,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,hell  ,by 
,j4 ,m4 ,:eel]  #ahij4    ,,! ,,*ri/ian 
,,doctr9e ,,( ,,hell  ,i ,,w\ld n       
will+ly quit ?is _w )\t hav+ said my say
 ^u ! mo/ t]rible ( all its sup]/itions1
 ! doctr9e ( et]nal torm5ts--:i*        
,ar*deacon ,f>r> describes z ! hide\s   
incubus ( atroci\s conceptions--& :i*1 9
 my own exp]i5ce1 is ! cause ( appall+  
appreh5sions & ev5 insanity 9 ! m9ds ( !
 s5sitive & weak-m9d$4  ,if !re is a    
hell1 t is ! mo/ important fact 9 !     
univ]se4 ,comp>$ ) an et]nity ( torm5t1 
all t ?is little life has to (f] is b z 
no?+4 ,if !re is no hell1 !n1 x seems to
 me1 ! fai? 9 ,jesus is va91 = no su*   
salvation z t (f]$ by or?odox           
,*ri/ianity is necess>y4 ,n only is !   
doctr9e ( et]nal torm5ts cle>ly taught 9
 ,scripture1 b x is1 z ,i %all %[1      
hi/orically b\nd up ) ! cre$ (          
,*ri/5dom4  ,x may be said1 :y attack a 
sup]/ition confess$ly fall+ into decay8 
,satan1 t once excell5t scapegoat = all 
misde$s1 is sup]annuat$4 ,hell is nev]  

m5tion$ to e>s polite4 ,s9ce ,free?\ght 
came into ! _w its temp]ature has       
consid]ably decreas$4 ,! brim/one       
bus9ess ?reat5s to become obsolete4 ,x  
is none ! less ! corn]-/one ( ! :ole    
sy/em1 & :5 x f9ally collapses x w br+  
d[n o!r doctr9es ) x4 ,! ,salvationi/1  
no less ?an ! ,jesuit1 kn[s its p[]4 ,z 
! old beadle said1 ,a kirk )\t a hell   
is'na wor? a damn4  ,^u ! heal?y-m9d$ ! 
doctr9e ( et]nal torm5ts w soon h no m  
effect ?an wat] ^u a duck's back4 ,b    
m5tal heal? & /r5g? are n ! inh]itance (
 all4 ,if ! dogma 0 n taught until m9ds 
7 mature en\gh to exam9e x1 x might     
safely be left2 b :ile x is cont9ually  
taught to infancy1 to seek to eradicate 
x is ! duty ( ^? :o reg>d x z a p]nici\s
 error4 ,to me x appe>s t ! be/ way to d
 ?is is to %[ :at ! doctr9e has actually
 be5 9 ! days :5 ,*ri/ianity 0          
unque/ion$4 ,*ri/ians are becom+ a%am$ (
 _! hell--:i* !y r>ely realise z        
possibly ! fate ( !mselves or _! fri5ds2
 t way madness lies4 ,!y _c get rid ( ! 

def9ite /atem5ts 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b !y
 avoid dwell+ on !m1 or attempt to      
con/rue !m figuratively4 ,hell 0 hot    
en\gh :5 religion 0 p[]ful4 ,z x decl9es
 x is discov]$ t hell is n s t]rible    
aft] all4  ,mod]n exegesis1 /riv+ to    
expla9 hell away1 only /eps 9 :5        
consci5ce & free?\ght h decl>$ aga9/ x4 
,x is taught 9 ! pla9e/ t]ms4 ,take b ! 
passage1 ,matt4 xxv4 #df1 ,^! %all g    
away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t1 b ! righte\s
 into life et]nal4 ,x is said ev]la/+   
does n mean la/+ = ev]1 & 9 "s cases ?is
 might be grant$1 b surely x is a       
diff]5t matt] :5 et]nal puni%m5t is1 )\t
 any limitation1 directly comp>$ )      
et]nal life1 & ! same ^w is appli$ to   
bo?4 ,aga91 exactly ! same expression   
:i* is us$ to signify ! et]nity ( ,god1 
t ( 8 be+ = ev] & ev]1 z 9 ,rev4 iv4 #i1
 v4 #ad1 x4 #f1 & xv4 #g1 is us$ ( !    
torm5ts ( ^? 9 hell 9 ,rev4 xiv4 #aa4   
,9 ! explanation ( ! p>able ( ! t>es1   
,jesus tells 8 prosaic disciples3 ,!    
enemy t s[$ !m is ! devil2 ! h>ve/ is ! 

end ( ! _w2 & ! reap]s are ! angels4 ,z 
!re=e ! t>es are ga!r$ & burn$ 9 ! fire2
 s %all x be 9 ! end ( ?is _w 7,matt4   
xiii4 #ci-dj74 ,!re we see ! simile is  
us$ to illu/rate hell2 n hell us$ z a   
simile to illu/rate some?+ else4 ,! e>ly
 ,*ri/ians und\bt$ly believ$ 9 a lit]al 
,devil1 angels1 & end ( ! _w1 & ) equal 
c]ta9ty 9 a lit]al hell & mat]ial fire4 
,yet we are n[ ask$ to believe t :5     
,jesus spoke ( hell1 :]e ! worm die? n &
 ! fire is n qu5*$ 7,m>k ix4 #df71 s9ce 
!re is no fire x _c require qu5*+4      
,jesus relates1 9 ! mo/ matt]-(-fact way
 7,luke xvi471 t a c]ta9 ri* man di$1 & 
9 hell1 be+ 9 torm5ts1 he lift$ up 8    
eyes & beheld ,laz>us 9 ,abraham's      
bosom4 ,he cri$ = a drop ( wat] to cool 
8 tongue1 = ,i am torm5t$ 9 ?is flame4  
,! man _h committ$ no o!r record$ (f5ce 
?an f>+ sumptu\sly1 yet he 0 met ) ! /]n
 response1 betwe5 u & y !re is a great  
gulf fix$4 ,he !n asks t 8 bre?r5 may be
 w>n$ ( 8 fate1 & ?is1 too1 is d5i$4 ,! 
voice ( humanity cri$ f hell1 & heav5   

answ]$ ) inhumanity4 ,if ?is picture (  
heav5 & hell is true1 ,god & 8 sa9ts are
 mon/]s ( infamy4 ,if false1 :at o!r    
reveal$ doctr9e c be cr$it$1 s9ce ?is is
 s devis$ = ! b5efit ( ^? :o trade 9    
t]rorism8 ,if hell is a metaphor1 ( :i* 
!re is no indication 9 ! n>rative1 s    
also is heav54 ,give up mat]ial fire &  
brim/one1 y mu/ resign ! bodily         
resurrection1 ! visible com+ ( ,*ri/1 & 
! ,new ,j]usalem4 ,allegorise hell1 y   
make heav5 unreal4 ,a figurative ,devil 
sugge/s a figm5t ,god4  ,! ,revelation (
 ,/4 ,john expressly speaks ( !         
wor%ipp]s ( ! bea/1 or enemies ( ,god1  
be+ torm5t$ ) fire & brim/one 9 !       
pres5ce ( ! holy angels1 & 9 ! pres5ce (
 ! ,lamb4 ,& ! smoke ( _! torm5t asc5de?
 up = ev] & ev] 7xiv4 #aj-aa74 ,nice    
enjoym5t1 ?is1 = ! elect4 ,fancy p>5ts  
reg>d+ ! et]nal angui% ( _! *ildr56     
,conv]t$ wives look+ on :ile _!         
unbeliev+ husb&s are torm5t$ & h no re/ 
day nor night 9 ! lake t burne? ) fire &
 brim/one6 ,picture x1 ?9k ( x1         

,*ri/ian1 & !n (f] praises to y\r ,god =
 hav+ provid$ ?is place ( et]nal torture
 = "s o!r ?an y\rself4  ,:o g to hell8  
,accord+ to ! ,bible & ! cre$s ! imm5se 
majority ( mank9d4 ,/rait is ! gate1 &  
n>r[ is ! way1 :i* leade? unto life1 &  
few !re be t f9d x 7,matt4 vii4 #ad74   
,_m are call$ b few *os52 & !re is no   
o!r "n "u heav51 save t ( ,jesus1 :]eby 
m5 c be sav$4 ,! proportion ( ^? :o liv$
 be=e ,*ri/ mu/ be1 ev5 accord+ to      
,bible *ronology1 imm5sely l>g] ?an all 
:o h liv$ s9ce1 & ( ^! n[1 aft] eighte5 
c5turies ( ! div9e religion1 n m ?an a  
?ird ( ! _w's inhabitants are ev5 nom9al
 ,*ri/ians4 ,:5 we consid] h[ few       
,*ri/ians are really believ]s1 & h[     
sc>cely any ( !m attempt to c>ry out !  
precepts ( _! ,ma/]1 x mu/ be all[$ t ! 
population ( hell is out ( all          
proportion to t ( heav54  ,! doctr9e ( !
 *ur* has be5 ,he t believe? & is       
baptis$ %all be sav$1 & he t believe? n 
%all be damn$4 ,! idea ( ?is text has   
probably done m h>m to humanity ?an x   

has b5efit$ f ! re/ ( ! gospel1 = x has 
c\nt5anc$ all ! ill-w & p]secution t has
 ev]y:]e foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 
,i "k x w be said t ?is passage1 inde$ !
 :ole ( ! sixte5? ( ,m>k f ! n9? v]se to
 ! end1 is want+ 9 "s ( ! anci5t        
manuscripts2 b :ile ! ,au?oris$ v]sion  
is circulat$ z ! ^w ( ,god1 x is prop]ly
 cit$4 ,& inde$ if ?is doctr9e is       
disc>d$ !re is mu* else t mu/ g ) x4    
,free?\ght hav+ discr$it$ ! doctr9e (   
et]nal torm5ts z absurd & di%onor+ to   
,god1 /ress is n[ laid ^u passages      
indicat+ a m hopeful doctr9e4 ,to "o :o 
looks at ! g5]al t5or ( ,scripture1 ^!  
are ( no weight 9 opposition to ! cle> &
 emphatic decl>ations ,i h cit$4 ,!re is
 no express /atem5t t puni%m5t h]eaft] w
 be t]m9able4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! evid5t   
tea*+ is t z ! tree falls s x mu/ lie4  
,no hope is ext5d$ to ! ri* man 9 hell4 
,t ! curr5t belief 9 ! "t ( ,jesus 0 9 !
 et]nity ( puni%m5ts1 we h ! te/imony ( 
,josephus1 :o decl>es ?is bo? ( !       
,ph>isees & ! ,ess5es499 ,we h also !   

te/imony ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,clem5t1 ! apo/olic
 fa!r1 said to be ! fell[ labor] (      
,paul1 m5tion$ 9 ,philip iv4 #c1 says 9 
8 ,second ,epi/le1 *ap4 viii41 ,once ca/
 into ! furnace ( fire !re is no long]  
any help = x4 ,= aft] we h gone out ( ! 
_w no fur!r p[] ( confess+ or rep5t+ w  
belong to u4 ,polyc>p1 :5 ?reat5$ )     
m>tyrdom1 is said to h made answ] 7,ep4 
to ,philippians1 xi471 ,?\ ?reat5e/ me )
 fire :i* burne? = an h\r1 & aft] a     
little is ext+ui%$1 b art ignorant ( !  
fire ( ! com+ judgm5t & ( et]nal        
puni%m5t res]v$ = ! ungodly4 ,ignatius  
too speaks ( ! unqu5*able fire 7,ep4 to 
,ephesians1 #af74       99,antiq4 xviii4
 #a-c2 ,w>s ii1 #h1 #aa-ad4  ,all ! e>ly
 ,fa!rs consid]$ ! fire ( hell z a real 
mat]ial fire4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 :o wrote    
be=e ! collection ( ! ,gospels1 said 9 8
 fir/ ,apology1 *ap4 xxi41 ,we believe t
 ^? :o live wick$ly & d n rep5t are     
puni%$ 9 ev]la/+ fire4 ,9 num]\s o!r    
passages he ref]s to puni%m5t 9 et]nal  
fire2 & says 7,fir/ ,apol41 *ap4 hi71 !n

 %all !y rep5t1 :5 x pr(its !m n4       
,a!nagoras1 too 7*ap4 xxxvi471 decl>es t
 ! body :i* has m9i/]$ to ! irrational  
impulses ( ! s\l1 & to its desires1 w be
 puni%$ along ) x4  ,/4 ,ir5u1 ! fir/ ( 
! ,fa!rs :o def9itely alludes to ! f\r  
,gospels1 says1 9 8 "w aga9/ h]esies    
7bk4 ii41 *ap4 #bh1  #g71 ,t et]nal fire
 is prep>$ = s9n]s1 bo? ! ,"l has pla9ly
 decl>$1 & ! re/ ( ! ,scriptures        
demon/rate4 ,& t ,god =eknew t ?is w\ld 
happ51 ! ,scriptures d 9 l mann]        
demon/rate1 s9ce ,he prep>$ et]nal fire 
f ! beg9n+ = ^? :o 7 aft]w>ds to        
transgress ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,:at a bless$  
?+ is ,*ri/ianity to reveal su* a nice  
lov+ ,fa!r z ?is6  ,s ,bi%op            
,hippolytus1 9 8 ,refutation ( all      
,h]esies1 bk4 x4 *ap4 #cj1 speaks ( !   
boil+ flood ( hell's et]nal lake ( fire1
 & ! eye ev] fix$ 9 m5ac+ gl>e ( wick$  
angels *a9$ 9 ,t>t>us z puni%m5t = _!   
s9s4  ,t]tullian1 9 8 treatise on !     
,resurrection ( ! ,fle%1 *ap4 xxxv41    
decl>es ,! fire ( hell is               

et]nal--expressly ann\nc$ z an ev]la/+  
p5alty1 & he asks1 :5ce %all come !     
weep+ & gna%+ ( tee? if n f eyes & tee?8
 ,9 8 treatise1 ,de ,anima1 *ap4 vii41  
he ?us alludes to ! /ory ( ,dives4 ,d y 
suppose t ?is end ( ! bless$ poor man & 
! mis]able ri* man is only imag9>y8 ,!n 
:y ! "n ( ,laz>us 9 ?is n>rative1 if !  
circum/ance is n 9 ! category ( a real  
occurr5ce8 ,?is ,*ri/ian ,fa!r          
absolutely gloats ov] ! prospect (      
witness+ ^! torm5ts3--,:i* sight gives  
me ,joy8 :i* r\ses me to exultation8--z 
,i see s _m illu/ri\s mon>*s1 ^:        
reception into ! heav5s 0 publicly      
ann\nc$1 groan+ n[ 9 ! l[e/ d>kness )   
great ,jove himself1 & ^?1 too1 :o bore 
witness ( _! exaltation2 gov]nors (     
prov9ces1 too1 :o p]secut$ ! ,*ri/ian   
"n1 9 fires m fi]ce ?an ^? :i* 9 ! days 
( _! pride !y rag$ aga9/ ! foll[]s (    
,*ri/6 ,he exult+ly cont9ues3 ,i %all h 
a bett] opportunity !n ( he>+ !         
trag$ians1 l\d]-voic$ 9 _! own calamity2
 ( view+ ! play-actors mu* m 'dissolute'

 9 ! dissolv+ flame2 ( look+ ^u !       
*>iote]1 all gl[+ 9 8 *>iot ( fire2 (   
witness+ ! wre/l]s1 n 9 _! gymnasia1 b  
toss+ 9 ! fi]y bill[s499 ,an e*o ( ?is  
fam\s passage may be trac$ 9 ,c>d9al    
,newman's s]mon ,on ,neglect ( ,div9e   
,calls & ,w>n+s4  ,/4 ,cyprian1 9 8     
address to ,demetrianus1 says3 ,we are  
r5d]$ pati5t by our security ( a        
v9dication to come4 ,! innoc5t give     
place to ! guilty2 ! guileless acquiesce
 9 _! puni%m5ts & tortures1 c]ta9 &     
assur$ t any?+ we suff] w n rema9       
unav5g$4444 ,:at joy = ! believ]s1 :at  
sorr[ = ! fai?less2 to h refus$ to      
believe "h1 & n[ be unable to return 9  
ord] t !y may believe6 ,hell ev] burn+ w
 consume ! accurs$1 & a dev\r+ puni%m5t 
( lively flames2 nor w !re be t f :5ce  
_! torm5ts c ev] receive ei!r repose or 
end4 ,s\ls ) _! bodies w be sav$ unto   
suff]+ 9 tortures inf9ite4 ,!re t man w 
be se5 by u = ev]1 :o made u 8 spectacle
 "h = a season2 :at brief enjoym5t ^?   
cruel eyes receiv$ f ! p]secutions      

wr\ght ^u u w be balanc$ aga9/ a        
spectacle et]nal4 ,& ! savage sa9t backs
 up 8 pleasant prospect ) ,holy         
,scripture4       99 ,de ,spectaculis1  
c4 #cj4 ,i h quot$ ! r5d]+ 9 !          
or?odox ,ante-,nic5e ,*ri/ian ,libr>y1  
vol4 xi41 pp4 #cd-ce4      ,gibbon's    
v]sion is m =cible4  ,lactantius1 9 8   
,div9e ,in/itutes1 bk4 vi41 *ap4 #c1    
contra/s ! immortality promis$ to !     
righte\s ) ev]la/+ puni%m5t ?reat5$ to !
 unrighte\s4 ,9 bk4 vii4 *ap4 #ba1 he   
says1 because !y h committ$ s9s 9 _!    
bodies1 !y w aga9 be clo!d ) fle% t !y  
may make atonem5t 9 _! bodies2 & yet x w
 n be t fle% ) :i* ,god clo!d man1 l ?is
 our e>?ly body1 b inde/ructible & abid+
 = ev]1 t x may be able to hold out     
aga9/ tortures & ev]la/+ fire4  ,/4     
,*ryso/om repres5ts ! torm5ts ( ! damn$ 
9 a v>iety ( horrid pictures4 ,he says3 
,b if y are speak+ aga9/ luxury1 &      
introduce disc\rse by ! way conc]n+     
hell1 ! ?+ w *e] y & beget mu* pleasure4
 ,let u n !n avoid disc\rses conc]n+    

hell1 t we may avoid hell4 ,let u n     
bani% ! remembrance ( puni%m5t1 t we may
 escape puni%m5t4 ,if ! ri* man _h      
reflect$ ^u t fire1 he w\ld n h s9n$2 b 
because he nev] 0 m9dful ( x1 !re=e he  
fell into x499       99 ,homily on #b   
,!ss4 i41 #a-b4  ,9 ,homily on #b ,!ss4 
i41 #i-aj1 ,x is n only n mild]1 b mu* m
 t]rible ?an is ?reat5$4 ,he> !         
gold5-m\!d ,fa!r 7,homily on ,heb4 i41  
#a-b73 ,let u !n consid] h[ great a     
mis]y x mu/ be to be = ev] burn+1 & to  
be 9 d>kness1 & to utt] unnumb]$        
groan+s1 & to gna% ! tee? & n ev5 to be 
he>d4444 ,?9k :at x is :5 we are burn+ )
 all ! murd]]s ( ! :ole _w nei!r see+1  
nor be+ se54444 ,:]e=e ,i entreat y1    
cont9ues ! sa9t1 to be ev] revolv+ ^!   
?+s ) y\rselves1 & to submit to ! pa9 ( 
! words1 t we may n h ! ?+s to und]go z 
our puni%m5t4 ,aga9 he says 7,hom4 ,heb4
 xi4 #cg-ch71 ,:y1 :at are t5 ?\s& ye>s 
to ages b\ndless & )\t end8 ,n s mu* z  
"o drop to ! b\ndless ocean4444 ,7 x n  
well to be cut by sc\rg+ times out (    

numb]1 to be sla91 to be burn$1 to      
und]go t5 ?\s& dea?s1 to endure ev]y?+  
:atsoev] t is dreadful bo? 9 ^w & de$899
  ,orig51 = consid]+ t ! puni%m5t ( !   
wick$ consi/$ 9 sep>ation f ,god1 0     
condemn$ z h]etical by ! ,c\ncil (      
,c>?age1 ,a4,d4 #cih1 & aft]w>ds by o!r 
,c\ncils4  ,/4 ,augu/9e 7,city ( ,god1  
bk1 xxi4 *ap4 #ag7 c5sures ,orig5 = 8   
m]ciful view1 & says ! ,*ur*1 n )\t     
reason1 condemn$ him = ?is & o!r errors4
 ,9 ! same book 7*ap4 #bc7 ?is great    
fa!r decl>es t ev]la/+ is us$ by ,jesus 
7,matt4 xxv4 #da7 z mean+ = ev] & no?+  
else ?an endless duration4 ,he argues1 )
 +5i\s v>ieties ( reason+1 to %[ h[ !   
mat]ial bodies ( ! damn$ may )/&        
annihilation 9 ev]la/+ fire4 ,he held t 
hell 0 9 ! c5tre ( ! e>?1 & t ,god      
suppli$ ! c5tral fire ) e>? by a        
miracle4 ,j]ome & ! o!r or?odox ,fa!rs  
no less held to a mat]ial hell4  ,9 !   
middle ages ,*ri/ian lit]ature 0 ma9ly  
compos$ ( ! leg5d>y visions ( sa9ts1 9  
:i* views across ! gulf _h a l>ge %>e4  

,! ,devil 0 repres5t$ b\nd by r$-hot    
*a9s1 on a burn+ gridiron 9 ! c5tre (   
hell4 ,! screams ( 8 nev]-end+ agony    
made its raft]s to res\nd2 b 8 h&s 7    
free1 & ) ^! he seiz$ ! lo/ s\ls1 cru%$ 
!m l grapes aga9/ 8 tee?1 & !n drew !m  
by 8 brea? d[n ! fi]y cav]n ( 8 ?roat4  
,demons ) hooks ( r$-hot iron plung$    
s\ls alt]nately into fire & sea4 ,"s ( !
 lo/ 7 hung up by _! tongues1 o!rs 7    
sawn asund]1 o!rs gnaw$ by s]p5ts1 o!rs 
beat5 toge!r on an anvil & weld$ into a 
s+le mass1 o!rs boil$ & !n /ra9$ ?r\gh a
 clo?1 o!rs tw9$ 9 ! embrace ( demons ^:
 limbs 7 ( flame49999       99 ,libr>y (
 ! ,fa!rs1 pp4 #ae-af4       99 ,lecky1 
,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals1 vol4 ii41  
p4 #bbb4  ,is x /range t ! ages :5      
,*ri/ian b>b>ism ov]came ,pagan         
civilisation 7 kn[n z ! ,d>k ,ages8     
,george ,eliot well says t :]e !        
trem5d\s alt]native ( ev]la/+ torm5ts is
 believ$ 9--believ$ 9 s t x becomes a   
motive det]m9+ ! life--n only           
p]secution1 b e o!r =m ( sev]ity & gloom

 are ! legitimate consequ5ces4  ,gr&ly  
horrible is ! reflection 9 ,dante's     
,inf]no ( ! doctr9e ( hell1 held 9 !    
palmie/ days ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! gloom ( t
 poem is reliev$ by a few t\*es (       
compunction at ! doom ( noble hea!n & ( 
t5d]ness = ^? :o s9n$ ?r\gh love2 prov+ 
! poet sup]ior to 8 cre$4 ,yet consid] !
 puni%m5t ( h]etics1 buri$ 9 burn+      
sepul*res :ile f _! furnace tombs rise  
endless wails4 ,?9k ( ! t]rible         
inscription1 ,lasciate ogni sp]anza voi 
*'entrate4 ,rememb] t ,dante plac$ 9 ?is
 hell 8 political oppon5ts1 & h[ he     
depicts himself z /rik+ ! faces & pull+ 
! hair ( ! torm5t$2 !n answ]1 is n ?is  
great poem a la/+ monum5t ( ,*ri/ian    
b>b>ity8  ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ! angelic 
doctor1 treats ( ! puni%m5t ( hell "u ! 
title ,po5a ,damnatorum199 & tea*es 7#a7
 t ! damn$ w suff] o!r puni%m5ts besides
 t ( fire2 7#b7 t ! undy+ worm is       
remorse ( consci5ce2 7#c7 t ! d>kness ( 
hell is physical d>kness1 only s mu*    
light be+ admitt$ z w all[ ! lo/ to see 

& appreh5d ! puni%m5ts ( ! place2 7#d7 t
 z bo? body & s\l are puni%$1 ! fire (  
hell w be a mat]ial fire1 ( ! same      
nature z ord9>y fire b ) diff]5t        
prop]ties2 & ! place ( puni%m5t1 ?\gh n 
c]ta9ly kn[n1 is probably "u ! e>?4     
,hag5ba*1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,doctr9es1 #bji1
 note cliv41 says ( ! bless$1 ,!y       
witness ! suff]+ ( ! damn$ )\t be+ se5  
by ! latt]1 & ref]s to ,pet] ,lomb>d &  
,?omas ,aqu9as4  ,ev5 ! my/ic ,suso     
express$ himself z foll[s3--  ',give u a
 mill/one1' say ! damn$1 'z l>ge z !    
:ole e>?1 & s wide 9 circumf]5ce z to   
t\* ! sky all ar\nd & let a little bird 
come once 9 a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s & pick (f
 a small p>ticle ( ! /one1 n l>g] ?an ! 
t5? "p ( a gra9 ( millet1 & aft] ano!r  
hundr$ ?\s& ye>s let him come aga91 s t 
9 t5 hundr$ ?\s& ye>s he w\ld pick (f z 
mu* z a gra9 ( millet1 we wret*$ s9n]s  
w\ld desire no?+ b t ! /one might h an  
end1 & ?us our pa9s also2 yet ev5 t _c  
be4'9999       99 ,summ ,suppl4 qu #ig4 
9999 ,quot$ 9 ,hag5ba*'s ,hi/ory (      

,doctr9es1 #baj1 vol4      ii41 p4 #aeb 
,! "w ( ,fa!r ,p9amonti1 entitl$ ,hell  
,op5$ to ,*ri/ians1 has be5 = ov] two   
hundr$ ye>s "o ( ! mo/ popul> among     
,ca?olic ,*ri/ians4 ,x has also         
circulat$ among ,prote/ants4 ,an ,engli%
 v]sion1 ) horrible pictures ( ! torm5ts
 ( ! damn$1 has gone ?r\gh _m editions4 
,we recomm5d its pur*ase to ^? :o       
compla9 ( ! illu/rations 9 ! ,free?9k]1 
or :o desire to see h[ savage ! ,*ri/ian
 religion is at bottom4 ,! ,*ri/ian     
,fa!r ( c\rse accepts ! lit]al mean+ (  
hell fire4 ,he says 7p4 #bh73 ,e "o t is
 damn$ w be l a light$ furnace1 :i* has 
its own flames 9 itself2 all ! fil?y    
blood w boil 9 ! ve9s1 ! bra9s 9 !      
skull1 ! he>t 9 ! brea/1 ! b[els )9 !   
un=tunate body1 surr\nd$ ) an abyss ('  
fire out ( :i* x _c escape4  ,! ,sight (
 ,hell1 by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,fumiss1         
,c4,s4,s4,r41 is ano!r popul> "w issu$  
p]missu sup]iorum among ,books = ,*ildr5
 & ,"y ,p]sons4 ,a m atroci\s           
composition x is difficult to conceive4 

,! agony is pil$ on z ?\gh ! imag9ation 
( ! writ] revell$ 9 ! description (     
torture4 ,"o specim51 a mild "o1 w      
suffice3--  ,p]haps at ?is mom5t1 sev5  
o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 a *ild is j go+ into  
,hell4 ,to-morr[ ev5+ at sev5 o'clock1 g
 & knock at ! gates ( ,hell & ask :at ! 
*ild is do+4 ,! devils w g & look4 ,!n  
!y w come back aga9 & say1 ! *ild is    
burn+6 ,g 9 a week & ask :at ! *ild is  
do+2 y w get ! same answ]--x is burn+6  
,g 9 a ye> & ask1 ! same answ] comes--x 
is burn+6 ,g 9 a million ( ye>s & ask ! 
same "q2 ! answ] is j ! same--x is      
burn+6 ,s if y g = ev] & ev]1 y w always
 get ! same answ]--x is burn+ 9 ! fire6 
,i decl>e ,i w\ld r put into ! h&s ( any
 "y *ild ,boccaccio's ,decam]on1 or any 
( ! works put on ! ,roman ,index        
,librorum ,prohibitorum1 ) :i* ,i am    
acqua9t$1 ?an ?is pi\s "w by a ,*ri/ian 
,fa!r4  ,prote/antism did no?+ to light5
 ! realm ( out] d>kness4 ,r1 by its     
repudiation ( ! prie/-s]v+ doctr9e (    
purgatory1 x r5d]$ m gl>+ ! contra/     

betwe5 ! condition ( ! sav$ & t ( !     
non-elect4 ,calv9 asks3 ,h[ is x t !    
fall ( ,adam involves s _m nations1 ) _!
 infant *ildr51 to et]nal dea? )\t      
rem$y1 unless t x s seem$ meet to ,god8 
,! same holy ,*ri/ian says ( ! damn$3 ,=
 ev] h>ass$ ) a dreadful tempe/1 !y %all
 feel !mselves torn asund] by an angry  
,god1 & transfix$ & p5etrat$ by mortal  
/+s1 t]rifi$ by ! ?und]bolts ( ,god1 &  
brok5 by ! weight ( 8 h&1 s t to s9k    
into any gulf w\ld be m tol]able ?an to 
/& = a mom5t 9 ^! t]rors4  ,accord+ to !
 ,we/m9/] ,confession1 *4 xxxiii43 ,!   
wick$ :o "k n ,god & obey n ! gospel (  
,jesus ,*ri/1 %all be ca/ into et]nal   
torm5ts4 ,& ! ,l>g] ,cate*ism1 ,a4 #bi1 
decl>es3 ,! puni%m5ts ( s9 9 ! _w to    
come are ev]la/+ sep>ation f ! com=table
 pres5ce ( ,god1 & mo/ griev\s torm5ts 9
 s\l & body1 )\t int]mission1 9 hell    
fire =ev]4 ,!y t h done good %all g into
 life ev]la/+2 & !y t h done evil into  
ev]la/+ fire1 is ! doctr9e ( ! ,book (  
,common ,pray]4  ,bi%op ,j]emy ,taylor1 

! prose poet ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 says 9 
8 disc\rse on ! ,pa9s ( ,hell993 ,we are
 amaz$ at ! inhumanity ( ,phal>is1 :o   
roa/$ m5 9 8 braz5 bull3 ?is 0 joy 9    
respect ( t fire ( hell :i* p5etrates ! 
v entrails )\t consum+ !m4 ,husb&s %all 
see _! wives1 p>5ts %all see _! *ildr51 
torm5t$ be=e _! eyes4 ,picture x1 ?9k ( 
x1 ,*ri/ian1 & !n give praises to y\r   
demon ,god4 ,! good1 really good1 bi%op 
tells u ! bodies ( ! damn$ %all be cr[d$
 toge!r 9 hell l grapes 9 a w9e press1  
:i* press "o ano!r till !y bur/4 ,e     
di/9ct s5se & organ %all be assail$ )   
its own appropriate & mo/ exquisite     
suff]+s4 ,surely ! cre$ is accurs$ :i*  
l$ s wor?y a man z ,taylor to pa9t )    
unction ?is description ( ! ,pa9s (     
,hell4       99 ,contemplation ( ! ,/ate
 ( ,man1 *4 #fh4  ,our own ,milton1     
lib]al 9 !ology ?\gh he 01 adh]es to !  
,biblical idea (       ,regions (       
,sorr[6 doleful          ,%ades6 :]e    
,peace ,& ,re/ c nev] dwell2            
,hope nev] comes1      ,t comes to all3 

b          ,torture )\t ,end      ,/ill 
urges1 & a fi]y          ,deluge f$     
,) ev]-burn+ sulphur unconsum'd4  ,bi%op
 ,hall says3 ,:at1 oh1 :at is x to      
conceive ( ly+ 9 a fire m int5se ?an    
nature c k9dle1 = hundr$s1 ?\s&s1       
millions1 yea millions ( millions (     
ye>s1 :i*1 aft] all1 are only a m9ute ( 
"t comp>$ ) et]nity4  ,dr4 ,b>r[ ass]ts 
t our bodies w be afflict$ cont9ually by
 a sulphur\s flame pi]c+ ! inmo/ smews4 
,wesley says3       ,et]nity & deep     
despair      ,on e flame is writt5 !re4 
,aga9 he says3 ,f ! mom5t :]e9 !y are   
plung$ into ! lake ( fire1 burn+ )      
brim/one1 _! torm5ts are n only )\t     
int]mission1 b likewise )\t end4  ,!    
sight ( ! torm5ts ( ! damn$ 9 hell w    
increase ! ec/acy ( ! sa9ts 9 heav54    
,?is is ! doctr9e ( ,/4 ,john1 & x has  
be5 repeat$ by or?odox ,*ri/ian prea*]s 
times )\t numb]4 ,& ?\gh or?odox        
,*ri/ian prea*]s d>e n prea* x n[1 x is 
! legitimate outcome ( _! belief4 ,9    
heav5 ! angels see all1 & mu/ !re=e     

witness ! torm5ts ( ! damn$2 & ^! d n   
dim9i% _! happ9ess1 ?\gh ! damn$ be _!  
own p>5ts or _! own *ildr54  ,jona?an   
,edw>ds1 "o ( ! mo/ consi/5t ,*ri/ians t
 ev] brea!d1 devot$ a "w to ! subject4  
,! ,?irte5? ,s]mon ( 8 ,works is entitl$
 ,! ,end ( ! ,wick$ contemplat$ by !    
,righte\s1 & is p>ticul>ly devot$ to !  
illu/ration ( ! doctr9e t ! sight ( hell
 torm5ts w exalt ! happ9ess ( ! sa9ts   
=ev]4 ,x w1 he cont9ues1 n only make !m 
m s5sible ( ! greatness & fre5ess ( !   
grace ( ,god 9 _! happ9ess1 b x really  
makes _! happ9ess ! great]1 z x w make  
!m m s5sible ( _! own happ9ess4 ,x w    
give !m a m lively reli% ( x2 x w make  
!m prize x m4 ,:5 !y see o!rs :o 7 ( !  
same nature1 & born "u ! same           
circum/ances1 plung$ 9 su* mis]y1 & !y s
 di/+ui%$1 x w make !m ! m s5sible h[   
happy !y are499 ,9 8 direful poem on !  
,la/ ,day1 ! once popul> ,dr4 ,"y makes 
"o ( ,god's victims va9ly ask3          
,?is "o1 ?is sl5d]1 almo/ no reque/3    
,:5 ,i h wept a ?\s& lives away1        

,:5 torm5t is gr[n we>y ( its prey1     
,:5 ,i h ran ( angui%'d ye>s 9 fire     
,t5 ?\s& ?\s&s1 let me !n expire4  ,!   
pi\s ,dr4 ,samuel ,hopk9s ?us displays !
 ,div9e "* & illu/rates ! lov+ k9dness (
 ! bless$ ,scripture promises3 ,! smoke 
( _! torm5t %all asc5d up 9 ! sight ( ! 
bless$ = ev] & ev]1 & s]ve1 z a mo/ cle>
 glass be=e _! eyes1 to give !m a bright
 & mo/ effective view4 ,?is display ( ! 
,div9e "* w be mo/ ent]ta9+ to all :o   
love ,god1 w give !m ! highe/ & mo/     
ineffable pleasure4 ,%\ld ! fire ( ?is  
et]nal puni%m5t cease1 x w\ld 9 a great 
measure obscure ! light ( heav5 & put an
 end to a great "p ( ! happ9ess & glory 
( ! bless$4  ,contra/ ) ?is holy        
utt]ance ( ! pi\s ,*ri/ian1 ! burn+     
words ( ! ,a!i/ poet1 ,james ,?omson3   
,if any human s\l at all      ,mu/ die !
 second dea?1 mu/ fall      ,into t     
gulph ( qu5*less flame      ,:i* keeps  
its victims /ill ! same1      ,unpurifi$
 z unconsum$1      ,to ev]la/+ torm5ts  
doom$2      ,!n ,i give ,god my scorn & 

hate1      ,& turn+ back f ,heav5's gate
      7,suppose me got !re67 b[1 ,adieu6
      ,almighty ,devil1 damn me too49999
  ,baxt]1 9 8 ,sa9t's ,ev]la/+ ,be/1    
decl>es3 ,! pr9cipal au?or ( hell       
torm5ts is ,god himself4 ,z x 0 no less 
?an ,god :om ! s9n] _h (f5d$1 s x is no 
less ?an ,god :o w puni% !m = _! (f5ces4
 ,he has prep>$ ^? torm5ts = 8          
enemies4444 ,! ev]la/+ flames ( hell w n
 be ?\ght too hot = ! rebelli\s2 & :5 !y
 h burnt !re = millions ( ages1 he w n  
rep5t him ( ! evil :i* is befall5 !m4   
99 ,! ,et]nity ( ,hell ,torm5ts1 p4 #be 
7,london4 #aghi74       9999 ,vane's    
,/ory4  ,0 n ,%elley "r :5 he describ$ !
 ,*ri/ian ,god3--       ,a v5geful1     
pitiless & almighty fi5d1      ,^: m]cy 
is a nick-"n = ! rage      ,( tameless  
tig]s hung]+ = blood4  ,x w\ld be easy  
to multiply citations4 ,spurgeon1 among 
liv+ div9es1 has prea*$ hell z hot z    
anybody4 ,b ! doctr9e is decay+ toge!r )
 real fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity4  ,walt]       
,savage ,l&or well says3 ,! prie/hood 9 

all religions s+s ! same an!m4 ,fir/1 ! 
abuses are /\tly def5d$1 b :5 ! gr\nd is
 no long] t5able1 !n ^! abuses are to be
 di/+ui%$ & sep>at$ f ! true fai?4 ,b   
:at are we to ?9k ( ! sudd5 conv]sion ( 
a *ur* t has taught falsity s long8 ,if 
x did n "k ! tru? on ?is important po9t1
 h[ c x be cr$it$ ) kn[+ x ^u any o!r   
matt]8 ,! rejection ( hell cuts ! gr\nd 
f "u ! gospel4 ,salvation supposes a    
prior damnation4 ,if !re is no hell no  
,savior is ne$$4 ,*ri/ianity is all ( a 
piece1 &1 its ma9 prop gone x mu/ fall l
 a h\se ( c>ds4