times practis$ au/]ities1 b among su* ascetics an important diff]5ce arose4 ,"o p>ty advocat$ an entire ab&onm5t ( clo?+1 9 tok5 ( complete indiff]5ce to all worldly ideas & associations4 ,! o!r p>ty 7 9 fav\r ( we>+ :ite g>m5ts4 ,! =m] 7 call$ ,dig-amb>a1 sky-clo!d1 ! latt] ,svetamb>a 7or1 9 anci5t works1 ,sveta-pata71 :ite-clo!d4#aj ,( ^! ! ,dig-amb>as 7 *ronologically ! e>lie/4 ,!y 7 probably ! fir/ to =m !mselves into a regul> society4 ,! fir/ ,j9a1 ,ri%aba1 z well z ! la/ ,j9a1 ,mahavira1 are said to h be5 ,dig-amb>as1 & to h gone ab\t absolutely nak$4 ,_! images repres5t two entirely nude ascetics1 :]eas ! images ( o!r ,j9as1 l ! ,buddhi/ images1 are repres5tations ( a sage1 g5]ally seat$ 9 a contemplative po/ure1 ) a robe ?r[n gracefully ov] "o %\ld]4 ,x is n improbable t ! ,svetamb>a division ( ! ,ja9as 7 m]ely a sect :i* sep>at$ itself f ! p>5t /ock 9 lat] times1 & became 9 ! end num]ically ! mo/ important1 at lea/ 9 ,we/]n ,india4 ,! ,dig-amb>as1 h[ev]1 are /ill ! mo/ num]\s faction 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 & at ,jaipur 9 ! ,nor?4#aa ,&1 inde$1 x ne$ sc>cely be po9t$ out t ascetics1 bo? :olly nak$ & p>tially clo!d1 are z common "u ! ,brahmanical sy/em z among ,ja9as & ,buddhi/s4 ,! god ,siva himself is repres5t$ z a ,dig-amb>a1 or nak$ ascetic1 :5ev] he assumes ! "* ( a ,maha-yogi--t is to say1 :5ev] he ent]s on a long c\rse ( au/]ity1 ) an absolutely nude body1 cov]$ only ) a ?ick coat+ ( du/ & a%es1 sitt+ motionless & wrapp$ 9 m$itation = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 t he may tea* m5 by 8 own example ! p[] atta9able ?r\gh self-mortification & ab/ract contemplation4 ,x is true t absolute nudity 9 public is n[ prohibit$ by law1 b ! ,dig-amb>a ,ja9as :o take _! meals1 l or?odox ,h9dus1 9 /rict seclusion1 are said to remove _! clo!s 9 ! act ( eat+4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ cr[d$ ?or\ghf>es ! requirem5ts ( legal dec5cy are easily satisfi$4 ,any "o :o travels 9 ,india mu/ accu/om himself to ! sight ( pl5ty ( unblu%+1 self-ass]t+ human fle%4 ,?\s&s cont5t !mselves ) ! m9imum ( clo?+ repres5t$ by a n>r[ /rip ( clo?1 ?ree or f\r in*es wide1 twi/$ r\nd _! lo9s4 ,nor ought x to excite any feel+ ( prudi% disgu/ to f9d poor1 h>d-work+ lab\r]s till+ ! gr\nd ) a great] area ( sun-tann$ sk9 c\rt+ ! cool+ action ( air & w9d on ! burn+ pla9s ( ,asia ?an w\ld be consid]$ decor\s 9 ,europe4 ,z to m5dicant devotees1 !y may /ill occasionally be se5 at great religi\s ga!r+s absolutely innoc5t ( ev5 a rag4 ,nev]!less1 !y are c>eful to avoid magi/]ial p5alties4 ,9 a seclud$ "p ( ! city ( ,patna1 ,i came sudd5ly on an old female ascetic1 :o usually sits q nak$ 9 a l>ge b>rel1 :i* con/itutes h] only abode4 ,:5 ,i pass$ h]1 9 company ) ! collector & magi/rate ( ! di/rict1 %e rapidly drew a dirty %eet r\nd h] body4 ,9 ! pres5t day bo? ,dig-amb>a & ,svetamb>a ,ja9as are divid$ into two classes1 correspond+ to cl]gy & laity4 ,:5 ! two sects increas$ 9 numb]s1 all1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n be ascetics4 ,"s 7 compell$ to engage 9 secul> pursuits1 & _m develop$ indu/ri\s & bus9ess-l habits4 ,h5ce x happ5$ t a l>ge numb] became prosp]\s m]*ants & trad]s4 ,all laym5#ab among ! ,ja9as are call$ ,sravakas1 he>]s or disciples1 :ile ! ,yatis1#ac or self-re/ra9+ ascetics1 :o con/itute ! only o!r division ( bo? ,ja9a sects1 are ! suppos$ tea*]s 7,gurus74 ,_m ( !m1 ( c\rse1 nev] tea* at all4 ,!y 7 =m]ly call$ ,nirgran?a1 free f worldly ties1 & are (t5 kn[n by ! g5]al "n ( ,sadhu1 holy m54 ,all are celibates1 & mo/ ( !m are c5obites1 n an*orites4 ,sometimes f\r or five hundr$ live toge!r 9 "o mona/]y1 :i* !y call an ,upasraya1#ad place ( retirem5t1 "u a presid+ abbot4 ,!y dress1 l o!r ,h9du ascetics1 9 yell[i%-p9k or salmon-col\r$ g>m5ts4#ae ,!re are also female ascetics 7,sadhv9i1 or1 anci5tly1 ,nirgran?i71 :o may be se5 occasionally 9 public places clo!d 9 dresses ( a simil> col\r4 ,:5 ^! good wom5 draw ! ends ( _! robes ov] _! heads to conceal _! features1 & cov] ! l[] "p ( _! faces ) pieces ( musl9 to prev5t animalcul f ent]+ _! m\?s1 !y look v l hood$ ,roman ,ca?olic nuns4 ,i saw sev]al ?read+ _! way ?r\gh ! cr[d$ /reets ( ,ahm$abad1 app>5tly b5t1 l si/]s ( m]cy1 on *>itable err&s4 ,( c\rse1 9 ,ja9ism any?+ l a ,brahmanical prie/hood w\ld be an impossibility4 ,ja9as reject ! :ole body ( ! ,v$a1 ,v$ic sacrifices & ritual1 & hold x to be a he9\s s9 to kill an animal ( any k9d1 ev5 = religi\s purposes4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 a ,v$a ( _! own1 consi/+ ( a s]ies ( =ty-five sacr$ writ+s1 collectively call$ ,agamas4 ,!y are all 9 ! ,ja9a =m ( ! ,magadhi dialect 7diff]+ f1 yet relat$ to1 ! ,pali ( ! ,buddhi/s1 ! ,magadhi ,prakrit ( ,v>>u*i1 & ! ,prakrit ( ! plays71 & are class$ "u ! diff]5t heads ( ,anga1 ,upanga1 ,painna 7,sanskrit1 ,prakirnaka71 ,mula1 ,*h$a1 ,anuyoga1 & ,n&i4 ,( ^! ! elev5 ,angas are ! mo/ e/eem$1 b ! :ole s]ies is equally reg>d$ z ,sruti1 or div9e revelation4 ,! ,magadhi text is sometimes expla9$ by ,sanskrit comm5t>ies1 & sometimes by comm5t>ies 9 ! ,marwari dialect1 v common among m]*ants 9 ! ,we/ ( ,india4 ,"s ( ! be/ kn[n ,angas & ,upangas 7 procur$ by me :5 ,i 0 la/ at ,bombay1 ?r\gh ! k9d assi/ance ( ,dr4 ,bhl]2 b x appe>s d\btful :e!r !y w\ld repay ! tr\ble :i* a complete p]usal & ?or\gh exam9ation ( su* volum9\s writ+s w\ld entail4 ,x may safely be affirm$ t _! tea*+1 l t ( ! ,puranas1 is any?+ b consi/5t or uni=m1 & t !y deal ) subjects--su* z ! =mation ( ! univ]se1 hi/ory1 geography1 & *ronology--( :i* _! au?ors are pr(\ndly ignorant4 ,! ,indian comm5tator1 ,madhava*arya1 9 8 well-kn[n summ>y ( ,h9du sects 7call$ ,s>va-d>sana-sangraha7 has giv5 an int]e/+ sket* ( ! ,ja9as f 8 own inve/igation ( _! sacr$ writ+s4 ,_! philosoph]s are sometimes call$ ,syad-vad9s1 ass]t]s ( possibility1 because _! sy/em prop\nds sev5 modes ( reconcil+ opposite views 7sapta-bhanga-naya7 z to ! possibility ( any?+ exi/+ or n exi/+4 ,all visible objects--all ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se--are di/ribut$ "u ! two pr9ciples 7tattva7 or categories ( animate 7jiva71 & inanimate 7a-jiva74 ,aga91 all liv+ be+s compris$ "u ! =m] are divid$ into ?ree classes3 7#a7 et]nally p]fect1 z ! ,j9a2 7#b7 emancipat$ f ! p[] ( acts2 7#c7 b\nd by acts & worldly associations4 ,or1 aga91 n9e pr9ciples are enum]at$--namely1 life1 abs5ce ( life1 m]it 7punya71 dem]it1 passion1 helps to re/ra9t1 helps to fre$om f worldly atta*m5ts1 bondage1 emancipation4 ,inanimate matt] is sometimes ref]r$ to a pr9ciple 7tattva7 call$ ,pudgala1 :i* x is easi] = ,ja9a philosoph]s to talk ab\t ?an to expla94 ,:5 we come to ! ,ja9a moral code1 we f9d ourselves transport$ f ! mi/s ( fanciful ideas & arbitr>y speculation to a cle>] atmosph]e & firm] gr\nd4 ,! ?ree gems :i* e ,ja9a is requir$ to seek aft] ) e>ne/ness & dilig5ce1 are "r intuition1 "r k1 & "r conduct4 ,! nature ( ! fir/ two may be inf]r$ f ! explanations already giv54 ,"r conduct consi/s 9 ! obs]vance ( five duties 7vratas71 & ! avoidance ( five s9s impli$ 9 five prohibitions4 ,! five duties are3--,be m]ciful to all liv+ ?+s2 practise almsgiv+ & lib]ality2 v5]ate ! p]fect sages :ile liv+1 & wor%ip _! images aft] _! decease2 confess y\r s9s annually1 & mutually =give ea* o!r2 obs]ve fa/+4 ,! five prohibitions are3--,kill n2 lie n2 /eal n2 commit n adult]y or impurity2 love n ! _w or worldly hon\r4 ,if equal practical importance 7 atta*$ to ^! t5 precepts1 ! ,ja9a sy/em c\ld n fail to conduce 9 a high degree to ! happ9ess & well-be+ ( its adh]5ts1 h[ev] p]v]t$ _! religi\s s5se may be4 ,un=tunately1 undue /ress is laid on ! fir/ duty & fir/ prohibition1 to ! comp>ative neglect ( "s ( ! o!rs4 ,9 =m] days1 :5 ,buddhism & ,ja9ism 7 preval5t ev]y:]e1 ,kill n 0 requir$ to be proclaim$ by s\nd ( trumpet 9 e city daily4#af ,&1 inde$1 ) all ,h9dus respect = life has always be5 reg>d$ z a supreme obligation4 ,ah9sa1 or avoidance ( injury to o!rs 9 ?\ght1 ^w1 & de$1 is decl>$ by ,manu to be ! highe/ virtue1 & its opposite ! greate/ crime4 ,n ! smalle/ insect ought to be kill$1 le/ ! s\l ( "s relation %\ld be !re embodi$4 ,yet all ,h9dus admit t life may be tak5 = religi\s or sacrificial purposes4 ,n s ,buddhi/s & ,ja9as4 ,) !m ! sacrifice ( any k9d ( life1 ev5 = ! mo/ sacr$ purpose1 is a he9\s crime4 ,9 fact1 ! belief 9 transmission ( p]sonal id5tity at dea? ?r\gh an inf9ite s]ies ( animal exi/5ces is s int5se t !y live 9 p]petual dread ( de/roy+ "s belov$ relative or fri5d4 ,! mo/ deadly s]p5ts or v5om\s scorpions may en%r9e ! spirits ( _! fa!rs or mo!rs1 & are !re=e left unh>m$4 ,! ,ja9as f> outdo e o!r ,indian sect 9 c>ry+ ! prohibition1 n to kill1 to ! mo/ prepo/]\s extremes4 ,!y /ra9 wat] be=e dr9k+1 sweep ! gr\nd ) a silk5 bru% be=e sitt+ d[n1 nev] eat or dr9k 9 ! d>k1 & (t5 we> musl9 be=e _! m\?s to prev5t ! risk ( swall[+ m9ute insects4 ,!y ev5 object to eat+ figs1 or any fruit conta9+ se$1 & w\ld consid] !mselves et]nally defil$ by simply t\*+ fle%-meat ) _! h&s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s sights 9 ,bombay is ! ,panj>a-pol1 or hospital = diseas$1 crippl$1 & worn-out animals1 e/abli%$ by ri* ,ja9a m]*ants & b5evol5t ,vai%nava ,h9dus 9 a /reet outside ! ,=t4 ,! in/itution cov]s sev]al acres ( gr\nd1 & is ri*ly end[$4 ,bo? ,ja9as & ,vai%navas ?9k x a "w ( ! highe/ religi\s m]it to contribute lib]ally t[>ds its support4 ,! animals are well f$ & well t5d$1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly seem$ to me1 :5 ,i visit$ ! place1 t ! great majority w\ld be m m]cifully provid$ = by ! application ( a load$ pi/ol to _! heads4 ,i f\nd1 z might h be5 expect$1 t a l>ge proportion ( space 0 allott$ to /alls = sick & infirm ox51 "s ) b&ag$ eyes1 "s ) crippl$ legs1 "s wrapp$ up 9 blankets & ly+ on /raw b$s4 ,"o huge1 bloat$1 brok5-d[n old bull 9 ! la/ /age ( decrepitude & disease 0 a pitiable object to behold4 ,!n ,i notic$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! build+ s+ul> specim5s ( emaciat$ buffaloes1 limp+ horses1 mangy dogs1 apoplectic pigs1 p>alytic donkeys1 fea!rless vultures1 melan*oly monkeys1 comatose tortoises1 besides a /range m$ley ( cats1 rats & mice1 small birds1 reptiles1 & ev5 insects1 9 e /age ( suff]+ & disease4 ,9 "o corn] a crane1 ) a k9d ( wood5 leg1 appe>$ to h _s en\gh left to /rut 9 a /ately mann] among/ a numb] ( dolor\s-look+ ducks & depress$ f[ls4 ,! mo/ spiteful animals seem$ to be tam$ by _! suff]+s & ! c>e !y receiv$4 ,all 7 be+ t5d$1 nurs$1 physick$1 & f$1 z if x 7 a sacr$ duty to prolong ! exi/5ce ( e liv+ creature to ! utmo/ possible limit4 ,x is ev5 said t m5 are paid to sleep on dirty wood5 b$s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! build+1 t ! loa?some v]m9 ) :i* !y are infe/$ may be suppli$ ) _! nightly meal ( human blood4 ,yet ,i obs]v$ on o!r occasions t bo? ,ja9as & ,h9dus are sometimes v cruel to animals us$ = dome/ic purposes1 believ+ t ! h>%e/ treatm5t involves no s9 provid$ x /ops %ort ( de/roy+ life4 ,! foll[+ /ory1 :i* ,i h p>aphras$ freely1 f ! ,ja9a ,kalpa-sutra 7,/ev5son1 p4 #aa7 may be tak5 z an illu/ration3#ag-- ,!re 0 a c]ta9 ,brahman 9 ! city ( ,pu%pavati ^: fa!r & "m di$4 ,9 process ( "t bo? p>5ts 7 born aga9 9 _! own son's h\se1 ! fa!r z a bullock1 ! "m z a female dog4 ,by-&-by ! ,sraddha1 or fe/ive-day = ! wor%ip ( deceas$ p>5ts & =efa!rs1 came r\nd4 ,9 ! morn+ ! son set ! bullock to lab\r h>d1 t a supply ( rice & milk might be ready = ! prie/s invit$ to ! fe/ival4 ,:5 !y 7 ab\t to beg9 eat+1 ! female dog1 9 :i* 0 ! "m's s\l1 see+ some?+ poison\s fall into ! milk1 snat*$ x away ) h] m\?4 ,^u t h] son1 n und]/&+ ! dog's action1 flew into a passion & almo/ broke h] back ) a /ick4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! bullock 0 ti$ up 9 a c[h\se1 b no food giv5 to him aft] 8 day's toil4 ,bo? animals _h become consci\s ( _! previ\s /ate ( exi/5ce1 & ! bullock1 look+ at ! female dog1 exclaim$1 ',alas6 :at h we bo? suff]$ ?is day ?r\gh ! cruelty ( our wick$ son6' ,z to ! o!r precepts ( ! ,ja9a moral code1 x is notewor?y t ! practice ( confess+ s9s to a prie/ly ord] ( m5 probably exi/$ 9 full =ce among ! ,ja9as long be=e its introduction into ! ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,a pi\s ,ja9a ought to confess at lea/ once a ye>1 or if 8 consci5ce happ5s to be burd5$ by ! weight ( any rec5t crime--su*1 = example1 z ! accid5tal kill+ ( a noxi\s insect--he is b\nd to betake himself to ! confessional )\t delay4 ,! /at$ obs]vance ( ?is duty is call$ ,pratikramana1 because on a p>ticul> day ! p5it5t repairs solemnly to a prie/ly ,yati1 :o he>s 8 confession1 pron\nces absolution1 & imposes a p5ance4 ,! p5ances inflict$ g5]ally consi/ ( v>i\s k9ds ( fa/+2 b x mu/ be obs]v$ t fa/+ is ) ,ja9as a duty incumb5t on all4 ,x is a duty only second to t ( n kill+4 ,fa/+ 7upavasa7 is also practis$ by ,h9dus & ,buddhi/s1 & held to be a mo/ effective means ( accumulat+ religi\s m]it4 ,or?odox ,h9dus fa/ twice a mon?1 on ! elev5? day ( ea* =tnight1 z well z on ! bir?day ( ,kri%na 7,janma%tami71 & ! night sacr$ to ,siva 7,siva-ratri74 ,on "s fa/ days fruits may be eat51 b no cook$ food ( any k9d4 ,) ,buddhi/s & ,ja9as ! season ( fa/+1 religi\s m$itation1 & recitation ( sacr$ texts1 f> outdoes our ,l5t5 p]iod4 ,! ,buddhi/s 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w call _! fa/+ season ,wasso 7corrupt$ f ! ,sanskrit ,upavasa74 ,t ( ! ,ja9as is call$ ,pajjusan or ,pa**usan 7= ,sanskrit ,p>yu%ana74 ,! ,svetamb>a ,ja9as fa/ = ! fifty days prec$+ ! fif? ( ! mon? ,bhadra1 ! ,dig-amb>as = ! sev5ty foll[+ days4 ,9 bo? cases ! ,pajjusan corresponds g5]ally to ! ra9y season or its close4 ,possibly ! practice ( fa/+ dur+ t p]iod may be int5d$ z an expiation = ! suppos$ guilt incurr$ by ! un9t5tional de/ruction ( damp-eng5d]$ insects4 ,9 reg>d to ! duty ( wor%ipp+ images1 ?is also1 l ! la/ duty1 is incumb5t on all4 ,b x is wor?y ( rem>k t images 7 at fir/ only us$ z memorials or z simple decorations1 9 places consecrat$ to pure =ms ( wor%ip4 ,idolatry has always be5 a lat] innovation4 ,x has nev] belong$ to ! orig9al con/itution ( any religi\s sy/em4 ,"o or two diff]5ces betwe5 ,h9du1 ,buddha1 & ,ja9a images %\ld be not$4 ,h9du images 7except+ t ( ! ascetic =m ( ,siva7 are (t5 pr(usely decorat$1 :ile ,buddha & ,ja9a idols are always left unadorn$1 ?\gh sometimes cut out ( ! f9e/ m>ble1 & (t5 hav+ a nimbus#ah r\nd _! heads4 ,tw5ty-two ( ! ,j9a images1 z well z ! sev5 ,buddhas1 are repres5t$ ) a co>se g>m5t ?r[n ov] ! left %\ld]1 ! o!r %\ld] be+ b>e4 ,^? ( ! fir/ & la/ ,j9as 7,ri%abha & ,mahavira7 are completely nude2 & ,j9a images1 l "s ( ^? ( ! ,buddha1 are (t5 erect4 ,moreov]1 ! idols ( ! ,buddha ,gautama repres5t him 9 f\r pr9cipal attitudes4 ,he is 7#a7 seat$ 9 deep contemplation2 or 7#b7 is seat$ :ile engag$ 9 tea*+1 ) ! tip ( ! =ef+] ( "o h& appli$ to ! f+]s ( ! o!r h&2 or 7#c7 he is a m5dicant ascetic 9 a /&+ po/ure2 or 7#d7 he is recumb5t j be=e 8 decease4 ,9 ! fir/ or contemplative attitude1 he is indiff]5t to ev]y?+ except int5se conc5tration ( ?\ght on ! problem ( p]fect k4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 he is suppos$ to be ?9k+ ( no?+1 or1 if t is impossible1 8 ?\ghts are conc5trat$ on ! tip ( 8 nose1 till he does n ev5 ?9k ( t4 ,or !re may be a modification ( ?is m$itative attitude1 9 :i* 8 m9d is app>5tly engag$ 9 ec/atic contemplation ( ! %ort di/ance :i* /ill sep>ates him f ! goal ( annihilation4 ,! fir/ contemplative attitude is by f> ! commone/4 ,! sage is se5 seat$ 7g5]ally on a full-bl[n lotus7 ) 8 legs fold$ "u him1 ! left palm sup9ate on 8 lap1 & ! "r h& ext5d$ ov] ! "r leg4 ,he has p5dul\s e>s1 curly hair1 & a top-knot on ! cr[n ( 8 head4 ,8 g>m5t is ?r[n gracefully ov] ! left %\ld]1 leav+ ! "r b>e4 ,! modification ( ?is attitude1 repres5t+ ! sage 9 ec/atic contemplation1 has bo? ! palms re/+ "o above ! o!r on ! lap1 & occasionally hold+ a circul> object1 ! mean+ ( :i* is n well asc]ta9$4 ,9 ! second or tea*+ attitude1 ! great tea*] is suppos$ to be m>k+ (f ! po9ts ( 8 disc\rse1 or emphasiz+ !m on 8 f+]s4 ,?is attitude expresses an important peculi>ity1 already po9t$ out1 z di/+ui%+ ,buddhism f ,ja9ism--namely1 t x lays m /ress ?an ,ja9ism on ! acquisition & imp>t+ ( k4 ,i h nev] se5 a ,j9a image 9 a tea*+ attitude4 ,! recumb5t attitude ( ,buddha is suppos$ to repres5t him 9 ! act ( dy+1 & atta9+ ,nirvana4 ,pi\s ,buddhi/s reg>d ?is supreme mom5t 9 ! life ( _! great lead] ) z mu* rev]5ce z ,*ri/ians reg>d ! dea? ( ,*ri/ on ! cross4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,sir ,william ,gregory1 ,i 0 tak5 to see a colossal recumb5t /atue ( ! ,buddha1 at lea/ ?irty feet long1#ai 9 ! celebrat$ temple ( ,kelani1 n f> f ,columbo1 9 ,ceylon4 ,! image appe>$ to be highly v5]at$ by num]\s wor%ipp]s1 :o pres5t$ (f]+s at ! %r9e4 ,on ea* side 7 colossal images ( att5dants & doorkeep]s 7dvara-pala71 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! temple figures ( ,buddha's demon enemies1 besides idols ( ! ,h9du deities1 ,vi%nu1 ,siva1 & ,ganesa4 ,all ar\nd ! walls ( ! temple 7 fresco repres5tations ( incid5ts 9 ! life ( ! ,buddha4 ,a huge bell-%ap$ ,dagoba 7,dhatu-g>bha71 ( massive masonry1 cov]$ ) *unam1 0 9 ! g>d51 on ! "r side ( ! temple4 ,x d\btless en%r9$ a%es or relics ( great sanctity4 ,b 9 all ^! ,dagobas !re is no passage to any int]ior *amb]3 :atev] relics !y conta9 h be5 brick$ up = c5turies1 & no record is pres]v$ ( _! hi/ory or nature4 ,on ! left ( ! temple 7 ! resid5ces ( ! high prie/s & monks1 9 a well-kept g>d5 ov]%ad[$ by an imm5se ,pipal tree1 suppos$ to repres5t ! sacr$ tree ( k4 ,bo? ,buddha & ,j9a images h always c]ta9 objects or symbols 7*ihna7 connect$ ) !m4 ,^? ( ! ,buddha are g5]ally associat$ ) ! tree ( k1 or a hood$ s]p5t1 or a :eel1 or a de]4#bj ,! sev5? ,tir?an-k>a ( ! ,ja9as is specially associat$ ) ! ,sva/ika cross--an auspici\s symbol common to ,h9duism1 ,buddhism1 & ,ja9ism4 ,wor%ipp]s 9 ,buddhi/ & ,ja9a temples may be se5 arrang+ _! (f]+s 9 ! =m ( ?is symbol1 :i* is %ap$ l a ,greek cross1 ) ! end ( ea* ( ! f\r arms b5t r\nd 9 ! same direction4 ,! "q z to ! orig9 ( ! emblem has call$ =? _m le>n$ diss]tations f v>i\s s*ol>s & ar*ologi/s4 ,= my own "p1 ,i am incl9$ to reg>d x z a m]e rude repres5tation ( ! f\r arms ( ,lak%mi1 goddess ( good =tune1 ! b5t extremities ( ! arms d5ot+ h] f\r h&s4 ,) reg>d to ! adoration ( relics1 "o or two po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! sy/ems may be po9t$ out4 ,! ,h9dus :olly object to ! ,buddhi/ practice ( pres]v+ & wor%ipp+ ! a%es1 hair1 or tee? ( _! dep>t$ sa9ts4 ,i rem>k$ 9 ! c\rse ( my travels t articles ( clo?+1 especially wood5 %oes & clo? slipp]s1 us$ by holy m5 dur+ life1 are sometimes pres]v$ by ! ,h9dus 9 sacr$ %r9es1 & held 9 v5]ation4 ,!y mu/1 ( c\rse1 be remov$ f ! p]son be=e actual dea? has sup]v5$2 = x is well kn[n t 9 ! m9ds ( ,h9dus an idea ( impurity is always insep>able f dea?4 ,contam9ation is suppos$ to result f contact ) ! corpses ( ev5 _! de>e/ relatives4 ,! mortal frame is n held 9 v5]ation z x 0 by ! anci5t ,egyptians1 & z x g5]ally is 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries4 ,e "p ( a dead body ought to be got rid ( z soon z possible4 ,h5ce1 x is burnt v soon aft] dea?1 & ! a%es scatt]$ on ! surface ( sacr$ riv]s or on ! sea4 ,nev]!less1 ! bodies ( great ascetics are exempt$ f ?is rule4 ,!y are g5]ally buri$1 n burnt2 n1 h[ev]1 because ! m]e corporeal frame is held 9 great] v5]ation1 b because ! mo/ em95t sa9ts are suppos$ to lie undecompos$ 9 a k9d ( trance1 result+ f ! int5se ec/atic m$itation 7samadhi7 to :i* dur+ life !y 7 devot$4 ,9 =m] days great ascetics 7 n unfrequ5tly buri$ alive1 & t1 too1 ) _! own cons5t4 ,a cr[d ( admir+ disciples 0 always ready to assi/ at ! entombm5t1 & x might be said 9 excuse t ! holy m5 really appe>$ to be dead1 ?\gh !y 7 m]ely spee*less1 motionless1 & s5seless1 9 a k9d ( m$itative catalepsy4 ,! ,ja9as hold views simil> to ^? ( ! ,h9dus 9 reg>d to ! treatm5t ( dead bodies4 ,!y nev] pres]ve ! a%es ( _! sa9ts 9 ,/upas1 ,*aityas1 or ,dagobas1 or wor%ip !m1 z ! ,buddhi/s d4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject ,i may rem>k1 t :at may be call$ foot-wor%ip 7paduka-puja71 or ! v5]ation ( footpr9ts1 seems to be common to ,h9dus1 ,buddhi/s1 & ,ja9as4 ,ev5 dur+ life1 :5 a ,h9du wi%es to %[ great respect = a p]son ( high] rank or position ?an himself1 he rev]5tially t\*es 8 feet4 ,! idea seems to re/ on a k9d ( a =tiori argum5t4 ,if ! feet1 z ! l[e/ memb]s ( ! body1 are treat$ ) hon\r1 h[ mu* m is homage r5d]$ to ! :ole man4 ,*ildr5 hon\r _! p>5ts 9 ?is mann]4 ,!y nev] kiss ! faces ( ei!r fa!r or "m4 ,9 "s families1 sons pro/rate !mselves at _! fa!rs' feet4 ,! arms are cross$ j above ! wri/1 bo? feet are t\*$1 & ! h&s rais$ to ! =ehead4 ,! notion ( hon\r+ ! feet z ! highe/ possible act ( homage runs ?r\gh ! :ole ,h9du sy/em4 ,small %r9es may (t5 be obs]v$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,india1 sometimes d$icat$ to holy m51 sometimes to ,satis1 or fai?ful wives :o h burnt !mselves ) _! husb&s4 ,!y appe> to be q empty4 ,on clos] inspection two footpr9ts may be detect$ on a little rais$ alt> made ( /one4 ,^! are call$ ,paduka1 %oes1 b are really ! suppos$ impression ( ! soles ( ! feet4 ,9 ! same way1 ! wood5 clog ( ! god ,brahma is wor%ipp$ at a p>ticul> %r9e some:]e 9 ,c5tral ,india1 & we "k t ! footpr9t ( bo? ,buddha & ,vi%nu at ,gaya1 & t ( ,buddha at ,adam's ,peak1 are objects ( adoration to millions4 ,analog\s ideas & practices prevail 9 ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,!re is a wood5 image ( ,*ri/ on ! cross 9 a *ur* at ,vi5na1 :i* is s v5]at$ t1 al?\gh x is a little elevat$1 "s wor%ipp]s /& on tiptoe to kiss its feet1 :ile o!rs t\* its feet ) _! f+]s1 & !n raise _! f+]s to _! m\?s4 ,simil>ly1 at ,muni*1 9 ,bav>ia1 numb]s ( wor%ipp]s may be se5 kiss+ ! feet ( an image ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & mo/ travell]s c te/ify t images ( ,/4 ,pet]1 n to m5tion ! liv+ repres5tative ( ,/4 ,pet]1 are treat$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 comes up to ! v5]ation ( footpr9ts among ,ja9as4 ,i visit$ ! magnific5t temple erect$ by ,ha?i-,s+h at ,ahm$abad1 z well z ! und]gr\nd %r9e d$icat$ to ,ad9a?1 & ano!r great ,ja9a temple at ,kaira4 ,! fir/ consi/s ( a l>ge quadrangle1 approa*$ by a beautifully c>v$ m>ble gateway4 ,! pr9cipal %r9e is 9 ! c5tre4 ,all ar\nd ! quadrangle is a k9d ( cloi/]1 9 :i* are ab\t ?irty subord9ate %r9es1 ea* conta9+ ! image ( a p>ticul> ,j9a or ,tir?an-k>a4 ,all ! images appe>$ to me to be ( "o type1 & to resemble ^? ( ! contemplative 7,dhyani7 ,buddha4 ,all are c>v$ out ( f9e m>ble1 g5]ally ( a light col\r1 & all repres5t ! ascetic1 9 8 sitt+ po/ure1 wrapp$ 9 pr(\nd m$itation1 indiff]5t to all ext]nal ph5om5a--calm1 s]5e1 & imp]turbable4 ,! att5dants ( ! temple 7 ei!r v ignorant or v unwill+ to imp>t in=mation4 ,no "o c\ld tell me :e!r all ! tw5ty-f\r ,j9as _h a place 9 ! %r9es4 ,"o image ( p]fectly black m>ble 0 describ$ to me z t ( ,parsvana?4 ,! o!r temples 7 n v rem>kable1 except z af=d+ good illu/rations ( foot-wor%ip4 ,9 "o %r9e ,i saw #ahhj footpr9ts ( ,nemi-na?'s disciples4 ,9 ano!r1 #adeb foot/eps ( ! disciples ( ,ri%abha4 ,!y 7 cov]$ ) (f]+s ( gra9 & money4 ,all ! names ( ^! holy disciples are giv5 9 ! ,ja9a sacr$ works1 & x may be rem>k$ t ! disciples ( ,j9as1 h[ev] celebrat$1 are nev] repres5t$ by images4 ,t privilege is res]v$ = ! tw5ty-f\r supreme ,j9as !mselves4 ,i notic$ t _m ,h9du idols 7 plac$ outside ! %r9es4 ,c]ta9ly ,ja9ism1 :5 reg>d$ f ! /&-po9t ( a ,*ri/ian obs]v]1 is ! colde/ ( all religions1 if1 inde$1 x des]ves to be call$ a religion at all4 ,yet ! numb] ( temples 9 c]ta9 c5tres ( ,ja9ism f> exce$s ! numb] ( *ur*es & *apels 9 ! mo/ religi\s ,*ri/ian di/ricts4 ,e ,ja9a :o lays claim to an excess ( piety or zeal builds a temple ( 8 own4 ,x nev] ent]s into 8 head to repair ! temples ( o!r religi\s p4 ,at ,palitana1 9 ,ka?iawar1 !re is a :ole city ( ,ja9a temples1 "s new1 o!rs decay+1 & o!rs q dilapidat$4 ,x is by no means necess>y or usual t e temple %\ld possess ei!r prie/s or wor%ipp]s4 ,i c c]tify t ,i saw few] wor%ipp]s ev5 9 ! mo/ celebrat$ ,ja9a temples ?an 9 any ( ! ,buddhi/ temples at ,columbo or ,k&y4 ,^? :o came cont5t$ !mselves ) b[+ d[n be=e ! idols1 & plac+ fl[]s or gra9s ( rice & corn on ! footpr9ts ( ! sa9ts4 ,! ,yatis h a k9d ( liturgy1 p>tly 9 ,sanskrit1 p>tly 9 ! ,ja9a =m ( ,magadhi ,prakrit1 p>tly 9 a k9d ( ar*aic ,guj>ati4 ,no real pray]s are (f]$1 b /ories ( ! tw5ty-f\r ,j9as & _! disciples are recit$1 ) s++ & an accompanim5t ( noisy in/rum5tal music & beat+ ( cymbals4 ,religi\s fe/ivals & processions are also common4 ,i witness$ "o 9 ! t[n ( ,kaira1 on ! anniv]s>y ( ! dea? ( a celebrat$ ,yati4 ,an imm5se multitude ( m5 & wom5 p>ad$ ! /reets1 prec$$ by a v demon/rative b& ( musicians4 ,9 ! c5tre 0 an app>5tly empty palanqu91 borne by six m54 ,x conta9$ ! suppos$ footpr9ts ( ! deceas$ ,yati 9 ^: hon\r ! fe/ival 0 held4 ,a few %ort extracts f ! ,kalpa-sutra 7,/ev5son1 p4 #ajc7 w give "s idea ( ! rules ( discipl9e by :i* ! lives ( ! ,yatis are requir$ to be regulat$1 z foll[3-- ,self-re/ra9t is to be ex]cis$ by ea* man individually4 ,self-control is ! *ief ( all religi\s ex]cises4 ,if a qu>rel arise1 mutual =giv5ess is to be ask$4 ,?ree daily cleans+s are enjo9$1 morn+1 mid-day1 & ev5+4 ,a p]iod ( re/ & fa/+ is to be obs]v$ ye>ly 9 ! f\r mon?s ( ! ra9y season4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 male & female ascetics %\ld by no means p>take ( rice1 milk1 curds1 fre% butt]1 melt$ butt]1 oil1 sug>1 honey1 spirits1 & fle%4 ,!y mu/ nev] use any angry or provok+ language1 on pa9 ( be+ expell$ f ! community4 ,ascetics mu/ c>efully avoid contact ) m9ute insects1 small animals1 small se$s1 small fl[]s1 small vegetables1 c4 ,no ascetic mu/ d any?+ :atev]1 or g out = any purpose :atev]1 )\t fir/ ask+ p]mission ( ! ,sup]ior ( ! ,conv5t4 ,! head mu/ be %av$1 or ! hair con/antly clipp$4 ,no ascetic mu/ we> hair long] ?an t :i* cov]s a c[4 ,) reg>d to ! la/ injunction1 x may be m5tion$ t ! c]emony ( initiation 7dik%a7 usually takes place at ! age ( twelve or ?irte51 & t "p ( ! rite once consi/$ 9 =cibly pull+ out e hair ( ! head 7kesa-lun*ana74 ,9 ! pres5t day a%es are appli$1 & a few hairs torn out by ! roots be=e ! scissors are us$4 ,x rema9s to /ate t ! ,ja9as ( ! pres5t p]iod are lean+ m & m t[>ds ,h9du ideas & practices4 ,!y h _! purificatory rites 7sanskaras71 & a modifi$ ca/e sy/em4 ,n unfrequ5tly ,brahman prie/s are invit$ to take "p 9 _! m>riage c]emonies4 ,inde$1 x is by no means uncommon = int]m>riages to take place betwe5 lay ,ja9as 7sravakas7 & lay ,vai%navas1 especially 9 cases :5 bo? belong to ! ,baniya or m]*ant ca/e4 ,9 %ort1 ,ja9ism1 l ,buddhism1 is gradually drift+ into ! curr5t ( ,h9duism :i* ev]y:]e surr\nds x1 &1 l e o!r (f%oot f t sy/em1 is de/9$ 9 ! end to be reabsorb$ into its s\rce4 ,i mu/ res]ve ! subject ( ! ,indo-,zoroa/rian cre$1 & mod]n ,parsi religi\s usages1 = treatm5t 9 my next pap]4 ,,moni] ,,williams4 ,footnote #a3 ,if an or?odox ,brahman is ask$ to describe 8 religion1 he calls x ,arya-dh>ma1 t is1 ! sy/em ( doctr9es & duties held & practis$ by ! ,aryas4 ,he nev] ?9ks ( call+ x by ! "n ( any special f\nd] or lead]4 ,be x not$1 h[ev]1 t ,dh>ma implies m ?an a m]e religi\s cre$4 ,x is a f> m compreh5sive t]m ?an our ^w religion4 ,footnote #b3 ,9 _m images ( ! ,buddha he is repres5t$ ) ! sacr$ ?read ov] ! left %\ld] & "u ! "r arm1 accord+ to or?odox ,brahmanical usage4 ,footnote #c3 ,s9ce ! ,buddha became absolutely ext9ct1 & s9ce 8 sy/em recognis$ no ,supreme ,s\l ( ! ,univ]se1 !re rema9$ no?+ = 8 foll[]s to v5]ate except 8 memory4 ,! mass ( 8 conv]ts1 h[ev]1 did n long re/ satisfi$ ) en%r9+ him 9 _! m9ds4 ,fir/ !y made pilgrimages to ! ,bodhi-tree1 or ,tree ( ,k1 at ,gaya1 "u :i* _! great tea*] obta9$ supreme wisdom4 ,!re !y erect$ tumuli1 or graves 7v>i\sly call$ dagobas1 *aityas1 & /upas71 ov] 8 relics1 & wor%ipp$1 ^!4 ,!n adoration 0 paid to 8 foot-pr9ts1 & to ! :eel or symbol ( ! ,buddhi/ law4 ,f9ally1 images ( 8 p]son 9 diff]5t attitudes 7to be describ$ subsequ5tly7 7 multipli$ ev]y:]e4 ,temples1 at fir/1 7 unkn[n4 ,!re 7 rooms1 or places ( meet+1 = ,buddhi/ congregations to he> prea*+2 b x 0 n till a lat] p]iod t ^! 7 us$ to en%r9e images & relics4 ,a va/ p]iod ( developm5t sep>ates ! orig9al ,sangha-griha f su* a temple z t erect$ ov] ! eye-too? ( ,buddha1 at ,k&y1 9 ,ceylon1 :i* is a co/ly edifice1 conta9+ images & a libr>y1 z well z ! f>-fam$ relic %r9e beh9d ?ick iron b>s4 ,footnote #c3 ,! expression1 ,ja9ism1 corresponds to ,vai%navism & ,saivism j z ! t]m ,ja9a does to ,vai%nava or ,saiva4 ,( c\rse consi/5cy w\ld require ! sub/itution ( ,bauddhism & ,bauddha = ,buddhism & ,buddhi/1 b ,i fe> ! latt] expressions are too firmly e/abli%$ to admit ( alt]ation4 ,footnote #d3 ,!re is "o place 9 ,india :]e ! gr[? ( ,vai%navism out ( ,buddhism1 & _! ne> relation%ip1 are conspicu\sly demon/rat$4 ,i mean ,buddha-gaya1 ) ! neighb\r+ ,vi%nu temple ( ! city ( ,gaya4 ,footnote #e3 ,9 ! ,caves ( ,ellora1 ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 & ,ja9ism1 may be se5 9 juxtaposition1 prov+ t at "o p]iod1 at lea/1 !y exi/$ toge!r1 & 7 mutually tol]ant ( ea* o!r4 ,footnote #f3 ,_! names at full are3--#a4 ,ri%abha2 #b4 ,ajita2 #c4 ,sambhava2 #d4 ,abh9&ana2 #e4 ,sumati2 #f4 ,padma-prabha2 #g4 ,suparsva2 #h4 ,*&ra-prabha2 #i4 ,pu%pa-danta2 #aj4 ,sitala2 #aa4 ,sreyas2 #ab4 ,vasupujya2 #ac4 ,vimala2 #ad4 ,ananta2 #ae4 ,dh>ma2 #af4 ,santi2 #ag4 ,kun?u2 #ah4 ,ara2 #ai4 ,malli2 #bj4 ,suivrata2 #ba4 ,nimi2 #bb4 ,nemi2 #bc4 ,parsvana?a2 #bd4 ,mahavira1 or ,v>dhamana4 ,! fir/ ( ^! liv$ #h1djj1jjj ye>s1 & atta9$ a /ature equal to #ejj b[s' l5g?4 ,! age & /ature ( ! second 0 some?+ less4 ,! tw5ty-?ird liv$ a hundr$ ye>s1 & 0 little tall] ?an an ord9>y man4 ,! tw5ty-f\r? liv$ only =ty ye>s1 & 0 =m$ l a man ( ! pres5t day4 ,! ,buddhi/s hold t _! ,buddha ,gautama 0 mu* above ! usual height4 ,footnote #g3 ,:5 ,buddhism m]g$ 9 ,vai%navism1 its symbol ( a :eel 7*akra7 0 adopt$ by ! wor%ipp]s ( ,vi%nu4 ,footnote #h3 ,! ^w ,tir?a may mean a sacr$ =d or cross+-place on ! bank ( a riv]1 or x may mean a holy man or tea*]4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is is by "s int]pret$ to mean--,rev]5ce to ! creative en]gy inh]5t 9 ! univ]se4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! actual col\r ( an ascetic's dress is a k9d ( yell[i%-p9k1 or salmon col\r4 ,pure :ite is n mu* us$ by ! ,h9dus1 except z a m>k ( m\rn+1 :5 x takes ! place ( black ) u4 ,footnote #aa3 ,!re is also a v l[1 insignificant1 & int5sely a!i/ical sect ( ,ja9as call$ ,dhundhias4 ,!y are mu* despis$ by ! ,h9dus1 & ev5 by ! m or?odox ,ja9as4 ,footnote #ab3 ,?is t]m1 z well z ,upasaka1 is also us$ to designate ! ,buddhi/ laity4 ,footnote #ac3 ,f ! ,sanskrit root1 yam1 to re/ra94 ,! ,buddhi/s call _! monks ,sramanas2 f ! root ,sram1 m5 :o "w h>d at au/]ities1 or ,bhik%us1 m5dicant fri>s4 ,_! laym5 are ,sravakas1 l ! ,ja9a laym51 b are also call$ ,upasakas4 ,footnote #ad3 ,also writt5 ,apasraya4 ,footnote #ae3 ,:5 s attir$ !y may be call$ ,pitamb>as1 or ,ka%ayamb>as1 ?\gh !y belong to ! ,svetamb>a1 or :ite-clo!d p>ty4 ,footnote #af3 ,dr4 ,/ev5son conjectures t ,zoka's fam\s edicts 7 simil> proclamations1 embody+ all ! comm&s & prohibitions ( ,buddhism & ,ja9ism1 engrav$ on /one to secure _! p]man5ce4 ,footnote #ag3 ,x is d\btless int5d$ z a ,ja9a satire on ! wor%ip ( deceas$ p>5ts & ance/ors enjo9$ by ! ,brahmanical sy/em1 & commonly practis$ by true ,h9dus4 ,footnote #ah3 ,! idea ( encircl+ ! heads ( sa9ts ) a disc ( light probably exi/$ 9 ,india long be=e ,*ri/ianity4 ,footnote #ai3 ,buddhi/s believe t ! /ature ( ! ,buddha f> exce$$ t ( ord9>y m54 ,muslims h simil> leg5ds ab\t ! /ature ( ,moses4 ,footnote #bj3 ,!re is a leg5d t ! ,buddha taught fir/ 9 a de]-p>k ne> ,b5>es4 ,,"l ,,beaconsfield4 ,i4--,,:y ,,we ,,foll[ ,,him4 ,a writ] 9 ! la/ numb] ( ?is ,,review1 :5 giv+ a portraiture ( ,mr4 ,glad/one1 po9t$ out t t "r hon\rable g5tleman 0 a bundle ( p]sons r ?an "o4 ,x w n1 ,i hope1 be ?\ght a v gross plagi>ism if ,i say t ,"l ,beaconsfield's fame may be divid$ into f\r or five di/9ct reputations1 any "o ( :i*1 9 ! case ( a small] man1 w\ld be ?\ght en\gh = endur+ celebrity4 ,if ,mr4 ,disraeli _h nev] succe$$ 9 mak+ 8 way into ,p>liam5t1 he w\ld /ill1 )\t ne$+ to add ano!r volume to ! books he has writt51 h _h to be tak5 acc\nt ( z "o ( our =emo/ m5 ( lett]s4 ,suppos+ t1 hav+ ent]$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 he _h n atta9$ (fice1 he w\ld yet h always be5 rememb]$ z ! ke5e/ ,p>liam5t>y debat] ( 8 "t4 ,if 8 public life _h end$ 9 #aheb--t is1 m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago--)\t 8 hav+ become a ,m9i/]1 he w\ld h /ood record$ z ! mo/ skilful lead] ( an ,opposition :i* our hi/ory has kn[n4 ,_h he nev] pass$ a measure ?r\gh ,p>liam5t1 he mu/ h be5 ref]r$ to by all political ?9k]s z a /rik+ly orig9al critic ( our ,con/itution4 ,su* trifles z t1 be+ born 9 ! days ( d&yism1 he rank$ among ! lead]s ( fa%ion directly aft] he 0 out ( 8 te5s1 & t he has be5 a lead+ social wit 8 :ole life ?r\gh1 may be ?r[n 9 )\t c\nt+4 ,b add ! above items toge!r1 & fill 9 ! necess>y details1 & :at a />tl+ result we h6 ,x is v obvi\s t ,i _c "h trace ,"l ,beaconsfield's c>e] 9 detail4 ,! *ronicle is mu* too ri* = t4 ,! bett] plan w be to make ! subject gr\p itself ar\nd ?ree or f\r *ief topics--say ^!3 ,8 public consi/5cy2 8 p]sonal relations ) ,peel & o!r lead]s2 8 political & social views reg>d$ z a sy/em2 & 8 rec5t =eign policy4 ,a s+le p>agraph may1 h[ev]1 be int]pos$1 j to br+ ! pr9cipal dates toge!r 9 a way ( prospective summ>y4 ,)9 f\r ye>s' "t f 8 ent]+ ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :i*1 aft] va9 attempts at ,high ,wycombe1 ,m>ylebone1 & ,taunton1 he did 9 #ahcg = ! bor\gh ( ,maid/one1 ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 at ! head ( a p>ty--,! ,new ,engl& ,p>ty4 ,! gr\p1 if n v num]\s1 drew z mu* public att5tion z if x _h be5 ( any size we l to "n4 ,"l ,john ,mann]s & ,mr4 ,g4 ,s4 ,smy! _h ! g5]osity ( he>t & ! ke5ness ( insight to be ! fir/ won ov] by him1 & t aga9/ ! prejudices ( _! families4 ,:o has n he>d ( _! c\rage\s pilgrimage to ! ,man*e/] ,a!num to expla9 to ,cottonopolis h[ !y propos$ to re-make ! nation8 ,!n came ! ,"y ,engl& novels1 ) :i* all ,europe 0 %ortly r++--,con+sby 9 #ahdd1 ,sybil 9 #ahde1 ,tancr$ 9 #ahdg4 ,9 ! meantime ,mr4 ,disraeli _h associat$ himself he>t & s\l ) ,"l ,george ,b5t9ck1 attack$ ,peel1 & done f> m ?an any o!r 9 reorganiz+ ! %att]$ ,cons]vative p>ty )9 ! ,h\se z well z outside x4 ,by ! la/-nam$ ye>1 too1 ,mr4 ,disraeli _h1 aft] a volunt>y ex*ang+ ( ,maid/one = ,%rewsbury1 become memb] = ,buck+ham%ire1 a seat :i* he 0 to keep s long z he rema9$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,sudd5ly ,"l ,george ,b5t9ck di$ 7mu* too e>ly = 8 c\ntry71 & v soon aft] t ev5t1 ow+ to ! g5]\s /&+ aside ( ,"l ,granby & ,mr4 ,h]ries1 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 )9 a doz5 ye>s ( 8 fir/ entry into ,p>liam5t1 /ood =? z ! recogniz$ lead] ( ! ,cons]vatives4 ,! publication ( ! fam\s ,biography ( ,"l ,george ,b5t9ck 0 at once 8 noble tribute to ! memory ( 8 fri5d & a valuable help to ! p>ty4 ,five ye>s lat]1 :5 ,"l ,russell fell & ! fir/ ,d]by ,adm9i/ration 0 =m$1 ,mr4 ,disraeli--nev] hav+ held an inf]ior po/--became ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]4 ,%ortly foll[$ ,"l ,palm]/on's triumphant reign1 to be succe$$1 aft] a fur!r resignation ( ,"l ,russell1 by ! second ,d]by ,m9i/ry1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,disraeli1 once m ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 f\nd "t1 9 addition to 8 ,budget-mak+1 to di% ! ,:igs by a f9al ,re=m ,bill4 ,by-&-by ! nation lo/ ! ,e>l ( ,d]by1 & ! la/ promotion ( (ficial dignity fell naturally to ,mr4 ,disraeli1 :o became ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,glad/one succe$$ 9 prev5t+ ! ,cab9et f hav+ a v long life1 & ,mr4 ,disraeli kept m5tal self-composure en\gh1 aft] los+ (fice1 to sit d[n & write ,lo?air4 ,by-&-by 8 political turn aga9 came3 #ahgd saw him ,premi] = ! second "t1 & ?is pres5t ye> ( grace /ill beholds him 9 ! po/1 only 9 ! ,upp] ,h\se1 in/ead ( ! ,l[]1 z ,"l ,beaconsfield1 & ) a ,p>liam5t>y majority sc>cely dim9i%$ by five ye>s ( an imp]ial rule :i* br+s back memories ( ,engl&'s mo/ maje/ic days4 ,he has visit$ ,b]l91 & m ?an held 8 own 9 a ,c\ncil ( ! greate/ mod]n diplomati/s2 has receiv$ a welcome back 9 ,london city su* z no liv+ ,m9i/] c boa/2 & has _h ! high hon\r ( ent]ta9+ 8 ,que5 z a gue/ "u 8 own ro(4 ,n[ ,i may g back to ! fir/ ( ! texts ,i h *os54 ,x is c]ta9 t ,"l ,beaconsfield has always mo/ t5aci\sly insi/$ t he has f fir/ to la/ be5 politically consi/5t4 ,8 oppon5ts1 = v good reasons ( _! own1 h unceas+ly affirm$ t ?is ass]tion is 8 *iefe/1 9 fact 8 culm9at+ audacity4 ,b all ! facts fav\r ,"l ,beaconsfield's view4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he has nev] held (fice b on "o side1 & he is ! only ,prime ,m9i/] dur+ ! la/ half c5tury :o c\ld plead t circum/ance4 ,e>l ,russell c\ld n say x2 c]ta9ly ,"l ,palm]/on c\ld n2 x is q out ( ,mr4 ,glad/one's p[] to urge x2 ev5 ! late ,e>l ( ,d]by c\ld n make ! claim4 ,next1 x is n[ ab\t ?irty-two ye>s s9ce ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 =mally recogniz$ z ! lead] ( ! ,tory p>ty1 & he is /ill at ! head ( !m1 )\t _! confid5ce hav+ be5 = a mom5t %ak5 or )drawn4 ,m51 9 fact1 h be5 born & h gr[n up to middle life ) ,mr4 ,disraeli all ! "t rema9+ at ! head ( ! ,cons]vatives4 ,8 inconsi/5cy dur+ at lea/ ?is some:at l5g!n$ p]iod mu/ h be5 ( a /range k9d1 s9ce x has always co9cid$ ) ! wi%es & ! int]e/s ( 8 p>ty1 = he has nev] split !m1 & he has ?rice l$ !m into p[]1 ,b we may g t5 ye>s fur!r back ?an ! dates we h nam$4 ,f fir/ to la/1 he nev] sat 9 ,p>liam5t b z an av[$ly ,tory memb] = a ,tory con/itu5cy2 dur+ ne>ly ?irty ye>s he sat = "o & ! same c\nty4 ,if y sift :at 8 enemies1 h to say1 y w f9d t x ref]s to some?+ :i* took place ab\t =ty-five ye>s ago1 & is to ! effect t he 0 = five m9utes a memb] ( ! ,we/m9/] ,re=m ,club1 & 0 will+ 9 8 fir/ c&idatures to accept ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,hume or ( any o!r ( ! ,radicals4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has ! pla9e/ &1 z ,i ?9k1 ! mo/ suffici5t explanation to give ( x all4 ,he says t he came =w>d at ,high ,wycombe & aft]w>ds (f]$ himself to ,m>ylebone z an oppon5t ( ! ,:igs1 det]m9+ to d all he c\ld to br+ ! ,tories into bett] accord ) ! masses ( ! p by re-e/abli%+ ! natural social bonds betwe5 ! latt] & ! ari/ocracy4 ,c]ta9ly1 ?is is exactly :at he has done2 x is :at he op5ly said t he aim$ at do+ f ! v beg9n+4 ,moreov]1 ! ,tories s und]/ood x f ! fir/ mom5t4 ,!y gave him _! support at ,high ,wycombe be=e he w5t to ,taunton1 & political support _c be kept v secret4 ,8 "n 0 a popul> toa/ at agricultural banquets1 & he 0 sure ( a welcome at any mu/] ( ! ,cons]vatives4 ,suppos+ t ! ,radicals _h n _h p5etration en\gh to compreh5d ! position he took up1 :o w\ld h be5 to blame = t8 ,b ! fact is t x has suit$ !m to pret5d 9 ?is case to be m /upid ?an !y 74 ,no ,radical con/itu5cy ev] elect$ ,mr4 ,disraeli4 ,! newspap]s ( ! p>ty nev] spoke ( him z "o ( _! sort2 & ,messrs4 ,hume & ,o',connell 7 9 a great hurry to )draw _! lett]s ( recomm5dation1 :i* _h rea*$ ! c&idate uns\ght4 ,x is n d5i$ by ,"l ,beaconsfield's mo/ rabid defam] t he pres5t$ himself z an ,anti-,:ig1 & x is admitt$ t long be=e he 0 9 ! ,h\se he 0 a support] 9 public ( ,"l ,*&os1 & a eulogi/ ( ,sir ,rob]t ,peel4 ,9 8 address to ! ,m>ylebone electors he describ$ himself z an ,indep5d5t4 ,b x is really h>dly wor? :ile to discuss ,mr4 ,disraeli's politics on ?is n>r[ basis4 ,! case may be put into a nut%ell ?us3 if he _h po/pon$ seek+ a seat till he w5t to ,taunton1 :i* 0 9 #ahce--t is to say =ty-f\r ye>s ago--no "o w\ld h be5 able to say1 ev5 9 a way ( cavil1 t he _h be5 ev] any o!r ?an a mo/ op5ly und]/ood ,tory4 ,x is true t ! ,radicals w\ld /ill h be5 able to compla9 t he _h be5 bold en\gh to pass a ,re=m ,bill giv+ h\sehold suffrage 9 ! t[ns1 & s spoil$ once = all _! p>ty tactics4 ,b t is an allegation ( inconsi/5cy :i* 8 ,cons]vative support]s :om x has plac$ 9 (fice ne$ n be v anxi\s to def5d him aga9/4 ,! o!r side _h made ! "q ( ,re=m cease to be "o ( fair politics2 ,p>liam5t aft] ,p>liam5t !y 7 trad+ ^u x 9 ! mo/ huck/]+ _s4 ,mr4 ,disraeli's own fir/ n>r[] proposals 7 sc(f$ at by !m4 ,! ,bill t 0 f9ally pass$ 0 av[$ly a piece ( p>ty tactic1 & admirably x answ]$ its end4 ,( c\rse1 s9ce x succe$$ s well1 ,"l ,beaconsfield's rivals w nev] =give him = x4 ,h[ev]1 a m rational use ( my space w be to ask at :at /age ( 8 c>e] ,mr4 ,disraeli develop$ ! lead+ political pr9ciples :i* came to be recogniz$ z *>act]i/ically 88 ,t is ! only mode 9 :i* x is wor? :ile to discuss a man's consi/5cy4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has himself done x all 9 ! preface to ,lo?air1 b ,i may recall a few details4 ,9 ! v fir/ election address he ev] issu$1 he /yl$ ! ,:igs a rapaci\s1 tyrannical1 & incapable faction4 ,t may be tak51 "o w\ld suppose1 z pretty cle>ly m>k+ 8 po9t ( political dep>ture4 ,at 8 second c&idature = ,wycombe1 he quot$ ,bol+broke & ,w9dham z 8 models2 & x 0 z f> back z #ahce1 9 8 ,v9dication ( ! ,engli% ,con/itution1 t he fir/ appli$ ! t]m ,v5etian to our ,con/itution1 z ! ,:igs _h trans=m$ x4 ,! v peculi>ities ( !oretical op9ion :i* are mo/ individually 81 c be trac$ back into :at 9 respect ( a liv+ man's c>e] might almo/ be t]m$ antiquity--x is some?+ l two-?irds ( half a c5tury ago s9ce he fir/ spoke ( ! ,asian ,my/]y4 ,nobody's say+s live z ,mr4 ,disraeli's h done4 ,! tru? is1 t s f> f 8 political sy/em hav+ be5 hat*$ piecemeal 9 a way ( aft]-?\ght to s]ve exig5cies ( p]sonal ambition1 he />t$ ) x ready made4 ,8 critics !mselves unkn[+ly admit ?is 9 "o "p ( _! clumsy /rictures1 s9ce !y c f9d ev5ts s v rec5t z 8 nam+ ( ! ,que5 ,empress ( ,india1 & 8 appropriation ( ,cyprus1 sket*$ 9 8 e>ly novels4 ,b let me take ! v late/ arraignm5t to :i* he has be5 summon$ to plead guilty--t ( hav+ inv5t$ ,imp]ialism j to bol/] himself 9 (fice4 ,z f> back z #ahdi1 :i* n[ is exactly ?irty ye>s ago1 9 "o ( 8 greate/ spee*es aft] hav+ fairly settl$ d[n z ! lead] ( 8 p>ty1 he us$ ^! words3--,i w\ld soon] my tongue %\ld palsy ?an c\nsel ! p ( ,engl& to l[] _! tone4 ,i w\ld soon] leave ?is ,h\se = ev] ?an ,i w\ld say to ! nation t x has ov]rat$ its position4444 ,i believe 9 ! p ( ,engl& & 9 _! de/9y4 ,9 8 la/ ,premi]%ip he has simply put ^? ?irty-ye>-old utt]ances into practice4 ,if he _h n done all he has done1 he w\ld h be5 false to ! h]oic _s ( t f>-back h\r4 ,on ! hu/+s at ,maid/one ,mr4 ,disraeli said1 ,if !re is "o ?+ on :i* ,i pique myself1 x is my consi/5cy4 ,"l ,beaconsfield 9 advanc+ age may repeat ! /atem5t )\t v>y+ x a syllable1 ?\gh m ?an =ty ye>s h elaps$ betwe5 ! times4 ,! ,peel-,disraeli episode has be5 = a long "t n[ ! *ief /&>d illu/ration ( ! political casui/ry ( our mod]n ,p>liam5t>y hi/ory4 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 ^? oppos$ to him w h x1 act$ mo/ cruelly 9 t matt]4 ,x is r a curi\s ?+ = a "y memb] ( ,p>liam5t to succe$ 9 be+ cruel to ! mo/ p[]ful ,m9i/] ! ,h\se ( ,commons _h se5 = m ?an a g5]ation4 ,if a giant is ov]?r[n x mu/ be r ! fault ( ! colossus someh[1 unless1 t is1 x be a bigg] giant :o attacks him2 & at t "t ( day1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 gr[+ fa/1 he really 0 n yet ( ! same t[]+ height z ,peel4 ,h[ 0 x1 !n1 t he succe$$ 9 toppl+ ov] ! great ,m9i/]8 ,let me fir/ ( all say t ! tru? seems to be t ,sir ,rob]t ,peel's unlook$-= tragic dea? has giv5 to 8 memory a pa!tic int]e/ :i* has caus$ an unfair height5+ ( emotion 9 ! case4 ,nei!r all ,engl&1 nor ev5 ! bulk ( ,p>liam5t1 0 9 te>s1 busy ) pocket-h&k]*iefs1 dur+ ! deliv]y ( ^? fam\s philippics4 ,if pocket-h&k]*iefs 7 us$ x 0 to wipe away drops caus$ by laught]1 = ev]ybody 0 ro>+ f mom5t to mom5t z ea* /roke told4 ,peel _h tak5 up a position 9 ref]5ce to 8 old support]s :i* 0 c]ta9 to entail attack2 ! only ?+ special t ,mr4 ,disraeli contribut$ to ! assault 0 ! spl5d\r ( ! wit :i* b>b$ x4 ,ev]y?+ t he said ( ,peel1 all[+ fairly = controv]sial exig5cies1 0 /rictly true4 ,nobody wi%es to revive ^? necess>ily h>d say+s n[1 b x mu/ be insi/$ ^u = a second1 9 pass+1 t ,peel _h treat$ 8 p>ty z no ,m9i/] be=e him _h ev] done4 ,x 0 ! exacte/ v]ity1 z well z ! ke5e/ s>casm1 :5 ,mr4 ,disraeli *>g$ him ) hav+ tri$ to /e] 8 p>ty "r into ! h>b\r ( ! enemy4 ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 ! man to feel ?is mo/ ( any1 = x is "o ( 8 lead+ pr9ciples t z ?is nation n[ exi/s p>ty 9 our con/itution is an app>atus absolutely necess>y to be pres]v$4 ,he has = a ?ird ( a c5tury s9ce !n himself unfail+ly work$ by t rule4 ,b ,i sc>cely ne$ urge ?is "p ( ! matt] fur!r "h1 z ano!r ^w be>+ ^u x w come lat]4 ,if ,peel _h liv$ on1 he & 8 attack] w\ld be=e ! end h come to t]ms amicably en\gh1 z ,mr4 ,disraeli has s9ce done ) ev]ybody else :om he has1 f obligations ( political duty1 _h publicly to oppose4 ,t is1 unless !y 7 /upid en\gh n to rememb] 8 kn[n det]m9ation t ,p>liam5t>y life %\ld be rais$ above ! level ( ve/ry proce$+s1 by be+ dignifi$ by a play ( wit2 or else 7 ill-condition$ en\gh1 z "s :o h held high place h be51 n to meet 8 (f]$ op5 palm :5 ! weapon 0 put back into ! %ea?4 ,peel himself w\ld h _h m s5se2 s1 too1 ! pres5t be>] ( 8 "n has %[n himself to h4 ,! r idle /atem5t t ! ,disraelian assault 0 prompt$ out ( spite at n be+ made an ,"u-,secret>y may at ?is "t ( day be1 p]haps1 pass$ ov]4 ,mr4 ,disraeli spoke ) & vot$ = ,peel long aft] t suppos$ neglect1 & ?\gh x may be said t a spiteful man c\ld nurse 8 rev5ge1 x is j z true t ! mo/ g5]\s c\ld h done no?+ m ?an g on %[+ respect & giv+ support j z ,mr4 ,disraeli did4 ,fur!r1 no "o 0 prompt] ?an he 0 ) words ( praise s soon z !re 0 opportunity = !m4 ,inde$1 ! f9e/ eulogy ( ,peel /&s record$ 9 ! pr9t$ pages ( ! p]son :o is *>g$ ) pursu+ him ) unhe>d-( bitt]ness4 ,! man :o wait$ = (fice till ! day :5 he vault$ at once into ! ,*ancellor%ip ( ! ,ex*equ]1 0 sc>cely ! "o to be mightily (f5d$1 because1 :5 a fir/ bat* ( appo9tm5ts 0 di/ribut$1 an ,"u-,secret>y%ip w5t by him4 ,x 0 ! lead]%ip ( 8 p>ty = wise ends t ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 look+ out =4 ,"h aga91 h[ev]1 x is unnecess>ily re/rict+ ! consid]ation ( ! po9t to speak ( ,mr4 ,disraeli's invective only 9 ref]5ce to ,peel4 ,act+ on 8 maxim t x is ! v ornam5t ( debate1 he at "o "t or o!r has let ! lightn+ ( 8 tongue play ar\nd ev]ybody 9 ,p>liam5t :o (f]$ fit m>k = x4 ,"l ,russell 0 scor*$ by x2 s 0 ,"l ,palm]/on4 ,mr4 ,roebuck1 :o 9 ^? days 0 ?\ght to h a bitt] lip1 got s+$ f x2 & ,mr4 ,glad/one has felt its blaze wrapp+ ar\nd him (t54 ,he is1 at ?is mom5t1 9 fact1 suppos$ to be %[+ "s n v anci5t sc>s f x4 ,b1 occasionally ev5 ,mr4 ,disraeli's fri5ds felt a m lamb5t play ( ?is glori\s irony4 ,x 0 he :o told ! late ,e>l ,d]by t he 0 only a ,pr9ce ,rup]t ( debate1 always f9d+ 8 camp 9 ! h&s ( ! enemy on return+ f 8 irresi/ible *>ges4 ,he nev] object$ to receive z good z he gave1 if only any "o c\ld be f\nd to give x him4 ,only once 9 all 8 c>e] did he lose 8 temp]--9 ! *all5ge aris+ out ( ! ,o',connell affair2 & t 0 be=e he 0 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,:ile 9 ! ,h\se1 :o 0 !re ) /eel ( any temp] t he did n try its edge8 ,%>p bl[s 7 aim$ back1 & he always admitt$ :5 x 0 a palpable hit2 b :o came up s (t5 z he did--:o 0 !re t did n g d[n be=e him at ! la/8 ,take ,mr4 ,disraeli & ,"l ,beaconsfield out ( ! record ( ! ,p>liam5t>y debat+ ( ! la/ =ty ye>s1 & :at a d>k5+ x w\ld give--:at a gap x w\ld make6 ,some?+ mu/ n[ be said z to ,"l ,beaconsfield's sy/ematic political & social views4 ,x is v c]ta9 t he has a sy/em1 & x is also sure t he has nev] hidd5 :at x is4 ,nobody has be5 at su* pa9s to make 8 views cle>4 ,he has writt5 books 9 explanation1 z well z made spee*es2 he has illu/rat$ ! sy/em by fiction1 besides back+ x up by hi/orical disquisition4 ,anybody :o *ooses may le>n :at x is1 &--z a great modification ( political feel+ 9 ?is c\ntry %[s--a va/ numb] h done s1 by read+ ,con+sby1 ,sybil1 & ! preface to ,lo?air4 ,inde$1 f ?is latt] exposition itself1 all t is vital may be inf]r$4 ,b ! doctr9e has ( necessity "s elaborat5ess1 & asks a trifle ( ?\ght4 ,x _c be hit (f 9 z easy a way z ,radicalism c1 :]e1 :5 y h utt]$ ! half-platitude1 half-sophism1 equality ( man1 y are suppos$ to h said ne>ly ev]y?+4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has always kept be=e him ! conception ( a community1 :i* he di/+ui%es f a mob1 & if he c\ld get 8 own way 9 ! matt] he w\ld h ! society highly organiz$2 ! keep+ x real 9 e "p1 & /rictly & broadly popul> 9 its entirety1 be+ ! only work+ limit t he w\ld prescribe to its in/itutional intricacy4 ,?is sy/em1 ?\gh on its be+ gradually promulgat$ x 0 held to be ,mr4 ,disraeli's v own1 expressly d5ies = itself t x is 9 any s5se ,disraelian at all4 ,"l ,beaconsfield av[s t he has f\nd x 9 hi/ory--9 our own hi/ory4 ,he is cont5t to be reg>d$ z its discov]]1 n its inv5tor4 ,9 a ^w1 ,"l ,beaconsfield's great claim ^u 8 c\ntrym51 z he himself puts x1 is t he has aga9 br\ght to light & =c$ "u ! eyes ( ,engli%m5 _! own national *ronicle4 ,to beg9 )1 x is 8 ,lord%ip's firmly av[$ belief t !re has be5 :at may be call$ a break or rift 9 our great social traditions4 ,x is n difficult to see t he traces ! causes ( x back to ! viol5t subv]sal ( ! ,*ur*1 :i*1 he w h x1 0 nev] 9 ?is c\ntry at any "t 9 real dang] ( becom+ ,papal4 ,b ,i may take up ! n>rative some:at lat]4 ,) 8 own inimitable t]s5ess1 he has ?us describ$ ! ?ree great evils :i* aft]w>ds made a social wreck ( mod]n ,engl&3 !y 71 he says1 ,v5etian politics1 ,dut* f9ance1 & ,fr5* w>s4 ,all ^! he attributes to ! ,:ig nobles4 ,:at is call$ ! great ,revolution1 :i* !y s hugely turn$ to _! glory & _! pr(it1 he1 9 ,sybil1 ascribes to ! fe> ( ^? :om he calls ! great lay impropriators t ,k+ ,james int5d$ to insi/ on ! ,*ur* l&s be+ re/or$ to _! orig9al purposes1--to wit1 ! education ( ! p & ! ma9t5ance ( ! poor4 ,!y br\ght ov] ,william ( ,orange1 along ) :om1 he ironically says1 ,engl& _h ! happ9ess ( receiv+ a ,corn ,law & ! ,national ,debt4 ,b ! ,cr[n itself 0 enslav$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,:ig families1 :o conv]t$ !mselves into a ,v5etian olig>*y2 &1 ?r[+ (f ! natural obligations ( prop]ty1 !y borr[$ money to defray ! =eign w>s 9 :i* ,william 0 entangl$ be=e he left 8 own c\ntry4 ,^! are ! hi/orical premises f :i* ,"l ,beaconsfield's views are all fundam5tally d]iv$4 ,x is op5 to anybody to try to disprove !m2 :at !y h got to d is simply to %[ t ! above alleg$ facts 7 n ! true ones4 ,b no "o has done ?is z yet4 ,com+ d[n /ill lat] 9 8 hi/ory1 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 9 ,sybil1 gave ! foll[+ cond5s$ description ( ! social condition :i* _h result$1--a mortgag$ ari/ocracy1 a gambl+ =eign comm]ce1 a home trade f\nd$ on a morbid competition1 & a degrad$ p4 ,"h1 aga91 ! :ole case is op5 to debate1 b ,i v5ture to ?9k t he w be a bold man :o d5ies t ?is 0 a vivid picture ( ,engl& at ! mom5t ,mr4 ,disraeli p5n$ x4 ,! bold man1 at any rate1 did n pres5t himself at ! "t4 ,x 0 ! la/ item 9 t %ock+ li/ :i* fa/5$ mo/ on ,mr4 ,disraeli's imag9ation--a degrad$ p4 ,:5 writ+ ,sybil he conv]t$ himself into a ,commission] ( ,inquiry1 & visit+ ! homes ( 8 humbl] c\ntrym51 pa9t$ !m f sight on ! spot4 ,! descriptions 9 ^? pages c nev] be =gott5 ( dwell+s :]e liv$ fev] & consumption & ague z well z human be+s2 ! ?ree fir/-nam$ inhabitants be+ 9 fact ! only t5ants :o rema9$ "u ! ro(s long4 ,) agitation unusual = him1 b mo/ consi/5t 9 an uphold] ( ! doctr9e ( race1 he affirm$ t ! physical quality ( our p 0 endang]$4 ,b he fur!r f\nd t 9 ! manufactur+ di/ricts !re 01 to use 8 own words1 no society1 b only aggregation3 or1 aga9 to quote him1 ! moral condition ( ! p 0 entirely lo/ sight (4 ,mu* ( ?is1 he believ$1 0 due to ! ,*ur* hav+ fail$ 9 its obligations4 ,! ,*ur*1 he makes "o ( ! *>act]s 9 8 /ory say to ano!r 9 x1 has des]t$ ! p1 & f t mom5t ! ,*ur* has be5 9 dang]1 & ! p degrad$4 ,at ?is po9t ,i may v rightly int]polate a rem>k :i* has n a little explanatory value4 ,j 9 proportion to ! importance giv5 9 ,"l ,beaconsfield's sy/em to ! ,*ur* 0 8 natural disappo9tm5t at ! failure1 reg>d$ f "o side1 ( ! awak5+ go+ on )9 its bord]s at ! "t ( ! ,"y ,engl& movem5t4 ,a great "p ( 8 hopes re/$ on t /ir4 ,he 0 expect+ f ^? mo/ prom95t 9 x a gr& resuscitation ( ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 b 9 place ( t he says ,dr4 7n[ ,c>d9al7 ,newman & ! o!r sec$]s s\ght refuge 9 m$ival sup]/itions1 :i* are g5]ally only ! embodim5t ( pagan c]emonies & cre$s4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 !re ought n to be mu* difficulty 9 und]/&+ ei!r ,"l ,beaconsfield's position t[>ds ! ,rituali/s1 or ! c\rse he took z to ! ,public ,wor%ip ,regulation ,act4 ,:at 0 ! rem$y = ?is /ate ( society into :i* ,engl& _h fall58 ,! cure :i* seem$ natural to ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 to rev]t to ! pr9ciples ( our hi/ory4 ,practically1 ! fir/ ?+ to be done 0 to break up ! political monopoly ( ! ,:igs1 & x 0 ?is v task t he set himself to d4 ,i h already extract$ a passage d5\nc+ t p>ty 9 ! fir/ election address he issu$4 ,b "h1 too1 he _h no new c\rse to /rike out4 ,he affirm$ t bo? ,"l ,%elburne & ,mr4 ,pitt _h attempt$ ! same "w long be=e4 ,%elburne1 he said1 saw 9 ! gr[+ middle-class a bulw>k = ! ?rone aga9/ ! ,revolution families2 & ,pitt1 /ill m det]m9$ to curb ! p[] ( ! patrician p>ty1 creat$ a plebeian ari/ocracy1 :5 !y baffl$ 8 fir/ endeav\rs1 bl5d+ x ) ! old olig>*y4 ,x has n unlikely begun to dawn ^u ! read] t ,mr4 ,disraeli1 hold+ ^! views1 0 himself a ,re=m]1 ( a mu* m compreh5sive k9d ev5 ?an ! ,radicals4 ,true1 ,re=m z x actually _h come ab\t 9 #ahcb1 mo/ craftily manipulat$ z x !n 0 by ! ,:igs to _! own advantage1 skilfully snat*+ pr(it out ( :at ought to h be5 a dang] to !m1 0 n 8 notion4 ,= "p ( :at happ5$ !n he1 inde$1 ) 8 usual c\rage1 blam$ ! ,duke ( ,well+ton & 8 colleagues4 ,8 own p>ty h _h f no qu>t] criticism s sev]e z t he has giv5 !m4 ,if ,"l ,beaconsfield is 9 fav\r ( an ari/ocracy1 x is because he is = mak+ x actually lead4 ,he affirms t ! ,tories1 by _! conduct 9 (fice1 precipitat$ a revolution :i* might h be5 delay$ = half a c5tury1 & :i* ne$ nev] h occurr$ at all 9 s aggravat$ a =m4 ,all t he c\ld d1 all t he has ev] claim$ to d1 by 8 own p>tial ,re=m measure1 0 to d away ) "p ( ! ill effects ( t p>tisan move ( ! o!r side1 & to prev5t fre% ill ones f be+ work$ 9 j ! same way4 ,b !re ought to be giv5 a /ill broad] /atem5t ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's political & social doctr9es1 &1 p]haps1 ,i _c d bett] ?an make ) t view ! foll[+ quotation f ! preface to ,lo?air4 ,he !re expla9s t 8 g5]al aims 7 ^!3-- ,to *ange back ! olig>*y into a g5]\s ari/ocracy r\nd a real ?rone2 to infuse life & vig\r into ! ,*ur* z ! tra9] ( ! nation1 by ! revival ( ,convocation1 !n dumb1 on a wide basis1 & n1 z has s9ce be5 done1 9 ! %ape ( a prie/ly faction2 to e/abli% a comm]cial code on ! pr9ciples successfully negotiat$ by ,"l ,bol+broke at ,utre*t1 & :i*1 ?\gh baffl$ at ! "t by a ,:ig ,p>liam5t1 7 subsequ5tly & triumphantly v9dicat$ by 8 political pupil & heir1 ,mr4 ,pitt2 to gov]n ,irel& accord+ to ! policy ( ,*>les ,i41 & n ( ,oliv] ,cromwell2 to emancipate ! political con/itu5cies ( #ahcb f sect>ian bondage & contract$ sympa?ies2 to elevate ! physical z well ! moral condition ( ! p by e/abli%+ t lab\r requir$ regulation z mu* z prop]ty2 & all ?is r by ! use ( anci5t =ms & ! re/oration ( ! pa/ ?an by political revolution f\nd$ on ab/ract ideas4 ,?is1 he goes on to say1 appe>$ to him at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] to be ! c\rse :i* ! c\ntry requir$1 &1 he adds1 t x 0 "o :i*1 practically speak+1 c\ld only ) all _! faults & backslid+s be und]tak5 & accompli%$ by a recon/ruct$ ,tory p>ty4 ,if ,i 7 able to f9d room = br++ toge!r f ,"l ,beaconsfield's books & spee*es detail$ passages to illu/rate ?is summ>y1 x w\ld be se5 :at a coh]5t social s*eme he has always _h pres5t to 8 m9d4 ,! above h9ts1 h[ev]1 mu/ s]ve4 ,any "o :o1 aft] read+ !m1 ?9ks t !re is any gr\nd = ! electione]+ cry ! ,lib]als are try+ to raise1 t ?is is a ,m9i/] :o has no dome/ic policy1 w %[ m /olidity ?an we hope ! bulk ( ! electors possess4 ,fur!r on ,i w return = a mom5t to ?is po9t4 ,let me g at once to ! f\r? topic ,i h allott$ to myself--,"l ,beaconsfield's =eign policy4 ,?is policy1 ,i ne$ n say1 is t1 ( ! ,cab9et z well1 b ,i am n 9 ?is pap] writ+ ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,x is n my purpose to trace ! hi/ory ( ! ,ea/]n ,"q1 t ( ! ,afghan ,w>1 & ! ,zulu embroglio4 ,b !re is "o g5]al aspect ( ^! matt]s z to :i* ,i mu/ (f] two or ?ree comm5ts 9 addition to :at has be5 be=e said ab\t ,imp]ialism4 ,a set attempt has be5 made1 & is pretty c]ta9 to g on be+ made all ! "t betwe5 n[ & ! elections--:e!r !y come e>li] or lat]--& to be !n f9ally repeat$ on ! hu/+s1 to give to ,"l ,beaconsfield ! air ( a mo/ bellig]5t1 n to say a blood?ir/y1 ,m9i/]1 :o1 ! mom5t he got into (fice1 began to peep ab\t ! _w to see :]e he c\ld pick a qu>rel1 & :o has especially act$ defiantly t[>ds ,russia4 ,by way ( prelim9>y1 ,i may ask :e!r 8 pa/ antec$5ts %[ him to be a /atesman ( ?is hobgobl9 type8 ,"l ,palm]/on f\nd no m unyield+ oppon5t ( 8 turbul5t =eign policy ?an ,mr4 ,disraeli1 :o always cont5d$ t ! effect ( x 0 to draw ! national att5tion away f home re=ms4 ,:5 ! "q ( coa/ =tifications 0 be=e ,p>liam5t1 ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 among ! fir/ to prote/ aga9/ panic2 he x 0 :o spoke ( bloat$ armam5ts2 & on c\ntless occasions he has rais$ 8 voice = peace & retr5*m5t4 ,9 #ahfe he publicly decl>$ t s9ce he _h _h to d ) politics he _h kn[n only "o w> :i* 0 ju/ifiable--t wag$ 9 ! ,crimea4 ,b x may be said t x is a common artifice = m5 9 ,opposition to prea* peace4 ,let u1 !n1 turn specially to ! ,ea/]n ,"q1 & see :at gr\nds !re are = ins9uat+ t ,"l ,beaconsfield has 9 t case concoct$ a w> policy = ! purpose ( excit+ & dazzl+ ! c\ntry1 & keep+ himself 9 p[]4 ,9 #ahdc--:i* is n[ "s "t ago--9 a debate z to ! production ( pap]s on ,s]via1 9 :i* ,sir ,rob]t ,peel & ,"l ,palm]/on 7 ! *ief orators1 he made a spee* :i* conta9$ ?is passage3--,:at1 !n1 ought to be ! ,m9i/]ial policy8 ,to ma9ta9 ,turkey by diplomatic action 9 su* a /ate t %e might be able to hold indep5d5tly ! ,d>danelles4 ,:y1 ?is is ! lit]al description ( :at he has done n[4 ,& we h already se5 t 9 #ahfe1 tw5ty-two ye>s aft]1 ! "o only w> he approv$ 0 t :i* _h be5 f\ght aga9/ ,russia = ?is v purpose4 ,9 ! e>ly /age ( ! negotiations :i* l$ to t w>1 8 compla9t 0 t ! ,gov]nm5t 0 n vigor\s en\gh 9 def5d+ ,turkey4 ,b1 9 #aheg1 !re arose ano!r occasion = te/+ :e!r ,mr4 ,disraeli's feel+s naturally 7 = peace or w>4 ,he oppos$ ! w> ) ,*9a1 & 9 ! ,p]sian affair he d5\nc$ ! ,russophobia ( ,"l ,palm]/on--! v compla9t f :i*1 we inf]1 ! ,lib]als wi% him to be und]/ood to be himself suff]+ n[4 ,or take ,india z a te/4 ,accord+ to ! ,duke ( ,argyll & o!rs1 ,"l ,beaconsfield has an insatiable ?ir/ = m t]ritory 9 t "p ( ! _w4 ,v /rangely1 x 0 he :o mo/ condemn$ ! annexation ( ,oude1 go+ s f> z to make a motion = a ,royal ,commission to be s5t out to ,india to inquire into ! condition ( ! p4 ,:5 ! conte/ betwe5 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,am]ica broke out1 no public man regrett$ x m ?an he did1 & he 0 unfalt]+ly on ! side ( ! ,nor?4 ,9 fact1 only 9 "o s+le case has ,"l ,beaconsfield ev] %[n ! slighte/ disposition = sacrific+ peace1 if ne$ be--namely1 = ! *eck+ ( ,russia's port5t\s advance2 & ?is has necess>ily impli$ ! ma9t5ance ( ,turkey 9 "s degree ( p[]4 ,twice 9 8 lifetime has ! ne$ aris51 & he has act$ ! second "t 9 j ! same way t he did ! fir/1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t he happ5s n[1 =tunately1 to be 9 (fice in/ead ( 9 ,opposition4 ,9 8 fir/ spee* 9 ! ,upp] ,h\se1 ,"l ,beaconsfield said--,! ,ea/]n ,"q involves "s ( ! elem5ts ( ! di/ribution ( p[] 9 ! _w1 & involves ! exi/5ce ( empires4 ,i plead = a calm /atesmanlike consid]ation ( ! "q4 ,9 8 second great spee* 9 t ,h\se1 he made ?is rem>k1--,! indep5d5ce & integrity ( ,turkey is ! traditional policy n only ( ,engl& b ( ,europe4 ,?is is ! absolute tru?4 ,x is n he :o has inv5t$ any br&-new tactics 9 ?is matt]2 he has simply /ood ^u ! old pa?s1 & c>ri$ on ! settl$ habits ( our /atesman%ip4 ,! innovators are ,mr4 ,glad/one & ! self-/yl$ humanit>ians1 :o 7 = sub/itut+ hy/]ics = national diplomacy1 & ?\ght to solve ! ,ea/]n ,"q by pres5t+ ! ,turk ) a c>pet-bag & begg+ him to retire ) x into ,asia4 ,b x is /at$ t ,"l ,beaconsfield has defi$ ,russia4 ,well1 turn to ! fam\s ,guildhall spee*1 :i* is ! great article 9 ! indictm5t4 ,x suits 8 critics to pick words out ( x to please !m2 b x also conta9s s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 :i* !y someh[ ov]look1--,we h no?+ to ga9 by w>4 ,we are ess5tially a non-aggressive ,p[]4 ,9 t same spee*1 too1 he allud$ to ! ,emp]or ( ,russia's l(ty "*1 address+ to him words ( ! highe/ complim5t4 ,if he add$ a solemn w>n+ to t mon>* z to ! ext5t ( ,engl&'s res\rces if %e 0 =c$ into w> = ! cause ( public "r1 he /ill 0 speak+ 9 ! int]e/s ( peace1 n w>4 ,x 0 8 b\nd5 duty to prev5t ! pres5t ,cz> f fall+ into ! mi/ake 8 fa!r 0 s fatally guid$ into by ! ,man*e/] s*ool--t ( ?9k+ ,engl& w\ld 9 no case draw ! sword4 ,con/rue 8 words h[ y w1 !y am\nt to no m ?an ?is4 ,mr4 ,glad/one & 8 fri5ds1 by _! factiti\s public demon/rations1 p>tly did away ) ! natural effects ( t grave intimation1 & made x necess>y = ! ,gov]nm5t to prove its s]i\sness by br++ troops f ,india1 & actually risk+ ! v w> :i* ,"l ,beaconsfield _h wi%$ to avoid4 ,b ! ,premi] _h ! c\rage n only ( 8 op9ions b ( a true policy1 & he has _h 8 rew>d4 ,he successfully *eck$ ! s9i/] progress ( ,russia1 re/or$ ! reign ( public law 9 ,europe1 & :ile exalt+ ! r5[n ( 8 own c\ntry1 he has po9t$ ano!r empire--t ( ,au/ria--to a new c>e] :i* w b5efit ! _w z well z /r5g!n & ennoble h]self4 ,aft] ! alliance betwe5 ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y 0 proclaim$1 only "o ?+ 0 left = 8 ,lord%ip's oppon5ts to g on repeat+1--namely1 t he _h1 9 uphold+ ,turkey1 sp>$ no ?\ght or feel+ to ! victims ( h] rule4 ,9 ! v face ( ?is !re 0 ! fact t he _h made ,engl& ! =mal protector ( ! inhabitants ( ,asia ,m9or1 & _h dem&$ ,cyprus z a ne>] po9t ( obs]vation ( ! ,turk2 b ! pla9 obvi\s mean+ ( ^? arrangem5ts has be5 tri$ to be muddl$ away by misrepres5t+ ! protectorate ( ,asia ,m9or z a new insult to ,russia4 ,^! brave humanit>ians got sorely entangl$ 9 _! logic on all sides4 ,!y plead$ 9 "o brea? t ,engl& _h ra%ly und]tak5 too mu* responsibility = ^! oppress$ peoples1 & 9 ! next brea? said t no?+ w\ld ev] come ( x4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has made x all cle>1 & 9 ! simple/ way4 ,x is n fully expla9$ at ! mom5t ( our writ+ :at is ! actual ext5t ( ! pressure put ^u ! ,porte1 nor :at precise ord]s 7 s5t to our admiral1 b :5 ! rec5t news 0 fir/ publi%$ "h ! oppon5ts ( ! ,m9i/ry mu/ h felt t ,"l ,beaconsfield _h ord]$ ! ,briti% ,fleet to sail aga9/ !m :5 !y he>d x 0 in/ruct$ to /eam back = ! ,turki% wat]s4 ,k9dly meant z x might be = ^? 9 ,asia ,m9or1 x 0 a v cruel /ep on ! "p ( ,"l ,beaconsfield t[>ds "s ( 8 own c\ntrym51 = x w necessitate ! alt]+ ( a good _m already prep>$ electione]+ spee*es4 ,9 ! end1 z we v5ture to pr$ict1 x w be se5 t 8 ,lord%ip & 8 colleagues are ! true humanit>ians4 ,b let me n lose sight ( ! fact t ?is1 ?\gh a v real plea on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 is n ! "o on :i* !y ma9ly rely4 ,!y h nev] pret5d$ to be knights-errant = ! right+ ( wrongs ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,:at cont5ts !m is ! humbl] rle ( old-fa%ion$ ,engli% /atesman%ip1 :i* seeks fir/ to make sure ( ! safety ( our own empire & ! promotion ( our prop] int]e/s1 do+ :at fur!r good x c to o!r peoples incid5tally 9 dis*>g+ ! fair reasonable obligations :i* may 9 t way arise1 nor disda9+ any glory t s falls to x4 ,b an enorm\s obligation ( ?is sort 0 already on our %\ld]s--! pres]vation ( ,india4 ,we h a /rict duty to two hundr$ millions ( human be+s 9 ! ,ea/1 & ,"l ,beaconsfield & 8 colleagues1 :o appe>$ to be ! only public m5 9 ,engl& :o rememb]$ ?is1 7 det]m9$ to dis*>ge x4 ,any?+ & ev]y?+ 9 _! policy :i* may at fir/ sight seem risky or bellig]5t is expla9$ fully to e "o :o w keep t press+ ne$ be=e 8 m9d4 ,x 0 ?is :i* made !m pur*ase ! ,suez ,canal %>es1 & /r5g!n _! int]f]5ce 9 ,egypt2 x 0 ?is t made !m wi% = a cle>] und]/&+ ) ! ,ame] ( ,afghani/an4 ,b s little did !y g ab\t matt]s ) a high h&1 t !y mo/ c>efully hum\r$ ,france ) respect to ,egypt1 & at ! v e>lie/ mom5t t !y c\ld1 !y made a treaty ) a new ,afghan rul]4 ,to try to make !m appe> responsible = :at aft]w>ds occurr$ at ,cabul is ! mo/ %ameless abuse ( lic5se on ! "p ( an ,opposition :i* p>liam5t>y records c %[4 ,a ,russian embassy _h be5 in/all$ 9 ,cabul ) no o!r gu>antee = its safety ?an ! ^w ( a fri5dly ,ame]1 & our ,envoy & 8 suite 7 s5t ?i!r "u ! v same gu>antee4 ,if we 7 n to be mo/ dang]\sly ov]%ad[$ by ! ,russian example1 an ,engli% embassy _h to %[ its face 9 ,cabul2 & to say t our rul]s ei!r 9 ,calcutta or 9 ,london %\ld h =ese5 ! pusillanim\s break-d[n ( ! ,ame] & ! consequ5t massacre ( our brave c\ntrym5 is--well1 x may be bett] n fur!r to try to say :at x is4 ,our own int]e/s1 ,i repeat1 7 jeop>diz$ 9 e qu>t] :]e ! pres5t ,gov]nm5t has /irr$ h& or foot4 ,t is its broad ju/ification4 ,b ,i mu/ c]ta9ly g a /ep f>!r ?an ?is4 ,! pres5t ,m9i/ry assur$ly w\ld n be satisfi$ ) an acquittal on ! ,lib]al arraignm5t2 nor is t ! v]dict :i* ! public has giv54 ,! ,briti% p f9d ?is ,gov]nm5t guilty ( hav+ won = x & = !mselves mu* hon\r4 ,:5 ,"l ,beaconsfield saw t 9 any ev5t he 0 committ$ to a conte/ ) ,russia = ! def5ce ( ,engli% int]e/s1 he _h ! c\rage & ! wit to det]m9e t ! issue ( x %\ld be ! bett] = ! _w4 ,x is = ?is noble sup]fluity ( skilful /atesman%ip1 ?is ,imp]ial scope giv5 to ,engl&'s rul+1 t ,europe has ?ank$ him1 & ! bulk ( ?is nation applaud$ him4 ,by-&-by1 he w reap /ill fur!r cr$it1 = besides *eck+ ,russia he w ev5tually co]ce ! ,turk4 ,t fur!r obligation naturally arose out ( ! c\rse he took1 & he add$ x to 8 prop] task ( safegu>d+ our own int]e/s1 j z imp>tially z he did ! o!r aim ( arre/+ ! ,muscovite4 ,i %all n pu% ?is reason+ fur!r3 x seems to me suffici5tly triumphant z x /&s4 ,if ,"l ,beaconsfield has upheld ! ,turk1 x 0 because x 0 necess>y1 n because he admir$ him4 ,b !re is ano!r rem>k1 com+ mu* ne>] home1 t ,i wi% to make be=e conclud+ ?is section4 ,! =eign policy ( ,"l ,beaconsfield has br\ght to him & to 8 p>ty mu* r5[n2 b x has br\ght !m no?+ else4 ,t !re has be5 ! ne$ = x is = ! ,cons]vatives a positive mis=tune4 ,x has ne>ly entirely put aside ! dome/ic legislation on :i* !y reckon$ = at once r$ress+ "s grievances ( _! own1 & = satisfy+ ! t[n populations :o _! true fri5ds 74 ,let x n be =gott5 t x 0 on ?is v claim ( hav+ a dome/ic policy t ! ,cons]vatives appeal$ to ! p at ! la/ election4 ,_! oppon5ts1 :o n[ make a pret5ce ( measures ( ?is k9d be+ lack+1 !n d5\nc$ x l\dly en\gh z a policy ( sewage4 ,b ,"l ,beaconsfield's rivals h tri$ h>d to make x seem t he s\ght out1 or ev5 inv5t$1 ^! haz>d\s ev5ts abroad :i* put aside 8 home policy4 ,! v attempt impugns ! common s5se ( ! g5]al public4 ,a sort ( pretext might h be5 f\nd = ins9uat+ su* a notion if ,"l ,beaconsfield _h be5 ne>+ ! end ( exp5d+ 8 ,p>liam5t>y majority by c>ry+ p>ty measures4 ,b to suppose t a ,m9i/] atta9+ p[] 9 ! triumphant way he did w\ld wi% to be plung$ /raightway into =eign entanglem5ts1 is to imag9e him /rick5 ) idiocy4 ,"l ,beaconsfield _h _h f> too mu* exp]i5ce to make su* a prepo/]\s mi/ake4 ,he knew at ! beg9n+1 z he kn[s n[1 t nei!r ,m9i/] nor p>ty has mu* to ga9 9 any way ( p]man5t p[] or confirm$ home advantage f =eign policies1 h[ev] successful !y may turn out to be4 ,=eign dang]s are half-=gott5 z soon z !y are pa/4 ,directly1 ^! occurr5ces abroad w be b memories2 spl5did ones !y mu/ ev] rema93 b !y w h aga9/ !m1 9 ! eyes ( ! un?9k+1 ! drawback ( hav+ necess>ily1 to "s ext5t1 disord]$ ! f9ances4 ,"l ,beaconsfield's rivals are sure to make ! mo/ ( t fact on ! hu/+s1 z he well knew be=eh& !y w\ld d2 &1 to balance its effect1 he w h no?+ on :i* to rely b ! patriotic recollection ( 8 c\ntry4 ,%\ld ev]y?+ g = ! be/1 no pre/ige :i* ^! =eign successes c give him & 8 p>ty w place him m solidly 9 p[] ?an he f\nd himself at ! beg9n+ ( ?is ,p>liam5t2 yet x w only be at ! op5+ ( ! next t he w be able to pu% =w>d ! home policy int5d$ = ! pres5t ,p>liam5t4 ,ap>t f a height5+ ( =tunate reputation1 won ?r\gh mu* risk1 8 own p>ty w sc>cely h ga9$ a %r$ ( fair legislative or adm9i/rative advantage f six ye>s' spl5did possession ( ov]:elm+ p[]4 ,x does n seem ne$ful to wa/e space 9 speak+ ( ! ,zulu w>4 ,ev5 ! ,lib]als are beg9n+ to be sil5t on ! subject4 ,! affair 0 =c$ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t1 n s\ght = by !m1 & x has end$ successfully4 ,if ,i n[ ask :at h be5 ! causes ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's unexampl$ individual success1 ! rem>ks mu/ at fir/ seem to n>r[ to m]e p]sonal ones4 ,!re has1 9 tru?1 be5 m ?an "o reason = ! pres5t ,premi]'s triumphs4 ,fir/ ( all1 ,i might /ate ! matt] s g5]ally z to say t = half a c5tury he has manag$ to keep himself ! mo/ ?or\ghly int]e/+ p]sonage 9 ,engl&4 ,nei!r ,mr4 ,disraeli nor ,"l ,beaconsfield has ev] be5 dull1 :i* is ! "o only suffici5t explanation ( failure :]ev] x happ5s4 ,b su* a /atem5t ( ! matt] z ?is is too compreh5sive & wants p>ticul>iz+4 ,i may add1 !n1 t no "o has %[n s mu* pluck z he has1 & t is a quality :i* 9 ! end tells ) ! ,briti% public beyond all o!rs4 ,= "o />t+ ) 8 disadvantage ( race to dream 9 ^? days ( a political c>e] 0 mo/ c\rage\s1 b s soon z x began to be se5 t he w\ld triumph ov] all ob/acles1 8 v difficulties turn$ to 8 advantage4 ,he soon comm&$ ev]ybody's sympa?ies except ^? ( injur$ p>tisans on ! o!r side4 ,n t x 0 sympa?y he begg$ =2 x 0 admiration he extort$4 ,especially has he by means ( 8 writ+s _h ! g5]\s feel+ ( y\? 9 8 fav\r1 g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,!y c nev] rema9 unt\*$ by ! spectacle ( a successful fight aga9/ circum/ances4 ,b ,"l ,beaconsfield has n ow$ all to da% & d>+4 ,8 indu/ry has be5 equal to 8 pluck4 ,if he _h only be5 a politician t w\ld h _h to be said2 & s x aga9 w\ld if he _h only be5 kn[n z ! writ] ( 8 works4 ,put bo? ! c>e]s toge!r & nobody else has %[n su* f]tility ( bra94 ,8 m>vell\s intellect has nev] tir$4 ,! v]satility1 too1 has be5 m>vell\s3 a noveli/ & a diplomati/1 a poet & a ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 a satiri/ & a successful lead] ( ,opposition4 ,= fifty ye>s1 9 "o or o!r ( ^! *>act]s1 & (t5 9 sev]al ( !m at once1 8 wit has nev] ceas$ blaz+1 save :5 he himself1 ! only "o :o ev] tir$ ( its play--except1 inde$1 ^? hit by x--has *os5 to smo!r x 9 sil5ce2 b x 0 always ready to fla% =? ^u occasion1 & is z bright to-day z ev]4 ,b1 to come yet clos] to ! he>t ( ! secret ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's success1 8 fai?ful devotion to ! great hi/oric p>ty he alli$ himself ) has be5 equal to 8 c\rage1 to 8 indu/ry1 & to 8 abilities4 ,no politician c make an individual c>e]2 he has to f9d 8 success 9 ! prosp]ity ( 8 foll[]s4 ,! loyalty :i* ,"l ,beaconsfield has %[n to 8 p>ty & ! ungrudg+ recognition !y h paid to him has half-r$eem$ ! h>dness ( our co>se p>tisan politics4 ,"s ,lib]als h _h ! want ( wit1 )\t our go+ s f> z to say ! lack ( capability ( feel+1 to express surprise at ! fai?ful respect %[n to ,"l ,beaconsfield by 8 pres5t colleagues4 ,t ,"l ,beaconsfield has a p]sonal *>m mu/ be admitt$1 = he has turn$ e "o :o 0 ev] br\ght into any degree ( ne>ness ) him into a fri5d1 z well z a colleague4 ,^? :o l may believe t he has done x by ! use ( magic philtres2 less cr$ul\s p w1 p]haps1 cont5t !mselves ) ?9k+ t 8 spell has be5 simply t ( /r5g? ( "*1 sup]ior exp]i5ce1 & a non-despotic mann]4 ,"o ?+ is v pat5t4 ,?is *ief ( a ,cab9et :o is said to h impr9t$ ev]y:]e 8 own individuality on ! ,m9i/]ial policy1 has nev] practis$ ! slighte/ int]f]5ce ) 8 subord9ates4 ,x is n he :o has be5 *>g$ ) an uncontrollable wi% to be ! repres5tative ( all ! ,m9i/ry 9 8 own p]son4 ,j z he c\ld %[ pati5ce :5 a lead] ( ,opposition1 he has be5 able to be sil5t :5 a ,m9i/]4 ,h[ev]1 x has be5 r ins9uat$ t he became pret]naturally active 9 ! ,cab9et ,c\ncils--!re /&+ =? a wiz>d1 & ca/ all 8 colleagues into a clairvoyant slumb]4 ,/range to say1 !y rema9$ 9 ! same comatose condition aft]w>ds 9 bo? ,h\ses1 nev] wak+ up ?\gh speak+ & pass+ measures4 ,two memb]s ( 8 ,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 h brok5 away--,lords ,d]by & ,c>n>von h escap$ f ! magician's cell2 b !y h divulg$ no?+ z to any necromantic viol5ce work$ on !m4 ,no1 ,"l ,beaconsfield's fair & reasonable asc5d5cy has be5 m hone/ly won4 ,b 8 m>vell\s fri5d%ips h n be5 ! only s(t5+ t\*es 9 8 c>e]4 ,all ,engl& felt a /range ?rill+ ab\t ! he>t on ! morn+ :5 x he>d t ,mr4 ,disraeli's wife 0 h5ce=? to be ! ,visc\ntess ,beaconsfield4 ,x 0 a dome/ic idyll sudd5ly disclos$ 9 ! c5tre ( ,briti% politics4 ,a man :o c make 8 own he>? ! sc5e ( romance1 conv]t all :o "k him well into true fri5ds1 & w9 all ! "y p ( a nation1 mu/ be some?+ m ?an a self-seek]4 ,/ill1 ?\gh ^! ?+s might expla9 ,"l ,beaconsfield be+ s int]e/+1 some?+ else has yet to be add$ to acc\nt = ! ov]:elm+ importance :i* he has atta9$ 9 ! la/ p]iod ( 8 c>e]4 ,n ev5 ! success ( 8 p>ty c\ld h giv5 him t unless ! policy :i* secur$ ?is prosp]ity _h obta9$1 also1 ! exalt+ ( ! nation4 ,x is ?is :i* is 8 f9al boa/2 he has uplift$ high] ! fame ( ,engl&1 & by do+ t has made 8 own r5[n ! great]4 ,once m1 x 0 a*iev$ 9 ! simple/ way4 ,he inv5t$ no?+1 /ra9$ at no?+1 b only boldly c>ri$ on ! tradition>y ,engli% policy1 at a mom5t :5 8 oppon5ts 7 will+ to =get x2 & 9 m]ely prov+ equal to ! opportunity1 & d>+ to make ,brita9 act wor?ily ( h] hi/ory1 he has *ang$ by h] means ! de/9y ( ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,n only 8 own c\ntrym51 b ,europe & nations m di/ant /ill1 to-day hail him z ! greate/ ( mod]n ,engli% /atesm54 ,t is a title & dignity some:at high] ?an an ,e>ldom1 & x is "u t l>g] /yle t ^? :o wi% to d ,"l ,beaconsfield full hon\r w h to allude to him h]eaft] 9 ! national annals4 ,^! are "s ( ! reasons :y we hon\r & foll[ him4 ,a ,,tory4 ,,ii4--,,:y ,,we ,,disbelieve ,,9 ,,him4 ,if a ,:ig _h be5 ask$ t5 or a doz5 ye>s ago1 or inde$ six ye>s back1 to write 8 impressions ( ,mr4 ,disraeli1 he w\ld h set ab\t x 9 a /rik+ly diff]5t _s f t :i* ! task awak5s n[4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has rec5tly become mu* too s]i\s a joke 9 ! national hi/ory1 b = a v long "t ! jocosity 0 light en\gh4 ,9 ! eyes ( all ,lib]als :o _h n fully acquir$ ! gravity ( _! own fundam5tal pr9ciples1 !re 01 d[n to a v late p]iod1 always some?+ div]t+ ab\t ,mr4 ,disraeli4 ,he might & did vex !m1 b %ortly !y 7 aga9 smil+ at him4 ,! explanation 0 ?is1 t = a long "t 8 pres5ce 9 ,p>liam5t h>dly at all h9d]$ ! progress ( ,lib]al measures4 ,:5ev] a legislative re=m 0 propos$1 he inv>iably spoke aga9/ x1 & at "s /age aft]w>ds ! ,cons]vatives vot$ 9 a body ! same way4 ,f ! vot+ be+ subsequ5t to ! speak+1 !re 0 an illusive appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,disraeli's spee*ify+ be+ ! cause ( ! ,tory division li/4 ,b1 9 reality1 !re 0 no su* connection1 & ! ,lib]als 7 aw>e ( x4 ,!y all knew t ! ,cons]vatives w\ld h vot$ j ! same )\t a ^w be+ spok54 ,if1 dur+ all ! ye>s ,"l ,palm]/on 0 9 p[]1 almo/ ! :ole ( ,"l ,russell's e>li] & lat] (ficial t]ms1 & d[n to ne>ly ! end ( ,mr4 ,glad/one's ,m9i/ry1 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 in/ead ( mak+ spee*es1 _h amus$ 8 audi5ce by pir\ett+ on "o leg night aft] night1 ! practical result w\ld h be5 exactly ! same4 ,x c\ld n h be5 s ent]ta9+ to ! ,lib]als1 because1 look+ at "s memb]s ( ! ,cons]vative p>ty1 x w\ld h exce$$ ! b\nds ( belief to suppose t ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 really twirl+ = ! :ole1 :]eas x did someh[ come to be accept$ t he 0 speak+ = all ( !m4 ,! unlook$-= ?\ghts he pret5d$ to put into _! m9ds1 & ! prepo/]\s words he did put ^u _! lips1 kept all ,engli%m5 :o 7 n ,cons]vatives %ak+ _! sides ) laught]4 ,x 0 z if a =eign ,w-o'-!-,wisp _h /ray$ into ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t1 always1 h[ev]1 keep+ himself & 8 antics on ! ,cons]vative side1 z be+1 we suppose1 ! wor/-dra9$ "p ( ! ,h\se1 :]e ! morasses lay4 ,ev5 :51 to ! amazem5t ( ! c\ntry g5]ally1 ,mr4 ,disraeli f\nd 8 way into (fice1 ! m]rim5t did n /op4 ,nobody :o has rea*$ mature ye>s c =get :at an a/\nd+ droll]y x 0 ?\ght to be :5 ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 made ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ] by ,"l ,d]by4 ,= ! "t x seem$ to conv]t ,engli% politics into pantomime4 ,w-o'-!-,wisp _h be5 ask$ by ! c\ntry p>ty to und]take ! po/ ( *ief f9anci]4 ,ev]ybody on ! o!r side 0 prep>$ be=eh& to laugh at 8 ,budgets2 &1 :5 !y 7 prop\nd$1 ! ,lib]als did laugh a little m ev5 ?an !y _h expect$ to d4 ,:5 he br\ght 9 8 ,india ,bill1 ! m]rim5t grew p]fectly upro>i\s1--,man*e/]1 ,liv]pool1 ,glasg[1 ,belfa/1 & ! o!r l>ge comm]cial t[ns explod+ "o aft] ! o!r4 ,x 0 ! same :5 he propos$ to give sixte5 millions = ,iri% railways2 x 0 ! same ) ! fir/ sket*es ( 8 ,re=m ,bill4 ,surely nobody c h =gott5 ! fancy fran*ises8 ,9 a ^w1 e dome/ic measure t ,mr4 ,disraeli ev] propos$ 01 9 ! fir/ %ape 9 :i* x 0 pres5t$1 receiv$ ) mir? f ne>ly e qu>t] except+ 8 imm$iate re>4 ,!re sat 8 support]s1 usually 9 ^? ye>s we>+ r long faces dur+ ! e>li] p]iod ( ! /atem5ts1 & app>5tly wond]+ if _! e>s c\ld possibly be tell+ !m rightly4 ,b all ?is1 z !re is n a s+le ,lib]al 9 ! c\ntry b w admit1 is a good deal alt]$4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has rec5tly sign$ =eign treaties on ,engl&'s behalf1 insi/+ mo/ successfully1 he tells u1 on :at k9d ( treaties !y %\ld be2 he has und\bt$ly put our armies & fleets into motion2 &1 :ile risk+ w> 9 ,europe1 has actually wag$ x 9 ,asia & ,africa4 ,! bu/le ( ^! ev5ts1 & a c]ta9 dazzle & glitt] att5d+ !m1 cause p 9 g5]al1 at ?is mom5t1 to =get all t prior long p]iod ( non-success on 8 "p 9 ev]y?+ else b mak+ successive /eps ( p]sonal advancem5t4 ,:at has happ5$ lately 9 ,"l ,beaconsfield's c>e] has c]ta9ly worn a look ( importance1 & x has und\bt$ly embodi$ political p[]4 ,if1 z ! ,lib]als w h x1 he is /ill really ,w-o'-!-,wisp z mu* z ev]1 he has manag$ to get hold ( ! sword ( ,engl&1 & has = "s "t be5 play+ ) x to ! great wond] ( =eign nations4 ,b h[ has ?is *ange 9 8 position be5 work$8 ,?is is ! "q ,i want n[ to consid]4 ,a ,hebrew by desc5t1 a ,*ri/ian by pr(ession1 & 9 politics a ,tory--su* is ,"l ,beaconsfield4 ,?is description1 on ! v face ( x1 is a r mix$ "o1 & implies a s+ul> c>e]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! la/ item :i* specially fixes my att5tion4 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 sp>se ?\gh ! in/ances are1 0 n ! fir/ ( 8 race :o *ang$ 8 fai?4 ,also1 !re h be51 & inde$ /ill are1 o!r ,hebrews :o h ent]$ public life 9 ,engl&1 & atta9$ conspicu\sness 9 x4 ,b ^?1 :ile rema9+ ne>ly inv>iably ,jews 9 religion1 became ,lib]als 9 politics4 ,9 fact1 ,"l ,beaconsfield is ! only ,hebrew ( importance kn[n :o turn$ ,tory4 ,x 0--& at fir/ sight x gives a highly religi\s air to ! ,cons]vative p>ty--indisp5sable to 8 do+ ?is t he %\ld fir/ be a ,*ri/ian4 ,n be+ t he w\ld inde$ h _h to wait till ! ,lib]als c>ri$ _! ,bill = ! ,removal ( ,jewi% ,disabilities be=e he c\ld h jo9$ ! ,cons]vatives inside ,p>liam5t4 ,t circum/ance1 aga91 seems to give to 8 c>e] a curi\s aspect4 ,9 fact1 ! reflection is =c$ ^u "o s e>ly z ?is1--:at an utt] failure ,mr4 ,disraeli mu/ h be5 if he _h n s amaz+ly succe$$6 ,to be a ,hebrew-,tory left j two issues1 ei!r to become ! lead] ( ! p>ty or ! v humble/ memb] ( x4 ,all ! circum/ances w\ld seem to po9t to ! latt] alt]native z be+ ! natural "o1 b x is ! o!r :i* has someh[ come ab\t4 ,mr4 ,disraeli has fl[]$ into ! ,e>l ( ,beaconsfield1 & has n[ twice be51 & w rema9 = a little "t long]1 ! ,prime ,m9i/] ( ,great ,brita94 ,mr4 ,disraeli did n wait = 8 celebrity until he ent]$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons2 he ga!r$ ! r5[n ( au?or%ip1 & ,i might add1 rememb]+ ! numb] ( con/itu5cies he tri$ be=e he 0 elect$1 ! notoriety ( out-door political life1 be=e he pluck$ ! fame ( /atesman%ip4 ,at ! e>ly age ( tw5ty-two he 0 a lit]>y lion 9 ,london society2 8 only claim to ?is premature publicity1 ?\gh x 0 held to be q suffici5t1 be+ t he 0 ! writ] ( ,vivian ,grey4 ,x is q impossible to beg9 to speak ( ,"l ,beaconsfield 9 any o!r way ?an 9 connection ) ,vivian ,grey1 al?\gh he is und]/ood n altoge!r to approve ( "o's do+ s4 ,all ! _w kn[s1 or is suppos$ to "k1 ?is "w4 ,mr4 ,disraeli's own description ( its object 0 t x 0 meant to pa9t ! c>e] ( a y\? ( tal5t 9 mod]n society1 ambiti\s ( political celebrity4 ,ne>ly ev]ybody has p]si/$ 9 reg>d+ x z a k9d ( prospective autobiography1 :i* ! writ] has ev] s9ce be5 occupi$ 9 realiz+4 ,c]ta9ly ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 at t "t a y\?1 & a y\? ( tal5t2 he mu/ h be5 9 society or he c\ld n h kn[n a great _m p :o are sket*$ 9 ! pages2 & x is impossible = him to d5y t he 0 ambiti\s ( political celebrity4 ,! means ,vivian ,grey adopt$ = atta9+ t aim 71 also1 wond]fully l "s ( ^? :i* ,mr4 ,disraeli himself aft]w>ds1 by "s mi/ake1 appe>$ to use4 ,on ! title-page ( ! book 0 ! well-kn[n quotation f ,anci5t ,pi/ol1 to :om1 9 ! eyes ( "s p1 ,"l ,beaconsfield at c]ta9 mom5ts ( 8 c>e] has ev] _h an indi/9ct resemblance4 ,! _w is m9e oy/]1 ! motto /at$1 ei!r on behalf ( ! writ] or ! h]o2 go+ on to add ! re/1 to ! effect t ei!r ! "o or ! o!r meant to op5 x4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has assur$ly done s4 ,! pr(\nd reflection :i* prompts ! y\?ful h]o ( ! book to 8 c\rse ( action 0 ?is3--,h[ _m a p[]ful noble wants only wit to be a ,m9i/]2 & :at wants ,vivian ,grey to atta9 ! same end8 ,t noble's influ5ce4 ,n _m ye>s aft] ?is ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 se5 9 public v close to ,"l ,*&os4 ,b x 0 n t ,"l b ,"l ,c>abas t ,vivian ,grey *ose = 8 patron1 :i* is1 no d\bt1 a diff]5ce4 ,! /ory mo/ frankly relates h[ ,vivian w9s ! m>quis by tea*+ him h[ to make tomahawk pun*1 h[ he w9s ! m>*ioness by complim5t+ h] poodle1 & h[ dur+ ! task he consoles himself by su* ?\ghts z ?is3--,oh1 politics1 ?\ spl5did juggle6 ,8 settl$ purpose he ?us sums up3 ,mank9d1 !n1 is my great game4 ,he expressly /ates t he is to w9 ?is game by ! use ( 8 tongue1 on :i* he /ates he is able to p]=m "r skilfully2 b x w1 he recognises1 be requisite to mix ) ! h]d & to hum\r _! weaknesses4 ,! *ief guid+ rule :i* he lays d[n = himself 9 ! mid/ ( x all is1 t he mu/ be reckless ( all consequ5ces save 8 own prosp]ity4 ,!re are p :o /ill believe t 9 all ?is !y see sket*$ ! v det]m9ations1 maxims1 & rules :i* are to be f\nd delib]ately c>ri$ out 9 ,mr4 ,disraeli's actual c>e]4 ,x is p]plex+4 ,! p>allel1 !y ass]t1 runs into ! close/ correspond5ce ( detail4 ,vivian ,grey's model au?or is ,bol+broke2 & ev]ybody kn[s t he1 also1 0 ,mr4 ,disraeli's4 ,! "y man 9 ! book %[s 8 rev]5tial admiration = ,bol+broke by inv5t+ a few passages & putt+ !m into t p]sonage's m\? = ! bett] bamboozl+ ( ,"l ,c>abas2 & x is kn[n t ,mr4 ,disraeli1 at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 life1 has tak5 passages f o!r p & put !m into 8 own m\?4 ,b ,i _c pursue ?is comp>ison or contra/1 or :atev] x is1 f>!r3 x w be bett] se5 z ,i g on1 :at gr\nds p h _h = behold+ ,mr4 ,disraeli 9 ,vivian ,grey4 ,= ! pres5t x is en\gh to say1 t x 0 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 & n ,vivian ,grey1 :o wrote ?is book4 ,s mu* z t is q c]ta94 ,a fiction ( ! k9d above briefly h9t$ at 0 ! fir/ fruit ( ,mr4 ,disraeli's intellect2 x 0 9 p5n+ ^? pages ( c>icature ( ev]ybody :o 0 notable 9 ,london society t he exp5d$ ! fir/ fre% en?usiasm ( 8 m9d1 & display$ ! e>li] unta9t$ innoc5ce ( 8 disposition4 ,"l ,beaconsfield has spok5 ( x z a book writt5 by a boy4 ,x 0 t :i* made x s m>vell\s4 ,?is boy began ) satire1 & x might h be5 pr$ict$ t ! juv5ile w\ld develop into an exceptional man4 ,x 0 n until #ahcg1 :5 ,mr4 ,disraeli 0 ab\t ?irty-?ree ye>s old1 t he ent]$ ,p>liam5t4 ,maid/one _h ! hon\r ( f9d+ him 8 fir/ seat1 ?\gh he _h be5 will+ to repres5t ?ree o!r bor\ghs previ\sly1 if !re _h n be5 reluctance on ! "p ( ! con/itu5cies4 ,high ,wycombe saw 8 e>lie/ appe>ance on ! hu/+s1 &1 inde$1 x beheld him z a c&idate m ?an once1 b nev] z a memb]4 ,he also (f]$ himself to ,m>ylebone4 ,by "s mi/ake x 0 suppos$ t 9 ^! in/ances he came =w>d z a ,radical4 ,c]ta9ly 8 addresses spoke ( %ort ,p>liam5ts1 ! ballot1 & o!r measures commonly held to be ,lib]al4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,hume1 ,mr4 ,o',connell1 & ,sir ,f4 ,burdett fell "u ! delusion1 & wrote lett]s recomm5d+ him1 ?\gh !y aft]w>ds )drew !m4 ,b :51 a little lat]1 ,mr4 ,disraeli conte/$ ,taunton z a ,tory he expla9$ x all4 ,x seems t x arose out ( a my/ification4 ,f ! fir/ he really /ood z an ,anti-,:ig1 :i* ! ,lib]als ?\ght meant a ,radical2 & ,mr4 ,disraeli1 n wi%+ unnecess>ily to di/urb _! m9ds1 _h let !m g on ?9k+ s4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no d\bt :atev] z to 8 politics long be=e he 0 f9ally successful at ,maid/one4 ,he _h become intimate ) ,"l ,*&os1 & _h _h 8 "n toa/$ at banquets by ! ,aylesbury f>m]s z a fri5d ( ! agricultural int]e/4 ,! :ole "q is "o sc>cely wor? debat+4 ,i myself believe t ! prop] description ( ,mr4 ,disraeli at ?is "t 0 n /rictly ei!r t ( ,radical or ,tory2 8 accurate designation w\ld h run1--,an int5d+ politician det]m9$ someh[ to get into ,p>liam5t1 & look+ eag]ly = ! fir/ op5+4 ,let me also add t1 f a review ( all 8 ta/es1 ,i fur!r believe t he w\ld h pref]r$ ! op5+ to (f] on ! ,tory side1 if only x _h come soon en\gh4 ,! e>ly "p ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's ,p>liam5t>y life w h to be compress$ into a v brief space4 ,:]e w\ld be ! good ( re-op5+ 9 any detail ! clos$ /ory ( ^? /ale politics1 all z dead z ,que5 ,anne h]self2 or :]e ! use ( treat+ ,mr4 ,disraeli's do+s z v s]i\sly =m+ "p ( ^? politics8 ,he simply avail$ himself ( 8 opportunities4 ,= all practical purposes ,i might ne>ly skip--/range z t at fir/ sight seems--to 8 second t]m ( (fice 9 ! po/ ( ,premi]4 ,x is only dur+ a comp>atively v few ( ^! lat] ye>s t ,"l ,beaconsfield has be5 ( real importance 9 our politics4 ,( c\rse1 he _h always mu* significance = 8 p>ty1 b x is ( ! nation ,i am speak+ "h4 ,^! individual tactics h only any g5]al int]e/ n[ ?r\gh _! mak+ him successively ,cons]vative lead]1 ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 & ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,no?+ 9 ?is _w1 ,i %\ld say1 w\ld be m t$i\s ?an trac+1 = example1 h[ ,mr4 ,disraeli trimm$ & tack$ betwe5 ,protection1 ,reciprocity1 ,revision ( ,taxation 9 ! int]e/s ( ! f>m]s1 & a recognition ( ,free ,trade4 ,x all result$ 9 no?+2 at lea/1 ! "o s+le result x has br\ght =? has be5--,"l ,beaconsfield4 ,b if a detail$ retrospect ( 8 lord%ip's e>li] c>e] w\ld n[ h ?is dre>y aspect1 x 0 at ! "t lively en\gh1 f mom5t to mom5t1 n only on acc\nt ( 8 debat+ sm>tness1 b ow+ to a c]ta9 droll]y :i* x = a long "t wore4 ,a ,m9i/]1 pla9ly1 mu/ get bo? 8 glory & 8 p[] f ei!r dome/ic measures or f =eign policy4 ,v curi\sly1 consid]+ all ! facts ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's hi/ory d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ?is la/ t]m ( (fice1 x 0 only to home matt]s t he %\ld h look$ = any di/9ction4 ,an impression seems oddly to h popul>iz$ itself t he has a special g5ius = =eign affairs1 & an enorm\s acqua9tance ) diplomacy4 ,i c only say1 t five ye>s ago nobody knew x4 ,! real tru? is1 t he _h nev] any opportunities be=e ( m$dl+ ) ev5ts abroad1 & t we h be5 repres5t$ 9 ^! rec5t =eign complications by a ,m9i/] :o1 to t v mom5t1 _h _h less to d ) diplomacy ?an any ,engli% ,premi] = fully ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury4 ,"l ,beaconsfield's m9d has always be5 occupi$ ) home affairs1 & 8 *>act]i/ic views on ^! come f ! qu>t] :5ce x is suppos$ all tru? has be5 d]iv$--! ,ea/4 ,he someh[ pick$ !m up dur+ two ye>s ( travel 9 ^? p>ts1 f #ahbi to #ahca4 ,ab\t ! =m] date1 ,mr4 ,disraeli's fir/ brilliant b v brief lit]>y success 0 ov]4 ,he _h publi%$ a second "p ( ,vivian ,grey1 :i* ! public someh[ 0 too busy to read2 & _h issu$ a fur!r "w ( satire1 ,popanilla1 :i* x also neglect$ to buy4 ,mr4 ,disraeli imm$iately vani%$ into ! ,ori5t4 ,:51 aft] visit+ ,j]usalem1 & l+]+1 z he tells u1 on ! pla9s ( ,troy1 he return$ to ^! %ores1 he br\ght back ) him ! ,asian ,my/]y & a :ole app>atus ( political & social pr9ciples4 ,he _h also "s manuscripts1 :i* did n turn out to be ( s mu* importance--,cont>9i ,flem+ & ,! ,"y ,duke4 ,x 0 ! mo/ surpris+ly fruitful voyage ( discov]y t any travell] ev] made4 ,ye>s elaps$ be=e all ! pr9ciples 7 giv5 to ! _w1 b ,mr4 ,disraeli _h !m by him4 ,"s ( !m are1 inde$1 h9t$ at z e>ly z #ahce1 :5 he issu$ 8 ,v9dication ( ! ,engli% ,con/itution1 be=e he 0 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,/ill1 ! sy/em 0 n divulg$ 9 its entirety until he 0 9 ! ,h\se1 & _h f\nd$ :at became kn[n z ! ,"y ,engl& ,s*ool4 ,x is to ! s]ies ( political novels :i* he !n wrote t we mu/ turn = ! complete exposition ( 8 fundam5tal ideas4 ,someh[1 x has always seem$ to ev]ybody ! mo/ natural & fitt+ ?+ 9 ! _w t ,mr4 ,disraeli %\ld h correct$ ! inaccuracies ( our national hi/ory1 & %[n our social fallacies1 by writ+ works ( fiction4 ,! in/ruction ) :i* he began ! new tra9+ ( ! public 0 ?is--t our hi/ory is1 9 all ! latt] "p ( x1 entirely wrong4 ,9 ,sybil1 he ?us gives 8 g5]al op9ion ( ! way 9 :i* x has be5 writt53--,all ! great ev5ts h be5 di/ort$1 mo/ ( ! important causes conceal$1 "s ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s nev] appe>1 & all :o figure are s misund]/ood & misrepres5t$ t ! result is a complete my/ification4 ,assur$ly if ?is1 or any?+ l x1 0 ! /ate ( ?+s1 ,mr4 ,disraeli _h n discov]$ x "o mom5t too soon1 & he 0 m ?an ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ x kn[n4 ,on all ! po9ts nam$ 9 ! above summ>y he supplies mo/ important rectifications4 ,x seems t ! p ( ?is c\ntry1 9 s f>1 t is1 z !y 7 n ! m]e/ tools ( _! rul]s1 7 "u an entire mi/ake z to ,rome want+ any dom9ation 9 ,engl& 9 ,h5ry ! ,eigh? & ,elizabe?'s "t2 & t1 /range to say1 !y also aga9 fell into exactly ! same delusion at ! expulsion ( ,james ,i4 ,mr4 ,disraeli puts ! p :o liv$ at ^? times "r on ^! matt]s4 ,b x 0 a section ( nobles :o at ! latt] juncture 7 to blame2 ^?1 namely1 :o _h be5 enri*$ by ! spoliation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 inde$1 gives ! v simple/ explanation ( ! ,revolution ( #afhh4 ,he /ates t ! great ,:ig families 7 afraid t ,k+ ,james meant to reapply ! ,*ur* l&s to ! education ( ! p & ! support ( ! poor1 &1 9 _! al>m1 !y br\ght ov] ,pr9ce ,william1 :o gladly came1 s9ce x 0 only 9 ,engl& t he c\ld reckon on be+ able to borr[ money en\gh to c>ry on 8 fail+ w> aga9/ ,france4 ,9 & f t h\r happ5$ ! cata/rophe :i* ov]:elm$ ! ,engli% p--! ,cr[n became enslav$ by a ,:ig olig>*y4 ,:at ,mr4 ,disraeli /yles ,v5etian politics ru%$ 9 ^u u1 & ^!1 by ! aid ( :at he fur!r calls ,dut* f9ance--t is1 ! incurr+ ( a ,national ,debt--made =eign comm]ce necess>y1 & increas$ ! obligation ( home indu/ry2 ne>ly1 z might be expect$1 ru9+ ev]y?+4 ,all ! m mod]n p]iod ( our hi/ory _h be51 he 9 ! mo/ wond]ful way expla9s1 a fight to ! dea? betwe5 ^! fe>ful ,:ig nobles on ! "o h&1 &1 on ! o!r1 a /ruggl+ h]oic ,cr[n & "s enlight5$ patriotic ,tory pe]s4 ,! true incid5ts ( ?is d>k & /up5d\s conflict _h nev] be5 cle>ly obs]v$ by ! p 9 g5]al at ! "t1 nor _h ! real ev5ts be5 record$ 9 any ( ! common *ronicles4 ,b1 z any "o w be ready to all[1 ,mr4 ,disraeli c\ld n be blam$ = ?is4 ,:at 0 especially to 8 cr$it 0 t he _h himself f\nd out t ! real rul] ( ,engl&1 9 ! era imm$iately prec$+ 8 own1 0 a c]ta9 ,major ,wildman1 :om nobody be=e ,mr4 ,disraeli _h ev] 9 ! lea/ suspect$ ( wield+ supreme p[]4 ,i _c /ay to give ! details ( ?is port5t\s disclosure1 b anybody may f9d !m 9 ,"l ,beaconsfield's surpris+ pages4 ,b 9 spite ( sup]human ex]tions 9 ! cause ( ! p by ,"l ,%elburne1 & aft] him ,mr4 ,pitt1 ! wick$ ,:igs always triumph$2 ! cr[n+ act ( duplicity on _! "p be+1 9 fact1 ! pass+ ( ! ,re=m ,bill ( #ahcb4 ,! above is a highly cond5s$1 b /rictly accurate summ>y ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's v]sion ( our national hi/ory4 ,any read] by ! slighte/ rummag+ 9 8 own m9d w "k h[ f> 8 own impressions agree ) x4 ,b ?is is only 8 ,lord%ip's in/ruction ( u z to facts3 ,i mu/ proce$ to /ate ! pr9ciples ( action he f\nds ^u !m4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ,i f9d myself br\ght up a little4 ,if ! :ole tru? is to be spok51 ?is fur!r task is m easily ann\nc$ ?an p]=m$4 ,mr4 ,disraeli1 9 ^? e>ly days1 assur$ly made a great appe>ance ( /at+ 8 political op9ions2 b x almo/ seems z if a novel1 aft] all1 is n ! be/ means ( exp\nd+ political doctr9e4 ,! m y attempt to lay hold ( ^! pr9ciples ! m !y someh[ %[ a lack ( exactness4 ,b let me try4 ,he aga9 & aga9 affirms t he is = our hav+ a real ?rone1 :i* he ass]ts %\ld be surr\nd$ by a g5]\s ari/ocracy2 & he wi%es1 moreov]1 = a p :o %all be loyal & rev]5tially religi\s4 ,all ?is c]ta9ly s\nds z if x meant some?+ v satisfactory4 ,x is only :5 y try to p5etrate into x t y\r ov]-curiosity leads to p]plexity4 ,nei!r ,mr4 ,disraeli nor ,"l ,beaconsfield has ev] def9itely expla9$1 = example1 h[ f> a ?rone be+ real means t he or %e sitt+ ^u x %all h a p]sonal veto4 ,all t y c q cle>ly make out z to secur+ g5]\sness 9 ! ari/ocracy is t !y %all n be ,:igs2 y may suppose t !y ought to be1 &1 9 fact1 no d\bt w\ld be1 ,tories4 ,pu%$ /rictly home1 x w\ld seem to be impli$ t e pe] :o holds prop]ty :i* once belong$ to ! ,*ur* %\ld be /ripp$ ( x1 & x might be con/ru$ to mean t !y %\ld become common]s4 ,!n1 z to ! p at l>ge1 h[ are !y to be made loyal & religi\s1 s9ce x seems t !y are nei!r ( ^! n[8 ,f n ! lea/ important p>ts ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's tea*+1 ! fir/ /ep logically to be tak5 ) ?is view w\ld be to ask ! vote back f all ( !m :o n[ h x4 ,8 own ,h\sehold ,fran*ise ,bill w h giv5 m "w to d 9 ?is way4 ,b ! pass+ ( t my/]i\s measure has be5 expla9$1--x 01 at ! mom5t1 a necess>y piece ( p>ty tactics4 ,/rictly reg>d$1 ! explanation po9ts to ! conclusion t1 if x c\ld be done safely1 ! ,act ought to be revok$ to-morr[4 ,b1 c]ta9ly1 x 0 no su* measure z t he reli$ ^u = elevat+ ! condition ( ! p4 ,:at he did dep5d ^u = do+ x he has specifi$1 & x is ?is1--! revival ( ,*ur* ,convocation on a p>ticul> basis1 ( :i* he kn[s ! exact measurem5t4 ,possibly ! read]1 if he is n a political p>tisan1 is gr[+ puzzl$4 ,0 no?+ else1 he may ask1 propos$ 9 ! ,disraelian sy/em = ! cure ( popul> evils8 ,?is1 c]ta9ly1 0 n ! :ole ( :at x includ$ "s m5tion (4 ,= example1 ! preface to ,lo?air /ates t "o ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's aims always 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( :at he t]ms a comm]cial code on ! pr9ciples successfully negotiat$ by---- ,no1 x 0 n by ,cobd5 & ,bright1 = x w be rememb]$ ,"l ,beaconsfield did n adh]e to t3 b ! full s5t5ce runs1--successfully negotiat$ by ,"l ,bol+broke at ,utre*t4 ,he f>!r /ates t x is a pr9ciple ) him t lab\r requires regulat+ no less ?an prop]ty4 ,i myself _c ass]t t ,i ev] met ) any "o :o pr(ess$ to und]/& :at ?is means2 b lab\r1 & regulat+1 & prop]ty are v good words1 & if !re has n be5 a great wa/e ( language1 ! rem>k mu/ signify a good deal4 ,8 sy/em1 also1 does really make allusion to ! electorate1 = x specifies z ano!r ( 8 *]i%$ purposes1 ! emancipation ( ! con/itu5cies ( #ahcb4 ,o!r p us$1 9 an old-fa%ion$ way1 to talk ( enfran*is+ non-electors2 b x is ! vot]s t ,"l ,beaconsfield is = emancipat+4 ,! two mo/ def9ite /atem5ts ( 8 political !ory are to be f\nd 9 ,sybil1 :]e he makes ,g]>d say t ! natural lead]s ( ! p1 & _! only ones1 are ! ari/ocracy2 & adds1 ?r\gh ! m\? ( somebody else1 t ! ,*ur* has des]t$ ! p1 to :i* he attributes _! hav+ become degrad$4 ,"o ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's v /ronge/ po9ts has always be5 ?is physical & moral degradation ( ! p4 ,he has talk$ ab\t x s mu* t x has ne>ly seem$ t he _h got "s plan = do+ some?+ = x4 ,9 ! sket*es he gives 9 ,sybil ( ! homes 9 ,m>n]1 ! d5s 9 :i* ! work+ classes dwell1 & ! squalor ( _! condition1 he ne>ly t\*es ! he>t4 ,x someh[ has an effect almo/ id5tical ) ! s5tim5t ( ! mo/ advanc$ ,lib]al politics until y come to ! rem$ies propos$4 ,! use :i* ,"l ,beaconsfield makes ( ! t[ns 9 8 tea*+ is wor? not+4 ,any "o :o scrut9izes x closely w see t 8 ideal social sy/em is ! ru/ic "o ( ! c\ntry p>i%1 tak+ always = grant$ t x is p]fect2 & he k9dly goes = examples ( social failure to ! t[ns1--! orig9 & condition ( :i*1 accord+ to all /rict reason+1 he mu/ be suppos$ to attribute to ! ,:ig nobility4 ,h[ accurately ?is fits 9 ) :at is kn[n ( ! developm5t ( mod]n manufactures e read] w "k4 ,if anybody %\ld say t he _c see any accuracy 9 ! above v]sion ( ! national hi/ory1 & t !re is no real applicability to our affairs 9 su* a sy/em1 or1 z su* an "o w\ld p]haps /yle x1 pret5d$ sy/em ( politics1 ,i c only reply t if he is "u ! impression t he is an admir] ( ,"l ,beaconsfield1 !n ?is is v sad4 ,= ^! are c]ta9ly ,"l ,beaconsfield's views ( our hi/ory & ! s*eme ( 8 politics4 ,nei!r ( !m1 ,i w v5ture to add1 surprises me4 ,x seems to me t if a political ,w-o'-!-,wisp1 su* z ! ,lib]als = s long a "t w\ld make out ,"l ,beaconsfield to be1 got into ! top-boots & heavy coat ( an ,engli% squire1 ^! are j ! hi/orical conclusions & political g5]alizations :i* he w\ld make1 :5 he began try+ to ?9k l a c\ntry g5tleman2 &1 = any?+ ,i c say1 he w\ld make !m ) a c]ta9 s9c]ity1 t k9d ( ratioc9ative work+ be+ natural to ! ,w-o'-!-,wisp intellect1 :5 smitt5 ) a passion = ,p>liam5t>y life & an aspiration = c\nt]feit+ philosophy4 ,moreov]1 bo? ! home politics & ! =eign policy seem to me exactly to fit2 !y really ea* display l qualities ( m9d1 & ,i c see no reason = any "o :o c accept ! latt] /ickl+ at ! =m]4 ,if :at is really at ! bottom ( ! objection is1 z ,i suspect x is1 a feel+ t !re is some?+ flimsy1 artificial1 fla%y ab\t ei!r1 or bo?1 ! politics & ! policy1 is n t ask+ too mu* f ! light glitt]+ s\rce ,i h describ$8 ,! ,lib]als h always done ,"l ,beaconsfield ! ju/ice ( nev] expect+ m ?an ?is f him1 & he1 on 8 side1 has nev] disappo9t$ _! expectations4 ,if !y _h n previ\sly ?\ght mu* ( him 9 connection ) =eign policy1 nev] 9 fact believ+ t he w\ld actually preside at a critical juncture long en\gh = t "q mu* to signify1 !re is n a p]son 9 our p>ty :o w\ld n h kn[n be=eh& t any =eign policy ( ,"l ,beaconsfield1 if ! occasion = "o ev] came1 w\ld be "o ( dazzle--,jack-o'-,lant]n diplomacy & ,w-o'-!-,wisp home politics rightly belong+ to "o ano!r4 ,! bright & bewild]+ fla%es h n[ = a long "t be5 ceaselessly play+ "h & !re all ov] ,europe f ! direction ( ,london2 n[ hitt+ ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 n[ gild+ ,b]l92 !n flick]+ ov] ,con/ant9ople2 flam+ t]ribly at ,cabul2 quiv]+ at ! ,cape2 /rik+ ,egypt at %ort int]vals2 & %imm]+ _! milde/ at ,p>is4 ,! activity1 z 0 likely 9 su* a case1 has be5 unprec$5t$4 ,my own conviction is t ,"l ,beaconsfield has amaz$1 p]plex$1 x may be a/\nd$1 =eign diplomati/s ?r\gh\t ,europe q z mu* z he has done any ( 8 oppon5ts at home4 ,:at fitness1 ,i %\ld l to ask1 has ,"l ,beaconsfield ev] %[n = appreciat+ ! great ev5ts :i*1 dur+ 8 "t1 h gone =w>d 9 ! _w4 ,dur+ ?is g5]ation1 two /up5d\s re>rangem5ts ( ,/ates1 completely reca/+ all ! int]national relation%ips ( ,we/]n ,europe1 h tak5 place--! unification ( ,italy & ! trans=mation ( ,prussia into a ,g]man ,empire4 ,political e>?quakes l ^? d n come ab\t all 9 a mom5t2 ^! two 71 9 fact1 long 9 prep>ation2 !re 7 ?roes1 !re 7 signs1 !re 7 symptoms4 ,"s ,engli% /atesm5--we c\ld "n sev]al on ! ,lib]al side--read ! intimations rightly4 ,b :at subtle diplomatic s5sitiv5ess did !y *all5ge 9 ,"l ,beaconsfield--:at pret]naturally quick progno/ications _h he ( ! =eign m>vels t 7 ab\t to happ58 ,look fir/ to ! ,prussian trans=mation4 ,he sev]ely blam$ ,*evali] ,buns5 = indulg+ :at he /yl$ ! dreamy & dang]\s nons5se call$ ,g]man nationality4 ,turn to ,italy4 ,"l ,beaconsfield *>act]iz$ ! e>lie/ attempts ( ^? patriots det]m9$ to w9 back national life or die z m]e brig&age4 ,he spoke ( ! phantom ( a ,unit$ ,italy4 ,all ! _w kn[s t s late ev5 z ! publication ( 8 novel1 ,lo?air1 he 0 "u ! impression t ev]y?+ t _h happ5$ 9 ! ,italian p59sula & 9 ,sicily 0 ! "w ( a few secret societies1 ( :om ,g>ibaldi 0 ! figure-head4 ,take ano!r example4 ,he gloss$ ov] ! =m] policy ( ! ,au/rian rul]s t[>ds ,hung>y1 z innoc5t z ! y\nge/ baby 9 any cradle 9 any ( our embassies1 ( disc]n+ t 9 a few ye>s x w\ld be ,hung>y t w\ld dom9ate ! empire4 ,9 fact1 ,"l ,beaconsfield has nev] %[n ! slighte/ true prevision ( any?+ t 0 to happ5 abroad4 ,b ,i mu/ n be s unfair z to =get t ,"l ,beaconsfield took ! side ( ! ,nor? 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>4 ,accid5ts w happ5 at times 9 ! play ( any k9d ( intellect2 & ?is1 at ! v mom5t1 _h some?+ ( ! appe>ance ( be+ an abnormality ( ! ,disraelian m9d4 ,:5 y look into ! in/ance m closely1 x proves n fully to contradict ! o!r cases4 ,mr4 ,disraeli utt]$ a prophecy z to ! future ( ,am]ica1 & x 0 ?is3 ,x w be a m>t ( arms1 a sc5e ( diplomacies1 ( rival ,/ates1 & probably ( frequ5t w>s4 ,! result has v9dicat$ 8 ,lord%ip--no?+ ( ! sort has happ5$4#a ,come1 h[ev]1 /ill ne>] home4 ,! ,fr5* ,comm]cial ,treaty1 :i* 0 ! fir/ practical attempt to br+ ! peoples on ea* side ( ! ,*annel into real int]c\rse1 sure to make !m p]man5t fri5ds 9 ! end1 0 urg5tly oppos$ by ,"l ,beaconsfield4 ,x 0 t[>ds him t ,mr4 ,cobd5 _h to turn at e /age ( 8 ne>ly sup]human lab\rs to see :at 0 ! next ob/acle he w\ld h to set himself to try & ov]come4 ,i v5ture to say t ! =eign policy ( su* a ,m9i/] is c]ta9 to end 9 be+ "o ( isolation4 ,jack-o'-,lant]n is always s busy 9 conv]t+ all he does into "s private bus9ess ( 8 own1 t1 by-&-by1 he is sure to be alone 9 ! transaction4 ,let u te/ ! diplomatic situation z x n[ /&s1 by ?is rule1 &1 if x turns out t ! ,engli% diplomacy has really e/abli%$ conc]t on our "p ) anybody1 x w h ( necessity to be admitt$ by me t ,i h be5 q wrong 9 all t is said above4 ,! position ,i take up is t a ,w-o'-!-,wisp c\ld n 9 8 movem5ts br+ himself to co9cide long en\gh ) anybody else's activity to give any su* result4 ,france is ne>] to u ?an any o!r ,cont95tal ,p[]1 n only geographically b politically4 ,h[ has ! rec5t =eign policy turn$ out ) respect to h]8 ,our v fir/ diplomatic move1 t ( ha/ily snat*+ at ! ,suez ,canal %>es1 risk$ our und]/&+ ) ,france entirely4 ,we d n he> mu* ab\t ,egypt n[ f ! support]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,!re are good reasons = x4 ,no?+ c\ld possibly h result$ worse ?an ev]y?+ we did 9 t qu>t]4 ,france did n all[ a m>* to be /ol5 ^u h]2 & ! next mom5t we _h ,italy on our h&s z well z ,france4 ,b come to ! ,b]l9 ,conf]5ce4 ,france !re1 9 pursuance ( a traditional policy1 back$ up ,greece4 ,"l ,beaconsfield /ood q alo( f ,france4 ,come d[n to ! v late/ mom5t4 ,! alliance betwe5 ,g]many & ,au/ria is ! "o rec5t occurr5ce :i* is ( all o!rs mo/ di/a/eful to ,fr5*m51 & ,"l ,salisbury1 on behalf ( 8 *ief1 n m]ely goes into slightly pr(ane raptures ov] x1 b works h>d to create ! impression t !y two1 indirectly ?\gh n directly1 br\ght x ab\t4 ,?is is h[ matt]s h be5 made to /& betwe5 u & ,france4 ,) respect to ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y1 our ,gov]nm5t is1 ( c\rse1 n )9 _! arrangem5ts1 b1 practically !re seems to be an outside relation impli$4 ,^? two ,p[]s are und]/ood to reckon ^u ,engl& z 9 "s way re/ra9+ ,france if ,russia made any move4 ,at any rate1 if ,france jo9$ ,russia1 x is :isp]$1 we %\ld h to d some?+ :i* w\ld someh[ aid ,au/ria & ,g]many4 ,:y1 ,*ancellor ,bism>ck's *uckl+ at ?is position ( ?+s c di/9ctly be he>d all ! way f ,v>z94 ,pr9ce ,gorts*ak(f is by no means ! "o at :om he is laugh+ h>de/4 ,no?+ ne$ be said1 ,i suppose1 z to our relations ) ,russia3 x is ! special boa/ ( our ,gov]nm5t t 9 ! case ( ! greate/ ,asiatic ,p[] next to ourselves !y h prev5t$ any und]/&+ at all4 ,j s1 too1 we h ali5at$ ,greece & ! newly-=m$ ,pr9cipalities4 ,b !re is ,turkey4 ,all t we h done has told 9 h] fav\r1--surely we are at "o ) h]8 ,"l ,beaconsfield has j c\nt]m&$ ! ord]s to our fleet to get up /eam & direct ! muzzles ( its guns t[>ds ,turkey4 ,b a wond]ful success1 we are told1 has already result$ f ?is4 ,:at does ! rec5t fl\ri% ( telegrams really am\nt to8 ,t ! ,porte has add$ "o m %eet to ! pl5tiful wa/e-pap] heap ( its proclamations4 ,:at our p 7 kn[n to desire 0 a *ange ( ,m9i/]3 & ,turkey1 9 place ( t1 (f]s to "n ,bak] ,pa%a to look aft] ! moral & social improvem5t ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,! te/ ( :e!r x is ,w-o'-!-,wisp1 or an ord9>y /atesman1 :o is at ! head ( our affairs gives ! result ,i anticipat$4 ,engl& /&s absolutely alone1 & ! la/ t\* ( prepo/]\sness is add$ to ! situation by ! /atem5t t x 0 at ! advice ( ,russia t ! ,porte pret5d$ to yield to our dem&s1 & t ?\gh ! ,nor!rn ,p[]s are gett+ into motion aga9 = "s ends ( _! own1 !y d n 9 ! lea/ int5d to m$dle ) u 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,inde$1 ,i %\ld ?9k n4 ,a spl5did morass lies 9 t "p ( ! _w1 ) ,turkey on "o side & ,russia on ! o!r1 & ,jack-o'-,lant]n has l$ u "r into ! middle ( x4 ,t is ! pres5t issue ( ! ,beaconsfield =eign policy :i* 0 to h produc$ ,european conc]t1--we h ,asia ,m9or on our h&s1 solit>ily2 & are go+ to set ab\t imm$iately re=m+ x1 be=e ! next elections1 aga9/ ! will+ness ( ,turkey1 b ) ! sanction ( ,russia1 & by ! means ( ,bak] ,pa%a4 ,9 ! meantime1 or at any "t1 ,russia may use ! situation aga9/ u j z be/ suits h]4 ,i ?9k x w n[ be admitt$ t ,"l ,beaconsfield's =eign policy is e :it z wond]ful z ! measures ( home politics he ought to be urg+1 if he 0 only at lib]ty = t2 & fur!r1 t !y bo? bespeak exactly ! same ord] ( m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i mu/ n[ try to br+ toge!r ! p]sonal impressions 8 ,lord%ip makes on ! m9d ( a ,lib]al4 ,! noble ,e>l is v brilliant4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 is accept$ on all sides3 !re nev] 0 a memb] ( ! ,wisp family :o 0 n4 ,n to be brilliant w\ld be aga9/ _! nature2 9 fact1 %9e is _! peculi>ity4 ,moreov]1 /&+ n[ beh9d ! ev5t1 we seem to see ,"l ,beaconsfield 9 ,mr4 ,disraeli f ! v beg9n+4 ,^? :o _h ! privilege ( behold+ him on 8 v fir/ appe>ances 9 ,london high society1 91 say1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,bless+ton's salon1 :]e he w\ld be gr\p$ ) ,c\nt ,d',orsay1 ,pr9ce ,napoleon1 & ,c\nt ,morny1 give a gorge\s description ( him4 ,x seems t he did n dep5d = celebrity solely ^u 8 witticisms1 ei!r pr9t$ or spok51 b reli$1 also1 9 "s measure1 on ! spl5d\r ( 8 walk+ canes4 ,! jewels on 8 h&s are said to h rivall$1 & at times excell$1 ! pe>ls ^u 8 lips2 ! display 9 bo? respects be>+ witness t 8 native ta/es 7 ,ori5tal4 ,8 r+lets1 9 p>ticul>1 are said to h be5 ! admiration1 if n ! envy1 ( ! ladies4 ,x seem$ almo/ necess>y to give up a l9e or two to ^! p]sonal p>ticul>s1 = ! y\ng] p ( ?is g5]ation nev] saw ,mr4 ,disraeli 9 8 full spl5d\r4 ,z he develop$ 8 lat] p[]s1 he mod]at$ 8 e>li] wai/coats4 ,b he nev] 0 an ord9>y common]2 he always mov$ 9 our public life l a sup]ior be+ 9 disguise4 ,he 0 ) u b n ( u4 ,s9ce he is an ,e>l1 ! impression he makes has become m natural4 ,! promotion to our pe]age gives to "s p]sonages an artificial aspect2 9 ,mr4 ,disraeli's case1 ! effect 0 simplify+2 & ?\gh1 aft] all1 x is n q gorge\s en\gh1 x is befitt+4 ,!re is a little some?+ n q 9 ! ,engli% /yle1--a slight =eign incongruity2 /ill1 t 0 always !re1 & x is1 9 fact1 less noticeable n[ "u ! coronet & b5ea? ! erm9e4 ,b--& ?is is ! po9t s\ght to be br\ght out 9 ! above rem>ks--x 0 evid5t f ! e>lie/ mom5t t ?is spl5did p]son meant to a*ieve social success4 ,& he has c]ta9ly done x4 ,!re w\ld be inju/ice 9 pret5d+ t he has n _h o!r motives2 b celebrity 0 8 lead+ passion4 ,he has himself made a frank confession on ?is po9t4 ,9 ! days :5 x 0 n yet c]ta9 t !re 0 a political c>e] be=e him1 ! likelihood r be+ t he might h :olly to dep5d ^u lit]ature z 8 means ( di/9ction1 he ru%$ into poetry1 hav+ j fail$ 9 prose4 ,b he w>n$ ! public 9 ! preface ( 8 ,revolution>y ,epick1 t if !y did n pur*ase & admire x1 he _h done ) song4 ,i am n1 s ran ! navely self-disclos+ s5t5ce1 "o ( ^? :o f9d consolation = ! neglect ( my contempor>ies 9 ! imag9>y plaudits ( po/]ity4 ,no1 no?+ 9 ?is _w1 we are q c]ta91 w\ld ev] h consol$ ,mr4 ,disraeli = ! neglect ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,b he took sure measures n to und]go x4 ,he positively rag$ to get into ,p>liam5t2 try+ "o con/itu5cy aft] ano!r1 & only succe$+ ) ! f\r?4 ,to judge f ! fi]c5ess ( ,mr4 ,disraeli's /ruggles1 !re 0 9 8 eyes no?+ wor? liv+ =1 if he 7 n inside ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,b he _h got into ! newspap]s be=e he got into ,p>liam5t4 ,! t[n 0 kept r++ ) ,mr4 ,disraeli's "n4 ,9 ,london he 0 j z mu* talk$ ( =ty-sev5 ye>s ago z he is to-day4 ,if ! rud5ess ( a little t]s5ess is pass$ ov]1 ,i may fairly say t publicity 0 ,mr4 ,disraeli's passion2 9 ! circum/ances ( 8 position1 audacity 0 8 only means2 &1 ) 8 /yle ( "* & intellect1 inaccuracy 0 8 necessity4 ,a v few words w e/abli% ea* po9t4 ,0 he n /udi\sly audaci\s8 ,! fir/ book he wrote 0 a skit on ! :ole ( ! high] circle ( ,london society2 ! c&idate he s\ght to set aside at 8 fir/ ,p>liam5t>y conte/ 0 ! son ( ! !n ,premi]2 be=e he 0 9 ,p>liam5t he ?reat5$ ,o',connell2 he _h n be5 9 ! ,h\se long be=e he attack$ ,sir ,rob]t ,peel4 ,x 0 a glori\s audacity on 8 "p1 consid]+ ! disadvantage ( 8 race1 to ?r[ into ! face ( ! ,briti% public ! supremacy ( ,semitic blood1 & to conf\nd u all ) ! ,asian ,my/]y4 ,b1 9 turn+ next to 8 inaccuracies1 we are positively aw$ by ! numb] & ! enormity ( ! blund]s ,mr4 ,disraeli & ,"l ,beaconsfield betwe5 !m h committ$1 91 z x w\ld seem1 ! mo/ natural way4 ,x 0 a m]e trifle t1 :5 prop\nd+ 8 second ,budget1 ,mr4 ,disraeli %\ld h ?\ght t he _h a surplus to ! bagatelle am\nt ( #djj1jjj1 until ,mr4 ,glad/one k9dly expla9$ to him & to ! c\ntry t x 0 a defici5cy ( t small sum4 ,"s p w\ld be t\*$ deep] to f9d t 9 8 ,life ( ,"l ,george ,b5t9ck he is ( op9ion t ! crucifixion ( ! ,savi\r took place 9 ! reign ( ,augu/us ,cs>4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! debates on "o ( ! e>ly ,re=m measures1 he ?\ght1 :5 ,"l ,dunkell9 made a proposal relat+ to ! r5tal valuation 9 connection ) vot+ qualification1 t x 0 paym5t ( rates t 0 9 "q4 ,9 8 oration on ! dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 he1 z all ,europe soon knew1 mi/ook long passages f an article writt5 by ,m4 ,?i]s z be+ 8 own composition4 ,he fell into j ! same error z to "s spl5did s5t5ces ( ,"l ,macaulay & also1 z to a f9e bur/ ( eloqu5ce belong+ really to ! late ,mr4 ,david ,urquh>t4 ,v e>ly 9 8 c>e]1 :5 ackn[l$g+ 8 heal? propos$ by mi/ake 9 ! guise ( an old s*ol> ( ! fam\s public s*ool ( ,w9*e/]1 he became mom5t>ily "u ! impression t he 0 really educat$ on t noble f\ndation1 ?\gh he _h nev] /ood "u its ro(4 ,v late 9 8 c>e]1 s late z ! affair kn[n z ! ,pigott appo9tm5t1 he believ$ t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,pigott1 ! rector ( 8 own p>i%1 _h vot$ aga9/ him at ! poll 9 8 own c\nty "s "t aft] t rev]5d g5tleman's dea?4 ,b !re is really no end to ^! in/ances ( ,"l ,beaconsfield hav+ innoc5tly said ! ?+ t is n4 ,) respect to a numb] ( examples ( ano!r k9d1 x w\ld be puzzl+ to "k :e!r to put !m 9 ! category ( audacities or inaccuracies2 ! only way ( q gett+ ov] ! difficulty w\ld1 p]haps1 be to consid] !m z belong+ to bo?4 ,= in/ance1 9 #ahdg1 he quot$ ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill z a fri5d ( ,protection1 & said ,mr4 ,pitt 0 ! au?or ( ,free ,trade4 ,on a n v f> back occasion1 he rem>k$3 ,i nev] attack$ any "o 9 my life4 ,p]haps1 ) t quotation1 x is "r to /op4 ,"o ( ! peculi>ities ( ,"l ,beaconsfield's m9d has seem$ to "s p an affectation1 t1 namely1 by :i*1 9 ref]5ce to any case ( mu* importance1 he is sure to miss :at seems to ev]ybody else ! significant feature ( ! bus9ess1 & to fa/5 on "s detail :i* arre/s nobody else4 ,h>dly any "o w h yet =gott5 ! in/ance ( ! ,/raits ( ,malacca1 & only j ! o!r day a new example 0 furni%$4 ,! revival ( trade be+ ! topic1 :ile ev]ybody else's ?\ghts w5t to cotton & iron & pott]y1 ,"l ,beaconsfield's light$ ^u--*emicals4 ,x is all expla9$ on ! foot+ ,i e>li] h9t$1 t 9 ,"l ,beaconsfield's m9d ! imag9ation is 9 j ! place ! reason occupies 9 ! m9ds ( ord9>y p4 ,?is makes x obligatory t he %all avoid ! common facts1 & make "s opportunity = exagg]at+ ! value ( "s detail ov]look$ by ev]ybody else4 ,x is only 9 ?is way t ,"l ,beaconsfield conclusively c]tifies to himself t 8 intellect has really act$4 ,i am myself q s9c]e 9 say+ t ,i believe !re is 9 all ?is a c]ta9 k9d ( s9c]ity 9 ,"l ,beaconsfield4 ,:]e mo/ p rememb]1 8 ,lord%ip fancies2 & 9 8 case :at is mo/ conv5i5t1 naturally (f]s itself4 ,?is has v mu* increas$ 8 brilliancy1 = ! process leaves its practis] utt]ly unhamp]$4 ,b nobody %\ld ask = bo? /rict accuracy & ,"l ,beaconsfield's quick1 free wit4 ,x is dem&+ an unreasonable comb9ation4 ,if o!r p _h only n rememb]$1 8 c>e] w\ld h be5 ev5 /ill f9] ?an x is4 ,t is :at has p>tially spoil$ ?+s = him4 ,x is ev5 possible t ?is amaz+ =eign policy ( 8 may be 9 a measure expla9able on c]ta9 sugge/ions ( :at we may call pictorial work+ rules1 if we 7 only inside 8 m9d4 ,c]ta9ly 8 home politics give "s h9ts t !y 7 fram$ on a pr9ciple ( picturesqu5ess1--a v sophi/icat$ canon ( ru/ic ta/e c be detect$ dimly ly+ at ! bottom ( !m4 ,by only leav+ out ! t[ns1 & repress+ ! gr[? ( mod]n manufactures1 & subdu+ =eign comm]ce1 some?+ might possibly--,i _c say--be made ( !m4 ,9 ?is =eign diplomacy1 !re is a c]ta9 imag9ativ5ess 9 br++ d>k-sk9n$ soldi]s f ,asia into ,europe1 9 turn+ our homely ,engli% ,que5 into an ,ori5tal ,empress1 9 becom+ possessor ( a fre% isl& 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 9 %ift+ a fronti] l9e 9 ,india1 9 add+ a new prov9ce 9 ,africa4 ,all ?is has meant massacre1 & fire1 & blood%$1 ) ! imm95t risk ( v mu* m ( all ( !m2 & ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote1 z ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 has be5 kept work+ z h>d z a sprite 9 a pantomime p\r+ out millions ( our taxation4 ,b if x be ,w-o'-!-,wisp we h at ! head ( affairs1 no?+ ( ?is is likely v greatly to affect him4 ,assur$ly1 no?+ ( x has affect$ ,"l ,beaconsfield1 & we may be sure he is ready to g ov] x all aga9 to-morr[4 ,if x 0 wor? :ile1 v l>ge d$uctions w\ld h to be made f ,"l ,beaconsfield's seem+ success if we look rationally at 8 :ole c>e]4 ,no man :o is suppos$ to h be5 any?+ l s successful z he is popul>ly held to be1 ev] _h s _m & su* /rik+ failures to look back ^u4 ,look+ at him z connect$ ) lett]s1 he is ! au?or ( works :i* h fail$ m completely ?an any writt5 by any "o :o himself became kn[n4 ,judg$ by _! ambiti\s aims1 ^! lit]>y non-successes ( ,"l ,beaconsfield are gigantic4 ,! epic poem 7,! ,revolution>y ,epick7 :i* ,mr4 ,disraeli suppos$ 0 to place him--he himself tells u s--by ! side (1 or else betwe51 ,hom] & ,milton1 nobody w\ld read2 ! play 7,al>cos7 :i* he /ates he wrote to revive ! ,briti% /age1 is nev] act$4 ,n "o ( 8 novels1 :5 8 political position has ceas$ to adv]tize !m1 w rema9 9 ! h&s ( ! public4 ,if y look back on 8 ,p>liam5t>y c>e]1 ! dazzle came late1 & aft] a dre>y di/ance _h be5 travell$4 ,! political p>ty he f\nd$1 ,! ,"y ,engl& ,s*ool1 has = tw5ty-five ye>s be5 z dead z ! door-nail :i* typifi$ ! dea? ( ,m>ley4 ,no?+ :atev] came ( x4 ,! "o only notable legislative measure t /&s 9 8 "n1--! ,re=m ,bill1--really belongs to ! o!r side4 ,scrut9ize 8 c>e] h[ y w1 & "s abatem5ts ( ?is k9d h to be made4 ,he is suppos$ to h _h a *>m ov] m51--x has fail$ ) ! /rong ones4 ,peel he tri$ v h>d to w91 b _h to take up ) ,"l ,george ,b5t9ck in/ead4 ,at ?is mom5t he is suppos$ to be 9 fav\r ) ! ,c\rt3 ! impression he made ^u ! ,pr9ce ,consort 0 f> f satisfactory4 ,he has q rec5tly lo/ ,"l ,d]by & ,"l ,c>n>von2 & !re 0 a "t :5 ! ,m>quis ( ,salisbury & he /ood 9 a v diff]5t relation%ip4 ,"l ,beaconsfield's social sy/em is t ( a noveli/2 8 f9ance 0 ev] t ( a ,w-o'-!-,wisp2 & he has n[ add$ a ,jack-o'-,lant]n diplomacy4 ,surely no?+ m is ne$$ to ju/ify disbelief 9 him4 ,a ,,:ig4 ,footnote #a3 ,s9ce writ+ ! above ,i h met ) an article 9 ! ,octob] ,no4 ( ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 on ,l\is ,napoleon & ! ,s\!rn ,conf$]acy1 :i* puts ?is alleg$ fri5d%ip = ! ,nor? 9 a v d\btful light4 ,among "s ,/ate ,pap]s f\nd 9 ,ri*mond1 a despat* f ,mr4 ,slidell says1--,l9dsay saw ,disraeli1 :o express$ great int]e/ 9 our affairs1 & fully concurr$ 9 ! views ( ! ,emp]or4 ,l\is ,napoleon 0 !n intrigu+ h>d to get ! ,s\? recognis$4 ,,contempor>y ,,life ,,& ,,?\ght ,,9 ,,france4 ,,summ>y4--,politics3 ,agitations dur+ ! ,p>liam5t>y ,recess--,unju/ ,accusations levell$ at ! ,m9i/ry--,re=ms c>ri$ out or project$ 9 ! ,public ,in/ruction--,ju/ice--,public ,works--,activity & ,lib]alism ( ! ,m9i/ry--,its want ( ,cohesion & ,unity--,r5ewal ( ! ,sociali/ ,agitation--,return ( ! ,amne/i$--,election ( ,m4 ,humb]t 9 ,p>is--,m4 ,blanqui's & ,m4 ,l\is ,blanc's ,addresses 9 ! ,prov9ces--,sociali/ ,congress at ,m>seilles--,reaction aga9/ ^! exagg]ations--,dang]s caus$ by ! attitude ( ! ,cons]vative ,p>ty inspir$ by ! ,cl]ical _s--,ef=ts to create a ,republican ,cons]vative ,p>ty--,le ,p>lem5t--,un=tunate effect ( ! ,m9i/ry's ,anti-cl]ical ,campaign--,legitimi/ ,banquets--,! ,bonap>ti/ ,p>ty & its hopes--,m4 ,naquet's ,campaign 9 fav\r ( ,divorce4 ,lit]ature3 ,novels--,mme4 ,greville1 ,mme4 ,b5tzon1 ,m4 ,lemonni]1 ,m4 ,gualdi1 ,m4 ,daudet1 ,m4 ,zola1 ,flaub]t1 ,m4 ,!uriet--,l',eglise ,*rti5ne1 by ,m4 ,r5an--,rodrigue de ,vill&r&o1 by ,m4 ,qui*]at--,mmoires de ,mme4 de ,rmusat--,n\velle ,revues4 ,sci5ce3 ,geographical ,/udies--,gographie ,univ]selle--,la ,t]re et les ,hommes1 by ,elise ,reclus--,map ( ,france on scale ( #a_/ajjjjj--,lectures on ,hi/orical ,geography1 by ,m4 ,a4 ,longnon4 ,f9e ,arts3 ,subjects op5$ to ,competition--,dea? ( ,,mm4 ,viollet ,le ,duc1 ,*am1 ,taylor4 ,!atres3 ,le ,gr& ,op]a1 l',opra ,populaire1 ,pasdel\p & ,colonne ,conc]ts--,pr(essor ,h]mann--,! ,hanlon-,lees--,jona?an1 by ,m4 ,gond9et--,les ,mirabeau1 by ,m4 ,cl>etie--,le ,?tre des ,nations4 ,! ,p>liam5t>y recess is g5]ally a "t ( political tranquillity = ! c\ntry1 & leisure or peaceful occupation = ! ,m9i/]s2 n s1 h[ev]1 9 ,france ?is ye>4 ,m4 ,blanqui's c&idature at ,bordeaux2 ,m4 ,humb]t's election 9 ,p>is2 ! return ( ! amne/i$ f ,new ,cal$onia2 ! ,workm5's ,congress 9 ,m>seilles2 ! ,legitimi/ banquets ( ,septemb] #bi2 ,,mm4 ,j4 ,f]ry's1 ,l\is ,blanc's1 & ,blanqui's t\rs 9 ! prov9ces2 ! inauguration ( ,d5f]t-,ro*]eau's1 ,arago's1 & ,lamoricire's monum5ts1 h kept ,france 9 a /ate ( p]petual agitation1 if n di/urbance4 ,& ev5 ! bus9ess _w1 :i* g5]ally slumb]s quietly ?r\gh ! summ] mon?s1 has be5 /ung ) a craze = speculation4 ,a numb] ( f9ancial companies h sprung up1 bas$ *iefly on mo/ uns\nd & absurd comb9ations1 "s ( :i* ?reat5 to collapse be=e !y h ev5 begun to "w4 ,! great jobb]1 ,m4 ,philipp>t1 :o s upset ! ,b\rse "s ye>s ago1 reappe>$ 9 great] =ce ?an ev]1 only to get ano!r duck+ at ! end ( a c\ple ( mon?s4 ,ev5 ! ,republican p>ty1 :i* hi!rto seem$ to h kept out ( ! way ( dang]\s speculations1 has be5 drawn into ! curr5t1 & names ( ,republican deputies1 s5ators1 & municipal c\ncillors h appe>$ on ! li/s ( ! adm9i/rative c\ncils by way ( an adv]tisem5t to subscrib]s4 ,nor1 ) s _m causes ( di/urbance at home1 0 ! c\ntry free f anxieties abroad3 ! settlem5t ( ! f9ancial sup]vision to be ex]cis$ conjo9tly ) ,engl& 9 ,egypt2 ! difficulties rais$ ) reg>d to ! same by ,italy1 :o w\ld h wi%$ to =m a ?ird 9 ?is new ord] ( syndicate2 & ,turkey's opposition to ! decisions ( ! ,b]l9 ,congress conc]n+ ,greece1 mu/ h caus$ ,m4 ,wadd+ton m ?an "o sleepless night4 ,has ! ,m9i/ry be5 weak5$ or /r5g!n$ by ! toils ( ! ,p>liam5t>y recess8 ,! attitude ( ! ,*amb]s :5 !y meet 7,nov4 #bg7 = ! fir/ "t 9 _! new1 or r old1 qu>t]s w %[4 ,accord+ to ! enemies x has1 bo? 9 ! ,republican & ,mon>*ical camp1 x is 9 a /ate ( complete dislocation2 & ,m4 ,wadd+ton1 9 p>ticul>1 is unable to ex]cise any au?ority ov] 8 colleagues4 ,?is is ! fav\rite !me1 nightly recurr$ to1 ( ,m4 ,e4 de ,gir>d91 :o1 "u col\r ( ,radicalism1 seems to be ent]+ on a campaign aga9/ ! ,republic ( #ahgi1 9 fav\r ( ,pr9ce ,j]ome ,napoleon1 simil> to 8 =m] "o aga9/ ! ,republic ( #ahdh1 9 fav\r ( ,pr9ce ,l\is ,napoleon4 ,! inju/ice ( mo/ ( 8 attacks1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 bord]s on di%one/y4 ,compla9ts are made ( ! ,m9i/ry's weakness & inaction4 ,b on :at gr\nds8 ,by ! "o side1 because x leaves ! ,sociali/s free to put =w>d _! views2 by ! o!r1 because x lets ! ,royali/s banquet 9 peace1 & expels nei!r ! ,orleans pr9ces nor ! ,bonap>tes4 ,p 9 ,france always reg>d ,gov]nm5t z a g5d>me ^: bus9ess x is to imprison or escort to ! fronti] ^? ^: op9ions are displeas+ to !m2 if n1 !y decl>e !re is no ,gov]nm5t4 ,or else x is /ill look$ ^u z a ,provid5ce1 ^: duty x is to make ! p happy f morn+ till night4 ,if trade be dull & ! crops bad1 z !y are ?is ye>1 ! ,gov]nm5t is pron\nc$ incapable1 & ! *ange to h be5 n wor? ! co/4 ,p _c und]/& t a ,gov]nm5t's sole mission is to give a g5]al direction to politics1 to att5d to ! wise adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry1 to protect ! lib]ty & ! rights ( all1 ev5 ( ^? :o d n l x1 & see to ! c>ry+ out ( exi/+ laws & ! mak+ ( new ones4 ,! pres5t ,m9i/ry has n s]i\sly fail$ 9 any "o ( ^! duties1 & to *>ge x ) inaction w\ld be mo/ unju/4 ,! new appo9tm5ts h almo/ all be5 excell5t2 p>ticul>ly 9 ! adm9i/ration ( public in/ruction1 :]e consid]able *anges h be5 made1 ! mo/ compet5t m5 h 9 e in/ance be5 *os5 )\t reg>d to political p>ty4 ,! remodell+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate 0 an absolute necessity1 z ! ,m9i/ry c\ld n "w ) m5 radically ho/ile to its views4 ,?is remodell+ 0 c>ri$ out ) extreme mod]ation2 if ! volunt>y retirem5t ( ,,mm4 ,aucoc1 ,gr\alle1 ,g\ss>d1 c41 gave x a m radical "*1 ! retir+ memb]s1 n ! ,m9i/ry1 are to blame4 ,( ! activity ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,in/ruction !re c be no d\bt2 he has ev5 be5 laugh$ at = 8 zeal 9 propagat+ 8 views1 z %[n 9 8 s\!rn t\r1 dur+ :i* he f\nd "t to make a s]ies ( spee*es 9 fav\r ( ! fam\s ,clause #g1 t deprives unau?oriz$ religi\s bodies ( ! "r ( tea*+1 & to plan important mat]ial improvem5ts 9 ! con/itution ( ! ,faculties ( ,lett]s1 ,sci5ce1 ,m$ic9e1 & ,law4 ,! inspection ( ! infant-s*ools1 ( ! draw+-in/ruction1 h at l5g? be5 prop]ly organiz$1 & a project = ! re=m ( second>y in/ruction has be5 elaborat$4 ,) reg>d to ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 ,m4 ,le ,roy] has drawn up a v important s*eme1 :]eby ! c\rts ( ju/ice w be r$uc$ to "o-half ! pres5t numb]1 important economies effect$1 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice accel]at$1 & ! numb] ( unemploy$ magi/rates1 b>ri/]s1 & lawy]s1 :i* con/itutes "o ( ! evils ( ! c\ntry & ( ! ,p>liam5t>y assemblies1 dim9i%$4 ,c ,m4 de ,freyc9et be accus$ ( inaction1 see+ t e day he is told he w s9k "u ! load ( va/ und]tak+s he has on h& = ! improvem5t ( ! h>b\rs & ! completion ( ! railway & canal sy/em8 ,:at accusations c be br\ght aga9/ ,g5]al ,gresley1 see+ t our milit>y organization is mak+ daily progress1 & t ! autumn manoeuvres h be5 m satisfactory ?is ye> ?an ev]8 ,! v criticisms address$ to ! ,m9i/ry ) reg>d to its weakness t[>ds its enemies prove h[ x has respect$ ! common lib]ty4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! habit 9 ,france1 :5 a ,gov]nm5t all[s ! attacks ( p>ty free play to laugh at its timidity1 & :5 x puts !m d[n to accuse x ( p]secution4 ,! ?+ to d1 !re=e1 is to apply ! pr9ciple said to h be5 =mulat$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,republic himself--,to let ev]y?+ be said1 & no?+ done4 ,! only po9t :]eon ! criticisms ( ! ,cab9et's adv]s>ies seem 9 "s s5se well-f\nd$1 is ! *>g+ x ) hav+ no def9ite political l9e1 & be+ consequ5tly incapable ( any homog5e\s influ5ce ei!r ^u ! ,*amb]s or public op9ion4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ! ,cab9et is want+ 9 unity2 t ,,mm4 ,wadd+ton1 ,lon ,say1 & ,gresley repres5t a less /rongly acc5tuat$ political %ade ?an ,,mm4 ,le ,roy]1 ,jaurguib]ry1 ,tir>d1 & ,co*]y1 & ^! aga9 a less /rongly m>k$ %ade ?an ,,mm4 ,j4 ,f]ry1 ,de ,freyc9et1 & ,lepre4 ,ea* ,m9i/] has 8 p>ticul> plans1 & occasionally ! "q sugge/s itself h[ f> 8 colleagues approve & support him4 ,9 any case1 ! ,cab9et's mo/ important projects1 ,m4 ,le ,roy]'s judicial re=m1 ,m4 de ,freyc9et's plans1 ! ,f]ry laws1 7 accept$ r ?an desir$ by ,m4 ,wadd+ton1 :o _c 9 consequ5ce be consid]$ to ex]cise any p>am\nt sway ov] 8 colleagues4 ,?is subdivision ( ! ,m9i/]ial responsibility is unque/ionably to be deplor$1 & impairs ! /r5g? ( ! ,gov]nm5t2 b is x n ! fault ( ! ,m9i/]s1 or r ! result & ! fai?ful image ( ! ,republican majority1 ^: unity proce$s solely f ! necessity ( fight+ aga9/ ,mon>*ical p>ties1 & :i* repres5ts v diff]5t t5d5cies8 ,a homog5e\s ,m9i/ry repres5t+ "o ( ^! t5d5cies only w\ld comm& no majority4 ,! ,republic is /ill 9 ! p]iod ( /ruggle & =mation4 ,x _c obs]ve ! rules ( ! ,p>liam5t>y sy/em q regul>ly yet4 ,e ,m9i/ry is fatally a coalition ,m9i/ry1 & consequ5tly )\t unity4 ,:5 x is1 l ! pres5t "o1 agre$ z to its g5]al l9es ( policy1 at once lib]al & mod]ate1 & suffici5tly sympa!tic to bo? ,*amb]s1 x w\ld be h>d1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge1 to f9d a bett]1 & to wi% = a *ange w\ld be madness4 ,n ! con/itution ( ! ,m9i/ry1 b r ! political condition ( ! c\ntry1 may1 inde$1 be productive ( difficulties & dang]s to ! ,republic4 ,7 we to believe ! reaction>y pap]s & ! anxi\s spirits1 ! greate/ dang] ,france is expos$ to arises f ! revival ( ,sociali/ic ideas occasion$ by ! return ( ! insurg5ts ( ! ,commune4 ,t disquiet+ signs & t5d5cies %[ !mselves 9 t direction is true4 ,! amne/i$1 :o %\ld h be5 receiv$ z p5it5t & p>don$ culprits1 h1 by _m--by ,m4 ,tal&i]1 ,m4 ,l4 ,blanc1 & o!rs ( ! ,extreme ,left--be5 welcom$ z re9/at$ m>tyrs4 ,p ev5 w5t s f> on _! arrival z to d>e to raise a cry ( ,vive la ,commune4 ,"o ( ! mo/ crim9al1 ,m4 ,alphonse ,humb]t1 :o edit$ 9 #ahga a fil?y & blood?ir/y pap]1 ,le ,pre ,du*esne1 & 9 x directly provok$ ! murd] ( ,gu/ave ,*audey1 has be5 elect$ municipal c\ncillor ( ,p>is by ! ,javel ,w>d4 ,?\gh ! ,comit ,sociali/e d'aide aux ,amni/is _h rudely repudiat$ all community ( action ) ! ,republican committee presid$ ov] by ,v4 ,hugo1 & contemptu\sly allud$ to x z le comit b\rgeois1 ! ,rappel did n hesitate to support ?is c&idature1 /a9$ z x 0 ) blood4 ,h>dly is old ,blanqui releas$ f 8 imprisonm5t at ,clairvaux :5 he />ts = a t\r 9 ! s\? to propagate 8 revolution>y doctr9es1 & f9ds p cr$ul\s en\gh to applaud ! s5ile declamations 9 :i* he accuses ,m4 ,grvy & ,m4 ,gambetta ( hav+ sold !mselves to ! ,jesuits & ! ,orleani/s4 ,m4 ,l\is ,blanc1 :il/ issu+ 9 book =m1 "u ! title ( ,dix ans de l',hi/oire d',anglet]re 7,lvy71 ! wise & imp>tial lett]s he address$ to ,le ,temps f ,london betwe5 #ahfj & #ahgj1 has rev]t$ to 8 dreams ( #ahdh1 &1 m int5t on w9n+ a va9 popul>ity ?an on consolidat+ ! ,republican rgime1 has ar\s$ ! passions & desires ( an ignorant multitude by unfold+ to !m ! *im]ical & deceptive picture ( a complete remodell+ ( ! ,fr5* ,con/itution1 & ! prosp]ity :i*1 accord+ to him1 might be secur$ to all if !y w\ld lay d[n _! lib]ties & _! rights = ! b5efit ( a ,sociali/ ,/ate4 ,f9ally1 ! ,workm5's ,congress 9 ,m>seilles reveal$ ) ! utmo/ navet ! false notions1 ! gross ignorance1 & ! bad in/9cts t ,m4 ,blanqui draws out f a fanatic monomania1 & ,m4 ,l\is ,blanc enc\rages f desire = noisy popul>ity4 ,! majority ( ! ,congress pla9ly decl>$ t !y pref]r$ ! revolution>y c\rse ( an insurrection to ! peaceful c\rse ( vot+ & legal action1 t gradual progress 0 a *im]a1 t individual prop]ty mu/ be conv]t$ into collective prop]ty1 & t su* conv]sion c\ld only be effect$ by =ce4 ,:at 01 p]haps1 ev5 m disquiet+ at ! ,m>seilles ,congress ?an ^! brutal decl>ations1 0 ! almo/ fabul\s ignorance1 /upidity1 & cr$ulity display$ by mo/ ( ! delegates1 :o mu/1 nev]!less1 be among ! mo/ intellig5t & educat$ memb]s ( ! ,syndical ,*amb]s4 ,nei!r 9 ,engl& nor 9 ,g]many w\ld an assembly ( workm5 put up ) su* silly & empty discussions 9 :i* n a s+le practical "q 0 treat$ s]i\sly1 & ! g5]al re=m ( society 0 accompli%$ 9 ?ree or f\r high-s\nd+ & pret5ti\s phrases4 ,! ignorance ( ! multitude is an imm5se dang]1 leav+ x a prey to e illusion & dream & to ! brutal impulse ( its in/9cts4 ,)\t be+ bl9d to ! gravity ( ^! symptoms1 or d5y+ t mu* ( ! leav5 t produc$ ! ,commune is /ill to be f\nd among/ ! inhabitants ( ! great t[ns1 ,i d n ?9k ! fact pres5ts any imm$iate dang]1 or t !re is any *ance ( a ris+ 9 ,p>is1 or a revival ( ! ,commune4 ,! late manife/ations h done exactly ! rev]se ( fur!r+ ! end 9 view4 ,at ,bordeaux1 ,blanqui1 :o 0 elect$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 fail$ 9 ! second4 ,8 j\rney1 triumphant at ! outset1 end$ amid/ murmurs on ! "o h& & indiff]5ce on ! o!r4 ,humb]t's election excit$ ! disgu/ ( ! mo/ advanc$ ,republicans1 & has insur$ ! rejection ( e new proposal ( p>don = ! memb]s ( ! ,commune4 ,! folly talk$ at ! ,m>seilles ,congress provok$ ! prote/s ( a /rong m9ority 9 ! v he>t ( ! ,congress1 :i* en]getically def5d$ ! pr9ciples ( good s5se & public ord]4 ,if ! revival ( ,socialism ?reat5 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,republic1 x is n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! possibility ( its br++ back ! ,commune z t x may s]ve to provoke an anti-,republican reaction4 ,?is is mu* m to be dread$ at pres5t ?an any demagogical excesses4 ,! attitude ( ! ,cons]vative p>ty pres5ts mu* great] dang]s to ! ,republic ?an t ( ! ,sociali/ p>ty4 ,! ,republic's only *ance is its free acceptance by ! b\rgeoisie & ! =mation ( a l>ge ,cons]vative b n reaction>y p>ty to c\nt]act ! impati5ce ( ! progressive elem5t4 ,until n[ no su* p>ty exi/s4 ,_m ,cons]vatives h und\bt$ly /uck to ! ,republic1 b !y are absorb$ by ! progressive ,republican mass2 ! o!rs h pres]v$ a ho/ile attitude1 & *]i% visions ( a ,mon>*ical or ,imp]iali/ re/oration4 ,cl]ical ideas confirm !m 9 ?is attitude1 & r5d] !m ! irreconcilable enemies ( ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s2 !y foll[ ! inspirations ( ! cl]gy1 :o are conv9c$ t no ,republic c give !m ! lib]ty ( action !y desire1 & :o1 moreov]1 consid] !mselves p]secut$ :]ev] !y are n ma/]s4 ,! ?+ is to conv9ce ?is ,cons]vative mass1 n[ enroll$ "u ! bann] ( cl]icalism1 t x is possible to give ! cl]gy ! hon\rs & ! lib]ty !y des]ve1 :il/ conf9+ !m /rictly )9 ! religi\s doma91 & t ! public rgime c be a secul> "o )\t rec\rse to p]secution4 ,?is is :at ! few memb]s ( ! old ,left ,c5tre :o refus$ to jo9 ! ranks ( ! ,m9i/]ial ,left1 & are head$ by ,,mm4 ,dufaure1 ,de ,montalivet1 ,ribot1 ,lamy1 c41 are try+ to conv9ce ! ,cons]vatives (4 ,!y h />t$ a new pap]1 ,le ,p>lem5t1 to v5t _! ideas1 conduct$ ) tal5t & e>ne/ness1 :i* if x succe$ 9 its object w h done ! ,republic good s]vice by call+ a ,republican ,"r into exi/5ce1 :]eas at pres5t only a ,republican ,left exi/s1 )\t any c\nt]weight1 & b\nd$ by two abysses1 ! ,commune on ! "o h& & ,bonap>tism on ! o!r4 ,c]ta9 memb]s ( ! ,republican p>ty & ev5 ( ! pres5t ,m9i/ry ?\ght t ! deplorable influ5ce ,ca?olicism ex]cises on public affairs might be c\nt]act$ by op5 conte/1 & ?is 0 ! orig9 ( ,clause #g1 & ! w> at pres5t wag$ ev]y:]e aga9/ ! ,ca?olic bodies & ! action ( ! cl]gy4 ,un=tunately !re is a fatal solid>ity betwe5 ! ,ca?olic religion itself & its mo/ compromis+ repres5tatives2 ! regul> & secul> cl]gy are unit$ by ! close/ ties2 x is impossible to deal a bl[ at ! cl]gy on "o po9t )\t 9 appe>ance attack+ religion itself4 ,moreov] x loves /rife1 & above all p]secution2 x fe$s ^u x2 x w9s ! sympa?y ( ! simple-m9d$ by resi/+1 9 ! "n ( consci5ce1 all ev5 ! mo/ legitimate attacks aga9/ ! au?ority x has usurp$4 ,! duty ( a wise ,gov]nm5t1 !re=e1 is z f> z possible to let all religi\s que/ions lie dormant1 to cultivate t[>ds !m a salut>y indiff]5ce1 to avoid ! possibility ( be+ accus$ ei!r ( fav\r+ or p]secut+ ! cl]gy1 s z to secure ! c\nt5ance ( all ^? :o1 )\t be+ ho/ile to ! ,*ur*1 h no wi% to be its bl9d s]vants4 ,"o mu/ be cont5t to resi/ ! ,*ur*'s encroa*m5ts )\t attack+ x 9 its own prec9cts4 ,! pres5t ,m9i/ry has /irr$ up1 we ?9k ) un=tunate precipitancy1 que/ions :i* might /ill h rema9$ a:ile unt\*$1 & ?us ne$lessly less5$ ! numb] ( its p>tisans4 ,b to be fair1 x is c]ta9ly v difficult to be imp>tial & indiff]5t 9 face ( a body 9 op5 revolt aga9/ ! ,gov]nm5t1 ^: bi%ops1 l ,monseigneur ,freppel at ! inauguration ( ! monum5t to ,lamoricire1 prea* contempt = ! ,con/itution & ! law4 ,! behavi\r ( ! ,belgian episcopate1 on ! occasion ( ! new s*ool law1 has prov$ t nei!r ju/ice nor mod]ation is to be expect$ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,:5ce viol5t m9ds are too dispos$ to conclude t reconciliation be+ impossible1 intol]ance mu/ be met by viol5ce1 & fanaticism by p]secution4 ,7 x n = ?is un=tunate cl]ical "q1 ! opposition to ! ,republican =m ( ,gov]nm5t w\ld be r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! ,legitimi/ banquets organiz$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry 9 commemoration ( ! ,comte de ,*ambord's bir?day1 ,septemb] #bi?1 te/ifi$ to ! ridicul\s weakness ( a numb] ( ag$ *ildr5 :o indulge 9 ! phrases & fables ( a bygone "t4 ,?is fl\ri% ( =ks 0 met by all p>ties ) ironical compassion4 ,! ,bonap>ti/ p>ty has b imp]fectly recov]$ f ! bl[ dealt x 9 ! dea? ( ! ,pr9ce ,imp]ial4 ,pr9ce ,j]ome ,napoleon may alt] 8 outw>d l9e1 become z res]v$ z =m]ly he 0 ungu>d$ 9 8 language1 organize 8 h\se on a pr9cely foot+1 h 8 organs among/ ! press1 rally r\nd him a great numb] ( ^? :o b n[ ov]:elm$ him ) ! mo/ ribald insults2 he w nev] ei!r wipe out a too well-kn[n pa/1 or ) all 8 intellig5ce make up = ! total abs5ce ( milit>y pre/ige or p]sonal reg>d4 ,nev]!less1 ,bonap>tism is s decid$ly ! fatal incl9e t[>ds :i* ,france w always be impell$ if %e become disgu/$ ) ! ,republic1 t he appe>s to "s ! only issue 9 case ( a new revolution1 & m ?an "o ( ^? :o _h ( late reatta*$ !mselves to ! ,republic 7 se5 to turn _! eyes to ,pr9ce ,napoleon :5 ,humb]t's election or ! ,sociali/ spee*es at ,m>seilles r5ew$ _! old t]rors4 ,univ]sal suffrage is always ?reat5+ ,france ) sudd5 surprises4 ,if1 z "s politicians wi%1 ! scrut9 de li/e be sub/itut$ = ! scrut9 d'arrondissem5t1 x might yet be t ! "n ( ,napoleon w\ld f9d a =midable e*o 9 ! popul> mass1 & eclipse all ! new names :i* want its leg5d>y & hi/orical pre/ige4 ,?is might happ51 especially if ! depression ( trade & ! cl]ical conte/ 7 by degrees to we>y & disgu/ ! mass ( ! electors ) political que/ions1 z w\ld appe> to h be5 ! case at ! legislative elections ( ,bordeaux & ! ,p>is municipal elections1 :5 m ?an two-fif?s ( ! electors ab/a9$ f vot+4 ,x might1 above all1 happ5 if ! ,*amb]s cont9ue to po/pone all ! re=m laws1 ^? relat+ to ! army1 to education1 & to ! magi/racy1 :i* await discussion & pass+ f session to session4 ,_m look =w>d to a "t :5 ^! ev]la/+ political que/ions w cease to burn s fi]cely1 :5 ! suppression ( ,/ate or ,*ur* w no long] be a daily "q1 & m mode/ & practical measures ( re=m c be tak5 9 h&4 ,a committee ( lawy]s has elaborat$ an important s*eme = ! re=m ( our crim9al proc$ure1 long kn[n to be s]i\sly defective4 ,w !re be an opportunity ( br++ x be=e ! ,*amb]s8 ,ev5 m int]e/+ is ! divorce "q1 :i* has f\nd an able1 p]sev]+1 & eloqu5t advocate 9 ,m4 ,naquet4 ,( all o!rs1 ?is re=m is ! mo/ urg5t4 ,^? acqua9t$ ) family life 9 ,france "k ! fatal moral consequ5ces aris+ f judicial sep>ation1 ! only res\rce ( ill-assort$ c\ples4 ,n to speak ( ! flagrant inju/ice :i* all[s ! man to sep>ate f 8 wife on acc\nt ( (f5ces %e is oblig$ to tol]ate 9 him1 ! two1 ?\gh sep>at$1 rema9 jo9tly & sev]ally liable4 ,! woman is oblig$1 9 a numb] ( in/ances1 su* z ! m>riage ( a *ild confid$ to h] c>e1 to obta9 ! husb&'s au?orization1 :il/ %e1 on h] "p1 c drag 9 ! mire ! "n ( h] husb& :i* %e cont9ues to be>1 or pass (f *ildr5 ^u him :i* are n 84 ,sep>ation has all ! drawbacks ( divorce1 besides o!rs peculi> to x1 :i* divorce rem$ies4 ,m4 ,naquet has treat$ ! "q f ! tribune1 z also 9 a s]ies ( articles publi%$ 9 ! ,voltaire1 :]e9 he cites a numb] ( he>tr5d+ cases 9 :i* divorce w\ld be ! only possible rem$y1 &1 f9ally1 9 ! lectures he has be5 hold+ 9 all ! l>ge t[ns4 ,8 campaign has be5 cr[n$ ) success1 & ! law w1 x is believ$1 be pass$ by ! ,*amb]s4 ,no small cr$it is due to ,m4 ,naquet1 = he _h to cont5d ) prejudices ( sev]al k9ds--! religi\s prejudices ( ,ca?olicism1 :i* does n admit ! p[] ( ! civil law to cancel a sacram5t ( ! ,*ur*2 ! political prejudices ( ,republican !ori/s1 :o affect to atta* a m sacr$ & indelible "* to ! civil consecration ( ! magi/rate ?an to ! religi\s "o ( ! prie/2 ! prejudices ( immoral & unpr9cipl$ m51 :o =m a num]\s class ev]y:]e1 :o nev] hav+ felt ! re/ra9ts ( moral law are n tr\bl$ by ! mis=tunes spr++ f unhappy m>riages1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are glad to take advantage ( !m2 f9ally1 ) ! prejudices ( "s s]i\s-m9d$ p]sons1 :o are afraid t 9 sanction+ divorce ! ,republic may appe> to violate ! respect due to m>riage4 ,! la/ aspect ( ! "q has be5 ably support$ by a deputy1 ,m4 ,l\is ,legr&1 9 8 int]e/+ /udy1 ,le ,m>iage2 b ,m4 ,naquet f9ds no difficulty 9 prov+ t m>riage is m respect$ :]e divorce is possible ?an :]e judicial sep>ation only c be obta9$1 nor 9 %[+ religi\s m5 t ! ,*ur* has always recognis$ f\rte5 cases 9 :i* m>riage becomes void1 :il/ ! ,fr5* law only recognises "o1 mi/ak5 id5tity1 :i* practically nev] occurs4 ,we h b to op5 a ,fr5* novel1 or visit ! !atre1 to conv9ce ourselves ( ! necessity ( divorce4 ,mme4 ,grville1 9 ,lucie ,rodey 7,plon71 depicts a "y woman r$uc$ by h] husb& to ! mo/ wret*$ condition1 ) no res\rce b resignation & a p>don all b di%on\rable to h]2 ,mme4 ,b5tzon1 9 ,georgette 7,lvy71 describes ) exquisite delicacy ! pa9ful position ( a woman :o1 sep>at$ f h] husb&1 & liv+ on t]ms ! _w condemns ) a man ( elevat$ "*1 is driv5 9 ! pres5ce ( h] innoc5t daught] to blu% = a position ! disgrace ( :i* h] own elevation ( s5tim5t _h hi!rto veil$ f h]4 ,half ! novels 9 ,france turn on ! dome/ic mis]y aris+ f ! indissolubility ( ! m>riage tie4 ,hackney$ z ! subject is1 x pres5ts s _m aspects t new effects c always be d]iv$ f x4 ,su* dramas w ev] rema9 ! mo/ t\*+ s\rce ! imag9ation ( ! noveli/ has to draw ^u4 ,f ! pr9cess to ! peasant1 humanity is ! same 9 its affections & suff]+s4 ,if y want to "k h[ ! peasant suff]s read ,un ,co9 de ,village1 by ,m4 ,camille ,lemonni] 7,lem]re71 a picturesque & piquant "y writ]1 :o comb9es ! t\*+ grace ( ,erckmann-,*atrian ) a p[] ( reali/ic obs]vation q 8 own4 ,if y wi% = some?+ m re*]*1 deal+ ) ! ri*] & high] classes ( society1 ,m4 ,gualdi1 a "y naturaliz$ ,italian1 ,fr5* 9 tal5t1 provides y ) a drama ( ! mo/ brilliant orig9ality 9 8 ,m>iage ,extraord9aire 7,lem]re74 ,a *>m+ b poor girl1 ,elise1 is on ! po9t ( m>ry+ a man %e does n love to save h] p>5ts f ru94 ,%e is atta*$ to a "y man1 ,giulio1 wor?y ( h]1 b poor also2 he has be5 oblig$ to expatriate himself1 & ,elise's "m makes h] believe t h] fianc has =gott5 & betray$ h]4 ,! ,comte d',a/orre1 an elegant & magnific5t viveur1 ) a g5]\s s\l "u 8 frivol\s ext]ior1 is t\*$ by ,elise's fate2 to enable h] to escape a hateful m>riage he (f]s h] ! %elt] ( 8 "n & h\se1 promis+ t he w consid] himself z a fri5d1 n a husb&4 ,= a "t ! compact is kept1 b ! ,comte d',a/orre ends by fall+ 9 love ) 8 wife2 ! quondam viveur becomes ! timid1 trembl+1 & naf suitor4 ,elise ends by all[+ h]self to be mov$1 & :5 poor ,giulio comes back f ,india1 true to ! fai? he _h sworn1 %e repulses him1 fir/ 9 ! "n ( duty1 & soon1 "o is made to feel1 9 ! "n ( a new nasc5t love4 ,?is s+ul> & delicate !me is treat$ by ,m4 ,gualdi ) a ref9em5t ( t\* t indicates ! acute psy*ologi/1 & ! passionate sc5e betwe5 ,giulio & ,elise on _! meet+ aga9 is really beautiful4 ,to asc5d a /ep high] 9 ! social hi]>*y & le>n :at a que51 w\nd$ 9 h] feel+s z a woman & a "m1 c suff]1 read ,m4 ,a4 ,daudet's la/ novel1 ,les ,rois en ,exil 7,d5tu71 9 :i* he cont9ues to "w ! ve9 he op5$ s successfully 9 ,le ,nabab1 ! portraiture ( ,p>isian life1 view$ f its mo/ brilliant side z f t mo/ fleck$ ) impurity1 disord]1 & adv5ture4 ,9 ! ,nabab1 ,m4 ,daudet _h ! advantage ( describ+ ! _w he _h be5 mo/ famili> )1 s9ce 8 two *ief p]sonages 7 ,m4 de ,morny1 ^: secret>y he _h be5 = sev]al ye>s1 & ,m4 ,bravay1 8 =m] fri5d4 ,b ?is advantage 0 also a defect1 = no true novel is possible ) v well-kn[n contempor>y p]sonages = ! *>act]s2 & ! ,nabab1 m>vell\s z reg>ds tru? & vivid detail1 0 poor z reg>ds composition4 ,9 ,les ,rois en ,exil we aga9 meet ) a numb] ( well-kn[n p]sonages3 ! ,k+ ( ,hanov]1 ! ,que5 ( ,spa91 ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 ! ,que5 ( ,naples1 ,don ,c>los4 ,elyse ,mraut1 ! little pr9ce's tutor1 is said to be ! portrait ( an excell5t y\?1 by "n ,?rion1 also entru/$ ) a pr9ce's education1 & :o 0 horrifi$ to f9d t he believ$ m firmly 9 ! pr9ciples ( legitimacy & div9e "r ?an 8 pupil's p>5ts4 ,! fa!r ( ,elyse ,mraut1 ! old ,legitimi/ peasant :o sees 8 son's future insur$ because ! ,comte de ,*ambord promises to be> him 9 m9d1 is no o!r ?an ,a4 ,daudet's own fa!r4 ,b all ! real portraits are second>y *>act]s t =m ! backgr\nd ( ! picture4 ,! lead+ p]sonages ( ! drama1 ,*ri/ian ,,ii41 ! de?ron$ k+ ( ,illyria1 :o takes 8 exile v lightly1 & =gets x by wall[+ 9 ! mire ( ,p>isian dissipations2 8 wife1 ! noble ,frd]ique1 :o lives b = "o ?+1 ! recov]y ( ! ?rone ( h] husb& & son1 & 9 t hope endures e affront2 _! tru/y att5dants1 ! two ,ros5s2 & f9ally ,john ,lvis1 ! unscrupul\s man ( bus9ess1 :o kn[s ! t>iff ( all ! vices1 & ) 8 wife ,sphora1 takes advantage ( ! dissolute weakness ( ,*ri/ian ,,ii41--all ^! lead+ figures1 ?\gh comp\nd$ ( traits1 if n real at lea/ pr(\ndly true1 are ! au?or's own creation4 ,!y are arti/ically sup]ior1 moreov]1 to ^? ( ! ,nabab1 m complete1 m lifelike ev51 = !y are /ripp$ ( su* traits z are too p]sonal1 second>y1 fleet+1 contr>y to actual reality1 & we> r ! "* ( types4 ,types !y truly are1 ?is k+ & que51 repres5tative ( all ! gr&eur & vil5ess1 ! h]oism & c[>dice1 ! noble pride & fooli% prejudice1 dwell+ 9 ! exil$ sov]eigns :o came to ,p>is1 "s to weep = mon>*y1 o!rs to hold its c>nival1 "s z to ! c5tre ( pleasure1 o!rs to t ( political intrigue2 & is !re n a philosophy1 hi/orical & political1 9 ,m4 ,daudet's novel1 9 8 picture ( ,*ri/ian ,,ii4 =c$ to abdicate 8 royal pret5sions aft] sacrific+ !m to ! love ( an unwor?y woman :o has fool$ him1 & ,frd]ique bidd+ f>ewell to all ! hopes t c5tr$ 9 h] little ,z>a1 =gett+ ev]y?+ besides be+ a "m1 & devot+ all h] p[]s t[>ds rescu+ h] *ild f ! sickness t is kill+ him8 ,x is unfair to ,m4 ,daudet to say t he only possesses ! art ( pa9t+ ! *atoyant lights1 ! picturesque outside ( ,p>isian life1 ! dresses1 ! furniture1 & ! sc5]y2 to repres5t him z m]ely a skilful manufactur] ( bimbelot]ie4 ,we may tax him ) abuse ( description1 & t habit ( reportage peculi> to ! daily press2 & x w\ld be va9 to look 9 him = ! sobriety t enhances ! beauty ( "s immortal works ( art2 b su* sobriety is incompatible ) an art :i* aims at pa9t+ human life 9 all its aspects1 all its details1 all its col\rs4 ,nei!r ,%akspe>e1 ,dick5s1 nor ,balzac is sob]4 ,to be sure ,m4 ,daudet is nei!r a ,dick5s nor a ,balzac1 b 8 delicate s5sibility makes him p5etrate f> bel[ ! out] cru/1 to ! human gr\nd ( ! *>act]s1 & ! life !y live is a real "o4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is1 ! fir/ quality ( a noveli/1 "o =gives ! brutality & ! pret5ti\s passages1 an imitation1 ! "o ( ,m4 ,zola1 ! o!r ( ,m4 de ,gonc\rt1 & ! inequalities ( a /yle :i* is1 nev]!less1 9 wond]ful h>mony ) ! _w he pa9ts4 ,t :i* con/itutes ,m4 ,daudet's great sup]iority ov] o!r noveli/s ( ! reali/ic s*ool1 is t he has no contempt = humanity1 t he always loves x1 (t5 pities1 & sometimes admires x4 ,no?+ c be m false1 m unpleasant1 or1 we may v5ture to say1 m tiresome1 ?an ! view tak5 by a c]ta9 w\ld-be sci5tific pessimism ( humanity1 z be+ no?+ b a comp\nd ( vil5ess1 vapidness1 & folly4 ,m4 ,zola is le>n+ x to 8 co/4 ,aft] ! imm5se success ( ,l',assommoir1 due to ! great p[] ( ! pa9t]1 z also to ! horror inspir$ by sc5es ( unp>allel$ crud5ess1 he wi%$ to outdo himself & depict 9 ,nana ! l[e/ dep?s ( ,p>isian corruption4 ,to make ! impression ! m complete1 he has n let 9 a s+le brea? ( pure air2 or introduc$ a s+le "* :i* 0 n insipidly /upid & s5sual1 enslav$ by ! l[e/ appetites1 incapable ( a s+le noble ?\ght or g5]\s s5tim5t4 ,! effect on ! public 0 we>9ess r ?an disgu/4 ,le ,voltaire1 :i* _h expect$ to make its =tune by br++ out ! book 9 feuilletons1 0 greatly surpris$ to see its circulation rapidly fail1 actually on acc\nt ( ,m4 ,zola's novel4 ,we are afraid ! same ?+ w happ5 ) reg>d to ! "w ann\nc$ by ,m4 ,flaub]t4 ,?is great writ] & consci5ti\s arti/ is un=tunately p]suad$1 9 spite ( 8 admiration = ,i4 ,t\rguneff 7t true pa9t] ( humanity1 ( its virtues z ( its vices71 t ! novel %\ld conf9e itself to ! portrayal ( ! m$iocre & uni=m mass :i* makes up ! majority ( m54 ,already 9 ,l',education ,s5tim5tale he s\ght to %[ ! vulg>ity & co>s5ess t g5]ally conceal !mselves "u :at is call$ love2 9 ! novel he is n[ engag$ on he %[s u two m5 brutaliz$ by ! me*anical r\t9e ( a bureaucratic c>e]1 /udy+ e human sci5ce1 & f9d+ 9 ! /udy m]ely an occasion = ! bett] display ( _! incurable folly4 ,su* mi/akes committ$ by m5 ( g5ius cause u ! bett] to appreciate less p[]ful c]ta9ly1 b m human1 works1 by writ]s :o seek to r5d] life attractive to u1 su* z ,a4 ,!uriet1 = in/ance1 :o has j produc$ a new novel1 ,le ,fils ,mang>s 7,*>p5ti]74 ,m4 ,!uriet is "o ( ! few ,fr5* writ]s ( fiction :o1 in/ead ( deal+ ) ! trag$ies ( guilty passion succe$ 9 %$d+ a dramatic int]e/ ov] ! affections & suff]+s ( pure "y he>ts4 ,9 ?is he resembles ! ,engli% noveli/s4 ,innoc5t love =ms ! gr\ndwork ( 8 books1 & con/itutes _! poetry & _! *>m4 ,le ,fils ,mang>s is ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( /udies entitl$ ,nos ,enfants1 deal+ ) ! v>i\s complications aris+ out ( ! disagreem5t ( p>5ts & *ildr54 ,9 ,le ,fils ,mang>s we are introduc$ to a fa!r1 :o has devot$ all 8 ef=ts t[>ds amass+ a =tune = 8 son1 has to t end made use ( di%one/ means1 & f9ds 8 puni%m5t 9 ! loyalty ( ! "o = :om he committ$ ! wrong4 ,8 son refuses to b5efit by ! weal? di%one/ly acquir$1 & falls 9 love ) ! daught] ( "o ( ! m5 8 fa!r has ru9$4 ,?is poignant !me is h&l$ ) ! airy & attractive delicacy t *>act]izes ,!uriet's t\*4 ,7 ! surly critics to be tru/$1 we %\ld n be leav+ ! doma9 ( fiction 9 turn+ to ! new volume ,m4 ,r5an has devot$ to ! hi/ory ( ! s\rces ( ,*ri/ianity1 entitl$ ,l',eglise ,*rti5ne 7,lvy74 ,x deals ) ! def9itive con/itution ( ! ,*ur*1 at ! mom5t :5 dogma =ms itself by contact )1 & 9 opposition to1 ! v>i\s h]esies1 & ! organization ( ! hi]>*y takes place4 ,x is true t ,m4 ,r5an c\ld1 if he s wi%$1 be a wond]ful writ] ( fiction4 ,) :at art he br+s on 8 p]sonages1 h[ admirably he infuses life into ! ?\s& dry & scatt]$ fragm5ts collect$ by erudition1 & =ms !m into a co-ord9ate & complete :ole6 ,) :at psy*ological p5etration he ent]s into ! m9ds ( 8 p]sonages1 & makes u famili>ly acqua9t$ ) ! ,roman ,cs>s or ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs6 ,:at weal? ( imag9ation6 :at wit*]y ( /yle6 ,at times he is1 no d\bt1 l$ away by 8 imag9ation2 too (t5 ! desire to inve/ old facts ) life & reality leads him to comp>e1 or ev5 assimilate1 ! pres5t ) ! pa/1 &1 9 8 exposition ( anci5t ideas1 to mix !m up ) 8 own1 ideas s peculi> to our "t & to ,m4 ,r5an himself1 t ! int]mixture produces a false impression4 ,x is d>+ to ascribe ! ,f\r? ,gospel to ,c]9?us1 & /ill m s to reg>d ! lett] ( ! ,lyons ,*ur* on ! m>tyrdom ( ,po?9 & 8 companions z a pro( ( ! ,lyonnese be+ false-m9d$1 & to connect ! fact ) ! ,sociali/ t5d5cies ( mod]n ,lyons4 ,f 8 comp>+ ,hadrian 9 "s respects to ,n]o1 we ga!r t ,m4 ,r5an has yield$ to ! indulg5ce he _h already te/ifi$ t[>ds ,n]o 9 8 volume on ,l',ante*ri/1 an indulg5ce gr\nd$ on ! arti/ic ta/es1 or r pret5sions1 ( ! royal /age-play]4 ,b ^! blemi%es1 & occasional brea*es ( hi/orical tru? or good ta/e1 ought n to bl9d u to ! hi/orical value ( a "w :i*1 if x be ! "w ( a great arti/1 is likewise t ( a s*ol> ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,numb]s ( m5 c pore ov] texts & critics1 b to revive ! pa/1 & introduce into ! doma9 ( hi/ory1 & make ! g5]al public famili> ) subjects res]v$ hi!rto to !ologians & critics by pr(ession1 is ! "w ( a g5ius only4 ,s*ol>s f9d mu* to c5sure 9 ,mi*elet's ,hi/oire de ,franceau moy5 ,age2 b :atev] its inexactitudes1 he is ! only man :o has succe$$ 9 re/or+ to life ! ,france ( bygone days4 ,& is n life "o ( ! mo/ important elem5ts ( reality8 ,ev5 an imp]fect acqua9tance ) a liv+ man enables "o to =m a tru] notion ( ! man ?an ! mo/ m9ute autopsy ( a dead body4 ,moreov]1 z reg>ds ! pa/ we h n ! :ole body1 b only scatt]$ fragm5ts2 ! brea? ( g5ius mu/ pass ov] ^! dry bones--re/ore to !m fle%1 blood1 col\r1 movem5t1 & voice4 ,b g5ius c only d h] magic "w :5 ! mat]ials t are to s]ve = ?is wond]ful trans=mation h be5 collect$ by erudition4 ,m4 ,r5an w\ld n h be5 able to con/ruct 8 hi/orical monum5t _h n ,g]man criticism prep>$ ! way = him4 ,erudition occasionally arrives at a/oni%+ results by digg+1 ei!r 9 ! e>? :i* has swall[$ up ! anci5t build+s or 9 ! du/ ( ! ar*ives4 ,"h is an individual :o play$ a v important "p 9 ! fifte5? c5tury 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 ,france & ,engl&1 :o1 ?\gh a /rang] & fight+ m especially z an adv5tur] gre$y ( spoil1 help$ to re/ore ,france to indep5d5ce1 :o 0 almo/ unkn[n1 ^: "n 0 n m5tion$ 9 any ( our hi/ories4 ,m4 ,i4 ,qui*]at has br\ght him to life1 & ,rodrigue de ,vill&r&o 7,ha*ette7 w see 8 "n cit$ 9 all ! hi/ories ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,vii4 ,! book is a model ( hi/orical recon/ruction4 ,x is wond]ful to see h[1 ) a s]ies ( scatt]$ indications1 mo/ ( !m ! v drie/ ( docum5ts1 n only ! incid5ts ( a life1 b ! features ( a "*1 c be piec$ toge!r aga94 ,su* a "* z ,rodrigue's is n v complicat$1 x is true4 ,!re are hi/orical p]sonages to p5etrate ! dep?s ( ^: nature an accumulation ( docum5ts & te/imony w\ld be necess>y4 ,su* is ,napoleon1 :om ea* day ?r[s "s new light ^u1 & on :om1 aft] 8 hav+ be5 magnifi$ beyond all measure1 po/]ity w1 no d\bt1 be call$ to pass sev]e judgm5t4 ,nev] 0 su* ov]:elm+ te/imony pron\nc$ aga9/ him z 9 ! ,mmoires de ,madame de ,rmusat1 ! fir/ volume ( :i* is j out4 ,mme4 de ,rmusat 0 s plac$ z to be m ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ?an any "o ) ! "* ( ,napoleon4 ,lady-9-wait+ to ,joseph9e1 & wife ( "o ( ,napoleon's ,matres du palais1 %e b[$ = a long :ile to ! asc5dancy ( ,napoleon's g5ius1 & ! lik+ he te/ifi$ = h] 0 suffici5tly /rong to awak51 ?\gh unju/ly1 ! mom5t>y jeal\sy ( ,joseph9e4 ,! speak] is n an enemy1 !re=e1 b an old fri5d :o tries to expla9 at once h] adh]5ce to ! imp]ial rgime & ! motives t caus$ h] to alt] h] political cre$4 ,%e is ?us 9 ! be/ /ate ( m9d1 accord+ to ,m4 ,r5an1 = judg+ a great man or a doctr9e1 t ( hav+ believ$ & believ+ no long]4 ,add to ?is ! sweetness ( m9d natural to a woman1 & ! k9d ( indulg5ce peculi> to times :5 sudd5 political *anges lead to frequ5t *anges ( op9ion4 ,all ^! consid]ations only r5d] ,mme4 de ,rmusat's te/imony ! m ov]:elm+ = ,napoleon1 & its value is s+ul>ly increas$ on its be+ se5 to agree ) t :i* all ! s9c]e witnesses ( ! "t1 ,ph4 de ,sgur1 ,miot de ,mlito1 z well z ,sismondi1 lead u to inf]4 ,! g5ius ( ,napoleon is n dim9i%$1 & no?+ is m rem>kable ?an ! conv]sations relat$ by ,mme4 de ,rmusat1 :]e9 he judges ev]y?+1 lit]ature1 politics1 & hi/ory1 ) a haughty orig9ality f ! po9t ( view ( 8 own int]e/s & passions4 ,"s ( 8 say+s relative to ! gov]nm5t ( m5 are wor?y ( ,ma*iavelli4 ,! reason+s :]eby he expla9s & ju/ifies ! assass9ation ( ! ,duc d',enghi5 w\ld =m a spl5did *apt] to ! ,pr9ce4 ,b f ! moral po9t ( view ,napoleon /rikes u z ! mo/ p]fect type ( a tyrant4 ,no moral law exi/s = him2 he does n admit ! obligation ( any duty2 he does n ev5 recognise ^? duties ( a sov]eign1 t subord9ation ( ! individual to ! int]e/s ( ! ,/ate1 :i* con/itute ! greatness ( a ,cromwell or a ,fr$]ick ,,ii42 he recognises b "o law1 t ( 8 nature1 :i* insi/s on dom9at+ & be+ sup]ior to ev]y?+ t surr\nds him4 ,quia nom9or ,leo1 is 8 only rule4 ,morals always h _! rev5ge on ^? ^: encroa*+ p]sonality refuses to recognise laws4 ,writ]s or sov]eigns1 :atev] _! g5ius1 relapse into falsehood & extravagance4 ,?is 0 ,napoleon's fate4 ,y are always consci\s 9 him ( ! p>v5u act+ a "p--! comm$iante trag$iante1 z ,pius ,,vii4 put x4 ,he _h fits ( goodness1 ( weakness ev51 b 8 human & g5]\s sides _h be5 cru%$ by 8 frightful egoism4 ,he lik$ to make ^? he lov$ be/ suff]4 ,he treat$ 8 wife & 8 mi/resses ) brutal contempt2 he c\ld no long] lam5t ! dea? ( ^? :o seem$ de>e/ to him4 ,je n'ai pas le temps de m'occup] des morts1 he said to ,talleyr&4 ,by ! side ( ?is great figure ,mme4 de ,rmusat has1 9 h] ,memoirs1 sket*$ _m o!rs--! frivol\s1 good1 t\*+1 & un=tunate ,joseph9e2 ! amiable ,hort5se ,beauh>nais1 ! dry1 cold ,l\is1 ,napoleon's si/]s1 jeal\s1 pr\d1 & immoral2 & o!rs--b all pale be=e ! imp]ial colossus4 ,besides ,m4 ,daudet's novel1 ,m4 ,r5an's new volume1 & ! ,memoirs ( ,mme4 de ,rmusat1 ! la/ ?ree mon?s h witness$ ano!r lit]>y ev5t ( "s consequ5ce--! bir? ( an important ,review1 :i* aims at ! position occupi$ = ?irty ye>s pa/ by ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes4 ,! ,n\velle ,revue 0 />t$ & is edit$ by a woman1 ,mme4 ,edmond ,adam1 kn[n z a writ] "u ! "n ( ,juliette ,lamb]4 ,a new ph5om5on ?is 9 ! lit]>y _w1 ! /range/ feature ( x be+ t ,mme4 ,adam has tak5 exclusively ^u h]self ! bullet9 ( =eign politics4 ,if ! task ( edit+ a ,review be ardu\s = a man1 :o 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 und]tak+ mu/ brave e enmity & qu5* 8 individual sympa?ies1 h[ mu* m s = a woman ^: /aff ( contributors is recruit$ f ! habitus ( h] salon1 & :o mu/ be con/antly tempt$ to c>ry into h] (ficial transactions ! habits ( graci\s hospitality :i* h made h] h\se "o ( ! mo/ c\rt$ political & lit]>y c5tres ( ,p>is8 ,! aim ( ! ,n\velle ,revue also is to be up ) ! times2 x is incl9$ to judge an article r by ! fame ( ! "n at ! end ( x ?an by its own intr9sic m]it2 x w ins]t ! sup]ficial lucubrations ( ,g5]al ,turr or ,m4 ,ca/el>1 :i* b = ! signature are wor?less4 ,x gives political que/ions an importance h>dly appreciat$ by ^? :o f9d all _! political ne$s suppli$ by ! daily press1 & look to a ,review = lit]>y or sci5tific int]e/s4 ,f9ally1 ! *ief ob/acle 9 ! way ( ! ,n\velle ,revue is t our be/ essayi/s are b\nd n only by *a9s ( gratitude & habit1 b also by *a9s ( gold1 to ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes4 ,nev]!less !re is pl5ty ( room 9 our lit]>y _w = a new review1 s f> at lea/ z writ]s are conc]n$4 ,if %e makes tal5t h] aim1 & n m]ely op9ions agree+ ) h] own1 ,mme4 ,adam w n want = contributors4 ,to get read]s w be m difficult 9 a c\ntry ( r\t9e1 :]e ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes has become an indisp5sable item ( e respectable family's h\sehold furniture4 ,until n[ ! ,n\velle ,revue has be5 successful2 ! sale has rea*$ f #fjjj to #hjjj copies p] numb]1 &1 )\t hav+ yet publi%$ any?+ v fir/-rate1 x has be5 fairly well suppli$ ) pleasant articles4 ,! recollections ( ! s+] ,duprez h hi!rto be5 its greate/ attraction4 ,a novel by ,mme4 ,grville1 & articles by ,,mm4 de ,borni]1 ,bigot1 & de ,gub]natis also des]ve m5tion4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 our judgm5t is p>tial1 & ! success ( ! ,n\velle ,revue is due to its att5tion to ! imm$iate int]e/s ( ! pres5t1 & ! space allott$ to politics4 ,! numb] ( ^? :o take an int]e/ 9 lit]ature daily gr[s small] 9 ,france4 ,( ^? n absorb$ by politics "s =sake pure lit]ature = erudition1 & ! great] numb] give !mselves up to sci5ce4 ,x is ow+ to ! s*ol>s t ! ,revue ,philosophique is succe$+ s brilliantly2 all ! sci5tific societies are fl\ri%+1 & ,l',association p\r l',enc\ragem5t des ,sci5ces aga9 v]ifi$ its gr[+ advancem5t at its late meet+ at ,montpelli]4 ,! geographical section1 rec5tly f\nd$1 promises to become "o ( ! mo/ active1 = geographical /udies1 s long neglect$ 9 ,france1 h sudd5ly made an extraord9>y />t4 ,! ,geographical ,society n[ has #agjj memb]s1 & has built itself a magnific5t htel2 ! ,alp9e ,club1 a geographical r ?an a climb+ society1 is increas+ s rapidly 9 numb]s t x is impossible to give ! exact figure4 ,x am\nts to sev]al ?\s&4 ,if unscrupul\s speculators h tak5 advantage ( ?is reawak5+ zeal = geographical /udy to publi% a sw>m ( sup]ficial & ha/ily compil$ h&books1 & c>elessly engrav$ maps1 "s works ( real m]it h appe>$ t d cr$it to our ,fr5* editors4 ,& "h ! firm ( ,ha*ette holds ! fir/ rank4 ,la ,t\r du ,monde is an illu/rat$ j\rnal ( travels1 admirably arrang$ & pr9t$2 ! great ,hi/orical ,atlas & ,univ]sal ,diction>y ( ,geography ( ,m4 ,vivi5 de ,sa9t ,m>t9 h b "o fault1 ! excessive t>d9ess ( _! publication4 ,m4 ,elise ,reclus's h&some "w1 ,la ,t]re et les ,hommes1 on ! contr>y1 is issu$ ) unexceptionable regul>ity4 ,! fif? volume1 n[ approa*+ completion1 comprises ! c\ntries ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 pr9cipally ,russia1 :i* is n[ attract+ ! att5tion ( hi/orians & politicians g5]ally4 ,m4 ,reclus's po9t ( view is especially calculat$ to answ] to ! nature ( ! pres5t int]e/1 = he ent]s m p>ticul>ly into ! relations ( ! p to ! soil2 to ! adm9i/rative geography1 details conc]n+ :i* are to be f\nd ev]y:]e1 he pays only second>y att5tion1 devot+ himself m especially to ! physical geography1 cu/oms1 & in/itutions4 ,8 book is m p>ticul>ly a "w on geology1 e?nography1 & sociology2 & !re9 lies its orig9ality & usefulness4 ,ha*ette is also engag$ 9 publi%+ a map ( ,france t exce$s 9 beauty & precision ev]y?+ t has ev] be5 produc$ ( ! k9d until n[4 ,x is drawn by ! ,s]vice des ,*em9s ,vic9aux at ! exp5se ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,int]ior1 & w consi/ ( #dfg %eets4 ,! scale is #a_/ajjjjj4 ,! admirable engrav]1 ,m4 ,erh>d1 has be5 entru/$ ) ! execution1 :i* is beyond criticism alike z reg>ds fulness ( detail1 cle>ness1 & col\r+4 ,ea* %eet co/s only #ge;c41 a mod]ate sum1 consid]+ ! exceptional m]it ( ! "w1 ! mo/ consid]able ( its k9d s9ce ! ,/aff map4 ,a pro( ( ! importance atta*$ 9 ^! days to ! /udy ( geography is ! f\ndation ( ,*airs ( ,geography 9 sev]al ( our ,faculties ( ,lett]s--,bordeaux1 ,lyons1 ,nancy--& a c\rse ( lectures on hi/orical geography at ! cole des ,hautes tudes4 ,?is c\rse w be giv5 by ,m4 ,a4 ,longnon1 ^: works on ,les ,pagi de la ,gaule & ,la ,gographie de la ,gaule au sixime sicle1 h made him a ,european au?ority4 ,by ! comb9$ use ( ! philological laws ( ! transmutation ( s\nds1 hi/orical docum5ts1 & ar*ological data1 he has rea*$ a precision x seem$ impossible to atta9 9 ^! matt]s4 ,he may be said to h f\nd$ a new sci5ce1 & ! happie/ results are to be expect$ f 8 tea*+4 ,!re is always a lull 9 ! arti/ic z 9 ! lit]>y & sci5tific _w dur+ ! summ] & autumn1 s t !re is little ( importance to be not$4 ,! designs s5t 9 = ! monum5t to ,rabelais1 = ! /atue ( ! ,republic1 = a decorative curta9 to be execut$ by ! ,gobel9s1 all public works op5$ to competition1 h be5 exhibit$4 ,! "q ( su* competitions 0 mu* discuss$ on ! occasion4 ,x seems at fir/ sight ! be/ way ( secur+ ! highe/ "w1 b practically x is n s4 ,arti/s ( ackn[l$g$ m]it d n g5]ally c>e to ent] into competition ) bro!r arti/s2 !y %r9k f ! exp5se1 (t5 consid]able1 :i*1 9 case ( failure1 is ?r[n away4 ,t incurr$1 = in/ance1 by ! competitors = ! /atue ( ! ,republic1 am\nt$ to ab\t #djjj francs1 & ! premium aw>d$ to ! ?ree be/ designs to j t sum4 ,x w\ld evid5tly always be bett]1 :5 a really f9e "w is requir$1 to *oose ! arti/ mo/ capable ( execut+ x well1 & leave him free to foll[ 8 own inspiration4 ,?is me?od seems too little democratic = ! days 9 :i* we live1 s "u col\r ( democracy a numb] ( poor devils are made to involve !mselves 9 enorm\s exp5ses = no?+4 ,! mo/ notable ev5ts ( ! la/ ?ree mon?s 9 ! arti/ic _w h be5 ! dea?s ( m5 v>i\sly fam\s4 ,m4 ,viollet ,le ,duc leaves beh9d him ! tw(old reputation ( a le>n$ ar*ologi/ ( ! fir/ ord] & an ar*ological ar*itect /ill m rem>kable4 ,he _h fame1 inde$1 ( a ?ird k9d--z a /irr+ & noisy politician1 :o1 f hav+ be5 "o ( ,napoleon ,,iii4's famili> associates1 & a con/ant gue/ at ,compigne1 became "o ( ! mo/ advanc$ memb]s ( ! ,municipal ,c\ncil ( ,p>is1 a c\rtisan ( ! multitude4 ,b "o is glad to =get him "u ^! unfav\rable aspects & to ?9k ( him only z ! au?or ( ! two great hi/orical diction>ies ( ,l',ar*itecture & ,le ,mobili]1 & ! clev] & le>n$ re/or] ( our m$ival monum5ts4 ,?anks to him1 ,notre ,dame has be5 complet$ & f9i%$1 & recon/itut$ 9 ! v _s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 ?anks to him1 we h at ,pi]refonds ! p]fect model ( a feudal ca/le4 ,an indefatigable work]1 ?is ,radical has alli$ 8 "n 9 a mann] z glori\s z x is indissoluble to ! visible memorials ( ,ca?olic & ,mon>*ical ,france4 ,( a slight]1 b p]haps m univ]sal k9d /ill 0 ! reputation ( ! c>icaturi/ ,*am1 or1 to speak m correctly1 ! ,viscomte de ,no4 ,son ( a ,fr5* pe] kn[n = 8 retrograde op9ions1 ,*am work$ all 8 life = ! ,republican pap]s1 ?\gh p say he adh]$ to 8 ,legitimi/ op9ions4 ,b he enjoy$ an indep5d5ce 9 ! ,republican pap]s :i* w\ld n h be5 all[$ him by ! reaction>y press2 & a c>icaturi/'s fir/ condition is to h pl5ty ( elb[-room to be able to give free play to 8 hum\r4 ,! spr+ ( ,*am's hum\r 0 inexhau/ible4 ,an indiff]5t & monoton\s draughtsman1 8 m9d 0 :olly & entirely 9 ! /ory ( 8 draw+s4 ,! w> ( ridicule he wag$ 9 #ahdh aga9/ ! ,sociali/ic !ories ( ,pr\dhon1 ,pi]re ,l]\x1 ,cabet1 & ,considrant ex]cis$ an und\bt$ influ5ce on ! public m9d4 ,8 comic reviews ( ! annual ,salon conta9$1 among/ _m amus+ follies1 "s j & /++ criticisms4 ,*am leaves no successor1 ,b]tall1 :o is a clev]] draughtsman1 has none ( 8 wit2 ,grv9 c only sket* ) exquisite grace ! ladies ( ! demi-monde & ! "y fops ( ! b\lev>d2 ,gill's political c>icatures are ei!r bitt] or viol5t4 ,! lively & good-natur$ raill]y ( ,*am has no d\bt vani%$ = ev]4 ,9 conjunction ) ^! two arti/s ! "n ( a man %\ld be m5tion$1 :o1 himself an indiff]5t arti/1 0 ! unfail+ patron1 ! provid5ce ( arti/s1 ,b>on ,taylor1 :o di$ almo/ at ! same "t z ,*am4 ,he x 0 :o taught arti/s to =m !mselves into associations aga9/ want4 ,he 0 9 p>ticul> ! s\l ( ! ,socit des ,arti/es ,dramatiques1 & among/ ! imm5se cr[d t att5d$ 8 fun]al 71 no d\bt1 hundr$s indebt$ to him = an easy c>e] & a sure means ( exi/5ce4 ,we are a long way remov$ f ! "t :5 ! life ( an arti/ 0 "o long /ruggle ) mis]y1 :5 m5 ( ! fir/ class cont9u$ obscure or b>ely ma9ta9$ !mselves by _! works4 ,_m difficulties /ill rema9 no d\bt1 b h[ mu* smoo!r ! road has become6 ,musicians1 m especially1 f\nd !mselves 9 ^? days condemn$ to obscurity & oblivion4 ,n[1 ?anks to conc]ts & !atres1 !y c almo/ always h ! public = _! judges4 ,! ,op]a is at pres5t 9 ! h&s ( an ent]pris+ & intellig5t director1 ,m4 ,vaucorbeil1 :o is anxi\s to rescue x f ! groove x has be5 dragg+ on 9 = s long1 ) its curr5t rep]tory ( two or ?ree antiquat$ works1 b>ely br++ out a new "o 9 f\r or five ye>s4 ,true1 we h n got beyond good int5tions until n[1 ,m4 ,g\nod /ill int5d+ to ret\* ! ,tribu de ,zamora1 ,m4 ,a4 ,?omas to f9i% 8 ,franoise de ,rim9i1 & ,m4 ,sa9t-,sa5s /ill unsuccessful 9 gett+ 8 ,eti5ne ,m>cel accept$4 ,besides ! ,gr& ,opra !re is ,l',opra ,populaire locat$ 9 ! ,gat's old qu>t]s1 :i* int5ds1 x is said1 to revive ! lo/ traditions ( ! lyric !atre1 & to be ! !atre ( ! "y g5]ation & ( re=m4 ,b at pres5t x is to ! ,pasdel\p & ,colonne ,conc]ts t ! ris+ musical s*ool owes ! opportunity ( mak+ itself he>d1 & ! ,p>isian public its famili> acqua9tance ) =eign works4 ,! great reputation ,m4 ,sa9t-,sa5s n[ enjoys 0 made at ,colonne's ,conc]ts at ! ,*telet4 ,lately ,s*umann's ,manfr$ 0 giv5 !re4 ,at ! ,cirque ! ,symphonie ,fanta/ique1 by ,b]lioz1 0 play$ ) imm5se success1 also = ! fir/ "t a pian(orte conc]to by ! ,russian compos]1 ,ts*aikovsky1 & ,m4 ,pasdel\p %ortly int5ds to give a p]=mance ( ! :ole ( ! music ( ,loh5gr94 ,consid]$ ap>t f music1 ! !atre is f> f improv+1 & has1 moreov]1 become ! sc5e ( p]=mances t be> no relation to dramatic art4 ,at ! ,n\veauts1 ,pr(essor ,h]mann1 ( ,vi5na1 is p]=m+ sleight-(-h& feats bord]+ on ! miracul\s2 at ! ,v>its ! ,hanlon-,lees h trans=m$ ! /age into a gymnasium1 :]e !y defy e law ( equilibrium & gravity4 ,hold5's ,m>ionettes1 also "o ( ! great attractions ( ! day1 are n m dislocat$ or agile ?an ^! wond]ful m\ntebanks4 ,9 ! way ( new plays ! great rage at pres5t is ,jona?an1 ,m4 ,gond9et's late/ "w1 :i* is be+ play$ at ! ,gymnase4 ,nei!r its wit nor its clev]ness1 any m ?an ! tal5t ( ! actors1 are to be d5i$2 b :at are we to ?9k ( a dramatic art ^: sole end w\ld seem to be to get accept$ on ! /age a /ory s sc&al\s t a brief acc\nt ( x w\ld be intol]able8 ,by d9t ( %ifts1 d\btful ins9uations1 fun1 & _s1 ! sight ( x is j r5d]$ endurable4 ,no he$ is paid to tru?1 nor to ei!r "* or mann]s4 ,x is ! la/ utt]ance ( ! lit]>y decad5ce4 ,we ?\ght t ) ,bb we _h rea*$ ! utmo/ limits ( ?is k9d ( piece4 ,to ,jona?an is due ! hon\r ( hav+ ext5d$ ^? limits4 ,"o feels grateful to ^? :o1 l ,m4 ,cl>etie1 d>e to %$ a pur] atmosph]e ov] ! /age4 ,les ,mirabeau is f> f be+ a ma/]piece4 ,x exhibits1 l all ,m4 ,cl>etie's works1 r a c>eless facility1 b at ! same "t a true und]/&+ ( ! ,revolution>y p]iod2 ! tone is /rong & heal?y1 & "s sc5es1 9 :i* ,mdlle4 ,r\sseil %[s h]self a great actress1 are exce$+ly dramatic4 ,x is giv5 at an ent]pris+ !atre1 ! ,?tre des ,nations1 :i* is devot+ itself to hi/orical drama1 &1 9 a d\ble s]ies ( dramatic mat9es held on ,sunday aft]noons1 is giv+1 on ! "o h&1 a set ( plays relat+ to e epo* ( ,fr5* hi/ory1 on ! o!r1 a set ( =eign plays translat$ into ,fr5*1 & int5d$ to promote ! k ( ! dramatic works ( o!r c\ntries1 anci5t z well z mod]n2 an +5i\s & happy und]tak+1 to :i* we _c b wi% e success4 ,g4 ,,monod4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,"s ( ! words f ! ,article1 ,h9duisn & ,ja9ism conta9 v[els ) macron acc5ts 7l9e above ! lett]74 ,^! are depict$ z ,a1 a1 i1 u4 ,"s words 9 ! article conta9 /&-alone acute acc5ts1 :i* h be5 reta9$4 e4g41 ,zoka2 ,p>svana?a2 ,pajjusan2 ,sadhv9i2 ,siva-ratri2 ,upasraya2 ,errata3 ,page #eee3 ',gov]nmeut' correct$ to ',gov]nm5t' 444 0 =c$ ^u ! ,gov]nm5t by ! attitude ( ,russia4444 ,page #ehj3 'botanti/' correct$ to 'botani/'4 444 by ! ,g]man botanti/1 ,hildebr&1444 ,page #fdb3 'is' correct$ to ',is' 444 9 bonds & deb5tures8 ,is n "p ( ! pr(it realiz$4444 ,page #gad3 ,extrane\s '!' remov$4 ,besides ! ,gr& ,opra !re is ,l',opra ,populaire ! locat$4444