,illu/ration3 ,cov]                     
,,! ,,fir/                              
,,true ,,g5tleman                       
,a ,/udy 9 ! ,human                     
,nature ( ,our ,"l                      
,) a ,=eword by                         
,,edw>d ,,ev]ett ,,hale1 ,d4,d4         
,,bo/on                          ,,john 
,w4 ,,luce  ,,company                   
#aijg                                   
,copyright1 #aijg1 by                   
,,john ,w4 ,,luce  ,,company            
,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4               
,! ,plimpton ,press ,norwood ,mass4     
,a ,,=eword   ,! diction>ies & ! /ud5ts 
( words h a great deal to say1--p]haps m
 ?an is wor? :ile1--( ! orig9 ( ! ^w    
,g5tleman1--:e!r a g5tleman 9 ,engl& & a
 g5tilhomme 9 ,france mean ! same ?+1 & 
s on4  ,! really int]e/+ ?+ is t 9 a    
republic :]e a man's a man1 ! g5tleman  
is n creat$ by diction>ies or by laws4  
,y _c make him by p>*m5t4  ,z matt] (   
philology1 ! orig9al g5tleman 0 g5tilis4
 ,t is1 he belong$ to a g5s or clan or  

family1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,roman hi/ory4 
,he 0 somebody4  ,if he _h be5 nobody he
 w\ld h _h no "n4  ,inde$1 x is wor?    
obs]v+ t ?is 0 ! condition f\nd among ! 
isl&]s ( ! ,s\? ,sea4 ,exactly z on a   
great f>m ! di/+ui%$ %eep1 :5 !y 7 s5t  
to a cattle fair might h specific names1
 :ile = ! great flock nobody pret5ds to 
"n ! individuals1 s c]ta9 p1 ev5 9      
feudal times1 7 g5tilis1 or belong$ to a
 g5s1 :ile ! great body ( m5 7 dignifi$ 
by no su* privilege4  ,! ^w g5tleman1   
h[ev]1 has bravely won = itself1 z      
,*ri/ian civilisation has gone on1 a mu*
 nobl] mean+4  ,! read] ( ?is little    
book w see t ! poet ,dekk]1 surr\nd$ by 
! g5tlem5 ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s ,c\rt1    
already compreh5d$ ! l>g] s5se ( ?is    
great ^w4  ,! writ] ( ?is essay1 tak+ ! 
famili> language ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* (  
,engl&1 foll[s out 9 "s ( ! great crises
 ( ! ,savi\r's life "s ( ! noble/       
illu/rations ( ! poet's phrase4  ,x is  
well wor? rememb]+ t ! ,receiv$ ,v]sion 
( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* belongs to       

,dekk]'s own g5]ation1 accepts 8 noble  
use ( language 9 "o ( ! great c5tral    
passages4  ,9 ! v little :i* we "k ( !  
e>ly arrangem5ts ( apo/le%ip1 we are    
giv5 to und]/& t ! ,apo/le ,james liv$  
at ,j]usalem1 & t 9 :at he wrote he     
address$ ! ,*ri/ians ( e race & habit 9 
all p>ts ( t _w ( :i* ,j]usalem is !    
c5tre4  ,! ,epi/le ( ,james may be call$
 ! fir/ encyclical address$ to all sorts
 & conditions ( m5 :o accept$ ,jesus (  
,naz>e? z ! lead] ( _! lives4 ,to ?is   
day its practical & /raight=w>d         
simplicity *all5ges ! admiration ( all  
^? believ]s :o "k t ! tree is to be     
judg$ by its fruits1--t x is n en\gh to 
cry ,"l1 ,"l1--t x is n en\gh to say1 ,i
 believe 9 ?is or ,i believe 9 t2--b r t
 ! foll[] ( ,*ri/ mu/ d :at ,he says4 ,&
 h[ does ?is g5tle apo/le ( apo/les     
def9e 9 ^w ! wisdom :i* is f above8  ,! 
wisdom f above is fir/ pure1 z ! ,ma/]  
_h said1 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t4  ,!n
 ! ,wisdom f above is peaceable1 z !    
angels said :5 ,he 0 born4  ,!n ! wisdom

 f above is g5tle4  ,! man :o foll[s    
,*ri/ is a g5tle man4  ,! woman :o      
foll[s ,*ri/ is a g5tle woman4  ,& if   
anyone eag] = accuracy 9 ! use (        
language *oose to hunt ! ,greek ^w :i*  
we f9d 9 ,/4 ,james's ,epi/le ?r\gh !   
lexicons1 he le>ns t ! g5tleman :om ,/4 
,james knew is he :o 9 deal+ ) o!rs     
abates some?+ f 8 absolute "r4  ,he is s
 l>ge & unselfi% t he c grant m ?an he  
is compell$ to grant by rigor\s ju/ice4 
,he is ! man :o c love 8 bro!rs bett]   
?an himself4  ,^! are phrases f ! old   
diction>ies4  ,great] love ha? no man   
?an ?is1 t a man lay d[n 8 life = 8     
fri5ds4  ,,edw>d ,e4 ,,hale4            
,! ,fir/ ,true ,g5tleman   ,!           
,elizabe?an poet ,dekk] said ( our ,"l t
 ,he 0 ! fir/ true g5tleman t ev]       
brea!d4  ,! passage is wor? quotation3--
      ,pati5ce6 :y1 'tis ! s\l ( peace1 
,( all ! virtues ne>e/ k9 to ,heav54    
,x makes m5 look l gods1 ! be/ ( m5     
,t e'er wore e>? ab\t him 0 a suff]]--  
,a s(t1 meek1 pati5t1 humble1 tranquil  

_s1     ,! fir/ true g5tleman t ev]     
brea!d4   ,all ?r\gh ,engli% lit]ature !
 ^w g5tleman has _h two mean+s1 & has   
be5 us$ to describe a man ( c]ta9       
qualities z well z a man ( a c]ta9 bir?4
  ,a hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ,dekk]    
wrote x 0 decl>$ t tru?1 pity1 fre$om1 &
 h>d9ess 7 ! ess5tial qualities ( a     
g5tleman4  ,our ,"l 9 ,8 human nature   
p]sonifi$ ^! ?+s4  ,e g5tleman 9        
,*ri/5dom d]ives 8 ideal f ,*ri/ :atev] 
may be 8 dogmatic cre$4  ,no virtue1    
p]haps1 0 s *>act]i/ic ( our ,"l z ,8   
devotion to tru?4  ,he decl>$ be=e      
,pilate t x 0 ! end = :i* ,he 0 born4   
,he condemn$ all ^? :o h9d]$ its        
diffusion & tri$ to make x ! monopoly ( 
a ca/e4  ,he taboo$ all absurd          
assev]ations1 ! occasional use ( :i* 0 b
 a confession ( habitual ly+4  ,he      
taught t lies 7 ( ! ,devil1 & t x 0 !   
,holy ,_s :o l$ m5 into all tru?4  ,he  
said t s9c]ity 0 ! great light ( ! ,_s1 
t all d\ble-m9d$ m5 7 9 ! d>k1 & t _!   
fe> ( ! light ( day 0 _! own suffici5t  

condemnation4 ,! ideal g5tleman all     
?r\gh ! ages has con=m$ 8 conduct 9 !   
matt] ( tru? to ! ,*ri/ian /&>d4 ,he has
 avoid$ m5tal res]vation1 abhorr$ ly+1  
&1 ?\gh he has g>ni%$ 8 spee* ) oa?s1 8 
yea has meant yea1 & 8 nay1 nay1 & he   
has reg>d$ 8 ^w z 8 bond4  ,aga91 c\rage
 & pity 7 comb9$ 9 ! "* ( ,*ri/ z !y _h 
nev] be5 comb9$ be=e4  ,n[ ! comb9ation 
is common en\gh4 ,we h ! se$ & c gr[ !  
fl[]2 b e man :o excels 9 bo? is 9 "s   
s5se a foll[] ( ,*ri/4  ,! c\rage ( our 
,"l1 ?\gh x includ$ physical c\rage1 0 n
 ( t calibre :i* is m prop]ly call$     
animal1--animal c\rage implies a want ( 
imag9ation1 & is probably incompatible )
 pity4  ,*ri/ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semane ta/$
 dea? = e man1 & held out a h& ( sympa?y
 to t va/ majority :o mu/ = ev] reg>d x 
) /rong dread4  ,yet by ,8 precepts1 by 
,8 life1 & by ,8 dea? ,he taught m5 t   
fe> c be ma/]$1 ?\gh x is a =m ( suff]+ 
seldom altoge!r sp>$ to ! highe/ type ( 
man4  ,ap>t f _! religi\s significance1 
! trial & crucifixion ( ,*ri/ =m ! sc5e 

9 ! _w's hi/ory ( :i* humanity has mo/  
reason to be pr\d4  ,*ri/1 9 ,8 human   
nature1 0 a ,galilean peasant4  ,he     
excus$ to 8 face ! ,roman ,gov]nor :o   
/oop$ to ?reat5 a prison] 9 ,:om he f\nd
 no fault4 ,judge & prison] *ang$       
places4  ,! di/9ctions ( ! _w dissolv$  
be=e ! di/9ctions ( ,god4  ,at ,pilate's
 b> all g5tlem5 recognise _! h]o1 an    
example = ev] ( ! p[]lessness (         
circum/ances to humiliate4  ,on ! ,cross
 n only did our ,"l ma9ta9 t composure  
:i* witnesses to ! supreme p[] ( ! s\l1 
b ) /ill balanc$ judgm5t ,he refus$ to  
impute s9 to ! ,roman conscripts ^:     
ord]s 7 to crucify4  ,he made a la/ ef=t
 to console ! grief ( ,8 "m & ,8 fri5d1 
& set ,himself to give hope &           
enc\ragem5t to ! suff]+ ?ief :o believ$ 
he 0 receiv+ ! due rew>d ( 8 de$s4  ,a  
g5ius h[ev] great1 a g5tleman h[ev]     
p]fect1 c\ld imag9e no /ory ( c\rage m  
noble or m inspir+ ?an ! "o set d[n 9 ! 
,gospels4  ,a new pity came into ! _w ) 
,*ri/4  ,! lump is n yet leav5$2 ev5 !  

:ite race is n yet pitiful4 ,all ! same1
 ! emotion ( pity is a p[]1 & does1     
broadly speak+1 di/+ui% ,*ri/5dom f !   
hea!n _w4  ,x is "p ( ! ideal ( all ^?  
:o are consci\s ( hav+ an ideal at all4 
,gu/s ( ang]1 bo? national & individual1
 sweep x out ( sight2 x is p>alys$ by   
fe>1 r5d]$ bl9d by use & wont2 aga9 &   
aga9 its scope is n>r[$ by ! reaction   
:i* foll[s ^u affectations &            
exagg]ations2 b x is nev] kill$4  ,x has
 be5 "p ( ! moral equipm5t ( a g5tleman 
s9ce ,*ri/ w5t ab\t do+ good1 reveal+ to
 m5 ! secret ,nature c\ld n tea*        
!m--break+1 z x seem$ to !m1 ! uni=mity 
( h] rel5tlessness--! secret ( ! div9e  
compassion4  ,! indep5d5ce ( m9d & mann]
 inculcat$ by our ,"l /ill m>ks a       
g5tleman to-day4  ,did ,he n tea* t a   
man's conduct mu/ at all times be rul$  
by 8 code & n regulat$ by 8 company8 ,he
 mu/ ma9ta9 ! same attitude t[>ds life  
:e!r he f9d himself among j or unju/1   
fri5ds or enemies4  ,he mu/ n salute 8  
bre?r5 only1 nor be only k9d to ^? t    

love him4  ,he mu/ rema9 an hone/ man   
among ?ieves1 ready to rebuke an (f5d]  
to 8 face1 b /ill a g5tleman1 :o does n 
revile aga9 or suff] ! passion ( rev5ge 
to de/roy 8 judgm5t4  ,?is moral        
indep5d5ce is ! rock on :i* "* is built4
 ,! man ^: actions dep5d ^u 8 environm5t
 has b a s&y f\ndation to 8 moral       
nature4  ,^u ?is /rong rock ( moral     
indep5d5ce re/ also ! be/ mann]s4       
,self-ass]tion & self-di/ru/ are s+ul>ly
 alli$4  ,x is ! ill-assur$ :o pu% 9 _! 
ard5t desire to be l somebody else4  ,x 
is dignity r ?an humility :i* is        
recomm5d$ to u 9 ! p>able ( ^? :o *ose !
 *ief seats at fea/s4 ,x is a common ?+ 
to he> x said by simple p 9 praise ( "s 
"o !y reg>d z pre-em95tly a g5tleman t  
he is always ! same4  ,no d\bt !        
publicans & s9n]s ^: fri5dly advances   
,*ri/ accept$ )\t app>5t condesc5sion   
said ?is ( ,him4 ,he 0 s entirely       
,himself among !m t ! vulg>-m9d$        
,ph>isees :isp]$ to "o ano!r t ,he mu/  
be ignorant ( ! sort ( company ,he 0 91 

or surely ,he w\ld make pla9 ! gulf fix$
 betwe5 ,himself & !m4  ,by             
conv5tionality our ,"l seems nev] to h  
be5 b\nd4  ,on ! o!r h&1 ,he did n      
wantonly ov]?r[ ! conv5tions ( ,8 day4  
,:5 a social cu/om /ruck ,him z         
injuri\s1 ,he told ^? :o gave 9 to x t x
 /ood 9 ! way ( bett] ?+s1 sub/itut+    
cu/om = consci5ce4  ,on ! o!r h&1 ,he   
fell 9 ) ! usual ways ( respectable p 9 
a great _m p>ticul>s1 pray+ 9 a village 
place ( wor%ip beside ,ph>isees :o /ood 
up to bless !mselves & publicans :o d>$ 
n s mu* z lift _! eyes to heav51 tak+ "p
 9 a s]vice :i* 0 f> en\gh remov$ f !   
s9c]e1 spiritual1 & :olly unsup]/iti\s  
wor%ip to :i* ,he look$ =w>d z ,he talk$
 beside ! well4  ,*ri/ _h a horror (    
tyranny 9 e =m1 & ,he seems to h reg>d$ 
x z a peculi>ly hea!n vice4  ,! k+s ( ! 
,g5tiles ex]cise lord%ip ov] !m1 ,he    
said4 ,"s bold translators emphasise ,8 
mean+ by say+ "l x ov] !m4  ,dekk] 0 "r4
  ,a true g5tleman is n h>%1 implacable1
 or caprici\s4  ,! break+ ( o!r m5's    

wills gives him no pleasure4  ,*ri/'s   
foll[]s1 ,he said1 mu/ avoid all selfi% 
wi% = asc5d5cy4  ,a rul]1 ,he said1 %\ld
 reg>d himself z ! s]vant ( all4  ,:]e  
rul+ is conc]n$ ! c\nsels ( ,*ri/ seem1 
l all ,8 mo/ *>act]i/ic utt]ances1 to be
 calculat$ r to inspire aspiration 9 !  
m9ds ( good m5 ?an def9itely to regulate
 _! action1 = 9 m ?an "o ( ! p>ables ,8 
words imply t an ambition to rule is a  
lawful ambition1 & t increas$           
responsibility may be look$ to z a      
rew>d4  ,!oretically ! ,*ri/ian attitude
 t[>ds p[] has always be5 ! g5tlemanlike
 attitude4  ,hall1 ! *ronicl]1 writ+ 9  
#aedh1 says 9 ! ,*ronicles ( ,h5ry      
,,vi43 ,9 ?is matt] ,"l ,clyf=d 0       
acc\nt$ a tyrant1 & no g5tleman4  ,x is 
commonly said to-day t ,*ri/ianity has  
nev] be5 tri$4  ,su* a judgm5t is       
sup]ficial 9 ! extreme4  ,! moral tea*+ 
( ,*ri/ has nev] be5 entirely c>ri$ out 
by any community nor p]haps by any man1 
b to speak z ?\gh x _h no great influ5ce
 is %e] affectation4  ,! :ite p h wa/$1 

x is true1 _! "t & _! blood 9 qu>rell+  
ab\t dogma2 b e ,*ri/ian sect has       
recognis$ 9 ! div9e "* ( ! ,naz>5e      
,c>p5t] :o suff]$ ^u ! ,cross !         
p]fectibility ( ! human race1 & 9 _!    
highe/ mom5ts ( aspiration & rep5tance  
peoples & rul]s alike h plead$ ,8 m]its 
be=e ,god4 ,no?+ b ?is recognition c\ld 
h curb$ ! cruel pride ( ! anci5t _w1 h  
und]m9$ ! b>ri]s ( race & ca/e ) a s5se 
( human bro!rhood1 h ca/ at lea/ a      
suspicion ^u ! !ory t might is "r1 &    
made respect = wom5 a necess>y "p ( e   
good man's cre$4  ,entirely ap>t f :at  
is usually call$ religion 9 ,engl&      
to-day1 tru?1 pity1 fre$om1 & h>d9ess   
are ! ideals ( ! race because n9ete5    
hundr$ ye>s ago ,*ri/ 0 born 9 ! /able (
 a ,jewi% inn4