,,! ,,ex-,,libris ,,s]ies4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,gleeson ,,:ite4 ,,! ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,books4 ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,illu/ration3 ,g ,bell & ,sons ,,( ,,! ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,( ,,books ,,old ,,& ,,new ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,george ,,bell ,,& ,,sons ,,york ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d51 ,w4,c4 ,,new ,,york3 #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue ,,mdcccxcv ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,*iswick ,,press ,,by ,,*>les ,,:itt+ham ,,co4 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 ,,& ,,fir/ ,,publi%$ ,,decemb]1 #ahif ,,second ,,edition1 ,,revis$1 ,,feb4 #aija ,,?ird ,,edition1 ,,revis$1 ,,jan4 #aije ,,preface4 ,?is book _h its orig9 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree 7,cantor7 ,lectures giv5 be=e ! ,society ( ,arts 9 #ahhi2 !y h be5 amplifi$ & add$ to1 & fur!r *apt]s h be5 writt51 treat+ ( ! v active p]iod 9 pr9t+ & decorative book-illu/ration we h se5 s9ce t "t1 z well z "s rem>ks & sugge/ions t\*+ ! g5]al pr9ciples & conditions gov]n+ ! design ( book pages & ornam5ts4 ,x is n ne>ly s complete or compreh5sive z ,i c\ld h wi%$1 b !re are natural limits to ! bulk ( a volume 9 ! ,ex-,libris s]ies1 & x has be5 only possible to c>ry on su* a "w 9 ! int]vals snat*$ f ! absorb+ "w ( design+4 ,)9 its own l9es1 h[ev]1 ,i hope t if n exhau/ive1 ! book may be f\nd fairly repres5tative ( ! *ief hi/orical & contempor>y types ( decorative book-illu/ration4 ,9 ! selection ( ! illu/rations1 ,i h endeav\r$ to draw ! l9e betwe5 ! purely graphic aim1 on ! "o h&1 & ! ornam5tal aim on ! o!r--betwe5 :at ,i %\ld t]m ! art ( pictorial /atem5t & ! art ( decorative treatm5t2 ?\gh !re are _m cases 9 :i* !y are comb9$1 z1 inde$1 9 all ! mo/ complete book-pictures1 !y %\ld be4 ,my purpose has be5 to treat ( illu/rations :i* are also book-ornam5ts1 s t purely graphic design1 z su*1 unrelat$ to ! type1 & ! conditions ( ! page1 does n come )9 my scope4 ,z book-illu/ration pure & simple1 h[ev]1 has be5 treat$ ( 9 ?is s]ies by ,mr4 ,joseph ,p5nell1 ^: selection is m f ! graphic ?an ! decorative po9t ( view1 ! balance may be said to be adju/$ z reg>ds contempor>y art4 ,i mu/ (f] my be/ ?anks to ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite1 )\t ^: mo/ valuable help ! book might nev] h be5 f9i%$4 ,he has all[$ me to draw ^u 8 rem>kable collection ( mod]n illu/rat$ books = examples1 & ,i am indebt$ to _m arti/s = p]mission to use _! illu/rations1 z well z to ,messrs4 ,george ,all51 ,bradbury1 ,agnew & ,co41 ,j4 ,m4 ,d5t & ,co41 ,edmund ,evans1 ,g$des & ,co41 ,hacon & ,ricketts 7! ,vale ,press71 ,john ,lane1 ,lawr5ce & ,bull51 ,sampson ,l[ & ,co41 ,macmillan & ,co41 ,elk9 ,ma!ws1 ,kegan ,paul & ,co41 ,walt] ,scott1 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 & ,virtue & ,co41 = _! c\rtesy 9 giv+ me1 9 _m cases1 ! use ( ! actual blocks4 ,to ,mr4 ,william ,morris1 :o plac$ 8 beautiful collection ( e>ly pr9t$ books at my disposal1 f :i* to *oose illu/rations2 to ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk] = help 9 _m ways2 to ,mr4 ,john ,calv]t = p]mission to use "s ( 8 fa!r's illu/rations2 & to ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,poll>d :o has l5t me "s ( 8 e>ly ,italian examples1 & has also sup]vis$ my bibliographical p>ticul>s1 ,i desire to make my cordial ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,k5s+ton3 ,july #ah?1 #ahif4 ,,note ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,a repr9t ( ?is book be+ call$ =1 ,i take ! opportunity ( add+ a few notes1 *iefly to ,*apt] ,,iv41 :i* w be f\nd fur!r on ) ! numb]s ( ! pages to :i* !y ref]4 ,z t\*+ ! g5]al subject ( ! book "o may1 p]haps1 be all[$ to record ) "s satisfaction t ! /udy ( lett]+1 text-writ+1 & illum9ation is n[ s]i\sly tak5 up 9 our craft-s*ools4 ,! admirable tea*+ ( ,mr4 ,john/on ( ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts & ! ,royal ,college ( ,art 9 ?is connection _c be too highly spok5 (4 ,we h _h1 too1 admirable "w1 9 ea* k9d1 f ,mr4 ,reut]1 ,mr4 ,mortim]1 ,mr4 ,tregl[n1 ,mr4 ,alan ,vig]s1 ,mr4 ,graily ,hewitt1 & ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,r4 ,gill2 & ,mrs4 ,traguair & ,miss ,k+s=d are rem>kable = ! beauty1 delicacy1 & inv5tion ( _! "w z illum9ators among ! arti/s :o are n[ pursu+ ?is beautiful bran* ( art4 ,s t ! anci5t crafts ( ! scribe & illum9ator may be said to h aga9 come to life1 & ?is1 tak5 9 connection ) ! revival ( pr9t+ z an art1 is an int]e/+ & significant fact4 ,z rec5t contributions to ! /udy ( lett]+ we h ,mr4 ,lewis ,f4 ,day's rec5t book ( ,alphabets1 & ,mr4 ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead's %eets = s*ool use4 ,i h to deplore ! loss ( my =m] help] 9 ?is book1 ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite1 s9ce ! "w fir/ appe>$4 ,8 ext5sive k (1 & sympa?y ) ! mod]n book illu/rators ( ! y\ng] g5]ation 0 rem>kable1 & z a design] himself he %[$ consid]able skill & ta/e 9 book-decoration1 *iefly 9 ! way ( cov]s4 ,z a mo/ e/imable & amiable "* he w always be rememb]$ by 8 fri5ds4 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,k5s+ton3 ,june1 #aijd4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,illu/rative ,,& ,,decorative ,,impulse ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,times2 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,p]iod ,,( ,,decoratively ,,illu/rat$ ,,books ,,9 ,,! ,,illum9at$ ,,mss4 ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,( ,,! ,,transition1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,p]iod ,,( ,,decoratively ,,illu/rat$ ,,books1 ,,f ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,9 ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,onw>ds4 #de4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,( ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,decl9e ,,( ,,decorative ,,feel+ ,,9 ,,book ,,design ,,aft] ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,mod]n ,,revival4 #abe4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,( ,,rec5t ,,developm5t ,,( ,,decorative ,,book ,,illu/ration1 ,,& ,,! ,,mod]n ,,revival ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,z ,,an ,,art4 #ahe4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,( ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,design+ ,,book ,,ornam5ts ,,& ,,illu/rations3 ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,arrangem5t1 ,,spac+ ,,& ,,treatm5t4 #bgi4 ,,index4 #cbi4 ,illu/ration ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,g]man ,,s*ool1 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,page ,leid5 ,*ri/i4 7,bamb]g1 #adgj7 #c ,boccaccio1 ,de ,cl>is ,muli]ibus4 7,ulm1 #adgc7 #g1 #aa ,bu* von d5 sieb5 ,todsnd54 7,augsburg1 #adgd7 #ae ,speculum ,human ,vit4 7,augsburg1 cir4 #adge7 #ag ,bible4 7,cologne1 #adhj7 #ba ,t]r5ce3 ,eunu*us4 7,ulm1 #adhf7 #bg ,*ronica ,hung>i4 7,augsburg1 #adhh7 #ce ,hortus ,sanitatis4 7,ma9z1 #adia7 #ci ,*ronek5 d] ,sass54 7,ma9z1 #adib7 #da ,bible4 7,lbeck1 #adid7 #dg sop's ,fables4 7,ulm1 #adih7 #ec ,,flemi% ,,& ,,dut* ,,s*ools1 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,spiegel ons] ,beh\d5isse4 7,kuil5burg1 #adhc7 #be ,life ( ,*ri/4 7,antw]p1 #adhg7 #ca ,,fr5* ,,s*ool1 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,la ,m] des ,hi/oires4 ,initial4 7,p>is1 #adhh7 #cg ,p>is et ,vi5ne4 7,p>is1 cir4 #adie7 #ea ,,italian ,,s*ool1 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,de ,cl>is ,muli]ibus4 7,f]r>a1 #adig7 #ed ,tuppo's sop4 7,naples1 #adhe7 #ee ,p4 ,cremonese's ,dante4 7,v5ice1 #adia7 #ef ,discov]y ( ! ,indies4 7,flor5ce1 #adic7 #eg ,fior di ,virt4 7,flor5ce1 #adih7 #eh ,/ephanus ,caes5as3 ,expositio ,beati ,hi]onymi 9 ,psalt]ium4 7,v5ice1 #adih7 #ei ,poliphili ,hypn]otoma*ia4 7,v5ice1 #adii7 #fc1 #fe ,ke?am's ,fasciculus ,m$ic94 7,v5ice1 #adic7 #bie ,pomponius ,mela4 7,v5ice1 #adgh7 #big ,,italian ,,s*ool1 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,arti/ ,unkn[n4 ,b]nad9o ,corio4 7,milan1 ,m9uziano1 #aejc7 #fg ,s*ool ( ,bell9i3 ,supplem5tum ,supplem5ti ,*ronic>um1 etc4 7,v5ice1 #aejf7 #fi ,! ,desc5t ( ,m9]va3 f ! ,quatriregio4 7,flor5ce1 #aejh7 #ga ,aulus ,gellius4 7,v5ice1 #aeji7 #gc ,qu9tilian4 7,v5ice1 #aeab7 #ge ,ottaviano dei ,petrucci4 7,fossombrone1 #aeac7 #gg ,ambrosius ,calep9us4 7,tosculano1 #aebj7 #aba ,arti/ unkn[n3 ,portrait title3 ,ludovico ,dolci1 #aefa4 7,v5ice1 ,giolito1 #aefb7 #acc ,,g]man ,,s*ool1 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,albre*t ,dr]3 ,kle9e ,passion4 7,nuremb]g1 #aeab7 #ha1 #hc1 #he ,albre*t ,dr]3 ,plut>*us ,*a]oneus4 7,nuremb]g1 #aeac7 #hg ,albre*t ,dr]3 ,plut>*us ,*a]oneus4 7,nuremb]g1 #aebc7 #hi ,hans ,holbe93 ,dance ( ,dea?4 7,lyons1 #aech7 #ia1 #ib ,hans ,holbe93 ,title-page3 ,gallia4 7,basel1 cir4 #aebd7 #ic ,hans ,holbe93 ,bible ,cuts4 7,lyons1 #aech7 #ie1 #if ,ambrose ,holbe93 ,neues ,te/am5t4 7,basel1 #aebc7 #ig ,hans ,burgmair3 ,d] ,weiss ,knig4 7#aeab-ad7 #ii ,hans ,burgmair3 ,iorn&es de ,rebus ,go?orum4 7,augsburg1 #aeaf7 #aja ,hans ,burgmair3 ,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory4 7,frank=t1 #aehb7 #ajc ,hans ,burgmair3 ,me]fahrt zu viln on]kannt5 ,inseln1 etc4 7,augsburg1 #aeji7 #aje ,hans ,baldung ,grn3 ,hortulus ,anim4 7,/rassburg1 #aeaa7 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj ,hans ,w*tl93 ,title ,page4 7,/rassburg1 #aeac7 #aaa ,hans ,sebald ,beham3 ,das ,pap/?um mit se95 ,gli$]n4 7,nuremb]g1 #aebf7 #aac ,re=mation d] bayris*5 ,l&re*t4 7,muni*1 #aeah7 #aag ,fu*sius3 ,de ,hi/oria ,/irpium4 7,basel1 #aedb7 #abc ,virgil ,solis3 ,bible4 7,frank=t1 #aefc7 #aca ,johann ,otm>3 ,pom]ium de ,tempore4 7,augsburg1 #aejb7 #adg ,,fr5* ,,s*ool1 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,oronce ,f93 ,quadrans ,a/rolabicus4 7,p>is1 #aecd7 #abg ,,mod]n ,,illu/ration4 ,william ,blake3 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce1 #aghi #acg ,william ,blake3 ,phillip's ,pa/oral #aci ,edw>d ,calv]t3 ,orig9al ,woodcuts3 ,! ,lady & ! ,rooks1 ,! ,return ,home1 ,*amb] ,idyll1 ,! ,flood1 ,ideal ,pa/oral ,life1 ,! ,brook1 #ahbg-bi #ada1 #adc ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti3 ,t5nyson's ,poems1 #aheg #aea ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti3 ,e>ly ,italian ,poets1 #ahfa #aec ,alb]t ,moore3 ,milton's ,ode on ! ,nativity1 #ahfg #aee ,h5ry ,holiday3 ,cov] = ,aglaia1 #ahic #aeg ,r&olph ,caldecott3 ,headpiece to ,bracebridge ,hall1 #ahgg #aeh ,kate ,gre5away3 ,title ,page ( ,"m ,goose #aei ,ar?ur ,hughes3 ,at ! ,back ( ! ,nor? ,w9d1 #ahga #afj1 #afa ,ar?ur ,hughes3 ,m]cy 7,good ,words = ! ,"y1 #ahga7 #cjd ,rob]t ,bateman3 ,art 9 ! ,h\se1 #ahgf #afb1 #afc1 #afd1 #afe ,heywood ,sumn]3 ,pe>d's ,/ories = ,*ildr51 #ahif #afg1 #agj ,*>les ,ke5e3 ,a ,good ,fight4 7,once a ,week1 #ahei7 #afi ,l\is ,davis3 ,sleep1 ,baby1 ,sleep 7,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 #ahib7 #aga ,h5ry ,ryl&3 ,=get n yet 7,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 #ahid7 #agc ,fr$]ick ,s&ys3 ,! ,old ,*>ti/ 7,once a ,week1 #ahfa7 #age ,m4 ,j4 ,lawless3 ,dead ,love 7,once a ,week1 #ahfb7 #agg ,walt] ,crane3 ,grimm's ,h\sehold ,/ories1 #ahhb #agi ,walt] ,crane3 ,pr9cess ,fiorimonde1 #ahhj #aha ,walt] ,crane3 ,! ,sir5s ,?ree1 #ahhf #ahc ,selwyn ,image3 ,scotti% ,art ,review1 #ahhi #ahg ,william ,morris & ,walt] ,crane3 ,! ,glitt]+ ,pla91 #ahid #aia1 #bij1 #bia ,c4 ,m4 ,g]e3 ,midsumm] 7,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 #ahic7 #aie ,c4 ,m4 ,g]e3 ,! ,bir? ( ,/4 ,george #aig ,ar?ur ,gask93 ,hans ,&]s51 #ahic #aii ,e4 ,h4 ,new3 ,bridge ,/reet1 ,eve%am #bja ,inigo ,?omas3 ,! ,=mal ,g>d51 #ahib #bjd1 #bje ,h5ry ,payne3 ,a ,book ( ,c>ols1 #ahic #bji ,f4 ,mason3 ,huon ( ,bordeaux1 #ahie #baa ,g]trude1 ,m4 ,bradley3 ,! ,*]ry ,fe/ival1 #bac ,m>y ,newill3 ,porlock #bae ,celia ,levetus3 ,a ,bookplate #bag ,c4 ,s4 ,ricketts3 ,h]o & ,le&]1 #ahid #bai ,c4 ,s4 ,ricketts3 ,daphnis & ,*loe1 #ahic #bbc ,c4 ,h4 ,%annon3 ,daphnis & ,*loe1 #ahic #bbd ,aubrey ,be>dsley3 ,morte d',ar?ur1 #ahic #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg ,edmund ,j4 ,sullivan3 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 #ahih #bbh ,patt5 ,wilson3 ,a ,p5 ,draw+ #bbi ,laur5ce ,h\sman3 ,! ,h\se ( ,joy1 #ahie #bca ,l4 ,fairfax ,muckley3 ,frangilla #bcc ,*>les ,rob9son3 ,a ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]se1 #ahie #bce1 #bcg1 #bci ,j4 ,d4 ,batt53 ,! ,arabian ,nights1 #ahic #bda1 #bdb ,r4 ,ann+ ,bell3 ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream1 #ahie #bdc ,r4 ,ann+ ,bell3 ,beauty & ! ,bea/1 #ahid #bde ,r4 ,sp5ce3 ,a ,p5 ,draw+ #bdg ,a4 ,g>? ,jones3 ,a ,t\rnam5t ( ,love1 #ahid #bdi ,william ,/rang3 ,b>on ,mun*aus51 #ahie #bea1 #bec ,h4 ,granville ,fell3 ,c9d]ella1 #ahid #bed ,john ,duncan3 ,apollo's ,s*ooldays 7,! ,ev]gre51 #ahie7 #bee ,john ,duncan3 ,pipes ( ,arcady 7,! ,ev]gre51 #ahie7 #beg ,rob]t ,burns3 ,! ,pass]-,by 7,! ,ev]gre51 #ahie7 #bei ,m>y ,s>gant ,flor5ce3 ,! ,cry/al ,ball1 #ahid #bfa ,paul ,woodr(fe3 ,ye ,second ,book ( ,nurs]y ,rhymes1 #ahif #bfc ,paul ,woodr(fe3 ,ye ,book ( ,nurs]y ,rhymes1 #ahie #bfe ,m4 ,rijsselb]ghe3 ,dietri*'s ,almanack1 #ahid #bff ,walt] ,crane3 ,sp5s]'s ,fa]ie ,que51 #ahif #bfi1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bhe ,h[>d ,pyle3 ,otto ( ! ,silv] ,h& #bga1 #bgc ,w4 ,h4 ,bradley3 ,cov]s = ,! ,inl& ,pr9t]1 #ahid #bgd ,w4 ,h4 ,bradley3 ,prospectus = ,bradley ,8 ,book1 #ahif #bge ,w4 ,h4 ,bradley3 ,design = ,! ,*ap ,book1 #ahie #bgg ,alan ,wright3 ,headpieces f ,! ,/ory ( ,my ,h\se1 #ahib #cji1 #cda ,! untitl$ tailpieces ?r\gh\t ?is volume are f ,grimm's ,h\sehold ,/ories1 illu/rat$ by ,walt] ,crane4 7,macmillan1 #ahhb47 ,,app5dix ,,( ,,half-,,tone ,,blocks4 ,i4 ,book ( ,kells4 ,iri%1 ,v,ith c5tury4 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 ,,iv4 ,arundel ,psalt]4 ,engli%1 ,x,i,vth c5tury4 7,arundel ,,mss4 #hc ,b4 ,m47 ,v4 ,epi/le ( ,phillipe de ,com9es to ,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,fr5*1 ,x,i,vth c5tury4 7,royal ,,mss4 #bj ,b4 vi4 ,b4 ,m47 ,,vi41 ,,vii4 ,b$=d ,h\rs4 7,,mss4 #ah1 #hej ,b4 ,m47 ,,viii4 ,romance ( ! ,rose4 ,engli%1 late ,x,vth c5tury4 7,ha/4 ,,mss4 #d1 #dbe47 ,,ix4 ,*oir ,book4 ,si5a4 ,italian1 ,x,vth c5tury4 ,x41 ,,xi4 ,hokusai4 ,japanese1 ,x,i,xth c5tury4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,illu/rative ,,& ,,decorative ,,impulse ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,times2 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,p]iod ,,( ,,decoratively ,,illu/rat$ ,,books ,,9 ,,! ,,illum9at$ ,,mss4 ,,( ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,my subject is a l>ge "o1 & t\*es m intimately1 p]haps1 ?an o!r =ms ( art1 bo? human ?\ght & hi/ory1 s t x w\ld be extremely difficult to treat x exhau/ively ^u all its sides4 ,i %all n attempt to deal ) x f ! hi/orical or antiqu>ian po9ts ( view m ?an may be necess>y to elucidate ! arti/ic side1 on :i* ,i propose *iefly to approa* ! "q ( design z appli$ to books--or1 m /rictly1 ! book page--:i* ,i %all hope to illu/rate by reproductions ( *>act]i/ic examples f diff]5t ages & c\ntries4 ,i may1 at lea/1 claim to h be5 occupi$1 9 a practical s5se1 ) ! subject m or less1 z "p ( my "w1 bo? z a decorator & illu/rator ( books1 = ! great] "p ( my life1 & su* conclusions z ,i h arriv$ at are bas$ ^u ! results ( p]sonal ?\ght & exp]i5ce1 if !y are also naturally col\r$ & influ5c$ f ! same s\rces4 ,all =ms ( art are s closely connect$ ) life & ?\ght1 s b\nd up ) human conditions1 habits1 & cu/oms2 s intimately & vividly d !y reflect e phase & *ange ( t unceas+ movem5t--! ebb & fl[ ( human progress amid ! =ces ( nature we call hi/ory--t x is h>dly possible ev5 = ! mo/ c>eless /roll]1 tak+ any ( ! by-pa?s1 n to be l$ ins5sibly to speculate on _! hidd5 s\rces1 & an orig9 p]haps common to !m all4 ,! /ory ( man is fossiliz$ = u1 z x 71 or r pres]v$1 ) all its semblance ( life & col\r1 9 art & books4 ,! procession ( hi/ory rea*+ f> back into ! obscurity ( ! =gott5 or in>ticulate pa/1 is reflect$1 ) all its movem5t1 gold & col\r1 9 ! limpid /ream ( design1 t mirror-l1 pa9ts ea* pass+ phase = u1 & illu/rates ea* act 9 ! drama4 ,9 ! language ( l9e & ( lett]s1 ( symbol & picture1 ea* age writes its own /ory & "*1 z page aft] page is turn$ 9 ! book ( "t4 ,"h & !re ! cont9uity ( ! *apt]s is brok51 a page is miss+1 a passage is obscure2 !re are breaks & fragm5ts--h]oic torsos & limbs in/ead ( :ole figures4 ,b m & m1 by pati5t rese>*1 lab\r1 & comp>ison1 ! voids are be+ fill$ up1 until "s day p]haps !re w be no *asm ( conjecture 9 :i* to plunge1 b ! volume ( art & human hi/ory w be z cle> z p5 & p5cil c make x1 & only left = a pres5t to cont9ue1 & a future to c>ry to a completion :i* is yet nev] complete4 ,sid5ote3 ,,illum9at$ ,,mss4 ,if pa9t+ is ! look+-glass ( nations & p]iods1 pictur$-books may be call$ ! h&-glass :i* /ill m intimately reflects ! life ( diff]5t c5turies & peoples1 9 all _! m9ute & homely detail & qua9t dome/icity1 z well z _! playful fancies1 _! dreams1 & aspirations4 ,:ile ! temples & ! tombs ( anci5t times tell u ( ! pomp & spl5d\r & ambition ( k+s1 & ! /ories ( _! conque/s & tyrannies1 ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ! ,middle ,ages %[ u1 z well z ^!1 ! m intimate life ( ! p1 _! sports & _! je/s1 _! :im & fancy1 _! "w & _! play1 no less ?an ! my/ic & religi\s & c]emonial side ( t life1 :i* 01 inde$1 an insep>able "p ( x2 ! :ole work$ 9 z ) a k9d ( embroid]y ( ! p5 & bru%1 ) ! mo/ exquisite s5se ( decorative beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,leid5 ,,*ri/i4 7,,bamb]g1 ,,albre*t ,,pfi/]1 #adgj47 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 enunciation ( ! philosophy ( evolution1 speaks ( ! book & ! newspap] ly+ on ! table ( ! mod]n citiz5 z connect$ ?r\gh a long desc5t ) ! hi]oglyphic inscriptions ( ! anci5t ,egyptians1 & ! picture-writ+ ( /ill e>li] times4 ,we might g 7:o kn[s h[ mu* fur!r87 back into prehi/oric obscurity to f9d ! fir/ illu/rator1 pure & simple1 9 ! hunt] ( ! cave1 :o record$ ! incid5ts ( 8 sport+ life on ! bones ( 8 victims4 ,we "k t ! lett]s ( our alphabet 7 once pictures1 symbols1 or ab/ract signs ( entities & actions1 & grew m & m ab/ract until !y became arbitr>y m>ks--! famili> *>act]s t we "k4 ,lett]s =m$ into words2 words increas$ & multipli$ ) ideas & _! int]*ange2 ideas & words gr[+ m & m ab/ract until ! po9t is rea*$ :5 ! jad$ intellect w\ld fa9 return aga9 to picture-writ+1 & welcomes ! decorator & ! illu/rator to relieve ! des]t wa/es ( words m>%all$ 9 int]m9able columns on ! pr9t$ page4 ,9 a j\rney ?r\gh a book x is pleasant to rea* ! oasis ( a picture or an ornam5t1 to sit a:ile "u ! palms1 to let our ?\ghts unburd5$ /ray1 to dr9k ( o!r intellectual wat]s1 & to see ! ideas we h be5 pursu+1 p]*ance1 reflect$ 9 !m4 ,?us we end z we beg91 ) images4 ,temples & tombs h be5 man's bigge/ books1 b ) ! developm5t ( individual life 7z well z religi\s ritual1 & ! necessity ( records17 he felt ! ne$ ( some?+ m famili>1 companionable1 & portable1 & hav+1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 inv5t$ ! /ylus1 & ! p51 & tri$ 8 h& ^u papyrus1 palm leaf1 & p>*m5t1 he wrote 8 records or 8 ?\ghts1 & pictur$ or symboliz$ !m1 at fir/ ^u scrolls & rolls & tablets1 or1 lat]1 en%r9$ !m 9 b\nd books1 ) all ! beauty t ! art ( writ+ c\ld comm&1 enri*$ & emphasiz$ ) ! pictorial & ornam5tal comm5t>y 9 col\rs & gold4 ,z already indicat$1 x is my purpose to deal ) ! arti/ic aspects ( ! book page1 & !re=e we are n n[ conc]n$ ) ! v>i\s =ms ( ! book itself1 z su*1 or ) ! treatm5t ( its ext]ior case1 cov]1 or b9d+4 ,x is ! op5 book ,i wi% to dwell on--! page itself z a field = ! design] & illu/rator--a space to be made beautiful 9 design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,f ,,boccaccio1 ,,de ,,cl>is ,,muli]ibus4 7,,ulm1 ,,johann ,,za9]1 #adgc47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,two ,,great ,,divisions4 ,bo? decorat$ & illu/rat$ books may be divid$ broadly into two great p]iods3 ,i4 ,! ,,ms41 or p]iod be=e pr9t+4 ,,ii4 ,! p]iod ( pr9t$ books4 ,bo? illu/rate1 h[ev]1 a long c\rse ( evolution1 & conta9 9 !mselves1 x might be said1 a comp5dium--or cond5sation--( ! hi/ory ( contempor>y art 9 its v>i\s =ms ( developm5t4 ,! fir/ impulse 9 art seems to answ] to ! primitive imitative impulse 9 *ildr5--! desire to embody ! famili> =ms ab\t !m--to *>act]ize !m 9 l9e & col\r4 ,! sali5t po9ts ( an animal1 = in/ance1 be+ fir/ emphasiz$--z 9 ! bone scrat*+s ( ! cave m5--s t *ildr5's draw+s & draw+s ( primitive peoples pres5t a c]ta9 family lik5ess1 all[+ = diff]5ce ( environm5t4 ,!y are ab/ract1 & (t5 almo/ symbolic 9 _! *>act]ization ( =m1 & x is n difficult to imag9e h[ lett]s & writt5 language became naturally evolv$ ?r\gh a sy/em ( hi]oglyphics1 />t+ f ! unsy/emiz$ b irrepressible t5d5cy ( ! human to record 8 l9e> ideas ( rhy?m on ! "o h&1 or 8 impressions ( nature on ! o!r4 ,x w\ld seem t ! illu/rator or picture writ] came fir/ 9 ! ord] ( ?+s1 & ! book aft]w>ds--l ! sy/em we h he>d ( "u mod]n editors ( magaz9es1 ( ! picture be+ done fir/ & !n writt5 up to1 or d[n to1 by ! au?or4 ,side by side ) ! evolution ( lett]s & calligraphic art w5t on ! evolution ( ! graphic p[] & ! arti/ic s5se1 develop+ on ! "o h& t[>ds close imitation ( nature & dramatic incid5t1 & on ! o!r t[>ds imag9ative beauty1 & sy/ematic1 organic ornam5t1 m or less built ^u a geometric basis1 b ultimately bur/+ into a free foliation & flamboyant blossom1 ak9 9 inv5tive ri*ness & v>iety to a gr[? ( nature h]self4 ,! developm5t ( ^! two ma9 directions ( arti/ic en]gy may be foll[$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w ( art1 con/antly /ruggl+1 z x 71 = ! asc5dancy1 n[ "o & n[ ! o!r be+ p>am\nt2 b ! hi/ory ( _! c\rse1 & ! effect ( _! v>y+ influ5ces is p>ticul>ly m>k$ 9 ! decoration & illu/ration ( books4 ,al?\gh z a rule ! decorative s5se 0 dom9ant ?r\gh\t ! illum9at$ books ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! illu/rator1 9 ! =m ( ! m9iaturi/1 is 9 evid5ce1 & 9 "s1 especially 9 ! lat] ,,mss41 f9ally conqu]s1 or r absorbs1 ! decorator4 ,!re is a ,,ms4 9 ! ,eg]ton collection 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,no4 #idc71 ,! ,div9a ,comm$ia ( ,dante1 ) m9iatures by ,italian arti/s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :i* may be tak5 z an e>ly in/ance ( ! asc5dancy ( ! illu/rator1 ! m9iatures be+ plac$ some:at abruptly on ! page1 & ) unusually little framework or associat$ ornam5t2 & al?\gh m or less decorative 9 ! effect ( _! simple design1 & frank & full col\r1 ! ma9 object ( _! arti/s 0 to illu/rate r ?an to decorate ! text4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,f ,,boccaccio1 ,,de ,,cl>is ,,muli]ibus4 7,,ulm1 ,,johann ,,za9]1 #adgc47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,kells4 ,! ,celtic g5ius1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 & z repres5t+ ! art ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,we/]n civilization--exemplifi$ 9 ! rem>kable designs 9 ! ,book ( ,kells--01 on ! o!r h&1 /rictly ornam5tal 9 its manife/ations1 sugge/+ 9 its ri*ness1 & 9 ! intricacy & +5uity ( its involv$ patt]ns1 z well z ! geometric =ms ( _m ( its units1 a relation to c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( ,ea/]n z well z primitive ,greek art4 ,! ,book ( ,kells d]ives its "n f ! ,columban ,mona/]y ( ,kells or ,k5lis1 orig9ally ,c5nanas1 a place ( anci5t importance 9 ! c\nty ( ,mea?1 ,irel&1 & x is suppos$ to h be5 ! ,great ,gospel br\ght to ! ,*ri/ian settlem5t by its f\nd]1 ,/4 ,columba1 & p]haps writt5 by t sa9t1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #eig4 ,! orig9al volume is 9 ! libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,9 "o ( ! pages ( ?is book is repres5t$ ! ,greek monogram ( ,*ri/1 & ! :ole page is devot$ to ?ree words1 ,*ri/i ,autem ,g5]atio4 ,x is a rem>kable in/ance ( an ornam5tal initial spread+ ov] an entire page4 ,! effect ( ! :ole z a decoration is p]haps :at might be call$ heavy1 b x is full ( m>vell\s detail & ri*ness1 & highly *>act]i/ic ( ,celtic =ms ( ornam5tal design 7see ,no4 #a1 ,app5dix74 ,! "w ( ! scribe1 z %[n 9 ! =m ( ! ord9>y lett]s ( ! text1 is v f9e4 ,!y are v firm & /rong 9 "*1 to balance ! closely knit & firmly built ornam5tation ( ! initial lett]s & o!r ornam5ts ( ! pages4 ,we feel t !y h a dignity1 a di/9ction1 & a "* all _! own4 ,!re is a page 9 ! same book :]e ! symbols ( ! evangeli/s are inclos$ 9 circles1 & panell$ 9 a solid fram+ occupy+ ! :ole page1 :i* sugge/s ,byzant9e feel+ 9 design4 ,! full pages 9 ! e>li] illum9at$ ,,mss4 7 (t5 panell$ out 9 f\r or m comp>tm5ts to hold figures ( sa9ts1 or emblems1 & 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies su* panels g5]ally _h small patt]n$ diap]$ backgr\nds1 on d>k blue1 r$1 gre51 or burni%$ gold4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,,mss4 %[ traces ( ! influ5ce ( ! traditions ( ,classic art drawn ?r\gh ! ,byzant9e1 or f ! ,roman s\rces1 :i* naturally affect$ ! e>lie/ =ms ( ,*ri/ian art z we see its relics 9 ! catacombs4 ,^! classical traditions are especially noticeable 9 ! treatm5t ( ! drap]ies cl++ 9 l9e> & elliptical folds to express ! limbs4 ,9 fact1 x might be said t1 spread we/w>d & nor?w>d by ! ,*ri/ian colonies1 ?is classical tradition 9 figure design l+]$ on1 until its r5ewal at ! dawn ( ! ,r5aissance itself1 & ! resurrection ( classical art 9 ,italy1 :i*1 unit+ ) a new naturalism1 grew to t wond]ful developm5t :i* has affect$ ! art ( ,europe ev] s9ce4 ,! ,*>t] ( ,f\ndation ( ,newm9/]1 at ,w9*e/]1 by ,k+ ,edg>1 ,a4,d4 #iff1 writt5 9 gold1 is ano!r v spl5did e>ly example ( book decoration4 ,x has a full-page m9iature ( ! panell$ type above m5tion$1 & elaborate bord] 9 gold & col\rs by an ,engli% arti/4 ,x is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & may be se5 op5 9 ,case #b 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,ms4 ,! ,gospels1 9 ,lat94 ,a ,,ms4 ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ) initials & bord]s 9 gold & col\rs1 by ,engli% arti/s1 is ano!r f9e specim5 ( ! e>ly k9d4 ,"h ! titles ( ea* gospel1 boldly inscrib$1 are inclos$ 9 a massively design$ bord]1 mak+ a s]ies ( full title pages ( a dignifi$ type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,bu* ,,von ,,d5 ,,sieb5 ,,tods,,nd5 ,,und ,,d5 ,,sieb5 ,,tug5d54 7,,augsburg1 ,b,,ml]1 #adgd47 ,z examples ( illu/rat$ books1 accord+ to ! e>li] ,m$ival ideas1 we may look at twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury ,h]bals1 :]e9 diff]5t plants1 v full & frank 9 col\r & =mal 9 design1 are figur$ /rictly ) a view to ! ornam5tation ( ! page4 ,!re is a v f9e "o1 describ$ z writt5 9 ,engl& 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,decoration & illu/ration are "h "o & ! same4 ,a magnific5t specim5 ( book decoration ( ! mo/ spl5did k9d is ! ,arundel ,psalt] 7,arundel ,,ms4 #hc1 ,brit4 ,mus471 giv5 by ,rob]t de ,lyle to 8 daught] ,audry1 z an inscription 9 ! volume tells u1 9 #acci4 ,"h scribe1 illum9ator1 & m9iaturi/ are all at _! be/1 :e!r "o & ! same or diff]5t p]sons4 ,x is1 moreov]1 ,engli% "w4 ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ! beauty ( ! designs1 & ! v>iety & ri*ness ( ! decorative effect4 ,l all ! ,psalt]s1 ! book comm5ces ) a cal5d>1 & full pages foll[1 panell$ out & fill$ 9 ) subjects f ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,a p>ticul>ly spl5did full-page is t ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild "u a ,go?ic canopy1 ) gold diap]$ backgr\nd4 ,!re are also v int]e/+ly design$ g5ealogical trees1 & f9e arrangem5ts ( d\ble column$ text-pages ) illum9at$ ornam5t 7see ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d1 ,app5dix74 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,speculum ,,human ,,vit4 7,,augsburg1 ,g,,n!r ,,za9]1 circa #adge47 7,size ( orig9al1 #f-e_/h 94 #aj-e_/af 947 ,sid5ote3 ,,xiii? ,,& ,,xiv? ,,c5tury ,,mss4 ,! ,t5ison ,psalt] 7,addit4 ,,ms4 #bdfhf7 is a specim5 ( ,engli% ?irte5? c5tury "w4 ,probably execut$ = ,alphonso1 son ( ,edmund ,i41 on 8 contemplat$ m>riage ) ,m>g>et daught] ( ,flor5tius1 ,c\nt ( ,holl&1 :i* 0 fru/rat$ by ! pr9ce's dea? on #a/ ,augu/1 #abbd4 ,! full-page m9iatures arrang$ 9 panels--9 "s in/ances f\r on a page1 ) alt]nate burni%$ gold & d>k blue diap]$ backgr\nds beh9d ! figures1 & 9 o!rs six on a page1 ! m9iature mu* small]1 & set 9 a l>g] m>g9 ( col\r1 alt]nate r$ & blue--are v full1 solid1 & ri* 9 col\r ) burni%$ gold4 ,! book is fur!r int]e/+1 z giv+ excell5t & *>act]i/ic in/ances ( ano!r & v diff]5t treatm5t ( ! page 7& "o :i* appe>s to h be5 r peculi>ly ,engli% 9 /yle71 9 ! sp9y scrolls :i*1 (t5 spr++ f a l>ge illum9at$ initial lett] ^u ! field ( ! text1 spreads ^u & d[n ! m>g91 or above & bel[1 (t5 hold+ 9 its bran*+ curves figures & animals1 :i* 9 ?is ,,ms4 are beautifully & f9ely drawn4 ,note ! "o %[+ a lady ( ! "t 9 pursuit ( "s de]4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury books ! text is a solid t[] or column1 f :i* excursions c be made by ! fancy & inv5tion ( ! design]1 up & d[n & above & b5ea?1 ^u ! ample vellum m>g9s2 9 "s cases1 inde$1 additional devices appe> to h be5 add$ by o!r & lat] h&s ?an ^? ( ! orig9al scribe or illum9ator4 ,!re is a v rem>kable ,apocalypse 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,,mss4 #agcec2 =m]ly belong+ to ! ,c>?usian h\se ( ,vau ,dieu betwe5 ,lige & ,aix7 by ,fr5* arti/s ( ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 :i* has a s]ies ( v f9e imag9ative & weird designs 7sugge/ive ( ,orcagna71 highly decorative 9 treatm5t1 v full & frank 9 col\r1 & firm 9 outl9e4 ,! designs are 9 oblong panels1 inclos$ 9 l9e> col\r$ bord]s at ! head ( ea* page1 & occupy+ ab\t two-?irds ( x1 ! text be+ writt5 9 d\ble columns b5ea? ea* m9iature1 ) small illum9at$ initials4 ,! backgr\nds ( ! designs are diap]$ on gr\nds ( d>k gre5 & r$ alt]nately4 ,! imag9ative =ce & expression convey$ by ^! designs--/rictly =mal & figurative1 & controll$ by ! ornam5tal traditions ( ! "t--is v rem>kable4 ,! illu/rator & decorator are "h /ill "o4 ,que5 ,m>y's ,psalt] 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,,ms4 ,royal #b1 ,b4 ,,vii471 aga91 is int]e/+ z giv+ in/ances ( a v diff]5t & light] treatm5t ( figure designs4 ,we f9d 9 ?is ,,ms41 toge!r ) illum9ations 9 full col\rs & burni%$ gold1 a s]ies ( pale t9t$ illu/rations 9 ,bible hi/ory drawn ) a delicate p5 l9e4 ,! me?od ( ! illum9ators & m9iaturi/s seems always to h be5 to draw _! figures & ornam5ts cle>ly out fir/ ) a p5 be=e col\r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,bible1 ,,he9ri* ,,qu5tel4 7,,cologne1 #adhj47 ,9 ! full-col\r$ m9iatures ! p5 l9es are n visible1 b 9 ?is ,,ms4 !y are pres]v$ ) ! delicate t9t$ treatm5t4 ,! designs ,i speak ( are plac$ two on a page1 occupy+ x entirely4 ,!y are inclos$ 9 v]milion bord]s1 t]m9at$ at ea* corn] ) a leaf4 ,!re is a v di/9ct & graceful feel+ ab\t ! designs4 ,! same h& appe>s to h add$ on ! l[] m>g9s ( ! succe$+ text pages a s]ies ( qua9t figures--combats ( grotesque animals1 hunt+1 hawk+1 & fi%+ sc5es1 & games & sports1 &1 f9ally1 ,biblical subjects4 ,"h1 aga91 ,i ?9k we may detect 9 ! e>ly illu/rators a t5d5cy to escape f ! limitations ( ! book page1 ?\gh only a t5d5cy4 ,a f9e ornam5tal page comb9+ illum9ation ) m9iature is giv5 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,philippe de ,com9es to ,ri*>d ,,ii4 at ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! figures1 int]e/+ hi/orically & z examples ( co/ume1 are reliev$ ^u a diap]$ gr\nd4 ,! text is 9 d\ble columns1 ) squ>e initials1 & ! page is light5$ by op5 foliation bran*+ out ^u ! m>g9 f ! /raight sp9ey bord] /rips1 :i* on ! inn] side t]m9ate 9 a dragon4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,b$=d ,,book ,,( ,,h\rs4 ,z a specim5 ( e>ly fifte5? c5tury "w1 bo? = illum9ator1 scribe1 & m9iaturi/1 x w\ld be difficult to f9d a m exquisite book ?an ! ,b$=d ,h\rs 7,brit4 ,mus4 ,,ms4 ,add4 #ahhej71 dat$ #adbb1 said to be ! "w ( ,fr5* arti/s1 ?\gh produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! kal5d>1 :i* occupies ! e>li] pages1 is rem>kable = its small & v brilliant & purely col\r$ m9iatures set l gems 9 a v f9e1 delicate1 light1 op51 leafy bord]1 bright ) burni%$ gold trefoil leaves1 :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ,fr5* illum9at$ books ( ?is p]iod 7see ,nos4 #e & #f1 ,app5dix74 ,!re is an elaborate full-page m9iature conta9+ ! ,creation & ,fall1 :i* breaks ov] ! m>g9 "h & !re4 ,! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5tury m9iaturi/s frequ5tly all[$ _! designs to break ov] ! framework ( _! diap]$ gr\nds or panels 9 an effective way1 :i* pleasantly v>i$ ! =mality ( fram$-9 subjects ^u ! page1 especially :]e a flat m>g9 ( col\r betwe5 l9es inclos$ !m2 & "s p>ts ( ! gr\ps broke ov] ! inn] l9e :ile keep+ )9 ! limits ( ! out] "o4 ,v frequ5tly1 z 9 ?is ,,ms41 a g5]al plan is foll[$ ?r\gh\t 9 ! spac+ ( ! pages1 ?\gh ! bord]s & m9iatures 9 detail %[ almo/ endless v>iation4 ,9 su* spl5did works z ?is we get ! complete & h>moni\s co-op]ation & union betwe5 ! illu/rator & ! decorator4 ,! object ( ea* is prim>ily to beautify 8 page4 ,! illum9ator makes 8 bord]s & initial lett]s bran* & bud1 & put =? leaves & fl[]s spread+ luxuriantly up & d[n ! m>g9 ( 8 vellum pages 7beautiful ev5 z ! scribe left !m7 l a liv+ gr[?2 :ile ! m9iaturi/ makes ! lett] itself ! %r9e ( "s delicate sa9t1 or a vision ( "s act ( m]cy or m>tyrdom2 :ile ! c>eless _w plays hide & seek ?r\gh ! labyr9?9e bord]s1 z ! seasons foll[ ea* o!r ?r\gh ! kal5d>1 & ! peasant pl\ghs1 & s[s1 & reaps1 & ?re%es out ! corn1 :ile gay knights t\rney 9 ! li/s1 or1 ) ladies 9 _! qua9t attire1 foll[ ! spott$ de] ?r\gh ! gre5wood4 ,sid5ote3 ,,m]ry ,,engl&4 ,9 ^! beautiful liturgical books ( ! ,middle ,ages1 z we see1 ! ornam5tal feel+ develop$ ) & comb9$ ! illu/rative function1 s t almo/ any illum9at$ ,psalt] or ,book ( ,h\rs w furni% n only lovely examples ( floral decoration 9 bord]s & initials ( endless f]tility ( inv5tion1 b also give u pictures ( ! life & mann]s ( ! times4 ,9 ^? ( our own c\ntry we c realize h[ full ( col\r1 qua9t co/ume1 & v>iety 0 life :5 ,engl& 0 inde$ m]ry1 9 spite ( family feuds & tyrann\s lords & k+s2 be=e h] indu/rial trans=mation & ! dispossession ( h] p2 ere ,bo>ds ( ,works & ,poor-law ,gu>dians took ! place ( h] mona/]ies & abbeys2 be=e h] /reams 7 f\l$ ) sewage1 & h] cities black5$ ) coal smoke--! smoke ( ! burn+ sacrific$ to comm]cial competition & :olesale production = pr(it by means ( ma*9e p[] & ma*9e lab\r2 be=e %e became ! work%op & eng9e-room ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dut* ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,spiegel ,,ons] ,,beh\d5isse1 ,,kuil5burg4 7,,jan ,,veld5]1 #adhc47 ,^! books gl[+ ) gold & col\r tell ( days :5 "t 0 no object1 & ! pi\s arti/ & scribe c\ld "w quietly & lov+ly to make a ?+ ( beauty ) no fe> ( a publi%] or a pr9t] be=e 8 eyes1 or ! dem&s ( _w m>ket4 ,9 ! mid/ ( our self-congratulation on ! enorm\s increase ( our res\rces = ! rapid & *eap production ( books1 & ! p[] ( ! pr9t+ press1 we %\ld d well n to =get t if books ( ^? b5ight$ c5turies ( :i* ,i h be5 speak+ 7 few1 comp>atively1 !y 7 fit1 ?\gh few--!y 7 ?+s ( beauty & joys = ev] to _! possessors4 ,a pray]-book 0 n only a pray]-book1 b a picture-book1 a %r9e1 a little mirror ( ! _w1 a sanctu>y 9 a g>d5 ( fl[]s4 ,"o c well und]/& _! preci\sness ap>t f _! religi\s use1 & _m h se5 /range ev5tful hi/ories no d\bt4 ,! ,e>l ( ,%rewsbury lo/ 8 pray]-book 7! ,talbot pray]-book7 & 8 life toge!r on ! battle-field at ,ca/illon 7ab\t ?irty miles f ,bordeaux7 9 #adec4 ,?is book1 z ,mr4 ,qu>it* /ates1 0 c>ri$ away by a ,breton soldi]1 & 0 only re-discov]$ 9 ,brittany a few ye>s ago4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,deuts*e ,,ueb]setzung ,,des ,,eunu*us ,,des ,,t]5tius4 7,,ulm1 ,,d9ckmut1 #adhf47 ,sid5ote3 ,,missals4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! l>ge col\r$ & illum9at$ initial lett]s 9 liturgical books _h _! orig9 z guides 9 tak+ up ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! s]vice2 &1 z ,i le>n f ,mr4 ,mickle?waite1 9 "s ( ! ,missals1 :]e ! crucifixion is pa9t$ 9 an illum9at$ lett]1 a simple cross is plac$ bel[ = ! vot>y to kiss in/ead ( ! picture1 z x 0 f\nd 9 practice1 :5 only ! picture 0 !re1 ! t5d5cy 0 to oblit]ate x by ! recurr5ce ( ?is =m ( devotion4 ,z an example ( ! influ5ce ( naturalism :i* _h begun to make itself felt 9 art t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 we may cite ,! ,romance ( ! ,rose 7,h>l4 ,,mss4 #ddbe71 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* has two f9e full-page m9iatures ) elaborate bord]+s1 full ( detail & col\r1 & :i* are also illu/rative ( co/ume 7see ,no4 #h1 ,app5dix74 ,! text pages %[ ! effect ( d\ble columns ) small highly-f9i%$ m9iatures 7occupy+ ! wid? ( "o column7 int]sp]s$4 ,! /yle ( "w is ak9 to t ( ! celebrat$ ,grimani ,brevi>y1 n[ 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice1 ! m9iatures ( :i* are said to h be5 pa9t$ by ,meml+4 ,!y are wond]fully ri* 9 detail1 & f9e 9 workman%ip1 & are q 9 ! mann] ( ! ,flemi% pictures ( t p]iod4 ,we feel t ! pictorial & illu/rative p[] is ga9+ ! asc5dancy1 & 9 its bord]s ( highly wr\ght leaves1 fl[]s1 fruit1 & insects1 giv5 9 full relief ) _! ca/ %ad[s--wond]ful z !y are 9 !mselves z pieces ( "w--x is evid5t to me1 at lea/1 t :atev] graphic /r5g? & ri*ness ( *i>oscuro is ga9$ x is at ! di/9ct co/ ( ! beauty ( pure decorative effect ^u ! page4 ,aft] ! delicate arabesques ( ! e>li] "t1 ^! bord]s look a little heavy1 & h[ev] great _! pictorial or imitative m]its1 !y fail to satisfy ! conditions ( a page decoration s satisfactorily4 ,p]haps ! mo/ sumptu\s examples ( book decoration ( ?is p]iod are to be f\nd 9 ,italy1 9 ! celebrat$ ,*oir ,books 9 ! ca!dral ( ,si5a4 ,!y %[ a r>e union ( imag9ative =m1 pictorial skill1 & decorative s5se 9 ! m9iaturi/1 unit$ ) all ! ,italian ri*ness & grace 9 ! treatm5t ( e>ly ,r5aissance ornam5t1 & 9 its adaptation to ! decoration ( ! book page 7see ,no4 #i1 ,app5dix74 ,^! m9iatures are ! "w ( ,girolamo da ,cremona1 & ,lib]ale da ,v]ona4 ,at lea/1 ^! two are describ$ z ! mo/ copi\s & indefatigable ( ! arti/s employ$ on ! ,corali4 ,paym5ts 7 made to !m = ! "w 9 #adfh1 & aga9 9 #adgb-c1 :i* fixes ! date4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flemi% ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4 7,,antw]p1 ,,gh]a]t ,,leeu1 #adhg47 7,orig9al1 #g-c_/h 94 #e-a_/h 947 ,sid5ote3 ,,illum9at$ ,,mss4 ,i am n ignor+ ! possibility ( a c]ta9 division ( lab\r 9 ! illum9at$ ,,ms4 ,! "w ( ! scribe1 ! illum9ator1 & ! m9iaturi/ are di/9ct en\gh1 :ile equally important to ! result4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,bradley1 :o has compil$ a ,diction>y ( ,m9iaturi/s1 speak+ ( calligraph]1 illum9ator1 & m9iaturi/1 says3--,ea* ( ^! occupations is at times conjo9$ ) ei!r or bo? ( ! o!rs1 & :5 t is s1 9 giv+ ! craftsman 8 title1 he decides by ! p]iod ( 8 "w4 ,= in/ance1 f ! sev5? to ! t5? c5turies he w\ld call him calligraph]2 elev5? to fifte5? c5turies1 illum9ator2 fifte5? to sixte5? c5turies1 m9iaturi/4 ,transcription he puts 9 ano!r category z ! "w ( ! copyi/ scribe4 ,b :atev] division ( lab\r !re may or may n h be51 !re 0 no division 9 ! h>mony & unity ( ! effect4 ,if 9 "s cases ! m purely ornam5tal p>ts1 su* z ! floral bord]s & initials1 7 ! "w ( "o arti/1 ! text ( ano!r1 & ! m9iatures ( ano!r1 all ,i c say is1 t ea* work$ toge!r z bre?r5 9 unity1 contribut+ to ! beauty ( a h>moni\s & organic :ole2 & if su* division ( lab\r c be asc]ta9$ to h be5 a fact1 x goes to prove ! importance ( "s co-op]ation 9 a "w ( art1 & its magnific5t possibilities4 ,! illum9at$ ,,ms4 books h ?is great di/9ction & advantage 9 respect ( h>mony ( text & decoration1 ! text ( ! calligraph] always h>moniz+ ) ! designs ( ! illum9ator1 x be+ 9 l mann] all ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages a ?+ ( gr[? & developm5t1 acquir+ new *>act]i/ics & und]go+ processes ( trans=mation less obvi\s p]haps1 b n less actual1 ?an ! *anges 9 ! /yle & *>act]s ( ! devices & inv5tions :i* accompani$ x4 ,! m]e fact t e "p ( ! "w 0 due to ! h&1 t manual skill & dext]ity alone has produc$ ! :ole1 gives a di/9ction & a "* to ^! ,,ms4 books :i* no press c\ld possibly rival4 ,! difficulty :i* besets ! mod]n book decorator1 illu/rator1 or design] ( pr9t]s' ornam5ts1 ( gett+ type :i* w h>monize prop]ly ) 8 designs1 did n exi/ ) ! m$ival illum9ator1 :o mu/ always h be5 sure ( balanc+ 8 designs by a body ( text n only beautiful 9 ! =m ( its individual lett]s1 b beautiful & ri* 9 ! effect ( its mass on ! page1 :i* 0 only enhanc$ :5 ! initials 7 reliev$ ) col\r on gold1 or beautiful p5 "w :i* grew out ( !m l ! mi/letoe f ! solid oak /em4 ,! v pit* ( p]fection :i* p5man%ip1 or ! art ( ! calligraph] _h rea*$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! calculat$ regul>ity & purgation ( sup]fluities 9 ! =m ( ! lett]s1 ! squ>5ess ( _! mass 9 ! words1 & approximation 9 l5g? & height1 seem to sugge/ & naturally lead up to ! idea ( ! movable type & ! pr9t$ page4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 turn+ ! next page ( our subject1 let u take "o m g5]al & rapid glance at ! ,,ms4 books f ! po9t ( view ( design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,*ronica ,,hung>i4 7,,augsburg1 ,,ratdolt1 #adhh47 ,:ile examples ( ! two fields into :i* art may be said to be always m or less divid$--! imitative & ! inv5tive1 or ! illu/rative & ! decorative--are n altoge!r abs5t 9 ! books ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! ma9 t5d5cy & prevail+ _s is decid$ly on ! inv5tive & decorative side1 m especially 9 ! "w ( ! illum9ators f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? c5turies1 & yet ?is inv5tive & decorative _s is (t5 alli$ ) a dramatic & poetic feel+1 z well z a s5se ( hum\r4 ,we see h[ full ( life is ! ornam5t ( ! illum9ator1 h[ figures1 birds1 animals1 & insects fill 8 arabesques1 h[ he is (t5 decorator1 illu/rator1 & pictorial comm5tator 9 "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,initial ,,f ,,la ,,m] ,,des ,,hi/oires4 7,,p>is1 ,,pi]re ,,le ,,r\ge1 #adhh47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,beautiful ,,page4 ,ev5 ap>t f 8 enri*m5ts1 x is evid5t t ! page 0 reg>d$ by ! calligraph] z a space to be decorat$--t x %\ld at lea/1 reg>d$ solely z a page ( text1 be a page ( beautiful writ+1 ! mass c>efully plac$ ^u ! vellum1 s z to af=d conv5i5t & ample m>g91 especially b5ea?4 ,! page ( a book1 9 fact1 may be reg>d$ z a flat panel :i* may be v>i\sly spac$ out4 ,! calligraph]1 ! illum9ator1 & ! m9iaturi/ are ! ar*itects :o plann$ out _! vellum gr\nds & built beautiful /ructures ( l9e & col\r ^u !m = ?\ght & fancy to dwell 94 ,sometimes ! text is arrang$ 9 a s+le column1 z g5]ally 9 ! e>li] ,,mss42 sometimes 9 d\ble1 z g5]ally 9 ! ,go?ic & lat] ,,mss41 & ^! squ>e & oblong panels ( close text are reliev$ by l>ge & small initial lett]s sp>kl+ 9 gold & col\r1 inclos$ 9 _! own framework1 or escap+ f x 9 free & v>i$ bran* "w & foliation ^u ! m>g91 & set ) m9iatures l gems1 z 9 ! ,b$=d ,h\rs1 ! l>g] initials increas+ to su* proportions z to inclose a m important m9iature--a subject-picture 9 %ort--a book illu/ration 9 ! fulle/ s5se1 yet /rictly a "p ( a g5]al s*eme ( ! ornam5tation ( ! page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,hortus ,,sanitatis4 7,,ma9z1 ,,jacob ,,meid5ba*1 #adia47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,m9iaturi/s4 ,floral bord]s1 :i* 9 "s in/ances spread freely ar\nd ! text & fill ! m>g9s1 unconf9$ ?\gh n un9flu5c$ by rectangul> l9es or limits f a light & op51 yet ri* & delicate trac]y ( leaves & fanciful blossoms 7z 9 ! ,b$=d ,h\rs72 are 9 o!rs fram$ 9 ) firm l9es 7,t5ison ,psalt]1 p4 #aa72 & 9 lat] fifte5? c5tury ,,mss4 ) gold l9es & m\ld+s1 z ! treatm5t ( ! page becomes m pictorial & solid 9 col\r & relief4 ,sometimes ! bord]s =m a di/9ct framework1 inclos+ ! text & divid+ its columns1 z 9 ,! ,book ( ,h\rs ( ,r5 ( ,anj\ 7,eg]ton ,,ms4 #ajgj71 & ! same design is sometimes repeat$ diff]5tly col\r$4 ,gradually ! m9iaturi/--! picture pa9t]--al?\gh at fir/ almo/ z =mally decorative z ! illum9ator--ass]ts 8 indep5d5ce1 & influ5ces ! treatm5t ( ! bord]1 :i* becomes a m9iature also1 z 9 ! ,grimani ,brevi>y1 ! ,romance ( ! ,rose1 & ! ,*oir ,books ( ,si5a1 until at la/ ! m9iature or ! picture is 9 dang] ( be+ m ?\ght ( ?an ! book1 & we get books ( fram$ pictures in/ead ( pictur$ or decorat$ books4 ,9 ! ,grimani ,brevi>y ! m9iature frequ5tly occupies ! :ole page ) a s+le subject-picture2 or ! m9iature is sup]impos$ ^u a pictur$ bord]1 :i*1 /r5g!n$ by rigid ar*itectural l9es & tab]nacle "w1 =m a ri* frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,*ronek5 ,,d] ,,sass54 7,,ma9z1 ,,s*,,ff]1 #adib47 ,all ^! v>ieties we h be5 exam9+ are1 h[ev]1 int]e/+ & beautiful 9 _! own way 9 _! results4 ,9 consid]+ any =m ( art ( a p]iod :i* %[s active traditions1 real life & movem5t1 natural gr[? & developm5t1 we are fasc9at$ by its organic quality1 & ?\gh we may detect ! absorption or adaptation ( new elem5ts & new influ5ces f "t to "t lead+ to *anges ( /yle & /ructure ( design1 z well z *ang$ temp] & feel+1 z long z ?is natural evolution cont9ues1 ea* v>iety has its own *>m & its own comp5sations2 :ile we may h our pref]5ces z to :i* approa*es mo/ ne>ly to ! ideal ( p]fect adaptability1 &1 !re=e1 ( decorative beauty4 ,9 ! progressive unfold+ :i* *>act]izes a liv+ /yle1 all its /ages mu/ be int]e/+ & possess _! own significance1 s9ce all fall into _! places 9 ! great & gold5 record ( ! hi/ory ( art itself4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,transition1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,p]iod ,,( ,,decoratively ,,illu/rat$ ,,books1 ,,f ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,9 ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,onw>ds4 ,we h se5 to :at a pit* ( p]fection & magnific5ce ! decoration & illu/ration ( books atta9$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! spl5did results to :i* art 9 ! ?ree di/9ct =ms--calligraphy1 illum9ation1 & m9iature--contribut$4 ,we h trac$ a gradual progression & evolution ( /yle ?r\gh ! p]iod ( ,,ms4 books1 bo? 9 ! developm5t ( writ+ & ornam5t4 ,we h not$ h[ ! =m] became m & m regul> & compact 9 its mass on ! page1 & h[ 9 ! latt] ! illu/rative or pictorial size grew m & m important1 until at ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury we _h l>ge & elaborately drawn & naturali/ic pictures fram$ 9 ! initial lett]s1 z 9 ! ,*oir ,books ( ,si5a1 or occupy+ ! :ole page ) a s+le subject1 z 9 ! ,grimani ,brevi>y4 ,! tree ( design1 spr++ f small & obscure g]ms1 s5ds up a /rong /em1 bran*es & buds 9 ! fav\rable sun1 & f9ally breaks into a beautiful free effloresc5ce & fruitage4 ,!n we m>k a fre% *ange4 ,! autumn comes aft] ! summ]tide1 w9t] foll[s autumn1 till ! new life1 ev] ready to spr+ f ! husk ( ! old1 puts =? its leaves1 until by almo/ imp]ceptible degrees & *anges1 & ! sil5t gr[? ( new =ces1 ! face ( ! _w is *ang$ = u4 ,s x 0 ) ! *ange t came ^u ,european art t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! result ( _m causes work+ toge!r2 b z reg>ds art z appli$ to books1 ! greate/ ( ^! 0 ( c\rse ! inv5tion & application ( pr9t+4 ,l mo/ great movem5ts 9 art or life1 x _h an obscure beg9n+4 ,its p>5tage might be s\ght 9 ! woodcuts ( ! e>li] "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury appli$ to ! pr9t+ ( c>ds4 ,! imm$iate =]unn]s ( pr9t$ books 7 ! block books4 ,*>act]i/ic specim5s ( ! qua9t works may be se5 display$ 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! art ( ^! block books is q rude & primitive1 &1 contra/$ ) ! highly-f9i%$ "w ( ! illum9at$ ,,ms4 ( ! same "t1 might almo/ belong to ano!r p]iod4 ,^! are ! fir/ tott]+ /eps ( ! infant craft2 ! fir/ fa9t utt]ances1 soon to gr[ into /rong1 cle>1 & p]fect spee*1 to rule ! _w ( books & m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,f ,,! ,l,,beck ,,bible4 7,l,,beck1 ,,/eff5 ,,arndes1 #adid47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,pr9t]s4 ,g]many _h n tak5 any especial or di/+ui%$ "p 9 ! production ( ,,mss4 rem>kable = arti/ic beauty or orig9al treatm5t2 b h] "t 0 to come1 & n[1 9 ! use ( an arti/ic application ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 & ! new era ( book decoration & illu/ration1 %e at once took ! lead4 ,see+ t ! inv5tion itself is ascrib$ to "o ( h] own sons1 x seems appropriate en\gh1 & natural t pr9t+ %\ld gr[ to quick p]fection 9 ! l& ( its bir?2 s t we f9d "s ( ! e>lie/ & greate/ triumphs ( ! ,press com+ f ,g]man pr9t]s1 su* z ,gut5b]g1 ,fu/1 & ,s*oeff]1 n to speak yet ( ! wond]ful f]tility ( decorative inv5tion1 graphic =ce1 & dramatic p[] ( ,g]man design]s1 culm9at+ 9 ! supreme g5ius ( ,albre*t ,dr] & ,hans ,holbe94 ,! prosp]\s ,g]man t[ns1 ,cologne1 ,ma9z1 ,frank=t1 ,/rassburg1 ,augsburg1 ,bamb]g1 ,halb]/adt1 ,nuremb]g1 & ,ulm1 all became fam\s 9 ! hi/ory ( pr9t+1 & ea* _h its s*ool ( design]s 9 black & :ite1 its di/9ctive /yle 9 book-decoration & pr9t+4 ,italy1 ,france1 ,switz]l&1 & ,engl&1 h[ev]1 all _h _! %>e1 & a glori\s %>e1 9 ! triumph ( pr9t+ 9 its e>ly days4 ,! presses ( ,v5ice1 ( ,flor5ce1 & ( ,rome & ,naples1 ( ,p>is1 & ( ,basel1 & ( our own ,william ,caxton1 at ,we/m9/]1 mu/ always be look$ ^u z 9 ! van ( ! e>ly progress ( ! art1 & ! ri*ness ( ! decorative inv5tion & beauty1 9 ! case ( ! woodcut adornm5ts us$ by ! pr9t]s ( ,v5ice & ,flor5ce especially1 gives !m 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury & ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sixte5? a p>ticul> di/9ction4 #aded appe>s to be ! e>lie/ def9ite date t c be fix$ on to m>k ! e>lie/ use ( pr9t+4 ,9 t ye>1 ! ,ma9z ,indulg5ces 7 9 circulation1 b ! foll[+ ye> is m important1 z to x is assign$ ! issue1 f ! press ( ,gut5b]g & ,fu/ at ,ma9z1 ( ! fam\s ,maz>9 ,bible1 a copy ( :i* is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,mr4 ,bull5 says1 ,! copy :i* fir/ attract$ notice 9 mod]n times 0 discov]$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,c>d9al ,maz>9--h5ce ! "n4 ,x is noticeable z %[+ h[ transitional 0 ! *ange 9 ! treatm5t ( ! page4 ,! scribe has be5 supplant$--! m>%all$ legions ( pr9t$ lett]s h invad$ 8 t]ritory & driv5 him f 8 occupation2 b ! m>g9 is /ill left = ! illum9ator to spread 8 col\r$ bord]s ^u1 & ! initial lett]s wait = ! t\* ( col\r f 8 h&4 ,! e>ly pr9t]s evid5tly reg>d$ _! art z provid+ a sub/itute = ! ,,ms4 book4 ,!y aim$ at do+ ! "w ( ! scribe & do+ x bett] & m exp$iti\sly4 ,no idea ( a new dep>ture 9 effect seems to h be5 ent]ta9$ at fir/1 to judge f su* specim5s z ^!4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,f ,,p>is ,,et ,,vi5ne4 7,,p>is1 ,,jehan ,,trep]el1 ,c4 #adie47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,ma9z ,,psalt]4 ,ano!r e>ly pr9t$ book is ! ,ma9z ,psalt]4 ,x is pr9t$ on vellum1 & comes f ! press ( ,fu/ & ,s*oeff] 9 #adeg4 ,x is rem>kable n only z ! fir/ pr9t$ psalt] & z ! fir/ book pr9t$ ) a date1 b also z be+ ! fir/ example ( pr9t+ 9 col\rs4 ,! initial lett] ,b is ! result ( ?is me?od1 & x af=ds a wond]ful in/ance ( true regi/]4 ,! blue ( ! lett] fitt$ cleanly into ! r$ ( ! surr\nd+ ornam5t ) a precision :i* puzzles our mod]n pr9t]s1 & x is difficult to und]/& h[ su* p]fection c\ld h be5 atta9$4 ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk] has sugge/$ to me t ! blue lett] itself might h be5 cut out1 ink$1 & dropp$ 9 f ! back ( ! r$ block :5 t 0 9 ! press1 & s ! two col\rs pr9t$ toge!r4 ,if ?is c\ld be done ) suffici5t precision1 x w\ld c]ta9ly acc\nt = ! exactitude ( ! regi/]4 ,ap>t f ?is int]e/+ te*nical "q1 h[ev]1 ! page is a v beautiful "o1 & ! initial1 ) its solid %ape ( figur$ blue1 inclos$ 9 ! delicate r$ p5-l trac]y climb+ up & d[n ! m>g91 is a *>m+ piece ( page decoration4 ,! orig9al may be se5 9 "o ( ! cases 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,we h "h an in/ance ( ! pr9t] aim+ at directly imitat+ & supplant+ by 8 craft ! art ( ! calligraph] & illum9ator1 & ) su* a beauty & p]fection ( workman%ip z mu/ h a/oni%$ !m & giv5 !m f> m reason to reg>d ! pr9t] z a dang]\s rival ?an _h 7z x is said7 ! e>ly wood engrav]s1 :o 7 unwill+ to help ! pr9t] by _! art = fe> 8 craft w\ld injure _! own1 :i* seems some:at extraord9>y consid]+ h[ closely alli$ bo? wood engrav] & pr9t] h be5 ev] s9ce4 ,! example ( ! ,ma9z ,psalt] does n seem to h be5 mu* foll[$1 & z reg>ds ! application ( col\r1 x 0 z a rule left z a matt] ( c\rse to be add$ by ! m9iaturi/1 :o evid5tly decl9$ z an arti/ aft] he _h got into ! way ( hav+ 8 designs 9 outl9e provid$ = him ready-made by ! pr9t]2 or1 r1 p]haps ! accompli%$ m9iature pr9t]1 hav+ c>ri$ 8 art z appli$ to books ab\t z f> z x w\ld g1 became absorb$ z a pa9t] ( indep5d5t pictures1 & ! pr9t+ ( books fell into inf]ior h&s4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! devices & decorations ( ! e>ly pr9t]s 7 int5d$ to be col\r$ 9 emulation ( illum9at$ & m9iatur$ ,,mss41 & 7 reg>d$1 9 fact1 z ! p5 outl9es ( ! illum9ator1 only complete :5 fill$ 9 ) col\rs & gold4 ,x appe>s to h be5 only by degrees t ! ri* & vigor\s l9es ( ! woodcut1 z well z ! black & :ite effect1 became admir$ = _! own sake--s sl[ly moves ! _w6 ,sid5ote3 ,,g]man ,,illu/ration4 ,a good idea ( ! g5]al "* ( ! developm5t ( ! wood 7& metal7 cut 9 book & illu/ration & decoration 9 ,g]many1 f #adgj 7,leid5 ,*ri/i1 ,pfi/]1 ,bamb]g1 #adgj7 to 7,virgil ,solis' ,bible7 #aefc1 may be ga9$ f a /udy ( ! s]ies ( reproductions giv5 9 ?is & ! prec$+ *apt]1 9 *ronological ord]1 ) ! names1 dates1 & places1 z well z ! p>ticul> *>act]i/ics ( ! /yle ( ! diff]5t design]s & pr9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,das ,,bu* ,,und ,,leb5 ,,des ,,ho*b],,hmt5 ,,fabeldi*t]s ,,sopi4 7,,ulm1 #adih4a7 #a ,?is is ! date ( ! copy f :i* ! illu/ration is reproduc$4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! book 01 h[ev]1 probably issu$ ab\t #adhj4 ,sid5ote3 ,,italian ,,illu/rations4 ,! same may be said 9 reg>d to ! ,italian s]ies :i* foll[s1 & ^? f ,basel & ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,de ,,cl>is ,,muli]ibus4 7,,f]r>a1 #adig47 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ examples ( ! use ( e>ly pr9t+ z a sub/itute = illum9ation & m9iature are to be f\nd 9 ! ,books ( ,h\rs :i* 7 produc$ at ,p>is 9 ! lat] ye>s ( ! fifte5? & ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5turies 7#adhg-aeai ab\t7 by ,vr>d1 ,du ,pr1 ,philip ,pig\*et1 ,k]v]1 & ,h>d\yn4 ,specim5s ( ^! books may be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & at ! ,art ,libr>y at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! orig9als are mo/ly pr9t$ on vellum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,tuppo',s ,,sop4 7,,naples1 #adhe47 ,sid5ote3 ,,bord]s ,,& ,,ornam5ts4 ,! effect ( ! ri*ly design$ bord]s on black dott$ gr\nds is v pleasant1 b ^! books seem to h be5 int5d$ to be illum9at$ & col\r$4 ,we f9d 9 "s copies t ! full-page pr9t$ pictures are col\r$1 be+ work$ up z m9iatures1 & ! semi-ar*itectural bord]+s ) ,r5aissance m\ld+s & details are gild$ flat1 & treat$ z ! frame ( ! picture4 ,!re is "o :i* has ! m>k ( ! pr9t] ,gillet ,h>d\yn 7,g4 ,h4 on ! %ield71 on ! front page4 ,9 ano!r copy 7#aeae7 ?is is pa9t$ & ! framework gild$2 ! subject is ,nessus ! ,c5taur c>ry+ (f ,deianira1 ! wife ( ,h]cules2 a sign ( ! t5d5cy to revive classical my?ology :i* _h set 91 9 ?is case1 9 curi\s association ) a ,*ri/ian s]vice-book4 ,x is noticeable h[ soon ! facility = repetition by ! press 0 tak5 advantage (1 & a design1 especially if on ornam5tal bord]+s ( a page1 (t5 repeat$ sev]al times ?r\gh\t a book4 ,^! bord]+s & ornam5ts be+ g5]ally 9 sep>ate blocks z to head+s1 side panels1 & tail-pieces1 c\ld easily be %ift$ & a c]ta9 v>iety obta9$ by be+ diff]5tly made up4 ,"h we may see comm]cialism creep+ 94 ,consid]ations ( pr(it & economy no d\bt h _! effect1 & me*anical inv5tion comes 9 to *eap5 n only lab\r1 b arti/ic inv5tion also4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,p4 ,,cremonese',s ,,dante4 7,,v5ice1 ,,novemb]1 #adia47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,! ,,indies4 7,,flor5ce1 #adic47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,fior ,,di ,,virt4 #adih 7,,flor5ce1 #adic87 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,r5aissance4 ,x took "s "t1 h[ev]1 to turn ! pr9t] into ! manufactur] or tradesman pure & simple4 ,no?+ is m /rik+ ?an ! high arti/ic "* ( ! e>ly pr9t$ books4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 com+ z x did :5 ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 _h rea*$ ! p]iod ( its greate/ glory & p]fection1 ) ! arti/ic traditions ( fifte5 c5turies p\r$1 z x 71 into its lap1 fill+ its f\nts ) beautiful lett]+1 & guid+ ! p5cil ( its design]s ) a /ill unbrok5 s5se ( fitness & p]fect adaptability2 :ile z yet ! influ5ce ( ! revival ( classic le>n+ & my?ology 0 only felt z ! /irr+ & /imulat+ brea? ( new awak5+ spr+--! aroma ( spice-lad5 w9ds f unkn[n %ores ( romance--or z ! my/]y & wond] ( discov]y1 /&+ on ! br9k ( a half-disclos$ new _w1 & fir$ ) ! ?\ght ( its possibilities-- ,or l /\t ,cortez :5 ) eagle eyes ,he />$ at ! ,pacific4 ,_h ! discov]y ( pr9t+ occurr$ two or ?ree c5turies e>li]1 x w\ld h be5 curi\s to see ! results4 ,b aft] all1 an inv5tion nev] lives until ! _w is ready to adopt x4 ,x is impossible to say h[ _m inv5tions are new inv5tions4 ,ask & ye %all h1 or ! practical application ( x1 is ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,necessity1 ! /]n "m1 compels h] *ildr5 to provide = _! own physical & intellectual necessities1 & 9 due "t ! h\r & ! man 7) 8 inv5tion7 arrives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,/ephano ,,caes5ate ,,p]egr9i ,,inv5tore 7,s4,c4 ,p4,i474 7,,v5ice1 ,,de ,,gregoriis1 #adih47 ,classical my?ology & ,go?ic my/icism & romance met toge!r 9 ! art & books ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance4 ,ascetic aspiration /rives ) frank paganism & nature wor%ip4 ,! gods ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome seem$ to awake aft] an en*ant$ sleep ( ages1 & reappe> aga9 unto m54 ,italy1 hav+ h>dly h]self ev] brok5 ) ! anci5t traditions ( ,classical art & religion1 became ! focus ( ! new light1 & h] indep5d5t republics1 su* z ,flor5ce & ,v5ice1 ! c5tres ( weal?1 culture1 ref9em5t1 & arti/ic inv5tion4 ,turki% conque/1 too1 _h its effect on ! developm5t ( ! new movem5t by driv+ ,greek s*ol>s & ! k ( ! classical writ]s ( antiquity ,we/w>d4 ,^! 7 all mat]ials = an exceptional developm5t ( art1 &1 above all1 ( ! art ( ! pr9t]1 & ! decoration & illu/ration ( books4 ,! "n ( ,aldus1 ( ,v5ice1 is fam\s among ^? ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance pr9t]s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable book1 f ?is or any press1 = ! beauty ( its decorative illu/ration1 is ! ,poliphili ,hypn]otoma*ia--,! ,dream ( ,poliphilus--pr9t$ 9 #adii1 an allegorical romance ( love 9 ! mann] ( ^? days4 ,! au?or%ip ( ! design has be5 ! subject ( mu* speculation4 ,i believe !y 7 attribut$ at "o "t to ,mantegna1 & !y h also be5 ascrib$ to "o ( ! ,bell9i4 ,! /yle ( ! design]1 ! quality ( ! outl9e1 ! simplicity yet ri*ness ( ! designs1 _! poetic feel+1 ! my/icism ( "s1 & frank paganism ( o!rs1 places ! s]ies q by !mselves4 ,! fir/ edition is n[ v difficult to obta91 & might co/ some?+ l #ajj gu9eas4 ,my illu/rations are tak5 f ! copy 9 ! ,art ,libr>y at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & are f negatives tak5 by ,mr4 ,griggs1 = ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t1 :o h issu$ a set ( reproductions 9 photo-li?ography1 by him1 ( ! :ole ( ! woodcuts 9 ! volume1 ( ! orig9al size1 at ! price1 ,i believe1 ( #es4 #f;d4 ,"h is an in/ance ( :at photographic reproduction c d = u--:5 orig9als ( great works are co/ly or unatta9able we c get reproductions = a few %ill+s1 = all practical purposes z good = /udy z ! orig9als !mselves4 ,if we _c1 9 ?is age1 produce great orig9als1 we c at lea/ reproduce !m--p]haps ! next be/ ?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,poliphilus4 7,,v5ice1 ,,aldus1 #adii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,t]tivs ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,poliphilus4 7,,v5ice1 ,,aldus1 #adii47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,aless&ro ,,m9uziano4 7,,milan1 ,,design] ,,unkn[n1 #aejc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,s*ool ,,( ,,giov4 ,,bell9i4 7,,v5ice1 ,,georgius ,,de ,,rusconibus1 #aejf47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,m9]va1 ,,f ,,! ,,quatriregio4 7,,flor5ce1 #aejh47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,aulus ,,gellius1 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,giov4 ,,tacu9o4 7,,v5ice1 #aeji47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,qu9tilian4 7,,v5ice1 ,,georgius ,,de ,,rusconibus1 #aeab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,ottaviano ,,dei ,,petrucci4 7,,fossombrone1 #aeac47 ,!re is a ,fr5* edition ( ,poliphilus pr9t$ at ,p>is1 by ,k]v]1 9 #aefa1b :i* has a frontispiece design$ by ,jean ,c\s94 ,! illu/rations1 too1 h all be5 r$rawn1 & are treat$ 9 q a diff]5t mann] f ! ,v5etian orig9als--b !y h a "* ( _! own1 ?\gh ( a lat]1 florid1 & m self-consci\s type1 z might be expect$ f ,p>is 9 ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! initial lett]s ( a s]ies ( *apt]s 9 ! book spell1 if read consecutively1 ,francisco ,columna 7,f4,r4,a4,n4,c4,i4,s4,c4,o4 ,c4,o4,l4,v4,m4,n4,a47--! "n ( ! writ] ( ! romance4 #b ,! fir/ ,fr5* edition is dat$ #aedf4 ,:e!r su* designs z ^! 7 int5d$ to be col\r$ is d\btful4 ,!y are v satisfactory z !y are 9 outl9e1 & want no?+ else4 ,! book may be consid]$ z an illu/rat$ "o1 draw+s ( monum5ts1 f\nta9s1 /&>ds1 emblems1 & devices are plac$ "h & !re 9 ! text1 b !y are s *>m+ly design$ & drawn t ! effect is decorative1 & be+ 9 op5 l9e ! me*anical conditions are p]fectly fulfill$ ( surface pr9t+ ) ! type4 ,sid5ote3 ,,caxton4 ,aft] ! beautiful productions ( ! ,g]man1 ,italian 7( :i* "s reproductions are giv5 "h71 & ,fr5* pr9t]s1 our own ,william ,caxton's fir/ books seem r r\gh1 ?\gh n )\t "*1 &1 at any rate1 picturesqu5ess1 if !y _c be quot$ z v accompli%$ examples ( ! pr9t]'s art4 ,! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,engl& is said to be ,caxton's ,dictes & ,say+s ( ! ,philosoph]s1 pr9t$ by him at ,we/m9/] 9 #adgg4 ,a noticeable *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly pr9t$ books is ! developm5t ( ! title page4 ,:]eas ! ,,mss4 g5]ally did )\t "o1 ) ! adv5t ( pr9t+ ! title page became m & m important1 & ev5 if !re 7 no o!r illu/rations or ornam5ts 9 a book1 !re 0 (t5 a woodcut title4 ,su* examples z "s "h giv5 convey a good idea ( :at *>m+ decorative feel+ ^! title page designs sometimes display$1 & ^? greate/ ( design]s & book decorators & illu/rators1 ,albre*t ,dr] & ,hans ,holbe91 %[$ _! p[] & decorative skill1 & s5se ( ! res\rces ( ! woodcut1 9 ! designs made by !m = v>i\s title pages4 ,! noble designs ( ! ma/] craftsman ( ,nuremb]g1 ,albre*t ,dr]1 are well kn[n4 ,8 extraord9>y vig\r ( draw+1 & s5se ( its res\rces z appli$ to ! woodcut1 made him a great =ce 9 ! decoration & illu/ration ( books1 & _m are ! spl5did designs f 8 h&4 ,?ree designs f ! f9e s]ies ( ! ,little ,passion & two ( 8 title pages are giv51 :i* %[ him on ! /rictly decorative side4 ,! title dat$ #aebc may be comp>$ ) t ( ,oronce ,f9 7,p>is1 #aecd74 ,!re appe>s to h be5 a return to ?is convolut$ knott$ k9d ( ornam5t at ?is p]iod4 ,x appe>s 9 ,italian ,,mss4 e>li]1 & may h be5 d]iv$ f ,byzant9e s\rces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]1 ,,kle9e ,,passion4 7,,nuremb]g1 #aeab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]1 ,,kle9e ,,passion4 7,,nuremb]g1 #aeab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]1 ,,kle9e ,,passion4 7,,nuremb]g1 #aeab47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 7,,nuremb]g1 ,,he9ri* ,,/eyn]1 #aeac47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,albre*t ,d,,r]4 7,,nuremb]g1 #aebc47 ,sid5ote3 ,,hans ,,holbe94 ,!re is a f9e title page design$ by ,holbe91 pr9t$ by ,petri1 at ,basle1 9 #aebd4 ,x 0 orig9ally design$ & us$ = an edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 pr9t$ by ! same ,adam ,petri 9 #aebc4 ,at ! f\r corn]s are ! symbols ( ! ,evangeli/s2 ! arms ( ! city ( ,basle are 9 ! c5tre ( ! upp] bord]1 & ! pr9t]'s device occupies a correspond+ space bel[4 ,figures ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul are 9 ! ni*es at ea* side4 ,b ! "w always mo/ associat$ ) ! "n ( ,holbe9 is ! rem>kable little book conta9+ ! s]ies ( designs kn[n z ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ! fir/ edition ( :i* 0 pr9t$ at ,lyons 9 #aech4 ,! two designs "h giv5 are pr9t$ f ! blocks cut by ,bonn] & ,byfield 7#ahcc74 ,^! cuts are only ab\t #b-a_/b by #b in*es1 & yet an extraord9>y am\nt ( inv5tion1 graphic p[]1 dramatic & tragic =ce1 & grim & satiric hum\r1 is compress$ into !m4 ,!y /& q alone 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 & give a wond]fully int]e/+ & complete s]ies ( illu/rations ( ! life ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,holbe9 is suppos$ to h pa9t$ ?is ,dance ( ,dea? 9 ! palace ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 erect$ by ,c>d9al ,wolsey at ,:itehall1 life size2 b ?is 0 de/roy$ 9 ! fire :i* consum$ ne>ly ! :ole ( t palace 9 #afig4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]4 ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5t4 ,,holbe94 ,,dance ,,( ,,dea?4 ,,! ,,nun4 7,,lyons1 #aech47 ,! ,bible cuts ( ,hans ,holbe9 are also a v f9e s]ies1 & rem>kable = _! bread? & simplicity ( l9e1 z well z decorative effect on ! page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]4 ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5t4 ,,holbe91 ,,dance ,,( ,,dea?4 ,,! ,,pl\ghman4 7,,lyons1 #aech47 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,holbe9's fa!r & gr&fa!r bo? practis$ engrav+ & pa9t+ at ,augsburg1 :ile 8 bro!r ,ambrose 0 also a f]tile book illu/rator4 ,hans ,holbe9 ! eld] m>ri$ a daught] ( ! eld] ,burgmair1 fa!r ( ! fam\s ,hans ,burgmair1 examples ( ^: f9e & vigor\s /yle ( draw+ are giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,holbe94 7,,basel1 ,,adam ,,petri1 circa #aebd47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,holbe94 ,,hi/4 ,,vet4 ,,te/4 ,,iconibus ,,illu/rata4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,g]man ,,ma/]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,g]man ,,tradition4 ,albre*t ,dr] & ,holbe91 inde$1 seem to express & to sum up all ! vig\r & p[] ( design ( t v vigor\s & fruitful "t ( ! ,g]man ,r5aissance4 ,!y _h able contempor>ies1 ( c\rse1 among :om are di/+ui%$1 ,lucas ,crana* 7! eld]7 born #adgj1 & ,hans ,burgmair1 already nam$1 :o 0 associat$ ) ,dr] 9 ! "w ( ! celebrat$ s]ies ( woodcuts1 ,! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian2 "o ( ! f9e s]ies ( ,d] ,weiss ,knig1 a noble title page1 & a vigor\s draw+ ( peasants at "w 9 a field1 "h repres5t him4 ,o!r notable design]s 7 ,hans ,sebald ,beham1 ,hans ,baldung ,grn1 ,hans ,w*tl91 ,jo/ ,amman1 & o!rs1 :o c>ri$ on ! ,g]man /yle or tradition 9 design to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is tradition ( conv5tion 0 te*nically really ! mode ( expression be/ fitt$ to ! conditions ( ! woodcut & ! press1 "u :i* 7 evolv$ ! vigor\s p5 l9e *>act]i/ic ( ! ,g]man ma/]s4 ,x 0 a liv+ condition 9 :i* ea* c\ld "w freely1 br++ 9 8 own fre% obs]vation & individual feel+1 :ile rema9+ 9 collective h>mony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,holbe94 ,,bible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,ambrose ,,holbe94 ,,das ,,gantze ,,neue ,,te/am5t1 ,,etc4 7,,basel1 #aebc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,burgmair4 ,,d] ,,weiss ,k,,nig 7#aeab-ad74 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,burgmair4 7,,augsburg1 #aeaf47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,burgmair4 ,,hi/oria ,,mundi ,,naturalis1 ,,pl9y4 7,,frank=t1 #aehb47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,burgmair4 ,,die ,,me]fahrt ,,zu ,,viln ,,on]kannt5 ,,inseln ,,und ,,kunigrei*54 7,,augsburg1 #aeji47 ,sid5ote3 ,,pr9t]s' ,,m>ks ,sid5ote3 ,,emblem ,,books4 ,! v>i\s m>ks adopt$ by ! pr9t]s !mselves are (t5 decorative devices ( great int]e/ & beauty4 ,! ,fr5* pr9t]s1 ,gillett ,h>d\yn & ,?ielman ,k]v]1 = in/ance1 _h *>m+ devices ) :i* !y g5]ally occupi$ ! front page ( _! ,books ( ,h\rs4 ,o!rs 7 pictorial puns & embodi$ ! "n ( ! pr9t] "u "s figure1 su* z t ( ,petri ( ,basle1 :o adopt$ a device ( a /one1 :i* ! flames & ! hamm] /roke fail$ to de/roy2 or ! m>k ( ,philip le ,noir--a black %ield ) a negro cre/ & support]2 or ! palm tree ( ,palma ,is+r94 ,o!rs 7 purely emblematic & h]aldic1 su* z ! dolph9 tw9$ r\nd ! an*or1 ( ,aldus1 ) ! motto ,prop]a t>de--ha/5 sl[ly4 ,?is1 & ano!r device ( a crab hold+ a butt]fly by its w+s1 ) ! same signification1 are bo? borr[$ f ! fav\rite devices ( two ( ! e>ly emp]ors ( ,rome--,augu/us & ,titus4 ,?is symbolic1 emblematic1 allegoriz+ t5d5cy :i* _h be5 m or less *>act]i/ic ( bo? art & lit]ature1 9 v>i\s degrees1 f ! mo/ anci5t times1 became m sy/ematically cultivat$1 & collections ( emblems began to appe> 9 book =m 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! e>lie/ be+ t ( ,alciati1 ! fir/ edition ( ^: book appe>$ 9 #aebb1 edition aft] edition foll[+ ea* o!r f v>i\s pr9t]s & places f t date to #afba1 ) ev]-increas+ additions1 & be+ translat$ into ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,italian4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,gre51 ! au?or ( ,%akespe>e & ! ,emblem ,writ]s 7writt5 to prove ,%akespe>e's acqua9tance ) ! emblem books1 & con/ant allusions to emblems71 said ( ,alciati's book t x e/abli%$1 if x did n introduce1 a new /yle = emblem lit]ature--! classical1 9 ! place ( ! simply grotesque & humor\s1 or ( ! h]aldic & my/ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hans ,,baldung ,,gr,n4 ,,hortulus ,,anim4 7,,/rassburg1 ,,m>t9 ,,fla*1 #aeaa47 ,illu/ration3 ,,hans ,,baldung ,,gr,n4 ,,hortulus ,,anim4 7,,/rassburg1 ,,m>t9 ,,fla*1 #aeaa47 ,illu/ration3 ,,hans ,,baldung ,,gr,n4 ,,hortulus ,,anim4 7,,/rassburg1 ,,m>t9 ,,fla*1 #aeaa47 ,illu/ration3 ,,hans ,,baldung ,,gr,n4 ,,hortulus ,,anim4 7,,/rassburg1 ,,m>t9 ,,fla*1 #aeaa47 ,!re is an edition ( ,alciati pr9t$ at ,lyons 7,bonhomme71 #aeea1 a repr9t ( :i* 0 publi%$ by ! ,holbe9 ,society 9 #ahha4 ,! figure designs & ! squ>e woodcut subjects are suppos$ to be ! "w ( ,solomon ,b]n>d--call$ ! little ,b]n>d--born at ,lyons 9 #aebb4 ,^! are surr\nd$ by elaborate & r heavy decorative bord]s1 9 ! /yle ( ! lat] ,r5aissance1 by ano!r h&1 "s ( !m be>+ ! monogram ,p4,v41 :i* has be5 expla9$ to mean ei!r ,pi]9o del ,vaga1 ! pa9t] 7a pupil ( ,raphael's71 or ,petro de ,v+les1 a pr9t] ( ,lyons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,w,,*tl94 7,,/rassburg1 ,,ma?ias ,,s*,,r]1 #aeac47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,hans ,,sebald ,,beham4 ,,das ,,pap/?um ,,mit ,,se95 ,,gli$]n4 7,,nuremb]g1 ,,hans ,,w&]eis51 #aebf47 ,^! bord]s1 z we le>n f a preface to "o ( ! editions 7,ad ,lectorem--,roville's ,lat9 text ( ! emblems71 7 int5d$ z patt]ns = v>i\s craftsm54 ,= ,i say ?is is _! use1 t z (t5 z any "o may wi% to assign fulness to empty ?+s1 ornam5t to base ?+s1 spee* to dumb ?+s1 & reason to s5seless ?+s1 he may1 f a little book ( emblems1 z f an excell5tly well-prep>$ h&-book1 h :at he may be able to impress on ! walls ( h\ses1 on w9d[s ( glass1 on tape/ry1 on hang+s1 on tablets1 vases1 ensigns1 seals1 g>m5ts1 ! table1 ! c\*1 ! arms1 ! sword1 & la/ly1 furniture ( e k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,,emblems4 ,an emblem has be5 def9$ 7,cotgrave's ,diction>y1 ,art4 ,emblema7 z a picture & %ort posie1 express+ "s p>ticul> conceit2 & by ,francis ,qu>les z b a sil5t p>able2 & ,bacon1 9 8 ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 says3--,embleme d$uce? conceptions intellectuall to images s5sible1 & t :i* is s5sible m fully /rikes ! memory1 & is m easily impr9t$ ?an t :i* is intellectual4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,copp]-,,plate4 ,all 0 fi% t fell into ! net ( ! emblem writ] or devis]2 hi]oglyphic1 h]aldry1 fable1 my?ology1 ! anci5t ,egyptians1 ,hom]1 anci5t ,greece & ,rome1 ,*ri/ianity1 or pagan philosophy1 all 9 _! turn s]v$ ,to po9t a moral & adorn a tale4 ,z to ! arti/ic quality ( ! designs :i* are f\nd 9 ^! books1 !y are ( v v>i\s quality1 ^? ( ! e>li] sixte5? c5tury ) woodcuts be+ naturally ! be/ & mo/ vigor\s1 correspond+ 9 "* to ! qualities ( ! contempor>y design4 ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,dea?1 or r ,images & ,/ori$ ,aspects ( ,dea?1 its true title1 might be call$ an emblem book1 b v few c approa* x 9 arti/ic quality4 ,"s ( ! devices 9 e>ly editions ( ! emblem books ( ,giovio1 ,witney1 & ev5 ! mu* lat] ,qu>les h a c]ta9 qua9tness2 b ?\gh su* books necess>ily dep5d$ on _! illu/rations1 ! moral & philosophic1 or epigrammatic burd5 prov$ 9 ! end m ?an ! design c\ld c>ry1 :5 ! impulse :i* *>act]iz$ ! e>ly ,r5aissance _h decl9$1 & design1 z appli$ to books1 became smo!r$ ) classical affectation & pomposity1 & ! cle> & vigor\s woodcut 0 supplant$ by ! d\btful advantage ( ! copp]-plate4 ,! introduction ( ! use ( ! copp]-plate m>ks a new era 9 book illu/ration1 b z reg>ds _! decoration1 "o ( di/9ct decl9e4 ,:ile ! surface-pr9t$ block1 :e!r woodcut or metal engrav+ 7by :i* me?od _m ( ! e>ly book illu/rations 7 r5d]$7 accord$ well ) ! conditions ( ! lett]-press pr9t+1 z !y 7 set up ) ! type & pr9t$ by ! same pressure 9 ! same press4 ,) copp]-plate q o!r conditions came 91 z ! pap] has to be press$ into ! et*$ or engrav$ l9es ( ! plate1 in/ead ( be+ impress$ by ! l9es 9 relief ( ! wood or ! metal4 ,?us1 ) ! use ( copp]-plate illu/rations 9 pr9t$ books1 t me*anical relation :i* exi/s betwe5 a surface-pr9t$ block & ! lett]-press 0 at once brok51 z a diff]5t me?od ( pr9t+ _h to be us$4 ,! app>5t1 b (t5 speci\s1 ref9em5t ( ! copp]-plate did n necess>ily mean extra p[] or ref9em5t ( draughtsman%ip or design1 b m]ely ?9n] l9es1 & ^! 7 (t5 atta9$ at ! co/ ( ri*ness & vig\r1 z well z decorative effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,re=mation ,,d] ,,ba3,y,,ris*5 ,,l&re*t4 7,,muni*1 #aeah47 ,! fir/ book illu/rat$ ) copp]-plate engrav+s1 h[ev]1 be>s an e>ly date--#adgg4 ,el ,monte ,sancto di ,dio4 ,niccolo di ,lor5zo1 ,flor5ce4 ,9 ?is case x 0 res]v$ = ! full page pictures4 ,! me?od does n seem to h comm5d$ itself mu* to ! book design]s1 & did n come into g5]al use until ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ) ! decl9e ( design4 ,! encyclopdic books ( ?is p]iod--! curi\s comp5diums ( ! k ( ^? days--7 full ( ent]ta9+ woodcuts1 diagrams1 & devices1 & ! v>i\s treatises on gramm>1 ari?metic1 geometry1 physiology1 anatomy1 a/ronomy1 geography1 7 made attractive by !m1 ea* section prec$$ p]haps by an allegorical figure ( ! art or sci5ce disc\rs$ ( 9 ! co/ume ( a gr& dame ( ! p]iod4 ,! h]bals & treatises on animals 7 (t5 fill$ ) f9e floral designs & vigor\s1 if sometimes half-my?ical1 repres5tations ( animals4 ,sid5ote3 ,,fu*sius4 ,sid5ote3 ,,h]bals4 ,!re are f9e examples ( plant draw+ 9 a beautiful h]bal 7,fu*sius3 ,de ,hi/oria ,/irpium2 ,basle1 ,is+r91 #aedb74 ,!y are n only fai?ful & *>act]i/ic z draw+s ( ! plants !mselves1 b are beautiful z decorative designs1 be+ drawn 9 a f9e free /yle1 & ) a delicate s5se ( l9e1 & well ?r[n ^u ! page4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! book is a woodcut portrait ( ! au?or1 ,leon>d ,fu*s--possibly ! fu*sia may h be5 nam$ aft] him--& at ! end is ano!r woodcut giv+ ! portrait ( ! arti/1 ! design] ( ! fl[]s1 & ! draughtsman on wood & ! =ms*neid]1 or engrav] on wood1 b5ea?1 :o appe>s to be fully consci\s ( 8 own importance4 ,! fir/ two are busy at "w1 & x w be notic$ ! arti/ is draw+ f ! fl[] itself ) ! po9t ( a bru%1 ! bru% be+ fix$ 9 a quill 9 ! mann] ( our wat]-col\r bru%es4 ,! draughtsman holds ! design or pap] :ile he copies x ^u ! block4 ,! portraits are vigor\sly drawn 9 a /yle sugge/ive ( ,hans ,burgmair4 ,good examples ( plant draw+ :i* is unit$ ) design are also to be f\nd 9 ,mat?iolus 7,v5ice1 #aehc71 & 9 a ,kreut]bu* 7,/rasburg1 #aeea71 & 9 ,g]>d's ,h]bal1 ( :i* !re are sev]al editions4 ,z examples ( design 9 animals1 !re are "s vigor\s woodcuts 9 a ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s1 by ,conrad ,gesn]1 pr9t$ by ,fros*ov]1 ( ,zuri*1 9 #aeed4 ,! porcup9e is z l a porcup9e z ne$ be1 & !re c be no mi/ake ab\t 8 quills4 ,! draw+s ( birds are excell5t1 & "o ( a crane 7z ,i ought1 p]haps1 m p>ticul>ly to "k7 is v *>act]i/ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 7,,tosculano1 ,,alex4 ,,pagan9i1 #aebj47 7,comp4 ,dr]'s title page1 ,nuremb]g1 #aebc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,fu*sius3 ,,de ,,hi/oria ,,/irpium4 7,,basle1 ,,is+r91 #aedb47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,new ,,_s4 ,b we h pass$ ! ,rubicon--! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,rip5+ s rapidly1 & blossom+ into su* excell5ce & p]fection z did ! art ( ! pr9t]1 & design z appli$ to ! pr9t$ page1 ?r\gh ! woodcut & ! press1 _! arti/ic "* & beauty 0 some:at %ort-liv$4 ,up to ab\t ?is date 7#aeed 0 ! date ( our la/ example71 z we h se51 to judge only f ! comp>atively few specim5s giv5 "h1 :at beautiful books 7 pr9t$1 rem>kable bo? = _! decorative & illu/rative value1 & (t5 unit+ ^! two functions 9 p]fect h>mony2 b aft] ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury bo? vig\r & beauty 9 design g5]ally may be said to h decl9$4 ,:e!r ! _w _h begun to be int]e/$ 9 o!r ?+s--& we "k ! great discov]y ( ,columbus _h made x practically l>g]--:e!r discov]y1 conque/1 & comm]ce m & m fill$ ! view ( =emo/ spirits1 & art 0 only valu$ z x illu/rat$ or contribut$ to ! k ( or fur!rance ( ^!2 :e!r ! ,re=mation or ! _s ( ,prote/antism1 turn+ m5's m9ds f outw>d to inw>d ?+s1 & 9 its revolt aga9/ ! half paganiz$ ,ca?olic ,*ur*--involv+ a c]ta9 ascetic scorn & contempt = any =m ( art :i* did n s]ve a direct moral purpose1 & :i* appeal$ to ! s5ses r ?an to ! emotions or ! intellect--practically disc\rag$ x altoge!r4 ,:e!r t new impulse giv5 to ! imag9ation by ! influ5ce ( ! revival ( ,classical le>n+1 poetry1 & antique art1 _h become jad$1 &1 :ile break+ ) ! traditions & _s ( ,go?ic or ,m$ival art1 began to put on ! fett]s ( au?ority & p$antry1 & s1 gradually ov]laid by ! =ms & c]em5ts ( a dead /yle1 lo/ its vig\r & vitality--:e!r due to "o or all ( ^! causes1 c]ta9 x is t ! lamp ( design began to fail1 &1 comp>$ ) its e>li] radiance1 %$ b a d\btful flick] ^u ! page ?r\gh ! succe$+ c5turies4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,p]iod ,,( ,,! ,,decl9e ,,( ,,decorative ,,feel+ ,,9 ,,book ,,design ,,aft] ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,mod]n ,,revival4 ,z ,i indicat$ at ! outset ( ! fir/ *apt]1 my purpose is n to give a complete hi/orical acc\nt ( ! decoration & illu/ration ( books1 b r to dwell on ! arti/ic treatm5t ( ! page f my own po9t ( view z a design]4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 ! illu/rations ,i h giv51 :ile s]v+ _! purpose1 also furni%$ a fair idea ( ! developm5t ( /yle & v>iation ( treatm5t ( bo? ! ,,ms4 & pr9t$ book "u diff]5t influ5ces1 f ! six? to ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b n[ ,i %all h to put on a pair ( sev5-league boots1 & make "s trem5d\s skips4 ,we h se5 h[1 at ! p]iod ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance1 two /reams met1 z x 71 & m+l$1 ) v beautiful results4 ,! fre$om1 ! romance1 ! naturalism ( ! lat] ,go?ic1 ) ! newly awak5$ ,classical feel+1 ) its grace ( l9e & my?ological lore4 ,! ri* & delicate arabesques 9 :i* ,italian design]s delight$1 & :i* s frequ5tly decorat$1 z we h se51 ! bord]s ( ! e>ly pr9t]1 owe also some?+ to ,ori5tal influ5ce1 z inde$ _! "n indicates4 ,! decorative beauty ( ^! e>ly ,r5aissance books 7 really1 !re=e1 ! outcome ( a v rem>kable fusion ( ideas & /yles4 ,pr9t+1 z an art1 & book decoration atta9$ a p]fection x has n s9ce rea*$4 ,! g5ius ( ! greate/ design]s ( ! "t 0 associat$ ) ! new inv5tion1 & express$ itself ) unp>allel$ vig\r 9 ! woodcut2 :ile ! type-f\nd]1 be+ /ill "u ! influ5ce ( a f9e traditional /yle 9 h&writ+1 0 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! book decorator or illu/rator4 ,ev5 geometric diagrams 7 giv5 )\t de/roy+ ! unity ( ! page1 z may be se5 9 e>ly editions ( ,euclid1 & we h se5 :at fai?ful & *>act]i/ic "w 0 done 9 illu/rations ( plants & animals1 )\t loss ( design+ p[] & ornam5tal s5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,classical ,,influ5ce4 ,?is happy equilibrium ( arti/ic quality & practical adaptation aft] ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury began to decl9e4 ,!re 7 design]s1 l ,oronce ,f9 & ,ge(froy ,tory1 at ,p>is1 :o did mu* to pres]ve ! traditions 9 book ornam5t ( ! e>ly ,italian pr9t]s1 :ile add+ a t\* ( grace & fancy ( _! own1 b = ! mo/ "p ! ta/e ( book design]s ran to se$ aft] ?is p]iod4 ,! classical influ5ce1 :i* _h be5 only felt z "o among o!r influ5ces1 became m & m p>am\nt ov] ! design]1 triumph+ ov] ! naturali/ic feel+1 & ov] ! ,go?ic & ,ea/]n ornam5tal feel+2 s t x might be said t1 :]eas ,m$ival design]s s\ght aft] col\r & decorative beauty1 ,r5aissance design]s 7 influ5c$ by consid]ations ( l9e1 =m1 & relief4 ,?is may h be5 due 9 a great measure to ! fact t ! influ5ce ( ! antique & ,classical art 0 a sculpturesque influ5ce1 ma9ly ga!r$ f /atues & relievos1 gems & m$als1 & ar*itectural c>v$ ornam5ts1 & m ?r\gh ,roman ?an ,greek s\rces4 ,:ile sugge/ions f su* s\rces 7 b sp>+ly introduc$ at fir/1 !y gradually seem$ to outweigh all o!r motives ) ! lat] design]s1 ^: works (t5 sugge/ t x is impossible to h too mu* ,roman co/ume or too _m ,roman rema9s1 :i* cr[d _! ,bible subjects1 & fill _! bord]s ) ov]f$ p$im5ts1 corpul5t scrolls1 & volutes1 & _! int]/ices ) scatt]$ fragm5ts & attitud9iz+ p]sonifications ( ,classical my?ology4 ,! lavi% use ( su* mat]ials 7 en\gh to ov]weight ev5 vigor\s design]s l ,virgil ,solis1 :o ?\gh able1 facile1 & v]satile z he 01 seems b a poor sub/itute = ,holbe94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,oronce ,,f94 7,,p>is1 ,,simon ,,de ,,col9es1 #aecd47 7,comp4 ,dr]'s title to ,plut>*1 #aeac1 & ,/4 ,ambrosius1 #aebj47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,r5aissance4 ,:at 0 at fir/ an inspirit+1 imag9ative1 & ref9+ influ5ce 9 art became f9ally a de/ructive =ce4 ,! y\?ful _s ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance became cl\d$ & oppress$1 & f9ally cru%$ ) a weight ( pomp\s p$antry & affectation4 ,! natural developm5t ( a liv+ /yle 9 art became arre/$1 & au?ority1 & an endeav\r to imitate ! antique1 took its place4 ,! introduction ( ! copp]-plate m>k$ a new epo* 9 book illu/ration1 & wood-engrav+ decl9$ ) its increas$ adoption1 :i*1 9 ! =m x took1 z appli$ to books1 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 0 c]ta9ly to ! detrim5t & f9al ext9ction ( ! decorative side4 ,sid5ote3 ,,copp]-,,plate4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out h[ a copp]-plate1 requir+ a diff]5t process ( pr9t+1 & exhibit+ z a necess>y consequ5ce su* diff]5t qualities ( l9e & effect1 _c h>monize ) type & ! conditions ( ! surface-pr9t$ page1 s9ce x is n 9 any me*anical relation ) !m4 ,?is me*anical relation is really ! key to all good & !re=e organic design2 & !re=e x is t design 0 9 s\nd] condition :5 me*anical conditions & relations 7 simpl]4 ,a new inv5tion (t5 has a dislocat+ effect ^u design4 ,a new elem5t is introduc$1 valu$ = "s p>ticul> facility or effect1 & x is (t5 adopt$ )\t consid]+ h[--l a new elem5t 9 a *emical comb9ation--x alt]s ! relations all r\nd4 ,copp]-plate engrav+ 0 presumably adopt$ z a me?od = book-illu/ration = its great] f95ess & precision ( l9e1 & its great] comm& ( complexity 9 detail & *i>oscuro1 = its purely pictorial qualities1 9 %ort1 & its adoption correspond$ to ! p]iod ( ! asc5dancy ( ! pa9t] above o!r k9d ( arti/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,late ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,virgil ,,solis1 ,,bible4 7,,frank=t1 ,,sigm4 ,,feyrab5d1 #aefc47 ,illu/ration3 ,,v5etian ,,s*ool4 ,,late ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,arti/ ,,unkn[n4 7,,v5ice1 ,g4 ,,giolito1 #aefb47 ,z reg>ds ! books ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :ile ( mak+ _m books !re 0 no end1 & h[ev] int]e/+ = o!r ?an arti/ic reasons1 b few w\ld conc]n our imm$iate purpose4 ,woodcuts1 head+s1 initials1 tail-pieces1 & pr9t]s' ornam5ts cont9u$ to be us$1 b greatly inf]ior 9 design & beauty ( effect to ^? ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! copp]-plates introduc$ are q ap>t f ! page ornam5ts1 & c h>dly be consid]$ decorative1 al?\gh 9 ! pomp\s title-pages ( books ( ?is p]iod !y are frequ5tly =mal & ar*itectural en\gh1 &1 z a rule1 f\nd$ m or less ^u ! anci5t ar*es ( triumph ( ,imp]ial ,rome4 ,hi/ories & philosophical works1 especially t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? & beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5turies1 7 embelli%$ ) pomp\s portraits 9 frames ( m or less classical jo9]y1 ) %ields ( arms1 ! worse = ! decorative decl9e ( h]aldry1 und]nea?4 ,! specim5 giv5 is a good "o ( its type f a ,v5etian book ( #aefb1 & gives ! e>li] =m ( ?is k9d ( treatm5t4 ,travels & topographical works increas$1 until by ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury we h !m on ! scale ( ,piranesi's sc5ic views ( ! ar*itecture ( anci5t ,rome4 ,! love ( picturesqu5ess & natural sc5]y1 or1 p]haps1 l&scape g>d5+1 gradually develop+1 conc5trat$ int]e/ on qualities ! anti!sis ( con/ructive & inv5tive design1 & drew ! att5tion m & m away f !m1 until ! pa9t]1 pure & simple1 took all ! arti/ic hon\rs1 & ! days ( ! f\ndation ( academies only confirm$ & fix$ ! idea ( art 9 ?is re/rict$ s5se 9 ! public m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,,hog>?4 ,hog>?1 :o avail$ himself ( ! copp]-plate & publication 9 book =m ( 8 pictures1 0 yet :olly pictorial 9 8 sympa?ies1 & 8 in/9cts 7 dramatic & satiric r ?an decorative4 ,able pa9t] & design] z he 0 9 8 own way1 ! int]e/ ( 8 "w is entirely on t side1 & is r valuable z illu/rat+ ! life & mann]s ( 8 "t ?an z furni%+ examples ( book illu/ration1 & 8 "w c]ta9ly has no decorative aim1 al?\gh no d\bt q h>moni\s 9 an eighte5? c5tury room4 ,sid5ote3 ,,/o?>d4 ,*od[iecki1 :o did a va/ quantity ( /eel frontispieces & illu/rations = books on a small scale1 ) pl5ty ( "*1 mu/ also be reg>d$ r z a mak] ( pictures = books ?an z a book decorator4 ,he is sometimes m5tion$ z k9dr$ 9 /yle to ,/o?>d1 b ,/o?>d 0 mu* m ( an ideali/1 & _h1 too1 a v graceful decorative s5se f ! classical po9t ( view4 ,8 book designs are v num]\s1 *iefly engrav$ on /eel1 & always %[+ a v graceful s5se ( l9e & composition4 ,8 designs to ,rog]s' ,poems1 & ,italy1 are well-kn[n1 &1 9 _! e>li] woodcut =m1 8 gr\ps ( ,amor9i are v *>m+4 ,flaxman _h a high s5se ( sculpturesque /yle & simplicity1 & great feel+ & grace z a design]1 b he c h>dly be reckon$ z a book decorator4 ,8 well-kn[n s]ies to ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 s*ylus1 & ,dante are /rictly di/9ct s]ies ( illu/rative designs1 to be tak5 by !mselves )\t ref]5ce to _! incorporation 91 or relation to1 a pr9t$ book4 ,_! own lett]+ & explanatory text is engrav$ on ! same plate b5ea? !m1 & s f> !y are consi/5t1 b are n 9 any s5se examples ( page treatm5t or spac+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xix? ,,c5tury4 ,,william ,,blake4 ,,songs ,,( ,,innoc5ce1 #aghi4 ,sid5ote3 ,,william ,,blake4 ,we n[ come to a design] ( a v diff]5t type1 a type1 too1 ( a new epo*1 :atev] resemblance 9 /yle & me?od !re may be 9 8 "w to t ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,william ,blake is di/9ct1 & /&s alone4 ,a poet & a se]1 z well z a design]1 9 him seem$ to awake some?+ ( ! _s ( ! old illum9ator4 ,he 0 n cont5t to illu/rate a book by isolat$ copp] or /eel plates ap>t f ! text1 al?\gh 9 8 craft z engrav] he con/antly c>ri$ out ! "w ( o!rs4 ,:5 he came to embody 8 own ?\ghts & dreams1 he recurr$ q spontane\sly to ! me?ods ( ! mak] ( ! ,,ms4 books4 ,he became 8 own calligraph]1 illum9ator & m9iaturi/1 :ile avail+ himself ( ! copp]-plate 7:i* he turn$ into a surface pr9t+ block7 & ! pr9t+ press = ! reproduction ( 8 designs1 & 9 "s cases = produc+ !m 9 t9ts4 ,8 h&-col\r$ draw+s1 ! bord]+s & devices to 8 own poems1 w always be ?+s by !mselves4 ,8 treatm5t ( ! res\rces ( black & :ite1 & s5se ( page decoration1 may be be/ judg$ p]haps by a ref]5ce to 8 ,book ( ,job1 :i* conta9s a f9e s]ies ( sugge/ive & imag9ative designs4 ,we seem to read 9 ,blake some?+ ( ! _s ( ! ,m$ival design]s1 ?r\gh ! sometimes mann]$ & semi-classic =ms & treatm5t1 accord+ to ! ta/e ( 8 "t2 :ile he embodies its m d>+ aspir+ ?\ghts1 & ! desire = simpl] & m humane conditions ( life4 ,a revolution>y fire & f]v\r con/antly breaks out bo? 9 8 v]se & 9 8 designs1 :i* %[ v v>i\s moods & impulses1 & compreh5d a wide range ( p[] & sympa?y4 ,sometimes my/ic & prophetic1 sometimes tragic1 sometimes simple & pa/oral4 ,blake1 9 ^! mix$ elem5ts1 & ! extraord9>y sugge/iv5ess ( 8 "w & ! fre$om ( 8 ?\ght1 seems ne>] to u ?an o!rs ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 8 s5se ( ! decorative treatm5t ( ! page1 too1 8 "w be>s ^u our purpose4 ,9 writ+ ) 8 own h& & 9 8 own "* ! text ( 8 poems1 he ga9$ ! great advantage :i* has be5 spok5 (--( h>mony betwe5 text & illu/ration4 ,!y become a h>moni\s :ole1 9 complete relation4 ,8 woodcuts to ,phillip's ,pa/oral1 ?\gh p]haps r\gh 9 !mselves1 %[ :at a s5se ( col\r he c\ld convey1 & ( ! effective use ( :ite l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,blake4 ,,woodcut ,,f ,,phillip',s ,,pa/oral4 ,sid5ote3 ,,edw>d ,,calv]t4 ,among ! lat] fri5ds & disciples ( ,blake1 a k9dr$ _s mu/ h be5 ,edw>d ,calv]t1 ^: book illu/rations are also decorations2 ! masses ( black & :ite be+ effectively di/ribut$1 & !y are full ( poetic feel+1 imag9ation1 & s5se ( col\r4 ,i am indebt$ = ! fir/ k ( !m to ,mr4 ,william ,blake ,ri*mond1 ^: fa!r1 ,mr4 ,george ,ri*mond1 0 a fri5d ( ,william ,blake & ,calv]t1 z well z ( ,john ,l9nell & ( ,samuel ,palm]1 :o c>ri$ on ! traditions ( ?is ,engli% poetic s*ool to our own times2 especially ! latt]1 ^: imag9ative draw+s--gl[+ sunsets ov] remote hill-tops1 romantic l&scapes1 & pa/oral s5tim5t--7 m>k$ features 9 ! room ( ! ,old ,wat] ,col\r ,society1 up to 8 dea? 9 #ahha4 ,8 et*$ illu/rations to 8 edition ( ,! ,eclogues ( ,virgil1 are a f9e s]ies ( beautifully design$ & poetically conceiv$ l&scapes2 b !y are /rictly a s]ies ( pictures pr9t$ sep>ately f ! text4 ,palm] himself1 9 ! acc\nt ( ! "w giv5 by 8 son1 :5 he 0 plann+ ! "w1 wi%$ t ,william ,blake _h be5 alive to h design$ 8 woodcut head+s to ! ,eclogues4#c #c ,a memoir ( ,edw>d ,calv]t has s9ce be5 publi%$ by 8 son1 fully illu/rat$1 & giv+ ! little engrav+s j spok5 (4 ,!y 7 engrav$ by ,calv]t himself1 x appe>s1 & ,i am indebt$ to 8 son1 ,mr4 ,john ,calv]t1 = p]mission to pr9t !m "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,,?omas ,,bewick4 ,to ,?omas ,bewick & 8 s*ool is due ! revival ( wood-engrav+ z an art1 & its adaptation to book illu/ration1 q di/9ct1 ( c\rse1 f ! old knife-"w on ! plank4 ,bewick _h none ( ! imag9ative poetry ( ! design]s j nam$1 al?\gh pl5ty ( hum\r & satire1 :i* he compress$ into 8 little tail-pieces4 ,he %[s 8 skill z a craftsman 9 ! treatm5t ( ! wood block1 9 su* works z 8 ,briti% ,birds2 b "h1 al?\gh ! wood-engrav+ & type may be said to be 9 me*anical relation1 !re is no s5se ( decorative beauty or ornam5tal spac+ :atev]1 &1 z draw+s1 ! engrav+s h none ( ! design]'s p[] su* z we f\nd 9 ! illu/rations ( ,gesn] & ,mat?iolus at ,basle1 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!re is a v lit]al & pla9 pres5tm5t ( facts z reg>ds ! bird & its plumage1 b ) sc>cely m ?an ! ta/e ( ! av]age /uff] & m\nt] 9 ! composition ( ! picture1 & no reg>d :atev] to ! design ( ! page z a :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xix? ,,c5tury4 ,,edw>d ,,calv]t4 ,,! ,,return ,,home4 ,,! ,,flood4 ,,! ,,*amb] ,,idyll4 ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,blocks ,,design$ ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,on ,,wood ,,by ,,edw>d ,,calv]t4 ,,brixton1 #ahbg-h-i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xix? ,,c5tury4 ,,edw>d ,,calv]t4 ,,! ,,lady ,,& ,,! ,,rooks4 ,,ideal ,,pa/oral ,,life4 ,,! ,,brook4 ,,f ,,! ,,blocks ,,design$ ,,& ,,engrav$ ,,on ,,wood ,,by ,,edw>d ,,calv]t4 ,,brixton1 #ahbg-h-i4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a great po9t to h ass]t$ ! claims ( wood-engrav+1 & demon/rat$ its capabilities z a me?od ( book illu/ration4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,bewick4 ,bewick f\nd$ a s*ool ( v excell5t craftsm51 :o c>ri$ ! art to a wond]ful degree ( f9i%4 ,9 bo? 8 & _! h&s x became q di/9ct f lit]al translation ( ! draw+1 :i*1 unless 9 l9e1 0 treat$ by ! engrav] ) a l9e1 t\*1 & quality all 8 own1 ! use ( :ite l9e1#d & ! r5d]+ ( tone & t9t necessitat+ a c]ta9 p[] ( design on 8 "p1 & giv+ him z important a position z ! engrav] on /eel held 9 reg>d to ! translation ( a pa9t$ picture4 #d ,a /rik+ in/ance ( ! use ( :ite l9e is se5 9 ! title page ,pom]ium de ,tempore1 pr9t$ by ,johann ,otm>1 ,augsburg1 z e>ly z #aejb4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t ?is is a metal engrav+4 ,x is giv5 ov]leaf4 ,su* a book z ,nor?cote's ,fables1 publi%$ #ahbh-bi1 ea* fable hav+ a head-piece drawn on wood f ,nor?cote's design by ,william ,h>vey--a well-kn[n graceful design] & copi\s illu/rator ( books up to comp>atively rec5t times--& ) initial lett]s & tail-pieces ( 8 own1 %[s ! outcome ( ! ,bewick s*ool4 ,f9ally f95ess ( l9e1 tone1 & f9i%--a misus$ ^w1 z ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton says1 0 pref]r$ to ! simple *>m ( tru?4 ,! wood engrav]s appe>$ to be anxi\s to vie ) ! /eel engrav]s 9 ! adornm5t ( books1 & s f> z adaptation 0 conc]n$1 !y _h c]ta9ly all ! advantage on _! side4 ,! ornam5tal s5se1 h[ev]1 _h ev]y:]e decl9$2 pictorial qualities1 f95ess ( l9e1 & delicacy ( tone1 7 s\ght aft] almo/ exclusively4 ,sid5ote3 ,,/o?>d ,,& ,,turn]4 ,su* books z ,rog]s's ,poems & ,italy1 ) vignettes on /eel f ,?omas ,/o?>d & ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 are *>act]i/ic ( ! ta/e ( ! p]iod1 & %[ ab\t ! high-wat] m>k ( ! skill ( ! book engrav]s on /eel4 ,/o?>d's designs are ! only ones :i* h claims to be decorative1 & he is always a graceful design]4 ,turn]'s l&scapes1 exquisite 9 !mselves1 & engrav$ ) m>vell\s delicacy1 d n 9 any s5se decorate ! page1 & f t po9t ( view are m]ely %apeless blots ( pr9t]s' ink ( diff]5t tones ^u x1 :ile ! lett]press be>s no relation :atev] to ! picture 9 me?od ( pr9t+ or design1 & has no indep5d5t beauty ( its own4 ,book illu/rations ( ?is type--& x 0 a type :i* l>gely prevail$ dur+ ! second qu>t] ( ! c5tury--are simply pictures )\t frames4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]man ,,s*ool4 ,,xvi? ,,c5tury4 ,,johann ,,otm>4 7,,augsburg1 #aejb47 ,sid5ote3 ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton4 ,no survey ( book illu/ration w\ld be complete :i* conta9$ no m5tion ( ,william ,james ,l9ton--:om ,i h already quot$4 ,i may be all[$ to speak ( him ) a peculi> reg>d & respect1 z ,i may claim him z a v k9d e>ly fri5d & ma/]4 ,z a boy ,i 01 9 fact1 appr5tic$ to him = ! space ( ?ree ye>s1 n inde$ ) ! object ( wield+ ! grav]1 b r ) t ( le>n+ ! craft ( a draughtsman on wood4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 0 be=e ! days ( ! use ( photography1 :i* has s9ce practically revolutioniz$ ! sy/em n only ( draw+ = books b ( engrav+ also4 ,x 0 !n necess>y to draw on ! block itself1 & to ?or\ghly und]/& :at k9d ( "w c\ld be treat$ by ! engrav]4 ,i %all always reg>d ^? e>ly ye>s 9 ,mr4 ,l9ton's (fice z ( great value to me1 z1 despite *anges ( me?od & new inv5tions1 x gave me a ?or\gh k ( ! me*anical conditions ( wood-engrav+ at any rate1 & has implant$ a s5se ( necess>y relation%ip betwe5 design1 mat]ial1 & me?od ( production--( art & craft1 9 fact--:i* _c be lo/1 & has _h its effect 9 _m ways4 ,mr4 ,l9ton1 too1 is himself a notable hi/oric l9k1 c>ry+ on ! lamp ( ! old] traditions ( wood-engrav+ to ^! deg5]ate days1 :5 :atev] wond]s ( lit]al translation1 & imitation ( *alk1 *>coal1 or palette & bru%es1 x has exhibit$ "u spell ( ,am]ican ent]prise--& ,i am f> f d5y+ its a*ievem5ts z su*--x _c be said to h pres]v$ ! di/9ction & indep5d5ce ( ! engrav] z an arti/ or orig9al design] 9 any s5se4 ,:5 n ext+ui%$ altoge!r by "s =m ( automatic reproductive process1 he is r$uc$ to ! (fice ( process-s]v]--he becomes ! slave ( ! pictorial arti/4 ,! picturesque sket*] loves 8 bits & effects1 :i*1 moreov]1 h[ev] s5sational & sp>kl+ !y may be 9 !mselves1 h no ref]5ce z a rule to ! decoration ( ! page1 be+ 9 ?is s5se no m ?an m or less adroit spla%es ( ink ^u x1 :i* ! text1 torn into an irregul>ly ragg$ edge1 seems in/9ctively to %r9k f t\*+1 squeez+ itself toge!r l ! pass5g]s 9 a cr[d$ omnibus might d1 reluctantly to admit a *imney-sweep4 ,:ile1 by 8 e>ly tra9+ & practice1 he is unit$ ) ! ,bewick s*ool1 ,mr4 ,l9ton--himself a poet1 a social & political ?9k]1 a s*ol>1 z well z design] & engrav]--hav+ be5 associat$ ) ! be/-kn[n engrav]s & design]s = books dur+ ! middle ( ! c5tury1 & hav+ _h art ( su* a diff]5t temp] & t5d5cy z t ( ,rossetti pass ?r\gh 8 h&s1 & se5 ! effect ( _m new impulses1 is f9ally face to face ) :at he himself has call$ ! ,am]ican ,new ,dep>ture4 ,he is !re=e peculi>ly & em95tly qualifi$ = ! "w to :i* he has address$ himself--8 great "w on ,! ,ma/]s ( ,wood ,engrav+1 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahhi1 & is 9 e way complete z a hi/ory1 le>n$ 9 te*nique1 & sumptu\s z a book4 ,i h n m5tion$ ,gu/ave ,dor1 :o fills s l>ge a space z an illu/rator ( books1 because ?\gh possess$ ( a weird imag9ation1 & a poetic feel+ = dramatic l&scapes & grotesque *>act]s1 z well z extraord9>y pictorial inv5tion1 ! mass ( 8 "w is purely sc5ic1 & he nev] %[s ! decorative s5se1 or consid]s ! design 9 relation to ! page4 ,8 be/ & mo/ spirit$ & s9c]e "w is repres5t$ by 8 designs 9 ! ,contes ,drolatiques4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,pre-,,raphaelites4 ,! new movem5t 9 pa9t+ 9 ,engl&1 kn[n z ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 :i* dates f ab\t ! middle ye>s ( our c5tury1 0 9 e way s rem>kable & f>-rea*+1 t x is n surpris+ t x %\ld leave its m>k ^u ! illu/rations ( books2 p>ticul>ly ^u t =m ( luxury kn[n z ! mod]n gift-book1 :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( ! tw5ty ye>s foll[+ #ahej1 (t5 took ! %ape ( selections f or editions ( ! poets pl5tifully spr9kl$ ) little pictorial vignettes engrav$ on wood4 ,birket ,fo/]1 ,john ,gilb]t1 & ,john ,t5niel 7 lead+ contributors to ^! collections4 ,9 #aheg appe>$ an edition ( ,t5nyson's ,poems f ! h\se ( ,moxon4 ,?is "w1 :ile hav+ ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! prevail+ ta/e--an accid5tal collection ( designs1 ! "w ( design]s ( v>y+ degrees ( sub/ance1 temp]1 & feel+1 casually arrang$1 & )\t ! slighte/ feel+ = page decoration or h>mony ( text & illu/ration--yet possess$ "o rem>kable feature :i* gives x a di/9ction among o!r collections1 9 t x conta9s c]ta9 designs ( ! *ief lead]s ( ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti1 ,millais & ,holman ,hunt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti4 ,,f ,,t5nyson',s ,,poems4 7,,moxon1 #aheg47 ,i give "o ( ! ,rossetti designs1 ,sir ,galahad2 ! ,s4 ,cecilia & ! ,morte d',ar?ur 7 engrav$ by ! ,bro!rs ,dalziel1 ! ,sir ,galahad by ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton4 ,x seems to me t ! la/ gives ! _s & feel+ ( ,rossetti1 z well z 8 peculi> t\*1 f> m successfully4 ,^! designs1 9 _! poetic imag9ation1 _! ri*ness ( detail1 s5se ( col\r1 passionate1 my/ic1 & romantic feel+1 & e>ne/ness ( expression m>k a new epo*4 ,!y are decorative 9 !mselves1 &1 ?\gh q di/9ct 9 feel+1 & orig9al1 !y are m ak9 to ! "w ( ! ,m$ival m9iaturi/ ?an any?+ t _h be5 se5 s9ce 8 days4 ,ev5 "h1 h[ev]1 !re is no attempt to consid] ! page or to make ! type h>monize ) ! picture1 or to connect x by any bord]+ or device ) ! book z a :ole1 & be+ s&wi*$ ) draw+s ( a v diff]5t t5d5cy1 _! effect is mu* spoil$4 ,9 "o or two o!r in/ances :]e ,rossetti l5t 8 h& to book illu/ration1 h[ev]1 he is fully m9dful ( ! decorative effect ( ! page4 ,i rememb] a title page to a book ( poems by ,miss ,*ri/9a ,rossetti1 ,gobl9 ,m>ket1 :i* emphatically %[$ ?is4 ,! title-page design$ = 8 ,e>ly ,italian ,poets 7giv5 "h71 & 8 sonnet on ! sonnet too1 9 :i* ! design encloses ! text ( ! poem1 writt5 out by himself1 are o!r in/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dante ,,gabriel ,,rossetti4 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,title ,,page4 ,sid5ote3 ,,dalziel',s ,,bible ,,gall]y4 ,"s ( ! designs made = a lat] "w 7,dalziel's ,bible ,gall]y1 ab\t #ahfe-gj7 also %[ ! effect ( ! pre-,raphaelite influ5ce1 z well z1 9 ! case ( ! designs ( ,sir ,fr$]ic ,leighton & ,mr4 ,poynt]1 ! influ5ce ( ,cont95tal ideas & tra9+4 ,i saw "s ( ^! draw+s on ! wood at ! "t1 ,i rememb]4 ,= /udy & rese>*1 & ri*ness ( res\rce 9 ar*ological detail1 z well z firmness ( draw+1 ,i ?\ght ,mr4 ,poynt]'s designs 7 p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,a /rik+ly realiz$ picture1 & a bright & successful wood-engrav+1 is ,=d ,madox ,br[n's design ( ,elijah & ! ,wid['s ,son4 ,!re is a dramatic int5sity ( expression ab\t 8 o!r "o also1 ,! ,dea? ( ,eglon4 ,/ill1 at be/1 we f9d t ^! are b c>efully /udi$ pictures r5d]$ on ! wood4 ,! pre-,raphaelite designs %[ ! mo/ decorative s5se1 b !y are n[ issu$ q di/9ct f ! page1 :atev] 0 ! orig9al int5tion1 & :ile !y may1 z to scale & treatm5t1 be ju/ly consid]$ z book illu/rations1 & z examples ( our m important ef=ts 9 t direction at t "t1 !y are n page decorations4 ,"o may speak "h ( an admirable arti/ we h lo/1 ,mr4 ,alb]t ,moore1 :o s di/+ui%$ himself = 8 ref9$ decorative s5se 9 pa9t+1 & ! outl9e gr\p ( figures giv5 "h %[s t he felt ! conditions ( ! book page & ! press also4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alb]t ,,moore4 ,,f ,,milton',s ,,ode ,,on ,,*ri/',s ,,nativity4 7,,nisbet1 #ahfg47 ,sid5ote3 ,,h5ry ,,holiday4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,holiday is also a decorative arti/ ( great ref9em5t & facility4 ,he has n done v mu* 9 book illu/ration1 b 8 illu/rations to ,lewis ,c>roll's ,hunt+ ( ! ,sn>k 7 admirable4 ,8 decorative feel+ 9 black & :ite1 h[ev]1 is m>k$1 z may be se5 9 ! title to ,aglaia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,holiday4 ,,cov] ,,= ,a ,,magaz9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,,toy ,,books4 ,z1 until rec5tly1 ,i suppose ,i 0 sc>cely kn[n out ( ! nurs]y1 x is meet t ,i %\ld (f] "s rem>ks ^u *ildr5's books4 ,"h1 und\bt$ly1 !re has be5 a rem>kable developm5t & great activity ( late ye>s4 ,we all rememb] ! little cuts t adorn$ ! books ( our *ildhood4 ,! ineffaceable quality ( ^! e>ly pictorial & lit]>y impressions af=d ! /ronge/ plea = good art 9 ! nurs]y & ! s*oolroom4 ,e *ild1 "o might say e human be+1 takes 9 m ?r\gh 8 eyes ?an 8 e>s1 & ,i ?9k mu* m advantage might be tak5 ( ?is fact4 ,if ,i may be p]sonal1 let me say t my fir/ ef=ts 9 *ildr5's books 7 made 9 association ) ,mr4 ,edmund ,evans4 ,"h1 aga91 ,i 0 =tunate to be 9 association ) ! craft ( col\r-pr9t+1 & ,i got to und]/& its possibilities4 ,! books = babies1 curr5t at t "t--ab\t #ahfe to #ahgj--( ! *eap] sort call$ toy books 7 n v inspirit+4 ,^! 7 g5]ally c>eless & unimag9ative woodcuts1 v casually col\r$ by h&1 dabs ( p9k & em]ald gre5 be+ laid on across faces & frocks ) a some:at reckless aim4 ,!re 0 practically no *oice betwe5 su* z ^! & *eap ,g]man highly-col\r$ li?ographs4 ,! only attempt at decoration ,i rememb] 0 a set ( col\r$ designs to nurs]y rhymes by ,mr4 ,h4 ,s4 ,m>ks1 :i* _h be5 orig9ally int5d$ = cab9et panels4 ,bold outl9es & flat t9ts 7 us$4 ,mr4 ,m>ks has (t5 %[n 8 decorative s5se 9 book illu/ration & pr9t$ designs 9 col\r1 b ,i h n be5 able to obta9 any = ?is book4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! influ5ce ( "s ,japanese pr9t$ pictures giv5 to me by a lieut5ant 9 ! navy1 :o _h br\ght !m home f !re z curiosities1 :i* ,i believe1 ?\gh ,i drew inspiration f _m s\rces1 gave ! real impulse to t treatm5t 9 /rong outl9es1 & flat t9ts & solid blacks1 :i* ,i adopt$ ) v>iations 9 books ( ?is k9d f t "t 7ab\t #ahgj7 onw>ds4 ,s9ce !n ,i h _h _m rivals = ! fav\r ( ! nurs]y con/itu5cy1 notably my late fri5d ,r&olph ,caldecott1 & ,miss ,kate ,gre5away1 ?\gh 9 bo? cases _! aim lies m 9 ! direction ( "* /udy1 & _! "w is m ( a pictorial "* ?an /rictly decorative4 ,! little preface head+ f 8 ,bracebridge ,hall gives a good idea ( ,caldecott's /yle :5 8 aim 0 *iefly decorative4 ,miss ,gre5away is ! mo/ di/9ctly s p]haps 9 ! treatm5t ( "s ( h] cal5d>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r&olph ,,caldecott4 ,,headpiece ,,to ,,bracebridge ,,hall4 7,,macmillan1 #ahgg47 ,illu/ration3 ,,kate ,,gre5away4 ,,key ,,block ,,( ,,title-,,page ,,( ,,"m ,,goose4 7,,r\tl$ge1 ,n4,d47 ,sid5ote3 ,,*ildr5',s ,,books4 ,*ildr5's books & s-call$ *ildr5's books hold a peculi> position4 ,!y are attractive to design]s ( an imag9ative t5d5cy1 = 9 a sob] & matt]-(-fact age !y af=d p]haps ! only outlet = unre/rict$ flights ( fancy op5 to ! mod]n illu/rator1 :o likes to revolt aga9/ ! despotism ( facts4 ,:ile on *ildr5's books1 ! poetic feel+ 9 ! designs ( ,e4 ,v4 ,b4 may be m5tion$1 & ,i m9d me ( "s *>m+ illu/rations to a book ( ,mr4 ,george ,macdonald's1 ,at ! ,back ( ! ,nor? ,w9d1 design$ by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,hughes1 :o 9 ^! & o!r wood engrav$ designs %[s1 no less ?an 9 8 pa9t+s1 h[ ref9$ & sympa!tic an arti/ he is4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bateman1 too1 design$ "s *>m+ little woodcuts1 full ( poetic feel+ & controll$ by unusual ta/e4 ,!y 7 us$ 9 ,macmillan's ,art at ,home s]ies1 ?\gh n1 ,i believe1 orig9ally int5d$ = x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar?ur ,,hughes4 ,,f ,,at ,,! ,,back ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,w9d4 7,,/rahan1 #ahga47 ,sid5ote3 ,,japanese ,,influ5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,,japanese ,,illu/ration4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! op5+ ( ,japanese ports to ,we/]n comm]ce1 :atev] its aft] effects--includ+ its effect ^u ! arts ( ,japan itself--has _h an enorm\s influ5ce on ,european & ,am]ican art4 ,japan is1 or 01 a c\ntry v mu*1 z reg>ds its arts & h&icrafts ) ! exception ( ar*itecture1 9 ! condition ( a ,european c\ntry 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ) wond]fully skill$ arti/s & craftsm5 9 all mann] ( "w ( ! decorative k9d1 :o 7 "u ! influ5ce ( a free & in=mal naturalism4 ,"h at lea/ 0 a liv+ art1 an art ( ! p1 9 :i* traditions & craftsman%ip 7 unbrok51 & ! results full ( attractive v>iety1 quickness1 & naturali/ic =ce4 ,:at wond] t x took ,we/]n arti/s by /orm1 & t its effects h become s pat5t1 ?\gh n always happy1 ev] s9ce4 ,we see unmi/akable traces ( ,japanese influ5ces1 h[ev]1 almo/ ev]y:]e--f ! ,p>isian impressioni/ pa9t] to ! ,japanese fan 9 ! corn] ( trade circul>s1 :i* %[s x has be5 adopt$ z a /ock pr9t]s' ornam5t4 ,we see x 9 ! sket*y blots & l9es1 & vignett$ naturali/ic fl[]s :i* are sometimes (f]$ z page decorations1 notably 9 ,am]ican magaz9es & fa%ionable et*+s4 ,we h caught ! vices ( ,japanese art c]ta9ly1 ev5 if we h assimilat$ "s ( ! virtues4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar?ur ,,hughes4 ,,f ,,at ,,! ,,back ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,w9d4 7,,/rahan1 #ahga47 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any really noble ar*itecture or sub/antial con/ructive s5se1 ! ,japanese arti/s are n safe guides z design]s4 ,!y may be able to ?r[ a spray ( leaves or a bird or fi% across a blank panel or %eet ( pap]1 draw+ !m ) su* consummate skill & c]ta9ty t x may delude u into ! belief t x is decorative design2 b if an arti/ ( less skill essays to d ! l ! mi/ake becomes obvi\s4 ,grant$ !y h a decorative s5se--! f9esse :i* goes to ! plac+ ( a fl[] 9 a pot1 ( hang+ a g>l& on a wall1 or ( plac+ a mat or a fan--ta/e1 9 %ort1 t is a diff]5t ?+ f real con/ructive p[] ( design1 & satisfactory fill+ ( spaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,bateman4 ,,f ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4 7,,macmillan1 #ahgf47 ,:5 we come to _! books1 !re=e1 m>vell\s z !y are1 & full ( beauty & sugge/ion--ap>t f _! naturalism1 grotesqu]ie1 & hum\r--!y d n furni% f9e examples ( page decoration z a rule4 ,! fact t _! text is writt5 v]tically1 h[ev]1 mu/ be all[$ =4 ,?is1 inde$1 conv]ts _! page into a panel1 & _! pr9t$ books become r :at we %\ld consid] sets ( designs = decorat+ light panels1 & extremely *>m+ z su*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,bateman4 ,,f ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4 7,,macmillan1 #ahgg47 ,^! draw+s ( ,hokusai's 7see ,nos4 #aj & #aa1 ,app5dix71 ! mo/ vigor\s & prolific ( ! m mod]n & popul> s*ool1 are /rik+ en\gh & f9e en\gh1 9 _! own way1 & ! decorative s5se is nev] abs5t2 controll$1 too1 by ! d>k bord]-l9e1 !y d fill ! page1 :i* is n ! case always ) ! fl[]s & birds4 ,h[ev]1 ,i believe ^! holes1 blanks1 & spaces to let are only tol]able 9 a book because ! draw+ :]e x does occur is s skilful 7except :]e ! effect is int5tionally op5 & light72 & f tol]at+ we gr[ to l !m1 ,i suppose1 & take !m = signs ( ma/]y & decorative skill4 ,9 _! small] appli$ ornam5tal designs1 h[ev]1 ! ,japanese (t5 %[ !mselves fully aw>e ( a sy/ematic plan or geometric base3 & !re is usually "s hidd5 geometric relation ( l9e 9 "s ( _! app>5tly accid5tal compositions4 ,_! books ( cre/s & patt]n plans %[ inde$ a c>eful /udy ( geometric %apes1 & _! controll+ influ5ce 9 design+4 ,sid5ote3 ,,japanese ,,pr9t+4 ,z reg>ds ! hi/ory & use ( pr9t+1 ! ,japanese _h x f ! ,*9ese1 :o inv5t$ ! art ( pr9t+ f wood5 blocks 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,we h no record1 says ,pr(essor ,d\glas1#e z to ! date :5 metal type 0 fir/ us$ 9 ,*9a1 b we f9d ,korean books pr9t$ z e>ly z #acag ) movable clay or wood5 type1 & j a c5tury lat] we h a record ( a f\nt ( metal type be+ ca/ to pr9t an ',epitome ( ! ,eighte5 ,hi/orical ,records ( ,*9a4' ,pr9t+ is suppos$ to h be5 adopt$ 9 ,japan aft] ! fir/ invasion ( ! ,korea by ! armies ( ,hideyo%i1 9 ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 l>ge quantities ( movable type books 7 br\ght back by "o ( 8 g5]als1 :i* =m$ ! model ^u :i* ! ,japanese work$4#f #e ,guide to ! ,*9ese & ,japanese ,illu/rat$ ,books 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #f ,sat[4 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ 9 ,japan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,bateman4 ,,f ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4 7,,macmillan1 #ahgf47 ,i h m5tion$ ! ,am]ican developm5t ( wood-engrav+4 ,its application to magaz9e illu/ration seems c]ta9ly to h develop$ or to h occurr$ ) ! appe>ance ( v clev] draughtsm5 f ! picturesque & lit]al po9t ( view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,bateman4 ,,f ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se4 7,,macmillan1 #ahgf47 ,sid5ote3 ,,joseph ,,p5nell4 ,! admirable & delicate ar*itectural & l&scape draw+s ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,p5nell1 = in/ance1 are well kn[n1 &1 z purely illu/rative "w1 fre%1 crisp 9 draw+1 & orig9al 9 treatm5t1 giv+ ess5tial po9ts ( topography & local *>act]i/ics 7) a happy if (t5 qua9t & unexpect$ selection ( po9t ( view1 & pictorial limits71 x w\ld be difficult to f9d _! mat*1 b v small consid]ation or consci\sness is %[n = ! page4 ,if he w p>don my say+ s1 9 "s in/ances ! illu/rations are1 or us$ to be1 (t5 d>+ly driv5 ?r\gh ! text1 scatt]+ x "r & left1 l ! effect ( a coa* & f\r ^u a flock ( %eep4 ,9 "s ( 8 m rec5t "w1 notably 9 8 bold] draw+s su* z ^? 9 ! ,daily ,*ronicle1 he appe>s to h consid]$ ! type relation mu* m1 & %[s1 especially 9 "s ( 8 skies1 a feel+ = a radiat+ arrangem5t ( l9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,,am]ican ,,draughtsm54 ,our ,am]ican c\s9s h taught u ano!r mode ( treatm5t 9 magaz9e pages4 ,x is :at ,i h else:]e describ$ z ! c>d-basket /yle4 ,a numb] ( naturali/ic sket*es are ?r[n accid5tally toge!r1 ! upp] ones hid+ ! "u ones p>tly1 & to give v>iety ! corn] is occasionally turn$ d[n4 ,!re has be5 a great run on ?is idea ( late ye>s1 b ,i fancy x is a c>d trick ab\t play$ out4 ,h[ev] op9ions may v>y1 ,i ?9k !re _c be a d\bt t 9 ,elihu ,v$d] we h an in/ance ( an ,am]ican arti/ ( great imag9ative p[]s1 & und\bt$ly a design] ( orig9ality & =ce4 ,?is is suffici5tly prov$ f 8 l>ge "w--! illu/rations to ! ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayyam4 ,al?\gh ! designs h no ,p]sian "* ab\t !m :i* "o w\ld h ?\ght ! poem & its imag]y w\ld naturally h sugge/$1 yet !y are a f9e s]ies1 & %[ mu* decorative s5se & dramatic p[]1 & are q mod]n 9 feel+4 ,8 designs = ! cov] ( ,! ,c5tury ,magaz9e %[ ta/e & decorative feel+ 9 ! comb9ation ( figures ) lett]+4 ,mr4 ,edw9 ,abbey is ano!r able arti/1 :o has %[n consid]able c>e = 8 illu/rat$ page1 9 "s cases supply+ 8 own lett]+2 ?\gh he has be5 gr[+ m pictorial ( late3 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,p>sons also1 ?\gh he too (t5 seems m drawn to ! picture ?an ! decoration4 ,mr4 ,heywood ,sumn] %[s a *>m+ decorative s5se & imag9ative feel+1 z well z hum\r4 ,on ! purely ornam5tal side1 ! accompli%$ decorations ( ,mr4 ,lewis ,day exhibit bo? ornam5tal range & res\rce1 :i*1 ?\gh 9 g5]al devot$ to o!r objects1 are conspicu\s en\gh 9 c]ta9 admirable book & magaz9e cov]s he has design$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,heywood ,,sumn]4 ,,f ,,/ories ,,= ,,*ildr51 ,,by ,,frances ,m4 ,,pe>d4 7,,all51 #ahif47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,ke5e4 ,,illu/ration ,,to ,,! ,,good ,,fight4 7,,once ,a ,,week1 #ahei47 7,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,bradbury1 ,agnew & ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,heywood ,,sumn]4 ,,f ,,/ories ,,= ,,*ildr51 ,,by ,f4 ,m4 ,,pe>d4 7,,all51 #ahif47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e4 ,! ,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 "u ,mr4 ,comyns ,c>r's editor%ip1 by its use ( bo? old & mod]n head+s1 initials & ornam5ts1 did some?+ t[>ds enc\rag+ ! ta/e = decorative design 9 books4 ,among ! arti/s :o design$ pages !re9 %\ld be nam$ ,h5ry ,ryl& & ,l\is ,davis1 bo? %[+ graceful ornam5tal feel+1 ! *ildr5 ( ! latt] arti/ be+ v *>m+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,davis4 ,,f ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e 7#ahib74 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,ryl&4 ,,f ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e 7#ahid74 ,b x w\ld ne$ mu* m space to attempt to d ju/ice to ! ability ( my contempor>ies1 especially 9 ! purely illu/rative division1 ?an ,i am able to give4 ,sid5ote3 ,,once ,a ,,week4 ,! able arti/s ( ,pun*1 h[ev]1 f ,john ,lee* to ,l9ley ,samb\rne1 h done mu* to keep alive a vigor\s /yle ( draw+ 9 l9e1 :i*1 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,samb\rne1 is unit$ ) great inv5tion1 graphic =ce1 & design+ p[]4 ,9 speak+ ( ,pun*1 "o ought n to =get ei!r ! important "p play$ by ,once a ,week 9 introduc+ _m fir/-rate arti/s 9 l9e4 ,9 its e>ly days we _h ,*>les ,ke5e illu/rat+ ,*>les ,reade's ,good ,fight1 ) mu* feel+ = ! decorative effect ( ! old ,g]man woodcut4 ,su* admirable arti/s z ,m4 ,j4 ,lawless & ,fr$]ick ,s&ys--! latt] especially di/+ui%$ = 8 spl5did l9e draw+s 9 ,once a ,week & ,! ,cornhill2 "o ( 8 f9e/ is "h giv51 ,! ,old ,*>ti/1 :i* accompani$ a poem by ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?4 ,inde$1 x is impossible to speak too highly ( ,mr4 ,s&ys' draughtsman%ip & p[] ( expression by means ( l9e2 he is "o ( our mod]n ,engli% ma/]s :o has nev]1 ,i ?9k1 _h ju/ice done to him4 ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,,s&ys4 ,,! ,,old ,,*>ti/4 7,,once ,a ,,week1 #ahfa47 ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,j4 ,,lawless4 ,,dead ,,love4 7,,once ,a ,,week1 #ahfb47 ,i c only j briefly allude to c]ta9 p[]ful & orig9al mod]n design]s ( ,g]many1 :]e inde$1 ! old vigor\s traditions ( woodcut & illu/rative draw+ seem to h be5 kept m unbrok5 ?an else:]e4 ,on ! purely "*-draw+1 pictorial & illu/rative side1 !re is ( c\rse ,m5zel1 ?or\ghly mod]n1 reali/ic1 & dramatic4 ,i am ?9k+ m p]haps ( su* m5 z ,alfr$ ,re!l1 ^: designs ( ,dea? ! ,fri5d & ,dea? ! ,enemy1 two l>ge woodcuts1 are well kn[n4 ,i rememb] also a v /rik+ s]ies ( designs ( 81 a k9d ( mod]n ,dance ( ,dea?1 :i* appe>$ ab\t #ahdh1 ,i ?9k4 ,s*w9d is ano!r ^: designs to folk tales are ?or\ghly ,g]man 9 _s & imag9ation1 & /yle ( draw+4 ,osc> ,plets*1 too1 is rem>kable = 8 feel+ = village life & *ildr51 & _m ( 8 illu/rations h be5 reproduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,m rec5t evid5ce1 & m directly 9 ! decorative direction1 ( ! vig\r & ornam5tal skill ( ,g]man design]s1 is to be f\nd 9 ^? picturesque cal5d>s1 design$ by ,otto ,hupp1 :i* come f ,muni*1 & %[ some?+ v l ! old feel+ ( ,burgmair1 especially 9 ! treatm5t ( ! h]aldry4 ,i h v5tur$ to give a page or two "h f my own books1 ,grimm1 ,! ,sir5s ,?ree1 & o!rs1 :i* s]ve at lea/ to %[ two v diff]5t k9ds ( page treatm5t4 ,9 ! ,grimm ! picture is inclos$ 9 =mal & rectangul> l9es1 ) m$allions ( fl[]s at ! f\r corn]s1 ! title & text be+ writt5 on scrolls above & bel[4 ,9 ,! ,sir5s ,?ree a mu* fre] & m purely ornam5tal treatm5t is adopt$1 & a bold] & m op5 l9e4 ,a ?ird1 ! frontispiece ( ,! ,necklace ( ,pr9cess ,fiorimonde1 by ,miss de ,morgan1 is m ( a simple pictorial treatm5t1 ?\gh /rictly decorative 9 its s*eme ( l9e & mass4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,photography4 ,! facile me?ods ( photographic-automatic reproduction c]ta9ly give an opportunity to ! design] to write out 8 own text 9 ! "* t pleases him1 & t accords ) 8 design1 & s make 8 page a consi/5t :ole f a decorative po9t ( view1 & ,i v5ture to ?9k :5 ?is is done a unity ( effect is ga9$ = ! page n possible 9 any o!r way4 ,inde$1 ! photograph1 ) all its alli$ discov]ies & its application to ! s]vice ( ! pr9t+ press1 may be said to be z important a discov]y 9 its effects on art & books z 0 ! discov]y ( pr9t+ itself4 ,x has already l>gely trans=m$ ! sy/em ( ! production ( illu/rations & designs = books1 magaz9es1 & newspap]s1 & has c]ta9ly be5 ! means ( secur+ to ! arti/ ! advantage ( possession ( 8 orig9al1 :ile its fidelity1 9 ! be/ processes1 is1 ( c\rse1 v valuable4 ,its influ5ce1 h[ev]1 on arti/ic /yle & treatm5t has be51 to my m9d1 ( m d\btful advantage4 ,! effect on pa9t+ is palpable en\gh1 b s f> z pa9t+ becomes photographic1 ! advantage is on ! side ( ! photograph4 ,x has l$ 9 illu/rative "w to ! me?od ( pa9t+ 9 black & :ite1 :i* has tak5 ! place v mu* ( ! use ( l9e1 & ?r\gh ?is1 & by reason ( its hav+ fo/]$ & enc\rag$ a diff]5t way ( reg>d+ nature--f ! po9t ( view ( accid5tal aspect1 light & %ade1 & tone--x has confus$ & det]iorat$1 ,i ?9k1 ! faculty ( inv5tive design1 & ! s5se ( ornam5t & l9e2 hav+ conc5trat$ arti/ic int]e/ on ! lit]al realization ( c]ta9 aspects ( sup]ficial facts1 & in/antane\s impressions in/ead ( ideas1 & ! ab/ract treatm5t ( =m & l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,f ,,grimm',s ,,h\sehold ,,/ories4 7,,macmillan1 #ahhb47 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,frontispiece4 ,,pr9cess ,,fiorimonde 7,,macmillan1 #ahhj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,! ,,sir5s ,,?ree ,,op5+ ,,page4 7,,macmillan1 #ahhf47 ,sid5ote3 ,a ,,decorative ,,ideal4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may be z mu* ! t5d5cy ( an age z ! result ( photographic inv5tion1 al?\gh ! influ5ce ( ! photograph mu/ c\nt z "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful factors ( t t5d5cy4 ,?\ght & vision divide ! _w ( art betwe5 !m--our ?\ghts foll[ our vision1 our vision is influ5c$ by our ?\ghts4 ,a book may be ! home ( bo? ?\ght & vision4 ,speak+ figuratively1 9 reg>d to book decoration1 "s are cont5t ) a r\gh %anty 9 ! woods1 & c>e only to get z close to nature 9 h] m sup]ficial aspects z !y c4 ,o!rs w\ld surr\nd _! h\se ) a g>d5 inde$1 b !y dem& some?+ l an ar*itectural plan4 ,!y w\ld look at a frontispiece l a faade2 !y w\ld take hospitable enc\ragem5t f ! title-page z f a fri5dly inscription ov] ! por*2 !y w\ld hang a votive wrea? at ! d$ication1 & s pass on into ! hall ( welcome1 take ! au?or by ! h& & be l$ by him & 8 arti/ f room to room1 z page aft] page is turn$1 fairly deck$ & adorn$ ) picture1 & ornam5t1 & device2 &1 p]haps1 f9d+ x a dwell+ aft] 8 desire1 ! gue/ is cont5t to re/ 9 ! +le nook 9 ! firelight ( ! _s ( ! au?or or ! play ( fancy ( ! arti/2 &1 weav+ dreams 9 ! *ang+ lights & %ad[s1 to =get life's r\gh way & ! tempe/u\s _w outside4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,rec5t ,,developm5t ,,( ,,decorative ,,book ,,illu/ration ,,& ,,! ,,mod]n ,,revival ,,( ,,pr9t+ ,,z ,,an ,,art4 ,s9ce ! ?ree ,cantor ,lectures1 :i* =m ! sub/ance ( ! =ego+ *apt]s1 7 deliv]$ by me at ! rooms ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 "s six or sev5 ye>s h elaps$1 & !y h be5 rem>kable = a pron\nc$ revival ( activity & int]e/ 9 ! art ( ! pr9t] & ! decorative illu/rator1 ! pap]-mak]1 ! b9d]1 & all ! crafts connect$ ) ! production ( ta/eful & ornate books4 ,publi%]s & pr9t]s h %[n a desire to return to simpl] & e>li] /&>ds ( ta/e1 & 9 ! *oice & arrangem5t ( ! type to take a leaf out ( ! book ( "s ( ! e>ly pr(essors ( ! craft4 ,!re has be5 a passion = tall copies & h&made pap]2 = delicate b9d+s1 & fir/ editions4 ,!re has gr[n up1 too1 q a lit]ature ab\t ! mak+ ( ! book beautiful--:]e( ! ,ex-,libris ,s]ies alone is witness4 ,we h1 besides1 ! hi/ory ( ,e>ly ,pr9t$ ,books by ,mr4 ,gordon ,duff1 ( ,e>ly ,illu/rat$ ,books by ,mr4 ,poll>d4 ,! ,book-plate has be5 look$ aft] by ,mr4 ,eg]ton ,ca/le1 & by a ho/ ( eag] collectors ev] s9ce4 ,mr4 ,p5nell is well kn[n z ! tutel>y g5ius :o takes *>ge ( illu/rators1 & disc\rses ^u !m at l>ge1 & ,mr4 ,/range bids u1 none too soon1 to become acqua9t$ ) our alphabets4 ,i h n yet he>d ( any speciali/ tak+ up 8 p>able ^u end pap]s1 b1 altoge!r1 ! book has nev] p]haps _h s mu* writ+ outside ( x1 z x 71 be=e4 ,sid5ote3 ,,mod]n ,,typography4 ,a brilliant b& ( illu/rators & ornam5ti/s h appe>$1 too1 & ne>ly e mon? or s we he> ( a new g5ius 9 black & :ite1 :o is to eclipse all o!rs4 ,= all t1 ev5 9 ! d>k ages1 betwe5 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury & ! e>ly eighties1 "o or two pr9t]s or publi%]s ( ta/e h f "t to "t attempt$ to re/ra9 ! wild excesses ( ! trade-pr9t]1 ) 8 t]ribly monoton\s novelties 9 f\nts ( type1 alt]nately %\t+ or :isp]+1 anon 9 ! cru%+ & aggressive heav9ess ( block capitals1 & n[ 9 ! att5uat$ droop ( italics4 ,sad havoc has be5 play$ ) ! decorative dignity ( ! page1 inde$1 z well z ) ! =m & bre$ ( roman & go?ic lett]s3 "o might h imag9$ t "s mis*iev\s pr9t]'s devil _h ?r[n ! apple ( discord among ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 s +5i\sly ugly 7 s _m mod]n s-call$ fancy types4 ,we h _h good "w f ! ,ed9burgh h\ses1 f ,messrs4 ,r4 & ,r4 ,cl>k1 & ,messrs4 ,con/able1 & 9 ,london f ! ,*iswick ,press1 = in/ance1 ev] s9ce ! old days ( its connection ) ! ta/eful & well pr9t$ volumes f ! h\se ( ,pick]+4 ,v>i\s arti/s1 too1 9 association ) _! book designs1 f ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti onw>ds1 h design$ _! own lett]+ to be 9 decorative h>mony ) _! designs4 ,! ,c5tury ,guild1 ) its ,hobby ,horse & its arti/s1 l ,mr4 ,horne & ,mr4 ,selwyn ,image1 did mu* to keep alive true ta/e 9 pr9t+ & book decoration1 :5 !y 7 b little und]/ood4#g ,!re h be5 pr9t]s1 too1 su* z ,mr4 ,daniel at ,ox=d1 & ,de ,v9ne at ,new ,york1 :o h f diff]5t po9ts ( view br\ght c>e & selection to ! *oice ( type & ! pr9t+ ( books1 & h adapt$ or design$ type4 #g ,& !y elicit$ a response f across ! wat] 9 ! %ape ( ,! ,knight ,errant1 ! "w ( a b& ( "y en?usia/s at ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ( :i* ,mr4 ,lee & ,mr4 ,goodhue may be nam$ z lead+ spirits--! latt] be+ ! design] ( ! cov] ( ,! ,knight ,errant1 & ! =m] ! pr9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,selwyn ,,image4 ,,f ,,title-,,page4 ,,! ,,scotti% ,,art ,,review 7,,scott1 #ahhi74 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,kelmscott ,,press4 ,b ! field = ext5sive arti/ic exp]im5t 9 ^! directions 0 tol]ably cle> :5 ,mr4 ,william ,morris turn$ 8 att5tion to pr9t+1 &1 9 #ahia1 f\nd$ ! ,kelmscott ,press4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e1 he has be5 ! fir/ to approa* ! craft ( practical pr9t+ f ! po9t ( view ( ! arti/1 & al?\gh1 no d\bt1 ! fact ( be+ a man ( lett]s z well 0 an extra advantage1 8 p>ticul> success 9 ! art ( pr9t+ is due to ! =m] qualification4 ,a long & di/+ui%$ practice z a design] 9 o!r matt]s ( decorative art br\ght him to ! nice que/ions ( type design1 its place ^u ! page1 & its relation to pr9t$ ornam5t & illu/ration1 peculi>ly well equipp$2 :ile 8 hi/oric k & discrim9ation1 & ! possession ( an extraord9>ily ri* & *oice collection ( bo? m$ival ,,mss4 & e>ly pr9t$ books af=d$ him an abundant *oice ( ! be/ models4 ,9 ! results :i* h be5 produc$ at ! ,kelmscott press we trace ! effect ( all ^! influ5ces1 act+ "u ! /ronge/ p]sonal pr$ilection1 & a m$ival bias 79 an arti/ic s5se7 :i* may be said to be almo/ exclusive4 ,! ,kelmscott roman type 7gold57 p]haps r sugge/s t x 0 design$ to anticipate & to provide aga9/ ! dem& ( read]s or book fanci]s :o c\ld /& no?+ else ?an roman1 :ile ! he>t ( ! pr9t] really hank]$ aft] black lett]4 ,b comp>e ?is gold5 type ) mo/ mod]n l[] case f\nts1 up to ! date ( its use1 & its advantages bo? 9 =m & sub/ance are rem>kable4 ,mod]n type1 obey+1 ,i suppose1 a resi/less law ( evolution1 _h rea*$1 especially ) ,am]ican pr9t]s1 ! la/ /age ( att5uation4 ,! type ( ! ,kelmscott press is an emphatic & practical prote/ aga9/ ?is att5uation2 j z its bold black & :ite ornam5ts & decorative woodcuts 9 op5 l9e are prote/s aga9/ ! undue ?9ness1 atmosph]ic effect1 & diaphan\s vignett+ by photographic process & tone-block ( mu* mod]n illu/ration1 :i* may inde$ illu/rate1 b does n ornam5t a book4 ,! pap]1 too1 h&-made1 r\gh-surfac$1 & t\gh1 is 9 equally /rong contra/ to ! %9y hot-press$ ma*9e-made pap]1 hi!rto s mu* 9 vogue = ! f9] k9ds ( pr9t+1 & by :i* x alone became possible4 ,! two k9ds--! two ideals ( pr9t+--are z f> ap>t z ! poles4 ,^? :o l ! smoo? & ?91 w n l ! bold & r\gh2 b x looks z if ! ,kelmscott /&>d _h m>k$ ! turn ( ! tide1 & t1 judg+ f ! signs ( its influ5ce ^u pr9t]s & publi%]s g5]ally1 ! feel+ is runn+ /rongly 9 t direction4 7,"o w\ld ?9k ! human eyesight w\ld b5efit also47 ,?is is ! m rem>kable s9ce ! ,kelmscott books are by no means issu$ at popul> prices1 are limit$ 9 numb]1 & = ! mo/ "p are h>dly = ! g5]al read]--unless t ubiquit\s p]son is m erudite & omnivor\s ?an is commonly cr$it$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,morris ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,a ,,page ,,f ,,! ,,glitt]+ ,,pla94 7,,kelmscott ,,press1 #ahid47 ,books1 h[ev]1 :i* may be call$ monum5tal 9 ! national & g5]al s5se1 h be5 pr9t$ at ! ,kelmscott press1 su* z ,%akespe>e's ,poems1 ,m's ,utopia2 & ,mr4 ,morris's magnum opus1 ! folio ,*auc]1 enri*$ by ! designs ( ,burne-,jones1 has rec5tly be5 complet$4#h #h ,complet$1 inde$1 x might almo/ be said1 ) ! life ( ! craftsman4 ,x is sad to h to record1 :ile ^! pages 7 pass+ ?r\gh ! press1 our ma/] pr9t]--"o ( ! greate/ ,engli%m5 ( our "t--is no m4 ,9 ,mr4 ,morris's ornam5ts & initials1 ne>ly always admirably h>moni\s 9 _! quantities ) ! "* & mass ( ! type1 we may p]haps trace mix$ influ5ces 9 design4 ,9 ! ri* black & :ite scroll & floral bord]s surr\nd+ ! title & fir/ pages1 we seem to see ! love ( close-fill+ & int]lacem5t *>act]i/ic ( ,celtic & ,byzant9e "w1 ) a t\* ( ! feel+ ( ! practical textile design]1 :i* comes out aga9 9 ! up-&-d[n1 deta*$ bold page ornam5ts1 ?\gh "h comb9$ ) sugge/ions f e>ly ,engli% illum9at$ ,,ms4 ,^! influ5ces1 h[ev]1 only add to ! di/9ctive "* & ri*ness ( ! effect1 & no attempt is made to get beyond ! simple conditions ( bold black & :ite designs = ! woodcut & ! press4 ,mr4 ,morris adopts ! useful canon 9 pr9t+ t ! true page is :at ! op5 book displays--:at is g5]ally t]m$ a d\ble page4 ,he consid]s !m practically z two columns ( type1 necess>ily sep>ate ow+ to ! con/ruction ( ! book1 b toge!r z x lies op51 =m+ a page ( type1 only divid$ by ! n>r[ m>g9 :]e ! leaves are ins]t$ 9 ! back ( ! cov]s4 ,we ?us get ! recto & ! v]so pages or columns1 ea* ) _! di/9ctive proportions ( m>g91 z !y turn to ! "r or ! left f ! c5tre ( ! book--! n>r[e/ m>g9s be+ naturally inw>ds & at ! top1 ! broade/ ^? outw>ds & at ! foot1 :i* latt] %\ld be deepe/ ( all4 ,x may be call$ ! h&le ( ! book1 & !re is reason 9 ! broad m>g91 ?\gh also graci\s to ! eye1 s9ce ! h& may hold ! book )\t cov]+ any ( ! type4 ,x is really ! due consid]ation ( ! necessity ( ^! little utilities 9 ! con/ruction & use ( a ?+ :i* enables ! mod]n design]--sep>at$ z he is f ! actual mak]--to pres]ve t di/9ctive & organic "* 9 any "w s valuable1 & always s fruitful 9 arti/ic sugge/ion1 & ?is ,i ?9k holds true ( all design 9 association ) h&icraft4 ,! m imm$iate & intimate--"o might occasionally say imitative--influ5ce ( ! ,kelmscott press may be se5 9 ! extremely int]e/+ "w ( a gr\p ( "y arti/s :o own _! tra9+ to ! ,birm+ham ,s*ool ( ,art1 z develop$ "u ! ta/e & ability ( ,mr4 ,taylor4 ,?ree ( ^!1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,m4 ,g]e1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,new1 & ,mr4 ,gask91 h design$ illu/rations = "s ( ,mr4 ,morris's ,kelmscott books1 s t ! connection ( ideas is p]fectly sequ5t & natural1 & x is only z might be expect$ t ! s*ool %\ld h ! c\rage ( _! arti/ic op9ions1 & boldly c>ry into practice ! results ( _! ,kelmscott inspirations1 by pr9t+ a j\rnal !mselves1 ,! ,que/4 ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,m4 ,,g]e4 ,,f ,,! ,,engli% ,,illu/rat$ ,,magaz9e 7#ahic74 ,illu/ration3 7,by p]mission ( ! ,corporation ( ,liv]pool47 ,c4 ,m4 ,,g]e4 ,,f ,a ,,draw+ ,,f ,,8 ,,picture ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,/4 ,,george4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar?ur ,,gask94 ,,f ,,hans ,,&]s54 7,,all51 #ahic47 ,illu/ration3 ,,edmund ,h4 ,,new4 ,,process ,,block ,,f ,,! ,,orig9al ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,birm+ham ,,s*ool4 ,mr4 ,g]e1 ,mr4 ,gask91 & ,mr4 ,new may be said to be ! lead]s ( ! ,birm+ham ,s*ool4 ,mr4 ,g]e has engrav$ on wood "s ( 8 own designs1 & he ?or\ghly realizes ! ornam5tal value ( bold & op5 l9e draw+ 9 association ) lett]+1 & is a c>eful & consci5ti\s draughtsman & pa9t] besides4 ,a typical in/ance ( 8 "w is ! ,f9d+ ( ,/4 ,george4 ,mr4 ,gask9's ,*ri/mas book1 ,k+ ,w5ceslas1 is1 p]haps1 8 be/ "w s f> z we h se54 ,! designs are simple & bold1 & 9 h>mony ) ! subject1 & good 9 decorative "*4 ,8 illu/rations to ,hans ,*ri/ian ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales are full ( a nave romantic feel+1 & h mu* s5se ( ! decorative possibilities ( black & :ite draw+4 ,mrs4 ,gask9's designs = *ildr5's books %[ a qua9t fancy & ornam5tal feel+ *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ool4 ,mr4 ,new's feel+ is = qua9t /reets & old build+s1 :i* he draws ) consci5ti\s ?or\ghness1 & att5tion to *>act]i/ic details ( con/ruction & local v>iety1 )\t any reliance on accid5tal atmosph]ic effects1 b us+ a firm op5 l9e & broad1 simple arrangem5ts ( light & %ade1 :i* give !m a decorative look z book illu/rations4 ,x is ow+ to ^! qualities t !y are ornam5tal1 & n to any actual ornam5t4 ,inde$1 9 ^? cases :]e he has introduc$ bord]s to frame 8 pictures1 he does n seem to me to be s successful z an ornam5ti/ pure & simple1 ?\gh 9 8 late/ "w1 ! illu/rations to ,mr4 ,lane's edition ( ,isaac ,walton's ,compleat ,angl]1 !re are pretty head+s & ta/eful title scrolls1 z well z good draw+s ( places4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inigo ,,?omas4 ,,f ,,! ,,=mal ,,g>d54 7,,macmillan1 #ahib47 ,! "q ( bord] is1 h[ev]1 always a mo/ difficult "o4 ,"o might comp>e ! illu/rative draw+s ( ar*itecture & g>d5s ( ,mr4 ,inigo ,?omas 9 ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,blomfield's "w on g>d5s1 ) ,mr4 ,new1 z %[+1 ) consid]able decorative feel+1 & feel+ = ! subject1 a v diff]5t me?od ( draw+1 "o might say m pictorial 9 a s5se1 ! l9e be+ mu* ?9n] & clos]1 & 9 effect grey] & d>k]4 ,! introduction ( ! titles helps ! ornam5tal effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inigo ,,?omas4 ,,f ,,! ,,=mal ,,g>d54 7,,macmillan1 #ahib47 ,among ! lead+ arti/s ( ! ,birm+ham ,s*ool mu/ be m5tion$ ,mr4 ,h4 ,payne1 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,sleigh & ,mr4 ,mason = _! romantic feel+ 9 /ory illu/rations2 ,miss ,bradley = h] inv5tive treatm5t ( cr[ds & gr\ps ( *ildr52 ,miss ,w9ifr$ ,smi? = h] gr\ps ( *ildr5 & qua9t feel+2 ,mrs4 ,ar?ur ,gask9 also = h] pretty qua9t fancies 9 *ild-life2 ,miss ,m>y ,newill = h] ornam5tal r5d]+ ( natural l&scape1 z 9 ! *>m+ draw+ ( ,porlock2 & ,miss ,celia ,levetus = h] decorative feel+4 ,x may1 at any rate1 ,i ?9k be claim$ = x1 t bo? 9 me?od1 s5tim5t1 & subject1 x is peculi>ly ,engli%1 & repres5ts a s9c]e attempt to apply :at may be call$ traditional pr9ciples 9 decoration to book illu/ration4 ,among ! rec5t influ5ces t5d+ to fo/] ! feel+ = ! treatm5t ( black & :ite design & book illu/rations1 prim>ily f ! decorative po9t ( view1 ! ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society may claim to h _h "s %>e1 & !y h endeav\r$1 by ! t5d5cy ( ! "w select$ = exhibition z well z by pap]s & lectures by v>i\s memb]s on ?is po9t1 to emphasize its importance & to spread cle> pr9ciples1 ev5 at ! risk ( appe>+ p>tial & bias$ 9 "o direction1 & leav+ _m clev] arti/s 9 black & :ite unrepres5t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,illu/ration ,,& ,,decoration4 ,n[ = graphic ability1 orig9ality1 & v>iety1 !re c be no d\bt ( ! vig\r ( our mod]n black & :ite arti/s4 ,x is ! mo/ vital & really popul> =m ( art at ! pres5t day1 & x1 f> m ?an pa9t+1 deals ) ! actual life ( ! p2 x is1 too1 ?or\ghly democratic 9 its appeal1 &1 associat$ ) ! newspap] & magaz9e1 goes ev]y:]e--at lea/1 z f> z !re are %ill+s & p5ce--& :]e (t5 no o!r =m ( art is accessible4 ,b graphic p[] & orig9al po9t ( view is n always associat$ ) ! decor\s ornam5tal s5se4 ,x is1 9 fact1 (t5 its v anti!sis1 al?\gh1 on ! o!r h&1 good graphic draw+1 gov]n$ by a s5se ( /yle to :i* economy or simplicity ( l9e (t5 leads1 has ornam5tal quality4 ,i %\ld say at once t s9c]e graphic or naturali/ic draw+1 ) individual "* & /yle1 is always pref]able to m]ely lifeless1 purely imitative1 & tame repetition 9 s-call$ decorative "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h5ry ,,payne4 ,,f ,a ,,book ,,( ,,c>ols4 7,,all51 #ahic47 ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,,mason4 ,,f ,,huon ,,( ,,bordeaux4 7,,all51 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,g]trude ,m4 ,,bradley4 ,,! ,,*]ry ,,fe/ival4 7,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+47 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>y ,,newill4 ,,porlock4 7,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+47 ,sid5ote3 ,,decorative ,,pr9ciples4 ,:ile ,i claim t c]ta9 decorative consid]ations su* z plan1 scale balance1 proportion1 quantity1 relation to type1 are ess5tial to really beautiful book illu/ration1 ,i d n 9 ! lea/ wi% to ignore ! clev] "w ( _m contempor>y illu/rators because !y only c>e to be illu/rators pure & simple1 & pref] to consid] a page ( pap]1 or any "p ( x unoccupi$ by type1 z a fair field = a graphic sket*1 ) no m consid]ation = its relation to ! page itself or ! re/ ( ! book1 ?an an arti/ usually feels :5 he jots d[n some?+ f life 9 8 sket*-book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,celia ,,levetus4 ,a ,,bookplate4 ,i ?9k t book illu/ration %\ld be some?+ m ?an a collection ( accid5tal sket*es4 ,s9ce "o _c ignore ! con/ructive organic elem5t 9 ! =mation--! idea ( ! book itself--x is s f> in>ti/ic to leave x out ( acc\nt 9 design+ "w int5d$ to =m an ess5tial or integral "p ( t book4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 v5ture to ass]t t decorative illu/ration c only be done 9 "o way--if s1 !re w\ld be an end 9 t direction to orig9ality or individual feel+4 ,!re is no?+ absolute 9 art1 & "o _c dogmatize1 b x seems to me t 9 all designs c]ta9 conditions mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 & n only ackn[l$g$ b accept$ freely1 j z "o w\ld accept ! rules ( a game be=e attempt+ to play x4 ,! rules1 ! conditions ( a sport or game1 give x its own peculi> "* & *>m1 & by means ( !m ! greate/ am\nt ( pleasure & ke5e/ excitem5t is obta9$ 9 ! long run1 j z by obs]v+ ! conditions1 ! limitations ( an art or h&icraft1 we %all extract ! greate/ am\nt ( pleasure = ! work] & beauty = ! behold]4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,dial4 ,_m rem>kable design]s 9 black & :ite ( individuality & di/9ction1 & ) m or less /rong feel+ = decorative treatm5t1 h aris5 dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4 ,among ^! ought to be nam$ ,messrs4 ,ricketts & ,%annon1 ^: jo9t "w ^u ,! ,dial is suffici5tly well kn[n4 ,!y1 too1 h tak5 up pr9t+ z an art1 ,mr4 ,ricketts hav+ design$ 8 own type & engrav$ 8 own draw+s on wood4 ,!y are excell5t craftsm5 z well z inv5tive & orig9al arti/s ( rem>kable cultivation1 imag9ative feel+ & ta/e4 ,!re is a c]ta9 sugge/ion ( inspiration f ,william ,blake 9 ,mr4 ,%annon sometimes1 & ( ,g]man or ,italian fifte5? c5tury woodcuts 9 ! "w ( ,mr4 ,ricketts4 ,! weird designs ( ,mr4 ,reg9ald ,savage %\ld also be not$1 z well z ! *>m+ woodcuts ( ,mr4 ,/urge ,moore4 ,illu/ration3 ,c ,s4 ,,ricketts4 ,,f ,,h]o ,,& ,,le&]4 7,,! ,,vale ,,press47 ,ano!r v rem>kable design] 9 black & :ite is ,mr4 ,aubrey ,be>dsley4 ,8 "w %[s a delicate s5se ( l9e1 & a bold decorative use ( solid blacks1 z well z an extraord9>ily weird fancy & grotesque imag9ation1 :i* seems occasionally incl9$ to run 9 a morbid direction4 ,al?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( mo/ arti/s1 "o c trace c]ta9 influ5ces :i* h help$ 9 ! =mation ( _! /yle1 !re c be no d\bt ( 8 individuality & p[]4 ,! designs = ! "w by :i* ,mr4 ,be>dsley became fir/ kn[n1 ,i believe1 ! ,morte d',ar?ur1 alone are suffici5t to %[ ?is4 ,!re appe>s to be a /rong m$ival decorative feel+1 mix$ ) a curi\s weird ,japanese-l _s ( diabl]ie & grotesque1 z ( ! opium-dream1 ab\t 8 "w2 b consid]$ z book-decoration1 ?\gh x is effective1 ! g5]al ab/ract treatm5t ( l9e1 & ! use ( l>ge masses ( black & :ite1 r sugge/ designs int5d$ to be c>ri$ out 9 "s o!r mat]ial1 su* z inlay or enamel1 = in/ance1 9 :i* !y w\ld ga9 ! *>m ( beautiful surface & mat]ial1 & d\btless look v well4 ,mr4 ,be>dsley %[s diff]5t influ5ces 9 8 lat] "w 9 ! ,savoy1 "s ( :i* sugge/s a /udy ( eighte5? c5tury design]s1 su* z ,callot or ,hog>?1 & old ,engli% mezzot9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,/udio4 ,sid5ote3 ,,contempor>y ,,illu/rators4 ,! ,/udio1 :i*1 :ile "u ! able & sympa!tic editor%ip ( ,mr4 ,gleeson ,:ite1 fir/ call$ att5tion 7by ! m$ium ( ,mr4 ,p5nell's p57 to ,mr4 ,be>dsley's "w1 has done good s]vice 9 illu/rat+ ! progress ( decorative art1 bo? at home & abroad1 & has f "t to "t introduc$ sev]al "y arti/s ^: designs h ?us become kn[n to ! public = ! fir/ "t1 su* z ,mr4 ,patt5 ,wilson1 ,mr4 ,laur5ce ,h\sman1 ,mr4 ,fairfax ,muckley1 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob9son1 :o all h _! own di/9ctive feel+3 ! fir/ = bold l9e draw+s aft] ! old ,g]man me?od ) an abundance ( detail2 ! second = rem>kable ta/e 9 ornam5t1 & a humor\s & poetic fancy2 ! ?ird = a v graceful feel+ = l9e & ! decorative use ( black & :ite--especially 9 ! treatm5t ( trees & bran* "w1 leaves & fl[]s associat$ ) figures4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,batt5 has di/+ui%$ himself = "s ye>s pa/ z an inv5tive illu/rator ( ,fairy ,tales4 ,9 8 designs1 p]haps1 he %[s m ( ! feel+ ( ! /ory-tell] ?an ! decorator 9 l9e1 on ! :ole2 8 feel+ z a pa9t]1 p]haps1 n mak+ him q cont5t ) simple black & :ite2 &1 c]ta9ly1 8 *>m+ temp]a picture ( ! sleep+ maid & ! dw>fs1 & 8 excell5t pr9t$ picture ( ,eve & ! s]p5t1 pr9t$ by ,mr4 ,flet*] 9 ! ,japanese me?od1 might well excuse him if t is ! case4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,=d is ano!r arti/ :o has devot$ himself ) mu* success to ,fairy ,tale pictures 9 black & :ite1 be+ associat$ ) ! fairy books ( _m diff]5t col\rs issu$ "u ! fairy godfa!r's w& 7or p57 ( ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang4 ,he1 too1 ,i ?9k p]haps1 c>es m = ! epic ?an ! ornam5tal side ( illu/ration2 he g5]ally %[s a pretty poetical fancy4 ,at ! head1 p]haps1 ( ! new] s*ool ( decorative illu/rators ought to be nam$ ,mr4 ,rob]t ,ann+ ,bell1 ^: ta/e & feel+ = /yle alone gives him a di/9ctive place4 ,he has evid5tly /udi$ ! e>ly pr9t]s & book-decorators 9 outl9e ( ,v5ice & ,flor5ce to "s purpose2 by no means m]ely imitatively1 b ) 8 own type ( figure & face1 & fre% natural impressions1 obs]ves ) mu* ta/e & feel+ = beauty ! limitations & decorative sugge/ions 9 ! relations ( l9e-draw+ & typography4 ,_m ( 8 designs to ,! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream are delightful bo? z draw+s & z decorative illu/rations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,ricketts4 ,,f ,,daphnis ,,& ,,*loe4 7,,! ,,vale ,,press47 ,! newe/ book illu/rator is p]haps ,mr4 ,*>les ,rob9son1 ^: "w appe>s to be full ( inv5tion1 ?\gh ,i h n yet _h suffici5t opportunities ( do+ x ju/ice4 ,he %[s qua9t & sometimes weird fancy1 a love ( fanta/ic ar*itecture1 & is n afraid ( outl9e & l>ge :ite spaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,c4 ,h4 ,,%annon4 ,,f ,,daphnis ,,& ,,*loe4 7,,! ,,vale ,,press47 ,mr4 ,r4 ,sp5ce %[s consid]able vig\r & orig9ality4 ,he di/+ui%$ himself fir/ by "s p5 draw+s :i* won ! gold m$al at ! ,national ,competitions at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 9 :i* a romantic feel+ & dramatic =ce 0 %[n 9 designs ( m$ival battles1 express$ 9 =cible way1 consi/5t ) good l9e & effect 9 black & :ite4 ,8 design ( ! ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t 9 ,! ,qu>to is p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ ?+ he has done4 ,i am enabl$ to pr9t "o ( 8 *>act]i/ic designs ( battles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley4 ,,f ,,! ,,morte ,d',,ar?ur4 7,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,co47 ,mr4 ,a4 ,jones also di/+ui%$ himself ab\t ! same "t z ,mr4 ,sp5ce 9 ! ,national ,competition1 & %[$ "s dramatic & romantic feel+4 ,! design giv5 %[s a m ornam5tal side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley4 ,,f ,,! ,,morte ,d',,ar?ur4 7,,d5t47 ,mr4 ,william ,/rang1 :o has made 8 m>k 9 et*+ z a m$ium = designs full ( /rong "* & weird imag9ation1 also %[s 9 8 process$ p5 draw+s vigor\s l9e & p]ception ( decorative value1 z 9 ! designs to ,mun*aus51 two ( :i* are "h reproduc$4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,ev]gre54 ,! publication ( ,! ,ev]gre5 by ,patrick ,g$des & 8 colleagues at ,ed9burgh has introduc$ sev]al black & :ite design]s ( =ce & "*--,mr4 ,rob]t ,burns & ,mr4 ,john ,duncan1 = in/ance1 m p>ticul>ly di/+ui%+ !mselves = decorative treatm5t 9 :i* "o may see ! influ5ces ( mu* fre% inspiration f ,nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley4 ,,f ,,! ,,morte ,d',,ar?ur4 7,,d5t47 ,sid5ote3 ,,contempor>y ,,illu/rators4 ,miss ,m>y ,s>gant ,flor5ce %[s p[] & decorative feel+ 9 h] outl9e designs to ,! ,cry/al ,ball4 ,mr4 ,granville ,fell mu/ be nam$ among ! new] s*ool ( decorative illu/rators2 & ,mr4 ,paul ,woodr(fe1 :o also %[s mu* facility ( design & feel+ = old ,engli% life 9 8 books ( ,nurs]y ,rhymes2 8 rec5t "w %[s mu* ref9em5t ( draw+ & feel+4 ,miss ,alice ,b4 ,woodw>d ought also to be nam$ = h] clev] treatm5t ( m$ival life 9 black & :ite4 ,m rec5tly1 p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable "w 9 book illu/ration has be5 t ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,sullivan1 ^: p[]ful designs to ,c>lyle's ,s>tor ,res>tus are full ( vig\r & "*4 ,=ce & "*1 aga91 seem ! lead+ qualities 9 ! /rik+ "w ( ano!r ( our rec5t design]s 9 black & :ite1 ,mr4 ,ni*olson1 :o also engraves 8 own "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,edmund ,j4 ,,sullivan4 ,,f ,,s>tor ,,res>tus4 7,,bell47 ,mr4 ,gordon ,craig adds pr9t+ to ! crafts ( black & :ite design & engrav+1 & has a di/9ctive feel+ ( 8 own4 ,! revival 9 ,engl& ( decorative art ( all k9ds dur+ ! la/ five & tw5ty ye>s1 culm9at+ z x appe>s to be do+ 9 book-design1 has n escap$ ! eyes ( obs]vant & sympa!tic arti/s & writ]s ^u ! ,cont95t4 ,! "w ( ,engli% arti/s ( ?is k9d has be5 exhibit$ 9 ,g]many1 9 ,holl&1 9 ,belgium & ,france1 & has met ) rem>kable appreciation & sympa?y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,patt5 ,,wilson4 ,,f ,,! ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,laur5ce ,,h\sman4 ,,title-,,page ,,( ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,joy4 7,,kegan ,,paul1 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,l4 ,,fairfax ,,muckley4 ,,f ,,frangilla4 7,,elk9 ,,ma!ws47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,rob9son4 ,,f ,a ,,*ild',s ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,v]se4 7,,lane1 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,rob9son4 ,,f ,a ,,*ild',s ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,v]se4 7,,lane1 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,rob9son4 ,,f ,a ,,*ild',s ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,v]se4 7,,lane1 #ahie47 ,sid5ote3 ,,belgium4 ,9 ,belgium1 p>ticul>ly1 :]e !re appe>s to be a some:at simil> movem5t 9 art1 ! "w ( ! new] s*ool ( ,engli% design]s has awak5$ ! greate/ int]e/4 ,! fact t ,m4 ,oliv] ,georges ,de/re has made sympa!tic lit]>y /udies ( ! ,engli% pre-,raphaelites & _! successors1 is an indication ( ?is4 ,! exhibitions ( ! ,,xxe ,sicle1 ,la libre /hetique1 at ,brussels & ,lige1 are also evid5ce ( ! repute 9 :i* ,engli% design]s are held4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,d4 ,,batt54 ,,f ,,! ,,arabian ,,nights4 7,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,co47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,cont95t4 ,9 ,holl&1 too1 a special collection ( ! designs ( ,engli% book illu/rators has be5 exhibit$ at ! ,hague & o!r t[ns "u ! auspices ( ,m4 ,l(felt4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,d4 ,,batt54 ,,f ,,! ,,arabian ,,nights4 7,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,co47 ,at ,p>is1 also1 ! critics & writ]s on art h be5 busy 9 ! v>i\s j\rnals giv+ an acc\nt ( ! ,arts & ,crafts movem5t1 ! ,kelmscott ,press1 & ! s*ool ( ,engli% book-decorators 9 black & :ite1 & ! rec5t exhibitions ( ,l',art ,n\veau & ,le ,livre ,mod]ne at ,p>is are fur!r evid5ce ( ! int]e/ tak5 !re 9 ,engli% art4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,ann+ ,,bell4 ,,f ,a ,,midsumm] ,,night',s ,,dream4 7,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,co41 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,ann+ ,,bell4 ,,f ,,beauty ,,& ,,! ,,bea/4 7,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,co41 #ahid47 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,sp5ce4 ,,f ,a ,,p5 ,,draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alfr$ ,,jones4 ,a ,,title-,,page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,/rang4 ,,f ,,b>on ,,mun*aus54 7,,lawr5ce ,,& ,,bull547 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,/rang4 ,,f ,,mun*aus5 7,,lawr5ce ,,& ,,bull574 ,)\t any va9 boa/+1 x is int]e/+ to note t :]eas mo/ arti/ic movem5ts affect+ ,engl& are commonly suppos$ to h be5 import$ f ! ,cont95t1 we are cr$it$ at la/ ) a g5u9e home gr[? 9 arti/ic developm5t4 ,al?\gh1 reg>d$ 9 ! l>ge s5se1 c\ntry or nationality is no?+ to art 7be+ at its be/ always cosmopolitan & int]national7 yet 9 ! hi/ory ( design1 national & local v>ieties1 racial *>act]i/ics & local developm5ts mu/ always h _! value & hi/oric int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,h4 ,,granville ,,fell4 ,,f ,,c9d]ella4 7,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,co47 ,sid5ote3 ,,belgium4 ,we may1 p]haps1 take x z a sympa!tic response to ,engli% feel+1 ! appe>ance ( su* books z ,m4 ,rijsselb]ghe's ,almanack1 ) its *>m+ designs 9 l9e1 f ! h\se ( ,dietri* at ,brussels4 ,m4 ,f]n& ,knopff's "w1 orig9al z x is1 %[s sympa?y ) ! lat] ,engli% s*ool ( poetic & decorative design ( :i* ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti may be said to h be5 ! fa!r1 ?\gh 9 book-illu/ration prop] ,i am n aw>e t he has done mu*4 ,9 ,holl& 9 black & :ite design !re is ,m4 ,g4 ,w4 ,dijsselh( & ,m4 ,r4 ,n4 ,rol& ,hol/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,duncan4 ,,f ,,! ,,ev]gre54 7,,g$des ,,& ,,co41 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,duncan4 ,,f ,,! ,,ev]gre54 7,,g$des ,,& ,,co41 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,burns4 ,,f ,,! ,,ev]gre54 7,,g$des ,,& ,,co41 #ahie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>y ,,s>gant ,,flor5ce4 ,,f ,,! ,,cry/al ,,ball4 7,,bell1 #ahid47 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul ,,woodr(fe4 ,,f ,,second ,,book ,,( ,,nurs]y ,,rhymes4 7,,george ,,all51 #ahif47 ,illu/ration3 ,,paul ,,woodr(fe4 ,,f ,,nurs]y ,,rhymes4 7,,bell1 #ahie47 ,sid5ote3 ,,g]many4 ,9 ,g]many1 su* orig9al & p[]ful arti/s z ,josef ,sattl] & ,franz ,/ck2 ! =m] seem+ly inh]it+ mu* ( ! grim & /]n hum\r ( ! old ,g]man ma/]s1 z well z _! feel+ = "* & treatm5t ( l9e1 :ile 8 own p]sonality is q di/9ct4 ,:ile ,sattl] is di/9ctly ,go?ic 9 sympa?y1 ,/ck seems m to lean to ! pagan or classical side1 & 8 c5taurs & graces are drawn ) mu* feel+ & "*4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! ,muni* ,cal5d>1 design$ by ,otto ,hupp1 :i* is well kn[n = ! vig\r & _s ) :i* ! arti/ has work$ aft] ! old ,g]man mann]1 ) bold treatm5t ( h]aldic devices1 & has effectively us$ col\r ) l9e "w4 ,! "n ( ,seitz appe>s ^u "s effectively design$ allegorical figures1 "o ( ,gut5b]g at 8 press4 ,sid5ote3 ,,jug5d4 ,jug5d1 a copi\sly illu/rat$ j\rnal publi%$ at ,muni* by ,dr4 ,hir?1 %[s t !re are _m clev] arti/s ) a m or less decorative aim 9 illu/ration1 :i* 9 o!rs seems r ov]gr[n ) grotesque feel+ & morbid extravagance1 b !re is an abundance ( exub]ant life1 hum\r1 :imsical fancy & _s *>act]i/ic ( ,s\? ,g]many4 ,illu/ration3 ,m4 ,,rijsselb]ghe4 ,v] ,sacrum1 ! j\rnal ( ! gr\p ( ! ,secession arti/s ( ,vi5na1 gives evid5ce ( consid]able d>+ & res\rce 9 black & :ite draw+1 ?\gh ma9ly ( an impressioni/ic or pictorial aim4 ,m4 ,l>is*1 ( ,vi5na1 has di/+ui%$ himself by 8 works ^u ! arti/ic treatm5t & spac+ ( lett]s :i* conta9 examples ( ! "w ( diff]5t arti/s bo? cont95tal & ,engli%4 ,fr5* arti/s 9 decoration ( all k9ds h be5 s l>gely influ5c$ or affect$ by ! ,japanese1 & h s g5]ally approa*$ design f ! impressioni/ic1 dramatic1 or accid5tal-individuali/ po9t ( view1 t ! some:at sev]e limits impos$ by a c>eful ta/e 9 all art ) an ornam5tal purpose1 does n appe> to h greatly attract$ !m4 ,at all times x w\ld seem t ! dramatic elem5t is ! dom9ant "o 9 ,fr5* art1 & ?is1 ?\gh ( c\rse q reconcilable ) ! ornam5t in/9ct1 is seldom f\nd p]fectly unit$ ) x1 &1 :]e pres5t1 g5]ally gets ! upp] h&4 ,! old] classical or ,r5aissance ornam5tal feel+ ( design]s l ,gall& & ,puvis de ,*avannes seems to be dy+ out1 & ! mod]n *ic & d>+ ( a ,*]et seems to be m *>act]i/ic ( ! mom5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,,grasset4 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 among ! new] ,fr5* ,s*ool1 we f9d an arti/ ( su* c>eful me?ods & ( su* /rong decorative in/9ct z ,grasset1 on :at ,i %\ld call ! ar*itectural side 9 contradi/9ction to ! impressioni/ic4 ,8 "w1 ?\gh q *>act]i/ically ,fr5* 9 _s & s5tim5t1 is mu* m ak9 9 me?od to our ,engli% decorative s*ool4 ,9 fact1 _m ( ,grasset's designs sugge/ t he has done :at our m5 h done1 /udi$ ! art ( ! middle ages f ! rema9s 9 8 own c\ntry1 & graft$ ^u ?is /ock ! equipm5t & s5tim5t ( a mod]n4 ,sid5ote3 ,,lett]+4 ,9 8 book illu/rations he seems1 h[ev]1 s f> z ,i "k1 to lean r t[>ds illu/rations pure & simple1 r ?an decoration1 & exhibits great ar*ological res\rce z well z romantic feel+ 9 su* designs z ^? to ,les ,c9q ,fils d',aymon4 ,! abs5ce ( book decoration 9 ! ,engli% s5se1 9 ,france1 h[ev]1 may be due to ! want ( beauty or arti/ic feel+ 9 ! typograph]'s "p ( ! "w4 ,mod]n ,fr5* type has g5]ally assum$ elongat$ & meagre =ms :i* are n sugge/ive ( ri* decorative effect1 & d n comb9e ) design3 nor1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to obs]ve1 does !re seem to be any feel+ among/ ! design]s = ! arti/ic value ( lett]+1 or any s]i\s attempt to cultivate bett] =ms4 ,! po/]-arti/1 to :om "o w\ld ?9k1 be+ ess5tial to 8 "w1 ! value ( lett]+ 9 good =ms w\ld appeal1 g5]ally te>s ! roman alphabet to tatt]s1 or uses extremely debas$ & ugly v>ieties4 ,m rec5tly1 h[ev]1 ,fr5* design]s & pr9t]s appe> to be giv+ att5tion to ! subject1 & newly design$ types are appe>+2 "o firm at ,p>is hav+ issu$ a f\nt design$ by ,eug5e ,grasset4 ,! *>m+ designs ( ,b\tet de ,monvel %\ld be nam$ z among ! mo/ di/9ctive ( mod]n ,fr5* book illu/rations1 = _! c>eful draw+ & decorative effect1 al?\gh1 be+ 9 col\rs1 !y h>dly belong to ! same category z ! works we h be5 consid]+1 & ! relation ( type to pictures leaves some?+ to be desir$4 ,a respect = =m & /yle 9 lett]+1 is1 ,i take x1 "o ( ! mo/ unmi/akable indications ( a good decorative s5se4 ,a true ornam5tal in/9ct c produce a f9e ornam5tal effect by means ( a mass ( good type or ,,ms4 lett]+ alone3 & consid]$ z accompanim5ts or accessories to design !y are invaluable1 z pres5t+ opportunities ( contra/ or recurr5ce 9 mass or l9e to o!r elem5ts 9 ! composition4 ,to ! decorative illu/rator ( books !y are ! unit or primal elem5t f :i* he />ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,f ,,sp5s]',s ,,fa]ie ,,que5e4 7,,george ,,all51 #ahif47 ,sid5ote3 ,,italy4 ,! publication at ,v5ice ( ,l',arte della /ampa nel ,r5ascim5to ,italiano ,v5ezia1 by ,f]d4 ,ongania--a s]ies ( reproductions ( woodcuts1 ornam5ts1 initials1 title-pages1 etc41 f "s ( ! *oice/ ( ! books ( ! e>ly ,v5etian & ,flor5t9e pr9t]s1 may p]haps be tak5 z a sign ( ! gr[? ( a simil> int]e/ 9 book decoration 9 t c\ntry1 unless1 l o!r works1 x is int5d$ *iefly = ! =eign visitor4 ,a sumptu\sly pr9t$ qu>t]ly on ,art1 :i* has ( late made its appe>ance at ,rome1 ,il ,convito1 seems to %[ an int]e/ 9 ! decorative side1 & does n conf9e its note on illu/rations to ,italian "w1 b gives reproductions f ! works ( ,d4 ,g4 ,rossetti1 & f ,elihu ,v$d]'s designs to ,! ,rubaiyat ( ,om> ,khayyam4 ,c]ta9ly if ! possession ( untold treasures ( endlessly beautiful inv5tion 9 decorative art1 & ! tradition ( anci5t s*ools t5d to fo/] & to /imulate orig9al ef=t1 "o w\ld ?9k t x %\ld be easi] = ,italian arti/s ?an ^? ( o!r c\ntries to revive some?+ ( ! =m] decorative beauty ( ! "w ( h] pr9t]s & design]s 9 ! days ( ,aldus & ,ratdolt1 ( ! ,bell9i & ,botticelli4 ,x does n appe> to be en\gh1 h[ev]1 to possess ! se$ m]ely2 or else "o might say t :]e a museum is1 !re w ! creative art spr+ also2 x is necess>y to h ! soil also2 to pl\gh & s[1 & !n to possess our s\ls 9 pati5ce a long :ile ere ! new crop appe>s1 & ere x rip5s & falls to our sickle4 ,x is only ano!r way ( say+1 t art is ! outcome ( life1 n ( dea?4 ,arti/s may take motives or inspiration f ! pa/1 or f ! pres5t1 x matt]s n1 s long z _! "w has life & beauty--s long z x is organic1 9 %ort4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[>d ,,pyle4 ,,f ,,otto ,,( ,,! ,,silv] ,,h&4 7,,scribn]47 ,sid5ote3 ,,h[>d ,,pyle4 ,i h already allud$ to ! movem5t 9 ,bo/on among a gr\p ( cultur$ "y m5--,mr4 ,lee ! pr9t] & 8 colleagues--m or less inspir$ by ,! ,hobby ,horse & ! ,kelmscott ,press1 :i* result$ 9 ! pr9t+ ( ,! ,knight ,errant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[>d ,,pyle4 ,,f ,,otto ,,( ,,! ,,silv] ,,h&4 7,,scribn]47 ,"s ye>s be=e1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,h[>d ,pyle di/+ui%$ himself z a decorative arti/ 9 book designs1 :i* %[$1 among o!r m mod]n influ5ces1 a consid]able /udy ( ! me?od ( ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,i give a reproduction :i* sugge/s some:at ! effect ( ! fam\s copp]plate ( ,erasmus4 ,he sometimes uses a light] me?od1 su* z is %[n 9 ! draw+s to ,! ,"o ,horse ,%ay4 ,( late 9 8 draw+s 9 ! magaz9es1 ,mr4 ,pyle has adopt$ ! mod]n wa% me?od1 or pa9t+ 9 black & :ite1 9 :i*1 h[ev] able 9 its own way1 x is di/9ctly at a consid]able loss ( individuality & decorative int]e/4#i #i ,i am in=m$ t ! adoption ( ! wa% me?od is n rec5t ) ,mr4 ,pyle1 b t he adapts 8 me?od to 8 matt]4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 affect ! op9ion express$ z to ! relative arti/ic value ( wa% & l9e "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w4 ,h4 ,,bradley4 ,a ,,cov] ,,design4 7,,*icago1 #ahid47 ,illu/ration3 ,,w4 ,h4 ,,bradley4 ,,prospectus ,,( ,,bradley ,,8 ,,book4 7,,spr+field1 ,,mass41 #ahif47 ,illu/ration3 ,,w4 ,h4 ,,bradley4 ,,design ,,= ,,! ,,*ap-,,book4 7,,*icago1 #ahie47 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,inl& ,,pr9t]4 ,sid5ote3 ,,am]ican ,,arti/s4 ,ano!r arti/ ( consid]able inv5tion & decorative ability has rec5tly appe>$ 9 ,am]ica1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,bradley1 ^: designs = ,! ,inl& ,pr9t] ( ,*icago are rem>kable = c>eful & delicate l9e-"w1 & effective treatm5t ( black & :ite1 & %[+ ! influ5ce ( ! new] ,engli% s*ool ) a ,japanese bl5d4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,( ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,9 ,,design+ ,,book ,,ornam5ts ,,& ,,illu/rations3 ,,consid]ations ,,( ,,arrangem5t1 ,,spac+1 ,,& ,,treatm5t4 ,x may n be amiss to add a few words z a k9d ( summ>y ( g5]al pr9ciples to :i* we seem to be naturally l$ by ! l9e ( ?\ght ,i h be5 pursu+ on ?is subject ( book decoration4 ,z ,i h said1 !re is no?+ f9al or absolute 9 ,design4 ,x is a matt] ( cont9ual re-arrangem5t1 re-adju/m5t1 & modification or ev5 trans=mation ( c]ta9 elem5ts4 ,a k9d ( imag9ative *emi/ry ( =ms1 masses1 l9es1 & quantities1 cont9ually evolv+ new comb9ations4 ,b ea* arti/ic problem mu/ be solv$ on its m]its1 & z ea* "o v>ies & pres5ts fre% que/ions1 x foll[s t no absolute rules or pr9ciples c be laid d[n to fit p>ticul> cases1 al?\gh z ! result (1 & evolv$ out (1 practice1 c]ta9 g5]al guid+ pr9ciples are valuable1 z *>ts & compasses by :i* ! design] c to a c]ta9 ext5t direct 8 c\rse4 ,to beg9 )1 ! enorm\s v>iety 9 /yle1 aim1 & size ( books1 makes ! application ( def9ite pr9ciples difficult4 ,"o mu/ n>r[ ! problem d[n to a p>ticul> book1 ( a giv5 "* & size4 ,ap>t f ! necess>ily entirely p]sonal & individual que/ions ( selection ( subject1 motive1 feel+ or s5tim5t1 consid] ! conditions ( ! book-page4 ,take an octavo page--su* z "o ( ^? ( ?is volume4 ,al?\gh we may take ! op5 book ) ! d\ble-columns z ! page prop]1 9 treat+ a book = illu/ration1 we %all be call$ ^u sometimes to treat !m z s+le pages4 ,b :e!r s+le or d\ble1 ea* has its limits 9 ! mass ( type =m+ ! full page or column :i* gives ! dim5sions ( ! design]'s panel4 ,! :ole or any "p ( ?is panel may be occupi$ by design1 & "o pr9ciple ( proc$ure 9 ! ornam5tal treatm5t ( a book is to consid] any ( ! t]ritory n occupi$ by ! type z a fair field = accompany+ or t]m9at+ design--z1 = in/ance1 at ! ends ( *apt]s1 :]e m or less ( ! type page is left blank4 ,unless we are design+ our own type1 or draw+ our lett]+ z a "p ( ! design1 ! "* & =m ( ! type w give u a sort ( gauge ( degree1 or key1 to />t )1 z to ! =ce ( ! black & :ite effect ( our accompany+ designs & ornam5ts4 ,= in/ance1 "o w\ld g5]ally avoid us+ heavy blacks & ?ick l9es ) a light op5 k9d ( type1 or light op5 "w ) v heavy type4 7,ev5 "h "o mu/ qualify1 h[ev]1 s9ce light op5 p5-"w has a f9e & ri* effect ) black lett]s sometimes47 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,f ,,sp5s]',s ,,fa]ie ,,que5e4 7,,george ,,all51 #ahif47 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,f ,,sp5s]',s ,,fa]ie ,,que5e4 7,,george ,,all51 #ahif47 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,crane4 ,,f ,,sp5s]',s ,,fa]ie ,,que5e4 7,,george ,,all51 #ahif47 ,my own feel+--& design+ mu/ always f9ally be a "q ( individual feel+--is r to ackn[l$ge ! rectangul> "* ( ! type page 9 ! %ape ( ! design2 ev5 9 a vignette1 by mak+ c]ta9 l9es ext5d to ! limits1 s z to convey a feel+ ( rectangul> control & compactness1 z 9 ! tail-piece giv5 "h f ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,,( ,,end ,,pap]s4 ,b fir/1 if "o may1 p>adoxically1 beg9 ) end pap] z x is curi\sly call$1 !re is ! l9+ ( ! book4 ,"h ! problem is to cov] two leaves entirely 9 a sugge/ive & agreeable1 b n obtrusive way4 ,"o way is to design a repeat+ patt]n mu* on ! pr9ciple ( a small pr9t$ textile1 or m9iature wall-pap]1 9 "o or m col\rs4 ,some?+ delicately sugge/ive ( ! "* & cont5ts ( ! book is 9 place "h1 b no?+ t competes ) ! illu/rations prop]4 ,x may be consid]$ z a k9d ( quadrangle1 =ec\rt1 or ev5 a g>d5 or grass plot be=e ! door4 ,we are n int5d$ to l+] long "h1 b ought to get "s h9t or enc\ragem5t to g on into ! book4 ,! arms ( ! own] 7if he is fond ( h]aldry1 & wants to rem9d ! pot5tial book borr[] to pi\sly return7 may appe> h]eon--! book-plate4 ,if we are to be playful & lavi%1 if ! book is = ,*ri/ma/ide or = *ildr51 we may cat* a sort ( fleet+ butt]fly idea on ! fly-leaves be=e we are br\ght ) becom+1 ?\gh dignifi$ curiosity1 to a %ort pause at ! half-title4 ,hav+ read ?is1 we are suppos$ to pass on ) some:at bat$ brea? until we come to ! d\ble doors1 & ! front & full title are disclos$ 9 all _! spl5d\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,,( ,,frontispieces ,,& ,,title ,,pages4 ,ev5 "h1 ?\gh1 ! :ole secret ( ! book %\ld n be let out1 b r play$ ) or sugge/$ 9 a symbolic way1 especially 9 any ornam5t on ! title-page1 9 :i* ! lett]+ %\ld be ! *ief ornam5tal feature4 ,a frontispiece may be m pictorial 9 treatm5t if desir$1 & x is reasonable to occupy ! :ole ( ! type page bo? = ! lett]+ ( title & ! picture 9 ! front2 !n1 if ri*ness ( effect is desir$1 ! m>g9 may be cov]$ also almo/ to ! edge ( ! pap] by inclos+ bord]s1 ! wid? ( ^! bord]s v>y+ accord+ to ! v>y+ wid? ( ! pap] m>g91 & 9 ! same proportions1 recto & v]so z ! case may be1 ! broad side turn+ outw>ds to ! edge ( ! book ea* way4 ,?is is a plan adopt$ 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,kelmscott books1 ( :i* t ( ,! ,glitt]+ ,pla91 giv5 "h1 may be tak5 z a type4 ,?\gh ,mr4 ,morris places 8 title page on ! left to face ! op5+ ( fir/ *apt]1 & does n use a frontispiece1 he obta9s a rem>kably ri* & v>i$ effect ( black & :ite 9 8 l>g] title pages by plac+ 9 8 c5tre panel /rong black ,go?ic lett]s2 or1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,kelmscott ,*auc]1 lett]s 9 :ite relief ^u a floral arabesque adapt$ to ! space1 & fill+ ! field ) a light] floral network 9 op5 l9e1 & enclos+ ?is aga9 ) ! ri* black & :ite m>g9al bord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,glitt]+ ,,pla94 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,morris ,,& ,,walt] ,,crane4 7,,kelmscott ,,press1 #ahid47 ,if ,i may ref] aga9 to my own "w1 9 ! designs to ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e ! full-page designs are all treat$ z panels ( figure design1 or pictures1 & are enclos$ 9 fanciful bord]s1 9 :i* subsidi>y incid5ts ( *>act]s ( ! poem are introduc$ or sugge/$1 some:at on ! plan ( m$ival tape/ries4 ,a r$uction ( "o ( ^! is giv5 above4 ,sid5ote3 ,,( ,,outl9e ,,& ,,bord]s4 ,a full-page design may1 ?us inclos$ & sep>at$ f ! type pages1 be> c>ry+ consid]ably fur!r1 & be m realiz$ & /rong] 9 effect ?an ! ornam5ts ( ! type page1 j z 9 ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 highly wr\ght m9iatures 7 work$ into inclos+ bord]s on ! c5tres ( l>ge initial lett]s1 :i* =m$ a broad framework1 bran*+ into light floral scroll or leaves ^u ! m>g9 & unit+ ) ! lett]+4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! decorative s*eme4 ,) appropriate type1 a *>m+1 simple1 & broad effect c be obta9$ by us+ outl9e alone1 bo? = ! figure designs or pictures1 & ! ornam5t prop]4 ,! fam\s designs ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 #adii1 may be tak5 z an in/ance ( ?is treatm5t2 also ! ,fasciculus ,m$ic91 #adie1 sop's ,fables1 #adic1 & o!r books ( ! ,v5etian pr9t]s ( ab\t ?is date or e>li]1 :i* are g5]ally rem>kable = f9e quality ( _! outl9e & ! ref9em5t & grace ( _! ornam5ts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ effective black & :ite page bord]s ( a purely ornam5tal k9d is "o dat$ #adgh1 inclos+ a page ( ,roman type1 7see illu/ration1 ,v5ice1 #adgh1 ,pomponius ,mela74 ,a me&]+ arabesque ( a rose-/em leaf & fl[]1 :ite on a black gr\nd1 spr++ f a circle 9 ! broad m>g9 at ! bottom1 9 :i* are two %ields ( arms4 ,a tol]ably well kn[n b mo/ valuable example4 ,sid5ote3 ,,( ,,design+ ,,type4 ,! op5+ *apt] ( a book af=ds an opportunity to ! design] ( produc+ a decorative effect by unit+ ornam5t ) type4 ,he c place figure design 9 a frieze-%ap$ panel 7say ( ab\t a f\r? ( ! page7 = ! head+1 & weight x by a bold initial lett] design$ 9 a squ>e1 f :i* may spr+ ! /em & leaves ( an arabesque ?r[+ ! lett] into relief1 & p]haps climb+ up & d[n ! m>g91 & connect+ ! head+ ) ! initial4 ,! initial$ page f ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e is giv5 z an example ( su* treatm5t4 ,! title1 or any *apt] inscription1 if embodi$ 9 ! design ( ! head+1 has a good effect4 ,h>mony betwe5 type & illu/ration & ornam5t c nev]1 ( c\rse1 be q s complete z :5 ! lett]+ is design$ & drawn z a "p ( ! :ole1 unless ! type is design$ by ! arti/4 ,x entails an am\nt ( c>eful & pati5t lab\r 7unless ! inscriptions are v brief7 few w\ld be prep>$ to face1 & w\ld mean1 practically1 a return to ! pr9ciple ( ! block book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,ke?am',s ,,fasciculus ,,m$ic94 7,,v5ice1 ,,de ,,gregoriis1 #adic47 ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,s*ool4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,pomponius ,,mela4 7,,v5ice1 ,,ratdolt1 #adgh47 ,ev5 9 ^! days1 h[ev]1 books h be5 entirely produc$ by h&1 &1 = t matt]1 if beauty 7 ! sole object1 we c\ld n d bett] ?an foll[ ! me?ods ( ! scribe1 illum9ator1 & m9iaturi/ ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,b ! _w clam\rs = _m copies 7at lea/ 9 "s cases71 & ! arti/ mu/ make t]ms ) ! pr9t+ press if he desires to live4 ,x w\ld be a delightful ?+ if e book 7 diff]5t--a mill5nium = collectors6 ,p]haps1 too1 x might be a :olesome regulation at ?is /age if au?ors 7 to qualify z scribes 79 ! old s5se7 & write out _! own works 9 beautiful lett]s6 ,h[ x w\ld purify lit]>y /yle6 ,!re is no d\bt t great att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! =mation ( lett]s by design]s 9 ! pa/4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,d,,r] ,,alphabets4 ,albre*t ,dr]1 9 8 ,geometrica1 = in/ance1 gives an elaborate sy/em = draw+ ! ,roman capitals1 & c]ta9ly produces by its means a f9e alphabet 9 t type ( lett]1 app>5tly copi$ f anci5t ,roman inscriptions4 ,he does ! same = ! black lett]s also4#aj #aj ,reproduc$ 9 ,alphabets1 by ,e4 ,f4 ,/range 7pp4 #bdd-bej71 ,ex-,libris ,s]ies4 ,bell4 ,= ! ,roman capitals he takes a squ>e1 & divides x into f\r equal p>ts = ! ,a4 ,! horizontal l9e across ! c5tre gives ! crossb>4 ,! sides ( ! squ>e are divid$ into eigh?s1 & "o eigh? is measur$ at ! top ( v]tical divid+ l9e1 "o eigh? aga9 f ea* bottom corn] ( ! squ>e to ^! po9ts1 ! limbs ( ! ,a1 are drawn2 ! up /roke & cross-b> be+ "o-sixte5?1 ! d[n /roke be+ "o-eigh? ( ! squ>e 9 ?ickness4 ,circles ( "o-f\r? ( ! squ>e 9 diamet] are /ruck at ! top ( ! ,a :]e ! limbs meet1 & at l[] corn]s1 to =m ! outside s]ifs ( ! feet1 ! inside s]ifs be+ =m$ by circles ( "o-sixte5? diamet]2 & s ! ,a is complete4 ,v>i\s sub-divisions ( ! squ>e are giv5 z guides 9 ! =mation ( ! o!r lett]s less symmetrical1 & two or ?ree =ms are giv5 ( "s1 su* z ! ,o1 & ! ,r1 ,q1 & ,s2 b ! same proportions ( ?ick & ?9 /rokes are adh]$ to1 & ! same me?od ( =m+ ! s]ifs4 ,= ! black lett] 7l[] case ,g]man7 text ! proportions are five squ>es = ! %ort lett]s i1 n1 m1 u1 ! space betwe5 ! /rokes ( a lett] l u be+ "o-?ird ! ?ickness ( ! /roke1 ! top & bottom "o be+ cov]$ ) "o squ>e1 set diamond-wise4 ,eight squ>es = ! long lett]s l1 h1 b2 ! tops cut (f diagonally1 ! feet turn$ diamond-wise4 ,?is is int]e/+ z %[+ ! c>e & s5se ( proportion :i* may be exp5d$ ^u ! =mation ( lett]+4 ,x also gives a def9ite /&>d4 ,! division ( eigh?s & f\r?s 9 ! ,roman capital is notewor?y1 too1 9 connection ) ! eight-heads /&>d ( proportion = ! human body2 & ! squ>e basis rem9ds "o ( ,vitruvius1 & demon/ration ( ! inclosure ( ! human figure ) limbs 9 ext5sion by ! squ>e & ! circle4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! =m ( lett]+ _c d bett] ?an consult ,mr4 ,/range's book on ,alphabets 9 ?is s]ies4 ,x might be possible to con/ruct an actual !ory ( ! geometric relation ( figure design1 ornam5tal =ms1 & ! =ms ( lett]+1 text1 or type ^u !m1 b we are m conc]n$ ) ! free arti/ic inv5tion = ! abs5ce ( :i* no geometric rules c comp5sate4 ,! inv5tion1 ! design1 comes fir/ 9 ord]1 ! rules & pr9ciples are discov]$ aft]w>ds1 to confirm & e/abli% _! tru?--w\ld t !y did n also sometimes cry/allize _! vitality6 ,i h spok5 ( ! treatm5t ( head+s & initials at ! op5+ ( a *apt]4 ,9 decid+ ^u su* an arrangem5t ! design] is m or less committ$ to c>ry+ x out ?r\gh\t ! book1 & w\ld d well to make 8 ornam5tal spaces1 & ! "*1 treatm5t1 & size ( 8 initials agree 9 ! correspond+ places4 ,?is w\ld /ill leave pl5ty ( room = v>iety ( inv5tion 9 ! details4 ,! next v>iety ( %ape 9 :i* he might indulge w\ld be ! half-page1 g5]ally an attractive proportion = a figure design1 & if repeat$ on ! opposite page or column1 ! effect ( a cont9u\s frieze c be giv51 :i* is v useful :]e a procession ( figures is conc]n$1 & ! slight break made by ! c5tre m>g9 is n objectionable4 ,! same plan may be adopt$ :5 x is desir$ to c>ry a full-page design across1 or meet x by a correspond+ design opposite4 ,sid5ote3 ,,( ,,head ,,& ,,tail-,,pieces4 ,!n we come to ! space at ! end ( ! *apt]4 ,= my "p1 ,i c nev] resi/ ! opportunity = a tailpiece if x is to be a fully illu/rat$ "w1 ?\gh "s w\ld let x sev]ely alone1 or be glad ( ! blank space to re/ a bit4 ,i ?9k ?is lets "o d[n at ! end ( ! *apt] too sudd5ly4 ,! blank1 ! sil5ce1 seems too dead2 "o w\ld be glad ( "s l+]+ e*o1 "s recurr+ ?\ght sugge/$ by ! text2 & "h is ! design]'s opportunity4 ,x is a tight place1 l ! p]son :o is expect$ to say ! exactly fit ?+ at ! "r mom5t4 ,nei!r too mu*1 or too little4 ,a quick wit & a light h& w s]ve ! arti/ 9 good /ead "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,,( ,,tail-,,pieces4 ,page-t]m9ations or tailpieces may ( c\rse be v v>i\s 9 plan1 & _! /yle correspond ) or be a v>iant ( ! /yle ( ! re/ ( ! decorations ( ! book4 ,c]ta9 types are apt to recur1 b :ile ! bases may be simil>1 ! sup]/ructure ( fancy may v>y z mu* z we l4 ,!re is :at ,i %\ld call ! m\se-tail t]m9ation1 =m$ on a gradually dim9i%+ l9e1 />t+ ! wid? ( ! type1 & end+ 9 a po9t4 ,pr9t]s h done x ) dw9dl+ l9es ( type1 f9i%+ ) a s+le ^w or an ald9e leaf4 ,!n !re is ! plan ( boldly %utt+ ! gate1 s to speak1 by c>ry+ a panel ( design "r across1 or fill+ ! :ole ( ! rema9+ page4 ,?is is m 9 ! nature ( additional illu/ration to c>ry on ! /ory1 & might ei!r be a n>r[ frieze-l /rip1 or a half1 or ?ree-qu>t] page design z ! space w\ld sugge/4 ,!re is ! inv]t$ triangul> plan1 & ! %ield or hat*m5t =m4 ,! g>l& or ! spray1 sprig1 leaf1 or spot1 or ! p5 fl\ri% glorifi$ into an arabesque4 ,! m$allion =m1 or seal %ape1 too1 (t5 l5ds itself appropriately to end a *apt] )1 :]e an inclos$ figure or symbol is want$4 ,"o pr9ciple 9 design+ isolat$ ornam5ts is useful3 to arrange ! subject s t its edges %all t\* a graceful b\nd>y1 or inclos+ %ape1 :e!r ! b\nd>y is actually def9$ by inclos+ l9es or frame-"w or n4 ,floral1 leaf1 & escut*eon %apes are g5]ally ! be/1 b free1 n rigidly geometrical4 ,! value ( a c]ta9 economy ( l9e c h>dly be too mu* appreciat$1 & ! p]ception ( ! necessity ( recurr5ce ( l9e1 & a re-e*o+ 9 ! details ( lead+ motives 9 l9e & mass4 ,x is l>gely ^u su* small ?reads t decorative success & h>moni\s effect dep5d1 & !y are p>ticul>ly closely connect$ ) ! h>moni\s disposition ( type & ornam5tal illu/ration :i* we h be5 consid]+4 ,sid5ote3 ,,! ,,end4 ,x w\ld be easy to fill volumes ) elaborate analysis ( exi/+ designs f ?is po9t ( view1 b designs1 to ^? :o feel !m1 ought to speak 9 _! own tongue = !mselves m =cibly ?an any writt5 explanation or comm5t>y2 &1 ?\gh ( mak+ ( _m books !re is no end1 e book mu/ h its end1 ev5 ?\gh t end to ! writ]1 at lea/1 may seem to leave "o b at ! beg9n+4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,ar?ur ,,hughes4 ,,f ,,good ,,words ,,= ,,! ,,"y4 7,,/rahan1 #ahga47 ,sid5ote3 ,,notes ,,= ,,new ,,edition4 ,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,( ! ,rec5t ,developm5t1 etc41 p4 #ahi4 ,9 addition to ! names ( ! mod]n pr9t]s & presses m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt] mu/ n[ be add$ ^? ( sev]al work]s 9 ! field ( arti/ic pr9t+ :o h di/+ui%$ !mselves s9ce ! ,kelmscott ,press4 ,mr4 ,cobd5 ,s&]son has turn$ f ! outside adornm5t ( ! book to ! inside1 &1 9 association ) ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk]1 ^: te*nical k & ta/e 0 s valuable on ! ,kelmscott ,press1 has f\nd$ ,! ,doves ,press at ,hamm]smi?1 & has issu$ books rem>kable = ! pure sev]ity ( _! typography1 f\nd$ ma9ly ^u ,j5son4 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john ,hornby also mu/ be nam$1 m p>ticul>ly = 8 revival ( a v beautiful ,italian type f\nd$ ^u ! type ( ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz1 ! fir/ pr9t]s 9 ,italy4 ,! ,greek type design$ by ! late ,rob]t ,proctor1 bas$ on ! ,alcala f\nt us$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ( ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot ,bible ( #aead1 %\ld be m5tion$ z ! only mod]n attempt to improve ! pr9t+ ( ,greek1 ) ! exception ( ,mr4 ,selwyn ,image's1 :i* p]haps suff]$ by be+ cut v small to suit comm]cial exig5ces4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,a%bee1 too1 has e/abli%$ a v ext5sive pr9t]y1 ,! ,essex ,h\se ,press1 :i* he has s9ce transplant$ to ,*ipp+ ,camd54 ,he _h ! assi/ance ( sev]al ( ! work]s f ! ,kelmscott ,press1 & has produc$ _m excell5tly pr9t$ books ( late ye>s1 su* z ! ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 & includ+ su* elaborate productions z ,edw>d ,,vi4's ,pray] ,book1 ) wood-engrav+s & initials & ornam5ts z well z ! type ( 8 own design4 ,an int]e/+ s]ies ( ! ,engli% poets1 also1 ) frontispieces by v>i\s arti/s1 has be5 issu$ f ?is press4 ,p4 #bah4 ,! dea? ( ,aubrey ,be>dsley s9ce ! notice ( 8 "w 0 writt5 mu/ be record$1 & x w\ld seem z if ! loss ( ?is extraord9>y arti/ m>k$ ! decad5ce ( our mod]n decad5ts4 ,a p]haps equally rem>kable design]1 h[ev]1 ^: "w has a c]ta9 k9%ip 9 "s features ) ,be>dsley's1 is ,mr4 ,james ,syme1 ^: "w has n be=e be5 notic$ 9 ?is book4 ,he has a p[]ful & weird imag9ation associat$ ) grotesque & satirical design1 & consid]able skill 9 ! use ( l9e & black & :ite effect4 ,p4 #bfg4 ,9 writ+ ( book illu/rators 9 ,france1 a lead+ place %\ld be giv5 to ,m4 ,b\tet de ,monvel1 ^: delicate draw+1 ta/eful col\r+1 & s5se ( decorative effect1 comb9$ ) abundant res\rce 9 v>iety ( co/ume1 & skilful treatm5t ( cr[ds1 m$ival battle sc5es1 & c]emonial gr\ps are se5 to full advantage 9 8 rec5t ,/e4 ,jean d',arc1 al?\gh no p>ticul> relation%ip betwe5 illu/ration & type is attempt$4 ,p4 #bfh4 ,a rec5t pro( ( ! revival ( ta/e 9 book-decoration & arti/ic pr9t+ 9 ,italy may be ref]r$ to "h z %[+ ! influ5ce ( ! ,engli% movem5t4 ,i mean ! edition ( ,gabriele d',annunzio's ,francesca da ,rim9i ) illu/rations or r decorations by ,adolphus de ,k>olis1 pr9t$ by ! ,fratelli ,treves 9 #aijb4 ,?is book %[s unmi/akable signs ( /udy ( rec5t ,engli% "w1 z well z ( ! e>ly pr9t]s ( ,v5ice1 & x is /range to ?9k h[ sometimes arti/s ( "o c\ntry may come back to an appreciation ( a p>ticul> p]iod ( _! own hi/oric art by ! aid ( =eign spectacles4 ,among ! orig9al design]s ( mod]n ,italy may be m5tion$ ,g4 ,m4 ,mataloni1 :o %[s rem>kable p[]s ( draughtsman%ip & inv5tion1 l>gely sp5t ^u po/]s & ex-libris4 ,italy1 too1 has an able critic & *ronicl] ( ! "w ( book-design]s ( all c\ntries 9 ,sig4 ,vittorio ,pica ( ,naples1 ^: ,attrav]so gli ,albi e le ,c>telle 7,i/ituto ,italiano d'arti grafi*e editore ,b]gamo7 is v compreh5sive4 ,9 ,vi5na ,pr(4 ,l>is* rec5tly publi%$ a book ( ,alphabets design$ by v>i\s arti/s ( ,europe2 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,italy1 & ,engl& be+ repres5t$4 ,! gr\p ( ,vi5nese arti/s kn[n z ! ,secession h issu$ ,v] ,sacrum1 a mon?ly j\rnal1 or magaz9e1 giv+ orig9al designs ( v>i\s arti/s m or less 9 ! direction ( book-decoration4 ,latt]ly ! designs (f]$ seem$ to lose !mselves ei!r 9 an affectation ( primitiv5ess & almo/ infant9e simplicity1 or ! wilde/ grotesqu5ess & ecc5tricity4 ,,app5dix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,headpiece ,,by ,,alan ,,wright4 ,illu/ration3 ,i4 ,,iri%4 ,,vi? ,c5tury4 ,,book ,,( ,,kells4 ,see page #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ii4 ,,engli%4 ,,xiv? ,,c5tury4 ,,arundel ,,psalt]1 #acci4 ,see page #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iii4 ,,engli%4 ,,xiv? ,,c5tury4 ,,arundel ,,psalt]1 #acci4 ,see page #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iv4 ,,engli%4 ,,xiv? ,,c5tury4 ,,arundel ,,psalt]1 #acci4 ,see page #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,v4 ,,fr5*4 ,,xiv? ,,c5tury4 ,,epi/le ,,( ,,philippe ,,de ,,com9es ,,to ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,see page #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vi4 ,,fr5*4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,b$=d ,,h\rs1 ,,page ,,( ,,cal5d>1 ,a4,d4 #adbb4 ,see page #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vii4 ,,fr5*4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,b$=d ,,h\rs1 ,a4,d4 #adbb4 ,see page #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,viii4 ,,engli%4 ,,late ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,romance ,,( ,,! ,,rose4 ,see page #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ix4 ,,italian4 ,,xv? ,,c5tury4 ,,initial ,,lett]1 ,,*oir ,,book1 ,,si5a 7#adfh----adgb-c74 ,see page #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,x4 ,,japanese4 ,,xix? ,,c5tury4 ,,hokusai4 ,see page #afc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,xi4 ,,japanese4 ,,xix? ,,c5tury4 ,,hokusai4 ,see page #afc4 ,,index4 ,,abbey1 ,edw91 #aff4 sop's ,fables 7,v5ice1 #adic71 #bic4 ---- 7,ulm1 #adih71 #ec4 ---- 7,naples1 #adhe71 #ee4 ,aglaia1 cov] =1 #aed1 #aeg4 ,alciati's ,emblems1 #aji4 ,aldus1 #fb1 #fc1 #fe1 #ajh4 ,alphabet 7,dr]'s71 #bii4 ,alphabets 7,bell1 #ahid71 #bii1 #cjj4 ,amman1 ,jo/1 #if4 ,am]ican ,wood-engrav+1 #adh1 #afd4 ,&]s5's ,fairy ,tales 7,all51 #ahic71 #aii4 ,anglo-,saxon ,,mss41 #ad1 et seq4 ,apocalypse1 ,,ms41 #ad? ,c5t41 #ai4 ,arabian ,nights 7,d5t1 #ahic71 #bda1 #bdb4 ,arndes1 ,/eff51 #dg4 ,art 9 ! ,h\se 7,macmillan1 #ahgf71 #afj1 #afb-afe4 ,arts & ,crafts ,exhibition ,society1 #bjg4 ,arundel ,psalt]1 ,,ms41 #af4 ,aulus1 ,gellius 7,v5ice1 #aeji71 #gc4 ,bml]1 #ae4 ,bateman1 ,rob]t1 #afj1 #afb-afe4 ,batt51 ,j4 ,d41 #bbb1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,be>dsley1 ,aubrey1 #bah1 #bba1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg4 ,beauty & ! ,bea/ 7,d5t1 #ahid71 #bde4 ,b$=d ,h\rs1 ,,ms41 #bc1 #bd1 #ch4 ,beham1 ,hans ,sebald1 #if1 #aac4 ,bell1 ,r4 ,a41 #bbb1 #bdc1 #bde4 ,bell9i1 ,giovanni1 #fb1 #fi4 ,b]n>d1 ,solomon1 #aaj4 ,bewick1 ,?omas1 #adj1 #ade4 ,bible 7,cologne1 #adhj71 #ba4 ---- 7,lbeck1 #adid71 #dg4 ---- 7,ma9z1 #adee71 #di4 ---- 7,frank=t1 #aefc71 #ec1 #aca4 ,bible ,cuts 7,holbe971 #ib1 #ie1 #if4 ,birm+ham ,s*ool1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bjg4 ,blake1 ,william1 #acf-aci4 ,block ,books1 #df4 ,blomfield1 ,reg9ald1 #bjg4 ,boccaccio's ,de ,cl>is ,muli]ibus 7,ulm1 #adgc71 #g1 #aa2 7,f]r>a1 #adig71 #ed4 ,bonhomme1 #aaj4 ,book ( ,c>ols 7,all51 #ahic71 #bji4 ,books ( ,h\rs1 #bc1 #bd1 #ch1 #ed1 #ajg4 ,bord]s1 #bjd1 #bic4 ,bracebridge ,hall 7,macmillan1 #ahgg71 #aeh4 ,bradley1 ,g]trude ,m41 #bjg1 #bac4 ---- ,w4 ,h41 #bgd1 #bge1 #bgg1 #bgh4 ,br[n1 ,=d ,madox1 #aed4 ,bu* von d5 ,sieb5 ,todsnd5 7,augsburg1 #adgd71 #ae4 ,burgmair1 ,hans1 #ib1 #ie1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajc1 #aje4 ,burne-,jones1 ,sir ,edw>d1 #aic4 ,burns1 ,rob]t1 #bbf1 #bei4 ,caes5as1 ,/ephanus1 #ei4 ,caldecott1 ,r&olph1 #aeh4 ,calep9us1 ,ambrosius1 #aba4 ,calv]t1 ,edw>d1 #aci-adc4 ,c>d-,basket ,/yle1 ,!1 #afe4 ,c>roll1 ,lewis1 #aed4 ,ca/le1 ,eg]ton1 ,engli% ,book-plates1 #ahe4 ,caxton1 ,william1 #di1 #hj4 ,*auc] 7,kelmscott ,press1 #ahif71 #aic1 #bhh4 ,*]et1 ,m41 #bfg4 ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]se 7,lane1 #ahie71 #bce1 #bcg1 #bci4 ,*ildr5's ,books1 #aed1 #aef4 ,*9a1 ,e>ly ,pr9t+ 91 #afd4 ,*iswick ,press1 ,!1 #ahf4 ,*od[iecki1 ,d41 #acf4 ,*ri/1 ,life ( 7,antw]p1 #adhg71 #ca4 ,*ronek5 d] ,sass5 7,ma9z1 #adib71 #da4 ,*ronica ,hung>i 7,augsburg1 #adhh71 #ce4 ,c9d]ella 7,d5t1 #ahid71 #bed4 ,c9q ,fils d',aymon1 ,les1 #bfh4 ,cl>k1 ,r4 & ,r41 #ahf4 ,columna1 ,francisco1 #gi4 ,con/able1 ,t4 & ,a41 #ahf4 ,contes ,drolatiques1 #aej4 ,convito1 ,il1 #bgj4 ,copp]-plate ,engrav+1 #aaf1 #abi1 #acj4 ,cornhill1 ,!1 #agb4 ,c\s91 ,jean1 #gi4 ,craig1 ,gordon1 #bbh4 ,crana*1 ,lucas1 #ie4 ,crane1 ,walt]1 #agd1 #agi1 #aha1 #ahc1 #aia1 #bfi1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #bij1 #bia4 ,cremonese1 ,p41 #ef4 ,cry/al ,ball1 ,! 7,bell1 #ahid71 #bbg1 #bfa4 ,daily ,*ronicle1 ,illu/rations 9 !1 #afe4 ,dalziel ,bro!rs1 ,!1 #aej4 ,dalziel's ,bible ,gall]y1 #aeb4 ,dance ( ,dea? 7,holbe9's1 #aech71 #ia1 #ib1 #aae4 ,daniel1 ,rev4 ,h41 ( ,ox=d1 #ahi4 ,dante1 ,div9a ,comm$ia ,,ms41 #aj4 ,dante 7,v5ice1 #adia71 #ef4 ,daphnis & ,*loe 7,vale ,press1 #ahic71 #bbc1 #bbd4 ,davis1 ,l\is1 #agj1 #aga4 ,day1 ,lewis1 #aff4 ,de ,cl>is ,muli]ibus 7,ulm1 #adgc71 #g1 #aa2 7,f]r>a1 #adig71 #ed4 ,de ,col9es1 ,simon1 #abg4 ,de ,gregoriis1 #ei1 #bie4 ,de ,hi/oria ,/irpium 7,basel1 #aedb71 #aai1 #abc4 ,desc5t ( ,m9]va1 ,! 7#aejh71 #ga4 ,de/re1 ,oliv] ,georges1 #bda4 ,de ,v9ne ,press1 ,!1 #ahi4 ,dial1 ,!1 #bah4 ,dictes & ,say+s ( ! ,philosoph]s 7#adgg71 #hj4 ,dijsselh(1 ,g4 ,w41 #bfe4 ,d9ckmut1 ,conrad1 #bg4 ,discov]y ( ! ,indies1 ,! 7,flor5ce1 #adic71 #eg4 ,dor1 ,gu/ave1 #adi4 ,duff1 ,gordon1 ,e>ly ,pr9t$ ,books1 #ahe4 ,duncan1 ,john1 #bbf1 #bee1 #beg4 ,du ,pr1 #ed4 ,dr]1 ,albre*t1 #di1 #hj1 #ha1 #hc1 #he1 #hg1 #hi1 #ie2 8 ,geometrica1 #bid4 ,e>ly ,italian ,poets 7,smi?1 ,eld]1 #ahfa71 #aeb4 ,edg>1 ,k+1 ,newm9/] ,*>t]1 #ad4 ,emblem ,books1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aae1 #aaf4 ,end-,pap]s1 #bhe4 ,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 ,!1 #agj1 #aga1 #agc1 #aie4 ,evans1 ,edmund1 #aef4 ,ev]gre51 ,!1 #bbf1 #bee1 #beg1 #bei4 ,ex-,libris ,s]ies1 ,!1 #ahe4 ,f91 ,oronce1 #ia1 #abf1 #abg4 ,fasciculus ,m$ic9 7,v5ice1 #adie71 #bic4 ,fell1 ,h4 ,granville1 #bbg1 #bed4 ,feyrab5d1 ,sigm41 #aca4 ,fior di ,virt 7,flor5ce1 #adic871 #eh4 ,fla*1 ,m>t91 #ajh4 ,flaxman1 #acf4 ,flemi% ,s*ool1 ,x,vth ,c5t41 #ca4 ,flor5ce1 ,m>y ,s>gant1 #bbg1 #bfa4 ,=d1 ,h5ry1 #bbb4 ,=mal ,g>d51 ,! 7,macmillan1 #ahib71 #bjd1 #bje4 ,fo/]1 ,birket1 #aej4 ,france1 ,mod]n ,illu/ration 91 #bfg4 ,frangilla 7,elk9 ,ma!ws1 #ahie71 #bcc4 ,fr5* ,,mss41 #ai1 #cg4 ,fr5* ,s*ool1 ,x,vth ,c5t41 #cg1 #ea1 #abf1 #abg4 ,frontispieces1 #bhf4 ,fros*ov]1 #abj4 ,fu*sius1 ,de ,hi/oria ,/irpium 7,basel1 #aedb71 #aai1 #abc4 ,gask91 ,ar?ur1 #aii1 #bjc4 ---- ,mrs41 #bjc1 #bjg4 ,georgius de ,rusconibus1 #fi1 #ge4 ,g]>d's ,h]bal1 #abj4 ,g]e1 ,c4 ,m41 #aie1 #aig1 #bjc4 ,g]man ,s*ool1 ,x,vth ,c5t41 #c1 #g1 #aa1 #ae1 #ag1 #ba1 #be1 #bg1 #ce1 #ci1 #da1 #dg1 #ec4 ---- ,x,v,ith ,c5t41 #ha-aag1 #aai1 #aca1 #adg4 ,g]many1 ,e>ly ,pr9t+ 91 #df1 #di4 ---- ,mod]n ,illu/ration 91 #agb1 #bfe4 ,gesn]1 ,conrad1 #abj4 ,gilb]t1 ,john1 #aej4 ,giolito1 ,g41 #acc4 ,giovio's ,emblems1 #aaf4 ,girolamo da ,cremona1 #cj4 ,glitt]+ ,pla91 ,! 7,kelmscott ,press1 #ahid71 #aia1 #bhh1 #bhi4 ,gobl9 ,m>ket 7,macmillan1 #ahfb71 #aeb4 ,good ,words = ! ,"y1 #cjd4 ,gospels1 ,!1 9 ,lat91 ,,ms41 #ad4 ,grasset1 ,m41 #bfg1 #bfh4 ,gre5away1 ,kate1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,grimani ,brevi>y1 ,!1 #bi1 #dc1 #de4 ,grimm's ,h\sehold ,/ories 7,macmillan1 #ahhb71 #agd1 #agi4 ,grn1 ,hans ,baldung1 #if1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj4 ,halb]/adt ,bible1 ,!1 #di1 #aag4 ,h>d\yn1 ,gillet1 #ed1 #ajg4 ,h>vey1 ,william1 #ade4 ,h]bals1 #af1 #aai1 #abj4 ,h]o & ,le&] 7,vale ,press1 #ahid71 #bai4 ,hobby ,horse1 ,!1 #ahf1 #bgj4 ,hog>?1 #ace4 ,hokusai1 #afc4 ,holbe91 ,hans1 #di1 #hj1 #ia1 #ib1 #ic1 #ie1 #if1 #aae4 ---- ,ambrose1 #ib1 #ig4 ,holiday1 ,h5ry1 #aed1 #aeg4 ,holl&1 ,illu/ration 91 #bdb1 #bfe4 ,hol/1 ,r4 ,n4 ,rol&1 #bfe4 ,horne1 ,h4 ,p41 #ahf4 ,hortulus ,anim7,/rassburg1 #aeaa71 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj4 ,hortus ,sanitatis 7,ma9z1 #adia71 #ci4 ,h\se ( ,joy1 ,! 7,kegan ,paul1 #ahie71 #bca4 ,h\sman1 ,laur5ce1 #bbb1 #bca4 ,hughes1 ,ar?ur1 #aei-afa1 #cjd4 ,hunt1 ,holman1 #aej4 ,hunt+ ( ! ,sn>k1 ,!1 7,macmillan1 #ahgf71 #aed4 ,huon ( ,bordeaux 7,all51 #ahie71 #baa4 ,hupp1 ,otto1 #agd1 #bfc4 ,illum9at$ ,,mss41 #e-aj et seq4 ,image1 ,selwyn1 #ahg1 #ahi4 ,indulg5ces 7,ma9z1 #aded71 #di4 ,inl& ,pr9t]1 ,!1 #bgh4 ,is+r91 ,palma1 #ajh1 #aai1 #abc4 ,italian ,,mss41 #aj1 #cj4 ,italian ,s*ool1 ,x,vth ,c5t41 #ed-fe4 ---- ---- ,x,v,ith ,c5t41 #fg-gh1 #aba1 #acc4 ,italy1 ,mod]n ,illu/ration 91 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,japan1 ,e>ly ,pr9t+ 91 #afc1 #afd4 ,japanese ,illu/ration1 #aef-afd4 ,jones1 ,a4 ,g>?1 #bbf1 #bdi4 ,jug5d1 #bff4 ,ke5e1 ,*>les1 #afi1 #agb4 ,kells1 ,! ,book (1 #aj1 #ac4 ,kelmscott ,press1 ,!1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aic1 #aid1 #bhh1 #bij1 #bia4 ,k]v]1 ,?ielman1 #ed1 #gi1 #ajg4 ,k+ ,w5ceslas1 #bjc4 ,kle9e ,passion1 ,die 7#aeab71 #hj1 #ha1 #hc1 #he4 ,knight ,errant1 ,! 7,bo/on71 #ahi1 #bgc4 ,knopff1 ,f]n&1 #bed4 ,kreut]bu* 7,/rasburg1 #aeea71 #abj4 ,l>is*1 ,m41 #bff4 ,lawless1 ,m4 ,j41 #agb1 #agg4 ,leeu1 ,gh]a]t1 #ca4 ,leid5 ,*ri/i 7,bamb]g1 #adgj71 #c1 #ec4 ,leighton1 ,sir ,fr$]ic1 #aeb4 ,lett]+1 #bfh4 ,levetus1 ,celia1 #bjg1 #bag4 ,lib]ale da ,v]ona1 #cj4 ,l9nell1 ,john1 #adj4 ,l9ton1 ,w4 ,j41 #adf-adi1 #aea4 ,lbeck ,bible1 ,!1 #dg4 ,macdonald's ,at ! 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,rose1 ,,ms41 #bi1 #dc4 ,rossetti1 ,*ri/9a1 #aeb4 ,rossetti1 ,d4 ,g41 #aej1 #aec4 ,ryl&s1 ,h5ry1 #agc4 ,samb\rne1 ,l9ley1 #agj4 ,s&ys1 ,fr$]ick1 #agb1 #age4 ,s>tor ,res>tus 7,bell1 #ahih71 #bbh4 ,sattl]1 ,josef1 #bfe4 ,savage1 ,reg9ald1 #bah4 ,savoy1 ,!1 #bba4 ,s*ff]1 ,p41 #da1 #di1 #ej4 ,s*r]1 ,ma?ias1 #aaa4 ,s*w9d1 ,m41 #agb4 ,scotti% ,art ,review1 ,!1 #ahg4 ,seitz1 ,pr(essor ,a41 #bfe4 ,%annon1 ,c4 ,h41 #bah1 #bbd4 ,si5a1 ,*oir ,books (1 #cj1 #dc1 #de4 ,sir5s ,?ree1 ,! 7,macmillan1 #ahhf71 #ahc4 ,sleigh1 ,b]n>d1 #bjg4 ,smi?1 ,w9ifr$1 #bjg4 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce 7#aghi71 #acg4 ,speculum ,human ,vit 7,augsburg1 #adge71 #ag4 ,sp5ce1 ,r41 #bbd1 #bdg4 ,sp5s]'s ,fa]ie ,que5e 7,all51 #ahif71 #bfi1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bhe1 #bhh1 #bid4 ,spiegel ons] ,beh\d5isse 7,kuil5burg1 #adhc71 #be4 ,/eyn]1 ,he9ri*1 #hg4 ,/o?>d1 ,?omas1 #acf1 #adf4 ,/rang1 ,william1 #bbf1 #bea1 #bec4 ,/range1 ,e4 ,f41 ,alphabets1 #ahe1 #cjj4 ,/ck1 ,franz1 #bfe4 ,/udio1 ,!1 #bba4 ,sullivan1 ,e4 ,j41 #bbg1 #bbh4 ,sumn]1 ,heywood1 #aff1 #afg1 #aga4 ,tacu9o1 ,giov41 #gc4 ,tail-pieces1 #cja4 ,talbot ,pray]-book1 ,!1 #bf4 ,t5ison ,psalt]1 ,!1 ,,ms41 #af1 #ch4 ,t5niel1 ,sir ,john1 #aej4 ,t5nyson's ,poems 7,moxon1 #aheg71 #aej1 #aea4 ,t]5ce1 ,eunu*us1 ,g]man translation 7,ulm1 #adhf71 #bg4 ,?omas1 ,f4 ,inigo1 #bjd1 #bje1 #bjg4 ,title ,page1 developm5t ( !1 #hj4 ,tory1 ,ge(froy1 #abf4 ,t\rnam5t ( ,love1 ,! 7,p>is1 #ahid71 #bdi4 ,trep]el1 ,jehan1 #ea4 ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 ,!1 #ie4 ,tuppo's sop1 #adhe1 #ee4 ,turn]1 ,j4 ,m4 ,w41 #adf4 ,type z affect+ design1 #bfg1 #bhj1 #bid4 ,v$d]1 ,elihu1 #aff4 ,veld5]1 ,jan1 #be4 ,v] ,sacrum1 #bff4 ,vr>d1 #ed4 ,virgil ,solis1 #aca4 ,w*tl91 ,hans1 #if1 #aaa4 ,walton's ,angl] 7,lane1 #ahif71 #bjd4 ,w&]eis51 ,hans1 #aac4 ,weiss ,knig1 ,d] 7#aeab-ad71 #ie1 #ii4 ,:ite1 ,gleeson1 #bba4 ,wilson1 ,patt51 #bba1 #bbi4 ,witney's ,emblems1 #aaf4 ,wood-,engrav+1 ,ma/]s ( 7#ahhi71 #adi4 ,woodr(fe1 ,paul1 #bbg1 #bfc1 #bfe4 ,woodw>d1 ,alice ,b41 #bbg4 ,za9]1 ,johann1 #g1 #aa4 ---- ,gn!r1 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,headpiece ,,by ,,alan ,,wright4 ,illu/ration ,transcrib]'s ,note ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ ne> ! relevant section ( ! text4 ,i h us$ to d5ote bold$ text4 3,y is us$ 9 ! text to repres5t ,y ) an umlaut above x4 ,page head]s v>i$ dep5d+ on ! subjects "u discussion4 ,:]e ! head]s did n mat* ! *apt] title1 ,i h treat$ ! head]s z sid5otes4 ,inconsi/5cies h be5 reta9$ 9 =matt+1 spell+1 hyph5ation1 punctuation1 & gramm>1 except :]e indicat$ 9 ! 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