,,! ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,illu/ration3 ,,ready ,,= ,,! ,,day',s ,,run ,,! ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,,by ,,edw>d ,,hung]=d ,,au?or ,,( ,,little ,,corky1 ,,! ,,man ,,:o ,,/ole ,a ,,railroad1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,_m ,,illu/rations ,,f ,,photographs ,,*icago ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,c,l,u,r,g ,,co4 #aiaa ,,copyright ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,c,l,u,r,g ,,co4 #aiaa ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aiaa ,ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall1 ,london1 ,engl& ,,press ,,( ,,! ,,vail ,,company ,,co%octon1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,to ,,my ,,fa!r ,,9 ,,recognition ,,( ,,8 ,,int]e/ ,,& ,,appreciation ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,,preface ,to br+ to ! great lay m9d "s slight idea ( ! intricacy & ! involv$ detail ( railroad op]ation is ! purpose ( ?is book4 ,( ! intricacies & involv$ details ( railroad f9ance & railroad politics2 ( ! qu>rels betwe5 ! railroads1 ! organizations ( _! employees1 ! gov]nm5tal commissions1 or ! %ipp]s1 x says little or no?+4 ,^! difficult & p]t95t que/ions h be5 & /ill are be+ compet5tly discuss$ by o!r writ]s4 ,! au?or wi%es to ackn[l$ge ! c\rtesy ( ! editors & publi%]s ( ,h>p]'s ,mon?ly1 ,h>p]'s ,weekly1 ,! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/1 & ,out+ 9 p]mitt+ ! introduction into ?is "w ( portions or entire articles :i* he has writt5 = !m 9 ! pa/4 ,he w\ld also feel remiss if he did n publi% 8 s9c]e ackn[l$gm5ts to ,! ,am]ican ,railway1 a compilation f ,scribn]'s ,magaz9e1 publi%$ 9 #ahhg1 ,mr4 ,logan ,g4 ,mc,pherson's ,! ,work+s ( ! ,railroad1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,c>t]'s ,:5 ,railroads ,7 ,new1 & ,mr4 ,frank ,h4 ,spe>man's ,! ,/rategy ( ,great ,railroads4 ,out ( a sizable ref]5ce libr>y ( railroad works1 ^! volumes 7 ! mo/ helpful to him 9 ! prep>ation ( c]ta9 *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,brooklyn1 ,,new ,,york1 ,augu/ #a1 #aiaa4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,railroads ,,& ,,_! ,,beg9n+s #a ,two great gr\ps ( railroads2 ,ea/ to ,we/1 & ,nor? to ,s\?--,"s ( ! giant roads--,canals--,developm5t ( ! c\ntry's natural res\rces--,railroad projects--,locomotives import$--,fir/ locomotive ( ,am]ican manufacture--,opposition ( canal-own]s to railroads--,developm5t ( ,p5nsylvania's an?racite m9es--,! m]g+ ( small l9es into sy/ems4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,gradual ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,railroad #ae ,al>m ( canal-own]s at ! success ( railroads--,! mak+ ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio--,! ,tom ,?umb eng9e--,difficulties 9 cross+ ! ,appala*ians--,ext5sion to ,pittsburgh--,tr\bles ( ! ,erie ,railroad--,?is road ! fir/ to use ! telegraph--,! prairies beg9 to be cross$ by railways--,*icago's fir/ railroad1 ! ,gal5a ,*icago ,union--,ill9ois ,c5tral--,rock ,isl&1 ! fir/ to span ! ,mississippi--,proposals to run railroads to ! ,pacific--,! ,c5tral ,pacific organiz$--,x & ! ,union ,pacific meet--,o!r ,pacific roads4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,a ,,railroad #cd ,co/ ( a s+le-track road--,f9anc+--,secur+ a *>t]-- ,survey-"w & its dang]s--,grades--,con/ruction--,track-la y+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,tunnels #dh ,_! use 9 r$uc+ grades--,! ,hoosac ,tunnel--,! use ( %afts--,tunnell+ "u wat]--,! ,detroit ,riv] tunnel4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,bridges #ef ,bridges ( timb]1 !n /one1 !n /eel--,! ,/>ucca ,viaduct--,! fir/ iron bridge 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--,/eel bridges--,eng9e]+ triumphs--,diff]5t types ( railroad bridge--,! deck span & ! truss span--,susp5sion bridges--,cantilev] bridges--,rea*+ ! solid rock ) caissons--,! "w ( s&-hogs--,! cantilev] ov] ! ,p5d ,oreille ,riv]--,v>iety ( problems 9 bridge-build+--,po9ts 9 favor ( ! /one bridge--,bridges ov] ! ,keys ( ,florida4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,pass5g] ,,/ations #hj ,e>ly tra9s = suburbanites--,importance ( ! t[]man-- ,automatic swit* sy/ems--,! int]lock+ ma*9e--,capacities ( ! l>ge/ pass5g] t]m9als--,room = locomotives1 c>-/orage1 etc4--,/or+ & clean+ c>s--,! conc\rse-- ,wait+-rooms--,baggage accommodations--,heat+--,great developm5t ( pass5g] /ations--,"s notable /ations 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,freight ,,t]m9als ,,& ,,! ,,y>ds #ajg ,conv5i5ce ( hav+ freight /ations at sev]al po9ts 9 a city--,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad's s*eme at ,new ,york z an example--,coal h&l$ ap>t f o!r freight--,assort+ ! c>s--,! transf] h\se--,*>ges = ! use ( c>s n promptly return$ to _! home roads--,! h>d "w ( ! y>dma/]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,locomotives ,,& ,,! ,,c>s #aai ,honor requir$ 9 ! build+ ( a locomotive--,"s ( ! e>ly locomotives--,"s notable locomotive-build]s--,increase ( ! size ( eng9es--,/eph5son's air-brake--,! work%ops-- ,! v>i\s p>ts ( ! eng9e--,c>s ( ! old-"t-- ,improvem5ts by ,w9ans & o!rs--,/eel c>s = freight4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,rebuild+ ,a ,,railroad #ach ,recon/ruction necess>y 9 _m cases--,old grades too heavy-- ,curves /raight5$--,tunnels avoid$--,^! improvem5ts requir$ especially by freight l9es4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,railroad ,,& ,,its ,,presid5t #aeb ,sup]vision ( ! classifi$ activities--,eng9e]+1 op]at+1 ma9t5ance ( way1 etc4--,! divisional sy/em z foll[$ 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,road--,! dep>tm5tal plan z foll[$ 9 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral--,ne$ = vice-presid5ts--,! bo>d ( directors--,h>riman a model presid5t--,h[ ! ,p5nsylvania =c$ itself into ,new ,york ,city--,action ( a presid5t to save ! life ( a labor]'s *ild--,keep "r on obey+ ord]s--,"s railroad presid5ts comp>$--,high sal>ies ( presid5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,legal ,,& ,,f9ancial ,,dep>tm5ts #agj ,functions ( g5]al c\nsel1 & ^? ( g5]al attorney--,a %rewd legal m9d's wor? to a railroad--,! function ( ! claim-ag5t--,m5 & wom5 :o feign injury--,! secret s]vice z an aid to ! claim-ag5t--,wages ( employees ! greate/ ( a railroad's exp5ditures--,! pay-c>--,! comptroll] or auditor--,division ( ! income f ?r\gh tickets--,claims = lo/ or damag$ freight--,pur*as+-ag5t & /ore-keep]4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,g5]al ,,manag] #ahg ,8 duty to keep employees 9 h>moni\s actions--,! sup]9t5d5t deals ) m52 ! g5]al manag] ) sup]9t5d5ts--,! g5]al manag] is really k+--,cases 9 :i* 8 p[] is almo/ despotic--,he mu/ "k m54 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t #bjb ,8 head%ip ( ! transportation organism--,8 mann] ( deal+ ) an (f5d$ %ipp]--,8 mann] ) commut]s--,8 mann] ) a spiteful kick]--,a di%one/ conductor :o _h a pull--,a sy/em ( dem]its = employees--,deal+ ) drunk>ds--,) selfi% & covet\s m54 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,op]at+ ,,! ,,railroad #bbj ,au?ority ( ! *ief cl]k & t ( ! assi/ant sup]9t5d5t--,responsibilities ( eng9e]s1 firem51 ma/] me*anic1 tra9-ma/]1 tra9-despat*]--,arrang+ ! "t-table--,fundam5tal rules ( op]ation--,signals--,select+ eng9e & c>s = a tra9--,cl]ical "w ( conductors--,a trip ) ! conductor--,! despat*]'s au?ority--,signals along ! l9e--,ma9t5ance ( way--,sup]9t5d5t ( bridges & build+s--,road-ma/]--,section boss4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,fell[s ,,out ,,^u ,,! ,,l9e #bdc ,m5 :o run ! tra9s mu/ h bra9 z well z muscle--,_! tra9+--,f f>m]'s boy to eng9e]--,! brakeman's dang]\s "w--,baggagem5 & mail cl]ks--,h&-swit*m5--,! multif>i\s duties ( c\ntry /ation-ag5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,keep+ ,,! ,,l9e ,,op5 #bef ,! wreck+ tra9 & its supplies--,floods damm$ by an embankm5t--,"r ( way always giv5 to ! wreck+-tra9-- ,exp$iti\s "w 9 repair+ ! track--,collapse ( ! ro( ( a tunnel--,telegraph crippl$ by /orms--,w9t] /orms ! sev]e/ te/--,tra9s 9 quick succession help to keep ! l9e op5 9 sn[/orms--,! rot>y pl\gh4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,g4 ,p4 ,a4 ,,& ,,8 ,,(fice #bgf ,he has to keep ! road adv]tis$--,mu/ be an aft]-d9n] orator1 & _m-sid$--,8 g5iality1 urbanity1 c\rtesy-- ,excessive rivalry = pass5g] traffic--,increas+ luxury 9 ,pullman c>s--,_m pr9t$ =ms ( tickets1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,luxury ,,( ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,,travel #bib ,special tra9s provid$--,private c>s--,specials = actors1 actresses1 & musicians--,crude coa*es on e>ly railroads-- ,luxuri\s old-"t sleep+-c>s--,pullman's sleep]s made at fir/ f old coa*es--,8 pione]--,! fir/ d9+-c>s--,! pres5t-day d9+-c>s--,d9n]s1 table d'hte & a la c>te--,caf-c>s--,buffet-c>s--,c>e = ! com=t ( wom54 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,gett+ ,,! ,,city ,,out ,,into ,,! ,,c\ntry #caa ,commut]s' tra9s 9 _m t[ns--,rapid increase 9 ! volume ( suburban travel--,electrification ( ! l9es--,long ,isl& ,railroad almo/ exclusively suburban--,v>i$ di/ances ( suburban homes f ! cities--,club-c>s = commut]s-- ,/at]ooms 9 ! suburban c>s--,special transf] commut]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,freight ,,traffic #cbe ,income f freight traffic great] ?an f pass5g]-- ,competition 9 freight rates--,aft]w>ds a /&>d rate-%eet-- ,rate-w>s virtually end$ by ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission classification ( freight into gr\ps--,diff]5tial freight rates--,demurrage = delay 9 empty+ c>s--,coal traffic-- ,mod]n me?ods ( h&l+ l>d & o!r freight4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,freight #cdc ,fa/ tra9s = preci\s & p]i%able goods--,c>s inv5t$ = fruits & = fi%--,milk tra9s--,sy/ematic h&l+ ( ! cans--,auction+ g>d5-truck at midnight--,a hi/oric city freight-h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,mak+ ,,traffic #cee ,entic+ settl]s to ! virg9 l&s ( ! ,we/--,emigration bureaus--,railways ext5d$ = ! b5efit ( emigrants--,! fir/ cont9u\s railroad across ! ,am]ican cont95t-- ,campaigns = develop+ sp>sely settl$ places 9 ! ,we/-- ,unpr(itable bran* railroads 9 ! ,ea/--,developm5t ( sci5tific f>m+--,improv$ f>ms are traffic-mak]s--,new factories be+ op5$--,h[ railroad manag]s h develop$ ,atlantic ,city4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,express ,,s]vice ,,& ,,! ,,railroad ,,mail #cfi ,developm5t ( express bus9ess--,railroad conductors ! fir/ mail & express mess5g]s--,william ,f4 ,h>nd5's express s]vice--,po/age rates--,e/abli%m5t & organization ( great express companies--,collection & di/ribution ( express matt]--,relation betwe5 express companies & railroads-- ,beg9n+s ( po/-(fice dep>tm5t--,/ati/ics--,railroad mail s]vice--,newspap] deliv]y--,h&l+ ( mail matt]--,gr[? ( ! s]vice4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,me*anical ,,dep>tm5ts #chh ,c>e & repair ( c>s & eng9es--,! locomotive clean$ & inspect$ aft] ea* long j\rney--,frequ5t visits ( eng9es to ! %ops & f\ndries at ,altoona--,! table = te/+ ! p[] & spe$ ( locomotives--,! c> %ops--,/eel c>s beg9n+ to sup]s$e wood5 ones--,pa9t+ a freight c>--,lack ( me?od 9 e>ly repair %ops--,se>* = flaws 9 :eels4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,railroad ,,m>9e #djd ,/eam%ip l9es "u railroad control--,fleet ( ,new ,york ,c5tral--,tugs--,railroad connections at ,new ,york h>bor--,h&l+ ( freight--,f]ry-boats--,tunnel "u ,detroit ,riv]--,c>-f]ries & lake r\tes--,great ,lakes /eam%ip l9es "u railroad control4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,keep+ ,,9 ,,t\* ,,) ,,! ,,m5 #dah ,! fir/ organiz$ bran* ( ! ,railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4-- ,cornelius ,v&]bilt's gift ( a club-h\se--,gr[? ( ! ,railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4--,plans by ! railways to c>e = ! sick & ! crippl$--,! p5sion sy/em--,ent]ta9m5ts--,model re/aurants--,free legal advice--,employees' magaz9es--,! ,ord] ( ! ,r$ ,spot4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,electricity #dcb ,electric /reet c>s--,suburban c>s--,electric ?ird-rail f ,utica to ,syracuse--,"s railroads p>tially adopt electric p[]--,! b5efit ( electric p[] 9 tunnels--,also at t]m9al /ations--,conditions :i* make electric traction practical & economical--,hopeful outlook = electric traction--,! monorail & ! gyroscope c>1 inv5t$ by ,l\is ,br5nan--,a simil> inv5tion by ,augu/ ,s*]l4 ,,app5dix #ddi ,effici5cy ?r\gh ,organization4 ,,index #dfe ,,illu/rations ,,page ,ready = ! day's run ,frontispiece ,an e>ly locomotive built by ,william ,norris = ! ,philadelphia ,read+ ,railroad #ah ,! hi/oric ,john ,bull ( ! ,camd5 ,amboy ,railroad--& its tra9 #ah ,a heavy-grade type ( locomotive built = ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad 9 #ahfd4 ,its fl>+ /ack 0 typical ( ^? ye>s #ai ,con/ruction eng9e]s blaze _! way across ! face ( new c\ntry #ch ,! mak+ ( an embankm5t by dump-tra9 #ci ,small tempor>y railroads peopl$ ) hordes ( re/less eng9es #ci ,cutt+ a pa? = ! railroad ?r\gh ! cre/ ( ! high hills #dd ,a giant fill--9 ! mak+ #dd ,! f9i%+ t\*es to ! track #de ,?is ma*9e c lay a mile ( track a day #de ,sometimes ! con/ruction eng9e] 444 br+s 8 l9e face to face ) a m\nta9 #eb ,f9i%+ ! l9+ ( a tunnel #eb ,! busie/ tunnel po9t 9 ! _w--at ! we/ portals ( ! ,b]g5 tunnels1 six ,erie tracks bel[1 f\r ,lackawanna above #ec ,! ,hack5sack portals ( ! ,p5nsylvania's great tunnels "u ,new ,york ,city #ec ,concrete af=ds wond]ful opportunities = ! bridge-build]s #fh ,! ,lackawanna is build+ ! l>ge/ concrete bridge 9 ! _w across ! ,delaw>e ,riv] at ,slate=d1 ,pa4 #fh ,! bridge-build] lays out an assembl+-y>d = ga!r+ toge!r ! diff]5t p>ts ( 8 new con/ruction #fi ,! new ,br&yw9e ,viaduct ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio1 at ,wilm+ton1 ,del4 #fi ,! ,nor?we/]n's monum5tal new t]m9al on ! ,we/ ,side ( ,*icago #hb ,! ,union ,/ation at ,wa%+ton #hc ,a model ,am]ican railroad /ation--! ,union ,/ation ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 ,bo/on ,albany1 ,delaw>e ,hudson1 & ,we/ ,%ore railroads at ,albany #ajb ,! classic portal ( ! ,p5nsylvania's new /ation 9 ,new ,york #ajb ,! beautiful conc\rse ( ! new ,p5nsylvania ,/ation1 9 ,new ,york #ajc ,! wait+-room is ! monum5tal & arti/ic expression ( ! /ation--! wait+-room ( ! ,union ,depot at ,troy1 ,new ,york #ajc ,some?+ ov] a million doll>s' wor? ( pass5g] c>s are con/antly /or$ 9 ?is y>d #aad ,a sc5e 9 ! great freight-y>ds t surr\nd ,*icago #aad ,! intricacy ( tracks & ! ?roat ( a mod]n t]m9al y>d3 ,s\? ,/ation1 ,bo/on1 & its approa*es #aae ,"o ( ! diamond-/ack locomotives us$ on ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad 9 ! e>ly sev5ties #abf ,prairie type pass5g] locomotive ( ! ,lake ,%ore ,railroad #abf ,pacific type pass5g] locomotive ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es #abf ,atlantic type pass5g] locomotive1 built by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad at its ,altoona %ops #abf ,"o ( ! great ,mallet pu%+ eng9es ( ! ,delaw>e ,hudson ,company #abg ,a t5-:eel$ swit*+ locomotive ( ! ,lake ,%ore ,railroad #abg ,suburban pass5g] locomotive ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es #abg ,consolidation freight locomotive ( ! ,p5nsylvania sy/em #abg ,:]e ,h>riman /ret*$ ! ,s\!rn ,pacific 9 a /raight l9e across ! ,great ,salt ,lake #adj ,l9e revision on ! ,new ,york ,c5tral--tunnell+ ?r\gh ! bases ( ^! jutt+ peaks along ! ,hudson ,riv] does away ) %>p & dang]\s curves #adj ,impressive grade revision on ! ,union ,pacific 9 ! ,black ,hills ( ,wyom+4 ,! disc>d$ l9e may be se5 at ! "r #ada ,! old & ! new on ! ,great ,nor!rn--! ,william ,crooks1 ! fir/ eng9e ( ! ,hill sy/em1 & "o ( ! newe/ ,mallets #aed ,! ,s\!rn ,pacific f9ds direct entrance into ,san ,francisco = "o ( its bran* l9es by tunnels pi]c+ ! he>t ( ! suburbs #aee ,portal ( ! ab&on$ tunnel ( ! ,alleghany ,portage ,railroad ne> ,john/[n1 ,pa41 ! fir/ railroad tunnel 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #aee ,! freight dep>tm5t ( ! mod]n railroad requires a v]itable army ( cl]ks #agf ,! f>m] :o su$ ! railroad = p]man5t injuries-- z ! detectives ) _! cam]as f\nd him #agg ,oil-burn+ locomotive on ! ,s\!rn ,pacific sy/em #aij ,! /eel pass5g] coa* su* z has become /&>d ^u ! ,am]ican railroad #aij ,electric c>1 g5]at+ its own p[] by a gasol9e eng9e #aij ,bo? locomotive & tra9--gasol9e motor c> design$ = bran* l9e s]vice #aij ,! bigge/ locomotive 9 ! _w3 built by ! ,santa ,fe ,railroad at its ,topeka %ops #aia ,! conductor is a high type ( railroad employee #bjh ,! eng9e]--oil-c 9 h&--is =ev] fuss+ at 8 ma*9e #bjh ,railroad responsibility does n end ev5 ) ! track walk] #bji ,! fireman has a h>d job & a /eady "o #bji ,h[ ! real timetable ( ! division looks--! "o us$ 9 headqu>t]s #bbb ,! electro-pneumatic signal-box 9 ! control t[] ( a mod]n t]m9al #bbh ,! responsible m5 :o /& at ! swit*-t[] ( a mod]n t]m9al3 a l>ge t[] ( ! manual type #bbh ,:5 w9t] comes ^u ! l9es ! sup]9t5d5t w h full use = e "o ( 8 wits #bbi ,wat*ful signals gu>d+ ! ma9 l9e ( a busy railroad #bbi ,:5 ! tra9 comes to a wat] /ation ! fireman gets out & fills ! tank #bdh ,a freight-crew & its hack #bdh ,a view ?r\gh ! span ( a mod]n truss bridge gives an idea ( its /r5g? & solidity #bdi ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral is adopt+ ! new =m ( ,upp] quadrant signal #bdi ,! wreck+ tra9 ready to />t out f ! y>d #bfb ,two ( ^! great cranes c grab a w\nd$ ,mogul locomotive & put h] out ( ! way #bfb ,! %op-m5 =m no mean brigade 9 ?is indu/rial army ( ,am]ica #bfc ,w9t] days :5 ! w9d-bl[n sn[ =ms m\nta9s ^u ! tracks #bgb ,! despat*] may h come f "s lonely c\ntry /ation #bgc ,! sup]9t5d5t is n above gett+ out & boss+ ! wreck+-gang once 9 a great :ile #bgc ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad is build+ a new ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation 9 ,new ,york ,city1 = itself & its t5ant1 ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d ,railroad #bhd ,! conc\rse ( ! new ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation1 ,new ,york1 w be "o ( ! l>ge/ rooms 9 ! _w #bhd ,s\? ,/ation1 ,bo/on1 is ! busie/ railroad t]m9al 9 ! _w #bhe ,! tra9-%$ & approa* tracks ( ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia1 /ill "o ( ! f9e/ ( ,am]ican railroad pass5g] t]m9als #bhe ,connect+ draw+-room & /at]oom #bif ,a man may h z f9e a b$ 9 a sleep+-c> z 9 ! be/ hotel 9 all ! l& #bif ,y may h ! manicure ^u ! mod]n tra9 #big ,! d9+-c> is a sociable sort ( place #big ,an int]ior view ( "o ( ! e>lie/ ,pullman sleep+-c>s #cjb ,int]ior ( a /&>d sleep+-c> ( to-day #cjc ,ev5 9 w9t] !re is a homely1 homey air ab\t ! commut]'s /ation #cad ,entrance to ! great f\r-track op5 cut :i* ! ,erie has built = ! commut]'s com=t at ,j]sey ,city #cad ,a model way-/ation on ! l9es ( ! ,bo/on ,albany ,railroad #cae ,! y>dma/]'s (fice--9 an ab&on$ swit*-t[] #cae ,! inside ( any freight-h\se is a busy place #cbh ,/4 ,john's ,p>k1 ! great freight-h\se ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad 9 d[n-t[n ,new ,york #cbh ,! great ore-docks ( ! ,we/ ,%ore ,railroad at ,buffalo #cbi ,! great bridge ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral at ,watk9s ,gl5 #cdj ,build+ ! wond]ful bridge ( ! ,idaho ,wa%+ton ,nor!rn ov] ! ,p5d ,oreille ,riv]1 ,wa%+ton #cda ,inside ! ,we/ ,albany %ops ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral3 pick+ up a locomotive ) ! travell+ crane #cej ,a locomotive ^u ! te/+-table at ! ,altoona %ops ( ! ,p5nsylvania #cej ,! r\ndh\se is a sprawl+ ?+ #cea ,d5iz5s ( ! r\ndh\se #cea ,9 ! ,f> ,we/ ! f>m-tra9 has long s9ce come into its own #cfj ,ev5 9 ,new ,york ,/ate ! int]e/ 9 ^! it9]ant agricultural s*ools is ke51 inde$ #cfa ,int]ior ( ! dairy demon/ration c> ( an agricultural tra9 #cfa ,! fam\s ,?omas ,viaduct1 on ! ,baltimore ,ohio at ,relay1 ,md41 built by ,b4 ,h4 ,latrobe 9 #ahce1 & /ill 9 use #cff ,! hi/oric ,/>ucca ,viaduct ^u ! ,erie #cff ,! cyl9d]s ( ! ,delaw>e ,hudson ,mallet #cfg ,! int]ior ( ?is gasol9e-motor-c> on ! ,union ,pacific pres5ts a mo/ unusual effect1 yet a maximum ( view ( ! out] _w #cfg ,a portion ( ! great d\ble-track ,susquehanna ,riv] bridge ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio--a giant among ,am]ican railroad bridges #cgb ,9 summ] ! brakem5 h pleasant en\gh times ( railroad+ #cgc ,a fam\s cantilev] rapidly disappe>+--! sub/itution ( a new ,k5tucky riv] bridge = ! old1 on ! ,que5 ,cresc5t sy/em #cgc ,triple-phase1 alt]nat+ curr5t locomotive built by ! ,g5]al ,electric ,co4 = use 9 ! ,cascade ,tunnel1 ( ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway #cij ,heavy s]vice1 alt]nat+ & direct curr5t freight locomotive built by ! ,we/+h\se ,company = ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d ,railroad #cij ,! monoroad 9 practical use = c>ry+ pass5g]s at ,city ,isl&1 ,new ,york #cia ,! cig>-%ap$ c> ( ! monoroad #cia ,a mod]n railroad freight & pass5g] t]m9al3 ! t]m9al ( ! ,we/ ,%ore ,railroad at ,weehawk51 opposite ,new ,york ,city #djf ,high-spe$1 direct-curr5t pass5g] locomotive built by ! ,g5]al ,electric ,company = t]m9al s]vice ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral at ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation #djg ,?is is :at ,new ,york ,c5tral ,mc,crea did = ! m5 ( ! ,canadian ,pacific up at ,k5ora #dbj ,a clubh\se built by ! ,s\!rn ,pacific = its m5 at ,roseville1 ,cali=nia #dbj ,! ,b4 ,o4 boys enjoy+ ! ,railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ,*icago ,junction #dba ,! ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,company has organiz$ a brass b& = its employees #dba ,a high-spe$ electric locomotive on ! ,p5nsylvania br++ a ?r\gh tra9 out ( ! tunnel und]nea? ! ,hudson ,riv] & into ! ,new ,york ,city t]m9al #dcd ,high-spe$1 direct-curr5t locomotive built by ! ,we/+h\se ,company = ! t]m9al s]vice ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 9 ,new ,york #dcd ,two triple-phase locomotives ( ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railway help+ a d\ble-head] /eam tra9 up ! grade into ! ,cascade ,tunnel #dce ,! out] %ell ( ! ,new ,hav5's freight locomotive remov$1 %[+ ! work+ p>ts ( ! ma*9e #dce ,! railroad is a mon/]4 ,8 feet are dipp$ into ! navigable seas1 & 8 _m arms rea* into ! upl&s4 ,8 f+]s clut* ! treasures ( ! hills--coal1 iron1 timb]--all ! weal? ( ,"m ,e>?4 ,8 busy h&s t\* ! broad prairies ( corn1 :eat1 fruits--! ye>ly produce ( ! l&4 ,) ceaseless activity he br+s ! raw mat]ial t x may be made into ! f9i%$4 ,he c5tralizes indu/ry4 ,he fills ! %ips t sail ! seas4 ,he br+s ! remote t[n 9 quick t\* ) ! busy city4 ,he /imulates life4 ,he makes life4 ,8 arms /ret* ?r\gh ! t[ns & ov] ! l&4 ,8 /eel muscles rea* across great riv]s & deep valleys1 8 tireless h&s h long s9ce burr[$ _! way ?r\gh ,god's et]nal hills4 ,he is "h1 !re1 ev]y:]e4 ,8 great life is "p & p>cel ( ! great life ( ! nation4 ,he rea*es an arm into an unkn[n c\ntry1 & x is kn[n6 ,great tracts ( l& t 7 untrav]s$ become f>ms2 hillsides yield up _! m9]al treasure2 a busy t[n spr+s into life :]e !re 0 no habitation ( man a little "t be=e1 & ! t[n becomes a city4 ,comm]ce is born4 ,! railroad bids dea? & /agnation begone4 ,x creates4 ,x rea*es =? ) its life1 & life is born4 ,! railroad is life itself6 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,railroads ,,& ,,_! ,,beg9n+s ,,two ,,great ,,gr\ps ,,( ,,railroads2 ,,ea/ ,,to ,,we/1 ,,& ,,nor? ,,to ,,s\?--,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,giant ,,roads--,,canals--,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry',s ,,natural ,,res\rces--,,railroad ,,projects--,,locomotives ,,import$--,,fir/ ,,locomotive ,,( ,,am]ican ,,manufacture--,,opposition ,,( ,,canal-,,own]s ,,to ,,railroads-- ,,developm5t ,,( ,,p5nsylvania',s ,,an?racite ,,m9es--,,! ,,m]g+ ,,( ,,small ,,l9es ,,into ,,sy/ems4 ,fifte5 or tw5ty great railroad sy/ems are ! ov]l& c>ri]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,measur$ by corporations1 kn[n by a va/ v>iety ( diff]+ names1 !re are _m1 _m m ?an ^!4 ,b ?is great numb] is r$uc$1 ?r\gh common own]%ip or ?r\gh a common purpose 9 op]ation1 to less ?an a score ( transportation organisms1 ea* ) its own field1 its own purposes1 & its own ambitions4 ,! great] numb] ( ^! railroads rea* f ea/ to we/1 & s foll[ ! natural l9es ( traffic )9 ! c\ntry4 ,two or ?ree sy/ems--su* z ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral & ! ,delaw>e ,hudson--run at v>iance ) ?is natural tr5d1 & may be class$ z cross-c\ntry r\tes4 ,a few prop]ties h no long-rea*+ r\tes1 b d]ive _! incomes f ! transportation bus9ess ( a comp>atively small exclusive t]ritory1 z ! ,bo/on ,ma9e 9 ,nor!rn ,new ,engl&1 ! ,new ,hav5 9 ,s\!rn ,new ,engl&1 bo? ( !m rec5tly br\ght "u a m or less direct s+le control1 & ! ,long ,isl&4 ,/ill o!r prop]ties f9d _! greate/ rev5ue 9 br++ an?racite coal f ! ,p5nsylvania m\nta9s to ! seabo>d1 & among ^! are ! ,lackawanna1 ! ,lehigh ,valley1 ! ,c5tral ,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey1 & ! ,philadelphia ,read+ sy/ems4 ,! v great railroads ( ,am]ica are ! ea/ & we/ l9es4 ,^! break !mselves q naturally into two divisions--"o gr\p ea/ ( ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 ! o!r we/ ( t /ream4 ,! ea/]ly gr\p aim to f9d an ea/]n t]m9al 9 & ab\t ,new ,york4 ,_! we/]n arms rea* ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is1 :]e ! o!r gr\p ( transcont95tals beg94 ,giants among ^! ea/]n roads are ! ,p5nsylvania & ! ,new ,york ,c5tral4 ,( less] size1 b /ill rank+ z great railroads )9 ?is t]ritory are ! ,*esapeake ,ohio1 ! ,baltimore ,ohio1 & ! ,erie4 ,sev]al ( ! an?racite roads enjoy ?r\gh connections to ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is1 break+ at ,buffalo z an int]*ange po9t1 ab\t half way betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago4 ,!re are important roads 9 ! ,s\?1 rea*+ betwe5 ,gulf po9ts & ,new ,york & tak+ c>e ( ! traffic ( ! c5tres ( ! section1 n[ rapidly increas+ its indu/rial importance4 ,! we/]n gr\p ( transcont95tal r\tes are ! giants 9 po9t ( mileage4 ,! ea/]n roads1 s]v+ a closely-built c\ntry1 c>ry an almo/ incr$ible tonnage2 b ! long1 gaunt we/]n l9es are rea*+ into a c\ntry t has its to-morr[ /ill ahead4 ,( ^!1 ! s-call$ ,h>riman l9es--! ,s\!rn ,pacific & ! ,union ,pacific--occupy ! c5tre ( ! c\ntry1 & rea* f ! ,mississippi to ! ,pacific4 ,! ,santa ,fe & ! ,g\ld roads %>e ?is t]ritory4 ,to ! nor? ( ! ,h>riman l9es1 ,j4 ,j4 ,hill has 8 wond]ful gr\p ( railroads1 ! ,burl+ton1 ! ,great ,nor!rn1 & ! ,nor!rn ,pacific1 toge!r rea*+ f ,*icago to ! nor? ,pacific coa/4 ,/ill f>!r nor? ,canada has h] own transcont95tal 9 ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 ano!r approa*+ completion 9 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific ,railway4 ,! ,grang]s 7s call$ f _! orig9al purpose z gra9 c>ri]s71 t occupy ! ea/]n end ( ?is we/]n t]ritory1--! ,/4 ,paul1 ! ,g\ld l9es1 ! ,nor?we/]n & ! ,rock ,isl&--are j n[ %[+ p]t95t int]e/ 9 rea*+ ! ,pacific1 ) its great ,ori5tal trade 9 its infancy4 ,! fir/ two ( ^! h already laid _! rails ov] ! great slopes ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & s x is t ! build+ ( railroads 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n[h]e ne> a clos$ book at ! pres5t "t4 ,! bett] to und]/& ! causes t w5t to ! mak+ ( ^! great sy/ems1 x may be well to g back into ! pa/1 to exam9e ! eighty ye>s t ! railroad has be5 9 ! mak+4 ,^! busy ye>s are illum9at+4 ,!y tell ) precise accuracy ! developm5t ( ,am]ican transportation4 ,yet1 z we c devote to !m only a few brief pages1 our review ( !m mu/ be cursory4 ,:5 ! ,revolution 0 complet$ & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica firmly e/abli%$ z a nation1 ! p began to give e>ne/ att5tion to int]nal improvem5t & developm5t4 ,"u ! control ( a di/ant & unsympa!tic nation !re _h be5 v little enc\ragem5t = developm5t2 b ) an indep5d5t nation all 0 v diff]5t4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates began vaguely to realize _! va/ inh]5t weal?4 ,h[ to develop t weal? 0 ! surpass+ problem4 ,x became evid5t f ! fir/ t x mu/ dep5d almo/ :olly on transportation facilities4 ,to appreciate ! dim5sions ( ?is problem x mu/ be und]/ood t at ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury a b>rel ( fl\r 0 wor? five doll>s at ,baltimore4 ,x co/ f\r doll>s to transport x to t seaport f ,:eel+2 s x foll[s1 t fl\r mu/ be sold at ,:eel+ at "o doll> a b>rel = ! ,baltimore m>ket4 ,) a bett] =m ( transportation x w\ld co/ a doll> a b>rel to c>ry ! fl\r f ,:eel+ to ,baltimore1 mak+ ! price ( ! commodity at ! fir/ ( ^! po9ts "u transit facilities f\r doll>s a b>rel4 ,x did n take mu* ( t sort ( reason+ to make ! ,/ates appreciate f ! v fir/ t a great ef=t mu/ be made t[>d developm5t4 ,t ef=t1 hav+ be5 made1 br\ght its own rew>d4 ,! v fir/ ef=ts t[>d transportation developm5t lay 9 ! canal works4 ,canals _h already prov$ _! success 9 ,engl& & )9 ,cont95tal ,europe1 & _! introduction into ! ,unit$ ,/ates e/abli%$ _! value f ! beg9n+4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! 7 built 9 ,new ,engl& be=e ! ,revolution4 ,aft] ! close ( t conflict _m o!rs 7 plann$ & built4 ,! great ent]prise ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york 9 plann+ & build+ ! ,erie1 or ,gr& ,canal1 z x 0 at fir/ call$1 f ,albany to ,buffalo--f ,atlantic tidewat] to ! navigable ,great ,lakes 0 a trem5d\s /imulus to simil> ent]prises along ! entire seabo>d4 ,canals 7 built = _m hundr$s ( miles1 & 9 ne>ly e case !y prov$ _! wor? at ! outset4 ,canals 7 also project$ = _m1 _m hundr$s ( additional miles1 = ! success ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! dit*es 0 a great enc\ragem5t to o!r inve/m5ts ( ! sort1 ev5 :]e !re exi/$ f> less necessity = _! con/ruction4 ,!n !re 0 a halt to canal-build+ = a little "t4 ,! inv5tion ( ! /eamboat j a c5tury ago 0 an inc5tive indirectly to canal gr[? b !re 7 o!r ?+s t halt$ ! m9ds ( f>sight$ & cons]vative m54 ,canals 7 fe>fully exp5sive ?+s2 likewise1 !y 7 delicate works1 9 ne$ ( con/ant & exp5sive repairs to keep !m 9 ord]4 ,moreov]1 !re 7 _m w9t] mon?s 9 :i* !y 7 froz5 & useless4 ,x 0 q cle> to ^! f>sight$ m5 f ! outset t ! canal 0 n ! real solution ( ! transportation problem ^u :i* re/$ ! int]nal developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y turn$ _! att5tion to roads4 ,b1 :ile roads 7 comp>atively easy to ma9ta9 & 7 possible r\tes ( communication ! entire ye> r\nd1 !y c\ld n beg9 to comp>e ) ! canals 9 po9t ( tonnage capacity1 because ( ! limitations ( ! draw+ p[] ( animals4 ,"s vision>y s\ls exp]im5t$ ) sail wagons1 b ( c\rse ) no practical results4 ,at ?is "t !re came di/9ct rumors f across ! sea ( a new transportation me?od 9 ,engl&--! railroad4 ,! ,engli% railroads 7 crude affairs built to h&le ! products ( ! colli]ies 9 ! nor!a/ corn] ( ! c\ntry1 to br+ ! coal d[n to ! docks4 ,b !re came m rumors--( a "y eng9e]1 "o ,/eph5son1 :o _h p]fect$ "s sort ( a /eam wagon t w\ld run on rails--a locomotive he call$ x1--& !re 0 to be "o ( ^! railroads built f ,/ockton to ,d>l+ton to c>ry pass5g]s & also freight4 ,^! reports 7 ( va/ int]e/ to ! e>ne/ m5 :o 7 try+ to solve ?is p]plex+ problem ( int]nal transportation4 ,"s ( !m1 :o own$ colli]ies up 9 ! nor!a/]n portion ( ,p5nsylvania & :o 7 conc]n$ ) ! proposition ( gett+ _! product to tidewat]1 7 p>ticul>ly int]e/$4 ,^! g5tlem5 7 call$ ! ,delaw>e ,hudson ,company1 & !y _h already accompli%$ mu* 9 build+ a hundr$ miles ( canal f ,honesdale1 an int]ior t[n1 across a m\nta9\s l& to ,k+/on on ! navigable ,hudson ,riv]4 ,b ! canal1 consid]$ a monum5tal "w 9 its day1 solv$ only a "p ( ! problem4 ,!re /ill rema9$ ! /iff ridge ( ! ,moosic ,m\nta9 t no canal "w might ev] possibly climb4 ,to ! ,delaw>e ,hudson ,company1 !n1 ! railroad proposition 0 ( absorb+ int]e/1 ( suffici5t int]e/ to w>rant x 9 s5d+ ,horatio ,all51 "o ( ! canal eng9e]s1 all ! way to ,engl& = inve/igation & report4 ,all5 0 fill$ ) ! en?usiasm ( y\?4 ,he w5t prep>$ to look into a new era 9 transportation4 ,9 ! meantime o!r railroad projects 7 also "u way 9 ! c\ntry1 %ort & crude affairs ?\gh !y 74 ,z e>ly z #ahjg ,silas ,:itney built a %ort l9e on ,beacon ,hill1 ,bo/on1 :i* is accr$it$ z be+ ! fir/ ,am]ican railroad4 ,x 0 a simple affair ) an incl9$ plane :i* 0 us$ to h&le brick2 & x is said t x 0 prec$$ twelve ye>s by an ev5 m crude tramway1 built = ! same purpose4 ,ano!r e>ly %ort l5g? ( railroad 0 built by ,?omas ,leip] at 8 qu>ry 9 ,delaw>e ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x has its *ief int]e/ f ! fact t x 0 design$ by ,john ,?omson1 fa!r ( ,j4 ,edg> ,?omson1 :o became at a mu* lat] day presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company1 & :o is kn[n z "o ( ! ma/] m9ds 9 ,am]ican transportation progress4 ,simil> records rema9 ( ! exi/5ce ( a %ort l9e ne> ,ri*mond1 ,va41 built to c>ry supplies to a p[d] mill1 & o!r l9es at ,be> ,creek ,furnace1 ,p5nsylvania1 & at ,na%ua1 ,n4 ,h4 ,b ! only "o ( ^! roads t seems to h atta9$ a la/+ di/9ction 0 "o built by ,gridley ,bryant 9 #ahbf to c>ry granite = ! ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t f ! qu>ries at ,qu9cy1 ,mass41 to ! docks f\r miles di/ant4 ,?is road 0 built ( heavy wood5 rails atta*$ 9 a sub/antial way to /one sleep]s imb$d$ 9 ! e>?4 ,x atta9$ consid]able di/9ction & became ( su* g5]al int]e/ t a public h\se 0 op5$ alongside its rails to accommodate sightse]s f af> :o came to see x4 ,?is railroad cont9u$ 9 s]vice = m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,b ! motive p[] ( all ^! railroads 0 ! horse2 & x 0 pat5t f ! outset t ! horse _h nei!r ! /ay+ nor ! haul+ p[]s to make him a real factor 9 ! railroad situation4 ,s :5 ,horatio ,all5 return$ to ,new ,york f ,engl& 9 ,janu>y1 #ahbi1 ) gl[+ acc\nts ( ! success ( ! ,engli% railroads1 he f\nd ! progressive m5 ( ! ,delaw>e ,hudson anxi\sly await+ an inspection ( ! ,/\rbridge ,lion1 ! fir/ ( f\r locomotives pur*as$ by ,all5 = importation into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?ree ( ^! ma*9es 7 f ! works ( ,fo/]1 ,ra/rick ,co41 ( ,/\rbridge2 ! f\r? 0 ! creation ( ,/eph5son's ma/] h&4 ,! ,lion arriv$ 9 ,may ( t ye>1 & aft] hav+ be5 set up on blocks & fir$ = ! b5efit ( a gr\p ( sci5tific m5 9 ,new ,york x 0 %ipp$ by riv] & canal to ,honesdale4 ,all5 plac$ ! ,/\rbridge ,lion--:i* resembl$ a giant gras%opp] ) its mass ( ext]ior valves1 & jo9ts--on ! crude wood5 track ( ! railroad1 :i* ext5d$ ov] ! m\nta9 to ,c>bondale1 sev5te5 miles di/ant4 ,a few days lat]--! n9? ( ,augu/1 to be exact--he ran ! ,lion1 ! fir/ turn+ ( an eng9e :eel ^u ,am]ican soil4 ,details ( t sc5e h come easily d[n to to-day4 ,! track 0 built ( heavy hemlock /r+]s on :i* b>s ( iron1 two & a qu>t] in*es wide & "o-half an in* ?ick 7 spik$4 ,! eng9e weigh$ sev5 tons1 in/ead ( ?ree tons1 z _h be5 expect$4 ,x s happ5$ t ! rails _h become slightly w>p$ j above ! t]m9al ( ! railroad1 :]e ! track cross$ ! ,lackawax5 ,creek on a b5d+ tre/le4 ,all5 _h be5 w>n$ aga9/ ?is tre/le & 8 only response 0 to call = pass5g]s ^u ! initial ride4 ,no "o accept$4 ,!re 0 a preci\s ,p5nsylvania reg>d %[n = ! safety ( "o's neck4 ,s1 aft] runn+ ! eng9e up & d[n ! coal dock = a few m9utes1 ,all5 wav$ good-bye to ! cr[d1 op5$ 8 ?rottle wide op5 & da%$ away f ! village ar\nd ! abrupt curve & ov] ! trembl+ tre/le at a rate ( t5 miles an h\r4 ,! cr[d :i* _h expect$ to see ! eng9e d]ail$1 broke into res\nd+ *e]s4 ,! initial trial ( a locomotive 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h s]v$ to prove its wor?4 ,! c>e] ( ! ,/\rbridge ,lion 0 %ort liv$4 ,x haul$ coal c>s = a little "t at ,honesdale2 b x 0 too big an eng9e = s slight a railroad1 & x 0 soon dismantl$4 ,its boil] cont9u$ to s]ve ! ,delaw>e ,hudson ,company = _m ye>s at its %ops on ! hillside above ,c>bondale4 ,! fate ( ! ?ree o!r import$ ,engli% locomotives rema9s a my/]y4 ,!y 7 br\ght to ,new ,york & /or$1 ev5tually to f9d _! way to ! scrap heap 9 "s unkn[n fa%ion4 ,mr4 ,all5 held no %ort-liv$ c>e]4 ,8 exp]im5ts ) ! locomotive rank$ him z a railroad eng9e] ( ! highe/ class1 & be=e ! ye> #ahbi clos$ he 0 made *ief eng9e] ( :at 0 at fir/ kn[n z ! ,*>le/on ,hamburg ,railroad1 & aft]w>ds z ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,railroad4 ,?is 0 an ambiti\s project1 design$ to connect ! old ,c>ol9a seaport ) ! ,savannah ,riv]1 "o hundr$ & ?irty-six miles di/ant4 ,x a*iev$ its greate/ fame z ! railroad :i* fir/ op]at$ a locomotive ( ,am]ican manufacture4 ,?is eng9e1 call$ ! ,be/ ,fri5d ( ,*>le/on1 0 built at ! ,we/ ,po9t ,f\ndry 9 ,new ,york ,city & 0 %ipp$ to ,*>le/on 9 ! ,fall ( #ahcj4 ,x 0 a crude affair1 & on its trial trip1 on ,novemb] #b1 ( t ye>1 x sprung a :eel out ( %ape & became d]ail$4 ,/ill x 0 a beg9n+2 & aft] ! :eels _h be5 put 9 good %ape x ent]$ into regul> s]vice1 :i* 0 m ?an ! ,/\rbridge ,lion _h ev] done4 ,x c\ld haul f\r or five c>s ) =ty or fifty pass5g]s at a spe$ ( f fifte5 to tw5ty-five miles an h\r1 s ! ,*>le/on ,hamburg became ! fir/ ( our /eam railroads ) a regul> pass5g] s]vice4 ,a little lat]1 a bigg] & bett] eng9e1 also ( ,am]ican manufacture & call$ ! ,we/ ,po9t1 0 s5t d[n f ,new ,york4 ,^w ( ^! e>ly railroad exp]im5ts travell$ across ! c\ntry z if by "s magic pr$ecessor ( ! telegraph4 ,o!r railroad projects f\nd !mselves "u way4 ,ano!r colli]y railroad1 a m>vell\s ?+ ( planes & gravity desc5ts1 0 built at ,mau* ,*unk 9 ! ,lehigh ,valley1 & ?is /\t old road is 9 use to-day z a pass5g]-c>ri]4 ,b x 0 already se5 t ! future ( ! railroad 0 n to be limit$ to qu>ries or colli]ies4 ,up 9 ,new ,engl& ! railroad fev] _h tak5 hold ) =ce2 & 9 #ahca1 con/ruction 0 begun on ! ,bo/on ,l[ell ,railroad4 ,?is l9e 0 analog\s to ! ,man*e/] ,liv]pool1 :i* prov$ itself f ! beg9n+ a trem5d\s money-e>n]4 ,bo/on1 a seaport ( sixty ?\s& inhabitants 0 to be l9k$ ) ,l[ell1 !n possess+ b six ?\s& inhabitants4 ,/ill1 ev5 9 ^? days1 ,l[ell _h develop$ to a po9t t saw fifte5 ?\s& tons ( freight & ?irty-sev5 ?\s& pass5g]s h&l$ betwe5 ! two cities ov] ! ,middlesex ,canal 9 #ahbi4 ,!n !re develop$ ! fir/ ( a new sort ( antagonism t ! railroad 0 to face4 ,! own]s ( ! canals 7 ke5-sight$ en\gh to discov] a dang]\s new antagoni/ 9 ! railroads4 ,!y prote/$ to ! ,legislature t _! *>t] gave !m a monopoly ( ! c>ry+ privileges betwe5 ,bo/on & ,l[ell1 & = two ye>s !y 7 able to /rangle ! ambitions ( ! propos$ railroad4 ,?is fight 0 a type ( o!r battles t 7 to foll[ betwe5 ! canals & ! railroads4 ,! v>i\s l9es t rea*$ across ,new ,york ,/ate f ,albany to ,buffalo1 p>allel+ ! ,erie ,canal1 7 once prohibit$ f c>ry+ freight1 = fe> t ! canal's supremacy z a c>ri] might be di/urb$4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad1 /ruggl+ to blaze a pa? t[>d ! ,we/1 0 = a long "t halt$ by ! ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal1 :i* propos$ to hold to its monopoly ( ! valley ( ! ,potomac4 ,! ,bo/on ,l[ell1 h[ev]1 conqu]$ its ob/acles & 0 f9ally op5$ to traffic1 ,june #bf1 #ahce4 ,)9 a few mon?s simil> l9es rea*+ f ,bo/on to ,worce/] on ! we/1 & ,provid5ce on ! s\? _h also be5 op5$4 ,by #ahci ,bo/on ,worce/] _h be5 ext5d$ ?r\gh to ,spr+field on ! ,connecticut ,riv]1 :]e x connect$ ) ! ,we/]n ,railroad1 ext5d+ ov] ! ,b]k%ires to ,gre5bu%1 opposite ,albany4 ,! ,provid5ce ,road 0 rapidly ext5d$ ?r\gh to ,/on+ton1 ,connecticut4 ,f t po9t fa/ /eamboats 7 op]at$ ?r\gh to ,new ,york1 & a quick l9e ( communication 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,be=e t "t ! fa/e/ r\te betwe5 ^! two cities _h be5 by /eamboat to ,norwi*1 !n by coa* ov] ! po/-road up to ,bo/on4 ,norwi* saw ! railroad take away its supremacy 9 ! ?r\gh traffic4 ,f9ally x awoke to its necessity1 & arrang$ to build a railroad to rea* ! exi/+ l9e at ,provid5ce4 ,betwe5 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia railroad communication came quickly into be+1 ! fir/ r\te op5$ be+ ! ,camd5 ,amboy1 :i* t]m9at$ at ! end ( a long f]ry ride f ,new ,york4 ,ev5 aft] m direct r\tes _h be5 e/abli%$ & ! ,delaw>e cross$ at ,tr5ton1 x 0 _m ye>s be=e ! tra9s ran direct f ,j]sey ,city into ! he>t ( ! ,quak] ,city4 ,! c>s f ,new ,york us$ to /op at ,tacony1 consid]ably above ! city & !re 0 /ill a /eamboat ride d[n ! riv]4 ,! railroad r\te to ,baltimore 0 only a p>tial "o4 ,a /eamboat took ! travell] to ,new ,ca/le1 ,delaw>e1 :]e a %ort pione] railroad cross$ to ,fr5* ,t[n1 ,m>yl&4 ,aft] t !re 0 ano!r long /eamboat ride d[n ! flat rea*es ( ! ,*esapeake ,bay be=e ,baltimore 0 f9ally rea*$4 ,a little lat] !re develop$ an all-rail r\te betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,baltimore al?\gh n ^u ! l9e ( ! pres5t mo/ direct r\te4 ,f ,philadelphia an e>ly d\ble-track railroad ext5d$ we/ to ,columbia1 ^u ! ,susquehanna ,riv]4 ,an e>ly r\te ext5d$ due nor? f ,baltimore to ,york1 & !n to ,h>risburg2 ! p>5t /em ( :at aft]w>ds became ! ,nor!rn ,c5tral4 ,a bran* f ?is l9e 0 ext5d$ ?r\gh to ,columbia1 & ! ,new ,ca/le & ,fr5* ,t[n r\te lo/ popul>ity4 ,b ! ,columbia & ,philadelphia r\te 0 de/9$ to m important ?+s ?an m]ely af=d+ an all-rail r\te to ,baltimore4 ,at ,columbia x connect$ ) ! important ,p5nsylvania ,/ate sy/em ( int]nal canals & railroads1 af=d+ a direct l9e ( communication ) ,pittsburgh & ! headwat]s ( ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ by use ( a canal ?r\gh to ,hollidaysburgh ^u ! ea/ slope ( ! ,alleghanies1 & ! well-fam$ ,alleghany ,portage ,railroad ov] ! summit ( ^? m\nta9s to ,john/[n1 :]e ano!r canal rea*$ d[n into ,pittsburgh & enjoy$ unexampl$ prosp]ity f #ahcd to #ahed4 ,! ,alleghany ,portage railroad 0 a solidly con/ruct$ affair & its rails aft] ! fa%ion ( almo/ all railroads ( t day 7 laid ^u /one sleep]s1 r[s ( :i* may /ill be se5 :]e ! long-s9ce ab&on$ railroad f\nd its pa? across ! m\nta9s4 ,! ,portage ,railroad 0 op]at$ by ! mo/ elaborate sy/em ( incl9$ planes ev] put to s]vice )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 "o has only to turn to ! pages ( ,dick5s's ,am]ican ,notes to read3 ,we left ,h>risburg on ,friday4 ,on ,sunday morn+ we arriv$ at ! foot ( ! m\nta91 :i* is cross$ by railroad4 ,!re are t5 incl9$ planes1 five asc5d+ & five desc5d+2 ! c>riages are dragg$ up ! =m] & sl[ly let d[n ! latt] by means ( /ation>y eng9es1 ! comp>atively level spaces betwe5 be+ trav]s$ sometimes by horse & sometimes by eng9e p[]1 z ! case dem&s4444 ,! j\rney is v c>efully made1 h[ev]1 only two c>riages travell+ toge!r2 & :ile prop] precaution is tak51 is n to be dread$ = its dang]s4 ,! ,portage ,railroad 0 ! fir/ to surm\nt ! ,alleghanies al?\gh 9 c\rse ( "t its elaborate sy/em ( planes disappe>$1 z !y disappe>$ else:]e1 "u ! developm5t ( ! locomotive4 ,an int]e/+ feature ( ! op]ation ( ! ea/]n end ( ?is r\te ( communication across ! ,key/one ,/ate1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds to develop into ! mighty ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 0 ! communal nature ( ! ent]prise4 ,! railroad 0 reg>d$ z a highway4 ,any p]son 0 suppos$ly free to use its rails = ! haul+ ( 8 produce 9 8 own c>s4 ,! !ory ( ! ,columbia ,philadelphia ,railroad 0 simply t ( an improv$ turnpike4 ,= t5 ye>s aft] ! op5+ ( ! l9e 9 #ahcd1 ! horse-teams ( private freight haul]s alt]nat$ ^u ! tracks betwe5 /eam locomotives haul+ tra9s4 ,a team ( worn-out horses haul+ a f\r-:eel$ c>1 load$ ) f>m produce c\ld1 & frequ5tly did keep a pass5g] tra9 haul$ by a /eam locomotive frett+ along = h\rs beh9d x4 ,9 ! end ! use ( horses 0 aboli%$ on ! ,philadelphia ,columbia--! "n ( ! road _h be5 rev]s$--& 9 #aheg ! road 0 sold by ! ,/ate to ! newly organiz$ ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company4 ,! ,p5nsylvania _h already built a ?r\gh rail r\te f ,columbia ov] ! ,alleghanies1 &1 by ! aid ( ! wond]ful ,horse ,%oe ,curve & ! ,gallitz9 ,tunnel1 ?r\gh to ,pittsburgh2 x _h creat$ its %op-t[n ( ,altoona & ab&on$ = all "t ! ,alleghany ,portage ,railroad4 ,b be=e ! consolidation came to pass1 two companies _h be5 organiz$ to control freight-c>ry+ ^u ! tracks ( ! ,philadelphia ,columbia ,railroad4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,p's l9e1 ! o!r ! ,union l9e2 & 9 !m 0 ! g]m ( ! private c> l9es1 :i* 9 rec5t ye>s h become s vex$ a problem to ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission4 ,!re 7 o!r %ort railroad l9es 9 ,p5nsylvania1 mo/ ( !m built to br+ ! products ( ! rapidly develop+ an?racite di/rict d[n to tidewat]4 ,across ,new ,york ,/ate ano!r *a9 ( little railroads1 :i* 7 9 _! turn to become ! ma9 /em ( "o ( ,am]ica's mightie/ sy/ems1 0 "u con/ruction4 ,! fir/ ( ?is *a9 to be built 0 ! ,mohawk ,hudson1 ext5d+ f ! capital city ( ,albany1 by means ( a %>ply grad$ plane1 to a tablel& :i* br\ght x 9 turn to a desc5d+ plane at ,s*5ectady4 ,at ?is la/ city x enjoy$ a connection ) ! ,erie ,canal1 & = a "t ! packet-boat m5 hail$ ! new railroad z a great help to _! trade4 ,x %ort5$ a great "t-tak+ b5d 9 ! canal1 & help$ to popul>ize t wat]way j s mu* z a pass5g] c>ri]4 ,aft]w>ds ! packet-boat m5 ?\ght diff]5tly4 ,h>dly _h ! ,mohawk ,hudson be5 op5$ on ,augu/ #i1 #ahca1 by an excursion trip beh9d ! ,am]ican built locomotive ,de,witt ,cl9ton1 :5 ! railroad fev] took hold ( ,new ,york ,/ate z h>d z ! canal fev] _h tak5 hold ( x b a few ye>s be=e4 ,railroads 7 plann$ ev]y:]e & "s ( !m 7 built4 ,m5 began to dream ( a l9k ( railroads all ! way ?r\gh f ,albany to ,buffalo & ev5 ! tr\bles ( a decade1 m>k$ ) a monum5tal f9ancial cra%1 c\ld n entirely avail to /op railroad-build+4 ,! railroads came1 /ep by /ep2 "o railroad f ,s*5ectady to ,utica1 ano!r f t p5t-up city to ,syracuse1 /ill ano!r f ,syracuse to ,ro*e/]4 ,f ,ro*e/] sep>ate railroads l$ to ,tonaw&a & ,niag>a ,falls2 to ,batavia1 ,attica1 & ,buffalo4 ,b ! panic ( '#cg 0 a h>d bl[ to ambiti\s f9ancial s*emes1 & x 0 six ye>s !reaft] be=e ! all-rail r\te f ,albany to ,buffalo 0 a reality4 ,ev5 aft] t x 0 a crude sort ( affair4 ,at sev]al ( ! l>ge t[ns across ! ,/ate ! cont9uity ( ! rails 0 brok54 ,utica 0 jeal\s ( ?is privilege & def5d$ x on "o occasion ?r\gh a committee ( em95t draym51 'bus-driv]s1 & inn-keep]s1 :o w5t d[n to ,albany to keep two ( ! e>ly r\tes f mak+ rail connections )9 h] b\nd>ies4 ,at ,ro*e/] !re 0 a simil> break1 :]e9 bo? pass5g]s & freight _h to be transport$ by horses across ! city f ! railroad t l$ f ! ea/ to ! railroad t l$ t[>ds ! we/4 ,?is matt] ( c>ry+ pass5g]s across a city has always /imulat$ local pride4 ,along 9 ! fifties ,erie1 ,pa41 wag$ a bitt] w> to prev5t ! ,lake ,%ore ,railroad f mak+ its gauge uni=m ?r\gh t city & ab&on+ a "t-honor$ transf] ( pass5g]s & freight !re4 ,b !re seems to be no /opp+ ( ! h& ( ultimate de/9y 9 railroad+4 ,! little weak roads across ! ,empire ,/ate 7 fir/ ga!r$ into ! p[]ful ,new ,york ,c5tral1 & aft] a "t !y 7 p]mitt$ to c>ry freight1 ! privilege d5i$ !m a long "t because ( ! p[] ( ! ,erie ,canal4 ,aft] a little long] "t !re 0 a great bridge built across ! ,hudson ,riv] at ,albany1 & soon aft] ! close ( ! ,civil ,w> %rewd old ,commodore ,v&]bilt br\ght ! railroad t _h be5 built up ! ea/ %ore ( ! ,hudson1 8 pet ,new ,york ,h>lem1 & ! m]g$ *a9 ( railroads across ! ,/ate1 into ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad1 8 great lifework4 ,t sy/em spread itself /eadily4 ,x built a new %ort l9e f ,syracuse to ,ro*e/]1 ano!r f ,batavia to ,buffalo4 ,x absorb$ & x consolidat$2 gradually x s5t its t5tacles ov] ! entire imp]ial /r5g? ( ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,gradual ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,railroad ,,al>m ,,( ,,canal-,,own]s ,,at ,,! ,,success ,,( ,,railroads--,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,! ,,baltimore ,,ohio--,,! ,,tom ,,?umb ,,eng9e--,,difficulties ,,9 ,,cross+ ,,! ,,appala*ians--,,ext5sion ,,to ,,pittsburgh--,,tr\bles ,,( ,,! ,,erie ,,railroad--,,?is ,,road ,,! ,,fir/ ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,telegraph--,,! ,,prairies ,,beg9 ,,to ,,be ,,cross$ ,,by ,,railways--,,*icago',s ,,fir/ ,,railroad1 ,,! ,,gal5a ,,*icago ,,union--,,ill9ois ,,c5tral--,,rock ,,isl&1 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,to ,,span ,,! ,,mississippi--,,proposals ,,to ,,run ,,railroads ,,to ,,! ,,pacific--,,! ,,c5tral ,,pacific ,,organiz$--,,x ,,& ,,! ,,union ,,pacific ,,meet--,,o!r ,,pacific ,,roads4 ,all ! railroad projects already relat$ 7 timid projects 9 ! beg9n+1 ) h>dly a ?\ght ( ultimate greatness4 ,yet !re 7 m51 ev5 9 ! e>lie/ days ( railroad+1 ^: m9ds w+$ to great ent]prises1 ^: dreams 7 empire-wide4 ,( su* m5 0 ! ,baltimore ,ohio born4 ,baltimore1 l ,philadelphia1 _h gre$ily wat*$ ! success ( ! ,erie ,canal ^u its completion1 & not$ ) al>m its possible effects ^u its own :>ves4 ,philadelphia1 ) ! weal? ( ! great ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania beh9d1 _h s\ght to protect h]self by ! con/ruction ( ! long l9ks ( canal & railroad to ,pittsburgh1 ( :i* y h already read4 ,b ,baltimore _h no great ,/ate to call to h] support4 ,%e mu/ look to h]self = /r5g?4 ,out ( h] em95t necessity = self-pres]vation came m5 ( ! /r5g? & ! fibre to meet ! em]g5cy4 ,baltimore might h retreat$ f ! situation1 z "s ( ! ,new ,engl& t[ns _h retreat$ f x1 & become a somnol5t rem9isc5ce ( a prosp]\s ,colonial seaport4 ,%e did no?+ ( ! sort4 ,in/ead %e made h]self ! t]m9al & inspiration ( a great railroad1 laid ! f\ndations ( a great & la/+ gr[?4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad 0 born ,febru>y #ab1 #ahbg4 ,on ! ev5+ ( t day1 a little gr\p ( citiz5s ( ! /urdy old ,s\!rn metropolis ga!r$ at ! h\se ( ,george ,br[n4 ,mr4 ,br[n toge!r ) ,philip ,e4 ,?omas1 a di/+ui%$ m]*ant & philan?ropi/ ( ,baltimore1 _h be5 mak+ inve/igation into ! possibilities ( railroads4 ,! fact t ! ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal1 :i* 0 already well advanc$ 9 con/ruction1 w\ld h its ea/]n t]m9us at ! ,potomac ,riv]1 ne> ,wa%+ton1 br\ght no com=t to ! m]*ants ( ,baltimore4 ,wond] n !n1 t ! /]n old trad]s ( t city assembl$ to consid] ! be/ means ( re/or+ to ! city ( ,baltimore t portion ( ! we/]n trade :i* has lately be5 div]t$ f x by ! introduction ( /eam navigation & o!r causes4 ,f t ,febru>y day to ?is ! corporate title ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio has be5 un*ang$1 despite ! c>e] ( ! mo/ extreme vicissitudes--long ye>s ( %ad[s t 7 almo/ complete despair1 o!r ye>s t 7 brilliant ) success4 ,x 0 decid$ at ! outset t ! comm]cial supremacy ( ,baltimore re/$ on h] conque/ ( ! ,appala*ian ,m\nta9s1 ( h] rea*+ by an easy artificial highway ! almo/ limitless wat]ways ( ! ,we/ t l9k$ !mselves ) ! navigable ,ohio4 ,b = ! beg9n+ x 0 agre$ t ,cumb]l&1 long an important po9t on ! well-fam$ ,national ,highway1 & ev5 !n a c5tre 9 ! coal traffic1 0 a f> en\gh di/ant goal to be wor?y ( ! mo/ ambiti\s ent]prise4 ,inde$ a long cutt+ ?r\gh a hill 9 ! fir/ section ( ! road prov$ a s]i\s f9ancial ob/acle to ! directors ( ! /ruggl+ railroad4 ,b ^! la/ 7 m5 :o p]sev]$4 ,!y />t$ to lay _! track = ! ?irte5 miles f ,baltimore to ,ellicott's ,mills on ,july #d1 #ahbh4 ,t occasion 0 honor$ by an old-"t celebration 9 :i* ! *ief figure 0 ,*>les ,c>roll1 ( ,c>rollton1 :o laid ! fir/ /one ( ! new l9e4 ,aft] 8 s]vices 7 f9i%$ he said to a fri5d3 ,i consid] ?is among ! mo/ important ?+s ( my life1 second only to ! sign+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 if ev5 x be second to t4 ,( t act ,presid5t ,hadley1 ( ,yale1 has writt53 ,"o man's life =m$ ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! political revolution ( ! "o c5tury & ! indu/rial revolution ( ! o!r4 ,no soon] _h actual con/ruction begun on ! new l9e1 ?an ! directors f\nd !mselves beset by _m difficulties4 ,_! ent]prise 0 !n s unusual1 t !y w5t bl9dly1 /umbl+ ahead 9 ! d>k4 ,ev5 ! con/ruction ( ! track itself 0 exp]im5tal4 ,x 0 fir/ plann$ to use wood5 rails hewn f oak1 & ^! 7 to be m\nt$ ^u /one sleep]s set 9 a rock balla/4 ,! money sp5t 9 su* track 0 obvi\sly wa/$4 ,all su* con/ruction _h to be torn out be=e ! traffic 0 at all sizable1 & replac$ by iron rails & wood5 sleep]s4 ,b ! track 0 ! lea/ ( ! company's problems4 ,x _h gone ahead to build a railroad ) a v vague conception z to its p]man5t motive-p[]4 ,x 0 soon se5 !re1 too1 t horses 7 out ( ! "q = haul+ ! pass5g]s & freight any consid]able di/ance4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio ,company gravely exp]im5t$ at "o "t ) a c> :i* 0 c>ri$ be=e ! w9d by means ( ma/ & sail4 ,/urdy old ,pet] ,coop]1 ( ,new ,york1 f9ally solv$ t motive-p[] problem4 ,he _h be5 induc$ to buy ?ree ?\s& acres ( l& 9 ! outskirts ( ,baltimore = speculation4 ,reque/s s5t by 8 ,baltimore p>tn]s = remittances1 = taxes & o!r *>ges1 became s frequ5t t he w5t to ! ,m>yl& city to inve/igate4 ,"o glance %[$ him t ! future ( 8 inve/m5t re/$ ^u ! future ( ! /ruggl+ little railroad :i* 0 try+ to poke its nose we/ f ,baltimore4 ,he came to ! aid ( its directors 9 _! problem ( motive-p[]4 ,t problem consi/$1 = "o ?+1 9 ! practical use ( a locomotive ar\nd curves ( #djj feet radius4 ,coop] w5t back to ,new ,york1 b\ght an eng9e ) a s+le cyl9d]1 rigg$ x on a c>--n l>g] ?an a h&-c>1 ge>$ x to ! :eels ( t c> & solv$ ! *ief problem ( ! ,b4 ,o4 ,8 little eng9e--! ,tom ,?umb--0 a primitive en\gh affair1 b x po9t$ ! way to ^! ,baltimore m]*ants :o 7 p9n+ _! entire fai? to _! railroad project4 99 99 99 99 99 ,two ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! "w1 brigades ( horse-c>s 7 9 regul> s]vice to ,ellicott's ,mills2 by ! fir/ ( ,decemb]1 #ahca1 tra9s--/eam-drawn--ran ?r\gh to ,fr$]ick1 ,md42 five mon?s lat]1 to a day1 !y _h rea*$ ,po9t ( ,rocks on ! ,potomac1 sev5ty miles f ,baltimore4 ,at ,po9t ( ,rocks ! road 0 halt$ = a long "t4 ,! p[] ( ! p[]ful ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal1 :i* _h be5 great en\gh to keep ,/ate or national grants f /ruggl+ railroads1 0 rais$ to def5d its claim to a monopoly ( ! ,potomac ,valley1 by "r ( priority4 ,?is "r 0 su/a9$ 9 ! c\rts1 & ! railroad held back two ye>s1 until x c\ld buy a compromise4 ,9 #ahce1 a highly pr(itable bran* 0 op5$ to ,wa%+ton1 :ile e>ly 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 tra9s 7 runn+ ?r\gh to ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 at ! m\? ( ! ,%5&oah4 ,dur+ t same ,summ] ( #ahce1 def9ite /eps 7 tak5 t[>d ! ext5sion ( ! railroad to ,pittsburgh1 z well z ,:eel+4 ,b x 0 ?ree ye>s lat] be=e ! /ruggl+ company 0 ready to make a survey+ reconnaissance ( ^! ext5sions ( ! road4 ,all ?r\gh t "t actual con/ruction "w 0 sl[ly b q surely progress+ we/w>d f ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 & on ,novemb] #e1 #ahdb1 tra9s ent]$ ,cumb]l&1 ! "o-"t objective po9t ( ! ent]prise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,e>ly ,,locomotive ,,built ,,by ,,william ,,norris ,,= ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,read+ ,,railroad ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,john ,,bull ,,( ,,! ,,camd5 ,,amboy ,,railroad--,,& ,,its ,,tra9 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,heavy-,,grade ,,type ,,( ,,locomotive ,,built ,,= ,,! ,,baltimore ,,ohio ,,railroad ,,9 #ahfd4 ,,its ,,fl>+ ,,/ack ,,0 ,,typical ,,( ,,^? ,,ye>s ,b beyond ,cumb]l& ! road gradually left ! com=table valley ( ! ,potomac1 & ^! e>ly railroad build]s f\nd !mselves confront$ ) new difficulties4 ,to build a railroad across ! range ( ! ,appala*ians1 ) ! primitive me?ods & ma*9]y ( ^? days 0 no simple task4 ,= n9e ye>s ! con/ruction "w dragg$4 ,9 #ahea ! l9e _h only be5 f9i%$ to ,pi$mont1 tw5ty-n9e miles we/ ( ,cumb]l&1 & its build]s 7 well-nigh disc\rag$4 ,let u quote f ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,b4 ,o41 f :i* we d]ive ^! facts1 9 an exact p>agraph3 ,9 ! ,fall ( #ahea1 ! ,bo>d f\nd !mselves1 almo/ )\t w>n+1 9 ! mid/ ( a f9ancial crisis1 ) a family ( m ?an #e1jjj labor]s & #a1bjj horses to be provid$ =1 :ile _! treasury 0 rapidly gr[+ weak]4 ,! comm]cial exi/5ce ( ! city ( ,baltimore dep5d$ on ! prompt & successful prosecution ( ! unf9i%$ road4 ,9 ,octob]1 #aheb1 x 0 f\nd t !re _h be5 exp5d$ = con/ruction we/ ( ,cumb]l&1 #g1bag1gcb4ea4 ,b ! road 0 go+ ahead once m4 ,its ,bo>d _h dug deep into _! pockets & ! comm]cial crisis t hov]$ ov] ,baltimore 0 pass$4 ,two ye>s lat] ! road ent]$ ,:eel+1 & its corporate title 0 no long] a misnom]4 ,a little lat]1 a m direct l9e 0 built to ,p>k]sburg1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 & direct connection ent]$ ) ! ,ohio ,mississippi ,railroad1 :i* rea*$ ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! railroad 0 beg9n+ to feel its way out across ! l&4 ,w> betwe5 ,nor? & ,s\? _h be5 decl>$ be=e ! long delay$ ext5sion to ,pittsburgh 0 f9i%$4 ,9 t "t a real ma/]-h& _h come to ! ,baltimore ,ohio4 ,9 its e>ly days ! names ( ,philip ,e4 ,?omas1 ,pet] ,coop]1 ,ross ,w9ans1 & ,b4 ,h4 ,latrobe 7 indissolubly l9k$ ) ?is pione] railroad2 9 its second era ,john ,w4 ,g>rett gave brilliancy to its adm9i/ration4 ,ev5 be=e1 z well z ?r\gh\t ! f\r try+ ye>s ( ! w>1 :5 ! road's tracks 7 be+ repeat$ly torn up & its bridges burn$1 ,mr4 ,g>rett 0 lay+ d[n 8 ma/]ly policy ( expansion4 ,x 0 a disc\rag+ beg9n+ t confront$ him4 ,! two exp5sive ext5sions to ! ,ohio ,riv] _h be5 a sev]e dra9 on ! company's treasury1 traffic 0 at l[ ebb1 ! great f9ancial panic ( #aheg _h be5 h>d to surm\nt4 ,b ,mr4 ,g>rett 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( ,am]ican railroad]s to see t a trunk-l9e %\ld />t at ! seabo>d & end at ,*icago or ! ,mississippi4 ,he pu%$ 8 l9e to ,pittsburgh1 to ,clevel&1 to ,s&usky1 to ,*icago4 ,x began to rea* new & gr[+ traffic c5tres4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio ent]$ ^u an era ( magnific5t prosp]ity4 ,! fir/ cl\d ^u t era came 9 ! e>ly sev5ties1 :5 its p[]ful rival1 ! ,p5nsylvania1 secur$ control ( ! ,philadelphia1 ,wilm+ton ,baltimore1 ! ,b4 ,o4's connect+ l9k on its imm5sely pr(itable ?r\gh r\te f ,new ,york to ,wa%+ton4 ,p5nsylvania int]e/s tunnell$ = long miles ?r\gh ! rocky f\ndations ( ,baltimore1 pur*as$ an indep5d5t l9e to ,wa%+ton--! ,baltimore ,potomac--& ! ,b4 ,o4 f\nd itself depriv$ ( its be/ conge/$ traffic di/rict4 ,= elev5 ye>s x 0 unable to retaliate1 ?\gh n a s\l believ$ ! ,baltimore ,ohio to be o!r ?an a spl5did1 cons]vative prop]ty4 ,x own$ its own sleep+-c> company1 its own express company1 its own telegraph company4 ,! "n ( ,g>rett 0 beh9d x4 ,logan ,g4 ,mc,pherson says3 ,:5 x 0 desir$ to obta9 additional funds1 bonds 7 always issu$ in/ead ( ! capital /ock be+ increas$4 ,int]e/ on bonds has always to be met1 :]eas divid5ds on /ocks c be pass$4 ,x 0 ann\nc$1 h[ev]1 t ! ret5tion ( ! /ock capitalization at less ?an fifte5 millions ( doll>s 0 an evid5ce ( cons]vatism1 z ! cont9uance ( semi-annual divid5ds ( five p] c5t 0 !reby p]mitt$4 ,john ,w4 ,g>rett di$ 9 #ahhd1 & 0 succe$$ 9 ! presid5cy by 8 son ,rob]t ,g>rett1 :o ann\nc$ himself ready to cont9ue a policy ( expansion4 ,! y\ng] ,g>rett s\ght to rega9 an entrance = 8 traffic to ,new ,york4 ,to t end he built a l9e into ,philadelphia & prep>$ to /rike across ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,he fail$ 9 t end by ! failure ( "o ( 8 confid5tial aides2 ! l9e t he _h c\nt$ on = entrance into ! ,am]ican metropolis 0 snapp$ up by 8 greate/ rival j z 8 own f+]s 7 almo/ ^u x4 ,lat] ! ,b4 ,o4 0 p]mitt$ a trackage entrance into ,j]sey ,city1 b ! t]ms ( t entrance 7 s /r+5t z to mean a practical surr5d] ^u its "p4 ,if ,baltimore ,ohio _h won t battle1 a diff]5t /ory might h be5 *ronicl$4 ,z x 01 x /ood a los] 9 a fe>fully exp5sive fight2 ! ,engli% inve/ors 9 ! prop]ty became inve/igators--( a sudd5 ! bottom dropp$ out ( ?+s4 ,! /ock w5t slipp+ d[n z only a mob-*as$ /ock 9 ,wall ,/reet c drop2 ! road t _h be5 ! pride ( ,baltimore became1 = ! mom5t1 h] %ame4 ,x 0 %[n1 ^u inve/igation1 t ! road _h long gone ^u a sl5d] /&+3 millions ( doll>s t %\ld actually h be5 *>g$ to loss _h be5 *>g$ aga9/ its capital & includ$ 9 ! surplus4 ,t5 ye>s aft] ,mr4 ,g>rett's dea? ! road f\nd itself 9 ev5 m bitt] /raits4 ,x 0 a laugh+ /ock & a reproa* among railroad m54 ,its pr(itable side-prop]ties--! sleep+-c> company1 ! express company1 ! telegraph company1--! fir/ two ( :i* %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to g outside ( ! control ( any really great railroad company--_h be5 sold1 "o aft] ano!r1 9 attempts to save ! day ( reckon+4 ,j be=e ! ,*icago ,fair ! road rea*$ l[-wat] m>k4 ,its pass5g] c>s 7 wea!r-beat5 & ravag$ almo/ beyond hope ( pa9t-%ops2 x 0 sometimes necess>y to hold outgo+ tra9s 9 ! fam\s old ,camd5 /ation at ,baltimore1 until ! lamps & dr9k+ glasses c\ld be secur$ f "s incom+ tra94 ,9 t day ( l[-wat] m>k x 0 actually & s]i\sly propos$ to ab&on ! pass5g] s]vice ( ! road6 ,out ( t *aos came ! ,b4 ,o4 ( to-day1 a sub/antial & well-manag$ railroad prop]ty4 ,mr4 ,g>rett 0 ! fir/ ( ! railroad]s to con/ruct a s+le prop]ty f ! ,atlantic seabo>d to ! ,mississippi2 ,john ,f4 ,c[an1 ,l4 ,f4 ,loree1 ,osc> ,g4 ,murray1 & ,daniel ,will>d h be5 8 successors 9 ! revamp+ ( ! ,b4 ,o41 elim9at+ its co/ly grades1 enl>g+ y>d & t]m9al facilities1 & mak+ ! hi/oric road a c>ri] ( ! fir/ class4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,erie ,railroad is h>dly less dramatic ?an t ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio2 its f9ancial disa/]s 7 n ow+ to ! errors t come ( crass /upidity4 ,= ! ,erie did its good "p 9 ! mak+ ( railroad law4 ,built & op]at$ 9 ! e>lie/ railroad days z a s+le ent]prise ?r\gh ! s\!rn ti] ( c\nties ( ,new ,york ,/ate f ! ,hudson ,riv] to ,lake ,erie1 :ile ! roads to ! nor? t 7 ev5tually to be weld$ by ,commodore ,v&]bilt into ! great ,new ,york ,c5tral 7 /ill qu>rell+ among !mselves1 x 0 wreck$ "t & "t aga9 by unscrupul\s s*emes ( high f9ance4 ,x 0 made to we> mill-/ones 9 ! %ape ( outrage\s bond$ indebt$nesses t act$ z a fe>ful h&icap = _m ye>s & prev5t$ a rem>kably well locat$ prop]ty f /&+ to-day z ! pe] ( ! ,p5nsylvania or ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral4 ,! /ory ( ^! outrages has be5 told & retold--!y are integral p>ts ( ! f9ancial hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,suffice x to say "h & n[ t ! ,erie has be5 op]at$ ) m or less success by no less ?an f\r /ruggl+ corporations2 t x has nev] come clos] to a*iev+ success ?an "u its pres5t presid5t1 ,f4 ,d4 ,und]wood2 & t no "o save ^? :o h /ood close to ,und]wood has kn[n or appreciat$ ! h]itage ( h&icap t 0 giv5 to him to %\ld]4 ,= x has be5 "p ( our railroad pr9ciple 9 ?is c\ntry--a mighty sad "p1 too--t no matt] h[ villa9\sly /ocks & bonds may h be5 issu$ at any "t--only to br+ failure swiftly & inevitably1--su* bogus pap] has always be5 protect$ 9 reorganization4 ,a railroad :i* becomes bankrupt _c be ab&on$4 ,t has be5 done only 9 r>e cases4 ,ev5 ! ,baltimore ,ohio1 at ! end ( its rope less ?an tw5ty ye>s ago1 0 n p]mitt$ to ab&on its pass5g] s]vice4 ,x mu/ pull itself up out ( ! difficulties1 &--9 ,am]ica at lea/--x mu/ pull its tra%y pap] up too1 9 ord] t no hold] ( su* pap] may be unprotect$4 ,! pap] c no m be ab&on$ ?an ! "r-(-way4 ,! result is se5 9 railroads /agg]+ "u va/ & que/ionable capitalization 7!re is no clean+ ( ! slate72 b ! s9s ( ^? t h gone be=e are truly visit$ ^u ! ?ird & ! f\r? g5]ation1 z well z ^u ! poor humans :o1 "u su* burd5s1 are try+ to op]ate a railroad prop]ty4 ,f ! beg9n+ ! /ory ( ,erie has be5 a /ory ( difficulties4 ,! orig9al s*eme ( build+ a ,new ,york railroad f ,pi]mont-on-,hudson to ,dunkirk on ,lake ,erie--"s #dej miles--seems 9 ! face ( ! res\rces ( ! ,/ate at t "t & ! eng9e]+ difficulties to be solv$1 almo/ quixotic4 ,b ! road 0 built /ep by /ep1 section by section1 until 9 ,may1 #ahea1 a triumphal fir/ tra9 0 op]at$ ov] its entire l5g?4 ,presid5t ,fillmore 0 ! gue/ ( honor on ! tra91 b %>$ att5tion ) ,daniel ,web/] on ! trip4 ,web/]1 9 ord] t he might see ! c\ntry1 insi/$ on mak+ ! entire t$i\s j\rney 9 a rock+-*air1 :i* 0 la%$ ^u a flat-c>4 ,ano!r flat-c> 0 occupi$ by a railroad (fic] :o 0 designat$ to receive ! flags4 ,c4 ,f4 ,c>t]1 9 8 int]e/+ sket* on ! e>ly days ( ! ,erie1 writes3 ,by a s+ul> co9cid5ce1 ! ladies at e "o ( ! m ?an sixty /ations betwe5 ,pi]mont & ,dunkirk _h conceiv$ ! idea t x w\ld be z orig9al z x 0 appropriate to pres5t a flag wr\ght by _! own fair h&s to ! railroad company :5 ! fir/ tra9 pass$ ?r\gh to ,lake ,erie4 ,z x w\ld h consum$ altoge!r too mu* "t to make a /op = ea* ( ^! flag pres5tations1 ! eng9e] m]ely sl[$ d[n at ?ree-f\r?s ( ! /ations long en\gh to p]mit ! man on ! flat-c> to scoop up ! bann]s 9 8 arms1 mu* l ! h&s on ! old-fa%ion$ ,m>% h>ve/]s ga!r$ up armfuls ( gra9 = b9d+4 ,at ! end ( ! j\rney ! ,erie ,railroad _h a collection ( flags t w\ld h done cr$it to a victori\s army4 ,mr4 ,c>t] has also told h[ 9 t same ev5tful ye> #ahea ! telegraph came into use on ! ,erie1 fir/ ( all railroads3 ,a crude telegraph l9e1 built = comm]cial purposes1 _h be5 /ret*$ along ! ea/]n end ( ! road4 ,p did n ?9k v mu* ( ! telegraph 9 ^? days4 ,x 0 only sev5 ye>s old2 & :5 a man wir$ ano!r man he wrote 8 message l a lett]1 beg9n+ ) ,de> sir & end+ ) ,y\rs truly4 ,! railroads scorn$ its use4 ,_! tra9s ran by h>d & fa/ tra9 rules4 ,!n1 z n[1 nor? & ea/-b\nd tra9s held ! "r-(-way ov] ^? s\? & we/-b\nd1 & ! meet+ places on s+le-track l9es 7 ea* c>efully designat$ on ! "t-c>d4 ,if a tra9 0 wait+ = ano!r com+ 9 an opposite direction1 & ! tra9 came n aft] an h\r1 ! fir/ tra9 proce$$ =w>d "u flag4 ,t meant t a man1 walk+ ) a flag 9 8 h& prec$$ ! tra9 to protect x4 ,! locomotive & its tra9 ( c>s necess>ily proce$$ at snail's pace4 ,x 0 n s v long aft] t obs]vation-c> trip t ,daniel ,web/] took 9 ! rock+-*air up to ,dunkirk1 be=e ! ,erie's sup]9t5d5t1 ,*>les ,m9ot1 0 tak+ a trip up ov] ! ea/ end ( ! road4 ,! tra9 on :i* he 0 rid+ 0 due to meet a we/-b\nd express at ,turn]'s4 ,aft] wait+ ne>ly an h\r !re1 )\t see+ ! oppos+ tra91 ,m9ot 0 seiz$ ) an inspiration4 ,he telegraph$ up ! l9e f\rte5 miles to ,go%5 to hold t we/-b\nd tra9 until he %\ld arrive !re4 ,he !n ord]$ 8 tra9-crew to proce$4 ,!y rebell$4 ,eng9e] ,isaac ,lewis _h too mu* reg>d = 8 own preci\s neck to break ! "t-c>d rules1 ev5 "u ! sup]9t5d5t's ord]s4 ,s f9ally ,m9ot took *>ge ( ! eng9e himself1 :ile ,lewis cauti\sly seat$ himself 9 ! la/ seat ( ! la/ c> & await$ ! wor/4 ,x nev] came1 ( c\rse4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ,go%51 ! ag5t _h receiv$ ! message1 & 0 prep>$ to hold ! we/-b\nd tra94 ,b x _h n arriv$1 & ,m9ot by repeat+ 8 me?od 0 enabl$ fir/ to rea* ,middlet[n & !n ,port ,j]vis be=e meet+ ! delay$ tra94 ,by ! use ( ! telegraph he _h sav$ 8 own tra9 "s ?ree h\rs 9 runn+ "t2 & x 0 n long !reaft] until ! op]ation ( tra9s by telegraph ord] became /&>d on ! ,erie & all o!rs ( ! e>ly railroads4 ,at ! beg9n+1 "o ( ! promot]s ( ! ,erie ann\nc$ 8 belief t ! road w\ld ev5tually e>n1 by freight alone1 "s two hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 9 a ye>1 & 8 neighbors laugh$ at him = 8 extravagant promise4 ,yet1 9 ! fir/ six mon?s' op]ation ( ! road ! receipts--mo/ly f freight--7 #a1gee1bhe4 ,to tell ! full /ory ( ,erie w\ld require a sizable book4 ,x has n yet be5 told4 ,x is a /ory ( intrigue & deceit1 ( trick]y & ( s*em+2 ! /ory ( ,daniel ,drew & ,jim ,fisk & ,jay ,g\ld2 ! monum5tal trag$y ( ! wreck+ ( a great railroad prop]ty--a prop]ty ) possibilities t probably w nev] n[ be realiz$4 ,! pres5t managem5t ( ! road has labor$ valiantly & well4 ,x has se5 ! future ( ,erie z a great freight+ road1 has c>efully laid its l9es = ! full developm5t ( ! prop]ty z a c>ri] ( goods1 r ?an ( ?r\gh pass5g]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! hi/ory ( ! railroad divides itself %>ply into epo*s4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ! diff]5t roads--su* z ,erie1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,baltimore ,ohio1 & ,new ,york ,c5tral--7 be+ pu%$ we/ ov] ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s to ! ,great ,lakes & ! ,ohio ,riv]4 ,!re foll[$ an era :]e ! railroads 7 rea*+ ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is4 ,t 0 ! era :i* saw ! weird railroads ( ! ,middle ,we/1 ! /range /ock-wat]+ companies t made ! v names ( ,ohio1 ,mi*igan1 & ,ill9ois f9ancial bywords 9 ! late =ties & ! e>ly fifties4 ,! fir/ railroad 9 ,ohio 0 ! old ,mad ,riv] ,lake ,erie1 :i* 0 built 9 #ahce1 f ,s&usky1 s\? ab\t a hundr$ miles to ,columbus1 ! ,/ate capital4 ,! pione] eng9e on ! road1 ! ,s&usky1 0 ! fir/ locomotive ev] equipp$ ) a :i/le4 ,! fir/ railroad ( ! prairies 0 ! ,nor!rn ,cross railroad--n[ a "p ( ! ,waba%--ext5d+ f ,m]odosia on ! ,ill9ois ,riv]1 to ,spr+field4 ,x 0 />t$ 9 #ahcg1 & late 9 ! foll[+ fall a locomotive built by ,rog]s1 ,grosv5or1 & ,ket*um ( ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41--! f\nd]s ( a fam\s locomotive works--0 l&$ f a packet-/eam] at ,m]odosia4 ,!n 0 ! fir/ puff ( a locomotive he>d ^u ! prairies ( ! great ,we/4 ,a contempor>y acc\nt says3 ,! little locomotive _h no :i/le1 no sp>k-arre/]1 no c[-cat*]1 & ! cab 0 op5 to ! sky4 ,its spe$ 0 ab\t six miles an h\r1 & :]e ! railroad & ! highway lay p>allel to ea* o!r !re 0 frequ5tly a trial ( spe$ betwe5 ! locomotive ) its 'pleasure c>s' & ! /age-coa*es4 ,sometimes ! /age-coa*es came 9 ahead4 ,six in*es ( sn[ 7 suffici5t to blockade ! tra9s drawn by ?is ,am]ican eng9e4 ,9 #ahdf ,james ,m4 ,=bes 0 build+ ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral we/ f ,detroit1 #ade miles to ,kalamazoo4 ,a little lat] x 0 ext5d$ to ! ea/ %ore ( ,lake ,mi*igan1 at ,new ,buffalo2 ev5tually x rea*$ ,*icago ) its own rails4 ,:ile ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral 0 pu%+ its rails1 its *ief competitor to ! s\?1 ! ,mi*igan ,s\!rn1--aft]w>ds a "p ( ! ,lake ,%ore1 & ev5tually unit$ ) its traditional rival 9 ! ext5d$ ,new ,york ,c5tral sy/em--0 also pu%+ t[>d ,*icago z a goal4 ,bo? roads rea*$ ,*icago 9 #aheb4 ,b railroad build+ 0 sl[ "w4 ,! c\ntry exp&$ too quickly aft] ! gold5 promises ( ! railroad promot]s4 ,money came too easily2 !n !re w\ld come a fe>ful f9ancial "t1 & ! reputable railroad ent]prises w\ld be halt$ beside ! fly-by-night s*emes4 ,z late z #ahej1 ,ohio _h only ! s+le trunk-l9e connect+ ,s&usky & ,c9c9nati2 b ! railroad to ,clevel& t 0 aft]w>ds ! ma9 /em ( ! ,big ,f\r & ! trunk-l9e connection ea/ to ! ,baltimore ,ohio1 7 ne>+ completion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,*icago's fir/ railroad 0 ! ,gal5a ,*icago ,union1 & x 0 ! corn]/one ( ! great ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n sy/em1 "o ( ! really great railroads ( ,am]ica4 ,! ,gal5a ,*icago ,union 0 incorporat$ 9 #ahcf1 b n until elev5 ye>s lat] 0 "w begun 9 lay+ tracks1 = a %ort t5-mile /ret* f ! ,*icago ,riv] to ,des ,pla9es2 & its fir/ locomotive1 ! ,pione]1 _h be5 b\ght second-h& f ! ,buffalo ,attica ,railroad1 away ea/ 9 ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,! rails 7 second-h&1 too1 ( ! /rap v>iety1 :i* ! ,we/]n railroads 7 already disc>d+ 9 favor ( solid rails4 ,b x 0 a railroad1 & x 0 ) a deal ( pride t ,john ,b4 ,turn]1 its presid5t1 us$ to asc5d to an obs]vatory on ! second floor ( ! old ,hal/$ ,/reet depot to sight ) a telescope ! smoke ( 8 morn+ tra9 com+ across ! prairie4 ,! ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n1 itself1 0 organiz$ 9 #ahei4 ,= a "t x 0 s desp]ately poor t x c\ld n pay ! int]e/ on its bonds1 & !re 0 a "t :5 its (fic]s _h to meet ! pay-roll out ( _! own pockets2 b x succe$$ 9 absorb+ ab\t six hundr$ miles ( railroad at ! beg9n+4 ,9 ano!r decade ! ,union ,pacific ,railroad1 fir/ unit+ ! ,f> ,we/ ) ! popul\s ,middle & ,ea/]n ,/ates1 0 complet$4 ,! ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n =m$ "o ( ! mo/ direct l9ks betwe5 ! ,lakes & ! ea/]n t]m9al ( ! ,union ,pacific at ,c\ncil ,bluffs4 ,! bus9ess t came to x because ( t l9k+ 0 ! fir/ /rong impulse t l$ to ! ultimate greatness ( ! ,nor?we/]n4 ,! di/9ctive mid-,we/]n road 0 & always has be5 ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral4 ,orig9ally incorporat$ 9 #ahcf1 x 0 ne>ly tw5ty ye>s lat] :51 ?r\gh sub/antial aid f ! ,/ate ^: "n x be>s1 con/ruction actually began4 ,! fir/ track 0 laid f ,*icago to ,calumet to give an entrance to ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral 9 its he>t-break+ race to ! ,we/]n metropolis aga9/ ! ,mi*igan ,s\!rn4 ,! ma9 l9e ?r\gh to ,cairo 0 pu%$ =w>d rapidly1 h[ev]1 & 0 ready = traffic at ! end ( #ahee4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ,k5tucky slaves promptly %[$ _! appreciation ( ! new railroad ent]prise by us+ x to effect _! escape to ! ,nor?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( c\rse ) ! railroad pu%+ its way we/w>d all ! :ile 7! ,rock ,isl& 9 ,april1 #ahei1 0 ! fir/ to span ! ,mississippi ) a bridge71 x 0 only a "q ( "t :5 "s adv5tur\s s\l %\ld seek to rea* ! ,pacific coa/4 ,inde$ x 0 away back 9 #ahcb1 :ile !re 0 /ill less ?an a hundr$ miles ( track 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t ,judge ,dext] ( ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan1 propos$ a railroad ?r\gh to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 ?r\gh ?\s&s ( miles ( untrodd5 =e/4 ,six ye>s lat]1 a ,wel% eng9e]1 ,john ,plumbe1 held a conv5tion at ,dubuque1 ,i[a1 = ! same purpose4 ,! idea w\ld n d[n4 ,h>dly _h ,plumbe & 8 conv5tion disappe>$ f ! public notice :5 ,asa ,:itney1 a ,new ,york m]*ant ( consid]able reputation1 began to agitate ! ,pacific railroad4 ,:itney 0 a good deal ( a !ori/ & a dream]2 b he 0 a %rewd publicity man1 & he held widely att5d$ meet+s = ! propagation ( 8 idea1 9 all ! ,ea/]n cities4 ,ev5tually1 l ,judge ,dext] & ,john ,plumbe1 he 0 doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,aft] ,:itney _h di$ brok5-he>t$ & bankrupt because ( 8 devotion to an idea1 came ,josiah ,p]ham1 ( ,bo/on4 ,josiah ,p]ham 0 ! ,raymond ,:itcomb ( ! fifties4 ,he began by organiz+ excursions = ,new ,engl& folk to come to ,bo/on to see ! ,bo/on ,museum & ! panoramas1 :i* 7 ! gay div]sion ( t day4 ,9 "o ye> he br\ght two hundr$ ?\s& folk into t sacr$ ,massa*usetts t[n1 & he began to be rat$ z a ri* man4 ,he absorb$ ! ,pacific railroad idea & freely sp5t 8 money 9 its propagation4 ,he organiz$ ! ,p's ,pacific ,railroad1--& a "p ( 8 s*eme =m$ ! f\ndation ( ! ,nor!rn ,pacific4 ,p]ham1 l ! o!rs1 sp5t 8 money & fail$ to see ! fruition ( 8 plan4 ,!re seem$ to be some?+ ill-fat$ ab\t t plan ( a railroad to ! ,pacific4 ,ev5 ! citiz5s ( ,/4 ,l\is1 :o _h ga!r$ on ! ,f\r? ( ,july1 #ahea1 to see soil brok5 = ! fir/ real transcont95tal railroad1 f\nd t x c\ld only manage to rea* ,kansas ,city by #ahef4 ,t p>ticul> railroad--! ,miss\ri ,pacific--?r\gh its we/]n connection1 ! ,we/]n ,pacific1 only succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! coa/ )9 ! pa/ ye>4 ,:5 ,!odore ,d4 ,judah br\ght himself to ! seem+ly hopeless task ( try+ to build a ,pacific railroad1 he br\ght ) him all ! en?usiasm ( ,asa ,:itney1 & ) x ! exp]i5ce ( a tra9$ railroad eng9e]4 ,! ?+ 0 beg9n+ to take %ape4 ,! m51 l ,:itney & ,p]ham1 :o _h be5 be=e ,congress at session aft] session1 f9ally br\ght t augu/ body1 ev5 :5 ! nation /ood on ! v]ge ( civil w>1 into mak+ an appropriation = a survey = a s*eme1 :i* n9e out ( t5 m5 reg>d$ z a m]e vision>y dream4 ,!odore ,d4 ,judah1 fill$ ) en?usiasm = 8 mighty plan1 w5t ,we/ t he might r\ghly plan ! location ( ! railroad4 ,he w5t to ,san ,francisco & he w5t to ,sacram5to1 :]e ! little tw5ty-two-mile ,sacram5to ,valley ,railroad _h be5 runn+ s9ce #ahef4 ,! ,cali=nians li/5$ to him ) int]e/1 b !y pr(f]$ him no f9ancial aid4 ,!n ,judah w5t up into ! high passes ( ! ,si]ras1 ?r\gh :i* a railroad to ! ea/ w\ld c]ta9ly h to rea*1 to f9d a cross+ = ! l9e 9 :i* he believ$ s e>ne/ly4 ,he f\nd x--mak+ a r\te t w\ld save #adh miles & #ac1ejj1jjj ov] t propos$ by ! ,gov]nm5t au?orities4 ,:5 he w5t back to ,sacram5to1 to ! h>dw>e /ore ( 8 old fri5ds1 ,hunt+ton ,hopk9s1 9 ,k ,/reet1 x 0 ) a r\gh pr(ile ( t pass 9 8 pocket4 ,:at ,judah said to ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton & ,m>k ,hopk9s has nev] be5 kn[n1 b c]ta9 x is t 9 a little "t !y 7 s5d+ = ! ?ree o!r capitali/s ( ,sacram5to--! ,crock] bro!rs1 :o _h a dry-goods /ore d[n ! /reet1 & ,lel& ,/an=d1 a :olesale groc]4 ,out ( ! ef=ts ( ^? six m5 ! ,c5tral ,pacific ,railroad 0 organiz$ ) a capital ( #abe1jjj4 ,"w began on ! new l9e at ,sacram5to on ! fir/ day ( #ahfc1 :ile ,cali=nia %ook ) laught] at ! idea ( a p>cel ( c\ntry /ore-keep]s build+ a railroad across ! cre/ ( ! ,si]ras4 ,h[ !y built _! railroad successfully & amass$ six really great ,am]ican =tunes is all hi/ory n[4 ,suffici5t is x t !y turn$ a deaf e> to ! ridicule 7! project 0 consid]$ s vision>y t bank]s d>$ n subscribe to ! /ock ( ! road = fe> ( injur+ _! cr$it71 f\nd _! r\te ?r\gh ! m\nta9s j z ,judah _h promis$1 br\ght _! mat]ials ar\nd ! ,horn1 import$ t5 ?\s& ,*9ese labor]s1 hurl$ ?\s&s ( tons ( solid rock d[n among ! p9es by a s+le *>ge ( nitro-glyc]9e1 bolt$ _! sn[-%$s to ! m\nta9s1 & fill$ up or bridg$ hundr$s ( *asms & valleys4 ,two ?\s& feet ( granite b>r$ ! way ^u ! m\nta9-top :]e eagles 7 at home4 ,! ,*9ese wall 0 a toy beside x4 ,x c\ld nei!r be surm\nt$ nor d\bl$2 & s !y tunnell$ :at looks l a bank swall['s hole f a ?\s& feet bel[4 ,p[d] en\gh 0 exp5d$ 9 p]suad+ ! iron crags & cliffs to be a ?or\ghf>e1 to fight half ! battles ( ! ,revolution4 ,:ile ! ,c5tral ,pacific 0 be+ built ea/ f ! coa/1 ! ,union ,pacific 0 pu%+ its rails we/ f ! ,miss\ri ,riv] to meet x4 ,a ,f$]al subsidy 0 paid to ea* road = ea* mile ( transcont95tal track x laid1 & ! result 0 ! ,cr$it ,mobili]1 ! wor/ f9ancial blot ^u ! pages ( ,am]ican gov]nm5t transactions4 ,e>ly 9 ! ,spr+ ( #ahfh ! companies 7 on equal t]ms 9 ?is great game ( subsidy gett+4 ,ea* f9ally _h ample funds & ea* 0 ab\t #ecj miles away f ! ,great ,salt ,lake4 ,s 9 #ahfh a con/ruction campaign began t has nev] be5 approa*$ 9 ! hi/ory ( railroad build+4 ,tw5ty-five ?\s& m51 & #f1jjj teams1 toge!r ) :ole brigades ( locomotives & "w-tra9s1 7 engag$ 9 ! "w2 9 a s+le day t5 miles ( track 0 laid & t 0 a _w-beat+ record4 ,! result ( su* spe$ 0 t ! two railroads met1 ,may #i1 #ahfi4 ,lel& ,/an=d1 :o 0 ridicul$ :5 he fir/ turn$ e>? = ! ,c5tral ,pacific at ,sacram5to six ye>s be=e1 drove ! la/ spike1 & 0 = t mom5t ! c5tral figure 9 an att5tion t 0 _w-wide4 ,aft] ! ,union ,pacific & ! ,c5tral ,pacific came ! ,s\!rn ,pacific1 & aft] !m came ,collis ,p4 ,hunt+ton b9d+ !m into a tight s+le railroad4 ,b close on ! heels ( ! ,s\!rn ,pacific1 & "r into its own t]ritory1 rea*$ ! ,santa ,fe1 :ile to ! nor?1 fir/ ! ,nor!rn ,pacific & !n ! ,great ,nor!rn 0 built f ! lake c\ntry /raight to ,puget ,s\nd4 ,on a ,novemb] day 9 #ahhe ! la/ spike 0 driv5 9 ! great transcont95tal ,canadian ,pacific1 ! fir/ & s f> ! only railroad to lay its rails f ! ,nor? ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,)9 a ye> ! ,we/]n ,pacific--! we/]nmo/ ( ! *a9 ( ,g\ld roads--has begun to run its ?r\gh tra9s to ! ,gold5 ,gate4 ,z ?is volume goes to press f9i%+ t\*es are be+ plac$ ^u ! ,puget ,s\nd ext5sion ( ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul1 probably ! la/ transcont95tal to be /ret*$ across ^! ,unit$ ,/ates = a numb] ( ye>s to come4 ,f> to ! nor?1 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific is f9d+ its way across ! wild]ness ( ! ,canadian ,rockies1 creat+ a great city--,pr9ce ,rup]t--at its we/]n t]m9al4 ,x %\ld be ready = its ?r\gh traffic )9 ! next ?ree ye>s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is !n1 9 brief1 is ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican railroad+--an eighty-ye> /ruggle f ,ea/ to ,we/4 ,! railroad has pass$ ?r\gh _m vicissitudes2 days ( wild-cat f9anc+1 & days :5 m5 refus$ to inve/ _! money "u any inducem5ts :atsoev]4 ,x has be5 assail$ by legislatures & by ,congress2 x has be5 sc\rg$ because ( ! s-call$ pool+ agreem5ts1 & x has cut its own /rong arms by build+ fooli% compet+ l9es4 ,b x has surviv$ ma/]fully1 :ile ! highroads h become grass-gr[n1 & ! once pr\d canals h fall5 into decay4 ,railroad+ is to-day 9 ! full flu% ( successful exi/5ce4 ,sci5ce has be5 br\ght to ea* ( ! inf9ite details ( ! bus9ess2 & = ! fir/ "t ! c\ntry sees practically e l9e1 l>ge or small1 hone/ly e>n+ its way4 ,! railroad receiv] has all b pass$ into hi/ory4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,a ,,railroad ,,co/ ,,( ,a ,,s+le-,,track ,,road--,,f9anc+--,,secur+ ,a ,,*>t]--,,survey-,,"w ,,& ,,its ,,dang]s--,,grades--,,con/ruction--,,tra ck-,,lay+4 ,! railroad has its beg9n+ 9 ! inspiration & 9 ! imag9ation ( m54 ,p]*ance a great tract ( c\ntry1 ri* 9 possibilities1 /&s undevelop$ = lack ( transportation facilities4 ,! liv+ arm ( ! railroad w br+ to x bo? /r5g? & gr[?4 ,x w br+ to x ! mat]ials1 ! m51 & ! ma*9]y ne$$ = its developm5t4 ,x w take f x its products seek+ m>kets 9 communities already e/abli%$4 ,9 t way ! fir/ railroads began1 rea*+ _! arms c>efully 9 f ! ,atlantic & ! navigable riv]s & bays t empti$ into x4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !re 0 h>dly any inl& c\ntry4 ,all ! important t[ns 7 spread along ! sea-coa/ or along ^? same navigable tribut>ies1 & x 0 sorry %rift = any community t did n possess a :>f to :i* vessels ( consid]able tonnage might atta94 ,:]e su* communities did n possess natural wat]-ways1 !y s\ght to obta9 artificial ones2 & ! result 0 ! extraord9>y impetus t 0 giv5 to ! build+ ( canals dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--a page ( ,am]ican indu/rial hi/ory t has be5 told 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,x 0 f\nd q impossible to h&le bulky freight economically by wagon1 no matt] h[ romantic ! turnpike might be = pass5g] traffic 9 ! old-"t coa*es4 ,! canal 0 s mu* bett] z a c>ri] t x 0 hail$ ) acclaim1 & wax$ p[]ful4 ,9 ! height ( its p[] x laugh$ at ! puny ef=ts ( ! railroad1 & !n1 z y h se51 s\ght by e possible means to ?rottle ! gr[? ( ! /eel highway4 ,)9 eighty ye>s x 0 p[]less1 & ! railroad 0 conqu]or4 ,!re 7 hundr$s ( miles ( ab&on$ canal )9 ! c\ntry1 _m ( !m be+ conv]t$ into roadb$s ( railroads2 & ! wat]-highway1 ) its sl[ transit & its utt] helplessness dur+ ! froz5 mon?s ( ! ye>1 0 n able to exi/ except :]e quantities ( ! co>se/ sort ( freight 7 to be mov$4 ,)\t railroads1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day w\ld1 9 all probability1 n be radically diff]5t f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,all ! l>ge t[ns & cities w\ld /ill be clu/]$ ^u ! coa/ & wat]ways1 & back ( !m w\ld /ill re/ _m1 _m squ>e miles ( undevelop$ c\ntry2 ! nation w\ld h rema9$ a sprawl+1 helpless ?+1 weak5$ by its v size1 & subject bo? to int]nal conflict & to attacks ( =eign invad]s4 ,x has be5 repeat$ly said t if !re _h be5 a ?r\gh railroad developm5t 9 ! ,s\? dur+ ! fifties1 !re w\ld h be5 no ,civil ,w>4 ,france = five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! sign+ ( our ,decl>ation1 0 a civiliz$ & progressive nation4 ,yet c5tury aft] c5tury pass$ )\t h] inl& t[ns %[+ mat]ial *ange2 & h] seaports1 lack+ ! impetus ( int]ior gr[?1 rema9$ quiesc5t4 ,su* a metropolis z ,m>seilles is to-day1 became possible only :5 ! railroad made ?is seaport ! s\? gate ( a mightily develop+ nation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u assume t we are ab\t to build a railroad4 ,if we are go+ to /rike our road 9 f "s exi/+ l9e or "s accessible port into virg9 c\ntry1 we may hope = l& or money grants f ! ,/ate1 c\nty1 t[n1 or city ,gov]nm5t4 ,t is a fa9t hope1 h[ev]1 9 ^! pip+ days ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,s mu* sc&al once atta*$ itself to ^! grants t !y h become all b obsolete4 ,we %all h to fall back ^u ! individual ent]prise & help ( ! p]sons :o are to b5efit by ! com+ ( ! railroad4 ,!y may be folk :o simply reg>d our project z a good inve/m5t1 & place _! money 9 x ) hopes ( a fair return4 ,ev5 if we are n go+ into virg9 t]ritory to give :ole t[n%ips & c\nties _! fir/ sight ( ! locomotive1 b are go+ to /rike into a community already provid$ ) railroad facilities b seem+ly (f]+ fair opportunity = pr(it 9 a competitive traffic1 we %all f9d capital ready to /& back ( u4 ,a railroad w co/ mu* money1 ! m]e co/ ( s+le-track con/ruction g5]ally runn+ f> 9 excess ( #ce1jjj a mile2 & x %\ld h res\rces1 p>ticul>ly 9 a highly competitive t]ritory1 to enable x to c>ry on a los+ fight at ! fir/4 ,= ! money x receives x w issue securities1 ^u incorporation & legal organization1 almo/ inv>iably 9 ! =m ( capital /ock & ( mortgage-bonds4 ,! /ock w probably be held by ! m5 :o wi% to control ! con/ruction & ! op]ation ( ! l9e2 ! bonds w be issu$ to ^? p]sons :o inve/ _! money 9 x1 ei!r = pr(it or z an aid to ! community x seeks to ent]4 ,! bonds are1 9 almo/ all cases1 ! pref]able security4 ,!y pay a gu>ante$ int]e/ at a c]ta9 rate1 & at ! end ( a designat$ t]m ( ye>s !y are r$eemable at face value1 9 ca% or 9 ! capital /ock ( ! company4 ,!re are o!r =ms ( loan obligations :i* ! railroad issues--deb5ture bonds1 second-mortgage bonds1 %ort-t]m notes1 & ! l4 ,to ent] ^u a description ( ^! w\ld mean a det\r into ! devi\s highways & byways ( railroad f9ance--an excursion :i* we h no desire to make 9 ?is book4 ,9 build+ our l9e we w issue z few bonds 9 proportion to our /ock z w make our company fairly /able 9 organization1 & its proposition attractive to inve/ors4 ,= we %all h to pay our int]e/ c\pons ^u ! bonds f ! beg9n+4 ,we c beg9 ev5 mod]ate divid5ds ^u our /ock aft] our ent]prise has ent]$ ^u fair sail+4 ,! all-important initial problem ( f9anc+ hav+ be5 at lea/ p>tly settl$1 we w g be=e ! ,legislature & secure a *>t] = our road4 ,9 ^! mod]n days we %all probably h also to make application to "s ,/ate railroad or public utility commission4 ,x w consid] our case ) great c>e1 grant+ he>+s s t we may /ate our plans1 & t folk liv+ 9 ! t]ritory :i* we are ab\t to tap may urge ! necessity ( our com+1 & t rival railroads or o!r oppon5ts may /ate _! objections4 ,aft] ! entire evid5ce has be5 sift$ d[n & weigh$ 9 truly judicial fa%ion1 we may hope = ^w to g ahead1 f ! (ficial commission1 :i*1 ?\gh x assumes none ( our risk ( loss 9 project+ ! l9e1 w gratuit\sly assume _m ( ! details ( its managem5t4 ,p]haps ! politicians w poke _! noses into our plan2 !y sometimes d4 ,if we h pl5ty ( capital beh9d u2 if x becomes rumor$ t ! ,p---- or ! ,n---- or ! ,x----1 "o ( ! big exi/+ prop]ties1 is back ( u1 or "s big ,wall ,/reet fell[ is guid+ our bonds1 we c almo/ confid5tly expect _! int]f]5ce4 ,aft] t x becomes a matt] ( diplomacy--& may ! be/ man w96 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u assume t "s ( ^! big ob/acles h already be5 pass$1 t ! politicians h be5 plac$ at arm's l5g?1 t ! money ne$$ is 9 sight--we are ready to beg9 ! con/ruction ( our l9e4 ,! location is ! ?+ t next vexes u4 ,a few errors 9 ! plac+ ( our l9e may spell failure = ! :ole ent]prise4 ,obvi\sly1 ^! errors w be ( ! sort t admit ( no easy correction4 ,if our l9e is to l9k two important traffic c5tres & is to make a specialty ( ?r\gh traffic x w h to be v mu* ( a t[n t w b5d ! /raightness ( our r\te4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! l9e is to pick up its traffic f ! t]ritory x trav]ses we c af=d to neglect no place ( possibilities4 ,we mu/ make concessions1 ev5 if we make _m twi/s & turns & climb /eep grades2 we _c af=d to pass bus9ess by4 ,p]haps we may ev5 h to worm our way into ! he>ts ( t[ns already gr[n & closely built1 & ?is w be exp5sive "w4 ,b x w be wor? e c5t ( t exp5se to g aft] competitive bus9ess4 ,we r\ghly outl9e our r\te1 & ! eng9e]s get _! camp+ duds ready1 p>ticul>ly 9 ^! days :5 new railroads almo/ inv>iably g into a new c\ntry4 ,_! fir/ trip ov] ! r\te w be kn[n z ! reconnaissance4 ,on x !y w make r\gh plott+ ( ! t]ritory ?r\gh :i* ! new l9e is to place its rails4 ,our eng9e]s are exp]i5c$4 ,!y survey ! c\ntry ) practis$ eyes4 ,! l9e mu/ g on ?is side ( t ridge1 because ( ! prevail+ w9ds & _! influ5ce ^u sn[drifts 7x co/s a m9t ( money to run pl\ghs ?r\gh a long w9t]71 & on ! o!r side ( ! next ridge1 because ! o!r side has easily work$ loam1 & ?is side heavy rock4 ,!re mu/ be passes ?r\gh hills & ?r\gh m\nta9s to be select$ n[ & !n1 & all ! :ile ! eng9e] mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! am\nt ( 8 excavation %\ld v ne>ly balance ! am\nt ( embankm5t-fill4 ,bridges are to be avoid$ & tunnels mu/ come only 9 case ( absolute necessity4 ,!re w be sev]al ( ^! reconnaissances & f !m ! eng9e]s :o are to build ! l9e1 & ! m5 :o are to own & op]ate x1 w f9ally pick a r\te close to :at w be ! p]man5t way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,con/ruction ,,eng9e]s ,,blaze ,,_! ,,way ,,across ,,! ,,face ,,( ,,new ,,c\ntry ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,an ,,embankm5t ,,by ,,dump-,,tra9 ,illu/ration3 ,,small ,,tempor>y ,,railroads ,,peopl$ ,,) ,,hordes ,,( ,,re/less ,,eng9es ,!n ! real survey-"w beg9s4 ,! eng9e]s divide ! l9e1 if x is ( any great l5g?1 & ! sev]al divisions prosecute _! "w simultane\sly4 ,ea* survey+ p>ty consi/s ( a front flag-man1 :o is a capta9 & comm&s a brigade ( axe-m5 9 _! "w ( cutt+ away trees & bu%es2 ! transit-man1 :o makes 8 record ( di/ances & angles & comm&s 8 brigade ( *a9-m5 & flag-m52 & ! levell]1 :o /udies cont\r all ! :ile1 & sup]visors1 rod-m5 & m axe-m54 ,topograph]s are c>ri$1 _! big draw+ bo>ds be+ /rapp$ ) ! camp equipm5t2 & a good cook is a big detail n likely to be ov]look$4 ,9 s(t & roll+ c\ntry ?is is a =m ( camp life t turns back ! sc(f]3 busy summ] days & indol5t summ] nights ar\nd ! camp-fire1 pipes draw+ well & plans be+ set = ! morr['s "w4 ,ano!r summ] all ?is w be *ang$4 ,! resi/less pa? ( ! railroad w be /epp$ ?r\gh "h1 ! gr\p ( nodd+ p9es w be gone1 = a culv]t w span ! creek at ?is v po9t4 ,sometimes ! "w ( ^! p>ties becomes int5se & dramatic4 ,! *ief1 l[]$ into a deep & rocky riv] caon1 is mak+ r\gh notes & sket*es1 foll[+ ! "* ( ! rock =mation1 & dream+ ! great dreams t all great eng9e]s1 great ar*itects1 great creators mu/ dream p]=ce4 ,he is dream+ ( ! day :51 a ye> or two h5ce1 ! railroad's pa? %all h cr[d$ itself into ?is impasse1 & :5 ! folk :o d9e luxuri\sly 9 ! %[y c>s w fret because ( ! curve t spills _! s\p1 & :o nev] "k ( ! man :o 0 slipp$ d[n ov] a six-hundr$-foot cliff 9 ord] t ! railroad might f9d its way4 ,x is !n t ! survey+ p>ty beg9s to h its ?rills4 ,p]haps to put t l9e ?r\gh ! caon ! p>ty w h to desc5d ! riv] 9 canoes4 ,if ! riv] be too r\gh1 !n !re is ! alt]native ( be+ l[]$ ov] ! cliffsides4 ,talk ( y\r dang]s ( ,alp9e climb+6 ,! eng9e]s :o plan & build railroads ?r\gh any m\nta9\s c\ntry miss n a s+le "o ( !m4 ,ev]y:]e ! l9es mu/ f9d a foo?old4 ,?is is ! proposition t admits ( b "o answ]--solution4 ,sometimes ! m5 :o foll[ ! *ief 9 ! deep riv] caons1 ! m5 ) heavy in/rum5ts to c>ry & to op]ate--transits1 levels1 & ! l--mu/ h l9es ( logs /rung toge!r = _! prec>i\s foo?old z !y "w4 ,sometimes ! foo?old is lo/2 ! rope t l[]s ! eng9e] d[n ov] ! cliffside snaps1 & ! folk 9 ! *e]ful d9+-room d n "k ( ! graves t are dug beside ! railroad's resi/less pa?4 ,x is all new & wond]ful1 blaz+ ?is pa? = civilization2 sometimes x is ev5 accid5tal4 ,an eng9e]1 baffl$ to f9d a cross+ ov] ! ,rockies = a transcont95tal r\te saw an eagle disappe> ?r\gh a cleft 9 ! hills t 8 eye _h n be=e detect$4 ,he foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! eagle2 to-day ! rails ( ! transcont95tal rea* ?r\gh t cleft1 & ! "t-table %[s x z ,eagle ,pass4 99 99 99 99 99 ,possibly !re are /ill alt]native r\tes :5 ! survey]s return 9 ! fall & beg9 to make _! f9i%$ draw+s4 ,f9al *oices mu/ n[ be made1 & l&-maps t %[ ! prop]ty t ! railroad w h to acquire1 prep>$4 ,! details1 ( inf9ite numb]1 are be+ work$ out ) inf9ite c>e4 ,! great problem ( all is ! problem ( grades2 9 a m\nta9\s /ret* ( l9e ?is is almo/ ! entire problem4 ,obvi\sly a p]fect /ret* ( railroad w\ld be /raight & )\t grades4 ,! railroad t comes ne>e/ t practically impossible /&>d comes ne>e/ to p]fection4 ,b z x comes ne> ?is p]fection1 ! co/ ( con/ruction multiplies _m times4 ,mo/ new l9es mu/ feel _! way c>efully at ! outset4 ,moreov] x is n an impossible ?+ to recon/ruct x aft] ye>s ( afflu5ce--( :i* m 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,a ?ree-p]-c5t grade is almo/ ! extreme limit = any?+ l a pr(itable op]ation2 ev5 a two-p]-c5t grade is "o 9 :i* ! op]at+ p look =w>d to recon/ruction & elim9ation4 ,yet !re are %ort l5g?s ( l9e up 9 ! m9+ camps ( ,colorado1 :]e grades ( m ?an f\r p] c5t are op]at$2 & x is a matt] ( railroad hi/ory t away back 9 #aheb1 :5 ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad 0 be+ pu%$ ?r\gh t[>d ,p>k]sburg1 & ! great ,k+wood tunnel 0 be+ dug1 ,b4 ,h4 ,latrobe1 ! *ief eng9e] ( ! company1 built & successfully op]at$ a tempor>y l9e ov] ! divide at a grade ( t5 p] c5t--#ebh feet to ! mile4 ,a locomotive :i* weigh$ #bh tons on its driv+-:eels c>ri$ a s+le pass5g] c>1 weigh+ #ae tons1 9 safety & 9 regul> op]ation ov] ?is /up5d\s grade = m ?an six mon?s4 ,! asc5t 0 made by means ( zigzag tracks on ! s-call$ swit*back pr9ciple4 ,t s*eme succe$$ e>li] planes op]at$ by endless *a9s2 an in/ance ( :i* is ! q fam\s road ( ,mau* ,*unk1 orig9ally op]at$ = coal1 & n[ a side sc5ic trip = pass5g]s4 ,o!r planes ( ?is sort1 y w rememb]1 7 9 op]ation at ,albany & ,s*5ectady on ! old ,mohawk ,hudson r\te1 n[ a "p ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es2 b all ( !m involv$ a *ange ( pass5g]s & freight to & f _! c>s1 & ! zigzag swit*back 0 consid]$ q an advance 9 its day4 ,two ( ^! anci5t swit*backs are /ill 9 regul> use = pass5g]s & freight--"o at ,honesdale1 ,pa41 & ! o!r at ,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y4 ,! matt] ( grades be+ settl$1 & ) x z a corroll>y ! "q ( m9or curves1 m9or details next claim att5tion4 ,p]haps ! wat] supply along ! new l9e is defective4 ,!n arrangem5ts mu/ be made = imp\nd+1 & p]haps suitable dams & wat]works w be built = ?is purpose4 ,! wat] mu/ be s(t1 to protect ! locomotive boil]s2 if h>d1 an app>atus is erect$ = ! s(t5+ process4 ,grade cross+s are to be avoid$1 highway cross+s be+ built1 :]ev] possible1 ov] or "u ! railroad4 ,a railroad cross+ ano!r railroad at grade is an abom9ation n to be p]mitt$ n[adays4 ,! univ]sal use ( ! air-brake has p]mitt$ a r$uction ( ! head-room1--! necess>y cle>ance betwe5 ! rail & ov]head ob/ruction--f #bj feet to #ad feet4 ,! old head-room 0 necess>y to protect ! brakeman :o work$ atop ( ! box-c>s4 ,?is r$uction ( six feet 9 cle>ance 0 a matt] ( inf9ite relief to eng9e]s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! bridg+ ( "o railroad ov] ano!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! entire problem ( bridges is s intricate a phase ( ,am]ican railroad con/ruction z to dem& att5tion 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,9 actual railroad practice x is apt to dem& a sep>ate bran* ( eng9e]+ skill1 bo? 9 con/ruction & 9 ma9t5ance4 ,we turn our att5tion back to ! ma9 problem ( ! build+ ( our railroad4 ,:5 all plans are f9i%$1 contracts rema9 to be divid$ & sub-divid$2 = x w\ld be a brave contractor1 inde$1 :o 9 ^! days w\ld cons5t to essay himself1 any consid]able l5g? ( railroad l9e4 ,9 fact1 9 rec5t "w ( heavy nature1 ! price is almo/ inv>iably plac$ at an indef9ite figure1 a c]ta9 def9ite p]c5tage ( pr(it be+ all[$ ! contractor on ea* cubic y>d ( rock or soil4 ,9 su* a case ! contractor's bus9ess becomes f> less a game ( *ance2 he is1 9 effect1 ! railroad's ag5t sup]vis+ its con/ruction at a c]ta9 set /ip5d4 ,let u say t ! con/ruction on our railroad beg9s 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,z a matt] ( real fact x w\ld n be halt$ long because ( adv]se wea!r conditions4 ,ev5 up 9 ! froz5 & un9habitable wilds ( ! ,canadian ,nor?we/1 "w has be5 prosecut$ on ! new ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific ?r\gh\t ! entire twelve mon?s4 ,b 9 summ] ! con/ruction gangs rejoice4 ,! great proposition ( br++ mile aft] mile ( future railroad to sub-grade--! level ^u :i* ! cross-ties are to be set--fairly sweeps =w>d "u ! g5ial w>m? ( ! sun4 ,! con/ruction is "u ! sup]vision ( compet5t eng9e]s1 :o are1 ( c\rse1 "u ! direct sup]vision ( ! railroad's own organization4 ,e six to twelve or fifte5 miles ( new l9e is divid$ into sections1 bett] kn[n z resid5cies1 = ea* is "u ! eye ( its own resid5t eng9e]4 ,he reports to ! con/ruction eng9e]1 :o 9 turn reports to ! *ief eng9e] ( ! railroad1 an (fic] :o reports to no less p]son ?an ! presid5t ( ! company4 ,?is great =ce--= ea* eng9e] has ga!r$ ab\t him a compet5t /aff ( "y m5 z exp]t ) compass1 ) level1 & ) transit z 7 ! m5 :o fir/ project$ ! l9e--is 9 ! field z quickly z ! contractor4 ,!y are to see him br+ ! l9e to sub-grade2 to see him place bridges & culv]ts1 bisect high hills ) cutt+s1 bore tunnels ?r\gh ev5 high] hills & m\nta9s1 span deep valleys ) great embankm5ts4 ,to facilitate quick con/ruction ! resid5cies are made num]\s2 "w beg9s at z _m initial po9ts z possible4 ,^! po9ts1 ( c\rse1 are situat$1 :]e possible1 close to wat] communication or exi/+ railroad l9es1 9 ord] t mat]ial may be br\ght ) ! lea/ possible delay & exp5se4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( c\rse1 if ! c\ntry has a %>p cont\r1 ! ord9>y difficulties ( l9e-con/ruction multiply v rapidly4 ,! great cutt+s ?r\gh ! hills may h to be c>v$ out ( resi/+ rock1 a "w t is c>ri$ on ?r\gh _m levels1 kn[n to ! eng9e]s z l$ges or z b5*es4 ,if !re are high hills to be not*$ !re w probably be great holl[s :]e ! circum/ances d n ju/ify c>ry+ ! l9e on bridge or tre/le4 ,9 ^! cases come ! fills1 or embankm5ts4 ,we h already %[n h[ ! locat+ eng9e] 9 ! fir/ in/ance has tri$ to plan 8 l9e s t ! e>? or rock f 8 cutt+ w be z ne>ly z possible suffici5t to =m ! ne>-by embankm5ts4 ,sometimes x is n1 & !n ! resid5t eng9e]s mu/ locate borr[-pits1 :]e ! hungry dem& ( ! railroad = dirt w cause a great holl[ to %[ itself on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! borr[-pit mu/ be c>efully locat$--conv5i5t ( access1 f> en\gh f ! track n to be a dang] spot to x4 ,?is is "o ( ! inf9ity ( problems t come to ! con/ruction eng9e]4 ,= ^! big jobs labor]s' camps w be e/abli%$ close to !m2 & small tempor>y railroads peopl$ ) hordes ( re/less dummy-eng9es & =c+ _! n>r[-gaug$ rails "h & !re & ev]y:]e1 w be busy = long weeks & mon?s4 ,!re w n be mu* h&-cutt+ 9 ! l$ges4 ,/eam %ovels1 m\nt$ l locomotives ^u ! rails1 & pu%+ =w>d all ! :ile1 w fairly eat out ! hillside4 ,"o ( ^! w cat* up 9 a s+le dip ( 8 giant arm m ?an a wagon load ( s(t e>? or ( rock t has be5 bla/$ ap>t = 8 com+4 ,to make ! fills ! eng9e]s mu/ (t5 build r\gh wood5 tre/les out ( ! p]man5t level ( ! l9e4 ,! dummy-eng9es1 ) _! trails ( dump-c>s1 com+ f ! back ( ! /eam %ovels 9 ! cutt+1 or f ! ne>e/ borr[-pit1 w h>dly seem 9 a s+le day to make an appreciable effect ^u ! fill4 ,b ! days & weeks toge!r c\nt1 & ! dump+ multiplies until ! r\gh tre/le has completely disappe>$1 & ! railroad has a firm & p]man5t pa? across ! edge ( ! dizzy embankm5t4 ,& ^! embankm5ts c be made truly dizzy4 ,! pass5g] go+ we/ f ,omaha on ! new ,lane cut-(f ( ! ,union ,pacific f9ds 8 pa? = almo/ tw5ty miles ?r\gh deep cutt+s ( ! cre/s ( ! roll+ ,nebraska hills1 across ! edge ( ! long fills ov] wide valleys4 ,! ,lackawanna railroad build+ a great cut-(f on its ma9 l9e :]e x passes ?r\gh ,new ,j]sey has j f9i%$ ! l>ge/ railroad embankm5t ev] built--an e>!n /ructure = two tracks1 ?ree miles long & sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ & t5 feet 9 height4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cutt+ ,a ,,pa? ,,= ,,! ,,railroad ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,cre/ ,,( ,,! ,,high ,,hills ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,giant ,,fill--,,9 ,,! ,,mak+ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f9i%+ ,,t\*es ,,to ,,! ,,track ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,ma*9e ,,c ,,lay ,a ,,mile ,,( ,,track ,a ,,day ,z ! l9e goes =w>d1 ! track foll[s4 ,! new railroad has probably popul>iz$ itself f ! outset by hir+ ! ne>-by f>m]s & _! teams to grade ! l9e ?r\gh _! localities1 p>ticul>ly :]e an almo/ level c\ntry makes ! grad+ a slight matt]4 ,sometimes 9 level c\ntry1 grad+ ma*9es1 drawn by horses1 or by traction eng9es1 h be5 us$ to advantage4 ,^! ma*9es are equipp$ ) pl\ghs :i* loos5 ! soil & place x on conveyor belts4 ,mat]ial c be deposit$ tw5ty-two feet away f ! l9e1 & a f\r-foot excavation c be made by ^! ma*9es ) ease4 ,b ! lay+ ( ! track--! l9e hav+ be5 f9i%$ at sub-grade ) a top wid? ( f #ad to #bj feet = ea* /&>d gauge track to be laid--! l9e beg9s to assume ! appe>ance ( a real railroad4 ,^u ! fir/ /ret*es ( complet$ track1 locomotives & c>s employ$ 9 con/ruction s]vice beg9 to op]ate4 ,z ! track gr[s1 _! field ( op]ation increases4 ,!n comes ! day :5 ! track sections beg9 to be jo9$2 ! railroad is beg9n+ to be a real pa?way ( /eel4 ,to build ?is pa?way is comp>atively a simple matt]1 once ! sub-grade is f9i%$4 ,a mile a day is n too mu* = any confid5t contractor to expect ( 8 con/ruction gangs4 ,!re 0 t "t1 back 9 '#fi1 :5 a _w's record ( t5 miles ( track laid 9 a s+le day 0 e/abli%$ on ! ,c5tral ,pacific4 ,= t mile ( /&>d track ! contractor w ne$ #c1afh ties--eight c>loads2 #ceb rails--five c>loads2 & a c>load ( angle irons1 bolts1 & spikes1 z fa/5]s4 ,! track-lay]s are z pr\d ( _! pr(ession z any man might be ( 84 ,_! skill is a wondr\s ?+4 ,two m5 :o foll[ ! wake ( a wagon r\ghly place ! ties z fa/ z !y are dropp$ ^u ! "r-(-way4 ,ano!r man aligns !m ) a l9e t has be5 /rung by "o ( ! "y eng9e]s1 a f\r? ) a not*$ bo>d1 m>ks ! location ( "o rail4 ,t rail--! l9e side--foll[s close to ! location m>ks4 ,x is r\ghly b&$ & lightly fa/5$ 9 place4 ,! o!r rail--! gauge side--quickly foll[s4 ,! wond]fully accurate gauge repres5t+ ! #d feet1 #h-a_/b in*es t is almo/ ! /&>d ( ! "w1 & :i* is te/$ e morn+ by ! eng9e]s1 is 9 con/ant use4 ,! railroad track mu/ be true2 !re is n room = ev5 ! v>iation ( a fraction ( an in* 9 ! gauge ( ! two rails4 ,9 fa/5+ ! two long l9es ( rails1 ! pr(ession ( track-lay+ rises to almo/ supreme heights4 ,! m5 :o fa/5 ! rail ) angle iron & a s+le r\ghly-adju/$ bolt 9 ea* rail-end are head-/rapp]s & pa/ ma/]s 9 _! art4 ,aft] !m 9 due season come ! back-/rapp]s1 f9i%+ t f9e "w ( solidly bolt+ ! rail aga9/ ! va/ /ra9 ( a ?\s&-ton tra9 be+ %ot ov] x at lightn+ spe$4 ,& aft] ! back-/rapp]s & ! m5 :o h spik$ ! rail to ! ties1 comes ! locomotive itself1 br++ m ties1 m rails1 m angle-b>s & bolts1 & m spikes to ! front4 ,!n sometime lat] ! road-b$ is balla/$ & ! l9e made ready = heavy op]ation4 ,b track-lay+ is frequ5tly ma*9e sy/ematiz$ ^! days2 & 9 ?is1 z 9 s _m small] ?+s1 ! me*anical device has supplant$ ! man4 ,a real giant is ! track-lay+ ma*9e4 ,x is m\nt$ ^u railroad tracks & is a =m ( ov]head c>ri] ) a trem5d\s ov]hang4 ,! c>ri] is f$ ) ! cross-ties f supply c>s j back ( ! ma*9e & ! ties are dropp$1 ea* close to its appo9t$ place1 z a locomotive sl[ly pu%es ! entire app>atus =w>d4 ,9 a small] way ! heavy /eel rails are deliv]$ f "u ! ov]hang ( ! c>ri]4 ,a gang ( m5 make %ort "w ( ! fa/5+ ( ! rail to ! cross-ties & ! ma*9e moves /eadily =w>d4 ,x has be5 kn[n to make two miles a day at ?is "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,culv]ts h be5 laid = ea* small run or kill or creek2 ! bridge-build]s along ! new l9e f9i% _! "w & c>t (f _! kits2 ! day comes :5 !re is an unbrok5 railroad f "o end ( ! new l9e to ! o!r4 ,x l9ks new rails & new t[ns2 its localities produce = new m>kets1 comm]ce f /range qu>t]s p\rs d[n ^u ! l& t has kn[n x n4 ,pass5g] tra9s beg9 regul> op]ation1 ! fre%-pa9t$ depots are brilliant 9 _! newness1 ! %riek ( ! locomotive s\nds :]e x has nev] be=e s\nd$4 ,life is awak5$4 ,! railroad1 :i* is life1 has rea*$ =? a new arm1 & creation is begun4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,tunnels ,,_! ,,use ,,9 ,,r$uc+ ,,grades--,,! ,,hoosac ,,tunnel--,,! ,,use ,,( ,,%afts-- ,,tunnell+ ,,"u ,,wat]--,,! ,,detroit ,,riv] ,,tunnel4 ,sometimes ! con/ruction eng9e] ( ! railroad br+s 8 new l9e face to face ) a m\nta9 too /eep to be easily m\nt$4 ,!n he may prep>e to pi]ce x4 ,tunnels are n pleasant ?+s ?r\gh :i* to ride4 ,!y are1 moreov]1 exp5sive to con/ruct1 & :5 once con/ruct$ are an un5d+ c>e1 necessitat+ exp5sive & con/ant inspection4 ,b--& t b 9 ?is case is a v l>ge "o--!y r$uce grades & di/ances 9 a :olesale fa%ion2 & :5 y r$uce grades y are pretty sure to be r$uc+ op]at+ exp5ses4 ,a railroad man w ?9k twice 9 8 opposition to a smoky bore ( a tunnel t w co/ "s ?ree to five million doll>s1 :5 8 exp]t advis]s tell him t t same smoky bore w save him a hundr$ ?\s& tons ( coal 9 ! c\rse ( a ye>4 ,f almo/ its v beg9n+s ! ,am]ican railroad has be5 dep5d5t ^u tunnels1 & ?us has closely foll[$ ,european prec$5t4 ,! ,alleghany ,portage ,railroad1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 pass$ ?r\gh :at is said to h be5 ! fir/ railroad tunnel 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x pi]c$ a spur 9 ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s1 & x 0 #ija feet 9 l5g?1 #bj feet wide1 & #ai feet high )9 ! ar*1 #aej feet at ea* end be+ ar*$ ) cut /one4 ,! old tunnel1 built 9 #ahcb1 :i* has n e*o$ ) ! pant+ ( ! locomotive = m ?an half a c5tury1 is /ill to be f\nd n f> f ,john/[n1 ,pa4 ,x simply s]ves ! purpose to-day ( call+ att5tion to ! durable fa%ion 9 :i* ! e>lie/ ( our railroad-build]s work$4 ,( ! build+ ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio1 tunnel-con/ruction =m$ an e>ly "p1 sev]al pa?s be+ f\nd across ! /eep pr(iles ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,! ,k+wood ,tunnel1 :i* ,b4 ,h4 ,latrobe drove1 0 ne>ly a mile long & ! *ief ( ^! bores4 ,b :5 ! ,hoosac ,tunnel 0 fir/ propos$--pi]c+ ! rocky he>t ( "o ( ! greate/ ( ! ,b]k%ires--! c\ntry /ood agha/4 ,f\r miles & a half ( tunnel6 ,t seem$ ridicul\s away back 9 #ahed1 :5 ! plan 0 fir/ broa*$ & folk 7 n sl[ to say :at !y ?\ght ( su* an absurd plan4 ,= tw5ty ye>s x look$ z ?\gh ^! sc(f]s 7 9 ! "r--! "w ( digg+ t monum5tal tunnel 0 a fe>ful dra9 on ! treasury ( ! commonweal? ( ,massa*usetts1 :i* 0 l5d+ its aid to ! project4 ,b ! tunnel-digg]s f9ally conqu]$--!y almo/ always d--& ! ,hoosac rema9s to-day ! greate/ ( all m\nta9 tunnels 9 ,am]ica4 ,! sy/em ( cont9u\s tunnels1 by :i* ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad rec5tly rea*$ its t]m9al 9 ,new ,york1 /ret*es f ,b]g5 ,hill 9 ,new ,j]sey to ,sunnyside1 ,long ,isl&1 a di/ance ( "s t5 miles4 ,9 fact ! l>ge/ feature ( rec5t tunnel-"w 9 ?is c\ntry has be5 9 connection ) t]m9al & rapid-transit developm5t 9 ! l>g] cities4 ,= a good _m ye>s ,new ,york & ,baltimore1 9 p>ticul>1 h be5 pi]c$ ) ^! sub-surface railroads2 x is a con/ruction feature t increases z our great cities !mselves increase4 ,no riv] is to-day too =midable to be conqu]$ by ^! und]gr\nd traffic r\tes4 ,a riv] su* z ! ,hudson or ! ,detroit may sometimes halt ! bridge-build]s2 x has b slight t]ror = ! tunnel eng9e]s4 ,! tunnel-"w is apt to be a sep>ate "p ( ! "w ( build+ a railroad4 ,x calls = its own tal5t1 & t ( an exce$+ly exp]t sort4 ,if ! tunnel is m ?an a half or ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile long x w probably be dug f a %aft or %afts z well z f its portals4 ,9 ?is way ! "w w n only be greatly ha/5$ b ! %afts w cont9ue 9 use aft] ! "w is complet$ z v5ts = ! dis*>ge ( eng9e smoke & gases f ! tube4 ,! "w mu/ be "u ! con/ant & close sup]vision ( resid5t eng9e]s4 ,! survey l9es mu/ be correct$ daily1 = ! tunnel mu/ n g a/ray4 ,x mu/ drive a true c\rse f head+ to head+4 ,9 ! %afts plumb l9es1 ) heavy bobs1 to less5 vibration1 w be hung4 ,sometimes ^! bobs are imm]s$ 9 wat] or 9 molasses4 ,f ! portals & f ! bottoms ( ! %afts ! head+s are driv54 ,if ! tunnel is to accommodate no m ?an a s+le track x w be built f #ae to #af-a_/b feet wide1 & f #ba to #bb feet high1 inside ( its l9+2 s ! g5]al me?od is fir/ to drive a top head+ ( ab\t #aj feet 9 height up "u ! ro( ( ! bore4 ,! re/ ( ! mat]ial is tak5 out 9 its own good season on two foll[+ b5*es or levels4 ,pi]c+ a granite m\nta9 is no rapid "w4 ,:5 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad built its second ,gallitz9 ,tunnel 9 #aijc1 #ac m51 work+ #d drills 9 ! top head+1 7 able to drill #af holes1 ea* #aj feet deep1 9 a s+le day4 ,! eng9e]s !re figur$ t ea* bla/ remov$ tw5ty-?ree cubic y>ds ( ! rock4 ,at night1 :5 ! h>d-rock m5 7 sleep+ & _! drills sil5t1 a gang ( f\rte5 muck]s remov$ ! loos5$ mat]ial4 ,sl[ "w t4 ,! ,nor!rn ,pacific f9d+ its way ?r\gh ! cre/ ( ! ,cascade ,m\nta9s by means ( ! great ,/amp$e ,tunnel1 ne>ly two miles 9 l5g?1 dem&$ t ! contractor "w "u pressure & make #ac-a_/b feet ( tunnel a day4 ,! contractor1 work+ "u ! bonus plan1 did bett]4 ,) 8 army ( #cej h>d-rock m51 muck]s1 & _! help]s1 & 8 tireless batt]y ( #cf drills he sometimes made z high z eighte5 feet a day f ! two head+s4 ,on a ?ree-ye> job he beat 8 contract "t by sev5 days4 ,! ,nor!rn ,pacific paid ! price1 #aah = ea* l9eal foot ( tunnel4 ,t 0 a high price1 occasion$ l>gely by ! fact t ! "w 0 c>ri$ =w>d 9 :at 0 !n an almo/ unbrok5 wild]ness4 ,! ,waba% f9d+ its way ?r\gh ! great & =bidd+ hills ( ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania to ,pittsburgh a doz5 ye>s lat] 0 able to dig its succession ( tunnels at an av]age co/ ( #d1eji = #ajj feet4 ,( t am\nt #b1ebg w5t = labor2 & #bfj 0 ! price ( a ton ( dynamite4 ,:5 ! tunnel eng9e] f9ds t 8 bore is n to pi]ce h>d-rock1 ( ^: solidity he is m ?an reasonably assur$1 he prep>es to use cutt+-%ields4 ,^! %ields1 proce$+ simultane\sly f ! portals & f ! foot+s ( ! %afts1 are /eel r+s ( a circumf]5ce only slightly great] ?an t ( ! f9i%$ tunnel4 ,) pick & ) drill & dynamite1 !y con/antly cle> a pa? = x1 :]eupon x is press$ =w>d 9 t pa?4 ,dummy tracks foll[ ! cutt+-%ield2 & dummy locomotives--m likely electric ?an /eam 9 ^! days--are us$ 9 remov+ ! mat]ial4 ,electricity has be5 a boon to latt]-day tunnel-work]s4 ,its use = light & p[] keeps ! tunnel q cle> ( all gases dur+ ! "w ( bor+4 ,9 r>e cases1 ! rock ?r\gh :i* ! %ield has be5 =c$ is /rong en\gh to support itself2 9 mo/ works ! eng9e]s pref] to l9e ! bore1 ) brick & concrete1 z a rule4 ,?is l9+ is set 9 ! pa? ( ! cutt+-%ield be=e its protection is entirely )drawn2 & s ! heavy ro(-timb]+ :i* 0 =m]ly a trade-m>k ( ! successful tunnel eng9e] is no long] us$4 ,tunnel-bor+ becomes d\bly difficult :5 ! railroad is to be c>ri$ "u a riv] or "s broad arm ( ! sea4 ,m5 "w 9 an unnatural environm5t :5 !y "w bel[ ! surface ( great wat]s1 & ! record ( su* "w is a record ( _m trag$ies4 ,at any in/ant firm rock may cease1 silt or s& or an und]gr\nd /ream may make its appe>ance & ! helpless workm5 f9d a ready grave4 ,9 "w :]e !re is ev5 ! slighte/ expectation ( su* a cont+5cy ! air-lock1 ) its artificial pressure to hold back ! s(t e>? & moi/ure is br\ght into use4 ,9 ano!r *apt] we %all see h[ ! caisson is op]at$4 ,suffice x to say n[ t ! necessity ( work+ "u ! air1 br+s no com=t to any "o4 ,x va/ly h9d]s & complicates ! "w ( con/ruction1 & adds greatly to ! exp5se4 ,moreov]1 x has its own record ( trag$ies4 ,/ill x rema9s1 to ! inf9ite cr$it ( a national p]si/5ce1 t !re is no record 9 ! annals ( ,am]ican eng9e]+ :]e ! work]s h f9ally giv5 up a tunnel job4 ,lives h be5 sacrific$1 good-siz$ =tunes swept away1 b 9 ! end ! resi/less railroad has always f\nd its und]gr\nd pa?4 ,! tunnel-work]s c tell y ( ! accid5t :5 ! subway 0 be+ driv5 "u ! ,ea/ ,riv] f ,manhattan to ,brooklyn1 ?ree ye>s ago4 ,! cutt+-%ield1 :i* 0 advanc+ f ! ,brooklyn side1 sudd5ly slipp$ out f ! rock into ! unprotect$ s(t mud ( ! riv] bottom4 ,! heavily compress$ air %ot a geys] /raight up to ! surface ( ! riv] "s fifty feet above4 ,a workman %ot ?r\gh ! geys]1 pir\ett$ gayly = a fraction ( a second above ! riv]1 !n dropp$1 to be pick$ up by ! crew ( a pass+ f]ryboat4 ,9 a week he 0 back at "w aga9 inside ! cutt+-%ield4 ,8 =tune 0 ! opposite ( t :i* g5]ally awaits a man caught 9 a tunnel accid5t4 ,x a9't z bad z x us$ to be1 "o ( !m in=ms y4 ,:5 ,i fir/ got into ?is pr(ession1 !y didn't h ! electricity = lights or mov+ ! c>s or no?+4 ,we us$ to try & get along ) safety lamps an' ne> *oke to dea?4 ,x 0 m l hell !n ?an x is n[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sometimes ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,eng9e] 444 ,,br+s ,,8 ,,l9e ,,face ,,to ,,face ,,) ,a ,,m\nta9 ,illu/ration3 ,,f9i%+ ,,! ,,l9+ ,,( ,a ,,tunnel ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,busie/ ,,tunnel ,,po9t ,,9 ,,! ,,_w--,,at ,,! ,,we/ ,,portals ,,( ,,! ,,b]g5 ,,tunnels1 ,,six ,,erie ,,tracks ,,bel[1 ,,f\r ,,lackawanna ,,above ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hack5sack ,,portals ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania',s ,,great ,,tunnels ,,"u ,,new ,,york ,,city ,b y\r int]e/ 9 ! man :o 0 bl[n f ! tunnel to ! surface ( ! riv] & escap$ ) 8 life is n entirely satiat$1 & y ask m que/ions4 ,:at d !y d :5 !y /rike s(t mud l t8 ,we get d[n & pray1 he ( ! exp]i5ce 9 ?is weird =m ( con/ruction eng9e]+ tells y4 ,we try to get ! boys safely back ?r\gh ! air-lock1 & !n we quit bor+ till we c fix ?+s up f outside4 ,if x's a real bad case we've got to make l& to bore ?r\gh4 ,x's g5]ally done by dump+ rock & bags ( s& f floats j ov] :]e %e bl[s out4 ,x's a pretty r\gh way ( doctor+ h] up1 b x has to g1 & g5]ally x does4 ,all we want is to get x to hold until we c set ! r+s ( ! tunnel4 ,t a9't always ! wor/4 ,i've be5 driv+ a bore "u wat] ?is way1 :5 we /ruck /iff rock ov]head & s(t mud und]nea? ! edge4 ,t's some?+ t makes ! eng9e]s hump4 ,y c't re/ a ca/-iron tunnel l ?is on mud & y get a wond]+ if y've got to quit aft] all ?is "w "u ! durn$ old riv]1 & let ! boss lose 8 money4 ,! la/ "t we /ruck a snag ( t sort1 ! boss didn't give up4 ,he wasn't t k9d4 ,he _h a *ief eng9e] t 0 brass tacks f beg9n+ to end4 ,:at d y suppose t fell[ did8 ,he bor$ holes 9 ! bottom ( ! l9+ & drove /eel legs "r d[n to ! next l$ge ( solid rock bel[4 ,!re's t tunnel to-day1 c>ry+ #cb1jjj p betwe5 five & six o'clock e night p]*$ d[n !re sev5ty feet und]gr\nd l a big cat]pill> sprawl$ "u ! wick$e/ l$ge o' rock y ev] see4 ,x takes a real g5ius ( an eng9e] = ?is sort ( "w4 ,he :o drives 8 bore into ! unkn[n mu/ be on gu>d = ! unexpect$4 ,em]g5cies arise ^u ! m9ute1 & ! tunnel eng9e] mu/ be ready ) 8 wits & +5uity to meet !m4 ,f9ally ! day does come :5 ! bores f ei!r %ore are h>d ^u "o ano!r4 ,if !re has be5 bla/+ "u ! b$ ( ! riv] x is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! drills "w at half-spe$1 ! fev] ( expectancy hangs ov] ! m54 ,^? :o are close at ! head+ cat* fa9t s\nds ( ! workm5 on ! o!r side ( ! ?9 b>ri]--! la/ b>ri] ( ! riv] t 0 suppos$ to ackn[l$ge no conqu]or4 ,! fir/ t9y ap]ture betwe5 ! two bores is greet$ ) wild *e]s4 ,on ! surface f> above1 ! :i/les ( ! %aft-h\ses c>ry =? ! news to ! out] _w2 x is e*o$ & re*o$ by ! noisy riv] craft4 ,! ap]ture gr[s l>g]4 ,x is l>ge en\gh to p]mit ! passage ( a man's body2 & a man1 enjoy+ fame = ?is "o mom5t 9 8 life1 crawls ?r\gh x4 ,! m5 knock (f "w & h a r\gh spread 9 ! tunnel4 ,at night ! eng9e]s & contractors banquet 9 a hotel4 ,n s bad1 ! *ief eng9e] says quietly4 ,we 7 #c_/h ( an in* out1 9 #h1jjj feet4 ,x 0 n s bad4 ,x spoke wond]s = 8 pr(ession4 ,to c>ry =? two giant bores f ! opposite sides ( a broad riv]1 & h !m meet )9 #c_/h ( an in* ( p]fect alignm5t1 0 an a*ievem5t well wor? att5tion4 ,aft] t1 ! la/ traces ( ! r\gh rock & silt are remov$1 ! iron r+s ( ! tunnel made fa/ toge!r1 ! air pressure releas$1 ! cutt+-%ields1 t =m$ s ess5tial a feature ( ! con/ruction1 remov$4 ,!n !re rema9s only ! "w ( in/all+ conduits & wir+ & lay+ ! tracks be=e ! tunnel is ready = ! traffic ( ! railroad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,mi*igan ,c5tral has rec5tly f9i%$ a tunnel "u ! busy ,detroit ,riv]1 at ,detroit1 :i* elim9ates ! use ( a c>-f]ry at t po9t4 ,! tunnel 0 built 9 a mann] entirely new to eng9e]s4 ,! riv] at ,detroit is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile wide1 & its b$ is ( s(t blue clay1 mak+ x difficult to bore a tunnel safely & economically4 ,to meet ?is ob/acle a new fa%ion ( tunnel-build+ 0 creat$4 ,! tunnel itself consi/s ( two tubes1 ea* made f /eel #c_/h ( an in* 9 ?ickness & re9=c$ e twelve feet by out] f9s4 ,! *annel 0 dr$g$ & a f\ndation b$ ( concrete laid4 ,! sections ( ! tunnel1 ea* #bej feet long1 7 !n put 9 position "o at a "t4 ,! section-ends 7 clos$ at a %ore plant ) wat]-tight wood5 bulkheads4 ,!y 7 !n la%$ to f\r float+ cyl9d]s ( compress$ air & t[$ out to position4 ,aft] t x 0 m]ely a matt] ( detail to drop ! sections into place1 p\r 9 m concrete & make ! new section fa/4 ,! wood5 bulkheads next ! complet$ tube 7 !n remov$ & ! /ructure 0 ready = ! track-lay]s4 ,! sub-aque\s portion ( ! new ,detroit ,tunnel is #b1fjj feet long2 x jo9s on ! ,detroit side ) a l& tunnel #b1ajj feet long1 & on ! ,canadian side ) a l& tunnel ( #c1aib feet4 ,x takes m ?an a riv]1 c>ry+ ?r\gh its n>r[ ?roat ! va/ & gr[+ traffic ( ! ,great ,lakes--a traffic t is comp>able ) t ( ! ,atlantic itself--to halt ! progress ( ! railroad4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,bridges ,,bridges ,,( ,,timb]1 ,,!n ,,/one1 ,,!n ,,/eel--,,! ,,/>ucca ,,viaduct--,,! ,,fir/ ,,iron ,,bridge ,,9 ,,! ,u4 ,s4--,,/eel ,,bridges--,,eng9e]+ ,,triumphs--,,diff]5t ,,types ,,( ,,railroad ,,bridge--,,! ,,deck ,,span ,,& ,,! ,,truss ,,span--,,susp5sion ,,bridges--,,cantilev] ,,bridges--,,rea*+ ,,! ,,solid ,,rock ,,) ,,caissons--,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,s&-,,hogs--,,! ,,cantilev] ,,ov] ,,! ,,p5d ,,oreille ,,riv]--,,v>iety ,,( ,,problems ,,9 ,,bridge-,,build+--,,po9ts ,,9 ,,favor ,,( ,,! ,,/one ,,bridge--,,bridges ,,ov] ,,! ,,keys ,,( ,,florida4 ,:5 ! habitations ( man fir/ began to multiply ^u ! banks ( ! wat] c\rses1 ! pr(ession ( ! bridge-build] 0 born4 ,! fir/ bridge 0 probably a fell$ tree spann+ "s mode/ brook4 ,b f t fir/ bridge came a magnific5t developm5t4 ,bridge-build+ became an art & a sci5ce4 ,m5 wr\ght gigantic /ructures 9 /one1 long-ar*$ viaducts1 ) :i* !y defi$ "t4 ,!n = two ?\s& ye>s ! pr(ession ( ! bridge-build] /ood absolutely /ill4 ,) ! com+ ( ! iron & /eel age x mov$ =w>d aga94 ,! developm5t ( a fibre ( great /r5g? & )\t ! dead weight ( granite gave eng9e]s new possibilities4 ,!y began 9 simple fa%ion1 & !n !y develop$ once aga91 ) m>vell\s /rides4 ,/eel1 ! dead ?+ ) a liv+ muscle1 c\ld span wat]ways f :i* /one %rank4 ,/eel r$rew ! maps ( nations4 ,pr\d riv]s at :i* ! pa?s ( man _h halt$1 7 conqu]$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,r\tes ( traffic ( e sort 7 simplifi$2 ! railroad made new progress2 & economic sav+ ( millions ( doll>s 0 made to ?is gray old _w4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! v di/+ui%$ li/ ( ,am]ican bridge-build]s erect$ great timb] /ructures = ! highroads & ! po/-roads4 ,"s ( !m w5t back _m c5turies & came to ! /one bridge1 9 _m ways ! mo/ wond]ful ( all ! artifices by :i* man conqu]s ! ob/ructive p[] ( a runn+ /ream4 ,b ! build+ ( /one bridges took "t & money1 & "t & money 7 little kn[n factors 9 a new l& t _h begun to exp& rapidly4 ,s at fir/ ! railroad foll[$ ! c\rse ( ! highroad & ! po/-road1 & took ! timb] bridge unto itself4 ,9 "s cases x actually fa/5$ itself ^u ! highroad bridge1 z at ,tr5ton1 ,n4 ,j41 :]e a fai?ful wood5 /ructure built by ,!odore ,burr 9 #ahjc 0 /r5g!n$ & wid5$ 9 #ahdh to take ! fir/ ?r\gh railroad r\te f ,new ,york4 ,x cont9u$ its heavy dual "w until #ahge :5 x 0 sup]s$$ by a /eel bridge4 ,a doz5 ye>s ago ! railroad tracks 7 mov$ f t /ructure to a magnific5t & p]man5t /one-ar* built ne>-by4 ,?us ! railroad cross+ ! ,delaw>e at ,tr5ton has1 9 ?is way1 typifi$ /ep by /ep e /age ( ! developm5t ( ,am]ican bridge-build+4 ,! timb] bridges develop$ ! /eel truss bridge1 ! typically ,am]ican con/ruction1 ( to-day4 ,9 an e>li] day ! timb] bridges 7 ! glory ( ! eng9e]4 ,sometimes y see "o ( ^! old fell[s rema9+1 l ! long /ructure t ,mr4 ,walcott built across ! ,connecticut ,riv] at ,spr+field1 ,mass41 9 #ahje1 & :i* /ill does good s]vice2 b ! mo/ ( !m h pass$ away4 ,fire has be5 _! mo/ p]si/5t enemy4 ,)9 ! pa/ two ye>s fire de/roy$ ! /aun* toll-bridge at ,wat]=d on ! ,hudson1 j above ,troy4 ,! bridge 0 a fai?ful c>ri] = "o hundr$ & f\r ye>s4 ,9 _m ways x 0 typical ( ^? fir/ con/ructions4 ,x consi/$ ( f\r cle> ar* spans--"o #aed feet1 ano!r #afa feet1 ! ?ird #agf feet1 & ! f\r? #ahj feet 9 l5g?4 ,x 0 built ( yell[ p9e1 wond]fully hewn & fitt$1 hung ^u solid pegs2 & save = ! r5ewal ( "s ( ! ar* foot+s1 ! ro(1 & ! side cov]+s1 x 0 un*ang$ ?r\gh all ! ye>s--ev5 ?\gh ! heavy trolley-c>s ( a ?r\gh int]urban l9e 7 f9ally turn$ ^u x4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ! once-fam$ ,p]man5t ,bridge across ! ,s*uylkill ,riv] at ,philadelphia 0 built4 ,x _h two ar*es ( #aej feet ea* & "o ( #aie feet4 ,9 its day x 0 reg>d$ z no?+ less ?an a triumph4 ,a v old publication says3 ,! plan 0 furni%$ by ,mr4 ,timo?y ,palm]1 ( ,newburyport1 ,mass41 a self-taught ar*itect4 ,he br\ght ) him five workm5 f ,new ,engl&4 ,!y at once ev9c$ sup]ior intellig5ce & adroitness 9 a bus9ess :i* 0 f\nd to be a peculi> art1 acquir$ by habits n promptly ga9$ by ev5 good workm5 9 o!r bran*es ( fram+ 9 wood4444 ,! frame is a ma/]ly piece ( workman%ip1 comb9+ 9 its pr9ciples t ( k+-po/ & braces or trusses ) ^? ( a /one ar*4 ,9 aft] ye>s1 ! ,p]man5t ,bridge 0 also entru/$ ) ! c>ry+ ( a railroad4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 disappe>$ ^! _m ye>s4 ,! e>ly railroad build]s did n neglect ! possibilities ( ! /one bridge4 ,two notable e>ly examples ( ?is =m ( con/ruction /ill rema9--! ,/>rucca ,viaduct ^u ! ,erie ,railroad1 ne> ,susquehanna1 ,pa41 & an ev5 e>li] /ructure1 ! /one-ar* bridge across ! ,patapsco ,riv] at ,relay1 ,md41 :i* ,b4 ,h4 ,latrobe1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( all ,am]ican railroad eng9e]s1 built = ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad1 9 #ahcc-ce4 ,! ,?omas ,viaduct1 z x has be5 kn[n = ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury1 0 ! fir/ /one-ar* bridge ev] built to c>ry railroad traffic4 ,x 0 erect$ 9 a day :5 ! railroad 0 j graduat+ f ! use ( teams ( horses z motive-p[]4 ,9 ?is day1 :5 locomotives h begun to rea* practical limits ( size & weight1 t viaduct is /ill 9 use z an integral "p ( ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio4 ,x is built on a curve1 & consi/s ( #h spans ( /one ar*es1 #fg feet #f in*es1 c5tre to c5tre ( pi]s1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! abutm5ts at ea* end1 make ! total l5g? ( ! /ructure #fab feet4 ,x is 9 z good condition to-day z ^u ! day x 0 built4 ,:5 ! ,erie ,railroad 0 be+ con/ruct$ across ! ,s\!rn ,ti] c\nties ( ,new ,york 9 #ahdh1 its c\rse 0 halt$ ne> ! po9t :]e ! rails fir/ rea*$ ! beautiful valley ( ! ,susquehanna4 ,a side-valley1 a qu>t] ( a mile 9 wid?1 /ret*$ itself squ>ely across ! railroad's pa?4 ,!re 0 no way x c\ld be avoid$1 & x c\ld be cross$ only at a high level4 ,= a "t ! projectors ( ! ,erie consid]$ mak+ a solid fill1 b ! trem5d\s co/ ( su* an embankm5t 0 prohibitive4 ,:ile !y 7 at _! wits' ends1 ,james ,p4 ,kirkwood1 a %rewd ,scot*man1 :o _h be5 work+ z a civil eng9e] ^u ! ,bo/on ,albany1 appe>$4 ,kirkwood spann$ ! valley ) ! ,/>ucca ,viaduct1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful bridges ev] built 9 ,am]ica4 ,he op5$ qu>ries close at h& & by indefatigable en]gy built 8 /one bridge 9 a s+le summ]4 ,x has be5 9 use ev] s9ce4 ,! increas+ weight ( its burd5s has nev] be5 ( consequ5ce to x1 & to-day x rema9s an important l9k 9 a busy trunk-l9e railroad4 ,x is #a1bjj feet 9 l5g? & consi/s ( #ah ar*es ( #ej feet cle> span apiece4 ,b /one bridges ev5 !n co/ money1 & s ! timb] /ructure /ill rema9$ ! mo/ available4 ,_m m5 c /ill rememb] ! tunnels1 into ^: d>kness ! railroad c>s plung$ e "t !y cross$ a /ream ( any importance :atsoev]4 ,!y h ne>ly all gone4 ,! wood5 bridge 0 ill suit$ to ! ravages ( wea!r & ( fire--ravages t 7 quick5$ by ! railroad1 r ?an h9d]$4 ,a sub/itute mat]ial 0 dem&$4 ,x 0 f\nd--9 iron4 ,! fir/ iron bridge 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is believ$ to be ! "o erect$ by ,trumbull 9 #ahdj ov] ! ,erie ,canal at ,frank=t1 ,n4 ,y4 ,record is also held ( "o ( ^! bridges be+ built = ! ,nor? ,adams bran* ( ! ,bo/on ,albany ,railroad1 9 #ahdf4 ,ab\t a ye> lat]1 ,na?aniel ,rid] began to build iron bridges = ! ,new ,york ,h>lem1 ! ,erie1 & "s o!rs ( ! e>ly railroads4 ,8 bridges--( ! truss type1 ( c\rse1 t type hav+ be5 work$ out 9 ! timb] bridges ( ! l&--7 ea* compos$ ( ca/-iron top-*ords & po/1 ! rema9+ "p ( ! /ructure be+ fabricat$ ( wr\ght-iron4 ,! memb]s 7 bolt$ toge!r4 ,/ill1 ! failure ( a ,rid] bridge ^u ! ,erie 9 #ahej1 foll[$ closely by ! failure ( a simil> /ructure ov] ! ,riv] ,dee1 9 ,engl&1 influ5c$ (ficials ( t railroad to a conclusion t iron bridges 7 unpractical1 & to ord] !m to be remov$ & replac$ by wood5 /ructures4 ,= a "t x look$ z if ! iron bridge 7 doom$4 ,t 0 a d>k day = ! bridge eng9e]s4 ,a contempor>y acc\nt says3 ,! fir/ impulse to ! g5]al adoption ( iron = railroad bridges 0 giv5 by ,b5jam9 ,h4 ,latrobe1 *ief eng9e] ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad4 ,:5 ! ext5sion ( ?is road f ,cumb]l& to ,:eel+ 0 begun1 he decid$ to use ?is mat]ial 9 all ! new bridges4 ,mr4 ,latrobe _h previ\sly mu* exp]i5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( wood5 bridges 9 :i* iron 0 ext5sively us$2 he _h also design$ & us$ ! fi%-belli$ gird] con/ruct$ ( ca/ & wr\ght-iron4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! really great ,latrobe1 an iron span ( #abd feet 0 built 9 #aheb at ,h>p]s ,f]ry4 ,9 t same ye>1 ! ,b4 ,o4 built its ,monongahela ,riv] ,bridge1 a really pret5ti\s /ructure ( #c spans ( #bje feet ea*1 & ! fir/ really great iron railroad bridge 9 all ! l&4 ,! pa? 0 set4 ,! conque/ ( iron ov] wood z a bridge mat]ial 0 m]ely a problem ( good eng9e]+4 ,! iron bridge quickly came into its own4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad began build+ ca/-iron bridges ( f #fe to #aaj feet span at its ,altoona %ops = ! _m creeks & runs along ! we/]n end ( its l9e4 ,! o!r railroads 7 foll[+ 9 rapid ord]4 ,squire ,:ipple1 ,bollman1 ,pratt--all ! o!rs :o c\ld design & build iron bridges--7 kept m ?an busy by ! "w t p\r$ 9 ^u !m4 ,& 9 ! day :5 ! iron bridge 0 com+ into its own1 ,sir ,h5ry ,bessem]1 ov] 9 ,engl&1 0 br++ ! /eel age into exi/5ce1 fir/ mak+ toy cannon models = ! la/+ joy ( ,napoleon ,,iii1 & !n mak+ a :ole _w see t /eel--t dead ?+ ) ! liv+ muscle--0 no long] to be limit$ = use 9 tools & cutt+ surface4 ,/eel 0 to become ! v "r-h& ( man4 ,& s /eel came to ! bridge-build]s1 at fir/ only 9 ! mo/ important we>+ po9ts su* z p9s & rivets1 f9ally to be ! :ole fabric ( ! mod]n bridge4 ,! transition 0 gradual4 ,! e>ly eng9e]s began us+ less & less ( ca/-iron & m & m ( wr\ght1 until !y _h practically elim9at$ ca/-iron z a bridge mat]ial4 ,!n !re came a quick *ange2 !re 0 ano!r d>k day = ! railroad bridge eng9e]s ( ,am]ica4 ,9 #ahgf--t v ye> :5 ! l& 0 s joy\sly celebrat+ its ,c5t5nial--a pass5g] tra9 w5t cra%+ ?r\gh a defective bridge at ,a%tabula1 ,ohio4 ,!re 0 a great prop]ty loss--?\s&s & ?\s&s ( doll>s1 & a loss ( lives t c\ld nev] be express$ 9 doll>s4 ,an outrag$ l& ask$ ! bridge-build]s if !y really knew _! bus9ess4 ,out ( t ,a%tabula wreck came ! sci5tific te/+ ( bridges & bridge mat]ials1 & ! abolition ( ! rule-(-?umb 9 ! *eap] sorts ( con/ruction4 ,out ( t mis]able wreckage came also ! use ( /eel 9 ! railroad bridge4 ,/eel _h f\nd itself2 & h[ ! /eel bridges began to spr+ up across ! l&6 ,!y spann$ ! ,ohio1 & !y spann$ ! ,mississippi1 & !y spann$ ! ,miss\ri2 a great /ructure ?rew itself ov] ! deep gorge ( ! ,k5tucky ,riv]4 ,:5 ! day came t fire de/roy$ ! fam\s wood5 viaduct ( ! ,erie ov] ! ,g5esee ,riv] at ,portage1 ,n4 ,y4 7y mu/ rememb] ! pictures ( t trem5d\s /ructure 9 ! e>ly geographies71 /eel took its place4 ,all ?is :ile ! bridge eng9e] attempt$ m & m4 ,he built ov] ! deep gorge ( ! ,niag>a4 ,he conqu]$ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce 9 & ab\t ,montreal4 ,he laugh$ at ! mighty ,hudson & flung a dizzy /eel tre/le ov] its bosom at ,p\ghkeepsie4 ,he built at ,cairo1 at ,!bes1 & at ,memphis1 on ! ,mississippi1 & aga9 & aga9 & /ill aga9 at ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! ,ea/ ,riv] no long] halt$ him or compell$ him to resort to ! alt]native ( ! v exp5sive types ( susp5sion bridge4 ,he has f9ally ?r[n a great cantilev] ov] x1 f ,manhattan to ,long ,isl&4 ,! /eel bridge has come into its own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u /udy = a mom5t ! con/ruction ( ! diff]5t types ( railroad bridge4 ,= ! t9y creeks--! little ?+s t are mad torr5ts 9 spr+1 & run />k-dry 9 midsumm]--:]e !y _c be p\r$ ?r\gh a pipe or a concrete m\ld$ culv]t1 ! simple/ ( bridge =ms w suffice4 ,& ! simple/ ( bridge =ms consi/s ( two wood5 beams laid f abutm5t to abutm5t & hold+ ! ties & rails ( ! track-/ructure4 ,z ! fir/ developm5t ( t simple/ idea comes ! sub/itution ( /eel = wood1 giv+1 z we h already se51 protection aga9/ fire & a f> great] /r5g?4 ,! /eel beam has great] /r5g? ?an a wood5 beam ( ! same outside dim5sion & yet 9 its design x effects = itself a great sav+ ( mat]ial1 by cutt+ out sup]flu\s p>ts & becom+ ! /ructural /&>d ( to-day1 ! ,i beam4 ,:5 ! ,i beam becomes too l>ge to be made 9 a s+le p\r+ or a s+le roll+1 x may be con/ruct$ ( /eel plates & angles firmly rivet$ toge!r1 & ?us /ill rema9s ! possibility ( ! simple/ =m ( bridge4 ,t s+le span may be fur!r increas$1 or ! bridge develop$ into a succession ( increas$ spans by ! sub/itution ( ! lattice-"w gird]1 effect+ fur!r sav+ 9 weight )\t mat]ial loss ( /r5g? = ! solid-plate gird]4 ,! track may be laid atop ( su* gird]s or--to save cle>ance 9 ov]head cross+--swung betwe5 !m at _! bases4 ,! limit 9 ?is =m ( bridge is g5]ally 9 a #fe-;foot or a #ajj-;foot span4 ,x is n practical to build ! gird]s up outside ( a %op2 & ! #fe-;foot l5g? repres5ts ! two flat-c>s t mu/ be us$ to transport any "o ( !m to ! bridge location4 ,"s railroads h us$ ?ree c>s = ! haul+ ( a s+le gird]1 & s increas$ ^! spans to #ajj feet2 b z a rule1 ov] #fe feet1 & ! truss1 ! mo/ common =m ( railroad bridge 9 ?is c\ntry1 comes into use4 ,! truss is a di/9ct evolution f ^? old timb] bridges ( :i* we h already spok54 ,burr & ,latrobe & ,bollman & ,h[e & ,squire ,:ipple--^? di/+ui%$ eng9e]s ( o!r days--h evolv$ x1 /ep by /ep4 ,x is1 9 "o s5se1 no m ?an an enl>g$ =m ( lattice gird]1 ! "w ( ! diff]5t design]s hav+ be5 to accompli% at all times1 a maximum ( /r5g? ) a m9imum ( weight4 ,x is built ( memb]s t /& pull+-/ra91 & ^? t /& pressure-/ra92 & ^! are respectively kn[n z t5sion & z compression memb]s4 ,9 !m re/s ! real /r5g? ( ! truss4 ,b 9 addition to ! /ructure are ! brac+-rods1 g5]ally plac$ z diagonals & built to su/a9 ! /ructure aga9/ bo? lat]al & w9d-/ra9s4 ,! memb]s t =m ! trusses are /\tly rivet$ toge!r2 ! rapid rat-a-tap-tap ( ! rivet] is no long] a novelty 9 any corn] ( ! l&4 ,sometimes c]ta9 ( ! important be>+-po9ts are connect$ by /eel p9s in/ead ( rivets--ano!r survival ( ! old days ( ! timb] bridge4 ,z a rule1 ! railroad is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! truss--& ?is is kn[n z ! ?r\gh span4 ,sometimes x is c>ri$ ^u ! top ( ! /ructure1 & !n ! truss becomes kn[n z a deck span4 ,a long bridge may effectively comb9e bo? ( ^! types ( span4 ,! spl5did new d\ble-track truss bridge rec5tly built by ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad ov] ! ,susquehanna ,riv] betwe5 ,havre-de-,grace & ,aik51 ,md41 to replace a s+le-track bridge 9 ! same location1 is a spl5did example ( ! be/ type ( su* /ructures4 ,at ! po9t ( cross+1 ! riv] is divid$ into *annels by ,watson ,isl&2 ! wid? ( ! we/ *annel be+ approximately #b1fjj feet & t ( ! ea/ *annel be+ approximately #a1djj feet4 ,! di/ance across ! l[-ly+ isl& is #b1jjj feet--mak+ ! l5g? ( ! entire bridge ab\t #f1jjj feet4 ,! bridge1 z orig9ally con/ruct$ :5 ! l9e f ,baltimore to ,philadelphia 0 built1 9 #ahhf1 _h a /eel tre/le ov] ,watson ,isl&4 ,9 build+ ! new /ructure1 ?is viaduct 0 elim9at$ 9 favor ( a bridge /ructure ( #ij-;foot gird] spans1 plac$ ^u concrete pi]s4 ,additional pi]s 7 plac$ 9 ! we/ *annel1 %ort5+ ! deck spans f #dhj to #bdj feet2 ! ?r\gh span ov] ! ma9 *annel 0 kept at ! orig9al l5g?--#ebj feet4 ,9 ! ea/ *annel1 ! span l5g?s rema9$ un*ang$1 ) a s+le slight exception4 ,! *anges 9 ! span l5g?s involv$ new masonry1 & all pi]s 7 sunk to solid rock1 ^? 9 ! we/ *annel be+ c>ri$ by caissons to a dep? ( m ?an sev5ty feet b5ea? l[-wat]4 ,! total am\nt ( new masonry & concrete approximat$ #fb1jjj cubic y>ds4 ,! long span-l5g?s ( ! deck span ov] ! ea/ *annel & ! ?r\gh span ov] ! navigable portion ( ! we/ *annel--ea* #ebj feet 9 l5g?--occasion$ heavy con/ruction4 ,! deck span1 = in/ance1 weigh$ #ab1jjj p\nds to ea* foot ( bridge4 ,! total weight ( ?is v long bridge rea*es ! enorm\s figure ( #cb1jjj1jjj p\nds4 ,& yet1 ev5 ! unte*nical obs]ve ! extreme simplicity ( its l9es ( con/ruction1 & feel t ! eng9e]1 ,a4 ,w4 ,?ompson1 has done 8 "w well4 ,! con/ruction ( ! giant took two ye>s & a half4 ,dur+ t "t1 ! tra9s ( ! ,b4 ,o4 7 div]t$ to ! closely adjac5t ,p5nsylvania1 s t ! bridge-build]s might cont9ue ) a m9imum ( delay4 ,! truss span rea*es its limitations at a little ov] #ejj feet 9 l5g?--we h j se5 h[ ! ,susquehanna /ructure _h its spans cut 9 halves 9 ! non-navigable portions ( ! riv]4 ,! spans ( two great railroad bridges ov] ! ,ohio at ,c9c9nati rea*$ #eai & #eej feet1 b !y 7 built 9 a day :5 ! weights ( locomotives & ( tra9-loads _h n yet begun to rise4 ,n[adays ! %ort] span is ! saf] & by f> ! be/4 ,! eng9e] builds pl5ty ( mid/ream pi]s1 look+ out only = a dec5t wid? = any navigable *annels4 ,& :5 because ( peculi>ities ( location he _c place 8 pi] mid/ream1 !n x is "t = him to get out 8 p5cils & beg9 8 draw+s all ov] aga94 ,he c p]haps build a susp5sion bridge--a cle> span ( #a1ejj feet w be z no?+ to x1--b susp5sion bridges take a long "t to build & are fe>fully exp5sive 9 ! build+4 ,x is m ?an likely1 !n1 t he w turn to ! cantilev]4 ,9 ! cantilev]1 two giant trusses are cunn+ly balanc$ ^u /r+ support+ t[]s4 ,!y are con/ruct$ by be+ built out f ! t[]s1 ev5ly1 s t ! balance ( weight may nev] be lo/ = a s+le h\r4 ,! two project+ arms are f9ally caught toge!r 9 mid-air & ov] ! v c5tre ( ! span--caught & made fa/ by ! rivet]s4 ,! result is a bridge ( surpass+ /r5g? & fairly l[ co/1 a real triumph = ! bridge eng9e]4 ,! fir/ ( ^! cantilev] bridges built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ( iron4 ,x 0 design$ & con/ruct$ by ,c4 ,%al] ,smi? across ! deep gorge ( ! ,k5tucky ,riv] 9 #ahgf-gg4 ,mr4 ,smi? also built ! second cantilev]1 ! ,m9nehaha1 across ! ,mississippi1 at ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9n41 9 #ahgi-hj4 ,! ?ird & f\r? 7 ! ,niag>a & ! ,fraz] ,riv] bridges built 9 ! e>ly eighties4 ,9 _! trail came _m o!rs--"o ( ! mo/ notable among !m be+ ! great ,p\ghkeepsie ,bridge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we are go+ to see some?+ ( ! con/ruction ( "o ( ^! great railroad bridges4 ,let u beg9 at ! beg9n+1 & see ! m51 z !y "w ^u ! f\ndations ( abutm5ts & ( pi]s--_m times hundr$s ( feet "u ! wat]s ( ! v /ream t !y w ev5tually conqu]4 ,= mon?s ?is important "w ( gett+ a good foo?old = ! mon/] w g =? almo/ unse5 by ! workaday _w--by ! aid ( ! great timb] foot+s1 :i* ! eng9e] calls 8 caissons4 ,^! caissons 7!y are really no?+ m or less ?an great wood5 boxes71 are sl[ly sunk into ! s& or s(t rock "u ! trem5d\s weight ( ! _m c\rses ( masonry4 ,!y s9k to solid rock--or some?+ t closely approximates solid rock4 ,we are go+ d[n into "o ( ! caissons t =m ! foo?old ( a s+le great pi] ( a mod]n railroad bridge2 we are go+ to /& = a v few m9utes "u air-pressure ) ! s&-hogs--m5 :om we fir/ came to "k :5 we /udi$ ! bor+ ( a tunnel4 ,air pressure spells dang]4 ,x takes a good n]ve to "w high up on ! expos$ /eel frame ( "s gr[+ bridge1 b ! bridge-build]s h air & sunlight 9 :i* to pursue _! haz>d\s "w4 ,! s&-hog has nei!r4 ,he toils 9 a box d[n 9 ! dep?s ( ! unkn[n1 work+ ) pick & %ovel "u artificial light & "u a pressure t becomes all b intol]able4 ,! k t ! mo/ preci\s & vital ( all man's ne$s--fre% air--is controll$ by ano!r1 & ?r\gh delicate & intricate me*anism1 _c add to 8 peace ( m9d4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t x is ! highe/ paid ( all m]ely manual "w4 ,! s&-hog work+ #ej feet bel[ datum is paid #c4ej = an eight-h\r day4 ,b #ej feet is b ! beg9n+ to ^! human worms1 :o burr[ deep into ! e>?4 ,bel[ x !y fir/ beg9 to divide _! day into two work+ p]iods4 ,! air beg9s to c\nt1 & m5 ) /eel muscl$ arms mu/ re/4 ,z !y approa* #hj feet bel[ datum--! eng9e]s' phrase = sea level1--!y are work+ two p]iods ea* day ( "o h\r & a half apiece1 :ile _! daily pay has ris5 to #d4 ,!re is y\r r\gh ari?metical law ( s&-hogs4 ,z y\r caisson goes d[n s does ! l5g? ( y\r work+-day decrease2 inv]sely1 _! air pressures & ! pay ( ! m5 increase4 ,! co/8 ,! co/ leaps =w>d 9 geometrical progression4 ,x is ! own]'s turn to groan ?is "t4 ,"o hundr$ feet is ! limit4 ,at #ajj feet ! air pressure is m ?an #ej p\nds to ! squ>e in*--?ree additional atmosph]es--& ! limit ( human endurance is rea*$4 ,! m5 "w two %ifts ( =ty m9utes ea* z a daily portion & ! law /eps 9 to say t !y mu/ re/ f\r h\rs betwe5 ! %ifts4 ,!y are paid #d4ej = t day's "w--:i* means some?+ m ?an #d an h\r = ! "t t !y are actually at "w 9 ! caisson4 ,y h express$ y\r int]e/ 9 ! s&-hog1 giv5 v5t to a desire to g d[n into _! und]world4 ,y wond] :at ?ree pressures is go+ to feel l4 ,p]mission is giv5 & a physician beg9s exam9+ y4 ,y _c g into ! caisson unless y are s\nd ( he>t & /\t ( body4 ,?is is no jok+ matt]4 ,! s&-hogs' rules read l ! tra9+ in/ructions = a college football team4 ,no dr9k1 regul> h\rs1 simple diet1 ! donn+ ( heavy clo!s aft] !y leave ! pressure1 con/ant rexam9ation--^! rules are inflexible :5 ! caissons g to f> dep?s4 ,by _! obs]vance ! difficult f\ndation con/ruction ( ?is new bridge has be5 kept free f accid5t--!re h be5 few cases ( ! b5ds br\ght to ! specially con/ruct$ hospital 9 ! bottom ( ! cavity4 ,! b5ds s\nds complicat$1 & is1 9 reality1 almo/ ! simple/ ( human ailm5ts 9 its diagnosis4 ,a bubble ( high pressure air works its way into ! human /ructure :ile a man is 9 ! caisson4 ,:5 he comes out into ! normal atmosph]e ! bubble is caught & rema9s4 ,if x is caught ne> any vital organ t bubble is apt to spell dea?4 ,g5]ally ! bubbles are caught 9 ! jo9ts--frequ5tly ! elb[ or ! knee--:]e !y cause excruciat+ pa94 ,!n ! specially con/ruct$ hospital cr[d$ on ! n>r[ plat=m =m$ by ! top ( ! pi]1 comes into full play4 ,its sick room is incas$ 9 an air-tight cyl9d]4 ,! man suff]+ f ! b5ds1 toge!r ) physicians & nurses1 is put "u a pressure t gradually increases until x rea*es t ( ! caisson4 ,aft] t x is a comp>atively simple matt] to relieve ! bubble & br+ ! air 9 ! hospital back to a normal pressure4 ,! pa? is cle> = u to g d[n into ! caisson4 ,a p>ty ( s&-hogs1 hot & exhau/$ aft] =ty m9utes ( "w )91 come out ( ! little manhole at ! top ( ! air-lock4 ,we /ep ?r\gh ! little manhole & into a t9y /eel bucket t re/s )9 ! air-lock !re at ! top ( ! %aft4 ,a ^w ( comm&--f>ewell to ! bright blue sky ov]head--! black manhole cov] is replac$4 ,x is sudd5ly v d>k4 ,a s+le fa9t inc&esc5t gives a dim gl[ 9 ! t9y place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,concrete ,,af=ds ,,wond]ful ,,opportunities ,,= ,,! ,,bridge-,,build]s ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,lackawanna ,,is ,,build+ ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,concrete ,,bridge ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,,across ,,! ,,delaw>e ,,riv] ,,at ,,slate=d1 ,,pa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bridge-,,build] ,,lays ,,out ,,an ,,assembly+-,,y>d ,,= ,,ga!r+ ,,toge!r ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,p>ts ,,( ,,8 ,,new ,,con/ruction ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,br&yw9e ,,viaduct ,,( ,,! ,,baltimore ,,ohio1 ,,at ,,wilm+ton1 ,,del4 ,y are n ?9k+ ( t4 ,!y are putt+ ! pressure on4 ,y c feel x4 ,y\r e>drums feel z if !y w\ld break2 !y vibrate4 ,y mu/ %[ y\r di/ress4 ,p9* y\r nose & swall[ h>d1 says ! man :o /&s beside y 9 ! bucket4 ,he /&s s close to y t y c fairly feel ! pulsation ( 8 he>t1 b 8 voice s\nds miles away4 ,y swall[ h>d1 ! h>de/ y h ev] swall[$1 & y p9* y\r nose4 ,y feel bett]4 ,! f>-away voice speaks aga9 9 y\r e>4 ,?ree atmosph]es1 is all x says4 ,! caisson %aft is no place = ext5d$ conv]sation4 ,y desc5d 9 an express elevator c>2 9 t bucket y j drop4 ,y h all ! e]ie s5sations t a ,coney ,isl& novelty ride might give y4 ,!re is a r[ ( dim inc&esc5ts all ! way d[n ! smoo? side ( ! %aft1 & :5 y look y =get t ?is is v]tical traction & ?9k ( an upt[n subway tube z y see x rec$e f ! re> ( an express4 ,a f9al manhole1 ! gate at ! foot ( ! %aft & y /op abruptly4 ,x seems z if y _h almo/ bump$ aga9/ ! "u side ( ,*9a4 ,?is is x1 says ! f>-away voice4 ,a timb]$ room1 n l>g] ?an a p>lor 9 a city flat & n ne> s high4 ,a close & murky place1 fill$ ) a little company ( m5--%ad[y humans ( a real und]world !re "u ! dull electric gl[4 ,!y're f9d+ ! foot+ = ! %aft1 says ! voice4 ,we're on rock at la/ at #id feet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ! foot+s are f9i%$ & ! caisson's edges h ceas$ to cut its pa? /raight d[nw>d1 t timb]$ con/ruction w re/ "h f> bel[ ! city = long ages4 ,! s&-hogs w come out ( _! work+ *amb] = ! la/ "t--x w be p\r$ full ( concrete1 m solid ?an rock itself4 ,! air pressure w be )drawn--!re is no long] mud or %ift+ s& = x to )hold4 ,!n1 section by section1 ! /eel l9+ ( ! caisson %aft w be )drawn1 :ile concrete1 tramp$ into place1 makes ! %aft a hidd5 monoli? #ajj feet or s 9 l5g?4 ,^u ! tops ( all ^! monoli?s a close grillage ( /eel beams w be laid2 ^u t grillage w be rivet$ ! /eel plates & columns ( ! bridge t[]4 ,! great /ructure is to h sure foot+2 ^! giant feet b9d & clasp !mselves ?r\gh\t ! ye>s aga9/ ! mighty riv] t has be5 conqu]$ & humbl$ by ! "w ( man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y %\ld h be5 d[n 9 "o ( ! boxes :5 !y _h to burn tor*es1 be=e !y got ! electric light1 says "o ( ! bridge eng9e]s4 ,i work$ 9 "o ( ^? t we left "u a /one t[] ( ! ,brooklyn ,bridge4 ,n[ we're almo/ 9 clov]4 ,!y ev5 cool & dry ! compress$ air be=e we brea! x4 ,an ord] goes al(t ov] an electric wire1 ! eng9e] :o sits smok+ 8 pipe on ! sun-bak$ plat=m ( ! travell] d]rick pulls a lev]1 & we g slipp+ up ! %aft t[>d fre% air & fre$om only a little less rapidly ?an we desc5d$ x4 ,we d n rea* x too quickly4 ,!re is a long wait 9 ! air-lock aft] ! l[] manhole has clos$1 :ile ! pressure is be+ r$uc$4 ,y beg9 to worry & y ask y\r guide z to ! delay4 ,no?+ wrong8 ,he smiles at y\r timor\s "q & expla9s4 ,x w\ld be dang]\s to come out f ! caisson pressure quickly4 ,he does n want to h to s5d y to t air-tight hospital ) a bad case ( ! b5ds4 ,h[ long 9 ! air-lock8 y ask4 ,fifty m9utes1 he answ]s4 ,!n he expla9s 9 m detail4 ,y h be5 "u a pressure ( #ej p\nds to ! squ>e in*--t's y\r ?ree atmosph]es1 & "u ! rules y mu/ sp5d fifty m9utes 9 ! t9y air-lock4 ,up to a pressure ( #cf p\nds y mu/ sp5d two m9utes !re = e ?ree p\nds ( pressure4 ,:5 y get above t law ( #cf x is a m9ute to ! p\nd4 ,:5 t manhole cov] ov]head f9ally slides op5 y feel bl9d$ by ! light1 ev5 ?\gh ! sun is hidd5 beh9d a pass+ cl\d4 ,! air-lock t5d] rea*es d[n ) 8 arms & gives y a lift up onto 8 n>r[ p]*4 ,want to be a s&-hog8 he smiles4 ,n yet a :ile1 y answ]1 9 all tru?4 ,n until e o!r job is gone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y are /&+ al(t1 balanc+ y\rself ^u t9y planks at ! /eadily advanc+ end ( ! bridge1 z x =ces itself ov] a /ream ( =midable wid?4 ,ov]head1 a gigantic1 unga9ly travell]1 equipp$ ) /eel d]ricks at e corn]1 is advanc+ foot by foot z ! bridge advances foot by foot4 ,und]nea?1 ?r\gh ! ?9 network ( planks1 ( gird] & ( support+ false "w1 y c see ! surface ( ! riv] a full hundr$ feet bel[4 ,a /eamboat is pass+ directly b5ea? y4 ,f y\r p]* %e looks l a great yell[ bird4 ,^? f9e black specks ^u h] back are ! humans :o are ga!r$ ^u h] upp] deck4 ,:i/les call & ! d]ricks groan z !y sw+ ! ?\s&s ( bridge-memb]s1 t are fly+ toge!r at ! beck ( ! eng9e]1 into _! f9al re/+-places4 ,!re is ! deaf5+ racket ( ! rivet]s1 "h & !re & ev]y:]e4 ,!re are crude railroad tracks ^u ! tempor>y floor+ ( ! bridge deck1 & ! calls ( ! dummy locomotives add to ! racket4 ,! railroad tracks lead to ! %ore1 to tempor>y y>ds :]e ! bridge mat]ials are assembl$ z fa/ z !y come f ! %ops 9 a city ?ree hundr$ miles di/ant4 ,=1 rememb] t :ile ! s&-hogs 7 burr[+ "u ! surface ( ! riv] to f9d foo?olds = ?is mon/]1 o!r m5 7 burr[+ into ! hillsides to f9d ! preci\s ore = ! weld+ ( 8 muscles4 ,a hundr$ ?\s& picks mu/ h f\ght 9 8 behalf1 furnaces blaz$ = miles be=e ! crude ore became ! f9i%$1 p]fect /eel4 ,( ! =g+ & ! roll+ ( ! /eel a :ole book might be writt54 ,x is en\gh n[ to say t ( ! #ej1jjj1jjj p\nds ( /eel1 e p\nd 0 made on honor4 ,! railroad _h its inspectors ev]y:]e1 b ! roll+-mill m5 held to _! =mulas = p]fect /eel1 & p]fect /eel 0 ! result4 ,a slight flaw 9 ! metal1 & possibly at "s unexpect$ day1 a great cata/rophe4 ,! safety ( human life 0 ^u ! m5 :o =g$ ! /eel1 & !y =g$ honor into e great gird]1 into e rod & bolt & plate4 ,?is conqu]or ( ! riv] 0 a w>rior built 9 honor4 ,! safety ( human life dep5ds ^u ! m5 :o build ?is bridge4 ,/udy c>efully ! face ( ?is man :o /&s beside y1 ! man :o evolv$ ?is bridge z a season's "w ( 8 re/less m9d4 ,8 face is ! face ( a man :o has high reg>d = human safety2 t factor creeps to ! =e z he talks to y4 ,he is tell+ ( ! me?od ( con/ruct+ ! upp] works ( a bridge ( ?is size4 ,we're gett+ ahead all ! "t1 he laughs1 & we're mov+ r =w>d 9 our con/ruction me?ods4 ,9 an old] day we did ?is "w ) d]ricks ( a r simple sort1 op]at$ !m by small portable /eam eng9es4 ,y c't h&le bridge-memb]s--units t are only held d[n by ! cle>ances ( tunnels & ! transport+ p[]s ( ! railroads--t way to-day4 ,we've ne>ly half a million doll>s ti$ up "h 9 con/ruct+-appliances4 ,^! /eel-boom d]ricks1 travell]s1 & /eel-wire hoi/s1 ! compress+ eng9es = h&l+ ! rivet]s1 co/ big money4 ,our me?od8 ,t's a simple en\gh affair z a rule4 ,we set up ?is sp9dly t[] on rails1 t we call ! 'travell]' & x moves backw>ds & =w>ds ov] ! trusses & ! timb] falsework t we build be=e ! /eel really beg9s to be set up4 ,:5 ! /eel--! trusses--is up & rivet$1 !n away ) ! falsework4 ,our bridge /&s by itself4 ,y c put up a #ejj-;foot span 9 no "t at all by us+ ! falsework4 ,y make bold to ask :at ! eng9e] does :5 ! riv] is too deep to admit ( falsework4 ,he is quick to answ]4 ,we g5]ally fall back on a cantilev]1 he says1 )\t hesitation4 ,!n he beg9s to tell y ab\t "o ( ! late/ ( ,am]ican problems--! new bridge ( ! ,idaho ,wa%+ton ,nor!rn ,railroad1 j n[ be+ built ov] ! ,p5d ,oreille ,riv]1 ,wa%+ton4 ,!y c\ld span t n>r[ cleft only on ! cantilev] pr9ciple1 & :5 !y began to balance _! cantilev]1 !re 0 n en\gh room = ! back arm4 ,b ! eng9e]s only *ew$ (f fre% cig>s & began =c+ _! great span out mid-air4 ,!y made ! balance by plac+ #fjj tons ( /eel rails on ! back-arm4 ,= e foot ! span rea*$ out anew ov] a s-call$ bottomless !y add$ a few m rails4 ,y c g5]ally tru/ an eng9e] 9 su* a "t z t4 ,look closely n[ ^u ! workm5 :o are fabricat+ ?is giant bridge4 ,look closely ^u !m4 ,!y are diff]5t f ^? :om we saw toil+ 9 ! caissons bel[4 ,sc&9avians may & d toil z s&-hogs at ! bottom ( ! /ream2 ,li?uanians may m9e ! ore1 & ,hung>ians roll x into /eel2 ,am]icans build ^u _! toil & erect ?is bridge4 ,^! build]s speak no unfamili> tongue4 ,!y are ! product ( ,ohio1 ! ,middle ,we/1 ! ,s\?1 ! ,pacific ,coa/1 ,new ,engl&2 !y rise immeasurably sup]ior to e o!r class ( labor employ$ ^u ! "w4 ,"s ( !m h be5 sailors1 & _! talk has ! savor ( ! sea4 ,all ( !m are m51 cle>-head$1 cool-head$1 true-head$ m54 ,if y come ^u !m at ! noon-h\r1 sprawl$ along ! n>r[ l$ge ( a s+le plank y may be impress$ by two ?+s--_! ,am]icanism & _! cosmopolitanism4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is writ ^u ea* man z y look at him2 ! second is evid5t 9 talk ) him4 ,?is big fell[ mu/ h be5 a %]iff out 9 ,montana1 & he mu/ h be5 a %]iff = bad m5 to dodge2 8 neighbor is talk+ ab\t 8 la/ job1 a sky-high cantilev] d[n 9 ,p]u4 ,! two side-p>tn]s ov] by ! tool-box are j back f ,india4 ,am]ican bridge-build+ tal5t encircles ! _w4 ,"h is a boss :o got 8 fir/ tra9+ d[n on ! ,nile2 8 assi/ant has done "s mighty big "w on ! ,trans-,sib]ian4 ,^! are ! m5 :o are build+ ! bridge4 ,9 a little "t !re w be no advanc+ ends1 f9d+ _! pa? f pi]-top to pi]-top4 ,!re w be1 in/ead1 a long & sl5d] pa? = ! railroad2 ! bridgem5 w h done _! "w well2 a great riv] w h once aga9 be5 conqu]$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! bridge problem is always diff]5t1 x con/antly has ! fasc9ation ( v>iety4 ,t v>iety w come into play at unexpect$ turns4 ,once1 d[n 9 a deep ,colorado caon1 ^: walls rose precipit\sly = a ?\s&-odd feet1 & :i* 0 all b fill$ by a deep & rapid riv]1 ! eng9e]s ( ! ,rio ,gr&e ,we/]n f\nd absolutely no l$ge :atsoev] ^u :i* !y might re/ _! rails4 ,!y puzzl$ ^u ! problem = a little :ile1 & !n !y swung a gird] bridge p>allel ) ! riv]4 ,! bridge 0 support$ by brac$ gird]s1 t fa/5$ _! feet 9 ! walls ( ! caon1 h>dly wid] !re ?an a n>r[ city h\se4 ,! railroad has be5 runn+ ov] t con/ruction = m ?an ?irty ye>s2 x is "o ( ! sc5ic wond]s ( ! l&1 & a triumph = ! eng9e] t built x4 ,9 con/ruct+ ! exp5sive ,we/ ,%ore ,railroad up ! ,hudson ,riv]1 simil> difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ s\? ( ,we/ ,po9t1 & truss bridges 7 built p>allel ) ! /eep riv] banks to c>ry ! tracks f l$ge to l$ge4 ,x is n an unusual matt] = ! con/ruction eng9e] to sp5d a qu>t] ( a million doll>s to span "s deep1 wat]less gully 9 ! m\nta9s1 :i* c\ld n be fill$ = m ?an twice t sum4 ,_m times1 9 ^! days ( increas+ weight ( equipm5t1 x becomes necess>y to replace a bridge1 )\t int]rupt+ ! traffic4 ,! con/ruction eng9e] nev] fails to meet ! problem4 ,ye>s ago1 he took ,roebl+'s fam\s susp5sion bridge at ,niag>a ,falls1 remov$ ! /one t[]s & replac$ !m ) t[]s ( /eel1 )\t delay+ a s+le tra92 & a little lat] he took t bridge itself1 & sub/itut$ a heavy cantilev] = x1 :ile all ! "t a heavy traffic p\r$ itself ov] ! /ructure4 ,! rebuild] ( bridges works l ! orig9al build]--) pl5tiful falsework4 ,he timb]s 9 & ar\nd 8 /ructure1 & !n /ep by /ep & ) exce$+ caution removes ! old & sub/itutes ! new4 ,an old gird] is tak5 out betwe5 tra9s2 be=e ano!r tra9 ( c>s %all roll ov] ! /ructure a new "o is ready1 tempor>ily bolt$ until ! rivet]s c make x fa/4 ,x s\nds complicat$1 b x is rem>kably simple1 "u ! c>eful plans ( a pati5t eng9e]1 :o has t inf9ite ?+ t we call g5ius4 ,sometimes a bold eng9e] /rikes out into a new me?od1 quick] & less exp5sive ?an ^! piecemeal ef=ts4 ,( su* 0 ! job at ,/eub5ville1 ,o41 :]e a #bje-;foot d\ble-track span 0 erect$ on heavy falsework alongside ! old bridge4 ,9 a c>efully *os5 int]val betwe5 a s]vice ( frequ5t tra9s1 bo? ! old & ! new spans--toge!r weigh+ #a1cjj tons--7 fa/5$ toge!r & drawn sideways a di/ance ( tw5ty-five feet 9 "o m9ute & =ty seconds4 ,! new span 0 !n 9 place1 & ! old "o--ready to be dismantl$--/ood on falsework at ! side4 ,! entire job _h be5 accompli%$ 9 an int]val ( sev5te5 m9utes betwe5 tra9s4 ,t is n unusual4 ,! float+ me?od is sometimes adopt$ ) rem>kable success--especially 9 ! case ( draw-bridge spans4 ,!re ! problem complicates itself exce$+ly1 = bo? ! wat] & ! l& highways mu/ be kept op5 = traffic2 yet x is a matt] ( record t ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 op]at+ a fe>fully heavy suburban s]vice 9 & out ( ,j]sey ,city1 rec5tly sub/itut$ "o draw = ano!r on its ,hack5sack ,riv] ,bridge )\t delay+ a s+le tra94 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ev5 9 ?is high noon ( ! day ( /eel1 ! /one bridge holds its own4 ,! big *iefs ( railroad con/ruction look ^u x ) favor4 ,high] pric$ ?an a /eel bridge ( equal capacity x requires initial outlay4 ,b =ev] aft]1 x repres5ts a sav+--a sav+ *iefly 9 t v important figure1 ma9t5ance4 ,a /eel bridge requires con/ant att5tion & con/ant exp5se4 ,a /one bridge requires little ( ei!r2 & !re9 lies its /r5g? 9 its old age4 ,eng9e]s po9t to su* /ructures z ! ,?omas ,viaduct d[n at ,relay1 or to ! wond]ful /one bridges t h /ood ?r\gh ! c5turies 9 old] l&s2 !y be> 9 m9d ! con/ant battle t a /eel bridge mu/ make aga9/ ! ravages ( wea!r & aga9/ ! s9i/] !fts ( corrosion1 & (ttimes !y rule 9 favor ( ! olde/ type ( sizable bridge4 ,two ?+s are all-important 9 ! *oice betwe5 ! /eel bridge & ! ar* bridge ( /one or concrete4 ,! fir/ is ! accessibility ( ! qu>ries4 ,if !y are n v ne> ! solid bridge w co/ f\r times t ( "o ( /eel & ! av]age ,am]ican railroad is n able to sp5d money 9 t fa%ion1 ev5 9 ! hopes ( future economies 9 ma9t5ance4 ,if ! qu>ries are close at h&1 z !y 7 ye>s ago :5 ,kirkwood built ! ,/>ucca ,viaduct = ! ,erie1 ! co/ ( a masonry bridge w h>dly exce$ t ( /eel trusses1 & ! concrete /ructure may co/ a little less4 ,!n !re comes into play ! second consid]ation4 ,! /one or concrete bridge has trem5d\s weight1 no ord9>y f\ndation "w w s]ve x4 ,if ! riv] b$ & banks be ( s& or poor e>?1 ! eng9e] _h be/ give up 8 hopes ( ! ,roman =m ( /ructure4 ,he c build /eel t[]s & trusses on piles ( caissons--h>dly solid /one pi]s & abutm5ts & aides4 ,all ^! ?+s consid]$1 ! /one bridge is /ill m ?an hold+ its own 9 mod]n railroad con/ruction4 ,! ,bo/on ,albany ,railroad began build+ ^! spl5didly p]man5t /ructures along its l9es ?r\gh ! ,b]k%ires m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,m rec5tly bo? ! ,p5nsylvania & ! ,baltimore ,ohio h be5 look+ ) favor ^u ?is type ( bridge4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio has j f9i%$ build+ its massive ,br&yw9e ,viaduct1 ne> ,wilm+ton1 a spl5did d\ble-track /ructure1 #gfd feet 9 l5g?1 & compos$ ( two #hj-;foot1 two #ij-;foot1 & ?ree #ajj-;foot ar*es4 ,! ?ree great /one bridges t ! ,p5nsylvania has built ^u its ma9 l9e are all f\r-track$4 ,two spl5did examples ( ^! span ! ,r>itan ,riv] at ,new ,brunswick1 & ! ,delaw>e at ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,! ?ird1 spann+ ! ,susquehanna at ,rockville1 ,pa41 j nor? ( ,h>risburg1 is ! l>ge/ /one bridge 9 ! _w4 ,x is ov] a mile 9 l5g?1 & is compos$ ( #dh ar*es2 #bbj1jjj tons ( masonry 0 employ$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,concrete viaducts 7 fir/ employ$ 9 int]urban electric railroad con/ruction1 & latt]ly !y h be5 br\ght m to ! s]vice ( ! /eam railroad4 ,a spl5did example ( ?is v new =m ( con/ruction exi/s 9 ! ext5sion ( ! ,florida ,ea/ ,coa/ ,railroad ov] ! keys & %all[ wat]s ( ,s\!rn ,florida1 = sev5ty-five miles betwe5 ,home/ead & ,key ,we/4 ,a consid]able portion ( ! l9e is ov] ! sea4 ,! ,florida keys are l a s]ies ( /epp+-/ones1 lead+ into ! ocean f ! tip ( ! p59sula to ,key ,we/4 ,!y lie 9 ! =m ( a curve1 ! *annels sep>at+ ! isl&s v>y+ f a few hundr$ feet to sev]al miles 9 wid?4 ,ne>ly ?irty ( ^! isl&s 7 us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! new railroad4 ,m ?an fifty miles ( rock & e>!n embankm5t h be5 built :]e ! int]v5+ wat]s are %all[1 b :]e ! wat] is deep] & ! op5+s are expos$ to /orms by breaks 9 ! out] reef1 concrete ar* viaducts h be5 us$4 ,^! viaducts consi/ ( #ej-;foot re9=c$ concrete ar* spans & pi]s1 ) "h & !re a #fj-;foot span4 ,!re are f\r ( ^! ar* viaducts aggregat+ #e4gh miles 9 l5g?4 ,! longe/ is betwe5 ,long ,key & ,grassy ,key1 #b4g miles1 & is call$ ! ,long ,key ,viaduct2 across ,knight's ,key ,*annel1 #g1cjj feet2 across ,mos]'s ,*annel1 #g1hjj feet1 & across ,bahia ,honda ,*annel1 #d1iej feet4 ,! mat]ial ( ^! isl&s is corall9e lime/one4 ,9 _m places ! embankm5t = ! roadway is #h or #i feet 9 height1 & ! roadb$ is balla/$ ) ! same mat]ial4 ,! result is "o ( ! f9e/ & safe/ railway roadb$s 9 ! _w4 ,across ! ,delaw>e ,riv] at ,slate=d1 ,pa41 ! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna ,we/]n ,railroad is build+ ! l>ge/ concrete bridge 9 ! _w1 a few feet long] ?an ! great /ructure by :i* ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral crosses ! ,big ,muddy ,riv] & j #ajj feet long] ?an ! ,connecticut ,av5ue ,bridge1 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,! ,lackawanna's bridge is #a1dej feet long1 ) five ar*es ( #aej-;foot span1 & a numb] ( %ort] ar*es4 ,! track is c>ri$ at an elevation ( #ge feet above highwat]2 & to f9d liv+-rock z a solid f\ndation = a /ructure ( s great a weight1 ! abutm5ts & pi]s 7 c>ri$ ab\t #fa feet bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) ! bridge-build] at 8 elb[1 ! railroad con/ruct+ eng9e] hesitates at no riv]1 no arm ( ! sea1 no deep valley1 no wild rav9e1 no cleft 9 ! m\nta9-side4 ,he calls to 8 aid ! magic ( ! m5 :o h made ?is bran* ( ,am]ican practical sci5ce fam\s3 a fea!ry tre/le appe>s1 z if by magic4 ,across its n>r[ edge ! /eel rails foll[ _! resi/less pa?4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,pass5g] ,,/ations ,,e>ly ,,tra9s ,,= ,,suburbanites--,,importance ,,( ,,! ,,t[]man--,,automatic ,,swit* ,,sy/ems--,,! ,,int]lock+ ,,ma*9e--,,capacities ,,( ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,pass5g] ,,t]m9als--,,room ,,= ,,locomotives1 ,,c>-,,/orage1 ,,etc4--,,/or+ ,,& ,,clean+ ,,c>s--,,! ,,conc\rse--,,wait+-,,rooms--,,baggage ,,accommodations--,,heat+--,,great ,,developm5t ,,( ,,pass5g] ,,/ations--,,"s ,,notable ,,/ations ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,! railroad t]m9al is ! city gate4 ,)\t1 x rises 9 ! sup]ior arrogance ( :ite granite1 z an ar*itectural some?+4 ,x has broad portals1 & ?r\gh ^! portals a ho/ ( folk bo? come & g4 ,)91 ?is city gate is a ?+ ( /up5d\s ap>tm5ts & monum5tal dim5sions1 a ?+ n to be grasp$ 9 a mom5t4 ,9 a s+le great ap>tm5t--a vault$ room s great z to h its dim5sions run into di/ant vi/as--are ! /eam c>avans t come & g4 ,x is a busy place1 a place ( an inf9ite v>iety ( bus9ess4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! e>ly morn+ ! tra9-%$ gives ! fir/ sign ( ! new-born day4 ,be=e ! dawn is well ^u ! city1 ! great arcs t run into ^? di/ant vi/as 9 wond]ful symmetry are hiss+ & alight1 & ! fir/ ( #ejj incom+ tra9s is f9d+ its way into ! gloom ( ! %$4 ,"s few tra9s h />t$ out ) ! e>ly mails & ! morn+ pap]s4 ,! great ru% into t[n is yet to beg94 ,ev5 be=e dawn1 a ?\s& little homes )\t ! city h be5 awake & fretful4 ,! gray fogs ( ! night lie l[1 & lights beg9 to tw9kle1 l9es ( %uffl+ figures to f9d _! way to ! ne>e/ suburban /ation4 ,x is v e>ly morn+ :5 ^! beg9 to pass ?r\gh ! city gate4 ,! e>lie/ suburban tra9s slip 9 f ! y>ds & come to a sl[1 gr9d+ /op b5ea? ! %$4 ,be=e ! :eels h ceas$ turn+1 ! fir/ ( ! work]s is (f ! c>s & runn+ d[n ! plat=m4 ,9 fifte5 seconds1 ! plat=m is black ) m54 ,!re are _m m ( ^! tra9s1 a great multiplication ( m5 )9 a little "t4 ,be=e sev5 o'clock1 ! tra9s beg9 to increase2 to foll[ m & m closely ^u "o ano!r's heels4 ,aft] sev51 !y come /ill (t5]2 two or ?ree ( !m may /op simultane\sly on diff]5t tracks "u ! great vault ( ! %$2 !y are heavy ) p4 ,!re is a con/ant clatt] ( eng9es1 /amp+ & puff+1 dragg+ _! heavily lad5 tra9s & snapp+ !m quickly out ( ! way ( o!rs to foll[4 ,! electric lights "u ! %$ g out ) a prote/+ sputt]1 & y realize t ! day is at h&4 ,?is mighty army ( ^? :o live )\t ! city walls is flock+ 91 9 an unceas+ curr5t n[4 ,!re is an endless procession f ! track plat=ms2 a /ream ( humans f9d+ its way to ! day's "w4 ,d y want figures s t y may see ! might ( ?is army8 ,b+hamton1 ,n4 ,y41 is a city2 a little less ?an fifty ?\s& p]sons live !re4 ,if ! :ole population ( ,b+hamton--e man1 woman1 & *ild--7 p\r$ ?r\gh ! portals ( ?is t]m9al on any "o ( six morn+s ( ! week1 x w\ld be ab\t equal to ?is suburban traffic4 ,9 a s+le h\r--f sev5 to eight--#de tra9s h arriv$ "u ! ro( ( ?is %$ & dis*>g$ _! human freight2 9 ! foll[+ h\r1 #fd tra9s empty ano!r great brigade ( ! army f )\t ! city walls4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! city gate is inde$ a busy place4 ,its conc\rse or head plat=m e*oes all day long ) ! un5d+ tread ( %uffl+ feet2 beyond ! f5ce1 ) its bullet9s & ticket-exam9]s1 is ! vault ( ! tra9-%$1 a ?+ ( great %ad[s1 ev5 9 midday4 ,its e*oes are also un5d+4 ,!re seems to be no end ( pu%+ & %ov+ & haul+ among ! eng9es2 !re mu/ be an inf9ite /ock ( tra9s some:]e )\t4 ,! human /ream fl[s all ! :ile4 ,! m>vel ( all ?is is t ! t]m9al1 :i* seems s intricate1 s baffl+1 is "u ! control ( "o man--a man to :om x is z simple z ! t5 f+]s ( 8 h&s4 ,?is man is keep] ( ! city gate4 ,8 wat*-h\se is situat$ j )\t ! big & squatty tra9-%$4 ,x is long & n>r[1 glass-l9$ & sun-fill$4 ,?r\gh its w9d[s he keeps track ( ^? :o come & g4 ,!re's ,second ,sev5te51 ) !m s*ool tea*]s com+ back f ! conv5tion out at ,kansas ,city4 ,put h] 9 on ,tw5ty-"o s's to give ! baggage folks a *ance4 ,!m wom5 travel ) lots ( duds4 ,^! are ord]s to 8 assi/ants & ord]s 9 t wat* t[] are r>ely repeat$4 ,! assi/ants are 9 %irt-sleeves l _! *ief1 = ! sun-fill$ t[] is broil+ hot4 ,!y nod to "o ano!r1 click small lev]s1 & ,second ,sev5te5--a long tra9 ( sleep+-c>s com+ into ! city 9 ! hot moi/ure ( ! e>ly ,june morn+--is s5t easily & c>efully 9 ^u track ,tw5ty-"o 9 ! tra9-%$ ( ! t]m9al4 ,!re y h ! explanation ( t ord] t 0 mean+less to y b a mom5t ago4 ,track ,tw5ty-"o is ne>e/ ! 9-baggage room ( ! /ation4 ,) two c>s1 pil$ ro(-high ) heavy trunks1 ! ?\ghtfulness ( ! t[]man 9 s5d+ ! special ^u track ,tw5ty-"o w be appreciat$ by ! baggage h&l]s4 ,a va/ am\nt ( manual labor w be sav$2 & t c\nts1 ev5 ^u a cool day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,nor?we/]n',s ,,monum5tal ,,new ,,t]m9al ,,on ,,! ,,we/ ,,side ,,( ,,*icago ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,union ,,/ation ,,at ,,wa%+ton ,?is keep] ( ! city gate repres5ts ! survival ( ! fitte/1 ! v cream ( 8 pr(ession4 ,! *ances are t he began 8 railroad+ (f 9 "s lonely way /ation on a bran* l9e1 develop$ qualities t br\ght him to ! quick & favorable att5tion ( 8 *iefs1 !n advanc$ /eadily along ! rapid l9es ( promotion t railroad+ holds = "s m54 ,he is "o ( ?ree m51 :o1 = c]ta9 h\rs1 hold ! keep+ ( ! complicat$ city gate )9 _! own well-drill$ m9ds4 ,! t[] is ! m9d1 ! bra9 c5tre1 ! ganglion1 ( t city gate2 b ! t[] is only wondr\sly me*anical1 aft] all2 ! m9d ( ! c>eful t[]man is ! m9d t controls all ! me*anism4 ,to ! av]age travell]1 ! city gate is a ?+ t impresses itself ^u 8 m9d by its ext]ior & int]ior beauty1 or its conv5i5ce ( arrangem5t4 ,he notes ! broad conc\rses1 ! ample entrances & exits1 ! compell+ magnific5ce ( ! public rooms1 ! great sweep ( ! tra9-%$ ro(1 b beyond t tra9-%$ ro( is a tangle ( tracks & signals ab\t :i* he does n worry 8 busy head4 ,^? tracks & signals repres5t m truly ! /ation ?an ! m]e ar*itectural magnific5ce ( its out] %ell4 ,!y are a tangle & a maze1 app>5tly1 b a tangle & maze t mu/ repres5t skill & ease 9 _! trem5d\s op]ation4 ,!y are nei!r tangle nor maze to ! %irt-sleev$ m5 9 ! t[]4 ,!y mu/ "k ea* track1 ea* swit*-po9t1 ea* signal z intimately & famili>ly z !y "k ! f+]s ( _! h&s4 ,e me*anical device is employ$ to simplify ! tangle = ! com=t ( ! busy m9ds t mu/ con/antly employ !mselves 9 solv+ x4 ,9 ! big wat*-t[]--! control ( ! t]m9al--!re is a map t is m ?an map4 ,x depicts 9 m9iature all ! tracks & swit*es & signals t lie )\t & r\ndab\t ! t[]2 b ?is map %[s swit*es & signals *ang+ z ! swit*es & signals ( ! tra9-y>d *ange4 ,x br+s ! di/ant corn]s ( ! t]m9al 9 clos] t\* ) ! t[]m54 ,9 fog or bl9d+ /orm1 ?is track model is invaluable--a v]itable compass set )9 ! bra9 ( ! t]m9al4 ,?is illum9at$ map sets ^u ! be/ piece ( me*anism t has yet be5 devis$ = ! op]ation ( ! t]m9al y>d4 ,x is a long box$ affair1 n entirely unlike ! box ( ! old-fa%ion$ squ>e piano1 b 9 ?is case 7! t]m9al we are wat*+ be+ ( unusual capacity7 m ?an ?irty feet 9 l5g?4 ,?is box is ! v bra9s ( ! t]m9al4 ,x repres5ts ! acme ( me*anical cond5sation4 ,r$uc$ to its e>lie/ & simple/ equival5t--! sep>ate h& op]ation ( a gigantic clu/] ( swit*es 9 a great t]m9al y>d--x w\ld cov] a va/ area & result 9 ! employm5t ( an army ( swit*m54 ,c>elessness on ! "p ( any "o memb] ( ?is army might cause a s]i\s accid5t4 ,! m>g9 ( safety w\ld be v l[ 9 su* a case4 ,! fir/ s*emes ( automatic swit* sy/ems elim9at$ ! necessity ( employ+ an army ( swit*m54 ,a clu/] ( lev]s1 9 a t[] ( comm&+ location1 0 connect$ by /eel rods ) ! swit*es & ! signals :i* protect$ !m4 ,a man 9 ! t[] op]at$ ?is gr\p ( lev]s4 ,9 ?is way1 ! control ( ! y>d 0 simplifi$1 & responsibility 0 plac$ ^u a bett] paid & bett] tra9$ man ?an ! av]age h& swit*man4 ,! m>g9 ( safety 0 consid]ably broad5$4 ,!n came an am5dm5t to t fir/ sy/em4 ,"s g5ius ( a me*anic built an int]lock+ swit* ma*9e1 a ?+ ( cogs & clut*es1 by :i* a collision 9 a railroad y>d became almo/ a physical impossibility4 ,9 ^! me*anical int]lock+ devices ! t[] lev]s are s controll$1 "o by ano!r1 t signals _c be giv5 = tra9s to proce$ until all swit*es 9 ! r\te gov]n$ are fir/ prop]ly set & lock$2 & conv]sely1 s t ! swit*es ( a r\te gov]n$ by signal _c be mov$ dur+ ! display ( a signal giv+ ! "r ( way ov] !m4 ,by in/allation ( ! int]lock+1 "s ( ! responsibility is tak5 by me*anical device f human bra9 & ! m>g9 ( safety broad5$ /ill fur!r4 ,?is piano box repres5ts /ill fur!r cond5sation ( ! swit* & signal control & int]lock+ devices4 ,! m5 :o design$ ?is p>ticul> city gate design$ x to accommodate m ?an a ?\s& outgo+ & incom+ pass5g] tra9s ea* tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 !y _h f\nd t ! cond5sations giv5 by e>li] sy/ems 7 n suffici5t = _! purpose4 ,aft] br++ sev]al swit*es1 design$ to act 9 conc]t1 ^u a s+le lev]1 !y f\nd t !y w\ld h a r[ ( #cfj lev]s4 ,set closely toge!r ^! w\ld require a t[] ab\t #afj feet long4 ,x is r\ghly figur$ t x is n desirable to assign m ?an tw5ty ( ^! heavy lev]s to a s+le t[]man & t meant eighte5 m51 work+ at a %ift4 ,moreov]1 ! ?r[+ ( a heavy swit* half a mile di/ant f ! t[] is n a slight manual ex]cise4 ,!n ! piano box--electro-pneumatic--0 in/all$2 #aej feet ( lev]s 0 r$uc$ to #cj feet ( small h&les h>dly l>g] ?an faucet h&les & q z easily turn$4 ,! control ( a great t]m9al 0 br\ght d[n to ?ree t[]m51 act+ "u ! direction ( _! *ief1 ! %irt-sleev$ keep] ( ! city gate4 ,we've got to keep !m hu/l+1 he tells y4 ,!re's ! morn+ express 9 f ,new ,york4 ,%e's heavy ?is morn+4 ,t tra9 ov] !re1 com+ across ! sw+-bridge1 is ! millionaire's special4 ,%e's all club-c>s1 comes 9 e morn9' f ! seaside4 ,h] :eels'll /op on ! same nick z ! express4 ,wat* !m bo?1 c>efully4 ,isn't x q a trick h&l+ ^? tra9s simultane\sly8 ,n mu*1 a smile fix$ itself ^u ! *ief t[]man's features1 z he f+]$ 8 greasy timetable4 ,"h's f\r tra9s pull+ out "h simultane\sly at #e3dj4 ,on top ( t we get a ,=e/ ,hills local 9 at #e3ci1 a ,hudson ,upp] local at #e3dj1 an ,ogontz at #e3db1 a ,readville at #e3dc1 all incom+1 & pull out two m at #e3dc4 ,t5 tra9s 9 j f\r m9utes isn't bad1 & we hav5't begun to feel ! capacity ( ?is t]m9al yet4 ,t isn't all ( x4 ,we get ! :ole ?+ criss-cross$ on u sometimes2 & p]haps !y'll put on an extra gett+ out ( "h at #e3dj1 & t'll bo!r u a little1 = we h regul> tracks assign$ = all our s*$ul$ tra9s4 ,if !y don't run 9 ! extras on u1 or we don't get a breakd[n any:]e1 x's pretty pla9 sail+4 ,r+ (f y\r #aj3aj1 ,jimmy4 ,jimmy1 ! assi/ant at ! f> end ( ! t[]1 t\*$ "o ( ! little h&les1 a blade on a signal bridge opposite ! end ( ! tra9-%$ dropp$1 a big locomotive caught ! rails in/antly & cauti\sly l$ a long tra9 ( heavy c>s out ?r\gh ! intricacy ( tracks & swit*es until x 0 pa/ ! t[]1 ov] ! ?roat ( ! y>d1 &1 /rik+ on ! ma9 l9e1 0 ga9+ spe$ once m4 ,x's z easy = him z unbrok5 rail (f 9 ! c\ntry1 said ! *ief t[]man to me1 z he wav$ salutation at ! eng9e] pass+ bel[ him4 ,!n he fell into a detail$ & wondr\s explanation ( ! intricacies ( ! piano-box me*anism4 ,on ! l[] floor ( ! t[] 7 air cond5s]s1 & ?r\gh ! m$ium ( electricity & compress$ air heavy swit*es & signals a half-mile (f are work$ almo/ by f+] t\*4 ,ea* swit* is gu>d$ by at lea/ "o signal1 possibly two--home & di/ant--& ^! blades %[ an op5 or a clos$ pa? to ! eng9e]4 ,!y are s arrang$ t normally !y /& at dang] & 9 case ( breakd[n !y return by gravity to dang]4 ,at night ! blades1 :i* 9 v>i\s positions %[ safety & dang] & caution1 are replac$ by lights--r$ = dang]1 yell[ = caution1 gre5 = safety--accord+ to ! pres5t /&>d rules4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is physiology ( ! pass5g] t]m9al has dwelt s f> ^u its bra9 & its n]ve /ructure2 ! anatomy is h>dly less int]e/+4 ,almo/ e great pass5g] t]m9al 9 ,am]ica is built ^u ! head-h\se plan4 ,9 ?is s*eme tra9s arrive & dep>t ^u a s]ies ( p>allel tracks t]m9at+ )9 "s sort ( tra9-%$4 ,x is ! ideal s*eme f ! /&po9t ( ! pass5g]1 = no /airs or bridges or subways are necess>y to rea* any track4 ,! tracks are g5]ally laid 9 pairs1 & betwe5 ea* pair a broad plat=m is built1 :i* is 9 reality a long-arm$ ext5sion ( a common di/ribut+ plat=m or conc\rse ext5d+ across ! head ( ! tracks4 ,sometimes ^! ext5sion plat=ms are laid on bo? sides ( a s+le track = great] facility 9 h&l+ baggage & = ! quick unload+ ( heavy tra9s4 ,b 9 case any numb] ( tra9s are to be op]at$ ?r\gh ! t]m9al1 ! head-h\se s*eme becomes impracticable & an abom9ation to ! op]at+ dep>tm5t4 ,x makes necess>y all mann] ( back+ & turn+ tra9s & a trem5d\s am\nt ( en]gy & "t is sp5t 9 s do+4 ,s we f9d ! head-h\se /ations--! real t]m9als ( ,am]ica--= ! mo/ "p along ! seabo>d or at ! t]m9ation ( really important railroad r\tes4 ,!y are an exp5sive luxury at any o!r po9t4 ,at ! out] end ( ! tra9-%$1 its tracks beg9 to conv]ge4 ,!y are 9 r\gh simil>ity to ! /icks ( an op5 fan & at ! h&le !y are r$uc$ to any:]e f two to eight ma9 tracks1 ! connections ) ! ?r\gh tracks t s]ve ! /ation4 ,! po9t ( conv]g5ce is kn[n to ! t[]man & all ! o!r work]s z ! ?roat ( ! y>d4 ,x is by f> ! mo/ important po9t ( ! t]m9al1 & is ! usual location ( ! control t[]1 ) its au?ority ov] sev]al hundr$ swit*es & signals4 ,^u ! numb] ( ma9 tracks 9 ?is ?roat dep5ds ! capacity ( ! t]m9al1 q z mu* z ! numb] ( tracks 9 ! tra9-%$ or ! size ( any o!r ( its facilities4 ,if !re are z _m z eight tracks 9 ?is ?roat--an unusual numb]--! signals & swit*es w probably be arrang$ s t 9 ! morn+ five tracks may be us$ = ! ru% ( incom+ bus9ess1 & ?ree tracks = outgo+ bus9ess1 :ile 9 ! late aft]noon conditions are exactly rev]s$1 five tracks be+ us$ = hurry+ ! suburbanites homew>d1 ?ree = ! less] bus9ess incom+ to ! t]m9al4 ,) f\r tracks 9 ! ?roat--a usual numb]--?ree may be us$ 9 ! direction ( ! volume ( greate/ bus9ess4 ,ea* ( ^! tracks is l a sep>ate entrance to ! t]m9al1 & :5 five are op5 f ! tra9-%$ simultane\sly1 z 9 ?is fir/ case1 five outgo+ tra9s may be />t$ simultane\sly f z _m tracks4 ,9 ?is connection1 a comp>ative table ( ! capacity ( sev]al ( ! l>ge/ ,am]ican pass5g] t]m9als may n be )\t int]e/3 ,approa* ,/ation ,tracks ,tracks ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia #d #af ,m>ket ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia #d #ac ,nor? ,/ation1 ,bo/on #h #bd ,s\? ,/ation1 ,bo/on #h #bh ,union ,/ation1 ,/4 ,l\is #f #cb ,union ,/ation1 ,wa%+ton #f #cc ,nor?we/]n ,/ation1 ,*icago #f #af ,lackawanna ,t]m9al1 ,hobok5 #d #ad ,p5nsylvania ,/ation1 ,new ,york #b #ba ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation1 ,new ,york #d #cb ,b ! approa* & tra9-%$ tracks are only a "p ( ! y>ds t are necess>y at e l>ge pass5g] t]m9al4 ,c]ta9 provisions are necess>y = mail & express s]vice 7freight ( e sort is h&l$ z f> z possible 9 sep>ate y>ds & t]m9als71 & ext5sive provision = ! /orage & c>e ( c>s & motive p[]4 ,9 ! la/ case1 x becomes advisable to h ! r\ndh\se1 or r\ndh\ses1 = locomotive /orage )9 %ort /rik+ di/ance ( ! t]m9al /ation4 ,^! are va/ /ructures1 _! v =m requir+ l>ge tracts ( l&4 ,! ,am]ican plan ( radiat+ eng9e-/orage tracks f a common c5tre1 occupi$ by a turntable1 has nev] prevail$ 9 ,engl&4 ,"s few attempts h be5 made 9 ?is c\ntry to build p>allel /orage tracks1 ) ! transf] table = an op]at+ arm1 b almo/ e attempt ( ?is sort has be5 induc$ by a necessity = unusual economy 9 l&-space4 ,we %all ne$ ! turntables z long z we cont9ue to use /eam z a motive p[]1 & ! e>ly me?od ( gr\p+ /orage tracks & radii f ! table has nev] lo/ its favor ) op]at+ (fic]s4 ,a full-size r\ndh\se1 ) a diamet] approximat+ #cjj feet1 has z its necess>y accessories1 facilities = coal+ ! locomotives--sev]al at a "t--z well z supply+ !m ) wat]1 s&1 & o!r necessities4 ,possibly ! t]m9al w be big en\gh to dem& %op facilities = trifl+ repairs & ma9t5ance ( bo? c>s & motive p[]4 ,a big pass5g] t]m9al is a mu* bigg] ?+ ?an t gaudy wait+-room 9 :i* y sit1 :il/ y\r tra9 is be+ made ready to take y out f ! city4 ,great z ! room assign$ to locomotives1 great] mu/ be y>d-room = c>-/orage1 9 r\gh proportions1 z ! l5g? ( ! locomotive to ! av]age tra9 l5g?4 ,x takes some?+ approa*+ a g5ius to lay out ! c>-y>ds1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( pass5g] t]m9als1 :i* are almo/ inv>iably 9 ! he>t ( great cities :]e l& values are fabul\sly high4 ,^! y>ds1 9 ord] to e>n ! appreciation ( ! m5 :o mu/ op]ate !m1 mu/ be easy ( access & be ( suffici5t size to meet ! heavy dem&s t are to be put ^u !m4 ,to appreciate !m1 let u consid] !m 9 daily use4 ,! heavy express :i* has dis*>g$ its baggage & pass5g]s 9 ! tra9-%$ is haul$ out to ! y>ds by "o ( ! /urdy little swit*-eng9es t are et]nally pok+ _! way ab\t ! y>ds4 ,! eng9e t has pull$ x 9 f ! road backs itself d[n to ! r\ndh\se1 )\t ano!r ?\ght ( ! tra94 ,its responsibility end$ z soon z ! run end$ 9 ! tra9-%$4 ,! eng9e] simply has to see t 8 locomotive is c>efully put away 9 ! r\ndh\se2 &1 on "s roads1 t 8 fireman cleans its upp] p>ts be=e ! next run out ^u ! l9e4 ,! r\ndh\se crew is !n suppos$ to take c>e ( ! re/ ( ! eng9e4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! /\t little swit*+-eng9e has haul$ ! c>s out to ! y>ds1 sep>at+ ! ,pullman equipm5t & plac+ day-coa*es1 baggage c>s1 & ! l 9 a position by !mselves4 ,an ef=t is made to keep ! equipm5t = ! heavy ?r\gh tra9s res]v$1 all[ance be+ made = occasional *anges = repair & ma9t5ance4 ,9 ! case ( ! local & suburban tra9s1 _! v>y+ traffic requires v>y+ l5g?s2 & x is possible t two or ?ree ( ! tra9-%$ tracks conta9 a supply ( extra coa*es 9 ord] t em]g5cies ( sudd5 & unexpect$ traffic may be met4 ,! y>ds mu/ af=d full facilities = /or+ & clean+ c>s4 ,?is la/ is a ?or\gh op]ation1 compress$ air be+ us$ 9 _m cases & to great advantage4 ,)91 seats are ?or\ghly du/$1 floors swept1 woodwork wip$1 :ile ! railroad's pride 9 ! out] appe>ance ( its equipm5t is %[n by ! scrupul\s c>e ) :i* a small army ( clean]s1 ladd]s 9 h&1 wa% d[n ! v>ni%$ sides ( ! coa*es4 ,9 addition1 bo? coa*es & ,pullmans mu/ be /ock$ ) l95 & ice-wat]1 light+ tanks fill$ & trucks inspect$ :ile 9 /orage y>ds4 ,mo/ elaborate provisions are made = ! /ock+ ( d9+ & buffet c>s4 ,?r\gh equipm5t w re/ 9 ! y>ds f six to tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 z an av]age4 ,! local & suburban tra9s h a programme ( _! own1 slightly diff]5t4 ,! eng9e t is to make ! run w get its tra9 9 ! fir/ place f ! /orage y>d4 ,x is only a big express run1 :]e ! locomotive is privileg$ to back into ! /ation1 to f9d its tra9 made ready !re = x by "s fag ( a swit*-eng9e4 ,! eng9e t hauls ! local backs its own tra9 into ! /ation1 makes its run out ^u ! l9e1 #ae1 #be1 #ej miles1 :atev] ! case may be1 & br+s ! tra9 back into ! /ation4 ,x kicks ! c>s out1 j beyond ! cov] ( ! tra9-%$ & :ile x is hurry+ to ! turntable ! c>s are be+ ha/ily swept & du/$4 ,an h\r w be all[$ ! eng9e] to turn 8 eng9e & get 8 coal & wat] supply1 & !n he w />t out aga9 on 8 local run4 ,?is p]=mance w be repeat$ "o or m times1 be=e ! coa*es are s5t to ! y>d = ?or\gh clean+ & /ock+1 & ! locomotive h\s$ = a little re/ 9 ! programme4 ,?is is n ! univ]sal programme1 b x is typical4 ,x seems simple2 b ) ! multiplicity ( local tra9s 9 s]vice1 ! dem&s ( ! regul> ?r\gh traffic1 & ! special dem&s t come unexpect$ly day aft] day1 t c> /orage y>d has got to be arrang$ = an economy ( op]ation1 z well z ) ! economy ( space 9 view4 ,ea* /orage track mu/ be ( conv5i5t access & ! *ances are t a sep>ate t[] & int]lock+ may be set aside = ! quick1 conv5i5t1 & safe op]ation ( ! /orage y>d4 ,9 any ev5t1 x mu/ be s built z to be work$ )\t int]f]5ce ( any sort on ! ma9 l9e tracks ( ! t]m9al4 ,s mu* = ! t]m9al1 9 ref]5ce to its op]ation2 n[ let u consid] x = a mom5t f ! /&po9t ( ! pass5g]4 ,! fir/ po9t to be consid]$ by ! eng9e]s :o design x is ! po9t t we h j consid]$--safety & conv5i5ce 9 op]ation4 ,a t]m9al might be1 & sometimes is1 an ar*itectural triumph & a ?+ ( monum5tal beauty1 b a curse & an extravagance z an op]at+ proposition4 ,! ar*itects1 ! mural pa9t]s1 ! furniture design]s & ! l are call$ 9 la/4 ,x is _! prov9ce to make ! sett+ = ! ?+ ! eng9e]s h already creat$4 ,s 9 consid]+ ! t]m9al /ation z a build+1 we mu/ /ill give e> to ! eng9e]4 ,he mu/ plan = ! future1 anticipate ! numb] ( p]sons :o are to pass ?r\gh ?is city's gate fifty ye>s h5ce1 & plan 8 conc\rse1 s _m squ>e in*es = ea* "o ( ^? future us]s ( ! t]m9al4 ,exits & entrances to ! tra9s mu/ be built 9 ord] t incom+ & outgo+ /reams ( p]sons %all n conflict4 ,all ^! po9ts require c>eful /udy4 ,x is possible to design a baggage-room s bad z to make ! /ation all b a failure2 a /uffy ticket-(fice t is almo/ an impossibility to use "u pressure conditions4 ,! good eng9e] ?9ks two or ?ree ?\s& times be=e he beg9s ! design ( a pass5g] t]m9al4 ,! conc\rse1 or head plat=m1 t jo9s all ! diff]5t track plat=ms is ! ma9 feature ( ! t]m9al build+4 ,^u x "s p]sons congregate prep>atory to go+ ?r\gh ! gates to _! tra9s1 & o!r p]sons congregate await+ ! arrival ( tra9s--a matt] :i* is c>efully bullet9$ = _! conv5i5ce4 ,arriv+ & dep>t+ pass5g]s1 ) a p]c5tage ( idl]s1 mu/ be accommodat$ ^u x4 ,x mu/ be capaci\s4 ,exits to ! /reet %\ld be provid$1 )\t ! necessity ( pass+ ?r\gh ! /ation build+1 & ! c>riage /& %\ld be close at h&4 ,! wait+-room w be ! monum5tal & arti/ic expression ( ! t]m9al4 ,x may or may n be a portion ( ! entrance to ! conc\rse & tra9-%$1 b x is ess5tial t x be conv5i5tly locat$1 t smok+-rooms1 wom5's wait+-rooms1 p>cel-*eck1 telephone1 telegraph1 news-/&1 & re/aurant facilities be close at h&4 ,x is h>dly less desirable t ! ticket-(fices adjo9 ! wait+-room yet ! ar*itect :o s places 8 ticket-(fices t ! belat$ travell] has unnecess>y delay 9 pur*as+ 8 tickets1 w br+ d[n unnumb]$ curses ^u 8 def5celess head4 ,! mod]n /ation w make provision = num]\s railroad (fices--be a complete mod]n (fice-build+ 9 fact1 al?\gh n emblazon+ t 9 its ar*itectural design--& w h lun*-/& & re/aurant facilities1 ) _! necess>y add5da ( /ore-rooms1 refrig]ators & kit*5s1 z complete z ^? ( ! l>ge/ hotels4 ,! baggage accommodations des]ve a p>agraph by !mselves4 ,am]icans1 due to ! lib]al baggage provisions ( our railroads1 travel ea* ye> ) increas$ imp$im5ta4 ,ea* ye> ! task ( ! baggage-h&l]s multiplies4 ,mak+ room = trunks has come to be an important t]m9al provision4 ,9 ! l>ge t]m9als1 ?is traffic is divid$1 an 9-baggage room receiv+ f incom+ tra9s & di/ribut+ to v>i\s =ms ( city baggage deliv]y & an out-baggage room receiv+ & *eck+ baggage = outgo+ tra9s4 ,! 9-baggage room is always mu* ! l>ge/1 because ( ! delays t almo/ inv>iably hold trunks = a "t--%ort or long--^u _! arrival at a t]m9al4 ,x is desirable t baggage be h&l$ ) z little inconv5i5ce z possible to pass5g]s2 & = ?is reason almo/ all t]m9als h subways ext5d+ f ! 9 & out rooms b5ea? all tra9-%$ plat=ms & connect$ ) ea* ( ^! by elevators1 l>ge en\gh to receive a full-siz$ baggage-truck4 ,9 ?is way annoyance & delay to pass5g]s is m9imiz$4 ,9 ! case ( heavy ?r\gh tra9s1 :]e baggage runs unusually heavy1 ! baggage-c>s are frequ5tly deta*$ & swit*$ 9 ^u special tracks t run alongside ! baggage rooms4 ,! pass5g] t]m9al mu/ also provide mail & express facilities among ^! /ructures1 b ^!1 z has already be5 intimat$1 are g5]ally ap>t & q sep>ate f ! pass5g] facilities4 ,a p[] plant is ano!r necessity4 ,! build+s mu/ be heat$1 c>s w>m$ 9 freez+ wea!r long be=e ! locomotives are atta*$1 ice-ma*9es op]at$ = ! /ation re/aurant1 p[] suppli$ to elevators1 dynamos1 & less] me*anisms ab\t ! t]m9al4 ,?is is a feature t is n radically diff]5t f t ( o!r l>ge comm]cial /ructures4 ,! capacity ( a mod]n railroad is measur$ by ! capacity ( its t]m9als r ?an by t ( its ma9 l9e tracks4 ,! railroads 7 n quick to realize nor to appreciate ?is fact at ! fir/4 ,x 0 f9ally =c$ ^u _! att5tion1 & 9 t way became "o ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,am]ican railroad con/ruction & op]ation4 ,! t]m9al became recogniz$ z "o ( ! mo/ effici5t possible solutions ( ! conge/ion problem1 a little m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,x 0 !n t ! d\ble-track+ & f\r-track+ devices 7 f\nd to measure all out ( co/ ) ! relief t 0 to be d]iv$ f !m4 ,x 0 !n t ! eng9e]s 7 told to meet ! situation ) a relief t %\ld be measurably l[ 9 co/4 ,! result ( _! "w has be5 to put ,am]ica =emo/ ) h] railroad t]m9als4 ,! eng9e]s h work$ aga9/ great odds 9 _m cases4 ,! railroads 9 ! beg9n+ took little or no =e?\ght = _! t]m9als4 ,!y neglect$ r>e opportunities to buy l& = ^! facilities 9 ! beg9n+1 :5 ! cities 7 small & ! l& *eap4 ,!y h paid 9 millions ( doll>s = ?is neglect4 ,9 "s cases1 ! e>ly railroads _h little money to exp5d ^u ?is city real e/ate2 b 9 few cases did any ( _! manag]s h ! gift ( prophecy t made !m =esee ! great cities ( to-day or ! great tides ( traffic !y w\ld be call$ ^u to move4 ,nor has ?is phase ( ! situation improv$ )9 rec5t ye>s4 ,a great railroad rebuilt its pass5g] t]m9al 9 an important city t5 ye>s ago & bl9dly imag9$ t ! increase 9 facilities w\ld c>ry x a qu>t] ( a c5tury at ! lea/4 ,to-day x is c>ry+ (f ! remnants ( t /ation improvem5t to ! scrap-heap & try+ to see f> en\gh into ! future to build a /ation t %all la/ x fifty ye>s at lea/4 ,!re is n an eng9e] employ$ by t railroad :o w ass]t himself z possess$ ( ! absolute belief t ! new /ation w be adequate = ! traffic ( a half c5tury h5ce1 if inde$ ! great spread+ palace ( /eel & m>ble be 9 exi/5ce at all at t "t4 ,all t !y w tell y is to po9t to ! fact t ano!r "o ( ,am]ica's greate/ pass5g] c>ri]s has d\bl$ its traffic )9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,h[ c we gamble ) an unkn[n future ( su* dim5sions8 !y ask y 9 return4 ,:5 ! ,p>k ,squ>e ,/ation ( ! ,bo/on ,provid5ce ,railroad 9 ,bo/on & ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation 9 ,new ,york 7 built1 9 ! e>ly sev5ties1 !y 7 ! fir/ railroad pass5g] t]m9als ( size t ! c\ntry _h se54 ,x 0 ?\ght t !y w\ld /& a hundr$ ye>s z monum5ts to ! g5ius ( ! m5 :o design$ !m4 ,to-day !y are bo? gone1 ea* supplant$ by a /ation t bo? toge!r might be pack$ )94 ,d y wond] !n t railroad op]ator & eng9e] alike /& appall$ at ! trem5d\s t]m9al problem t our great cities1 gr[+ awesome ov]night1 are con/antly pres5t+ to !m8 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! beg9n+1 !re 7 no pass5g] or freight t]m9als1 nor1 inde$1 a traffic t dem&$ !m4 ,! pass5g] c>s 7 apt to be haul$ by horses f "s d[nt[n depot ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! /reet to an out] depot at ! edge ( ! t[n :]e ! locomotive replac$ ! horses4 ,:5 ! c>s became heavi]1 ! tra9s long] & m frequ5t1 ! railroads 7 gradually =c$ 9 mo/ cities to remove _! rails f ! /reets & ! use ( horses 0 g5]ally ab&on$4 ,/ill1 pass5g]s cross+ ,baltimore1 = "s ye>s aft] ! w> on _! way f ! ,nor? to ,wa%+ton1 notic$ t ! tra9s 7 brok5 into c>s & drawn "o by "o by horses across ! city1 ?r\gh cr[d$ /reets1 f "o out] railroad /ation to ! o!r4 ,a v5]able :ite horse 0 ! swit*+-eng9e 9 ! ,ro*e/] depot until ! beg9n+ ( ! eighties4 ,:5 ! pass5g] traffic on ! railroads _h become a bus9ess ( ext5t--ab\t ! middle ( ! pa/ c5tury--! con/ruction ( sizable railroad /ations began4 ,! ,fit*burg ,railroad built its /one =tress at ,bo/on1 :i* /ill /&s & 0 = _m ye>s reg>d$ z a m>vel ( its sort4 ,d[n 9 ,baltimore1 ! ,susquehanna ,railroad--aft]w>ds ! ,nor!rn ,c5tral--built ,calv]t ,/ation1 & /an* old ,calv]t is /ill a busy pass5g] gateway ( ! ,monum5tal ,city4 ,a few ye>s lat] ! ,baltimore ,ohio built ,camd5 ,/ation !re & ,camd5 ,/ation 0 reg>d$ z some?+ r unusually f9e = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,9 ! sixties1 ! railroad t]m9als grew 9 size1 & ! old cu/om ( hav+ sep>ate /ations at ! f> sides ( important t[ns 0 disappe>+1 z ! ,am]ican began to see & to dem& ! advantages ( ?r\gh traffic4 ,s ,clevel& built at ! close ( ! w> a /one ,union ,/ation1 ( su* size t ,clevel& folks bragg$ ( x = _m ye>s4 ,! /one ,union ,/ation at ,clevel& is /ill 9 use1 b ! folk ( t t[n d n brag ( x n[adays4 ,clevel& has gr[n a good deal s9ce !y built ! ,union ,/ation !re4 ,! fir/ real pass5g] t]m9als ( importance 9 ! c\ntry 7 ! ,p>k ,squ>e 9 ,bo/on1 & ! ,gr& ,c5tral 9 ,new ,york1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,^! pres5t$ ar*itectural pret5sions su* z ! railroads ( ! c\ntry _h n be=e (f]$ to ! cities !y s]v$4 ,!y also s]v$ z models = bigg] ?+s t 7 to foll[4 ,9 ,bo/on1 ! ,l[ell ,road plann$ & built a l>ge new /ation1 & ! era ( ! pass5g] t]m9al 0 begun4 ,:5 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad built ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 at ,philadelphia1 x built a t]m9al a little f9] ?an any?+ accompli%$ up to t "t4 ,ev5 to-day1 ) ! dignity ( ye>s creep+ ^u x1 ,broad ,/reet is /ill "o ( ! =emo/ ,am]ican /ations4 ,! policy ( its own]s has be5 to keep x abrea/ ( ! dem&s ( ! day1 & only rec5tly x has be5 greatly enl>g$ aga91 its protect+1 int]lock+1 & signal sy/em be+ made second to none 9 ! _w4 ,to ! travell]1 ! ivory-:ite wait+-room1 :]e ,philadelphians delight to congregate1 is an un5d+ s\rce ( admiration2 eng9e]s f9d int]e/ 9 ! intricate sy/em ( tunnels & bridges by :i* a numb] ( trunk-l9e divisions are br\ght into ! /ation )\t cross+ at level4 ,broad ,/reet ,/ation %[s a ye>ly increase 9 its pass5g] traffic ( ab\t five p] c5t4 ,x has a daily movem5t ( m ?an #fjj load$ tra9s 9 & out1 9 addition to a heavy swit*+ movem5t4 ,b because ( ! /eady increase ( its traffic ! ,p5nsylvania has already plann$ to relieve x by build+ a new ma9 = express tra9s out at ,we/ ,philadelphia4 ,:5 t is done ,broad ,/reet w be us$ exclusively = suburban traffic4 ,a %ort di/ance away /&s ! ,m>ket ,/reet ,/ation1 ( ! ,philadelphia ,read+ ,railroad1 a t]m9al rivall+ ,broad ,/reet 9 beauty1 & only slightly inf]ior 9 capacity4 ,philadelphia possesses two di/+ui%$ city gateways4 ,b ! fir/ big /ation t]m9als--9 our ,am]ican s5se t a ?+ big mu/ be bigg] ?an any?+ else ( ! same k9d 9 ! _w--7 ^? erect$ at ,bo/on & at ,/4 ,l\is4 ,! fir/ ( ^! h&les a traffic f> exce$+ t ( any o!r t]m9al ev] built2 ! second has a tra9-%$ t is gigantic & ov]:elm+2 & s ea* ( ! cities c1 9 a measure ( tru?1 claim = itself ! l>ge/ railroad /ation ev] built4 ,ea* has en\gh ( novelty & int]e/ to make x wor?y ( att5tion4 ,! ,bo/on t]m9al--,s\? ,/ation--0 prec$$ by a giant /ructure erect$ along ! bank ( ! ,*>les ,riv] to receive a multitude ( ?r\gh & suburban railroad l9es ent]+ f ! nor?4 ,?is t]m9al--,nor? ,/ation--embrac$ ! /ructure ( ! ,bo/on ,l[ell ,railroad & sup]s$$ ^? ( ! ,bo/on ,ma9e & ,fit*burg railroads4 ,! m]g+ ( ^! & o!r int]e/s into ! pres5t ,bo/on ,ma9e made ! ,nor? ,/ation a possibility4 ,x is n a /ructure ( p>ticul> di/9ction1 f ei!r an ar*itectural or an eng9e]+ /&po9t1 b x has prov$ itself a mighty conv5i5ce to a travell+ public1 us+ a multiplicity ( busy l9es4 ,! conv5i5ce ( x made ! ,s\? ,/ation a possibility4 ,bo/on1 l ,philadelphia1 spreads out well beyond its actual b\nd>ies & measures itself z a va/ community1 includ+ _m ne>-by cities & villages4 ,) ! consolidation ( a numb] ( railroads 9 ,s\!rn ,new ,engl& into ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d sy/em1 & ! popul>ity ( ! ,nor? ,/ation s close at h&1 ! ,s\? ,/ation came z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,x replac$ ! /ations ( ! ,new ,york ,new ,engl&--^: site =ms "p ( its site--! ,old ,colony1 ! ,bo/on ,albany1 & ! ,p>k ,squ>e ,/ation4 ,to accommodate ! va/ traffic ( all ^! railroads1 a great t]m9al 0 design$ & built1 a ?+ ^: bigness is h>dly realiz$ by ! pass5g] com+ & go+ ?r\gh x & :o kn[s x only z a ?+ ( "s ?\s&s ( %uffl+ feet1 giant %ad[s1 & long di/ances4 ,9 addition to ! #bh sub-tracks 9 ! tra9-%$1 ,s\? ,/ation is1 9 effect1 a ?r\gh /ation = electric suburban traffic4 ,?is s]vice has n yet be5 in/all$1 b ! tracks are ready = use ^u %ort notice1 :5 ! facilities ( ! ma9 tra9-%$ %all become ov]tax$4 ,?is ?r\gh /ation has be5 +5i\sly devis$ und]nea? ! tra9-%$ & wait+-rooms ( ! t]m9al4 ,x is s]v$ by two tracks lead+ f ! ma9 entrance tracks to ! /ation--gu>d$ by sep>ate int]lock+ & t[] controls1 & consi/s ( two ext5sive loops4 ,= suburban s]vice1 ) no baggage to be h&l$1 ^! loops w "s day af=d a great accommodation4 ,?ree or f\r electric tra9s may be /ood ^u ea*4 ,! "t & necessity ( rev]s+ ! tra9s is entirely obviat$1 & ^u ! two tracks ( ?is sub-/ation a %ort-haul traffic c be h&l$ almo/ equal 9 numb]s to t ( ! tra9-%$ ov]head4 ,:at su* a /atem5t means c be bett] realiz$ by a rec\rse to bold /ati/ics4 ,s\? ,/ation h&l$ #ca1hca1cij pass5g]s 9 #aiji1 :o travell$ two & fro 9 "s #hjj tra9s daily4 ,x has h&l$ m ?an #ijj tra9s 9 a s+le day4 ,its baggage m5 take c>e ( m ?an #b1ejj1jjj trunks 9 a twelvemon?4 ,! /ati/ics ( a city gate l ,s\? ,/ation are1 9 !mselves1 sizable4 ,/4 ,l\is has "o pass5g] /ation to s]ve z city gate = ! traffic t comes & goes at t important railroad c5tre4 ,t gate is ! *ief ?r\gh pass5g] traffic po9t ( ! _w4 ,f its tra9-%$ "o may take ?r\gh tra9s to e corn] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a few di/ant corn]s ( ,mexico & ,canada4 ,/4 ,l\is1 l mo/ ,we/]n cities has no volume ( suburban traffic z ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 or ,philadelphia1 b x is a consequ5tial po9t = ?r\gh pass5g]s4 ,! bett] to s]ve ! ne$s ( ! #bb diff]5t railroad sy/ems ent]+ t city1 ! ,union ,/ation 0 built a doz5 ye>s ago4 ,x 0 ?\ght to be big en\gh to la/ ,/4 ,l\is _m ye>s4 ,be=e ! ,_w's ,fair ( #aijd op5$ 9 t city ! ,union ,/ation 0 already judg$ inadequate1 & an elaborate plan 0 consummat$ = its enl>gem5t4 ,:5 ! ,union ,/ation 0 orig9ally plann$1 ,/4 ,l\is dem&$ a gate t w\ld be wor?y ( h] size & dignity4 ,no type ( ?r\gh /ation w\ld d1 ! head-h\se t]m9al 0 dem&$ & built1 ev5 ?\gh 9 actual practice x necessitat$ back+ ea* arriv+ tra9 into ! %$4 ,a /ation ( giant size ) ! l>ge/ tra9-%$ 9 ! _w 0 built & hail$ ) a glad acclaim by ! ,we/]n t[n4 ,:5 ! /ation 0 f\nd inadequate1 ! eng9e]s f\nd _! plans = enl>g+ x w\ld h to be adapt$ to a v conf9$ area1 proscrib$ by immovable railroad prop]ties to ! s\?1 highway viaducts to ! ea/ & we/1 & a granite head-h\se1 co/+ sev]al million doll>s1 to ! nor?4 ,)9 t conf9$ area1 !y 7 to correct ! evils ( insuffici5t capacity--a tra9-%$ ) a s+le #d-track ?roat & "s /&+ tracks ( b #c c>s' l5g?1 inadequate baggage arrangem5ts1 & less] evils4 ,)9 two ye>s1 !y _h sub/itut$1 )\t increas+ ! area ( ! ,union ,/ation prop]ty1 a #aj-;c> capacity = ea* ( ! #cb tracks ( ! tra9-%$1 a d\ble ?roat ) #f tracks1 increas$ conc\rses & di/ribut+ plat=ms = pass5g]s1 & a complete subway sy/em = ! h&l+ ( baggage4 ,! prosecution ( t "w1 :ile ! /ation 0 9 con/ant & busy use1 ranks z "o ( ! m>vels ( latt]-day practical eng9e]+4 ,f ! /&po9t ( ! ar*itect1 no o!r /ation has yet be5 built 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t c comp>e ) ! new ,union ,/ation at ,wa%+ton4 ,= ye>s1 ! ov]cr[d$ railroad /ations at t city h be5 b wret*$ gateways to ! national capitol4 ,n[ ! city t is fa/ becom+ ! ,mecca ( all ,am]icans has an entrance wor?y ( h] dignity1 & 9 keep+ ) ! increas+ magnific5ce ( h] ar*itectural works4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,/ation is 9 full accord ) ! wond]ful ar*itectural developm5t ( t city1 & has a sett+ 9 ! creation ( a great fac+ plaza1 9 :i* #ajj1jjj troops may be ga!r$ 9 review4 ,"s day ! plaza is to be surr\nd$ by a gr\p ( public build+s b ev5 9 t day ! :ite m>ble /ation1 exce$+ 9 size all o!r ,wa%+ton build+s save ! ,capitol itself1 w rema9 ! dom9at+ feature ( t fac+ plaza4 ,x has be5 creat$ 9 simple classic outl9e1 a vault$ tra9-%$ be+ purposely omitt$1 9 ord] t ! /ation %\ld n ov]%ad[ ! proportions ( ! ne>-by ,capitol4 ,simil>ly1 ! vault$ tra9-%$ has be5 omitt$ 9 ! spl5did new :ite granite t]m9al :i* ! ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n ,railway has j complet$ on ! ,we/ ,side ( ,*icago4 ,t new t]m9al is a real addition to a t[n :i* has long boa/$ two model /ations--"o 9 ,la ,salle ,/reet & ! o!r ^u ! ,lake ,front4 ,! ,nor?we/]n t]m9al is "o ( ! f9e ar*itectural features ( ,*icago--a /ructure ( classic design1 ! dom9at+ feature ( :i* is a colonnad$ portico1 monum5tal 9 type & t[]+ to a height ( #abj feet above ! ma9 /reet entrance4 ,?is new t]m9al has a possible capacity ( a qu>t] ( a million pass5g]s ea* day4 ,x has "s novel features = ! com=t ( pass5g]s4 ,a great _m travell]s cross ,*icago 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 9 _m cases ?is is ! s+le break 9 a we>y & dirty j\rney4 ,= ^!1 ! new t]m9al n only provides ! cu/om>y l\ng+ rooms & b>b] %ops1 b also private ba?s4 ,!re is a s]ies ( rooms :]e invalids1 wom5 ) *ildr51 or o!r p]sons seek+ privacy1 may g directly by private elevator :]e !y may re/ :ile wait+ = connect+ tra9s4 ,= wom5 !re are tea-rooms & hospital rooms1 ) tra9$ nurses 9 att5dance4 ,t is almo/ ! la/ note 9 com=t = ! travell]4 ,!re are1 9 addition to all ^!1 private rooms :]e ! suburbanite may *ange into 8 ev5+ clo!s & proce$ 9 8 v>i\s social duties1 *ang+ back aga9 be=e he cat*es 8 late tra9 out into ! c\ntry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,new ,york ,city is /ill 9 ! process ( rebuild+ & readju/+ h] gateways4 ,two magnific5t t]m9als 9 h] metropolitan di/rict h already be5 f9i%$2 ! ?ird is /ill "u con/ruction4 ,! fir/ ( ^! t]m9als is a real wat]-gate1 built = ! ,lackawanna ,railroad & situat$ 9 ,hobok51 j across ! ,hudson ,riv] f ! corporate ,new ,york4 ,x is a h&some ar*itectural creation 9 /eel & concrete4 ,its tall clock-t[] dom9ates ! riv] front by night & day & ^? :o come & g ?r\gh its portals f9d !mselves 9 a succession ( :ite & vault$ hallways & conc\rses t sugge/ a libr>y or museum m ?an ! m]e comm]cial /ructure ( a railroad corporation4 ,an int]e/+ feature ( ! ,hobok5 ,/ation is ! ab&onm5t ( ! high tra9-%$ su* z has come to be a di/+ui%+ feature ( "s ( ! _w's great t]m9als4 ,eng9e smoke & gases "w havoc ) ! /ructural /eel "w ( su* %$s1 & ! eng9e]s ( ! ,hobok5 ,/ation fa%ion$ a l[-ly+ ro(1 slott$ to receive ! locomotive /acks4 ,! result is a clean tra9-h\se1 yet admirably protect$ f ! /ress ( wea!r4 ,x is a novel note 9 t]m9al eng9e]+4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,/ation1 op5$ 9 ,novemb]1 #aiaj1 has already become "o ( ! notable l&m>ks ( ,new ,york4 ,b5ea? x disappe>$ ! bigge/ hole ev] excavat$ at "o "t 9 ! metropolitan city2 = ! great /ation is n s fam$ ei!r = its ar*itectural beauty or = ! complet5ess ( its details 7al?\gh x is 9 ! =egu>d ( ! _w's great t]m9als 9 bo? ( ^! reg>ds71 z = ! /up5d\s eng9e]+ project t 0 f\nd necess>y to connect x ) ! trunk-l9e railroads t x s]ves4 ,to ! we/1 ?is takes =m 9 two p>allel tunnels und]nea? ! city1 ! ,hudson ,riv]1 & ! ,j]sey ,heights2 to ! ea/ a /ill heavi] traffic1 compos$ ( empty tra9s 9 ,p5nsylvania s]vice & a great army ( ,long ,isl& commut]s1 is c>ri$ "u ! v he>t ( ,manhattan ,isl& & "u ! ,ea/ ,riv] 9 f\r p>allel tunnels4 ,tra9s run = six miles "u ! greate/ city ( ! cont95t1 ) its flank+ riv]s & environs1 )\t ev] see+ m ?an a mom5t>y fla% ( daylight4 ,! t]m9al has no tra9-%$ or o!r ( ! famili> ext]nal appe>ances ( ! usual railroad /ation 9 a l>ge city4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,model ,,am]ican ,,railroad ,,/ation--,,! ,,union ,,/ation ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral1 ,,bo/on ,,albany1 ,,delaw>e ,,hudson1 ,,& ,,we/ ,,%ore ,,railroads ,,at ,,albany ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,classic ,,portal ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania',s ,,new ,,/ation ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,beautiful ,,conc\rse ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,p5nsylvania ,,/ation1 ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wait+-,,room ,,is ,,! ,,monum5tal ,,& ,,arti/ic ,,expression ,,( ,,! ,,/ation1--,,! ,,wait+-,,room ,,( ,,! ,,union ,,depot ,,at ,,troy1 ,,new ,,york ,! ,p5nsylvania t]m9al also dep>ts radically f ! o!r great t]m9als 9 its track arrangem5ts4 ,! tw5ty-"o p>allel /ation tracks1 ) _! plat=ms1 are plac$ 9 a basem5t =ty feet bel[ /reet level4 ,9 fact1 ! great build+ is divid$ into ?ree levels4 ,at ! /reet level are ! broad entrances1 ! *ief ( ^! =m+ itself into a broad arcade1 l9$ ) %ops t cat] p>ticul>ly to ! dem&s ( ! travell]4 ,on ?is floor are also ! railroad's commodi\s re/aurant & lun*-room4 ,on ! int]m$iate plane1 or level1 ! real bus9ess ( ! pass5g] prefatory to 8 j\rney is transact$4 ,! conc\rse1 ! great g5]al wait+-room1 ) its subsidi>y rooms = m5 & wom51 ! ticket (fices1 & ! telegraph (fices are !re ga!r$4 ,f ! roomy conc\rse1 cov]$ 9 /eel & glass aft] ! fa%ion ( ! fam\s tra9-%$s 9 ,frank=t & ,dresd51 ,g]many1 individual /airs & elevators lead to ea* ( ! track plat=ms4 ,a sub-conc\rse1 hung directly und]nea? ! ma9 /ructure1 is res]v$ = exit purposes only1 & s]ves to sep>ate ! /reams ( incom+ & outgo+ pass5g]s4 ,! nor? side ( ! /ation is sep>at$ & res]v$ = ! use ( ! ,long ,isl& pass5g]s1 *iefly commut]s4 ,! !ory ( op]ation ( ! /ation is simplicity itself4 ,a ,p5nsylvania ?r\gh tra9 f ! ,we/1 aft] dis*>g+ its pass5g]s & baggage1 w n be back$ out ( ! tra9-h\se1 b w cont9ue on ?r\gh ! /ation1 "u m tunnels & ano!r riv]1 to ! /orage y>ds j outside ( ,long ,isl& ,city4 ,simil>ly1 tra9s made ready = a long trip at ! y>ds w proce$ empty "u ! ,ea/ ,riv] tunnels to ! big /ation1 :]e !y w receive _! outb\nd load4 ,?is is ! !ory ( ! /ation1 an op]at+ !ory :i* makes x 9 "p l a giant way-/ation & saves mu* t]m9al conge/ion4 ,! ,long ,isl& tra9s & a few %ort-l9e ,p5nsylvania express tra9s w be turn$ 9 ! /ation4 ,^! are ! exception4 ,( int]e/ fully equal to t ( ! new ,p5nsylvania ,/ation1 is ! con/ruction ( a new ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation ^u ! site ( & dur+ ! use ( ! old4 ,! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation1 us$ by bo? ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav51 ,h>t=d ,railroads1 has be5 = _m ye>s ,new ,york's great gateway to ! ea/ z well z ! nor? & we/4 ,x has develop$ a great suburban & a great ?r\gh traffic s9ce ! con/ruction ( ! fir/ /ation--away back 9 #ahga4 ,tempor>y relief 0 ga9$ 9 ! e>ly eighties by ! con/ruction ( an annex to ! ea/ ( ! orig9al /ation4 ,/ill fur!r improvem5t 0 ga9$ t5 ye>s ago by te>+ out a s]ies ( ill-arrang$ public rooms & sub/itut+ = !m ! s+le beautiful wait+-room t has prov$ s great a delight to travell]s4 ,n[ t wait+-room is ab\t to be demoli%$ 9 ! face ( plans = ! new] & great] ,gr& ,c5tral4 ,! build+ ( ! new /ation has (f]$ trem5d\s problems to ! eng9e]s1 = x has dem&$ a complete recon/ruction )9 extremely limit$ area1 :ile n plac+ h9drances 9 ! way ( ! con/ant op]ation ( "o ( ! _w's greate/ t]m9als4 ,co9cid5t ) ! rebuild+ ( ! new /ation has come ! sub/itution ( electricity = /eam on ! t]m9al l9es ( its two t5ants1 ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav51 ,h>t=d1 & ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] ,railroads4 ,9 ord] to "w ! ?ree-mile tunnel ?r\gh ,p>k ,av5ue & ! sole entrance = tra9s to ! /ation at greate/ capacity1 x 0 f\nd necess>y to ext5d ! y>ds ( ! new /ation f> nor? ( ^? ( ! old4 ,?is "w1 alone1 has necessitat$ ! acquisition ( :ole city blocks ( trem5d\sly valuable real e/ate & ! excavation ( sev]al million cubic y>ds ( rock & e>?4 ,to accompli% ! "w ( recon/ruction & /ill enable ! /ation to h&le its great traffic )\t s]i\s int]ruption1 s]i\s =e?\ght & def9ite plans ( action 7 f\nd necess>y4 ,! plan 0 develop$ by con/ruct+ a tempor>y build+ ( brick & pla/] cov]+ a vacant city block 9 ,madison ,av5ue1 at ! we/ ( ! /ation4 ,into ?is tempor>y /ructure a bran* po/ (fice1 an important adjunct ( ! ,gr& ,c5tral1 0 mov$ f ! extreme ea/]n side ( ! t]m9al4 ,excavation = ! new t]m9al began at its ea/]n edge & at t edge ! fir/ portions ( ! new /ructure h be5 complet$4 ,a wait+-room 0 !n e/abli%$ 9 tempor>y qu>t]s1 ! la/ ve/iges ( ! old ,gr& ,c5tral remov$1 & ! ma9 front & c5tre ( ! new /ation fabricat$4 ,simil>ly1 z ! excavation has progress$ f ! ea/ to ! we/ side ( ! t]m9al1 ! great bulk ( ! traffic has be5 gradually %ift$ f ! old high-level to ! new l[-level4 ,! new ,gr& ,c5tral complete w h its ma9 tra9-%$ devot$ to ?r\gh traffic4 ,a second tra9-%$ ( simil> arrangem5t & ( slightly small] dim5sions w be con/ruct$ und]nea? ! ma9 %$ = suburban traffic1 & a s+le head-h\se w s]ve bo? floors4 ,! head-h\se w h z its *ief ar*itectural feature1 a conc\rse ( mammo? proportions4 ,! less] features ( ! new ,gr& ,c5tral w contribute to make ! new t]m9al1 built ^u ! site ( ! hi/oric old1 "o ( ! _w's greate/ gateways4 ,! fact t /eam locomotives are absolutely prohibit$ f ent]+ ei!r ( ! two new /ations on ,manhattan ,isl& makes ^! ! cleane/ railroad t]m9als yet built4 ,s n only h our railroads begun to build great /ations2 !y are to-day build+ really beautiful /ations4 ,an age 9 :i* ! ,am]ican dem&s ! exquisite & ! monum5tal 9 8 ar*itecture1 palatial homes1 palatial %ops1 palatial hotels1 dem&s t ! railroad /ation be some?+ m ?an ! m]e expression ( a comm]cial utility4 ,/one1 ! /urdy & durable build+ mat]ial ( all ! ages1 has become ! expression ( ^! build+s f )\t4 ,)91 !y are gay ) r>e m>bles & mural pa9t+s4 ,!re is no?+ too f9e = ! railroad pass5g] t]m9al ( to-day 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:5 ! ma/] fancy ( ! ar*itect1 ,ri*>dson1 design$ ! spl5did /ations at ,worce/] & ,spr+field1 z well z a ho/ ( small] attractive /ations along ! l9e ( ! ,bo/on ,albany ,railroad1 ! beg9n+s 7 made4 ,m rec5tly ?is ris+ ,am]ican desire = beauty & good ta/e has %[n itself 9 su* elaborate & arti/ic /ructures z ! /ations at ,albany & ,scranton4 ,! la/ /ep has come 9 ! design+ ( ! palatial t]m9als 9 ,*icago1 9 ,wa%+ton1 & 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,x w\ld take a bold prophet to anticipate :at ! next /ep might be4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,freight ,,t]m9als ,,& ,,! ,,y>ds ,,conv5i5ce ,,( ,,hav+ ,,freight ,,/ations ,,at ,,sev]al ,,po9ts ,,9 ,a ,,city--,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad',s ,,s*eme ,,at ,,new ,,york ,,z ,,an ,,example--,,coal ,,h&l$ ,,ap>t ,,f ,,o!r ,,freight--,,assort+ ,,! ,,c>s--,,! ,,transf] ,,h\se--,,*>ges ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,c>s ,,n ,,promptly ,,return$ ,,to ,,_! ,,home ,,roads--,,! ,,h>d ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,y>dma/]4 ,all ! folk :o come & g ^u ! railroad "k ! pass5g] /ations4 ,few ( !m "k ! freight t]m9als4 ,yet x is f ?is la/ s\rce t ! railroad w d]ive ! great] "p ( its rev5ue4 ,! freight t]m9als ( a l>ge city w be a gr\p ( plants1 design$ = v>y+ purposes4 ,! railroad h&les its pass5g] bus9ess f a s+le /ructure1 if possible4 ,x is comp>atively simple to ga!r all its pass5g]s1 ev5 f a broad t]ritory1 )9 a great city1 & s to conc5trate ?is "p ( its traffic 9 a s+le well-locat$ t]m9al4 ,) ! freight x is entirely a diff]5t "q4 ,! problem ( truck+ is "o ( ! great problems ( ea* ( our l>ge cities1 &1 9 ord] to elim9ate ?is z f> z possible1 ! railroad1 "u ! /imulus ( competition1 w e/abli% freight /ations at ea* po9t :]e any consid]able volume ( traffic is likely to orig9ate4 ,^! /ations w consi/ ( a freight-h\se1 = h&l+ package-freight 7y\r traffic exp]t calls ?is ,,lcl1 mean+ less ?an c>load71 & wagon y>ds = c>load lots4 ,p]haps !re w be two freight-h\ses1 "o = inb\nd1 ! o!r = outb\nd traffic4 ,! wagon y>ds w h to be ample = ! accommodation ( a ho/ ( trucks & drays z well z = ! long r[s ( freight-c>s4 ,9 addition to ^! /ations1 ea* l>ge manufactur+ plant is apt to be a freight /ation ( itself1 ) a private swit* runn+ to its %ipp+-rooms & /orage %$s2 & 9 ev5 a mod]ate-siz$ ,am]ican city !re may be f #cjj to #ejj ( ^! sid+s 9 active daily use4 ,s mu* = ! g5]al commodity freight4 ,!n !re are ! special commodities4 ,coal1 = in/ance1 is a freight bus9ess ( itself4 ,x is n h&l$ 9 ! regul> /ations ( ! railroad1 b 9 specially design$ pockets & /orage %$s1 :i* may be locat$ at f "o or two to half a hundr$ diff]5t accessible po9ts ab\t ! city4 ,"o beg9s to see1 aft] a little :ile1 :y ! railroads n[ seize ) avidity ea* opportunity to ga9 l9es ?r\gh ! he>ts ( our cities4 ,ea* l9e ga9$ means "s appreciable relief t[>d ! tak+ up ( a traffic burd5 t increases ye>ly4 ,x is mo/ probable t ! freight t]m9als ( ! city w h to accommodate mu* m traffic ?an t :i* orig9ates or t]m9ates !re4 ,important l9es ( o!r railroads may int]sect at t po9t1 & ! h&l+ ( int]*ange freight is a busy function ( ! t]m9al s*eme4 ,x may be an important po9t = lake1 riv]1 or ocean traffic2 & 9 su* a case1 ! indu/ries at docks & dock+ facilities ( e sort =m o!r busy functions4 ,!re w be coal or ore :>ves1 elevators1 & c>-floats to ent] into ! s*eme4 ,s y see ! railroad's freight t]m9al 9 any l>ge city is l ! f+]s ( its ext5d$ h&4 ,! long t5dons rea* into e productive c5tre1 ga!r+ & di/ribut+ at f a doz5 to fifty po9ts1 aside f ! private sid+s4 ,x is obvi\s t ^! mu/ be caught toge!r some:]e2 & g5]ally ^u ! outskirts ( an important traffic city ! railroad creates an int]*ange y>d :]e ?is freight1 incom+ & outgo+--#ajj tra9s a day1 p]haps--is ga!r$ toge!r & sort$ ) sy/em & regul>ity1 v mu* z ! po/ (fice sorts ! lett]s & ! mail packages4 ,to exam9e m closely ?is work+ ( a mod]n freight t]m9al s*eme1 let u take a s+le plant ( a s+le sy/em4 ,! great op]ation by :i* ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad cat*es up & deliv]s its freight 9 ! metropolitan di/rict ar\nd ,new ,york is typical1 & w illu/rate4 ,! ,p5nsylvania works ) at lea/ #bd freight /ations1 9 addition to a great numb] ( private sid+s f its l9es z !y pass ?r\gh ,ea/]n ,new ,j]sey4 ,^! /ations h&le ! freight ( ,manhattan ,isl&1 ,brooklyn1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,hobok51 ,new>k1 & small] c5tres2 b 9 addition to !m !re are va/ docks at :i* =eign /eam]s b]?1 light]age facilities = bo? =eign & coa/+ /eam]s1 & a trem5d\s freight int]*ange ) ! railroads runn+ to ! nor? & ea/4 ,! coal bus9ess is !re aga91 a sep>ate in/itution ) _m pi]s & pockets2 !re is a gr\p ( bulky elevators t rise above ! smoky1 busy ,j]sey %ore1 ! :ole go+ to make a sizable freight t]m9al4 ,!re are coal pockets1 pi]s1 elevators1 & a local freight /ation at ,j]sey ,city 7! railroad m5 "k x z ,h>semus ,cove71 & ano!r mu* l>g] plant at ,gre5ville on ! we/ bank ( ! upp] h>bor1 almo/ beh9d ! ,/atue ( ,lib]ty4 ,?is la/ plant is j n[ await+ its greate/ developm5t4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 ?r\gh its own]%ip control ( ! ,long ,isl& ,railroad1 is build+ an encircl+ l9e1 #d & #f tracks wide1 ar\nd ,brooklyn1 & cross+ its pass5g] t]m9al y>ds at ,long ,isl& ,city4 ,?is encircl+ l9e--! ,new ,york ,connect+ ,railroad x is call$--w be cont9u$ by a spl5did bridge ov] ! ,ea/ ,riv] to an actual connection ) ! ,new ,hav5 sy/em rea*+ up into ,new ,engl&4 ,:5 ?is is done1 "o ( ! bugaboos ( ! freightm5--! sl[ & (ttimes dang]\s movem5t ( b>ges & c>-floats ?r\gh ! ,ea/ ,riv]1 pa/ ! entire l5g? ( ,manhattan ,isl&--w be end$4 ,gre5ville w become ! di/ribut+ po9t = ! bulk ( ,new ,engl& freight t comes & goes f ! s\? & ! we/ ?r\gh ,new ,york4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t "t ,gre5ville is a freight po9t ( consid]able magnitude4 ,g out to ,wav]ley1 ! great sprawl+ int]*ange y>d t rea*es f ,new>k almo/ to ,elizabe? along ! edge ( ! ,j]sey mead[s1 & wat* ! ?r\gh tra9s come f ,gre5ville4 ,!y rank well to-day ) ! traffic t comes f ,h>semus ,cove already2 & ,h>semus ,cove is soon to be z no?+4 ,wav]ley is m ?an a m]e junction4 ,x 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! neck ( ! bottle :]e ! d\ble-track l9e f ,gre5ville1 ! ma9 l9e f ,j]sey ,city & ,h>semus ,cove1 & ! cut-(f freight l9e t c>ries ?r\gh traffic ar\nd ! he>t ( great & gr[+ ,new>k1 unit$ to =m ! ma9 l9e ( ! busy ,p5nsylvania ,railroad4 ,be+ a gateway by natural location ! railroad s\ght to make x a gateway 9 reality4 ,a big assort+ or classification y>d 0 built !re = outgo+ freight1 & ano!r = ! incom+4 ,/orage tracks 7 add$ & "o ( ! great transf] h\ses ( ! c\ntry--b ( t1 m 9 a mom5t4 ,! bus9ess day ends at ! _m freight-h\ses along ! wat]front ( ,manhattan & ,brooklyn at f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,at t h\r1 ! railroad refuses to accept any m freight = ! day1 c>-doors are clos$ & seal$ ) rapidity2 9 a %ort "t ! long & clumsy floats are be+ haul$ by p]t little tugs t[>d ,h>semus or ,gre5ville4 ,!re is n mu* loaf+ at ei!r ( ^? po9ts along ab\t supp]-"t4 ,swit*+ crews %[ fev]i% activity 9 snat*+ ! c>s f ! floats1 & y>dma/]s b5d !mselves n]v\sly t[>d =m+ ! long tra9s t are to g rumbl+ t[>d ! we/ ?r\gh\t ! night4 ,/& 9 ! swit*-t[] at ,wav]ley1 & y w beg9 to cultivate a :olesome respect = ! freight traffic t comes out f a great city at nightfall4 ,a ?r\gh tra9 f ,gre5ville is bill$ to ,pittsburgh1 & only hesitates long en\gh at ,wav]ley to take ! swit*-po9ts at t busy junction ) c>e4 ,?ree m9utes beh9d x is a ?r\gh ,*icago tra9 f ,h>semus ,cove1 & x goes /olidly ?r\gh ! gateway y>d )\t paus+4 ,y wond] :y !y keep an exp]t y>dma/] & half a doz5 swit*+ crews at ,wav]ley4 ,)9 five m9utes y wond] no long]4 ,!y are beg9n+ to get ! unassort$ c>s f ! t]m9als1 c>s t are b\nd = m ?an a score ( ,/ates4 ,! "w ( sort+ beg9s4 ,! night y>dma/] is a g5]al1 & he has an army ( less] (fic]s 9 ! field4 ,y c trace !m ?r\gh ! night1 z1 lant]ns 9 h&1 !y are runn+ along ! tra9s 7^! are pull+ 9 f ! wat]front e five m9utes n[71 cutt+ out c>s1 add+ c>s1 vamp+ & revamp+ ! freight traffic ( ! night4 ,?is track receives ?r\gh freight = ,philadelphia1 ! next = ,pittsburgh1 ! ?ird = ,c9c9nati1 ! f\r? = ,wa%+ton & ! po9ts div]g+ !refrom4 ,s x goes4 ,:5 ! assort+ process has be5 9 progress = m ?an an h\r at "o end ( ! classification tracks1 !re are long tra9s ( c>s ^u !m ready to run solid to "s l>ge city or important di/ribut+ po9t4 ,aft] t x is a simple en\gh matt] to br+ eng9es & cabooses & />t ! tra9s ?r\gh4 ,!n ! sort+ ( ! c>s is begun aga9 & cont9ues until ! freight receiv+ po9ts & ! freight int]*ange po9ts 9 ! metropolitan di/rict h be5 swept clean = ! night4 ,! transf]-h\se repeats ! assort+ process1 only ^u a small] scale1 = x h&les package freight--less ?an c>load4 ,x is a long /ructure1 /ret*+ its way d[n ! y>d & s]v$ by #h to #aj long sid+s & unload+ %$s4 ,x takes ! ,,lcl /uff com+ by night f ! connect+ railroads & f ! metropolitan freight-h\ses1 & a little aft] midnight its work]s beg9 ! sort+ ( ?is great mass ( matt]1 f #bjj to #ejj c>loads a day4 ,"h is a really great phase ( railroad en]gy4 ,we f9d our way to a gaunt freight-h\se1 to ^: door no truck has ev] back$1 & :i* is hemm$ 9 by _m r[s ( sid+s & ( %$s4 ,9 ?is build+ "o ( ! busie/ functions ( ! :ole transportation bus9ess goes =? by day & by night4 ,y %ip a box--sixty p\nds to "o hundr$ p\nds--f ,wilkes-,b>re1 ,pa41 to ,b]l91 ,wis4 ,"h comes ano!r box f ,wat]t[n1 ,n4 ,y41 to ,norfolk1 ,va4 ,a ?ird is b\nd f ,ea/hampton1 ,mass41 to ,*illico!1 ,o42 a f\r? f ,t]re ,haute1 ,ind41 to ,pla9field1 ,n4 ,j41 & s on1 ad inf9itum4 ,y c readily see h[ 9 su* cases ! railroads h a problem 9 freight t closely approximates t ( ! ,gov]nm5t mail s]vice4 ,t5 ?\s& curr5ts & cross-curr5ts ( m]*&ise ris+ "h & !re & ev]y:]e1 & cross+ & recross+ on _! way to de/9ation1 make a puzzle t does n cease :5 ! rate-%eet exp]ts h f9i%$ _! difficult "w4 ,if all ! freight might be express$ 9 ev5 multiples ( c>s ! problem w\ld n be q s appall+4 ,b y\r box is a hundr$ p\nds weight1 or less1 p]haps--,,lcl anyway4 ,f its de/9ation x goes ) o!r boxes 9 a c> to ! ne>e/ transf] po9t4 ,at ! transf] h\se ! c> 9 :i* x is plac$ is drill$ quickly into an infreight track1 seals are brok51 doors op5$1 & re-assort+ beg9s4 ,! transf]-h\se is roomy & sy/ematic4 ,if x 7 any?+ less x w\ld resemble *aos4 ,b ! *ief freight po9ts ( t p>ticul> sy/em & its connect+ po9ts h regul> /&s1 ^u :i* nightly are plac$ c>s b\nd = ^! po9ts4 ,ea* city 79 ! case ( a l>ge city ea* freight-h\se71 ea* transf] po9t1 has a numb]1 & its ?r\gh c> /&s opposite t numb]4 ,:5 ! infreight arrives & is unload$ piece by piece1 a *eck]1 :o is no?+ less ?an an animat$ guide-book1 gives ea* its prop] numb]1 & x is promptly truck$ (f to ! wait+ c>4 ,x is mail-sort+ on a ,titanic scale4 ,nor is ?is an absolute ord]4 ,c]ta9 t[ns dem& an occasional ?r\gh c> f "t to "t1 & a c> mu/ be assign$ numb] & place at ! transf]-h\se aga9/ su* em]g5cies4 ,sometimes !re is m ?an en\gh freight to fill ! c> allott$ to any giv5 po9t1 & !n "o ( ! swit*+ crews mu/ drill t out & f9d ano!r empty to replace x4 ,beyond t1 ! y>dma/]'s sup]iors are all ! "t dem&+ t he %[ judgm5t 9 pick+ ! c>s to be fill$4 ,:5 a freight c> gets (f ! sy/em to :i* x belongs x collects =feits f ! o!r l9es ov] :i* x passes1 if !y d n exp$ite its passage2 ?is ! railroad]s "k z p] diem4 ,! great trick 9 op]at+ is to keep p] diem d[n2 & s ! =eign c>s1 s call$1 mu/ be promptly return$ to _! home roads4 ,we load out ( ! transf]-h\se a ?r\gh c> ov] ! ,nor?we/]n f ,*icago e day1 ! man :o has ?is y>d 9 *>ge expla9s4 ,x's up to me to h a ,nor?we/]n empty = t :5 ,i c4 ,:5 ,i c't1 ,i d ! be/ ,i c4 ,he scrat*es 8 head4 ,p]haps ,i'll use a ,canadian ,pacific1 & s get h] />t$ along t[>d home4 ,if n1 some?+ f ! ,sault2 j z ,i am go+ to />t t ,new ,hav5 c> ov] t[>d ,connecticut to-night4 ,if ,i 7 to s5d t ,new ,hav5 c> out beyond ,wa%+ton !re'd be tr\ble1 & ,i've got to dig out some?+ empty f ! ,bo/on ,ma9e to take t /uff ov] to ,l[ell4 ,mos' g5]ally1 ?\gh1 :5 we've got a turn ( ,we/]n /uff1 ,i've got my 'empty' tracks /uff$ full o' !m ,new ,engl& c>s4 ,we m5tion some?+ ab\t ! transf]-h\se be+ a mighty good ?+4 ,x's a necess>y evil1 says our guide1 correct+ u4 ,he />ts to expla94 ,see "h4 ,! ,x----1 ov] 9 its ,j]sey ,city transf]-h\se1 got ne> a c>load ( t fancy porcela9 brick ?r\gh f ,hav]/raw las' week1 & t "y :elp ( a college boy t's hang9' r\nd !re le>n9' ! railroad bus9ess gets x into 8 noodle t x's some?9' awful1 awful = t /uff to be go9' ?r\gh to ,middle ,ohio 9 a ,ma9e ,c5tral box1 an ',,lcl' at t4 ,s out he dumps x into a sy/em c> "r "h an' n[1 & saves 8 road ab\t "o doll> & fifty c5ts p] diem4 ,( c\rse !y pay ab\t "o hundr$ & ?irty-five doll>s = damages to t brick 9 ! transf]r9'4 ,b ! boy's all "r 9 ! transf]-h\se4 ,if he 0 out on ! eng9e he might bl[ up ! bil]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h is ano!r great railroad y>d--?is almo/ fill+ a mighty crevice betwe5 ,god's et]nal hills4 ,?is is )9 ! m\nta9 c\ntry1 & ! gossip t y get ar\nd ! r\ndh\se is all ( grades4 ,y he> h[ ,smi? & ! #b1iii pull$ sev5 ,pullmans ar\nd ! ,saddleback )\t a pu%]2 h[ "s ( ! big pref]5ce freights take f\r eng9es to m\nt ! summit2 ! tales ( d>+ are tales ( pu%]s & ( tra9s break+ ap>t on ! fe>ful m\nta9 /ret*es4 ,r&all is y>dma/] "h1 & ,r&all is ! opposite ( ! layman's picture ( a y>dma/]--a slov5ly1 worn1 pr(ane sort ( fell[4 ,r&all does n swe>2 he r>ely ev5 gets excit$2 8 sy/em ( adm9i/ration is s p]fectly devis$ t ev5 9 a /ress he r>ely has to turn to "w ) 8 own h&s4 ,) him railroad+ is a f9e1 practical sci5ce4 ,he w tell y ( ! me?ods at ,coll9wood1 at ,altoona1 at ,buffalo1 at ,*icago--:]e9 !y diff]4 ,he is cool1 calculat+1 clev]1 a capital railroad] 9 addition to all ^!4 ,illu/ration3 ,,some?+ ,,ov] ,a ,,million ,,doll>s' ,,wor? ,,( ,,pass5g] ,,c>s ,,are ,,con/antly ,,/or$ ,,9 ,,?is ,,y>d ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sc5e ,,9 ,,! ,,great ,,freight-,,y>ds ,,t ,,surr\nd ,,*icago ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,intricacy ,,( ,,tracks ,,& ,,! ,,?roat ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,t]m9al ,,y>d3 ,,s\? ,,/ation1 ,,bo/on1 ,,& ,,its ,,approa*es ,y speak ( 8 y>d z be+ ov]:elm+ly big4 ,he answ]s 9 8 delib]ate way3 ,we've m ?an #bjj miles ( track 9 ?is y>d2 some?+ m ?an #b1jjj swit*es op]ate x4 ,!n he takes y d[n f 8 (fice1 elevat$ 9 an ab&on$ swit*-t[]1 & look+ d[n ^u 8 doma94 ,he expla9s ) great c>e t1 8 y>d be+ a ma9-l9e division po9t & n a po9t ) _m int]sect+ bran*es or =eign roads1 its transf]-h\se is inconsequ5tial4 ,! same process t goes =w>d ) ! package-freight 9 ! transf]-h\ses1 ,r&all c>ries on 9 ?is y>d ) c>s4 ,^! op]ations are sep>at$ = ea/-b\nd & we/-b\nd freight & ea* is giv5 an entirely sep>ate y>d1 easily rea*$ f ! gr\p ( r\ndh\ses t hold ! freight motive p[] ( t "p ( ! sy/em4 ,r&all's1 be+ an unusually l>ge y>d1 fur!r divides ^! activities into sep>ate y>ds = load$ & empty c>s on ! we/-b\nd side4 ,no ea/-b\nd empties are h&l$ ov] 8 road4 ,we foll[ him to ! ne>e/ op]at+ po9t1 ! we/-b\nd classification y>d = load$ c>s4 ,9 ! old days ?is 0 a broad flat rea* ( ab\t #bj p>allel tracks1 t]m9at+ at ea* end 9 approa*es ( lead ( ladd] track4 ,^u ea* set ( #c or #d tracks a swit*-eng9e is busy 9 ! et]nal classification process4 ,9 ^! m mod]n days y may see ! hump or gravity-y>d1 al?\gh y w /ill f9d skill$ railroad]s :o are prejudic$ aga9/ its use4 ,9 ! hump-y>d half ( ! "w ( ! swit*-eng9es is done by gravity4 ,?is new type ( railroad facility has an artificial hill1 j above ! t]m9ation ( ! p>allel tracks :]e !y clu/] toge!r1 & ^u ?is hump "o swit*-eng9e ) a tra9$ crew does ! "w ( six eng9es & crews 9 ! old type ( y>d4 ,a pref]5ce freight rolls into ! receiv+ y>d = ! we/-b\nd classification4 ,its eng9e unc\ples & /eams (f = a well-e>n$ re/ 9 ! smoky r\ndh\se4 ,a swit*-eng9e unc\ples ! caboose t has be5 tack$ on beh9d ov] ! division1 & x is %unt$ (f to ! ne>-by caboose track1 :]e its crew w h close ov]sight ( x--p]haps sleep 9 x--until x is ready to accompany "s ea/-b\nd freight a few h\rs h5ce4 ,blue flags 7blue lights at night7 are fa/5$ at ea* end ( ! dismantl$ c>s1 & ! inspectors h a qu>t] ( an h\r to make sure if ! equipm5t is 9 good ord]4 ,if ! c> is f\nd ) brok5 runn+-ge> x is m>k$1 & soon aft] drill$ out f its fell[s1 s5t to ! transf]-h\se to h its cont5ts remov$1 to ! %ops = repairs1 or ! cripple track = junk1 if its case is well-nigh hopeless4 ,) ! ,o4 ,k4 ( ! c> inspectors f9ally pron\nc$1 ! tra9 t 0 comes up to ! hump1 & ! exp]t crew t op]ates !re makes %ort "w ( sort+ out ! c>s--?is track = /uff s\?we/ ( ,pittsburgh1 ?is next = ,clevel& & ,*icago1 ! ?ird = transcont95tal2 & s x goes4 ,two l9es ( c>s are drill$ at ! same "t1 = j ahead ( ! swit*-eng9e is an op5-plat=m c>1 kn[n z ! pole-c>1 & by means ( heavy timb]s ! pole-man guides two r[s ( heavy c>s d[n ! slight grades to _! re/+-places4 ,! c>s d n re/ long ^u ! classification-y>d tracks4 ,f ! f> end ( ea* ( ^! !y are be+ ga!r$ 9 solid tra9s1 "o = ,pittsburgh1 ano!r = ,clevel& & ,*icago1 ! ?ird transcont95tal1 & s on4 ,eng9es ( ! next division are be+ hit*$ to !m1 pet hacks br\ght f ! caboose tracks1 & ! long /r+s ( load$ box-c>s are (f t[>d ! ,we/ 9 incr$ibly %ort "t4 ,( c\rse !re are "s tra9s t nev] g ^u ! classification at ,r&all's y>d4 ,!re are solid coal tra9s b\nd 9 & out ( ,new ,york1 ( ,philadelphia1 & ( ,bo/on1 t pass him empty & fill$1 & only *ange eng9es & cabooses at 8 comm&4 ,!re are ?r\gh freights1 b\nd f "o seabo>d to ! o!r1 f ! ,f> ,ea/ to ! ,f> ,we/1 t d likewise4 ,b ! majority ( ! freight movem5t has ! sort+ out )9 8 doma91 8 f\r humps are busy day & night ) an ord9>y run ( traffic1 & y %udd] to ?9k :at mu/ be ! condition :5 bus9ess beg9s to run at high tide4 ,we get x a-humm+ e once 9 a :ile1 he f9ally confesses4 ,we _h "o day1 a little "t ago1 :5 we receiv$ #aba ea/-b\nd tra9s 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 m ?an #c1bjj c>s all told4 ,t meant1 on an av]age1 a tra9 e #aa-a_/b m9utes4 ,t same day we got #gh we/-b\nd freights1 ) m ?an #c1fjj c>s4 ,t meant ne>ly #g1jjj c>s h&l$ on ! 9-freight 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or a tra9 com+ 9 to me e #g-a_/b m9utes dur+ day & night4 ,!y don't d mu* bett] ?an t on "s ( ! subway & elevat$ railroads 9 ! big cities2 & ,i hav5't said a ^w ab\t ! tra9s & c>s we despat*$--j ab\t z mu* aga91 ( c\rse4 ,?r\gh y>ds su* z ^! !re are incom+ /reams ( m]*&ise1 equal at lea/ to ! outgo+1 pass+ ?r\gh classification y>ds 9 c>load lots & ! great transf]-h\ses 9 ,,lcl4 ,^! /reams mu/ be kept sep>ate & f clogg+ "o ano!r or !mselves4 ,c>s mu/ c>ry loads :5ev] !y are mov$--empties are ! bogy-m5 ( ! sup]9t5d5ts ( transportation--& c>s f =eign sy/ems mu/ be quickly return$ to _! home roads4 ,! y>dma/] at a busy freight po9t has 8 own worries4 ,8 puzzle is un5d+4 ,to x he mu/ b5d ! bigness ( a big m9d1 he mu/ be prep>$ to h&le ! unequal volumes ( traffic t pass ?r\gh 8 doma9 ) an equal skill3 9 dull times he mu/ seek to keep 8 plant work+ "u conditions ( r>e economy2 :5 ! freight rises to flood tide1 he mu/ fight 9 h>ness to prev5t ! freight f conge/+4 ,! ^w failure has be5 /rick5 out ( 8 vocabul>y by 8 sup]iors4 ,x takes a high grade ( railroad] to s]ve z y>dma/]4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,locomotives ,,& ,,! ,,c>s ,,honor ,,requir$ ,,9 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,a ,,locomotive--,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,locomotives--,,"s ,,notable ,,locomotive-,,build]s--,,increase ,,( ,,! ,,size ,,( ,,eng9es--,,/eph5son',s ,,air-,,brake--,,! ,,work%ops--,,! ,,v>i\s ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,eng9e--,,c>s ,,( ,,! ,,old-,,"t--,,improvem5ts ,,by ,,w9ans ,,& ,,o!rs--,,/eel ,,c>s ,,= ,,freight4 ,f out ( ! fi]y womb ( /eel comes ! locomotive4 ,we h already told ( ! honor t is =g$ 9 ! build+ ( ! bridge2 honor ( no less degree has gone into ! =g+ ( ! mo/ vital & mo/ human ?+ ^u ! railroad1 outside ( man himself4 ,t man has ev] be5 able to create & build ! locomotive1 a giant creature ( "s #bjj tons1 p]haps1 built toge!r ) inf9ite c>e ( "s #e1jjj to #g1jjj p>ts1 & ^! p>ts act+ ) ! delicacy ( ! hair-spr+ ( a wat*1 almo/ passes ord9>y belief4 ,! wond] becomes ev5 great] :5 x is realiz$ t ?is mon/] creature1 set ^u two sl5d] rails1 is capable ( pull+ a #d1jjj ton tra91 ?r\gh e /ress ( wea!r & ov] consid]able grades4 ,to tell 9 detail ( ! locomotive 9 "o *apt] is %ort all[ance to a subject t fairly dem&s = itself a :ole book1 a te*nical m9d = ! tell+1 & at lea/ a fairly te*nical m9d = ! und]/&+2 a subject t 9 its hi/ory goes h& 9 h& ) t ( ! railroad itself4 ,yet ! limitations ( ?is book =bid a m l5g?y description4 ,we h already told ( a v few ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ fam\s ,am]ican locomotives2 ! ,/\rbridge ,lion1 :i* ,horatio ,all5 br\ght to ! ,delaw>e ,hudson ,company2 ! ,be/ ,fri5d1 :i* 0 built 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & :i* w5t to ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 to be ! fir/ ,am]ican locomotive to run 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 :i* awoke ! e*oes ( ! ,hudson & ,mohawk valleys 9 a s+le day2 & ! ,tom ,?umb1 built by ,pet] ,coop]1 :i* induc$ ! directors ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad to *ange _! motive p[] f horses to /eam1 & s op5$ a great new developm5t = _! prop]ty4 ,a little :ile aft] ,coop]'s ,tom ,?umb _h a*iev$ ! a/\nd+ feat ( beat+ a team ( horses 9 haul+ a railroad coa*1 ! directors ( ! ,b4 ,o4 (f]$ a prize ( #d1jjj = ! mo/ approv$ eng9e t %all be deliv]$ = trial ^u ! road on or be=e ,june #a1 #ahca2 & #c1ejj = ! eng9e :i* %all be adjudg$ ! next be/4 ,x 0 det]m9$ 9 ?is prospectus t ! eng9e1 :5 9 op]ation mu/ n exce$ ?ree & "o-half tons weight & mu/1 on a level road1 be capable ( draw+ day by day fifte5 tons1 inclusive ( ! weight ( wagons1 fifte5 miles an h\r4 ,?ree locomotives answ]$ ?is g5]\s (f]4 ,( !m b "o1 ! ,york1 (t5] call$ ! ,arabian1 built at ,york1 ,pa41 by ,davis ,g>tn]1 & haul$ to ,baltimore by horses ov] ! turnpikes1 0 ( practical s]vice4 ,ph9eas ,davis 0 a wat* & clock mak]1 b he succe$$ 9 devis+ a locomotive t 0 ! =]unn] ( ! fam\s ,gras%opp] ^u ! ,baltimore ,ohio4 ,bett] "n 0 nev] giv5 to a locomotive1 ! rude & unga9ly angles =m$ by rods & lev]s giv+ a di/9ct resemblance to ! long-legg$ bugs4 ,yet ! ,gras%opp]s s]v$ _! purpose4 ,9 ! late eighties1 ! ,arabian 0 /ill 9 s]vice 9 ! ,m\nt ,cl>e y>ds at ,baltimore4 ,) a s+le exception1 x nev] _h an accid5t or ev5 left ! rails4 ,t exception 0 j be=e ! completion ( ! ,wa%+ton bran*1 & ,davis 0 a pass5g] ^u ! eng9e4 ,x 0 go+ at a fair rate ( spe$ :5 sudd5ly x roll$ ov] ^u its side 9 ! dit*4 ,no "o 0 hurt1 save ,davis1 :o 0 in/antly kill$4 ,x seem$ a /range caprice ( ,fate1 = al?\gh c>eful exam9ation 0 imm$iately made1 bo? ( ! eng9e & ( ! track1 no reason c\ld ev] be assign$ = ! accid5t4 ,9 t same ye>1 #ahca1 ! ,john ,bull1 :i* 0 built by ,george ,rob]t ,/eph5son ,company1 ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 9 ,engl&1 0 receiv$ 9 ,philadelphia = ! ,camd5 ,amboy ,railroad4 ,z long z ! locomotive cont9ues to s]ve ! railroad ! "n ( ,george ,/eph5son1 its inv5tor1 mu/ be indissolubly l9k$ ) x4 ,! ,john ,bull 0 easily ! mo/ fam\s ,/eph5son eng9e ev] s5t to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x has be5 %[n at all our great expositions1 & n[ occupies a position ( honor 9 ! great ,smi?sonian in/itution at ,wa%+ton4 ,( ^! e>ly eng9es1 :i* x 0 f\nd necess>y to br+ f ,engl&1 a volume once issu$ by ! ,rog]s ,locomotive ,works1 ( ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 has said3 ,^! locomotives 444 furni%$ ! types & patt]ns f :i* ^? :i* 7 aft]w>ds built "h 7 fa%ion$4 ,b ,am]ican designs soon began to dep>t f _! ,briti% prototypes1 & a process ( adaption to ! exi/+ conditions ( ! railroads 9 ?is c\ntry foll[$1 :i* aft]w>ds diff]5tiat$ ! ,am]ican locomotives m & m f ^? built 9 ,great ,brita94 ,a m>k$ feature ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,am]ican & ,engli% locomotives has be5 ! use ( a =w>d truck "u ! =m]4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ,engli% eng9es1 built = use on long /raight /ret*es ( l9e w\ld nev] h s]v$ on ! e>ly roads 9 ?is c\ntry ) _! /eep & curv+ r\tes ?r\gh ! m\nta9s4 ,s1 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ye> #ahca1 ,john ,b4 ,j]vis inv5t$ :at he call$ a new plan ( frame1 ) a be>+-c>riage = a locomotive eng9e = ! use ( ! ,mohawk ,hudson ,railroad1 9 :i* he introduc$ ! =w>d truck :i* is to-day a di/9ctive feature ( ,am]ican eng9es4 ,its effectiv5ess 0 at once recogniz$1 & its almo/ g5]al adoption imm$iately foll[$4 ,five ye>s lat]1 ,h5ry ,r4 ,campbell1 ( ,philadelphia1 _h pat5t$ 8 sy/em ( two driv+-:eels & a truck1 & ! di/9ctive type ( ,am]ican locomotive 0 born4 ,9 ! developm5t ( t peculi>ly successful type1 great names h be5 writt5 into ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican locomotive-build+--! names ( su* m5 z ,rog]s & ,w9ans & ,h9ckley & ,mason & ,brooks & ,mat?ias ,baldw9 & ,william ,norris2 ! la/ two bo? ( ,philadelphia4 ,norris1 aft] "s int]e/+ small] eng9es1 built ! ,george ,wa%+ton 9 #ahce4 ,?is eng9e 0 n "o :it less ?an a triumph4 ,x asc5d$ ! /eep plane ( ! ,columbia ,railroad 9 ,philadelphia1 a grade ( #g-a_/b p] c5t1 c>ry+ two pass5g] c>s 9 :i* 7 seat$ #ec p]sons4 ,x came to a /op on t grade & />t$ up aga9 by its own ef=ts4 ,aft] rea*+ ! summit1 ! eng9e 0 turn$ ar\nd & came d[n1 /opp+ once 9 its desc5t4 ,t 0 ! only "t t a locomotive ev] essay$ ! ,columbia plane1 & ! p]=mance ( ! ,george ,wa%+ton has n be5 attempt$ 9 all ^! ye>s save 9 ! case ( ,latrobe's tempor>y l9e at ,k+wood ,tunnel4 ,! ,engli% newspap]s ( t day ridicul$ ! exp]im5t1 pron\nc$ x a ,b>on ,mun*aus5 /ory1 yet 9 #ahci ,norris s5t an eng9e ov]seas t successfully climb$ ! !n fam\s ,lickey plane1 9 ,engl&4 ,aft] t he 0 besieg$ by =eign ord]s1 s5d+ #af ,am]ican locomotives to ,great ,brita9 9 #ahdj1 &1 dur+ ! next few ye>s1 #agj o!rs to ,france1 ,g]many1 ,prussia1 ,au/ria1 ,belgium1 ,italy1 & ,saxony4 ,william ,norris did 8 full "p 9 giv+ ,europe a measure ( respect = ! gr[+ nation across ! ,atlantic4 ,mat?ias ,baldw91 l ,ph9eas ,davis1 ( ,york1 0 a wat* mak] 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 life4 ,he liv$ long en\gh to lay ! f\ndation ( "o ( ! greate/ ( ,am]ican s+le indu/ries1 to give 8 "n to a firm t has c>ri$ ! fame ( ,am]ican locomotives ar\nd ! _w & kept x alive 9 e nation ( ! e>?4 ,baldw9's fir/ locomotive 0 built 9 #ahcb = ! ,philadelphia1 ,g]mant[n1 & ,norri/[n ,railroad2 & t x 0 a good locomotive is prov$ by ! fact t x p]=m$ tw5ty ye>s ( fai?ful s]vice ^u t l9e4 ,8 second eng9e1 built two ye>s lat]1 w5t s\? to t fam\s old ,*>le/on ,hamburg ,company4 ,aft] t 8 works 7 regul>ly e/abli%$1 _! head to give 8 pati5ce & untir+ g5ius to ! p]fect+ ( ! locomotive4 ,! hi/ory ( ,baldw9 locomotives is1 9 an important s5se1 ! hi/ory ( ! indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x 0 n long be=e ! pione] eng9es 7 consid]$ too small = mu* practical value1 & ,mr4 ,baldw9 0 build+ a mu* bigg] locomotive = ! ,v]mont ,c5tral ,railroad4 ,?is eng9e1 nam$ ! ,gov]nor ,pa9e = a fam\s executive ( t ,/ate1 0 deliv]$ 9 #ahdh1 & = x 0 paid ! unprec$5t$ price ( #aj1jjj4 ,x _h a pair ( driv+-:eels1 six & "o-half feet 9 diamet] plac$ j back ( ! fire-box1 a slightly small] pair be+ plac$ =w>d4 ,baldw9 mu/ h giv5 full value1 = x is relat$ t ! eng9e c\ld be />t$ f a /ate ( re/ & run a mile 9 =ty-?ree seconds4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ord]$ ?ree ( ! same sort1 & "o ( ^! once haul$ a special tra9 c>ry+ ,presid5t ,za*>y ,taylor at sixty miles an h\r4 ,9 weight1 ! locomotive 0 /eadily increas+4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ^! eng9es weigh$ f f\r to sev5 tons ea*2 by ! late =ties eng9es ( tw5ty-five tons ea* 7 be+ built = ! ,read+ ,road1 & ^! 7 reg>d$ z mon/]s4 ,ye> by ye> ! locomotive 0 be+ p]fect$ 9 all its details4 ,! cab made its appe>ance & 0 fir/ oppos$ by ! eng9e]s1 :o imag9$ t !y w\ld be badly p5n$ 91 9 case ( accid5t4 ,! ,erie contribut$ ! bell-rope signal f ! tra92 we h already he>d ( t fir/ :i/le on ! locomotive ( ! ,s&usky & ,mad ,riv] ,railroad4 ,! ,bo/on ,worce/] devis$ ! headlight1 s t "t might be sav$ by h&l+ freight at night4 ,m important ?an ^! 7 ! exp]im5ts by ,ross ,w9ans & by ,s4 ,m4 ,felton t l$ to ! sub/itution ( coal = wood z a fuel1 & ! developm5t by ,rog]s at 8 ,pat]son works ( ! l9k device1 s necess>y 9 /opp+1 />t+1 & rev]s+ ! locomotive4 ,gradually ! size ( ! locomotive increas$ to #bh & #cj tons 9 ! late fifties4 ,f9ally ,james ,milholl&1 eng9e] ( ma*9]y = ! ,philadelphia ,read+ ,railroad1 built 9 #ahfc a pu%] eng9e = coal tra9s t weigh$ some?+ ov] #ej tons4 ,:5 folk saw t eng9e !y almo/ gasp$1 & wond]$ :at ! railroads 7 com+ to4 ,b ! wis] m5 kept sil5t4 ,!y knew t z long z bridges & roadb$s & f9e /eel rails 7 increas$ 9 /r5g?1 ! limit ( size ( ! locomotive _h n be5 rea*$4 ,! great] grip ! locomotive has ^u ! rail1 ! great] its pull+ p[]1 ! great] its effici5cy4 ,%e] weight1 & weight alone1 gives t grip4 ,x c]ta9ly takes a weight ( sev5 tons to give a grip ( "o ton ^u a dry rail2 9 ! case ( wet rails ?is ratio becomes t5 to "o4 ,!n wond] n t ! locomotive /eadily increas$ 9 size1 t ! ,moguls ) six driv+-:eels1 & ! ,consolidations ) eight1 came into vogue a few ye>s aft] ! close ( ! w>1 & t ^! kept increas+ 9 weight all ! :ile4 ,height & wid? 7 & /ill are rigidly limit$ by ! cle>ance ( ! l9e4 ,! locomotive mu/ /& no m ?an f\rte5 or sixte5 feet high & f n9e to elev5 feet wide2 9 l5g? ! problem only meets ! g5ius ( ! design]4 ,b x is altoge!r possible t ! limit ( ! size ( ! locomotive w\ld h be5 rea*$ long ago if x _h n be5 = ! com+ ( ! air-brake4 ,?is mo/ important assurance ( ! safety ( ! railroad pass5g] came into its be+ 9 #ahfi1 :5 ,george ,we/+h\se1 its inv5tor1 0 p]mitt$ to try x on a ,panh&le tra94 ,f ! beg9n+ ( railroads ! necessity = brakes 0 app>5t1 & 9 #ahcc ,rob]t ,/eph5son pat5t$ a /eam brake = ! driv+-:eels4 ,t same brake1 ) compress$ air sub/itut$ = /eam1 is ess5tially ! ,we/+h\se device ( to-day4 ,b ,we/+h\se made ! air d ! "w ( /eam4 ,aft] he _h develop$ ! idea he (f]$ x to lead+ ,ea/]n railroads1 b !y "o & all decl9$ x4 ,f9ally1 he 0 p]mitt$ to place x on a ,panh&le tra91 full assurance hav+ be5 giv5 to ! railroad (ficials t he w\ld be p]sonally responsible = any injury done to _! equipm5t4 ,f\r c>s & an eng9e 7 fitt$ ) ! new device & ! tra9 />t$ =? f ,pittsburgh to ,/eub5ville4 ,on ! way its progress 0 halt$ by a f>m wagon :i* 0 caught 9 ! rail at a highway cross+4 ,! eng9e] :i/l$ = ! h&brakes 9 ! good old-fa%ion$ way b he knew t he 0 too late4 ,!n he ?\ght ( ! air-brake4 ,he _h little fai? 9 ! contraption1 b he gave its h&le a wr5* & ! tra9 /opp$ t5 feet f ! wagon4 ,sev]al lives 7 sav$ & ! air-brake 0 prov54 ,f t day =? x 0 simply a "q ( develop+ ! device to its fulle/ possibility1 & ,mr4 ,we/+h\se has prov$ himself able to d t v ?+4 ,! air-brake 0 a fact4 ,/eel _h come into use = axles1 driv+-:eel tires1 frames1 & e o!r vital or be>+ "p ( ! locomotive2 & ! design]s 7 aga9 increas+ its size4 ,!y pass$ ! ,consolidation & built ! ,ma/odon4 ,^! 7 freight]s--ea* ) t5 driv]s--driv]s ) trem5d\s gripp+ =ce4 ,!y w5t ?r\gh :at ,m4 ,n4 ,=ney has call$ a p]iod ( adolesc5ce 9 railroad progress1 & 9 t p]iod !y exp]im5t$ ) huge driv+-:eels only to disc>d !m once aga94 ,!n !y built bigg] eng9es ?an ev5 ! ,ma/odon2 ! ,decapod1 ) twelve driv+-:eels2 ! ,el ,gob]nador :i* 0 built by ! ,s\!rn ,pacific at its ,sacram5to %ops 9 #ahhd1 weigh+1 ) eng9e & t5d] fully equipp$1 #aac tons4 ,/ill ! locomotive gr[s & its prog5itors talk ( ! #ejj-ton ma*9e4 ,!y h rec5tly built ! ,mallet articulat$ comp\nd1 :i* because ( its v great weight has spl5did gripp+ =ce & is especially adapt$ = pu%+-s]vice on heavy grades4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio1 ! ,erie1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 ! ,great ,nor!rn1 & ! ,santa ,fe h already become committ$ to ?is type ( eng9e4 ,! ,am]ican locomotive ,company has j complet$ = ! ,delaw>e ,hudson sev]al ,mallet articulat$ comp\nds t are among ! mo/ p[]ful locomotives yet con/ruct$4 ,!y 7 design$ = pu%] s]vice1 on heavy grades1 nor? f ,c>bondale on ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,d4 ,h41 :i* av]age f 4#ha to #a4cf p] c5t4 ,up to rec5tly ! heavy nor?b\nd coal traffic up ^! grades has be5 h&l$ by ! use ( two heavy pu%] eng9es4 ,a s+le "o ( ! new ,mallets w d ! "w ( ! two pu%]s1 & !re9 lies ! economy 9 _! use4 ,^! new giants are1 9 op]ation1 two #h-:eel eng9es1 ) individual cyl9d]s1 /eam *e/s & supplies f a s+le boil] & fire-box4 ,! gripp+ p[] ( #af driv+-:eels "u ! enorm\s weight ( #bbc tons c be imag9$2 ! design]s e/imate x at ! high figure ( =ty-?ree tons4 ,! exceptional l5g? ( ^! mon/] eng9es--a fraction ov] n9ety feet--is c>ri$ ar\nd ! curves ( m\nta9\s l9es by an +5i\s jo9t 9 _! solid /eel frames4 ,?is !n is only ! late/ ( ,am]ican eng9es2 b n q ! bigge/1 = ! ,topeka %ops ( ! ,santa ,fe ,railroad claim t honor ) _! new ,mallets1 ea* #aba feet long & weigh+ complete #haj1jjj p\nds4 ,! #ejj-ton locomotive does n seem s v f> away :5 "o comes to consid] ! ,santa ,fe giants4 ,^! eng9es1 :i* are op]at$ 9 pu%+ freights ov] ! heavy grades 9 ! ,s\?we/1 7 built f two ( ! ,santa ,fe's heavie/ freight eng9es4 ,!y op]ate ) equal facility 9 ei!r direction z !re is n a turntable 9 ! l& :i* w\ld come any:]e ne> accommodat+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,diamond-,,/ack ,,locomotives ,,us$ ,,on ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,sev5ties ,,prairie ,,type ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive ,,( ,,! ,,lake ,,%ore ,,pacific ,,type ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,atlantic ,,type ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive1 ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad ,,at ,,its ,,altoona ,,%ops ,illu/ration3 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,mallet ,,pu%+ ,,eng9es ,,( ,,! ,,delaw>e ,,hudson ,,company ,a ,,t5-,,:eel$ ,,swit*+ ,,locomotive ,,( ,,! ,,lake ,,%ore ,,suburban ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,consolidation ,,freight ,,locomotive ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,9 rec5t ye>s1 ! r graceful cu/om ( giv+ names to ! classification ( locomotives has be5 ext5d$ to ! pass5g] motive-p[]4 ,9 #ahie1 ! ,baldw9s creat$ ! ,atlantic type ( f\r-driv] locomotive = high-spe$ s]vice bo? on ! ,atlantic ,coa/ ,l9e & on ! ,atlantic ,city ,railroad1 f ,camd5 to ! ocean--& ! "n has /uck4 ,! ,brooks plant ( ! ,am]ican ,locomotive ,company at ,dunkirk simil>ly develop$ ! ,pacific type = pass5g] locomotives ) six driv]s in/ead ( f\r4 ,! ,prairie type 0 appropriately en\gh sponsor$ by ! ,burl+ton sy/em4 ,x is l ! ,pacific type save t ! =w>d or lead truck 7! ,engli%man w\ld bl&ly call x ! bogey7 has b two in/ead ( ! conv5tional f\r :eels4 ,y\r locomotive-build] is apt to be m sy/ematic ab\t ^! types ( eng9e1 & he falls back on :at is g5]ally kn[n z ,:yte's classification4 ,! basis ( ?is simple sy/em is 9 ! numb] ( :eels ( ! eng9e itself4 ,ea* type is describ$ by a s]ies ( ?ree numb]s1 ! fir/ ( ^! be+ ! numb] ( :eels 9 front ( ! driv]s1 ! second ! numb] ( driv]s1 & ! ?ird ! numb] ( :eels to ! re> ( ^!4 ,! eight-:eel ,am]ican type1 ! simple/ = illu/ration "h1 w\ld ?us be describ$ z #d-d-j4 ,! trail]1 :i* is describ$ by ! ?ird numb] 9 ?is s]ies1 is a rec5t addition to ! locomotive family 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x came f ! con/ant l5g!n+ ( ! fire-box1 due to ! necessity ( provid+ great] /eam-p[] = eng9es ( increas+ weight & cyl9d] capacity4 ,:5 ! fire-box began to ov]hang too f>1 ! trail]-:eels 7 introduc$1 & a device 0 affix$ to ! locomotive by :i* !y might receive its weight = hill-climb+ purposes4 ,?is la/ device has n prov$ p>ticul>ly successful4 ,b ! trail] itself has become a fix$ device 9 locomotive con/ruction4 ,:5 ! ?ird figure 9 ,:yte's classification is a cyph] x simply means t !re are no trail]s4 ,simil>ly ! fir/ figure a cyph]1 indicates ! abs5ce ( a =w>d truck or ev5 :eels1 :i* is common 9 "s =ms ( swit*-eng9es1 :]e ! weight is entirely conc5trat$ on ! driv]s = bett] gripp+ p[] ^u ! rail4 ,su*1 9 brief1 is ! developm5t ( ! locomotive4 ,x has be5 developm5t r ?an *ange1 = :ile "s design]s h frett$ ab\t :e!r ! eng9e's cab %\ld be 9 ! middle ( ! boil] or at its end & o!rs h rec5tly develop$ ! ,wal%e>t ge>s ^u ! outside ( ! eng9e frame1 :]e x is ( easi] access ?an ! old-/yle l9ks1 ! g5]al design ( ! iron-horse rema9s practically ! same z t giv5 x by our gr&-daddies4 ,!y plann$ c>efully & !y plann$ = ! long ye>s4 ,! ess5tial features ( _! designs h n be5 que/ion$4 ,x has simply be5 a problem ( gr[?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f out ( ! fi]y womb ( /eel comes ! locomotive4 ,if y w\ld bett] und]/& ! iron horse1 f9d y\r way to any ( ! great plants 9 :i* he is be+ built4 ,beg9 at ! beg9n+ 9 a factory1 :i* seems1 ) doz5s ( %ops & great y>ds1 to be almo/ a m9iature city4 ,beg9 at ! draught+-rooms :]e ea* locomotive is giv5 a :ole l$g] page--sometimes two or ?ree--= specifications4 ,f ^? specifications1 ! "y draughtsm5 take _! in/ructions4 ,!y "w out _! *>ts & elevations1 _! detail$ plans2 & ! ink is h>dly dry ^u _! draw+s be=e !y are be+ :isk$ away to ! bluepr9t rooms4 ,! bluepr9ts are /ill damp1 :5 9 turn !y are hurri$ to ! diff]5t con/ruction %ops ( ! plant4 ,y see ^! %ops1 "o by "o1 9 c>e ( an exp]t guide4 ,y see ! wood5 patt]ns go+ to ! bla/ furnaces at ! f\ndries & to ! sull5 tapp+s ( ! trip-hamm]s4 ,y leave ! blacksmi?s & /& = a mom5t--n long--"u ! t]rific d9 ( ! boil]-mak]s4 ,! boil]1 ! great trunk ( ! locomotive1 is built ( /eel plate--plate t is ! v pride ( ! roll+-mills4 ,9 "s =eign l&s1 copp] fire-boxes are dem&$2 b ! real ,am]ican locomotive has ^! also ( /eel4 ,! /eel plates are roll$ to =m ! boil] itself1 flang$ by angle-work]s into ! squ>e fire-box4 ,f9ally ! boil] & ! fire-box are rivet$ toge!r1 section by section--made z fa/ by /eel ?read z man's +5uity c make !m4 ,toge!r !y =m a unit4 ,ano!r unit is be+ =m$ 9 an adjac5t %op1 ! solidly weld$ /eel frame 9 :i* ! boil] %all yet set1 & to :i* truck & driv]s w be firmly fa/5$4 ,=w>d on ?is frame w sit ! cyl9d]s2 9 ano!r corn] ( ?is %op !y are be+ made ready4 ,ca/-iron /ill rema9s ! be/ mat]ial = ! cyl9d]s & ! /eam-*e/s4 ,^! are ca/ 9 "o piece & ! rule holds good :]e !re are two cyl9d]s1 z 9 ! case ( ! comp\nds4 ,! cyl9d]s1 & /eam-*e/ = "o side & half ! saddle ( ! locomotive1 ^u :i* ! =w>d end ( ! boil] re/s1 are n[adays g5]ally made 9 a s+le ca/+4 ,aft] t x is a simple en\gh matt] to smoo? d[n ! out] surface1 bore ! cyl9d]s to p]fect surfac+1 & l9e ! /eam-*e/s ) a bu%+ t c be readily remov$ once x is worn out4 ,! driv+-:eels are an important detail ( ! con/ruction ( ! locomotive4 ,!y are made 9 r\gh ca/+s--( /eel = fa/ pass5g] eng9es1 & ( iron = o!r =ms ( motive p[]--& are !n made true 9 giant la!s4 ,! /eel tires are %runk on ! :eels1 a "w ( a/\nd+ nicety2 & 9 turn ! :eels !mselves are heat$ & %runk ^u ! axles--( ! be/ /eel t man c =ge4 ,to place ^! :eels ^u ! axles is hair-l9e "w4 ,a #i-;in* hub receives an axle j #h4igc in*es--no m1 no less--9 diamet]4 ,x is key$ & !n "u ! slight expansion ( a g5tle heat x is ramm$ ^u ! axle-end4 ,x goes on to /ay1 & /ay x mu/4 ,f all ^! %ops1 a busy indu/rial railroad br+s ! diff]5t p>ts to ! great & busy hall ( ! erect+-%op1 a va/ place ( va/ di/ances & fill$ always ) ! noisy clatt] ( great indu/ry4 ,"h ! diff]5t p>ts1 :i* h be5 c>efully built by skill$ artisans1 are assembl$ into ! f9i%$ :ole4 ,! cyl9d]s & saddle-halves are plac$ & firmly rivet$ toge!r4 ,into ! coll> ( t saddle a giant ov]head crane c>efully sets ! boil] & ! fire-box4 ,!y are quickly rivet$ to ! upp] flange ( ! saddle3 ! locomotive is com+ into a semblance ( itself4 ,! cab is fa/5$ into position2 !n ! boil]-mak]s desc5d ^u ! unf9i%$ eng9e & place ! #bjj or m flue-tubes t run f fire-box to smoke-box1 j und]nea? ! /ack4 ,!y make e tube & jo9t fa/--put into ! gr[+ locomotive all ! en]gy & all ! skill ( good workman%ip4 ,:5 !y are gone ! giant crane aga9 comes noiselessly d[n along ! ceil+4 ,x rea*es d[n1 grasps ! eng9e-trunk1 & sw+s x high al(t4 ,d[n !re1 re/+ on real railroad tracks1 are ! driv+-:eels & ! lead truck1 c>efully spac$ 9 anticipation4 ,! crane1 lift+ ! fifty tons ( boil] & frame ) no app>5t ef=t :atsoev]1 places its load squ>ely ^u ! :eels t are to c>ry x4 ,aga9 ! me*anics are busy2 ! eng9e is gr[+ into a solid unit4 ,^u _! heels foll[ te/]s1 m5 :o mu/ look = /eam or wat] leaks4 ,!y "w "u a te/ ( air1 c>ry+ light$ c&les into e nook & cranny ( ! giant4 ,if ! c&le flutt]s1 air is escap+1 & ! leak mu/ be f\nd4 ,f9ally comes ! report ,o4 ,k4 f ! te/+ crew4 ,! /acks1 ! /eam & s& domes1 & ! air-brakes are be+ made fa/4 ,! eng9e is hurri$ (f to ! pa9t-%op4 ,!re x may f9d its companion 9 life1 ! humble useful t5d] already await+ x4 ,x came direct f ! t5d] %op2 = ! app5dage ( ! locomotive is no long] a specially rigg$ flat-c> b a solid /eel plate con/ruction built to c>ry "s #i1jjj gallons ( wat] & ab\t #af tons ( coal4 ,only a little "t ago1 a ,new ,york]1 scion ( a weal?y & fam\s family ( railroad]s1 prov$ himself wor? 8 oats by design+ a t5d] ( great practicability & ( great economy ( con/ruction4 ,:5 ! eng9e em]ges f ! pa9t-%op x is gorge\s & refulg5t--brilliantly new4 ,unless x is go+ to =eign l&s1 :5 x mu/ be p>tly dismantl$ & crat$1 x w ride its own :eels to ! road :i* has pur*as$ x4 ,a /r+ ( new locomotives may be spr9kl$ ?r\gh a freight tra9--nev] c\pl$ toge!r--9 *>ge ( an inspector f ! locomotive company1 :o w bunk 9 "o ( ! cabs & nev] leave 8 *>ges until !y h be5 receipt$ =4 ,aft] t ! locomotive beg9s to b5d to ! "w = :i* he 0 creat$4 ,unless he is ( a v unusual sort or 0 built = "s v especial purpose1 he soon loses 8 id5tity4 ,! days are gone :5 locomotives 7 *ri/5$ aft] ! fa%ion ( %ips4 ,!re are too _m ( !m4 ,ea* is giv5 ! cold in=mality ( a numb]1 m>%all$ = s]vice 9 a mighty company4 ,c>s came z coroll>y to ! locomotive4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ! pass5g] coa*es 7 no?+ m or less ?an old-"t /age-coa*es :i* _h be5 set ^u :eels s flang$ z to enable !m to /ay ^u ! rail4 ,s x 0 t ! fir/ c>s built = ! railroad foll[$ /age-coa* models4 ,x 0 a practical necessity f ! fir/ to draw m ?an "o small coa* at a "t1 s ! c\pl+s & ! bump] devices came z a matt] ( developm5t4 ,!n came ! day :5 an aspir+ inv5tor gr\p$ sev]al /age-coa*es toge!r on a s+le rigid frame & he _h really develop$ a =m ( railroad coa*--a =m :i* our ,engli% & cont95tal c\s9s /ill cl+ fondly to1 9 despite ( its mo/ app>5t disadvantages4 ,f\r :eels quickly gave way to eight4 ,9 ! e>ly ?irties1 ,ross ,w9ans develop$ a d\ble-truck c> = use on ! ,baltimore ,ohio4 ,comp>$ ) any?+ t _h gone be=e x 0 c]ta9ly a pret5ti\s vehicle4 ,x 0 ?irty feet 9 l5g?1 f\r-:eel trucks be+ atta*$ at ! ends1 v mu* aft] ! pres5t fa%ion4 ,!re 7 seats on ! flat ro(1 :i* 7 rea*$ by a ladd] 9 ! corn]1 & ! c> itself 0 divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts4 ,a little lat] ,w9ans tore out ! cross p>titions 9 ! c> & introduc$ ! end doors & ! c5tre aisle1 ?us e/abli%+ ! ,am]ican pass5g] coa* ( to-day4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio manufactur$ a numb] ( ^! coa*es at its fam\s ,m\nt ,cl>e %ops4 ,!y 7 kn[n = ye>s z ! ,wa%+ton c>s1 probably because !y 7 ! fir/ run on ! ,wa%+ton bran*4 ,if ,w9ans _h be5 able to e/abli% 8 pat5t rights to ! d\ble-truck c> he might h reap$ a =tune f its royalties alone4 ,b :5 he w5t to ass]t 8 "r z an inv5tor1 x 0 discov]$ t ! idea 0 n absolutely new4 ,gridley ,bryant1 9 8 old ,qu9cy ,granite ,railroad1 j s\? ( ,bo/on1 _h us$ ! device 9 crude =m4 ,! f\r-:eel$ flat c>s :i* he _h employ$ 9 br++ /one f ! qu>ries d[n to ! dock 7 n long en\gh = granite slabs4 ,he _h met t em]g5cy by fa/5+ two ( !m toge!r ) c\pl+-r+s1 & ?us 9 a way _h creat$ ! eight-:eel c>4 ,s ,w9ans lo/ 8 pat5t al?\gh cr$it is giv5 him = hav+ really develop$ ! pass5g] c> ( to-day4 ,! =m1 once set1 came quickly into vogue4 ,9 a few ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 old-fa%ion$ g5tlem5 foll[$ ! e>ly ,engli% fa%ion ( hav+ _! private c>riages atta*$ to flat freight-c>s :5ev] !y w5t on railroad trips1 b ev5 ?is 0 a pass+ fad4 ,at t "t c>riages 7 no novelty1 & railroad c>s 74 ,!y 7 /uffy little affairs comp>$ ) ! coa*es ( to-day1 mis]ably light$ & heat$ & v5tilat$1 b ,am]icans 7 v pr\d ( !m4 ,! fa%ion t made e>ly locomotives gay ) color1 ) brass & burni%$ metals ( o!r sorts1 f\nd full scope ^u ! pass5g] c>s1 bo? inside & out4 ,!y 7 pannell$ & /rip$1 ornam5t$ & lett]$ to ! limit ( ! skill ( gift$ pa9t]s4 ,a coa*1 nam$ ! ,morris ,run1 on ! old ,tioga ,railroad1 :i* began runn+ s\? f ,elmira ab\t #ahdj1 0 decorat$ 9 r$ & gre5 & yell[ & blue & gilt & sev]al o!r colors4 ,x w\ld h made a mod]n circus b& wagon inconspicu\s4 ,b ! day came :5 ! brass />s & ! r$ /ack-b&s began to disappe> ) ! names f ! locomotives & 9 t day ! railroad c>s became subdu$ 9 color+s4 ,"s ( ! gay frescoes ( ! int]iors1 typical ( ! ta/e ( an e>li] day1 7 9 use )9 ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,:ile ! ,wa%+ton c>s set a type1 !re 0 mu* yet to be accompli%$ 9 ! developm5t bo? ( ! pass5g] coa* & ( ! freight c>1 & ?is mu* 0 *iefly 9 ! l9e ( ! developm5t ( safety devices4 ,! old-"t pass5g] rode 9 a v dec5t fe> ( 8 life4 ,sometimes a loos5$ end ( "o ( ! /rap rails w\ld come plung+ up ?r\gh ! flimsy floor ( ! coa* & impale "s un=tunate pass5g] ^u its end aga9/ ! ceil+2 o!r times ! c>s w\ld g roll+ (f ! banks & cra%+ into k9dl+-wood aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,!y 7 lightly built contrivances1 incapable ( /&+ any sort ( %ock or collision4 ,b improvem5ts came "o by "o--bett] devices = c\pl+ !m toge!r1 culm9at+ 9 ! mod]n automatic jaw c\pl]1 bett] fram+1 bett] plat=ms1 bett] trucks1 improv$ h&-brakes2 & aft] !m ! n[ univ]sal air-brakes made life saf] bo? = ! travell] & ! railroad employee4 ,f9ally came ! /eel-end ve/ibule2 & :]e c>s h be5 equipp$ ) ?is v com=table device1 telescop+ 9 collision1 a v common & disa/r\s accid5t 9 :i* "o c>-%ell envelop$ ano!r1 has be5 r5d]$ impossible4 ,! c>-plat=ms = _m ye>s rema9$ a m5ace & a problem4 ,an e>ly railroad 9 ,new ,j]sey s\ght to emphasize _! dang] by pa9t+ on an inn] panel ( ea* c>-door a picture ( a newly made grave1 surm\nt$ by a tomb/one1 on :i* 0 inscrib$3 ,sacr$ to ! memory ( a man :o /ood ^u a plat=m4 ,! railroad us$ e me?od to keep its pass5g]s (f ! plat=ms at fir/4 ,aft]w>ds !y began to enc\rage x & to devise means to promote a g5]al int]c\rse betwe5 ! c>s4 ,! d9+-c>1 ( :i* mu* m 9 ano!r *apt]1 0 a prime factor 9 ?is *ange ( attitude on ! "p ( railroad (fic]s4 ,its use necessitat$ pass5g]s go+ ! l5g? ( ! tra91 a movem5t :i*1 9 itself1 0 facilitat$ by ! ma9 design ( ,am]ican c>s1 z diff]5tiat$ f ^? ( ,engli% railroads4 ,:5 ! ,engli% roads began ! univ]sal use ( d9+-c>s !y _h to revamp ! entire plan ( _! c> con/ruction & produce :at are /ill kn[n across ! ,atlantic z corridor tra9s4 ,to make su* communication safe1 ,george ,m4 ,pullman1 ! sleep+-c> man1 set =? to devise a plat=m protection4 ,back 9 ! fifties !re _h be5 some?+ ( ! sort on ! old ,naugatuck ,railroad 9 ,connecticut1 r\gh canvas curta9s enclos+ ! plat=ms2 b ^! _h be5 built to facilitate c> v5tilation1 & fail+ 9 ?is1 !y 7 ab&on$ aft] ?ree or f\r ye>s ( trial4 ,pullman did bett]4 ,he devis$ a plat=m enclosure ( fold+ doors & plac$ a /eel frame at ! end ( 8 ve/ibule t did m ?an m]ely protect pass5g]s f ! /ress ( wea!r2 ^!1 ( c\rse1 !n s]v$ z effective anti-telescop+ devices4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad began ! use ( ^! ve/ibules 9 #ahhf & !y 7 soon univ]sally adopt$ by ,am]ican railroads on _! fa/ ?r\gh tra9s4 ,aft] t a bett] ve/ibule 0 devis$ by ,col4 ,w4 ,d4 ,mann1 "o t ext5d$ ! full wid? ( ! c>4 ,9 fact ! plat=m ( ! c> _h practically ceas$ to exi/1 ! /ructure be+ full-fram$ to include its entrances at bo? ends4 ,aft] ! ve/ibule came ! /eel c>1 introduc$ )9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s = freight s]vice1 & )9 ! pa/ five or six = pass5g] equipm5t4 ,x has ev]y?+ to comm5d x1 save a slightly increas$ orig9al co/1 :i* is m ?an comp5sat$ by economy ( ma9t5ance1 to say no?+ ( ! intangible b c]ta9 rais$ factor ( safety4 ,x is to become univ]sal2 ! wood5 c> w become ext9ct ^u ,am]ican railroads almo/ z soon z ! pres5t equipm5t is worn out & s5t to ! scrap-heap4 ,( ! =ms & v>ieties ( railroad pass5g] coa*es !re are _m1 & ^! w be describ$ :5 we come to consid] 9 a lat] *apt] ! luxury ( mod]n railroad travel4 ,b ! v>iety ( pass5g] equipm5t q pales be=e t ( ! freight s]vice4 ,flat-c>s1 coal-c>s1 box-c>s1 gra9-c>s1 live-/ock c>s--! li/ runs on into catalogue =m4 ,!re are refrig]ator c>s t are kept fill$ ) salt & ice or ice alone1 precool$ c>s t are m]ely kept air-tight1 & v5tilator c>s employ+ a di/9ct rev]se ( t me?od2 & up 9 nor!rn climates !re are heat]-c>s :i* are kept w>m by lamps or by /oves & :i* are us$ = ! transportation ( fre% fruit & vegetables 9 w9t] j z ! refrig]ator-c>s & ! precool$ c>s are us$ = t same purpose 9 summ]4 ,almo/ all ! safety devices t h be5 add$ to ! runn+-ge> ( ! pass5g] equipm5t h be5 add$ to ! freight equipm5t also1 to ! great safety & peace ( m9d ( ! railroad employee4 ,! c> itself rema9s ! simple ess5tial ( ! v beg9n+s ( ! railroad4 ,its *ange has be5 a *ange 9 size1 9 weight1 & 9 /r5g?4 ,! fir/ freight c>s ( ! v old railroad at ,mau* ,*unk weigh$ #a1fjj p\nds ea*1 & 7 p]mitt$ to c>ry a weight or burd5 ( only #c1bjj p\nds4 ,:5 ! ,bo/on ,albany fir/ began us+ freight c>s #cj feet long1 x 0 s confus$ t x gave ea* end ( ! c> a sep>ate numb] = conv5i5ce 9 bill+ & designat+ consignm5ts4 ,n[adays #dj tons is ! "r load = an effici5t c>1 al?\gh !y g z high z #ee & #fj tons' capacity2 ! c> itself may weigh approximately half t figure4 ,freight c>s by hundr$s ( ?\s&s g bump+ all ov] ! diff]5t railroads ( ! l&1 & all ! :ile !y are gett+ bump$ & brok5 9 accid5ts--l>ge & small4 ,9 su* cases !y are haul$ to ! ne>e/ %op ( ! railroad ^u :i* !y are travell+ & !re repair$ at ! co/ ( ! road t owns !m4 ,9 e>li] days1 ! job ( ma/] me*anic 0 no s9ecure1 = ea* road built its c>s ^u its own plans & no two ( ^! plans 7 alike4 ,a simple brok5 "p necessitat$ ! manufacture ( a new "p4 ,x 0 a matt] ( great confusion & exp5sive to e l9e4 ,! organization ( ! ,ma/] ,c> ,build]s1 9 #ahfg1 solv$ t problem4 ,?is organization1 ?r\gh committee1 made fir/ ! freight c> /&>d & !n ! pass5g] /&>d4 ,axles1 bolts1 k+-p9s--e "o ( ! intricate c>-p>ts--7 br\ght to /&>d & numb]$ sizes4 ,aft] t all t a ma/] me*anic _h to d 0 to keep an assortm5t ( /&>d c> p>ts 9 8 /ore-room1 & he c\ld make reasonable repairs to any c> t travell$ rails4 ,! /&>dization has gone /eadily =w>d ye> by ye>2 x has includ$ a v>iety ( ?+s1 ev5 su* details z sy/ematic numb]+ & lett]+ ( c>s4 ,x is "o ( ! evid5ces ( ! con/ant bett]+ ( ! ,am]ican railroad1 ! /eady ef=t to br+ x to an economical & sci5tific basis4 ,rec5tly "s ( ! railroads h made intellig5t exp]im5ts1 seek+ to devise a vehicle t %\ld be bo? locomotive & c>1 & t %\ld be especially adapt$ = small side-l9es1 :]e traffic runs exce$+ly light4 ,"s success has be5 f\nd 9 ! use ( a pass5g] coa*1 into :i* a gasol5e eng9e has be5 introduc$1 & sev]al ( ^! c>s are 9 regul> use 9 ! ,we/4 ,two or ?ree ( !m h be5 employ$ = ?ree or f\r ye>s on ,union ,pacific bran*es 9 & ar\nd ,d5v]4 ,!y r5d] a possible solution = "o railroad problem--! problem ( provid+ suffici5t s]vice = "s bran* :]e local traffic is slight4 ,! gasol5e c> requires b two m51 z aga9/ a m9imum crew ( five m5 = ev5 ! smalle/ /eam pass5g] tra94 ,x c be quickly h&l$1 w make _m successive /ops readily1 & g5]ally provides an effici5t addition to ! regul> pass5g] equipm5t4 ,a few ye>s ago x w\ld h giv5 ! /&>d /eam railroads an excell5t weapon aga9/ ! con/ant encroa*m5ts ( p>allel+ electric roads ?r\gh _! good pass5g] traffic di/ricts2 ev5 to-day x (f]s a possible solution ( ! difficult problem ( ! v small bran* side-l9es4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,rebuild+ ,a ,,railroad ,,recon/ruction ,,necess>y ,,9 ,,_m ,,cases--,,old ,,grades ,,too ,,heavy--,,curves ,,/raight5$--,,tunnels ,,avoid$--,,^! ,,improvem5ts ,,requir$ ,,especially ,,by ,,freight ,,l9es4 ,to ! op]at+ heads ( ! great railroad sy/ems1 rebuild+ a l9e is to-day a f> m important problem ?an ! build+ ( new r\tes4 ,! c\ntry has gr[n--gr[n 9 weal?1 among o!r ?+s4 ,! causes t dem&$ ! v greate/ economy 9 ! build+ ( e>ly railroad l9es no long] exi/4 ,! hill t ! e>ly eng9e] c>efully r\nd$ ) 8 l9e is n[ pi]c$ )\t a second ?\ght4 ,grades t 7 once deem$ slight are n[ class$ z impossible4 ,! almo/ inf9ite developm5t 9 ! op]ation ( ! railroad has se5 ! grade or ! curve1 n z a slight matt]1 b z a matt] :i*1 h[ev] slight 9 a s+le in/ance1 becomes 9 ! c\rse ( con/ant op]ation a heavy op]at+ exp5se4 ,to-day ! op]at+ folk ( ! big railroads are c\nt+ ! p5nies :]e !y c\ntlessly multiply 9 ^! fa%ions2 x is "o ( ! greate/ factors 9 ! gr9d+ op]ation competition betwe5 ! great railroad sy/ems ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is all q z x %\ld be4 ,! e>ly build]s did ! be/ t !y might d ) ! opportunities t 7 !irs4 ,!y got ! railroad ?r\gh4 ,x develop$ weal? = itself1 z well z = ! t]ritory x s]v$2 & ) t weal? x is enabl$ 9 ^! pip+ days ( peace & pl5ty to correct ! alignm5t errors ( ! e>ly build]s4 ,moreov]1 !re are frequ5t cases :]e ! /eady increase ( traffic has r5d]$ x necess>y = a railroad to p>allel its trunks ) new l9es1 q aside f ! consid]ation ( grade & curve4 ,z f> back z ! e>ly fifties ?is great "w ( rebuild+ ! trunk-l9e railroads 0 begun4 ,c]ta9 s]i\s errors 9 ! orig9al alignm5t ( ! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad betwe5 ,baltimore & ! ,potomac ,riv] 7 correct$1 ev5 ?\gh at a consid]able exp5se4 ,z "t w5t on1 o!r railroads cont9u$ ?is correction "w4 ,x is /ill be+ prosecut$ ea/ & we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,t5 million doll>s1 fifty million doll>s1 looks l a lot ( money to ! /ockhold]s ( any company1 :5 _! presid5t tells !m t ?is is to be ! co/ ( ?is new relief l9e1 ?is recon/ruction1 t cut-(f2 b :at is #a1jjj1jjj :5 x is go+ to save m ?an #ajj1jjj a ye> 9 ! op]ation ( y\r railroad8 ,x is ! big sight ( ! big situation t ! railroads make n[adays at ?is recon/ruction "w4 ,mr4 ,h>riman1 ) 8 transcont95tals f ! ,mississippi wat]%$s we/1 0 almo/ ! pione] 9 ?is "w ( :olesale recon/ruction4 ,! :olesale op]at+ b5efits t h result$ f x 9 ! case ( 8 gr\p ( ,pacifics h be5 l>gely responsible = 8 prem95ce 9 ! railroad _w4 ,& yet1 once 8 me?od 0 tri$1 x all seem$ simpl] ?an ,a1 ,b1 ,c4 ,take ! case ( ! ,luc9 cut-(f on 8 ,s\!rn ,pacific4 ,:5 ! ,union ,pacific 0 be+ pu%$ across ! pla9s & ?read$ ov] ! ,rockies & ! ,si]ras1 ! ,great ,salt ,lake ( ,utah lay directly 9 its pa?4 ,! railroad did ! obvi\s ?+ & c>efully made a det\r ar\nd ! lake4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,h>riman took ov] ! ,union ,pacific1 !n 9 a /ate ( physical decad5ce1 & l9k$ x ) 8 ,s\!rn ,pacific1 & survey$ ! situation c>efully1 he decre$ t ! ,great ,salt ,lake %\ld no long] cause a trunk-l9e railroad to d\ble 9 its pa?4 ,he caus$ a l9e to be survey$ direct across ! m>%y lake f ,ogd5 to ,luc9 & :5 t 0 done he _h a l9e--on pap]--#ajc miles long z aga9/ #adg miles by ! old l9e4 ,! eng9e] hesitat$1 b ,h>riman urg$ & !y c\rage\sly began ! con/ruction ( miles & miles ( embankm5t & ( tre/le4 ,!n new difficulties arose4 ,s9k-holes develop$4 ,9 a few m9utes /ructures t _h be5 ! "w ( long mon?s sil5tly disappe>$4 ,! eng9e]s 9 *>ge came to ,h>riman4 ,x is n possible1 !y told him4 ,y mu/ c>ry x ?r\gh :e!r x is possible or n1 ,h>riman repli$4 ,ev5tually !y c>ri$ x ?r\gh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 x 0 done1 ! ,union ,pacific _h n only %ort5$ its transcont95tal l9e #dd miles1 b x _h elim9at$ m ?an #a1ejj feet ( heavy grade & #c1iai degrees ( curvature4 ,an op]at+ economy ( betwe5 #ijj1jjj & #a1jjj1jjj a ye> _h be5 effect$ & ! /ockhold]s ( ! company _h a good inve/m5t = ! #aj1jjj1jjj t ! ,luc9 cut-(f _h co/ !m4 ,nor 0 t all on ! ,union ,pacific4 ,on o!r sections ( its ma9 l9e simil> recon/ruction "w has add$ to ! economy ( op]ation by millions ( doll>s ea* ye>4 ,= tw5ty miles we/ f ,omaha1 :]e ! old hi/oric transcont95tal =m]ly dipp$ s\? to avoid a s]ies ( undulat+ hills1 ! new ,lane cut-(f cuts squ>ely across !m--#bj miles ( deep cuts & heavy fills--heavy railroad1 z ! eng9e]s l to put x4 ,& aga91 :]e ! old l9e twi/$ & w\nd itself ov] ! ,black ,hills1 & wobbl$ un/eadily ?r\gh ,wyom+1 ! recon/ruction eng9e]s press$ _! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:]e ,,h>riman ,,/ret*$ ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,pacific ,,9 ,a ,,/raight ,,l9e ,,across ,,! ,,great ,,salt ,,lake ,illu/ration3 ,,l9e ,,revision ,,on ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral--,,tunnell+ ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,bases ,,( ,,^! ,,jutt+ ,,peaks ,,along ,,! ,,hudson ,,riv] ,,does ,,away ,,) ,,%>p ,,& ,,dang]\s ,,curves ,illu/ration3 ,,impressive ,,grade ,,revision ,,on ,,! ,,union ,,pacific ,,9 ,,! ,,black ,,hills ,,( ,,wyom+4 ,,! ,,disc>d$ ,,l9e ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,at ,,! ,,"r ,x is n g5]ally und]/ood t ! summit ( ! ,union ,pacific is 9 ! ,black ,hills1 :i* are ! fir/ foo?ill range ( ! ,rockies1 r ?an 9 ! m\nta9 cre/ beyond4 ,! ,black ,hills h always be5 a baffl+ proposition1 ) _! %ort1 /eep slopes4 ,! eng9e]s wr9kl$ _! br[s at ! ?\ght ( correct+ ! old l9e ?r\gh !re1 b ,h>riman simply said t !y mu/1 t ! bo>d--:i* meant ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman himself--_h direct$ t #bdg feet be cut f ! road's cre/ !re2 & #bdg feet1 almo/ to ! in*1 0 cut4 ,x took giant fills & embankm5ts & an army ( m5 b ! grades 7 br\ght to a m9imum = a ,rocky ,m\nta9 /ret*4 ,wood5 tre/les1 old & af=d+ a con/ant fire-risk1 7 swall[$ up 9 embankm5ts2 a s+le slice ?r\gh a hill-top1 a qu>t] ( a mile long & eighty feet deep1 did its "p 9 r$uc+ ! grades2 antiquat$ c>s disappe>$ be=e equipm5t ( ! mod]n class2 dilapidat$ %anties 7 supplant$ by f9e1 p]man5t railroad /ations4 ,! new ,union ,pacific is a monum5t to ! recon/ruction eng9e]--& to ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman4 ,! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 :ile trav]s+ b "o small nor!a/]n corn] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is ess5tially an ,am]ican railroad1 bo? 9 equipm5t & 9 op]ation4 ,x =ms an important half ( t all-,briti% ,r$ ,l9e encircl+ ! globe1 ( :i* any ,engli%man is s v pr\d4 ,:5 ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway 0 complet+ its la/ l9k 9 ?is unbrok5 l9e ( rails f ,/4 ,john1 ,n4 ,b41 & ,montreal1 to ,vanc\v]1 ! "q ( grades 0 inde$ a second>y "o4 ,! vital ?+ 0 to cut ! l9e ?r\gh1 & to t end great sacrifices ( grade effici5cy 7 made4 ,s t :5 ! l9e 0 ?r\gh1 & ! fir/ ,imp]ial ,limit$ 0 mak+ its way f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific ov] a s+le railroad sy/em1 x 0 inde$ a l9e ) /ructural defects4 ,at "o po9t--! fam\s ,big ,hill1 ne> ,field1 ,alta4--9 ord] to ov]come ! /eep ,rocky ,m\nta9 climbs1 x 0 necess>y to use f f\r to six eng9es = comp>atively light freight & pass5g] tra9s4 ,& at t1 x 0 difficult to atta9 a spe$ ( m ?an f\r or five miles an h\r4 ,)9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s1 ?is fe>ful grade has be5 correct$ by ! v fir/ spiral tunnels ev] built ^u ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,spiral tunnel con/ruction ( ?is k9d is n new4 ,x has be5 us$ ) rem>kable success by ! railroads ( ,cont95tal ,europe1 9 pi]c+ ! ,high-,alp9e b\nd>ies betwe5 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ,italy4 ,com+ f ! ea/ on ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 ! tra9 fir/ ent]s ! spiral tunnel--!y call x ! corkscrew out 9 ,alb]ta--"u ,ca!dral ,m\nta94 ,?is fir/ bore is "s #c1bjj feet 9 l5g?4 ,em]g+ f x1 ! tra9 runs back ea/ across ! ,kick+ ,horse ,riv]1 !n ent]s ! ea/]n spiral tunnel1 & aft] describ+ an elliptic curve1 em]ges1 & aga9 crosses ! ,kick+ ,horse we/w>d4 ,?is :ole ?+ is a p]fect maze--! railroad d\bl+ back ^u itself twice1 tunnell+ "u two m\nta9s1 & cross+ ! riv] twice 9 ord] to cut d[n ! grade4 ,! "w co/ #a1ejj1jjj4 ,! m]e co/ ( ! explosives came to ov] #bej1jjj4 ,x 0 "o ( ! really great tunnel jobs ( ! _w4 ,yet despite ! complicat$ "w caus$ by ! spiral %ape ( ! tunnels1 !y met exactly4 ,! wor? ( ! ?+ to ! ,canadian ,pacific is %[n 9 ! fact t ^? same tra9s t =m]ly requir$ f\r to six eng9es1 are n[ h&l$ easily ov] ?is ,big-,hill grade ) b two eng9es1 & at a spe$ ( ab\t tw5ty-five miles an h\r4 ,o!r railroads by ! doz51 ^: l9es trav]se m\nta9\s or ev5 hilly c\ntry1 are engag$ 9 ?is proposition ( l[]+ _! grades4 ,f4 ,d4 ,und]wood1 presid5t ( ! ,erie1 & kn[n z "o ( ! able/ op]at+ heads 9 ?is c\ntry1 has be5 engag$ 9 cutt+ (f "s ( ! heavy hill-climbs on t old-"t r\te f ! seabo>d to ! lakes4 ,und]wood has already se5 ,erie's hopes ( success 9 develop+ ! prop]ty z ess5tially a freight] & = ! imm$iate improvem5t ( t portion ( its facilities he has built ?ree new relief l9es1 a small /ret* ne> ,*autauqua ,lake 9 we/]n ,new ,york1 & !n ?r\gh ! upp] ,g5esee ,valley1 ! ?ird & mo/ important ea/w>d f a po9t ne> ,port ,j]vis & pi]c+ ! summit ( ! ,%awangunk ,m\nta9s4 ,! l9e ?r\gh ! ,g5esee ,valley ext5ds f ,hunts1 on ! ,buffalo division1 ab\t #bj miles we/ ( ,hornell1 to ,h9sdale on ! ma9 l9e1 & is #cc miles long4 ,x cuts (f a heavy grade betwe5 ,hornell & ,h9sdale on ! ma9 l9e--a little ov] "o p] c5t--= bo? ea/-b\nd & we/-b\nd freight4 ,at t p>ticul> po9t1 ,erie's we/-b\nd freight approximates #ge p] c5t ( ! ea/-b\nd1 & s ! new l9e recognizes t fact by e/abli%+ ! we/-b\nd maximum grade at #c-aj ( "o p] c5t1 z aga9/ a maximum ( #b-aj ( "o p] c5t 9 ! o!r direction4 ,br\ght to a pla9 und]/&+1 a s+le locomotive has no difficulty 9 h&l+ #hj c>s1 ea* be>+ #dj tons ( coal1 ov] ?is new l[-grade l9e4 ,to take "o-half t load ov] ! old ma9 l9e requir$ a pu%]4 ,on ! ea/ end ( ! l9e1 :]e ,erie's eng9e]s built _! greate/ l[-grade cut-(f1 ! coal rolls d[n to ! seabo>d 9 su* quantities z to make ! we/-b\nd tonnage only a qu>t] ( ! ea/-b\nd2 s ! recon/ruction eng9e]s 7 satisfi$ ) a maximum we/-b\nd grade at #f-aj ( "o p] c5t z aga9/ ! maximum ( #b-aj ea/-b\nd1 9 ! direction ( ! heavy traffic4 ,! cut-(f1 :i* is d\ble-track$ & is #db-a_/b miles long1 increases ! di/ance f ,new ,york to ,*icago #h miles2 b ?is is n an ess5tial fact1 =1 l ! ,g5esee ,valley ,road x is built exclusively = freight s]vice1 & n only almo/ triples ! haul+ capacity ( a locomotive b actually p]mits ( fa/] runn+ "t = ! freight tra9s betwe5 ,j]sey ,city & ,port ,j]vis4 ,to build ! cut-(f requir$ a really great exp5diture1 = l all ^! new l9es x 0 heavy "w1 embrac+ a tunnel ne>ly a mile long "u ! cre/ ( ! ,%awangunk ,ridge1 & a /eel tre/le ov] ! ,moodna ,valley1 #c1bjj feet 9 l5g? & #aij feet high4 ,/ill ,presid5t ,und]wood c contemplate 8 locomotives haul+ ?ree times _! old loads ov] x4 ,! economy ( su* a proposition becomes app>5t ^u ! face ( x4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio1 ! ,s\!rn1 & ! ,norfolk ,we/]n h rec5tly l[]$ _! grades & /raight5$ _! curves 9 simil> fa%ion2 ! ,lehigh ,valley1 by ! erection ( a great new bridge at ,t[&a1 ,pa41 has tak5 a bad l9k out ( its ma9 l9e2 ! ,*icago ,alton1 :5 ! eng9e]s told x t x mu/ ab&on miles ^u miles ( its ma9 l9e 7= long ye>s its pride7 & build anew1 told ^? eng9e]s to g ahead4 ,/ret* by /ret* ! old road 0 revamp$ to meet 9 e way mod]n conditions4 ,a /eel bridge across ! ,miss\ri1 :i* 0 ! fir/ /eel bridge built 9 ,am]ica1 & :i* co/ #ejj1jjj1 0 s5t to ! scrap-heap :ile ! old-tim]s groan$4 ,t :i* ye/]day 0 a railroad m>vel becomes a curiosity to-morr[1 obs]ves ,frank ,h4 ,spe>man1 9 speak+ ( ?is v ?+4 ,! rebuild+ ( ! ,*icago ,alton 0 a clean-cut affair4 ,! #gj-p\nd rails 7 torn f ! ma9 l9e & s5t to sid+s & bran* l9es 9 favor ( ! #hj-p\nd rails2 = :ile m5 7 te>+ at ! tracks1 ! %ops 7 work+ ov]time2 #ee-ton freight eng9es t c\ld haul #cj c>s 7 to give way to #afe-ton motive p[]1 capable ( pick+ up & c>ry+ a hundr$ c>s ) ease4 ,t 0 :y ! old bridge _h to g 9 favor ( "o :i* co/ an ev5 million doll>s4 ,& :5 ! ,alton built heavy new bridges at doz5s ( o!r po9ts besides ! ,miss\ri1 x built !m aft] ! new fa%ion1 ) solid rock balla/ floor1 af=d+ additional com=t & safety to its patrons4 ,9 a flat ,/ate l ,ill9ois !re 7 no v s]i\s grade defects to be correct$1 b ?r\gh ! g5tle undulations ( roll+ c\ntry ! l9e twi/$ & turn$ l a lazy brook4 ,! rebuild]s /opp$ t4 ,:5 !y 7 done !re 0 a s+le section ( #dj miles1 /raight z ! arr[ flies1 & _m tang5ts ( f #ae to #bi miles4 ,9 "s cases :5 ! tra9s 7 transf]r$ to ! complet$ l9e1 ! old1 sp9dly1 wobbly affair c\ld be se5 = miles 9 roadb$1 to ! "o side or ! o!r ( ! new4 ,9 "s cases1 ?is ab&on$ "r-(-way 0 sold to int]urban electric railroads2 9 "o p>ticul> case "o ( ! ab&on$ bridges 0 includ$ 9 ! sale4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna1 ,we/]n is "o ( ! old "t ,ea/]n ,roads t h wax$ imm5sely prosp]\s ) ! ye>s4 ,orig9ally built z an an?racite coal c>ri] f ! ,ea/]n ,p5nsylvania ,m\nta9s to ! seabo>d1 x has develop$ into a ?r\gh freight & pass5g] c>ri] ( importance4 ,! old-"t eng9e] knew h[ to plan good railroads2 ! ,p5nsylvania to-day is build+ its new l[-grade freight l9e on ! v surveys made by its pione] surveyors ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury ago2 b1 z we h already intimat$1 ^? railroads 7 f9ancially weak4 ,e>ly annual reports ( ! ,p5nsylvania tell h[ its /ock 0 p$dl$ 9 ,philadelphia f h\se to h\se--up "o /reet & d[n ano!r--& h[ sometimes two h\ses jo9$ toge!r to buy a s+le %>e4 ,money 0 n pl5tiful 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,s ! ,lackawanna eng9e]s 7 compell$ to build _! road 9 semi-m\nta9\s di/ricts1 along ! l9es ( lea/ resi/ance1 r ?an by ! mo/ direct r\tes4 ,z x came ea/ f ,scranton ov] ! ,pocono ,m\nta9s x f\nd its way 9 a r\ndab\t c\rse to ! middle ( ,nor!rn ,new ,j]sey4 ,! road w\nd s\? & !n w\nd nor? aga91 its grades 7 /eep1 "s ( its curves 7 %ort1 & x dipp$ ?r\gh two tunnels--"o at ,ox=d ,furnace1 ! o!r at ,manunka ,*unk4 ,to iron out ^? "t-tak+ dips1 ! %>p curves1 ! grades1 & ! tunnel1 ! ,lackawanna cut-(f--! heavie/ bit ( railroad 9 ! _w--0 begun ?ree ye>s ago4 ,a new r\te #bh-a_/b miles long 0 survey$ diagonally across f ,port ,morris on ! ma9 l9e 9 ,new ,j]sey to ! ma9 l9e aga9 at ! ,delaw>e ,wat] ,gap4 ,despite ! fact t x mu/ cross ! wat]%$s diagonally--! wat]%$s =m$ by deep valleys & high rocky ridges--! l9e z survey$ & built is only ?ree miles long] ?an an absolute air-l9e4 ,x %ort5s ! ,lackawanna's ma9 /em f ,new ,york to ,buffalo--already ! %orte/ r\te betwe5 ^! two cities--by #ae miles1 & br+s t busy lake port a trifle )9 #djj miles f ! seabo>d4 ,to cross ^? wat]%$s at a %>p diagonal meant heavy "w2 & ! eng9e]s1 to run _! /raight-cut1 l[-grade l9e1 f\nd t !y w\ld h to make trem5d\s cuts & fills--^! la/ alone totall+ #ad1fjj1jj cubic y>ds4 ,! ,lackawanna's eng9e]s w give y a fa9t idea ( ! /up5d\s size ( ^! embankm5ts4 ,to build !m up ( /one & e>? at ! rate ( a c>tload a m9ute = ea* work+-day ( ! ye> w\ld require #ha ye>s = ! job4 ,to d x 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s has meant ! employm5t ( :ole tra9s ( dump-c>s1 ! pur*ase ( #fjj-;acre f>ms = s+le borr[-pits1 ! en]gy & adm9i/ration ( real eng9e]s4 ,!re h be5 cuts ?r\gh solid rock1 #fe bridges & culv]ts to be wr\ght ( concrete1 a s+le embankm5t 7at ! ,peque/ ,riv]7 ?ree miles 9 l5g?1 #aaj feet high1 & #cjj feet wide at its base4 ,! travell] :o rides ov] ! complet$ d\ble-track road w h b a fa9t idea ( ! human labor & ! human en]gy t h gone to con/ruct x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! great railroad t trav]ses ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania is ano!r monum5t to ! eng9e]4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad 0 no wobbly affair at any "t4 ,its grades & curves1 consid]+ ! "* ( ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* its trunk re/s1 are n excessive4 ,x has be5 a good /&>d railroad = a good _m ye>s pa/4 ,b 9 #aijb1 ! ,p5nsylvania f\nd t its tr\bles re/$ 9 ! volume ( traffic t 0 be+ (f]$ x4 ,ov] its middle division f ,h>risburg to ,pittsburgh x 0 h&l+ z mu* tonnage z ,j4 ,j4 ,hill's entire ,great ,nor!rn sy/em4 ,! heavy tonnage bus9ess began to clog ! road's fa/ pass5g] traffic 7its especial pride7 & ! fa/ freight traffic 7! ma9/ay ( its %ipp]s71 & appeal 0 made to ! recon/ruction eng9e]s4 ,x 0 no slight appeal at t4 ,pittsburgh1 h&l+ #djj1jjj freight c>s a mon?1 0 clogg$1 conge/$ ) su* /reams z _h nev] be=e tri$ to cr[d ?r\gh t n>r[ neck ( ! ,p5nsylvania's bottle & ! ord]s t w5t =? = relief 7 emphatic4 ,vice-presid5ts1 g5]al manag]s1 sup]9t5d5ts & g5]al sup]9t5d5ts1 & eng9e]s ( e sort cr[d$ into ! presid5t's (fice 9 ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 & out ( t conf]5ce ! plans = an exclusively l[-grade freight l9e f ,new ,york to ,pittsburgh & = ! traffic relief ( ,pittsburgh itself 7 born4 ,e l>ge city has become1 9 a s5se1 a bottle-neck = ! important railroads t pi]ce x4 ,9 "s cases l ,*icago or ,/4 ,l\is or ,kansas ,city or ,indianapolis1 ! situation has be5 solv$ by ! creation ( belt-l9e freight railroads p>tly or entirely encircl+ ! t[n4 ,at ,buffalo1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es h built a connect+ l9e to enable ?r\gh traffic to escape ! conge/ion ( city y>ds & t]m9als1 :ile at ,new ,hav51 ! road ( ! same "n has rec5tly sp5t sev]al million doll>s 9 enl>g+ its n>r[ ?roat 9 ! middle ( ! t[n4 ,b n[h]e else did ! situation approa* t at ,pittsburgh4 ,?r\gh ! ,p5nsylvania's pass5g] /ation !re p\r$ n only an abnormally heavy pass5g] traffic1 ow+ to a heavy suburban s]vice1 b e p\nd ( freight b\nd betwe5 ! p>5t company & its two great subsidi>ies1 ! ,panh&le & ! ,=t ,wayne4 ,!re 7 fur!r complications "r at ! /ation1 ow+ to ! proximity ( two ( ! v wor/ grade-cross+s 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ,p5n & ,lib]ty ,av5ues swept _! busy tides ( city traffic all day long ov] ! ,=t ,wayne's ma9 l9e tracks4 ,x 0 a problem t call$ = ! be/ 9 eng9e]+ skill--& receiv$ x4 ,! ,p5nsylvania dug deep into its pocket-book & solv$ ! problem magnific5tly4 ,x began by go+ back to ! vic9ity ( its great ,pitcairn freight-y>ds at ! ea/ ( ! city1 & f !m build+ two connect+ lat]als 7! "o to ! s\? & across ! ,monongahela ,riv] to connect ) ! ,panh&le tracks1 ! o!r to ! nor?--kn[n z ! ,brilliant cut-(f7 across ! ,alleghany & connect+ ) ! tracks ( ! ,we/ ,p5n ,railroad1 :i* 9 turn connect$ ) ^? ( ! ,=t ,wayne 9 ! "o-"t city ( ,allegh5y4 ,t s\nds simple1 b x 0 9 reality a fe>fully exp5sive und]tak+4 ,! mile ( ,brilliant cut-(f1 heavy "w e in* ( x1 co/ #e1ejj1jjj1 & is to-day ! mo/ exp5sive mile ( railroad track 9 ! _w4 ,b ! gripp+ h& 0 (f ! traffic ?roat ( ,pittsburgh & comm]cial ,pittsburgh brea!d m easily once aga94 ,! ,union ,/ation & its approa* tracks 7 re/or$ to pass5g] uses2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ?+s ! ,p5nsylvania tore d[n ! old /ation1 built a new "o1 & wip$ out ! two wick$ city cross+s1 z ) ! /roke ( an ,aladd9's h&4 ,s mu* = ,pittsburgh4 ,n[ consid] ! great new freight l9e lead+ to ! ea/ f !re4 ,n all ( t railroad has yet be5 built1 b ! great] "p ( x is already complet$1 & e "p ( ! old road t 0 "u t5sion because ( freight conge/ion has already be5 reliev$4 ,to build ?is new d\ble-track railroad across #cej miles ( a m\nta9\s ,/ate1 ! eng9e]s /udi$ two po9ts--grade & curvature4 ,di/ance 0 no object1 = spe$ is ! v la/ atta9m5t ( heavy tonnage movem5t4 ,! new r\te consi/$ 9 "p ( ! enl>gem5t ( ! old r\tes1 & 9 "p ( ! con/ruction ( br& new l9e4 ,x />t$ ea/ f ,pittsburgh1 :]e ! great ,brilliant cut-(f _h be5 built to relieve ! trem5d\s t]m9al freight conge/ion1 & foll[$ up ! valley ( ! ,alleghany ,riv] on ! r\te ( ! ,we/ ,p5n ,road1 a ,p5nsylvania prop]ty4 ,! ma9 l9e ( ! ,p5nsylvania comes ea/ f ,pittsburgh up ! valley ( ! ,monongahela = a di/ance1 & !n across c\ntry to ,blairsville ,int]section1 #ej miles ea/ ( ,pittsburgh1 :]e x is int]cept$ by ! l[-grade freight r\te4 ,f ,blairsville to ,gallitz91 ! road w9ds ?r\gh ! n>r[ & =bidd+ ,conemaugh ,valley mo/ ( ! way4 ,x twi/s itself ?r\gh ! sl5d] defile ( ,packsaddle4 ,a doz5 ye>s ago or m1 :5 ! ,p5nsylvania's eng9e]s 7 ord]$ to f\r-track ! orig9al d\ble-track ?r\gh t n>r[ defile 9 ,god's great _w1 !y %ook _! heads dubi\sly2 !n--aft] ! fa%ion ( eng9e]s--!y w5t ahead & did x4 ,:5 ! ord] came = two m tracks 9 ! same n>r[ pass1 !y plac$ !m !re1 al?\gh !y _h lit]ally to bla/ out a %elf on ! side ( ! fe>fully /eep m\nta9sides = ! l[-grade l9e4 ,j beyond ,gallitz91 :]e ! ,p5nsylvania pi]ces ) two great tunnels ! v summit ( ! ,alleghanies1 ! l[-grade l9e takes its own c\rse once m1 break+ f>!r & f>!r away f ! ma9 l9e1 & = long sections foll[+ ! trail ( ! long-s9ce ab&on$ ,portage ,railroad4 ,! day is com+ :5 ,gallitz9 ,tunnels are to be left high 9 ! air4 ,! ,p5nsylvania's (fic]s tell y t frankly4 ,we h plans = a six-mile tunnel1 to be h&l$ by electric motive-p[] already made1 said "o ( !m1 j ! o!r day1 & e ye> we wait1 t tunnel gr[s long]1 ! approa*+ grades less & less4 ,x w co/ money--money into millions ( doll>s--& x w e>n #aj p] c5t on ! inve/m5t4 ,f ,gallitz91 ! l[-grade l9e delves f> s\? to ,hollidaysburgh & !n foll[s ! tracks ( a =m] bran* l9e up to ,pet]sburg on ! ma9 l9e1 :i* x p>allels to ! ,susquehanna4 ,:]e ! ma9 l9e crosses ! ,susquehanna at ,rockville1 ! l[-grade freight r\te div]ges once aga9 & foll[s ! we/ bank ( ! riv] = a numb] ( miles1 completely avoid+ 9 t way ,h>risburg & ! /eel-mak+ t[ns to ! s\? ( x ) all ( _! conditions ( conge/ion4 ,! freight r\te crosses ! broad ,susquehanna at ,%ock's ,mills1 eight miles nor? ( ,columbia1 & foll[s ! ea/ bank ( ! riv] = tw5ty miles to ,%5ks ,f]ry1 :]e x turns abruptly ea/w>d ?r\gh ! rugg$ hills ( ,lanca/] ,c\nty to a connection ) ! ma9 l9e at ,p>kesburg4 ,f !nce x foll[s ! ma9 l9e ne>ly all ! way to ,gl5 ,lo*1 cross+ & re-cross+ x b at all times reta9+ its nom9al grades4 ,at ,gl5 ,lo* x makes a wide det\r ar\nd ,philadelphia & its suburbs & rea*es ) a long /raight %ort cut ov] to ! ma9 l9e at ,morrisville ne> ,tr5ton4 ,s mu* = ! location ( ?is great l9e ( recon/ruction4 ,9 grades & 9 curvatures x has a*iev$ real triumphs4 ,! great tonnage "h is also always ea/-b\nd--coal & iron com+ to ! seabo>d4 ,its grades also are *iefly consequ5tial !n to ! ea/-b\nd movem5t4 ,to t movem5t ! heavy grades are aga9 at ! almo/ incr$ible figure ( #c-aj ( "o p] c5t--"s sev5te5 feet to ! mile4 ,t w mean m :5 x is und]/ood t t figure is equal to ! pull t is requir$ ( an eng9e to />t a heavy freight tra9 ^u an absolutely level track4 ,) su* a pull1 grades become z no?+1 & ! ,p5nsylvania's op]at+ dep>tm5t is enabl$ to run #ge tra9s an h\r ov] ?is l[-grade l9e2 h\r aft] h\r ^u a #ae m9utes' int]val4 ,ask a ,p5nsylvania (fic] :at he w\ld d ) su* traffic on 8 old ma9 l9e to-day1 & he w tell y t he w\ld r resign ?an tackle ! proposition4 ,! same ?+ is true on ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es4 ,l ! ,p5nsylvania1 t railroad ?\ght a little "t ago t ) its f\r tracks x might move all civilization4 ,its acquisition ( ! bankrupt ,we/ ,%ore ,railroad 9 ! eighties gave x two extra tracks across ,new ,york ,/ate t = a long "t 7 c>ri$ on ! company's books z deadwood4 ,n[ !y are fill$ ) freight op]ation & br++ 9 a heal?y return to _! own]s4 ,! gr[+ l& is always cat*+ up to its new railroad facilities1 no matt] h[ rapidly !y may be con/ruct$4 ,to-morr[8 ,! railroad op]ator does n l to ?9k ( t4 ,he meets to-day & he plans z be/ he may aga9/ t to-morr[4 ,to meet ! great unkn[n he bids ! eng9e]s--^? :o con/ruct & ^? :o recon/ruct--to him1 & begs t !y ex]cise _! be/ wits to help him to see a little way into ! dim & %ad[y future4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,railroad ,,& ,,its ,,presid5t ,,sup]vision ,,( ,,! ,,classifi$ ,,activities--,,eng9e]+1 ,,op]at+1 ,,ma9t5ance ,,( ,,way1 ,,etc4--,,! ,,divisional ,,sy/em ,,z ,,foll[$ ,,9 ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,road--,,! ,,dep>tm5tal ,,plan ,,z ,,foll[$ ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral--,,ne$ ,,= ,,vice-,,presid5ts--,,! ,,bo>d ,,( ,,directors--,,h>riman ,a ,,model ,,presid5t--,,h[ ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,=c$ ,,itself ,,into ,,new ,,york ,,city--,,action ,,( ,a ,,presid5t ,,to ,,save ,,! ,,life ,,( ,a ,,labor]',s ,,*ild--,,keep ,,"r ,,on ,,obey+ ,,ord]s--,,"s ,,railroad ,,presid5ts ,,comp>$--,,high ,,sal>ies ,,( ,,presid5ts4 ,all ! widely div]g5t l9es ( human activity 9 ! organization ( ! railroad conv]ge 9 ! (fice ( its presid5t4 ,he is ! focal po9t ( ! entire sy/em4 ,m ?an t1 he is its head & front4 ,if he is any?+ less1 ! soon] he is out ( 8 job ! bett] = bo? ! railroad & himself2 =1 al?\gh !re is a great v>iety ( dep>tm5ts 9 ! organization ( /eam railroad transportation & ea* dep>tm5t w h /ill great] v>ieties ( activities1 !re is b a s+le activity delegat$ to ! (fice t be>s only ! mode/ ^w presid5t 9 gilt lett]s ^u its door4 ,! function ( t (fice is to sup]vise4 ,to und]/& t sup]vision bett]1 consid] = a mom5t ! r\gh /ructure ( ! railroad4 ,its activities are gr\p$ into classes4 ,! activity ( solicit+ bus9ess1 bo? freight & pass5g]1 =ms ! traffic dep>tm5t1 9 _m ways ! mo/ important ( all2 = f x comes ne>ly all ! va/ rev5ue ne$$ = ! ma9t5ance ( ! organism4 ,! legal dep>tm5t looks aft] ! railroad's rights--its fran*ises1 its *>t]s1 ! law fabric ( its almo/ innum]able relations ) ! v>i\s railroad commissions1 legislatures1 city c\ncils1 & t[n & c\ntry bo>ds4 ,if ! road be really sizable--) #h1jjj or #aj1jjj or #ab1jjj miles ( track--x w probably organize into sep>ate dep>tm5ts ! buy+ ( its great quantities ( supplies1 ! keep+ ( its intricate books1 & ! h&l+ ( its money4 ,! bus9ess ( build+ its l9es & /ructures w ne$ special tal5t = an eng9e]+ dep>tm5t4 ,! dep>tm5t t w employ ! great rank & file ( ! railroad's army ( employees is ! op]at+ dep>tm5t1 call$ by "s big roads ! transportation dep>tm5t4 ,!re are two o!r great factors ( conduct+ a railroad2 ma9ta9+ its l9es--! tracks1 bridges1 tunnels & o!r features ( ! p]man5t way2 & keep+ bo? c>s & eng9es fit = s]vice4 ,?is la/ "w1 organiz$ z ! me*anical dep>tm5t1 w probably rank next to op]at+ 9 ! numb] ( its employees1 & ! value ( its equipm5t is "o ( ! greate/ assets ( ! railroad4 ,x is g5]ally express$ 9 great %ops locat$ "h & !re & ev]y:]e1 at conv5i5t po9ts ^u ! sy/em4 ,g5]ally ! ma9t5ance-(-way dep>tm5t comes "u op]at+--x is only fair t a g5]al manag] %\ld sup]vise ! condition ( ! l9e ov] :i* he is expect$ to op]ate 8 tra9s at high spe$ & 9 absolute safety4 ,! same argum5t %\ld hold true z to ! equipm5t4 ,b "r "h is ! great rock ^u :i* ! pr9ciple ( ,am]ican railroad organization splits 9 twa94 ,f ! presid5t's (fice d[nw>d1 ! sy/em ( organization may be divisional or dep>tm5tal4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! division sup]9t5d5t is ! real unit ( railroad op]ation3 "u 8 guidance & responsibility come n only ! op]ation ( ! tra9s b ! ma9t5ance bo? ( ! l9e & ( ! roll+-/ock4 ,9 ! case ( dep>tm5tal organization t sup]9t5d5t--& also1 above him1 ! g5]al sup]9t5d5t--ex]cises no au?ority ov] ! eng9e]s ( ma9t5ance-(-way or ! ma/] me*anics ( ! %ops along ! sy/em4 ,^? l9es ( railroad activity d n conv]ge ) t ( tra9 op]ation bel[ ! (fice ( ! g5]al manag]4 ,! greate/ outside p[] t is giv5 to a division sup]9t5d5t on a purely dep>tm5tal road is a sort ( cop]ation ) ! ma/] me*anic 9 ! matt] ( ! m5 :o h&le ! road's motive p[]4 ,?is cop]ation is _m times intricate & involv$4 ,if ! ma/] me*anic & ! division sup]9t5d5t are n h>moni\sly incl9$ t[>d "o ano!r1 & ?+s v naturally g wrong ) ! motive-p[]1 x is a difficult matt] to locate responsibility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,p5nsylvania sy/em1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ p]fectly organiz$ 9 ! _w1 is /rongly organiz$ ^u ! divisional sy/em4 ,! division sup]9t5d5t ^u ! ,p5nsylvania is inde$ a pr9ce above 8 pr9cipality1 & he is well tra9$ = 8 rul]%ip4 ,p5nsylvania m5 g ?r\gh ! mill4 ,x takes a pretty capable man to comb9e ! ability = h&l+ tra9s & h&l+ m5 ) ! intricate k = comm& ov] an eng9e]+ corps devot$ to ma9t5ance-(-way1 z well z comm& ov] a ma*9e-%op :i* may employ a ?\s& skill$ workm54 ,9 ord] to give its division heads t trem5d\s tra9+1 ! ,p5nsylvania s5ds its m5 ?r\gh its own ,we/ ,po9t1 ! great %ops at ,altoona4 ,! m5 :o h sat 9 ! big1 roomy (fice 9 ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia1 & :o h be5 address$ z presid5t1 h be5 pr\d ( ! days :5 !y 7 up 9 ! hills ( ! ,key/one ,/ate1 /&+ _! trick 9 ov]alls at ! la!1 or c>ry+ *a9 & rod ov] long /ret*es ( track4 ,to-day e ,p5nsylvania sup]9t5d5t1 possibly ) a s+le exception or two1 is a civil or me*anical eng9e]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,on ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn--,,! ,,william ,,crooks1 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,eng9e ,,( ,,! ,,hill ,,sy/em1 ,,& ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,newe/ ,,mallets ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,pacific ,,f9ds ,,direct ,,entrance ,,into ,,san ,,francisco ,,= ,,"o ,,( ,,its ,,bran* ,,l9es ,,by ,,tunnels ,,pi]c+ ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,suburbs ,illu/ration3 ,,portal ,,( ,,! ,,ab&on$ ,,tunnel ,,( ,,! ,,alleghany ,,portage ,,railroad ,,ne> ,,john/[n1 ,,pa41 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,railroad ,,tunnel ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral has also be5 br\ght into a high /ate ( organization1 & /&s firmly on ! dep>tm5tal plan4 ,we believe t our sup]9t5d5ts %\ld specialize 9 tra9 op]ation1 says "o ( ! high (fic]s ( t road4 ,9 o!r words1 we d n believe t a man1 to get 8 traffic ?r\gh ov] a /ret* ( l9e1 %\ld necess>ily "k to a fraction ( an in* ! be/ :eel-base = an eng9e ( a giv5 type or ! precise con/ruction ( a truss bridge4 ,su* requirem5ts take away f ! special tra9+ t is to-day ne$$ = e high-class railroad]4 ,a railroad] is made bett] by /ick+ to "o ?+ & /ick+ to x fai?fully2 & our dep>tm5tal me?od1 by :i* ! ma9t5ance ( l9e & roll+-/ock comes "u ! sole sup]vision ( m5 exp]t 9 ^? specialties1 we ?9k ! be/4 ,sometimes we develop a v wiz>d 9 traffic h&l+1 :o has nev] _h a *ance at a te*nical education4 ,& !re y h ! v ess5ce ( ! o!r side ( ! proposition4 ,betwe5 ^! two sides !re are v>i\s %ad+s & grad+s1 b ! "q has nev] be5 def9itely solv$4 ,x has r$uc$ ! va/ complexity 9 ! organization ( ! mod]n railroad ( ! l>g] size4 ,t has become s v complex x fairly cri$ = exp]t relief4 ,"o man has rec5tly sp5t a busy t]m ( ye>s 9 simplify+ ! organization ( ! ,h>riman l9es4 ,to cut ! intricate l9es ( r$-tape 9 a big railroad (fice1 to r$uce to a m9imum ! va/ ne$less correspond5ce betwe5 dep>tm5ts & betwe5 bran*es ( a s+le dep>tm5t1 is a problem t calls = g5ius--& (f]s = its solution no small rew>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 o!r days--& we ref] to no anci5t hi/ory1 = ! electric light 0 prov$ & ! hundr$-ton locomotive already increas+ ! av]age tonnage ( ! ,am]ican freight tra9--! presid5ts ( ! bigge/ roads 7 cont5t to worry along ) "o or two assi/ants4 ,b two decades ago1 ! railroads 7 /ill simple matt]s2 !re did n exi/ ! intimate relations betwe5 "o & ! o!rs ( !m1 z %[n by /ockhold+s 9 compet+ & fe$+ l9es to-day--! con/ant wait+ ( _! executives ^u ! sessions ( ! diff]5t railroad commissions4 ,^! complications ( ,am]ican railroad+ h also fur!r complicat$ ! organizations ( ! diff]5t sy/ems1 & h br\ght a dem& = executives ( ! ke5e/ type4 ,x is no slight /ra9 t a man works "u :5 he becomes ! head ( a t5-?\s&-mile railroad4 ,s to-day ! presid5t ( ! railroad has =tifi$ himself 9 ! only possible way--by creat+ vice-presid5cies4 ,ea* rank+ dep>tm5t to-day is apt to be recogniz$ 9 c\ncil by a vice-presid5t2 & ^! heads =m a cab9et z in=mal z t ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t &1 9 its way1 q z important4 ,legal traffic1 & eng9e]+ traffic ea* dem&s a vice-presid5t at t cab9et-bo>d1 & gets him4 ,! g5]al manag] usually is ! vice-presid5t repres5t+ op]ation4 ,"o big road has eight vice-presid5ts4 ,x is inde$ a poor prop]ty t _c %[ ?ree or f\r m5 t are ! fitte/ to hold ?is title4 ,!re is ano!r cab9et :]e ! presid5t mu/ sit1 :i* is =mal & recogniz$2 x is ! bo>d ( directors4 ,betwe5 x & ! less] cab9et ! presid5t mu/ take good c>e t he is n gr\nd z betwe5 mill/ones4 ,! cab9et ( 8 dep>tm5t heads w tell him h[ he c sp5d 8 money2 b he mu/ get x f ! upp] cab9et4 ,x is n always h>moni\s pull+ 9 ! upp] cab9et4 ,imag9e = a mom5t ! tr\bles t sometimes arise 9 ! l[]4 ,y are sitt+ 9 ! (fice ( a big railroad presid5t1 talk+ /raight to t big-%\ld]$ s\l himself4 ,outside is ! %ad[y ro( ( ! tra9-%$ ( a t]m9al1 :i* is fill$ ) long l9es ( c>s t come & g1 ( plat=ms t are black ) humans "o in/ant & q des]t$ ! next4 ,! room has ! quiet elegance ( a com=table home libr>y4 ,!re are long r[s ( books ^u ! %elves2 a great table is set squ>ely 9 ! c5tre4 ,b x is bus9ess--= a tick] is sl[ly spell+ ! fate ( t railroad & e o!r railroad1 ^u ! endless tape2 a huge map ( ! sy/em--_m ?\s&s ( miles ( high-class railroad--lies "u ! glass t cov]s ! table top4 ,!y don't always pull toge!r1 ! presid5t ( ! railroad admits1 :5 y ask him ab\t ! l[] cab9et4 ,sometimes !y pull ap>t :5 !y h hone/ly diff]5t ideas z to policy1 & o!r times--!re's to be a big college football game up at ,g---- next ,saturday4 ,we h only two private c>s = our f\r vice-presid5ts1 e s+le bless$ "o ( :om wants to g4 ,i don't want to g myself1 & ,i've contribut$ my c>1 b we're "o %ort !n1 & ! man t's left is go+ ar\nd l a boy :o's _h a *ip knock$ (f 8 %\ld]4 ,he's j be5 9 "h1 & ,i've settl$ ! matt] by hir+ a c> = 8 p>ty f ! ,pullman folks & foot+ ! bill myself4 ,i s5t him out a%am$ ( himself4 ,t's ,pete e "t4 ,fl>es up quick1 & e "t he fl>es up ,i c rememb] :5 we 7 work+ ! day-&-night tricks 9 a ,god-=sak5 junction out on a prairie /ret* ( ! ,great ,we/4 ,he's l a boy 9 "s ways--awfully fussy ab\t ! rights & pr]ogatives ( 8 dep>tm5t2 & he'll g all to pieces ov] "s little ?+ if he ?9ks ano!r man has /epp$ ov] on to 8 side ( ! l9e4 ,b let a big situation arise--a flood t sets a :ole division ( our l9es awa%2 a wick$ conge/ion ( traffic 9 midw9t] blizz>ds2 a na/y accid5t t takes away our n]ve--& y ought to see ,pete6 ,he'll be h&l+ ! ?+ z if he 7 putt+ a ball up on ! l9ks1 & he'll nev] lose 8 confid5t smile4 ,t man 9 "o su* em]g5cy is wor? ! hire ( a doz5 ,pullmans4 ,y ask ab\t ! upp] cab9et1 & ! presid5t l[]s 8 voice4 ,! bo>d is no matt] = light conv]sation4 ,he /eps to ! w9d[ & po9ts d[n into ! conc\rse ( ! tra9-%$4 ,i happ5 to "k t "y fell[ ov] !re by ! mailbox1 he answ]s4 ,he's "o ( our travell+ freight-ag5ts4 ,he's lucky4 ,he works = "o boss1 & is responsible to him2 ,i "w = a :ole regim5t ( bosses1 & am held responsible by a gr\p ( pretty ke5 old citiz5s :o ga!r ar\nd ?is table & put me on ! rack4 ,!re are _m int]e/s 9 ?is prop]ty1 & "s ( !m are too big to sleep 9 ! same b$4 ,i h ?ree directors :o nev] speak to "o ano!r outside ( ?is room1 & r>ely ev] 9 x4 ,!re is ano!r :o repres5ts ! hold+s ( a road t fights ?is at e turn1 & he hurts ! prop]ty worse ?an any good husky plague4 ,a big e/ate1 ) a bitt] av]sion to sp5d+ money = any purpose :atsoev]1 has ano!r director "h2 & a bank+ int]e/ pres5ts a director :o seconds him 9 e move1 fool or good4 ,t is ! cr[d ,i h got to "w ) :5 ,i want t5 or fifte5 millions to hold our own aga9/ "s o!r fell[ :o is cr[d+ u h>d = bus9ess 9 our competitive t]ritory or ?reat5+ to run a l9e into "o ( our own private melon-pat*es4 ,t boy d[n !re is lucky4 ,he has only got to get out & l& a c\ple ( hundr$ c>loads f a %ipp] :o hates corporations worse ?an politics1 & :o has j _h a claim = spoil$ goods turn$ d[n by ?is p>ticul> corporation4 ,t boy has ! c9* job4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is imag9>y railroad presid5t has told y ( "o ( ! vital po9ts 9 ! bus9ess ( ! railroad1 ! necessity = con/ant teamwork4 ,a railroad head may h ! g5ius ( a ,napoleon1 ! /ubborn p]si/5ce ( a ,grant1 or ! m>vell\s executive ability ( a ,pi]pont ,morgan1 & be wor?less if 8 bo>d is n work+ en?usia/ically ) & = him4 ,x is n all pie & pres]ves by any means4 ,! bo>d may set its sweet w /raight aga9/ 81 & he may be =c$ to execute a policy ( :i* 9 8 own m9d he has no tru/4 ,x is only once 9 a g5]ation t a man l ,h>riman1 :o c b5d a :ole mighty directorate to 8 absolute w1 arises4 ,h>riman 0 a railroad presid5t 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,he rode 9 8 c> nor? f ,ogd5 "o day1 t[>d ! great ,national ,p>k ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,at t "t ! only direct rail entrance to t spl5did res]ve 0 by ! rival ,hill l9es4 ,h>riman _h call$ = a report ^u ! opportunities = ! ,s\!rn ,pacific to /rike its own l9e into ! we/ edge ( ! ,p>k4 ,t report 0 be+ expla9$ to him 9 great detail z he rode nor? f ,ogd54 ,8 *iefs _h a hundr$ practical reasons aga9/ build+ ! l9e4 ,h>riman li/5$ fai?fully to ! explanation1 z 0 8 way4 ,!n he turn$ to "o ( ! sign]s ( ! report1 a high (fic] ( 8 prop]ty4 ,y h nev] be5 9 ! ,yell[/one8 he ask$4 ,! (fic] admitt$ t he _h n4 ,i h1 said ,h>riman triumphantly1 & ,i am go+ to build t road4 ,t road 0 built & became successful f its beg9n+2 b ,h>riman 0 a railroad] ) ! intuitive s5se t gives g5ius to a great /atesman or to a great g5]al4 ,! av]age railroad presid5t does n hold a controll+ int]e/ himself & he mu/ be guid$ pretty c>efully by ! judgm5t ( 8 dep>tm5t heads2 he mu/ w9 ! cop]ation ( 8 bo>d by tact & subtlety r ?an by ! display ( an iron w2 & :]e he leads he mu/ take ! responsibility4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 z has already be5 told 9 an e>li] *apt]1 rec5tly =c$ its entrance into ,new ,york ,city & m>k$ its t]m9al !re ) a monum5tal /ation4 ,t move 0 a /rategy ( ! highe/ ord]1 & 0 made t ! road might place itself ^u an ev5 fight+ basis = traffic ) its *ief competitor4 ,b x co/4 ,two mighty riv]s _h to be cross$1 :ole blocks ( high-pric$ real e/ate secur$1 a busy city ?read$1 ! opposition ( local au?orities 7:o /ood ) palms out/ret*$7 hone/ly d[n$4 ,t all co/4 ,t w\ld h be5 a mighty exp5diture = ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2 = a private corporation x 0 all b /agg]+4 ,:5 ! /ation 0 f9i%$1 a r>ely beautiful ?+ ) its classic public rooms1 its long vi/as1 & its va/ dim5sions1 t private corporation built1 )9 a ni*e ( ! great wait+-room1 a bronze figure ( its =m] presid5t1 ! late ,a4 ,j4 ,cassatt1 :]e all hurry+ humanity might see x4 ,b1 ?\gh a ?\s& n]v\s travell]s see t /atue 9 ! pass+ ( a s+le h\r1 n a hundr$ ( !m w "k ! spl5did trag$y x repres5ts2 = _m ( ! high (fic]s ( t railroad--"s ( ! m5 :o caus$ ! bronze to be erect$--to ?is day believe t ! production ( t great /ation 0 ! cause ( ! dea? ( _! *ief4 ,he _h dream$ ( t t]m9al = ye>s2 8 eng9e] _h deem$ x all b impossible1 & he _h s5t ov]seas = o!r eng9e]s4 ,"o ( ^!1 :o _h conqu]$ ! busy ,?ames1 said t he c\ld tunnel ! two great riv]s4 ,he 0 ask$ ! co/1 & he gave x4 ,8 fir/ figures 7 /agg]+1 b ! railroad presid5t did n ab&on 8 hope4 ,he summon$ 8 bo>d & put ! problem to !m4 ,!re 0 pull+ p[] betwe5 t presid5t & 8 bo>d1 & ! pull+ 0 all 9 a s+le direction4 ,_! sy/em--a railroad t ackn[l$g$ no sup]ior--c\ld n keep 9 ! v front rank )\t its t]m9al 9 ! he>t ( ! seabo>d city1 elim9at+ =ev] ! delays & ! inconv5i5ces ( a f]ry s]vice2 ! road c\ld n af=d to drop into second rank1 & s x assum$ ! great und]tak+4 ,t meant _m ?+s m ?an laym5 und]/&2 ! sell+ ( securities 9 delicate m>kets1 home & =eign1 :i* fluctuate wildly on ! promulgation ( anticorporation talk2 ! evad+ ( untir+ competitors2 ! appeas+ ( hungry politicians1 only too anxi\s to fe$ at ! h&s ( a weal?y corporation4 ,9 ?is case1 x meant m ?an all ^! ?+s1 = ! two riv]s 7 q z trea*]\s z ! ,am]ican eng9e]s _h pron\nc$ !m4 ,!y w\ld s\nd 9 _! tunnel be>+s & f9d rock :i* seem$ s(t1 & _! dynamite *>ges w\ld be suffici5t4 ,!n x w\ld prove h>d1 & _! bla/ z ineffici5t z t ( a *ild's toy cannon4 ,aga91 ! rock w\ld drill z h>d z ! h>de/ gneiss--! v backbone ( ,"m ,e>? h]self1 & ! h>d-rock m5 w\ld prep>e a heavy *>ge ( dynamite4 ,!n ! /uff 0 z s(t z gravel1 & _! heavy *>ge w\ld h torn (f ! ro(s ( half a doz5 h\ses4 ,:5 !y 7 "u "o ( ! riv]s !y f\nd its b$--! ro( ( _! tunnel--z s(t z mud4 ,!re came a day :5 ! little foam+ swirls ( wat] above _! head+s became a geys]3 ! riv]-b$ _h bl[n entirely out4 ,aft] t1 "s ( ! y\ng] eng9e]s felt l ?r[+ !mselves into ! wick$ riv]1 b ! bigge/ eng9e] ( all nev] lo/ 8 fai?4 ,he s5t up/ream & br\ght d[n a :ole ,spani% ,armada ( clumsy sc[s1 ea* heap$ high ) /icky clay4 ,t clay--9 ?\s&s ( cubic y>ds--made a new riv]-bottom & ! tunnel %ields w5t =w>d4 ,!re 7 o!r ob/acles & disc\ragem5ts1 almo/ an inf9ite array ( !m1 to be surm\nt$1 b ?is railroad presid5t _h /eel$ 8 m9d to ! accompli%m5t ( t t]m9al4 ,9 ! mak+ ( x he gave 8 life4 ,:5 ! day came = ! drafts ^u ! railroad's treasury1 m\nt+ high] & high]1 he 0 *e]2 :5 bad news came f ! burr[+ eng9e]s1 he 0 c\rage2 :5 timid /ockhold]s & directors began to worry1 he 0 com=t4 ,he gave ( 8 vitality to ! organization1 to ! mak+ ( ! t]m9al1 until ! day came :5 he gave too mu*--& 8 life w5t out :ile he 0 /ill l a mighty k+ 9 battle4 ,he did n live to see ! classic l9es ( ! great /ation build+4 ,z he /&s 9 ! wait+-room1 he /&s 9 bronze4 ,^? bronze eyes are p[]less to see ! spl5did fruition ( 8 endeavors4 ,t sort ( ?+--h]oic c\rage & dea?-br++ devotion to an ent]prise--repeats itself n[ & !n among ! executives ( ! railroads4 ,:5 ! panic ( #aijg rea*$ high tide1 !re 0 a c]ta9 railroad presid5t :o1 l 8 fell[s1 view$ x ) no little al>m4 ,he _h lun*$ ) a big /eel man1 ! k9d ! newspap]s l to call a magnate1 & ! /eel man _h sc>$ him4 ,! company = :i* ! =m] labor$ 0 go+ to close half a doz5 ( its plants--0 go+ to ?r[ "s ?\s&s ( poorly provid$ m5 out ( "w4 ,! railroad presid5t took t bad news back to 8 com=table (fice2 at night x travell$ ) him 9 8 automobile to 8 big & %[y h\se4 ,x w\ld hit 8 company h>d 9 its heavy tonnage di/rict1 b t 0 only a s+le phase ( ! situation4 ,he ?\ght ( ?+s becom+ m disjo9t$ :5 ! news became public--be=e t week _h run its c\rse4 ,t night ! presid5t made up 8 m9d to take a big /ep4 ,x 0 risky bus9ess1 b he ?\ght x wor? ! risk4 ,he s5t = ! /eel man 9 ! morn+ & ask$ him :at 0 ! be/ price he c\ld make = 8 product4 ,! /eel man cut 8 regul> pr(it 9 half1 b ! presid5t 0 n satisfi$4 ,y'll h to %[ me a bett] m>g9 ?an t1 he said4 ,we'll elim9ate pr(its1 said ! /eel man1 & give y ! /uff at co/1 to save %utt+ d[n our plant4 ,is t ! be/ y c d8 p]si/$ ! presid5t4 ,be=e he 0 done1 ! /eel man _h also elim9at$ depreciation on plants & half a doz5 m9or exp5ses4 ,he agre$ to deliv] at ! m]e co/ ( raw mat]ial & labor4 ,!n he receiv$ an ord] t w\ld h brok5 "s records 9 prosp]\s times4 ,! road 0 committ$ to "s big build+ projects & x ne$$ :ole tra9loads ( gird]s & columns2 bridges by ! doz54 ,! railroad presid5t w5t fur!r1 & help$ out ! /eel man's c>-build+ plant4 ,he ord]$ #c1jjj /eel freight c>s1 & e day he 0 gett+ reports f 8 g5]al manag] ( a fur!r fall+ ( traffic tides4 ,!y _h motive-p[] ru/+ on sid+s1 & !y 7 dump+ freight c>s 9 ! dit*es along ! "r-(-way because !y did n h /orage-room = !m4 ,t took c\rage ( a c]ta9 high-grade sort4 ,:5 ^? fre%ly-pa9t$ new /eel c>s began to be deliv]$ 9 daily bat*es ( sixty1 "s ( 8 directors ask$ him :]e he 0 go+ to f9d room to /ore !m4 ,he did n answ]1 = he did n "k2 b 9 ! long run he won out4 ,8 company _h a new equipm5t = ! return+ flood-tide ( traffic :i* _h co/ x #be p] c5t less ?an t ( its competitors4 ,:5 ! "t came to build its big improvem5t x _h ! /eel all /or$ & ready4 ,! presid5t 0 able to tell 8 directors !n t he _h sav$ !m #a1gjj1jjj on t close b>ga9 t he _h driv5 9 panicky times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sometimes a little ?+ makes a railroad presid5t big4 ,! head ( a busy road 9 ! ,middle ,we/ 0 hurry+ to ,*icago "o day to att5d a mighty important conf]5ce ( railroad *iefs4 ,8 special 0 halt$ at a division po9t = an eng9e-*ange1 & ! presid5t 0 enjoy+ a ?ree-m9ute brea?+ spell walk+ up & d[n beside 8 c>4 ,an ,italian track labor] tri$ to make 8 way to him4 ,! presid5t's secret>y1 :o 0 on ! job1 aft] ! mann] ( presid5ts' secret>ies1 /opp$ ! man4 ,! signal 0 giv5 t ! tra9 0 ready1 b ! presid5t saw t ! track-h& 0 cry+4 ,he ord]$ 8 tra9 held & w5t ov] to him4 ,! /ory 0 quickly told4 ,! track-h&'s little boy _h be5 play+ 9 ! y>ds & _h hidd5 9 an op5 box-c>2 s 8 small companions _h report$4 ,aft]w>ds ! c> _h be5 clos$ & seal$ by a y>dma/]'s employee4 ,some:]e x 0 bump+ its we>y way 9 a lazy freight tra91 :ile a small boy1 hungry & sc>$1 0 va9ly call+ to be let out4 ,p]haps t presid5t _h a boy ( ! same size--!y always d 9 /ories2 & p]haps--?is be+ reality--he did n4 ,b he /opp$ !re = ?ree preci\s h\rs1 at t busy division po9t1 :ile he s5t ord]s broadca/ to f9d ! boy1 ord]s t w5t ) big au?ority because !y came f ! high boss himself4 ,he 0 late at ! conf]5ce1 because t se>* 0 tak+ 8 m9d & 8 att5tion4 ,he hung = h\rs at a long-di/ance telephone1 p]sonally direct+ ! boy-hunt ) 8 m>vell\sly f]tile & res\rceful m9d4 ,:5 action came entirely too sl[ly he ord]$ ! m5 out ( ! %ops & all int]*ange freight halt$1 until e "o ( #ab1jjj or #ad1jjj box c>s _h be5 op5$ & se>*$4 ,f9ally1 f "o ( ^! !y drew =? ! limp & almo/ lifeless body ( a small boy4 ,! railroad *ief di$ a little :ile ago & 0 buri$ 9 a city #ejj miles away f ! l9e t he _h controll$4 ,! track-h&s ( 8 l9e1 ) t delicate s5sibility t is "p & p>cel ( ! ,italian1 dug deep into _! scanty sav+s & hir$ a special tra91 t !y might m>* 9 a body at 8 fun]al4 ,x sometimes takes a big man to d a little ?+ 9 a big way4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h is ,und]wood1 ! railroad presid5t :o took hold ( ! ,erie :5 ! prop]ty 0 a byword & a joke1 :o began p\r+ money into x to give x real improvem5ts & possibilities = economical h&l+1 & made x a practical & a pr(itable freight]1 a freight] ( no mean importance at t4 ,he once issu$ an ord] t any c> on ! road 7no matt] ( :at class ( equipm5t7 ) a flat :eel %\ld be imm$iately cut out ( ! tra94 ,! ord] 0 po/$ 9 e y>dma/]'s (fice up & d[n t sy/em4 ,"s "t aft] x w5t into effect1 ,und]wood 0 hurry+ ea/ 9 8 private c>4 ,x 0 ess5tial t he %\ld rea* ,j]sey ,city 9 ! e>ly morn+1 = he _h a big day's gri/ await+ him at 8 (fice4 ,a real railroad presid5t1 work+ #ah h\rs a day1 c brook few delays4 ,b :5 ! presid5t awoke1 8 c> 0 n 9 motion2 ! foot ( 8 bunk 0 high] ?an ! head4 ,he look$ out & f\nd himself 9 a railroad y>d ?ree or f\r hundr$ miles f 8 (fice4 ,:5 he got up & out he saw :y 8 b$ _h be5 aslant4 ,! obs]vation end ( 8 c> 0 jack$ up & ! c>-repair]s 7 slipp+ a new pair ( :eels und]nea? x4 ,a c>-t9k] boss$ ! job & ,und]wood address$ him4 ,:o gave y au?ority to cut out my c>8 he ask$4 ,if y w walk ov] to my coop1 said ! c>-t9k]1 politely1 y w f9d my au?ority 9 ord]s f headqu>t]s to cut out any c> 7no matt] ( :at class ( equipm5t7 ) a flat :eel4 ,:5 ! new :eels 7 9 place ! presid5t ( ! road put 8 h& ^u ! %\ld] ( ! c>-t9k] & m>*$ him upt[n4 ,! man obey$1 n kn[+ :at 0 com+ to him4 ,und]wood walk$ him /raight into a jewell]'s %op1 pick$ out ! be/ gold wat* 9 ! case & h&$ x to ! c>-t9k]4 ,y keep "r on obey+ ord]s1 he said4 ,! relations betwe5 a railroad presid5t at ! head ( ! organization1 & "s man :o /ruggles ahead 9 ! army ( :i* ! presid5t is g5]al1 w\ld make a :ole book4 ,!y /ill tell a /ory 9 ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia1 ( ,mr4 ,cassatt1 ! ,p5nsylvania's great presid5t1 & ! brakeman4 ,x seems t "o ( ! suburban locals t took ,cassatt to 8 c\ntry home up ! ma9 l9e 0 halt$ "o night by an unfri5dly signal4 ,! presid5t1 mildly wond]+ at ! delay1 f\nd 8 way to ! re> plat=m4 ,on ! l[] /ep ( t plat=m1 9 pla9 violation ( ! company's rule1 sat ! re> brakeman4 ,cassatt 0 nev] a man :o 0 quick ) words1 b he said 9 a l[ voice3 ,"y man1 isn't !re a rule on ?is road t a brakeman %all g a c]ta9 di/ance to ! re> ( a /all$ tra9 to protect x by dang] signal8 ,! brakeman spat ^u ! "r-(-way &1 )\t lift+ 8 eyes f x1 said3 ,if !re is1 x's none ( y\r damn bus9ess4 ,cassatt--! man :o c\ld /rike an arm ( ,p5nsylvania into ! he>t ( metropolitan ,new ,york at a co/ ( _m millions ( doll>s--0 mu* emb>rass$4 ,oh1 c]ta9ly x isn't1 he said ) an attempt at a smile4 ,i 0 m]ely ask+ = in=mation4 ,! next morn+ ! presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania summon$ ! tra9ma/] ( t suburban division to 8 desk & report$ ! matt]4 ,! tra9ma/] turn$ ?ree colors4 ,x 0 lse-maje/ ( ! mo/ he9\s sort4 ,he propos$ ! imm$iate dismissal ( ! (f5d+ brakeman4 ,cassatt rul$ aga9/ t4 ,he 0 too big a man to be seek+ to rob any brakeman ( 8 job4 ,j tell him1 he said to ! tra9ma/]1 ) a sugge/ion ( a smile ab\t 8 lips1 t he cuss$ ! presid5t1 & t1 z a p]sonal favor1 ,i %\ld l him to be m polite to pass5g]s 9 ! future4 ,no two railroad presid5ts come up to _! problem 9 q ! same way4 ,take ! two memb]s ( ! ,we/]n railroad _w--"o gone n[--,hill & ,h>riman4 ,9 ,j4 ,j4 ,hill's doma9 ! p]sonality ( ! man c\nts = ev]y?+4 ,he picks 8 m51 advances !m1 rejects or dismisses !m1 by a r>e intuitive s5se1 ) :i* he judges "*4 ,a high *ief 9 8 ranks once ask$ = a vacation 9 :i* to take 8 family to ,europe4 ,hill grant$ x4 ,:5 ! man came back f ,europe ano!r 0 at 8 desk4 ,hill did n approve ( long vacations1 & t 0 8 me?od ( %[+ x4 ,! dep>tm5t head %\ld h kn[n bett]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,h>riman measur$ 8 m5 imp]sonally--z if 9 a ma/] scale4 ,he measur$ !m by results4 ,a man might p]sonally be some:at repugnant to him1 b if he accompli%$ results = ! road1 he held 8 place1 at lea/ until "s "o came along :o c\ld d ev5 bett]4 ,w4 ,c4 ,br[n1 ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 & ,james ,mc,crea1 ( ! ,p5nsylvania1 are ! heads ( two railroads great 9 mileage & 9 volume ( traffic2 yet _! me?ods are 9 _m ess5tials radically diff]5t4 ,mc,crea is ! ess5ce ( ,p5nsylvania policy--coldly imp]sonal4 ,x is easi] to ga9 an audi5ce ) ! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an ) ! presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania4 ,no ,p5nsylvania man f presid5t d[n to ! l[e/ rank+ (fic]1 grants an int]view to a newspap] report]4 ,x w\ld be risky bus9ess = any (fic] ( ! ,p5nsylvania to h 8 photograph publi%$ or himself glorifi$ by reason ( 8 connection ) ! company4 ,! company is ! corporation4 ,:5 x speaks1 x speaks imp]sonally ?r\gh its press ag5t1 a clev] "y man ) clev] assi/ants1 :o bo? answ]s newspap] que/ions & advances newspap] in=mation4 ,8 function is a new "o ( ! ,am]ican railroad1 & allies itself directly ) ! (fice ( ! presid5t4 ,w4 ,c4 ,br[n1 ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 probably /&s prem95t to-day among ,am]ican railroad executives4 ,he has %\ld]$ himself up f ! ranks ( ! railroad army1 & only good wi%es h gone to him z he has /epp$ f "o high po/ to a /ill high] "o4 ,he has come1 z n9e out ( t5 successful executives h come1 f ! op]at+ end ( ! railroad4 ,br[n is p>ticul>ly accessible to newspap] report]s4 ,he talks ) !m1 c>efully & pa9/ak+ly1 & sees to x t !y are correctly in=m$ z to ea* ( ! great railroad problems ( ! day4 ,he believes s9c]ely t ! head ( a railroad %\ld be p]sonality & t ! p]sonality %\ld /& =? directly 9 ! guidance ( ! prop]ty4 ,9 8 own case1 at lea/1 he has demon/rat$ ! value ( 8 !ory4 ,= all ?is "w & all ?is /ra91 ! railroad presid5t dem&s t he be adequately paid4 ,he has a good _m p]quisites--*ief among !m a com=table private c> at 8 beck & call2 b p]quisites are n sal>y4 ,! head & front ( ! ,am]ican railroad to-day receives any:]e f #ae1jjj to #ge1jjj2 an a/oni%+ly l>ge p]c5tage ( railroad presid5ts are receiv+ at lea/ #ej1jjj annually4 ,b !y "w = _! pay--sometimes ) _! life-devotion1 z 9 ! case ( ! big man :o built ! big t]m9al2 o!r times ) ! h>d s5se ( ! presid5t :o b\ght 8 /eel gird]s & c>s 9 ! "t ( panic4 ,"h is a case 9 po9t4 ,a road 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 :i* 0 s compact z to make x q local 9 "*1 _h a big traffic proposition to h&le & 0 h&l+ x 9 a mis]able fa%ion4 ,"o local celebrity aft] ano!r tackl$ x1 until ! directors 7 lay+ side bets ) "o ano!r z to ! precise day :5 ! receiv] %\ld walk into ! (fice4 ,f9ally1 ,ea/]n capital1 :i* 0 heavily int]e/$ 9 ! prop]ty1 revolt$ at ! local (f]+s1 & s5t out an op]at+ man ) a big reputation to take hold ( x4 ,! directors receiv$ him ) a c]ta9 veil$ di/ru/ z com+ f ano!r l&1 b 9 ! end !y hir$ him4 ,! matt] ( sal>y came up la/ ( all4 ,fifty ?\s&1 said ! ,new ,york] 9 a l[ voice4 ,"o ( ! local directors spoke up4 ,fifte5 ?\s&6 said he4 ,x's out ( ! "q4 ,we've nev] paid m ?an twelve4 ,s ,i %\ld imag9e1 0 ! dry response4 ,b ,i said fifty1 n fifte54 ,! con/]nation t foll[$ may be imag9$6 ,9 ! end ! ,new ,york] c>ri$ 8 po9t4 ,at ! end ( j twelve mon?s he _h1 ?r\gh 8 acqua9tance 9 ,wall ,/reet1 & 8 ke5 insight into ! big *annels ( f9ance1 cut t little road's int]e/ *>ges j #hjj1jjj a ye>4 ,! receiv] has n come yet4 ,! road has accompli%$ a miracle & has begun to pay divid5ds4 ,!re is ano!r miracle to relate4 ,la/ spr+1 ! directors ( ! road vot$ an increase 9 sal>y to _! presid5t--& he c\rte\sly refus$ x6 ,i ?9k ! presid5cy ( ?is road is wor? #ej1jjj a ye>1 he said1 frankly1 & n "o c5t m4 ,t is ! way a presid5t %\ld /& above & ) 8 bo>d4 ,only a little "t ago1 ano!r presid5t1 :o _h no easi] proposition to set ^u its feet1 0 criticis$ by a qu]ul\s old director = 8 lavi% use ( private c>s & special tra9s4 ,t presid5t 0 hav+ 8 own tr\bles--8 job _h no s(t places2 b he said no?+ :5 ! te/y old fell[ lectur$ him z he might h lectur$ a s9-fill$ s*oolboy4 ,:5 ! director 0 done1 ! presid5t spoke 9 a l[ voice4 ,g5tlem51 my resignation is on ! table1 0 8 reply to ! c5sure4 ,! next mom5t !re 0 con/]nation 9 t bo>d4 ,! presid5t slipp$ out ( ! room & left !m to consid] ! matt]4 ,:5 he return$1 ! *airman ( ! bo>d1 :o _h nodd$ 9 half approval at ! c5sure1 0 at ! door to greet him4 ,we refuse to accept y\r resignation1 he said2 b ! bo>d does feel t y ought to h a new c>--! pres5t "o's gett+ %abby1 ,phil4 ,& 9 t mom5t ! presid5t felt t 8 "w _h ga9$ "o little ounce ( appreciation4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,legal ,,& ,,f9ancial ,,dep>tm5ts ,,functions ,,( ,,g5]al ,,c\nsel1 ,,& ,,^? ,,( ,,g5]al ,,attorney--,a ,,%rewd ,,legal ,,m9d',s ,,wor? ,,to ,a ,,railroad--,,! ,,function ,,( ,,! ,,claim-,,ag5t--,,m5 ,,& ,,wom5 ,,:o ,,feign ,,injury--,,! ,,secret ,,s]vice ,,z ,,an ,,aid ,,to ,,! ,,claim-,,ag5t--,,wages ,,( ,,employees ,,! ,,greate/ ,,( ,a ,,railroad',s ,,exp5ditures--,,! ,,pay-,,c>--,,! ,,comptroll] ,,or ,,auditor--,,division ,,( ,,! ,,income ,,f ,,?r\gh ,,tickets--,,claims ,,= ,,lo/ ,,or ,,damag$ ,,freight--,,pur*as+-,,ag5t ,,& ,,/ore-,,keep]4 ,at ! v elb[ ( ! railroad presid5t /&s ! g5]al c\nsel4 ,he is %rewd1 res\rceful1 diplomatic4 ,he has quick p]ception & action1 ! fai? & ! loyalty ( a fri5d4 ,9 _m cases he is a p]sonal (fic] ( ! presid5t--9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,if !re is a *ange ( adm9i/ration ( ! railroad1 !re is apt to be a *ange 9 ! (fice ( ! g5]al c\nsel4 ,if ,b----1 :o has be5 guid+ ! de/9ies ( ! ,t4 ,s41 goes to ,transcont95tal1 he is apt to take ,y----1 8 g5]al c\nsel along ) him4 ,= except 9 ! case ( "s exquisitely organiz$ roads l ! ,p5nsylvania1 = in/ance1 ! g5]al c\nsel is 9 e s5se p]sonal to ! presid5t4 ,he advises him privately1 urges him to ?is /ep1 cautions him f t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! g5]al attorney is m apt to be ! legal (fic] ( ! railroad4 ,l ! g5]al c\nsel he has an old-fa%ion$ pride 9 8 pr(ession t makes him hesitate at accept+ a vice-presid5cy2 he likes ! r+ ( g5]al attorney or g5]al c\nsel 9 8 own e>s4 ,railroad hi/ory & tradition bo? g to prove t4 ,he w h>dly drop ^? titles = any?+ less ?an t ( presid5t4 ,! g5]al attorney1 unlike ! g5]al c\nsel1 9 mo/ cases w make 8 (fices 9 ! railroad's headqu>t]s4 ,he w h&le its litigation1 & if 9 half a doz5 ye>s he c br+ d[n its v]dict co/s f #a1bej1jjj to #gej1jjj = an av]age twelve mon?1 z "o man did1 he w be well wor? ! l>ge sal>y t he dem&s & gets4 ,& 8 sal>y w be only "o ( _m ( ! heavy exp5ses ( ! legal dep>tm5t4 ,:5 t function>y asks = money he gets x & )\t _m que/ion+s4 ,! op]at+ dep>tm5t1 ! traffic dep>tm5t1 ! eng9e]s1 may h to give %>p acc\nt = _! appropriations2 ! legal end ( ! railroad is tru/$ to accompli% accurate results1 )\t detail$ acc\nt+4 ,9 "s cases x might prove emb>rass+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y want to "k ! value ( ! %rewd & p]ceptive legal m9d to a big railroad8 ,"h is a case t proves 8 wor?3 ,a c]ta9 transportation company 9 ! ,ea/ _h a legal vice-presid5t :o _m p suppos$ 0 a political h]itage to ! road1 a man = :om x 0 suppos$ a b]? _h be5 made by ! own] ( ! prop]ty1 :o 0 some?+ ( a politician himself4 ,a quick turn+ ( ! :eel ( =tune _h ?r[n "o political p>ty out ( bus9ess at ! capital1 & ano!r 94 ,! man 0 giv5 a place 9 ! railroad (fices1 & a little lat] 0 made a vice-presid5t4 ,x s happ5$ t ! vice-presid5t knew m ?an suppos]s might ev5 imag9e2 b he 0 a quiet man1 & sometimes "s ( 8 own cl]ks wond]$ :y he drew 8 big sal>y4 ,aft] he _h be5 at 8 desk a doz5 ye>s !y f\nd ! reason4 ,9 ga!r+ up a numb] ( railroad prop]ties to make ! p>5t company--aft] ! fa%ion ( mod]n railroad practice--"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! old-"t units 0 f\nd to be 9 woefully %abby physical =m4 ,x 0 a valuable road 9 ! consolidation4 ,! new p>5t 0 will+ to gu>antee an annual r5tal ( #aj p] c5t on its /ock2 b z a railroad x fairly %ook at ! knees4 ,x /ood 9 dire ne$ ( recon/ruction1 & ! m5 :o 7 (f]+ x a high r5tal made t a provision ( ! deal4 ,! old road f9ally agre$ to sp5d #ab1jjj1jjj 9 revis+ its l9e & 9 buy+ new locomotives1 c>s1 & bridges4 ,) mu* ado x accompli%$ its revision1 & br\ght itself up clos] to mod]n /&>ds ( railroad+4 ,a decade lat] :5 ! gov]nm5tal sup]vision ( ! railroads _h come into ! full flu% ( its au?ority1 ! quiet vice-presid5t _h an armful ( ,/ate commission reports & v\*]s br\ght to 8 desk4 ,he lock$ himself 9 8 room1 & 9 a week he _h made f !m a #bj1jjj-^w ab/ract 9 long h&4 ,!n he took 8 report 9 to ! presid5t ( ! road4 ,! acute m9d ( t g5]al c\nsel--y see t he 0 vice-presid5t 9 ?is p>ticul> case--se>*+ "h & !re & ev]y:]e1 _h discov]$ a m\se-hole4 ,! old-"t road _h n fulfill$ its "p ( ! contract4 ,x _h f\nd t x c\ld revise its l9es at a co/ ( a little less ?an #i1jjj1jjj & _h quietly pocket$ ! *ange4 ,! big r5t-pay+ consolidation w5t into ! c\rts1 aft] its cool1 impassive way4 ,! case w5t to a ref]ee & ! ref]ee took f\r ye>s to he> ! case & decide x4 ,!re 7 #e1jjj exhibits (f]$ 9 evid5ce & #h1jjj closely writt5 pages ( evid5ce1 mak+ a case ne>ly equal to t ( ! receiv]%ip ( ! ,metropolitan ,/reet ,railway ,company ( ,new ,york ,city1 :i* fills tw5ty pudgy volumes ( "s #hjj pages ea*4 ,! ref]ee decid$ 9 favor ( ! p>5t company1 & r5d]$ a v]dict close to #f1jjj1jjj1 pr9cipal & int]e/4 ,! case 0 appeal$1 & su/a9$4 ,t vice-presid5t _h prov$ 8 wor?4 ,! presid5t ( ! def5dant road came to him4 ,we simply c't pay1 he plead$4 ,we've no res]ve fund4 ,!n we w take x out ( y\r r5tal1 0 ! emotionless reply ( ! quiet vice-presid5t4 ,t type ( man /&s =? z a possibility to e "o ( ! doz5s & doz5s ( "y m5 :o make ! ma9 /aff ( ! railroad's legal dep>tm5t4 ,^? fell[s come to ! railroad fre% f ! law s*ools4 ,_! sal>ies are small b _! exp]i5ce & _! opportunities are enorm\s4 ,x is a f> bett] c>e] at ! beg9n+ ?an a briefless exi/5ce 9 "o's own (fice1 ev5 ?\gh "o's own "n is emblazon$ 9 brilliant gilt lett]s ^u ! door4 ,a "y man com+ into ! legal dep>tm5t ( a l>ge railroad has a div]sity ( "w (f]$ him4 ,he draws up ! simple/ ( pap]s at fir/1 acts z assi/ant to a trial lawy]1 !n f9ally comes to ! "t :5 he w alone fight ! railroad's case 9 "s m9or cause 9 a small c\rt4 ,aft] t ! causes get bigg]1 ! c\rts m important1 he beg9s to delve into law libr>ies & to write briefs4 ,gradually he em]ges into a full-fl$g$ lawy]4 ,he may ev5tually become g5]al attorney or g5]al c\nsel1 & he may f9d himself welcome to ! p>tn]%ip ( "s really important law firm4 ,he has k t may be ( value 9 fight+ ! railroad2 :e!r he w use t k 9 aft]w>ds fight+ 8 employ] is a matt] = 8 own consci5ce to det]m9e4 ,!re are special dep>tm5ts "u ! ma9 head+ ( ! law dep>tm5t4 ,c\nsel1 ! able/ ( c\nsel1 is reta9$ at ea* important po9t rea*$ by ! railroad1 & ^! c\nsel mu/ act 9 conjunction & cop]ation ) headqu>t]s4 ,special tax c\nsel h an important (fice by !mselves1 = ! railroad sometimes f9ds itself 9 a difficult position4 ,9 its pride x may ann\nce to ! _w1 ?r\gh ! newspap]s1 t ! new ,b+t[n depot has co/ #djj1jjj1 b :5 ! ,b+t[n apprais]s come ar\nd1 possess+ 9 _! bosoms no inh]5t love = ! railroad1 ^? newspap] clipp+s 9 _! h&s1 ! tax c\nsel beg9s to e>n 8 sal>y4 ,9 ^! days ( ,f$]al & ,/ate sup]vision & regulation ( railroad managem5t1 ) n[ & !n an ald]manic *amb] or a c\nty bo>d ( sup]visors try+ its h& at ! game1 !re is sure to be special c\nsel1 g5]ally kn[n z ! comm]ce or commission c\nsel1 assign$ to ! compla9ts & he>+s4 ,= intricate1 involv$1 or unusual cases ! road may g outside ( its own ranks & hire special c\nsel--lawy]s :o are speciali/s 9 ! v ?+ involv$4 ,j z ! big & tactful attorney /&s back ( ! railroad's presid5t1 s !re cr\*es at 8 feet ! claim-ag5t ( ! company1 :o is its wat*-dog & its sc5t+ h\nd4 ,back ( ?is claim-ag5t1 :o mu/ h a*iev$ a reputation = ke5-sight$ness & m>k$ ability be=e receiv+ 8 position1 is a busy company ( claim ag5ts1 at headqu>t]s & e division headqu>t]s ^u ! sy/em4 ,toge!r1 ^! =m a militant organization t /&s ) ! legal dep>tm5t to def5d ! railroad's treasury aga9/ indiscrim9ate raid+4 ,sometimes1 because ! "w dovetails 9 _m ways closely ) t ( ! op]at+ dep>tm5t1 ^! claim-ag5ts "w "u ! ord] ( ! g5]al manag] & ! division sup]9t5d5ts4 ,a sly old fell[ :o once head$ a big road 9 ! ,middle ,we/ once expla9$ ! reason :y--9 ! case ( 8 prop]ty--)\t ev5 a trace ( a smile4 ,john says1 he 0 speak+ ( 8 own g5]al c\nsel1 t a claim-ag5t c't be yank$ up be=e any ( ^! t\*y b> associations & *>g$ ) unpr(essional practices if we c %[ cases--t !y're j railroad m5 & n lawy]s1 at all4 ,t 0 an exagg]at$ case4 ,z a rule1 ! "y claim-ag5t has abundant ne$ to be ^u 8 mettle4 ,! public1 ) an inborn it*+ aga9/ ! corporation1 keeps him ^u t mettle4 ,! man :o has _h a slight bump ^u a railroad tra9--to make an in/ance--hunts out ! claim (fice at headqu>t]s4 ,he gets quick treatm5t & mighty c\rte\s treatm5t4 ,if he c prove himself 9 any way entitl$ to a reimbursem5t1 he gets x--9 ca% ^u ! spot4 ,likewise he signs a release--a mo/ pond]\s & impressive docum5t4 ,:5 8 ,john ,smi? goes ^u t docum5t he has1 9 its own magnific5t phras+ 9 consid]ation ( money receiv$ releas$ ! railroad company f all obligation to him f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 ! fall ( man & ! decl9e ( ! ,roman ,empire up to ! v mom5t ( ! sign+4 ,he goes home1 pretty well satisfi$ ) himself4 ,x 0 only a little bump at t4 ,a tw5ty-five c5t bottle ( arnica _h made him physically himself once aga92 & z = 8 suit1 well1 t 0 pretty well worn1 anyway1 & ?ree doll>s to a tailor w\ld make x a good second be/ = next w9t]4 ,he feels t ! t5 doll>s t ! railroad gave him 0 pretty abundant comp5sation4 ,b wait until he sees 8 neighbor4 ,! neighbor almo/ fro?s at ! m\? :5 he he>s ( ! transaction--( ! impressively word$ release t 0 sign$4 ,y're a *ump1 he says4 ,y c\ld h gone to b$1 /ay$ !re a week & !y w\ld h be5 glad to give y a hundr$4 ,aft] :i* ! man looks ^u 8 t5 doll>s ) contempt & a feel+ ( injury1 & becomes a corporation hat]4 ,or p]haps he 0 really hurt & _h "s sort ( a bill f 8 doctor & 8 druggi/1 lo/ "t to be comp5sat$ at 8 job4 ,! railroad has figur$ ^! toge!r & paid him ! sum1 ) ! sign+ ( ! release z a necess>y feature ( ! transaction4 ,! ?+ 0 n v s]i\s1 we w say1 9 ?is in/ance also1 & ! hundr$ doll>s t he receiv$ 0 really a fair comp5sation4 ,n[ wat* ! neighbor1 :o x happ5s is a pretty %rewd attorney3 ,let me take ! case1 ev5 n[1 he urges slyly4 ,i'll get a v]dict ( five ?\s& = y1 if y are wise1 & we w divide ! proce$s4 ,b ,i've sign$ _! release1 groans ! o!r4 ,! %y/] laughs 9 8 face4 ,y 7 drugg$1 he :isp]s1 drugg$1 & we w prove x4 ,t is n an exagg]at$ case4 ,x is ! sort ( ?+ t ! railroad's claim-ag5ts are combat+ e day ( ! ye>2 & !n wond] n1 t "s ( !m f9ally lose ! f9e s5se ( honor1 !mselves4 ,& beyond ?is class ( folk1 is ano!r--no?+ less ?an crim9al4 ,!re are m5 & wom5 9 ?is broad l& :o make a bus9ess ( feign+ injury1 & make x a pretty a/ute bus9ess1 too1 s t !y may dig deep into ! /rong-boxes ( ! railroad4 ,! mo/ dramatic ( ?is p>ticul> br& ( nature fakirs has be5 ,edw>d ,pape1 ! man ) ! brok5 neck4 ,pape has a mo/ rem>kable de=mity & has n be5 sl[ to avail himself ( x z a money-mak+ device f> beyond ! figures t might be quot$ = him by circus side-%[s or dime museums4 ,pape makes a specialty ( ! trolley companies4 ,he c s alight f a c>1 com+ sl[ly to a /op1 t he w fall & g roll+ into ! gutt]4 ,in/antly !re is excitem5t & a gr\p ( m5 to pick up ! pro/rate =m4 ,he is f\nd to be badly injur$ & is hurri$ to a hospital4 ,!re ! int]nes discov] t he has a brok5 neck4 ,a m>vell\s set ( ,x-ray photographs are made1 & ! railroad is usually will+ to settle a l>ge ca% sum r ?an /& suit4 ,)9 a week he w probably be away & practis+ 8 trick on "s unsuspect+ railroad4 ,!re 0 a "t ov] 9 ,philadelphia t 0 hell1 ,pape once told ! writ]4 ,i'd j f9i%$ my fancy fall1 & !y got me into ! sickh\se & rigg$ out mo/ to kill4 ,!y put hip-boots on me !re 9 b$1 ) _! soles fa/5$ to ! foot-bo>d & a rubb] b&age "u my *9 & ov] my head4 ,!y put sev5ty-five p\nds 9 weights on a cord & a pulley-jigg] to t b&age & x ne>ly kill$ me all day long4 ,at night ,i us$ to wait until x 0 d>k & !n ,i'd haul up ! weights & put !m "u ! blanket ) me4 ,o!rwise1 ,i don't "k h[ ,i'd 'a' got my sleep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,freight ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,,requires ,a ,,v]itable ,,army ,,( ,,cl]ks ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f>m] ,,:o ,,su$ ,,! ,,railroad ,,= ,,p]man5t ,,injuries--,,z ,,! ,,detectives ,,) ,,_! ,,cam]as ,,f\nd ,,him ,little ?+s l ! discom=t ( hospital treatm5t & se>*+ exam9ations by railroad surgeons d n seem to disc\rage ^! crim9als4 ,!y take ^! z necess>y h>d%ips t g ) _! pr(ession4 ,+a ,hanson1 ! woman :o imp]sonat$ deafness1 dumbness1 bl9dness & p>alysis to w9 a heavy v]dict f ! ,*icago ,city ,railway ,company1 & :o 0 aft]w>ds convict$ ( p]jury1 0 :eel$ daily into ! c\rt-room 9 a *air app>5tly no?+ m ?an a liv+1 in]t1 %apeless mass ( humanity1 exquisitely tra9$ to enact h] role ( deception4 ,sometimes ! claim-ag5ts1 work+ 9 conjunction ) ! railroad's secret s]vice1 h us$ ! cam]a to great advantage4 ,a f>m] :o lives 9 ,new ,j]sey drove into a seabo>d city ) a load ( produce4 ,at a grade cross+1 a swit*-eng9e ov]turn$ 8 craft1 ab\t z g5tly z su* an accid5t c\ld be accompli%$4 ,! f>m] 0 lucky 9 t he 0 bruis$1 r ?an s]i\sly hurt4 ,!n he saw a lawy] & le>n$ t he 0 incapacitat$ = life by sev]e int]nal injuries4 ,he ent]$ suit = #be1jjj aga9/ ! railroad4 ,!re 0 a case = ! secret-s]vice bureau ( ! railroad1 & x took little "t to f9d ! "r detectives1 husky en\gh to get out into ! fields & "w = f\r long weeks z f>mh&s4 ,:5 ! ,j]sey f>m] began hay+ t ,augu/1 he f\nd less tr\ble ?an he _h ev] be=e exp]i5c$ 9 hir+ l[-pric$ help4 ,he 0 able to get two big lads1 :o 7 h>d work]s4 ,x 0 a big hay ye> & ! f>m] 0 n av]se to turn+ 9 to d 8 "p ( ! "w4 ,he lik$ to be ) ! boys he _h hir$ & "o ( !m _h a cam]a t he c\ld take great pictures )4 ,he %[$ him "s ( ! pictures t he took ^? ,augu/ days on ! ,j]sey f>m4 ,! f>m] lik$ !m imm5sely4 ,he lik$ !m r less :5 8 attorney came d[n f ! city "o day1 ) pr9ts ( ! same pictures t _h be5 s5t him by ! law dep>tm5t ( ! railroad4 ,! f>m] 0 giv5 a *ance to )draw f ! limelight or else /& a crim9al trial = p]jury1 ) ! p5it5ti>y's gray walls loom+ up beh9d4 ,he took ! *ance4 ,few ( ! di%one/ claimants w proce$ aft] su* evid5ce has be5 put be=e !m4 ,z = ! railroad1 x usually works bett] ?r\gh gett+ sign$ confessions ( guilt ?an by go+ ?r\gh ! some:at int5se work+s ( a crim9al trial4 ,! secret s]vice /&s j back ( ! claim-ag5ts4 ,x has great] or less recognition 9 ! case ( diff]5t railroads b its "w is g5]ally mu* ! same4 ,x is police4 ,sometimes x is organiz$ l ! police dep>tm5t ( a small city1 ) capta9s & inspectors at v>i\s division headqu>t]s1 & at o!r times its v exi/5ce is d5i$ by ! railroad heads4 ,b its "w is mu* ! same4 ,its m51 g5]ally *os5 = fitness f city police or detective /affs1 sometimes root out tramps or small ?ieves along ! l9e & 9 ! freight-y>ds1 sometimes 9 gay uni=m patrol ! plat=ms ( cr[d$ pass5g] t]m9als1 sometimes "w ) greate/ secrecy 9 pla9 clo!s--:i* 9 ?is case may be jeans or ov]alls--to detect !ft or treason among employees1 & sometimes !y receive _! greate/ laurels 9 connection ) ! fake suits t are br\ght aga9/ ! railroad4 ,! secret-s]vice works night & day4 ,its memb]s1 ) ! claim-ag5ts1 are at ! sc5e ( a s]i\s accid5t z quickly z ! wreck+-tra9 itself4 ,toge!r ) ! railroad's own corps ( surgeons1 reta9$ 9 e important t[n1 & *os5 = absolute hone/y & integrity1 !y =m an important adjunct ( ! p]sonal injury claim s]vice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! f9ancial (fic] ( ! railroad is1 ( c\rse1 ! treasur]4 ,x is he :o receives its e>n+s--runn+ possibly into a hundr$ millions doll>s 9 ! c\rse ( a twelvemon?--& disburses !m = supplies & = wages1 = taxes & = bond c\pons1 &1 x is to be hop$1 = divid5ds4 ,he works ?r\gh appo9t$ banks2 & ! bank presid5t :o c g out & capture "o or two good railroad acc\nts = 8 in/itution has e>n$ 8 sal>y = sev]al ye>s to come4 ,! selection ( ! banks is "o ( ! dramatic phases ( ! inside politics ( railroad+2 x is a cause ( con/ant wire-pull+s & he>tburn+s4 ,d y see t :it$ sepul*re d[n !re8 a big railroad head laughs to y z he po9ts to a :ite m>ble skyscrap] clos+ ! vi/a ( a city canyon4 ,?is road built t temple ( bus9ess4 ,our acc\nt is its backbone4 ,sometimes we deposit a million doll>s a day & x is no uncommon ?+ = our balance !re1 approa*+ c\pon or divid5d times to rea* sixte5 or sev5te5 million doll>s4 ,he laughs aga91 !n gr[s confid5tial4 ,we're 9 a bit ( a hole1 he admits4 ,"s ( ! big manufactur]s d[nt[n are organiz+ a bank1 & x looks z if x 0 go+ to be a pretty solid sort ( in/itution4 ,!y want a big acc\nt f u1 & our traffic p are urg+ _! cause4 ,9 ! long run !y'll get ! acc\nt4 ,!n he expla9s to y t ! railroad endeavors to hold d[n its bank acc\nts1 al?\gh x mu/ h !m 9 a l>ge numb] ( diff]5t cities1 to avoid ! long %ipm5ts ( l>ge quantities ( money4 ,! ag5ts & ! conductors w1 foll[+ a c>efully arrang$ sy/em1 s5d _! receipts to ! ne>e/ designat$ banks1 mail+ memor&um slips ( ! deposit bo? to ! treasur] & to ! comptroll]4 ,! bank 9 its turn1 s5ds receipt slips to bo? ( ^! (fic]s1 s ! deposit transaction is h$g$ ab\t ) a suffici5t degree ( =mality & detail4 ,:5 x comes to pay out its money1 ! railroad has no less5$ degree ( =mality & detail4 ,= ! wages ( its employees--g5]ally ! greate/ ( all exp5ditures--! railroad has prop] sy/em & ord]4 ,! payma/] makes out ! volum9\s pay-rolls1 !y are ea* prop]ly atte/$ by ! heads ( dep>tm5ts2 & = 8 pay-roll totals1 ! necess>y v\*]s are issu$ to him by ! treasur]4 ,he may pay ! railroad army by *eck or he may s5d 8 deputies out ov] ! sy/em 9 ! pay-c>s4 ,! pay-c> is "o ( ! pleasante/ ( ! surviv+ old-"t railroad cu/oms4 ,! %riek ( ! :i/le ( ! eng9e t hauls x is ! pleasante/ melody t c come to ! e>s ( ! man out ^u ! l9e4 ,to %uffle 9 a long l9e up to its plat=m w9d[ :]e ! railroad's money is be+ paid out 9 t9y envelopes1 z ea* man signs ! impressive roll1 is "o ( ! greate/ joys t anticipation c hold out4 ,z ! c> makes its r\t9e trip ov] ! l9e ea* mon? or ea* =tnight1 x draws its money f ! v>i\s repository banks1 or else ! ca% is =w>d$ to x at division po9ts f headqu>t]s4 ,b1 l _m old cu/oms1 ! pay-c> is disappe>+4 ,! railroads are m & m pay+ _! m5 by *eck4 ,x is a bett] sy/em 9 _m ways4 ,x avoids ! h&l+ ( l>ge sums ( money1 & _m ( ! m5 pref] n to h a roll ( bills ?ru/ into _! h&s4 ,! old prejudice among !m aga9/ *ecks is practically ov]4 ,! *ecks are con/ant inc5tives t[>d sav+1 ! small banks 9 ! little t[n are %rewdly rea*+ = ! acc\nts ( ! ?rifty railroad]s4 ,!re may n be mu* = ! bank 9 j "o ( ^! acc\nts1 b !y c quickly multiply into consid]able sums4 ,we h already spok5 ( ! comptroll]2 he is call$ ! auditor ^u "s ( our railroads4 ,! comptroll] is ! mo/ passionless & unemotional ( all railroad (ficials4 ,he measures ! wor? ( 8 fell[s by cold ma!matical rules1 by addition1 by subtraction1 by multiplication1 by division4 ,ev5 z big a man z ! presid5t may %udd] at ! result ( su* coldly accurate measur+s4 ,no moneys are receiv$1 none sp5t1 )\t ! k & approval ( ! comptroll]4 ,he is really a f9e balance-:eel ( ! sy/em1 a gov]nor work+ 9 exact accord ) ! laws ( ! anci5t & wond]fully accurate sci5ce ( numb]s4 ,by 8 computations m5 rise1 m5 fall4 ,he is ! keep] ( ! rule & keep] ( ! weight4 ,8 (fice organization reflects 8 own measure ( accuracy4 ,z a rule1 an auditor ( disbursem5ts & auditors ( tickets & ( freight receipts report are 8 *ief assi/ants at headqu>t]s4 ,a corps ( %>p-ey$ "y m51 ea* also hav+ an almighty respect = ma!matical accuracy1 w be up & d[n ! l9e = him1 cat*+ up c>eless ag5ts on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r g5tly %[+ !m h[ to keep _! acc\nts bett]1 & con=m m c>efully to ! company's e/abli%$ /&>ds4 ,sometimes ! c> acc\ntant1 a man :o wat*es ! mileage ( ! company's c>s travell+ ov] o!r roads1 & ! equipm5t ( o!r roads scurry+ ov] ! home sy/em1 reports to ! comptroll]1 (t5]1 h[ev]1 directly to ! op]at+ dep>tm5t4 ,all ^! make a consid]able (fice--an (fice :i* usually treads its monoton\s pa? & r>ely becomes n]v\sly excit$2 an (fice to be well consid]$ 9 ! organization ( ! railroad4 ,! "w ( t (fice falls q naturally into ?ree *annels--z we h already indicat$--pass5g] receipts1 freight receipts & disbursem5ts1 & g5]al acc\nts4 ,9 ! pass5g] receipts ! acc\nt+ has1 ( c\rse1 to d ) ! sale ( tickets1 & ! ca% f>e collections made by conductors ^u ! tra9s4 ,?is w\ld be simple en\gh bookkeep+ if a good _m ye>s ago ! int]l9e or c\pon ticket1 entitl+ ! be>] to ride ^u sev]al diff]5t roads1 _h n come into popul>ity4 ,to apportion ! rev5ue ( a ticket betwe5 ! half-doz5 diff]5t l9es ^u :i* x has be5 us$ requires almo/ no end ( sy/em & acc\nt+4 ,once a mon? ea* road has an acc\nt+ ) its fell[s1 ) :om x is engag$ 9 sell+ ?r\gh tickets4 ,! c\pons !mselves are ! v\*]s1 & ca% balances ( a s+le road--because ( ! freight z well z ! pass5g] bus9ess--may be kept /&+ 9 ! treasuries ( sev]al hundr$ o!r roads4 ,x is a sy/em q z intricate1 9 itself1 z ! relations betwe5 city & c\ntry bank+ & yet x is only a s+le small phase ( ! conduct ( ! railroad4 ,! auditor ( ticket receipts mu/ also1 ?r\gh ?is /aff organization1 make %>p exam9ation ( ! tickets t are turn$ 9 by ! conductors at ! end ( ea* day's run4 ,he mu/ see to x t ! conductor is nei!r c>eless nor any?+ worse4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases he w br+ ! matt] quickly to ! att5tion ( ! op]at+ dep>tm5t4 ,9 addition to ! railroad sell+ its tickets !re are also railroad pass5g] traffic organizations1 half a doz5 or m important ones across ! c\ntry1 :i* are engag$ 9 sell+ v>i\s =ms ( railroad transportation4 ,9 "s cases ?is takes ! %ape ( a mileage-book :i* may be honor$ by fifte5 or tw5ty diff]5t l9es4 ,! book w p]haps be sold = #be4jj & w p]mit ( #a1jjj miles' rid+ at a sav+ ov] local f>es1 if ! pur*as] comply ) its provisions4 ,if he has compli$ ) its provisions )9 ! ye>'s life ( ! book1 he w be paid #e rebate ^u return ( its cov] :i* has giv5 him 8 rid+ at two c5ts a mile4 ,sometimes ^! books take ! =m ( scrip :i* is sil5t ^u mileage b :i* has its /rip divid$ into five-c5t portions1 sold at :olesale1 z x 71 at a fraction less ?an five c5ts ea*4 ,9 any case1 !re is m "w = ! auditor :o h&les pass5g] receipts1 & if ! railroad is 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 = in/ance1 :]e !re is q a model law 9 effect regulat+ ^! ?+s he w h to be v c>eful h[ he h&les ! acc\nts = ^! peculi> mileage books4 ,! law tells him t he mu/ n cr$it ! :ole #be to pass5g] receipts1 = ! law seems to po9t to ev5 f9] l9es ?an ! comptroll]4 ,he _c ev5 subtract ! #e :i* w probably return to ! pur*as]1 & *>ge ! #bj to receipts4 ,! mileage-book sales mu/ be cr$it$ to a sep>ate acc\nt1 & only transf]r$ to ! ma9 receipts ( ! railroad z ! /rip is turn$ 9 = passage1 a few miles at a "t4 ,d y wond] !n t ! comptroll] sometimes gr[s gray-hair$1 t ! va/ r\t9e ( 8 (fice swells trem5d\sly f ye> to ye>8 ,! pass5g] receipts are almo/ always less ?an half ( ! income acc\nts ( 8 (fices4 ,!y are ! ,a1 ,b1 ,c comp>$ ) ! delici\s tangle t comes :5 ! freight waybills come 9 by ! hundr$ ?\s&1 & ea* little road mu/ receive ! la/ p5ny due to x4 ,t feature alone w sometimes keep #djj cl]ks scrat*+ _! p5s 9 a s+le (fice1 w involve _m1 _m m balances & cross-balances betwe5 ! railroads4 ,& beyond t complication is /ill ano!r1 ! con/ant inve/igation & settlem5t ( freight claims t come p\r+ 9 aga9/ ! railroad4 ,!re is ano!r job = a /aff ( compet5t m54 ,if x is an ov]*>ge claim1 ! r\t9e is comp>atively simple4 ,! audit (fice %\ld h in=mation at h& suffici5t to decl9e ! claim or settle x imm$iately4 ,b if ! claim is = lo/ or damag$ freight1 ! ?+ complicates4 ,be=e ! freight claim dep>tm5t w draw a v\*] aga9/ ! treasur]1 x w h to assure its own consci5ce t ! claim is fairly sub/antiat$ by ! facts4 ,f ^! receipts1 comb9$ ) ^? f r5tals ( express or telegraph privileges or ! l1 ! railroad pays its bills--pays its m51 z we h already se54 ,x pays its taxes & its bond c\pons & its fire insurance1 & apportions ^! z f> z possible ov] ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye> t x may keep a fairly ev5 balance betwe5 receipts & exp5ditures4 ,! o!r bills are paid by prop]ly sign$ & atte/$ v\*]s1 :i* are bankable l *ecks1 & :i* are inde$ ! v be/ =m ( *eck1 because !y are ^u _! face a receipt /at+ ! precise reason = :i* a c]ta9 sum ( money 0 paid4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! comptroll]1 or ! auditor1 z y may pref] to call him1 has become m & m ( a /ati/ician4 ,he prep>es tables z to locomotive p]=mances1 obta9+ 8 figures f ! me*anical dep>tm5t2 he c tell y to an ounce ! av]age c>load ( ! sy/em = any giv5 mon?4 ,he fairly seems to revel 9 8 own developm5t ( ! sci5ce ( numb]s4 ,tra9 & c> /ati/ics w probably %[ ! numb] ( tra9s ( diff]5t classes1 ! mileage ( ! same1 ! mileage ( empty & ( load$ c>s1 & ! direction ( _! movem5t4 ,locomotive /ati/ics run to mileage1 consumption ( fuel & ( /ores1 & ! co/ ( labor & mat]ial = repairs4 ,9 addition to all ^! ! comptroll] w probably prep>e /ati/ics ( locomotive p]=mances--s _m miles to "o ton ( coal & "o p9t ( oil4 ,!n he w %[ ! av]age co/ ( coal by ! ton & ( oil by ! gallon1 = ! railroad nev] =gets ! co/4 ,x is co/ t really makes ! excuse = ^! great /ati/ics2 co/ & rev5ue1 analyz$ & reanalyz$ 9 half a hundr$ diff]5t ways4 ,! /ati/ics are ! !rmomet]s1 ! v pulse by :i* ! heal? ( ! railroad is acutely judg$4 ,sometimes ! /ati/ics become graphic1 & ! comptroll]1 ?r\gh "s ( ! ke5-witt$ m5 9 8 (fice1 prep>es *>ts1 9 :i* /ati/ics become curves ( av]ages or jott$ & wriggl+ l9es1 ) ea* jot & ea* wriggle full ( mean+4 ,gov]nm5t by draught+-bo>d1 sniffs ! old-"t railroad] z he sees ^! great cross-hat*$ %eets ) _! crazy l9es ( intellig5ce spun across !m1 b x is gov]nm5t by draught+-bo>d t has made ! old-"t railroad]--well1 ! old-"t railroad]4 ,! new-"t railroad] gives he$ to ^? *>ts--! pulse read+s ( ! creature t he is direct+--guides 8 c\rse 9 no small way by !m4 ,!y are v]itable *>ts by :i* he may pick 8 way quickly & safely4 ,bran*+1 z a rule1 direct f ! presid5t's (fice & occasionally f ! g5]al manag]'s1 are ! pur*as+ ag5t & ! /ore-keep]1 _m times "o & ! same1 or ! =m] act+ z sup]ior to ! latt]4 ,! pur*as+ ag5t has no easy role4 ,if he is n above %>p practices--! gift ( a bit ( furniture or a !atre box1 9 ! lea/ in/ances--he w fulfil only "p ( ! reputation ( 8 (fice2 & if he is--z _m1 _m ( !m are--absolutely hone/ d[n to ! ke5e/ degree ( an acute consci5ce1 he w probably /ill be "u ! suspicion ( "s qu]ul\s m9ds4 ,8 opportunities = deceit & guile are _m1 s mu* ! m mu/ he be an hone/ man 9 e full s5se ( t ^w4 ,he br+s ! mod]n railroad's passion = /&>dization d[n to ! pur*ase ( its e sort ( supplies2 = 8 (fice goes out into ! m>ket = any?+1 f a box ( mat*es to a locomotive4 ,! v fact t 8 dep>tm5t is a non-rev5ue dep>tm5t1 save = an occasional sale ( scrap-iron or disc>d$ mat]ials1 only s]ves to put him ! m ^u 8 gu>d4 ,he mu/ n yield to ! wiles ( crafty salesm54 ,he mu/ measure _! w>es by a s+le /&>d--economy1 z express$ 9 sell+-price1 9 durability1 & 9 co/ ( ma9t5ance2 & ^u t /&>d he mu/ decide betwe5 !m1 z imp>tially z a ju/ice ^u ! b5*4 ,he mu/ be guid$ by /&>d4 ,if x be typewrit]s1 he mu/ /ruggle aga9/ ! pref]5ce ( ?is dep>tm5t or t = "s p>ticul> ma*9e1 & br+ all to ! te/ ( 8 ?ree-head$ economy4 ,! successful ma*9e w !n be adopt$ = ! sy/em & br\ght z su*4 ,no small responsibility re/s ^u 8 accuracy ( judgm5t4 ,8 /ore-keep] mu/ see to x t !re is no wa/e ( supplies4 ,he mu/ see to x1 = in/ance1 t ! eng9e]s are z c>eful 9 _! use ( oils z ! cl]k 9 t ( /ation]y4 ,we use #d1jjj wor? ( lead p5cils alone 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le ye>1 says "o ( !m2 & if we didn't keep hamm]+ at ! boys1 t figure w\ld jump to #e1jjj or #f1jjj )\t realiz+ x4 ,he keeps *eck on ! supplies t he issues4 ,8 /ock ( blank =ms1 alone1 w\ld d cr$it to a :olesale /ation]y h\se 9 a sizable city2 = ! railroad is a lib]al us] ( pr9t]'s ink 9 its own devices4 ,he mu/ be ?rifty & he mu/ be economical2 he mu/ look to x t ! railroad's money is n wa/$ 9 ! pur*ase & use ( its supplies4 ,toge!r ) ! g5]al c\nsel1 ! g5]al attorney1 ! claim-ag5t1 ! treasur]1 & ! comptroll]1 ! pur*as+ ag5t & ! /ore-keep] /& z gu>dians ( ! railroad's /rong-box4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,g5]al ,,manag] ,,8 ,,duty ,,to ,,keep ,,employees ,,9 ,,h>moni\s ,,action--,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,deals ,,) ,,m52 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,manag] ,,) ,,sup]9t5d5ts--,,! ,,g5]al ,,manag] ,,is ,,really ,,k+--,,cases ,,9 ,,:i* ,,8 ,,p[] ,,is ,,almo/ ,,despotic--,,he ,,mu/ ,,"k ,,m54 ,! g5]al manag] op]at+ ! railroad is held /rictly responsible = ! economical movem5t ( ! tra9s & ! ma9t5ance ( ! prop]ty4 ,to ! greate/ portion ( ! railroad army 7n9e-t5?s ( x employ$ 9 ! op]at+ dep>tm5t7 he is an uncr[n$ k+4 ,! sup]9t5d5t1 z we %all pres5tly see1 is ! unit ( ! op]ation ( ! road1 j z ! division ov] :i* he is head is "o ( ! physical units t g to make up "s ?\s&s ( miles ( fir/-class railroad track4 ,! division sup]9t5d5t deals 9 m52 ! g5]al manag] deals 9 division sup]9t5d5ts2 & "r !re is ! radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! two4 ,! sup]9t5d5t mu/ see to x t 8 m5 get a squ>e deal4 ,if he does n see to x 9 ! fir/ in/ance !y w see to x 9 ! la/1 & woe to him if su* be ! case4 ,= ! m5 :o "w on ! /eam railroad are well-paid1 well-read1 ke5ly s5sitive z to _! privileges & _! rights4 ,& f ^! m5 h come ! division sup]9t5d5ts1 z diff]5t ea* f ! o!r z m5 c be gr[n4 ,x is ! g5]al manag]'s *ief duty to br+ ^! v diff]5t m5 into h>moni\s action4 ,t is absolutely ess5tial to ! successful op]ation ( ! railroad4 ,! g5]al manag] mu/ h absolute firmness ) 8 sup]9t5d5ts4 ,he c appo9t or dis*>ge !m z !y c appo9t or dis*>ge _! tra9m5--m quickly 9 fact1 = up to ! pres5t "t !re is no bro!rhood ( railroad sup]9t5d5ts4 ,a c]ta9 division sup]9t5d5t 9 ! ,ea/ _h #aej miles ( busy d\ble-track trunk l9e "u 8 direction4 ,at 8 headqu>t]s 7 a big classification y>d & a coal+-/ation = ! eng9e ( ! two divisions t int]sect$ !re4 ,9 ! c\rse ( gradually increas+ bus9ess1 ! coal+-/ation1 :i* /ood 9 a n>r[ l$ge beside ! ma9-l9e tracks & "u ! brea/ ( a /eep m\nta9-side1 _h to be enl>g$4 ,9 s small a place1 t 0 a difficult eng9e]+ problem4 ,x 0 necess>y to build mu* bigg] coal-pockets & :ile ! eng9e]s 7 remov+ ! old & build+ ! new /ation1 tempor>y coal+ facilities _h to be provid$ = ! busy eng9e po9t4 ,t "p ( ! problem--m op]at+ ?an eng9e]+--0 f9ally solv$ by go+ across ! ma9-l9e tracks & locat+ a tempor>y coal+-/ation !re4 ,t made a bad situation--) ! heavy ma9-l9e traffic con/antly int]sect+ ) eng9es drill+ back & =? to _! coal supply1 & ! g5]al manag] 0 quick to realize x4 ,he w5t up !re & w>n$ 8 sup]9t5d5t4 ,?is is a dang] place1 he said1 & a mighty bad "o at t4 ,t t[]'s too f> away to gu>d ?is cross-ov]4 ,i want y to put two flagm5 "h at all h\rs & let !m p]sonally signal & safegu>d e eng9e t crosses ^! ma9-l9e tracks4 ,!n he w5t back to 8 own big (fice1 feel+ t ! responsibility = t dang] place 0 (f 8 own %\ld]s1 9 "p at lea/4 ,! division sup]9t5d5t put 9 ! requisition = ! f\r m5 he ne$$4 ,! requisition enme%$ itself 9 ! r$-tape at ! g5]al (fices ( ! sy/em4 ,"s sm>t "y assi/ant auditor !re1 :o c\ldn't tell a coal-pocket f a gravity-y>d1 & :o 0 #djj miles away1 rememb]$ t he _h be5 ord]$ to cut ! pay-roll--& ! requisition w5t into ! wa/e-basket4 ,! division sup]9t5d5t did n try to get ano!r requisition = ^? flagm5 ?r\gh4 ,he did ! next be/ ?+ & told ! t[]man 9 ! cab9--almo/ half a mile away--to keep z good a wat* z possible ( ! cross-ov]4 ,! inevitable came e>ly "o ev5+1 9 an ,octob] fog4 ,! ,*icago ,fa/ ,mail ran into an eng9e return+ f ! coal-pockets & !re 7 half a doz5 dead :5 ! wreck 0 cle>$ away4 ,! division sup]9t5d5t 0 hurri$ly summon$ d[n to ! g5]al manag]'s (fice4 ,i caution$ y aga9/ try+ to op]ate t cross-ov] )\t special signalm51 t (fic] said1 z he dis*>g$ ! sup]9t5d5t & s cle>$ himself ( ! responsibility4 ,& t is :]e ! mod]n sy/em ( excessive consolidation 9 our big l& c>ri]s turn$ "o good1 fai?ful railroad executive into a h[l+ an>*i/4 ,an illogical sy/em has develop$ f ?is rapid expansion ( ! great individual railroad prop]ties4 ,z its mo/ int]e/+ phase1 x (f]s ! man :o is f>!/ away f ! detail ( op]ation z ! man :o decides4 ,"o man takes ! judgm5t ( ano!r & bo? ( !m are f> remov$1 p]haps1 f ! seat ( ! v tr\ble t !y seek to rem$y4 ,! man on ! gr\nd is p[]less 9 ! matt]4 ,"h is ! y>dma/] at a great int]ior railroad c5tre--we call x ,som]set = ! sake ( conv5i5ce4 ,8 is "o ( ! bigge/ y>ds 9 all ?is l&1 & he is a man ^: judgm5t %\ld be solidly respect$4 ,!re are f\r improvem5ts 9 8 y>ds t he deems absolutely necess>y 9 ! face ( a rapidly increas+ traffic1 & = a portion ( ! prop]ty t depreciates rapidly "u h>d usage4 ,8 is a mo/ important position2 & yet z he _c sp5d a c5t himself = ! use ( ! railroad1 n ev5 to buy mat*es1 he embodies 8 f\r reque/s = necessities into a requisition & =w>ds x to headqu>t]s--at a seabo>d city4 ,8 sup]ior (fic] ?9ks t ,som]set is ask+ a good deal1 & he cuts ! reque/ d[n to ?ree items4 ,! next l9k 9 ! *a9 is a man--an auditor1 p]haps--:o happ5s to be imbu$ ) a /rong /reak ( economy at t "t4 ,middle division has _h its appropriation cut ?irty-?ree p] c5t1 s (f comes ano!r item f ,som]set y>d4 ,aft] a "t1 ! y>dma/] is lucky to get "o s+le item ?r\gh--& t is sure n to be ! ess5tial item t he ne$$ mo/ ( all4 ,good1 plucky1 valiant railroad] t he is1 he is sure to ?9k ! :ole outfit 9 ! g5]al (fices a set ( arrant fools4 ,p]haps ! big accid5t comes1 & !n p]haps he has full opportunity to set himself /raight4 ,x is m likely t he does n1 & t he is made ! t>get = ,gr& ,jury indictm5t & a lot ( o!r fireworks4 ,t is an in/ance ( ! complications ( ! mod]n railroad--! va/ intricacy ( organization4 ,wond] n1 !n1 t _m a g5]al manag] ( to-day mu/ ?9k twice be=e he rememb]s t "s p>ticul> inl& t[n is "o ( ! obscure bran*es ( 8 prop]ty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! sup]9t5d5t deals ) m52 ! g5]al manag]1 ) sup]9t5d5ts4 ,t /atem5t is op5 to a slight modification4 ,! sup]9t5d5t deals ) ! op]at+ army 9 individual cases2 ! g5]al manag] deals ) !m collectively4 ,some:]e 9 rank betwe5 ! division sup]9t5d5t & ! g5]al manag] /&s ! g5]al sup]9t5d5t1 b 9 ! rapidly *ang+ /ructure ( ,am]ican railroad op]ation1 8 (fice is fa/ los+ its individuality1 is to-day 9 real dang] ( utt] ext9ction4 ,on "s railroads he is h>dly m ?an a *ief cl]k to ! g5]al manag]1 a rubb]-/amp ^: signature goes me*anically ^u pap]s b\nd upw>ds f division sup]9t5d5t to g5]al manag]4 ,at ! mo/ he is to-day an outside man1 gett+ up & d[n ! l9e & mak+ con/ant reports to 8 boss1 ! g5]al manag]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,oil-,,burn+ ,,locomotive ,,on ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,pacific ,,sy/em ,,! ,,/eel ,,pass5g] ,,coa*1 ,,su* ,,z ,,has ,,become ,,/&>d ,,^u ,,! ,,am]ican ,,railroad ,,electric ,,c>1 ,,g5]at+ ,,its ,,own ,,p[] ,,by ,a ,,gasol9e ,,eng9e ,,bo? ,,locomotive ,,& ,,tra9--,,gasol9e ,,motor ,,c> ,,design$ ,,= ,,bran* ,,l9e ,,s]vice ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bigge/ ,,locomotive ,,9 ,,! ,,_w3 ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,santa ,,fe ,,railroad ,,at ,,its ,,topeka ,,%ops ,= ! g5]al manag] is really k+ ( ! entire situation4 ,j n[ 8 reign is ?reat5$ f a new qu>t]1 & y f9d him receiv+ ! opposition ) bo? di/ru/ & ang]4 ,?is is ! f9e figure ( a f9e man4 ,he has come up ! ladd]1 rung by rung--/ation assi/ant1 telegraph op]ator1 despat*]1 tra9-ma/]1 assi/ant sup]9t5d5t1 sup]9t5d5t1 g5]al sup]9t5d5t1 g5]al manag]2 he kn[s railroad+1 /ick & :eel4 ,8 own railroad he kn[s z he might "k ! f+]s ( 8 h&4 ,:5 we come into 8 (fice1 ! la/ ( a committee ( well-dress$ citiz5s is slipp+ out ( 8 door2 !y are citiz5s f a prosp]\s t[n 9 an adjo9+ ,/ate1 & he may tell u ( _! err&4 ,k---- is a good t[n1 he w say1 & gives u a good & gr[+ traffic4 ,we've a lot ( na/y grade-cross+s !re1 = ! two ( our big l9es t "r-angle into !re seem to get ov] ab\t e /reet 9 ! place at level4 ,!y want u to elevate or depress our tracks ?r\gh !re1 & x %\ld be done4 ,?is road wants x z mu* z ,k----wants x2 = x's "o ( ! wor/ bottle-necks on our ma9 l9e1 & ,"l only kn[s h[ _m ?\s&s ( doll>s x's co/ u 9 delay$ traffic4 ,?is k+ ( ! railroad po9ts to a %eaf ( bluepr9ts ^u 8 desk4 ,t tells ! /ory1 he says simply1 & ! end ( ! *apt] is a bill = n9e millions ( doll>s to get rid ( ^? cross+s4 ,accord+ to law1 ,k---- w h to /& ab\t half ( ! co/ ( ! "w1 & ,k----1 l mo/ progressive ,am]ican t[ns1 has be5 runn+ pretty close to h] debt limit4 ,%e is /agg]$ at ! ?\ght ( hav+ to dig out ?ree or f\r millions ( p]fectly good doll>s1 & s h] mayor has made ! naive sugge/ion t we advance ! money & let !m pay back _! %>e 9 ! %ape ( refund$ taxes & annual paym5ts4 ,we advance t money--& ! big boss has to slip ov] to ,france & try to sell our securities = m]e necessities4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is t we hav5't ! money to advance4 ,we're grubb+ to get en\gh ca% to buy locomotives & c>s to keep pace ) our bus9ess1 n runn+ a loan bus9ess = up/>t t[ns t h run ?r\gh _! capital4 ,9 comes a second delegation1 ?is "o ano!r gr\p ( commut]s4 ,!y h be5 ask+ = an additional tra9 9 on ! ,valley bran*4 ,! g5]al manag] has said t ! road _c af=d x1 = ! tra9 w\ld h to be op]at$ at a loss4 ,he proves 8 /atem5t4 ,b1 urges ! spokesman ( ! p>ty1 y w make traffic by x1 & ev5tually ! tra9 w pay4 ,ev5tually isn't to-day1 said ! ,g4 ,m4 /an*ly1 & x is on to-day t we are be+ judg$4 ,y g5tlem5 come "h & ask me to place a tra9 9 s]vice t is a sure los]2 & !n y w g d[n to y\r (fice1 & :5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 my net & gross comes to y ^u y\r ticket %eets1 y w damn me z be+ a rank incompet5t4 ,b ?is "o tra98 prote/s ! spokesman4 ,violates t v pr9ciple1 replies ! g5]al manag]4 ,n ano!r c> t does n pay its way4 ,& z t little gr\p files its way out ( ! big (fice1 utt]+ sundry ?reats ab\t go+ to ! commission1 ! g5]al manag] /ret*es 8 leg ov] 8 big desk4 ,"u ! glass top ( t desk is a big map1 9 colors1 ( 8 sy/em--miles & miles & miles ( fir/-class railroad4 ,!y come to me--t[ns l ,k---- & tell me ( _! tr\bles1 he says1 z if ,i already did n "k ( !m4 ,i've a recon/ruction plan = e t5 miles ( our ma9-l9e4 ,8 f+] traces ^u ! map to a great division po9t4 ,take ,som]set "h1 & ,som]set y>d4 ,t is "s y>d1 z ! boys say4 ,we h #aaj miles ( track 9 x1 en\gh = a good-siz$ side-l9e division1 & t y>dma/] has to be ! equal ( a sup]9t5d5t4 ,y w\ld take a good look at t y>d1 ) its r\ndh\ses & its %ops1 its gravity-humps & its classification sections1 & y w\ld ?9k x big en\gh to h&le e freight c> t goes betwe5 "h & ,*icago4 ,x isn't4 ,x isn't really big en\gh to h&le our dec5t %>e ( t traffic to-day4 ,we're try+ to p\r ! bus9ess ?r\gh x to-day1 & are succe$+ only by ! n>r[e/ measure4 ,x's a weak valve 9 our bigge/ art]y1 & "s day x's go+ to clog4 ,x won't be five ye>s be=e ,som]set has me ?rottl$ aga94 ,five ye>s ago x 0 z bad4 ,x took u ?ree to f\r weeks to put a c>load ( freight ?r\gh x 9 w9t]1 & ! %ipp]s 7 h[l+ bloody murd]4 ,!y got mad en\gh !n to sc>e our directors & ,i got sep>ate ea/-b\nd & we/-b\nd classifications y>ds1 relief t ,i'd be5 fairly d[n on my knees =1 ?ree ye>s at lea/4 ,i 0 ! goat 9 t ?+4 ,i always am2 t's "p ( ! job ( g5]al manag]4 ,i "k j :at ! /eady increase 9 traffic is go+ to br+ me to1 at ?is po9t & at t4 ,"h's :]e a c\ple ( our bigge/ fe$]s f ! nor? come into our ma9-l9e2 "h are a c\ple ( fri5dly haul]s dump+ d[n into u f ,canada2 "h1 9 ! m\nta9s1 is :]e we pick up our /uff f ! s\? & ! s\?we/4 ,e y>d on our sy/em is beg9n+ to /agg] "u ! traffic t %[s no let up1 & we've got to sp5d millions to keep ourselves f gett+ ?rottl$4 ,don't ?9k ,i don't "k e bit ( t4 ,i c see necess>y improvem5ts all ! way up our ma9 l9e2 b e "o ( !m takes money1 & j n[ ! big boss has to hu/le to sell 8 securities & raise ! money4 ,b :5 we "k & c't improve--t's railroad+4 ,a secret>y tiptoes 94 ,?is railroad k+ looks up & smiles q frankly at u4 ,committee f ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce at ,zanesburgh1 he ann\nces4 ,!y want a new depot 9 ,zanesburgh1 & !y're entitl$ to a new "o1 co/+ at a fair ratio ab\t #dj1jjj4 ,a #dj1jjj-;depot w\ld give !m e com=t & conv5i5ce b !y dem& t we sp5d #ajj1jjj because ,great ,midl& has sp5t #hj1jjj 9 an ar*itectural wond] 9 ,/5ton2 & ! old "t t[n rivalry makes ,zanesburgh want to g ,/5ton "o bett]4 ,y've got a lot ( ^! delegations8 we v5ture4 ,i lose track ( !m1 says ! g5]al manag]4 ,x's all a "p ( ! day's "w2 x's railroad+4 ,we "k4 ,la/ night1 ?is g5]al manag] 0 at a big freight t]m9al !re 9 ! headqu>t]s city1 see+ ) 8 own eyes until midnight ! fa/ freight & ! express traffic "u h&l+4 ,! night be=e he 0 !re1 & ! night be=e t he 0 also !re1 & ?ree days be=e t he 0 out p\nd+ ov] ! l9e 9 8 c>1 work+ eighte5 h\rs a day4 ,t's railroad+1 too4 ,! freight h\se 9 ?is t]m9al city is "o ( 8 bigge/ problems4 ,8 bigge/ local freight y>d is 9 a n>r[ valley betwe5 high hills2 & ^!1 toge!r ) fe>ful realty values1 absolutely circumscribe its area4 ,! traffic is gr[+ all ! :ile1 & all ! local freight = 8 road--runn+ 9 /rongly competitive t]ritory--comes to ?is t]m9al4 ,?ree hundr$ & fifty c>s mu/ be despat*$ e night = diff]5t po9ts1 & yet a dray com+ into ! y>d mu/ be able to f9d any "o ( ^? c>s )\t an in/ant's delay4 ,& /ill ! n>r[ physical limitations ( t y>d prevail4 ,!re is a big problem = a big man4 ,& sometimes ! big man mu/ /oop to exam9e c>efully into ! little ?+s4 ,:5 ,mc,crea1 ! pres5t presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania1 0 a g5]al manag] (f on ! we/]n end ( t sy/em1 8 c> 0 halt$ 9 ! middle ( ! night by a bad wreck on a s+le-track side-l9e4 ,he might h rema9$ 9 8 com=table b$1 b t w\ld n h be5 ,mc,crea4 ,he got up & dress$1 w5t outside & (f]$ 8 s]vices to ! wreck+-boss4 ,! wreck+-boss 0 compet5t & he knew x4 ,!re's no?+ y c d1 boss1 he said4 ,d y mean to tell me t !re is no?+ t ,i c d--) a road block$ on bo? sides ) wreckage & /all$ tra9s & track to be laid8 said ,mc,crea4 ,well1 let me tell y t !re are ties d[n !re 9 ! dit* t w h to be plac$ be=e ano!r tra9 goes ov] "h1 & we might z well be beg9n+4 ,& ) t ,g5]al ,manag] ,mc,crea suit$ action to ^w4 ,he w5t d[n into ! dit*1 pick$ up a heavy tie1 put x ov] 8 %\ld]1 & br\ght x up into position4 ,9 an in/ant he 0 9 ! ranks1 work+ to br+ ord] out ( *aos4 ,t 0 ! way a big man c\ld d a little ?+ 9 a big way4 ,x takes a really big man = t v sort ( ?+4 ,& ! big man1 g5]al manag] ( sev]al ?\s& miles ( railroad1 mu/ und]/& ! small] m5 b5ea? him--any "o ( :om is apt 9 "s future day to sup]s$e him4 ,"h is a man :o has be5 kn[n z "o ( ! be/ g5]al manag]s 9 ! :ole l&4 ,soon aft] he 0 made op]at+ head ( a really big road1 a c]ta9 tra9 on :i* he 0 travell+ 0 mu* delay$4 ,! new ,g4 ,m4 inquir$ ! exact reason = ! tr\ble4 ,he 0 n s mu* conc]n$ = 8 own conv5i5ce z he 0 curi\s to "k :y "o ( ! road's be/ ?r\gh tra9s %\ld h halt$ until assi/ance %\ld come f ! ne>e/ r\ndh\se4 ,! fireman lo/ 8 rake1 0 ! some:at p]functory report t ! ,g4 ,m4's secret>y return$ to him4 ,b if t "y man ?\ght t 8 boss 0 go+ to be satisfi$ ) t report1 he 0 mi/ak51 decid$ly4 ,br+ ! fireman to me1 comm&$ ! *ief4 ,t fireman 0 n ( ! sort t is easily feaz$4 ,he /ood /ockily & 9 a l[ voice gave a v circum/antial explanation ( ! :ole occurr5ce4 ,x seem$ t he _h miss$ ! rake t morn+ :5 !y _h />t$ out f ! y>d r\ndh\se to take ! ,limit$ d[n ov] ! division4 ,he 0 j go+ back = ano!r1 :5 !y 7 call$ to l5d a h& at a small y>d wreck4 ,:5 !y 7 done %ov+ & bunt+ !re1 !y _h no "t to run back to ! r\ndh\se & get a rake4 ,!y _h b>ely en\gh "t to get to ! pass5g] /ation = ! eng9e *ange4 ,t 0 a good /ory1 ) a deal ( explanation1 & ! fireman ?\ght t ! ,g4 ,m4 mu/ be impress$ ) x4 ,! ,g4 ,m4 0 n 9 ! lea/ impress$4 ,he look$ ! coal %ov] up & d[n1 f head to feet1 !n said3 ,h[ ab\t ^? sev5 freights t y pass$ laid out on sid+s8 ,y c\ld h =c$ any "o ( ^? eng9e]s to l5d y 8 rake r ?an lay out ?is tra94 ,! effect ( t slight obs]vation f ! ,g4 ,m4's c> 0 n lo/ on a man on ! sy/em4 ,! new man made good4 ,f t "t =w>d ^w w5t out to ! f> corn]s ( 8 road t ! new boss knew railroad+2 t he _h f\r eyes 9 8 head & t y _h to be pretty c>eful :at sort ( a /ory y put up to him4 ,calculate1 if y c1 9 doll>s & c5ts ! moral effect ( su* a /& ^u ! rank & file ( ! k+'s army4 ,! g5]al manag]1 z we h already said1 mu/ "k m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,y are back ) y\r fir/ g5]al manag] aga94 ,he is tir$ ( all ^! problems1 & yet he is n[ turn+ to ano!r4 ,?is is =mally entitl$ ! ,situation4 ,x is plac$ ^u 8 big desk e morn+4 ,x is a morn+ pap]1 if y please1 prep>$ = a s+le read]4 ,! g5]al manag] is ,old ,subscrib]1 9 good measure2 & if ! pap] lacks bo? editorials & adv]tis+1 x is none ! less int]e/+ to its /> read]4 ,its news is z exclusive z its read]1 & exclusively ! news ( 8 sy/em4 ,by x he kn[s fir/ ( ! traffic t has be5 h&l$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 by c>s & by tra9s4 ,he kn[s by x ! res]ve =ces ( ! railroad1 9 c>s & 9 locomotives1 & j :]e !y are locat$4 ,by ! ,situation1 he c discov] ! ov]-mass+ ( equipm5t ^u "o division1 ! %ortage ^u ano!r4 ,aft] t he c beg9 to give ord]s to 8 g5]al sup]9t5d5ts & 8 sup]9t5d5ts ( transportation--^! la/ ! m5 :o are directly responsible = c> movem5t--t[>d br++ a bett] balance betwe5 traffic & equipm5t4 ,! ,situation is on 8 desk at t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,by elev51 :ole brigades ( locomotives may be "u way1 mov+ f _! /alls 9 "s giant r\ndh\se out t[>d ano!r division ^: sup]9t5d5t is fairly %riek+ = p[]4 ,b ! ,situation tells m ?an m]ely ?is4 ,x goes into hi/ory1 & 9 its own cold-blood$ fa%ion tells :at ! road is do+ by comp>ison4 ,x gives wea!r conditions & traffic = ! correspond+ day1 "o ye>1 two ye>s1 ?ree ye>s1 five ye>s be=e2 & ! g5]al manag] w d well if he avoids giv+ m]e cursory exam9ation ( su* tables4 ,! ,situation n only notes wea!r conditions1 x br+s to ! eyes ( ! man :om we h call$ k+ 9 railroad op]ation ! m important tra9 delays & ! reasons t h caus$ !m4 ,e fact or incid5t t may affect ! traffic or ! op]ation ( ! road is not$ 9 its f9e-fill$ pages4 ,x is 9 e way a guide & a b>omet] ( ! condition ( a great prop]ty up to ! v h\r t ! g5]al manag] comes to 8 desk4 ,b ! ,situation does n tell ! entire /ory4 ,out 9 ! ne>e/ pass5g] y>d is a big private-c>1 almo/ z h&some & z well equipp$ z t ( ! presid5t ( ! road1 & t c> is 9 s]vice z _m days z x /&s idle !re ^u ! sid+4 ,?is man has #d1jjj miles ( railroad empire 9 8 doma92 !re are ne>ly #gj1jjj fai?ful privates = 8 army4 ,to cov] t t]ritory means con/ant travel4 ,!re are side-l9es ( less importance t sometimes d n see him = six mon?s at a "t4 ,( less importance1 did we say8 ,we _h bett] n let him he> u brea! t1 = !re are m5 9 8 employ :o rememb] ! fir/ c\ncil ( ! op]at+ dep>tm5t /aff aft] ?is ,g4 ,m4 came to ! road4 ,!y 7 ga!r$ !re = ! "t-table meet+--a g5]al sup]9t5d5t1 a :ole r\nd doz5 ( division sup]9t5d5ts1 s]i\s traffic-m9d$ folk f ! pass5g] dep>tm5t1 an auxili>y corps ( *ief cl]ks & /5ograph]s4 ,division by division1 ! pass5g] "t-table problem 0 adju/$4 ,?is sup]9t5d5t ask$ a little m runn+ "t1 = !y 7 putt+ 9 a clu/] ( new bridges1 :i* made sl[ ord]s necess>y2 ano!r 0 !reupon =c$ to %ort5 8 s*$ule1 = ! total runn+ "t betwe5 ma9-l9e t]m9als ( a road 9 hot competitive t]ritory c\ld n be increas$ a s+le sixty seconds4 ,f9ally1 aft] a va/ am\nt ( argum5t1 ! ma9-l9e divisions 7 settl$1 & att5tion 0 giv5 to ! side-l9es4 ,! fir/ ( ^! ran ?r\gh a section purely rural1 b !re 0 n a busi] #ejj miles ( s+le track 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! g5]al sup]9t5d5t call$ att5tion to x1 ) a laugh4 ,we'll n[ tackle ! hoejack1 said he4 ,x 0 an old joke1 & ! division heads began to laugh4 ,!y /opp$ laugh+ ! next in/ant4 ,! new g5]al manag] 0 on 8 feet & p\nd+ ?und]\sly ^u 8 table top4 ,8 face 0 crimson1 z he dem&$ att5tion4 ,g5tlem51 said he1 sca?+ly1 ! great railroad f :i* ,i h _h ! honor to come has prid$ itself ^u be+ a /&>d railroad4 ,its /&>d is univ]sal :]ev] its c>s & eng9es run1 & its jurisdiction ext5ds4 ,"s ( its l9es are ! busie/ traffic-haul]s 9 ! l&4 ,! f\r & ev5 six tracks to ea* ( !m are h>dly en\gh = ! great volume ( high-class freight & pass5g] traffic t press ^u _! rails4 ,!re are "s side-l9es1 ) b two or ?ree tra9s a day--side-l9es t rea* ! ma9-l9e only ?r\gh o!r bran*es4 ,b !re are no hoejacks1 nor peanut bran*es1 nor j]kwat]s ^u t sy/em4 ,h]eaft] !re are to be none ^u ?is4 ,! man :o is haul+ a tra9 on ! mo/ remote corn] ( ?is railroad is do+ its "w q z mu* z ! bigge/ tra9ma/] "h at ! t]m9al4 ,i tru/ y foll[ me8 ,!y foll[$ implicitly2 & to t g5]al manag] has be5 f9ally accord$ ! cr$it = br++ an op]at+ dep>tm5t1 torn by ineffici5cies & by jeal\sies1 into "o ( ! fir/ rank among ! railroads ( ! l&4 ,b he admits t he is go+ out ^u side-l9e2 & t p>ticul> side-l9e br+s a /ory to ! m9d ( 8 *ief cl]k4 ,:5 he has u q aside he tells x to u3 ,! next to ! la/ "t ! boss w5t up ! ,upp] ,riv] ,division1 !y got 8 goat4 ,we halt$ at ! depot up at ,we/ ,lyndonbrook1 to fill ! tanks4 ,! boss ?9ks t he w get out & /ir 8 feet = a m9ute on ! "r-(-way4 ,up comes a villag]4 ',are y ! g5]al manag] ( ?is 'ere road8' he says to ! boss4 ,boss ?9ks he 0 "s g5tle bucolic s\l1 & he says 'yes1' & (f]s him a real cig>4 ,b ! g5tle bucolic doesn't smoke any?+ clean] ?an a pipe1 & he j up & says1 ',well1 ,g5]al1 "h's some?9' f] ye1' & %oves a pap] ) a big r$ seal into ! boss's h&4 ,x seems t up 9 t neck o' woods !y get grade cross+s remov$ z a la/ resort by go+ to ! c\nty c\rt & ! pap] t ! con/able s]v$ 0 "o = ! boss to come d[n !re 9 a =tnight = a he>+ on an ord] to put a flagman & gates at our cross+ 9 ,we/ ,lyndonbrook4 ,! boss 0 mighty mad1 & almo/ dis*>g$ ! ag5t = lett+ t con/able hang ar\nd ! depot4 ,!re isn't en\gh traffic ov] t l9e to d m ?an keep ! ru/ (f ! rails1 & we nev] _h an accid5t 9 ! sixty odd ye>s t cross+ has be5 9 use4 ,& at t ! boss might h fall5 = a flagman4 ,b ! way !y rubb$ x into him ril$ him4 ,!y might h gone at ! ?+ 9 a dec5t way--fir/ s5t a committee d[n to ! division sup]9t5d5t to reque/ t flagman4 ,he w5t d[n on ! appo9t$ night to ! old ,t[n ,hall4 ,be=e he got !re he />t$ a guess+ conte/ 9 t sm>t-aleck burg4 ,! cross+ 0 "r '9 ! he>t ( ! community1' z !y put x !mselves1 & ! big citiz5s' h\ses 7 all )9 an eigh? ( a mile ( our "r-(-way4 ,?ree days be=e ! big flight ( oratory d[n at ! ,t[n ,hall1 ! boss />ts some?+4 ,!y h>dly get away f _! h\ses 9 ! morn+ be=e !re is a bun* ( ^? bright te*-s*ool boys ) _! rods & sextants & /eel tapes measur+ l9es ov] ! front lawns4 ,& ! next ?+ !y 7 plant+ bright new /akes 9 all ! fl[]-b$s4 ,!re hadn't be5 s mu* excitem5t 9 ,we/ ,lyndonbrook s9ce ! la/ "t ,!odore ,roosevelt talk$ !re1 & ! t[nfolk hu/l$ d[n to ! depot4 ,! ag5t didn't ease _! m9ds4 ,! boss wasn't work+ h& 9 glove ) him4 ,:5 ! night came = ! big "t at ! ,t[n ,hall1 x 0 a regul> '/&+-room only' bus9ess4 ,! boss kept 9 ! backgr\nd :ile ! great m9ds ( ! t[n%ip did _! be/4 ,:5 x came 8 turn he clamp$ across ! plat=m l an av5g+ angel4 ,he is a big fell[1 & t night he look$ sev5-foot-six1 z he /uck 8 long f+]s out ov] t intellig5t body politic & ask$ :at x meant by try+ to c[ ! only fir/-class railroad t _h ev] _h en\gh en]gy to put its rails d[n 9 t t[n%ip4 ,!n he calls up an eng9e] f our con/ruction dep>tm5t4 ',mr4 ,bl9k9s1' he says1 9 a voice t y c\ld h he>d across ! public squ>e1 '?is railroad has decid$ to temporize no long] 9 ?is highway cross+ situation on its l9es4 ,h[ mu* w x co/ to put a subway "u our track at ?is cross+8' ,! eng9e] dove into 8 draw+s & said3 ',x'll be q a big job1 & we'll h to cut q a way into "s ( ! front y>ds to get ! f\ndations = our abutm5ts4 ,my e/imate ( ! co/ ( ! propos$ improvem5t is #afj1jjj4' ,!n x 0 ! boss's turn aga94 ',"u ! /ate law1 "w on aboli%+ a grade cross+ beg9s by ! railroad express+ its will+ness1' he told !m4 ',! co/ is divid$--half be+ borne by ! railroad1 ! o!r half be+ divid$ betwe5 ! t[n%ip & ! ,/ate4 ,we/ ,lyndonbrook's %>e w rea* #dj1jjj4' ,=ty ?\s& doll>s--:y #dj1jjj w\ld h built ei!r ! new union s*ool or ! wat]works t t burg _h be5 hank]+ = & ?\ght x c\ldn't af=d4 ,:5 ! boss brea!d ab\t t #dj1jjj x />t$ ! old feuds betwe5 ! wat]works cr[d & ! s*ool cr[d4 ,!y =got all ab\t ! cross+ & our s9-fill$ railroad1 & got to hamm]+ anew on ! old issue4 ,we sl9k$ out :ile !y 7 /ill at x--_h ! c> hook$ on to ! re> ( ?irty-eight & got />t$ :ile ! oratory 0 tak+ a fre% turn4 ,! boss8 ,! boss is a diplomat4 ,t's h[ he keeps 8 job4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,8 ,,head%ip ,,( ,,! ,,transportation ,,organism--,,8 ,,mann] ,,( ,,deal+ ,,) ,,an ,,(f5d$ ,,%ipp]--,,8 ,,mann] ,,) ,,commut]s--,,8 ,,mann] ,,) ,a ,,spiteful ,,kick]--,a ,,di%one/ ,,conductor ,,:o ,,_h ,a ,,pull--,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,dem]its ,,= ,,employees--,,deal+ ,,) ,,drunk>ds--,,) ,,selfi% ,,& ,,covet\s ,,m54 ,if ! g5]al manag] is k+ 9 mod]n railroad op]ation1 ! division sup]9t5d5t is n less ?an pr9ce4 ,8 pr9cipality is no mean /ate4 ,x may consi/ ( "s #ejj miles ( :at he mode/ly admits is ! be/ sort ( railroad 9 all ?is l&2 or x may be a little /ret* ( #ajj miles1 or ev5 less1 los+ its way back among ! hills2 b x is a pr9cipality1 & 8 rule is undisput$4 ,if ev] x be que/ion$1 x w !n be high "t = him to abdicate4 ,j z ! division is ! physical unit ( railroad op]ation1 s is its sup]9t5d5t ! human unit4 ,by him ! transportation organism /&s or falls4 ,if x /&s1 he is able to g =w>d2 ! pa? f 8 door leads to ! g5]al manag]'s (fice4 ,if x falls--,well1 !re is to-day 9 ,c5tral ,ill9ois a gray-hair$ /ation-ag5t :o once held 8 own pr9cipality--#d1jjj m5 to take 8 ord]s4 ,we only dis*>ge = disob$i5ce or di%one/y1 said ! presid5t ( t railroad at ! "t he sign$ ! ord] r$uc+ ! pr9ce to ! ranks4 ,:5 we fail to get ! real measure ( a man1 x is our fault1 n 84 ,we nev] turn out a man :o has done 8 level be/ = u4 ,?is man is sup]9t5d5t ( "o ( ! mo/ prosp]\s ( ! trunk-l9e railroads t rea* ! metropolis by /ret*+ _! rails across ,new ,j]sey4 ,8 is a t]m9al division1 s call$1 & he has assum$ comm& ( "o ( ! busie/ city gates 9 all ,am]ica4 ,8 railroad day beg9s almo/ z soon z he is awake4 ,!re is a telegraph outfit 9 ! corn] ( 8 b$room1 & z he dresses & %aves he li/5s me*anically to its scold+s--to ! gossip ( ! division4 ,x comes z casually to 8 e> z ! prattle ( 8 *ildr52 ! key began to be music to him long be=e he left ! little yell[ depot :]e he fir/ began to be a railroad]4 ,!y're 9 pretty good %ape ?is morn+1 ,john1 laughs 8 wife4 ,%e1 too1 has be5 li/5+ half unconsci\sly to ! gossip ( ! wire4 ,ye>s ago %e /ood h] trick ) h] husb& back 9 t little yell[ depot4 ,got a coal tra9 9 ! dit* up ! o!r side ( ,greyport1 is 8 reply4 ,we'll rip out t na/y cross-ov] up !re "s day1 :5 ! big boss wakes up to ! ca% we've put out 9 wrecks at ,,gp4 ,go+ up !re8 ,n ?is morn+1 ,maggie1 he laughs4 ,i've a committee f ! firem5 com+ 9 to see me4 ,!y're nagg+ = a raise4 ,he l[]s 8 voice1 z if he almo/ ?\ght t ! walls _h e>s4 ,x's beg9n+ to gr9d ! boys1 too--butt] #dh c5ts1 eggs #de1 & all _! hungry kiddies4 ,b ! big boss--:ew6 ,he :i/les1 goes to 8 key1 cuts 91 & beg9s to give ord]s to ! wreck+-boss up at ,greyport4 ,/eady1 ,jim1 he says1 9 a l[ voice4 ,y've got all day on t job if y ne$ x1 only wat* out = ! numb] two track ) y\r crane4 ,we c't risk a side-swipe on "o ( our pretty tra9s4 ,we're det\r+ ! ea/-b\nd pass5g]s ov] ! ,c5tral4 ,h['s ,h9ckley8 ,he closes ! circuit s(tly4 ,poor ,h9ckley1 he says g5tly4 ,d y rememb]1 ,maggie8 ,he 0 m>ri$ ! same summ] we 74 ,?r\gh ) 8 breakfa/1 he hurries d[n to ! /ation1 & be=e he slips abo>d ! suburban tra9 t is to c>ry him 9 to 8 ,j]sey ,city (fice1 he has _h ! wire aga9 into ,greyport4 ,!y are gett+ ?+s clean$ up !re a bit2 a baggage-c> has be5 s5t up ) a special eng9e = ,h9ckley4 ,! sup]9t5d5t turns f ^!4 ,"o ( ! little tra9s t come out f t[n 9 ! dusk ( e>ly dawn has br\ght a lea!r bag fill$ ) mail4 ,he runs ?r\gh x z 8 tra9 slips across ! mead[s4 ,by ! "t he is 9 8 roomy (fice x is ready to be answ]$1 a p5cill$ memor&um on ea* is suffici5t guide = 8 *ief cl]k4 ,?r\gh\t ! morn+ 8 cal5d> is a cr[d$ ?+4 ,!re is a con/ant l9e ( re/less m5 sitt+ on ! long b5* j )\t ! gu>d$ rail ( ! outside (fice4 ,"o by "o ^! are call$2 !y disappe> beh9d sw++ baize doors to /& 9 front ( ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,= ! fir/ ( ^! !re is a smile--! call] is a big %ipp]1 big en\gh to g to ! head ( ! l9e & h in/ant access to ! boss4 ,?is %ipp] is ! sort :o gives ! railroad tonnage 9 tra9load lots4 ,he is hot4 ,he _c get c>s4 ,he w beg9 to r\te ov] ! ,triple ,b----1 ev5 ?\gh 8 sid+ facilities are wrong = x4 ,!y'll dig him out ! c>s he ne$s1 !y h folks ov] !re :o make x _! bus9ess to f9d c>s4 ,& :ile he is on ! subject x seems pretty bad to h /uff com+ twelve & f\rte5 days ?r\gh f ,*icago4 ,p]haps he'd bett] be gett+ aft] ! ,commission4 ,! %ipp] is v hot4 ,he expatiates ^u 8 wrongs1 hamm]s ^u ! sup]9t5d5t's desk1 gr[s sc>let 9 8 heavy face4 ,! sup]9t5d5t's smile nev] wav]s4 ,he gives close att5tion1 does n gr[ excit$4 ,a few ord]s ov] ! telephone1 a ^w ( explanation1 ! %ipp] smiles n[4 ,d[n 9 8 he>t he beg9s to be sorry t he made ^! ?reats ab\t ! ,triple ,b----4 ,t is gett+ traffic1 y say1 & ! sup]9t5d5t is an op]at+ man4 ,y are a bit wrong !re4 ,! sup]9t5d5t is a railroad man & t means t any "p ( ! railroad bus9ess is 8 bus9ess4 ,!re is a man1 by "n ,a4 ,h4 ,smi?1 :o is to-day op]at+ vice-presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral sy/em1 :o held to t idea f ! beg9n+4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ,smi? 0 ! sup]9t5d5t ( a little side-track$ division ( ! ,lake ,%ore ,mi*igan ,s\!rn :i* c5tr$ 9 at ,hillsdale1 ,mi*igan4 ,x 0 a /rong competitive t]ritory1 & ,smi? f\nd t ! traffic t came to 8 road 0 s slight t x did n take a great deal ( 8 "t to move x4 ,! sup]9t5d5ts be=e him _h _h a lot ( "t to spe$ _! fa/ horses & fuss ar\nd _! g>d5s4 ,n s ) ,smi?4 ,he w5t into ! bus9ess ( mak+ traffic4 ,x 0 a decade t took ke5 delight 9 s++ societies1 & ,smi?'s robu/ voice alli$ itself to e *oir ( importance 9 ?ree c\nties4 ,he sang himself into p]sonal popul>ity1 he sang traffic into com+ ov] ! ,mi*igan ,s\!rn4 ,aft] a :ile1 ! folks ov] 9 ! g5]al (fices at ,clevel& began to take notice4 ,! traffic folks 7 ! fir/ to notice1 aft] t--well1 a long /ory's %ort :5 y "k t ,smi? f\nd himself on a %ort cut to 8 pres5t job4 ,! sup]9t5d5t's smile rema9s :ile a solemn-fac$ delegation ( commut]s files into 8 room4 ,^! grave folk h be5 com+ into t[n on ! #h3eb almo/ s9ce ! road fir/ laid its rails4 ,x is "p ( _! lives1 & !y fondly imag9e t x is a big "p ( ! road's--t ! tw5ty-h\r tra9 ov] ! m\nta9s to ,*icago is a matt] ( consid]ably less importance ?an ! #h3eb4 ,! sup]9t5d5t broad5s 8 bl& smile & r+s = 8 tra9 %eets4 ,!re are o!r tra9s ?an ! #h3eb com+ into t t]m9al--almo/ a tra9 a m9ute f a little be=e eight o'clock until half-pa/ n9e4 ,! sup]9t5d5t's f+] runs = corroboration ov] ! tra9 %eets4 ,tw5ty-five days ?is mon? :5 #id p] c5t ( 8 suburban tra9s come "u ! protection ( ! big %$ ( ! t]m9al "r on ! s*$ul$ mom5t--h[ 0 t = consi/5cy ( op]ation8 ,! commut]s' committee seem a little daz$4 ,individually1 ! m5 are exp]t on a good _m ?+s--pr9t+1 indictm5ts1 breakfa/ foods1 pat5ts1 :olesale fea!rs2 b consi/5cy ( tra9 op]ation & tra9 %eets are a bit confus+4 ,! #h3eb has be5 late a :ole lot rec5tly1 dogg$ly affirms ! *airman4 ,la/ ,?ursday we 7 pretty ne> fifte5 m9utes late4 ,a gleam ( triumph comes into ! sup]9t5d5t's eye4 ,he fumbles anew among ! flimsy tra9 %eets4 ,8 =ef+] alights ^u a l9e ( ! typewritt5 copy4 ,la/ ,?ursday1 he comm5ts1 y c see t we 7 all laid out by ! ,hack5sack ,riv] draw4 ,a s*oon] fill$ ) brick got caught by ! ebb tide & laid d[n on u 9 ! op5 draw4 ,:at y want to see1 g5tlem51 is ! ,treasury dep>tm5ts d[n at ,wa%+ton4 ,x is outrage\s t ! antiquat$ navigation laws %\ld be all[$ to hold up bus9ess 9 t way4 ,! committee conf] among !mselves & decide to make ! life ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury uncom=table = a :ile4 ,y _c hope = any?+ bett] ) t ,hack5sack ,bridge1 urges ! sup]9t5d5t almo/ malevol5tly4 ,he does n tell !m1 b ! boys out on ! l9e "k 8 own exp]i5ce ) ! ,hack5sack ,riv] bridge4 ,la/ ,decemb] & j 9 ! ev5+ ru%-h\rs !y f\nd t ! cab9 t /&s p]*$ at ! top ( ! truss$ draw 0 afire4 ,! tra9s br++ home ! tir$ suburbanites 7 beg9n+ to l9e up back ( ! fire = solid miles4 ,! tir$ suburbanites 7 say+ ?+s ab\t ?is p>ticul> railroad4 ,x *anc$ t ?is sup]9t5d5t 0 a pass5g] on "o ( ! tra9s4 ,he w5t =w>d to ! blaze4 ,! t[]man _h beat a retreat4 ,! sup]9t5d5t />t$ to climb up ! ice-cov]$ ladd] t[] t[>d ! burn+ cab94 ,! t[]man halt$ him4 ,! wiry sup]9t5d5t turn$ ^u him ) a look ( inf9ite scorn3 ,we've got to h& signal ^? tra9s across "h--!re's ?\s&s ( folks out "h 9 ! mead[s t we c't let miss _! supp]-- ,i've got a family-- began ! t[]man4 ,t's all "r4 ,i'll signal ^! across4 ,t a9't x1 boss4 ,back o' ?' cab9's ! gasol5e tanks1 ! /uff = op59' ?' draw4 ,! sup]9t5d5t gave a l[ :i/le4 ,t settles x1 he said4 ,we've got to put ?is fire out4 ,i c't risk cutt+ ?is draw out ( s]vice4 ,x is a matt] ( record on t railroad t he climb$ alone to ! top ( ! draw & began to put out ! fire ) 8 own /\t endeavors4 ,he 0 n alone = long4 ,inspir$ by him1 ! m5 t ga!r$ !re--eng9e]s1 firem51 tra9m51 & conductors1 crawl$ up ^u t freez+ cold draw & l5t him _! ef=ts4 ,9 a half-h\r ! fire 0 out1 & ! /all$ tra9s 7 mov+ aga94 ,?is1 !n1 is ! measure ( ! man :o sits across ! wide (fice table f y4 ,! mollifi$ commut]s are m>*+ out4 ,y don't enc\rage kick+8 y ask4 ,we don't disc\rage x1 he repli$4 ,he is rem9d$ ( a /ory & tells x to y4 ,:5 !y made ,blank sup]9t5d5t ov] !re at ,broad ,/reet1 9 ,philadelphia1 he w5t 9 to make a clean record4 ,he call$ 8 *ief cl]k to him4 ',m9d y1 if y he> kicks1 don't let !m get 9 "o e> & out ! o!r4 ,y br+ !m 9 "h & we'll inve/igate4' ,9 ?ree days ! *ief cl]k 0 busy4 ',lots ( tr\ble ) ! suburban traffic to-day1' he w\ld say4 ',wilm+ton tra9 laid out at ,grey's ,f]ry2 ?ird day t's happ5$4' ',ugly tra9man on ! ma9 l9e w\ldn't close ! re> doors4 ,t fell['s unpopul>4' ',n en\gh equipm5t on ! ,c5tral division4' ',no fire 9 ! /ove at ,l5d5 ,road1'--a long /r+ ( commut] tr\bles4 ,aft] ,blank _h he>d ?is = a week he began to get n]v\s4 ,he call$ 8 *ief cl]k to him4 ',see "h1' he dem&$1 ':at's ! matt] ) our s]vice8 ,:]e are all ^! kicks com+ 9 f8' ,! *ief cl]k look$ at him--nev] a snick]4 ',y said y want$ ! kicks1' he repli$4 ',well1 ,i've be5 lett+ ! head b>b] d[n/airs %ave me aft] he 0 done ) ! commut]s4 ,he gets e "o ( ! h[ls4' ,sometimes ! kicks repres5t a s]i\s side ( ! sup]9t5d5t's problem4 ,a :ile ago a man came to a railroad sup]9t5d5t 9 ,bo/on & dem&$ t a c]ta9 ticket-exam9] 9 ! pass5g] t]m9al be dismiss$4 ,!re _h be5 "s sort ( dispute & ! man insi/$ t ! ticket-exam9] be dis*>g$1 no?+ less4 ,! ticket-exam9]1 on 8 "p1 told a pretty fair sort ( /ory4 ,moreov]1 he said t if 9 ! heat ( ! dispute he _h transgress$ on good mann]s he 0 frankly sorry & t x w\ld n happ5 aga94 ,back ( all t he _h a good record3 no compla9ts _h ev] be=e be5 regi/]$ aga9/ him4 ,! sup]9t5d5t !n wrote a lett] to ! man :o _h compla9$ & /at$ t ! (f5d+ ticket-exam9] _h be5 reprim&$ & t ! (f5ce w\ld probably n be repeat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,conductor ,,is ,a ,,high ,,type ,,( ,,railroad ,,employee ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eng9e]--,,oil-,,c ,,9 ,,h&--,,is ,,=ev] ,,fuss+ ,,at ,,8 ,,ma*9e ,illu/ration3 ,,railroad ,,responsibility ,,does ,,n ,,end ,,ev5 ,,) ,,! ,,track ,,walk] ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fireman ,,has ,a ,,h>d ,,job ,,& ,a ,,/eady ,,"o ,t did n satisfy ! man :o compla9$4 ,he 0 ( ! sort t are suppos$ to h a pull1 & he ?reat5$ to use 8 pull if ! ticket-exam9] 7 n dis*>g$4 ,he refus$ to accept apologies or explanations4 ,he said he 0 hot4 ,s 0 ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,he ke5ly res5t$ any?+ t approa*$ int]f]5ce ) 8 discipl9e1 & he refus$ to dis*>ge 8 employee4 ,pressure 0 ex]t$1 ! pull 0 do+ its f9e "w4 ,! sup]9t5d5t 0--l e o!r railroad sup]9t5d5t 9 ?is l&--a f9e diplomat4 ,he took ! man f ! tra9 gate 9 ! t]m9al & gave him an equally good job 9 a city a hundr$ miles di/ant f ,bo/on4 ,he flatt]$ himself t he _h se5 ! la/ ( ! man ) ! pull4 ,n a bit ( x4 ,t brisk s\l *anc$ to pass ?r\gh ! di/ant t[n1 & gasp$ at sight ( ! =m] ticket-exam9] /ill draw+ pay f ! railroad4 ,he ha/5$ into ! sup]9t5d5t's (fice 9 ,bo/on & dem&$ t ! subt]fuge end--t ! man be actually dis*>g$ f ! road's employ4 ,! sup]9t5d5t look$ at him coolly1 n speak+4 ,! man aga9 ?reat5$ 8 pull4 ,! railroad boss look$ at him ?r\gh slitt$ eyes4 ,x 0 a real crisis = him4 ,8 diplomatic smile 0 ready4 ,he po9t$ ) 8 lean =ef+] t[>d ! door4 ,! case is clos$4 ,good-morn+1 0 all he said4 ,aft] t he began wond]+ :at road w\ld h him aft] t pull 0 ex]t$4 ,he wond]$ = a day1 = a week1 !n a mon?4 ,!n he =got ! occurr5ce4 ,! pull1 l _m o!r sorts ( ?reats1 0 ?9 air4 ,( a diff]5t sort 0 ! problem t confront$ a sup]9t5d5t 9 ,*icago4 ,on a c]ta9 suburban tra9 = _m ye>s ! conductor _h rema9$ ) an un*ang$ run4 ,gossip _h come into ! sup]'s (fice t ?is conductor 0 sy/ematically /eal+ f ! company4 ,! boss />t$ a quiet inve/igation4 ,! conductor ) app>5tly no o!r income ?an 8 #c a day1 _h pur*as$ a neat home 9 ! suburbs1 _h s5t 8 boy to ,yale1 8 girl to ,vass>4 ,t 0 ,?rift1 ) a capital ,t4 ,! sup]9t5d5t took ! case %>ply 9 h& & summon$ ! conductor be=e him4 ,he 0 "o ( ! old] sort1 gray-hair$1 k9d-fac$4 ,johnson1 said ! boss1 y've be5 ) ! road a long "t & nev] _h a vacation4 ,i want y to lay (f a mon? & run ov] to ei!r coa/4 ,i'll get ! transportation = y4 ,johnson prote/$4 ,he belong$ to a g5]ation ( railroad]s t 0 n educat$ to vacations4 ,! sup]9t5d5t insi/$ & _h 8 way1 z sup]9t5d5ts g5]ally d4 ,johnson />t$ on 8 vacation1 & a sub/itute1 kn[+ no?+ ( ! real situation1 replac$ him4 ,! returns f t daily run d\bl$1 & ! sup]9t5d5t knew t he 0 "r4 ,n[adays :5 a railroad f9ds t a conductor is /eal+1 x invokes ! maje/y ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,law & prep>es to hurry him (f t[>d a ,f$]al prison4 ,9 t day !y 7 cont5t to fire ,johnson2 t 0 suffici5t disgrace to ! old man4 ,! railroad c\ld n beg9 to get back ! money t _h be5 trickl+ out ?r\gh\t ! long ye>s4 ,b ,johnson %[$ fight4 ,8 0 an important tra9 9 ! ,*icago suburban s]vice1 & 8 pass5g]s 7 important m]*ants & manufactur]s--big %ipp]s4 ,!y got toge!r1 "u ,johnson's sup]vision1 & made ! hair on ! heads ( ! traffic m5 turn gray4 ,^? fell[s 7 ,johnson's fri5ds1 & !y 7 n go+ to see ! ,n---- turn out a fai?ful employee4 ,johnson said t he _h n /ol51 & ,johnson 0 n ! sort to lie4 ,x might d ! ,n---- good to s5d "s tonnage ov] to ! ,m----4 ,! traffic dep>tm5t & ! op]at+ lock$ horns1 z (ttimes !y d on roads1 bo? big & little4 ,traffic won4 ,! sup]9t5d5t lo/1 ,johnson w5t back to 8 job1 & ! road put on a *eck+ sy/em t made its conductors wond] if !y _h held convict records4 ,t case 0 an exception4 ,!re are n _m sup]9t5d5ts :o are compell$ to back wat]1 mighty few ,johnsons among ! ?\s&s ( conductors across ! l&4 ,we are /ill 9 t sup]9t5d5t's (fice 9 ,j]sey ,city4 ,! boss's smile is gone4 ,a big railroad] j 9 f ! l9e1 8 jeans cov]$ ) eng9e grease1 %uffles into ! place & /&s be=e ! sup]1 hat 9 h&1 l a naughty boy ready to be :ipp$4 ,! sup]9t5d5t speaks 9 a few l[ s5t5ces to him1 makes a notation on an envelope4 ,! big man trembles 9 front ( ! little4 ,a bit ( a smile comes to ! lips ( ! boss4 ,y ?9k ( ! wife & ! kiddies fir/ next "t1 he says4 ,good-bye & good luck to y4 ,i'm n mu* = lectur+s1 he adds1 aft] ! man has gone4 ,a little lat] he beg9s to expla94 ,t big fell[ _h to be discipl9$4 ,!re 0 no two ways ab\t x = ei!r ( u4 ,he's an eng9e-man1 got a good tra91 too2 b he's be5 runn+ signals4 ,we've caught him twice on te/4 ,we c't /& = t4 ,suppose we h a na/y sma% & ! coron]'s jury beg9s to ask nosey que/ions8 ,i _h to put black on 8 envelope4 ,he goes into fur!r detail4 ,9 o!r days he w\ld h be5 =c$1 9 ord] to uphold 8 discipl9e1 to susp5d ! eng9e] = f five days to two weeks--! puni%m5t prec$+ dis*>ge4 ,!re 0 a possibility--disagreeable to ! sup]9t5d5t--t ! eng9e]'s family might h be5 cr[d$ = suffici5t food = a =tnight4 ,"s ( ^? fell[s live pretty close to ! proposition all ! :ile4 ,n[adays ! (f5d] is dem]it$--once aga9 l ! s*oolboy4 ,t is :at ! sup]9t5d5t meant by t ref]5ce to ! envelope1 ! road's record ( ! man's s]vice ) x4 ,sixty dem]its--dismiss$4 ,t's ! rule ( "o big road4 ,b ! record does n always cont9ue to be negative4 ,its positive side re/s 9 ! fact t = e mon? a man keeps 8 envelope cle> five dem]its are tak5 f ! black side ( 8 envelope4 ,a tra9man might h =ty-five dem]its aga9/ him1 be on ! n>r[ edge ( dis*>ge1 & 9 elev5 mon?s1 aft] turn+ ! new leaf1 h z clean a %eet z ! be/ man on ! division4 ,?is is z x %\ld be4 ,! dem]it plan--(t5 call$ ! ,br[n sy/em--repres5ts ! triumph ( mod]n railroad op]ation ov] ! old4 ,! sup]9t5d5t may h all ! advantages ( a "t-tri$ disciple & a mod]n record sy/em2 h ! pre/ige & ! reputation t come f ! op]ation ( #ejj miles ( railroad1 & /ill h a h>d r[ to hoe4 ,out 9 ! ,middle ,we/ !re 01 until rec5tly1 a /ret* ( :at 0 kn[n z booze railroad4 ,x 0 a division :]e reputations & records alike c\nt$ = naught1 :]e discipl9e 0 a mock]y4 ,tra9-crews w5t f _! runs direct to saloons &1 :at 0 a deal worse1 began _! day's "w )9 !m4 ,! wreck record ( t division t w5t =w>d to ! ,/ate ,commission 0 appall+--& half ! wrecks 7 n report$4 ,y>dma/]s 7 busy day aft] day /[+ away damag$ equipm5t f> f ! curi\s eyes ( pass5g]s--! wreck+ crews 7 hamm]+ = big ov]-"t pay4 ,x 0 a ?or\ghly demoraliz$ /ret* ( railroad4 ,! di/ress$ presid5t ( ! sy/em s5t ,ea/ = a sup]9t5d5t :o _h a reputation4 ,he ?\ght he _h 8 man4 ,! new broom 0 a book-(-rules man4 ,he _h a qu>t] ( 8 op]at+ =ce laid (f all ! "t1 to g be=e him4 ,he 0 a man fond ( words1 & he lectur$ ^? old fell[s z if !y _h be5 s*ool *ildr54 ,he might h done q z well ) 8 division if he _h be5 op]at+ x f ,kam*atka4 ,! m5 began to call _! rule-books ! ,joe ,mill]s4 ,! sup]9t5d5t got mad & 0 lo/--hopelessly4 ,he began dis*>g+ "r & left1 & ! wra? ( ! gods & ( ! bro!rhoods 7! great labor unions ( ! railroads71 0 ^u him4 ,! road 0 ?reat5$ ) a big /rike at ! v "t t x c\ld lea/ af=d x4 ,he avoid$ t /rike only by acc$+ to ! dem& ( ! bro!rhood *iefs t ! sup]9t5d5t's head be giv5 to !m on a silv] platt]4 ,aft] t ! ,man ,)\t a ,c\ntry 0 9 a m enviable position4 ,!re 0 n a railroad 9 ! c\ntry t d>$ employ him1 despite 8 excell5t te*nical tra9+4 ,he drift$ up into ,canada1 got a job runn+ a /ate-op]at$ l9e4 ,he held t job less ?an a ye>4 ,he 0 murd]$ ( a w9t]'s night 9 a %ad[y railroad y>d1 %ot d[n by a dis*>g$ tra9 h&4 ,! grim situation on ! booze division grew mu* worse4 ,! presid5t ( t sy/em gave ! matt] 8 ke5 p]sonal att5tion2 he began sc\r+ ! entire wid? ( ! l& = mat]ial1 )\t mu* success4 ,:5 he 0 ?or\ghly disc\rag$1 a raw-bon$ tra9ma/] f a f> corn] ( ! demoraliz$ division appli$ = ! job ( sup]9t5d5t2 he reckon$ he c\ld h&le ! situation4 ,he _h caught ! presid5t unaw>es /&+ outside ( 8 private c>4 ,! presid5t told him t he 0 sup]9t5d5t4 ,!re 0 some?+ 9 ,matt's eye t took me1 he confess$ aft]w>ds4 ,y d see some?+ 9 a man's eye n[ & !n t beats a :ole b>rel ( ref]5ces4 ,s ,matt ,jones 7t is no?+ l 8 real "n71 took up ! na/ie/ op]at+ proposition 9 ! c\ntry4 ,he did n lecture nor dis*>ge1 n he2 b ! m5 knew t !re 0 a boss beh9d ! sup]'s desk4 ,! fell[s :o began trifl+ ) ! new broom 7 d[n 9 8 (fice ! next morn+4 ,jones select$ ! lead+ _s2 he _h ! advantage ( kn[+ him4 ,pete1 he said 9 a quiet way1 y've be5 dr9k+4 ,x doesn't g4 ,i'm n go+ to dis*>ge y1--he gave grim ?\ght to ! fate ( 8 pr$ecessor--b 9 ?irty days y are go+ to s5d 9 y\r resignation volunt>ily & leave our s]vice4 ,! man prote/$4 ,he _h n be5 dr9k+2 & ,matt ,jones _h bett] n try t game anyway4 ,! sup]9t5d5t wi%$ him a pleasant good-morn+ & b[$ him out ( ! (fice4 ,9 five days ! eng9e] 0 back1 uncall$4 ,! sup]9t5d5t saw him1 ev5 ?\gh he _h no m to say ?an he _h n be5 dr9k+2 t is1 he _h quit dr9k+ long ago4 ,9 t5 days he 0 back aga94 ,?is "t he admitt$ t he _h be5 dr9k+ up to ! day t ,matt ,jones took (fice4 ,! sup]9t5d5t said no?+4 ,he b[$ ! eng9e] out aga94 ,a mon? is a %ort ?+ at ! be/4 ,at ! end ( ! tw5ty-second day1 ! eng9e] aga9 f\nd 8 way to ! sup]9t5d5t's (fice4 ,he seem$ l a man :o _h be5 ?r\gh a sickness4 ,big human t he 01 he began cry+ at ! sight ( ! man :o 0 a real boss4 ,= ,god's sake1 ,matt1 don't =get ! old days up on ! bran*4 ,i c't get out f ! old road1 he said4 ,i gave y ?irty days' *ance to get on ano!r road1 0 all ! satisfaction t he got4 ,b on ! ?irtie? day ! eng9e] w5t to "w ) a clean envelope & ! new sup]9t5d5t _h an ally ( no mean /r5g?4 ,! pati5t gr9d+ won2 complete victory 0 only a "q ( "t2 ! presid5t five hundr$ miles away began to notice4 ,y may say :at y want1 railroad executives are born1 n made4 ,?is reads l romance1 b x is tru?4 ,matt ,jones is to-day g5]al manag] ( t sy/em1 & a little :ile ago a ,new ,york pap] said he 0 go+ to take *>ge ( "o ( ! big transcont95tal t ne$s a firm h& at its re9s4 ,?is sup]9t5d5t has 8 division #djj miles away f ,new ,york1 a clean /ret* ( busy railroad1 mak+ a l9k 9 "o ( ! /\te/ ( ! transcont95tal *a9s1 #cjj miles ( l9e1 mak+ traffic & h&l+ x4 ,! sup]9t5d5t is a p]sonage 9 ! little inl& city :]e headqu>t]s are locat$2 8 op9ion is eag]ly s\ght by ! local report]s ea* "t a new civic problem is tackl$4 ,if he 7 9 ! metropolitan di/rict he w\ld be unkn[n except to a little cot]ie ( railroad]s2 up "h he is ! voice ( ! railroad4 ,he is f> m real to ! folk ( half a doz5 popul\s c\nties ?an is ! presid5t ( ! road1 a /uffy g5tleman :o comes up 9 a private c> once 9 a doz5 ye>s to ! d9n] ( ! local ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce & tells ! t[nspeople to ?ank ,god t !y h ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,k4 ,m4 runn+ ?r\gh _! lovely little city4 ,y may li/5 = ! clatt] ( ! telegraph key 9 8 h\se & be entirely disappo9t$4 ,i w\ld h poor sy/em if ,i _h to li/5 to all ! gossip ( ! wire1 he tells y quietly4 ,we've organization on ?is /ret* ( l9e4 ,he says ?is ) a bit ( pride4 ,we h m5 & we h sy/em4 ,my tra9-ma/]s are 9 effect assi/ant sup]9t5d5ts3 !y are expect$ to organize b5ea? !m4 ,wat* ?is sort ( man4 ,he is ! k9d t ,am]ican railroad+ is hungry = to-day4 ,( him ! big executives are be+ made ea* ye>4 ,he ent]s 8 (fice 9 ! morn+ & gets a few brief reports ( ! situation on ! l9e3 fir/ wea!r1 !n conge/ion conditions 9 ! big y>ds4 ,aft] t he talks ov] ! long-di/ance 'phone ) ! ,g4 ,m41 f\r hundr$ miles away4 ,he gives a summ>y ( ! situation to headqu>t]s1 j z ! summ>ies came 9 to him f 8 tra9-ma/]s at junctions & at t]m9als4 ,he holds ! telephone receiv] = a m9ute3 ! 'phone is rapidly com+ into g5]al railroad use s9ce ! telegraph]s made ,congress pass a bill limit+ _! work+ h\rs to eight ea* day4 ,t bill promises to make tr\ble yet = ! m5 :o 7 suppos$ to b5efit by x4 ,! telephone speaks to him a mom5t4 ,he hangs up ! receiv] & speaks to 8 *ief cl]k4 ,w4 ,h4 ,t4 is com+ up ! l9e ?is aft]noon4 ,tell ! boys n to get rattl$1 he says4 ,t is all4 ,! passage ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ov] 8 ?ree hundr$ miles ( well-ord]$ track makes no flutt] 9 ?is sup]9t5d5t's he>t4 ,if x 7 ,europe--! troops w\ld be drawn out1 all o!r tra9s br\ght to a /&/ill1 pilot eng9es run 9 advance ( ! royal tra91 9 inf9ite p[-w[ ov] ! railroad+ ( nobility4 ,b x is n ,europe1 x is ?is bless$ ,unit$ ,/ates1 p>tly bless$ because x s excessively diff]s f ,europe4 ,only ! milit>y aides ( ! ,presid5t lam5t ^u ! in=mality ( 8 travel4 ,"s "t s9ce a great executive 0 mak+ ! famili> loop ?r\gh\t ! ,we/4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( a division ( l9e ! f> side ( ! ,miss\ri 0 a worri]1 & 0 p]sonally wat*+ ! progress4 ,9 ord] to facilitate re> plat=m oratory ! ,presid5t's c>s 7 plac$ at ! re> ( a tra9 t h>dly rank$ z express4 ,betwe5 t[ns ! delays grew frequ5t & a /uffy little aide 9 uni=m prote/$ to ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,look a' "h1 sir1 he said /iffly1 :y don't y let ^! o!r tra9s up ! l9e wait8 ,! division 0 s+le-track4 ,y "k ?is is ! ,presid5t's tra94 ,a tw9kle came into ! sup]'s eye4 ,y're wrong1 he said1 9 ! positive tones ( a real executive4 ,?is is n ! ,presid5t's special4 ,?is is tra9 numb] #fg ( ! ,b----ma9 l9e1 & %e hasn't _m m rights on ! "t-c>d ?an a gravel limit$4 ,n[ if y 7 snit*+ along on our crack]-jack ,nippon ,limit$--!re's "s tra91 sir4 ,!y w\ldn't lay h] out4 ,%e's d\ble-extra fir/-class all ! way ?r\gh to ! coa/4 ,! po9t ( t 0 n lo/4 ,an in/ance ( a diff]5t sort occurr$ "s ye>s ago1 :5 ,mr4 ,roosevelt w5t up into ,nor!rn ,new ,york to make a spee*4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( ! old ,black ,riv] road 0 pretty pr\d ( 8 /ret* ( l9e1 & invit$ ! !n ,gov]nor to ride 9 8 neat inspection eng9e4 ,dee-light$1 said he ( ! gleam+ tee?1 & he climb$ up into ! big cab4 ,! sup]9t5d5t wond]$ :at he'd ?9k ( t nifty /ret* ( track j nor? ( ,lewville4 ,col4 ,roosevelt nev] ?\ght4 ,z soon z he 0 settl$ 9 ! cab he pick$ a well-?umb$ copy ( ,c>lyle's ,fr5* ,revolution out ( 8 pocket & read x e in* ( ! way f ,utica to ,wat]t[n4 ,! ,republican p>ty _h to worry along !reaft] )\t t sup]9t5d5t's vote4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ! sup]9t5d5ts _c become g5]al manag]s or railroad presid5ts2 !re is n room at ! top = ev5 a dec5t proportion ( ! be/ ( !m4 ,! real trag$y on ! division comes :5 a ,pr9ce gr[s old & = ! fir/ "t realizes t he is nev] to be ,k+4 ,:5 su* trag$y %[s its head x is "t = ! /ove committee--! m5 :o gossip 9 r\ndh\se corn]s & ! y>dma/]'s (fice--to talk 9 :isp]s4 ,buffalo is no mean pr9cipality 9 ! railroad _w--x is ne> k+dom 9 itself--miles & miles & /ill m miles ( conge/$ freight y>ds1 tonnage 9 brea?-tak+ volume roll+ 9 f ! wond]ful lakes eight mon?s out ( ! twelve1 a n]v\s traffic t nev] ceases4 ,= ye>s !re reign$ 9 ,buffalo1 9 calm comm& ( ! situation = a great railroad sy/em1 a man :o 0 entitl$ by e virtue ( ! ^w to be call$ sup]9t5d5t4 ,!y call$ him ! lion & did n misuse t ^w ei!r4 ,he 0 a lion1 gu>dian ( a great railroad gate1 a /]n old lion ^: ^w & ^: law 7 unque/ion$4 ,b "t ag$ ! man1 & ! day came :5 ! cl]ks 9 8 out] (fice began to talk 9 :isp]s2 !y 7 hav+ ! audacity to wond] :o ! new ,pr9ce w\ld be4 ,two m5 ?\ght t !y 7 capable--"o an assi/ant sup]9t5d5t 9 ! great y>d at ,ea/ ,buffalo1 ! o!r hold+ simil> rank ov] at ,ro*e/]4 ,ea* ( ^! m5 0 prep>$ to assume great] honor1 to sit 9 comm& at ! lion's great desk4 ,t old fell[ sat alo(4 ,8 e>s 7 n too deaf to he> ! :isp]+s ( 8 cl]ks 9 ! out] (fice1 & sometimes :5 "o ( !m w\ld creep 9 ^u him unaw>es !y w\ld f9d him sitt+ alone !re1 head 9 h&s1 hold+ ! =t4 ,! two assi/ant sup]9t5d5ts ga9$ c\rage2 !y w5t to ! picayune bus9ess ( pull+ wires4 ,at o!r times !y lock$ horns4 ,!y lock$ horns ov] "o great "q4 ,x 0 n op]ation t set !m at odds1 n a vex+ practical "q ( h[ "s conge/$ y>d might be lanc$ s t traffic %\ld fl[ ! m freely1 or a ma9 l9e section be aid$ to give a great] daily tonnage4 ,no?+ ( t sort = ! two ambiti\s assi/ants4 ,a new pony inspection eng9e1 ) an obs]vation room built =w>d ov] ! boil]--j ! sort t ,col4 ,roosevelt _h once us$ z a read+-room--0 to be built = ! division1 & ea* assi/ant ?\ght t he ne$$ t eng9e = ! dignity ( 8 job4 ,ea* 9 turn w5t be=e ! lion & /at$ 8 claims = ! possession ( ! pretty toy4 ,! old man li/5$ ) grave dignity4 ,a week lat] he s5t d[n to ! ma/] me*anic at ! big ,depew %ops & _h him deliv] a br& new h&-c>1 ) 8 complim5ts1 to ea*4 ,! pony-eng9e w5t into ! r\ndh\se until ! real ,pr9ce %\ld come4 ,!n he sat long h\rs alone at 8 desk once m4 ,f9ally !y br\ght a man to him1 a f9e1 up/&+ man4 ,! lion rose f 8 comfy old *air & gave greet+ to ! newcom]4 ,i'm glad to see y1 0 all he said2 b to ! g5]al manag]1 :o _h come up f ,new ,york1 8 eyes seem$ to ask3 ,y've br\ght ! "r man "h at la/8 ,he turn$ to ! /rang]4 ,w\ld y l a pony eng9e to get ov] ! division8 0 8 "q4 ,i'm will+ to g to hell1 & g 9 a caboose1 laugh$ ! /rang]4 ,! old sup]9t5d5t grasp$ him by ! h&4 ,?ank ,god1 !y've s5t a real man to be sup]9t5d5t at ,buffalo1 0 all he said4 ,t 0 ! only recognition t he gave to "o :o s9ce has become "o ( ! ma/] railroad]s ( ,am]ica1 b 9 t mom5t ! act ( succession _h be5 consummat$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,op]at+ ,,! ,,railroad ,,au?ority ,,( ,,! ,,*ief ,,cl]k ,,& ,,t ,,( ,,! ,,assi/ant ,,sup]9t5d5t-- ,,responsibilities ,,( ,,eng9e]s1 ,,firem51 ,,ma/] ,,me*anic1 ,,tra9-,,ma/]1 ,,tra9-,,despat*]--,,arrang+ ,,! ,,"t-,,table--,,fundam5tal ,,rules ,,( ,,op]ation--,,signals--,,select+ ,,eng9e ,,& ,,c>s ,,= ,a ,,tra9--,,cl]ical ,,"w ,,( ,,conductors--,a ,,trip ,,) ,,! ,,conductor--,,! ,,despat*]',s ,,au?ority--,,signals ,,along ,,! ,,l9e--,,ma9t5ance ,,( ,,way--,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,bridges ,,& ,,build+s--,,road-,,ma/]--,,section ,,boss4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ! division runs q naturally into sev]al *annels4 ,! r\t9e ( ! "w1 ! mak+ & fil+ ( records & reports1 ! h&l+ ( ! mass ( correspond5ce t mu/ con/antly arise1 is usually 9 ! h&s ( a *ief cl]k1 :o has control ov] ! (fice =ce at division headqu>t]s4 ,if !re is an assi/ant sup]9t5d5t1 ! *ief cl]k w divide responsibility ) him1 ! !ory at all times be+ to cut (f ! detail :]ev] possible4 ,?is (fice "w is n radically diff]5t f ! (fice managem5t ( any o!r l>ge bus9ess4 ,its cl]ks are ab\t ! only unorganiz$ =ce 9 railroad employ4 ,if ! managem5t ( ! road is ( ! divisional type1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( c\rse is a m important executive ?an if x is ( ! dep>tm5tal type4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 z we h se51 he w probably h at lea/ p>tial au?ority ov] ! eng9e] ( ma9t5ance ( way1 ^: =ce keeps ! l9e & track /ructures 9 full repair1 & also looks aft] ord9>y con/ruction "w along ! division4 ,9 ! road ( divisional type1 he w also h p>tial au?ority ov] ! ma/] me*anic1 9 *>ge ( ! %ops & r\ndh\ses & ! locomotives ( ! division4 ,^! la/ are reg>d$ by ! railroad z "p ( its ma*9]y1 l ! plan]s & drills 9 ! %ops !mselves2 & = ! c>e & op]ation ( ! locomotives ! eng9e]s & firem5 are held responsible to ! me*anical dep>tm5t4 ,?is is ! case ev5 ^u ^? railroads :]e1 "u ! dep>tm5tal sy/em1 ! sup]9t5d5t has no direct au?ority ov] ! ma/] me*anic ^u 8 division4 ,= ! conduct ( ! tra9s :i* _! locomotives pull1 bo? eng9e]s & firem5 are directly responsible to ! op]at+ dep>tm5t4 ,! ma/] me*anic simply sees to x t ! railroad's prop]ty is ma9ta9$ to a c]ta9 degree ( effici5cy & t ! man :o op]ates ! locomotives is capable f e po9t ( view4 ,a reasonable am\nt ( det]ioration is expect$1 & ea* locomotive is expect$ to turn 9 to ! %ops = inspection1 ov]haul+ & repairs1 at c]ta9 /at$ int]vals4 ,! sup]9t5d5t has absolute au?ority ov] ! two (ficials :o are *iefly int]e/$ 9 ! conduct ( ! tra9s ov] ! division--! tra9-ma/] & ! tra9-despat*]4 ,! fir/ ( ^! two (fic]s1 :o mu/ dove-tail _! "w bo? night & day1 has ! assignm5t ( ! tra9 crews4 ,8 op9ion w be call$ = :5ev] ! vex$ que/ions ( s5iority & promotion arise1 & he w be ask$ to help to plan all extra or special freight & pass5g] tra9s4 ,to %[ h[ ?is is done br+s u close to ! "q ( s*$ules1 & we may pause = a mom5t to consid] h[ ?is important phase ( ! railroad's op]at+ is build$ toge!r4 ,t "t-table t y h j pull$ f ! fold] rack seems at fir/ glance an int]m9able mass ( mean+less figures2 yet :5 y come to f9d y\r j\rney ^u x1 x quickly simplifies itself1 & y beg9 to m>vel at ! relation ! figures be> to "o ano!r1 h[ easily y may pick y\r c\rse ?r\gh ! long columns ( num]als4 ,! m ext5sive "t-tables t ! railroad employees c>ry are q z simple1 & yet !y are great feats ( typographical composition4 ,9 reality1 bo? ^! =ms ( pr9t$ "t-tables are b transcripts ( ! real "t-table ( ! division1 :i* is kept set out ^u a great bo>d4 ,?is bo>d is rul$ 9 two directions4 ,! regul>ly spac$ int]vals 9 "o direction are m>k$ z "t1 & repres5t "t--"o entire day ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 ! o!r direction ( ! bo>d ! /ations are spac$ 9 proportion to _! actual spac+ ^u ! l9e4 ,! reproduction ( a portion ( su* a bo>d = an imag9>y division ( a railroad w illu/rate4 ,?is l9e runs f ,som]set to ,rockville1 #abj miles2 & portions ( x are d\ble-track$1 ! re/ s+le-track1 z %[n at ! top ( ! diagram4 ,on ! d\ble-track1 tra9s go+ 9 ! same direction may pass "o ano!r only at ! v]tical l9es1 :i* repres5t /ation pass+ sid+s1 & on ! s+le-track sections ?is rule holds1 ) ! additional "o1 ( c\rse1 t tra9s runn+ 9 opposite directions may also pass "o ano!r at ! v]tical /ation l9es4 ,= economy ( room only ! sev5 h\rs f six o'clock 9 ! morn+ until "o o'clock 9 ! aft]noon are %[n "h4 ,foll[+ an old-"t practice1 odd numb]s w repres5t up-b\nd tra9s1 f ,som]set to ,rockville2 ev5 numb]s1 ! d[n tra9s4 ,s we h an e>ly morn+ accommodation pass5g] tra91 ,no4 #a1 leav+ ,rockville at #f3aj o'clock & proce$+ at a leisurely rate ( ab\t tw5ty miles an h\r 7:i* makes all[ances = local /ops7 all ! way to ,som]set at ! f> end ( ! division1 :i* x is due to rea* at #aa3de ,a4 ,m4 ,x is halt$ = any l5g? ( "t only at ,honeyt[n1 :]e upb\nd ,no4 #h--local accommodation--& upb\nd ,no4 #f--;fa/ express--w pass x4 ,at #f3bj o'clock an upb\nd local accommodation ( ! same nature z ,no4 #a1 & h5ce kn[n z ,no4 #b1 leaves ,som]set &1 halt+ only at ,robb9s's ,corn]s to p]mit ! fa/ upb\nd ,no4 #f to ov]haul & pass x1 rea*es ,rockville at #a ,p4 ,m4 ,tra9 ,no4 #ca1 :i* foll[s ,no4 #a out ( ,rockville =ty m9utes lat]1 is a milk tra91 & s mu/ h a lib]al all[ance = /ops4 ,x proce$s only z f> z ,/oneville1 :]e ! dairy c\ntry ends1 /ops !re long en\gh to turn & to wat] ! eng9e1 & !n returns to ,rockville z ,no4 #cb4 ,tra9 ,no4 #aag is a way-freight1 & /ill sl[]4 ,s x foll[s ! milk-tra94 ,x is kn[n z a l[-class tra9 by ! railroad]s4 ,x mu/ wait ev]y:]e = bett] class tra9s to pass x4 ,tra9 ,no4 #aah is ! same class ( tra91 proce$+ 9 ! oppos+ direction4 ,tra9 ,no4 #e is a d[n express4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,! ,,real ,,"t ,,table ,,( ,,! ,,division ,,looks--,,! ,,"o ,,us$ ,,9 ,,headqu>t]s ,sometimes un=ese5 dem&s ( traffic necessitate ! runn+ ( extra tra9s1 & ^! may be /rung across ! bo>d4 ,?is bo>d1 9 reality1 has all its tra9s plac$ ^u x by /r+s & p9s1 to admit ( ! con/ant *anges t ! s*$ules are always und]go+1 & ! addition ( a new tra9 is a quick proce$+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a skill$ tra9-ma/] or despat*] w r>ely take ! "t actually to /r+ an extra tra94 ,he c>ries ! s*$ule too completely 9 8 head to admit ( su* a necessity4 ,b ! extra tra9 is be/ plac$ foll[+1 z a second section1 "s good pass5g] tra91 z indicat$ on ! diagram4 ,! regul> tra9 w !n c>ry signals %[+ t x is foll[$ on ?is p>ticul> day4 ,:ile ! tra9 ord]s protect its movem5t 9 any ev5t1 z w be %[n 9 a mom5t1 ! bill+ ( ! extra tra9 z a second section is less ( an upset to ! regul> op]ation ( ! division4 ,practis$ op]at+ m5 f\nd ye>s ago t ! few] deviations made f ! regul> programme ( ! day1 ! high] ! proportion ( safety arose4 ,n[ y beg9 to see ! use ( ! tra9-despat*]4 ,if ! un=ese5 nev] came to pass ^u ! railroad1 in/ead ( com+ to pass ne>ly e h\r1 !re might be no ne$ ( t (fic]4 ,ea* eng9e]1 ea* conductor1 ea* /ation ag5t w\ld h 8 complete "t-tables1 & ! road w\ld run e day 9 full accordance ) !m4 ,t 0 ! v e>lie/ & ! mo/ primitive way ( op]at+ railroads4 ,almo/ z e>ly ! ne$ arose ( hav+ a special direction ov] ! op]ation ( ! tra9s4 ,em]g5cies arose daily4 ,tra9s 7 (t5 late2 /orms beat d[n ^u ! l9e2 ! sn[ cov]$ its rails2 :at might h be51 accord+ to ! "t-c>d1 an ord]ly op]ation ( l9e1 became *aos4 ,if a tra9 0 ord]$ by s*$ule to meet a tra9 b\nd 9 ! opposite direction at ,p----1 x might wait !re = long h\rs1 n kn[+ t ! o!r eng9e 0 brok5 d[n at ,a----4 ,! inv5tion ( ! telegraph & its almo/ in/ant application to ! railroad s]vice made su* special direction possible4 ,s n[ we f9d ! explicit directions ( ! s*$ule supplem5t$ by ev5 m explicit directions f ! tra9-despat*] at ! head ( ! tra9 movem5ts ^u ea* division4 ,briefly /at$1 x may be said t ! eng9e] & ! conductor 9 *>ge ( a tra9 are fir/ guid$ by ! s*$ule1 :i*1 aft] _m revisions1 has be5 compil$ ) great c>e1 & 9 ref]5ce to connect+ l9es1 bran*es1 & adjo9+ divisions4 ,?is s*$ule acts 9 conjunction ) c]ta9 simple fundam5tal rules ( op]ation1 ! ,a1 ,b1 ,c ( e railroad]4 ,by "o ( ^!1 tra9s ( ! same class b\nd nor? or ea/ are giv5 prec$5ce1 all o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ov] tra9s b\nd s\? or we/4 ,?is rule is sometimes sup]s$$ by "o giv+ "r-(-way to tra9s b\nd up ! l9e--or ! rev]se4 ,high-class tra9s1 l ! fa/e/ limit$ expresses1 h prec$5ce ov] tra9s ( graduat$ l[] classes--d[n to ! sl[-mov+ heavy freights4 ,:5 any sort ( tra9 loses a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t--usually half an h\r or m--x loses all rights t x might ev] h _h1 & ev]y?+ else on ! l9e has prec$5ce ov] x4 ,a tra9 may lose "t if x has to1 b !re are nev] any circum/ances t w ju/ify x 9 runn+ ahead ( "t4 ,all ?is is ! "p ( railroad op]ation :i* gov]ns ! relation ( "o tra9 to ano!r4 ,!re are ev5 simpl] b n less vital rules t control its own op]ation4 ,9 ord] t ! eng9e] :o is guid+ ! tra91 & ! conductor :o %>es ! responsibility1 may keep 9 t\* ) "o ano!r1 ! device 0 adopt$ _m ye>s ago ( hav+ a cord run ?r\gh ! c>s ( pass5g] tra9s to a bell signal 9 ! cab ( ! eng9e4 ,?is bell signal dur+ rec5t ye>s has giv5 way to an improv$ =m ( locomotive signal1 s\nd$ by means ( compress$ air 9 tubes ?r\gh\t ! tra91 & op]at$ 9 connection ) ! air-brake equipm5t4 ,! air-:i/le1 or bell cord-code ( signals1 is /&>d ^u all ,am]ican railroads1 & is z foll[s3 ,:5 ! tra9 is /&+3 ,two signals--/>t4 ,?ree signals--back4 ,f\r signals--apply or release air-brakes4 ,five signals--call 9 flagman4 ,:5 ! tra9 is 9 motion3 ,two signals--/op at once4 ,?ree signals--/op at ! next /ation4 ,f\r signals--r$uce spe$4 ,five signals--increase spe$4 ,!re also arises a necessity = communication betwe5 m5 :o /& outside ! tra9 & :o seek to guide ! movem5t ( ! locomotive4 ,?is necessity has giv5 rise to /ill ano!r code1 transmitt$ by ! h&s--hold+ a flag1 if possible--by day1 & a light$ lant]n at night4 ,?is signal code foll[s3 ,me?od ( ,transmitt+ ,signal4 ,indication4 ,swung across track4 ,/op4 ,rais$ & l[]$ v]tically4 ,proce$4 ,swung v]tically 9 a circle across ! track3 ,:5 ! tra9 is /&+-- ,back4 ,:5 tra9 is 9 motion-- ,tra9 has p>t$4 ,swung horizontally 9 a circle3 ,:5 ! tra9 is /&+-- ,apply air-brakes4 ,held at arm's l5g? above head3 ,:5 ! tra9 is /&+-- ,release air-brakes4 ,any object wav$ viol5tly by any p]son on or ne> ! track is a /op signal4 ,by use ( 8 locomotive :i/le1 ! eng9e] is enabl$ to ackn[l$ge ^! signals1 z well z to signal ^u 8 own initiative4 ,8 code is also a /&>d 9 railroad+4 ,x foll[s3 ---- ,a %ort bla/4 -------- ,a long bla/4 ---- ,/op1 apply brakes4 -------- -------- ,release brakes4 ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- ,flagman g back ---- -------- -------- -------- & protect re> end ( tra94 ------- -------- -------- -------- ,flagman return to tra94 -------- -------- -------- ,tra9 9 motion1 has p>t$4 ---- ---- ,ackn[l$gm5t ( signals1 n o!rwise provid$ =4 ---- ---- ---- ,/&+ tra9--back4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ,call = signals4 -------- ---- ---- ,calls att5tion to foll[+ section4 -------- -------- ---- ---- ,highway cross+ signal4 ---------------- ,approa*+ /ations1 junctions or railroad cross+s at grade4 ,a succession ( %ort bla/s is an al>m = p]sons on ! track & calls ! att5tion ( tra9m5 to dang] ahead4 ,^! signal codes op]ate fundam5tally 9 connection ) ! ess5tial rules ( s*$ule t we h already %[n4 ,suppose n[ t we consid] ! work+s ( all ?is sy/em z x comes d[n to actual practice 9 a s+le concrete in/ance4 ,we are f9d+ our way to a big t]m9al y>d 9 all ! murk9ess & cl\d9ess ( v e>ly morn+1 & once aga9 we hunt out t urbane s\l1 ! y>dma/]4 ,he holds 9 8 h& ! yell[ tissue ( an ord] f ! despat*] ( ! division4 ,9 ! concis5ess ( telegraphy x tells him to />t a ?ird section ( tra9 #aah--?r\gh freight--at #f3ae o'clock4 ,j back ( 8 little grimy box ( an (fice is ! big sprawl+ r\ndh\se--a doz5 freight]s ) bank$ fires /&+ 9 ! /alls1 await+ summons to "w4 ,! twelve eng9es are divid$ into sev]al classifications accord+ to pull+ /r5g? & spe$1 b ! despat*] has designat$ ! p>ticul> eng9e he wi%es = ?ird-#aah1 & he gets x--a big lanky pull]--#ahdg4 ,%e is *os5 *iefly because %e has _h ! longe/ r\ndh\se re/1 hav+ br\ght 9 a ?r\gh freight f up ! l9e1 & hav+ be5 receiv$ ) eng9e]'s report %[+ h] to be 9 good runn+ ord]1 at five o'clock ye/]day aft]noon4 ,be=e ! #ahdg slipp$ f ! turntable into ! wait+ /all1 ! ho/l]s & ! wip]s 7 at h]4 ,! ho/l]s _h tak5 h] ov] ! c9d]-pit & clean$ out ! fire-box4 ,!n !y w5t ov] h]1 clean+ h]1 in* by in*1 a me*anical inspector 9 _! wake1 te/+ & s\nd+ & *eck+ e item 9 ! eng9e]'s report :i* %[$ #ahdg to be 9 good ord] at ! end ( 8 run ) h]4 ,!re 0 n mu* *ance left = any %irk+ ( responsibility1 no matt] :at might arise ^u ! #ahdg on any com+ day4 ,we turn & wat* ! y>dma/] once aga94 ,he has ! r\ndh\se =eman s5d "o ( ! bright "y boys :o hang ar\nd 8 (fice night & day1 & :o dream ( t com+ h\r :5 !y w h&le an #ahdg = !mselves1 to call ! eng9e] & fireman1 ^: names are po/$ fir/ out4 ,or p]haps ! telephone has come into play--9 ^! days 9 ! small] t[ns !re is h>dly a h\se too humble to h receiv] & transmitt] hang+ some:]e ^u its walls4 ,9 any ev5t ! eng9e-crew are suppos$ to /ay home :5 (f duty1 unless especially excus$1 & to live )9 reasonable di/ance--say a mile--( ! r\ndh\se4 ,! call] tells ! eng9e] & fireman to report at ! r\ndh\se at #e3de ,a4 ,m4 ,at t h\r ! ho/l]s h made ! #ahdg fit = s]vice4 ,h] t5d] has be5 fill$ ) coal1 h] tanks ) wat]1 ev5 h] s& is pack$ abo>d ! box t /&s ^u ! boil] & is ready to help on slipp]y rail & upgrade4 ,! eng9e] makes ke5 inspection ( ! #ahdg be=e he moves h] a s+le in*1 makes sure ) 8 ke5 & practis$ eye t %e is q fit = s]vice1 pokes "h & !re & ev]y:]e ) 8 long-sp\t$ oil-c4 ,at a m9ute or two aft] %op :i/les h %riek$ six o'clock he pulls ! #ahdg out f ! %ad[s ( ! r\ndh\se4 ,he gets an op5 signal & swit* to ! ma9 y>d & f9ds wait+ on a sid+ 9 t great place1 ! trail ( freight c>s & ! caboose t are go+ ) him to make ,?ird-#aah4 ,n[ come back = a mom5t 9 y\r ?\ght4 ,:ile we 7 /ill scurry+ d[n to ! grimy y>d1 ! despat*] 0 creat+ ,?ird-#aah4 ,on 8 desk 7 c> reports1 %[+ :at _h be5 receiv$ & s5t out1 & !re 0 en\gh accumulation ( /uff 9 ! y>ds la/ night to ju/ify a ,?ird-#aah4 ,because good railroad+ means y>d-sid+s cle>$1 & /&+ c>s & freight1 l pass5g]s1 kept con/antly mov+1 he did n hesitate at ord]+ h] out4 ,he f\nd t !re w\ld be #cb c>s betwe5 t5d] & caboose1 weigh+ approximately "s #abjj tons1 & s he ord]$ f ! r\ndh\se an eng9e ( a class :i* ! me*anical dep>tm5t gu>ante$ capable ( pull+ f #a1jjj to #a1ejj tons1 gross weight4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,railroad ,age ,gazette ,,! ,,electro-,,pneumatic ,,signal-,,box ,,9 ,,! ,,control ,,t[] ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,t]m9al ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,responsible ,,m5 ,,:o ,,/& ,,at ,,! ,,swit*-,,t[] ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,t]m9al3 ,a ,,l>ge ,,t[] ,,( ,,! ,,manual ,,type ,illu/ration3 ,,:5 ,,w9t] ,,comes ,,^u ,,! ,,l9es ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,w ,,h ,,full ,,use ,,= ,,e ,,"o ,,( ,,8 ,,wits ,illu/ration3 ,,wat*ful ,,signals ,,gu>d+ ,,! ,,ma9 ,,l9e ,,( ,a ,,busy ,,railroad ,! y>dma/] _h giv5 ! numb]s ( ! c>s t 7 to make ,?ird-#aah1 j z he receiv$ !m f "o ( ! despat*]'s assi/ants1 to a swit*+ =eman1 :o arrang$ !m1 ) ! quick facility t comes f long practice1 into an ord] t w\ld p]mit !m to be set (f at v>i\s po9ts up ! l9e1 ) ! lea/ possible am\nt ( swit*+4 ,t practical sequ5ce work$ out 9 p5cil & pap]1 a /ubby swit*-eng9e effect$ 9 reality4 ,! c>s & ! caboose1 9 prop] ord]1 7 ready1 ) ! crew1 & inspect$ :5 ! #ahdg back$ to !m & ,?ird-#aah came into h] be+4 ,a y>d call] _h summon$ ! tra9-crew :ile ! r\ndh\se call] 0 r\nd+ up ! two m5 ( ! eng9e-crew4 ,coll9s1 ! conductor1 & 8 brakem5 _h report$ at ! y>d-(fice1 & 7 assign$ to ,?ird-#aah4 ,coll9s f\nd ! c>s & caboose wait+ j a few m9utes be=e ! #ahdg _h be5 c\pl$ to !m1 ) little ado & no =mality :atsoev]1 beyond ! te/+ ( ! air-brakes4 ,into 8 tra9-book he _h ent]$ ! numb] ( ea* c> & ! initials ( ! road own+ x1 its de/9ation1 its empty or t>e weight2 ! weight ( its load1 & ! sum ( ^! or its gross weight4 ,he sees to x t ea* box-c> is firmly seal-lock$4 ,if n1 he refuses to accept x f ! y>dma/] until x has be5 reseal$1 & makes a note ( ! occurr5ce4 ,l ! eng9e] & ! ho/l]s 9 ! r\ndh\se1 he takes no *ances1 no responsibilities t d n fairly belong to him4 ,) bo? conductor & eng9e] ready1 ,?ird-#aah />ts ^u h] day's run4 ,! y>d op]ator has telegraph$ ! despat*]'s (fice t #c-aah is await+ in/ructions4 ,9 t despat* he has giv5 ! locomotive numb]1 ! numb] & total weight ( ! c>s x hauls1 ! "n ( bo? eng9e] & conductor4 ,! tra9-despat*] ent]s ^! details ( tra9 & crew at ! head ( a column ( 8 tra9 regi/]4 ,on t regi/] !re are spaces = ! entries ( arriv+ & leav+ times ( ! tra9 z telegraph$ him by ! op]ators at ea* telegraph /ation on ! division4 ,! tra9 once s ent]$ by a despat*]'s cl]k1 ! despat*] s5ds a cle>ance c>d to ! telegraph op]ator at ! little y>d (fice :o repeats x back = accuracy4 ,!n ! y>d op]ator pres5ts t cle>ance ord] to ! eng9e] & conductor1 :o read x al\d to him--also = accuracy1 ( c\rse--& !n sign t !y h read & und]/ood ! ord]4 ,! signatures are !n report$ to ! despat*]'s (fice1 :i* wires ,complete4 ,complete goes 9 writ+ ^u ! copies ( ! ord] made 9 manifold1 :i* g to eng9e]1 to conductor1 & to ! op]ator's own files4 ,! eng9e] reads 8 ord] to ! fireman1 :o repeats x back to him2 ! conductor foll[s ! same r\t9e ) 8 brakem54 ,t all s\nds complicat$1 b quickly becomes me*anical & rapid2 ! dang] is t x may become s me*anical & rapid z to p]mit ( s]i\s errors pass+ un*eck$ ?r\gh ! r\t9e4 ,b ! railroad has done its "p4 ,x has1 = itself1 tak5 e possible precaution aga9/ error & result+ accid5t4 ,we are privileg$1 & we climb into ! caboose ( ,?ird-#aah4 ,we hold cr$5tials to ,coll9s1 h] conductor1 & !y are unimpea*able4 ,we c see t f 8 face z he holds 8 lant]n ov] !m3 he w\ld n ev5 let u into 8 caboose until 8 own m9d 0 set4 ,aft] t !re 0 b>ely "t to jump abo>d4 ,! #ahdg is beg9n+ to cle> ! y>d be=e we h _h "t = a good look at ! inside ( ! little caboose4 ,y won't f9d our hack any fancy place1 says ,coll9s4 ,b we've _h x n9e ye>s n[1 & x seems k9d ( homelike to u aft] all ?is "t4 ,! we consi/s ( ,coll9s & 8 re> brakeman4 ,! =w>d brakeman1 :o is held responsible = ! front half ( ! tra91 has 8 headqu>t]s 9 ! cab ( ! #ahdg4 ,! caboose is a home-l place1 snugly w>m$ by a r$-hot /ove plac$ 9 its corn] & l9$ ) bunks made into b$s1 ,pullman fa%ion2 only nev] 0 !re a ,pullman sleep] t gave y less s5se ( ! impressive & a great] s5se ( a snug cab94 ,squ>ely plac$ 9 its c5tre is a sort ( wood5 pyramid & ! /eps up ?is lead to ! look\t f :]e ! long snaky tra9 c be wat*$4 ,k9d o' ol'-fa%ion$1 t1 apologizes ,coll9s4 ,?' las' "t ,i _h ?' cab9 into ! %ops = ov]-haul9'1 !y (f]$ to take x out an' put 9 ?' ladd]s2 b ,i says 'no'2 an' ?is is :y4 ,"o by "o he lifts its h+$ /eps4 ,?is is a pyramid built ( lock]s1 a regul> treasure h\se ( railroad necessities4 ,!re are all sorts ( ropes & jacks & wr5*es1 extra p>ts aga9/ e em]g5cy4 ,!re is a food closet1 & ano!r lock] fill$ ) neat /acks ( /ation]y4 ,!y give u m =ms to fill out n[ ?an ?' sup]'s (fice got tw5ty ye>s ago1 he laughs4 ,i sp5d m ?an half my "t at t desk4 ,! cl]ical "w on ,?ird-#aah is consid]able4 ,coll9s has to keep all ! way-bills ( 8 tra9--#cb c>s1 almo/ #ajj1jjj wor? ( m]*&ise1 & if he makes a s]i\s error x is apt to co/ him 8 job4 ,he writes a neat h&1 & 8 records1 l 8 caboose1 are kept 9 %ip-%ape fa%ion4 ,he is a c>eful /ud5t ( ! e?ics & ! practices ( railroad managem5t & op]ation4 ,he has 8 own ideas on ea* ( ^!1 & :5 y get to !m !y are good ideas4 ,( su* z he railroad executives are e ye> made 9 ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we slip up ! l9e1 sl[ly ?read+ our passage ?r\gh ! mass ( pass5g] tra9s1 fa/ & sl[1 t all times h ! "r-(-way ov] ! ?ird sections ( r ord9>y freights4 ,coll9s sometimes ?ru/s 8 ord]s into our h&s 9 ord] t we may see some?+ ( ! great detail ( ?is bran* ( op]at+4 ,ea* is wond]fully specific1 & we "k by t complete on ! corn] t x has be5 giv5 9 detail4 ,no4 #a ,eng9e #bbcf w wait at ,morris ,level until #aj3jj ,a4 ,m4 = #c-aah1 ,eng9e #ahdg4 ,! signature is t ( ! initials ( ! division sup]9t5d5t1 ! num]als h be5 spell$ out4 ,x w\ld seem z if ! railroad _h tak5 e possible precaution = safety4 ,& yet aga91 rememb] t great accid5ts h happ5$ ^u ,am]ican railroads j because m5's m9ds h p]v]sely refus$ to read :at eyes & e>s h read4 ,& yet !re seems to be no?+ to be done1 m ?or\gh ?an is already be+ done4 ,are all ^! freights ^u s*$ule8 y may ask ,coll9s1 aft] y meet a few doz5 ( !m )9 ! limits ( a s+le-track division4 ,he is dec5t en\gh n to laugh at y\r ignorance4 ,s*$ule8 he repeats4 ,x's a joke4 ,!y give our fir/ section a "t to get out on1 9 ! "t-c>d & !n "o o' !m bright (fice-boys gets a figg] out o' 8 head an' puts x d[n = an arriv9' "t4 ,he nev] hits x an' he nev] expects to4 ,s m an' m !y're gett9' to move ?is freight on special ord]s4 ,!y c bett] regulate x !n1 'cord9' to volume ( bus9ess4 ,mos' ( ! m5 c>ry ! s*$ules ( ! fas' an' ?' way-freights 9 _! domes4 ,?' co>se tonnage /uff doesn't ev5 get special ord]s4 ,:5 !y get en\gh ( x1 d[n on ?' ma9 l9e1 !y get an eng9e out o' ?' r\ndh\se1 give ! tra9 ?' eng9e numb]1 & />t (f4 ,railroad traffic along ! freight end foll[s bus9ess conditions mighty close4 ,x is /ill daylight :5 we halt at a junction1 across a froz5 riv] f a city4 ,! city is set ^u a /eep hillside1 & its h\ses rise f ! riv] 9 ev5 t]races4 ,at ! top a great dom$ /ructure--! ,/ate ,h\se--cr[ns x4 ,x is a /ill w9t]'s morn+1 & ! smoke f all ! *imney-pots ext5ds /raight heav5w>d4 ,we wait pati5tly ^u a long sid+ until ev]y?+ else has be5 mov$--?r\gh fa/ expresses heavily lad5 ) opul5t-look+ ,pullmans1 j]ky little suburban tra9s1 long draughts ( empty coa*es1 be+ drawn by consequ5tial swit*-eng9es 9 & out ( ! tra9-%$ ( ! pass5g] /ation4 ,f9ally a c]ta9 semaphore blade drops1 we cross ov] to ! important ma9 l9e & beg9 pull+ on a %>p curve1 across ! riv]1 cle> ( ! /ation ) its confusion1 ?r\gh & pa/ ! city to a busy division y>d4 ,9 a v little "t1 = ?is is _! home t[n1 ,coll9s & 8 crew are regi/]+ at ! y>dma/]'s (fice4 ,! eng9e] ( ! #ahdg1 & 8 fireman1 turn 9 _! "t-slips & proce$ ) ! locomotive to ! r\ndh\se :]e !y make a report ^u its condition4 ,_! names are po/$ on ! 9 li/ or regi/]1 & !y are (f duty until !y are summon$ by ! call]s at ?is end ( ! division4 ,! despat*] has1 ( c\rse1 be5 appris$ ( ! safe end+ ( ! run ( ,?ird-#aah4 ,9 ! despat*] we h a high type ( railroad (ficial :o works almo/ unkn[n to ! great travell+ public1 & yet accepts a v great measure ( ! responsibility = ! safe op]ation ( ! l9es4 ,8 ord]s1 s5t by telegraph & be>+ t cabali/ic initial signature ( 8 sup]9t5d5t1 are ! products ( 8 own m9d4 ,!re c be no mi/ake 9 ^!1 & he kn[s x4 ,ea* message t he s5ds may produce disa/]1 & he kn[s t4 ,he is an executive ( a type t is n to be pass$ by lightly4 ,he has ris5 f ! ranks ( ! telegraph]s1 mo/ likely f "s lonely c\ntry /ation or =lorn signal-t[]1 & 8 k ( railroad op]ation1 bo? !oretical & practical1 mu/ approa* p]fection4 ,on sunny1 s]5e days he proce$s ) ! !oretical railroad+2 :5 /orms or unexpect$ influxes ( traffic come to h>ass ! division1 he w ne$ e bit ( 8 practical k4 ,h&l+ a numb] ( special tra9s--freight or pass5g]--is a /ra91 & t /ra9 is mo/ felt at ! despat*]'s desk4 ,n[ & !n y\r morn+ pap] tells ( a railroad wreck1 & laconically adds1 ,! despat*] 0 at fault4 ,! /ories ( ! wrecks t 7 =e/all$ by ! %e] g5ius ( ! m5 :o sit night & day at ! telegraph in/rum5ts at headqu>t]s are ! /ories t are = ! mo/ "p untold1 & t f> surpass 9 ?rill & int]e/ ! /ories ( ! failures4 ,! despat*] mu/ also be ! full measure ( a man4 ,he is1 l ! sil5t figure ^u ! bridge ( a great %ip1 ( unque/ion$ au?ority z he sits at 8 desk4 ,he may or may n h a map ( ! l9e be=e him z he sits !re1 b y may be c]ta9 t he kn[s :]e e mov+ tra9 on ! division is at ! mom5t y see him1 j z cle>ly z if x 7 all visible !re to ! nak$ eye 9 "s sort ( picture map4 ,no tra9s proce$ )\t 8 express ord]s4 ,he has reliefs & !re is no h\r ( day or night :5 "o ( ^! is n at ! despat*]'s desk1 hav+ ! "w ( ! l9e "u 8 exact sup]vision4 ,! ord] t any tra9 receives f ! despat*] by means ( ! telegraph w1 z we saw 9 ,coll9s's case1 direct x to proce$ to a c]ta9 po9t on ! l9e1 & w specify e tra91 regul> or extra1 t x w meet1 & ! meet+ po9t4 ,:5 ! tra9 has proce$$ to ! end ( its ord]s !re w be m ord]s f ! tra9-despat*] to be receipt$ =1 & s x w proce$ to ! end ( ! r\te4 ,x is q possible t at any /age ( ! j\rney ord]s w come f headqu>t]s nullify+ ^? already issu$1 9 "p or entirely2 & ^! mu/ be acc\nt$ = 9 ! same ?or\gh & accurate fa%ion4 ,"s ( ?is seems r$ tape to ! m5 on ! l9e1 & !re come times :5 !y are a bit dispos$ to rebel at :at seems to !m useless =mality4 ,!re also come times :5 tra9s cra% into "o ano!r2 & at ^? times ! railroad1 ) its inf9ite sy/em ( record+ its ord]s1 is g5]ally apt to be able to place ! blame pretty accurately4 ,^? are ! times :5 ! sy/em ( tra9 ord]s ju/ifies its wor?4 ,rec5tly ! telephone has come into some?+ m ?an an exp]im5tal use 9 despat*+ tra9s ^u ,am]ican railroads4 ,v>i\s causes h contribut$ to ?is4 ,= "o ?+1 ! use ( ! telephone enables ! av]age road to make good use ( its vet]ans1 m5 :o w\ld indignantly refuse to become p5sion]s1 & yet :o h come to a "t 9 _! lives :5 !y mu/ set _! pace 9 g5tl] key4 ,a tru/$ old employee1 a man crippl$ p]haps 9 loyalty to ! company's s]vice1 a ke5-witt$ responsible woman1 any "o ( ^! c compet5tly h&le tra9 ord]s ov] a telephone1 )\t hav+ to h ! education & ! wond]ful exp]tness t comes only f long exp]i5ce 9 telegraphy2 & !y all become available 9 ! despat*+ s]vice4 ,/ill ano!r cause has contribut$ to ! *ange1 :i* is be+ report$ ea* week f "s fre% corn] ( ! c\ntry--! telegraph]s1 !mselves4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s !y 7 able to induce ,congress to r$uce _! day's "w to eight h\rs4 ,translat$1 ?is meant t ! av]age way-/ation :i* _h be5 mann$ by "o or two op]ators w\ld correspond+ly ne$ two or ?ree op]ators4 ,! telegraph]s1 by reason ( ! exp]t tra9+ ne$$ 9 _! bus9ess1 kept _! wage-scale up1 & ! railroads felt t eight-h\r bill ke5ly 9 _! treasuries4 ,s !re may h be5 ! lea/ bit ( retribution 9 _! seek+ ! telephone z a relief4 ,! *ange has c]ta9ly be5 made 9 ! ke5 hope ( effect+ economy4 ,no railroad op]ator w\ld feel a%am$ to admit t f9e impea*m5t4 ,mod]n railroad+ simply makes ! same dem& ( ! telephone t x makes ( ! telegraph--t x keep ! probability ( safety high4 ,x makes ! same dem& ( ! m5 :o ma9ta9 ! signals1 ! track1 ! bridges1 & o!r portions ( ! "r-(-way4 ,let u consid] !m 9 ! pass+ ( an in/ant4 ,y "k ! signals along ! l9e ( ! railroad--^? gaunt1 uncanny ?+s t spell dang] or safety to ! m5 9 ! eng9e-cabs4 ,a little :ile ago1 we /ood beside a man 9 ! sun-fill$ t[] ( a great railroad t]m9al & wat*$ him op]ate ! mo/ complicat$ swit* & signal sy/em 9 ! l&1 wat*$ him ) ! crook+ ( a f+] ^u ! lev] ( an electric ma*9e raise ?is blade1 l[] t1 z he made new pa?s = ! _m tra9s1 com+ & go+4 ,a plant ( t sort is kn[n z ! int]lock+4 ,9 its simple/ =m1 x w gu>d a junction betwe5 two s+le tracks4 ,! ma/ ( ! signal w rise1 accord+ to /&>d cu/om1 at ! "r ( ! track 9 ! direction ( travel1 & !re w probably be two semaphore blades1 ! upp] ( :i* gu>ds & signals ! /raight ma9-l9e or sup]ior track1 ! l[]1 ! div]g+ bran*1 kn[n z ! inf]ior track4 ,! blade rais$--automatically %[+ a r$ light--indicates t ! ma9 l9e is clos$ to ! eng9e]4 ,/op6 ,dang]6 are ! words x tells him4 ,! blade l[]$1 a gre5 light is automatically display$1 & ! eng9e] kn[s t he c g ahead at full spe$ on ! ma9 l9e4 ,! road is cle> = him4 ,! l[] blade gives simil> indications = ! bran* div]g+ l9e4 ,normally1 bo? blades /& at /op & dang]1 & ! "o gu>d+ ! l9e = :i* ! tra9 is de/9$1 is dropp$ only on ! approa* ( ! tra91 itself4 ,9 fact1 to facilitate ! movem5t ( tra9s1 ^! gu>d+ signals--kn[n to ! signal exp]ts z home signals--are g5]ally int]lock$ ) di/ant signals sev]al hundr$ feet d[n ! l9e1 on :i* blades indicat+ ! div]g+ tracks =eca/ ! /ory t ! home signal is to tell ! eng9e]4 ,! blade rais$--by night display+ a :ite or safety signal--on ! di/ant signal indicates t ! l9e x gu>ds is block$ at ! home signal1 & t ! eng9e] mu/ be prep>$ to br+ 8 tra9 to a full /op4 ,dropp$--%[+ ! gre5 safety light--t p>ticul> l9e is op5 & ready1 & ! eng9e] c be prep>$ to pass ! junction )\t a v great dim9ution ( spe$4 ,t is ! fundam5tal rule ( ! signal4 ,"s roads h exp]im5t$ ) o!r =ms ( indicators--disks ( "o sort or ano!r1 semaphore blades t turn upw>ds r ?an drop4 ,! devices are num]\s1 b ! pr9ciple is ! same4 ,:5 ! tracks beg9 to multiply1 & ! signals beg9 to multiply 9 ev5 great] proportion1 !y are g5]ally c>ri$ ov] ! tracks on a light bridge con/ruction--our ,engli% c\s9s call x a gantry--& a s]ies ( small semaphore ma/s built up f ! bridge4 ,"o ( ^! ma/s1 or dolls1 w be assign$ to ea* track2 & if !re *ances to be an unsignall$ sid+-track ( little importance pass+ "u ! bridge1 x w h its own doll ris+ f ! bridge al?\gh q devoid ( semaphore blades4 ,s x is all q z cle> z pr9t to ! eng9e]1 ev5 :5 =ty or fifty lights bl9k at him f a s+le bridge4 ,! signals tell _! /ory to him q z simply z to ! man 9 ! t[]1 :o is sett+ _! blades 9 accordance ) 8 c>efully arrang$ plans4 ,:]e signals are n ( ?is int]lock+ type1 gu>d+ "s junction1 railroad grade cross+1 draw-bridge or o!r po9t ( possible dang]1 !y are likely to resolve !mselves into ! block sy/em4 ,?is sy/em1 9 a r crude =m1 ) ! use ( op]ators at ea* block-t[] or way-/ation1 has be5 9 developm5t = some?+ less ?an ?irty ye>s ^u ! ,am]ican railroad4 ,9 brief1 x divides a l9e--usually d\ble-track$1 b sometimes us$ by ! s-call$ /aff me?od ^u a s+le-track road--into sections1 or blocks1 ( f ?ree to five miles ea*4 ,on d\ble-track "u ?is sy/em1 no two tra9s1 ev5 ?\gh travell+ 9 ! same direction are p]mitt$ 9 ! same block4 ,at ! entrance to ea* block /&s a tall ma/ ) two ( ! conv5tional signal blades4 ,! upp] ( ^! rais$ d5otes t a tra9 is /ill 9 ! block1 & an eng9e] mu/ /op 8 tra9 & wait till x drops1 be=e he c proce$4 ,! l[] blade1 :5 rais$1 indicates t a tra9 is 9 ! second block ahead1 & ! eng9e] mu/ proce$ only ) caution & expect+ to f9d t block clos$ aga9/ him4 ,x is all q simple2 & if ! eng9e]s foll[$ ! signals absolutely1 !re nev] c\ld be any re>-end collisions on l9es protect$ by block signals4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re r>ely ev] are1 al?\gh ! eng9e]s d take *ances "t & "t aga94 ,:y %\ld ,i /op = t ?+1 said a vet]an eng9e] on a fa/ express tra9 z we w5t :irr+ by "o ( ^? upp] blades rais$ & comm&+ u 9 a blood-r$ po9t ( light to /op1 :5 ,i c look d[n ?is /raight /ret* & see !y're cle>8 ,l z n some?+'s got into ! me*anism ( x & let h] flop t way4 ,d n insult ! intellig5ce ( t eng9e]4 ,a little :ile be=e1 he _h told u1 ) a deal ( pride1 t ! roll+ /ock ( 8 road plac$ end to end w\ld rea* f ,new ,york to ,omaha1 a di/ance ( "s #acjj miles4 ,ke5e/ ( ! ke51 he _h a sort ( contempt = a rule-book 9 su* a case z t4 ,isn't x sort ( positive8 we began4 ,good excuse anyway-- ,x is1 he %\t$ back1 b someh[ x don't g if y fall beh9d on y\r runn+ "t4 ,we're "h to use ord9>y good s5se--& br+ our tra9s 9 on "t4 ,& yet ! railroad has a %>p way ( insi/+ ^u compliance ) t book ( rules by mak+1 once 9 a great :ile1 surprise te/s4 ,a signal is set at dang]1 )\t any m app>5t reason ?an 9 ! case j cit$2 a secret wat* is kept1 & judgm5t & discipl9e are visit$ ^u ! heads ( ! eng9e]s :o p]mit !mselves to run pa/ x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to op]ate ! signals calls = "o body ( m51 & to ma9ta9 !m = fai?ful s]vice aga9/ all mann] & /ress ( we> & wea!r1 ano!r2 j z !re mu/ be a work+ corps to keep ! "r-(-way 9 work+ ord]4 ,?is la/ is a mighty brigade ( ! railroad's army2 = "o man 9 e f\r :o works = x is employ$ 9 keep+ ! track 9 ord]4 ,"o doll> 9 e six t ! railroad sp5ds goes = t purpose4 ,ma9t5ance ( way on ea* division divides itself into a sup]9t5d5t ( bridges & build+s1 :o sees to ! upkeep ( ^? facilities2 & a roadma/]1 :o specializes ^u ! track itself4 ,?is la/ (fic]1 almo/ inv>iably "o :o has begun to %\ld] himself up 9 ! ranks ( ! railroad army f ! v beg9n+1 has 8 t]ritory divid$ into sections f two to five miles 9 l5g? on d\ble-track1 f f\r to t5 on s+le4 ,9 comm& ( ea* section a fai?ful h&-c> & a gr\p ( m or less fai?ful section-h&s1 figur$ on an all[ance ( "o to ea* mile ( track1 is a section-boss4 ,! section-boss is a wry & a wise s\l1 or %\ld be4 ,he may n "k z mu* ab\t ! =mulas = comp5sat+ curves z t bright boy :o has j come out ( a te* s*ool to /& 8 turn at a transit1 b he has a m>vell\s sort ( intuitive s5se 9 keep+ 8 little /ret* ( track 9 ord]4 ,he c sight 8 rail & discov] flaws 9 alignm5t z a bl9d man c f9d surface flaws ) ! develop$ tips ( 8 f+]s1 & all ! :ile he may be gr[l+ at ! railroad managem5t = add+ to ! weight ( its roll+-/ock & p\nd+ ! elevations out ( 8 track4 ,9 summ] he is exp]t ) ! track jacks & con/antly putt+ 9 bits ( balla/ "h & !re2 & 9 ! w9t]1 :5 ! fro/ & sn[ h made x impossible to t\* ! balla/1 he keeps 8 elevations by means ( %ims4 ,a %im is a piece ( wood1 f %+le ?ickness to ! wid? ( two ties pil$ "o ^u ! o!r1 & is w$g$ betwe5 ! tie & ! rail till summ] comes & ! l9e c be correct$ by balla/+4 ,! section-boss mu/ keep pace ) a job t is no s9ecure4 ,if 8 gang1 9 eag]ness to be on dress p>ade1 almo/ ?r[s dirt on ! re> /eps ( ! boss's private c> z x goes :izz+ d[n ! l9e1 he mu/ also see to x t !y keep plugg+ at x :]e !re is n ev5 a locomotive :i/le )9 s\nd4 ,he mu/ be ?rifty1 economical4 ,he mu/ rememb] t ! humble cross-tie :i* once co/ a qu>t] n[ co/s almo/ a doll>1 & t = "o ( ^! to be f\nd neglect$ 9 ! dit* is almo/ a capital crime4 ,he mu/ h an eye = loose spikes & angle-plates1 = ! big boss has h9t$ at ! annual loss to ! road 9 ^! simple factors4 ,at 8 call & t ( ! sup]9t5d5t ( bridges & build+s is a "w-tra91 made up ( a few flat-c>s & disc>d$ coa*es1 do+ bo>d+-h\se ,pullman s]vice 9 _! decl9+ ye>s1 :i* looks aft] "w too sizable = ! section-boss & 8 little gang1 & yet n l>ge en\gh = ! att5tion ( ! dignifi$ g5tlem5 :o are kn[n z ! recon/ruction eng9e]s4 ,yet "s ( ! feats ( ^! "w-tra9 gangs h ! crackle ( eng9e]+ g5ius4 ,x takes bra9s to rip out a little timb] span & replace x 9 ! int]val betwe5 two tra9s spac$ a c\ple ( h\rs ap>t1 & 9 ! railroad1 bra9 "w (t5 comes f ! %abby workman1 f ! man :o graduates f ! comm& ( 8 own batt]$ h&-c>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ?is elaborate sy/em ( railroad op]ation has be5 built up ?r\gh _m ye>s ( practice4 ,exp]i5ce has be5 m ?an a tea*] 9 ! bus9ess1 :i* becomes ye>ly m & m ne>ly a develop$ sci5ce2 %e has be5 a :ole faculty & a curriculum1 too4 ,me?ods t promis$ well at ! outset h be5 f\nd faulty aft] trial1 & reject$4 ,committees ( tra9$ exp]ts h pond]$ & report$ volum9\sly2 ! /&>d railroad codes ( e sort h be5 born because ( !m4 ,! op]ation ( ! railroad has be5 br\ght close to sci5ce4 ,x w\ld seem z if ! entire field _h be5 completely cov]$4 ,& yet new situations con/antly arise1 ! l ( :i* h nev] be=e pres5t$ !mselves1 ev5 to ! railroad vet]ans4 ,traffic moves 9 unequal volume1 p>ticul>ly freight traffic4 ,!re are s+le-track /ret*es ?r\gh ! ,middle ,we/ t />ve ?r\gh elev5 mon?s ( ! ye>1 & = ! o!r ?irty days h&le 9 gra9 m tonnage ?an a d\ble-track trunk-l9e 9 ! ,ea/4 ,obvi\sly su* l9es _c be d\ble-track$ = ?irty days ( bus9ess2 q z obvi\sly ! ov]tax$ division1 its equipm5t1 & its m5 mu/ rise to e necessity ( ! floodtide ( bus9ess4 ,!re are fat ye>s & !re are lean ye>s4 ,!re come ye>s ( bump] crops1 ye>s :5 ! factory lights burn f sunset to dawn1 & :eels turn unceas+ly1 & !n ! sup]9t5d5t wond]s h[ 8 equipm5t & m5 are go+ to /& ! /ra94 ,eng9es are kept f ! %ops & 9 s]vice2 no?+ t is ev5 a semblance ( a c> is kept out ( s]vice2 ! dem& = m5 is ke52 prosp]ity /ra9s ! res\rces ( ! railroad4 ,9 ! lean ye>s1 eng9es are sometimes kept f ! %ops because ! railroad feels t x mu/ hold d[n its runn+ exp5ses to keep pace ) r$uc$ rev5ues1 & su* a c\rse x c /\tly def5d z no?+ else ?an good bus9ess4 ,equipm5t beg9s to /& idle4 ,eng9es are tuck$ away on empty sid+s1 bo>d$ & =lorn2 & if ! ye> be v lean inde$1 ! sup]9t5d5t may f9d x necess>y to s5d out a wreck+ crane & beg9 lift+ empty c>s (f ! rails & leav+ !m 9 ! dit* at ! side ( ! "r-(-way1 until ! gold5 times come aga94 ,at su* seasons 8 +5uity is te/$ q z mu* z 9 ! times ( floodtide4 ,ord]s come to cut exp5ses1 & 8 big exp5se is ! pay-roll4 ,:5 he beg9s to blue-p5cil t pay-roll1 "s "o is go+ to be hungry4 ,! sup]9t5d5t kn[s t4 ,he mu/ move ) great c>e 9 su* em]g5cies4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,fell[s ,,out ,,^u ,,! ,,l9e ,,m5 ,,:o ,,run ,,! ,,tra9s ,,mu/ ,,h ,,bra9 ,,z ,,well ,,z ,,muscle--,,_! ,,tra9+--,,f ,,f>m]',s ,,boy ,,to ,,eng9e]--,,! ,,brakeman',s ,,dang]\s ,,"w--,,baggageman ,,& ,,mail ,,cl]ks--,,h&-,,swit*m5--,,! ,,multif>i\s ,,duties ,,( ,,c\ntry ,,/ation-,,ag5ts4 ,"o man 9 e twelve 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is on ! pay-roll ( a railroad4 ,no wond] t t great organism comes s close to human life ?r\gh\t ! nation1 t we seem to t\* x at e turn4 ,?is "o out ( twelve is ! great army ( indu/rial ,am]ica4 ,compos$ ( ne>ly #a1ejj1jjj m51 x is an army t inspires loyalty & cop]ation )9 its own ranks1 & confid5ce & admiration f )\t4 ,to a nation ^: cre$ is "w1 x /&s z ! uni=m$ ho/ /&s to a fight+ nation l ,engl& or ,france or ,g]many4 ,! army ( indu/rial ,am]ica inspires n "o :it less affection ?an ^? great crops ( paid fight]s 9 ,europe4 ,n9ety-six p] c5t ( ?is army ( railroad]s are engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( ma9ta9+ & op]at+ ! great av5ues ( transportation1 an ov]:elm+ proportion 9 ! la/ phase ( ! bus9ess4 ,! op]at+ dep>tm5t is1 to ! av]age m9d1 ! railroad4 ,its memb]s are ! m5 ) :om ! public come (t5e/ 9 contact2 !y are ! m5 :o are (t5e/ call$ ^u to haz>d life & limb 9 ! pursuit ( _! call+s4 ,! romance ( ! railroad--a romance t is told 9 un5d+ prose & v]se--hov]s ov] ! m5 :o op]ate x4 ,! m5 :o labor 9 ! %ops & keep eng9es & c>s safe & fit = ! mo/ effici5t s]vice h no small responsibilities4 ,moreov]1 _! "w1 =g+ & f9i%+ great masses ( metal1 is n )\t its own haz>ds4 ,! m5 :o give _! "t & tal5ts to ! ma9t5ance ( ! track & ! /ructure ( ! railroad h equal responsibilities4 ,x is n d\bt$ = an in/ant t bo? ( ^! are important functions 9 ! conduct ( railroad transportation1 & ea* 9 turn w h full att5tion giv5 to x4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] we h consid]$ ! m5 :o control ! actual op]ation ( ! railroad1 ! safe conduct ( its tra9s up & d[n ! l9e4 ,h[ ab\t ! privates 9 ! ranks ( ?is indu/rial army1 ! m51 :o by _! loyalty & ability =m ! v f\ndations ( successful op]ation1 :o also =m ! mat]ial f :i* executives are *os5 e day8 ,!re are no common labor]s 9 ?is phase ( railroad "w4 ,a man ) /\t muscles & less ?an ! av]age am\nt ( bra9s c (ttimes %ovel balla/ out ) ! track-gangs2 !re are _m1 _m opportunities = crude labor 9 ! heavy metal "w ( ! railroad's %ops2 !re are none )9 ! sci5tific activity t gives itself to ! runn+ ( ! tra9s4 ,! humble/ ( ^! folk mu/ h a p>ticul> tal5t1 a tal5t s peculi> t x might almo/ be describ$ z lat5t ,am]icanism4 ,! l[e/-pric$ man 9 ! tra9-s]vice mu/ und]/& ! entire complicat$ !ories ( railroad op]ation to a ,t4 ,he may be ! man on :om responsibility--! responsibility = ! safety ( n "o b _m human lives--may sudd5ly be ?ru/4 ,a gate-t5d] at a highway cross+ has n ord9>ily a place ( grave/ responsibility2 yet 9 "s lea/ expect$ h\r ?is humble/ employee ( ! op]at+ dep>tm5t may hold ! fate ( human life 9 ! balanc+ ( 8 /eady h&s4 ,am]icans run ! ,am]ican railroads4 ,= ?is great s]vice m5 mu/ possess n only ! m5tal capacity = und]/&+ ! te*nique ( op]ation1 b ! physical /r5g? to meet ! /ress ( h>d labor1 & ( e sort ( wea!r1 & ( long h\rs sp5t ^u mov+ tra9s4 ,moreov]1 !re is a requirem5t ( morals--t a man mu/ fully "k & q z fully accept ! responsibility = human life t is plac$ 9 8 h&s4 ,^! ?+s comb9$ make t lat5t ,am]icanism ( :i* we h j spok52 & ! railroad t digs deep into ?is m9e ( lat5t ,am]icanism f9ds its mat]ial1 n 9 ! great cities ) _! va/ colonies ( =eign]s1 b on ! f>ms ( a broad1 broad l&4 ,! boy /&+ 9 ! pa/ure sees ! express tra9 g skimm+ pa/ him f an unkn[n great _w into ano!r unkn[n great _w1 & /raightway he has ! railroad fev]4 ,he drives to ! depot ) ! milk cans1 & !re he comes 9 contact ) ! p]sonnel ( t l9k ( /eel t /ret*es across ! f>m :]e he 0 born4 ,x is only a little "t aft] t be=e he is apply+ = "w z a railroad man4 ,s x is t ! railroad f9ds f9e timb] = its s]vice4 ,x picks & *ooses4 ,= its *oice x has ! pick ( ,am]ican timb]1 ! ironwood ( our national =e/s ( humanity4 ,x ga!rs its army ( m51 inspects !m c>efully = physical1 m5tal & moral requirem5ts & !n x impresses ^u !m ! necessity ( good liv+1 ! absolute necessity ( def]5ce to an e/abli%$ & rigid sy/em ( discipl9e z a requirem5t 9 ! successful h&l+ ( ! diff]5t transportation bus9ess4 ,?us we h ! railroad m5 z ! be/ work]s ( ! nation4 ,if y want pro( ( t1 ask any ( ! great mail-ord] conc]ns :i* class ( bus9ess !y pref] & !y w tell y )\t hesitation t x is ! railroad man4 ,come clos] home & ask ! m]*ants ( any community ! same "q4 ,_! answ] w be ! same4 ,rigid conditions1 out-(-door life1 sob] habits make desirable citiz5s out ( ?is class ( work]s4 ,!re are none bett] any:]e4 ,9 ! tra9 s]vice1 ! ord9>y r\te ( promotion is ?r\gh ! freight s]vice to ! pass5g]4 ,?us1 = ! f>m]'s boy :o hank]s to sit 9 ! cab ( ! locomotive t hauls ! ,limit$ !re is a long h>d pa?4 ,*ances are t at ! beg9n+ ! road =eman ( eng9es w />t him at odd *ores1 call+ crews1 wip+ eng9es1 & ! l1 ar\nd "s "o ( ! big r\ndh\ses4 ,he w "w h>d1 b "h he w beg9 to absorb ! romance ( ! l9e1 ! romance t1 l fog & eng9e smoke1 lies ar\nd ! eng9e h\se1 ?ick en\gh to cut4 ,p]haps aft] a :ile !y w give him a little au?ority & make him a ho/l]4 ,! ho/l] & ! /alls 9 ! r\ndh\ses are qua9t survivals ( ! mo/ primitive railroad days1 :5 horses 7 really motive p[]4 ,at odd times1 night times p]haps1 ! boy w ride 9 eng9e cabs & gradually acquire a k ( "o ( ^! great ma*9es su* z no text-book w\ld ev] give him4 ,!n comes 8 fir/ big opportunity4 ,!re is a vacancy among ! eng9e crews2 ! road =eman ( eng9es gives him a good report1 & he beg9s to h deal+ ) ! tra9-ma/]4 ,he is made a fireman1 & he travels ! division end to end1 day 9 & day out4 ,n[ he kn[s :y ! railroad requires physical te/s z well z te/s ( eyesight & ( he>+4 ,ev5 aft] he has tak5 ano!r /ep 9 advance & be5 promot$ to ! pass5g] s]vice 7we w assume t ours is a bright1 ambiti\s boy71 he w only f9d t 8 labors 9 ! eng9e-cab h be5 increas$4 ,x is no slight task1 fir+ a heavy locomotive ov] #ajj or m miles ( grade-climb+1 curve-r\nd+ railroad4 ,x is a task t fairly calls = human arms ( /eel2 = "s firem5 h&le "s #ag tons ( coal 9 a s+le run4 ,! appetite ( t firebox is seem+ly insatiable4 ,!re is h>dly a mom5t dur+ ! run t x is n clamor+ to be f$1 & t ! fireman is n h>d at x !re on ! rock+ floor ( ! sway+ t5d]1 rea*+ f t5d] coal to firebox door4 ,b ! day does come1 if he /icks h>d at x1 :5 he becomes an eng9e]4 ,he has le>n$ ! l9e well1 dur+ 8 c\ntless trips ov] x z fireman4 ,he has come to "k e signal1 e bridge1 e /ation1 e curve1 e grade1 e place = sl[1 c>eful runn+1 e place = spe$+1 z ?or\ghly z ev] riv] pilot le>n$ 8 c\rse4 ,!re h be5 _m times :5 he has _h to assume tempor>y *>ge ( ! eng9e4 ,he is a qualifi$ man at lea/ to sit 9 ! "r h& ( ! cab1 to h comm& ov] rev]se lev] & ov] ?rottle4 ,8 "w is ( a diff]5t sort already4 ,! h>d physical labor is a ?+ ( ! pa/1 mo/ ( ! "t he sits at 8 "w4 ,b responsibility replaces physical /ress1 & ! f>m] boy n[ realizes :i* ( ! two is m we>+4 ,^u 8 judgm5t--in/ant judgm5t "t & "t & "t aga9--! fate ( t heavy tra9 dep5ds4 ,aft] he has be5 promot$ f freight eng9e] to pass5g] eng9e] he has a tra9 fill$ ) humanity1 & he kn[s ! diff]5ce4 ,by day ! incl9ation ( a s+le blade1 by night ! fri5dly welcome or ! h>% comm& ( *angeable lights mu/ nev] escape him4 ,"o slip1 & aft] t-- ,! eng9e] pref]s n to ?9k ( t4 ,he pref]s to ?9k ( a safe trip1 t]m9al to t]m9al1 to ?9k ( ! long l9e cov]$1 once aga9 9 safety1 to ?9k ( ! /ation at ! f> end ( ! division1 :]e a relief eng9e & eng9e] w be 9 wait+ to take ! tra9 ano!r /age 9 its long j\rney across ! l&1 to ?9k ( ! home & family await+ him4 ,he is a big pass5g] man n[4 ,:5 he gets to ! end ( ! run1 !re w be a crew to take 8 locomotive away to ! r\ndh\se4 ,he w h a bit ( a wa% & 9 a few m9utes he w be b\nd ?r\gh ! /ation wait+-room1 well dress$1 smok+ a good fifte5-c5t cig>1 q z f9e a type ( ,am]ican citiz5 z y might wi% to see any:]e4 ,y w\ld h>dly recognize 9 ?is well-dress$ man ( affairs1 ! ke5-ey$1 s\nd-bodi$ man 9 blue jeans :o /ood beside 8 eng9e1 oil-c 9 h&1 at ! f> end ( ! division4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! same type holds true ?r\gh ! man 9 c>e ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! tra9s4 ,take ! brakeman--!y call him tra9man n[adays 9 ! pass5g] s]vice4 ,9 ! old days ?is 0 a sl\*y1 some:at slov5ly dress$ individual ( a self-ackn[l$g$ indep5d5ce4 ,"t has *ang$ him 9 ?irty ye>s4 ,an increas$ respect = ! s]vice has tak5 away f him 8 sl\*9ess2 a feel+ t good "w & h>d "w w take him ?r\gh ! ranks1 ?r\gh a s]vice z conductor1 p]haps to tra9-ma/]1 to sup]9t5d5t1 goodness kn[s h[ mu* fur!r1 has replac$ t bumpti\s indep5d5ce4 ,he began z brakeman on a freight4 ,!re 7 two1 possibly ?ree1 ( ^! m5 to ! tra91 "u comm& ( ! conductor1 back !re 9 ! caboose1 & !y 7 suppos$ to di/ribute !mselves pretty equally ov] ! top ( ! tra94 ,! =w>d brakeman w\ld "w f ! cab backw>d1 ! re> brakeman f ! caboose 7he also probably calls x a hack71 =w>d1 ! rema9+ man :5 a ?ird 0 assign$ to ! tra91 hav+ ! middle4 ,x 0 ?\ght & confid5tly pr$ict$ t ) ! univ]sal use ( ! air-brake to freight equipm5t ! days ( clamb]+ ov] ! tops ( ! c>s to man ! brakes 7 ov]4 ,brakem5 tw5ty ye>s ago 7 dream+ ( ! day :5 !y might sit 9 a cab or caboose & h ! difficult "w ( slack+ or ! /opp+ ( a #a1ejj-ton tra9 accompli%$1 ?r\gh ! g5ius ( me*anism1 by a h&-turn ( ! eng9e] ^u an air-brake ?rottle4 ,b :at look$ s well 9 !ory has n work$ q s well 9 practice4 ,! railroads h f\nd ! we> & te> on ! air-brake equipm5t1 p>ticul>ly ) ! /eep grade l9es & heavy equipm5t1 a trem5d\s exp5se4 ,= ! sake ( t & = ! sake ( /ill great] safety--foll[+ ! railroad rule to use ea* possible safety measure1 "o ^u ! o!r--! brakem5 are /ill compell$ to keep to ! top ( ! c>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,:5 ,,! ,,tra9 ,,comes ,,to ,a ,,wat] ,,/ation ,,! ,,fireman ,,gets ,,out ,,& ,,fills ,,! ,,tank ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,freight-,,crew ,,& ,,its ,,hack ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,view ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,span ,,( ,a ,,mod]n ,,truss ,,bridge ,,gives ,,an ,,idea ,,( ,,its ,,/r5g? ,,& ,,solidity ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,is ,,adopt+ ,,! ,,new ,,=m ,,( ,,upp] ,,quadrant ,,signal ,on a pleasant day ?is is a task t c give ! av]age brakeman a sort ( supreme contempt = ! man ^: "w h\ses him )9 f\r walls4 ,if ! road lies ?r\gh a lovely c\ntry1 if x pi]ces m\nta9 ranges1 or foll[s ! twi/+ c\rse ( a broad riv]1 he may feel a contempt1 too1 = ! pass5g] :o obs]ves ! lovely sc5es only ?r\gh ! n>r[ conf9es ( a c> w9d[4 ,to him !re is a broad horizon1 & he w\ld be a poor sort ( man inde$ if he did n rise to ! inspiration ( ?is environm5t4 ,!re is q ano!r side ( ?is 9 ! w9t]4 ,let w9d & ra9 & !n freez+ wea!r come1 & t icy footpa? ov] ! top ( ! snaky tra9 becomes ! mo/ dang]\s way 9 all ,*ri/5dom4 ,x consi/s ( only ?ree n>r[ planks laid l5g?wise ( ! tra91 & betwe5 ! c>s !re is a two-foot int]val to be jump$4 ,h&-rails ( any sort are an impossibility1 & ! brakeman n[ & !n w receive a %>p slap 9 ! face t is n ! slap ( w9d or ( sleet1 & he w fall flat ^u ! c>-ro( or dodge to ! ladd]s t run up betwe5 ! c>s4 ,t slap 0 ! slap ( ! tickl]1 t gall[s-l affair t /&s gu>d be=e tunnels & l[ bridges & gives crude w>n+ to ! man work+ ^u ! tra9 ro(s ( a worse slap yet to come4 ,!re are o!r dang]s1 n ! lea/ ( ^! ! possibility ( op5 battle at any "t ( day or night ) "o or m hobos1 tramps1 or yeggm51 :o seem to reg>d freight tra9s z complim5t>y transportation ext5d$ to !m z a "r1 & tra9-crews z _! natural enemies4 ,! li/ ( railroad m5 :o h lo/ _! lives because ( ^! ?ugs is n a %ort "o4 ,x is "o ( ! _m records ( railroad h]oism4 ,/ill ! brakeman has a f> easi] "t ( x ?an 8 prototype ( a g5]ation or m back4 ,! air-brake is a big help4 ,:5 a tra9 breaks 9 two or ?ree p>ts on a grade1 ! pull+ out ( ! air-c\pl+s automatically sets ! brakes on e "p1 & if y d n "k :at t means ask "o ( ! old-tim]s4 ,9 ! old days ( ! h&-brakes ! v wor/ ( all freight accid5ts came :5 a section ( a freight tra9 )\t any "o abo>d to set its brakes1 broke loose & came cra%+ d[n a hill into "s helpless tra94 ,ask ! old-tim] ab\t ! h&-c\pl+s & ! t]rific record ( maim$ arms & bodies t !y left4 ,! mod]n automatic c\pl+s h be5 wor? f> m ?an _! co/ to ! railroads4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t & advancem5t ! brakeman leaves ! freight & ent]s ! pass5g] s]vice4 ,n[ he is call$ a tra9man & is attir$ 9 a natty uni=m4 ,he has to %ave1 to keep 8 h&s clean1 we> gloves p]haps1 & be a little m ( a ,*e/]field4 ,he mu/ ann\nce ! /ations 9 fairly intelligible tones1 & be prep>$ to answ] pleasantly & accurately ! ?\s& & "o fooli% que/ions put to him by pass5g]s4 ,z a conductor he w probably beg9 z ,coll9s began1 9 ! freight s]vice4 ,:5 he comes to ! pass5g]-s]vice !re w be /ill m book-keep+ to confront him1 & he w h to be a man ( good m5tal atta9m5ts to h&le all ! _m1 _m v>ieties ( local & ?r\gh tickets1 mileage-books1 passes1 & o!r =ms ( transportation contracts t come to him1 to detect ! good f ! bad1 to ?r[ out ! c\nt]feits t are con/antly be+ (f]$ to him4 ,he w h to c>ry q a money acc\nt = ca% affairs1 & he kn[s t mi/akes w h to be paid out ( 8 own pocket4 ,all ?is is only a phase ( 8 bus9ess4 ,he is responsible = ! c>e & safe conduct ( 8 tra91 equally responsible 9 ?is la/ respect ) ! eng9e]4 ,he also receives & signs = ! tra9 ord]s1 & he is requir$ to keep 9 m9d e detail ( ! tra9's progress ov] ! l9e4 ,he w h 8 own assortm5t ( que/ions to answ] at e /age ( ! j\rney1 & he w be expect$ to ma9ta9 ! discipl9e ( ! railroad ^u its tra9s4 ,t may mean 9 "o in/ance ! ejectm5t ( a pass5g] :o refuses to pay 8 f>e1 & /ill he mu/ n involve ! road 9 any big damage suit2 or 9 ano!r1 ! subjugation ( "s gang ( drunk5 loaf]s4 ,! real wond] ( x is t s _m conductors come z ne> z !y d to ! ,*e/]fieldian /&>ds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! =w>d "p ( ! tra9 are /ill o!r memb]s ( its crew1 "s ( !m possibly :o are n paid by ! railroad1 b :o are indirectly ( its s]vice4 ,among ^! la/ may be class$ ! mail cl]ks1 :o are di/9ctly employees ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 & ! mess5g]s ( ! v>i\s express companies4 ,if ! road is small & ! tra9 unimportant1 ^! work]s may be gr\p$ ) ! baggagem5 9 ! baggage-c>4 ,if ! tra9 is /ill less important ! baggageman may assume "p ( ! functions ( mail cl]k & express mess5g]4 ,if s1 he is apt to h 8 own h&s full4 ,! m]e manual ex]cise ( /ack+ a #fj-;foot baggage-c> f floor to ceil+ ) heavy trunks 7& ! comm]cial travell]s & !atrical folk d c>ry heavy trunks7 is no slight matt]4 ,b t is n all4 ,! trunk put (f at ! wrong place or ! trunk t is n put (f at all is apt to make ! railroad an enemy = life & ! baggageman is ano!r "o ( ! _m 9 ! s]vice :o are p]mitt$ to make no mi/akes4 ,:5 he has ,unit$ ,/ates mail-sacks & a /ack ( express packages to h&le1 8 tr\bles only multiply4 ,8 book-keep+ increases prodigi\sly1 & 8 temp] und]goes a %>p] /ra94 ,give him all ^!1 !n a c\ple ( fight+ ,bo/on t]ri]s1 :i* mu/1 because ( "o ( ! _m m9or regulations ( railroad pass5g] traffic1 ride 9 ! baggage-c>--a cold & draughty c>--& y w no long] wond] :y ! baggageman has a /reak ( ill-temp] at times4 ,8 (fice is c]ta9ly no s9ecure1 nei!r is he 9 ! direct pa? ( advancem5t l 8 co-work]s1 ! fireman & ! brakeman4 ,^! tra9-work]s :o are s little se5 by ! travell+ public--baggagem51 mail cl]ks & express mess5g]s alike1 ride 9 ! mo/ haz>d\s "p ( ! equipm5t1 ! extreme =w>d c>s ( ! tra94 ,read ! li/ ( tra9 accid5ts1 involv+ loss ( life1 & 9 n9e cases out ( t5 y w f9d t ^! h head$ ! li/ ( kill$ or injur$4 ,!re "w is h>d1 _! h\rs long1 _! pay mode/4 ,!y =m a sil5t brigade ( ! indu/rial army t is always close to ! fir+ l9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re rema9s 9 ! op]at+ s]vice a great bran* ( ! army t does n scurry up & d[n ! l9e4 ,"s ( ^! m5 are at lonely outpo/s1 =lorn t[]s hidd5 at ! edge ( ! =e/ or set out ^u ! pla91 :]e a desolate man gu>ds a clu/] ( swit* lev]s & h>dly kn[s ( ! out] _w1 save ?r\gh ! click+ ( 8 telegraph key or ! ru% ( ! tra9s pass+ bel[ 8 p]*4 ,he kn[s ea* ( ^!4 ,if 8 is a junction t[] or a po9t :]e two busy l9es ( track int]sect or cross "o ano!r1 x is 8 duty to set ! prop] swit*es & _! gov]n+ signals4 ,x seems a simple en\gh ?+1 & x is4 ,b ev5 ! simple ?+s 9 railroad+ mu/ be execut$ ) extreme c>e4 ,if ! t[]man set ^? swit*es & signals #cai times 9 ! c\rse ( a day1 !y mu/ be set absolutely correct #cai times4 ,!re c be no slurr+ 9 ?is "w4 ,^? m5 9 ! t[]s h _! own records ( brav]y4 ,!y are ! s5t9els ( ! railroad1 & fai?ful s5t9els !y are4 ,! lonely t[]1 l s _m o!r sc5es ( railroad activity1 gives long opportunity = ?\ght & m$itation2 & s x is n s /range1 aft] all1 t "o ( !m has rec5tly giv5 ! c\ntry a mo/ di/+ui%$ essayi/ ^u national railroad conditions4 ,!re are ev5 humbl] positions 9 ! op]at+ s]vice1 ea* ( !m dem&+ a f9e loyalty & a fair measure ( ability4 ,ev5 ! "y boy :o draws a baggage-truck kn[s t ! pa? ( advancem5t />ts at 8 v feet2 & ! humble track-walk] feels t a good "p ( ! railroad safety & ! railroad responsibility re/s ^u 8 broad %\ld]s4 ,8 is also a =lorn task1 z he trudges back & =? ov] a section ( l9e1 hamm] & wr5* 9 h&1 look+ = ! brok5 rail or o!r defect1 slight 9 itself1 b capable ( inf9ite h>m4 ,by day 8 task is dre>y & ardu\s en\gh4 ,by night x is f> m s4 ,) 8 lant]n 9 h& he mu/ patrol ! l9e fai?fully1 ev5 if ! w9d h[l ab\t him & ! sn[ come to block 8 progress4 ,! pass5g]s 9 ! fa/ express tra9s t :irl pa/ him & :o see1 if !y see any?+ at all )\t1 only a blot* ( a t9y sp>k ( light1 d n "k t x is a "p ( _! protection4 ,!re is a deal ( beh9d ! sc5es 9 railroad op]ation4 ,& s x goes4 ,!re are hundr$s ( h&-swit*m5 :o make ! safe pa? = ! tra9 & ^u ea* ( !m hangs responsibility4 ,x is a trite say+ t ea* ( !m kn[s t1 & t ea* lives up to ! full measure ( 8 responsibility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! /ation-ag5t1 ev5 9 ! smalle/ t[ns1 has a less lonely "t4 ,he comes 9 contact ) ! outside _w1 & (ttimes 8 life goes q to ! o!r extreme4 ,a local tra9 may be due )9 ?ree m9utes1 & "h comes ,aunt ,m>y ,cl>k1 delay$ until ! tra9 is already :i/l+ ! /ation /op4 ,aunt ,m>y is deaf & x takes h] "s "t to buy h] ticket & to ask endless que/ions :i* mu/ br+ an endless /r+ ( answ]s4 ,at t v mom5t ! ag5t's telegraph s\nd] beg9s to call him4 ,a message1 ^u :i* ! safety ( ! op]ation ( t tra9 dep5ds1 is be+ p\r$ into 8 e>1 & he _c af=d to miss a s+le click ( t in/rum5t2 ! responsibility w be 8 if any?+ goes wrong 9 its deliv]y4 ,on top ( all ?is "s comm]cial travell] may be clamor+ = ! *eck+ ( 8 trunk4 ,! repres5tative ( ! railroad 9 ! small t[n has to keep 8 wits ab\t him 9 su* times4 ,( c\rse1 if ! t[n is ( consid]able size he may h a /aff ab\t him4 ,9 su* a case1 he may h a baggage-room ) baggageman & baggage-h&l]s in/all$2 he may h assi/ants to m9d ! telegraph in/rum5t & to sell tickets1 o!r assi/ants to look aft] ! freight4 ,he may ev5 atta9 to ! dignity ( a /ation ma/] 9 uni=m or else h su* a dignit>y report+ to him4 ,b 9 ! majority ( railroad /ations ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! /ation-ag5t is ! /aff2 he is lucky if he has a man to spell him 9 8 (f h\rs4 ,he probably is ! ag5t ( ! express company 9 addition1 & probably ! ag5t ( ! telegraph company1 too1 :i*1 by arrangem5t ) ! railroad1 transacts a g5]al comm]cial bus9ess ov] its wires4 ,!re are frequ5t in/ances :5 ! local po/-(fice is situat$ )9 ! depot & ! ag5t proves ! v]satility ( 8 pr(ession by act+ z po/ma/]1 too4 ,he s]ves _m ma/]s1 z y c see1 & n all ( ^! are outside ( ! railroad4 ,he is n only answ]able to ! sup]9t5d5t1 9 almo/ e case he is freight-ag5t1 too1 mak+ out ! bills ( lad+ & figur+ ! complicat$ rate %eet4 ,= ?is "p ( 8 "w he is "u ! control ( ! g5]al freight-ag5t4 ,! g5]al pass5g]-ag5t is also 8 sup]ior (fic]4 ,to him he mu/ acc\nt accurately = 8 ticket sales1 & t is n always a v easy matt]4 ,! "q ( pass5g] rates is a fairly complicat$ "o4 ,/ill1 ! ag5t mu/ n only be able to figure ! rate to ,s\? ,p>is1 ,me41 or to ,o%ko%1 ,wis41 )9 two m9utes1 b he mu/ make out a long & correct ticket )9 t "t1 :ile ! railroad's patron dem&s in=mation ab\t "s bran* l9e connection on ano!r sy/em a ?\s& miles away4 ,! c\ntry /ation-ag5t e>ns e c5t ( 8 humble sal>y4 ,he works long h\rs2 & !n occasionally "o ( ! railroad's travell+ repres5tatives w drop 9 ^u him & casually sugge/ t 9 8 leisure "t he might get out & solicit a little bus9ess = ! company6 ,!re is n mu* loaf+ at ! little yell[ depot 9 ! c\ntry4 ,sometimes a gr\p ( tra9m5 f "s freight await+ ord]s w ga!r !re to swap /ories & ! ke5 wit ( ! railroad4 ,^! are ! exceptions4 ,! mo/ times are ! times ( long1 h>d gr9d1 "w1 "w1 "w l ! m5 out ^u ! tra9s4 ,?is railroad army is truly ! army ( h>d "w4 ,x 0 ga!r$ = labor4 ,yet ! /ation-ag5t lean+ ov] 8 telegraph in/rum5t 9 ! bay ( 8 (fice1 & wat*+ ! ,limit$ scurry by ! little depot1 & see+ ! presid5t's big & gay private c> hit*$ on beh9d1 kn[s t t v executive 9 *>ge ( _m miles ( railroad & ?\s&s ( m51 came f ano!r little c\ntry depot l ?is4 ,! "t may yet come :5 he himself w h a private c> & a deal ( au?ority4 ,!re is a great goal = e man 9 ! railroad s]vice4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,keep+ ,,! ,,l9e ,,op5 ,,! ,,wreck+ ,,tra9 ,,& ,,its ,,supplies--,,floods ,,damm$ ,,by ,,an ,,embankm5t-- ,,"r ,,( ,,way ,,always ,,giv5 ,,to ,,! ,,wreck+-,,tra9--,,exp$iti\s ,,"w ,,9 ,,repair+ ,,! ,,track--,,collapse ,,( ,,! ,,ro( ,,( ,a ,,tunnel--,,telegraph ,,crippl$ ,,by ,,/orms--,,w9t] ,,/orms ,,! ,,sev]e/ ,,te/--,,tra9s ,,9 ,,quick ,,succession ,,help ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,l9e ,,op5 ,,9 ,,sn[/orms--,,! ,,rot>y ,,pl\gh4 ,a cub report] %\ld]$ 8 way into a railroad sup]9t5d5t's (fice4 ,outside1 a late w9t]'s /orm h[l$ ar\nd ! t]m9al2 ! morn+ 0 nipp+ cold1 ! air curta9$ ) myriad sn[-flakes1 a great railroad 0 mak+ a desp]ate fight aga9/ ! mighty =ces ( nature4 ,my city editor wants to "k :at y folks are do+ to get ! l9e op51 dem&$ ! report]4 ,! big sup]9t5d5t swung 9 8 swivel *air & fac$ him4 ,x 0 a place :]e angels might well h fe>$ to tread--a place sur*>g$ ) ! electricity ( fight4 ,! sup]9t5d5t's m9d 0 fill$ ) ! almo/ inf9ite detail ( ! fight1 b he lik$ ! cub report] & greet$ him ) a smile4 ,y c tell y\r city editor1 he repli$ sl[ly1 t x is z mu* z a man's job "h is wor? = him to ?9k t ! l9e is go+ to be op5$4 ,i'd fire him if he z mu* z ?\ght t x 0 ev] clos$4 ,we don't die4 ,we fight4 ,x's a h>d /orm1 sonny1 b we make muscle 9 /orms l ?is4 ,we don't get ! l9e op51 we are keep+ ! l9e op54 ,d'ye see8 ,9 t ! big sup]9t5d5t _h s\nd$ "o ( ! bigge/ pr9ciples ( railroad op]ation4 ,! l9e mu/ be kept op54 ,t sl5d] trail ( two rails1 /ret*+ /raight across ! op5 l& & wri?+ & twi/+ ?r\gh ! high hills1 is a liv+ organism4 ,! railroad is no m]e inanimate organization1 l a /ore1 = in/ance4 ,x is a "r-h& ( ! nation's life2 x is life4 ,! railroad is l a great liv+ ?+1 its _m arms rea*+ long di/ances back into ! l&4 ,y _c cut (f ! liv+ arm & !n br+ x back to puls+ life4 ,j s ! railroad arm _c be sev]$--! l9e mu/ be kept op54 ,/range ?+s may come to pass3 ! "r-(-way may be litt]$ ) ! wreckage ( tra9s1 br\ght toge!r ?r\gh a defect 9 ! physical ma*9e ( ! human2 unexpect$ floods ( traffic may seek to ov]:elm ! outlet2 9 spr+ ! p[] & might ( flood may desc5d ^u x2 w9t]'s /orms may seek to p>alyze x2 /ill1 always ! railroad mu/ be kept op54 ,we c't lie d[n1 ! sup]9t5d5t expla9$ to ! cub report]4 ,we've got to get ! traffic ?r\gh4 ,d y "k :at x w\ld mean if we 7 to foll[ ! pa? ( lea/ resi/ance to-day--to let ?is /orm get ! be/ ( u8 ,let me give y an idea ( j "o ?+4 ,!re's food com+ 9 "h 9 tra9load lots e night--fre% meat1 fre% vegetables1 fre% milk4 ,folks w\ld g hungry if we 7 to say ',we c't1 ?is /orm is a gee-:ilick]4 ,we give up4' ,to keep ! l9e op51 ! railroad af=ds e sort ( protective device2 x tra9s m5 = especial duties4 ,take ! matt] ( wrecks1 = in/ance4 ,! railroad] does n l to ?9k ( wrecks1 b 8 me?ods = remov+ !m mu/ be prompt & ?or\gh3 ! l9e mu/ be kept op54 ,ea* ye> sees equipm5t increas+ 9 size & weight1 & ea* increase br+s additional problems 9 h&l+ wreck$ c>s & eng9es4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago1 ! wreck+-equipm5t ( mo/ ( ! big roads 0 comp>atively simple4 ,x 0 g5]ally built 9 ! railroad's own %ops4 ,to-day #fj-ton c>s & #ajj-ton locomotives require some?+ ( a wreck+ crane or d]rick to lift !m f ! "r-(-way2 & ! wreck+-tra9 is a device ?\ght out & built by speciali/s4 ,^! wreck+-tra9s are ! em]g5cy arms ( railroad op]ation4 ,!y /&1 l ! app>atus ( a city fire dep>tm5t1 at e important t]m9al or division op]at+ plant1 await+ summons to action4 ,y may see ! wreck+-tra9 at e big y>d1 wait+ on a sid+ :i* has quick access to ! ma9-l9e tracks4 ,x consi/s ( f f\r to six c>s--a tool-c> ) all sorts ( wreck+-devices--replac]s1 blocks & tackle1 extra small p>ts ( c>-trucks = em]g5cy repairs1 & ! l4 ,!re are m ( ^! extra p>ts--axles & :eels & f\r-:eel trucks on a flat t is fa/5$ to ! tool-c>2 & if ?is wreck+-tra9 has a c\ple ( miles ( heavy traffic l9e to s]ve1 !re may be ?ree or f\r ( ! flats ) tools & sp>e equipm5t4 ,y _c h too _m ( ^? 9 a big wreck4 ,! wreck+-tra9 is sure to h a crane--a big arm ( /eel1 compress$ to come )9 ! slim cle>ances ( bridges & ( tunnels1 b capable ( rea*+ d[n & tugg+ at a #ajj-ton locomotive ) almo/ no ef=t :atsoev]4 ,& q z important z ! crane is ! cook-c>--g5]ally "s old-"t coa* or sleep] desc5d$ to humble s]vice on ! road4 ,! cook-c> has a r\gh b]? & a kit*52 & y may be mighty sure t !re is a good griddle arti/ ^u x4 ,y _c expect a wreck+-gang to get into a tw5ty-f\r h\r job )\t be+ pretty con/antly provision$ :ile x is at "w4 ,only a little :ile ago1 "o ( ! (fic]s ( an ,ea/]n trunk-l9e railroad & a memb] ( "o ( ! ,/ate railroad commissions 7 com+ t[>d ,new ,york4 ,! trip 0 9 ! nature ( an inspection on ! "p ( ! ,/ate (ficial1 b z a matt] ( com=t & conv5i5ce to ! two m51 x 0 made ^u ! =m]'s private c>4 ,! com=t & conv5i5ce sudd5ly ceas$ :ile ! two 7 /ill ne>ly #cjj miles away f ! seabo>d4 ,! road re/$ !re = _m miles 9 heavy c\ntry2 its rails f\nd _! curv+ way 9 ! crevices betwe5 high hills4 ,x _h ra9$ /eadily = a =tnight2 ! little m\nta9 brooks 7 rag+ mill-races4 ,9 ! l[ flatl&s ( "o deep valley lakes 7 be+ =m$4 ,!re 7 long /ret*es :]e ! f\r rails ( ! d\ble-track$ trunk-l9e railroad lo/ !mselves "u ! glassy surface ( ! wat]s4 ,up & d[n ! valley tra9s 7 /&+ helpless betwe5 ^? lakes1 _! pass5g]s fum+ at ! delay4 ,fa/ freights /ood axle-deep 9 wat]2 _! title1 = t mom5t1 0 an occasion = joy\s humor4 ,! com=table1 conv5i5t trip ( ! railroad op]at+ man & ! railroad commission] 0 at an end4 ,an embankm5t t ! railroad _h built = a bran* d[n ! valley 0 block+ ! wat]s1 & ord]s _h come f ,new ,york to dynamite out t embankm5t4 ,x w\ld co/ ! railroad ne>ly #ej1jjj to de/roy t half-mile ( track b x might save ! valley millions4 ,!re _h be5 no hesitation on ! "p ( ! old man--! road's tri$ executive4 ,t is a phase ( ,am]ican railroad+ n (t5 br\ght to light4 ,ord]s came t ! eng9e haul+ ! special ( ! op]at+ man & ! railroad commission] 0 to be tak5 = a "w-tra9 d[n at t damm+ embankm5t4 ,t's ! way ) railroad+4 ,:5 ! clatt]+ telegraph keys s\nd ! note ( tr\ble1 ev5 t mighty s\l1 ! *airman ( ! bo>d1 may f9d himself laid out at "s j]kwat] junction1 :ile 8 pet eng9e goes into s]vice ) a wreck+-tra94 ,b ! *airman ( ! bo>d1 ^: "t is real money1 (f]s no prote/4 ,he kn[s t to block ! ma9 l9e co/s 8 road #bej a m9ute = ! fir/ #fj m9utes2 t t figure d\bles & trebles 9 ! second h\r2 9 ! ?ird1 8 auditors may *eck (f #a1jjj a m9ute1 at ! lea/1 z ! co/ ( a block$ railroad4 ,no wond] t !y insi/ t x is keep+ ! l9e op54 ,be=e ! eng9e ( t special 0 cut (f to g scurry+ d[n to ! embankm5t :]e ! skill$ workm5 7 mak+ prep>ations to dynamite away a half-mile ( track1 ! op]at+ man lift$ 8 h&4 ,he _h1 l any tra9$ railroad]1 be5 li/5+ to ! clatt]+ telegraph key4 ,!y've come away )\t _! cook--^? wreck]s1 he told ! g5tleman :o regulat$ public utilities4 ,i ?9k ,i'll g d[n ) ! 'eats4' ,!re's an old hotel across f ! railroad track d[n at ! next /ation1 & ! l&lord1 ,uncle ,dan ,hortley1 w fix me up4 ,i'll g ) y1 said ! ,/ate (ficial4 ,i want to get my f+] 9 ! pie4 ,s x came to pass t !y bo? w5t1 ! private c> /opp+ at ! little hotel long en\gh to get 9 an ov]:elm+ supply ( bread & ham4 ,z !y :izz$ ?r\gh ! sc5e ( tr\ble all h&s jo9$ at mak+ s&wi*es4 ,butt] !m on bo? sides1 said ! railroad commission]4 ,!y're bett] ) ! butt] on "o side1 insi/$ ! op]at+ man4 ,! commission] 0 n us$ to back-talk f railroad]s1 no matt] h[ high _! (fice1 & he /uck to 8 po9t4 ,bo? sides1 he insi/$4 ,"o side only1 report$ ! big op]at+ man4 ,! commission has clos$ its he>+ & issues an ord] = bo? sides4 ,! railroad appeals4 ,b ! commission won--x almo/ always does--& ! m5 d[n at ! embankm5t ate _! s&wi*es ) a d\ble ?ickness ( butt]4 ,sometimes a refrig]ator tra9 comes "u ! skill$ h&s ( ! wreck]s1 & ! cook-c> may h m ?an an abundance ( good mat]ial "r at h&4 ,beef1 *ick5s1 milk--all mann] ( edibles h be5 spill$ l wa/e along ! "r-(-way1 & !re h be5 no regrets among ! m5 ( ! wreck+-boss's crew4 ,once1 a spe$+ cook-c> hurry+ to ! relief ( ! labor]s ^u a wreck$ meat-tra9 t _h tri$ to g tang5t to a m\nta9 curve1 br\ght re9=cem5ts 9 ! =m ( ham s&wi*es4 ,! wreck]s 7 pretty hungry1 b x ne$$ all _! hung] to tackle ^? s&wi*es4 ,! meat-tra9 _h be5 fill$ ) ham2 x _h caught fire4 ,someh[1 ?ree or f\r h\rs ( "w haul+ out smok$ hams gave no appetite = s&wi*es ( ! same sort4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on ma9-l9e divisions1 :]e traffic runs exce$+ heavy1 a locomotive /&s1 /eam-up1 ) ! f\r c>s ( ! wreck+-tra94 ,ev5 on side-l9e divisions ! call = ! wreck]s w br+ ! fa/e/ & be/ eng9e out ( ! r\ndh\se1 no matt] :at h] tra9 assignm5t may be4 ,?+s on ! railroad /& aside = ! wreck]4 ,limit$s may paw _! n]v\s heels ^u sid+s :ile %e goes skimm+ up ! l9e--all "t-table rights are h]s f ! mom5t t %e goes into s]vice4 ,a wire f ! seat ( tr\ble br+s h] into s]vice4 ,second ,f\r-twelve 9 dit* at ,grey's ,bridge4 ,brok5 rail4 ,eng9e & two c>s d]ail$4 ,bo? tracks block$4 ,ab\t f\r kill$ & injur$4 ,t wire has itself _h ! "r-(-way4 ,:5 ,w-,k1 ,w-,k1 ,w-,k comes p]si/5tly call+ ov] a railroad wire1 e key closes4 ,w-,k is ! ,c-,q-,d ( railroad+4 ,x is z mu* z any op]ator's job is wor?1 to ignore x4 ,:5 a despat* ( ! sort j cit$ comes into headqu>t]s1 ?+s />t to move4 ,! despat*]1 if he is aft] ! mann] ( mo/ despat*]s1 turns to 8 telephone & calls ! y>dma/] to ord] out ! wreck+-crew4 ,!re is no m excitem5t 9 8 voice ?an if he 7 ord]+ out any ord9>y sort ( special4 ,he r+s (f quickly1 calls up 9 turn ! sup]9t5d5t1 tra9ma/]1 p]haps ! division eng9e]1 ! claim dep>tm5t4 ,if !re is a fatality li/--! wreck "o ( ^? fe>ful ?+s t sometimes %[ !mselves ^u ! front pages ( ! newspap]s--he w get ! hospitals & ! doctors4 ,! li/ ( surgeons :o are alli$ to ! railroad 9 e t[n on ! division hangs above ! despat*]'s desk4 ,he may run a special hospital tra9 ) doctors & nurses & em]g5cy equipm5t4 ,on "o memorable occasion ! hospital tra9 0 on its way out ^u ! ma9 l9e be=e ! wreck _h be5 report$ ov] ! wire4 ,! despat*] saw t ! hospital special _h a cle> track2 he gave a multitude ( directions z to its runn+1 ) ! quick cle> ^w ( a self-possess$ man--!n turn$ & %ot himself dead4 ,he _h miscalculat$3 ! human ma*9e sometimes does4 ,he knew t he _h s5t ! two crack-a-jack tra9s on t s+le-track division1 curl+ its way among ! m\nta9s1 into ea* o!r at full spe$4 ,no ne$ = him to "k exactly :]e !y met4 ,b ev5 if ! wreck is no holocau/2 if x is "o ( ^? m9or sma%es t are b\nd to come n[ & !n on ! be/ ( l9es1 he mu/ keep 8 head4 ,z he caught up 8 telephone to get ord]s to t wreck+-boss out at ! r\ndh\se1 8 assi/ant took in/ant notice ( ! wreck1 fir/ notify+ ! /ations on ei!r side ( ! accid5t to set dang]-signals aga9/ all tra9s4 ,aft] t1 :ile ! despat*] himself 0 busi$ ) details1 ! assi/ant arrang$ to h&le all traffic4 ,if bo? tracks 7 block$1 !re 7 plans to be in/antly made to =w>d ! fa/ ?r\gh tra9s by det\r+ !m ov] o!r l9es ( railroad4 ,! assi/ant despat*]1 wi%+ to "k h[ long he c\ld af=d to hold 8 heavy traffic 7rememb] t ! l9e mu/ always be kept op571 wir$ ! ne>e/ /ation = additional details4 ,mo/ ( all he want$ to "k h[ long ! tracks w\ld be block$4 ,p]haps be=e he got 8 wire ?r\gh !re came a second message f ! wreck1 giv+ m facts ab\t x4 ,by means ( code1 great detail c be giv5 9 a %ort wire2 headqu>t]s gets a cle> und]/&+ ( ! tr\ble4 ,aft] t ! wire *att]s con/antly2 !re are a ?\s& ord]s to be giv51 a ?\s& details to be arrang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,wreck+ ,,tra9 ,,ready ,,to ,,/>t ,,out ,,f ,,! ,,y>d ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,( ,,^! ,,great ,,cranes ,,c ,,grab ,a ,,w\nd$ ,,mogul ,,locomotive ,,& ,,put ,,h] ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,way ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%op-,,m5 ,,=m ,,no ,,mean ,,brigade ,,9 ,,?is ,,indu/rial ,,army ,,( ,,am]ica ,:ile ! fir/ ( ^! wires are beg9n+ to sw+ back & =? ! despat*] w he> ! wreck+-tra91 pull$ by ! neate/ & swifte/ bit ( motive p[] f _! big r\ndh\se1 g scurry+ by d[n ! l9e4 ,! road is cle>$4 ,ev]y?+ /&s aside1 & = weeks aft]1 ! /ove committee 9 e r\ndh\se on ! division w be tell+ h[ %e made ! run4 ,!y don't talk ab\t ! run :5 !y get to ! accid5t4 ,!y pile (f ! tra9 & get to "w quickly4 ,e man is a tra9$ wreck-work]1 z a fireman is tra9$ to 8 peculi> bus9ess4 ,9 su* h\rs z !y are n out on ! road1 ! wreck]s are repair]s ( c>s4 ,x keeps !m busy dur+ ! long seasons :5 ! l9e is lucky & has no wrecks1 & x gives !m ! skill ) :i* to tackle ! difficult problems t confront !m aft] a sma%4 ,by day ^! m5--eight or t5 or twelve ( !m to a crew--"w 9 ! y>d close to ! wait+ wreck+-tra92 by night ! telephone at ! head ( ! b$ ( ea* man w br+ him quickly to ! ne>-by y>d4 ,h[ d y h&le a wreck8 we once ask$ an old-"t wreck+-boss1 a man gr[n gray 9 keep+ 8 l9e op54 ,i don't "k1 0 8 frank response4 ,i've probably h&l$ a ?\s& wrecks--p]haps m--b ,i h yet to see two t 7 ! same4 ,diff]5t cases dem& diff]5t treatm5ts4 ,any surgeon w tell y t2 & y "k1 ?is ) a bit ( a laugh1 we are ! surgeons ( ! /eel highway4 ,we've only "o rule t is absolute1 & t rule is to take c>e ( ! folks :o are hurt 9 ! fir/ place1 & 9 ! second place to get ! l9e op54 ,if x is multiple-track l9e--two or ?ree or f\r tracks 9 op]ation--& ! muss is sprawl$ ov] ! entire "r-(-way we get a ?r\gh track work+ 9 %orte/ int]val4 ,:5 we c wire numb] two op5 or :atev] x is1 ! despat*] d[n at headqu>t]s w cat* ! /ations :]e !re are crossov]s & he'll be h&l+ 8 fir/-class traffic ( all sorts pa/ u :ile we'll /ill be /ock+ ! arm ( ! old bill crane d[n into ! sma%4 ,! arm ( t crane c lift a freight-c>--if !re is en\gh freight-c> left to lift--(f ! rails & into ! dit* 9 almo/ a tw9kl+4 ,two ( ^! great cranes c grab a w\nd$ mogul locomotive & put h] out ( ! way4 ,! wreck+-tra9s on a fir/-class road are kept along ! l9e 9 pr(usion4 ,ea* is suppos$ to cov] a t]ritory ( #ajj miles or s 9 e direction f headqu>t]s1 & a sizable sma% w br+ two or m to "w 9 unison4 ,two wreck+-cranes work+ into ! remnants ( a head-on collision f ea* direction c accompli% m>vels4 ,!y w come toge!r f9ally at ! *ief te/ ( _! /r5g?--! po9t :]e two locomotives h firmly lock$ horns 9 dy+ embrace4 ,t is a po9t t f9ds ! n]ve & ability ( e wreck+-boss4 ,b all ^! wreck+-bosses h n]ve & ability4 ,!y c\ld n hold _! jobs )\t bo?4 ,!y "k :5 equipm5t--c>s t might be made z good z new 9 ! %ops--mu/ be burn$ l driftwood1 & :5 ! burn+ ( a wreck w\ld be crim9al wa/e4 ,t requires judgm5t--judgm5t to det]m9e :e!r x is *eap] to burn ?an to lose valuable "t2 to delay traffic on a ma9-l9e division or to let ! traffic on a less important side-l9e division wait = a little long] "t4 ,judgm5t is "p ( a wreck+-boss's equipm5t4 ,8 sup]9t5d5t kn[s t2 & :5 ! sup] gr[s n]v\s & gets d[n to ! wreck himself1 al?\gh he kn[s t he is rank+ (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! "w he %[s good judgm5t1 on 8 own "p1 9 lett+ ! wreck+-boss give all ord]s4 ,t makes = skill1 x makes = spe$4 ,if ! wreck+-boss is n do+ good "w ! sup]9t5d5t c fire him to-morr[1 or 7:at is f> m usual7 f9d him an easi] b]? some:]e on ! division4 ,!re are times :5 ! "w-tra9 mu/ be summon$1 :5 labor]s by ! doz5 mu/ get to "w to build new track4 ,a wa%-out may require a half-mile ( track to be laid 9 a night1 & ! railroad c d x4 ,a "y man wrote a v able /ory = ,! ,saturday ,ev5+ ,po/ a few mon?s ago1 9 :i* he told h[ an em]g5cy track 0 laid across a highway bridge & a te/ fa/-freight put ?r\gh on s*$ule4 ,t feat 0 b "o ( ! _m ord9>y tasks t come 9 ! lifetime ( e op]at+ man4 ,cle>+ a wreck may be a t$i\s bus9ess4 ,!re is a deep s9k on ! p>ade-gr\nd ( ! ,milit>y ,academy at ,we/ ,po9t t is a monum5t to ! na/ie/ railroad wreck f ! po9t ( view ( "t1 t ! ,ea/]n railroad]s h ev] kn[n4 ,j "u t p>ade-gr\nd ! ,we/ ,%ore ,railroad passes ?r\gh a long tunnel4 ,on an ,octob] night m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago1 ! ,*icago ,/4 ,l\is ,express ( t railroad 0 sl[ly pok+ ?r\gh t bore1 :5 a portion ( ! ro( ( ! tunnel collaps$4 ,x buri$ itself betwe5 ! re> "p ( ! baggage-c> & ! =w>d "p ( ! express-c> & ! tra9 came to an abrupt /op4 ,eng9e] ,william ,morse saw 9 an in/ant ! damage t _h be5 done4 ,he cut loose f t p5n$ baggage-c> & made record spe$ up ! l9e to ,cornwall1 ! ne>e/ /ation4 ,f !re he a s5t a wire po/-ha/e to ! despat*] up at ,k+/on1 !n ! headqu>t]s ( ! l9e4 ,tra9 caught by collapse ( ,we/ ,po9t tunnel1 t despat* read 9 "p4 ,only eng9e] & fireman escap$4 ,!y began to get _! hospital tra9 ready at ,k+/on1 notifi$ ,newburg to get all ! doctors 9 sight & hurry !m on a special to ,we/ ,po9t4 ,! *ief despat*] w5t ?r\gh ! wor/ qu>t] ( an h\r ( 8 life4 ,he began to call ,weehawk51 ! s\!rn t]m9al ( ! l9e4 ,weehawk5 wires 7 all busy1 & he c\ld n cut 9 !re4 ,weehawk5 wires 7 gett+ reports f ,conductor ,sam ,br[n ( ! ,*icago ,/4 ,l\is ,express1 :o _h come runn+ out ( ! tunnel to ! ,we/ ,po9t depot4 ,wire headqu>t]s1 he %\t$ to ! ag5t1 t we've run into an avalan*e4 ,morse & 8 fireman are cru%$ "u ! tunnel ro(4 ,& !y began to get ! wreck]s busy d[n at ,weehawk54 ,:5 ! *ief despat*] up at ,k+/on f9ally got ,weehawk51 !y told him ab\t ,sam ,morse's fate4 ,! tru? ( ! ?+ came to him 9 an in/ant4 ,he laugh$ hy/]ically1 & 8 assi/ant jump$ up4 ,! despat*]'s bad qu>t] ( an h\r 0 ov]4 ,he jump$ to 8 telephone1 caught ! y>dma/] ) x4 ,we won't ne$ t hospital tra91 he said4 ,!re isn't a s\l hurt4 ,& !re 0 n4 ,b !re rema9$ ! wor/ railroad block on record4 ,x 0 ?ree mon?s be=e !y pull$ ! baggage-c> out ( t tunnel1 & !n !y _h to use dynamite4 ,aft] t x 0 f\nd necess>y to l9e ! entire bore ) solid masonry4 ,t 0 an accid5t t might n h be5 s lucky on repetition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,en\gh ( wrecks4 ,!y are n ! only te/ :5 x comes to keep+ ! l9e op54 ,sometimes a crippl$ telegraph s]vice may be q z effective4 ,out on ! ,p5nsylvania l9es we/ ( ,pittsburgh a c\ple ( ye>s ago a sev]e w9d & sleet /orm levell$ m ?an #dj miles ( telegraph poles1 9 mo/ cases dropp+ !m across ma9-l9e tracks 9 ! d>k4 ,a few mon?s lat]--! nev]-to-be-=gott5 inauguration day ( ,presid5t ,taft--a simil> /orm did simil> "w on ! l9es lead+ to ,wa%+ton4 ,?\s&s ( militiam5 & excursioni/s nev] rea*$ ! inauguration at all4 ,9 bo? /orms ! res\rces ( a great railroad 7 well te/$4 ,an old-"t ,erie man rememb]s wire tr\bles ( a diff]5t sort4 ,x 0 9 8 salad days1 :5 he 0 s]v+ z assi/ant sup]9t5d5t ov] ! ,meadville1 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,!y _h b "o telegraph wire = railroad purposes on ! division !n1 & "o night x gr\nd$4 ,keys 7 sil5t1 ! road might z well h _h no wire at all4 ,! assi/ant sup]9t5d5t />t$ t ev5+ ) two l9em5 on a h&-c> to f9d t gr\nd4 ,!y w5t miles f ,meadville1 & e te/ %[$ ! wire work+4 ,f9ally !y came to a des]t$ little depot at a cross-roads & ! railroad] lift+ 8 lant]n high aga9/ ! w9d[ v]ifi$ 8 suspicions3 ! c>eless ag5t _h gone home & left 8 key op54 ,! sup]9t5d5t broke op5 ! w9d[1 climb$ 91 remov$ ! telegraph set1 plac$ x 9 8 ov]coat pocket & clos$ ! circuit4 ,he knew t he w\ld he> f ! ag5t on ! morr[4 ,he did4 ,^w came by t$i\s tra9 mail1 a =mal report on ! road's yell[ /ation]y4 ,/ation at ,a---- burgl>iz$ la/ ev5+1 t =mal report read1 & ag5t's telegraph set1 be/ pants1 & t5 doll>s tak54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! real te/ ( keep+ ! l9e op5 comes :5 w9t] desc5ds ^u ! l&1 :5 ! heavie/ freight traffic ( ! ye> comes1 toge!r ) ^? =ces ( nature t sweep (f ! summ] joys ( railroad+4 ,! mighty battles ( ! we/]n transcont95tals ) ! sn[s ( ! ,rockies h long be5 kn[n1 _! miles ( sn[-%$s mak+ safe crawl+ bores = ?r\gh tra9s "u ! sn[-banks1 & ! avalan*es ( ! m\nta9-sides are z famili> to ! t\ri/ z ! ,great ,salt ,lake or ! wond]s ( ! ,yell[/one4 ,only a few mon?s ago ! newspap]s told ! /ory ( h[ a pass5g] tra91 /all$ at ! entrance ( a ,wa%+ton tunnel1 _h be5 c>ri$ by an avalan*e d[n a great cliff4 ,e railroad]1 ea/ & we/1 kn[s full well ! haz>d ( m\nta9 l9e 9 ! dep?s ( a trea*]\s w9t]4 ,!re is a sn[-belt ext5d+ ar\nd ! s\? edge ( ! ,great ,lakes t annually gives ! ,ea/]n railroad m5 a good opportunity to sympa?ize ) ! ,we/]n]s4 ,long ye>s ago a little railroad rea*+ nor? 9 ?is belt f ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral became disc\rag$ 9 ! all b hopeless task ( keep+ its l9e op54 ,x _h be5 a h>d en\gh battle to f9d ! rails ( its ma9 l9e f ,rome to ,wat]t[n ?r\gh "o blizz>d cr[d+ ^u ! heels ( ano!r4 ,!re _h be5 t5 days :5 ,wat]t[n 0 entirely cut (f f ! _w to ! s\? ( x4 ,b t little railroad ow$ "s obligations to its *ief t[n1 & x kept at its brave ef=ts al?\gh e night ! fre% w9d bl[+ d[n f ! ,canadas across ,lake ,ont>io fill$ ! long miles ( railroad cuts1 & nightly eras$ all trace ( rails4 ,b !re 0 a bran* f ,wat]t[n to ,cape ,v9c5t run at a dead loss ?r\gh\t ! entire w9t]1 & 9 t h>d w9t] ! railroad gave up ! bran*1 & hir$ a liv]yman to take ! mails 9 8 cutt] ov] ! c\ntry drifts4 ,x 0 "o ( ! few in/ances on record ( a railroad giv+ up ! fight4 ,aft] ! railroad _h be5 ab&on$ a =tnight a delegation ( citiz5s f ,cape ,v9c5t drove to ,wat]t[n & !re confront$ ,h4 ,m4 ,britton1 ! g5]al manag] ( ! l9e4 ,!y made _! little spee*es1 & ^? 7 pretty hot little spee*es--hot en\gh to h melt$ away "o good-siz$ drift4 ,:5 are y go+ to c>t t sn[ (f our l9e8 f9ally dem&$ ! spokesman ( ! ,cape ,v9c5t folk4 ,britton look$ at ! delegation coolly1 & light$ a fre% cig>4 ,i'm go+ to let ! man t put x !re1 he said sl[ly1 take x away4 ,& he did4 ,x 0 ?irty-two days be=e a railroad eng9e ent]$ ,cape ,v9c5t f ! "t t ! la/ "o left x4 ,9 rec5t ye>s1 t na/y /ret* ( railroad l9e has kept ! railroad]s /ill busy4 ,)9 ! decade x 0 block$ = six long days1 :ile a =ce ( sn[-fight]s & a batt]y ( pl\ghs =c$ _! way into ! drifts4 ,& :ile ! sup]9t5d5t up at ,wat]t[n grew n]v\s1 !n desp]ate1 !re came ! wor/ bl[ ( all3 ! telegraph wire no long] br\ght news f ! front4 ,aft]w>ds t sup] knew ! reason :y4 ,8 tra9-ma/] 0 at ! front ) pl\ghs & ! hungry1 tir$1 /raggl+ m54 ,! tra9-ma/] 0 n]v\s1 too1 we>i$ expla9+ to 8 boss4 ,he rememb]$ ,dewey at ,manila1 & he cut ! cable6 ,he lo/ sight ( ! out] _w = long h\rs1 = days1 = nights1 until t ,janu>y ev5+ :5 he br\ght 8 batt]$ sn[-fight+ =ce triumphant into ,ri*l& ,junction4 ,:5 a big road ^: rails re/ ?r\gh a sn[ belt f9ds ! w9t] cl\ds black5+1 x puts on its fight+ armor4 ,e man at headqu>t]s /icks by 8 desk4 ,! sup]9t5d5t w get bullet9s f ea* t]m9al & important y>d e h\r1 p]haps (t5]4 ,^? bullet9s w give him exact in=mation--! am\nt ( motive-p[] ready at ea* r\ndh\se1 freight conge/ion1 if any1 am\nt & direction ( w9d1 cl\d & sn[ conditions4 ,9 o!r days ! signal = an oncom+ /orm 0 foll[$ by quick ord]s f headqu>t]s to pull (f ! sn[-freights4 ,traffic 0 quickly cut d[n to pass5g] & p]i%able-freight tra9s1 &1 if ! blizz>d grew bad en\gh1 ! p]i%able-freights 7 run 9 ^u ! sid+s4 ,! railroad conc5trat$ its motive-p[] ^u ! pass5g] tra9s & ! pl\ghs4 ,n[adays !y d x bett]4 ,n t ! old fell[s ( ! la/ g5]ation 7 any?+ less ?an prize railroad]s1 = rememb] !y did n h ! locomotives 9 ^? days t ev5 side-l9e divisions possess 9 ^!4 ,s to-day ! sup]9t5d5t c gr[l at ! fir/ ( 8 m5 :o ev5 h9ts t a s*$ul$ tra9 ( any class be s5t ^u a sid+4 ,we keep ! traffic mov+1 said "o ( ! bigge/ ! o!r day4 ,we keep ! l9e op54 ,a tra9 e ?irty m9utes ov] our rails w d m t[>d keep+ !m usable ?an a rot>y go+ ov] !m aft] a night's inaction4 ,s :5 %e beg9s to blizz1 we j fall back on our r\ndh\ses1 t's all4 ,we cut our local freights d[n to #aejj tons1 !n to #abjj1 #ijj1 #fjj1 r ?an s5d !m into %elt]4 ,we tackle our ?r\gh freights 9 a l proportion & :ile we are cutt+ (f c>s1 we are add+ p[]4 ,ev]y?+ t goes out ( ?is y>d w be d\ble-head$ z long z !re is dang] 9 ! air4 ,!re w be two eng9es to a pass5g]-tra9 & ahead ( ea* a rot>y1 ) two or ?ree locomotives to pu% h]4 ,y see ! value ( res]ve motive-p[]1 don't y8 ,:y we h half-a-doz5 extra eng9es try+ to ga!r ru/ ov] !re 9 ! r\ndh\se4 ,!y're wor? _! weight 9 gold 9 a p9* ( ?is sort1 ?\gh :5 !y're done ) a week ( sn[ fight+1 !y're fit c&idates = ! %ops4 ,a rot>y pl\gh has no p[]s ( self-propulsion1 b ! mighty eng9e )9 h] he>t1 driv+ ! %aft ( h] great cutt+-:eel has ! p[] ( ?ree locomotives4 ,t cutt+-:eel approximates ! wid? ( a s+le-track 9 diamet]4 ,x w bore into a solidly pack$ drift1 twelve or sixte5 feet 9 height1 suck 9 a great volume ( sn[1 & !n ?r[ x--z a fire eng9e ?r[s wat]--?r\gh a nozzle #fj to #ajj feet to ! "r or left ( ! l9e4 ,! nozzle is close to ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 & ! /ream t x ?r[s w bury a small b>n4 ,! man :o sits 9 ! look\t ( ! rot>y controls ! nozzle1 *anges x f side to side s z to avoid build+s4 ,^! rot>ies are giants4 ,:]e ! great flange or w+ pl\ghs--! ord9>y sn[-fight+ artill]y ( a railroad--fail1 !y come into s]vice4 ,!irs is ev] a mighty task to p]=m4 ,we h se5 a rot>y sp5d sixty m9utes 9 go+ sixty feet ?r\gh a heavy drift1 a drift ?ree miles long & tw5ty deep4 ,sn[ c drift1 & wet sn[ c pack1 pack until y almo/ beg9 to ?9k ( dynamite z a res\rce4 ,?ree days ( su* sn[-fight+ w\ld completely we>y ! ord9>y man4 ,up 9 ! sn[-belts1 !y are likely to get a h>d /orm e week f ,decemb] to ,m>*1 & t atop ( ! heavie/ traffic ( ! ye>4 ,x is ! sort ( fight+ t m>ks ! f9e-gra9$ timb] ( a man2 t s5ds him d[n to headqu>t]s 9 "s metropolitan city along ! seabo>d1 to fight ! weighti] battles ( traffic & ( op]ation1 :i* are un5d+ )9 & betwe5 ! mighty railroads ( ,am]ica4 ,sometimes ! battle to keep ! l9e op5 is f\ght close to a busy t]m9al4 ,"h1 be=e y1 once aga91 is ! division sup]9t5d5t ( "o ( ! great l9es ent]+ ,j]sey ,city4 ,let him tell y ( ! na/y /orm on ,*ri/mas night la/1 a /orm t laid l[ all /reet transportation 9 e city along ! ,nor? ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,he w tell y h[ x 0 ! fir/ ,*ri/mas t he _h sp5t ) 8 family 9 sev5 ye>s2 ! fir/ holiday 9 ?ree4 ,he lives 9 a little suburban city )9 ! #bj-mile radius ( ,new ,york ,city ,hall1 & 9 8 b$room a telegraph s\nd]1 connect$ ) ! division's ma9 wire1 clicks 9 ! e>ly morn+ & late at night4 ,ov] t wire on ,*ri/mas night la/1 ! sup]9t5d5t gave ord]s4 ,!re 0 sn[ 9 ! air at dusk :5 !y f9i%$ _! late aft]noon d9n]2 by eight o'clock he _h ord]$ ! flanges 7pl\ghs7 on all 8 regul> road eng9es4 ,along ! entire l9e ord]s _h gone to keep a %>p look\t = tr\ble4 ,! sup]9t5d5t turn$ into b$ at t5 o'clock1 hop+ = a cle> w9t]'s sky 9 ! morn+4 ,he turn$ into b$ b n into sleep4 ,he _h cut out 8 telegraph wire = ! night b a telephone message f ! ag5t d[n at ! depot 9 ! suburban city made him sit up wide awake4 ,! /orm 0 ga9+4 ,!y 7 beg9n+ to get tr\ble reports d[n at headqu>t]s4 ,! sup]9t5d5t turn$ out ( b$ & began dress+4 ,he cut 9 on ! telegraph wire & began giv+ ord]s4 ,he caught 8 tra9-ma/] at ! neighbor+ t[n & told him to meet him at #die1 ! la/ tra9 into ,j]sey ,city t ev5+4 ,he turn$ f ! telegraph to ! telephone & ord]$ ! local liv]y man to get up to 8 h\se & take him d[n to ! #aa3db4 ,he call$ ! depot ag5t to hold t #aa3db until he arriv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w9t] ,,days ,,:5 ,,! ,,w9d-,,bl[n ,,sn[ ,,=ms ,,m\nta9s ,,^u ,,! ,,tracks ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,despat*] ,,may ,,h ,,come ,,f ,,"s ,,lonely ,,c\ntry ,,/ation ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,is ,,n ,,above ,,gett+ ,,out ,,& ,,boss+ ,,! ,,wreck+-,,gang ,,once ,,9 ,a ,,great ,,:ile ,:5 t sup]9t5d5t came puff+ into 8 (fice 9 ! ,j]sey ,city t]m9al x 0 "o o'clock ( a blizz>dy ,sabba? morn4 ,he dropp$ into a *air beside 8 *ief despat*] & took ! entire situation 9 h&4 ,?+s look$ pretty bad f e po9t ( view4 ,f up 9 ! foo?ills came reports ( disc\rag+ nature1 tra9s 7 los+ "t1 !y 7 hav+ add$ tr\ble e h\r 9 h&l+ swit*es & cross-ov]s4 ,at ! t]m9al ! swit*es 7 a mo/ prolific s\rce ( annoyance4 ,! intricacy ( ! int]lock+ sy/em 0 be+ bo!r$ by ice freez+ ab\t its expos$ work+ p>ts4 ,! sup]9t5d5t 0 p]plex$1 b he did n %[ x4 ,he kept light+ cig>s & ?r[+ !m away half-smok$4 ,& all ! :ile he 0 s5d+ ord]s ov] 8 wire4 ,if a n>r[ /r& ( /eel1 /ret*+ = miles ?r\gh d>kness & ?r\gh /orm c\ld c>ry infecti\s c\rage1 t wire c>ri$ ! sup]9t5d5t's c\rage out to e f> corn] ( 8 division ?r\gh ^? e>ly h\rs4 ,keep at x1 0 ! t5or ( 8 message4 ,keep ev]la/+ly at x4 ,& betwe5 times he 0 plann+ h[ to help !m to keep ev]la/+ly at x4 ,m5 7 summon$ to report ,sunday morn+ at ! %ops--!y might ne$ to make "s quick repairs1 & x is a matt] ( record on t division t a locomotive has be5 torn ap>t1 entirely ov]haul$ & plac$ 9 s]vice aga9 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs--o!rs 7 ord]$ to /& by important swit*es aga9/ breakd[ns 9 ! int]lock+4 ,!re 7 special problems 9 pl5ty to be consid]$1 a new "o aris+ e h\r4 ,"o ( !m w suffice to %[ ! measure ( t sup]9t5d5t's problem t night4 ,up 9 a n>r[ pass betwe5 ov]hang+ hills a mu*-delay$ local1 ) a light road-eng9e1 0 /ill /ruggl+ to get ! ,*ri/mas celebrators home4 ,x 0 a h>d proposition2 & j a block back ( ! suburban tra9 0 *af+ ! midnight express ?r\gh to ,*icago--"o ( ! road's be/ tra9s4 ,! sup]9t5d5t saw 9 an in/ant t 8 ma9 l9e /ood 9 imm95t dang] ( be+ block$4 ,he caught ,middleport1 ! /ation ahead ( ! /ruggl+ local1 & ord]$ x side-track$ !re = a mom5t4 ,i want to get t midnight ) h] big eng9e ahead f !re1 he expla9$ to 8 despat*]4 ,b ! t[]man at ,middleport said t he c\ld n move ! sid+-swit* !re2 x 0 pack$ 9 ) ice & sn[4 ,tell him to get a pick-axe & %ovel & get 9 at x1 said ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,he says t x's #bj bel[ up !re2 !y've swip$ 8 %ovel1 & he hasn't any?+ b a broom1 ! despat*] return$4 ,a broom6 ,tell him a broom's a ,god-s5d4 ,he c sweep ) ! "o end & pick ) ! o!r4 ,eight times t t[]man tri$ !re 9 ! mid/ ( ! /orm to op5 t swit* & eight times he report$ failure4 ,eight times ! sup]9t5d5t kept at him ) 8 k9d p]si/5ce1 & ! n9? "t !y report$ t ! midnight express ) ! be/ type ( motor p[] on ! division 0 ahead ( ! weak eng9e on ! local4 ,& :ile ! sup]9t5d5t /ruggl$ at ! f> end ( a telegraph wire ) t t[]man1 !re 7 a doz5 o!r ,middleports1 ea* ) its own diff]5t & equally difficult problem4 ,ea* requir$ quick1 intellig5t solution4 ,he solv$ ea*4 ,! l9e /ay$ op54 ,! sup]9t5d5t /ay$ at 8 desk4 ,all t ,sunday x sn[$1 & all t ,sunday ! sup]9t5d5t 0 at 8 desk4 ,he did n "k ! passage ( ! h\rs2 ! click+ s\nd] held 8 att5tion rivet$4 ,he work$ all ,sunday night & into ,monday morn+4 ,!re 7 #bjj suburban tra9s to be br\ght into ! t]m9al on ,monday morn+1 & ! commut] is a fussy s\l ab\t 8 tra9 be+ on "t4 ,! sup]9t5d5t knew t1 & he 0 ready4 ,he _h extra m5 at ! swit*es 9 ! t]m9al y>ds1 took p>ticul> pa9s to h sn[ swept f ! plat=ms ( ev5 ! l[lie/ suburban /ation4 ,! tra9s came 9 on "t t ,monday morn+1 all save "o4 ,on t "o tra9 ! regul> fireman _h be5 sn[b\nd at 8 home ^u ! m\nta9side4 ,!y _h to put on a gre5 man to fire ! eng9e--a raw-bon$ lad j (f a freight4 ,he made sl[ "w ( x1 & ! tra9 0 f\rte5 m9utes late4 ,t 0 ! only exception to a clean record1 a record made possible by long h\rs ( "w4 ,!y ought to h be5 pr\d ( t fight1 y say to ! big boss4 ,he gr9s at y\r ignorance4 ,pr\d8 he laughs4 ,!y rais$ hell ) me because we _h #chg laid out f\rte5 m9utes4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,g4 ,p4 ,a4 ,,& ,,8 ,,(fice ,,he ,,has ,,to ,,keep ,,! ,,road ,,adv]tis$--,,mu/ ,,be ,,an ,,aft]-,,d9n] ,,orator1 ,,& ,,_m-,,sid$--,,8 ,,g5iality1 ,,urbanity1 ,,c\rtesy--,,excessive ,,rivalry ,,= ,,pass5g] ,,traffic--,,increas+ ,,luxury ,,9 ,,pullman ,,c>s--,,_m ,,pr9t$ ,,=ms ,,( ,,tickets1 ,,etc4 ,we h already call$ ! division sup]9t5d5t ! ,pr9ce 9 ! realm ( railroad op]ation4 ,b !re is ano!r1 :om we see :5 we leave op]ation & consid] traffic--ano!r :o might also be call$ ,pr9ce--,pr9ce ,*>m+4 ,?is pr9ce ( *>m ( ! railroad is ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t4 ,to a l>ge proportion ( folk he is almo/ ! p]sonification ( ! railroad itself4 ,8 signature1 appe>+ ^u ea* ( ! railroad's tickets & "t-tables1 is multipli$ a million times a ye>4 ,9 8 own self he appe>s _m1 _m times z ! road's m\?piece4 ,8 ev5+ clo!s mu/ always be kept 9 press & mo?-balls1 = 8 oratory is at all times close to ! tap4 ,8 wit is ready1 8 tongue a good argu] = 8 l9e4 ,at d9n]s ( ,*amb]s ( ,comm]ce & ,bo>ds ( ,trade1 8 urbanity is pr(\nd1 8 rem>ks to ! po9t2 & ! road gets ! adv]tis+4 ,= ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t is p] se1 an adv]tis]4 ,!re are two affiliat$ & yet q di/9ctive functions to 8 (fice4 ,! old] function1 ! "o = :i* x 0 really creat$ :5 railroads 7 "y1 is t ( issu+ tickets & sell+ !m4 ,! new] function1 & to-day ! all-important function1 is t ( keep+ ! road be=e ! eyes ( ! travel-mad public--an adv]tis+ function4 ,a few ye>s ago1 a big ,ea/]n road _h to *ange g5]al pass5g] ag5ts because ( ?is v ?+4 ,! man :o _h held ! job 0 9 almo/ e way absolutely effici5t4 ,he _h be5 re>$ 9 ! r\t9e ( 8 (fice2 he knew its va/ details z well z any man might ev] hope to "k !m4 ,b he 0 a detail man1 & !re he /opp$4 ,! road ne$$ m ( a figurehead1 a bett] adv]tis]4 ,! late ,george ,h4 ,daniels 0 9 _m respects ! be/ pass5g] ag5t t ,am]ican railroad+ has ev] kn[n4 ,he 0 ! =]unn] ( ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t ( to-day--a well-kn[n figure 9 ! great ,/ate t 8 railroad s]v$1 be+ int]view$ by report]s--& lady report]s1 too--on e conceivable subject 9 ! public eye2 address+ d9n]s 9 metropolitan ,new ,york1 or 9 suburban ,yonk]s1 or any:]e else 9 ! ,/ate1 ) r>e facility1 yet n[ & !n adroitly br++ 9 ref]5ce to ! f\r-track trail by :i* he 0 employ$4 ,o!r roads took he$ ( ,daniels4 ,! g5]al pass5g] ag5t became less & less a man ( (fice r\t9e & ( ticket detail1 m & m ( a public figure4 ,he call$ ,mayors ( important cities by _! fir/ names2 he kept close to ! puls+ he>t ( ! public press by fri5dly intimacy ) ! report]s2 spoke at two1 ?ree1 f\r d9n]s a week4 ,! ,pr9ce ,*>m+ ( ! railroad is1 inde$1 a developm5t4 ,b beh9d ! smiles ( ?is pr9ce1 beh9d ! phraseology ( words spok5 or writt5 t glorify ! road1 !re is a s]i\s aspect ( 8 life4 ,he mu/ capitalize t spl5did urbanity1 t jocose wit1 into ticket-sales4 ,9 ! beg9n+ he 0 creat$ to sell tickets1 & sell tickets he mu/4 ,on 8 ability to sell tickets1 & n z a popul> public figure1 w he be measur$ by ! bo>d ( directors--t delegation ( grim-fac$ g5tlem51 :o place small m>ket value on ei!r urbanity or jocosity4 ,s1 :ile ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t pres5ts 8 smil+ face to ! outside _w1 he is a man ( sy/em1 no mean executive !re )9 ! inn]4 ,he mu/ organize to sell 8 tickets4 ,!re is an inn] organization ( no small mom5t 9 ! pass5g] (fice ( any sizable railroad4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! area f :i* traffic is to be drawn is divid$ into di/ricts4 ,g5]al ag5ts or assi/ant g5]al pass5g] ag5ts 7! title v>ies widely on ! diff]5t railroads7 are assign$ to ea*4 ,?is traffic area is f> l>g] ?an ! area cov]$ by "o railroad sy/em4 ,x is g5]ally nation-wide1 :ile "s ( ! bigge/ ( our railroads ma9ta9 ticket-(fices 9 ! l>ge cities all ! way ar\nd ! _w4 ,!y are to-day fight+ almo/ z %>ply = ,am]ican traffic 9 ,p>is or 9 ,london z !y fight 9 ,cl>k ,/reet1 ,*icago1 or 9 ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,= x is a fight & an endless fight1 :i* ! ,pr9ce ,*>m+--he ( ! urbane smiles--mu/ wage4 ,despite ! con/ant consolidat+ processes ( our railroads1 !re are few l>ge t]ritories t are ! exclusive field ( any "o road4 ,! mo/ ( !m mu/ fight = _! bus9ess--p>ticul>ly = _! pr(itable long-di/ance bus9ess4 ,! fight divides itself betwe5 ! freight & pass5g] traffic dep>tm5ts4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t mu/ be a _m-sid$ man4 ,f 8 di/rict (fices1 !re scurries =? a corps ( smoo?-tongu$1 quick-witt$ "y m5--! travell+ pass5g] ag5ts4 ,^! "y m5 are skirmi%]s4 ,!y are up & d[n ! /eel highways ( ! nation1 ?irty days out ( ! mon?1 skirmi%+ = bus9ess4 ,ea* c>ries 9 an inn] pocket a wad ( annual passes--su* z might make any /atesman gre5 ) envy4 ,^? passes cov] e /eam l9e 9 ! t]ritory t is assign$ to him & are return c\rtesy = ! neat little c>ds :i* 8 road 9 turn issues to ! traffic solicitors ( o!r roads4 ,9 o!r days ^! skirmi%]s c>ri$ =? bus9ess :i* sometimes approa*$ cut-?roat t5d5cies4 ,! weak] l9es 9 hotly competitive t]ritory--l9es :i*1 runn+ few] high-grade tra9s & runn+ !m at sl[] spe$--:i* 7 naturally at a disadvantage1 s\ght to obta9 at lea/ _! normal %>e ( pass5g] traffic1 by %>p "w4 ,aft] t _! /rong] bre?r5 (t5 %[$ _! religi\s belief 9 fight+ !m by fire4 ,tickets 7 sold at less ?an adv]tis$ rates to c]ta9 favor$ individuals2 sometimes a few passes1 adroitly plac$1 did ! bus9ess4 ,9 ^! days ^? %>p ?+s are =bidd51 & ! "y man1 solicit+ railroad traffic1 :o breaks ! rules ( ! game runs ! risk ( worse ?an fac+ an angry boss1 gett+ dis*>g$2 p]haps he c see ! doors ( a ,f$]al prison op5+ = him4 ,s ! fell[ :o skirmi%es = ! weak road has a h>d "t ( x 9 ^! pip+ days4 ,pass5g] traffic1 l kiss+1 seems to g by favor n[adays2 & h[ h>d ! travell+ pass5g] ag5t works to curry t favor6 ,he drops (f a local at "s way-/ation1 !re is a smile & p]haps a cig> = ! c\ntry-boy :o sells tickets !re1 = ! ,int]/ate folk h n s5t any "o to prison yet = (f]+ ei!r a smile or a cig>4 ,! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 kn[s t ! local ag5t _c1 "u ! rules t gov]n him1 recomm5d r\tes t connect ) & ext5d beyond ! l9e :i* gives him employm5t4 ,/ill1 sometime ! c\ntry ag5t may be approa*$ by a man :o dem&s t a connect+ road be sugge/$ = him1 & ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 c see t man1 )\t ev5 %utt+ 8 eyes4 ,if ! c\ntry ag5t w only rememb] ! nice ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 t ! ,transcont95tal s5t 9 !re a mon? be=e1 & ! good k9d ( cig>s he disp5ses1 ! ,transcont95tal may get a "p ( ! haul on a long gre5 ticket4 ,p]haps ! man w be tak+ 8 wife1 & !re w be two ( ! long gre5 tickets4 ,p]haps !re w be a :ole p>ty to be r\t$ ov] ! ,transcont95tal--! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 c imag9e almo/ any?+ z he sw+s ov]l& 9 ! dre>y locals f way-/ation to way-/ation4 ,sometimes a wire f 8 *ief quickly *anges 8 s*$ule4 ,! ,magnific5t ,knights ( ! ,realm--or "s o!r impressive ord] ( t sort--are to hold _! annual conv5tion at ,o%ko%1 & ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 mu/ hu/le d[n to ,b+t[n to see t ,transcont95tal gets ! haul ( ! delegation t w g to ,o%ko% f ! bu/l+ little community4 ,he scurries into ,b+t[n to locate ! (fic]s ( ! local lodge ( ! ,m4 ,k4 ,o4 ,r4 !re4 ,on ! tra9 !re may be a ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 f "s rival sy/em--!y are all p>tn]s 9 mis]y4 ,! ,transcont95tal man w probably drop (f ! opposite side ( ! tra9 at ,b+t[n f ! cr[d$ depot plat=m--x's an old trick ( ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4--& be te>+ ov] ! pages ( ! ,b+t[n directory be=e t tra9 is out ( t[n aga94 ,once locat$1 ! (fic]s ( t lodge ( ,m4 ,k4 ,o4 ,r4 mu/ be pleasantly in/ruct$ 9 ! advantages ( ,transcont95tal--! spe$ ( its tra9s1 ! safety ( its op]ation1 ! conv5i5ce ( its t]m9als1 ! sc5ic spl5dors along ! way1 ! excell5ce ( its d9+-c> s]vice2 all ^! ?+s are spun ) conv9c+ eloqu5ce by ! travell+ pass5g] ag5t4 ,a few ye>s ago1 two travell+ pass5g] ag5ts1 ^: l9es supplem5t "o ano!r to make a ?r\gh r\te across ! cont95t1 w5t d[n into an ,ea/]n manufactur+ city to l& bus9ess b\nd we/ to a national conv5tion ( "o ( ! bigge/ ( ! frat]nal ord]s4 ,!re 7 o!r pass5g] m5 head+ t[>d t same t]ritory1 & ! two m5 f ! connect+ l9es made an (f5sive & def5sive alliance4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ?is t[n1 !y f\nd t ! *ief (fic]s ( ! local lodge 7 two city detectives & a police ju/ice4 ,all ?ree ( ! city (fic]s %[$ little en?usiasm ab\t ! com+ conv5tion4 ,! pass5g] m5 took (f _! coats--figuratively--& pit*$ 94 ,= ?ree days1 !y ran up an exp5se acc\nt t mu/ h all b p>alyz$ ! auditors ( _! companies1 b !y accompli%$ results4 ,aft] ! fir/ day ( ent]ta9m5t1 ! police ju/ice said t !re w\ld be an ev5 doz5 ( !m = ! ?ree-?\s&-mile run1 :i* 0 go+ "s4 ,mo/ pass5g] m5 w\ld h re/$ cont5t on ^? laurels1 b ?is comb9ation us$ t fir/ day only to :et _! appetites4 ,!y />t$ briskly out on ! second1 a little fagg$1 b /ill 9 fight+ trim1 & by t night ! two detectives unit$ 9 promis+ "o or two fill$ ,pullmans4 ,! ?ird day saw ! two traffic solicitors ne>ly dead1 & ! well-season$ city (ficials j 9 f9e trim4 ,! trim mu/ h be5 f9e1 = t night !y complet$ arrangem5ts = "o ( ! bigge/ special tra9 movem5ts ( t ye>3 two hundr$ & fifty en?usia/ic bre?r5 w5t ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! way across ! cont95t & back z a result ( ! "w ( ^! pass5g] m54 ,once a travell+ pass5g] ag5t w5t ne>ly too f> 9 ?is ent]ta9m5t bus9ess4 ,he got bus9ess1 miles & miles & miles ( x1 b he also got dr9k+ f> too heavily4 ,"o day1 :5 he came into ! g5]al (fices v mu* ! worse = ent]ta9+1 he bump$ into no less a man ?an ! presid5t ( ! road4 ,t presid5t 0 a /rict old s\l4 ,he _h *ur* connections1 & he us$ to lecture 8 ,sunday ,s*ool class on ! evils ( ! liquor habit4 ,he decid$ to make an example ( ?is "y :elp ( a pass5g] ag5t f (f ! road4 ,b j z ! s5t5ce 0 ab\t to be pron\nc$1 ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t int]f]$4 ,he w5t /raight to ! presid5t & ! wra? ( an hone/ man 0 9 8 eye4 ,we don't int5d to h drunk5 m5 work+ "h1 ! presid5t kept say+4 ,x's ! example-- ,if he dr9ks1 said ! ,g4 ,p4 ,a41 x's my fault1 & ,i'm ! man to let g4 ,! presid5t let 8 eyeglasses drop 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,y8 he said4 ,i'm guilty1 said ! ,g4 ,p4 ,a4 ,?is man goes ev]y:]e to get bus9ess = u1 & he gets x4 ,he kneels ) ! prea*]1 he talks high art ) ! ,br[n+ societies1 & he gets drunk ) ! dr9k]s--all 9 ! "n ( ?is railroad sy/em4 ,n[ we propose to kick him out1 /ill 9 ! "n ( ?is railroad sy/em4 ,! presid5t saw ! po9t1 & toge!r !y took hold ( ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 & made him a dec5t1 sob] man4 ,to-day he is "o ( ! mo/ effici5t (fic]s ( t v road1 & he owes x all to t broad-m9d$ ,g4 ,p4 ,a4 ,g5iality1 urbanity1 c\rtesy are ! major "p ( a travell+ pass5g] ag5t's equipm5t1 z !y are "p ( 8 *ief's 9 ^! days1 :5 ! rates h ceas$ to ent] into ! fight = traffic4 ,rates8 ,! rates mu/ be ! same n[adays by all r\tes ( ! same class2 & s ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 mu/ br+ out ! excell5ce ( 8 l9e1 leav+ none beh9d because ( a false s5se ( mode/y4 ,he is sil5t ab\t o!r roads1 save z !y may lead to & f ! sy/em t he repres5ts4 ,y want to g to ,kickapoo4 ,y c\ld g to ,millt[n by ! ,transcont95tal & get f !re to ,kickapoo mo/ easily by ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,s\?we/]n1 b ! travell+ pass5g] ag5t fr[ns 8 fir/ fr[n at ! v sugge/ion4 ,! ,/4 ,l\is ,s\?we/]n is ! wor/ competitor t ,transcont95tal has = pass5g] traffic1 & ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 does n propose to s5d bus9ess ov] its rails4 ,s he ignores y\r sugge/ion4 ,we h our own l9e into ,kickapoo1 he tells y--! old smile return+4 ,y won't h to leave ,transcont95tal4 ,& su* a l9e6 ,x happ5s to be a bran* ( ! wor/ j]kwat] type4 ,to rea* ,kickapoo ov] ,transcont95tal y mu/ g to ,millt[n & *ange f ! com=table ,limit$ to a less com=table tra91 :i* takes y to ,qua%along ,junction4 ,!re y f9d a seat on a local :i* jogs along at tw5ty miles an h\r = ! great] "p ( ! aft]noon until y get into ,mill]'s ,=ks4 ,:5 y rea* ,mill]'s ,=ks y almo/ ab&on hope4 ,= ! ?irty-mile /ret* f t cross-roads ov] into ,kickapoo is a grass-gr[n /ret* ( half-neglect$ track ov] :i* a comb9ation freight & pass5g]-tra9--adequately describ$ on ! "t-c>d z mix$--ambles once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,by ! "t y h f9i%$ t trip y w h arriv$ 9 ,kickapoo )\t leav+ ! rails ( ! ,transcont95tal1 b y w also probably h regi/]$ a v[ nev] to travel on !m aga91 if !y c be avoid$4 ,"r !re is a traffic mi/ake4 ,if ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 _h be5 wise he w\ld h swall[$ 8 hatr$ ( ,/4 ,l\is ,s\?we/]n & recomm5d$ t y use x = t /ret* f ,millt[n to ,kickapoo4 ,he let 8 zeal = 8 road ov]run 8 bus9ess judgm5t4 ,a good _m ( !m d4 ,only ! o!r day a man walk$ into a railroad /ation ( a small city 9 ! ,s\!rn ,ti] ( ,new ,york ,/ate & ann\nc$ t he want$ to hurry ?r\gh to ,b+hamton4 ,we h a tra9 9 five m9utes1 our #ab3ab1 said ! ag5t1 all smiles4 ,! man hesitat$4 ,he want$ to d two or ?ree err&s 9 t small city be=e he w5t on to ,b+hamton1 & s he ask$ ! leav+ "t ( ! next tra94 ,no?+ until #f3ah1 ! ag5t told him4 ,t w be too late = me to get into ,b+hamton1 ! pass5g] said4 ,! ag5t did n reply1 b turn$ 8 att5tion to o!r p]sons :o 7 wait+ at ! ticket-w9d[4 ,b ! man f ,b+hamton 0 /ill p]plex$4 ,an ag5t ( ! news company :o ran ! /& 9 t /ation1 came ov] & help$ him out4 ,! ---- 7m5tion+ a rival & p>allel+ road7 gets a tra9 out ( "h = ,b+hamton at #c3cj1 he expla9$4 ,! pass5g] ?ank$ ! news-ag5t1 = 8 problem _h be5 light5$ & />t$ out = ! o!r /ation4 ,:5 he 0 gone1 ! ticket-sell] summon$ ! newsman & ?reat5$ to h him fir$4 ,b !re is a new ord] ( ?+s com+ to pass ev5 9 ?is hot rivalry = gett+ pass5g] traffic4 ,long ago1 ,c4 ,f4 ,daly1 :o is to-day vice-presid5t 9 *>ge ( traffic = ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es1 0 9 *>ge ( ! city ticket-(fice ( ! ,burl+ton1 9 ,omaha4 ,^? 7 days :5 no loyal traffic-man 0 ev] suppos$ ev5 to brea! ! "n ( a compet+ road4 ,b ,daly held 8 loyalty firm1 & /ill w5t /raight aga9/ t absurd rule4 ,if a woman came into 8 (fice &1 aft] ! way ( "s wom5 travell]s1 f9ally decid$ t %e wi%$ to travel ov] ! rival ,nor?we/]n1 he w\ld n let h] get out ( 8 (fice4 ,he w\ld give h] a com=table seat1 & p]haps a magaz9e or pap] to read1 & s5d "o ( 8 (fice-boys ov] to ! ,nor?we/]n (fice to buy a ticket = h]4 ,sometimes be=e ! (fice-boy c\ld get out ( ! place ! woman w\ld *ange h] m9d 9 favor ( ! ,burl+ton4 ,if %e did n1 ,daly did n worry4 ,he knew t he 0 ( ! new ord] ( railroad]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,come back1 = a f9al mom5t1 to ! travell+ pass5g] ag5t4 ,he may be =giv5 an ov]-zeal = ! l9e :i* employs him1 = t has be5 8 tra9+ f ! beg9n+1 &--:i* is f> m to ! po9t--he is be+ measur$ by ! results t he accompli%es4 ,! road does n pay him a sal>y & pay 8 heavy exp5se acc\nt 7:i* ! auditor g5]ally p]mits to conta9 v>i\s unv\*]$ items = ent]ta9m5t7 )\t expect+ results4 ,if he is a new man 9 ! t]ritory1 he is measur$ aga9/ 8 pr$ecessor4 ,aft]w>ds1 he is measur$ mon? by mon?1 aga9/ ! correspond+ mon? ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,all tickets :i* 7 sold f 8 t]ritory1 & 9 :i* 8 road %>es1 are cr$it$ to 8 influ5ce4 ,x becomes a matt] ( cold calculations & ( doll>s & c5ts4 ,if ?is ,april does n %[ an increase ov] ,april ( la/ ye>1 ! ,t4 ,p4 ,a4 mu/ make a mighty good explanation to 8 *ief4 ,x w h to be fam9e or pe/il5ce or some?+ ne>ly z bad to ju/ify ! slump 9 ticket sales4 ,an ins9uation on 8 "p t a r$uction ( ! s]vice ( 8 road 0 responsible = ! slump w\ld nev] be accept$ at headqu>t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,railroad ,,is ,,build+ ,a ,,new ,,gr& ,,c5tral ,,/ation ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,city1 ,,= ,,itself ,,& ,,its ,,t5ant1 ,,! ,,new ,,york1 ,,new ,,hav5 ,,h>t=d ,,railroad ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,conc\rse ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,gr& ,,c5tral ,,/ation1 ,,new ,,york1 ,,w ,,be ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,l>ge/ ,,rooms ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,illu/ration3 ,,s\? ,,/ation1 ,,bo/on1 ,,is ,,! ,,busie/ ,,railroad ,,t]m9al ,,9 ,,! ,,_w ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,tra9-,,%$ ,,& ,,approa* ,,tracks ,,( ,,broad ,,/reet ,,/ation1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,/ill ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,f9e/ ,,( ,,am]ican ,,railroad ,,pass5g] ,,t]m9als ,s1 all 9 all1 ! life ( ! travell+ pass5g] ag5t is no s9ecure4 ,x is easie/ :5 he is 9 ! home t]ritory ( 8 road1 r pleasant :5 t road is non-competitive4 ,b :5 he is out 9 =eign t]ritory1 fight+ = a road :i* is h>dly m ?an a "n to ! folk ) :om he comes 9 contact1 8 difficulties increase2 :51 if 8 road is "o ( ! weak] fry1 its tra9s sl[] & less frequ5t ?an "s ( ! o!r trunk-l9es1 8 difficulties increase4 ,! diff]5tial-f>es by :i* ! sl[] compet+ roads are p]mitt$ by _! /rong] bre?r5 to *>ge a r$uc$ rate betwe5 important di/ant traffic po9ts 7 adopt$ to help to equalize ?is difficulty4 ,b ! diff]5tials d n c\nt1 nei!r d ! diff]5tial l9es n[ get _! %>e ( ! ?r\gh bus9ess4 ,la/ ye> fifty p] c5t ( ! pass5g]s betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago w5t on ! eighte5-h\r tra91 ev5 ?\gh ! regul> full f>e ( #bj 9 ea* direction is increas$ by an excess f>e ( #aj1 aside f ! ,pullman rates4 ,tw5ty-five p] c5t m travell$ on ! limit$ tra9s1 :i* makes an excess ( #e1 9 addition to ,pullman rates1 9 ea* direction4 ,x beg9s to look z if ! ,am]ican public 7 will+ to pay = add$ com=t & conv5i5ce4 ,pullman op]ation has d\bl$ )9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,pullman *air-c>s are op]at$ to-day on hundr$s ( miles ( bran* l9e railroads t w\ld n h dream$ ( su* a luxury a decade ago4 ,9 fact1 we are mov+ t[>d fir/-class & second-class pass5g] s]vice by leaps & b\nds4 ,less ?an tw5ty ye>s ago ! ,new ,york ,c5tral e/abli%$ its ,empire ,/ate ,express betwe5 ,new ,york & ,buffalo1 &1 by means ( ! almo/ m>vell\s res\rces ( its adv]tis+ dep>tm5t1 made x ! mo/ fam\s tra9 9 ! _w4 ,save = a s+le p>lor c> or two1 x has always be5 a day-coa* tra91 no excess f>e be+ *>g$4 ,yet = _m ye>s 79 rec5t ye>s its runn+-"t has be5 slightly l5g!n$7 x 0 ! fa/e/ regul> long-di/ance tra9 9 ! _w4 ,/ill1 9 ! judgm5t ( railroad]s to-day1 ano!r ,empire ,/ate w\ld be a mi/ake1 ev5 ?\gh ! orig9al is1 day 9 & day out probably "o ( ! mo/ popul> & pr(itable express tra9s 9 ! _w4 ,b ! judgm5t is diff]5t3 ! ,lehigh ,valley1 runn+ ! compet+ ,black ,diamond1 betwe5 ,new ,york & ,buffalo1 has already f\nd x advisable to make its equipm5t all ,pullman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j z ! travell+ pass5g] ag5t =ms ! /ock f :i* _m ( ! g5]al pass5g] ag5ts are f9ally =m$1 s does ! c\ntry ag5t aspire to ! day :5 he w be giv5 t]ritory & s5t out ) 8 gripsack1 to sell transportation ^u ! road4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh1 z 9 ,daly's case1 ! road to traffic titles comes by way ( ! city ticket-(fices4 ,^! =m an important function ( ! railroad's pass5g] dep>tm5t4 ,!y are regulat$ c>efully1 ?r\gh an int]-railroad h>mony1 z express$ 9 ! great national pass5g] associations4 ,we h already se5 h[ !y sell mileage-books & scrip on _! own acc\nt4 ,= in/ance1 a sort ( tacit agreem5t specifies h[ _m ticket-(fices a railroad may ma9ta9 9 a giv5 city4 ,o!rwise1 ! bigge/ & ri*e/ road might completely ov]%ad[ its weak] neighbor 9 ! numb] z well z 9 ! magnific5ce ( its ag5cies4 ,s an unwritt5 agreem5t1 :i* is z /rict 9 its way z ! law on cutt+ rates1 /ates t ?is city may h s _m (fices = any road1 & t s _m4 ,x has become an exact rule4 ,! city ticket-(fices1 situat$ at advantage\s corn]s 9 ! v>i\s busy c5tres ( metropolitan t[ns1 & t[ns hav+ metropolitan ambitions1 save ! av]age man a long trip1 p]haps1 to ! /ation4 ,!y w sell tickets1 *eck baggage1 answ] innum]able que/ions4 ,answ]+ que/ions rema9s "o ( ! big functions ( ! pass5g]-man4 ,only rec5tly1 a sign 0 hung 9 a city ticket-(fice ( "o ( ! l>ge railroads 9 ,new ,york1 :i* read3 ,rememb] t we are ,"h to ,sell ,tickets z well z ,give ,in=mation4 ,t sign 0 a mi/ake4 ,x 0 an affront to e p]son :o ent]$ t ticket-(fice1 & rememb] t e p]son :o ent]s a ticket-(fice is at lea/ a pot5tial pass5g] = ! railroad t op]ates x4 ,x is only *>itable to believe t ! ag5t meant to say3 ,rememb] t we are "h to give in=mation z well z to sell tickets1 = ! giv+ ( in=mation is a function ( a pass5g] ticket (fice4 ,s important has ?is function become1 t ! railroads h e/abli%$ desks 9 ! l>ge/ ( ^! city (fices at :i* no tickets are sold1 b :]e que/ions are answ]$ & railroad1 /eam%ip1 & hotel fold]s giv5 out4 ,public ,s]vice /ations1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral has begun to call its city ticket-(fices &1 fur!r+ ?is idea ( c\rtesy & affability1 its g5]al pass5g] ag5t has op5$ a s*ool = ! tra9+ ( its ag5ts4 ,!y are taught to answ] que/ions quickly & accurately1 & to be1 above all ?+s1 c\rte\s to ! p]sons :o come be=e !m & ! pot5tial travell]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j a f9al look be=e we leave ?is pass5g] dep>tm5t1 at its equipm5t4 ,its complications are l>ge4 ,take ?is matt] ( tickets1 = in/ance4 ,:ile ! f9ancial dep>tm5t ( ! road w receive ! money t comes 9 = _! sales1 & ! audit+ dep>tm5t takes good c>e z to ! accuracy ( ! ag5t's returns1 ! pass5g] dep>tm5t has *>ge ( pr9t+ & issu+ ! contract slips by :i* x agrees to convey its pass5g]s4 ,!re is a multiplicity ( =ms ( ^!1 ea* be>+ ! signature ( ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t4 ,on small] roads1 ! numb] ( =ms ( local tickets is greatly r$uc$ by writ+ or /amp+ ! "n ( ! de/9ation on tickets4 ,on a s+le bran* l9e1 ) #be /ations1 j #fjj diff]5t /yles ( pr9t$ railroad tickets w\ld be requir$ o!rwise2 y c imag9e ! numb] ( /yles requir$ = an av]age sy/em ( #a1jjj /ations4 ,=tunately1 = ! pass5g] dep>tm5t1 ! use ( simplifi$ =ms ( tickets1 :]e adroit cutt+ & te>+ makes possible ! use ( a s+le ticket =m = an entire division1 has r$uc$ ! big ticket-pr9t+ bills4 ,only rec5tly1 a ma*9e1 on ! ord] ( a ca% regi/]1 has be5 inv5t$1 f :i* a ticket1 accurately /amp$ & dat$1 ) ! de/9ation indelibly pr9t$1 c be deliv]$ z dem&$4 ,/ill1 ) all ^! simplifi$ =ms ( tickets1 a big road w h>dly c>ry less ?an #e1jjj /&>d =ms4 ,!n !re w be any:]e f a doz5 to tw5ty special =ms a week t w h to be pr9t$--= excursions1 conv5tions1 & special tra9 movem5ts ( e sort4 ,! ticket-pr9t+ bill ( a big road w easily exce$ #dj1jjj a ye>4 ,its fold]s w co/ n less ?an #ej1jjj1 :ile ! twelvemon?s' bill = newspap] adv]tis+ w m ?an exce$ ! comb9$ figure ( ^! two4 ,all ^! details come "u ! jurisdiction ( t urbane g5]al pass5g] ag5t4 ,he sup]vises1 9 ano!r dep>tm5t1 ! mak+ & ! readju/m5t ( rates--?is la/ a seem+ly endless task4 ,to make up rate-%eets1 ei!r 9 ! freight or 9 ! pass5g] dep>tm5t1 requires exp]t "w4 ,! f>e betwe5 ! same po9ts on competitive railroads mu/1 9 ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s1 rema9 equal4 ,to cite an int]e/+ in/ance3 ,! ,a---- railroad long ago e/abli%$ #f4jj z its pass5g] *>ge f ,n---- to ,s----4 ,! ,b---- railroad1 al?\gh *>g+ a high] rate p] mile ov] its l9e1 is oblig$ to meet ?is rate ( #f4jj 9 ord] to secure bus9ess f ,n---- to ,s----1 ev5 ?\gh t makes _m p]plex+ problems 9 its local rates4 ,! ,b----railroad mileage f ,n---- to ,s----1 up its ma9 l9e1 is #bhh miles--practically ! same z t ( its competitor4 ,= ! #adf-mile ride to ,g----1 ! fir/ l>ge way-/ation1 x *>ges #d4ej1 = ! #bjh-mile ride to ,m----1 ! next1 #e4jj4 ,if a man 7 to g ov] its l9e to ,s---- & /op (f at ,g---- & ,m---- 8 f>e f ,n---- to ,s----w\ld be #h4hj4 ,t is a typical case1 & "o t is repeat$ 9 e corn] ( ! c\ntry4 ,:]e a road comes into competitive t]ritory its rates mu/ adju/ !mselves to ^? ( its l[e/-pric$ rival1 o!rwise x c\ld h>dly hope = a fair %>e ( ! bus9ess4 ,s ! rates mu/ %ade "h & !re2 ! rate-cl]k mu/ take good c>e to see t :]ev] x is 9 any way possible1 no comb9ation ( tickets c be =m$ t w sell at less rate ?an a ?r\gh ticket4 ,:5 ! rate-%eet is complet$ & copies ( x =w>d$ to ! railroad commission1 x is1 inde$1 a s5sitive organization4 ,b no soon] w ! cumb]some rate-%eet be complet$1 be=e "s little road (f 9 a di/ant corn] ( ! c\ntry w s5d a pr9t$ ann\ncem5t ( "s slight *ange 9 its pass5g] *>ges4 ,9 an in/ant1 ! :ole mighty fabric ( ! rate-%eet mu/ be torn ap>t & recon/ruct$4 ,if ! ,/4 ,l\is ,s\?we/]n1 by reason ( a s+le *ange 9 ! rates ( ! little ,blissville1 ,bulget[n & ,beyond 7) :i* x connects7 is enabl$ to *>ge a few c5ts less ?an ! rival ,transcont95tal1 its rate-%eet mu/ be torn asund] & a new "o adopt$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beyond ! long desks :]e ! rate-cl]ks keep at _! t$i\s jobs ( con/ant readju/m5t ( local & ?r\gh rates1 ! pass5g] dep>tm5t has locat$ its ticket r$emption bureau4 ,x ann\nces publicly its will+ness to r$eem unus$ portions ( its tickets1 & ! "w ( figur+ out ! am\nt due on a ticket1 sometimes half or ?ree-qu>t]s us$1 requires a rate-cl]k ( ability & pati5ce4 ,! r$emption cl]k holds a ticket up to ! light = y\r inspection4 ,!y tri$ to put ?is ov] on me1 he says z he %[s a local ticket :i* _h be5 s5t to him = r$emption at full value4 ,! pa/ebo>d is fill$ ) small burn$ holes4 ,! breezy "y man :o =w>d$ ?is exhibit to me claim$ t he _h us$ no portion ( ?is ticket & !n apologiz$ to me = its condition4 ,8 small boy1 he said1 _h burn$ x ) ,f\r?-(-,july punk4 ,punk8 ,t 0 punk4 ,! small boy did n d a ?or\gh job4 ,e hole burn$ !re 0 burn$ to hide a conductor's pun*m>k4 ,y c see ! edges ( ?ree ( !m2 & ^? ?ree pun* m>ks %[ t ! ticket issu$ f ,b---- to ,t---- 0 us$ #cjj miles f ,b---- to ,a---- & n us$ f ,a---- to ,t----4 ,:5 t "y man ?reat5$ u ) tr\ble on t ticket deal1 we ?reat5$ him ) arre/4 ,aft] t he %ut up4 ,s does ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t come 9 con/ant contact ) ! great ,am]ican public4 ,8 outside mail is probably ! l>ge/ at headqu>t]s1 & x conta9s lett]s ( e sort1 ask+ innum]able que/ions1 prais+ & damn+ 8 road ) equal int]e/ & =ce4 ,"o lett] w comm5d a c\rte\s conductor1 ! next w f9d "s fault ) ! d9+-c> s]vice4 ,x is n s v long ago t a big ,ea/]n railroad s5t out a g5]al ord] t ! raw oy/]s on its d9+-c>s %\ld be s]v$ affix$ to _! %ells1 because a woman f ,si\x ,city _h writt5 a positive ass]tion t ! %ells 7 be+ us$ ov] & ov] aga9 = cann$ oy/]s4 ,"s ( ! railroads h already begun to sy/ematize ?is :ole matt] ( compla9ts4 ,"o ,new ,york ,city l9e :i* sells a l>ge am\nt ( transportation 9 small packages e day 7two million pass5g]s is its av]age 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs7 has a ,h>v>d man at high sal>y j to receive ^? lett]s & give diplomatic answ] to ea* ( !m4 ,ea* compla9t is fir/ ackn[l$g$ & !n inve/igat$2 ! p]son :o made ! compla9t is notifi$ ( ! f9al action tak54 ,if a matt] ( f>e is involv$ 7! complicat$ transf] sy/ems ( ,new ,york make su* que/ions frequ5t71 & ! company is wrong1 x *e]fully ackn[l$ges its fault & =w>ds c> tickets z reimbursem5t4 ,_m times :5 a conductor or a motorman has =gott5 8 mann]s1 he is s5t to make a p]sonal apology to ! aggriev$ pass5g]1 z a price ( hold+ 8 position4 ,t /reet railway company has won _m fri5ds out ( p]sons :o _h compla9$ to x1 because ( ?is me?od4 ,b "h is ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t ( a big /eam road1 :o holds a consid]ably diff]5t view ( ?is v matt]4 ,we nev] get 9 writ+ on "o ( ^! compla9ts1 he says4 ,we s5d a man e "t to make ! matt] "r1 & ! man mu/ be a diplomat4 ,he mu/ und]/& human nature1 & s well does he und]/& x1 t he makes ! matt] "r 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$--turns an enemy into a fri5d1 a liability into an asset1 makes a firm patron = our road4 ,liabilities into assets6 ,t !n is ! "w ( ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t & 8 rem>kable dep>tm5t4 ,liabilities into assets6 ,9 ^! days ( cold judgm5ts ^u ! managem5ts ( ! big railroad prop]ties1 su* a man is wor? 8 weight 9 gold to a big sy/em4 ,he measures 8 wor? 9 ! assets t he br+s to x4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,luxury ,,( ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,,travel ,,special ,,tra9s ,,provid$--,,private ,,c>s--,,specials ,,= ,,actors1 ,,actresses1 ,,& ,,musicians--,,crude ,,coa*es ,,on ,,e>ly ,,railroads--,,luxuri\s ,,old-,,"t ,,sleep+-,,c>s--,,pullman',s ,,sleep]s ,,made ,,at ,,fir/ ,,f ,,old ,,coa*es--,,8 ,,pione]--,,! ,,fir/ ,,d9+-,,c>s--,,! ,,pres5t-,,day ,,d9+-,,c>s--,,d9n]s1 ,,table ,d' ,h,,te ,,& ,a ,,la ,,c>te--,,caf-,,c>s--,,buffet-,,c>s--,,c >e ,,= ,,! ,,com=t ,,( ,,wom54 ,if a man /ops y 9 ,nassau ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 9 ! late aft]noon1 & y miss y\r favorite eighte5-h\r tra92 if x is imp]ative t y be 9 ,*icago ! next morn+ at t5 o'clock1 & 7?is a mo/ important if7 if y are will+ to sp5d y\r money pretty freely1 ! railroad w accompli% x = y4 ,if y are well kn[n1 & y\r cr$it accompli%$ ) ! railroad folks1 x is highly probable t y w f9d y\r special1 ready to accompli% an ov]-night run ( ne>ly #a1jjj miles1 /&+ wait+ 9 ! tra9-%$ :5 y hurry to ! /ation4 ,ev5 if y\r cr$it is n s e/abli%$1 ! sight ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s 9 gre5backs w accompli% ! trick = y4 ,! tra9 w be ready 9 any ev5t almo/ z soon z y4 ,if y are plann+ a novel out+1 y may r+ = a railroad repres5tative & he w br+ to y\r h\se or to y\r (fice tickets on any tra9 & to any "p ( ! _w1 or he w be prep>$ to arrange a special tra9 = a night's run or = a ?ree mon?s' sw+ ar\nd ! c\ntry4 ,y\r tra9 may be ( any l5g? y desire & are will+ to pay =4 ,y c hire a c> & x w be h&l$ ei!r z regul> express tra9s or ) special eng9es4 ,y pay ! bills & y h y\r *oice4 ,a run 9 a private c> is ! acme ( luxury to ! av]age man4 ,^! are us$ = a v>iety ( purposes 9 ^! com=t-lov+ days1 & ! sight ( "o or m ( !m atta*$ to ! re> ( a heavy tra9 has ceas$ to excite comm5t4 ,! av]age luxury-lov+ millionaire has "o--possibly two--( ^! exp5sive toys atta*$ to an ent\rage t embraces ocean-go+ ya*ts1 complete /ables1 & doz5s ( motor-c>s ( e description4 ,if he c claim "s sort ( responsible connection ) a l>ge railroad sy/em1 he is likely to h 8 c> haul$ free f "o ocean to ! o!r2 & ! millionaire likes ^! little p]quisites4 ,he is n s f> remov$1 aft] all1 f ! man :o huddles 9 ! corn] ( ! smok+-c> & secretly hopes & prays t ! conductor w =get to collect 8 ticket4 ,to appreciate ! numb] & v>iety ( ^! c>s take a look at ! pass5g] sid+s at any ( ! l>ge ,florida bea* hotels 9 midw9t]4 ,bett] /ill1 run d[n to ,pr9ceton or up to ,new ,hav5 at any l>ge football game4 ,y w see p>k$ !re at su* a "t f sixty to "o hundr$ ( ^! palatial c>s1 "s ( !m private prop]ty1 o!rs *>t]$ = ! occasion4 ,ev5 9 ! middle ( ! night ?is bran* ( luxuri\s railroad traffic is /ill at y\r disposal4 ,an em]g5cy call summons y out ( t[n = a di/ance1 & ! night tra9 s*$ules d n meet y\r ne$s4 ,! night tra9-ma/] w meet y\r ne$s4 ,he w act z ! ag5t ( ! railroad & arrange1 :ile y hold ! telephone receiv] 9 y\r f+]s1 ! entire s*$ule = y4 ,tra9s w be held1 connections made2 ! telegraph is capable ( arrang+ ! details4 ,if y dem& spe$1 ! railroad w give x to y--if y are will+ to pay ! price & give a release aga9/ damage to y\r preci\s bones4 ,increas$ spe$ means increas$ risk to y\r railroad]4 ,maude ,adams uses a special _m ,saturday nights to c>ry h] d[n to h] ,long ,isl& f>m at ,ronkonkoma4 ,h] place is f> out ( ! regul> suburban di/rict1 & !re are no regul> tra9s t w enable h] to rea* x aft] ! ev5+ p]=mance4 ,= ord9>y s]vice %e is q cont5t ) a private c>--! mania has its dea?ly grip on a good _m ( our prosp]\s !atrical folk4 ,lillian ,russell us$ to live d[n 9 ! ,rockaway section ( ,long ,isl&1 h>dly outside ( ! ,new ,york ,city limits4 ,:5 %e play$ 9 ! metropolis a special tra9 c>ri$ h] six nights 9 ! week out to h] suburban home4 ,!re 7 pl5ty ( regul> tra9s--!atre tra9s1 9 ! colloquialism ( ! railroad]s--b ! prima donna w\ld h none ( !m4 ,%e _h acquir$ ! private-c> mania :ile %e 0 on ! road4 ,s h] special /ood night aft] night 9 ! big railroad t]m9al 9 ,long ,isl& ,city--a neat little acquisition = a prosp]\s lady4 ,! nightly ride co/ h] fifty doll>s to ! railroad company2 & ! g5]\s tips %e lavi%$1 f ! eng9e-cab back1 d\bl$ t sum4 ,h>dly a prosp]\s />1 ^! days1 b dem&s 9 ! contract a fully-equipp$ c> = ! long1 h>d days on ! road4 ,! c> has "s value = adv]tis+2 its greate/ value1 h[ev]1 lies 9 ! maximum degree ( com=t t x af=ds1 z comp>$ ) ! con/ant *ang+ f "o c\ntry hotel to ano!r4 ,sometimes ! bigge/ ( ^! folk let ! mania seize s tightly ^u !m t !y g to excess4 ,pad]ewski1 on 8 fir/ trip to ,am]ica1 made a fly+ j\rney up to ,p\ghkeepsie to bewild] ! fair ,vass>ites4 ,he %udd]$ at ! ?\ght ( :at he 0 pleas$ to call ! prov9ces4 ,he _h ! popul> ,european notion ( ,am]ican small t[ns & _! ho/elries4 ,p\ghkeepsie has v com=table hotels1 b ,pad]ewski w\ld n risk !m4 ,he w\ld n sleep 9 !m1 nei!r w\ld he eat 9 !m4 ,a private c> solv$ ! fir/ ( ^! problems2 ! second 0 met by br++ two cooks & a wait] up f ! ,new ,york hotel 9 :i* he 0 /ay+4 ,he 0 paid #a1jjj = ! conc]t1 & 8 travell+ exp5ses co/ him m ?an half t sum1 :i* 0 a pretty good ratio4 ,/ill1 /age folk are n 9 ! habit ( c\nt+ ei!r ratios or _! p5nies1 & ! av]age prima donna w\ld make "s sacrifices at ! sav+s-bank 9 ord] to indulge h]self 9 ?is extravagant & purely ,am]ican mania4 ,! gr&-op]a folk indulge !mselves to ! limit1 inv>iably at ! exp5se ( ! b5efic5t impres>io4 ,b ev5 ?is long-suff]+ publici/ does n feel ! exp5se s bitt]ly4 ,special tra9s = op]a companies make spl5did adv]tis+1 b !y d n co/ "o c5t m ?an regul> transportation4 ,= ! railroads1 act+ "u ! guidance ( an all-wise & all-p[]ful commission d[n at ,wa%+ton1 w issue1 )\t extra co/1 f sixty to "o hundr$ tickets = ! man :o ord]s a special tra9 at two doll>s a mile4 ,9 ?is way ! wise !atrical manag] keeps 8 little flock segregat$ :ile en r\te1 & reaps gratuit\sly ! pre/ige & ! adv]tis+ t ensue4 ,ev5 ! *eap] companies h _! own c>s--gaudy affairs mo/ ( !m1 _! batt]$ sides /ill reflect+ ! brilliancy ( "s gift$ sign-pa9t]4 ,y mu/ rememb] see+ !m 9 ! long ago1 back !re at ! home-t[n1 /uck 9 ! long sid+ next ! coal-%$1 & surr\nd$ by admir+ y\?1 gett+ its fir/ fa9t ta9t ( ! mania4 ,! ,all-,/> ,imp]ial ,m9/rel ,tr\pes1 & ! ,uncle ,tom %[s1 are ! gravey>ds ( ! private c>s4 ,pr\d equipages t 9 _! days h h\s$ real magnates & h be5 ! !atres ( :at we l my/]i\sly to call big deals1 once supplant$1 drop quickly d[n ! scale ( elegance4 ,9 _! la/ days !y come to ! h>d use ( "s it9]ant b& ( ent]ta9]s1 to squeak _! ru/y jo9ts & worn frames z if 9 prote/ aga9/ a fly-by-night exi/5ce ov] j]kwat] railroad bran*es4 ,come back aga9 to ^? c>s y see at ! college football games1 ! travell+ private palaces t migrate up to ,newport1 ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 & ! ,adirondacks 9 summ]2 t flock s\? 9 ! w9t] l ! birds4 ,! a/oni%+ ?+ is t few ( ^! c>s are own$ by ! p]sons :o are us+ !m4 ,( c\rse1 z we h already said1 if a man c lay claim to "s railroad connection1 he c get 8 c> haul$ free ov] o!r l9es &1 p]haps1 get x built = him2 b m ( t 9 a mom5t4 ,!re are probably n m ?an #dj private c>s 9 ! l& t are own$ by p]sons n connect$ ) ! railroads4 ,?is is an a/oni%+ly l[ figure1 consid]+ ! numb] ( ^! craft t are con/antly drift+ ab\t our #bjj1jjj miles ( track4 ,"s society folk h c>s z a "p ( _! daily life1 b ! /orage co/s are apt to cause a man to ?9k twice be=e he buys "o4 ,mr4 ,rockefell] & ,mr4 ,morgan h manag$ to worry along v com=tably )\t contract+ ! disease4 ,z a rule1 bo? ( ^! m5 are will+ to accept ! com=t ( any ( ! fa/ limit$ tra9s t =m "p ( ! luxuri\s equipm5t ( ! ,am]ican railroad4 ,b ! fact rema9s t ! av]age citiz51 :5 he is fell$ by an int]mitt5t attack ( ! private-c> mania1 is cont5t to hire "o ( ! v com=table equipages t ! ,pullman ,company keeps ready at big t]m9als at v>i\s po9ts across ! c\ntry4 ,! arrangem5ts = ^! are exclusive ( ! price paid to ! railroad companies = _! haul4 ,a complete private c>1 equipp$ ) /at]ooms1 ba?s1 private d9+-room1 obs]vation p>lor & ! l1 co/s sev5ty-five doll>s a day4 ,= two or m days ?is rate drops to fifty doll>s a day4 ,an extra *>ge is made = food2 b ! railroad w deliv] ! c> )\t *>ge at ! po9t f :i* y wi% to beg9 y\r j\rney4 ,illu/ration3 ,,connect+ ,,draw+ ,,room ,,& ,,/ate ,,room ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,man ,,may ,,h ,,z ,,f9e ,a ,,b$ ,,9 ,a ,,sleep+ ,,c> ,,z ,,9 ,,! ,,be/ ,,hotel ,,9 ,,all ,,! ,,l& ,illu/ration3 ,,y ,,may ,,h ,,! ,,manicure ,,^u ,,! ,,mod]n ,,tra9 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,d9+-,,c> ,,is ,a ,,sociable ,,sort ,,( ,,place ,= ! haul ( ^! c>s ! railroads w *>ge y accord+ to _! regul>ly fil$ t>iffs1 unless y h t valu$ connection ) "s common c>ri]4 ,?is v>ies f a m9imum ( f eighte5 to tw5ty-five fir/-class f>es4 ,9 o!r words1 let u assume t ! m9imum 9 a p>ticul> case is tw5ty f>es4 ,t p>ticul> railroad w c>ry up to tw5ty p]sons 9 ! c> at its regul> f>es2 if !re are m ?an tw5ty abo>d x w get a full f>e ticket f ea* ov] ! m9imum all[ance4 ,t is all a matt] e/abli%$ z ! special tra9 rates are e/abli%$1 n by :im1 b by law4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! private c> mania1 9 *ronic =m1 seems to attack "s railroad presid5ts mo/ viol5tly4 ,= reasons :i* %[ t railroad+ is a bus9ess fill$ ) f9e tact & diplomacy1 ^! c>s are call$ bus9ess c>s4 ,x is also rem>kable t = size & elegance !y v>y 9 almo/ inv]se ratio to ! size & importance ( ! railroad t owns !m4 ,big railroads1 l ! ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,h>riman l9es1 & ! ,new ,york ,c5tral r pride !mselves ^u ! simplicity ( _! (ficial c>s4 ,"s ( ^! are pla9 almo/ to ! po9t ( %abb9ess4 ,contra/$ ) ^! are ! private c>s belong+ to ! head ( a great int]urban electric l9e 9 ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 a c> s wondr\sly beautiful t x 0 c>ri$ all ! way to ,wa%+ton1 9 ! ,spr+ ( #aije1 s t a ?\s& =eign railroad manag]s !re ga!r$ 9 conv5tion1 might see ! atta9m5ts ( ,am]ican c>-build]s4 ,ano!r ,we/]n railroad1 a small /eam l9e ?is "t1 boa/s a presid5t's c> ) a d9+ s]vice t co/ #b1ejj4 ,a little ,mississippi lumb]+ road sp5t #dj1jjj 9 provid+ a private c> = its op]at+ head4 ,! big ,ea/]n roads "k ab\t all ( ^! c>s4 ,_! heads get frequ5t invitations to take a run ov] ! ,k41 ,y4 ,z41 or "s o!r ent]pris+ j]kwat] road t runs f ! back wat]s to ! bad l&s4 ,( c\rse1 !y nev] take ! trip1 b !y inv>iably see ! next /ep 9 ! developm5ts4 ,x comes 9 ! =m ( reque/s = a pass = haul ( c> & p>ty f ,*icago to ,new ,york & return4 ,"t 0 :5 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ! ,p5nsylvania 7 laid l[ "u ! avalan*e ( reque/s ( ?is sort4 ,"s ( _! sl[] tra9s 7 lad5 d[n ) long /r+s ( ^! deadhead c>avans1 & on "o memorable occasion a :ole section 0 made up ( ! prom95t private c>s ( decid$ly unprom95t railroad (fic]s4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( ! eighte5-h\r tra9s betwe5 ^! two mo/ important cities ( ! c\ntry ?is burd5 has be5 less5$4 ,^! fa/e/ tra9s w absolutely n haul any private c>s at any price2 x is a rule t w\ld n be abrogat$ = ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s ! railroad]s ( ! ,we/1 f ! big m5 l ,/ubbs & ,krutts*nitt ( ! ,union ,pacific d[n to ! small fry1 leave _! c>s 9 ! roomy t]m9al y>ds at ,*icago & come to ,new ,york mo/ ( ! "t on "o or ! o!r ( ! eighte5-h\r tra9s4 ,ab\t ! only "t _! c>s come ,ea/ n[adays is :5 !y are br++ _! families to ! sea%ore = ! ,summ]4 ,s mu* = ! private c>s4 ,!y are p]haps "o ( ! mo/ typical ?+s ( ! ,am]ica ( to-day1 z we h se54 ,actresses & millionaires use !m = _! private com=t & conv5i5ce2 t\ri/ p>ties roam =? 9 !m2 delegations proce$ 9 !m to conv5tions2 civic bodies f9d !m agreeable aids to junket+4 ,sometimes a p>ty ( sportsm5 w *>t] a c> & hie !mselves (f to a seclud$ spot :]e ! railroad roams ?r\gh ! =e/1 f9d an idle sid+ & use _! c> = a camp = a week1 a =tnight1 or ev5 a mon?4 ,cities & ,/ates use private c>s z travell+ museums to exploit _! *>ms1 "s ( !m are travell+ *apels = religi\s propag&ism4 ,! uses ( ! private c> are ne>ly z manifold z ^? ( ! railroad itself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! beg9n+ ?+s 7 diff]5t4 ,our great gr&-daddies drew no class l9es :5 !y travell$1 b 7 cont5t to f9d %elt] f ! /orm1 or ^u pleasant days f ! %[]s ( sp>ks scatt]$ by ! locomotive4 ,b :5 ! railroad began to /ret* itself & to be a ?+ ( rea*es1 x 0 f\nd advisable to run tra9s at night 9 ord] to make quick communication betwe5 di/ant po9ts4 ,travell+ at night 9 ! crude coa*es ( ! e>ly railroads 0 an abom9able ?+1 & be=e ! =ties ! old ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad 0 op]at+ "s crude sort ( sleep+-c>s4 ,)9 ano!r decade !re 0 mu* exp]im5t+ ( ?is sort4 ,old-tim]s on ! ,erie /ill rememb] ! sleep+-c>s t 7 built on t road soon aft] ! close ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,!re 7 six ( !m1 m l summ] cottages ?an c>s1 = ! ,erie 0 !n ( #f-;foot gauge1 & its c>s 7 #ab feet wide4 ,! b]?s 7 made up 9 crude =m by hang+ curta9s f iron rods & br++ ! b$d+ f a /orage closet at ! end ( ! c>4 ,!re 0 a little less privacy 9 !m ?an 9 ! mod]n ,pullman1 b 9 ! eyes ( ,jim ,fisk1 ^: love ( elegant luxury 0 fir/ responsible = _! con/ruction1 !y 7 no?+ less ?an palaces4 ,"o ( !m 0 nam$ aft] ,fisk & c>ri$ 8 portrait 9 an imm5se decorative m$allion on ea* ( its sides4 ,! o!r c>s 7 ! ,jay ,g\ld--)\t decorative m$allions--! ,morn+ ,/>1 ! ,ev5+ ,/>1 ! ,que5 ,city1 & ! ,cresc5t ,city4 ,all y h to d to-day1 to set an old ,erie man's tongue wagg+1 is to speak ( "o ( ^! c>s4 ,!y 7 triumphs1 & away back 9 t day & g5]ation !y co/ #fj1jjj ea*4 ,b :ile _m m5 7 fuss+ 9 futile ways to build com=table c>s = long j\rneys1 a man nam$ ,george ,m4 ,pullman1 ov] 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york1 0 pack+ 8 goods & mak+ ready to g to ,*icago & build 8 _w-fam$ c>-works !re4 ,pullman's c>s surviv$ ! o!rs4 ,he b\ght 9 ! ,woodruff ,company & "s less] conc]ns1 & = _m ye>s 8 only important rival 0 ! ,wagn] ,palace ,c> ,company1 a ,v&]bilt prop]ty4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ?is too 0 absorb$1 & ! ,pullman ,company _h virtual control ( ! luxuri\s "p ( ,am]ican traffic1 few railroads c>+ to run _! own p>lor & sleep+-c> s]vice4 ,!re are economic & s5sible reasons = ?is 9 _m cases4 ,"s railroads h great ?r\gh pass5g] traffic1 dem&+ ,pullman equipm5t 9 summ] & little or none 9 w9t]4 ,o!rs rev]se ?is ne$ & s :ole tra9s ( sleep+ & p>lor c>s g flock+ nor? & s\? & !n nor? aga9 ) ! private c>s4 ,special occasions1 l great conv5tions1 call = extra ,pullmans by hundr$s2 & because ( ! enorm\s capital t mu/ be ti$ up1 a s+le supply+ company is be/ able to h&le ! problem4 ,/ill1 big roads l ! ,new ,hav51 ! ,milwaukee1 & ! ,great ,nor!rn h be5 mo/ successful 9 build+ & op]at+ _! own sleep+ & p>lor-c> s]vice4 ,a great road l ! ,p5nsylvania might d ! same ?+1 & because ( t possibility ! ,p5nsylvania 0 "o ( ! fir/ roads 9 ! c\ntry to make ! ,pullman ,company pay x = ! privilege ( haul+ its c>s4 ,z a rule1 ! railroad pays ! ,pullman ,company = haul+ by ! mile--a v few c5ts a mile--& ! ,pullman ,company also takes ! entire receipts to itself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! body ( ,abraham ,l9coln 0 c>ri$ to its f9al re/+-place 9 ! fir/ real ,pullman c> t 0 ev] built4 ,presid5t ,l9coln rode 9 "o ( ,pullman's e>lie/ attempts at railroad luxury1 "s sleep+-c>s t he _h remodell$ f day coa*es on ! ,*icago ,alton ,railroad & t 7 put 9 s]vice betwe5 ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahfj4 ,^! c>s 7 almo/ z crude z ! b>b>ic pr$ecessors t _h induc$ ,pullman to tackle ! problem ( railroad com=t approa*+ ! /&>ds ( boat com=t4 ,leon>d ,seib]t1 a vet]an employee ( ! ,*icago ,alton1 told a few ye>s ago ( ,mr4 ,pullman's fir/ attempts to remodel ! old coa*es ( t road into sleep+-c>s4 ,said he3 ,9 #aheh ,mr4 ,pullman came to ,bloom+ton & engag$ me to d ! "w ( remodell+ ! ,*icago ,alton coa*es into ! fir/ ,pullman sleep+-c>s4 ,! contract 0 t ,mr4 ,pullman %\ld make all necess>y *anges inside ( ! c>s4 ,aft] look+ ov] ! entire pass5g] c> equipm5t ( ! road1 :i* at t "t con/itut$ ab\t a doz5 c>s1 we select$ ,coa*es ,nos4 #i & #ai4 ,!y 7 #dd feet long1 _h flat ro(s l box c>s1 s+le sa% w9d[s1 ( :i* !re 7 f\rte5 on a side1 ! glass 9 ea* sa% be+ only a little ov] "o foot squ>e4 ,! ro( 0 only a trifle ov] six feet f ! floor ( ! c>4 ,into ?is c> we got t5 sleep+-c> sections1 besides a l95 lock] & two wa%rooms--"o at ea* end4 ,! wood us$ 9 ! int]ior f9i% 0 *]ry4 ,mr4 ,pullman 0 anxi\s to get hickory1 to /& ! h>d usage :i* x 0 suppos$ ! c>s w\ld receive4 ,i work$ "p ( ! ,summ] ( #aheh1 employ+ an assi/ant or two1 & ! c>s w5t into s]vice 9 ! ,fall ( #aheh4 ,!re 7 no blue pr9ts or plans made = ! remodell+ ( ^! fir/ two sleep+-c>s1 & ,mr4 ,pullman & ,i work$ out ! details & measurem5ts z we came to !m4 ,! two c>s co/ ,mr4 ,pullman n m ?an #b1jjj1 or #a1jjj ea*4 ,!y 7 uphol/]$ 9 plu%1 light$ by oil lamps1 heat$ ) box /oves1 & m\nt$ on f\r-:eel trucks ) iron :eels4 ,! b]? rate 0 fifty c5ts a night4 ,!re 0 no port] 9 ^? days2 ! brakeman made up ! b$s4 ,pullman built 8 fir/ real sleep+-c> 9 #ahfd4 ,x 0 call$ ! ,pione] & he fur!r designat$ x by ! lett] ,a1 n dream+ t !re w\ld ev] be en\gh ,pullman c>s to exhau/ ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,! ,pione] 0 built 9 a ,*icago ,alton c> %op1 & x co/ ! almo/ fabul\s1 9 ^? times1 sum ( #ah1jjj4 ,t 0 extravagant c>-build+ 9 a ye> :5 ! be/ ( railroad coa*es c\ld be built at a co/ n exce$+ #d1ejj ea*4 ,b ! ,pione] 0 blaz+ a new pa? 9 luxury4 ,f )\t1 x 0 radiant 9 pa9ts & v>ni%es1 9 gay /rip+s & lett]+s2 x 0 a giant comp>$ ) its fell[s1 = x 0 a foot wid] & two & a half feet high] ?an any c> ev] built be=e4 ,x _h ! h+$ b]?s t are to-day ! di/9ctive feature ( ! ,am]ican sleep+ c>1 & ! port] & ! pass5g]s no long] _h to drag ! b$d+ f closets at ! f> end ( ! c>4 ,! ,pione] 0 n only wid] & high] ?an o!r pass5g] c>s1 x 0 also wid] & high] ?an ! cle>ances ( /ation plat=ms & ov]head bridges4 ,b :5 ! c\ntry 0 r$uc$ to ! deepe/ di/ress because ( ! dea? ( ,presid5t ,l9coln1 ! fame ( ,pullman's ,pione] 0 already widespread1 & x 0 sugge/$ t ! f9e new c> %\ld be ! fun]al coa* ( ! m>tyr$ presid5t4 ,?is involv$ cutt+ wid] cle>ances all ! way f ,wa%+ton by ! way ( ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 & ,albany to ,spr+field1 ,ill42 & gangs ( m5 work$ night & day mak+ ! ne$$ *anges4 ,pullman knew t ! increas$ conv5i5ce ( an attractive c> built ^u prop] proportions w\ld ju/ify ^! *anges 9 ! long run1 & x is significant t ! height & wid? ( ! ,pullman c>s to-day are ^? ( ! ,pione]2 ! *anges h be5 made 9 ! l5g?4 ,n long aft] t c> _h c>ri$ ,presid5t ,l9coln to 8 grave1 ,g5]al ,grant />t$ on a trip we/1 & ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral ,railroad anxi\s to c>ry him ov] its l9es f ,detroit to ,*icago1 wid5$ its cle>ances = ! same celebrat$ c>4 ,aft] t !re 7 sev]al pa?s op5 = ! big c>1 & "w 0 begun ^u its fell[s4 ,x w5t into regul> s]vice on ! ,*icago ,alton ,railroad2 & ! ,pullman ,palace ,c> ,company 0 =m$ 9 #ahfg4 ,! alphabet soon ran out1 & ! company to-day op]ates betwe5 f\r & five ?\s& c>s 9 regul> s]vice4 ,!re is a popul> tradition1 sev]al times d5i$1 to ! effect t ,pullman = _m ye>s gave 8 daught]s #ajj ea* = ! names ( ! c>s1 & t t =m$ ! s\rce ( _! p9 money4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,int]ior ,,view ,,( ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,pullman ,,sleep+-,,c>s ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,a ,,/&>d ,,sleep+-,,c> ,,( ,,to-,,day ,:ile ! dim5sions ( ! c> 7 l>gely set1 improvem5ts 9 its con/ruction h gone /eadily =w>d1 z has be5 told 9 an e>li] *apt]4 ,! int]ior ( ^! luxuri\s mod]n c>s has n be5 neglect$4 ,f ! beg9n+ !y h be5 elaborate 9 r>e woods & spl5did textile fitt+s4 ,! advanc+ era ( ,am]ican good ta/e has done mu* t[>d s(t5+ ! ov]-elaboration ( c> int]iors--! sort ( sleep+ c> t ,george ,ade us$ to call ! *amb]maid's dream ( heav54 ,! newe/ c>s pres5t ! quiet elegance & good ta/e ( a mod]n resid5ce4 ,no?+ t may be add$ 9 weal? ( mat]ial or ( com=t is omitt$1 b ! fooli% drap]ies & c>v+s t once made ! ,am]ican c> ! laugh+-/ock ( ,europeans h already gone _! way4 ,to make = luxury all mann] ( devices h be5 add$ to ^! c>s4 ,! sup]9t5d5t sometimes he>s compla9ts f a travell] t ! %>p curves on "s m\nta9 division h spill$ ! wat] on 8 ba?-tub2 & ! swit*+-crews at ! big t]m9als "k t turntables are kept busy turn+ ! big obs]vation plat=m c>s s t !y w set "r1 & ! big piazza-l plat=m w re/ squ>ely at ! re> ( ! tra94 ,= ^? p]sons :o wi% to pay = ! luxury !re are /at]ooms1 & ! be/ ( ^! /at]ooms h ! ba?s & big com=table brass b$s4 ,aft] _m ye>s ( unsatisfactory exp]im5t ! electric light has come into its own ^u ! railroad tra92 & ev5 ^u unpret5ti\s tra9s ! night travell] no long] has to wre/le ) ! difficulties ( dress+ or undress+ 9 an absolutely d>k b]?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,once ! problem ( h\s+ folk at night _h be5 met & solv$1 ano!r rose4 ,if travell]s might sleep ^u a tra91 :y might !y n eat !re1 too8 ,! ,am]ican eat+-h\ses _h met ) a degree ( fame4 ,!re are old fell[s :o w /ill tell y ( ! glories ( ! d9+-rooms at ,spr+field1 at ,p\ghkeepsie1 at ,hornellsville1 & at ,altoona4 ,b ! eat+-h\se s*eme _h its great disadvantages4 ,= "o ?+1 x caus$ a delay 9 ! progress ( ?r\gh fa/ tra9s to halt !m ?ree times a day :ile ! pass5g]s pil$ out ( ! c>s & w5t across to "s lun*-c\nt] or d9+-room to ru9 _! dige/ions 9 ! tw5ty m9utes allott$ = ea* meal4 ,= ano!r ?+1 ! process ( clamb]+ 9 & out ( ! com=table tra9 9 all sorts ( wea!r 0 unpopul>4 ,! well-e/abli%$ & equally well-fam$ eat+-h\ses along ! trunk-l9e railroads 7 doom$ f ! "t t ! ,pione] won its fir/ success4 ,no m %\ld a tra9 tie up at meal-"t ?an a /eamboat %\ld tie up at h] :>f = a simil> purpose4 ,! fir/ d9+-c>s 7 call$ hotel-c>s2 & ! fir/ ( ^!1 ! ,presid5t1 0 plac$ 9 op]ation by ! ,pullman company on ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway--n[ ! ,gr& ,trunk--( ,canada1 9 #ahfg4 ,! hotel-c> 0 no?+ m or less ?an a sleep+-c> ) a kit*5 built 9 at "o end & facilities = s]v+ meals at tables plac$ at ! b]?s4 ,x 0 well en\gh 9 its way1 b travell]s dem&$ some?+ bett]1 some?+ m hygi5ic ?an eat+ meals 9 a sleep+ place4 ,pullman w5t h>d at 8 problem1 & 9 ano!r ye> he _h evolv$ ! fir/ real d9+-c>1 ! ,delmonico1 :i* w5t into regul> s]vice on ! ,*icago ,alton ,railway4 ,! ,delmonico 0 a pretty complete sort ( a re/aurant on :eels1 & n f> diff]5t f ! d9+-c> ( to-day4 ,to-day !re are #gej successors to ! old ,delmonico 9 daily s]vice on ! railroads ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a small regim5t ( m5 e>n _! livelihood ^u !m2 "s g5ius1 h&y ) a lead p5cil1 has e/imat$ t ^! s]ve "s #fj1jjj meals--breakfa/1 lun*1 & d9n]--e day4 ,! am\nt ( food & dr9k consum$ is a matt] t is left to ! /ati/ician4 ,! av]age full-siz$ d9+-c> seats #dj p]sons1 b t does n repres5t ! bus9ess x does4 ,unless ! c> c be completely fill$ two or m times at ea* meal1 x is n consid]$ a pr(itable run4 ,! ,european me?od ( res]v+ seats at fir/ table or second table has nev] obta9$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! wise man on a popul> tra9 sacrifices 8 dignity & hurries t[>d ! d9+-c> at ! fir/ intimation t ! meal is ready4 ,to take c>e ( ! hungry folk a d9+-c> crew ( n9e m5 is kept busy4 ,! c> is 9 absolute *>ge ( a conductor or /ew>d1 :o is held %>ply acc\ntable by ! d9+-c> sup]9t5d5t ( ! road = ! conduct ( 8 m5 & ( 8 c>4 ,he signs a receipt = ! c> equipm5t be=e />t+ on 8 run out ov] ! l9e1 & he mu/ see to x t none ( t equipm5t1 n a s+le napk9 or spoon out ( all 8 /ock1 is miss+ at its end4 ,he is held 9 z /rict acc\nt = ! appe>ance & behavior ( 8 m54 ,! wait]s mu/ be neatly dress$1 mu/ h clean l952 ! conductor himself mu/ be some?+ ( a ,beau ,brummel1 c>ry+ a c]ta9 polite smile t[>d ea* "o ( ! road's patrons1 no matt] h[ disagreeable or cranky he or %e may be4 ,= all ( ^! ?+s & _m o!rs--ma9ta9+ a %>p gu>d ov] ! c>'s m9iature w9e-cell>s1 add+ specials to ! bill-(-f>e = a giv5 day1 act+ z a ca%i] = ! s]vice--he receives a pr9cely sal>y1 v>y+ f #ge to #aaj a mon?4 ,8 crew1 z f> z ! pass5g]s see x1 consi/s ( five m51 almo/ always negroes4 ,back 9 ! t9y kit*5 is ! *ef1 ) two assi/ants1 prep>+ ! food4 ,! kit*5 is t9y4 ,x is less ?an five feet wide & fifte5 feet long1 & ! ?ree m5 :o "w )9 x mu/ h a place = ev]y?+ 9 x1 includ+ !mselves4 ,obvi\sly !re is no room = ! wait]s1 & ^! receive _! supplies ?r\gh a small wicket w9d[4 ,if ! kit*5 is t9y1 x is also m>vell\sly complete4 ,an ice-box fits ^u & takes half ! space ( ! wide ve/ibule plat=m2 ! range has ! compact dim5sions ( a ya*t's range2 s9ks1 pots1 & kettles fit into inconceivably small spaces4 ,yet 9 ^! t9y cubbyholes "o hundr$1 (ttimes _m m d9n]s1 ( sev5 or eight c\rses ea*1 are c>efully prep>$1 ) a skill 9 ! cook+ t is a m>vel to re/aurateurs4 ,! table d'hte d9n]--! fam\s doll> d9n]--( ! ,am]ican railroad has almo/ disappe>$4 ,! con/ant increase 9 food/uffs is mo/ l>gely responsible = ?is4 ,! ,pullman ,company long ago gave up ?is p>ticul> feature ( pass5g] luxury1 save 9 a few isolat$ cases4 ,x _h ceas$ to be a p>ticul>ly pr(itable bus9ess1 ?is s]v+ ( f9e meals = a doll> ea*2 & s ! railroads !mselves took x up & prep>$ to make x a co/ bus9ess = ! adv]tis+ value to !m4 ,ea* railroad plum$ itself ^u its d9+-c> s]vice--"s ( !m /ill d--& ea* 0 will+ to lose a little money1 p]haps1 to induce travel to come its way because ( ! sup]ior meals x s]v$ ^u its tra9s4 ,b z ! price ( food-/uffs cont9u$ /eadily to rise1 ! adv]tis+ feature ( ^! meals began to be m & m exp5sive1 & ! doll> d9n] quickly disappe>$4 ,a high pric$ -la-c>te s]vice took its place1 & ! railroads s\ght to e/abli% _! commiss>y ^u a money-mak+ basis4 ,! attempt has n be5 v successful4 ,= ! lift+ ( ! d9+-c> prices & ! attempt to r$uce runn+ exp5ses has1 on "s roads 9 p>ticul>1 hurt ! reputation ( ^! re/aurants on :eels1 & s 9 due season hurt _! patronage2 br\ght _! patrons f folk :o w5t out ( _! way to eat on d9+-c>s to folk :o eat !re only because ( dire necessity4 ,& ^! la/ /ill h f\nd prices high & ! result is to be ev5tually a return to =m] me?ods 9 "p--sl[] tra9s /opp+ aga9 = meals at important /ations1 ! fa/] tra9s return+ to ! table d'hte4 ,beg9n+s h be5 made along t l9e rec5tly4 ,! doll> d9n] may nev] return to "s roads--al?\gh x rema9s a joy & a delight to travell]s ^u ! ,new ,hav5 sy/em--b ! regul> d9n] at lea/1 capable ( quick s]vice 9 a cr[d$ c>1 bids fair to h a r5aissance4 ,:ile ! problem ( d9+-c> economy1 & pr(it ev51 rema9s a problem1 ! idea is nev]!less be+ /eadily ext5d$ all ! :ile to bran*es & to tra9s t c\ld n support full-siz$ d9+-c>s4 ,to meet ^! ne$s small] c>s--g5]ally call$ caf-c>s--9 :i* ! d9+-comp>tm5t is mu* r$uc$ 9 size1 h be5 built & op]at$4 ,9 ^! two cooks1 two wait]s & a /ew>d =m ! work+ =ce & ! fix$ *>ges ( ! outfit are correspond+ly r$uc$4 ,!y are fur!r r$uc$ 9 ! op]ation ( ! s-call$ broil]-coa*1 :i* is no?+ m or less ?an a day-c> ) a kit*5 built 91 ! entire s]vice be+ p]=m$ by "o or two cooks & a l numb] ( wait]s4 ,"s sleep+-c>s & "s p>lor c>s /ill h kit*5s :]e a s+le accompli%$ negro may act z bo? cook & wait]1 & ^! c>s are designat$ commonly z buffet sleep]s or buffet p>lor c>s4 ,! d9+-c> dep>tm5t ( ! railroad w probably h m to d ?an sup]vise ! op]ation ( ^! v>i\s sorts ( equipm5t4 ,re/aurants & lun*-rooms at t]m9als & /ations along ! l9e may fall "u its direct sup]vision1 & x w probably also conduct ! cuis9e ( ! private c>s ( ! railroad's (fic]s4 ,! d9+-c> dep>tm5t has direct *>ge ( all ! m5 employ$ on c>s & 9 ! lun*-rooms2 x sees to x t ! railroad's cul9>y equipm5t is fully ma9ta9$2 x buys food & dr9k1 l951 silv]1 *9a1 kit*5 supplies ( e sort4 ,! r\t+ ( ! c>s is c>efully plann$ to secure ! mo/ economical use ( !m4 ,few tra9s runn+ f ,new ,york to ,*icago w c>ry a s+le d9] ?r\gh\t ! entire trip4 ,^! tra9s w use two1 sometimes ?ree c>s dur+ a s+le-way trip betwe5 ! cities4 ,a s+le c> w g5]ally make ! daylight run ) ! tra91 to be dropp$ at night to cont9ue its c\rse we/ aga9 at daylight ^u "s o!r tra9 ne$+ meal s]vice4 ,! fir/ tra9 w pick up a fre% d9] 9 ! morn+ to c>ry into ,*icago4 ,9 ?is way1 a d9] may take a week or m to make ! r\nd trip f ,new ,york to ,*icago4 ,obvi\sly1 h] commiss>y mu/ meet all ne$s along ! way4 ,/aple supplies1 liquors1 dry groc]ies are all plac$ abo>d ! c> at ! t]m9als4 ,fre% meats & vegetables are pick$ up along ! r\te4 ,?is t[n has an especial reputation = its *ick5s2 ?is = its grapes2 ?is o!r = its cel]y4 ,! d9+-c> dep>tm5t kn[s all ^!1 & x selects "u ! r>e opportunity ( a h\sewife :o has a m>ket ne>ly a ?\s& miles long )9 :i* to d h] m>ket+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j z ! glori\s com=t ( ! ,am]ican riv] /eamboat ( ! fifties 0 responsible = ! plans = eat+ & sleep+ abo>d ! railroad tra9s1 s x 0 responsible = ! introduction ( a f9] luxury 9 railroad travel1 until to-day1 :5 ! res\rces ( ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t are tax$ to discov] "s new +5i\s joy to add to ! pleasure ( go+ by ?is p>ticul> l9e4 ,! full developm5t ( ! protect$ ve/ibule plat=m & ! opportunity x af=d$ ( easy int]c\rse betwe5 ! coa*es ( a tra9 l$ to _m new devices to make ! long cross-c\ntry trip ( ! travell] m ?an ev] a ?+ ( joy4 ,fir/ came ! buffet-c>1 ) all ! conv5i5ces ( a man's club2 & ! c>-build]s h %[n rem>kable +5uity 9 imitat+ ! mission-l grillroom int]iors1 despite ! _m limitations plac$ ^u !m4 ,no club 0 complete )\t a b>b]-%op1 & soon e fa/-ru%+ limit$ ( any consequ5ce _h a dusky s]vitor ^: %>p-blad$ razor 0 w>rant$ n to cut ev5 :5 ! tra9 /ruck a %>p curve at fifty miles an h\r4 ,/ation]y1 books1 & magaz9es became features ( ! buffet-c>4 ,aft] t !re came a /5ograph]1 ^: s]vices 7 free to ! patrons ( ! tra94 ,mo/ ( ^! ?+s 7 = ! com=t ( m51 :o =m ! majority ( patrons ( ! railroad4 ,b a consid]able portion ( fem99ity travels1 & x s5t 9 a compla9t t its com=t 0 be+ neglect$4 ,! g5]al pass5g] ag5ts gave quick e>4 ,! m5's buffet1 ) its com=table adjuncts ( smoke & dr9k 0 at ! =w>d end ( ! tra91 ! wom5 7 consid]$ 9 ! big1 com=table obs]vation c>s at ! re>4 ,!y 7 giv5 m /ation]y1 m magaz9es1 ev5 a caseful ( books1 runn+ f ! sev]e /&>d works to ! gaye/ & lighte/ ( mod]n fiction4 ,ladies' maids 7 in/all$ ^u ! tra9s1 & ! girl runn+ f ,new ,york up to ,albany c\ld h h] nails manicur$ :ile ^u ! tra94 ,^! are all details1 b ea* goes to make ! com=t ( ! travell] ^u ! ,am]ican railroad tra94 ,su* com=t is n equall$ 9 any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,f ! mom5t he /eps f 8 cab1 ! ,am]ican travell] pass+ ?r\gh ! magnific5ce ( sup]b wait+-rooms ent]s palatial tra9s1 sup]ior to ! private tra9s ( royalty ^u ! o!r side ( ! ocean4 ,a corps ( well-tra9$ atta*s look to 8 com=t & 8 ease1 e mom5t t he is ^u ! tra91 :e!r 8 ride be ( an h\r's duration or a f\r-days' run across ! cont95t4 ,o!r railroad]s :om he does n see1 eng9e crews1 *ang+ ea* few h\rs ^u 8 run1 signalm5 9 ! t[]s along ! r\te1 telegraph]s1 despat*]s1 tra9 walk]s1 c> inspectors help 9 _! small b important ways to make 8 trip "o ( com=t & ( safety4 ,! entire organization ( ! railroad l5ds itself to t v purpose4 ,! railroad does n /op at ! m]e ex]cise ( its great function z a c>ri]2 x does n ev5 /op ) ! ex]cise ( its e +5uity t[>d safety 9 its transportation2 x goes a little fur!r & gives to ! man or woman :o rides ^u its rails1 a degree ( luxuri\s com=t equal to if n ev5 great] ?an t man or woman c receive at any o!r place4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,gett+ ,,! ,,city ,,out ,,into ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,commut]s' ,,tra9s ,,9 ,,_m ,,t[ns--,,rapid ,,increase ,,9 ,,! ,,volume ,,( ,,suburban ,,travel--,,electrification ,,( ,,! ,,l9es--,,long ,,isl& ,,railroad ,,almo/ ,,exclusively ,,suburban--,,v>i$ ,,di/ances ,,( ,,suburban ,,homes ,,f ,,! ,,cities--,,club-,,c>s ,,= ,,commut]s--,,/at]ooms ,,9 ,,! ,,suburban ,,c>s--,,special ,,transf] ,,commut]s4 ,:5 ! ,commut] slams 8 desk %ut at ! close ( a busy day1 he is fully aw>e t he is a sup]ior be+4 ,o!r mortals condemn$ to h>d labor 9 ! city may squeeze )9 ! ill-v5tilat$ conf9es ( trolley-c>1 elevat$ or subway tra91 may f9d _! way to /uffy ap>tm5ts1 :i*1 if _! fronts 7 to be sudd5ly remov$1 w\ld look = all ! _w l %oe-boxes /uck ti] ^u ti] 9 a %op4 ,! ,commut] ?ru/s out 8 *e/4 ,n = him4 ,8 is a diff]5t life4 ,he ev5 feels ju/ifi$ 9 ?9k+ t 8 is ! only life4 ,!re is no?+ n>r[ ab\t ! ,commut]2 ! op5 brea? ( ! c\ntry has t5d$ to wid5 him4 ,he f9ds 8 way to ! %[y railroad t]m9al1 d[n ! cr[d$ conc\rse ) a human /ream ( o!r ,commut]s to ! #e3cg4 ,t tra9 is "p ( 8 regul> cal5d> ( life4 ,x has be5 su* ev] s9ce he took flight to ! c\ntry1 a doz5 ye>s ago4 ,if ! #e3cg %\ld ev] be /rick5 f ! "t-c>d ! ,commut] w\ld feel z if ! light _h be5 ext+ui%$4 ,once1 :5 "s m$dl] viol5tly assum$ to *ange x into a #e3ca1 ! ,commut] 0 "o ( a committee :o visit$ a t]rifi$ g5]al pass5g] ag5t & _h ! c\rse ( "t set "r aga94 ,!re is only "o o!r tra9 :i* mu/ approa* ! #e3cg 9 regul>ity2 t is ! #g3eb1 on :i* ! ,commut] sl9ks sorr[fully into ! dirty t[n ea* morn+4 ,o!r tra9s may be jump$ ab\t on ! "t-c>d1 ! ,commut] is oblivi\s ( _! fate4 ,b let 8 #g3eb be t5 m9utes late into ! big t]m9al ?ree morn+s 9 succession1 & ! ,commut] beg9s to write lett]s to ! pap]s & to ! (fic]s ( ! railroad4 ,once abo>d ! #e3cg ! ,commut] trails 8 way into ! smok]4 ,jim1 ! brakeman1 :o is ! s\rce ( all tru/wor?y in=mation ab\t ! railroad1 & :o c ev5 =e%ad[ ! resignation ( ! presid5t1 has /or$ away ! table & ! c>ds4 ,!y are produc$ = ! daily consid]ation ( a dime & a game t runs week 9 & week out is ready to beg94 ,smi?1 ( ! ,/&>d ,oil cr[d1 drops into 8 seat2 ,higg9s1 ! lawy]1 into 82 ! o!rs are quickly fill$2 packages--food/uffs f ! *eap] city m>kets & hurri$ pur*ases made at noon f h&y %ops--g into ! racks1 & ! ,commut] is oblivi\s until1 z if by in/9ct1 a famili> r$ b>n goes fly+ backw>ds4 ,! game is (f aga9 until to-morr[ morn+2 he is sort+ 8 own packages out ( ! rack4 ,! tra9 halts = a s+le n]v\s mom5t1 & he is on ! plat=m4 ,! c>s roll pa/ him2 ! p>ty are at a ?ree-h&$ game n[4 ,! ,commut] f9ds 8 way up a /eep road to 8 home on ! hillside1 8 v own home4 ,x looks z sweet1 set 9 !re among ! bu%es & ! trees1 z x did ! day he b\ght x2 & t day x look$ to him z ,p>adise4 ,:5 night comes1 !re comes a peace & quiet1 a peculi> c\ntry coolness 9 ! air4 ,! city is /eam+ f ! hot day1 & ?r\gh ! night ! pavem5ts & ! ro(s /ill emit heat4 ,! ,commut] has =gott5 ! city4 ,he sleeps z he slept z a boy on a f>m1 :]e a city 0 b a hazy dream 9 8 m9d4 ,:5 he awakes he is refre%$1 invigorat$4 ,! c\ntry has repaid him = ! tr\ble t he has tak5 to rea* x4 ,he goes into t[n aga9 on t bless$ #g3eb1 twice z good a work+man z ! man :o has ! next desk to 81 ! poor *ap :o _h to sit on ! ap>tm5t /eps until aft] midnight 9 ord] to get ev5 a mis]able degree ( com=t4 ,t is :y ! city goes out into ! c\ntry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,commut] is apt to settle 8 ?\ghts ^u himself1 to =get t he is b an inf9itely small "p ( a mighty home-go+ army t nightly calls all ! pass5g] res\rces ( ! railroad into play4 ,!re are m ?an #ajj1jjj ( him alone 9 ! metropolitan di/rict ar\nd ,new ,york4 ,! busy ,long ,isl& ,railroad takes a ho/ ( him nightly (f to ! g>d5 spots ( t wond]ful l& f :i* x takes its "n2 ! ,c5tral ,railroad rea*es (f into ! l[l&s1 & ! ,erie & ! ,lackawanna into ! highl&s ( ,new ,j]sey2 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ! ,new ,hav5 tap ! picturesque %ores ( ! ,hudson & ! ,s\nd4 ,bo/on repeats ,new ,york 9 ?is human tide t ebbs & fl[s daily ?r\gh h] gates4 ,f bo? h] ,nor? & ,s\? /ations mighty armies ( ,commut]s come & g until "o wond]s sometimes if any "o really lives 9 ,bo/on itself4 ,!re are m ?an #fj1jjj ( ?is army at ! ,hub4 ,9 ,philadelphia1 ! ,p5nsylvania & ! ,read+ h&le f _! t]m9als an army ( equal size ea* night2 ano!r f9ds its way f ! smoky1 dirty he>t ( ,pittsburgh out into ! attractive t[ns t p]* ! hills 9 h] vic9age4 ,middle ,we/ cities1 ev5 ^? ( good size1 diff] f ,ea/]n 9 ! fact t !y are r>ely hamp]$ 9 _! gr[? by natural conditions4 ,9 big t[ns l ,clevel& & ,detroit1 = in/ance1 ! natural & ! artificial electric transit facilities are s good z to br+ ! commutation bus9ess to a m9imum4 ,n s ) ,*icago4 ,! ,ill9ois ,c5tral f ! s\?1 ! ,nor?we/]n & ! ,/4 ,paul f ! nor?1 s]ve rapidly gr[+ suburban areas t w comp>e ) "s ( ! be/ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,!n1 aft] ! ,commut]s 9 ! ,ea/ are safely home1 ano!r army is f9d+ its way across ! bay1 & (f to ! nor? & ! s\? ( ,san ,francisco4 ,^! are ! big c5tres ( commut+ z ! ,am]ican railroads "k x4 ,9 small] measure x exi/s at e l>ge city 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! famili> mon?ly c>d ticket1 repres5t+ its c\s91 t holy-(-holies--! annual pass1 is issu$ f good-siz$ villages & pret5ti\s c\ntry seats4 ,! ,commut] is already a national in/itution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,conductor ,john ,m4 ,dorsey1 :o us$ to run an ,erie tra9 out ( ,j]sey ,city 9 ! long ago1 once %[$ u :at he ?\ght 0 ! fir/ example ( a pure commutation bus9ess4 ,x 0 a li/ issu$ to ,erie conductors 9 #ahfj1 & conta9+ ! names ( #afb p]sons :o travell$ daily 9 & out ( ,new ,york by ! way ( ,j]sey ,city4 ,^! folk liv$ 9 ,passaic 7!y call$ x ,boil+ ,spr+s 9 ^? days71 & 9 ,pat]son1 & all ! way up ! l9e to ,go%5 & ,middlet[n4 ,:5 a man want$ to commute !n he paid a mon?ly fee to ! railroad & !y pr9t$ 8 "n on ?is (ficial li/4 ,su* a s*eme w\ld be obvi\sly out ( ! "q ^! days4 ,:5 ,new ,york refus$ to /op gr[+1 & m & m p began mak+ ! daily trip 9 & out ( ,j]sey ,city1 ! h&y me?od ( ! commutation ticket 0 sub/itut$ = ! cumb]some pr9t$ li/1 & ! ,erie & all ! o!r railroads began to cat] to ! ,commut] ) special %ort-di/ance tra9s4 ,committees came to railroad (fic]s f v>i\s small t[ns & aid$ !m 9 fix+ a def9ite basis ( f>e1 :i* rema9s to-day at some?+ betwe5 six-t5?s & ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5t a mile4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 ! real e/ate bus9ess became ! sci5ce t x is to-day1 & ! suburban bus9ess began to move =w>d 9 long leaps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ev5 ,,9 ,,w9t] ,,!re ,,is ,a ,,homely1 ,,homey ,,air ,,ab\t ,,! ,,commut]',s ,,/ation ,illu/ration3 ,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,great ,,f\r-,,track ,,op5 ,,cut ,,:i* ,,! ,,erie ,,has ,,built ,,= ,,! ,,commut]',s ,,com=t ,,at ,,j]sey ,,city ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,model ,,way-,,/ation ,,on ,,! ,,l9es ,,( ,,! ,,bo/on ,,albany ,,railroad ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,y>dma/]',s ,,(fice--,,9 ,,an ,,ab&on$ ,,swit*-,,t[] ,x seems incr$ible1 said a railroad (fic] j ! o!r day b ?is suburban problem is all b ov]:elm+ = u4 ,x does n increase our rev5ues at s wond]ful a pace1 b x does increase 9 volume f #bj to #be p] c5t a ye>2 & ?9k h[ t keeps u hu/l+1 mak+ facilities = x4 ,!re is n a railroad ent]+ ,new ,york to-day t c\ld n dismiss its pass5g] t]m9al problems to-morr[1 if x 7 n = ! ,commut]4 ,!re is n a railroad com+ into ,new ,york t c\ld n h&le all its ?r\gh bus9ess 9 a tra9-h\se ( f f\r to five tracks4 ,in/ead ( t1 :at d we see8 ,! ,erie ) five ?r\gh tra9s requir+ a t]m9al ( sixte5 tracks2 ! ,lackawanna1 ) ! same numb] ( ?r\gh tra9s1 a new t]m9al ( ev5 great] size1 ! ov]:elm+ pass5g] t]m9al problem be+ repeat$ at e corn] ( ,new ,york1 j because ( ! trem5d\s annual increase 9 ! suburban pass5g] bus9ess4 ,! great recon/ruction ( ! ,gr& ,c5tral t]m9al facilities 9 ! he>t ( ,new ,york1 & ! erection ( a new /ation !re1 z describ$ 9 detail 9 an e>li] *apt]1 is directly due to ! ,commut]4 ,:5 ! new /ation ) its d\ble ti] ( tracks is f9i%$1 !re w be ?irty-two plat=m tracks 9 ! d\ble tra9-h\se1 an am\nt f> 9 excess ( t ne$$ = ev5 ! great volume ( ?r\gh bus9ess t goes & comes ov] ! l9es ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav51 ,h>t=d1 ! two sy/ems t use x4 ,& ! new /ation1 involv+ a trem5d\s exp5diture ( money1 ( bra9s1 & ( en]gy1 is n all4 ,! ,new ,hav5 has electrifi$ its f\r-track ma9 l9e all ! way out to ,/am=d1 ,conn41 9 ord] t x may 9 "s measure cope ) ?is increas+ fl[ ( suburban traffic ov] its already cr[d$ ma9-l9e tracks4 ,x has wre/l$ ) ! unanticipat$ problems ( electrification because x has be5 fac+ a situation t left x no "t to exp]im5t else:]e & approa* its ma9-l9e problem ) delib]ation4 ,m & m folk 7 settl+ 9 ! suburban t[ns 9 its t]ritory ea* mon?1 & delib]ation 0 q out ( _! calculations4 ,! ,commut] is r>ely delib]ate4 ,s ! ,new ,hav51 ) all ! res\rces ( a giant c>ri]1 has f\nd ea* new measure ( relief swall[$ up 9 ! new flood & has turn$ to m radical me?ods4 ,x has be5 app>5t to its manag]s = "s "t pa/ t ev5 ! new ,gr& ,c5tral1 ) its wond]ful capacity1 w\ld "s day prove inadequate1 = ! reason t ! ,new ,york ,c5tral--! actual own]s ( ! prop]ty--0 also try+ to cope ) its own great increase 9 suburban traffic1 & w\ld ev5tually require m & m space = its own ,commut]s4 ,) su* a possibility 9 ! future--n a di/ant future ) ! suburban bus9ess d\bl+ 9 volume e f\r or five ye>s--! ,new ,hav5 s\ght to develop an unimportant freight bran* lead+ f ,new ,ro*elle d[n to ! ,h>lem ,riv]4 ,x has almo/ f9i%$ ! "w ( trans=m+ ?is into a great electric c>ri]1 six tracks 9 wid?4 ,railroad eng9e]s %[ no hesitancy 9 say+ t eight-track trunks w be ne$$ out ( ,new ,york 9 e direction )9 a doz5 ye>s4 ,! ,h>lem ,riv] bran* ( ! ,new ,hav51 once x is provid$ ) a suitable t]m9al1 w become a great art]y ( suburban traffic4 ,x w give trunk capacity to make possible ! developm5t ( a great new area ly+ j inl& f ! ,s\nd1 & yet )9 f #dj to #ej miles ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,a ?ird project 9 :i* ,new ,hav5 capital is kn[n to be int]e/$ is t ( a high-spe$1 f\r-track suburban electric railroad also to rea* into ! ,s\nd t]ritory z f> z ,port ,*e/]1 ) an important bran*1 div]g+ to ,:ite ,pla9s1 ! %ire-t[n ( ,we/*e/] ,c\nty4 ,?is l9e w fe$ into ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,new ,york subway1 & s avoid cramp+ ! t]m9als /ill fur!r4 ,! t]m9als are ! crux ( ! :ole great problem ( h&l+ suburban traffic4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral has also electrifi$ its tracks = a zone ( "s #dj to #ej miles f its t]m9al4 ,?is "w 0 />t$ prim>ily by a di/ress+ accid5t 9 its old smoke-fill$ tunnel1 t ran ! l5g? ( ,p>k ,av5ue "u ,manhattan ,isl&1 b ,new ,york ,c5tral (fic]s are to-day free to admit t ! electrification 0 close at h& 9 any ev5t4 ,! op]ation ( a t]m9al s closely plann$ z ! new ,gr& ,c5tral1 ) its tra9-%$s & y>ds built 9 lay]s1 w\ld h be5 a physical impossibility ) smoky1 dirty1 /eam locomotives4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral has be51 z we %all see 9 great] detail 9 ! *apt] on ! com+ ( electricity1 ! fir/ ( ! /&>d /eam railroads ent]+ ,new ,york to provide suburban tra9s ( multiple unit motor-c>s1 simil> to ^? us$ 9 rapid transit subway & elevat$ tra9s4 ,! great advantage ( ^! tra9s ov] tra9s h&l$ by ei!r /eam or electric locomotives is an op]at+ advantage4 ,! tra9 may be s quickly turn$ 9 t]m9als z to br+ ! t]m9al problem d[n an appreciable p]c5tage1 & s to give a great] haul+ capacity to ma9-l9e tracks4 ,! ,c5tral1 w$g$ 9 tightly by ! high hills t lie to ! nor? ( ! metropolis1 has _h to p9 its fai? to plans t utilize ! pres5t tracks to ! utt]mo/ capacity4 ,! railroads cross+ ,new ,j]sey & rea*+ ! we/ bank ( ! ,hudson h n be5 beh9d ! r\tes t ent] f ! nor? 9 provid+ = ! suburban bus9ess4 ,! rec5tly op5$ ,mc,adoo ,tunnel1 l9k+ ! ,j]sey t]m9als ( ! ,erie1 ! ,lackawanna1 & ! ,p5nsylvania ) bo? ! d[nt[n & ! upt[n !atre1 hotel1 & %opp+ di/rict ( ,manhattan1 has be5 a great /imulus to ! suburban developm5t across ! ,hudson4 ,! ,lackawanna has done its "p by bor+ a second tunnel "u ! ,b]g5 ,hill1 p>allel to its orig9al tube1 giv+ a f\r-track entrance to its f9e new t]m9al1 & reliev+ ! conge/ion ( suburban traffic night & morn+ at its wor/ po9t1 ! neck ( ! bottle4 ,! ,erie has already complet$1 z a "p ( its ext5sive t]m9al recon/ruction-"w 9 ,j]sey ,city1 a simil> project1 a f\r-track op5 cut ?r\gh ! /\t backbone ( ,b]g5 ,hill4 ,! op5 cut replaces completely ! s-call$ ,b]g5 ,tunnel1 :i* has already become a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,we h already told ( ! ,p5nsylvania t]m9al 9 ,new ,york4 ,! ,p5nsylvania built ! new /ation = ?r\gh travel r ?an = ! ,commut]1 at ! outset4 ,b ! ,p5nsylvania1 ) ! exception ( a brisk traffic out to ,new>k1 is h>dly a big suburban road1 9 ! ,new ,york metropolitan di/rict4 ,! great volume ( ,commut]s :o w flock to its /ation nightly1 w be b\nd ea/1 n we/4 ,! ,long ,isl& ,railroad1 its prop]ty /ret*+ less ?an "o hundr$ miles ea/ f ,new ,york1 ?r\gh :at is "o ( ! mo/ attractive resid5tial localities 9 ! _w1 is almo/ exclusively a suburban sy/em4 ,long ,isl& is n a manufactur+ or agricultural t]ritory ( consequ5ce4 ,!re is n a t[n ( #aj1jjj s\ls ea/ ( ! ,new ,york ,city l9e4 ,freight traffic & ?r\gh traffic1 aside f "s summ] excursion bus9ess1 is conspicu\s by its abs5ce4 ,yet ! ,long ,isl& op]ates ?r\gh its local /ation at ,jamaica 7an ev5 doz5 miles di/ant f ! new ,p5nsylvania t]m9al71 m ?an #hjj tra9s a day4 ,t1 ( itself1 repres5ts a volume ( traffic1 & speaks wond]s = ! desirability ( ! broad & s&y isl& z an escape f ! city to ! c\ntry4 ,we h f #ah1jjj to #bj1jjj ,commut]s all ! ye> r\nd1 said a ,long ,isl& (ficial1 j ! o!r day2 & ?is bran* ( our traffic--our *ief /ronghold--is increas+ at ! rate ( #be p] c5t annually4 ,we are try+ to increase our facilities to keep pace ) ! dem& made ^u !m2 t is :y we became t5ants 9 ! new ,p5nsylvania ,/ation4 ,= our %>e ( t "w we w pay #fe1jjj1jjj--"s money4 ,b we cut tw5ty m9utes (f e ,commut]'s trip 9 ea* direction e day1 & t is wor? :ile 9 a day :5 e road is rea*+ out = new bus9ess4 ,we d n consid] t #fe1jjj1jjj to save a man =ty m9utes a day is money ill-sp5t2 b ,i am frank 9 say+ t we also expect our #be p] c5t annual increase to rema9 = sev]al ye>s 9 ord] to make good su* an exp5diture4 ,"p ( t #fe1jjj1jjj is yet to be sp5t on ! electrification ( ! ,long ,isl& suburban l9es1 )9 a zone ( f #cj to #dj miles out f ! new t]m9al4 ,! ?r\gh tra9s runn+ to ! f> ea/]n po9ts ( ! isl& w run direct f ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ation z f> z ,jamaica by electricity1 heavy motors haul+ ! /&>d equipm5t4 ,at ,jamaica1 9 a million-doll> transf] /ation t is "p ( ! big improvem5t s*eme1 ! /eam locomotives w take up _! "p ( ! "w4 ,electricity = long /ret*es ( /&>d railroad :]e ! traffic is comp>atively slight is /ill an economic impossibility4 ,s mu* = ,new ,york1 :]e ! lead has be5 tak5 9 provid+ suburban s]vice on ! railroads op]at$ by electricity4 ,! problem is be+ approa*$ 9 ,bo/on--:o1 l h] l>g] si/]1 refuses to /ay put4 ,s\? ,/ation & ,nor? ,/ation1 on opposite sides ( ! city1 are ( ! l>ge/ size1 b !y are beg9n+ to feel ! /ra9 ( traffic1 :i* =ges ahead e ye>4 ,! ,metropolitan ,improvem5ts ,commission ( t city has already made a c>eful /udy ( ! problem4 ,x plans to relieve ! situation by con/ruct+ a f\r-track tunnel f "o /ation to ! o!r1 & op]at+ bo? ( !m--z f> z suburban traffic is conc]n$--z ?r\gh /ations r ?an z t]m9als4 ,9 a ^w1 ,bo/on ,ma9e local tra9s ent]+ ,nor? ,/ation w\ld n end _! runs !re z at pres5t1 b w\ld cont9ue ?r\gh ! propos$ tunnel to a second /op at ,s\? ,/ation1 :]e !y w\ld become outgo+ ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav51 ,h>t=d suburban locals4 ,! same op]ation w\ld be cont9u$ 9 a rev]se direction4 ,a m complicat$ adaptation ( ! s*eme f a con/ruction /&po9t w\ld /ill use ! connect+ tunnel & provide c>-y>ds = ! ,bo/on ,ma9e tra9s outside ( ,s\? ,/ation1 ) a simil> y>d = ! ,new ,hav5 locals j beyond ,nor? ,/ation4 ,! ma9 ga9 made by su* a plan is ! elim9ation ( swit*+--! same po9t at :i* ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ! ,long ,isl& h aim$ 9 mak+ _! suburban tra9s ( multiple units4 ,) ! haul+ 9 & out ( empty tra9s to & f a t]m9al elim9at$1 ! capacity may be almo/ d\bl$4 ,ano!r ga9 is ! conv5i5ce to pass5g]s :o "u su* a plan w\ld be enabl$ to rea* ei!r side ( ! city )\t *ang+ c>s1 & a rec\rse to /reet transit facilities4 ,! ,bo/on plan1 ( c\rse1 embodies a *ange f /eam to electricity z a motive p[]4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ compreh5sive plans yet submitt$ = ! solv+ ( ! great problem ( gett+ ! city out into ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,philadelphia1 !y are feel+ ! pressure ( ! ,commut] at bo? ! big d[nt[n t]m9als1 ! ,p5nsylvania & ! ,read+1 :ile ! fir/ ( ^! roads is already plann+ to electrify its suburban l9es & to give ,broad ,/reet ,/ation exclusively to ?is class ( traffic4 ,philadelphia is su* a wide-spread+ & sprawl+ t[n t ! trolley l9es h af=d$ little real rapid transit to ! outly+ sections1 :ile relief by subways & elevat$ l9es has s f> be5 meagre4 ,z a result1 a great burd5 ( int]urban z well z suburban traffic has be5 laid ^u ! railroads !re1 & !y h be5 compell$ repeat$ly to enl>ge bo? track & /ation facilities4 ,! ,ill9ois ,c5tral1 c>ry+ a heavy traffic s\? ( ,*icago1 has prep>$ plans = ! electrification ( #cbe miles ( its suburban l9es1 & radical enl>gem5t ( t]m9al facilities4 ,! ,ill9ois ,c5tral has be5 v progressive 9 its me?ods ( h&l+ ! ,commut] traffic4 ,its side-door c>s1 p]mitt+ quick load+ & unload+1 h long m>k$ a progressive /ep 9 equipm5t4 ,! ,*icago & ,nor?we/]n1 9 its spl5did new :ite m>ble t]m9al on ! ,we/ ,side ( ,*icago1 w give its *ief use t[>d ! upbuild+ ( a suburban traffic1 already /rong & well develop$4 ,! ,commut] cov]s a v>i$ zone4 ,8 /ation may be less ?an a mile f ! t]m9al & 8 home /ill )9 ! cr[d$ conf9es ( ! t[n1 or he may be ! la/ pass5g] ( ! tra9 z x rea*es ! f> end ( its suburban run4 ,! av]age commutation di/rict runs ab\t #cj miles out1 ) by f> ! heavi] "p ( ! traffic 9 ! fir/ #ae miles ( ?is4 ,mo/ ( ! railroads t clu/] 9 at ,new ,york1 h[ev]1 issue commutation tickets out ov] a #gj or #hj-mile radius4 ,"o man = _m ye>s held ! record z a long-di/ance ,commut]4 ,he pref]r$ to sleep nights )9 ! quiet conf9es ( ,philadelphia & 8 #ij-mile trip to ,new ,york1 ) a #ij-mile return at ! end ( e day became a m]e incid5t 9 8 life4 ,8 record 0 beat5 ?is ye>4 ,a man arrives & dep>ts f ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation five days out ( ! week1 :o travels #cbj miles on e "o ( !m4 ,he cat*es a fa/ tra9 f 8 home t[n at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 breakfa/s on ! tra91 & is at 8 ,new ,york (fice at #aa3cj o'clock4 ,he leaves 8 desk at #c3cj o'clock1 d9es on ! return+ express1 & is home by eight4 ,8 daily trip1 ) all incid5tal exp5ses1 aggregates m ?an #ab4jj2 s he des]ves to rank z ! ,*ampion ,commut]4 ,if few ,commut]s c approa* ! mileage record ( ?is man !re are _m :o d n hesitate at extra exp5ditures = _! com=t4 ,ab\t all ( ! be/ suburban expresses t come into ,new ,york c>ry "s sort ( club or private-p>lor c>s4 ,! club c> is "o ( ! mo/ elaborate developm5ts ( ! entire ,commut] idea4 ,x is a com=table coa*1 :i* is r5t$ to a gr\p ( responsible m5 com+ ei!r f a s+le po9t or a *a9 ( contigu\s po9ts4 ,! railroad *>ges f #bej to #cjj a mon? = ! use ( ?is c> 9 addition to ! commutation f>es1 & ! club arranges dues to cov] ?is co/ & ! co/ ( su* att5dants & supplies z x may elect to place on its rov+ h\se4 ,x mu/ gu>antee a c]ta9 numb] ( rid]s to ! railroad e trip1 s ! memb]%ip ( ! club is kept high en\gh to all[ = a reasonable p]c5tage fail+ to use ! c> daily4 ,"s railroads g at ! ?+ 9 ano!r way4 ,!y supply ! c> & its att5dants & make a mon?ly extra *>ge1 9 addition to commutation4 ,! c> is entirely fill$ ) regul> rid]s1 s x is 9 a s5se a club c>4 ,su* a c> has be5 runn+ = "s ye>s on "o ( ! suburban tra9s ( ! ,h>lem road4 ,x is unique 9 "s ways1 & 9 ^! an outgr[? ( e>ly cu/oms4 ,! fir/ ( ^! began ye>s ago1 :5 ! ,olde/ ,commut] began 8 habit ( rid+ to & f t[n 9 ! baggage-c>4 ,!re is some?+ ab\t a baggage-c> t fasc9ates ! ord9>y man travell]4 ,p]haps x is ! solemn rule ( ! railroad t attempts to prev5t him f rid+ 9 ?is =m ( conveyance4 ,at any rate 9 ?is p>ticul> case ! ,olde/ ,commut] gradually picks up an acqua9tance ) ! baggageman2 &1 presum+ ^u t acqua9tance gradually appropriates ! baggageman's old *air = 8 own use4 ,! baggageman 0 good-natur$1 = ! ,olde/ ,commut] 0 a g5]\s fell[ & nev] =got ,*ri/mas-times & ! l4 ,he got ano!r old *air f some:]e1 & all 0 well until ! ,next ,olde/ ,commut] absorb$ ! baggageman's *air1 & ! baggageman _h to br+ a ?ird into 8 c>4 ,! ,next to ! ,next ,olde/ ,commut] swall[$ t up1 & aft] a "t !re 0 a r[ ( comfy old-fa%ion$ *airs all ar\nd ! edge ( ! d+y baggage-c>1 & an atmosph]e ( smoke & good /ories t w>m$ ! cockles ( ! baggageman's he>t4 ,y c\ld h rais$ #ajj1jjj1jjj = an ent]prise f ! cr[d ( m5 :o rode regul>ly 9 t little c>1 b ! baggageman nei!r knew nor c>$ ab\t t4 ,he simply knew t !re 0 a good cr[d ( ,commut]s :o rode ) him daily4 ,aft] ano!r little "t ! railroad took cognizance ( t p>ticul> baggage-c>4 ,! g5]al pass5g] ag5t1 :o 0 a fell[ bo? wise & solemn1 talk$ ) ! g5]al manag]1 & "o day t little club ( ,commut]s _h a surprise4 ,in/ead ( _! baggage-c>1 ! d[n tra9 haul$ a bright new c> all fitt$ ) fancy ?+s--curta9s & c>pets & big /uff$ *airs1 & ! baggageman 0 rigg$ out 9 a f9e new uni=m z an att5dant4 ,! g5]al pass5g] ag5t fondly imag9$ t he _h made ! "o really happy /roke ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,he _h n4 ,8 0 a colossal mi/ake4 ,! club call$ = its baggage-c> back aga94 ,its memb]s 7 m5 :o 7 surfeit$ ) mahoganies & impressive /uff$ *airs & ?ick c>pets4 ,!y dem&$ _! old d+y c>1 ) its f\r little w9d[s1 its r\gh bo>d floor & ! wood5 arm*airs4 ,!y got x back4 ,! big1 new1 %[y c> 0 s5t (f ^u ano!r r\te2 & ! baggage-c>--itself a club to :i* _m a s\l envi\sly craves = admission--makes its run six times a week on "o ( ! fa/e/ expresses on ! l9e4 ,gr\ps ( m5 h /at]ooms regul>ly res]v$ = !m 9 ! p>lor c>s ( ! f9e/ suburban expresses1 & !re is nev] a ^w said ( :at goes on beh9d ^? clos$ doors4 ,!re come :isp]s ( antes t are z high z a *ur* /eeple1 b ! railroad does n conc]n itself ) ! morals ( its pass5g]s to ! po9t ( break+ 9 ^u clos$ doors4 ,! port]s may "k1 b ! port]s are traditionally wise & m ?an traditionally close-m\!d4 ,"o big ,new ,york editor hir$ a /at]oom = 8 daily ride 9 & out to 8 suburban home4 ,8 secret>y & 8 /5ograph] are closet$ 9 x ) him1 & on ! #ej-m9ute ride twice ea* day he dictates ! daily editorial utt]ances t delight a great congregation ( 8 read]s4 ,special tra9s = ,commut]s are no p>ticul> novelty4 ,almo/ e big sy/em has "s daily suburban tra9s t are on its work+ "t-tables & n ^u ! s*$ules t are giv5 out to ! public4 ,a gr\p ( ari/ocratic ,commut]s liv+ nor? ( ,bo/on 9 ! di/rict ar\nd ,man*e/] h _! private special into ! ,nor? ,/ation e summ] morn+4 ,x is an all-p>lor-c> tra91 ! mo/ luxuri\s suburban on ! l9e1 yet n "o ,commut] 9 a ?\s& kn[s a ?+ ab\t x4 ,a simil> tra9 arrives & dep>ts daily at ! ,s\? ,/ation4 ,o!rs are 9 s]vice out ( ,new ,york4 ,y c buy bo? exclusiv5ess & elegance f ! railroad4 ,! ,commut] is n m conc]n$ ab\t t #e3cg ?an is ! railroad4 ,x makes tra9 & ,commut] bo? its conc]n1 because t is ! way x seeks to build up its pr(itable suburban traffic4 ,we are gett+ m ( ! city out into ! c\ntry ea* ye>1 says a big suburban pass5g] ag5t2 & ) ! wide increase 9 ! use ( electricity z a motive p[] = ! /&>d railroads ?is bus9ess is b\nd = increases t we c h>dly =esee to-day4 ,i ?9k t ,i am q safe 9 pr$ict+ t ano!r decade w see ! belt ( f #cj to #ej miles outside ( ,new ,york t]m9als z ?ickly settl$ z ! belt f #aj to #cj miles is to-day settl$4 ,! railroad]s h done _! "p by exp5sive increase 9 t]m9al & track facilities2 !y h help$ ! real-e/ate m5 9 _! broad adv]tis+ ( ! possibilities ( suburban life3 ! h>ve/ is all t n[ rema9s to be reap$4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,freight ,,traffic ,,income ,,f ,,freight ,,traffic ,,great] ,,?an ,,f ,,pass5g]--,,competition ,,9 ,,freight ,,rates--,,aft]w>ds ,a ,,/&>d ,,rate-,,%eet--,,rate-,,w>s ,,virtually ,,end$ ,,by ,,! ,,int]/ate ,,comm]ce ,,commission ,,classification ,,( ,,freight ,,into ,,gr\ps--,,diff]5tial ,,freight ,,rates--,,demurrage ,,= ,,delay ,,9 ,,empty+ ,,c>s--,,coal ,,traffic--,,mod]n ,,me?ods ,,( ,,h&l+ ,,l>d ,,& ,,o!r ,,freight4 ,9 ,engl& !y speak ( x z goods & reg>d x z almo/ a m9or factor 9 ! conduct ( _! railways4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x is freight-traffic1 & is ! ?+ f :i* ! railroads d]ive by f> ! great] "p ( _! rev5ues4 ,9 ,engl& x is repres5t$ by delici\s little trails ( goods-wagons1 f\r-:eel]s ( f five to eight or n9e or t5 tons' capacity1 ! goods (t5 left expos$ to ! rigors ( w9t]1 save = possibly a t>paul9 cov]+2 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 fa/-freights & sl[-freights cr[d ^u "o ano!r's heels2 ! sixty-ton /eel c> has long s9ce come into its own4 ,if y d n realize ! importance ( ! freight traffic1 y %\ld talk to ^? %rewd old s\ls 9 ,wall ,/reet :o measure a c>ri]1 n by its ticket sales1 b by t fasc9at+ ?+ t !y call tonnage2 y %\ld g out ^u ! l9e & ask any op]at+ man h[ 8 t]ritory is hold+ up 9 traffic4 ,he w answ] y 9 tons1 9 freight-c>s mov$ )9 a s+le tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,if y are /ill unconv9c$1 g to ! pass5g] man y "k be/4 ,he w tell y t :ile he is plead+ va9ly ) ! bigge/ boss ( all = "s new ,limit$1 eight or t5 pass5g] c>s all told1 "s %\ld]+ freight-hu/l] has be5 welcom$ into ! inn] sanctum & comes out ) an ,o4 ,k4 = #hjj or #a1jjj box-c>s or gondolas 9 8 fi/1 a doz5 new freight-pull+ locomotives 9 addition1 = good measure4 ,!re is y\r answ]4 ,! pass5g] t]m9als may h all ! magnific5ce 9 :i* we h se5 !m1 b ! freight t]m9als are ! real core ( a railroad's entrance into any t[n4 ,= :5 y come to ev5 ! r\ghe/ figures1 y f9d t 9 extreme cases--su* z ! ,new ,hav5's1 :]e !re is a conge/$ t]ritory1 closely fill$ ) ?ickly populat$ cities & t[ns--! pass5g] receipts w h>dly d m ?an approa* a balance ) ^? f freight4 ,9 "s cases ! pass5g] e>n+s are h>dly #be p] c5t ( ! railroad's entire income2 & cases l ^! are m common ?an ! ,new ,hav51 hold+ ,new ,engl& z its own pr9cipality4 ,wond] n t ,wall ,/reet looks askance at any new l9e until x c prove itself able to develop tra9-load--freight traffic1 measur$ 9 ?\s&s ( tons4 ,y\r g5]al freight ag5t1 :o is a sort ( (ficial c\s9 to ! g5]al pass5g] ag5t1 is ! man :o /udies tonnage4 ,m likely 9 ^! days ( ! exaltation ( titles1 he is ! freight traffic-manag]1 ) a gr\p ( subord9ates ar\nd him & a traffic-skirmi%+ corps out on 8 own road & ! o!r connect+ roads1 :o are mak+ fri5ds ) %ipp]s1 j z ! "y travell+ pass5g] ag5ts r\nd up ! !atrical manag]s & ! bre?r5 f ! lodges4 ,! travell+ freight ag5ts hang ar\nd sid+s & brea! affection = manufactur]s & :olesal]s2 !y welcome to _! v arms ! bus9ess traffic-manag]s1 :o are really glorifi$ %ipp+ cl]ks = great big conc]ns4 ,& :ile !y cultivate ! road 9 detail1 _! big boss /udies ! t]ritory 9 g5]al4 ,! trade pap]s & ! m>ket bullet9s litt] 8 desk2 he c tell y /r5g? or weakness 9 ?is ?+ or t--:y cotton is (f1 & :eat ru%+ upw>ds4 ,moreov]1 ! freight traffic-manag]1 himself1 is n above fri5d%ips4 ,he w pack 8 own ev5+ suit into a bag & g #ejj miles will+ly to give %ipp]s 8 own private explanation ( ! national rate complication4 ,did we say rate complication8 ,t seems almo/ too simple a "n = ! subtle & intricate /ructure :i* tells u h[ mu* we mu/ pay ! railroad = ! transportation ( our goods4 ,:5 we 7 visit+ ! pass5g] (fice1 we saw some?+ ( ! "w ( ! rate-cl]ks !re4 ,we le>n$ t1 9 fact1 ! railroad creates v>i\s classes ( rates 9 ! fir/ place2 local or r\nd-trip tickets1 at1 say1 ?ree c5ts a mile = occasional travell]s2 mileage books = m con/ant travell]s1 :i* br+ a :olesale rate ( two c5ts a mile2 a ?ird & l[e/ rate ( some?+ less ?an a c5t = t urbane s\l1 ! ,commut]4 ,= excursions1 :]e _m1 _m p]sons 7 to be mov$ at "o "t1 p]haps ^u a s+le tra91 o!r v l[ pass5g] rates 7 creat$4 ,we also saw h[ ! railroad1 try+ to base its pass5g] *>ges on ! numb] ( miles cov]$1 is compell$ to make delicate adju/m5ts on ?r\gh *>ges betwe5 competitive po9ts4 ,we speak ( ^! ?+s n[1 because 9 a way ! pass5g] t>iff resembles ! freight1 & yet comp>es ) x z a *ild's prim] ) a ,greek lexicon4 ,9 an e>li] day ! ?+ 0 v mu* worse4 ,9 fact1 at ! v beg9n+ !re 0 no real sci5tific way 9 :i* ! railroad might regulate its *>ges1 & on "s ( ! v e>lie/ ( /eel highways ! rates 7 made j half :at !y _h be5 on ! toll-roads1 & )\t reg>d to ! co/ ( transportation4 ,?us ! competitive feature _h its way e>ly 9 ! =mulation ( a rate-%eet2 & !re is evid5ce to ass]t t 9 ^? e>ly days :5 ! railroad _h an opportunity x made its t>iff z high z x ?\ght folk w\ld /& )\t a riot1 & ?us ! n[ hi/oric phrase :at ! traffic w be> came into co9age4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 9 ^? days :5 sci5tific bookkeep+ 0 unkn[n ! railroad _h no way ( accurately kn[+ j h[ mu* x co/ to op]ate1 & h[ t co/ %\ld be fairly apportion$ betwe5 ! diff]5t classes ( its traffic4 ,! ?+ w5t f bad to worse z ! great l& c>ri]s develop$4 ,ea* made its rate-%eet accord+ to its own sweet w2 x classifi$ freight precisely z x pleas$1 & ! man d[n 9 ,new ,orleans s5d+ goods to ,new ,hamp%ire 0 puzzl$ z to ! *>ges t w\ld accrue ^u 8 %ipm5t :5 x f9ally rea*$ ! nor!a/]n corn] ( ! c\ntry4 ,! competitive feature grew to be ! /ronge/ 9 ! mak+ ( ! rate-%eet1 unless x 0 ! subtle influ5ce ( ! railroad's favor$ fri5ds1 an influ5ce t %[$ its ugly head (t5] 9 ! practice ( rebat+ ?an any:]e else4 ,! fi]ce competition t rul$ betwe5 ! railroads 9 ! sev5ties has nev] be5 approa*$ at ano!r "t4 ,ru9\s rate-w> aft] rate-w> foll[$ ^u ea* o!r's heels1 & little roads kept dropp+ into bankruptcy1 "o aft] ano!r4 ,!re 0 a "t 9 #ahgg :5 a man might %ip a c>load ( live-/ock free f ,*icago to ,pittsburgh1 f ,*icago away ?r\gh to ,new ,york = five doll>s2 & !re is h>dly a m exp5sive commodity = ! railroad to h&le1 ?an cattle4 ,to appreciate :at ^! w>s meant to ! c>ri]s1 be> 9 m9d t ! week aft] ?is p>ticul> "o 0 settl$ x co/ ! old rate--#aaj a c>--to %ip cattle f ,*icago to ,new ,york4 ,out ( su* gu]illa w>f>e came ! "o possible ?+--cop]ation4 ,! railroads 7 n !n big en\gh to consolidate _! prop]ties1 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan _h n !n develop$ 8 f9e art ( weld+ !m toge!r4 ,s !y did ! next be/ ?+ & made secret contracts--pool+4 ,t is1 !y e/abli%$ a /&>d rate-%eet 9 _! mutual t]ritories & b\nd !mselves to abide by x = a c]ta9 l5g? ( "t4 ,!y figur$ out _! relative p]c5tages ( bus9ess at ! beg9n+ ( any agreem5t1 & took f ! comb9$ e>n+s ( ! pool1 ! same p]c5tages ( receipts4 ,! bitt] outcry t w5t up across ! l& aga9/ pool+ /ill e*oes4 ,t practice ) ano!r n[ also prohibit$--rebat+--really gave bir? to gov]nm5tal regulation ( railroads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,inside ,,( ,,any ,,freight-,,h\se ,,is ,a ,,busy ,,place ,illu/ration3 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,p>k1 ,,! ,,great ,,freight-,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,railroad ,,9 ,,d[n-,,t[n ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,ore-,,docks ,,( ,,! ,,we/ ,,%ore ,,railroad ,,at ,,buffalo ,9 #ahhg ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission 0 born1 & ru9\s rate-w>r+ practically came to an end4 ,! ,commission requir$ ! railroads to file ) x copies ( all _! rate-%eets1 bo? freight & pass5g]1 & ord]$ t 9 almo/ e case ?irty days' notice %\ld be giv5 ( any *ange 9 ! t>iff4 ,?is meant t ! old practice ( te>+ a rate-%eet ap>t 9 a s+le night1 s z to jab vitally into ! he>t ( a competitor1 0 at an end4 ,& a dignifi$ rate-w>1 ) ! oppon5ts giv+ ?irty days' advance notice ( _! /rategic int5tions1 is almo/ an impossibility4 ,n[ come to ! pres5t4 ,! freight-rate sy/em ( to-day is intricate1 fe>fully intricate1 b x is a sy/em4 ,x beg9s by classify+ all mann] ( freight into gr\ps1 = x mu/ be app>5t to any "o t to ! railroad ! co/ ( h&l+ diff]5t commodities mu/ v>y trem5d\sly4 ,sev]al factors make = su* v>iation3 ! value ( ! %ipm5t & ! degree ( risk = its safe transportation t ! railroad mu/ assume2 its bulk1 its weight1 & ! co/ ( h&l+ at t]m9als1 z well z ! co/ ( any special equipm5t t may be necess>y to c>ry x ov] ! rails4 ,no "o w\ld expect a railroad to haul a box-c> fill$ ) sev]al hundr$ ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( silk = ! same price t x haul$ ! same c> fill$ ) coke4 ,s ! railroad has gr\p$ its freight into six g5]al classes--v>y+ f ! mo/ difficult & exp5sive to h&le d[n to ! easie/ & ! *eape/2 & ! rates = ^! six diff]5t classes also run 9 a r\gh proportion4 ,"s #h1jjj articles1 rang+ f ars5ic to /ep-ladd]s & f ,*ri/mas trees to locomotives1 are gr\p$ into ^! classes4 ,into !m has gone ab\t ev]y?+ t ! railroad w h&le1 save coal & a few o!r specialties :i* are rat$ z specific commodities & h special publi%$ rates4 ,s a man %ipp+ fea!r du/]s f ,s\? ,brooklyn to ,ogd5sburg1 ,n4 ,y41 w\ld f9d t !y came "u ,class #a1 & t he w\ld h to pay #dd c5ts a hundr$ p\nds = ! haul4 ,if he 0 %ipp+ /eel beams betwe5 ! same po9ts he w\ld f9d !m "u ,class #d & he w\ld f9d ! t>iff at #bc c5ts a hundr$4 ,^! six classes h be5 made /&>d ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry by all ! railroads 9 cop]ation4 ,! roads nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv] & ea/ ( ! ,mississippi use ! s-call$ ,(ficial ,classification2 s\? ( ! ,ohio & /ill ea/ ( ! ,mississippi1 ! ,s\!rn ,classification2 :ile all ^? we/ ( ! ,mississippi use ! ,we/]n ,classification4 ,s ! %ipp] is no long] 9 mu* d\bt 9 ^! matt]s1 p>ticul>ly 9 view ( ! fact t ! ?ree classifications are v mu* ! same 9 all save m9or details4 ,s mu* = ! classification at ?is mom5t4 ,x is q simple :5 y come to place x beside ! t>iff %eets !mselves1 ! pr9t$ =m ( an intricate /ructure1 s great z to be almo/ %ad[y 9 its work+s4 ,y ask a freight traffic-manag] ab\t rates4 ,he is a skill$ man1 a man skill$ 9 ! economics ( common c>ri]s1 & he tries 8 be/ to expla9 simply to y ! bas+ *>ges = ! transportation ( commodities4 ,our rates1 he says1 are =m$ by _m ?+s4 ,9 a g5]al way1 by ! competitive t]ritory into :i* we g1 & 9 specific cases by ! volume ( bus9ess t comes or goes f a s+le po9t4 ,! direction ( ! movem5t1 includ+ :e!r c>s mu/ return empty or load$1 is ano!r factor4 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 !re is ! great factor to :i* bo? pass5g] & freight rates mu/ comply--! necessity = ! railroad e>n+ m ?an x pays out4 ,acwor?1 ! ,engli% economi/1 says t a railroad mu/ pay = ?ree ?+s1 ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ ! organization1 t ( ma9ta9+ ! plant1 & t ( do+ ! "w4 ,our rev5ues1 f "o s\rce or ano!r1 mu/ meet t triple exp5se4 ,ask ?is big freight-man ab\t *>g+ :at ! traffic w be> & he looks griev$4 ,he turns ab\t %>ply & asks y3 ,! e>n+-%eets ( e railroad are public & !y w %[ y t !y are b mak+ exp5ses1 9 a few cases pay+ ab\t half ! divid5ds t a heal?y national bank or tru/ company or manufactur+ ent]prise might be expect$ to return to its inve/ors4 ,t makes x look z if we _h begun to get "s sort ( sci5tific adju/m5t betwe5 exp5se & rev5ue1 does x n8 ,y dodge ! po9t4 ,y h no desire to qu>rel or to delve into high railroad f9ance1 & s y say y simply want to "k ab\t rates4 ,x's a little simpl] ?an ,sanscrit1 says ! freight-man4 ,we beg9 to figure on common or bas+ po9ts-- ,y int]rupt & inquire z to :at a common po9t really is4 ,!n ! traffic exp]t gets d[n to prim] talk & beg9s to expla9 ! ?+ to y\r real und]/&+4 ,x seems t "s ye>s ago1 :5 ! railroads fir/ pool$ !y _h to f9d an equitable me?od ( mak+ a rate-%eet4 ,ev]ybody made sugge/ions1 & a ,p5nsylvania freight-cl]k1 nam$ ,james ,mc,graham1 made ! "r "o4 ,x 0 adopt$ & became ! /&>d ( to-day--:i* goes to %[ t good c sometimes come out ( iniquity4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t1 ! rate = ea* ( ! six diff]5t classes & all ! special commodities1 betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago 0 made #ajj p] c5t4 ,o!r t[ns1 bo? fur!r & less di/ant f ,new ,york ?an ,*icago 7 giv5 proportionate p]c5tages1 ,/4 ,l\is be+ fix$ at #aag1 ,pittsburg #fj1 ,clevel& #ga1 ,detroit #gh1 ,indianapolis #ic1 ,peoria #aaj1 & ,gr& ,rapids at #ajj--! same z ,*icago4 ,at ! ea/]n end ( ?is p>ticul> bit ( t]ritory--! ,(ficial ,classification--a r$uction ( two or ?ree c5ts a hundr$ 0 made f ! ,new ,york rates 9 favor ( ,baltimore & ,philadelphia1 a correspond+ addition ( two or ?ree c5ts to meet ! increas$ haul to ,bo/on4 ,no matt] h[ y %ip freight1 ^! rates n[ hold /&>d1 z long z ! railroads rema9 fai?ful to _! traffic associations4 ,y may %ip f ,indianapolis to ,new ,york by way ( ,clevel& & ,albany1 by ,m>ion & ,salamanca1 by ,columbus & ,pittsburgh1 or by ,c9c9nati & ,p>k]sburg1 & al?\gh !re is q a wide v>iance 9 mileage betwe5 ^! r\tes1 ! rate is ! same on all ! diff]5t roads t g to =m !m4 ,?is /&>d1 simple z ?+s g 9 freight-rates1 0 n adopt$ 9 a mom5t4 ,bitt] cont5tions on ! "p ( cities & ( %ipp]s _h to be settl$ be=e x rul$4 ,aft] x rul$1 x 0 easy = ea* road to build its own t>iff ^u x4 ,toge!r ^! =m a va/ /ructure1 "o t is con/antly *ang+1 z "o road or ano!r *anges its t>iff "u ! pressure ( %ipp]s or ( civic bodies1 or possibly a desire to e/abli% m equitable s*$ules2 & ! "w ^! *anges make c be imag9$ :5 x is /at$ t a s+le "o ( !m 9 ! ,(ficial ,classification t]ritory causes m ?an eight ?\s& *anges 9 ! rate-%eets ( ! railroads4 ,! *oos+ ( ,*icago z ! "o hundr$ p] c5t city 9 ! nor!a/]n t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates repeat$ ! complim5t to h] pr[ess z a traffic city1 t ! great y>ds :i* h$ge h] 9 = miles h paid h] = _m ye>s4 ,%e is "o ( ! v greate/ bas+ po9ts1 :]e multiple rates or p]c5tages are built f ! s+le4 ,mo/ ( ! v important comm]cial cities %>e ?is di/9ction1 :i* is fur!r %>$ sometimes by comp>atively unimportant po9ts t happ5 to be ! t]m9als ( r important railroads4 ,?us we f9d ,c9c9nati & ,h5d]son1 ,l\isville & ,evansville1 ,/4 ,l\is & ,dav5port1 ,*icago & ,peoria1 ,omaha & ,si\x ,city1 ,kansas ,city & ,leav5wor?1 all possess+ ?is railroad di/9ction4 ,s mu* = ! /&>d rates4 ,j z c]ta9 railroad l9es runn+ f ,new ,york to ,*icago are p]mitt$ to *>ge two doll>s less = tickets ?an o!r /&>d l9es1 because ( sl[] runn+ "t1 s does ! same factor make a diff]5tial 9 freight rates4 ,big roads boa/ t !y c haul ! fir/-class freight--! pref]5ce freights--f "o city to ! o!r 9 sixty h\rs4 ,o!rs take a long] "t1 & are p]mitt$ by _! l>g] competitors to make _! prices a %ade l[] because ( sl[] runn+ "t 9 freight s]vice4 ,su* a diff]5tial is ! ,gr& ,trunk1 h&l+ ,new ,york-,*icago freight by a r\ndab\t r\te1 f ,new ,york by wat] to ,new ,london1 ,conn41 & !nce ov] ! ,c5tral ,v]mont up into ,canada & ! ,gr& ,trunk's ma9 l9e4 ,obvi\sly su* a long] r\te adds to ! runn+-"t & w\ld be at a ke5 disadvantage 9 secur+ travel1 )\t a l[] rate z bait = ! %ipp]4 ,we h us$ ,new ,york-,*icago diff]5tials simply z illu/rative cases4 ,! diff]5tials are apt to be f\nd 9 any corn] ( ! c\ntry :]e !re are long hauls & a numb] ( railroads fight+ to secure !m4 ,b ! ,gr& ,trunk z a factor 9 ,*icago traffic to & f ,bo/on br\ght "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ int]e/+ decisions f ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission4 ,/4 ,albans1 ,vt41 compla9$ to t bo>d t its local freight rate by ,bo/on ,ma9e & ,c5tral ,v]mont f ,bo/on 0 high] ?an ! ?r\gh rate f ,bo/on to ,*icago4 ,on ! face ( x1 x seem$ z if ju/ice mu/ h re/$ ) ,/4 ,albans1 b ! railroad 0 able to prove its case & w9 a decision4 ,x %[$ t x c\ld n live on %ipm5ts betwe5 ,bo/on & ,/4 ,albans & o!r local non-competitive po9ts1 or on ! bus9ess int]*ang$ betwe5 ^! po9ts4 ,to e>n its bread & butt] x mu/ fight = ! ri* ,*icago traffic2 & to be 9 a position to fight = t traffic1 despite "s disadvantage ( location1 x mu/ make v l[ rates4 ,x prov$ t ^! l[ rates 7 possible = bus9ess t w5t ?r\gh 9 solid tra9s1 l ,bo/on-,*icago traffic1 & t ea* ( ^! tra9s e>n$ its proportion ( ! railroad's pr(it4 ,= :5 y come to h&le freight at ,/4 ,albans1 m p>ticul>ly ! case 9 /ill small] t[ns1 y br+ on a new traffic exp5se1 & because ( ?is exp5se we get :at is kn[n z back haul4 ,on ! back haul small t[ns suff] & mu/ probably cont9ue to suff] until a /ill m equitable sy/em ( railroad rates c be devis$4 ,sometimes x may come ab\t 9 su* a case at ! ,/4 ,albans "o j cit$2 9 o!r times because ( wat] competition1 z 9 ! fam\s ,spokane case1 to :i* we %all aga9 ref]2 & sometimes x is m]ely an arbitr>y *>ge laid by ! railroad4 ,9 su* cases ! railroad reasons t x w\ld co/1 9 "t & tra9 delay t5 doll>s = e doll>'s wor? ( freight swit*$ (f & deliv]$ at c]ta9 small t[ns2 & s x figures ^u haul+ to ! ne>e/ l>ge division po9t ) l>ge y>ds1 & s5d+ x back f !re on a way-tra94 ,:5 su* a small t[n is ne>] ! division y>d at ! f> end ( ! r\te ! back haul *>ge develops1 & ! small t[n mu/ gr9 & be> x4 ,if ! small t[ns & ! small cities1 ) _! vigor\s organizations1 beg9 to compla9 too bitt]ly ( ! pres5t sy/em1 ! traffic exp]ts w turn to !m & say3 ,devise a bett] sy/em4 ,p]haps y w\ld l ! ,au/ralian sy/em1 :]e ! *>ges dim9i% p] mile1 = ea* additional mile cov]$ by a consignm5t8 ,t may look good to ! ,secret>y ( ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 :o has come d[n to headqu>t]s ) wra? 9 8 eyes2 x looks absolutely equitable to e "o2 & he nods yes4 ,! traffic-manag] gleams ) joy4 ,8 qu>ry has /epp$ into ! trap4 ,he turns ^u him4 ,:]e w\ld y\r d&y little t[n ( #ce1jjj cont5t$ folks be "u ! ,au/ralian sy/em8 he dem&s4 ,! ,au/ralian sy/em w\ld conc5trate all bus9ess at wat] traffic po9ts1 along ! seabo>d & ! great lakes & riv]s2 x w\ld conc5trate all manufactur+ at ! po9ts f :i* comes ! raw mat]ial4 ,:]e w\ld ! sev5 :olesal]s ( y\r t[n t we are all s pr\d ( be locat$ "u ! ,au/ralian plan8 ,if ! railroads 7 to adopt x1 x w\ld save millions ( doll>s 9 bookkeep+ alone1 b !re w\ld n be an int]ior di/ribut+ po9t 9 ! entire c\ntry4 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,c4 ( ,c4 is flu/]$4 ,he 0 a "y newspap] report] be=e he rea*$ 8 pres5t high e/ate4 ,he fl\nd]s4 ,! traffic man is a man ( ready wit & ev5 readi] figures4 ,/ill ! "y ,secret>y feels t he mu/ %[ a few gra9s ( wisdom1 & s he g5tly makes inquiry ab\t ! ,spokane case4 ,t ,spokane case1 also a fam\s decision ( ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 %[s ano!r factor 9 railroad rate-mak+1 ! s]i\s influ5ce ( wat] competition4 ,indirectly x also includes ! pr9ciple ( ! back haul4 ,spokane1 :i* is mu* ne>] ,*icago ?an ,seattle1 01 l ,/4 ,albans1 pay+ a high] rate = ! %ort haul ?an ,seattle 0 pay+ = a mu* long] haul4 ,b ,seattle is a prosp]\s port1 & if ! railroad did n make a v l[ rate to x1 all ! sl[ freight w\ld g to x by wat]1 :]e mu* l[] transportation exp5se inv>iably makes mu* l[] rates1 & ! railroad1 to save its own sk91 z x 71 mu/ make a l[ ?r\gh rate !re1 *>g+ a back haul or high] rate to ,spokane f ! l>ge ea/]n po9ts4 ,if x *>g$ ,spokane a proportionate rate ( ! "o to ,seattle1 :i* w\ld !n be l[]1 all ! o!r inl& t[ns w\ld dem& ! same privilege1 & ! railroad w\ld !n be haul+ prop]ty at a loss--a bus9ess :i* c h b "o inevitable result4 ,y see h[ complicat$ x all is1 ! traffic manag] tells ! "y ,secret>y1 & h[ we mu/ use judgm5t all ! :ile4 ,we've got to figure individual co/ = c]ta9 di/ances & localities & directions ( traffic1 figure 9 ! v>y+ co/ ( h&l+ diff]5t sorts ( freight1 & !n put 9 a p]c5tage ( ! g5]al co/ ( ! bus9ess1 j z ! re/aurant-keep] makes ea* patron pay proportionately = ! co/ ( bread & butt]1 heat1 light1 s]vice & r5t1 no matt] h[ l>ge or h[ small 8 *eck may be on any "o occasion4 ,we mu/ use judgm5t1 & we mu/ make rates to keep ! goods mov+ all ! :ile4 ,suppose t bo? nails & cr[b>s are made 9 ,pittsburgh & only nails are made at ,williamsport4 ,suppose !n t ! rate f ,pittsburgh to ,new ,york = bo? cr[b>s & nails is fifty c5ts a hundr$1 b t ! rate f ,williamsport to ,new ,york 0 b #ch c5ts4 ,:at *ance w\ld ! nail manufactur] 9 ,pittsburgh h aga9/ 8 competitor 9 ,williamsport1 :5 bo? m5 are mak+ annually nails 9 t5s ( ?\s&s ( tons8 ,x is to help ! ,pittsburgh man t we make a special #ch-;c5t rate on nails f 8 t[n to ,new ,york2 & :5 we keep fil+ ^! commodity rates at ,wa%+ton1 y\r %ipp]s ask :y we c't h a /&>d rate-%eet1 or ! ,au/ralian sy/em4 ,! next "t "s "o ( !m f9ds t he _c sell pl\gh %>es 9 ,texas because a man d[n 9 ,=t ,wayne has him beat5 on /&>d rates1 y wat* him hurry "h & ask = a special "o4 ,x is out ( ?is clamor & cont5tion ( almo/ myriad int]e/s1 ! ambitions ( j su* ?riv+ little cities z y\r own1 out ( ! skill$ argum5ts ( bra9y m5 t ! rate-%eet is born & kept liv+ 9 a /ate ( p]petual heal?y *ange4 ,we are tir$ ( rates & ! factors t g to make !m1 & inquire :at is ! ,a1 ,b1 ,c ( a freight transaction betwe5 ! railroad & a %ipp]4 ,! traffic-man makes x q cle> to u4 ,:5 "o ( our ag5ts receives a consignm5t ( freight1 he says1 he imm$iately issues a bill ( lad+ to ! %ipp]1 or consignor1 z a receipt & z a contract = ! %ipm5t4 ,f 8 duplicate ( ?is bill ( lad+ he makes out a way-bill1 or manife/1 :i* w accompany ! c> until ! freight rea*es its de/9ation4 ,?is way-bill describes ! %ipm5t & ! c> into :i* x has be5 load$1 specifies ! %ipp+ po9t & ! de/9ation1 ! consignor & ! consignee1 ! rate & :e!r or n ! *>ges h be5 paid 9 advance or are to be collect$ at de/9ation4 ,a copy ( ?is way-bill is giv5 to ! freight-conductor1 :o gives ! /ation ag5t a receipt = ! consignm5t4 ,at t place ( de/9ation a freight-bill1 conta9+ a description ( ! %ipm5t simil> to t ( ! way-bill1 & %[+ 9 addition ! total *>ge collect$ or to be paid1 is r5d]$ to ! consignee1 & 8 receipt is tak5 = ! %ipm5t :5 x is deliv]$4 ,x seems q simple1 y brea! s(tly4 ,x is n1 is 8 reply1 = x has its complications4 ,i'll %[ y "o ( !m4 ,we /ep ?r\gh sw++ doors ( gre5 baize & = a mom5t f a traffic into an op]at+ dep>tm5t1 b an op]at+ dep>tm5t t = ! tell+ 9 a "w ( ?is sort is be/ alli$ ) ! /ory ( ! freight traffic4 ,! traffic-manag] po9ts to a man sitt+ at a squ>e & litt]$ desk1 8 ?\ghts ) /urdy int5t ^u ! mass ( correspond5ce :i* he is quickly sift+4 ,he is ! be/ c>-s]vice man 9 ! c\ntry1 says our guide2 & y recall :5 y 7 9 ! auditor's (fice1 t an acc\nt+ 0 be+ kept betwe5 ! l9es = ! use ( "o ano!r's c>s t w5t on ?r\gh runs (f ^u /range or =eign l9es4 ,! traffic-man cont9ues3 ,ours is n a big road1 z "s roads g4 ,yet we receive ab\t #dj1jjj c>s a mon? &1 ( c\rse1 deliv] some?+ l ! same numb] 9 ! same ?irty days4 ,yet !re is n an h\r ( any day ( ! mon? t ?is man _c tell :]e any "o ( ^! c>s is1 j h[ long x has be5 ^u our tracks1 j h[ mu* free "t ! consignee has = unload+ x1 or j h[ mu* he w h to pay ! railroad = 8 delay 9 empty+ x1 s x c get back into s]vice once aga94 ,t wait+ *>ge1 ! traffic-man expla9s1 is kn[n 9 ! p>lance ( 8 bus9ess z demurrage2 & x is ano!r ke5 example ( ! con/ant use to :i* a railroad puts its equipm5t1 ( ! trem5d\s economy t is beg9n+ to be practis$ 9 ! mod]n sci5ce ( railroad+4 ,y are introduc$ to ! c>-s]vice man1 b5d l[ ov] 8 desk z he expla9s a bit ( 8 "w to y4 ,"h1 = example1 is a c> fill$ ) automobiles b\nd f ,detroit to a deal] 9 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 ,?is c>1 9 a tra9 ( "s #fj o!rs1 leaves ,detroit ea/-b\nd ov] ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral ,railroad4 ,at ,buffalo x is swit*$ to ! tracks ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! second day x arrives at ,r5ssela]1 across ! ,hudson ,riv] f ,albany1 & is giv5 ov] to ! ,bo/on ,albany ,railroad4 ,to make a concrete in/ance1 let u see h[ ! ,b4 ,a4 h&les ! ?+ ?r\gh its c>-s]vice dep>tm5t4 ,t dep>tm5t sw+s into quick action automatically1 z soon z ! c> /rikes ,b4 ,a4 rails at ,r5ssela]4 ,! freight ag5t !re makes a note ( ! c> & its cont5ts f ! way-bill :i* accompanies x2 makes special note1 p]haps1 ( ! fact t x is a c> design$ p>ticul>ly = ! transportation ( automobiles4 ,n[ let u presume t ?is big box-c> is own$ by ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral4 ,! ,bo/on ,albany w pay t own] railroad #ce c5ts a day r5tal--p] diem1 9 ! phraseology ( ! railroads--= ! "t x is ^u ,b4 ,a4 rails4 ,!re are at t v "t p]haps hundr$s ( ,b4 ,a4 c>s on ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral1 & at ! end ( #cj days ^! acc\nts & _m1 _m o!rs are s5t to ! auditor's dep>tm5t1 :]e !y are balanc$ betwe5 ! roads ) ! g5]al freight & pass5g] acc\nts4 ,?is movem5t ( freight c>s makes a valuable b>omet] ( ! g5]al condition ( bus9ess4 ,! daily pap]s h a cu/om ( mak+ national compilations ( c>-s]vice reports "p ( _! mo/ int]e/+ m>ket news4 ,9 dull seasons ! c>s come home f long s]vice on o!r roads4 ,b 9 v busy seasons all roads h little compunction ab\t borr[+ =eign c>s = use 9 _! local s]vice4 ,) %ipp]s begg+ c>s f e qu>t] & ?reat5+ all mann] ( dire ?+s1 #ce c5ts daily is a small r5tal to pay = ! use ( a roomy c>4 ,besides1 ! o!r fell[s are all do+ ! same ?+1 & no "o road c hope to get all its c>s back ev5 ) ! use ( a vigilant corps ( "y m5 :o se>* =eign y>ds4 ,b 9 ! dull seasons !y come trundl+ home1 l lo/ cattle f9d+ ! big b>n once aga94 ,9 ! bus9ess depression ( #aijg1 a ,we/]n c>-s]vice man receiv$ c>s t _h be5 abs5t f ! home road = sev5 ye>s4 ,we turn f ! c>-s]vice m5 back into a dep>tm5t t is /rictly traffic4 ,coal s]vice is "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces ( income = ?is p>ticul> railroad4 ,x /ret*es "s ( its bran*es into bitum9\s fields1 & o!rs ?r\gh ! an?racite fields t ,nature1 9 "s freaki% mood1 implant$ 9 j a few c\nties ( ,nor!a/]n ,p5nsylvania4 ,t entire c\ntry is comp>able to a cut ( beef1 ! coal ve9s resembl+ /reaks ( fat t run hi!r & ?i!r4 ,z 9 beef1 ! lean pr$om9ates4 ,! fat /reaks are ! valuable coal ve9s1 ! lean ! e>?1 slate & rock 9 :i* ! coal 0 plant$ dur+ "s great convulsion ( ,nature 9 ! process ( ! creation ( ! _w4 ,h[ x got into ?is p>ticul> spot sci5ce _c tell4 ,:at x is1 fur!r ?an ! fact t x is mo/ly c>bon1 sci5ce only guesses4 ,x guesses t x 0 orig9ally bitum9\s coal & t by "s process ( int5se squeez+ 9 an upheaval ( ,nature1 ! oil & t> & gas ( ! bitum9\s coal 0 squeez$ out & ! mu* m valuable an?racite deposits creat$4 ,m9+ consi/s 9 gett+ ! /reaks ( fat an?racite out ( ! bulk ( lean e>? & rock4 ,! ve9s run well d[n into ! m\nta9s1 &1 z d ! little /reaks ( fat1 lose !mselves 9 ! rock1 or lean1 to cont9ue ! simile4 ,"s ( ! ve9s are b a few feet 9 ?ickness1 :ile "s run to z high z tw5ty & ?irty feet1 &1 z a rule1 ! f>!r d[n into ! e>? !y g ! bett] ! coal2 & ! f>!r d[n y g ! m difficult & exp5sive is ! m9+4 ,n[1 "h is a traffic t dem&s & receives special att5tion4 ,9 o!r days ! m9+ ( an?racite coal 01 itself1 m]ely a dep>tm5t ( op]at+ = ! half-doz5 sy/ems t /ret*$ _! rails into t valuable ,p5nsylvania corn]4 ,t "w has n[ be5 remov$ into ! control ( sep>ate m9+ companies2 b ! h&l+ ( coal is a great function ( n only ^! roads1 b ( ! sy/ems t rea* _! t5drils into ! valuable bitum9\s fields "h & !re ab\t ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,bridge ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,at ,,watk9s ,,gl5 ,illu/ration3 ,,build+ ,,! ,,wond]ful ,,bridge ,,( ,,! ,,idaho ,,wa%+ton ,,nor!rn ,,ov] ,,! ,,p5d ,,oreille ,,riv]1 ,,wa%+ton ,to fill ! coal-b9s ( ,new ,york ,city alone1 requires "s #aj1ejj1jjj tons ( an?racite ye>ly4 ,n[ y cease to wond] :y ?is road has a coal traffic exp]t1 a man ( surpass+ly good sal>y4 ,he keeps ke5 ov]sight ov] ! op]at+ dep>tm5t 9 its h&l+ ( ?is giant traffic1 sees to x t ! tra9s come ov] ! m\nta9s & into ! great t]m9als at ,j]sey ,city 9 good ord]1 & t ! railroad's m>9e dep>tm5t is ready ) tugs & sc[s & light]s to h&le ! product z x comes 91 9 ?\s&s ( tons e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,?is w\ld all be q simple if ! tra9s & ! boats 7 always runn+ on s*$ule4 ,b ! unexpect$ con/antly comes to pass 9 railroad+1 & s ! railroads provide aga9/ em]g5cies by e/abli%+ great coal /orage plants outside ( ,new ,york & o!r l>ge cities--communities t w\ld be 9 dire di/ress if _! coal supply 7 cut %ort ev5 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,sometimes ab\t #ejj1jjj tons w be kept 9 a s+le "o ( ^! /orage piles--a black m\nta9 runn+ l5g?wise betwe5 sid+s & s]v$ ) giant cranes4 ,we are back 9 ! traffic-manag]'s com=table (fice = a f9al ^w ) him4 ,he is fumbl+ ) 8 own correspond5ce4 ,x seems t a lawy] d[n 9 ,wa%+ton has be5 say+ t he c\ld save ! railroads ( ! l& a million doll>s a day 9 ! economical op]ation ( _! prop]ty1 & ! railroad] is exce$+ly wro? at t ass]tion4 ,he speaks ( pig iron1 & says t we %\ld tea* our labor]s ! m9imum movem5ts necess>y to put a s+le pig 9 a c>--j z masons h be5 taught to h&le brick ) m9imum ef=t & a maximum economy 9 "w accompli%$ has be5 effect$4 ,! traffic-man laughs1 r h>%ly4 ,! lawy] is all "r1 except = two ?+s2 & 8 anecdote ab\t ! brick is c]ta9ly well told4 ,only x j happ5s t ! railroad does n load or unload freight by ! c>load--t is ! duty ( ! consignor & ! consignee--& x also happ5s t pig iron r>ely is h&l$ ,l4,c4,l4 ,9 c>load lots x is n load$ or unload$ by h&1 b by big magnets on a crane :i* picks up a ton ( ! b>s at a "t & ?9ks no?+ ( x4 ,! freight traffic-manag] has made 8 po9t once aga91 & he is satisfi$4 ,he tells a little ( ! mod]n me?ods 9 freight h&l+1 "o ( !m h[ an +5i\s pack+-h\se exp]t 9 ,*icago sav$ ?\s&s ( doll>s annually 9 ! h&l+ ( l>d4 ,9 o!r days l>d 0 roll$ abo>d box-c>s1 a b>rel to a h&-truck1 a r sl[ & a r co/ly process4 ,! ,*icago man devis$ a me?od ( melt+ l>d &1 :ile x 0 fluid1 p\r+ x1 l petroleum1 into a tank-c>4 ,:5 x rea*$ its de/9ation at "s big t]m9al1 ! l>d 0 aga9 melt$ to fluid & p\r$ out f ! tank4 ,t is ! sci5ce ( big freight h&l+ to-day4 ,n alone d cranes1 ) magnet-b>s h&le pig-iron & ca/+s by ! ton1 b great hoi/s at ,clevel& & ,conneaut & ! o!r big lake t[ns close to ! ,pittsburgh di/rict rea* deep into ! he>ts ( giant %ips1 br+ f !m ! ore ( ,lake ,sup]ior's %ores1 & fill ! :ole wait+ tra9s )9 fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes4 ,into ! empty holds ( ! %ips !y p\r bitum9\s coal f ,we/]n ,p5nsylvania & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 a c>load at a "t4 ,! hoi/-crane rea*es d[n to ! dock sid+ = a gondola1 snaps ! c>-body (f f ! trucks1 lifts x al(t ov] ! op5 hat* ( ! wait+ vessel1 & turns x upside d[n4 ,9 less "t ?an x takes to tell x1 ! coal is 9 ! %ip1 & ! c>-body is be+ slipp$ back aga9 ^u its trucks4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,drama ,,( ,,! ,,freight ,,fa/ ,,tra9s ,,= ,,preci\s ,,& ,,p]i%able ,,goods--,,c>s ,,inv5t$ ,,= ,,fruits ,,& ,,= ,,fi%--,,milk ,,tra9s--,,sy/ematic ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,! ,,cans--,,auction+ ,,g>d5-,,truck ,,at ,,midnight--,a ,,hi/oric ,,city ,,freight-,,h\se4 ,p]haps y h se5 a gay ,limit$ 9 gre5 & gold />t =? ) mu* ado f "s big city /ation1 & h conclud$ t ! romance ( ! railroad re/s ) x2 t ! long l9es ( murky-r$ freight c>s h little ( ! dramatic ab\t !m4 ,if y h ?\ght t1 y h ?\ght wrong4 ,romance & drama rea* high climax sometimes 9 ! transportation ( commodities4 ,fa/ tra9s1 runn+ ^u ! express s*$ules ( ! f9e/ ,limit$s1 sometimes br+ silk1 #b1jjj1jjj or #c1jjj1jjj wor? to ! tra91 across ! cont95t4 ,a special may be hir$ by "s impati5t manufactur] to s5d a %ipm5t ?r\gh half a doz5 ,/ates4 ,!re are notable spe$ records 9 ! h&l+ ( fa/ freight1 records ( notable tra9s t are z well kn[n among ! traffic speciali/s z ! ,limit$s are kn[n to ! outside _w4 ,!re is drama1 too1 :5 ! railroad br+s ! food up to ! city1 = x c\nts z "o ( its greate/ functions ?is fill+ ( ! city's l>d]4 ,x sets aside c]ta9 high (fic]s 9 its traffic dep>tm5t = ! h&l+ ( m>ket produce2 x provides special facilities = ga!r+ x1 special facilities = mov+ x1 special t]m9al facilities = deliv]+ x 9 ! he>ts ( ! great cities4 ,sometimes x ev5 goes fur!r & provides & organizes great :olesale m>kets1 build+ up its traffic by go+ z f> z possible 9 facilitat+ ! con/ant repl5i%+ ( ! city's l>d]4 ,t is :y ^! long d>k c>avans1 ! fa/ pref]5ce freights t are ! pride ( ! railroad's traffic head1 g s quickly ov] ! rails to t[n4 ,"o ( !m halts 9 block = an in/ant to let a brightly light$ pass5g] tra9 g 9 ahead ( x4 ,:ile x is halt$ we climb abo>d & engage its conductor 9 conv]sation4 ,he is a clev] fell[1 ( ! type ( ! com+ railroad]4 ,only la/ summ]1 we f\nd a freight conductor ?umb+ 8 ,s>tor ,res>tus1 & discuss+ ,c>lyle z a /yli/4 ,yes1 we d br+ "s food up to t[n1 he admits4 ,i've got en\gh grub abo>d ^! eighty c>s to fe$ sev]al regim5ts4 ,we've two refrig]ators ( meat f ,omaha1 two f ,kansas ,city1 "o f ,*icago4 ,! ,*icago c> has be5 ic$ twice--at ,elkh>t & at ,altoona4 ,! o!r c>s _h to h an extra fill+ at ,hammond1 on ! outskirts ( ,*icago4 ,soon we'll h crisp cold wea!r & we c cut out ! ic+4 ,! boss8 ,! boss w be worry+ /ill4 ,j z soon z he c cut d[n 8 refrig]at+ /ations at ! division y>ds1 he'll be frett+ ab\t gett+ ^? big ice-h\ses fill$ = next summ]4 ,he's got a lake tuck$ up 9 ! m\nta9 divisions some:]e1 & we've got a bran* runn+ 9 a c\ple ( miles !re1 & we j pull out ! ice dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,y take any ( ^! trunk-l9es & x has to h a lake = its refrig]at+ /ations4 ,x's j "o ( ! _m little k9ks 9 runn+ a road4 ,we express a desire to see ! big pref]5ce tra91 &--! block be+ /ill set aga9/ h]--we g =w>d 9 ! black %ad[s ( ! c>s1 ! tra9 boss's arm-set lant]n %[+ our way to u4 ,he /ops beside a /r+ ( :ite & yell[ box-c>s4 ,cali=nia fruit1 he says2 !y don't ?9k any?+ ( s5d+ x all ! way across ! cont95t4 ,y might h ?\ght ^? ran*]s ov] !re on ! ,pacific coa/ w\ld h be5 disc\rag$ :5 !y 7 told t !re 7 a doz5 ic+ /ations betwe5 ! two oceans1 & t ! ic+ co/ 0 prohibitive4 ,!y w]5't a bit4 ,!y j sat d[n & did "s tall ?9k+1 & aft] a :ile !y develop$ ?is type ( c>4 ,we call x pre-cool$4 ,! c> is clean$ & br\ght to a *ill be=e load+4 ,aft] t ! temp]ature is n all[$ to rise :ile ! fruit is be+ pil$ away inside4 ,x is clos$ & seal$1 :ile /ill ice-cold1 & icy-cold %e comes bump+ h] way ea/ ov] ?ree or f\r ?\s& miles ( track4 ,x may be scor*+ d[n !re along ! ,s4 ,p42 !y may be j gasp+ = air 9 ! ,miss\ri bottoms2 b t pre-cool$ c> comes "r along1 keep+ its c>go fre% & cool & pure4 ,we c deliv] h] any:]e "h on ! ,atlantic seabo>d1 & no risk ( spoil+ ! /uff4 ,we slip along ano!r half-doz5 c>s4 ,! conductor halts aga9 & fumbles ) 8 way-bills4 ,!re's ! boy1 he laughs4 ,he's halibut4 ,!re's half a doz5 halibuts along "h 9 a /r+4 ,we d n l to %[ an utt] ignorance ( ! food "q & we v5ture an ass]tion4 ,halibut comes f ,newf\ndl&8 we ask4 ,h[ d y get x ar\nd "h8 ,! freight] gr9s sympa!tically at our lack ( k4 ,bless y1 he says4 ,t little fi%+ pond up !re on ! ,banks isn't big en\gh = a l& :i* has #bg1jjj1jjj folks ga!r$ 9 its cities4 ,^! c>s h come 9 f big ,yem ,hill's road--all ! way f ,tacoma up on ,puget ,s\nd--,/ate ( ,wa%+ton4 ,"s ( ^? p :o live 9 ,bo/on might h a fit if !y knew t _! belov$ halibut 0 born & rais$ 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean2 b t's ! tru? ( ! matt]4 ,?is fi% 7& "s ( x's go+ /raight to ,bo/on to be sold 9 ! v %ade ( ,faneuil ,hall71 has come #g1jjj miles to be eat5 on ! v %ores ( ! ,atlantic4 ,:5 ! fi%+ %ip t caught ?is c>go 0 fifty miles (f ! docks1 %e began call+ ,tacoma ) h] wireless4 ,! y>dma/] ( ! ,nor!rn ,pacific 0 ready !re = ! news f t rat-a-tap4 ,he _h a /r+ ( refrig]ator c>s ready2 !y 7 ready & set out along ! :>f by ! "t ! %ip 0 made fa/4 ,five m9utes lat] ! fi% 7 be+ load$ into ! c>s4 ,!y _h a gang ( /ev$ores work+ !re clock-l1 z ^? fell[s "w ar\nd ! big t5ts ( a ?ree-r+ circus4 ,fir/ !re w5t 9 a lay] ( ice1 !n a lay] ( fi%1 !n ano!r ( ice4 ,9 ?irty m9utes ! job 0 done4 ,9 =ty-five m9utes t /r+ ( fi%-c>s 0 com+ ea/ on an express-tra9 s*$ule4 ,x 0 knock$ ap>t at ,/4 ,paul & aga9 at ,*icago4 ,"h's our %>e ( ! spoils1 & we're n loaf+ "h on ! old ma9 l9e4 ,we're pref]5ce freight1 if y please1 & no old bumpety-bump ) coal & ore tak+ ! l[-grade tracks4 ,!y s&wi* u 9 among ! all-,pullmans1 ev5 :5 we're on ! f\r-track divisions1 = food is quick2 food won't keep =ev]2 & ^? folks d[n 9 ! city are gett+ hungry4 ,he />ts to say m1 b ! eng9e call halts him4 ,! block is cle> once aga94 ,! conductor cat*es a c> /ep1 ! pref]5ce />ts =w>d ) all ! rattl+ %akes & bumps peculi> to a long freight tra94 ,9 a m9ute or two ! r$ tail-lights are gr9n+ at u f half a mile d[n ! track4 ,ano!r big freight goes scurry+ by u--m m>ket /uff1 m meat1 m fi% = ! hungry t[n1 a t[n :i* h\ses #d1jjj folk )9 a s+le conge/$ t5em5t squ>e4 ,a ?ird tra9 foll[s2 all refrig]ator c>s x is too4 ,!y come 9 quick succession1 ^! m>ket tra9s1 to ! metropolis4 ,! railroad is do+ its "p4 ,to-night aga91 ! food is go+ up to ! city4 ,! sc5e *anges4 ,n[ we are (f 9 ! roll+ c\ntry ( up-,/ate--dairy c\ntry1 if y please4 ,! railroad t /ret*es its ?ick black trail ! l5g? ( ! valley is no f\r-track l9e1 ) heavy tra9s c\rs+ ov] x e ?ree or f\r or five or t5 m9utes4 ,?is is b a s+le-track bran*2 9 ! p>lance ( ! railroad]s x is a j]kwat]2 & ! com+ ( its two pass5g] tra9s & t ( ! way-freight ea* day are ev5ts 9 ! little t[ns t l9e x4 ,/ill1 ev5 ?is little bran* is do+ its "p 9 ! fill+ ( ! city's l>d]4 ,?is bran* has ! fill+ ( ! city babies' milk bottles z its own p>ticul> problem4 ,at e>ly dawn1 ! muddy br[n roads t lead to ! little depot !re at ! fl\r mills are alive4 ,! f>m] boys are br++ ! milk to ! railroad4 ,d[n ! track a few hundr$ y>ds beyond ! depot is ! slick1 clean1 new milk-/ation4 ,ov] across ! brook is ! *eese-factory1 des]t$ & giv5 ov] to ! g5tle f+]s ( decay4 ,^? two build+s tell ! /ory ( *ang+ times2 9 _! mute way !y tell ! gr[? ( ! ,am]ican city4 ,9 o!r days ?is t[n%ip made *eese4 ,to-day !y drive ! milk to ! depot4 ,ea* morn+ f9ds a big refrig]ator c>1 built 9 ! fa%ion ( pass5g] equipm5t1 s t x may be h&l$ on pass5g] tra9s1 at ! milk /ation4 ,! f>m] boys are prompt ) _! milk1 x is *eck$ & weigh$ & plac$ 9 ! c>1 9 cans & 9 bottles4 ,h>dly has ! la/ big t5-gallon c gone clatt]+ into ! c> be=e ! :i/le ( ! w>n+ local is he>d up ! l9e1 j beyond ! curve at ! wat]-tank4 ,:ile ! tra9 is at ! depot1 9 all ! bu/le ( ! com+s & go+s at a c\ntry /ation1 ! eng9e makes quick drill movem5t & picks up ! milk-c>4 ,f>!r d[n ! l9e t same tra9 picks up m milk-c>s4 ,by ! "t x rea*es ! junction :]e x int]sects ! ma9 l9e x is a consid]able tra9 = a bran* l9e4 ,inde$ at ! junction !re are m milk-c>s1 f o!r bran*es t ramble (f into ! real back-c\ntry4 ,!re are en\gh ( !m n[ to make a tra9 ?r\gh to ! city4 ,! tra9ma/] has a good eng9e ready = e aft]noon1 & ! milk express goes scurry+ into t[n ) pass5g] rights & on pass5g] s*$ules4 ,y _c hurry ! babies' milk ?r\gh to t[n any too quickly4 ,?is is all fir/-day milk4 ,y c take a compass1 place ! p9-leg squ>ely 9 ! he>t ( ! busy t[n--a place ( brick & asphalt1 ( /eel & concrete1 )\t ev] a h9t ( gr[+ ?+s--& ) ! p5cil-leg trace a segm5t ( a circle--! out] l9e "s #bjj miles di/ant f ! c5tre4 ,aft]w>ds y c draw a second circle segm5t1 its out] l9e "s #cej miles f ! same t[n c5tre4 ,f )9 ! inn] circle comes ! fir/-day milk1 deliv]$ to ! railroad dur+ ! e>ly "p ( a day & on ! h\sehold]'s table 9 ! big city ! next morn+4 ,f )\t ?is inn] circle & )9 ! out]1 comes ! second-day milk :i* has ano!r tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 its transit to t[n4 ,! :ole ?+1 once r badly h&l$ by it9]ant s+le deal]s1 has be5 r$uc$ to sci5tific bus9ess by skilful cop]ation betwe5 ! big milk-deal]s ( ! pres5t day & ! railroads4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is night4 ,! la/ ( ! (fice lights 9 ! t[]+ build+s has be5 snuff$ out4 ,d[nt[n is quiet--quiet = a little "t1 = soon aft] sun-up x w be a vortex once aga92 ^! n>r[1 deep-canyon$ /reets w be a/ir & human-fill$ once aga94 ,b at n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ! policeman's footfall on ! pavem5t e*oes 9 lonely /reets4 ,a tir$ bookkeep] scurry+ home aft] a vexati\s hunt = 8 balances gets %>p scrut9y f ! policeman4 ,d[nt[n is asleep4 ,!n1 f ar\nd ! turn ( a %>p corn] comes a night tra9 ( wagons1 drawn by a small brigade ( horses4 ,^! are n fill$ ) m>ket-truck2 m>ket-truck w n rea* ! t[n till midnight at ! e>lie/4 ,^! are great high-box$ vans1 pa9t$ :ite1 a bit gaudy 9 lett]+4 ,!y make y ?9k ( ^? long-ago days :5 y us$ to g d[n to ! depot to see ! circus come 91 = ! big wagons are precisely l ^? t us$ to %r\d my/]y z !y roll$ f ! tra9s d[n to ! %[-lot4 ,we foll[ ?is procession ( half a doz5 great vans1 foll[ x ?r\gh ! twi/+1 n>r[ /reets ( d[nt[n1 across a fam\s old f]ry1 /raight up to ! long %$s ( a railroad t]m9al4 ,on ! "o side ( ! t]m9al1 ! pass5g] tra9s are com+ & go+ at all h\rs4 ,by day ?is %$ at :i* ! big vans back1 ea* into its own c>efully m>k$ place1 is a g5]al freight-h\se2 by night x is giv5 ov] to ! /ock+ ( ! city babies' milk bottles4 ,! f]ri$ vans are h>dly empti$ ( _! empty cans & cases be=e ! fir/ ( ! milk tra9s comes back+ 9 at ! o!r side ( ! long cov]$ plat=m4 ,hiss+ arcs up "u t slimsy ro( ?r[ high lights & deep %ad[s "h & !re & ev]y:]e4 ,!y %[ ! plat=m-m5 tugg+ at ! c> fa/5+s be=e ! brakes are fairly releas$4 ,9 ano!r m9ute1 ! big side-doors are ?r[n op51 almo/ simultane\sly1 9 /ill ano!r1 ! place is alive ) ! rattle ( trucks4 ,! milk--tons ^u tons ( x--9 t5-gallon cans & 9 cases ( individual bottles1 is be+ load$ )9 ^? circus-l cans4 ,a second milk-tra9 comes bump+ 9 at a f> plat=m4 ,!re is ano!r brigade ( vans wait+ = x !re4 ,a ?ird tra9 is due to arrive 9 ano!r half-h\r4 ,! vans t x w fill are already beg9n+ to back into place & unload _! cans & cases ^u ! plat=ms4 ,"h are almo/ #bjj great f\r-horse trucks be+ fill$ simultane\sly1 & all work+ ) ! almo/ rhy?mic h>mony ( organization4 ,y want to "k h[ !y d x8 ,ask t man ov] !re1 he 9 a %ort r\gh coat1 :o c>ries a lant]n on 8 arm & ) x pe]s int]e/$ly into e "o ( ! c>s4 ,t man's ^w is law on ?is plat=m1 = he is its boss4 ,he has be5 fill+ ! babies' milk bottles f ?is p>ticul> t]m9al = almo/ a qu>t] ( a c5tury n[4 ,8 railroad 0 ! fir/ to br+ milk into a l>ge city4 ,we get x ov]1 he w tell y1 by ! exp]i5ce ( "s little "t1 & by plann+4 ,y saw ! numb]s on ! team side ( ?is milk plat=m4 ,t's only half ! problem4 ,!re are a doz5 diff]5t milk-h&l+ conc]ns do+ bus9ess at ?is %$1 & _! /uff comes toge!r on ?is "o tra94 ,yet we get ! ?+ out by hav+ ea* conc]n--ea* truck--come up to its own position at ! team side4 ,! o!r half ( ! problem we solve by hav+ a c]ta9 position = ea* milk-c>4 ,"h is ! ,hygi5ic ,milk ,company up on ! ,heights4 ,y h se5 _! fancy dairies all ov] t[n4 ,well1 ! ,hygi5ic has a /ation up at ,bottg]'s1 on our ,lanca/] ,essex division1 t fills two c>s at t /ation e bless$ day4 ,_! two c>s /& 9 beyond ?is ,no4 #ad pill> e night2 s we "k j :]e to direct _! trucks4 ,t's bus9ess--j sy/em4 ,we spot ! c>s e night4 ,spot ! c>s8 y int]rupt4 ,he smiles a bit at y\r ignorance4 ,?is tra9 is made up 9 j ! same fa%ion e night1 he expla9s4 ,^! two ,hygi5ic c>s are always ! fif? & six?4 ,if !y 7 ! eigh? & n9? "s nifty ev5+--if "s sm>t ,aleck ( a y>dma/] up ! l9e w\ld take to %uffl+ up ^! c>s z y %uffle a deck ( c>ds--we w\ld h a ne> riot "h1 & ,i c\ldn't get ^! plat=ms cle>$ ( ! milkm5 = t m>ket-truck tra9 t backs 9 "h f ! s\? e night at #aa3ee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inside ,,! ,,we/ ,,albany ,,%ops ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral3 ,,pick+ ,,up ,a ,,locomotive ,,) ,,! ,,travell+ ,,crane ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,locomotive ,,^u ,,! ,,te/+-,,table ,,at ,,! ,,altoona ,,%ops ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,r\ndh\se ,,is ,a ,,sprawl+ ,,?+ ,illu/ration3 ,,d5iz5s ,,( ,,! ,,r\ndh\se ,s !y keep closely to ! =mation ( our tra9s1 & t ( itself is no t]m9al problem4 ,away up ! l9e #ij miles--#aej1--bej1--;ev]y:]e t we h a big junction y>d1 ! y>d boss has 8 positive in/ructions ab\t ^! milk tra9s4 ,by ! "t ?is fell[ has cle>$ out ( ,p---- ,j----1 #ij miles up ! road & our ne>e/ road y>d outside ( ! metropolitan di/rict1 x's always 9 j ! %ape y see x to-night4 ,aft] t !re's no?+ to be done "h except cut (f ! road eng9e at our t]m9al y>d & pick out a swit*] to back h] into position at ?is %$4 ,x's nice "w1 & night aft] night t eng9e] ( ! swit*] does n v>y f\r in*es 9 ! locations ( ^! c>-doors4 ,he lifts 8 lant]n1 & we peek into ! int]ior ( "o ( ^! cool milk-c>s4 ,?is has ! bottl$ milk 9 cases4 ,! cases are pack$ f\r ti]s high--nev] high]--& y\r guide expla9s to y t f\r cases is ! limit ( a h&-truck4 ,all ^! ?+s make = simplicity 9 h&l+4 ,y pe] into ano!r c>4 ,! t5-gallon cans are 9 long diagonal r[s1 cov]+ ! entire floor ( ! c>4 ,!y =m a regul> tessellat$ patt]n1 l ! m>ble til+ ( old-fa%ion$ hotels & banks4 ,^? little f>m] boys1 says ! plat=m boss1 sure d t trick well4 ,t speaks pretty neat = ,sullivanville4 ,!y all us$ to put ! cans 9 /raight r[s1 runn+ l5g?wise ( ! c>4 ,"o day "o ( ! sm>te/ ( ^? ,sullivanville boys discov]$ t by putt+ ! cans 9 diagonal r[s1 ?is-wise1 he w\ld ga9 a hundr$ cans 9 ! load+4 ,t add$ a ?\s& gallons to ! capacity ( ! c>4 ,! ,sup] gave him a good job1 & "s day y'll see he'll be runn+ a railroad ( 8 own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,midnight4 ,d[nt[n is /ill m des]t$1 if t is possible1 ?an :5 we fir/ saw x ?ree h\rs ago4 ,! /illness ( ! deep night is h>d ^u ! city2 yet "h on ?is broad quay /reet :i* runs its /one-pav$ l5g? up & d[n pa/ ! :>ves ( ! h>bor-front1 all is alive4 ,?is is ! midnight m>ket4 ,"u ! v noses ( ! /eam%ips t h br\ght ?is g>d5-truck up f ! s\?1 x is be+ auction$ (f to a hundr$ or s ke5-nos$1 ke5]-witt$ :olesal]s4 ,!y w&] ab\t "u long awn+ ro(s erect$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! /reet1 ?r\gh ! gaunt op5 %ad[y spaces ( ! pi]s1 pok+ into ! tops ( b>rels1 p9*+1 ta/+1 critically exam9+ all ! :ile t !y are dick]+ 9 prices4 ,:5 ! day is fully born & d[nt[n alive once aga91 !re w be o!r :olesale m>kets1 m s$ate-look+ affairs 9 rooms t h be5 built = ! purpose by ! traffic dep>tm5ts ( ! railroads4 ,9 ^! rooms1 ) ! seats arrang$ 9 ti]s & ea* seat hav+ a broad writ+ arm l a college classroom1 fruit & vegetables w be sold 9 c>load lots4 ,!re w be records ( prices--quotations4 ,! ?+ w approa* ! dignity ( ^? b\rses :]e cotton & c(fee & metals & securities are sold4 ,b ! midnight m>ket scorns su* =malities1 su* dignities4 ,x cl+s to its own hubbub--its own unsy/ematic way ( accompli%+ a great bus9ess4 ,x pref]s to sell z ! /uff is unload$2 t has be5 its me?od = ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury & any me?od t has /ood #ge ye>s is at lea/ entitl$ to a measure ( consid]ation4 ,b n all its (f]+s h come by ^! big coa/+ /eam%ips1 ^: outl9es %[ vague at _! pi]s 9 ! d>kness ( ! night4 ,=1 gr9d+ aga9/ ! piles ( ^! same :>ves1 z ! unse5 tide *anges1 are gr\ps ( c>-floats t h be5 f]ri$ f ! great railroad t]m9als across ! riv]4 ,ea* c>-float has two trackfuls ( refrig]ator c>s--#ab or #ad or #af 9 all--l9$ aga9/ a long ro($ plat=m runn+ j above keel4 ,:5 ! p]t & busy little tugs h pu%$ & pull$ & bunt$ ! floats all into position1 ! plat=ms are quickly connect$ by gangways1 canvas-cov]$ aga9/ ! /ress ( h>d wea!r4 ,a great freight-h\se1 almo/ ,v5etian 9 type1 floats ^u ! surface ( ! sil5t riv] & becomes "p & p>cel ( ! pi] itself4 ,aft] t x is quick "w to op5 ea* ( ! c>s--to :eel out sample b>rels ( potatoes1 ( cabbage1 ( cel]y1 ( lettuce1 ( caulifl[]--all ! gr[+ ?+s ( c\ntry f>ms t g to fe$ ! hungry city4 ,! trad+ "h is ov] 9 an h\r1 or two h\rs at ! longe/ :5 ! %ipm5ts are heavy2 & !n ! :olesal]s are :eel+ _! wagons into place to c>t away _! pur*ases to _! own /ores & w>eh\ses4 ,f ^! ! retail]s--! m5 :o c>ry on _! bus9esses 9 /alls 9 ! public m>ket-h\ses & ^? t h _! own little %ops on ! /reet corn]s--make _! selections4 ,if y are a city man1 y may n[ "k t y\r groc] at ! corn] is up betimes1 :5 ! sun is j %[+ himself on lazy ,septemb] morn+s4 ,he has be5 pok+ 8 way ) 8 own horse & wagon d[n to ! :olesal]s1 buy+ 8 day's /ock & gett+ x plac$ j be=e ! e>lie/ ( ! h\sewives beg9s h] m>ket+4 ,y dem& a concrete example ( a city freight-h\se2 & "h x is--! hi/oric ,/4 ,john's ,p>k ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad 9 ,new ,york4 ,up ov] ! l9es ( ! ,c5tral1 back = hundr$s ( we>y miles1 y may he> ! railroad]s speak ( ! ,p>k1 y may see long /r+s ( c>s1 be>+ m]*&ise tagg$ ?r\gh to x4 ,at ,sixtie? ,/reet1 :]e ! big freights ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral come to a f9al halt1 y see ! c>s s5t s\? 9 long /r+s1 ea* haul$ by a r$ dummy locomotive & prec$$ by a boy a/ride a horse & hold+ a r$ flag1 a famili> sight to all ,new ,york]s :o reside ^u ! f> we/ side ( ! t[n4 ,/4 ,john's ,p>k h&les a v l>ge p]c5tage ( all ! p]i%able food t comes into ,new ,york ea* day4 ,x is ! d+y freight-h\se t fills ! d\ble block betwe5 ,hudson & ,v>ick & ,bea* & ,laight ,/reets2 & :5 y ask1 ,:]e is ! p>k8 !y w tell y t !re 0 a day :5 ! entire site ( ?is freight-h\se--possibly ! mo/ conge/$ 9 ! _w--0 a g5tle tree-fill$ squ>e t fac$ old ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*4 ,!re is nev] a trace ( ! p>k n[adays4 ,! old *ur* n[ faces a n>r[ /reet :]e9 truckm5 %ove & elb[ & disappe> 9 ! gates ( ! freight /ation4 ,on ! ,hudson ,/reet side ( ! /ructure six pairs ( railroad tracks curve into x2 & f> above on ! cornice ( ! /ructure "o c see ! b5ign figure ( ! old ,commodore--a h]oic bronze surr\nd$ by replicas ( ! tra9s & ! /eam%ips t he lov$ s well4 ,! build+ ( ! l>ge freight /ation on ! site ( ,/4 ,john's ,p>k away back 9 #ahfh 0 a real accompli%m5t to ! fir/ ( ! h\se ( ,v&]bilt4 ,?9k ( x3 t freight-h\se c\ld hold #ajj c>s4 ,!re 0 no?+ else 9 all ! broad l& q l t6 ,into ,/4 ,john's ,p>k at dawn come tra9loads ( produce4 ,ev5 be=e ! doors ( ! freight-h\se h op5$1 at six1 a /r+ ( cool]s has /opp$ 9 ,hudson ,/reet & ! commission m5 are c>t+ out ! p\ltry4 ,z soon z ! /ation gets d[n to real bus9ess1 butt] & eggs & *eese p\r 9 ?r\gh x 9 c>load lots4 ,x doesn't bo!r u mu*1 ! =eman tells y4 ,/ill1 on ! ,monday be=e ,*ri/mas we _h a fairly brisk day4 ,we _h #aee c>s ( turkeys alone t morn+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,mak+ ,,traffic ,,entic+ ,,settl]s ,,to ,,! ,,virg9 ,,l&s ,,( ,,! ,,we/--,,emigration ,,bureaus--,,railways ,,ext5d$ ,,= ,,! ,,b5efit ,,( ,,emigrants--,,! ,,fir/ ,,cont9u\s ,,railroad ,,across ,,! ,,am]ican ,,cont95t--,,campaigns ,,= ,,develop+ ,,sp>sely ,,settl$ ,,places ,,9 ,,! ,,we/--,,unpr(itable ,,bran* ,,railroads ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/--,,developm5t ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,f>m+--,,improv$ ,,f>ms ,,are ,,traffic-,,mak]s--,,new ,,factories ,,be+ ,,op5$--,,h[ ,,railroad ,,manag]s ,,h ,,develop$ ,,atlantic ,,city4 ,y\r railroad manag] ( o!r days 0 cont5t ) ! traffic t 0 (f]$ him--if inde$ he deign$ to accept x all4 ,= ^? 7 ! bus9ess me?ods t obta9$ ev]y:]e 9 ! o!r days4 ,:5 competition became ! mov+ =ce 9 mod]n bus9ess1 ! railroad felt x4 ,! l& _h become gridiron$ ) tracks2 bus9ess did n (f] itself s freely z x _h at ! outset4 ,:5 !re came a division betwe5 r\tes ( a traffic t _h =m]ly belong$ to a s+le r\te1 e>n+s fell away & /ockhold]s began to ask uncom=table que/ions ( ! m5 :o op]at$ _! railroad prop]ties4 ,!n ! fight = bus9ess began--at fir/1 z we h already se51 by a lively rivalry :i* %[$ itself 9 a m]ciless sla%+ ( rates4 ,su* fight+ me?ods react$ on ! railroads1 & _! rate-%eets became code & law1 only a little less holy ?an ! ,f$]al ,con/itution1 long be=e ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission ex]t$ its b5efic5t pat]nalism ov] ! railroads ( ! l&4 ,b ) ! rates equaliz$ betwe5 ! railroads1 ! competition rema9$4 ,! "o obvi\s solution ( ! situation :i* 0 left 0 put into effect4 ,! railroads began to make traffic4 ,! mak+ ( traffic is ! mo/ rec5t & ! mo/ highly develop$ bran* ( ! sci5ce ( railroad+4 ,! fir/ ( ?is specializ$ bus9ess-gett+ began j be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,"s ( ! railroads _h put _! l9es back a little way f ! we/]n portion ( ! ,great ,lakes along 9 ! late fifties1 & !y ne$$ folks to live along ^? l9es4 ,x goes )\t say+ t a railroad go+ into an unpopulat$ c\ntry w\ld nev] be any great %akes ( a railroad until p came to dwell along its l9es4 ,s ! railroad f ,gal5a to ,*icago--aft]w>ds ! f\ndation /one = ! mighty ,nor?we/]n--! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul1 & "o or two o!rs />t$ emigration bureaus4 ,!n m5 :o own$ ^? e>ly railroads knew ! possibilities ( ! virg9 l&s into :i* !y /ret*$ _! rails4 ,! proposition t confront$ !m 0 to let ! folk :o liv$ 9 ! ,ea/ & ev5 ^? :o 7 h]d$ 9 ! cr[d$ l&s across ! ,atlantic1 "k ^! same possibilities4 ,by means ( _! fir/ emigration bureaus !y accompli%$ _! proposition4 ,adv]tis+ 0 a crude sci5ce 9 ^? days1 b adv]tis+ help$4 ,?r\gh\t ! tr\bl\s ye>s ( ! w> ! m5 f ! ,ea/ :o _h read ( ! glories ( ! ,middle ,we/1 :o _h li/5$ to ! tales ( ! ag5ts ( ! railroad & c\pl$ !m ) ^? ( return+ travell]s1 began p\r+ ov] ! new & /ruggl+ railroads4 ,!y c>ri$ _! goods & *attels ) !m2 & s ! railroad m5 knew t !y 7 n go+ back to ! old homes aga94 ,at ! close ( ! w> ^! tides rose to flood4 ,! railroads no long] /ruggl$4 ,!re 0 a /eady fl[ ( traffic ov] _! rails1 & !y 7 able because ( x to engage capital to /ret* _! rails a little f>!r we/4 ,aft] !y _h mov$ ano!r /ret*1 ! tides ( emigration /ill fl[$4 ,t process might h gone ahead 9 ord]ly fa%ion until ! ,pacific _h be5 rea*$1 if ! s*eme _h n be5 upset4 ,!y built too _m railroads1 !y ov]work$ _! idea4 ,9 ! broad rea*es ( ! ,middle ,we/1 l9es ( /eel crumbl$ into ru/1 & cross-roads dream$ va9ly t !y w\ld become villages4 ,_m a /ruggl+ village fail$ to become ! city t h] en?usia/ic resid5ts _h fanci$4 ,!y _h ! big boom 9 ,kansas1 & ! bigg] collapse t foll[$4 ,aft] t1 folk /ay$ ,ea/ = a :ile1 & ! bus9ess ( mak+ traffic 9 t t]ritory became an advanc$ sci5ce4 ,!re 0 ano!r factor 9 ! situation4 ,y w rememb] t ! ,summ] ( '#fi saw ! fir/ cont9u\s railroad across ! ,am]ican cont95t--! comb9ation ( ,c5tral ,pacific & ,union ,pacific4 ,! huge success ( t railroad 0 inspiration = o!rs4 ,9 ! g5]ation ( m5 t foll[$ ! rails t rea*$ f ,atlantic to ,pacific 7 multipli$4 ,aft] t !re 0 a new problem = ! own]s ( ! transcont95tal railroads4 ,_! /ati/ical *>ts ( orig9at+ traffic %[$ great black masses at ei!r end ( ! l9e--:]e connections 7 made ) ! great traffic-br+]s f ! ,ea/1 & :]e ! rails ran ^u ! docks ( ! ,pacific %ore4 ,betwe5 ^? two po9ts 0 a ?9 black l9e1 l spid]-?read4 ,to make t l9e black & firm at all po9ts1 to br+ masses ( new traffic at int]m$iate po9ts1 0 ! dem& t ! railroad-own] made ( 8 traffic-manag]4 ,x is be+ done to-day4 ,x has tak5 "t1 money & almo/ incr$ible pati5ce2 b x is be+ done4 ,?is is a broad l&1 & !re is /ill mu* to be done4 ,9 ,montana1 !re is a s+le c\nty ) an area exce$+ t ( ,m>yl& & a population less ?an t ( ! smalle/ w>d ( ,baltimore2 & ne>-by !re is ano!r c\nty1 z l>ge z ,delaw>e & ,connecticut comb9$1 ) m]e h&ful ( resid5ts4 ,^! are typical4 ,!re are great op5 /ret*es to ! s\?we/2 & ! ,santa ,fe1 work+ h& 9 h& ) ! ,h>riman l9es1 is busy populat+ & develop+ ^!4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,c\ntry1 ,james ,j4 ,hill's railroads & ! new out/ret*$ arm ( ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul are do+ mu* to exploit ! unf>m$ l&s ( ,montana1 & ! int5sive possibilities ( ,wa%+ton = fruit-rais+1 m>ket-g>d5+ & ! l4 ,up & d[n ! ,pacific coa/1 ! railroads are unit+ 9 simil> campaigns ( developm5t4 ,hill began ! campaign 9 ,montana4 ,he is a dream] & a f>-se]4 ,:5 he began mak+ pres5ts ( blood$ bulls to ! f>m]s out along ! ,great ,nor!rn1 folk laugh$ at him1 "s ( 8 directors ?\ght t he _h gone crazy4 ,!y ?\ght diff]5tly :5 !y knew ! results1 :5 !y got ! traffic reports ( ! cattle bus9ess t 0 gr[+ along ! l9e4 ,t ?+ 0 typical4 ,! railroad--,hill's railroad & all ! o!r big transcont95tals--l5t itself to ! f9e developm5t ( all ! traffic t might possibly be obta9$ )9 its t]ritory4 ,h]et(ore x _h r\ghly comb$ traffic possibilities1 n[ x began to scre5 !m ) a f9e me% scre54 ,! emigrant bureau did its "p ( ! "w2 ! railroad w5t fur!r & set itself to develop e in* ( available l& along its l9es4 ,attractive excursions br\ght settl]s to ! new c\ntry1 ! railroad 0 ( practical assi/ance 9 f9d+ locations = !m4 ,ev]y?+ is be+ br\ght t[>d ! developm5t ( ^? great new ,/ates ( ! ,we/3 cross-roads are beg9n+ to become villages2 villages1 cities4 ,a little "t be=e 8 dea?1 ,mr4 ,h>riman ann\nc$ t !re w\ld be f\r great cities spread across ! ,am]ican cont95t--,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,salt ,lake1 & ,san ,francisco4 ,he !n took x ^u 8 own r roomy %\ld]s to make ,salt ,lake ,city wor?y ( a place 9 ! file4 ,f ?is activity 9 ! ,we/1 ! ,ea/]n railroads h /ol5 a lesson4 ,orig9ally built 9 _m cases to s]ve ! ne$s ( ! f>m]s ( "s p>ticul> locality1 !y h become m]g$ & weld$ 9 a way t has caus$ !m to s]ve ! indu/rial int]e/s ( ! c\ntry m p>ticul>ly ?an ! agricultural4 ,"o ( ! valuable old prop]ties ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad 9 ,new ,j]sey rejoices 9 ! "n ( ,freehold & ,jamesburg ,agricultural ,railroad4 ,:51 aft] ! s]i\s slump 9 traffic t foll[$ ! panic 9 #aijg1 ! railroads ( ! ,ea/ f\nd !mselves1 = ! fir/ "t 9 a decade1 ) m facilities ?an freight1 !y began to cultivate m c>efully ! traffic bran* ( transportation sci5ce4 ,!y took q readily to ! lesson t ! transcont95tals gave !m4 ,!n !y proce$$ to put x into effect 9 practical fa%ion4 ,= "s ye>s pa/ ! problem ( ! unimportant bran*es has be5 a s]i\s "o ) ! big ,ea/]n sy/ems4 ,^! bran*es1 _m ( !m once pr(itable fe$]s1 h be5 all[$ to det]iorate & retrograde1 :ile ma9-l9e traffic develop$ & increas$ "u active conditions ( competition4 ,! little t[ns along ! bran*es seem$ to retrograde too2 :ile ! busy cities ( ! c\ntry1 /rung along ! ma9 l9es ( ! railroad1 absorb$ new gr[? & new en]gy4 ,sometimes ! bran* l9es 7 p>allel$ by int]urban electric railroads1 :i* 7 able to op]ate at f> less co/ ?an /eam railroads1 & consequ5tly to *>ge l[] rates ( f>e2 & _! slight pass5g] traffic cont9u$ to gr[ light]4 ,! freight traffic _h long s9ce dw9dl$ to slim proportions2 ! bran* l9es 7 almo/ entirely agricultural railroads2 & ! f>m]s ( ! ,ea/ 7 disc\rag$ & di%e>t5$4 ,! new movem5t began 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york1 :i* is fairly gridiron$ ) a network ( ^! unpr(itable bran* railroads4 ,x 0 />t$ ev5 be=e ! panic ( #aijg4 ,new ,york ,/ate1 ) its great res\rces & its fat treasury1 has long be5 engag$ 9 ! developm5t ( sci5tific f>m+--:i* means f>m+ = ! l>ge/ pr(it t c be br\ght f ! soil4 ,x has a great agricultural s*ool z a "p ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 & an int]e/+ exp]im5tal s*ool along simil> l9es at ,g5eva4 ,^! s*ools h done a great "w4 ,!y h educat$ "y m5 to be mod]n f>m]s1 9 e s5se ( t phrase2 & !y h s5t leaflets to e corn] ( ! ,empire ,/ate4 ,b ev5 ^! me?ods 7 n f>-rea*+ en\gh4 ,x is n e f>m]'s boy 9 ^! days :o c af=d to g d[n to ,i?aca = a college education 9 ! till+ ( ! soil2 few ( ! old] m5 c>e to m+le ) ! boys at su* an in/itution4 ,ev5 ! pamphlets s5t out f ,g5eva 7 n suffici5t4 ,s :5 ! railroads1 seek+ to make traffic 9 a dull "t & to rehabilitate _! bran*es 9 ! f>m+ di/ricts1 made alliance ) ! agricultural s*ools1 special tra9s 7 s5t out into ! f>m+ di/ricts1 & ^! tra9s c>ri$ a compet5t corps ( in/ructors f ! s*ools4 ,day coa*es made good s*ool-rooms = ! it9]ant in/itutions2 & a baggage-c>1 fill$ ) specim5s ( fruit & gra9s gr[n "u sci5tific me?ods1 0 g5]ally atta*$4 ,! ,we/]n roads _h us$ simil> tra9s ) success 9 build+ up _! virg9 t]ritories4 ,! use ( ! sci5tific s*ools 9 connection 0 ! ,ea/]n adaptation ( ! idea4 ,a tra9 ( ?is sort w make half a doz5 t[ns 9 ! c\rse ( a day4 ,! t[ns are n f> ap>t1 & ! s*$ule g5]ally p]mits a /op ( ab\t an h\r 9 ea*4 ,! com+ ( ! f>m]s' special has be5 ?or\ghly ann\nc$ by h&bills1 po/]s1 & ! local newspap]s4 ,:e!r ! day be wet or fair1 ! appreciation ( ! ent]prise t />t$ ! special out is sure to be manife/ 9 a cr[d t packs ! day-coa*es & n infrequ5tly causes ov]fl[ meet+s to be held f ! re> plat=m ( ! tra94 ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,! ,,f> ,,we/ ,,! ,,f>m-,,tra9 ,,has ,,long ,,s9ce ,,come ,,into ,,its ,,own ,illu/ration3 ,,ev5 ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,,/ate ,,! ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,^! ,,it9]ant ,,agricultural ,,s*ools ,,is ,,ke51 ,,inde$ ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,! ,,dairy ,,demon/ration ,,c> ,,( ,,an ,,agricultural ,,tra9 ,!re is no cause = di%e>t5m5t 9 ! s\l ( ! f>m] aft] he has be5 d[n to ! tra94 ,he le>ns ! ?+s t 8 l& is capable ( & yet has nev] re>$ = him4 ,take ! p]5nial & h>dy alfalfa1 = in/ance4 ,cr[d into ! c>1 :]e a hundr$ e>ne/ m5 f ! c\ntry-side are ga!r$ & li/5+ to ! man f ! ,/ate ,agricultural ,college1 :o talks on x4 ,an acre ( good alfalfa1 he is say+1 produces twice z mu* dige/ible nutrim5t z an acre ( good clov]4 ,x is !re=e pr(itable to our f>m]s to make e ef=t to e/abli% alfalfa fields4 ,y\r climate is favorable to alfalfa1 :i* c be gr[n on a v>iety ( soils4 ,! mo/ favorable is a gravelly loam ) a por\s sub-soil4 ,!re mu/ be dra9age1 f]tility1 lime1 & inoculation4 ,alfalfa is a lime-lov+ plant1 & if y hav5't a limy soil1 apply lime at ! rate ( "o to two ?\s& p\nds p] acre4 ,^! figures w be giv5 y 9 a pamphlet z y leave ! c>4 ,& s x goes4 ,if ! tra9 is 9 "o ( ! great fruit-gr[+ di/ricts ( we/]n ,new ,york1 fruit is ! !me ( ! lectur]s4 ,!re is no product t ! soil may give1 directly or indirectly1 t is too humble = ! att5tion ( ! f>m]s' special4 ,all ! roads 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york h tak5 "p 9 ! campaign--! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 ! ,erie1 ! ,lehigh ,valley1 & ! small] roads h s5t out ! tra9 ov] ! l9es1 ea* 9 due turn4 ,! idea has gone into ! ,middle ,we/ & back to ,p5nsylvania4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 :i* creates traffic f e conceivable s\rce1 has op]at$ s9ce ,novemb]1 #aijh1 f\r agricultural specials & two fruit-tree & %rubb]y specials4 ,! agricultural s*ools ( ! great t]ritory x trav]ses h furni%$ ! lectur]s & ! mat]ial4 ,n[ x is prep>+ to e/abli% d[n 9 ! ,ea/]n ,%ore c\ntry betwe5 ! ,*esapeake ,bay & ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 a developm5t f>m1 9 :i* x w %[ ! f>m]s ( t agricultural di/rict ! greate/ use t !y c make ( _! l&1 ! greate/ results t x c be br\ght to yield4 ,x has gone d[n into ! s&y s\!rn "p ( ,new ,j]sey & made ! potato crop = ,new ,york & = ,philadelphia into a va/ yield1--a pr(it bo? = ! f>m] & = ! railroad :i* has creat$ ! traffic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ ( ^! developm5t f>ms 9 ! ,ea/ 0 t e/abli%$ by ,h4 ,b4 ,full]ton1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,long ,isl& ,railroad1 at ,wad+ ,riv]1 ,n4 ,y4 ,! ,long ,isl& possesses a t]ritory t p>ticul>ly ne$s developm5t ( t sort4 ,x has a good suburban t]ritory adjac5t to ,new ,york ,city1 b aft] t !re is n a t[n ( importance ! entire l5g? ( its l9es4 ,!re is no manufactur+ ( consequ5ce out ^u its l9e & x has be5 driv5 to ! necessity ( mak+ traffic4 ,full]ton's ,f>m is ano!r traffic-mak] by educational process4 ,he has tak5 ! wor/ ( ! s&y soil t makes ?\s&s ( acres at ! ea/ end ( ! ,isl&1 & he has creat$ f x a model f>m4 ,! f>m has _h to pay its way4 ,x has n be5 nurtur$ "u any ext5sive appropriations f ! railroad1 b x has _h to w9 its success "u ! same conditions t w\ld confront ! f>m] :o measur$ 8 capital 9 hundr$s1 r ?an 9 ?\s&s ( doll>s4 ,x is tea*+ ! lesson t x has s\ght to tea*4 ,arid soil1 on ! v he>?/one ( a metropolitan city1 is be+ giv5 ov] to pr(itable truck-f>m+2 & ! ,long ,isl& ,railroad = its mode/ f>m inve/m5t is beg9n+ to h>ve/ appreciable traffic returns4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 "u ! guidance ( its presid5t1 ,w4 ,c4 ,br[n1 :o is ke5ly int]e/$ 9 ! revival ( f>m+ 9 ! ,ea/1 & :o p]sonally direct$ ! op]ation ( ! f>m specials ov] its l9es1 has pur*as$ two demon/ration f>ms--"o 9 ,c5tral1 ! o!r 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york4 ,x has hir$ a compet5t f>m] to h *>ge ( !m--,t4 ,e4 ,m>t91 ( ,we/ ,ru%1 :o made a fam\s record = himself 9 gr[+ #cjj bu%els ( potatoes to ! acre on l& t _h nev] be=e gr[n m ?an sixty4 ,!y w also s]ve z object lessons1 & :5 !y h be5 develop$ to _! capacity1 !y w be sold at a f> high] price ?an ! song = :i* !y 7 pur*as$ 9 rund[n condition4 ,! proce$s w be turn$ ov] to ! pur*ase & developm5t ( neglect$ acres 9 o!r sections along ! l9es ( t sy/em4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral is also mak+ its own special developm5t ( ! f>m special idea1 by tak+ two coa*es & mak+ !m into agricultural c>s at its ,we/ ,albany %ops4 ,^! c>s w n run sporadically on special tra9s b w be 9 use ! entire ye> r\nd1 be+ dropp$ at "o little t[n aft] ano!r = a day or two days or ?ree days1 9 ord] t ! f>m]s f ! surr\nd+ di/rict may drop 9 to receive a little practical in=mation4 ,?r\gh ! s*ools ( a numb] ( corn-gr[+ ,/ates1 into :i* ?is "w has spread1 boys & girls are be+ /imulat$ by prizes to plant little pat*es ( corn4 ,out ( ea* community :]e su* an exhibit is held1 t5 prize-w9n+ e>s are s5t to ! c\ntry fair4 ,f ?is ! be/ t5 e>s are s5t to ! ,/ate fair1 & int]/ate competition is already be+ develop$4 ,!re is ano!r side to ?is4 ,! railroads are mak+ m ?an a new traffic = !mselves1 !y are mak+ a new weal? = ! communities ?r\gh :i* _! rails are /ret*$4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ by a ,p5nsylvania agronomi/ t ! value ( ! /aple f>m crops 9 ! ,key/one ,/ate 9 a s+le ye> exce$s #agj1jjj1jjj2 & t "s #bbd1jjj f>m]s ent]$ into ?is production4 ,if by tra9+ & education ea* ( ^! f>m]s c increase 8 yield ( corn "o bu%el to ! acre1 ! additional corn rev5ue f t "o ,/ate w\ld be #a1jdd1jjj4 ,fur!r ?an t1 he says t #ghj1jjj w\ld roll into ! pockets ( ^! f>m]s if !y w\ld *oose _! se$ corn c>efully & ?us add t5 k]nels to ea* e> ( corn gr[n by !m 9 ! c\rse ( a twelvemon?4 ,t sort ( ?+ looks l a coop]ative b5efit f almo/ any angle f :i* y may view x4 ,! ,rock ,isl& ,railroad has begun to prea* dry f>m+ d[n ?r\gh ! ,s\?we/4 ,:eat six feet 9 l5g? is exhibit$ by t railroad 9 its (fices ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ z sample ( :at ! f>m]s 9 its t]ritory d1 "u its help & sup]vision4 ,t sort ( ?+ sil5tly makes traffic e day 9 ! ye>4 ,x is wor? a doz5 times :at x co/s ! railroad4 ,b ! railroad is n conf9+ its ef=ts at mak+ traffic to ! products ( ! soil4 ,:at is good me?od ) ! f>m] is simil>ly good me?od ) ! manufactur]4 ,s y n[ see ! railroads1 ea/ & we/1 work+ ) ! aid ( indu/rial commission]s4 ,! indu/rial commission] is l a ,high ,m9i/] ( ,comm]ce4 ,take1 = in/ance1 a typical railroad runn+ f ,new ,york to ,*icago4 ,x has ample docks ^u ! sea bo>d1 ext5sive ramifications )9 ! coal-m9+ di/ricts2 9 ! ,we/ x taps bo? ! ,great ,lakes & ! transcont95tals1 :i* rea* across ! l& to ! ,pacific4 ,9 all ?is di/rict x is "u h>d competition1 ga9+ its traffic--e ton ( x--by ! sweat ( ! g5]al traffic-manag]'s br[4 ,t railroad has its ,indu/rial ,commission]1 & if y are a prospective manufactur] look+ = a site = a new plant1 y are sure to come to him4 ,y tell him t y want to build a factory4 ,he tilts back 8 *air & looks at y easily4 ,:at k9d ( a factory8 he asks4 ,we've room = #aj1jjj m along our rails4 ,if x's a silk mill ,i c sugge/ ,pat]son1 :]e ! help is tra9$1 & ! dyes & raw mat]ials h&y4 ,if y are go+ to turn out a /eel product some:]e 9 ! ,pittsburgh di/rict1 ,y\ng/[n1 ,ohio1 is ! mo/ economical po9t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day = ! turn+ out ( f9i%$ /eel4 ,p]haps y\rs is a cann+ factory1 he laughs4 ,if y want to c fruit we c fix y out up 9 ,we/]n ,new ,york among ! or*>ds2 if y want to c tomatoes1 well1 sir1 !re is no?+ l ,indiana = tomatoes4 ,y specify y\r new bus9ess & its requirem5ts 9 "s detail4 ,! eye ( ?is practical ,m9i/] ( ,comm]ce illum9es4 ,i h ! v ?+ y want1 he says1 )\t hesitation4 ,ov] at ,w----1 j half a mile above ! city limits along ! riv]4 ,x has sid+ facilities4 7,y may be fairly c]ta9 t ! sid+ facilities give *ief access to ! railroad t employs ?is p>ticul> ,commission]47 ,& y say y want fre% wat]4 ,well1 !re's five ?\s& gallons a day ( ! pure/ s(t wat] 9 ! ,ea/ = y4 ,8 eyes %9e ) en?usiasm4 ,he rea*es = 8 pap] block & ! next in/ant he is sket*+ ! plot = y ) rem>kable accuracy1 & ) a similitude ( scale4 ,"h is ! riv] & !re is :]e y c build y\r dam4 ,ov] !re is ! ma9 l9e ( ! be/ railroad 9 ,am]ica 7he leaves no d\bt 9 y\r m9d z to t72 & y\r sid+ c g 9 !re ) less ?an a qu>t] ( "o p] c5t grade4 ,! highroad is !re1 & close by x ! trolley lead+ into t[n4 ,!y've a surplus ( help ( ! k9d y want 9 ,w----1 he adds4 ,y'll nev] run %ort ( h&s !re4 ,x s\nds good1 & )9 a week y are b\nd to ,w---- ) him to meet ! ,secret>y ( ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce4 ,if ?+s are z he has repres5t$ !m to y1 & y\r m9d is unbias$1 y build y\r factory1 & ! railroad picks up #bjj tons a day (f y\r sid+4 ,t s+le transaction has be5 wor? ! ,commission]'s sal>y = a ye> to x4 ,!re is a v>iety ( me?od 9 mak+ traffic4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! g5]al pass5g] ag5t has to keep 8 end up4 ,any ,g4 ,p4 ,a4 ( to-day f\nd ent]ta9+ ! old-fa%ion$ idea t ! traffic t fl[s ( its own volition up to ! ticket-wickets is go+ to be suffici5t to satisfy 8 employ]s is out ( pres5t-day developm5t4 ,! g5]al pass5g] ag5t :o gets patt$ on ! back n[adays is ! man :o goes to ! presid5t 9 a dull season ) a %eet %[+ ga9s ov] a prec$+ busy season4 ,he may h to br+ wat] f /ones to increase t tide ( traffic1 b x mu/ be increas$4 ,!re are no two ways ab\t :at is expect$ ( him4 ,s he gets out1 l ! traffic p f ! freight end ( ! railroad1 & he keeps 9 con/ant t\* ) 8 t]ritory1 ) ! t[ns along ! l9e & ! ag5ts :o are work+ "u him4 ,if he is in/rum5tal 9 locat+ a big conv5tion at "s po9t :]e 8 l9e w receive ! lion's %>e ( ! bus9ess1 t is a good trick & wor? :ile4 ,a lively conv5tion w d a lot t[>d brac+ up a weak pass5g] %eet 9 "s dull mon?4 ,"o railroad rea*+ out ( ,new ,york into ! m\nta9s at ! nor!a/]n corn] ( t ,/ate & los+ itself at "s obscure t[n1 a railroad )\t valuable connections & ramifications1 has made its pass5g] bus9ess a little gold-m9e by sci5tific nurtur+4 ,x s5t its pass5g] repres5tatives up into ! c\ntry t[ns1 & !y s\ght to improve conditions ( e sort !re4 ,!y />t$ agitation = bett] roads f ! railroad into ! upl&s :]e city folk 7 prone to w&]2 !y help$ ! bo>d+-h\se l&lord & ! c\ntry hotel-keep] to br+ _! facilities up to attractive /&>ds4 ,9 "s cases !y induc$ capital to come 9 & build new hotels4 ,9 e case !y (f]$ free space 9 ! railroad's summ] resort lit]ature4 ,"u a s+le g5]al pass5g] ag5t pursu+ su* a campaign unflagg+ly ! pass5g] receipts ( t small railroad increas$ #abe p] c5t 9 eight ye>s6 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fam\s ,,?omas ,,viaduct1 ,,on ,,! ,,baltimore ,,ohio ,,at ,,relay1 ,,md41 ,,built ,,by ,b4 ,h4 ,,latrobe ,,9 #ahce1 ,,& ,,/ill ,,9 ,,use ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,hi/oric ,,/>ucca ,,viaduct ,,^u ,,! ,,erie ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cyl9d]s ,,( ,,! ,,delaw>e ,,hudson ,,mallet ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,int]ior ,,( ,,?is ,,gasol9e-,,motor-,,c> ,,on ,,! ,,union ,,pacific ,,pres5ts ,a ,,mo/ ,,unusual ,,effect1 ,,yet ,a ,,maximum ,,( ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,out] ,,_w ,take ! case ( ,atlantic ,city4 ,t t[n us$ to be a collection ( wood5 hotels1 set along a s&y1 pleasant bea*1 :i* 7 cont5t ) six or eight weeks ( good bus9ess 9 midsumm]4 ,! railroads t /ret*$ _! rails d[n to x regi/]$ good e>n+s dur+ t hot season1 & !y _h to put 9 ext5sive plants to h&le t six or eight weeks ( heavy traffic4 ,! ext5sive--& exp5sive--plants 7 idle a great "p ( ! ye>1 & !re 0 a lot ( capital wa/$4 ,! manag]s ( ! railroads told ! summ] hotel proprietors t1 & ask$ :y bea* prop]ty %\ld be a los+ inve/m5t t5 mon?s out ( ! ye>4 ,t 0 a new sort ( proposition = a summ] resort hotel proprietor b x seem$ s\nd argum5t & ! hotels ext5d$ _! seasons at ei!r end4 ,!y comb9$ ) ! railroads 9 mak+ attractive special rates = ^! dull] p>ts ( ! season1 & be=e long ! spr+ 0 well nigh z popul> & z pr(itable z midsumm]4 ,folk came ov] f ,philadelphia & ,pittsburgh1 & up f ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton1 to sp5d _! summ]s at ,atlantic ,city1 & ! sci5tific bus9ess-mak+ !re creat$ a fa%ionable season = ,nor!rn]s f ,ea/] =w>d4 ,! build+ ( wood5 hotels ceas$1 & firepro( /ructures ( brick & /one1 /eel & concrete1 began to rise along ! bea*4 ,capital ceas$ to lie idle at ,atlantic ,city4 ,! hotels began to keep op5 ! ye> ar\nd1 & ! sci5tific me?od ( ! bigge/ ( ! railroads _h be5 s effectual t x built a million-doll> bridge across ! ,delaw>e at ,philadelphia to h&le ?r\gh traffic d[n to ,atlantic ,city4 ,/ill ! railroads work$ 9 h>mony ) ! hotels1 & ! fa%ionable season began at ,*ri/mas in/ead ( ,ea/]4 ,be=e long !y w make ! fall fa%ionable1 & !n ! hotels w be cr[d$ all ! ye> r\nd4 ,:5 !re is a lull 9 ! season !y br+ on half a doz5 conv5tions & fill ! tra9s & ! hotels ) ! delegates4 ,t ,atlantic ,city plant does n lie idle mu* ( ! "t4 ,!re are ne>ly #hjj hotels !re to-day--m ?an fifty ( !m huge /ructures--& on a busy day #cjj1jjj p are along ! fam\s bo>dwalk above ! bea*4 ,9 dull days ! big hotels are com=tably fill$4 ,! hotel m5 h made =tunes1 ! railroads h add$ millions ( doll>s to _! pass5g] e>n+s because ( ,atlantic ,city4 ,!re y h ! be/ example ( ?is new cre$ ( ! practical railroad]--mak+ traffic4 ,x is n a lo/ example4 ,across ! l& e city & t[n1 e resort1 f ! haughty spa ) a clu/] ( brilliant hotels d[n to ! humble/ inn t ev] cuddl$ by ! %ore ( a silv]y lake1 is tak+ notice ( ! cre$4 ,! f>m] is b5d+ himself to increase ! yield ( 8 l&1 :ile ! railroad reaps a b5efit4 ,! m>ketman f t[n is rea*+ out = bett] s\rces = 8 ne$s2 ! railroad helps him & reaps a b5efit4 ,! resort hotel arranges a jo9t rate & ticket ) ! railroad1 :i* cov]s bo? transportation & bo>d = a week-end 9 ! dull season1 & ! pass5g] receipts are swell$ 9 "s degree4 ,t is :at ! railroad] calls mak+ traffic4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,express ,,s]vice ,,& ,,! ,,railroad ,,mail ,,developm5t ,,( ,,express ,,bus9ess--,,railroad ,,conductors ,,! ,,fir/ ,,mail ,,& ,,express ,,mess5g]s--,,william ,f4 ,,h>nd5',s ,,express ,,s]vice--,,po/age ,,rates--,,e/abli%m5t ,,& ,,organization ,,( ,,great ,,express ,,companies-- ,,collection ,,& ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,express ,,matt]--,,relation ,,betwe5 ,,express ,,companies ,,& ,,railroads--,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,po/-,,(fice ,,dep>tm5t--,,/ati/ics--,,railroad ,,mail ,,s]vice--,,newspap] ,,deliv]y-- ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,mail ,,matt]--,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,s]vice4 ,:ile ! great transportation functions ( ! railroad are devot$ to ! comp>atively simple problems ( solicit+ & c>ry+ bo? pass5g]s & freight 9 ord9>y *annels1 !re are1 nev]!less1 special functions ( ! c>ri] t dem& "s slight att5tion 9 pass+4 ,^! functions might q prop]ly be kn[n z ! by-products ( transportation4 ,! mo/ important ( !m are ! c>ry+ ( small packages ( r great] value ?an t ! railroad ord9>ily gives to ! goods t x h&les 9 its own c>s1 & ! c>ry+ ( lett]s & p]iodicals4 ,^! la/ two are h&l$ z a monopoly by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 :i* also competes ) a half-doz5 big private corporations 9 ! transportation ( m]*&ise 9 small individual lots4 ,! ,gov]nm5t calls its s]vice ! railroad mail & x is ! bone & s9ew ( ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t4 ,! private corporations1 creep+ 9 ^u :at is also g5]ally a gov]nm5t monopoli/ic privilege 9 o!r l&s1 h&le :at !y are pleas$ to call ! express bus9ess4 ,_! bus9ess has gr[n up alongside ( t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t & ! developm5t ( ! two has run 9 v simil> *annels4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! express bus9ess1 l a good _m o!r big bus9esses1 began 9 r simple fa%ion4 ,be=e ! railroad came into be+1 ! citiz5s 9 ! diff]5t t[ns ( ! "y & r sprawl+ nation along ! ,atlantic seabo>d f\nd x a difficult problem to communicate ) "o ano!r4 ,!y us$ to entru/ lett]s & valuable packages to ! driv]s ( /age-coa*es or to ! capta9s ( coa/+-vessels4 ,if ! driv]s or ! capta9s rememb]$ ! lett]-packet or ! package1 x 0 safely deliv]$4 ,if !y =got--6 ,s1 :5 ! railroad came & drove ! old /age-l9es out ( bus9ess1 ! conductors ( ! tra9s 7 ask$ to accept ?is side responsibility z an in=mal "p ( _! "w4 ,z long z ?is mess5g] function rema9$ a slight ?+1 ! railroads paid little att5tion to ! practice1 b aft] a :ile1 ! conductors got to pay+ m att5tion to x ?an to runn+ ! tra9s & ! railroads f9ally _h to /op x4 ,9 ! gold5 age :5 ! conductor's job 0 develop+ ?is valuable p]quisite1 ,william ,f4 ,h>nd5 _h *>ge ( a pass5g] tra9 on ! old ,bo/on ,worce/] ,railroad--a "p ( ! ,bo/on ,albany1 :i*1 9 turn1 is a "p ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral l9es4 ,h>nd5 _h ent]$ railroad s]vice 9 #ahcd1 :5 he 0 b tw5ty-two ye>s old4 ,he =esaw ! day :5 ! railroads w\ld h to put a /op to _! conductors act+ z mess5g]s = ! g5]al public1 & s1 a few ye>s aft] he _h gone to "w = ! ,bo/on ,worce/]1 he w5t to ! sup]9t5d5t ( t highly prosp]\s little l9e1 z well z to ! highly prosp]\s ,bo/on ,provid5ce1 & ask$ = an exclusive contract = an express s]vice ov] x z "p ( a ?r\gh r\te betwe5 ,new ,york & ,bo/on4 ,s x came ab\t t 9 a ,bo/on newspap] ( ,febru>y #bc1 #ahci1 ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t appe>$3 ,bo/on & ,new ,york ,express ,c>4 ,william ,f4 ,h>nd5 has made arrangem5ts ) ! ,provid5ce railroad & ! ,new ,york ,boat company to run a c> ?r\gh f ,bo/on to ,new ,york & vice-v]sa f\r times a week comm5c+ ,monday1 ,m>* #d4 ,he w accompany ! c> himself1 take c>e ( all small packages t may be entru/$ to 8 c>e & see !m safely deliv]$4 ,all packages mu/ be s5t to 8 (fice1 #i ,c\rt /reet1 ,bo/on2 or #a ,wall /reet1 ,new ,york4 ,t c> 0 a flight ( ,h>nd5's imag9ation1 because = sev]al mon?s a valise suffic$ to c>ry all ! packages t 7 entru/$ to 8 c>e4 ,b he progress$1 & aft] a little "t he f\nd x necess>y to engage 8 bro!r & /ill ano!r man to act z mess5g]s ) him4 ,! foll[+ ye> he ext5d$ 8 express s]vice to ,philadelphia & to ,europe4 ,y may be sure t ! success ( ,h>nd5's exp]im5t 0 be+ notic$ by ! ?rifty ,new ,engl&]s4 ,alv9 ,adams1 :o _h be5 9 ! groc]y commission bus9ess up 9 ,v]mont1 e/abli%$ an express s]vice ( 8 own 9 #ahdj1 :i* 9 due c\rse ( "t 0 to become ! ,adams ,express ,company4 ,x is possible t !re might h be5 to-day a ,h>nd5 ,express ,company z well1 if ,am]ica's pione] expressman _h n di$ six ye>s aft] e/abli%+ 8 int]e/+ v5ture4 ,aft] ,alv9 ,adams1 came a ho/ ( express s]vices spr++ up all ov] ! ea/]n end ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h5ry ,wells1 :o _h be5 ! associate ( ,h>nd5 9 ! developm5t ( 8 bus9ess1 =m$ a p>tn]%ip ) "o ,george ,pom]oy = a s]vice betwe5 ,albany & ,buffalo4 ,william ,g4 ,f>go1 ! freight-ag5t = ! "o-"t ,albany & ,syracuse ,railroad1 0 ! freight-ag5t = ,pom]oy & ,wells at ,buffalo 9 #ahdb4 ,wells & ,f>go ev5tually got toge!r1 & 9 ! ?robb+ days ( ! late =ties & ! fifties1 ,wells1 ,f>go ,co4 became an express s]vice ( magnitude1 a conc]n n to be lightly reckon$ )4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ! express companies came to _! fir/ prosp]ity ?r\gh ! ?+ t !y are n[ =bidd5 to c>ry--lett]s4 ,= 9 ! e>ly =ties ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t dem&$ six c5ts = c>ry+ a lett] ?irty miles1 eight c5ts = sixty miles1 t5 c5ts = "o hundr$ miles--! ratio /eadily progress+ until tw5ty-five c5ts 0 *>g$ = #dej miles4 ,^? rates _h be5 9 effect s9ce ! dep>tm5t 0 fir/ e/abli%$1 & ! s]vice 0 fe>fully sl[1 & untru/wor?y into ! b>ga94 ,! new express companies took advantage ( _! opportunity &--to cite a s+le in/ance--!y w\ld c>ry a lett] f ,buffalo to ,new ,york = six c5ts1 :ile ! ,gov]nm5t *>g$ tw5ty-five c5ts = a simil>1 b an inf]ior s]vice4 ,9 #ahej ! express s]vices 7 beg9n+ to be m]g$--,liv+/on ,company & ,wells ,company _h already =m$ ! ,am]ican ,express ,company4 ,f\r ye>s lat]1 ,adams ,company1 ,h>nd5 ,company1 & "s ( ! small] express s]vices unit$ 9 ! =mation ( ! ,adams ,express ,company1--& 9 t ye> ! m9/rel m5 began to ask ! "q3 ,= :om 0 ,eve made8 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,express ,company 0 also organiz$ 9 #ahed1 & all ?is :ile ,wells1 ,f>go ,company 7 =m+ hi/ory = !mselves 9 ! ,f> ,we/--c>ry+ mail out to ! gold m9]s & _! preci\s du/ ea/ 9 return4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,portion ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,d\ble-,,track ,,susquehanna ,,riv] ,,bridge ,,( ,,! ,,baltimore ,,ohio--,a ,,giant ,,among ,,am]ican ,,railroad ,,bridges ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,summ] ,,! ,,brakem5 ,,h ,,pleasant ,,en\gh ,,times ,,( ,,railroad+ ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,fam\s ,,cantilev] ,,rapidly ,,disappe>+--,,! ,,sub/itution ,,( ,a ,,new ,,k5tucky ,,riv] ,,bridge ,,= ,,! ,,old1 ,,on ,,! ,,que5 ,,cresc5t ,,sy/em ,by ! beg9n+ ( ! ,civil ,w>1 !re 0 a well e/abli%$ bus9ess1 a bus9ess e/abli%$ ) admirable =esight4 ,su* m5 z ,adams1 ,wells & ,f>go1 & ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,*5ey1 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,am]ican ,express ,company1 said t ! express bus9ess %\ld be kept )9 n>r[ limits--s )9 n>r[ limits x has be5 kept1 & to-day :5 ,h>nd5's suitcase has develop$ into a bus9ess pay+ lusci\s divid5ds on m ?an a hundr$ million doll>s ( capital /ock1 !re are five great companies3 ! ,am]ican ,express ,company1 ! ,adams ,express ,company1 ! ,wells1 ,f>go ,express ,company1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,express ,company1 & ! ,national ,express ,company4 ,! int]e/s ( ^! companies are closely int]wov5--= in/ance3 :ile ! ,national ,express ,company is op]at$ z a sep>ate bus9ess1 x is absolutely controll$ by ! ,am]ican ,express ,company4 ,9 addition to ?is ,big ,five1 !re is a clu/] ( small] companies1 su* z ! ,great ,nor!rn ,express ,company1 ( ,j4 ,j4 ,hill's sy/em1 ! ,s\!rn ,express ,company1 ! ,long ,isl& ,express ,co41 & two ?riv+ c>ri]s 9 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,^! 9 turn are m or less closely affiliat$ ) ! l>g] companies4 ,! express companies no long] =ce a man to br+ 8 %ipm5t to _! (fices4 ,9 e consid]able t[n1 !re are :ole fleets ( wagons t rea* to ! out]mo/ limits1 bo? = collection & = di/ribution4 ,9 ?is s]vice ! automobile truck has begun readily to displace ! old] type ( horse & wagon4 ,! wagon s]vice br+s ! express package1 no matt] h[ small or h[ l>ge1 to a c5tral di/ribut+ depot1 :]e all are ga!r$ toge!r & s5t1 9 ?r\gh railroad c>s1 to _! de/9ations1 be+ h&l$ v l>gely z we h se5 ! ,l4 ,c4 ,l4 freight h&l$ 9 ! great transf] h\ses ( ! railroads4 ,! express company gu>antees ! safe deliv]y ( ! package t is entru/$ to its c>e4 ,?is package may be ( ! smalle/ sort imag9able1 or x may be a consignm5t ( a million doll>s 9 specie4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! express company /ill accepts ! entire responsibility4 ,if !re are :ole brigades ( deliv]y wagons 9 ! cities !re are also :ole platoons ( special c>s own$ by ! railroads & d$icat$ to ! express s]vice4 ,?is br+s u to ! crux ( ! express "q--its relations to ! railroad4 ,^! are embrac$ 9 volum9\s contracts & subcontracts--:i* are g5]ally plac$ among ! secret ar*ives ( all ! companies t subscribe to !m4 ,! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission1 at ,wa%+ton1 has _h1 h[ev]1 access to mo/ ( ^! contracts & ( !m x has said3 ,! contract betwe5 an express company & a railroad company usually provides t ! express company %all h ! exclusive "r to op]ate ^u ! l9es nam$ = a def9ite t]m ( ye>s2 t all matt] c>ri$ on pass5g] tra9s1 except p]sonal baggage1 corpses1 milk cans1 dogs1 & c]ta9 o!r commodities1 %all be turn$ ov] by ! railroad company to ! express company2 t ! railroad company %all transport to & f all po9ts on its l9es all matt] 9 *>ge ( ! express company2 t special or exclusive express tra9s %all be provid$ by ! railroad company :5 w>rant$ by ! volume ( express traffic2 t ! railroad company %all furni% ! necess>y c>s1 keep !m 9 good repair1 furni% light & heat & c>ry ! mess5g]s ( ! express company z well z all necess>y equipm5t2 t ! railroad company %all furni% su* room 9 all its depots & /ations z may be necess>y = ! load+1 unload+1 & /or+ ( express matt]2 t ! express company may employ dur+ ! pleasure ( ! railway any ( ! ag5ts ( ! latt] z express ag5ts & may employ ! tra9 baggage-m5 z its mess5g]s4 ,! express company1 on its "p1 agrees to pay a fix$ p] c5t ( its gross receipts f h&l+ express matt]2 to *>ge no rate at less ?an an agre$ p] c5t ( ! freight rates on ! same commodity--usually "o hundr$ & fifty p] c5t2 to h&le1 free ( *>ge1 money1 bonds1 valuables1 & ord9>y express matt] ( ! railway4 ,! railroad mail s]vice is1 9 _m ways1 closely analog\s to t ( ! express s]vice4 ,to x also1 are devot$ :ole platoons & brigades ( especially equipp$ c>s1 & x comes "u ! direction ( ! capable traffic (fic]s ( a great gov]nm5t dep>tm5t4 ,! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t is practically z old z ! nation itself4 ,= x 0 away back 9 ,novemb]1 #aggf1 t ,eb5ez] ,haz>d1 :o _h be5 appo9t$ ,po/ma/] ,g5]al to ! ,cont95tal ,congress1 fil$ a memor&um ( g5tle compla9t because ( ! long di/ances he 0 compell$ to travel to keep pace ) ! w&]+s ( ! ,cont95tal ,army4 ,b x 0 n until ,george ,wa%+ton _h become ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,april1 #aghi1 t ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t came into any real semblance ( organization4 ,samuel ,osgood1 ( ,massa*usetts1 0 ! man to :om 0 giv5 ! task ( mak+ a real bus9ess out ( :at _h once be5 a haphaz>d c\rtesy ( ! pa/ ( /age-driv]s & %ips' capta9s4 ,"s m5 _h made individual bus9esses out ( ! managem5t ( /age-r\tes--9 fact1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 an e>ly po/man4 ,b ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t f ! beg9n+ creat$ ! mail s]vice z a monopoly = itself--foll[+ ! rule ( o!r nations4 ,9 #aghi ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t 0 a crude en\gh affair4 ,! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al _h b "o cl]k1 !re 7 b #ge po/-(fices & #a1hge miles ( po/-roads 9 ! :ole c\ntry4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! dep>tm5t's activities ! co/ ( mail transportation is giv5 z be+ #bb1jha1 ) ! total rev5ue #cg1ice4 ,! total exp5ditures ( ! dep>tm5t t ye> 7 #cb1adj1 leav+ a surplus = ! twelvemon? ( #e1gie1 a some:at bett] %[+ ?an has be5 made 9 "s ye>s s9ce t "t4 ,! report ( ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t = ! ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiaj1 lies be=e u z we write ?is *apt]4 ,x tells ! graphic gr[? ( a great bus9ess 9 "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s4 ,= 9 ?is la/ twelvemon? ! receipts 7 #bbd1abh1feg--;a really va/ sum comp>$ ) t mode/ #cg1ice = #aghi-ij4 ,! exp5ditures = ?is ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiaj1 7 ev5 high]--#bbi1igg1bbd--leav+ a deficit ( #e1hdh1efg4 ,! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al has ass]t$1 h[ev]1 t he w h succe$$ 9 turn+ t loss into a slight pr(it = ! ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiaa4 ,^! figures d n alone %[ ! gr[? ( ! mail s]vice ( a great l& t has become entirely dep5d5t ^u ?is great function ( its bus9ess & social life4 ,?9k ( ! #ge po/-(fices ( #aghi1 comp>$ ) ! #ei1ehj (fices ( #aiaj--;& t because ( ! m>vell\s developm5t ( ! rural free deliv]y dur+ ! pa/ t5 or twelve ye>s1 a decrease f ! high-wat] m>k ( #gf1fhh 9 #aijj4 ,figures are sometimes impressive & ! /ati/ics ( ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t %[ t #gh1eeg po/ma/]s1 cl]ks1 & c>ri]s give ! major portion ( _! "t to its s]vice4 ,9 addition to ^!1 ^? same /ati/ics enum]ate #dj1iig rural deliv]y c>ri]s1 :o br+ ! entire po/-(fice =ce up to ! a/\nd+ total ( #aai1eed m5 & wom54 99 99 99 99 99 ,)\t ! railroad ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t c\ld n h come to its pres5t great developm5t z "o ( ! *ief arms ( gov]nm5t activity4 ,! po/al s]vice is an int]e/+ adjunct ( ! railroad2 ! railroad is a vital factor 9 ! successful conduct & developm5t ( ! po/al s]vice4 ,away back 9 #ahcf1 ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ,b>ry1 9 8 annual report1 spoke ( ! rapid multiplication ( railroads 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry & ask$ if x 0 n wor? :ile to secure ! transportation ( mail ^u !m4 ,he add$3 ,already h ! railroads betwe5 ,fr5* ,t[n1 9 ,m>yl&1 & ,new ,ca/le1 9 ,delaw>e1 & betwe5 ,camd5 & ,s\? ,amboy1 9 ,new ,j]sey1 af=d$ great & important facilities to ! transportation ( ! great ,ea/]n ,mail4 ,z ,g5]al ,b>ry wrote1 ! ,baltimore ,ohio 0 sp9n+ its ext5sion l9es f ,baltimore to ,wa%+ton1 & he express$ an op9ion t ) t l9e a ?r\gh mail s]vice f ,new ,york to ,wa%+ton might be accompli%$ 9 sixte5 h\rs4 ,t s]vice is n[ made betwe5 ^? cities 9 five h\rs4 ,g5]al ,b>ry's appeal mu/ h br\ght fruit1 = ,congress1 on ,july #g1 #ahch1 pass$ an act approv+ e railroad 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a po/-r\te4 ,! railroads accept$ ?is responsibility ) alacrity4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio equipp$ comp>tm5ts 9 baggage-c>s runn+ betwe5 ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton1 :i* 7 kept tightly lock$ & to :i* only ! po/ma/]s ( ^? two cities _h access4 ,/ill ! e>ly me?ods ( h&l+ m]*&ise ( e sort 7 crude & x 0 n until ! days ( ! ,civil ,w> t ! railroad mail s]vice began to atta9 any?+ l its pres5t precision & dispat*4 ,mo/ great organisms are apt to trace _! developm5t to ! brilliancy or ! inspiration ( "o man or a gr\p ( m51 & ! railroad mail s]vice has be5 no exception to t rule4 ,w4 ,a4 ,davis1 a cl]k 9 ! po/-(fice at ,/4 ,joseph1 ,miss\ri1 9 #ahfb1 conceiv$ ! idea t railroad mail c\ld be assort$ on ! c>s be=e x rea*$ ,/4 ,joseph4 ,9 ^? days1 ,/4 ,joseph 0 a pretty important sort ( a place4 ,! ov]l& mail />t$ we/ f !re1 & ,davis ?\ght t if x c\ld be at lea/ p>tly assort$ be=e x rea*$ ,/4 ,joseph1 !re w\ld be no delay 9 />t+ ov]l&4 ,! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t enc\rag$ him & he began :at 0 de/9$ to become ! mo/ important & int]e/+ function ( ! railroad mail s]vice4 ,9 ! same ye>s t ,davis 0 /udy+ out po/al problems at ,/4 ,joseph1 ,col4 ,g4 ,b4 ,arm/rong 0 assi/ant po/ma/] at ,*icago4 ,he 0 ask$ by ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ,montgom]y ,blair1 ( ,presid5t ,l9coln's ,cab9et1 to und]take ! developm5t ( ! railroad mail s]vice4 ,he accept$ ! task ,augu/ #ca1 #ahfd1 & a little lat] 0 made ,g5]al ,railway ,mail ,sup]9t5d5t1 a position :i* he held until #ahga1 :5 he 0 compell$ to retire because ( ill heal?4 ,col4 ,george ,s4 ,bangs1 ( ,ill9ois1 succe$$ him1 & to ,col4 ,bangs 0 giv5 ! opportunity ( ! ?ird great developm5t 9 ! railroad mail s]vice4 ,9 8 report = ! ye> #ahgd he discuss$ ! possibilities ( e/abli%+ a fa/ & exclusive mail tra9 betwe5 ! two great po/al c5tres ( ! l&--,new ,york & ,*icago4 ,to quote f ,colonel ,bangs' report3 ,?is tra9 is to be "u ! control ( ! dep>tm5t s f> z x is necess>y = ! purpose design$1 & to run ! di/ance 9 ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x is conc$$ by railroad (ficials t ?is c be done4 ,! importance ( a l9e l ?is _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,x w\ld r$uce ! actual "t ( mail betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,z x w\ld necess>ily be e/abli%$ on "o or m ( ! trunk l9es hav+ an ext5d$ sy/em ( connections1 its b5efit w\ld be 9 no case conf9$1 b ext5d$ ?r\gh all p>ts ( ! c\ntry alike4 ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ,jewell lik$ ,col4 ,bangs' idea & told him to arrange ) ! ,lake ,%ore ,railroad & ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] ,railroad = a fa/ mail tra9 to leave ,new ,york at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+ & make ,*icago 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,b ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t1 :ile x might gr&ly ord] fa/ mail tra9s into s]vice1 _h no appropriation f :i* to pay = !m4 ,nev]!less1 ,col4 ,bangs appeal$ to ! old] ,v&]bilt1 own] ( bo? ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ,lake ,%ore ,railroads4 ,commodore ,v&]bilt 0 n a s5tim5tali/4 ,he _h little use = m5 :o came to him ) risky propositions & empty pocketbooks4 ,nev]!less1 ! mail tra9 idea appeal$ to ! old railroad]1 & he turn$ to 8 son1 ,william ,h4 ,v&]bilt1 & ask$ him :at he ?\ght ( ! idea4 ,! y\ng] ,v&]bilt sugge/$ build+ ! special c>s ne$$ = ?is s]vice & plac+ ! tra9 9 op]ation1 ) hopes ( remun]ation by ! foll[+ ,congress4 ,he felt t ! new tra9s w\ld in/antly become s popul> z to compel ,congress to provide = _! up-keep4 ,if y want to d ?is1 g ahead1 said ,commodore ,v&]bilt1 b ,i "k ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t1 & y w1 too1 )9 a ye>4 ,william ,h4 ,v&]bilt w5t ahead4 ,he con/ruct$ & plac$ 9 s]vice su* tra9s--( glitt]+ :ite & gold--z ! railroad _h nev] se54 ,nightly !y made _! spectacul> run betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago ) clock-"w regul>ity4 ,!y nev] miss$ connections4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad quickly foll[$ ! example ( its traditional rival4 ,)9 a half-ye> ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h su* a mail s]vice z x _h nev] dream$ ( possess+1 a mail s]vice a qu>t] ( a c5tury ahead ( any o!r nation 9 ! _w4 ,& yet ,congress did ! v ?+ t ! sagaci\s old ,commodore ,v&]bilt _h pr$ict$4 ,x absolutely refus$ to pay = ! fa/ mail tra9s1 & !y 7 tak5 out ( s]vice4 ,!re 0 ano!r factor 9 ! situation1 h[ev]1 & t always a lively factor--! public4 ,:5 ! man out 9 ,si\x ,city f\nd t 8 mail 0 aga9 tak+ eighte5 additional h\rs to rea* him f ,new ,york1 he rose up 9 all ! fulness ( up/rung wra? & let 8 ,congressman he> f him4 ,& he 0 only "o ( t5s ( ?\s&s ^: bus9ess com=t _h be5 height5$1 q imp]ceptibly1 by ! new tra9s1 & upset v p]ceptibly by _! )drawal4 ,!y 7 return$ to s]vice 9 #ahgg1 & h s9ce become s recogniz$ & useful a function ( ! mail s]vice t x w\ld be a bra% ,congress or ,po/ma/] ,g5]al :o w\ld ev5 attempt to t9k] ) !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sometimes y bru% elb[s ) ! railroad mail s]vice4 ,y notice p]haps1 ! big heavy c> up =w>d 9 ! long tra91 ) its op5 door & its gall[s-l crane = snat*+ mail-bags1 at cross-road /ations1 :]e ! ?r\gh tra9 does n ev5 deign to slack5 spe$4 ,if y h _h an important & delay$ lett] to po/1 y may h brea!d y\r little pray] ( ?anks to ! railroad mail because y are able to drop x into ! slot ( a c> t /ood1 t 0 halt$ = an impati5t m9ute or two 9 its race ov]l&4 ,b ^! are h>dly m ?an sup]ficialities ( ! s]vice4 ,if y wi% to come clos] to its he>t1 pres5t y\rself sometimes j be=e dawn at "o ( ! great railroad t]m9als ( a really metropolitan city4 ,y _h bett] pres5t y\rself 9 _s & n 9 fle%1 because ?is busy "t--:5 mo/ hone/ m5 are asleep--is n a "t :5 visitors are welcom$4 ,! ,gov]nm5t is s+ul>ly diffid5t ab\t %[+ ! inn] work+s ( its ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t4 ,b ^! inn] work+s are alive & al]t at ?ree o'clock ( ! morn+ t y come to ! plat=m %$s ( ! big t]m9al--y c see ! %ad[y outl9e ( ! d>k5$ build+ itself ris+ up beh9d y4 ,mo/ ( its plat=ms :i* by day are con/ant & brisk little highways1 are also d>k5$4 ,! long files ( empty coa*es t l9e ^! plat=ms reflect 9 _! _m w9d[s ! signal lights ( ! out] y>d4 ,n[ & aga9 y cat* ! flick] ( a po9t$ yell[ light aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( blackness--! bobb+ ( a wat*man's lant]n z he sees t all is well 9 ! few h\rs ( comp>ative quiet t come to ?is great t]m9al4 ,?is "o tra9 plat=m is al]t & alive--brilliant "u ! inc&esc5ce ( electricity4 ,a brigade ( %irt-sleev$ m5 l9e x1 :ile to its out] edge "o great wagon aft] ano!r--ea* %[+ ! r$1 :ite1 & blue ( gov]nm5t s]vice "u ! reflections ( ! arcs--comes roll+ up1 ) a fe>ful clatt] ov] ! r\gh pavem5t ( ! /ation y>d4 ,f ! cav]n\s recesses ( ^! great wagons _! /ores are p\r$ =?--doz5s & doz5s ( mail sacks ( lea!r & canvas1 ea* tagg$ & direct$ ) absolute accuracy4 ,! grimy granite bulk ( ! g5]al po/-(fice is a sc>ce half-doz5 blocks away f ?is t]m9al--an easy span = ea* ( ! great mail-wagons4 ,into t g5]al po/-(fice ! mail--lett]s1 newspap]s1 packages1 all ( inconceivable v>iety--has be5 p\r+ at flood-tide ev] s9ce ! close ( bus9ess n9e h\rs be=e4 ,! c>ri]s ) _! heavy p\*es began ?is tide2 wagons br++ _! contribution greatly swell$ x4 ,f ! ne>] /ations ! mail came1 sil5t & unse51 ?r\gh ! giant pneumatic tubes t rea* out f ! g5]al po/-(fice1 "u city /reets1 l great art]ies4 ,und]nea? ! gha/ly gre5 m]cury lamps ( ! di/ribut+ floor ( ! g5]al po/-(fice1 ! fir/ /eps 7 tak5 t[>d sep>at+ ! flood4 ,exp]t mail-cl]ks1 work+ "u trem5d\s t5sion1 made a r\gh classification ( all t come "u _! tra9$ f+]s--sometimes by c\nties1 aga9 by ,/ates1 or ev5 a gr\p ( ,/ates4 ,"o great subdivision 0 transcont95tal & transpacific4 ,?is tra9 ) its close connections on ! ,we/]n l9es w rea* ,san ,francisco j 9 "t to cat* !re a big1 r$-funnell$ /eam%ip ab\t to dep>t = ,yokohama & ,hong ,kong4 ,at ,hong ,kong ! r$-funnell$ boat w connect ) a ,p4 ,o4 /eam] ^: screws w h>dly cease revolv+ until %e rea*es ,calcutta4 ,! railroad mail s]vice is a ?+ t rea*es mu* f>!r ?an ! rights-(-way ( ! railroads !mselves4 ,!re are sev5 c>s 9 ?is tra9--five c>s = ! po/al s]vice & two *>t]$ by ! morn+ newspap]s4 ,!re are no coa*es4 ,n[ & !n "o ( ^! fly]s w deign to c>ry a s+le sleep]1 b su* is ! exception4 ,! fa/ mail does n /op to quibble ) su* trifles z pass5g]s4 ,x ev5 turns its %\ld]s ^u ! express companies--!y h _! own fa/ special tra9s across ! cont95t4 ,! la/ ( ! mail-wagons has deliv]$ its valuable load to ! c>s4 ,! f9al newspap] wagon comes da%+ up to ! plat=m--its horses a-fro? & its driv] on ! edge ( pr(anity4 ,"h's ! fir/s1 he yells4 ,big fire d[n ! wat]-front & !y want$ to make ! edition ) x4 ,we 7 ?ree m9utes late4 ,?ree m9utes late6 ,sev5te5 m9utes ago ! la/ ( ! smok+-hot =ms came f t newspap]'s /]eotyp+ rooms & "h are ! fir/ t5 ?\s& copies ( ! morn+'s run--fre% & damp smell+ ( ! =e/4 ,be=e ! driv] began 8 hurri$ explanation ( delay1 ! copies 7 be+ ?r[n into ! la/ c>4 ,he _h h>dly f9i%$ be=e a big bell1 high-hung some:]e 9 ! invisible blackness1 speaks its "o brief note ( au?ority2 lant]ns are rais$ alongside ! full l5g? ( ! tra9--! sev5 big c>s are s(tly gett+ into motion4 ,& be=e ?is tra9 is fully 9 motion ! newspap]'s mess5g]s are busy ) ! pap]s t h be5 ?r[n 9 at ! op5 door2 be=e x has bump$ its way ov] ! wide-spread+ ?roat at ! entrance ( ! t]m9al1 !y are br++ ! fir/ semblance ( ord] out ( ! m9iature m\nta9 ( newspap]s pil$ high on ! c> floor4 ,*aos1 did we say8 ,well1 h>dly t4 ,! circulation manag] ( ! metropolitan morn+ newspap] has be5 call$ a field m>%al ( ! empire ( pr9t1 & field m>%als incl9e to ord] r ?an to *aos4 ,x is less ?an sev5te5 m9utes f ! fir/ ( t torr5t ( newspap]s p\r+ f ! hopp] ( ! gr9d+ press1 yet "h !y are1 ea* 9 an accurate bundle ( n m ?an two hundr$ & fifty copies1 & accurately tagg$4 ,! label ( ea* bundle be>s 9 big cle> lett]s ! news company or deal] to :om x is consign$1 ! t[n1 ! railroad & its connections4 ,!re is n mu* *ance = errors "h4 ,z ! newspap] mess5g]s beg9 to arrange _! /ock--! pap]s = ! ne>e/ t[ns on top s t !y may be mo/ easily rea*$1 to be ?r[n (f :ile x is /ill dusk1 s t ,mr4 ,e>ly ,ris] may read 8 favorite metropolitan j\rnal z he sips 8 breakfa/ c(fee--s are ! mail-cl]ks 9 ! c>s ahead b5d+ to _! tasks4 ,r\ndab\t !m are r[s ( p\*es held 9 iron frames1 ) _! hungry ?roats held wide op51 & inf9ite racks ( small pigeon-holes--! same k9d t y rememb] 9 ! up-c\ntry po/-(fices4 ,:5 ! p\*es fir/ come into ! c> !y are op5$ & _! cont5ts dump$-up1 to use ! p>lance ( ! s]vice1 ^u ! %elf-l tables t run ! l5g? ( ! place4 ,! next process is fac+-up--br++ address$ sides ( all ! matt] upp]mo/ = facility 9 di/ribution4 ,& aft] t ! di/ribution itself--no easy matt] :5 all ! _w is con/antly writ+ to all ! _w1 & ! criss-cross curr5ts are all b innum]able4 ,s come all classes ( mail to ^! swift-fly+ c>s--lett]s1 newspap]s1 packages1 ! specially protect$ regi/]$ mail1--& = all ( ^! classes ! app>5tly endless sort+ goes /eadily =w>d1 :ile ! tra9 r\nds %>p curves & s5ds ! ord9>ily sure-foot$ cl]ks clut*+ h&rails = balance1 "u ! dead gl[ ( acetyl5e1 hold+ ea* sep>ate mail-piece = a fraction ( a second--sometimes long] if x be a /ick] 9 ! *irography or ! detail ( its address--& !n %oot+ x into ! prop] pigeon-hole or op5-m\!d p\*4 ,"s ( ^! c>s are de/9$ = cities or ,/ates or gr\ps ( ,/ates--! :eels "u "o ( !m are n go+ to cease revolv+ = any l5g? ( "t until x /&s on ! long ,mole1 opposite ,san ,francisco1 & ! ?r\gh p\*es1 ) ! ,briti% coat-(-arms & ! mean+ful ,g4 ,r4 /amp$ ^u !m1 are be+ %ipp$ abo>d ! r$-funnell$ /eam%ip :i* is to c>ry !m on ! la/ leg ( _! long j\rney ov] two seas & a broad cont95t1 f ,london to ,hong ,kong4 ,^! tra9s are no long] novel on ! mod]n railroad4 ,!y are e/abli%$ features ( ! tra9 s]vice4 ,f ,new ,york ,city goes =w>d "o-six? ( all ! mail matt] orig9at+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! aggregate circulation ( all ! ,new ,york morn+ newspap]s is some:at l>g] ?an ! aggregate circulation ( ! morn+ newspap]s ( ! o!r cities ( ! c\ntry1 s f ,new ,york !re goes =? betwe5 midnight & dawn a flotilla ( special mail & newspap] tra9s4 ,two ( ! fa/e/ ( ^! />t f ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation4 ,! ,bo/on ,special ( ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d leaves t spaci\s t]m9al at j #b3aj ,a4 ,m41 no matt] :at desp]ate excuses may be telephon$ at ! la/ mom5t by "s circulation manag] :o is confront$ by a disabl$ press1 or "s su* disa/]4 ,x slips ?r\gh ! suburban t]ritory )\t halt+--! ne>by commut]s are s]v$ ) _! pap]s & _! mail by ! e>ly morn+ locals4 ,bridgeport1 at #c3ca ,a4 ,m41 is ! fir/ halt2 ,new ,hav51 at #c3eb1 ! second4 ,at ,new ,hav51 ! pap]s = ,h>t=d1 ,spr+field1 & ! :ole ,connecticut valley c\ntry are ?r[n (f4 ,at ,new ,london1 :i* is rea*$ at #d3ec ,a4 ,m41 g ! pap]s = ,norwi*1 ,worce/]1 ,newport1 & ,new ,b$=d4 ,"o m halt1 at ,provid5ce1 & ! tra91 runn+ z fa/ z ! fa/e/ ( ,new ,hav5 fly]s1 is at ! ,s\? ,/ation1 ,bo/on--at j #g3bj o'clock4 ,a ,bo/on ,ma9e fly]1 tak+ mail & newspap]s away up ! coa/ ?r\gh ?ree ,/ates1 leaves ! ,nor? ,/ation at #h3ja ,a4 ,m41 & s !re foll[s a quick transf] ( mail & newspap]s ?r\gh ! twi/+ /reets ( ! ,hub4 ,! o!r e>ly morn+ fly] leaves ! ,gr& ,c5tral at #c3je o'clock1 & x makes its c\rse ov] ! ma9 /em ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,l9es4 ,x rea*es ,albany at #f3cj o'clock & n only di/ributes !re = ,we/]n ,massa*usetts & ,v]mont1 ! upp] ,hudson ,valley & ! ,lake ,*ampla9 t]ritory nor? to ,montreal1 b ov]hauls a pass5g] tra9 t left ,new ,york a little aft] midnight4 ,x cont9ues its c\rse ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! ,empire ,/ate--rea*+ ,syracuse at #aj3je ,a4 ,m4 & ,ro*e/] at #aa3dg ,a4 ,m4 ,at ,buffalo1 :i* is rea*$ at #a3bj ,p4 ,m41 !re are important connections = ! ,we/ & ,s\?we/1 & ! ,*icago lett]s 9 t grimy tra9 are go+ out on ! fir/ deliv]y f ! ,*icago po/-(fice ! next morn+4 ,! ,p5nsylvania hauls two great tra9s--built up ( mail sections f its new t]m9al on ,manhattan ,isl&1 :i* has a great po/-(fice 9 process ( gr[?1 built ov] a portion ( its plat=m tracks1 & newspap] sections f ! old ,j]sey t]m9al1 :i* is /ill mo/ conv5i5t to a majority ( ! metropolitan pap]s4 ,! fir/ ( ^! tra9s is b\nd = ! ,s\? & ! ,s\?we/4 ,x leaves ,new ,york at #b3bj ,a4 ,m41 passes ,philadelphia at #d3be1 & /eams into ,baltimore at #f3dj ,a4 ,m4 ,ano!r h\r sees x 9 ,wa%+ton & transf]r+ its load to ! mail-tra9s t are ab\t to />t = ! long j\rney to ,atlanta & ,new ,orleans4 ,a ,new ,york] soj\rn+ = a "p ( ! w9t] at ,palm ,bea*1 ,florida1 c be sure ( hav+ 8 favorite ,sunday pap] n lat] ?an ,tuesday morn+4 ,! second ,p5nsylvania tra9 leaves ?irty m9utes lat] & foll[s ! ma9 l9e ( t mu*-travell$ highway all ! way to ,pittsburgh1 :i* x rea*es j at noon4 ,o!r railroads out ( ,new ,york />t fa/ newspap] & mail tra9s j be=e dawn & comb9e regul> pass5g] facilities ) !m--! ,lehigh ,valley despat*+ a fly] at #b3jj o'clock f ! old ,p5nsylvania t]m9al 9 ,j]sey ,city = ! popul\s nor!a/]n corn] ( ,p5nsylvania & ! s-call$ ,s\!rn ,ti] ( ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,! ,lackawanna rea*es a some:at simil> t]ritory by its fa/ express1 :i* leaves ,hobok5 at #b3cj o'clock4 ,a simil> clu/] ( mail & newspap] fly]s />ts out ( ,*icago e>ly ea* morn+--ea/ ov] ! ,lake ,%ore1 ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral1 & ! ,p5nsylvania1 s\? ov] ! ,monon & ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral1 & we/ & nor?we/ ov] ! ,nor?we/]n1 ! ,rock ,isl&1 & ! ,santa ,fe4 ,o!r great cities foll[ ! same programme 9 less] scale--!re are _m important fa/-mail tra9s t make _! dep>tures f initial t]m9als ?r\gh\t all ! daylight h\rs & late into ! ev5+4 ,a regim5t ( mail-c>s make _! way ov] ! face ( ! l& on fa/ ?r\gh expresses ( e sort4 ,! po/al s]vice is a bus9ess ( magnitude )9 itself4 ,! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al's report = ! ye> end+ ,june #cj1 #aiaj1 gives a cle> conception ( its magnitude4 ,he %[$ !n t !re 7 #agf full railroad po/-(fice l9es1 mann$ by #a1gcf crews ( #h1ccb cl]ks4 ,!re 7 also #a1cib comp>tm5t railroad po/-(fice l9es--l9es 9 :i* a portion ( a baggage or smok+-c> is p>tition$ = ! sole use ( ! po/al s]vice--mann$ by #d1jhe crews ( #e1djg cl]ks1 #ah electric c> l9es ) #bj crews & #bb cl]ks1 & #ee /eamboat l9es ) #ih crews & #hf cl]ks4 ,( ! c>s built = ! exclusive use ( ! railroad mail s]vice1 #a1aad 7 9 use & #bjf held 9 res]ve1 :ile #c1bjh ( ! comp>tm5t c>s 7 9 use1 #eei ( ^! be+ held 9 res]ve4 ,9 addition1 ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t op]ates #be trolley mail-c>s4 ,great progress has be5 made 9 ! sub/itution ( /eel mail-c>s = wood5 ones--a real /ep =w>d :5 "o pauses to consid] ! dang]\s position 9 :i* ! mail-c>s are plac$ 9 mo/ tra9s4 ,! records ( ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t are fill$ ) /ories ( h]oism on ! "p ( mail-cl]ks 9 sav+1 bo? ! extremely valuable m]*&ise t is giv5 to _! c>e1 & va/ly m valuable human lives4 ,! li/ ( ! po/-(fice employees :o h met dea? :ile on duty 9 ! railroad mail s]vice is n a %ort "o4 ,b ! railroads are cop]at+ ) ! ,gov]nm5t 9 giv+ ! f9e/ type ( /eel c>s to its mail s]vice1--sixty ( ^! are already 9 use on ! ,p5nsylvania sy/em1--=1 z we /at$ at ! outset ( ?is *apt]1 ! transportation ( ,uncle ,sam's mail is no slight function ( ! mod]n railroad4 ,! big op]at+ m5 across ! l& are con/antly b5d+ _! heads ) ^? ( ! po/-(fice (ficials t[>d ! bett]m5t ( t transportation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,me*anical ,,dep>tm5ts ,,c>e ,,& ,,repair ,,( ,,c>s ,,& ,,eng9es--,,! ,,locomotive ,,clean$ ,,& ,,inspect$ ,,aft] ,,ea* ,,long ,,j\rney--,,frequ5t ,,visits ,,( ,,eng9es ,,to ,,! ,,%ops ,,& ,,f\ndries ,,at ,,altoona--,,! ,,table ,,= ,,te/+ ,,! ,,p[] ,,& ,,spe$ ,,( ,,locomotives--,,! ,,c> ,,%ops--,,/eel ,,c>s ,,beg9n+ ,,to ,,sup]s$e ,,wood5 ,,ones--,,pa9t+ ,a ,,freight ,,c>--,,lack ,,( ,,me?od ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,repair ,,%ops--,,se>* ,,= ,,flaws ,,9 ,,:eels4 ,to c>e = its roll+-/ock ! railroad creates two di/9ct functions ( its bus9ess4 ,all ! c>e ( its p]man5t way1 includ+ tracks1 tunnels1 bridges1 comes "u ! control ( ! ,ma9t5ance ,way ,dep>tm5t4 ,simil>ly1 ! ,me*anical ,dep>tm5t assumes control ( ! c>s & eng9es1 sees to x t ea* is ma9ta9$ to its fulle/ effici5cy1 bo? by c>e 9 daily s]vice & by c]ta9 visits to ! %ops at regul> int]vals1 = repairs1 recon/ruction1 & pa9t+4 ,to d all ?is requires a l>ge plant1 bo? 9 build+s & ma*9]y4 ,x is di/ribut$ at e important po9t along ! railroad4 ,at t]m9al & op]at+ po9ts1 r\ndh\se facilities ( great] or less ext5t are sure to be locat$1 & at ! headqu>t]s ( ea* division ^! are g5]ally exp&$ into %ops = ! mak+ ( light repairs & to avoid h&l+ crippl$ equipm5t = any great di/ance4 ,"o l>ge %op plant is apt to suffice ! av]age railroad = ! heavy repair "w4 ,if ! road /ret* to any extraord9>y l5g?1 ev5 ?is feature is apt to be duplicat$ 9 ord] to conc5trate ?is repair "w z f> z possible4 ,all ?is conc]ns ! c>e & repair ( ! locomotive--:i* ! railroad] quickly gr\ps "u ! title motive-p[]4 ,to c>e = ! eng9es :ile !y are 9 use out ^u ! l9e1 to see to x t eng9e]s & firem5 alike h&le ^! me*anisms ) economy & skill1 is a responsibility t is plac$ ^u ! road =eman ( eng9es ( ea* division4 ,he has sup]vision ov] small] r\ndh\ses b at any ( ! l>g] ( ^! /ructures !re is a r\ndh\se =eman 9 direct *>ge4 ,! railroad long ago le>n$ t its be/ economy re/$ 9 hav+ pl5ty ( executive control4 ,t has come to be "o ( ! maxims ( ! bus9ess4 ,!re is a ma/] me*anic 9 *>ge ( ! division %ops & 9 _m cases he has au?ority ov] ! road =eman ( eng9es & ! r\ndh\se =em54 ,!n "u him he has 8 v>i\s assi/ants1 =m+ a work+ =ce n at all unlike t ( ! av]age iron-work+ %op4 ,all ?is organism is ga!r$ toge!r "u a sup]9t5d5t ( motive p[]1 :o 9 turn may report to a g5]al me*anical sup]9t5d5t4 ,?is (ficial answ]s only to ! g5]al manag]1 or1 9 "s cases1 to a vice-presid5t to :om ^! functions ( ! c>e ( ! railroad are delegat$4 ,! proposition ( ! c>s is g5]ally treat$ q ap>t f t ( ! locomotive1 & sep>ate %ops "u ! direction ( a ma/] c>-build] & 8 assi/ants are locat$ at a few po9ts ^u ! sy/em1 :]e !y may be ( fairly easy access4 ,r\gh repairs 7! c>-build]s t]m ^! light repairs7 to c>s are c>ri$ =? at ea* division y>d4 ,?is "w is almo/ entirely conf9$ to ! freight equipm5t1 & a good "p ( x goes ^u =eign c>s--c>s t d n belong at all to ! railroad mak+ ! repairs4 ,?is feature ( ! repair "w is a direct result ( an elaborate sy/em ( int]*ange 9 freight equipm5t ^u ,am]ican railroads1 9 ord] to prev5t ! break+ ( bulk 9 ! %ipm5t ( m]*&ise f "o l9e to ano!r4 ,c>s w break d[n :5 !y are _m hundr$s ( miles away f home1 & ! railroad ^u :i* !y are op]at+ at ! "t c>ts !m to ! ne>e/ tempor>y repair y>d or to its own %ops1 makes ! necess>y repairs1 & *>ges = !m 9 accordance ) a scale prep>$ by ! national association ( ,ma/] ,c>-,build]s4 ,?is necessitates a va/ deal ( bookkeep+ & is only "o ( ! _m complications br\ght ab\t by our ext5sive plan ( railroad+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,! railroad w probably build ! great] "p ( its freight equipm5t1 al?\gh 9 ^! days ( ! supplant+ ( wood by /eel 9 c>-con/ruction ! companies are apt to /& appall$ at ! co/ ( ! /eel work+ ma*9]y1 & to buy _! c>s direct f ! manufactur]s v mu* z !y pur*ase _! locomotives4 ,pass5g] equipm5t is almo/ inv>iably secur$ 9 ?is way4 ,x is a big railroad inde$ t seeks to con/ruct = itself ! huge travell+ palaces t ! pass5g] ( to-day has come to dem& = 8 com=t4 ,! repair+ & ! pa9t+ ( ^! elaborate vehicles is en\gh ( a proposition 9 itself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to beg9 at ! beg9n+1 "o fir/ comes 9 contact ) ! me*anical dep>tm5t z x comes into con/ant contact ) ! op]ation ( ! railroad4 ,?is is ! m quickly obs]v$ at ! r\ndh\ses1 ^? great circul> /ructures t are a feature ( ! railroad section ( e important t[n4 ,9 ,engl& ! eng9e %$s1 z !y are !re kn[n1 are simple en\gh /ructures1 h\s+ a s]ies ( p>allel tracks1 :i* are s]v$ by ei!r a transf] table or swit*es4 ,su* a plan is pursu$ 9 ?is c\ntry only :]e space is at a premium--z 9 ! he>t ( "s great city :]e realty is exce$+ly high-pric$2 = ! heads ( our railroads h held t5aci\sly to ! easily op]at$ turntable & r\ndh\se s*eme4 ,! table1 g5]ally driv5 by electricity or a small dummy eng9e1 =ms ! c5tre1 ! r\ndh\se a segm5t ( ! entire rim ( ! :eel4 ,! great advantage ( its simple design lies 9 ! fact t x is in/antly possible to get at any "o ( ! fifty or m locomotives t x h\ses4 ,x is ?is feature t has ende>$ x to ! railroad man = _m ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,triple-,,phase ,,alt]nat+-,,curr5t ,,locomotive ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,g5]al ,,electric ,,co4 ,,= ,,use ,,9 ,,! ,,cascade ,,tunnel1 ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,railway ,illu/ration3 ,,heavy ,,s]vice1 ,,alt]nat+ ,,& ,,direct ,,curr5t ,,freight ,,locomotive ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,we/+h\se ,,company ,,= ,,! ,,new ,,york1 ,,new ,,hav5 ,,h>t=d ,,railroad ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,monoroad ,,9 ,,practical ,,use ,,= ,,c>ry+ ,,pass5g]s ,,at ,,city ,,isl&1 ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cig>-,,%ap$ ,,c> ,,( ,,! ,,monoroad ,! locomotive t hauls ! tra9 goes to its /all 9 ! r\ndh\se directly aft] its "w is done4 ,its crews1 hav+ f9i%$ _! run1 des]t x = ! "t be+1 & x comes )9 ! *>ge ( ! r\ndh\se =eman & 8 ho/l]s4 ,^! old t]ms are rem9isc5t ( ! days :5 ! r\ndh\se 0 a real /able & its d5iz5s fle% & blood horses4 ,n[ ! d5iz5s ( ! r\ndh\se are iron horses1 & 9 _! great size z !y re/ )9 _! h\se !y are indicative ( ! progress t has be5 made 9 ! design & con/ruction ( railroad equipm5t4 ,on ! way to ! r\ndh\se1 possibly on ! way f x 7! practice v>ies on diff]5t railroads7 ! eng9e w /op at ! a%-pit4 ,x w h its fires clean$ 9 a long pit t runs und]nea? a section ( track1 & !n pass on to ! coal+-%$4 ,! long pit at "s po9ts is fill$ ) iron buckets t run on :eels into :i* ! a%es are dump$ & ^! are empti$ by ov]head crane app>atus into a ne>by l9e ( empty gondolas1 ready to be tak5 away to be dispos$ (4 ,at ! coal+ %$ ! t5d] is fill$1 "s twelve or fifte5 tons be+ requir$ if ! eng9e is l>ge2 ! wat]-sp\t fills ! capaci\s tanks1 :ile ! ho/l]s take good c>e to see t ! s&-box is fill$1 z a precaution aga9/ slipp+ on ! next /eep grade4 ,!n on to ! turntable & ! wait+ /all1 until ready to g out aga9 ^u ! regul> s]vice or extra duty4 ,dur+ t "t x w be bo? clean$ & inspect$4 ,! fireman may be held responsible = ! cleanly appe>ance ( 8 eng9e above ! runn+-bo>d4 ,bel[ t1 ! "w w be delegat$ to ! r\ndh\se =ce4 ,! fireman w probably feel t x %\ld clean all ! eng9e4 ,:5 he feels p>ticul>ly aggriev$ ov] ! matt] x is "t = him to meet "o ( ! vet]ans ( ! s]vice1 :o w tell him ( ! days :5 ! eng9es 7 gayly ornam5t$ ) brass & light-color$ pa9ts1 & ! fireman's c>e] _h add$ to x an endless campaign ) 8 wip+ rag aga9/ ! t5d5cy ( ! bright-"w to t>ni%4 ,!re are "s ?+s t decid$ly favor ! fireman ( ! pres5t "t4 ,!re are n always suffici5t r\ndh\se facilities at e po9t2 ! traffic ( our railroads has a way ( con/antly runn+ away f ! facilities2 & s !re are _m times :5 ! eng9es mu/ be h\s$ 9 ! op54 ,b ! vigilance & ! c>e ^u !m are nev] relax$4 ,! railroad t is fooli% en\gh to try to save ^u ! ma9t5ance ( its motive p[] soon] or lat] pays a t]rible price = its p5uri\s folly4 ,s x comes to pass t e eng9e makes a regul> visit to ! %ops1 g5]ally at p]iods ( f t5 to f\rte5 mon?s1 dep5d+ ^u ! s]vice 9 :i* x is engag$4 ,on "s ( ^! visits1 x w be pretty completely dismantl$1 & a travell+ crane runn+ ! full l5g? ( ! erect+ %op w soon lift ! heavy boil] f frame & :eels & c>ry x d[n to ! boil]-mak]s1 ) no m difficulty ?an an automatic package c>ri] 9 a dry-goods /ore w\ld h4 ,!re is a deal ( pride & rivalry betwe5 ! m5 z to ! facility & spe$ t c be %[n 9 tak+ an eng9e 9 h&1 dismantl+ x completely1 mak+ necess>y repairs1 sett+ x up aga9 & plac+ x 9 s]vice once m4 ,! m5 ( ! ,erie %ops at ,hornellsville succe$$ 9 do+ ! trick a ye> or s ago 9 ! rem>kably %ort "t ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 t brief "t a locomotive came 9 f ! road1 b$raggl$ & begrim$ & m>k$ ,,tbmf = ! b5efit ( ! %op-m54 ,,tbmf translat$ means ,tires1 ,boxes1 ,ma*9e1 ,flues1 s specify+ ! eng9e p>ts to be repair$4 ,9 ! slang ( ! repair %op ! m5 say ,to ,be ,made ,fa/4 ,^! f\r requisites are ! ones mo/ necess>y to make ! locomotive fit = f #ej1jjj to #ge1jjj miles ( s]vice be=e %e %all aga9 turn into ! %op4 ,to make !m 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs requir$ "s plann+ on ! "p ( ! ,erie %op =em5 at ,hornellsville1 & yet x 0 only a few weeks aft] #agcd _h come out ( ! ,hornellsville plant fit = rev5ue s]vice 9 a s+le day & night1 be=e ! m5 ( ! rival ,susquehanna %op wi%$ a *ance at a conte/ ( t sort4 ,,tbmf g5]ally keeps a locomotive 9 ! %op = f a =tnight to ?ree or f\r weeks2 ! ,canadian ,pacific consid]$ t x _h done a rem>kable ?+ 9 effect+ ^! repairs on a locomotive1 ) a sup]-heat]1 at its ,w9nipeg %ops 9 #eg-a_/b h\rs4 ,! ,hornellsville record 0 "o mo/ rem>kable4 ,b ! ,susquehanna %op m5 took #bjah 9 (f ! road aft] #gj1jjj miles )\t repairs2 took 9 ! big pull] at #g o'clock 9 ! morn+1 made ! heavy ,,tbmf repairs1 & turn$ h] out = rev5ue s]vice at #g3cd o'clock 9 ! ev5+--?irte5 h\rs & ?irty-f\r m9utes4 ,at midnight %e 0 pull+ a heavy ?r\gh freight we/ once aga91 & a mo/ a/\nd+ record 9 ,am]ican %op "w _h be5 consummat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates h few su* t[ns z ,engl& possesses 9 ,sw9don & 9 ,cr$e1 railroad t[ns 9 ! di/9ctive s5se t !y 7 ! absolute creation ( ! railroad 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,!re is _m a t[n f "o ocean to ! o!r t has ow$ its /imulus & developm5t to ! location ( l>ge railroad %ops & t]m9als )9 its b\nd>ies1 b ! railroads h1 z a rule1 dodg$ ! creation ( di/9ctive t[ns4 ,pullman1 )9 ! outskirts ( ,*icago1 0 a monum5tal failure 9 ?is v sort ( ent]prise4 ,x 0 design$ & built to accommodate ! great c>-build+ %ops ( t man :o did ! mo/ ( all m5 to make luxury 9 railroad traffic--,george ,m4 ,pullman2 & no great] c>e 0 %[n 9 ! con/ruction & design ( ! works ?an 0 giv5 t[>d ! /ores1 ! *ur*es1 ! s*ools1 & ! homes ( ! workm54 ,pullman 0 decid$ly a model t[n2 yet ,pullman 0 a failure4 ,o!r model t[ns ( ! same sort 9 ,europe h be5 m>k$ successes1 & t v ?+ may well s]ve to illu/rate ! diff]5ce 9 temp]am5t betwe5 ! ,am]ican & ! ,european work+man4 ,! ,am]ican res5ts too mu* be+ done = him2 he is in/9ctively jeal\s ( 8 individuality4 ,away back 9 ! long-ago ! ,erie creat$ a railroad t[n at ,susquehanna 9 ! extreme nor? "p ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,x built %ops !re & soon aft] repeat$ ! exp]im5t at ,hornellsville 9 ! s\?we/]n "p ( ,new ,york ,/ate4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad simil>ly develop$ ,cumb]l&1 ,m>yl&2 & ! ,lake ,%ore1 ,elkh>t1 ,ind4 ,^! are few ( _m in/ances :]e a great railroad %op has s]v$ to develop a sizable t[n4 ,9 "s o!rs !y h develop$ important suburbs ( l>ge cities1 z ! ,lake ,%ore's plant at ,coll9wood1 at ! ea/]n edge ( ! city ( ,clevel&2 & ! great %ops ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral at ,depew1 9 ! outskirts ( ,buffalo1 :i* 7 built :5 ! plant at ,we/ ,albany c\ld no long] accommodate ! roll+-/ock ( a rapidly gr[+ sy/em4 ,9 ,altoona1 ,pa41 ! ,unit$ ,/ates possesses probably ! only di/9ctive railroad t[n ( ext5t )9 its b\nd>ies4 ,altoona 0 ! creation ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad m ?an half a c5tury ago1 & its progress1 c>efully /imulat$1 has proce$$ /ep by /ep 9 company ) ! progress ( "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ,am]ican railroad sy/ems4 ,! mi/akes ( ,pullman h n be5 repeat$ at ,altoona4 ,if ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad has rul$ ! city 9 ! hills1 x has rul$ x tacitly & tactfully at all times4 ,x has avoid$ ev5 ! appe>ance ( pat]nalism1 & ! gr[? ( ,altoona has be5 measur$ by ! gr[? ( ! c\ntry1 :i* 9 its turn is measur$ ) m>vell\s accuracy by ! gr[? ( ! railroad traffic4 ,s a trip to ,altoona & ?r\gh its great %ops w be illu/rative ( ! v be/ practice 9 ! con/ruction & ma9t5ance ( a railroad's c> & eng9e4 ,! ,altoona %ops are unusual 9 ! fact t bo? locomotives & c>s ( ! highe/ capacity & f9e/ type are built )9 !m1 9 addition to a great repair & refurni%+ "w be+ c>ri$ =w>d !re at all times4 ,to d ?is "w1 ! plant1 employ+ dur+ ! seasons ( heavie/ traffic some?+ l #ae1jjj m5--is divid$ into sev]al divisions t /ret* !mselves along ! railroad tracks = ab\t six miles4 ,! fir/ ( ^! divisions consi/s ( ! f\ndries1 devot$ l>gely to ! manufacture ( ca/-iron c>-:eels ( e size & grade4 ,ext5sive cupolas1 core-rooms & m\ld+-floors are provid$ = mak+ #a1jjj c>-:eels e #bd h\rs4 ,!re is ! blacksmi? %op z "p ( ?is p>ticul> plant4 ,! blacksmi? is "o ( ! h&ie/ ( m5 ab\t a railroad %op & "o ( ! few to survive ! almo/ univ]sal introduction ( ma*9e processes4 ,!re are also ! ma*9e & patt]n %ops1 toge!r ) a l>ge f\ndry = ! manufacture ( ca/+s = c>s & locomotives1 hav+ a capacity ( #bjj tons a day4 ,! second division ( indu/rial activity at ,altoona is ! locomotive repair %op4 ,?is is ! l>ge/ ( all ! individual plants at t po9t1 employ+ ab\t #e1jjj m51 & ) its ?ree- & f\r-/ory /ructures built closely )9 a busy y>d x is a v]itable city )9 a city4 ,x has a capacity ( ab\t #a1hjj recon/ruct$ & repair$ locomotives a ye> & is a %op well calculat$ to fill any "o ) respect4 ,! ?ird division is ! ,junction %ops1 :]e ! new locomotives are built2 #a1hjj m5 are employ$ )9 x1 & !re m5 take ! new ca/+s & =g+s 7mo/ ( ! ca/+s com+ up f ! giant f\ndries t we h j notic$71 & f !m !y create t almo/ human ?+1 ! railroad locomotive4 ,:5 ! locomotive em]ges f t %op x takes its turn ^u ! te/+-table1 ! me*anical exp]ts place _! f9al /amp ( approval ^u x1 & at la/ x goes out f ! %op1 "u its own /eam1 to p]=m ! great "w = :i* x 0 creat$4 ,! te/+-table is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ,altoona's activities4 ,! eng9e is run ^u a s]ies ( :eels t fit exactly und]nea? its own2 x is fa/5$ snugly into place2 connections are made ) a score ( pipes & rods t fit ^u its me*anism1 & x />ts (f = a run up ov] ! division4 ,x runs miles & miles1 snort+ furi\sly ov] ! h>d grades & "u ! heavy loads x has to haul1 & yet x does n move ev5 ! f9e/ fraction ( an in* f t te/+ table4 ,its me*anism ?robs ) en]gy1 its :eels revolve at a fe>ful rate2 yet x is a helpless cag$ creature 9 a seem+ly impot5t en]gy1 z ! m5 9 *>ge ( ! te/ wat* a doz5 dials1 notebooks 9 h&4 ,! big driv+ :eels turn only ^u ! friction :eels b5ea? !m b ! eng9e]s :o are conduct+ ! te/ c tell ! spe$ at :i* ! locomotive is travell+--9 !ory--by ! almo/ human ne$les ^u ! dial-faces4 ,!re is m delicate sci5tific app>atus beh9d ! eng9e4 ,x is /ripp$ f its t5d] = ?is te/1 & by ?is app>atus ! pull ( ! eng9e ^u ! dead load ( ! tra9 c be exactly e/imat$ 9 p\nds & ounces4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,! friction :eels und]nea? ! driv]s are controll$ by p[]ful wat] brakes1 & by ! regulation ( ^! brakes1 /ra9s or h&icaps c be plac$ ^u ! eng9e exactly simil> to ^? ( ! grades x may h to rea* ov] a heavy m\nta9\s /ret* ( railroad4 ,!re is no guess-"w ab\t mod]n railroad+4 ,_m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s are sp5t ea* ye> 9 exp]t sci5tific te/s ( e sort1 9 ! sal>ies ( m5 :o devote _! entire "t to ?is "w2 & ! railroads reap ! b5efits 9 _m m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 op]at+ economies4 ,railroad+ is a pretty exact sci5ce2 ! big eng9e on ! te/+-table at ,altoona is only "o ( a ho/ ( evid5ces ( ! skill & g5ius t are be+ br\ght to be> ^u ! op]ation ( ! great railroad prop]ties ( ! c\ntry at ! pres5t "t4 ,?is eng9e goes ^u diet4 ,dr4 ,wiley d[n at ,wa%+ton ) 8 "y m5 su/a9+ !mselves sci5tifically ^u measur$ & select$ foods has some?+ ( ! same me?od t is %[n ) ! te/ eng9e up at ,altoona 9 ! hills4 ,its supply ( coal is c>efully weigh$ & analyz$ by sample4 ,an acc\nt+ ( ! am\nt consum$ d[n to ounces is c>efully kept1 ! wat] supply is also exam9$ & measur$ ) great c>e4 ,:5 ! te/ is f9i%$ & ! big *aotive eng9e has cov]$ miles ( !oretical grades ) a long !oretical tra9 hit*$ on beh9d1 ! exp]ts get busy ) _! p5cils & beg9 to prep>e ! reports ^u :i* _! *ief may rely :5 he goes ahead to con/ruct ano!r gross ( #ajj-ton locomotives4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! c> %ops rank next 9 importance to ! locomotive %ops4 ,! =eman ( ?is plant tells y casually t x has an annual capacity ( #cjj new pass5g] c>s & #c1fjj new freight c>s4 ,x is a great plant ( itself1 "s sev5ty acres ( gr\nd cov]$ ) great con/ruction build+s4 ,"s ( ^! are 9 r\ndh\se =m1 = conv5i5ce 9 h&l+ equipm5t "u con/ruction2 o!rs are set side by side & easily rea*$ by use ( a long transf] table4 ,! "w ( erect+ ! freight equipm5t is c>ri$ on q sep>ate f t ( ! pass5g] c> "w4 ,! almo/ univ]sal use ( /eel 9 ! manufacture ( e sort ( freight c>1 save ! box-c>s1 :i* /ill h wood5 walls & ro( built ^u a /eel f\ndation1 has made a l>ge /eel-work+ %op a necess>y adjunct ( e c>-build+ plant4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features ( ! ,altoona c>-build+ plant is a giant hydraulic press situate 9 ! op51 j outside ( ! /eel-work+ plant4 ,?is press br+s a dead weight ( #a1ejj tons d[n ^u ! %eet ( /eel t x receives4 ,x is us$ 9 mak+ ! sills ( ! freight-c>s--fi%-bellies1 ! ma/] c>-build]s call !m--& "u t giant press a %eet ( /eel1 "o-half in* 9 ?ickness & f ?irty to =ty feet 9 l5g?1 is b5t into %ape z easily z y might b5d a %eet ( s(t c>dbo>d )9 y\r f+]s4 ,! press makes _m hundr$ fi%-belly sills e work+ day1 & x pays its way4 ,! /eel-work+ 9 ?is %op has be5 c>ri$ =? into pass5g] c> con/ruction & a great %$ giv5 ov] = t "w4 ,)9 x "o sees ! gaunt frames ( ! c>s t are to be1 ga9+ %ape1 until at ! f> end ( ! %op is a l9e ( ! c>s1 complet$ z f> z ! /eel work]s c c>ry !m1 & ready to be swung by "o ( ! ev]-busy swit*-eng9es to ! f9i%+ %op1 & !n f9ally to ! pa9t %op4 ,ev5 ) ! /eel c> com+ into its own1 !re are /ill hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( wood5 c>s 9 op]ation2 & ! con/ruction ( wood5 c>s w n cease = _m ye>s4 ,:ile /eel z a raw mat]ial is n f> 9 advance ( ! co/ ( wood ^! days1 ! co/ ( fa%ion+ x into c>s is /ill s excessive z to make x impracticable save 9 cases ( extremely pr(itable op]ation4 ,"o ( ! /ronge/ po9ts 9 favor ( /eel 9 c>-con/ruction is t ( ! economy ( its ma9t5ance1 always a /rong po9t ) railroad m54 ,! wood5 c> feels ! we> & te> ( life ^u ! rail ke5ly2 9 ! case ( a wreck x is n to be ev5 comp>$ ) ! /eel c>4 ,x %\ld n be =gott51 ?\gh1 t ! railroads h _m ?\s&s ( wood5 pass5g]-coa*es /ill 9 s]vice1 & ! sub/itution ( /eel equipm5t = ^! has only j begun4 ,! av]age life ( a c> approximates tw5ty ye>s1 & ! simple/ ( railroad economics dem&s t ^! c>s be reta9$ = _! active life4 ,z !y we> out /eel c>s c be1 & !y already are be+1 sub/itut$ by ! great sy/ems4 ,?is new equipm5t is be+ us$ at fir/ ^u ! ma9 l9es & ?r\gh tra9s1 :]e bo? spe$ & d5sity ( traffic dem& ! railroad's be/ equipm5t4 ,gradually x w be spread to ! tra9s & bran* l9es ( less importance4 ,) ! wood5 c> /ill a factor 9 railroad equipm5t1 ! c>p5t] has n yet lo/ 8 vocation 9 ! %ops4 ,!re is mu* ( ! co>s] "w on ! freight c>s = him2 9 ! elaborate pass5g] coa*es1 d9+-c>s & o!r equipm5t ( t class1 ! great mass ( cab9et "w /ill dem&s ! cunn+ ( 8 h&s4 ,"h 9 ! miscellane\s c>p5t]-%op he is at "w ^u a seat frame = a day-coa*1 a %ade fixture1 a brok5 *air f a d9+ c>1 a baggage truck f "s /ation2 !re is pl5ty ( "w = ! c>p5t] ar\nd a c>-%op4 ,x is a matt] ( pride ) ! railroad to keep its pass5g] equipm5t bright & %9y & new ( appe>ance4 ,x is "p s5tim5t & "p good bus9ess4 ,= a railroad _c hope to attract pass5g]s ) dirty1 unkempt1 wea!r-beat5 c>s4 ,s x is t ! pa9t-%op is a l>ge function ( ! c>-%op4 ,am]ican railroads may n g q z mu* into gaudy c> decoration z d ! railroads ( ,engl& & cont95tal ,europe4 ,ea* ye> ! canons ( simple good ta/e are driv+ ! c>-design]s to pla9] models1 b no exp5se is sp>$ to make c>-surfaces1 )9 & )\t1 z bright & %9y z ^? ( a private c>riage or an automobile4 ,s x is t a pass5g] coa* sp5ds f eighte5 to tw5ty days 9 ! pa9t-%op alone1 9 its p]iod ( refurbi%+4 ,x is prim$ at fir/ & !n x receives f ?ree to five coats ( surfac]4 ,?is is all h&-"w1 requir+ bo? /rong muscles & inf9ite pati5ce on ! "p ( ! pa9t]s4 ,two or ?ree coats ( ! /&>d color ( ! railroad1 by :i* its equipm5t is kn[n di/9ctively1 are giv5 to ! ext]ior4 ,lett]+ & /rip+ foll[1 !n f9ally two coats ( f9e v>ni% are fl[$ & rubb$ to a high & brilliant poli%4 ,! c> is n[ ready = ! du/ & ! dirt ( ! l9e4 ,ab\t e ye> x w come back aga9 = re-v>ni%+ & at ! end ( ab\t eight ye>s x w aga9 und]go practically ! same treatm5t )9 ! pa9t-%op z 0 giv5 x at ! beg9n+4 ,x w come 9 ru/y & begrim$ aft] _m ?\s&s ( miles up & d[n ! toilsome l9e4 ,)9 ?ree weeks x w em]ge f ! pa9t-%op fre% & radiant1 hav+ obta9$ a new lease ( life4 ,if ! same process 7 to be appli$ to ! freight equipm5t1 ! pa9t-%op w\ld be ( almo/ unlimit$ size4 ,b freight-c>s are n v>ni%$4 ,!y are m]ely pa9t$ ) ! be/ ( "t-resi/+ pigm5ts1 usually a dull & sombre r$4 ,! freight-c>s lit]ally g ?r\gh a ba? 9 ! pa9t-%op4 ,exp]t pa9t]s /&1 l fire-fight]s1 ) a hose-nozzle 9 _! h&s4 ,?r\gh ! hose ! pa9t is =c$1 gallons ^u gallons ( x2 & :5 x is all ov] ! freight-c> is a f9e1 ev5 r$1 j l ! pa9t]s !mselves4 ,! lett]+ is a quick matt]1 ) ! use ( /5cils4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re rema9 two o!r great divisions ( a c5tral plant ( ?is sort--locomotive repair %ops & c> repair %ops1 = ! ne$s ( ! imm$iate divisions ) _! heavy traffic4 ,^! %ops1 ext5sive 9 !mselves1 pres5t no radical diff]5ces f ! usual division %ops :i* a great railroad ma9ta9s at e division op]at+ po9t 9 ord] to keep its roll+ /ock 9 ! be/ ( ord]4 ,!y are us$ to make light repairs4 ,! ma/] me*anic is a disc]n+ man4 ,he mu/ "k & judge accurately :5 a disabl$ c> or locomotive %\ld g to ! company's ma9 %ops1 :5 ! repairs c be/ be made at ! local plant4 ,x is "o ( ! po9ts ^u :i* ! economy ( ! %op sy/em dep5ds4 ,on ?is matt] ( %op economy :ole volumes might be writt51 & h be5 writt54 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( %op practices !re 0 little sy/em 9 ^! matt]s1 j z ! %op "w 0 reckon$ f> bel[ its real importance4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ( real railroads 0 ! ,columbia ,philadelphia--n[adays "o ( ! ma9 /ems ( ! ,p5nsylvania's trunk l9e--& x 0 f ! beg9n+ a railroad ( q heavy traffic1 d\ble-track$ & rea*+ into a fat c\ntry4 ,yet a %op at ,p>k]sburg1 halfway up ! l9e1 employ+ =ty m5 9 all1 0 consid]$ q en\gh = ! ma9t5ance ( equipm5t4 ,if "o ( ^? e>ly eng9es broke d[n at ei!r t]m9al1 ! eng9e]1 ! fireman & p]haps ! local blacksmi? _h to make _! own repairs4 ,no?+ 0 /&>d1 n ev5 ! sizes ( su* simple affairs z nuts & bolts4 ,ye>s ( railroad+ h *ang$ all ?is4 ,! ma/]-me*anics & ! ma/] c>-build]s meet 9 annual sessions2 & by means ( reports f _! exp]t committees h be5 evolv$ /&>ds 9 e detail ( roll+ /ock--/&>d mat]ials1 /&>d compositions1 /&>d sizes1 ev5 /&>ds 9 nom5clature ( railroad app>atus d[n to ! smalle/ p>ts4 ,ev5 ) ?is assi/ance !re /ill rema9s a mass ( detail 9 e railroad %op2 & a l>ge cl]ical =ce is "o ( its greate/ effici5cies4 ,a %>p & accurate acc\nt+ is kept ( ! co/ ( repairs ^u ea* locomotive & c>1 ev5 su* g5]al %op co/s z gas & heat are pro-rat$ aga9/ x4 ,!re is no "t t ! railroad _c tell to a nicety ! precise co/ ( ea* unit ( its equipm5t4 ,^! units are n1 9 _m roads1 increas$1 )\t precise ord]s f ! bo>d ( directors or ! executive committee ( ! bo>d4 ,9 ord] to get ar\nd ?is rule "s niceties 9 recon/ruction h be5 kn[n4 ,a s+le timb] ( a worn-out freight c> has kept ! unit & ! numb] ( ! old c>1 & go+ into ! new has prev5t$ ! creation ( a =bidd5 unit4 ,! sy/em ^u :i* c>s & locomotives are numb]$ v>ies greatly ^u diff]5t sy/ems4 ,9 "s cases ! fir/ figures ( ! numb]s indicate ! class & /yle ( ! c> or locomotive1 9 o!rs !y mean no?+4 ,:5 a c> or a locomotive is nigh worn out its numb] passes f x & is giv5 to "s newcom]4 ,! old s]vant has a neatly pa9t$ ,x plac$ be=e its numb]4 ,t ,x is its dea? w>rant4 ,9 a little "t x leads ! way to ! scrap heap4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! m5 :o labor 9 ! railroad %ops see little ( ! romance ( ! l9e4 ,_! "w is mu* l t ( ! m5 :o "w 9 e sort ( l>ge %op4 ,_! responsibility is n less ?an t ( ! o!r railroad]s1 ! m5 to :om #aej or #cjj miles ( l9e & out-spread t[ns are z famili> z ! v rooms ( _! own homes4 ,a flaw 9 ! /eel1 a c>eless bit ( %opwork1 may s]ve to d]ail ! express at ! lea/ =ese5 mom5t1 to cause disa/] 9 ! r++ way t e railroad man sees at "o "t or ano!r4 ,x may n always be possible to trace ! responsibility = su* an accid5t4 ,b !re is a responsibility1 & ! m5 :o "w at =ge or la!1 at press or plan] feel t x is !re4 ,!y =m no mean brigade ( ?is great indu/rial army ( ,am]ica4 ,su* responsibility cont9ues outside ( ! ma9 %ops to ! small] %ops1 d[n to ! r\ndh\se =ces1 by ^: c>e & vigilance ! big locomotives are kept fitt$ = _! important "w2 d[n /ill f>!r to ! c>-inspectors1 :o1 blue signal-lights 9 h&1 creep ?r\gh ! long freight-y>ds ( a w9t]'s night to /rike ! flaw 9 ! metal1 to s\nd ! note ( al>m be=e ! wor/ may come to pass4 ,"s ( ^! la/ y he> 9 ! night z y scurry across ! c\ntry4 ,z y re/ 9 y\r b]?1 & ! express is *ang+ eng9es at "s division po9t1 y may he> ! c> inspectors com+ along ! tra91 /rik+ ) _! hamm]s aga9/ ! :eels1 li/5+ int5tly = ! false r+ by :i* !y may detect tr\ble4 ,if y tr\ble y\rself to lift ! curta9 ( y\r b]?1 y may see !m1 a grimy crew1 work+ busily ) _! hamm]s1 ?ru/+ _! tor*es 9 among ! trucks to see t all is well4 ,responsibility = ! safety 9 railroad op]ation does n cease at ! doors ( ! me*anical dep>tm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,railroad ,,m>9e ,,/eam%ip ,,l9es ,,"u ,,railroad ,,control--,,fleet ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral-- ,,tugs--,,railroad ,,connections ,,at ,,new ,,york ,,h>bor--,,h&l+ ,,( ,,freight-- ,,f]ry-,,boats--,,tunnel ,,"u ,,detroit ,,riv]--,,c>-,,f]ries ,,& ,,lake ,,r\tes-- ,,great ,,lakes ,,/eam%ip ,,l9es ,,"u ,,railroad ,,own]%ip4 ,9 ! beg9n+ l& transportation mu/ h look$ up 9 some?+ resembl+ fe> & awe to wat]4 ,we c picture ! railroad ( ! ?irties z a sl5d] b res\rceful ,david fac+ ! v]itable ,golia? ( wat] c>riage4 ,9 e>li] *apt]s ( ?is book we h %[n h[ ! canals1 repres5t+ a di/9ct phase ( wat] transportation1 s\ght to ?rottle ! railroads at ! beg9n+4 ,b ! mod]n railroad has no fe> ( wat] rivalries1 ei!r ^u ! coa/ or inl&4 ,j z ! fir/ railroads 7 (ttimes timidly built z fe$]s or complem5ts to wat] r\tes1 s to-day almo/ e inl& wat] r\te is "p ( a railroad--9 op]at+ fact if n 9 actual own]%ip4 ,! tables h be5 turn$--! railroad f9ally dom9ates4 ,n9e-t5?s ( all ! great wat] r\tes 9 & ar\ndab\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates are m or less directly own$ & controll$ by ! railroads4 ,!y h become1 9 e s5se1 coroll>ies to l& transportation4 ,?is is m di/9ctly %[n 9 "s sections ( ! l& ?an 9 o!rs4 ,= in/ance1 up 9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e ! int]e/s own+ ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d ,railroad h accompli%$ direct or indirect control ( all b a comp>atively few miles ( ! /eam & electric railroads 9 five great ,/ates1 !y h also acquir$ ! /eam%ip int]e/s ( t di/rict4 ,! ,new ,hav5's orig9al excursion into ! /eamboat bus9ess 0 :5 x absorb$ ! ,old ,colony ,railroad--almo/ a score ( ye>s ago--9 ord] to ensure its entrance into ,bo/on4 ,! ,old ,colony own$ a well-fam$ & highly prosp]\s /eamboat l9e f ,fall ,riv]1 ,massa*usetts1 to ,new ,york ,city1 "p ( its ?r\gh ,new ,york-,bo/on r\te4 ,ev5tually ! ,new ,hav5 acquir$ all ! brisk & busy /eamboat l9es :i* ran up ! ,s\nd f ,new ,york to sev]al ,connecticut ports--,bridgeport1 ,new ,hav51 ,h>t=d1 ,new ,london1 & ,/on+ton4 ,any "o ( ^! l9es 0 n1 p]haps1 s mu* ( an acquisition 9 itself1 b all ( !m 7 pot5tials 9 a future rate situation t might arise4 ,x 0 good executive managem5t to h ^! pot5tials "u firm control1 & s ! ,new ,hav5 e/abli%$ wat] r\tes z a recogniz$ factor ( its bus9ess--"u ! sep>ate corporation title ( ! ,new ,engl& ,navigation ,company4 ,once :5 a new company1 "u ! melliflu\s title ( ! ,joy ,l9e1 s\ght to injure its coa/wise bus9ess by e/abli%+ cut-rates f ,provid5ce to ,new ,york1 ! ,new ,hav5 plac$ two ( its old] boats 9 a rival & l[]-pric$ s]vice1 &1 by means ( its great res\rces1 0 able to br+ ! ,joy ,l9e into its fold4 ,lat]1 :5 ! ,ent]prise ,l9e tri$ a l programme1 ! ,new ,hav5 foll[$ ! same aggressive tactics & br\ght ! ,ent]prise ,l9e to bankruptcy4 ,^! ?+s are m5tion$ "h 9 no _s ( criticism4 ,b !y are ! facts t make x impossible = really indep5d5t l9es ( /eamboats to run betwe5 ,new ,york & ,provid5ce = any great l5g? ( "t1 despite ample dock+ facilities & a great free port at ea* ( ^! cities4 ,! ,metropolitan ,l9e tri$ to ma9ta9 an indep5d5t l9e betwe5 ,new ,york & ,bo/on ) ! two f9e/ /eam]s ev] plac$ 9 coa/wise s]vice--! ,yale & ! ,h>v>d4 ,"o ( ^! boats left ea* city at five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon & p]=m$ ! ocean voyage ( #ccj miles ov] ! outside r\te 9 j fifte5 h\rs--& ) amaz+ regul>ity4 ,b ! ,new ,hav5 ,railroad f\nd x to its int]e/ to control ! coa/+ l9es ar\nd ab\t ,new ,engl&1 & s ! ,yale & ,h>v>d 7 la/ w9t] bani%$ to ! ,pacific coa/4 ,?is is all "p ( ! bus9ess ( manag+ great railroad sy/ems4 ,= simil> reasons ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad f\nd x advisable to br+ a gr\p ( /eamboat l9es ply+ on ,*esapeake ,bay & its tribut>ies "u its control1 ! ,h>riman l9es to rea* out & e/abli% own]%ip ( ! l9es ply+ up & d[n sev]al ?\s& miles along ! ,pacific coa/--^! are b a few in/ances out ( _m4 ,z yet no l>ge ,am]ican railroad has essay$ to control a transatlantic l9e1 al?\gh bo? ! ,hill & ! ,h>riman prop]ties are int]e/$ 9 ! transpacific c>ry+ bus9ess4 ,! ,canadian ,pacific1 h[ev]1 has already well-e/abli%$ l9es across bo? ( ! great oceans--mak+ a cont9u\s r\te "u "o managem5t f ,liv]pool1 ,engl&1 to ,hong ,kong1 ,*9a4 ,moreov]1 x is n[ build+ f\r great /eam%ips :i* are to be f9i%$ simultane\sly ) ! ,panama ,canal & :i* w ply ?r\gh x f ,new ,york direct to ,hong ,kong4 ,! ,canadian ,nor!rn has also rec5tly emb>k$ 9 ! transatlantic c>ry+ bus9ess4 ,! ,canadian ,pacific & sev]al ( ! l>ge railroads ( ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ma9ta9 l9es ( sizable gross tonnage on ! ,great ,lakes--b ( ^!1 m 9 a little :ile4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,mod]n ,,railroad ,,freight ,,& ,,pass5g] ,,t]m9al3 ,,! ,,t]m9al ,,( ,,! ,,we/ ,,%ore ,,railroad ,,at ,,weehawk51 ,,opposite ,,new ,,york ,,city ,illu/ration3 ,,high-,,spe$1 ,,direct-,,curr5t ,,pass5g] ,,locomotive ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,g5]al ,,electric ,,company ,,= ,,t]m9al ,,s]vice ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,at ,,! ,,gr& ,,c5tral ,,/ation ,ev5 if a railroad is n engag$ 9 ! /eam%ip bus9ess1 z su*1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( "o or two small /eamboats on inl& wat]s1 x may /ill possess a consid]able h>bor fleet1--:>ves1 & slips--t1 tak5 toge!r1 make a sizable aggregate4 ,e railroad t has any sort ( ambition to be consid]$ a trunk-l9e w c\nt ^u hav+ "o or two or ev5 m t]m9als ^u navigable /reams1 & at ^! x w protect itself by hav+ its own :>ves & l&+-/ages--ev5 gra9 elevators1 if x is putt+ out its hungry f+]s = ! great traffic 9 food-/uffs t sweeps out ov] ! l& & wat] transportation r\tes ( ,am]ica4 ,su* a t]m9al means a railroad fleet--f]ries1 sc[s1 light]s1 a little company ( /\t & busy tugs4 ,x means t ! railroad mu/ pay att5tion to m>9e laws & m>9e cu/oms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 a railroad boa/s ( a t]m9al 9 su* a city z ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 ,baltimore1 ,new ,orleans1 or ,san ,francisco1 its fleet ( h>bor craft is apt to be q a sizable navy4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral's fleet 9 & ar\nd ,new ,york h>bor4 ,x consi/s ( #bfi vessels1 divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3 #i f]ry-boats1 #bb tugs1 #g /eam-light]s1 #ej c>-floats1 #aj /eam-hoi/ b>ges1 #be op5 b>ges1 #f sc[ b>ges1 #aje cov]$ b>ges1 & #ce gra9-boats4 ,& out ( all ^! b>ges1 #aj are fur!r equipp$ = refrig]ator use4 ,9 su* a fleet1 elim9at+ ( c\rse ! f]ry-boats :i* h _! own peculi> uses1 ! tugs are almo/ ! sole motive p[]4 ,!re is a bit ( poetry ab\t !m1 too1 ev5 if !y are %ort & /ubby1 (ttimes pok+ _! cu%ion$ noses imp]t95tly up aga9/ l>g] & f> m /ately craft4 ,b no capta91 ev5 ?\gh he walk ! bridge ( an eight-hundr$ foot /eam%ip1 sne]s at a tug4 ,x takes eighte5 ( !m to place ! new giant ,olympic 9 h] :>f on ! ,nor? ,riv]1 & no crack company ( horsem5 ev] mov$ 9 m precise drill or bett] cop]ation ?an ^! noisy1 punt+1 help+-h&s ( ! h>bor ( ,new ,york4 ,= ocean ports are diff]5t f ^? along ! lakes4 ,a capta9 sail+ a five-?\s& ton %ip on fre% wat] w\ld be a%am$ to use a tug at ,detroit1 or any o!r ( ! ,great ,lake ports1 ev5 :]e ! curr5t runs almo/ l a mill-race1 unless he 0 turn+ 9 a *annel ^: wid? 0 b a wee bit m ?an ! l5g? ( 8 %ip4 ,b ,detroit & ,clevel& & ,buffalo & ,*icago d n h ! tides--& x is ! tide t makes h>bor navigation a f9ely specializ$ sci5ce at ! big ocean ports4 ,all ( ! big ,atlantic ports save ,new ,york h abundant track facilities alongside ! pi]s1 :]e b]? ! %ips f half ! _w ov]4 ,9 ,new ,york1 ! same geographical conditions t h gone to make h] s sup]b a port & giv5 h] s g5]\s a h>bor-frontage h block$ ! railroads 9 _! ef=ts to rea* all h] pi]s ) unbrok5 rails4 ,s ! railroads ent]+ t h>bor h f\nd x necess>y to provide !mselves ) su* fleets z we h notic$ z belong+ to ! ,new ,york ,c5tral4 ,= inl& %ipp]s seem to h a pref]5ce = s5d+ _! ea/-b\nd export m]*&ise ?r\gh ,new ,york1 because ( ! frequ5cy ( sail+s f h] :>ves to half ! recogniz$ ports ( ! _w4 ,if y are a manufactur]--at ,utica1 ,n4 ,y41 let u say--& y wi%$ to s5d a c>load ( y\r product to ,london1 ,eng41 y w\ld f9d t ! railroad def9itely agrees to d c]ta9 ?+s = y4 ,on y\r m9imum basis ( a c>load lot x w place t c>load at any pi] 9 ! h>bor ( ,new ,york4 ,inde$1 x w\ld d a little m4 ,if "s ( t c>load lot t />ts d[n out ( ,utica is go+ to ,london1 "s m on a diff]5t %ip to ,calcutta1 & /ill "s m on a tropic-b\nd l9] to ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! railroad w\ld make free deliv]y ( y\r consignm5t to ! pi]s ( ^! ?ree %ips4 ,x limits1 h[ev]1 ! deliv]y ( a c>load lot to ?ree diff]5t pi]s4 ,?is s\nds simple1 p]haps1 &1 9 reality1 is n4 ,= 9 a s+le day ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs !re may arrive at ,weehawk5 & ,sixtie? ,/reet1 ,manhattan--! two great freight t]m9als ( ! rails ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral sy/em at ,new ,york--f f\r to six hundr$1 eight hundr$ c>s1 p]haps1 fill$ ) m]*&ise b\nd = half a hundr$ diff]5t pi]s1 along f =ty to sixty miles ( wat]-front4 ,n[ y see ! use ( all ?is army ( light]s & b>ges--/ubby-nos$ craft1 awkw>d craft1 boats t h n ev5 a s+le /anza ( ! poetry ( ! sea writt5 ^u _! cont5ts4 ,by night1 by day1 :5 an imp]ial city ?robs ) ! bu/le ( brisk endeavor1 & /ill :5 x tries to snat* a few brief feeble h\rs ( re/1 9 summ]1 9 w9t]1 :5 ! two riv]s & ! great upp] bay ( ,new ,york h>bor are alive ) gay pleasure craft1 & 9 ! try+ h\rs :5 a pilot's pa? is fraught ) ! dang]s ( drift+ ice & laid ?r\gh gray blankets ( mi/1 ?is great int]*ange ( freight ( e sort goes =?4 ,! eight or t5 great railroads t t]m9ate 9 ,new ,york are p\r+ export m]*&ise to all ( h] pi]s1 :ile f ^? long sprawl+ /ructures !y are draw+ up import$ goods to g =w>d to e corn] ( ! l&4 ,& 9 addition to ?is !re is ! va/ local comm]ce ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 :i*1 z we saw :5 we 7 consid]+ ! freight t]m9als1 back 9 ,*apt] ,,vii1 is no slight matt] ( itself4 ,b ?is traffic1 z well z mu* ( t ( ! great int]*ange betwe5 ! railroads t]m9at+ at ,new ,york1 is h&l$ mo/ effectively by ! c>-floats on ea* ( :i* twelve to sixte5 /&>d box-c>s may be load$ ) great exp$ition4 ,b ! clumsy b>ges & ! light]s & ! /ill clumsi] c>-floats are ( little use )\t ! tugs1 & ^! la/ are ! quick c\ri]s ( ! h>bor4 ,tw5ty ( t ,new ,york ,c5tral fleet are kept 9 con/ant use 9 ! ,nor? & ,ea/ ,riv]s1 & along ! h>bor %ores to ,j]sey ,city1 ,bayonne1 & ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,brooklyn4 ,!y d n lie idle1 save :5 !y are f9ally =c$ to lay up = a little "t = repairs4 ,& !n a res]ve tug is 9 s]vice )\t delay4 ,"h is ! mod]n economy ( railroad equipm5t--ev5 ?\gh ?is be ! "p ( ! railroad t is afloat4 ,a tug pulls up to a dock1 its crews are (f almo/ be=e _! relief is /&+ at its /ation1 & mak+ sure t ! craft is 9 z good ord] z !y left x4 ,:ile ! relief is f9d+ its tir$ way t[>d home ! tug is (f aga94 ,its "w is con/ant4 ,its "w is n easy4 ,x does n seem to be sy/ematic & yet x is--wond]fully sy/ematic4 ,= "h & !re ab\t ! h>bor ! capta9s ( ^! ,n4 ,y4 ,c4 tugs get _! ord]s--j z conductors ( ! tra9s ^u ! /eel highways get _! cle>ance c>ds & yell[ tissues4 ,a half-doz5 /ations give ord]s1 & ^! are b ! speak+ /ations ( a s+le man :o sits be=e a telephone swit*bo>d close by a n>r[ /reet ( d[n-t[n ,manhattan & directs tug movem5ts ?r\gh ! cr[d$ h>bor1 j z easily z a despat*] moves extra freights ov] a cr[d$ /ret* ( s+le-track l9e4 ,! traffic runs flood-high & ! /ation m5 gossip ( ! :isp]$ compla9ts ( ! tug-crews1 b ! man at ! swit*bo>d only smiles4 ,a traffic solicitor :o plies 8 he>tbreak+ "w on ! floor ( ! ne>-by ,produce ,ex*ange comes ov] to him & says3 ,i've promis$ ,smi? ,russell deliv]y ( t5 c>s ( fl\r at ,pi] #cb1 ,ea/ ,riv]1 at sev5 o'clock to-morr[ morn+4 ,we c't g back on !m4 ,! man at ! swit*bo>d does n lose t smoo?-set smile1 ev5 ?\gh ! l\dly tick+ clock1 j above ! plugs & cords1 %[s him t x is already six o'clock ( ! ev5+ ( a day :5 ! h>bor freight has run flood-high4 ,all "r1 he laughs1 ,smi? ,russell c c\nt ^u u4 ,& ! next mom5t he is ord]+ ,tug ,tw5ty-sev5 to g f ! ,sixtie? ,/reet pi] ov] to ,weehawk5 to get t small m\nta9-range ( fl\r-bags t ! huskies h already begun to build on a pi]-floor1 alongside ( a /r+ ( du/y1 grimy c>s t h bump$ _! way ea/ f ,m9neapolis4 ,p]haps y are int]e/$ 9 ! p]sonality ( ,tug ,tw5ty-sev54 ,take y\rself away f ! cool-witt$ despat*] & look d[n ^u ?is craft--! que5 ( a railroad pet m>9e4 ,%e is z respl5d5t 9 h] gre5 & gold z any g5tleman's ya*t1 & h] crew ev5 m pr\d ( h]4 ,%e /&s 9 ! wat]1 a m]e #aaj feet long & #bd-a_/b feet beam1 b ^? wond]ful %9+ eng9es 9 h] he>t c develop #a1bjj horse-p[]--z mu* z _m /eamboats ( ?ree times h] size4 ,h] wat]tube boil]s c )/& a locomotive pressure ( #ahe p\nds to ! squ>e in*1 %e has all ! acc\trem5ts ( coa/ l9]s--/eam /e]+ ge>s & electric lights among !m4 ,no wond] t h] capta9 waxes eloqu5t ab\t h]4 ,n[ ask him ab\t :at %e c d4 ,t he takes z p]sonal a*ievem5t1 & ^! h>bor m5 are a ba%ful lot4 ,/ill1 y c worm x out ( him1 & aft] a :ile y f9d t ,tug ,tw5ty-sev5 has j br\ght a punt-nos$ c>-float1 ) sixte5 load$ c>s ^u h] rails1 ar\nd f ,corle>s ,hook1 ?r\gh ! press ( %ipp+1 & ar\nd ! ,batt]y :]e cross-tides battle aga9/ "o ano!r & aga9/ craft ( all sorts1 up to ,weehawk5 bridge 9 =ty m9utes--:i* is n s v bad = a t5-mile run ?r\gh a conge/$ h>bor4 ,"t c\nts1 adds ! capta94 ,if !y _h giv5 me ano!r twelve or fifte5 m9utes ,i c\ld h br\ght ar\nd two ( ! floats--put toge!r ',v' fa%ion & ! ,tw5ty-sev5 ) h] nose /uck up into ! ',v'4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! h>bor ( ,new ,york is a great clu/] ( f]ry-boats op]at$ to ov]come h] b>ri] riv]s by ! sev]al trunk-l9e railroads ^: sy/ems t]m9ate at a long wat]-jump f ! conge/$ ,isl& ( ,manhattan4 ,to compete ) railroads boa/+ t]m9als on ,manhattan ,isl& itself1 ^! l9es h be5 compell$ to equip & op]ate ext5sive f]ry fleets across bo? ! ,ea/ & ! ,nor? ,riv]s4 ,across ! fir/ ( ^! /reams op]ates ! navy ( ! ,long ,isl& ,railroad1 :ile across ! ,hudson ply 9 an intricate int]lac+ m ?an a doz5 f]ry r\tes ( ! ,c5tral ,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey1 ! ,p5nsylvania1 ,erie1 ,lackawanna1 & ! ,we/ ,%ore ,railroads4 ,! rec5t completion ( ! ,new ,york-,j]sey ,city-,new>k r\tes ( ! ,hudson tunnels1 z well z ! inauguration ( pass5g] traffic ?r\gh bo? ,nor? & ,ea/ ,riv] tunnels to ! new ,p5nsylvania t]m9al 9 ,manhattan1 has caus$ ! ab&onm5t ( two f]ry r\tes & curtailm5t ( s]vice ^u sev]al o!rs4 ,tunnel-digg]s & bridge-build]s make havoc ) f]ry r\tes1 :i* mu/ always rema9 liable to _m delays because ( fog1 float+ ice1 & su* o!r adv]se wea!r conditions4 ,/ill ! railroad f]ries r\nd ab\t ,new ,york d]ive no small income f ! truck+ s]vice ( a metropolitan city :i* has _h to /ruggle = _m ye>s aga9/ great int]sect+ riv]s1 & s !y w probably cont9ue to be = _m ye>s int]e/+ & picturesque features ( ,new ,york h>bor4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all ! f]ry r\tes ( ,new ,york h>bor is ! att5uat$ l9e f ! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d ,railroad's wat]side t]m9al at ,port ,morris 9 ! ,bronx1 = t5 miles ?r\gh ! ,ea/ ,riv]1 ,hell ,gate1 ar\nd ! %>p turn & tides ( ,corle>s ,hook & aga9 ( ! ,batt]y1 & across ! ,hudson ,riv] to ! old t]m9al ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad 9 ,j]sey ,city4 ,ov] ?is r\te goes ?r\gh traffic--freight & pass5g]--f ,new ,engl& to ! ,s\? & ! ,s\?we/4 ,! freight-traffic is h&l$ l>gely by c>-floats 9 *>ge ( ! busy puff+ tugs1 :ile ! pass5g] traffic goes 9 f]ry-boats diff]5t f ! o!rs t ply 9 ,new ,york h>bor4 ,= ^! f]ry-boats are really no?+ m ?an a bett]$ type ( c>-float--a type equipp$ ) p[]ful eng9es = self-propulsion4 ,?r\gh pass5g] tra9s run ea* day & ea* night betwe5 ,bo/on & ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton1 & ^! tra9s are h&l$ betwe5 ,port ,morris & ,j]sey ,city ^u !m4 ,! famili> ,m>yl&1 :i* is op]at$ jo9tly by ! ,new ,hav5 & ! ,p5nsylvania sy/ems ^u ?is r\te1 w receive an entire pass5g] tra9 ( ord9>y l5g?1 except+1 ( c\rse1 ! locomotive1 ^u h] great deck1 :i* is1 9 reality1 a m9iature railroad y>d1 equipp$ ) two long p>allel tracks t c be quickly atta*$ to ! f]ry-bridges at ,port ,morris & ,j]sey ,city4 ,! trip1 ) ! load+ & unload+ ( ! tra91 is accompli%$1 "u favorable wea!r conditions1 9 ab\t an h\r4 ,x makes a pleasant break 9 ! day trip f ! capital ( ,new ,engl& to ! capital ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to sp5d an h\r tramp+ up & d[n a broad %ip's deck1 or d9+ 9 a roomy1 sun-fill$ cab91 :ile ,new ,york itself is z completely ignor$ z any small way-/ation along ! run4 ,new ,york]s !mselves h long s9ce become too accu/om$ to see+ ! long tra9 f]ri$ ^u ! wat]-way t sep>ates ! two greate/ bor\ghs ( ! city1 to give x m ?an pass+ ?\ght4 ,?is f]ry is also f9ally ?reat5$ by ! bridge-build]s4 ,z ?is is writt51 workm5 are already prep>+ ! pi] f\ndations = a great railroad bridge t is to span ! ,ea/ ,riv] n f> f ,hell ,gate1 & :i* is to give an unbrok5 l9e ( rails f ! ,new ,hav5's t]m9al at ,port ,morris1 ?r\gh ,long ,isl& ,city1 to ! ,p5nsylvania's tunnels & t]m9al 9 ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,s1 also1 h ! tunnel-build]s contriv$ to rob ! ?r\gh travell] on ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral ( ! m or less ?rill+ wat] transf] f ,canada to ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ,detroit4 ,! ,detroit ,riv] tunnel has sup]s$$ "o ( ! mo/ important c>-f]ries 9 ! c\ntry1 b x has giv5 to ! op]at+ heads ( ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral "o ( ! v %orte/ ?r\gh r\tes f ,new ,york to ,*icago & robb$ !m ( "o ( ! fe>ful h&icaps ( _! ma9 l9e--! possibilities = con/ant & exasp]at+ delays to _! ?r\gh tra9s :ile be+ f]ri$ across ! ,detroit ,riv]4 ,d n und]e/imate ! possibilities ( ^? delays4 ,)9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 ! transport ,mi*igan1 ply+ f ,detroit to ,w9dsor1 ! ,canadian t[n directly opposite1 & c>ry+ a ,*icago-,montreal fly]1 0 /uck = t5 h\rs 9 ! ice1 s ne> ! slip t a long plank w\ld h almo/ rea*$ f h] deck to ! :>f4 ,t1 9 ! less] =m1 has be5 ! hi/ory ( w9t] aft] w9t] at ! ,detroit f]ry4 ,%ipbuild]s h done _! be/ to meet ! ob/acle by build+ c>-f]ries ( trem5d\s p[]1 sometimes ev5 equipp+ !m ) bo? side-:eels & screws4 ,b ! real problem ( possible delay c only be solv$ !re by tunnels1 & x is expect$ t ! ,gr& ,trunk1 ! ,canadian ,pacific1 & ! ,waba%--:i* /ill use ! c>-f]ries across ! ,detroit ,riv]--w soon] or lat] ei!r tunnel b5ea? x or acquire trackage rights ?r\gh ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral tubes4 ,! ,detroit ,riv] is a n>r[ b important "p ( ! trem5d\sly important wat] highway up ! ,great ,lakes1 & at e "p ( ! :ole l5g? ( t highway ! railroads h tri$ to break _! way across4 ,x has n be5 f\nd impossible to bridge ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce or ! ,niag>a ,riv]s or ! wide /raits at ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie1 b !re are o!r po9ts1 ev5 besides ,detroit1 t h z yet baffl$ ! g5ius ( ! bridge-build]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! is :]e ,lake ,mi*igan =ces its outlet into ,lake ,huron ?r\gh ! two p59sulas ( ! great ,/ate t be>s its "n4 ,to make ! two p>ts ( ,mi*igan physically "o ) unbrok5 rail w probably n be accompli%$ 9 _m ye>s4 ,9 ! meantime ! /\t & trem5d\sly p[]ful f]ry ,algomah--built s z to lit]ally cru% ! ice d[n "u h] trem5d\s b[s--plies betwe5 ,mack9ac ,city1 ! ,isl& ( ,mack9ac1 situat$ mid/ream1 & ,/4 ,ignace1 on ! nor? %ore ( ! broad /rait4 ,despite ! fe>ful sev]ity ( ! w9t]s 9 nor!rn ,mi*igan ! ,algomah keeps t important pa? op5 ! ye> r\nd--n only = h]self b = ! great c>-floats t foll[ 9 h] wake4 ,:at is possible at ! ,/raits ( ,mack9ac is also possible across ! wide/ "p ( any "o ( ! ,great ,lakes--except+ always ! emotionless ,sup]ior4 ,at lea/ t is ! way ! railroad traffic m5 h argu$ = _m ye>s1 & s = ^! _m ye>s c>-f]ries h pli$ successfully across ! v he>ts ( ?ree ( ! lakes4 ,( all ! *a91 ,lake ,mi*igan (f]s ! greate/ natural ob/ruction to ! natural traffic movem5ts ( ! l&--its great l5g?1 /ret*+ nor? & s\?1 =m+ an ob/acle to ?r\gh rail movem5ts1 & contribut+ n a little to ! railroad importance & ! weal? ( ,*icago4 ,s x 0 t c>-f]ries 7 e/abli%$ _m ye>s ago across ,lake ,mi*igan & are op]at$ ?r\gh\t ! lake to-day--f ,manit[oc1 ,kewaunee1 ,milwaukee1 ,m5om9ee1 & ,mani/ique on ! we/ %ore ( ! lake1 to ,frank=t1 ,lud+ton1 ,nor?port1 ,gr& ,hav51 ,/4 ,joseph1 & ,b5ton ,h>bor ^u ! ea/ %ore4 ,^! vessels are ( diff]5t con/ruction f ! f]ries t cross ! n>r[ ,detroit ,riv]4 ,!y lack ! l[ freebo>d & ! o!r typical f]ry con/ruction1 & are1 in/ead1 deep-gull$ vessels1 g5]ally built ( /eel & always ( great /ructural /r5g?4 ,l ! riv] f]ries1 says ,james ,c4 ,mills1 !y are ice-cru%]s1 b ( great] size & p[]4 ,dur+ two or ?ree ( ! w9t] mon?s ! lakes are froz5 9 a solid %eet ( ice = tw5ty & ?irty miles f ! %ores1 & 9 extremely sev]e w9t]s ! ice-fields meet 9 mid-lake4 ,to keep a *annel op5 9 ! dep? ( w9t] ev5 = daily passages back & =?1 is a haz>d\s und]tak+ = ! h>dy m>9]s4 ,! frequ5t gales :i* sweep ! lakes break up ! fields into ice-floes :i*1 driv5 "o way or ano!r ) great =ce1 pile up 9 huge banks1 (t5 9 ! direct c\rse ( ! transports & z high z _! upp] decks4 ,at su* times !y free !mselves only aft] repeat$ buck+s ( ! %ift+ mass ( ice1 sometimes miles 9 ext5t1 by runn+ _! /\t pr[s up on ! edge ( ! mass1 break+ x d[n by _! %e] weight1 & pl\gh+ ?r\gh ! ragg$1 gr9d+ blocks ( ice ?us =m$4#a #a ,our ,inl& ,seas1 by ,james ,c4 ,mills1 #aiaj4 ,f\r tracks1 runn+ ! full l5g? ( ! %ip1 g5]ally fill ! ma9 deck ( ^! trans-lake %ips4 ,! load+ ( ! c>s on to ^! tracks is accompli%$ at ! /]n1 ! b[ be+ built high &1 z we h j se51 some:at aft] ! fa%ion ( an ov]hang+ pr[4 ,! ma9 deck is completely ro($ ov] ) cab9s & deck-h\ses1 s t1 view$ f ! re>1 ! %ip seems to be an it9]ant pair ( railroad tunnels1 d>k & gloomy4 ,! upp] decks are gay ) ! res\rces ( ! m>9e ar*itect--= ! great] "p ( ^! boats (f] accommodations = pass5g]s z well z = f eighte5 to ?irty freight c>s4 ,^! great f]ries =m valuable fe$]s to ! ,gr& ,trunk1 ! ,p]e ,m>quette1 ! ,ann ,arbor1 & ,gr& ,rapids ,indiana1 & "s m9or r\tes cross+ ,mi*igan4 ,simil>ly1 c>-f]ries cross+ ,lake ,erie f ,clevel& to ,port ,/anley are consid]able factors bo? 9 g5]al m]*&ise & 9 ! coal trade4 ,ano!r ,lake ,erie r\te ( heavy tonnage ext5ds f ,a%tabula1 ,ohio1 to ,port ,burwell1 ,ont>io4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s a c>-f]ry has be5 e/abli%$ across ,lake ,ont>io1 f ,*>lotte--:i* is ! port ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y4--to ,coburg on ! ,canadian side1 :i* has already develop$ = itself a consid]able traffic4 ,b ! c>-f]ries1 ext5sive z !y are1 =m b a small portion ( ! railroad int]e/s ^u ! wat]s ( ! ,great ,lakes4 ,almo/ all ( ! great l9es ?r\gh ^? mu*-travell$ wat]s are ! prop]ty ( "s railroad sy/em ^: rails t\* "o or m ( _! t]m9als4 ,?us ! ,nor!rn ,/eam%ip ,company1 runn+ f ,buffalo to ,*icago & ,dulu?1 t\*es ! rails ( its p>5t company1 ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railroad1 at ?is la/ port4 ,! ,erie ,we/]n ,transportation ,company--popul>ly kn[n z ! ,an*or ,l9e--also runn+ f ,buffalo to ,dulu?1 is a ,p5nsylvania prop]ty4 ,bo? ( ^! l9es are op]at$ = pass5g] s]vice1 z well z freight4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral & ! ,erie cov] ! same t]ritory ) exclusively freight r\tes4 ,! ,rutl& ,railroad has a l9e all ! way f its we/]n t]m9al at ,ogd5sburg1 on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]1 to ,*icago4 ,! ,canadian ,pacific & ! ,gr& ,trunk op]ate important l9es ?r\gh ,georgian ,bay & ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,ev5 a small road1 l ! ,algomah ,c5tral1 has its own freight & pass5g] /eamboats runn+ s\? f ! ,soo z f> z ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,x is a pretty poor l9e ) ,great ,lakes t]m9als t _c boa/ "s sort ( /eam%ip s]vice ( its own4 ,9 ! developm5t ( ! coa/wise & ! inl& wat]ways ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! railroad may be do+ ! nation a f> great] s]vice ?an x imag9es4 ,= ! g5]al tr5d ( railroad expansion 9 ! c\ntry to-day seems to be t[>d a developm5t ( ! auxili>y wat]-r\tes r ?an t[>d _! curtailm5t4 ,! railroad has f9ally realiz$ t "s co>se commodities c be c>ri$ f> m economically by wat] ?an by rail4 ,x is to-day seek+ to avail itself ( t acquir$ k4 ,if compet+ & fe$+ trolley l9es are good ?+s = railroads to own--& ! pres5t-day judgm5t seems to be t !y are--! same rule holds d\bly good 9 reg>d to bo? compet+ & fe$+ wat]-r\tes4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,keep+ ,,9 ,,t\* ,,) ,,! ,,m5 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,organiz$ ,,bran* ,,( ,,! ,,railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4--,,cornelius ,,v&]bilt',s ,,gift ,,( ,a ,,club-,,h\se--,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4--,,plans ,,by ,,! ,,railways ,,to ,,c>e ,,= ,,! ,,sick ,,& ,,! ,,crippl$--,,! ,,p5sion ,,sy/em--,,ent]ta9m5ts--,,model ,,re/aurants--,,free ,,legal ,,advice--,,employees' ,,magaz9es--,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,r$ ,,spot4 ,! hi/oric gray ,union ,/ation1 :i* /ill /&s at ,clevel&1 h\s$ :at 0 de/9$ to be ! v fir/ sy/ematic ef=t ( ! railroad to get 9 t\* & keep 9 t\* ) its m54 ,9 t build+1 once new & spl5did1 b n[ old & grimy1 ,george ,mey]s1 ! depot ma/]1 ga!r$ a gr\p ( railroad]s on a ,sunday away back 9 #ahgj4 ,! man came aga9 on a second ,sunday1 /ill aga9 on a ?ird2 aft] a little :ile ^? ,sunday aft]noon ga!r+s became habitual1 & a new k9k 9 all ! intricacy ( railroad+ 0 e/abli%$4 ,! meet+s 7 p>tly religi\s & p>tly social1 & ev5tually !y l$ to a di/9ct innovation 9 t depot4 ,?is little conf]5ce ( ,mey]s 01 9 #ahgb1 develop$ into ! fir/ organiz$ bran* ( ! railroad ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association4 ,g5]al ,john ,h4 ,dev]eux1 ! g5]al manag] ( ! ,lake ,%ore ,mi*igan ,s\!rn ,railway2 ,reub5 ,f4 ,smi?1 ( ! ,clevel& ,pittsburgh ,railroad1 & ,osc> ,t[ns5d ( ! ,big ,f\r ,railroad 7 *os5 directors ( ! bran*4 ,h5ry ,w4 ,/age1 a tra9-despat*] on ! ,lake ,%ore1 0 e>ne/ly & int5sely en?usia/ic 9 ?is "w2 & because ( 8 zeal & en?usiasm1 toge!r ) t ( ,george ,mey]s1 ?is bran* 0 successful f ! outset4 ,! ,lake ,%ore ,railroad1 ^: headqu>t]s 7 9 t same ,union ,depot at ,clevel& !n 0 & /ill is a pet prop]ty ( ! ,v&]bilt family1 also own]s ( ! great ,new ,york ,c5tral sy/em4 ,! heads ( t family began wat*+ ! ,clevel& exp]im5t ) unusual int]e/4 ,! reports t came f !m 7 unusual4 ,t s*eme ( ! depot ma/]'s seem$ to be mak+ a bett] grade ( railroad] 9 & ar\nd ,clevel&1 & any in/itution t bett]$ ! type ( railroad]s int]e/$ ! ,v&]bilts4 ,s ! ?+ t ,mey]s _h f\nd$ soon _h weal?y patrons & /rong fri5ds4 ,! ,v&]bilts kept _! %\ld]s to ! :eels ( ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 kept x out ( ! ruts & f fall+4 ,!y saw x introduc$ "h & introduc$ !re on _! gr\p ( railroads2 saw x spread to o!r l9es2 & f9ally1 ,cornelius ,v&]bilt himself built a spl5did club-h\se = railroad m5 at ! great t]m9al ( 8 road 9 ,new ,york ,city & turn$ x ov] to ! managem5t ( ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,t h\se1 /&+ almo/ 9 ! %ade ( ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation1 aft] a qu>t] ( a c5tury1 /ill ranks z "o ( ! di/9ctly f9e club-homes ( a city t is opul5t 9 club-h\ses4 ,x is /ill d$icat$ to simplicity1 to democracy1 to dec5cy1 & to good fell[%ip4 ,!re is n a railroad] com+ into ! big pass5g] t]m9al--f ei!r ! ,new ,york ,c5tral or ! ,new ,hav5 sy/em--:o is n welcome to x1 day or night4 ,eng9e]s1 firem51 conductors1 tra9m5 all come into its hospitable door aft] a long h>d run to f9d ! clean com=t ( good meals1 ba?1 com=table b$s1 good fell[%ip await+ !m4 ,!re is ! peculi> & ! successful field ( ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a42 p]haps z mu* z any1 ! real reason = its pron\nc$ success4 ,few railroad]s 9 tra9 s]vice c leave _! homes 9 ! morn+1 d\ble _! runs1 & be home at night4 ,! h>d "p ( ! bus9ess is t 9 mo/ cases a man w h to sp5d "o night1 occasionally two nights1 out on ! run4 ,! difficulties ( ?is are n readily und]/ood )\t a slight exam9ation4 ,9 a l>ge city ! railroad] f9ds t x is a %abby sort ( a hotel or lodg+-h\se t c come regul>ly )9 8 s*eme ( economy4 ,:5 he /rikes ! little t[n1 or frequ5tly ! big t]m9al or division freight-y>d ar\nd :i* is no t[n at all1 ! problem only multiplies4 ,j4 ,m4 ,burwick1 a vet]an conductor ( ! ,dulu? ,iron ,range ,railroad1 told t problem 9 8 own s9c]e way la/ ye> at a big d9n] ( railroad m5 9 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,i left home a beautiful morn+ 9 '#gb1 said ,mr4 ,burwick4 ,i w5t d[n to ,lafayette & to my fir/ bo>d+-h\se2 & up to t "t ,i don't ?9k any railroad man ev] f\nd a bo>d+-h\se except x 0 ti$ up to a saloon4 ,i 0 9 a place l t4 ,ano!r place ,i 0 runn+ into 0 :]e !y made a division po9t 9 a corn-field4 ,! company built a l>ge build+ = ! b5efit ( ! m51 & !n !y r5t$ x to be run z a hotel4 ,b ! man 9 *>ge ran x to make money1 & ! /eak he cut ) 8 razor4 ,i "k he did1 because x 0 s ?94 ,at o!r places we _h to sleep 9 a hot y>d1 9 a hot caboose n fit = a man to try & sleep 92 & !n we _h to /ay awake on ! road t night4 ,t 0 ,burwick's te/imony z to ! conditions j be=e ! com+ ( ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,an eng9e] f ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 a man :o _h slept _m nights 9 t com=table club-h\se at ! ,gr& ,c5tral1 w5t up into ,canada a few ye>s ago & took an eng9e on a division runn+ out ( ,k5ora4 ,! only place t a railroad man c\ld f9d bo>d & lodg+ 9 t t[n at t "t 0 a bo>d+-h\se ) ! saloon atta*m5t1 & he 0 welcome !re = b a limit$ "t1 unless he 0 a reasonably lib]al patron ( ! saloon4 ,! eng9e]--8 "n is ,mc,crea--*ang$ t ord] ( ?+s & e/abli%$ a bran* ( ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 :i* 9 f\r ye>s ga9$ #cjj memb]s & ?reat5$ to close ! saloons ( ! place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?is ,,is ,,:at ,,new ,,york ,,c5tral ,,mccrea ,,did ,,= ,,! ,,m5 ,,( ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,up ,,at ,,k5ora ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,clubh\se ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,pacific ,,= ,,its ,,m5 ,,at ,,roseville1 ,,cali=nia ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,b4 ,o4 ,,boys ,,enjoy+ ,,! ,,railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ,,*icago ,,junction ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,brooklyn ,,rapid ,,transit ,,company ,,has ,,organiz$ ,a ,,brass ,,b& ,,= ,,its ,,employees ,n[ y get ! reason = ! welcome t ! railroad-own]s gave ?is "w ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,x 0 n ! religi\s idea alone--m5 diff] 9 _! views ( t sort ( ?+--b "o ( ! mo/ /r+5t ( all railroad rules is t prohibit+ ! use ( liquor by ! m51 or _! frequ5t+ b>-rooms4 ,! necessity ( t rule appe>s ^u ! face ( x4 ,b ! ,canadian railroad c\ld d little t[>d en=c+ x 9 a place l ,k5ora1 be=e ,mc,crea1 ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 arriv$ !re4 ,! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 ) its com=table h\s+ facilities1 its vigor\s /& = bett] morals & bett] m51 has made t rule "o ( ! easie/ 9 ! book to be /rictly obs]v$4 ,t is :y ! railroad-own]s & ! railroad heads1 ^: religi\s views h sometimes be5 at v>iance ) ^? ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a41 h giv5 he>ty endorsem5t to its "w along _! l9es4 ,!y l ! sort ( man x f9i%es4 ,s ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 has gr[n4 ,x n[ has "s #bdj bran*es rea*+ f ,hawaii1 9 ! ,we/1 to "s important division po9ts 9 ,ea/]n ,ma9e4 ,none ( ^! h h\ses t c be comp>$1 ( c\rse1 ) ! com=table home at ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 fact1 "s ( !m are /ill h\s$ 9 crude fa%ion1 9 an ab&on$ %$ or depot t "s railroad has fitt$ up z a />t 9 ! "w1 ov] "s /ore or freight-h\se p]haps2 b ea* ye> sees ^! replac$ by neat homes1 su* z ^? at ,h>risburgh1 on ! ,p5nsylvania2 at ,coll9wood1 ,o41 on ! ,lake ,%ore2 at ,baltimore1 on ! ,b4 ,o42 at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,union ,/ation1 & ! ,williamson1 ,w4 ,va41 on ! ,norfolk & ,we/]n ,railway4 ,on a s+le sy/em--! ,new ,york ,c5tral--!re are #ch associations1 ) #bg build+s built = ! purpose & valu$ at #gjj1jjj1 & a v active memb]%ip ( #ab1gii railroad]s4 ,9 ! national organization memb]%ip !re are m ?an #he1jjj m51 repres5t+ e dep>tm5t ( ! railroad s]vice4 ,an av]age ( #ae1ejj meals--& mighty good reasonably pric$ meals !y are1 too--is s]v$ daily1 :ile m ?an #ej1jjj railroad]s come to ! club-h\ses ea* tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beyond ! necessity = ma9ta9+ ! moral fibre ( ! railroad] 7& x is a/oni%+ h[ little ma9t5ance su* a corps ne$s7 is ! dec5t necessity ( tak+ c>e ( him 9 case ( illness4 ,railroad+1 ) all ! safety devices t h multipli$ 9 its s]vice )9 ! pa/ qu>t] ( a c5tury1 is /ill a haz>d\s occupation to ! m5 :o are out ^u ! l9e4 ,! li/ ( cripples1 & ! dea?-li/ ( a twelvemon?1 are /ill appall+ ?+s--appall+ 9 ! aggregate1 fe>ful 9 any s+le concrete case1 a case :]e !re may be a helpless wife & little *ildr5 to be br\ght into ! reckon+4 ,! railroads h begun to %\ld] _! responsibility 9 ?is matt]4 ,legislation has help$ 9 ! matt] b to-day big c>ri]s are prep>+ to d ev5 m--to pay premiums & c>ry "s =m ( casualty insurance on ea* ( _! employees1 :o may be engag$ 9 a haz>d\s "p ( ! "w4 ,t ?+ is go+ to d m ?an any o!r "o ?+ possibly c\ld d4 ,:5 a big railroad realizes t its bill = premiums is go+ to be r$uc$ by ! addition ( _m simple protective devices1 ^? devices are go+ to be in/antly adopt$4 ,t is ! way ( railroads1 & ( bus9ess1 al?\gh x is n to be *>g$ = a s+le mom5t t ! ,am]ican railroads h n done mu* )9 ! pa/ #be ye>s t[>d rais+ ! m>g9 ( safety = _! employees4 ,( c\rse1 ! railroad]s h long s9ce _h _! insurance1 al?\gh ! regul> life companies look ^u !m ) di/ru/ z risks4 ,!y h be5 =c$ ei!r to pay high premiums 9 ! regul> companies or else to organize insurance ( _! own4 ,_! bro!rhoods h c>ri$ =? ?is "w ) int]e/ & ) skill4 ,^! bro!rhoods1 or unions1 ( ! locomotive eng9e]s1 ! firem51 ! conductors1 ! tra9m51 & sev]al o!r bran*es ( ! s]vice1 h be5 mighty ag5ts1 too1 9 ! developm5t ( ! moral fibre ( ! ,am]ican railroad]4 ,lack ( space prev5ts a consid]ation ( ea* 9 detail4 ,to d !m b simple ju/ice1 to s+ ! epic ( ! mighty ,bro!rhood ( ,locomotive ,eng9e]s1 = in/ance 7:i* has only rec5tly f9i%$ a great build+ ( its own 9 ,clevel&71 w\ld require a volume = itself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ! railroads h n be5 neglig5t 9 ?is matt]4 ,= in/ance1 a man on ! ,baltimore ,ohio c pay #a4jj a mon? out ( 8 pay envelope & h #a1jjj4jj life insurance4 ,he c likewise pay #c4jj a mon?1 & #c1jjj4jj w be paid 8 heirs ^u 8 dea?4 ,! railroad company /&s back ( ?is fund & gu>antees ! insurance4 ,x makes good f its own treasury any deficit or %ortage t might be incurr$ 9 its op]ation4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ! ,p5nsylvania has conduct$ a simil> "w1 "u ! title ( ! ,volunt>y ,relief ,dep>tm5t4 ,memb]%ip 9 ?is is1 z ! "n indicates1 purely volunt>y1 ! road's employees be+ admitt$1 aft] favorable physical exam9ation1 up to ! age ( #de ye>s & #f mon?s4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company 9 ?is in/ance also /&s z gu>antor ( ! insurance fund4 ,a close exam9ation ( x 9 "s detail may int]e/4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! detail--! five classes into :i* employees may ent]3 #a/ #bnd #crd #d? #e? ,class ,class ,class ,class ,class ,mon?ly pay ,any #ce or #ee or #ge or #ie or rate m m m m ,contributions p] mon?3 ,class #j4ge #a4ej #b4be #c4jj #c4ge ,additional ,dea? ,b5efit1 equal dea? b5efits ( class3 ,tak5 at n ov] #de ye>s ( age 4#cj 4#fj 4#ij #a4bj #a4ej ,tak5 at ov] #de ye>s & n ov] #fj ye>s ( age 4#de 4#ij #a4ce #a4hj #b4be ,tak5 at ov] #fj ye>s ( age 4#fj #a4bj #a4hj #b4dj #c4jj ,disablem5t b5efits p] day1 includ+ ,sundays & holidays3 ,accid5t3 ,fir/ #eb weeks 4#ej #a4jj #a4ej #b4jj #b4ej ,aft] #eb weeks 4#be 4#ej 4#ge #a4jj #a4be ,sickness3 ,aft] fir/ ?ree days & n long] ?an #eb weeks 4#dj 4#hj #a4bj #a4fj #b4jj ,aft] #eb weeks 4#bj 4#dj 4#fj 4#hj #a4jj ,dea? ,b5efits3 ,= ,class #bej4jj #ejj4jj #gej4jj #ajjj4jj #abej4jj ,additional t may be tak5 #bej4jj #ejj4jj #gej4jj #ajjj4jj #abej4jj ,an employee1 h[ev]1 :o is "u =ty-five ye>s ( age1 :o has be5 five ye>s 9 ! s]vice & a memb] ( ! relief fund = "o ye>1 may ent] any high] class ?an t det]m9$ by 8 pay1 ^u pass+ satisfactory physical exam9ation4 ,paym5ts f ! fund v>y f =ty c5ts p] day = sickness & fifty c5ts = accid5t 9 ! s]vice1 = memb]s 9 ! fir/ class1 to #b4jj p] day = sickness & #b4ej = accid5t ) a dea? b5efit ( f #bej4jj to #b1ejj4jj1 accord+ to class ( memb]%ip & dea? b5efit held4 ,s9ce ! fund has be5 9 op]ation1 ! foll[+ paym5ts h be5 made1 to ,decemb] #ca1 #aiji1 inclusive3-- ,= ,accid5t dea? b5efits #b1ahe1cdc4dj ,sickness dea? b5efits #e1iad1haa4ah ,accid5t disablem5t b5efits #d1jgf1fcf4hi ,sickness disablem5t b5efits #g1hee1jfi4gc ,sup]annuation all[ances #dae1cfg4ee ,op]at+ exp5ses #c1bjg1aca4jf --------------- ,total #bc1fed1cei4ha ,dur+ ! same p]iod1 ! ,p5nsylvania has contribut$ to ! fund 9 op]at+ exp5ses1 gratuities1 etc41 exclusive ( int]e/1 ! foll[+3 ,= ,op]at+ exp5ses #c1bjg1aca4jf ,special paym5t1 etc4 #dbd1ega4ia ,= defici5cies #gcc1iac4hi -------------- ,total #d1cfe1faf4hf ,9 addition to :at ! ,p5nsylvania is do+ 9 ! paym5t ( ! p5sions & contributions = ! ma9t5ance ( ! relief fund1 ! relief & p5sion dep>tm5ts h ! use ( ! telegraph & ! tra9 s]vice free ( *>ge2 & 9 case ( accid5t 9 ! s]vice to employees1 free surgical & hospital att5dance is furni%$1 &1 :]e necess>y1 artificial limbs or o!r appliances1 )\t co/ to ! employee4 ,no figures are available z to ! co/ ( surgical att5dance1 or ! furni%+ ( artificial limbs1 b x is cons]vatively e/imat$ by ! ,p5nsylvania (fic]s z equall+ ! am\nt paid = ! op]ation ( ! relief dep>tm5t4 ,! mod]n railroad does n wait1 h[ev]1 = a man to become injur$ or to die be=e assum+ any responsibility = 8 c>e4 ,!re may come a day :5 ! burd5 ( ye>s makes him a little less fit = ! /r5u\s s]vice ( railroad+4 ,x is ,nature's way ( tell+ man t he has labor$ well & t he is entitl$ to a re/4 ,9 o!r days1 ! railroad recogniz$ ?is 9 a r in=mal way4 ,x took its vet]an employees1 retir$ !m into a com=table ease1 & _h ! payma/] s5d !m *ecks ea* mon? = a "p ( _! old wages4 ,out ( t cu/om ! railroad p5sion sy/em 0 born1 only ) ?is %>p di/9ction3 ,9 ! old way ! man 0 taught to believe 8 mon?ly *eck a favor or gratuity on ! "p ( ! railroad2 "u ! p5sion sy/em he comes to "k x1 n z an act ( *>ity b z 8 "r1 a "r e>n$ by long h>d ye>s ( fai?ful s]vice4 ,?is idea has begun to be recogniz$ z fundam5tal by railroad manag]s4 ,directors & (fic]s n[ realize t ! p5sion fund & "s ( ^! o!r features t we h j consid]$1 are causes directly contribut+ to ! effici5cy ( ! railroad4 ,! policy is m]ely "o ( good managem5t4 ,aga91 let u see ! way ! ,p5nsylvania h&les ?is matt]1 n because ! ,p5nsylvania is alone 9 ?is ?+1 b r because x is "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ di/9ctive ( ,am]ican railroads1 & almo/ a pione] 9 ?is "w4 ,be=e x began pay+ p5sions to retir$ employees1 ! ,p5nsylvania _h already long conduct$ a relief fund & a sav+s fund1 & _h contribut$ to libr>ies & railroad bran*es ( ! ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 ,! p5sions are paid entirely by ! company4 ,9 ! ye> #aiji1 = in/ance1 #eid1jjj 0 paid out to ! m5 :o _h retir$ betwe5 ! ages ( #fe & #gj4 ,f ! "t ! fund 0 e/abli%$ until ! end ( #aiji1 appropriations = x am\nt$ to m ?an #d1jjj1jjj1 n[ paid to "s #b1cjj m5 annually4 ,employees may retire = age at #gj1 or = physical incapacitation betwe5 #fe & #fi4 ,if !y h be5 9 ! s]vice z long z #cj ye>s1 !y are grant$ an all[ance bas$ on "o p] c5t ( ! mon?ly wages = ea* ye> ( s]vice4 ,! p]c5tage is bas$ on ! wages receiv$ = ! t5 ye>s prec$+ retirem5t4 ,?us1 if an eng9e]1 or a brakeman1 or a fireman1 has s]v$ ! ,p5nsylvania #cj ye>s1 he may retire betwe5 #fe & #gj & receive n less ?an #cj p] c5t ( 8 mon?ly wages dur+ ! la/ #aj ye>s ( "w4 ,! o!r railroads us+ ! p5sion s*eme h foll[$ ^! g5]al outl9es = _! "w4 ,x has become an e/abli%$ feature ( railroad op]ation1 & rec5tly a second vice-presid5t 0 creat$ on ! ,baltimore ,ohio = ! express purpose ( h&l+ ! company's relief "w4 ,sometimes ! railroad organizes sav+s-funds = employees1 pay+ f ?ree & "o-half to z high z five p] c5t on _! deposits1 limit+ ^! to some?+ l a hundr$ doll>s a mon?1 & mak+ e ag5t on ! sy/em a deposit>y ( ! fund4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! /reet railroad sy/ems 9 ! l>ge cities1 toge!r ) a few ( ! l>g] int]urban sy/ems1 h rec5tly begun to adopt sy/ematic me?ods ( keep+ 9 t\* ) _! employees4 ,! ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,company1 op]at+ a great sy/em 9 a "p ( metropolitan ,new ,york1 & employ+ m ?an #ae1jjj m51 0 a pione] 9 ?is "w4 ,x f\nd t :ile ! railroad ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 0 effici5t = ! club-h\se "w on /eam railroads1 !re 7 local conditions 9 ,brooklyn t made x be/ = ! company to build & op]ate its own club-h\ses4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 remodell$ f an old c>-b>n4 ,x became a v int]e/+ club1 ) read+-rooms1 ba?s1 a b>b]-%op1 a gymnasium1 class-rooms = ev5+ /udy1 & a !atre1 seat+ "s #a1bjj folk4 ,= ! !atre ! railroad hires vaudeville actors1 & gives its great semi-(ficial family free ent]ta9m5ts--foll[$ by danc+ & refre%m5ts4 ,on v especial nights ! tal5t is furni%$ entirely by ! trolley-m5 & v effective tal5t x is1 too4 ,on all nights ! music is furni%$ by ! ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit b&1 made up entirely ( /reet-c> m5 & m5 f ! elevat$ roads ( ! sy/em4 ,! railroad company has furni%$ ! music1 ! uni=ms1 ! in/rum5ts1 & ! directors--all t ! m5 h _h to furni% is _! "t & int]e/1 & ^! !y h furni%$ 9 su* good measure t !re is a wait+-li/ n[ l>ge en\gh to equip a second full brass b&4 ,! ,brooklyn sy/em has also begun to e/abli% model re/aurants 9 its outly+ b>ns1 :]e clean & good food is furni%$ to ! m5 at co/4 ,! /reet railroad is1 9 "s su* cases z ^!1 confront$ ) a /eam railroad problem4 ,_m ( ! big c>-b>ns are 9 sp>sely settl$ suburbs ( ! city :]e ! only eat+-places h be5 saloons or _! adjuncts4 ,! /reet railroad c no m af=d to h its m5 9 saloons1 ?an its bigg] bro!r4 ,to take f !m ! "o dec5t excuse = be+ 9 su* places x is e/abli%+ its re/aurants1 :]e ! m5 c h clean] & bett] food ?an 9 ! saloons1 & )\t ! risk to ! railroad4 ,! ,brooklyn road & ! o!r l>ge sy/ems h adopt$ ! relief & p5sion funds2 ! idea seems to spread z rapidly among ! electric z x did among ! /eam railroads4 ,"s ( !m h add$ odd & effici5t k9ks ( _! own4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,bo/on ,elevat$ ,railway makes pres5ts ( gold at ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 rang+ f #bj to #ce ea*1 to ea* ( its m5 :o has a clean record = c\rtesy to patrons1 & ,bo/on ga9s a reputation ?r\gh t = ! uni=m c\rtesy ( h] trolley-m54 ,! ,bo/on ,elevat$ has also inaugurat$ a policy ( giv+ free legal advice to ea* ( its employees :o may ne$ x4 ,x has always be5 a p]quisite ( high railroad (fic]s to avail !mselves ( ! road's legal dep>tm5t = _! p]sonal ne$s4 ,"u ! ,bo/on plan ?is p]quisite is ext5d$ to e man on ! road--! "y motorman :o _h fooli%ly gone to a loan %>k1 & :o is n[ be+ h>ri$ by him2 ! old conductor :o wi%es to convey a h\se or draw a w4 ,! road's legal dep>tm5t w advise him s9c]ely1 9 8 own be/ int]e/4 ,x w draw up 8 legal pap]s1 d any?+ = him except take 8 case into c\rt1 & ev5 !n x w advise an hone/ & capable attorney = him4 ,z = t motorman :o w5t to ! loan %>k :5 he f\nd an imm$iate ne$ ( fifty doll>s1 ! road /&s ready to advance him ! money ^u good cause1 & w *>ge him only a nom9al rate ( int]e/ until x has gradually repaid itself f 8 wages4 ,8 division sup]9t5d5t is emp[]$ to he> 8 /ory ) sympa!tic e>1 & to arrange = ! loan4 ,employees' magaz9es h be5 decid$ factors 9 bo? br++ & keep+ ! railroad 9 t\* ) its army ( m54 ,! ,erie 0 a pione] 9 ?is "w five ye>s ago2 ! plan has s9ce be5 adopt$ ) signal success by ! ,nor?we/]n1 ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral1 ! ,santa ,fe1 ! ,p]e ,m>quette1 & "s o!r l9es4 ,^! little magaz9es1 made int]e/+ en\gh 9 a g5]al way to cat* & hold ! att5tion ( _! read]s1 are s5t out ea* mon? to e man on ! sy/em ) 8 pay-*eck4 ,!y spread railroad int]e/ & railroad en?usiasm among _! read]s4 ,on "o page !y tell ( /yles = ! eng9e]'s wife1 & on ! next !y %[ an economical use ( coal = ! eng9e]2 & s !y may help to pay _! way4 ,!y tell ( errors & mi/akes among ! railroad's employees1 )\t m5tion+ names1 s t m5 may pr(it by !m & act diff]5tly4 ,b !y pr9t ! names ( ! railroad]s :o d ! good ?+s1 ! novel ?+s1 ! practical ?+s1 ! economical ?+s1 ! h]oic ?+s1 out along ! l9e4 ,& ?is roll ( honor is a long "o4 ,b x is n always 9 ! big ?+s t a railroad keeps 9 t\* ) its m51 sometimes x is 9 v small ?+s4 ,"s "t ago1 a division sup]9t5d5t on ! ,erie ,railroad decid$ t = ea* ( 8 eng9e]s :o kept 8 eng9e 9 p>ticul>ly good ord] = a giv5 l5g? ( "t1 he w\ld h ! numb] plate on ! front ( ! boil] pa9t$ 9 r$4 ,we w h ! ,ord] ( ! ,r$ ,spot1 laugh$ ,sup]9t5d5t ,p>sons1 ( ! ,susquehanna ,division1 z he sign$ a bullet9 ann\nc+ ! ?+4 ,n[ t 0 a little ?+4 ,! co/ ( pa9t+ t r$ spot on ! brea/ ( "s pr\d locomotive 0 b nom9al2 b li/5 to ! result6 ,a big ,erie (fic] 0 up ! l9e a few mon?s lat]1 & 0 loaf+ 9 a junction-t[n on ! ,susquehanna ,division1 wait+ = a ?r\gh tra94 ,he walk$ d[n to ! end ( ! /ation plat=m & !re /ood a pass5g] locomotive wait+ to take a tra9 9 ! o!r direction4 ,x belong$ to ! pr\d ,ord] ( ! ,r$ ,spot1 an ord] ( :i* ?is p>ticul> (fic] _h n he>d2 & ! eng9e] 0 already ab\t x ) 8 long-h&l$ oil-c4 ,! (fic] did n reveal 8 id5tity1 b said3 ,wait+ to take out a special8 ,! eng9e] did n look up1 b said3 ,we c>ry =ty-six ov] ! division4 ,i didn't ?9k t =ty-six 0 due = two h\rs yet1 said ! railroad (fic]4 ,%e is n1 answ]$ ! eng9e]1 b ,i've be5 d[n "h an h\r & a half already fuss+ ) ?is baby to h h] 9 %ape4 ,y may notice t %e belongs to ! ,ord] ( ! ,r$ ,spot4 ,!n t p>ticul> man came to "k ab\t ! ,r$ ,spots4 ,all ! way back to ,j]sey ,city he kept look+ = ,r$ ,spots1 & e "t he saw "o1 he saw an eng9e slick & clean1 z if %e _h j come f ! %ops4 ,t set him to ?9k+2 & aft] he 0 done ?9k+1 ,p>sons 0 promot$ 9 s]vice1 & ! ,ord] ( ! ,r$ ,spot 0 e/abli%$ = ! sy/em4 ,!re has be5 an exalt$ division made ( t ord] rec5tly4 ,:5 a man c be assign$ to "o eng9e & he br+s h] into ! ,r$-,spot class & keeps h] !re1 ! railroad d$icates t eng9e to him = ! re/ ( 8 lifetime ^u ! sy/em4 ,8 "n1 9 gilt lett]s1 goes ^u ! cab-panel ( ! eng9e1 :]eas 9 o!r days y us$ to see ^? ( /atesm5 & ( railroad-own]s2 & !re x /ays until ! eng9e goes to ! scrap-heap4 ,! o!r day ! fir/ ( ^! eng9es1 draw+ a ,waldwick local1 pull$ into ! ,j]sey ,city pass5g] t]m9al2 on its cab 0 ,h>vey ,spr+/ead s l>ge & cle> t y c\ld read x across ! y>d2 9 ! cab-w9d[ 0 ,h>vey ,spr+/ead1 pr\d] = t mom5t ?an any e>?ly pr9ce or pot5tate4 ,sometimes ! competitive idea is ! be/ to fo/] to accompli% results f ! m51 & to b9d !m & ! road a bit clos] toge!r4 ,we h se5 h[ a =tnight ( ,t4 ,b4 ,m4 ,f4 repairs to a locomotive has be5 quick5$ d[n "u conte/ to #ac h\rs & #cd m9utes4 ,_m ( ! m successful railroads began "s ye>s ago to in/itute annual conte/s betwe5 _! section-bosses4 ,! section-boss :o kept 8 /ret* ( ! "r-(-way 9 cleane/1 trimme/ %ape = a twelvemon? got a black & gold sign at 8 h&-c> h\se1 s big t folk :o rode 9 ! fa/ expresses c\ld read ! honor t x conf]r$ ^u him4 ,sometimes he gets m--a trip pass = 8 wife & himself to "s di/ant po9t1 or ev5 a ca% prize4 ,annually ! sup]9t5d5t ( ma9t5ance may run a special tra91 ) a specially devis$ obs]vation gr&/& at its re> or pu%$ ahead ( ! eng9e4 ,on t gr&/& sit all ! section bosses & o!r track ma9t5ance exp]ts4 ,!y see ! o!r fell['s sections--& _! own2 & "s "t on t trip !re is a little d9n] & ! aw>d+ ( ! prizes4 ,d n ev5 d>e to ?9k t ^! ?+s c\nt = little ^u ! railroad4 ,!y are mighty factors 9 ! ma9t5ance ( "o ( its v greate/ factors1 ! human "o4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,! ,,com+ ,,( ,,electricity ,,electric ,,/reet ,,c>s--,,suburban ,,c>s--,,electric ,,?ird-,,rail ,,f ,,utica ,,to ,,syracuse--,,"s ,,railroads ,,p>tially ,,adopt ,,electric ,,p[]--,,! ,,b5efit ,,( ,,electric ,,p[] ,,9 ,,tunnels--,,also ,,at ,,t]m9al ,,/ations--,,conditions ,,:i* ,,make ,,electric ,,traction ,,practical ,,& ,,economical--,,hopeful ,,outlook ,,= ,,electric ,,traction--,,! ,,monorail ,,& ,,! ,,gyroscope ,,c>1 ,,inv5t$ ,,by ,,l\is ,,br5nan--,a ,,simil> ,,inv5tion ,,by ,,augu/ ,,s*]l4 ,x is b>ely m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury s9ce electricity fir/ became practical = use z a motive p[] ^u railroads4 ,! e>ly exp]im5ts ( ,?omas ,a4 ,edison at ,m5lo ,p>k1 ,n4 ,j41 & ^u ! n[ ab&on$ railroad up ,m\nt ,mc,gregor1 ,n4 ,y41 soon gave way to real electric /reet railroads 9 ,montgom]y1 ,ala41 9 ,ri*mond1 ,va41 & f ,brooklyn to ,jamaica1 ,n4 ,y4 ,^!1 9 turn1 gave way to /ill bett] =ms ( electric traction1 until ! trolley has n only all b entirely driv5 ! horse-c> & ! cable-c> f city /reets1 b has p]=m$ a notable new transportation function 9 giv+ quick communication f "o t[n to ano!r 9 ! well-settl$ portions ( ! c\ntry4 ,^! ent]prises are q outside ( ! prov9ce ( ?is book2 ! cases :]e ! electric locomotive & electric motor-c> h usurp$ ! /eam locomotive ^u its own rails are p]t95t4 ,z soon z ! electric railroad _h begun to rea* out into ! c\ntry f ! %>p conf9es ( ! t[ns1 ! /eam railroad m5 began to take int]e/4 ,x w\ld h be5 ev5 bett] = !m if "s ( !m _h tak5 %>p] int]e/ at ! beg9n+4 ,b ! few m5 :o 7 long-sight$ en\gh a doz5 ye>s ago to see ! developm5t possibilities ( a =m ( traction t 0 comp>atively inexp5sive to in/all & to op]ate h be5 repaid = _! sagacity4 ,^! m5 began a doz5 ye>s ago to wond] if electricity c\ld n be br\ght to ! s]vice ( ! long-e/abli%$ /eam railroad4 ,9 mo/ cases ! %ort suburban /eam roads outside ( l>ge cities1 :i* 7 z apt to be op]at$ by dummy eng9es z by /&>d locomotives1 7 ! fir/ to be electrifi$1 & 9 ^! cases !y usually became ext5sions ( ! !n novel trolley l9es4 ,folk no long] _h to come 9 ^u a poky little dummy tra9 ( unc]ta9 s*$ule & decid$ly unc]ta9 habits1 & !n transf] at ! edge ( ! cr[d$ portion ( ! city to horse-c>s4 ,!y c\ld g fly+ f out] c\ntry to ! he>t ( ! t[n 9 half an h\r1 & ^u frequ5t s*$ule1 & ! bus9ess ( build+ & boom+ suburbs 0 born4 ,aft] ^! roads _h be5 develop$1 o!r /eam l9es began to /udy ! situation4 ,a little /eam road t _h w&]$ (f into ! hills ( ,columbia ,c\nty f ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y41 & _h l$ a prec>i\s exi/5ce1 ext5d$ its rails a few m miles & became ! ?ird-rail electric l9e f ,albany to ,hudson1 & a p[]ful competitor = pass5g] traffic ( a l>ge trunk-l9e railroad4 ,! ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav51 ,h>t=d f\nd ! electric ?ird-rail ( good s]vice betwe5 two adjac5t ,connecticut cities1 ,h>t=d & ,new ,brita92 ! ov]head trolley a good sub/itute = ! locomotive on a small bran* t ran a few miles nor? f ,/am=d1 ,conn4 ,b ! problems ( electric traction = regul> railroads 7 some:at complicat$1 & ! big /eam roads r avoid$ !m until !y 7 =c$ ^u _! att5tion4 ,! int]urban roads _h spread too rapidly 9 _m1 _m cases1 :]e !y 7 made ! opportunities = su* prec>i\s f9anc+ z once di/+ui%$ ! hi/ory ( /eam roads--& !y _h 9 mo/ ( ^! cases made havoc ) ?ickly settl$ /ret*es ( bran* l9es & ma9 l9es4 ,9 a great _m cases ! /eam roads h _h to dig deep into _! pockets & buy at good /iff prices ! v roads ! build+ ( :i* !y might h anticipat$ ) j a little =e?\ght4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,hudson ,riv] took su* =e?\ght aft] "s ( its pr(itable bran*es 9 we/]n ,new ,york _h be5 p>allel$ by high-spe$ trolleys1 & a v few ye>s ago in/all$ ! electric ?ird-rail on its ,we/ ,%ore prop]ty f ,utica to ,syracuse1 #dd miles4 ,! ,we/ ,%ore is "o ( ! great trag$ies 9 ,am]ican railroad+4 ,built 9 ! e>ly eighties f ,weehawk5 7opposite ,new ,york ,city7 to ,buffalo1 x _h app>5tly no great] object ?an to p>allel closely ! ,new ,york ,c5tral & to attempt to take away f ! old] road "s ( ! f9e bus9ess x _h held = _m ye>s4 ,aft] bitt] rate-w>1 ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 ) all ! res\rces & ! ability ( ! ,v&]bilts beh9d x1 won decisively1 & b\ght its new rival = a song4 ,b a prop]ty s closely p>allel+ its own tracks has be5 practically useless to x all ! way f ,albany to ,buffalo1 save z a relief l9e = ! ov]fl[ ( ?r\gh freight4 ,s ! ,we/ ,%ore tracks = high-class high-spe$ ?r\gh electric s]vice f ,utica to ,syracuse 0 a happy ?\ght4 ,"u /eam conditions only two pass5g] tra9s 7 run ov] t some:at moribund prop]ty 9 ea* direction daily1 :ile ! two tra9s ( sleep+-c>s pass+ ov] ! tracks at night 7 ( practically no use to ! resid5ts ( ^? two cities4 ,"u electric conditions1 !re is a fa/ limit$ s]vice ( ?ird-rail c>s or tra9s1 leav+ ea* t]m9al h\rly2 mak+ b two /ops & ! run ( ov] #dd miles 9 an h\r & tw5ty m9utes4 ,!re is also high-spe$ local s]vice1 & ! l9e has become imm5sely popul>4 ,by lay+ /ret*es ( ?ird & f\r? tracks at v>i\s po9ts1 ! movem5t ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral's ov]fl[ ?r\gh freight has n be5 s]i\sly incommod$4 ,! electric pass5g] s]vice is n op]at$ by ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 b by ! ,oneida ,railways ,company1 9 :i* ! controll+ int]e/s ( ! /eam road h l>ge blocks ( /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,high-,,spe$ ,,electric ,,locomotive ,,on ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,br++ ,a ,,?r\gh ,,tra9 ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,tunnel ,,und]nea? ,,! ,,hudson ,,riv] ,,& ,,into ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,city ,,t]m9al ,illu/ration3 ,,high-,,spe$ ,,direct-,,curr5t ,,locomotive ,,built ,,by ,,! ,,we/+h\se ,,company ,,= ,,! ,,t]m9al ,,s]vice ,,( ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,railroad1 ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,triple-,,phase ,,locomotives ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,railway ,,help+ ,a ,,d\ble-,,head] ,,/eam ,,tra9 ,,up ,,! ,,grade ,,into ,,! ,,cascade ,,tunnel ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,out] ,,%ell ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,hav5',s ,,freight ,,locomotive ,,remov$1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,work+ ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,ma*9e ,simil>ly1 ! ,erie ,railroad dispos$ ( a decay+ bran* ( its sy/em1 runn+ f ,nor? ,tonaw&a to ,lockport1 to ! ,buffalo /reet railroad sy/em1 al?\gh res]v+ = itself ! freight traffic 9 & out ( ,lockport4 ,! ,buffalo road in/all$ ! ov]head trolley sy/em1 & n[ op]ates an effici5t & pr(itable trolley s]vice ^u t bran*4 ,p]haps x 0 because ! ,erie saw ! application ( ^! ideas1 & decid$ t x 0 bett] to take its own pr(its f electric pass5g] s]vice ?an to r5t its bran*es aga9 to an outside company2 & p]haps because x also =esaw ! com+ electrification ( its network ( suburban l9es ar\nd ,new ,york1 & wi%$ to te/ electric traction to its own satisfaction2 b five ye>s ago x *ang$ ! suburban s]vice ( its l9es f ! s\? up into ,ro*e/] f /eam to electric4 ,x is n[ prep>+ to cont9ue ?is "w fur!r4 ,! ,p5nsylvania1 :ile its great new /ation 9 ,new ,york 0 /ill a matt] ( eng9e]'s blue pr9ts1 began practical exp]im5ts ) electric traction 9 ! flat s\!rn portion ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,x own$ a section ( l9e ideally situat$ 9 e respect = su* exp]im5ts1 its orig9al & r indirect r\te f ,canada to ,atlantic ,city1 :i* _h s9ce be5 m or less sup]s$$ by a %ort] air l9e r\te4 ,! ?ird-rail 0 in/all$1 & ! new l9e became at once popul> = suburban traffic 9 & out ( ,philadelphia & = ! great press ( local traffic betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,atlantic ,city4 ,( ! success ( t move on ! "p ( ! ,p5nsylvania !re has nev] be5 ! slighte/ "q4 ,regul> tra9s h be5 op]at$ = sev]al ye>s ov] ?is r\te at #fj miles an h\r1 & n ! slighte/ difficulty has be5 f\nd 9 ma9ta9+ ! s*$ules4 ,b n[h]e has ! sub/itution ( electric locomotive = ! /eam work$ great] com=t = ! railroad pass5g]--to say no?+1 ( ! rais+ ( t some:at intangible factor ( safety--?an 9 long tunnels4 ,! ,baltimore ,ohio1 :i* 0 a pione] among ! /eam railroads 9 ! use ( electric locomotives1 began to use !m 9 #ahif 9 its great tunnel t pi]ces ! v f\ndations ( ! city ( ,baltimore4 ,t sy/em1 once adopt$1 became p]man5t4 ,:at 0 at "o "t a fe>ful summ] exp]i5ce betwe5 ,camd5 ,/ation & ,m\nt ,royal ,/ation 9 t city has become m]ely a pleasant novelty ^u ! trip4 ,:at c\ld be done at ,baltimore has be5 done "u ! ,detroit ,riv]1 twice4 ,! ,gr& ,trunk pi]c$ und]nea? t /ream 9 #ahij1 by a s+le-track tunnel #f1jjj feet 9 l5g?1 9 :i* = sev5te5 ye>s bo? freight & pass5g] tra9s 7 haul$ by special locomotives1 fitt$ = ! burn+ ( an?racite coal4 ,al?\gh ^! eng9es r5d]$ r satisfactory s]vice1 x 0 f\nd desirable to sub/itute electric locomotives = !m 9 ord] to remove ! limitations ( haulage capacity 9 ! tunnel2 = x is a kn[n fact t electric tra9s c be op]at$ mu* m rapidly & also m closely toge!r ?an /eam4 ,! *ange obviat$ ! dang] & inconv5i5ce due to locomotive gases 9 ! tunnel4 ,! electric locomotives fir/ w5t into s]vice 9 ,febru>y1 #aijh4 ,! tunnel is n[ clean1 well-light$1 & safe to "w 92 & tra9s ( mu* great] l5g? ?an be=e c be haul$1 ?us reliev+ ! conge/ion 9 ! freight-y>ds on bo? sides ( ! riv]4 ,simil>ly1 electric locomotives h become ! tractive p[] 9 ! great new tunnel :i* ! ,mi*igan ,c5tral has j complet$ across ! ,detroit ,riv] at ,detroit1 & ^u ! ,cascade ,tunnel :]e ! ,great ,nor!rn ,railroad pi]ces "o ( ! great ranges ( ! ,we/]n ,divide4 ,! ,cascade ,tunnel is int]e/+ f ! fact t x is entirely built ^u a heavy grade ( #a4g p] c5t = its l5g? ( m ?an ?ree miles4 ,! /eam locomotives are cut out f ! s]vice1 :ile on ! heavy up-grade ( ! tunnels an electric locomotive1 ( trem5d\s pull+ p[]1 w c>ry ev5 ! heavie/ freights ?r\gh ! bore at an av]age spe$ ( fifte5 miles an h\r4 ,^! ,cascade ,tunnel locomotives are ! only ones 9 ! c\ntry tak+ alt]nat+ curr5t at triple phase & at ! trem5d\s voltage ( #f1fjj directly f an ov]head trolley wire4 ,& t w br+ u 9 a mom5t to ano!r consid]ation ( ?is "q ( ! developm5t & ! deliv]y ( p[]4 ,! mo/ rec5t ( tunnel in/allations has j be5 complet$ 9 ! greate/ ( all ,am]ican m\nta9 bores--! ,hoosac ,tunnel4 ,?is fam\s tube1 f\r & ?ree-qu>t]s miles 9 l5g?1 gave itself v readily to ! skill ( ! electric eng9e]1 ) ! result t ! ,bo/on ,ma9e sy/em1 its pres5t own]1 f9ds ! greate/ imp$im5t to ! op]ation ( its ma9 l9e f ,bo/on to ! we/ entirely remov$4 ,! e>li] in/allations 7 all :at is kn[n z direct curr5t2 t is1 ! p[] is br\ght directly f ! dynamos 9 ! p[]-h\ses & by means ( ?ird-rail or ov]head trolley x is deliv]$ to ! motors ( ! locomotives ( ! c>s4 ,b "s ye>s ago ! l>g] ( ! di/9ctively electric railroads f\nd t = great curr5t dem&s ov] a l>ge di/ribut+ di/rict1 ?is sy/em 0 exp5sive & impracticable2 t1 = ! *ief ?+1 x requir$ copp] cables = c>ry+ long-di/ance curr5t s l>ge z to be ( v great co/4 ,s "s ( ^!1 ) ! aid ( ! electrical manufactur]s1 exp]im5t$ & develop$ ! alt]nat+ curr5t ( high voltage & l[ amp]age1 :i* is capable ( be+ c>ri$ to di/ant trans=m+ or sub-/ations & !re r$uc$ to l[ voltage & high amp]age4 ,?is alt]nat+ curr5t sy/em1 because ( its great op]at+ economies1 is rapidly becom+ ! /&>d = ! city railroad sy/ems ( metropolitan communities1 z well z = ! great trunk-l9e int]urban electric roads t are beg9n+ to gridiron ! c\ntry4 ,! ,new ,hav5 ,railroad1 :5 x fir/ began to electrify its ext5sive suburban s]vice into ,new ,york ,city1 0 ! fir/ to br+ x to ! s]vice ( a /&>d /eam road1 & by a clev] adaptation ( its locomotives 0 able to br+ a s+le-phase alt]nat+-curr5t directly to !m at ! enorm\sly high voltage ( #aa1jjj1 )\t ! use ( trans=m+ /ations or direct-curr5t transmission4 ,aft] "s fe>fully disappo9t+ exp]im5ts at ! outset1 ! ,new ,hav5 sy/em has f9ally prov$ ! wor? ( its alt]nat+-curr5t1 & ! road is n[ engag$ 9 erect+ its ov]head transmission con/ruction all ! way f ,/am=d 7! pres5t t]m9al ( ! electrical s]vice7 to ,new ,hav51 #gb miles di/ant f ,new ,york4 ,)9 t5 ye>s its heavy ,new ,york & ,bo/on traffic w probably be entirely h&l$ by electricity1 & ! run ( #bcb miles w be made )\t difficulty 9 f\r h\rs or ev5 less4 ,at pres5t ! /eam locomotives ( ^! tra9s & ! o!r tra9s t s]ve almo/ all ( ,new ,engl& are deta*$ f ! inb\nd movem5t at ,/am=d1 & ! rema9+ #cc miles ( ! run into ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation is made beh9d a p[]ful electric locomotive4 ,! process is1 ( c\rse1 rev]s$ on outb\nd tra9s4 ,= ! #ab miles f ,woodlawn into ! ,gr& ,c5tral ! run is made ov] ! tracks ( ! ,h>lem division ( ! ,new ,york ,c5tral ,railroad :i* uses direct curr5t at a voltage ( #fej1 & ?ird-rail in/ead ( ov]head transmission4 ,! wond]ful adaptability ( ! alt]nat+ curr5t is %[n1 n 9 ! fact t a *ange mu/ be made f ov]head trolley to ?ird-rail alone1 = t is m]ely a slight me*anical problem1 b 9 ! fact t a locomotive haul+ a heavy tra9 c1 )\t a great slack+ ( spe$1 *ange f receiv+ an alt]nat+ curr5t ( #aa1jjj volts to a direct curr5t ( #fej volts4 ,outb\nd1 x rev]ses ! process4 ,! necessity ( cle>+ out ! smoke-fill$ ,p>k ,av5ue ,tunnel approa* to ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation br\ght bo? ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 its own]1 & ! ,new ,hav51 its t5ant1 to electric traction = t]m9al & suburban s]vice at ,new ,york4 ,! ,new ,york ,c5tral's sy/em1 z has already be5 /at$1 is direct-curr5t & x is suppli$ f two great p[]-h\ses 9 ! suburban di/rict4 ,?r\gh tra9s are haul$ 9 & out ( ! /ation by electric locomotives1 :ile suburban tra9s1 :i* make _! r\nd-trip runs entirely )9 ! #be or #cj miles ( electric zone1 are run )\t locomotives1 ! /eel suburban coa*es hav+ motors set )9 _! trucks1 aft] ! ord9>y fa%ion ( electric c>s across ! l&4 ,! *ange f /eam to electricity at ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation did m1 h[ev]1 ?an m]ely cle> ! long-approa* tunnel ( smoke & f\l gases1 s t n[adays a man c ride on ! obs]vation-plat=m ov] its entire l5g?4 ,! traffic 9 t wond]fully busy /ation has = _m ye>s _h %>p limitations because ( ! f\r tracks 9 t tunnel1 two tracks be+ us$ = ! tra9 movem5t 9 ea* direction4 ,! limit$ /ation-y>d capacity at ! t]m9al has necessitat$ _m tra9s be+ /or$ at ,mott ,hav5 y>ds2 & ! drill+ ( ^! empty tra9s 9 & out ( ! /ation1 comb9$ ) ! normally heavy movem5t ( regul> & special tra9s1 has only add$ to ! great conge/ion4 ,! m9imum ?ree-m9ute headway betwe5 tra9s op]at$ by /eam ?r\gh ! tunnel1 & its f\r-track$ viaduct approa*1 fix$ ! maximum traffic at #dj tra9s an h\r 9 ea* direction4 ,! capacity ( ! t]m9al ) ?is limitation ( s]vice 0 tax$ to its utmo/1 & "s relief = ! con/antly increas+ traffic 0 imp]ative4 ,n[1 ow+ to ! improv$ conditions ( electric op]ation1 tra9s may be run on a two-m9ute headway1 or less--?is "o measure ?us increas+ ! /ation capacity by #ej p] c5t at ! lea/4 ,! ,new ,hav5 road has also adopt$ ! practice ( runn+ "s ( its suburban tra9s )\t locomotives1 b by means ( motors und]nea? ea* coa*--! multiple-unit sy/em1 z electrical eng9e]s h come to "k x4 ,?is is ! sy/em1 ) "s slight v>iations1 ^u :i* ! elevat$ & subway l9es ( ,new ,york1 ,brooklyn1 ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1 & ,*icago are op]at$2 & x is quickly applicable1 z we h j se51 to "s phases ( t]m9al op]ation = ! /&>d /eam railroads4 ,b ! /eam locomotive is to hold its own = _m ye>s1 9 _m1 _m phases ( railroad op]ation2 electric traction is practical & economical only :5 !re are fairly conge/$ traffic conditions4 ,! coa*es t are /&>d = x1 & :i* x mu/ haul = _m miles across ! l&1 mu/ be h&l$ 9 ! electrically equipp$ t]m9als by electric locomotives ( "o type or ano!r4 ,^! locomotives are g5]ally equipp$ ) coal-heat]s = ma9ta9+ ! /eam 9 ! heat+-pipes ( ! ?r\gh equipm5t2 & 9 ^! days1 :5 ! electric light+ ( ?r\gh tra9s is all b univ]sal1 !y may supply curr5t = ?is purpose also4 ,electric locomotives h be5 completely successful :]e !y h be5 us$1 bo? alone & 9 connection ) multiple-unit suburban tra9s1 9 ! ,gr& ,c5tral ,/ation & ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ation 9 ,new ,york ,city z ! fir/ complete in/allations4 ,b :at has be5 s successfully done 9 ,new ,york w soon be repeat$ 9 o!r big cities 9 ! l&2 ,bo/on is already insi/+ t ! network ( suburban l9es t spreads ov] h] environs be electrifi$2 ,philadelphia is prep>+ = ! electrification ( ! ,p5nsylvania's fan-"w ( l9es into ,broad ,/reet ,/ation2 ,baltimore is dem&+ t :at has be5 done 9 "o great tunnel und]nea? h] f\ndation hills be repeat$ 9 two o!rs4 ,*icago w see great in/allations ( ?is s]vice )9 ! next few ye>s4 ,nor is ! use ( electricity ^u ! /&>d /eam railroad to /op bluntly ) ^! t]m9al *anges & improvem5ts2 _m & _m a decay+ bran* is yet to be fann$ into new life1 new /r5g?1 new activity1 ?r\gh a skilful trans=mation ( its tractive p[]s4 ,:at has be5 done at ! ,detroit ,riv] & ! ,cascade tunnels is to be done else:]e across ! l&--?r\gh ! doz5s ( po9ts :]e railroads pi]ce ! m\nta9s & g "u ! riv]s by tunnels4 ,electric tunnels are yet to br+ ! ,p5nsylvania at l[] grade at ,gallitz9 & ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ?r\gh ! high cre/ ( ! ,si]ras4 ,electric traction = ! big /eam roads is /ill 9 its infancy4 ,only #a1jjj miles out ( a total ( #bbj1jjj miles ( /eam railroad 9 ! l& are z yet op]at$ by electricity4 ,! o!r day a big traffic-man sat 9 8 ,*icago (fice & said3 ,! fir/ railroad t electrifies = ! ?\s& or less miles betwe5 ?is t[n & ,new ,york is go+ to get all ! ri* pass5g] bus9ess4 ,n a big portion ( x1 m9d y1 b e s+le bless$ bit ( x6 99 99 99 99 99 ,consid] = a f9al mom5t1 9 pass+1 ! mono-rail1 ! gyroscope4 ,if y are a practical railroad] y may laugh & say3 ,a toy4 ,p]haps x is a toy to-day4 ,b j rememb] hi/ory & y w recall t ! toy ( to-day becomes ! tool ( to-morr[1 & !n give ! mono-rail a mom5t ( sob] ?\ght4 ,less ?an #b1jjj feet ( ?is con/ruction =m$ a mo/ int]e/+ exhibit at ! ,jame/[n ,exposition ( #aijg4 ,a railroad man :o rode on t exp]im5tal track said3 ,if y _h built m ?an #cjj feet ( track y c\ld h giv5 a bett] demon/ration ( y\r sy/em4 ,to ?is ! inv5tor smil+ly repli$3 ,y h gone ov] #a1hjj feet4 ,! inve/igator _h ridd5 fa/] ?an #de miles an h\r & _h n realiz$ ! spe$4 ,y nev] d 9 ! mono-rail c>4 ,x rides m g5tly ov] ! r\ghe/ bit ( track ?an ! f9e/ ,limit$ moves ov] heavy rail & /one balla/1 ! be/ track t m5 c ma9ta94 ,an actual railroad ( ! mono-rail type has be5 built & is be+ develop$ 9 ! suburbs ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,x sup]s$es a railroad ( ! olde/ type--horse-c>s--f ,b>t[ to ,city ,isl&1 9 ! ,bronx4 ,balance is kept = its c>s by means ( a light ov]head metal con/ruction1 h>dly m conspicu\s ?an t ( ! ov]head trolley-"w us$ 9 city /reets4 ,?is ov]head "w1 l ! trolley-wire1 supplies electric p[] to ! c>s2 only 9 em]g5cies w x come into play to hold ! "o-legg$ c> erect4 ,on ?is /ret* ( l9e spe$ & balance te/s w be made :5 pass5g] traffic is at l[-tide4 ,^u ! result ( ^! te/s w be drawn ! con/ruction plans = a f\r-track rapid transit railroad f ,new ,york to ,new>k1 t5 miles4 ,?is la/ plan has already be5 f9anc$ by ,new ,york m5 :o h made transportation _! *ief problem = _m ye>s4 ,x may be develop$ ^u ! rails ( a d\ble-track railroad1 m ?an d\bl+ its capacity1 )\t increas+ ! wid? ( ! "r-(-way4 ,all ( ^! mono-rail roads w become applicable to ! gyroscope :5 t wondr\s man-toy becomes a man-tool4 ,& ! gyroscope dem&s no ov]head con/ruction ( any sort4 ,x simply asks a s+le rail ^u :i* to f9d a pa? & (f]s no objections ei!r to ! /eepe/ ( grades or to ! %>pe/ ( curves4 ,! fir/ model ( gyroscope c> %[$ its ability to navigate easily ! full l5g? ( a piece ( crook$ gas-pipe1 laid 9 r\gh semblance ( a track4 ,= !re is a gyroscope c> already--9 fact1 sev]al ( !m4 ,on ,may #h1 #aijg1 ,l\is ,br5nan1 a brilliant ,iri% inv5tor1 liv+ 9 ,engl&1 exhibit$ ! fir/ model ( ! gyroscope c>1 & ! news 0 fla%$ 9 detail all ! way ar\nd ! _w4 ,! little c> he !n %[$ 0 en\gh to int]e/ ! ke5e/ ( sci5ti/s4 ,x trav]s$ e sort ( mono-rail track t c\ld be devis$1 at v>y+ rates ( spe$1 x /ood /ill at ! inv5tor's comm& & reta9$ its balance p]fectly4 ,:5 a man's h& 0 pu%$ aga9/ x z if to ?r[ ! c> (f its seem+ly slight balance1 x pu%$ back1 /an*ly held t balance1 & ,br5nan laugh+ly said t !re 0 some?+ t comp>$ ) ! velocity ( ! w9d4 ,:5 he spoil$ ! ev5 trim ( 8 %ip 7x did look l a boat z x sp$ ar\nd ! lawn ^u its n>r[1 guid+ ?read7 & plac$ ! weights ^u "o side ( ! c>1 t side rose up to receive !m4 ,! c> /ill held its balance p]fectly1 & ,br5nan said t 8 act repres5t$ =ty or fifty p]sons mov+ sudd5ly across a full-siz$ pass5g] coa*4 ,f9ally1 he plac$ 8 little daught] 9 ! c> & s5t x out ov] a deep gully :]e a s+le /\t /eel cable s]v$ z a susp5sion bridge4 ,! inv5tor's assi/ant swung t bridge l a hammock b ! c> laugh$ at ! old-fa%ion$ dom9e]+ laws ( gravity1 & ! little girl wav$ h] h& at h] daddy4 ,well might %e wave h] h& at him4 ,8 a*ievem5t 0 a real triumph4 ,f a top revolv+ 9 a frame at any angle he _h evolv$ ! gyroscope c>1 ! "o ?+ requir$ = ! successful developm5t ( ! mono-rail4 ,f t c> he has be5 /eadily develop+ bett] ones4 ,on ! t5? ( ,novemb]1 #aiji1 he built a full-siz$ c> ^u :i* tw5ty m5 & boys rode 9 glee4 ,on t self-same day1 by /range co9cid5ce1 a ,g]man inv5tor1 ,augu/ ,s*]l1 exhibit$ 9 a l>ge hall 9 ,dresd51 a mono-rail c>1 held at p]fect equilibrium by a gyroscope :i* he _h quietly built & p]fect$4 ,! c> 0 #ah feet long & #d feet wide1 & m\nt$ on two trucks4 ,! net weight 0 #b-a_/b tons1 :ile ! gyroscope itself1 turn+ 9 a vacuum at ! fe>ful rate ( #h1jjj revolutions a m9ute1 weigh$ b #e-a_/b p] c5t ( ! total weight ( ! c>4 ,x c>ri$ eight p]sons1 & :5 fir/ %[n 9 ,b]l9 x caus$ a trem5d\s s5sation1 #fj1jjj p]sons witness+ ! trial dur+ a p]iod ( five days4 ,ev5 royalty took its turn at rid+ 9 ! novel conveyance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ "q t ! av]age man asks :5 he sees a gyroscope is3 ,well1 ?is ?+ may be all "r :5 x is 9 motion1 b h[ ! deuce is x go+ to support itself :5 x is /&+ /ill8 ,b x does support itself4 ,! gyroscope :eels cont9ue to revolve at some?+ close to #h1jjj revolutions a m9ute1 & !y hold ! c>1 s t ! fluctuation 9 ! weight x c>ries1 due to load+ or unload+1 does n affect x1 ev5 9 slight degree4 ,! av]age man rema9s unconv9c$4 ,suppose ! electric p[] t sp9s ! gyroscope goes back on y8 he dem&s4 ,! inv5tor tells him t t is easy en\gh4 ,! gyroscope1 revolv+ 9 a vacuum1 w keep on turn+ at suffici5t spe$ to balance ! c> = ne>ly an h\r4 ,long be=e t ! side-/ays1 t make ! c> a ?ree-prong$ /ructure :ile out ( s]vice1 c be dropp$4 ,:5 ,to-morr[ f9ally comes & ! gyroscope c> is 9 its own1 provision w be made on all ?r\gh mono-rail r\tes aga9/ j su* an em]g5cy4 ,at v>i\s po9ts sid+s w be con/ruct$ ) l[ walls1 j high en\gh to receive ! c>s :5 _! gyroscope equilibrium ceases4 ,^! w be j z mu* a "p ( ! equipm5t ( ! mono-rail trunk l9e z :>ves are a "p ( /eam%ip s]vice4 ,x w be a "p t w receive less & less att5tion z folk beg9 to realize h[ little dep5d5t ! gyroscope c> is ^u ! old laws ( gravity4 ,we w h billi>d c>s 9 our fa/e/ tra9s1 says ,br5nan4 ,a man w be able to play t delicate game on a railroad tra9 all ! way f ,new ,york to ,san ,francisco1 if he *ooses4 ,contemplate t1 y railroad]s & travell$ folk ( to-day4 ,^? c>s w make ! c>s ( to-day seem l pygmies4 ,ea* w be #bjj feet 9 l5g? & #cj feet 9 wid?4 ,no wond] t p c talk ( billi>d tables4 ,a tra9 ( six ( ^! c>s w be long] ?an ! longe/ ( our transcont95tal expresses ( to-day4 ,!y w be fa/5$ toge!r ) ve/ibule connections1 & ! =w>d end ( ! fir/ c> w h a %>p beak4 ,! blunt front ( an ord9>y tra9 beg9s to be a spe$ ob/acle at m ?an #ej miles an h\r4 ,spe$8 ,d y ?9k t #ej miles an h\r is spe$8 ,our locomotives d f> bett] ?an t e day 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a tra9 on a /&>d railroad & haul$ by /eam z a motive p[] has gone fa/] ?an ! rate ( #ace miles an h\r4 ,) ! mono-rail & ! gyroscope1 ) ! c\ntless m\nta9 brooks & riv]s h>ness$ & gr9d+ out electricity1 ! inv5tors say calmly t !y w beg9 at #bjj miles an h\r4 ,d y realize :at #bjj miles an h\r means8 ,x means t y\r gr&son or y\r gr&son's son c leave ,new ,york 9 ! morn+1 d half a doz5 err&s 9 ,c9c9nati1 & be back 9 8 home 9 ,we/ ,f\r ,hundr$ & ,?irty-eigh? ,/reet 9 "t = a late supp]4 ,x means t he c lun* 9 ,*icago1 span half a doz5 mighty ,/ates1 ?read+ ! m\nta9s1 ?r\gh ! t[ns & ov] ! cities1 skimm+ ! broad expanses ( fat f>ms1 & d9e 9 ,new ,york ! same night4 ,x means t he c g f "o ocean across ! cont95t to ! o!r 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,b ,to-morr[ is n yet "h4 ,ye/]day 0 j "h4 ,9 ,ye/]day m5 7 boa/+ ( _! ability to g f ,new ,york to ,philadelphia by coa* 9 two nights & two days & 7 ask+3 ,:at next8 ,,app5dix ,,app5dix ,,effici5cy ,,?r\gh ,,organization ,9 a local freight-h\se 9 an inl& manufactur+ city ( ?irty ?\s& inhabitants betwe5 =ty & fifty freight-h&l]s _h be5 employ$ = a t]m runn+ f twelve to fifte5 ye>s4 ,! freight-h\se boss 0 ( ! old s*ool4 ,:5 he ?\ght t he ne$$ m help1 he made a fe>ful noise1 sc>$ headqu>t]s1 & m help 0 giv5 him4 ,! /rong-arm$ gang report$ at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+ & !n held a two-h\r conv]sazione1 :ile ! book-keep+ =ce 9 ! d+y (fice at ! end ( ! freight-%$ arrang$ ! way-bills & ! bills-(-lad+ = ! day's "w4 ,be=e t5 o'clock1 if all w5t well1 ! freight-h\se gang 0 g5]ally at "w pu%+ its way ?r\gh a seem+ *aos ( less-?an-c>load freight4 ,aft] a "t ! old freight-ag5t di$ & a new "o came 9 8 place4 ,! new man 0 on 8 job less !n ?ree mon?s be=e he arrang$ a new s*$ule 9 t freight-h\se--& dropp$ tw5ty-five m5 f its pay-roll4 ,fir/ he summon$ ! bookkeep+ =ce toge!r1 & ann\nc$ t x w\ld report at five o'clock 9 ! morn+1 in/ead ( sev52 ( c\rse1 leav+ two h\rs e>li] ea* aft]noon4 ,! bookkeep+ =ce demurr$4 ,x 0 n pleasant gett+ up be=e daybreak 9 ! w9t] d>kness ( a *ill nor!rn t[n1 & su* a s*eme int]f]$ ) ! social plans ( "o or two ( ! bookkeep]s4 ,b ! new boss only smil$ & said1 ,try x4 ,& aft] !y _h tri$ x1 ! way-bills & ! bills-(-lad+ 7 ready at sev5 o'clock :5 ! h&l]s report$ = "w1 & ! freight-h\se got to "w ^u ! %riek ( ! r\ndh\se :i/le4 ,aft] t1 ! pay-li/ 0 cut--y may be sure t a h\se-boss :o c\ld s*eme out su* a plan c\ld we$ out ! %irk]s & ! idl]s among 8 /aff--&1 bett] /ill1 ! consignees began to get _! freight soon] ?an ev] be=e 9 ! hi/ory ( t t[n4 ,ev5tually--& a wond]fully %ort ev5tually x really 0--! freight-ag5t climb$ ! ladd] to ! sup]9t5d5t ( t division & "u 8 bailiwick came a railroad :i* _h rec5tly become atta*$ to ! p>5t sy/em ?r\gh ! process ( b5evol5t assimilation4 ,! ord9>y less-?an-c>load bus9ess 0 mov$ out ( ! freight-h\se ( ! small] road & x 0 giv5 ov] entirely to c>riage & automobile %ipm5ts--! inl& city makes a specialty ( manufactur+ vehicles ( e sort4 ,! division sup]9t5d5t w5t ov] to ! c>riage freight-h\se & saw t x took a doz5 m5 to man x1 al?\gh x 0 n m ?an a six-c> /&4 ,c>riage bodies & automobile bodies crat$ are bo? heavy & awkw>d1 & ! boss ( t h\se 0 ask+ = m help4 ,! sup]9t5d5t w5t /raight f t freight-h\se to a local f\ndry1 sat !re = fifte5 m9utes ) its draughtsman & !n & !re evolv$ an ov]head trolley-arrangem5t1 v mu* ! same z ! big pack+-h\ses use = h&l+ heavy c>casses4 ,a requisition = ! ?+ w5t ?r\gh a-fly+1 & n[ ! c>riage-h\se 9 t city is h&l$ ) two tra9$ m54 ,! s*eme is fa/ becom+ /&>d 9 ! new] freight-h\ses & 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 ! ,m4 ,k4 ,t4 has j adopt$ x = its spl5did new t]m9al1 :ole fleets ( plat=ms hung close to ! floor & susp5d$ f an ov]head trolley arrangem5t entirely sup]s$e ! brigades ( h& trucks =m]ly 9 use4 ,t is ! po9t ( x4 ,!re mu/ be doz5s ( o!r cities ( ?irty ?\s& population1 ( sixty ?\s&1 ( n9ety1 ( "o or two or ?ree1 ( five hundr$ ?\s&1 :]e a little su* me?od w\ld produce simil> results4 ,9 t fir/ h\se1 a sav+ ( ab\t #cej a week 0 made1 :5 ! "y freight-ag5t br\ght "s sy/em into ! du/y place4 ,a doz5 su* sav+s or ev5 great]1 w\ld be q a help on ! railroad's balance %eet4 ,at lea/ t is ! gospel :i* ,l\is ,br&eis1 ( ,bo/on1 prea*$1 & :i* attract$ _w-wide att5tion :5 he made ! exact /atem5t t he c\ld save ! railroads ( ! c\ntry a million doll>s a day 9 ! op]ation ( _! l9es4 ,! railroads made a p]fectly good legal case be=e ! ,int]/ate ,comm]ce ,commission--or let u assume t1 at any rate1 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,b "o su* cl>ify+ /atem5t z t ( ,br&eis' produc$ m effect bo? ^u ! l& & ! ,commission]s ?an all ! legal briefs t toge!r 7 fil$ 9 advocacy ( ! raises 9 ! freight t>iffs4 ,at no "t did ! railroads successfully controv]t ,br&eis' sweep+ /atem5t1 & s !y lo/ _! fight4 ,& yet ! railroads are accompli%+ "s rem>kable improvem5ts 9 _! int]nal affairs--= :i* !y are be+ giv5 n an iota ( cr$it4 ,& "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! is ! promotion ( effici5cy ?r\gh organization1 or bett] yet1 ?r\gh reorganization4 99 99 99 99 99 ,along 9 ! fifties1 ,h]man ,haupt1 :o 0 aft]w>ds a brigadi]-g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army & brevett$ major-g5]al1 devis$ ! wond]ful organization s*eme ( ! ,p5nsylvania sy/em1 :i* is /ill 9 use to-day on t well-manag$ prop]ty4 ,! s*eme has be5 adopt$ s9ce !n by practically all ! l>ge railroads 9 ! c\ntry4 ,be=e ,g5]al ,haupt evolv$ x1 !re 0 no real organization among ! great railroads4 ,l ,topsy1 !y j gr[$ f ! little individual horse & /eam l9es f :i* !y 7 =m$ & !y 7 ev5 m l ,topsy 9 "s o!r details4 ,b ,haupt's plan br\ght dignity to a great bus9ess t ne$$ dignity--& sy/em4 ,= fifty ye>s x has be5 accompli%+ some?+ m ?an m]ely s]v+ its purpose4 ,b railroad t]m9als & railroad equipm5t ( fifty ye>s ago are long s9ce obsolete1 & s )9 rec5t ye>s ! l>g] railroads h f\nd _! organization s*emes n up ) ! times4 ,! gr[+ complexity ( _! "w1 ! intricacy ( _! relations ) ! v>i\s city1 /ate1 & national gov]n+ bo>ds1 ! con/ant t5d5cy to enl>ge & to consolidate ^!1 h all prov$ fe>ful taxes ^u ! ,haupt plan4 ,great masses ( correspond5ce h accumulat$1 ! :ole bus9ess ( conduct+ ! railroad has be5 enme%$ 9 :ole miles ( r$-tape--& m5 l ,br&eis1 ( ,bo/on1 h be5 p]mitt$ to make _! *all5ges & /& uncorrect$4 ,g back into ! sixties = ?is la/ "t1 & pause = a mom5t at ! fight+ ( ! ,am]ican ,rebellion4 ,m5 9 ! ,nor? 7 beg9n+ to he> t ! ,conf$]ate army _h some?+ diff]5t1 some?+ bett]1 9 its organization ?an ! ,union army4 ,x 0 an intangible some?+1 b x seem$ to make = effici5cy1 &1 aft] all1 t 0 ! ma9 ?+4 ,s aft] ! w> 0 hi/ory1 !re 7 f>-sight$ ,nor!rn]s :o said t x w\ld be well to br+ t intangible some?+ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates army4 ,at su* a "t t ?+ 01 h[ev]1 tacitly impossible1 & x 0 dropp$ = m ?an ?irty ye>s4 ,b ,von ,moltke pick$ up ! idea1 & incorporat$ x 9 ! int5sely mod]n army ( mod]n ,g]many4 ,x help$ to w9 ! great ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 & :5 ! o!r nations ( ,europe began to exam9e x x _h a "n2 x 0 beg9n+ to be a tangible some?+4 ,milit>y m5 call$ x ! /aff idea1 & :5 y ask$ !m to expla9 x !y told y t (fic]s :o h&l$ m5 7 kn[n z l9e (fic]s1 & ^? :o h&l$ ?+s z /aff (fic]s4 ,9 o!r words1 m5 c\ld be lift$--z x 71 9 an aroplane ( sci5tific organization--away f _! comm&s & _! n>r[ environm5ts1 up to a po9t :]e !y c\ld h p]spective1 :]e !y c\ld h&le m51 regim5ts1 small arms1 heavy ordnance on a l>ge scale4 ,! /aff (fic]s "w 9 ?+s 9 ! ab/ract1 j z ! l9e (fic]s m\ld m5 9 ! concrete4 ,!re !n is ! r\gh !ory ( /aff organization :i* 0 pick$ up & adapt$ to its use by ! ,unit$ ,/ates army at ab\t ! "t ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>4 ,( its value !re c be no d\bt2 ( its effici5cy no "q4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a "y man--,major ,*>les ,h9e--:o _h se5 ! op]ation ( mod]n /aff 9 ! regul> army1 decid$ t x 0 a good ?+ = ! great railroad sy/ems ( ! c\ntry4 ,h9e knew railroads4 ,9 ord] t he might "k !m ?or\ghly1 he "o day pack$ 8 uni=ms & 8 saddle away 9 8 trunk & w5t quietly out & got a job z brakeman on a freight tra94 ,he did n /ay on ! c> ro(s v long2 he has s]v$ 9 ab\t e conceivable po/ 9 railroad divisional organization1 & he has _h a good *ance to /udy ! weaknesses ( ^? v organizations4 ,we h got to elim9ate gov]nm5t by *ief cl]ks1 said ,major ,h9e at ! v beg9n+4 ,we are gr[+ too rapidly = ! m5 high] up4 ,we are =c$ to delegate (ficial au?ority to cl]ks & =em51 & !n we build up an autocracy ar\nd "s p]son ( (ficial rank4 ,x is p]nici\s feudalism1 ?is p]mitt+ ! *ief cl]k1 & a good _m times "s o!r cl]ks1 to sign ! "n ( ! (fic] :om !y attempt to repres5t4 ,a railroad is really s spread out t its (fic]s live a d\ble (ficial life2 a "p ( ! "t !y are at _! desks1 & ano!r "p out ^u ! l9e4 ,yet ! av]age railroad (fic]1 be he ( high or l[ degree1 flatt]s himself t by "s subtle me?od ( p]sonal sup]iority1 he is enabl$ to act intellig5tly 9 two places at ! same "t4 ,major ,h9e saw h[ t work$ at ! v beg9n+ ( a special s]vice ) ! ,s\!rn ,pacific ,railroad4 ,he 0 d[n 9 ! ,yaqui ,riv] c\ntry 9 ,mexico1 :]e heavy con/ruction "w 0 "u way4 ,9 company ) ! division eng9e]1 he 0 rid+ ! l9e mule-back4 ,! division eng9e] _h sev]al p>ties "u him1 ea* 9 *>ge ( a resid5t eng9e]1 & all engag$ 9 lay+ out & *eck+ ! contractor's "w4 ,! headqu>t]s ( ! division eng9e] 7 presid$ ov] by a n9ety-doll>-a-mon? *ief cl]k1 :o 0 deal+ 9 ! abs5ce ( 8 sup]ior ) "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five doll> resid5t eng9e]s4 ,! division eng9e] assur$ 8 gue/ t ! telephone p]mitt$ close p]sonal contact ) headqu>t]s1 t e h\r que/ions 7 ref]r$ to him4 ,! vice-presid5t ( ! company1 desir+ to *ange ! assembl+ po9t = lun*eon1 s\ght = two h\rs f eng9e]+ headqu>t]s to locate ! division eng9e]1 :o 0 on ! grade all ! "t4 ,! condition m5tion$ necessitates ! *ief cl]k's sign+ ! "n ( 8 sup]ior to heads ( dep>tm5ts l[] d[n1 :i* heads are receiv+ l[] sal>ies1 & are presumably ( wid] exp]i5ce ?an ! *ief cl]k :o essays to be _! monitor4 ,?is is done 9 ! "n ( r\t9e bus9ess4 ,un=tunately no two m5 (t5 agree ^u :at con/itutes r\t9e bus9ess4 ,almo/ e railroad (fic] w tell y t my *ief cl]k h&les only r\t9e bus9ess & nev] assumes too mu* au?ority4 ,:5 closely que/ion$1 ! same (fic] w reveal 9 ! utmo/ confid5ce ! fact t ! same condition does n obta9 ) ! *ief cl]k ( ! (fic] :o is ov] ! in=mant4 ,/rangely en\gh1 if ! compla9+ witness is promot$ to 8 boss's job1 ! same condition /ill exi/s1 %[+ t ! sy/em is at fault1 r ?an its individual memb]s4 ,wor/ ( all1 ! *ief cl]k has to break 9 all ! new bosses & ?us has only limit$ promotion himself4 ,major ,h9e has said t ! bigness ( ?+s on ! ,h>riman l9es1 ! bread? ( ! policies ( ,napoleon ,h>riman & ,von ,moltke ,julius ,krutts*nitt1 ! vice-presid5t 9 ! *ange ( ! op]ation ( t f>-rea*+ gr\p ( railroads1 /r5g!n$ 8 n]ve to advocate radical dep>ture f preconceiv$ notions ( railway organization4 ,h9e1 at 8 home 9 ,virg9ia1 _h once act$ z receiv] ( a suburban trolley sy/em1 :]e he _h introduc$ a simplifi$ organization4 ,he f\nd1 at t "t1 t ! und]ly+ pr9ciple ( t organization w\ld apply to a ?\s& times z _m m5 on ! great ,h>riman l9es4 ,incid5tally1 aft] ! receiv]%ip 0 lift$1 ! new own]s ( ! prop]ty discont9u$ ! organization :i* ,major ,h9e _h creat$1 = !y took ! gr\nd t no o!r electric road _h su* a sy/em1 & t !re=e !re c\ld be no?+ 9 x4 ,krutts*nitt decid$ to let ,major ,h9e beg9 on ! ,h>riman l9es ) ! reorganization ( ! divisions4 ,he decl9$ to ord] any *anges1 b plac$ ! burd5 ( mission>y "w & conv]sions among 8 subord9ates on ! %\ld]s ( 8 special repres5tative4 ,!re are n a doz5 lett]s be>+ on ?is subject 9 ,krutts*nitt's (fice4 ,! "w 0 done by p]sonal contact1 :i* 9 two ye>s involv$ ov] "o hundr$ ?\s& miles ( travel by ,h9e4 ,major ,h9e /ates t1 not)/&+ ! spl5did _s ( ! (fic]s ( ! ,h>riman l9es1 little w\ld h be5 accompli%$ )\t ! tactful support ( ,krutts*nitt1 ! man ^: supremacy & ^: brilliant abilities are unque/ion$ 9 ! railway _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,krutts*nitt has be5 he>d to say t ! cr$it lies ) ! en?usia/ic y\ng] man :om he atta*$ to 8 /aff4 ,mo/ ( ! divisions ( ! ,h>riman l9es _h an assi/ant sup]9t5d5t1 engag$ ma9ly 9 outside duties1 ) an (fice ne> ! sup]9t5d5t's1 presid$ ov] by a *ief cl]k4 ,bo? ! sup]9t5d5t & ! assi/ant sup]9t5d5t _h 8 own *ief cl]k1 :o consum$ reams ( pap] annually 9 int]communications ov] _! respective sup]ior's signatures4 ,! new sy/em provides1 z a fir/ /ep1 t if ! division has no assi/ant sup]9t5d5t1 "o %all be appo9t$4 ,! next /ep is to ord] ! assi/ant sup]9t5d5t to rema9 at headqu>t]s 9 *>ge ( ! (fice1 9 effect1 b n 9 "n1 ! *ief-(-/aff idea1 s successfully appli$ by ! ,g]mans ?r\gh ,von ,moltke4 ,:5 necess>y1 an additional tra9ma/] is appo9t$ = ! previ\s outside duties ( ! assi/ant sup]9t5d5t4 ,! old *ief cl]k is plac$ 9 l9e ( promotion by appo9t+ him1 :5 possible1 to a position ) outside duties on ! road4 ,next1 ! division %op is raid$1 ! division ma/] me*anic & ! travell+ eng9e] 7road =eman ( eng9es7 are mov$ bodily to ! same build+ ) ! division sup]9t5d5t1 :]e are usually already locat$1 ! division eng9e]1 ! tra9ma/]1 & ! *ief despat*]4 ,! old !ory has be5 t ! ma/] me*anic %\ld be at 8 %op to sup]vise ! %op =ce4 ,! new conception is t ! ma/] me*anic has pass$ ! /age ( a %op =eman2 t1 locat$ at "o %op1 he unconsci\sly comes to und]e/imate ! importance ( r\ndh\ses & c> repair plants at outly+ po9ts on ! division4 ,he is br\ght to division headqu>t]s to get ! atmosph]e ( transportation1 to be 9 t\* ) ! tra9 %eet1 & to realize t motive p[] is "o ( ! compon5t elem5ts ( transportation2 t ! %op is incid5t to ! railroad1 n ! railroad to ! %op4 ,! (ficial family1 n[ be+ ga!r$ "u ! p>5tal ro( ( ! sup]9t5d5t1 are politely reque/$ to deposit ! (ficial %oot+-iron1 ! typewrit]1 9 "o (ficial ars5al1 f :i* all %oot+ w be done 9 ! future4 ,! (fice files are consolidat$ 9 "o (fice ( record4 ,?is idea is borr[$ f ! c\rts ( ju/ice1 :]e "o cl]k ( ! c\rt1 ) z _m deputies z necess>y1 records all transactions reg>dless ( ! numb] ( judges & o!r (fic]s4 ,y mu/ h work$ 9 a railroad (fice to appreciate ! fe>ful condition ( (ficial files 9 ?is ye> ( grace1 n9ete5 hundr$ elev54 ,y ask = ! file on t culv]t at ,jones' f>m on ! ,m>t9sburgh bran*1 & an anmic (fice-boy /agg]s t[>d y ) en\gh manuscript to be ! mak+ ( a novel4 ,!re are ! contract arrangem5ts & ! correspond5ce ) ! ,j4 ,b4 ,g4 conc]n+ ! union /ation privileges t are enjoy$ ) x at ,blissville2 :y1 !re 0 a :ole *apt] giv5 ov] to t episode ( ,july1 ?ree summ]s ago1 :5 ! lead]s _h to be r5ew$ on t magnific5t /ructure1 & its ro( re-%+l$4 ,"h is ! contract = h&l+ milk on a s+le side-l9e division--& ! accompany+ symposium ( ?\ght f *ief cl]ks & m9or (fic]s 9 ! =m ( miscellane\s--& entirely useless--correspond5ce4 ,?is is ! agreem5t ) ! bridge-build]s' union--f\r in*es ?ick4 ,no wond] ! %elves ( ! record room sag1 & t ! cl]ks are holl[-ey$4 ,tons ( unprotect$ pap] h be5 scrawl$ ^u1 p]fect riv]s ( helpless black ink h done ! "w--& all = t6 ,! heavie/ file 9 ! (fice ( ! ,h>riman sy/em to-day is half an in* 9 ?ickness1 & !re is no "o to d5y t ! prop]ty is be+ run at a high /age ( effici5cy--p>ticul>ly 9 comp>ison ) "s o!r railroad sy/ems ( ! l&4 ,z ! result ( a s+le record sy/em at any division headqu>t]s1 ! a/\nd+ sav+ has be5 to t gr\p ( railroads1 ( five hundr$ ?\s& lett]s a ye>1 & x n[ goes )\t say+ t !y 7 unnecess>y lett]s4 ,9 a ye> or two1 t figure w cross ! million m>k--& y mu/ take second brea? to imag9e ! "t & ?\ght t goes into ! mak+ ( a million lett]s 9 a twelvemon?4 ,! mat]ial sav+ 9 /ation]y is consid]able--al?\gh trifl+ 9 ! op]ation ( a sy/em t sp5ds ab\t #bbe1jjj1jjj a ye>1 b ! logical claim is made t ! five hundr$ ?\s& lett]s elim9at$ ret>d$ r ?an help$ adm9i/ration1 t !y produc$ m h>m ?an good4 ,deep] ?an all ?is is ! dw>f+ effect ^u ! individual initiative ( ! man bel[1 = :om ! lett] attempts to ?9k4 ,elim9ation ( r$ tape is n ! sole object ( ! new sy/em4 ,mr4 ,krutts*nitt reg>ds ?is z incid5tal4 ,:at has appeal$ to him is ! f9al /ep 9 ! organization :i* is to conf] ! uni=m title ( assi/ant sup]9t5d5t ^u ! =m] division eng9e]1 ma/] me*anic1 tra9ma/]1 travell+ eng9e]1 roadma/]1 & *ief despat*]4 ,^! (fic]s reta9 _! =m] duties & responsibilities1 b !y broad5 au?ority to meet em]g5cies on ! spot4 ,?is means increas$ sup]vision ( employees1 m sci5tific managem5t ( m54 ,! (ficials ( ! ,h>riman l9es fac$ "h a tickli% problem4 ,! attitude ( organiz$ labor 0 9 d\bt4 ,w\ld ! m5 object to too _m bosses8 ,w\ld confusion result f sev]al m5 issu+ ord]s t might possibly conflict8 ,! results h be5 a spl5did v9dication ( ! intellig5ce ( ! m5 :o are close to ?+s4 ,! m5 7 (t5 quick] to cat* ! idea ?an 7 ! (fic]s4 ,:at appeal$ to !m mo/ ( all 0 ! dictum t no man c\ld sign ano!r man's "n or initials4 ,we old m5 d our "w1 no matt] h[ _m bosses !re are2 we realize t y\ng] m5 ne$ m in/ruction ?an sup]vision1 said a vet]an conductor on ! ,union ,pacific1 :5 ! matt] 0 br\ght to 8 att5tion4 ,we us$ to make "o report to ! ma/] me*anic & ano!r to ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,n[ "o report address$ simply 'assi/ant sup]9t5d5t' is en\gh4 ,x means less r$ tape4 ,b :at we l be/ ( all is t "s sm>t ,aleck ( a cl]k c no long] jack u up4 ,t vet]an ticket-pun*] recall$ t 9 old] days conductors _h be5 dismiss$ = all[+ op]ators to sign _! names to telegraphic tra9 ord]s2 p]haps ! lett] ( dismissal 0 sign$ by ! sup]9t5d5t's *ief cl]k4 ,!re 0 railroad sy/em = y6 ,aft] a ye> & a half ( :at ! local (fic]s call$ trial--= ,mr4 ,krutts*nitt & ,major ,h9e h always reg>d$ t p]iod z demon/ration r ?an z exp]im5t--! sy/em 0 broad5$4 ,x 0 appli$ to "s ( ! high] units4 ,= ne>ly a ye>1 ! ,u4 ,p4 g5]al (fic]s at ,omaha h _h five assi/ant g5]al manag]s4 ,9 o!r days !re 7 a g5]al sup]9t5d5t1 a sup]9t5d5t ( motive p[]1 a *ief eng9e]1 a sup]9t5d5t ( transportation1 & an assi/ant to ! g5]al manag]4 ,! new million doll> g5]al (fice build+ ( ! ,u4 ,p4 at ,omaha w h its (fice space arrang$ accord+ to ! new conception4 ,until x is complet$1 ! consolidation ( (fice records w n be practicable1 because ! v>i\s g5]al (fices are n[ scatt]$ ov] t[n4 ,b a />t has be5 made1 & plans laid = full developm5t4 ,:at is good at ! ea/ end ( a railroad is g5]ally z good at ! we/ end1 & s ! plan1 work+ h&ily 9 g5]al (fices at ,omaha1 has be5 transplant$ to ! g5]al (fices ( ano!r ,h>riman road--! newly comb9$ ,oregon-,wa%+ton ,railroad ,navigation ,company at ,portl&1 ,ore41 & at ,seattle1 ,wa%4 ,o!r g5]al headqu>t]s ( ! ,h>riman roads are only await+ ! con/ruction ( new & mod]n (fice build+s1 be=e !y w be ask$ to fall 9 l9e ) ! plan4 ,krutts*nitt does n ord] ^! ?+s4 ,he is f> too wise a railroad] = t4 ,he directs by sugge/ion & ! family circle talks ( ,major ,h9e4 ,& yet tw5ty-?ree out ( ! ?irty-?ree divisions ( ! ,h>riman railroad gr\p h fall5 into ! new groove )9 two %ort ye>s4 ,consid] = an in/ant ! ov]:elm+ importance ( a title to "s railroad]s1 says a high (fic] ( "o ( t gr\p z he sits at 8 desk4 ,he is "o ( ! m5 to :om a title is z holl[ z a brass cyl9d]4 ,i h kn[n a man to almo/ fro? at ! m\? because "s /upid und]l+ wrote a lett] & address$ him z 'assi/ant to ! g5]al manag]' in/ead ( 'assi/ant g5]al manag]4' ,we h gone title crazy on "s ( our railroads4 ,take t ov]work$ ^w 'sup]9t5d5t4' ,we h m sup]9t5d5ts on ?is sy/em to-day ?an !re us$ to be track h&s on a good siz$ road1 & we h :at is ev5 worse1 a sup]9t5d5t ( motive p[]1 & a sup]9t5d5t ( transportation rank+ ! division sup]9t5d5t :o is ! head ( an important subord9ate unit1 & entitl$ to respect among ! rank & file ( our m5 z su*4 ,"u ! new plan1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( transportation toge!r ) ! sup]9t5d5t ( motive p[]1 z y h already se51 become assi/ant g5]al manag]s4 ,"r !re is an imp]sonality t is delightful--& effici5t2 x has prov$ mo/ effici5t 9 division organization4 ,out on our ---- division we _h sev]al wa%\ts simultane\sly la/ ye>4 ,we s5t at once an assi/ant sup]9t5d5t to ea* po9t ( int]ruption & s we _h at ea* vital place1 a man ) suffici5t bra9s & au?ority to use ! =ces on ! gr\nd to ! be/ advantage4 ,isn't t good railroad+8 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is good railroad+ all along ! l9e4 ,x is good railroad+ to h&le z big a "q z ! reorganization ( a sy/em employ+ a qu>t] ( a million m5 & wom51 )\t writ+ a :ole libr>y ( rules & regulations = its en=cem5t4 ,ask ,major ,h9e1 himself1 h[ he h&les t problem4 ,easily en\gh1 w be 8 reply to y4 ,we h a con/itution--also unwritt5 l t spl5did old bulw>k ( ,engli% lib]ties--& any sup]9t5d5t1 any g5]al manag]1 c make 8 own rules = 8 division or 8 /ret* ( railroad z long z !y w /& ! te/s ( t con/itution4 ,& ! railroad's bulw>k consi/s ( b ?ree v simple pr9ciples3 ,! fir/ ( ^! is t no man may sign ! "n or ! initial ( ano!r4 ,t is rank feudalism1 & out ( place 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury sort ( railroad+4 ,our second clause is t !re mu/ be at all times an assi/ant sup]9t5d5t 9 *>ge ( ! (fice4 ,normally1 ?is assi/ant1 9 effect *ief-(-/aff1 is ! s5ior or ,no4 #a on ! li/4 ,"h aga91 ela/icity is introduc$4 ,! unwritt5 law provides t :atev] assi/ant may be assign$ to ! (fice is ! s5ior ( ! o!rs = ! "t be+4 ,! *ief-(-/aff reviews ! incom+ & outgo+ correspond5ce & r$uces x to its l[e/ t]ms4 ,ea* assi/ant sup]9t5d5t signs 8 own communications1 b !y pass ?r\gh ! focus ( ! adm9i/rative h\r-glass on ! desk ( ! wat*ful *ief-(-/aff4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 correspond5ce mu/ be address$ imp]sonally2 f bel[1 'assi/ant sup]9t5d5t1' f above1 'sup]9t5d5t4' ,?is requirem5t is bas$ ^u ! idea t au?ority1 z 9 ! c\rts1 is ab/ract & imp]sonal1 t ! ex]cise ( au?ority is highly concrete & p]sonal4 ,! c\rt exi/s if ! judge is dead2 ! c\rt is sil5t until ! judge speaks4 ,already !re is not$ a great] will+ness to take responsibility4 ,m & m is he>d ab\t ?is division & ! company & less & less ab\t my dep>tm5t4 ,! ma!matical axiom t ! :ole is great] ?an any ( its p>ts is sometimes violat$ 9 corporate adm9i/ration1 because !re is no *ief-(-/aff to balance ! specialization ( "s dep>tm5t head4 ,?is sy/em ( play+ trumps 9 ! new sci5ce ( railroads incid5tally1 b n ess5tially1 provides = rotation 9 ! position ( s5ior assi/ant or *ief-(-/aff4 ,"s cons]vative divisions h n avail$ !mselves ( ?is feature4 ,on "o division ! sup]9t5d5t 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! new organization _h f\r ( 8 five assi/ant sup]9t5d5ts1 ea* occupy ! s5ior *air at headqu>t]s = ?ree mon?s ea*4 ,f9ally1 x came ! turn ( ! old ma/] me*anic4 ,i am sweat+ blood1 he said1 b ,i nev] knew be=e h[ mu* !re is ab\t a railroad4 ,:5 t ma/] me*anic return$ to 8 %op int]e/s1 8 vision _h be5 broad5$1 & he 0 m al]t to protect ! company's int]e/s :5 rid+ ov] ! road4 ,! sponsors = ! new sy/em d5y t ?is may lead to ! neglect ( an (ficial's own special responsibility4 ,!y po9t to ! sup]9t5d5t z a balance :eel to ma9ta9 prop] equilibrium4 ,ov] two ye>s' exp]i5ce has l$ ! high (ficials ( ! ,h>riman l9es to lay "s /ress ^u urg+ ! assi/ant sup]9t5d5ts =w>d r ?an hold+ !m back4 ,! t5d5cy has be5 to settle back 9 =m] grooves4 ,z long z no h>m is done1 ^? :o avail !mselves ( _! new opportunities are becom+ m valuable assets bo? = !mselves & = ! company4 ,:5 a division is reorganiz$1 ! p]sons conc]n$ are assembl$ to li/5 to a lecture by ,major ,h9e4 ,to _! great a/oni%m5t1 he usually leaves t[n ! same ev5+4 ,he takes ! position t ! sy/em :i* dep5ds = its success ^u ! pres5ce ( any individual is a sy/em :i* ! company has no bus9ess to adopt4 ,he says1 ,we h pu%$ y (f ! bank4 ,n[ swim a%ore4 ,!y all d4 ,on ! next visit ( 8 gr& r\nds1 ! in/ructor (t5 f9ds 8 pupils beat+ him at 8 own game4 ,dropp+ 9 "o day at ! headqu>t]s ( a l>ge division on ! coa/1 he f\nd ! s5ior assi/ant sup]9t5d5t & ! old ma/] me*anic 9 frequ5t conf]5ce4 ,! s5ior assi/ant toss$ a lett] ov] ! desk1 & ask$1 ,did ,jim "h ne$ to write ?is lett]8 ,x looks good to me1 said ! in/ructor2 :at is ! matt] ) x8 ,y told u1 said ! int]locutor1 t "o record 9 ?is (fice is en\gh4 ,i h&l$ a lett] ?is morn+ f ! me*anical assi/ant tell+ ! =eman to repair ?is outfit c>4 ,n[ ,i get ano!r lett] ?is aft]noon ab\t ! same ?+4 ,y are dead "r1 said ! major2 y fell[s w soon h me work$ out ( a job4 ,! old ma/] me*anic caught ! _s ( ! occasion & said3 ,yes1 ,jack1 y caught t "o1 b !re 7 two j l x ?is morn+ t y didn't cat*4 ,next "t ,i won't h to dictate !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re !n is effici5cy ?r\gh organization--! play+ ( trumps 9 ! develop+ sci5ce ( railroad+4 ,o!r railroads h be5 wat*+ ! reorganization plan ^u ! ,h>riman sy/em ) critical eyes1 & c f9d no?+ b success 9 its work+s4 ,x is pav+ its own way1 & %\ld]+ itself abrea/ ( a railroad g5]ation t figures n 9 l9es ( f five hundr$ to a ?\s& miles ea*1 b giant sy/ems ( gr\p$ l9es t may easily /ret* _! /eel cobwebs = fifte5 ?\s& miles--ov] :ole sov]eign ,/ates1 f ocean to ocean--prop]ties ^: managem5t calls = a degree ( skill n yet dem&$ 9 ! v greate/ ( our indu/rial or manufactur+ corporations4 ,! old ord] *ange? & give? way to ! new4 ,,index ,acwor?1 ! ,engli% economi/1 #ccj1 #cca4 ,adams1 ,alv91 #cga1 #cgb4 ,adams1 ,maude1 #bic1 #bid4 ,adams ,express ,company1 #cga-cgc4 ,adams ,company1 #cgb4 ,ade1 ,george1 #cjc4 ,adv]tis+1 railroad1 #bgf2 bill = newspap]1 #bhh2 op5 t]ritory1 #cef4 ,agricultural s*ools ma9ta9$ by ! railroads1 #cfj1 #cfa1 #cfc4 ,air-brake1 #db1 #abe1 #acd1 #bdi1 #bej4 ,albany1 bridge at1 #ad4 ,albany ,syracuse ,railroad1 #cga4 ,algomah ,c5tral1 #dag4 ,algomah1 f]ry1 #dae4 ,alleghany ,portage ,railroad1 #aa1 #ab1 #dh1 #adi4 ,all51 ,horatio1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #aai4 ,altoona %ops ( ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 #ab1 #fa1 #aed1 #cid1 #cie-cih4 ,am]ican bridge-build]s d "w ( _w1 #gd4 ,am]ican ,express ,company1 #cgb1 #cgc4 ,am]ican ,locomotive ,company1 #abf1 #abg4 ,am]ican ,notes1 ,dick5s1 quot$1 #aa4 ,an*or ,l9e1 !1 see ,erie ,we/]n ,transportation ,company4 ,ann ,arbor railway1 #daf4 ,arabian1 locomotive1 #abj4 ,arm/rong1 ,col4 ,g4 ,b41 #cgg4 ,a%tabula1 ,ohio1 bridge disa/]1 #fa4 ,at*ison1 ,topeka ,santa ,fe ,railroad1 #b1 #cb1 #abf1 #abg1 #ceh1 #chf1 #dbi4 ,atlantic ,city1 #cfg1 #cfh4 ,atlantic ,city ,railroad1 #abg4 ,atlantic ,coa/ ,l9e1 #abg4 ,atlantic type ( locomotive1 #abg4 ,baggage1 h&l+ (1 #ic2 duties ( baggagem51 #bea1 #beb2 use ( baggage-c>1 #cbb1 #cbc4 ,baldw91 ,mat?ias1 #abb1 #abc4 ,baltimore1 railroad connections (1 #aj1 #aa1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai2 tunnels 91 #di2 /ations 91 #if1 #dcf4 ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad1 #b1 #i1 #ae-bc1 #da1 #di1 #eh-fj1 #fd1 #fe1 #gg1 #if1 #abj1 #abf1 #acb1 #aci1 #add1 #cgf1 #cgg1 #cid1 #dba1 #dbg1 #dcf4 ,baltimore ,potomac ,r4 ,r41 #bj4 ,bangs1 ,col4 ,george ,s41 #cgg1 #cgh4 ,b5ds1 cause & treatm5t (1 #fh1 #gj4 ,b]g5 ,tunnel1 #cah4 ,bessem]1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #fa4 ,be/ ,fri5d ( ,*>le/on1 locomotive1 #h1 #abj4 ,big ,muddy ,riv]1 ,ill9ois ,c5tral's bridge ov]1 #gh4 ,big ,f\r1 #bg1 #dah4 ,b+hampton1 ,n4 ,y41 #ha4 ,black ,diamond ,express 7,lehigh ,valley ,railroad71 #bhf4 ,black ,riv] ,road1 #bag4 ,blair1 ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ,montgom]y1 #cgg4 ,blizz>ds1 fight+ (1 #bfh-bge4 ,bo>ds ( directors ( railroads1 #aef-aeh4 ,bollman1 --1 design] ( bridges1 #fa1 #fc4 ,bonds1 railroad1 #cf1 #cg4 ,bo/on ,elevat$ ,railway1 #dbh4 ,bo/on1 9 #ahca1 #i2 railroad connections (1 #aj2 ,josiah ,p]ham's excursions to1 #bi2 /ations 91 #hh1 #ie-ii1 #cac1 #cai1 #cbj1 #chd2 suburban traffic (1 #ih1 #ii1 #cai4 ,bo/on ,special 7,new ,york1 ,new ,hav5 ,h>t=d ,railroad71 #chd4 ,bo/on ,albany ,railroad1 #fj1 #gg1 #ih1 #ajf1 #acf1 #cgj4 ,bo/on ,l[ell ,railroad1 #i1 #aj1 #if1 #ih4 ,bo/on ,ma9e ,railroad1 #a1 #ih1 #cai1 #cbj1 #ccc1 #chd1 #dcg4 ,bo/on ,provid5ce ,railroad1 #ie1 #cgj4 ,bo/on ,worce/] l9e1 #aj1 #abd1 #cgj4 ,brakeman1 duties (1 #bdh-bej4 ,br&eis1 ,l\is1 #dea1 #deb4 ,br&yw9e ,viaduct1 #gg4 ,br5nan1 ,l\is1 #ddb1 #ddc4 ,bridge-build]s1 p]sonality & nationality (1 #gb-gd4 ,bridges-- at ,albany1 across ,hudson1 #ad4 fir/ across ,mississippi1 #bh4 build+ (1 #db1 #ef-gi4 at ,tr5ton1 across ,delaw>e1 #eg1 #gg4 at ,spr+field1 across ,connecticut ,riv]1 #eg4 ( timb]1 #eg-fj1 #fb-fd4 at ,wat]=d1 across ,hudson ,riv]1 #eg4 ,p]man5t ,bridge1 across ,s*uylkill ,riv]1 #eh4 ( /one1 #eh1 #ei1 #gf1 #gg4 ,/>ucca ,viaduct1 #eh4 ,?omas ,viaduct1 #eh1 #ei1 #gf4 ( iron1 #fj1 #fa4 ( ,rid] design1 #fj4 ,b4 ,o4 ,monongahela ,riv]1 #fj4 ,a%tabula1 #fa4 ( /eel1 #fa1 #fb1 #gf1 #gg4 at ,portage1 ov] ,g5esee ,riv]1 #fb4 =ms (1 #fb-fd4 ?r\gh span1 #fd4 deck span1 #fd4 ov] ,susquehanna ,riv]1 betwe5 ,havre-de-,grace & ,aik51 #fd1 #fe4 at ,c9c9nati1 ov] ,ohio ,riv]1 #fe4 susp5sion1 #fe4 cantilev]1 #fe1 #ff4 ov] ,k5tucky ,riv]1 #ff4 ,m9nehaha1 at ,/4 ,paul1 #ff4 ov] ,niag>a ,riv]1 #ff4 ov] ,fraz] ,riv]1 #ff4 at ,p\ghkeepsie1 #ff4 p]sonality ( build]s (1 #gb-gd4 ov] ,p5d ,oreille ,riv]1 #gc4 on l9e ( ,rio ,gr&e ,we/]n1 #gd4 replac+ (1 #ge1 #gf4 ,roebl+'s1 at ,niag>a ,falls1 #ge4 at ,/eub5ville1 ,ohio1 #ge1 #gf4 ov] ,hack5sack ,riv]1 #gf1 #bjf1 #bjg4 ( concrete1 #gf-gi4 ,br&yw9e ,viaduct1 #gg4 ,p5nsylvania1 ov] ,susquehanna ,riv]1 #gg4 ,new ,brunswick1 ov] ,r>itan ,riv]1 #gg4 ov] ,florida ,keys1 #gh4 at ,slate=d1 ,pa41 #gh4 ov] ,big ,muddy ,riv]1 #gh4 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 #gh4 ,moodna ,valley1 /eel tre/le ov]1 #adc4 at ,t[&a1 ,pa41 #add4 fir/ /eel bridge 9 ,am]ica1 #add4 across ! ,delaw>e1 #cfg4 ,brilliant cut-(f 7,p5nsylvania ,railroad71 #adh1 #adi4 ,britton1 ,h4 ,m41 #bfi4 ,broad ,/reet ,/ation1 ,philadelphia1 #hh1 #if1 #ig1 #aed1 #cbj1 #ddj4 ,brooklyn ,rapid ,transit ,company1 its c>e = employees1 #dbg1 #dbh4 ,brooks plant1 ,dunkirk1 #abg4 ,bro!rhood ( ,locomotive ,eng9e]s1 #dbc4 ,br[n1 ,george1 #af4 ,br[n1 ,w4 ,c41 #afg1 #afh1 #cfb4 ,br[n sy/em1 see ,dem]it plan4 ,bryant1 ,gridley1 #f1 #acb4 ,buffalo ,attica ,railroad1 #bg4 ,buffet sleep]s1 #cjg1 #cji4 ,burl+ton1 see ,*icago1 ,burl+ton ,qu9cy ,r4 ,r4 ,burr1 ,!odore1 #eg1 #fc4 ,burwick1 ,j4 ,m41 #dbj4 ,cab1 use (1 #abc4 ,caissons1 _! use 9 tunnel-con/ruction1 #eb4 9 bridge-build+1 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga1 #gg4 ,calv]t ,/ation1 ,baltimore1 #if4 ,camd5 ,/ation1 ,baltimore1 #if1 #dcf4 ,camd5 ,amboy ,railroad1 #aj1 #aba4 ,campbell1 ,h5ry ,r41 #abb4 ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 #b1 #cb1 #ada1 #adb1 #djf1 #dad1 #dag4 ,canals1 #d1 #e1 #i1 #ac1 #cd1 #ce4 ,c>-f]ries1 #daf1 #dag4 ,c>-inspectors1 duties (1 #djb1 #djc4 ,c>s1 /orage (1 #hi2 clean+ (1 #ij2 con/ruction (1 #acb2 plat=ms & ve/ibules (1 #acd1 #ace1 #cjh2 use ( /eel =1 #ace2 =eign c>s1 #chi4 ,c>roll1 ,*>les1 ( ,c>rollton1 #ag4 ,c>t]1 ,c4 ,f41 quot$1 #bd4 ,cascade ,tunnel1 #dcf1 #dcg1 #dda4 ,cassatt1 ,a4 ,j41 #afj1 #aff4 ,ca!dral ,m\nta91 ! spiral tunnel "u1 #adb4 ,cattle1 %ipp+ (1 on railroads1 #cbh1 #cbi4 ,c5tral ,pacific ,railroad1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #de1 #ceg4 ,c5tral ,railroad ( ,new ,j]sey1 #b1 #cac1 #dab4 ,c5tral ,v]mont1 #ccc4 ,*>le/on ,hamburg ,railroad1 #h1 #abc4 ,*5ey1 ,b5jam9 ,f41 #cgb4 ,*esapeake ,ohio ,canal1 #b1 #aj1 #af1 #ah4 ,*icago1 ,burl+ton ,qu9cy ,railroad1 #b1 #abg4 ,*icago ,city ,railway ,company1 #agg4 ,*icago ,fa/ ,mail1 #ahi4 ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul ,railroad1 #c1 #cb1 #cjj1 #cac1 #cef1 #ceh4 ,*icago-,montreal fly]1 #dad4 ,*icago1 railroad connections (1 #bg2 ,nor?we/]n /ation at1 #hh1 #aja1 #ajf1 #cba2 ,la ,salle ,/ation at1 #aja4 ,*icago1 ,rock ,isl& ,pacific ,railroad1 #c1 #bh1 #cfd1 #chf4 ,*icago ,alton ,railroad1 #add1 #cjj-cjd4 ,*icago ,nor?we/]n ,railway1 #c1 #bg1 #bh1 #cac1 #cef1 #chf4 ,*icago ,/4 ,l\is ,express 7,we/ ,%ore ,railroad71 #bfe-bfg4 ,*ief cl]k1 duties (1 #bbj4 ,civil ,w>1 railroad build+ dur+ p]iod (1 #ai1 #bj2 might h be5 av]t$ by railroad developm5t1 #ce4 ,claim-ag5ts1 #agd-agi4 ,clevel& /ations 91 #if1 #dah1 #dai4 ,clevel& ,pittsburgh ,railroad1 #dah4 ,coal1 h&l+ (1 #ac2 z a freight bus9ess1 #ajh1 #aji1 #abf1 #cci1 #cdb2 sub/itut$ = wood z a fuel1 #abd2 m9+ (1 #cdj4 ,coll9wood1 ,ohio1 ! ,lake ,%ore's plant at1 #cid4 ,columbia ,philadelphia ,railroad1 #ab1 #abb1 #dja4 ,commut]1 !1 #caa2 8 use ( rapid transit1 #cac-cbd1 #cbg1 #chd4 ,competition among railroads1 #cee4 ,compla9ts ( public 9 reg>d to railroad s]vice1 #bij1 #bia4 ,conductor1 duties (1 #bej1 #bea4 ,consolidation1 locomotive1 #abd1 #abe4 ,con/ruction "w ( railroads1 #ded4 ,coop]1 ,pet]1 #ag-ai1 #abj4 ,cop]ation ( railroads1 #cbh4 ,cornell ,univ]sity1 agricultural s*ool at1 #cfj4 ,corridor tra9s1 #acd4 ,c[an1 ,john ,f41 #bb4 ,cr$e1 ! ,engli% railroad t[n1 #cic4 ,crdit mobili]1 #ca4 ,cresc5t ,city1 !1 #bii4 ,crock] bro!rs1 #cj4 ,cross+s1 railroad1 #db4 ,cumb]l&1 on ! ,national ,highway1 #af1 #ai1 #cid4 ,cumb]l& ,valley ,railroad1 #bii4 ,daly1 ,c4 ,f41 #bhd4 ,daniels1 ,george ,h41 #bgg4 ,davis1 ,ph9eas1 #abj-abb4 ,davis1 ,w4 ,a41 #cgg4 ,davis ,g>tn] ,co41 #abj4 ,decapod1 locomotive1 #abf4 ,dee1 ,riv]1 bridge1 #fj4 ,delaw>e1 ,lackawanna ,we/]n ,railroad1 #b1 #dd1 #gh1 #hh1 #ajb1 #ade1 #cac1 #cae1 #cag1 #che1 #dab4 ,delaw>e ,hudson ,railroad1 #a1 #e1 #aai1 #abf4 ,delmonico1 !1 #cjd1 #cje4 ,dem]it plan1 #baa1 #bab4 ,depew 7,new ,york71 %ops ( ! 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locomotive1 #abh-acb4 build+ ( c>s1 #acb-acg4 recon/ruction (1 #ach4 grades1 #aci-aea4 (ficials1 #aeb-afi1 #ahg-bai1 #bgf-bhg4 legal dep>tm5t1 #agj-agi4 f9ancial dep>tm5t1 #agi-ahf4 tickets1 #aha-ahc1 #bhh-bij4 op]at+1 #bbj-bdb4 "t table1 #bba-bbc4 signals1 #bbe-bbg1 #bcf-bch4 use ( telephone1 #bce4 employees1 #bdc-bee1 #dah-dca4 wreck+ tra9s1 #bef4 rates1 #bhb-bhg4 special tra9s & private c>s1 #bib-caj4 commut]s' tra9s1 #caa-cbd4 freight traffic1 #cbe-cee4 freight rates1 #cbg-ccg4 sci5tific f>m+1 #cei-cff4 express s]vice1 #cfi-cgd4 mail s]vice1 #cgd-chg4 m>9e1 #djd-dah4 f]ries1 #djg-dah4 electricity1 #dcb-dde4 mono-rail1 #dda-dde4 organization1 #ddi-dfd4 ,rails laid on /one sleep]s1 #aa4 ,read+ ,railroad1 #abc1 #cac1 #cbj4 ,rebat+1 prohibition (1 #cbh1 #cbi4 ,recon/ruction ( railroads1 #ach-aea4 ,r$ ,l9e1 ,all-,briti%1 #ada4 ,r$ ,spot1 ,ord] ( !1 #dcj1 #dca4 ,repair %ops1 locomotive & c>1 #djj4 ,resid5ces1 9 railroad con/ruction1 #dc4 ,ri*>dson1 ! ar*itect1 #ajf4 ,rid]1 ,na?aniel1 #fj4 ,rio ,gr&e ,we/]n ,railroad1 #gd4 ,roadma/]1 duties (1 #bci1 #bdj4 ,roads z comp>$ ) canals1 #e4 ,ro*e/]1 railroad connections (1 #ac1 #ad2 depot1 #if4 ,rock ,isl&1 see ,*icago1 ,rock ,isl& ,pacific ,r4 ,r4 ,rockaway section1 ,long ,isl&1 home ( ,lillian ,russell1 #bid4 ,rockefell]1 ,mr41 #bif4 ,roebl+'s susp5sion at ,niag>a ,falls1 #ge4 ,rog]s1 ,grosv5or1 & ,ket*um1 locomotive build]s1 ( ,pat]son1 ,n4 ,j41 #bf2 locomotive works1 #aba1 #abb1 #abd4 ,ronkonkoma1 ,long ,isl&1 home ( ,maude ,adams1 #bic1 #bid4 ,roosevelt1 ,gov]nor1 #bag1 #bah4 ,rot>y pl\gh1 #bga4 ,r\ndh\ses1 #hh-ij1 #bgj1 #chh-djb4 ,rural free deliv]y1 developm5t (1 #cgf4 ,russell1 ,lillian1 #bid4 ,rutl& ,railroad1 #dag4 ,sacram5to ,valley ,railroad1 #cj4 ,sails on c>s1 exp]im5ts )1 #ag4 ,/4 ,albans1 ,vt41 #ccc1 #cce4 ,/4 ,john's ,*ur*1 ,new ,york1 #ced4 ,/4 ,john's ,p>k1 ,new ,york1 #cec1 #ced4 ,/4 ,l\is1 railroad connections (1 #ai1 #bi2 ,union ,/ation at1 #hh1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajf4 ,/4 ,paul1 see ,*icago1 ,milwaukee ,/4 ,paul ,r4 ,r4 ,sal>ies1 paid to railroad presid5ts1 #afh1 #afi2 to ! 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,union ,pacific1 #bih4 ,suburban s]vice1 #hj1 #ha1 #ij1 #ih1 #ii1 #adg1 #adh1 #cae-cai1 #ddj4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( bridges1 #bci1 #bdj4 ,sup]9t5d5ts1 #aec-aee1 #ahg1 #bbj1 #bba-bdb4 ,susquehanna ,railroad1 see ,nor!rn ,c5tral ,railroad4 ,susquehanna ,riv]1 ,p5nsylvania ,r4 ,r4 bridge ov]1 #gg4 ,susquehanna ,riv] bridge1 betwe5 ,havre-de-,grace & ,aik51 #fd1 #fe4 ,susquehanna %op1 #cic1 #cid4 ,sw9don1 ! ,engli% railroad t[n1 #cic4 ,swit*back pr9ciple1 #da4 ,swit*es & swit*m51 #hd-hf1 #aaa-aah1 #beb1 #bec1 #cbj4 ,tacony1 ,philadelphia tra9s /opp$ at1 #aj4 ,taylor1 ,presid5t ,za*>y1 #abc4 ,telegraph1 ,erie fir/ railroad to use1 #bd2 developm5t (1 9 #ahea1 #bd2 introduction (1 #be1 #bbd2 sub/itution ( telephone =1 #bce1 #bcf2 crippl+ ( s]vice (1 #bfg1 #bfh4 ,telephone1 use (1 #bce1 #bcf4 ,t]m9al1 keep] ( !1 #hb2 map ( tracks & /ation (1 #hc1 #hd2 gu>d$ by int]lock+ swit*es1 #hd1 #he4 ,t]m9als1 see ,railroad /ations2 also ,freight t]m9als4 ,?omas1 ,philip ,e41 #af1 #ai4 ,?omas ,viaduct1 #eh1 #ei1 #gf4 ,?ompson1 ,a4 ,w41 #fe4 ,?omson1 ,j4 ,edg>1 #f4 ,?omson1 ,john1 #f4 ,?roat ( /ation y>d1 #hg1 #hh4 ,tickets & mileage-books1 #ahb1 #bgf-bgh1 #bhf2 bill = pr9t+1 #bhh2 rate-%eet =1 #bhi2 r$emption (1 #bhi1 #bij4 ,"t ,tables1 #bba4 ,tioga ,railroad1 #acc4 ,tom ,?umb1 locomotive1 #ah1 #abj4 ,t[&a1 ,pa41 bridge at1 #add4 ,t[]m51 #hb1 #hc1 #he1 #bgd4 ,t[ns5d1 ,osc>1 #dah4 ,track-lay+1 _w's record (1 #de2 pr(ession (1 #de1 #df2 ma*9e =1 #df4 ,track1 on :i* ,/\rbridge ,lion locomotive ran1 #g4 ,track-walk]1 responsibility (1 #bec4 ,traffic1 mak+ ( freight & pass5g]1 #cee-cfh4 ,trail]1 !1 #abh1 #abi4 ,tra9-despat*]1 #bba1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbh-bca1 #bcc-bce1 #bfa4 ,tra9man1 see ,brakeman1 duties (4 ,tra9-ma/]1 duties (1 #bba4 ,transcont95tal railroads1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,transf]-h\se1 #aaa-aaf4 ,travell+ pass5g] ag5ts1 duties (1 #bgh4 ,tr5ton1 bridge at1 #eg1 #gg4 ,trolley arrangem5t 9 freight-h\ses1 #dej4 ,trumbull1 --1 bridge-build]1 #fj4 ,tug1 use (1 #djg1 #dji1 #dab4 ,tunnels1 #da1 #dh-ee1 #ajb1 #ajd1 #abb1 #ada1 #adb1 #ade1 #afj1 #afa1 #cag-cai1 #dab-dad1 #dcf1 #dcg1 #dci1 #dda4 ,turn]1 ,john ,b41 #bh4 ,turn-tables1 #hi4 ,und]wood1 ,f4 ,d41 #bc1 #adb1 #adc1 #afd4 ,union l9e1 #ac4 ,union ,pacific ,railroad1 #b1 #bh1 #ca1 #cb1 #dd1 #acg1 #aci-ada1 #bih1 #ceg1 #dei4 ,union ,/ation1 ,clevel&1 #if1 #dah1 #dai4 ,union ,/ation1 ,pittsburgh1 #adh4 ,union ,/ation1 ,/4 ,l\is1 #hh1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajj1 #ajf4 ,union ,/ation1 ,wa%+ton1 #hh1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajf4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,express ,company1 #cgb1 #cgc4 ,utica1 railroad connections (1 #ac1 #ad4 ,v&]bilt1 ,commodore1 #ad1 #bb1 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,v&]bilt1 ,cornelius1 #dai4 ,v&]bilt1 ,william ,h41 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,v&]bilt family1 !1 #ced1 #dai1 #dcd4 ,v]mont ,c5tral ,railroad1 #abc4 ,vice-presid5ts ( railroads1 #aef4 ,volunt>y ,relief ,dep>tm5t1 #dbc-dbe4 ,von ,moltke1 8 recon/ruction ( ! ,g]man army1 #deb4 ,waba% ,railroad1 #bf1 #ea1 #dad4 ,wagn] ,palace ,c> ,company1 #cjj4 ,walcott1 --1 build] ( ,spr+field1 ,mass41 bridge1 #eg4 ,wal%e>t ge>s1 #abh4 ,wa%+ton1 ,george1 #cge4 ,wa%+ton c>s1 #acb1 #acc4 ,wa%+ton1 ,connecticut ,av5ue ,bridge at1 #gh2 ,union ,/ation at1 #hh1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajf4 ,wat] = use ( railroad1 #da4 ,wat] transportation1 see ,inl& ,wat] ,ways4 ,wat]=d bridge1 ov] ,hudson ,riv]1 #eg4 ,wat]t[n1 blizz>d at1 #bfh4 ,wav]ley1 ! int]*ange y>d1 #aaj4 ,web/]1 ,daniel1 & 8 trip on ! ,erie1 #bc1 #be4 ,weehawk5 bridge1 #daa4 ,wells1 ,h5ry1 #cga1 #cgb4 ,wells1 ,f>go ,co41 #cgb1 #cgc4 ,we/ ,p5n ,road1 #adi4 ,we/ ,po9t1 locomotive1 #i4 ,we/ ,%ore ,railroad1 #ge1 #aea1 #bfe1 #dab1 #dcd1 #dce4 ,we/]n ,pacific ,railroad1 #bi1 #cb4 ,we/]n ,railroad1 #aj4 ,we/+h\se1 ,george1 #abe4 ,:eel+1 railroad connections (1 #ah1 #ai4 ,:ipple1 ,squire1 #fa1 #fc4 ,:i/le on locomotive1 fir/ use (1 #bf1 #abd4 ,:itney1 ,asa1 #bi1 #cj4 ,:itney1 ,silas1 #f4 ,:yte's classification1 #abg1 #abh4 ,wiley1 ,dr41 #cig4 ,will>d1 ,daniel1 #bb4 ,w9ans1 ,ross1 #ai1 #abb1 #abd1 #acb1 #acc4 ,w9nipeg %ops1 #cic4 ,wom51 conv5i5ces = travell+1 #cji4 ,woodruff ,company1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,worce/]1 /ation at1 #ajf4 ,_w's ,fair ( #aijd1 ,/4 ,l\is1 #ii4 ,wrecks1 railroad1 #ahi1 #aid-aif2 wreck+-tra9s =1 #beg-bfe4 ,yale1 !1 #dje1 #djf4 ,y>dma/]1 duties (1 #ahi1 #aij1 #aic1 #bbg-bbi4 ,york1 see ,arabian1 locomotive4 ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 #dah1 #dai4