,,china ,,and ,,pottery ,,marks ,,gilman ,,collamore ,,co4 ,,inc4 #ae ,,east #efth ,,street ,,new ,,york ,traditions and ,old ,china ,copyright1 #aibj1 ,gilman ,collamore ,company1 ,inc4 ,traditions and ,old ,china ,from early days when the ancients showed their appreciation of fine pottery and old glassware by burying these most esteemed possessions with the dead1 fine china has been synonymous with culture and breeding4 ,with our ancestors for generations we share the tradition that1 just as first editions give prestige to one's book shelves1 old china or the finest work of the modern kilns express readily that good taste and discrimination that is characteristic of our old families4 ,a wealth of association and historic data is to be acquired from the study of the fabrique marks and periods of the master craftsmen4 ,if in ,america there was a general tendency toward acquiring1 even a smattering1 of this knowledge1 there would be less of these drawing-room atrocities which ,arthur ,hayden in his ,chats on ,english ,earthenware points out1 ,to have a modern set of vases adorning a ,georgian cabinet is like putting new wine in old bottles4 ,for the convenience of the seasoned collector1 as well as the beginner1 in this book is a representative list of better known marks by which china can be identified4 ,while it is not possible to include a complete list1 particularly those of extremely rare specimens1 those compiled have particular reference to the marks of ,english china which is greatly in demand by collectors4 ,these will suffice to enable the reader to identify pieces whenever encountered4 ,the signatures or mark which the master craftsmen in earth or clay signed their products1 just as a painter signs his work1 were often specially designed devices of various kinds1 often a combination of initials and dates4 ,each fabrique mark stands for a certain potter's art just as the modern trade-mark4 ,beginning more than a half century ago in the old ,la ,farge ,house in lower ,broadway 7where ,john ,la ,farge was born7 the house of ,gilman ,collamore and ,company has done much to develop an appreciation of fine china in ,america4 ,it was one of the first houses to bring over from ,england and ,france china1 both modern and old1 for its ,american clients4 ,at this time many fine specimens of old china are on view as well as complete stocks from the modern ,english and ,continental manufacture4 ,,gilman ,,collamore ,,company1 ,,inc4 #ae ,,east #ef,,th ,,street ,,new ,,york ,germany and ,austria ,illustration ,,dresden ,,meissen4 ,established in #agji4 ,mark used to #agab1 in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,dresden ,mark used from #agab to #agbj1 in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,dresden ,about #agbj1 mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,dresden #agcj1 mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,dresden #agif4 ,,marcolini 7,director7 ,,period4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,dresden ,royal pieces only4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,dresden ,present mark4 ,this mark with two scratches across it shows imperfect pieces which may or may not have been decorated in the factory4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,vienna ,established in #agah4 ,this mark first used in #agdd4 ,hard paste4 ,royal factory discontinued in #ahfd4 ,illustration ,,berlin ,established in #agea4 ,wegeleys' mark4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,berlin ,in #agfc became a royal establishment4 ,mark in blue4 ,sometimes an eagle added4 ,illustration ,,berlin ,different kind of sceptre4 ,in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,berlin ,an extra mark used in #ahcj with the sceptre1 which is the present mark4 ,this mark complete is never used except with perfect pieces decorated in the factory4 ,decorated pieces bearing the blue sceptre mark only are decorated outside of the factory4 ,illustration ,,hochst1 near ,,mayence ,founded in #agbj4 ,this mark1 used about #agdj1 in gold1 red1 or blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,hochst1 near ,,mayence ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,frankenthal #agee to #agfa4 ,first period4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,frankenthal #agii1 second period4 ,carl ,theodore4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,frankenthal ,phillipp ,hanong 7,director74 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,frankenthal ,joseph ,adam ,hanong 7,director74 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,frankenthal ,john ,hanong 7,director74 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,frankenthal #ahjj4 ,franz ,bartolo 7,director74 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,nymphenburg ,established in #agdg4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,nymphenburg ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,nymphenburg ,an early mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,furstenburg ,established in #agej4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,furstenburg #ageh4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,ludwigsburg or ,,kronenburg ,established in #ageh to #ahjf4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,ludwigsburg ,first period4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,ludwigsburg ,second period4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,ludwigsburg ,hard paste4 ,mark in blue4 ,illustration ,,fulda ,established in #agfc to #aghj4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,fulda ,hard paste4 ,the arms of ,fulda4 ,illustration ,,rudolstadt ,established in #ageh4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,rauenstein ,established in #agfj4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,limbach ,established about #agfa4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,limbach ,another mark4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,limbach ,another mark4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,grosbreitenbach ,established about #aggj4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,grosbreitenbach ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,volkstedt ,established #agfb4 ,c4 ,v4 sometimes added with the arms4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,volkstedt ,another mark4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,volkstedt ,another mark4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,anspach ,established about #agah4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,anspach ,generally accompanied by letter ,a4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,anspach ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,anspach ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,gotha ,founded in #aghj4 ,hard paste4 ,various marks4 ,illustration ,,gera ,established about #aghj4 ,marks in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,alt ,,haldensteben ,the factory of ,m4 ,nathusins4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,charlottenburg ,established in #agij4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,baden-,,baden ,established in #agec to #aghh4 ,the edge of the ax in gold4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,cologne ,factory of ,m4 ,l4 ,cremer4 ,enameled ,fayence4 ,illustration ,,popplesdorf1 near ,,bonn ,fayence and porcelain4 ,illustration ,,strasbourg ,established about #ageb4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,niderviller ,established in #agfh4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,elbogen in ,,bohemia ,established in #ahae4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,schlakenwald ,established about #ahjj4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,lehammer or ,,pirkenhammer1 near ,,carlsbad ,founded in #ahjb4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,herend ,established #ahci4 ,illustration ,,herend ,another mark4 ,russia and ,poland ,illustration ,,korzec ,established about #ahjc4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,moscow ,established in #aghg4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,st4 ,,petersburg ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,st4 ,,petersburg ,mark of ,empress ,catherine ,,ii4 #agfb to #agif4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,st4 ,,petersburg ,monogram of ,nicholas ,i4 #ahbe to #ahee4 ,illustration ,,st4 ,,petersburg ,established #agdd4 ,mark in blue4 ,denmark ,illustration ,,copenhagen ,established in #aggb4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,holland and ,belgium ,illustration ,,amsterdam ,established in #aghb4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,amsterdam ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,amsterdam ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,tourney ,mark in gold represents a potter's kiln4 ,established in #agej4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,tourney ,mark in gold used after #agee4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,tourney ,used about #agee4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,hague ,factory established about #agge2 ceased in #aghe4 ,mark in gray4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,delft ,joost ,thooft and ,labouchere4 ,present mark ,fayence4 ,switzerland ,illustration ,,nyon ,established in #agij4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,zurich ,established about #agei4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,italy and ,spain ,illustration ,,nove #ageb4 ,mark in blue or red4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,venice ,mark in red4 ,majolica4 ,illustration ,,venice ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,venice #agbj to #agdj4 ,soft paste4 ,mark in red4 ,illustration ,,venice ,soft paste4 ,mark in red4 ,illustration ,,turin ,vineuf4 ,established about #aggj4 ,dr4 ,gioanetti 7,director74 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,turin ,vineuf4 ,another mark4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,doccia ,founded in #agce4 ,hard and soft paste4 ,illustration ,,doccia ,hard and soft paste4 ,another mark4 ,illustration ,,doccia ,hard and soft paste4 ,another mark4 ,illustration ,,capo ,,di ,,monte ,founded in #agcf4 ,this mark used from #agei4 ,factory abandoned in #ahba4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,capo ,,di ,,monte ,mark used from #agei4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,capo ,,di ,,monte ,soft paste4 ,other marks4 ,illustration ,,milan ,mark in blue4 ,fayence4 ,illustration ,,madrid ,,buen ,,retiro4 ,monogram of ,charles ,,iii4 ,established in #agei to #ahab4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,madrid ,soft paste4 ,another mark4 ,illustration ,,madrid ,mark in blue4 ,first quality4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,madrid ,mark in blue4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,madrid ,mark in blue4 ,mark under crown is another form of the monogram of ,charles ,,iii41 the founder4 ,illustration ,,oporto ,established about #agij4 ,hard paste4 ,mark in gold or colors4 ,england ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established in #agfi4 ,this mark both stamped and printed4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,,wedgwood1 present mark on decorated china4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established about #agef4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established about #aghj4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,imitations of ,,wedgwood4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established in #agcj4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established #agij4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established in #agic by ,mr4 ,john ,davenport4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established about #aggj1 by ,josiah ,spode4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,copeland successor of ,spode in #ahcc4 ,illustration ,,liverpool ,established in #agej4 ,illustration ,,liverpool ,established in #agef4 ,illustration ,,liverpool ,established in #agij4 ,illustration ,,liverpool ,this mark was used from #ahbb to #ahcc4 ,illustration ,,plymouth ,established #agfj4 ,william ,cookworthy4 ,illustration ,,yarmouth ,absolon1 only a decorator4 ,illustration ,,swansea ,established #agij4 ,this mark used about #ahae4 ,illustration ,,swansea ,mark in red4 ,illustration ,,wales ,established about #ahac4 ,mark in red4 ,illustration ,,leeds ,hartley ,greens ,co4 ,established about #aggj4 ,illustration ,,bristol ,established about #aggj1 by ,richard ,champion4 ,illustration ,,bristol ,illustration ,,bristol ,ceased in #aggg4 ,illustration ,,bow ,established about #agcj4 ,ceased in #agge4 ,illustration ,,bow ,illustration ,,bow ,illustration ,,chelsea ,the oldest mark4 ,about #agdg4 ,illustration ,,chelsea ,mark in red4 ,illustration ,,chelsea ,first quality mark in gold4 ,illustration ,,derby ,established #agea4 ,this mark used before #agfi4 ,illustration ,,derby-,,chelsea ,this mark in gold #aggc4 ,illustration ,,crown ,,derby ,mark in blue used about #aghj4 ,illustration ,,derby ,mark used in #ahcj4 ,bloor 7,director74 ,illustration ,,derby ,mark used in #ahcj4 ,bloor 7,director74 ,illustration ,,derby ,mark used in #ahfj4 ,illustration ,,royal ,,crown ,,derby ,present mark4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,established #agea4 ,oldest mark4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,mark imitation of ,dresden4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,generally on ,chinese patterns4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,about #agea4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,used #aghc to #aghh4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,used #ahjg to #ahac4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,used #aheg to #ahfb4 ,illustration ,,worcester ,present mark4 ,illustration ,,caughley4 ,,shropshire ,established about #agea4 ,illustration ,,caughley4 ,,shropshire ,an early mark in blue4 ,illustration ,,coalport ,established between #aghj and #agij4 ,illustration ,,coalport ,illustration ,,coalport ,present mark4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,established in #agia by ,mr4 ,thomas ,minton4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,present mark4 ,illustration ,,lambeth and ,,burslem ,doulton ,co4 ,illustration ,,staffordshire ,brown-,westhead1 ,moore ,co4 ,france ,illustration ,,st4 ,,cloud ,established about #afie4 ,factory destroyed by fire in #aggc2 not rebuilt4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,st4 ,,cloud ,this mark used from #agcj to #agfb4 ,either in blue or graved in ware4 ,the letter ,t stands for ,tron1 the name of the director4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,chantilly ,established in #agce4 ,mark in blue or red4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,arras ,established in #aghb4 ,mark in blue4 ,factory ceased in #aghf4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,menecy ,established in #agce4 ,this mark is usually impressed2 sometimes traced in blue4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,etiolles1 near ,,corbeil ,established in #agfh4 ,monnier1 manufacturer4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,bourg ,,la ,,reine ,established in #aggc4 ,jacques ,jullien4 ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,sceaux-,,penthievre1 near ,,paris ,established in #agej by ,jacques ,capelle4 ,these letters are engraved on the soft clay4 ,illustration ,,sceaux-,,penthievre1 near ,,paris ,the latter mark in blue4 ,this mark occurs more frequently on ,fayence4 ,illustration ,,clingnancourt ,established in #agge by ,pierre ,deruelle4 ,mark in blue4 ,soft and hard paste4 ,illustration ,,clingnancourt ,used on pieces of ,chinese style4 ,mark in red4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,clingnancourt ,mark of ,monsieur ,comte de ,provence4 ,illustration ,,orleans ,established in #agec by ,m4 ,gerr4 ,hard and soft paste4 ,illustration ,,orleans ,this mark used from #ahjh to #ahga1 in blue or gold4 ,illustration ,,sarreguemines ,soft paste4 ,illustration ,,sarreguemines ,soft paste and ,fayence4 ,illustration ,,vincennes ,soft paste4 ,established in #aghf4 ,illustration ,,vincennes ,soft paste4 ,another mark4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,fontaine ,,au ,,roy ,established in #aggc by ,jean ,baptiste ,locr4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,faubourg ,,st4 ,,lazare ,founded in #aggc4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,faubourg ,,st4 ,,antoine ,established in #aggc4 ,morelle1 manufacturer4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,de ,,la ,,roquette ,established in #aggc4 ,souroux1 manufacturer4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,gros ,,caillon ,established in #aggc by ,advenir ,lamarre4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,de ,,clichy ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,france ,a mark found on biscuit groups4 ,factory unknown4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,thiroux ,established in #aggh4 ,andr ,marie ,lebeuf1 manufacturer4 ,under the protection of ,marie ,antoinette4 ,mark in red4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,de ,,bondy ,established in #aghj4 ,dihl and ,guerhard1 manufacturers4 ,under the patronage of ,duc d',angoulme4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,de ,,bondy ,another mark4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,du ,,faubourg ,,st4 ,,denis ,established in #agfi4 ,under the protection of ,charles ,philippe ,comte d',artois1 afterward ,charles ,x4 ,factory discontinued in #ahaj4 ,illustration ,,belleville ,established in #agij by ,jacob ,petit4 ,mark in blue4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris4 ,,rue ,,de ,,bondy ,hard paste4 ,mark in blue4 ,illustration ,,rouen ,under the reign of ,louis ,,xv4 ,fayence4 ,illustration ,,lille ,established in #aghd by ,leperre ,durot4 ,mark in red4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris ,m4 ,nast1 manufacturer4 ,mark in red4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,paris ,halley1 manufacturer4 ,first ,empire mark in gold4 ,hard paste4 ,illustration ,,nancy ,emile ,gall1 manufacturer4 ,fayence and glass4 ,sevres ,established at ,vincennes in #agdj4 ,removed from there to ,sevres in #agef4 ,king ,louis ,,xv4 became sole proprietor in #agfj4 ,soft paste was made until #ahje4 ,since then only hard paste4 ,the ,sevres ,marks ,,first ,,royal ,,epoch #agde to #agib ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,vincennes4 ,the letter ,a denotes the year #agec1 continued to #aggg4 7,louis ,,xv47 ,illustration3 ,,sevres4 ,ornamented ,,ll's4 ,date #agfd4 ,illustration3 ,,sevres4 ,date #aggh4 7,louis ,,xvi74 ,double letters continued to #agic4 ,,first ,,republican ,,epoch #agib to #ahjd ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration ,illustration3 #agib to #agii4 ,illustration3 #ahja to #ahjd4 ,,first ,,imperial ,,epoch4 #ahjd ,,to #ahad4 ,illustration3 ,,napoleon4 #ahjd to #ahji4 ,illustration3 ,,napoleon4 #ahji to #ahad4 ,,second ,,royal ,,epoch4 #ahad ,,to #ahdh4 ,illustration3 ,louis ,,xviii #ahad to #ahbc4 ,illustration3 ,charles ,x4 #ahbd to #ahbi4 ,illustration3 ,charles ,x4 #ahbi and #ahcj4 ,illustration3 ,charles ,x4 #ahcj4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,louis ,philippe4 #ahca to #ahcd4 ,illustration3 ,louis ,philippe4 #ahcd-ahce4 ,illustration3 ,on services for the ,palaces4 ,illustration3 ,louis ,philippe4 #ahde-ahdh4 ,illustration3 ,after #ahdh1 this mark in green was used for white porcelain4 ,,second ,,republican ,,epoch #ahdh ,,to #ahea4 ,illustration3 ,the ,s stands for ,svres1 and #ea for #ahea4 ,,second ,,imperial ,,epoch4 #aheb ,,to #ahgb4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,from #aheb4 ,illustration3 ,this mark used for white pieces2 when scratched it denotes issue undecorated4 ,illustration3 ,the marks used at the present time4 ,unknown ,marks ,illustration ,chronological ,table ,used in the ,manufactory of ,sevres ,a 7,vincennes7 #agec ,b 7ditto7 #aged ,c 7ditto7 #agee ,d #agef ,e #ageg ,f #ageh ,g #agei ,h #agfj ,i #agfa ,j #agfb ,k #agfc ,l #agfd ,m #agfe ,n #agff ,o #agfg ,p #agfh ,q #aagfi ,r #aggj ,s #agga ,t #aggb ,u #aggc ,v #aggd ,x #agge ,y #aggf ,z #aggg ,,aa #aggh ,,bb #aggi ,,cc #aghj ,,dd #agha ,,ee #aghb ,,ff #aghc ,,gg #aghd ,,hh #aghe ,,ii #aghf ,,jj #aghg ,,kk #aghh ,,ll #aghi ,,mm #agij ,,nn #agia ,,oo #agib ,,pp #agic ,,qq #agid ,,rr #agie #a ,this comet was sometimes substituted for the ordinary mark of the letter ,q4 ,illustration ,year ,,ix #ahja ,t#i ,x #ahjb ,x ,,xi #ahjc #aa ,,xii #ahjd ,illustration ,,xiii #ahje ,illustration ,,xiv #ahjf ,illustration #ahjg #g #ahjh #h #ahji #i #ahaj #aj #ahaa 7onze7 o4z4 #ahab 7douze7 d4z4 #ahac 7treize7 t4z4 #ahad 7quatorze7 q4z4 #ahae 7quinze7 q4n4 #ahaf 7seize7 s4z4 #ahag 7dix sept7 d4s4 ,from this date the year is expressed by the last two figures only4--thus1 #ah for #ahah1 etc41--up to the present time4