file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #djaba-;h4htm or #djaba-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #djaba_/pg#djaba-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#djab a_/djaba-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/meet+place (ge#jj;daws ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face italics 7bold italics74 ,to enhance readability1 small-capital text 0 left z mix$-case4 ,,! ,,meet+-,,place ,,( ,,geology ,,& ,,hi/ory 99 99 99 99 99 ,sir ,j4 ,william ,dawson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,illu/ration ,! "n ( ,sir ,william ,dawson on a title page is a gu>antee ( two ?+s3 "o1 t ! book is or?odox & ?or\ghly evangelical2 & ! o!r1 t ! matt] ( x is fir/-class1 accord+ to ! highe/ sci5tific /&>d4 --,! ,illu/rat$ ,*ri/ian ,weekly4 ,! ,meet+-,place ( ,geology & ,hi/ory4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo1 clo? #a4be ,sir ,william ,dawson's aim 9 ?is volume is aptly describ$ by ! title4 ,x is to fix ) t measure ( def9it5ess :i* ! be/ & late/ rese>* p]mits ! p]iod :5 human life began on ! e>?1 & to discuss f ! geologic /&po9t ! _m que/ions ( int]e/ connect$ ) ?is ev5t4 ,he %[s 9 h[ _m diff]5t ways sci5ce confirms ! tea*+ ( ,scripture 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( k4 ,mod]n ,ideas ( ,evolution z relat$ to ,revelation & ,sci5ce4 ,six? ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 #abmo1 clo? #a4ej ,c>efully & ?or\ghly revis$ 9 ! light ( ! criticism1 favorable & adv]se1 :i* ! prec$+ five editions h receiv$4 ,dr4 ,dawson is himself a man ( em95t judicial temp]1 a widely read s*ol>1 & a close1 pr(\nd ?9k]1 :i* makes ! bl[ he deals ! ,evolution hypo!sis all ! heavi]4 ,we comm5d x to our read]s z "o ( ! mo/ ?or\gh & se>*+ books on ! subject yet publi%$4--,! ,*ri/ian at ,"w4 ,! ,*a9 ( ,life 9 ,geological ,"t4 ,a ,sket* ( ! ,orig9 & ,succession ( ,animals & ,plants4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?ird & ,revis$ ,edition4 #abmo1 clo? #b4jj ,! judicial /yle ( ! writ] 9 argum5t is enliv5$ by 8 ability to r5d] sci5ce mo/ attractive & popul>4 ,he holds to ! or?odox view ( ! ord]$ plan ( ! univ]se1 & yet consid]s )\t prejudice ! allur+ ideas preval5t 9 mod]n sci5tific circles4--,! ,*ri/ian ,advocate 7,n4,y47 ,egypt & ,syria4 ,_! ,physical ,features 9 ,relation to ,bible ,hi/ory4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,by-,pa?s ( ,bible ,k1 ,vol4 ,,vi4 #abmo1 clo? #a4bj ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! s]ies to :i* x belongs4 ,x is ! result ( p]sonal obs]vation1 & ! "w ( a practis$ geological obs]v]4--,! ,briti% ,qu>t]ly ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,meet+-,,place ,,( ,,geology ,,& ,,hi/ory by ,,sir ,j4 ,,william ,,dawson1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,au?or ( ,! ,e>? & ,man1 ,mod]n ,ideas ( ,evolution1 ,! ,*a9 ( ,life 9 ,geological ,"t1 etc4 ,illu/ration ,flem+ ,h4 ,revell ,company ,new ,york ,*icago ,toronto ,! ,religi\s ,tract ,society1 ,london ,copyright1 #ahid ,flem+ ,h4 ,revell ,company ,,preface ,! object ( ?is little book is to give a cle> & accurate /atem5t ( facts be>+ on ! "* ( ! debatable gr\nd int]v5+ betwe5 ! lat] "p ( ! geological record & ! beg9n+s ( sacr$ & secul> hi/ory4 ,! subject is "o z yet full ( difficulty2 b ! mat]ials = its treatm5t h be5 rapidly accumulat+1 & x is hop$ t x may prove possible to r5d] x m int]e/+ & intelligible ?an h]et(ore4 ,j4 ,w4 ,d4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,g5]al ,nature ( ! ,subject #aa ,,ii4 ,! ,_w ,be=e ,man #ah ,,iii4 ,! ,e>lie/ ,traces ( ,man #bg ,,iv4 ,! ,palan?ropic ,age #dj ,v4 ,subdivisions & ,conditions ( ! ,palan?ropic ,age #fi ,,vi4 ,end ( ! ,palan?ropic ,age #he ,,vii4 ,! ,e>ly ,nean?ropic ,age #id ,,viii4 ,! ,palan?ropic ,age 9 ! ,light ( ,hi/ory #ajf ,,ix4 ,! ,deluge ( ,noah #aba ,x4 ,special ,que/ions ,respect+ ! ,deluge #aea ,,xi4 ,! ,prehi/oric & ,hi/oric 9 ! ,ea/ #afd ,,xii4 ,! ,nean?ropic ,disp]sion #ahc ,,xiii4 ,summ>y ( ,results #baj ,index #bai ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,page ,section at ,tr5ton1 on ! ,delaw>e1 %[+ ,! ,relation ( ! ,/one ,implem5ts to ! ,glacial 787 ,gravels 7aft] ,holmes7 #cb ,*ipp$ ,qu>tzites1 ,mod]n ,am]ican 7aft] ,holmes7 #cc ,fl9t ,ha*e ( ! ,anci5t or ,*ellean ,type1 ,aurillac 7aft] ,c>?aillac7 #da ,cave ( ,goyet1 ,belgium 7,section aft] ,dupont7 #dg ,lance ,head =m$ ( a ,fl9t ,flake 7,cave ( ,m\/i]74 ,! ,flat ,face %[s a ,bulb ( ,p]cussion 7aft] ,falsan7 #di ,outl9e ( ! ,skull ( ! ',old ,man ( ,cro-magnon' 7aft] ,*ri/y & ,l>tet7 #ed ,! ,fir/ ,skeleton f\nd 9 ! ,m5tone ,caves 7aft] ,rivire7 #eg ,h&le ( a ,pi]c]1 or ,bodk91 9 ,bone1 f ,laug]ie ,basse1 9 ,=m ( a ,de] #ei ,fl9t ,flake ,knife1 f\nd 9 ! ,h& ( ! ',giant' ,skeleton ( ,m5tone 7aft] ,evans7 #ei ,ne&]?al ,skull--two ,outl9es3 ! ,out] giv+ ! m ,correct ,=m 7f ,sci5ce7 #fj ,skull ( ,can/adt ,type f\nd at ,spy1 ,belgium1 by ,fraipont & ,lohe/ #fa ,outl9e ( ,mammo?1 ,c>v$ on a ,plate ( ,ivory1 f ! ,cave ( ,la ,madele9e #fh ,too? ( ,cave ,be>1 ) ,engrav+ ( a ,seal1 f a ,coll> f\nd at ,sordes1 ,pyr5ees 7aft] ,c>?aillac7 #ga ,! ,skeleton ( ,laug]ie ,basse1 ,dordogne1 %[+ ! ,position ( ! ,p]=at$ ,%ells on ! ,limbs & ,=ehead 7aft] ,c>?aillac7 #gi ,skull f ,tru*re1 %[+ a peculi> ,palan?ropic ,type alli$ to ,nean?ropic ,races 7aft] ,quatrefages7 #hb ,fl9t ,flakes ( two ,types1 f ,palan?ropic & ,nean?ropic ,caves 9 ! ,lebanon #ig ,re/oration ( ! ,sepul*ral ,cave ( ,frontal1 ,belgium 7aft] ,dupont7 #ii ,cromle* at ,fontanaccia1 ,corsica 7aft] ,de ,mortillet7 #aje ,map %[+ ! ,geographical & ,geological ,relations ( ! ,site ( ,ed51 z describ$ 9 ,g5esis #aag ,map %[+ ,l9es ( ,po/diluvian ,migrations f ,%9>1 z 9 ,g5esis x4 #ahe ,head illu/rat+ ! mo/ ,anci5t ,type ( ,cu%ite ,turanian1 f ,tel-loh 7aft] de ,s>zec74 ,! cap is p]haps an imitation ( ! ant$iluvian %ell-caps1 l t ( ! ',man ( ,m5tone' #aia ,,! ,,meet+-,,place ,,( ,,geology ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,*apt] ,i ,,g5]al ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,subject ,! sci5ce ( ! e>? & ! hi/ory ( man1 ?\gh cultivat$ by v diff]5t classes ( speciali/s & 9 v diff]5t ways1 mu/ h _! meet+-place4 ,!y mu/ inde$ n only meet1 b ov]lap & run abrea/ ( ea* o!r ?r\gh\t ne>ly ! :ole "t occupi$ by ! exi/5ce ( man on ! e>?4 ,! geologi/1 f 8 po9t ( view1 /udies all ! /ratifi$ cru/ ( ! e>?1 d[n to ! mud deposit$ by la/ ye>'s riv] inundations4 ,! hi/orian1 aid$ by ! ar*ologi/1 has writt5 & monum5tal evid5ce c>ry+ him back to ! "t ( ! e>lie/ kn[n m51 _m ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,?r\gh\t all ?is int]val ! two records mu/ h run m or less p>allel to ea* o!r1 & mu/ be 9 contact along ! :ole l9e4 ,! geologi/1 asc5d+ f ! olde/ & l[e/ portions ( ! e>?'s cru/1 & deal+ = millions ( ye>s ) physical =ces & ! in/9ctive p[]s ( animals alone1 at l5g? z he approa*es ! surface f9ds himself 9 contact ) an entirely new ag5cy1 ! free-w & consci\s action ( man4 ,x is true t at fir/ ! effects ( ^! are small1 & ! "t 9 :i* !y h be5 active is insignificant 9 comp>ison ) t occupi$ by previ\s geological ages2 b !y introduce new que/ions :i* con/antly gr[ 9 importance1 d[n to ^? lat] times 9 :i* human ag5cy has s pr(\ndly affect$ ! surface ( ! e>? & its liv+ inhabitants4 ,f9ally1 ! geologi/ is oblig$ to h rec\rse to human obs]vation & te/imony = 8 in=mation respect+ ^? mod]n causes to :i* he has to appeal = ! explanation ( =m] *anges1 & has to adduce effects produc$ by human ag5cy 9 illu/ration (1 or 9 contra/ )1 mutations 9 ! pre-human p]iods4 ,! hi/orian1 on ! o!r h&1 f9ds1 z he passes backw>d into e>li] ages1 docum5t>y evid5ce fail+ him1 & mu* ( :at he c obta9 becom+ my?ical1 vague or unc]ta91 or difficult ( explanation by mod]n analogies1 until at l5g? he is fa9 to h rec\rse to ! pick-axe & spade1 & to endeav\r to dis9t] f ! e>? ! scanty relics ( primeval man1 mu* z ! geologi/ se>*es 9 ! b$d$ rocks = ! fossils :i* !y conta94 ,he has ev5 le>n$ to use = ^! e>lie/ ages ! t]m prehi/oric1 & s practically to transf] !m to ! doma9 ( ! ar*ologi/ & geologi/4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t if we seek = ! meet+-place ( geology & hi/ory1 we %all f9d n a m]e po9t or l9e ( contact1 b a s]ies ( su* po9ts1 & ev5 a complicat$ splic+ toge!r ( diff]5t ?reads ( inve/igation1 :i* x may be difficult to dis5tangle1 & :i* ! geological speciali/ alone1 or ! hi/orical speciali/ alone1 may be unable fully to und]/&4 ,! object ( ?is little volume w be to unravel z _m z possible ( ^! ?reads ( contact1 & to make _! value & mean+ pla9 to ! g5]al read]1 s t he may n1 on ! "o h&1 bl9dly foll[ m]e ass]tions & speculations1 or1 on ! o!r1 fail to appreciate asc]ta9$ & weighty facts relat+ to ?is great & important matt] ( human orig9s4 ,?is is ! m necess>y s9ce1 ev5 9 works ( "s pret5sion1 !re are t5d5cies on ! "o h& to ov]look geological evid5ce 9 fav\r ( writt5 records1 or ev5 ( conjectural hypo!ses1 & on ! o!r to reject all e>ly hi/orical te/imony or tradition z valueless4 ,we %all f9d t nei!r ( ^! extremes is conducive to accurate conclusions4 ,rese>*es ( a geologico-hi/orical "* necess>ily also br+ u 9 view ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( our sacr$ books4 ,?is may be to "s ext5t an evil1 z invit+ ! excitem5t ( religi\s controv]sy2 b on ! o!r h& ! fact t ! e>ly hi/ory incorporat$ 9 ! ,bible goes back to ! introduction ( man1 & connects ?is ) ! completion ( ! physical & organic prep>ations = 8 adv5t1 has _m & important uses4 ,x w\ld seem inde$ t x is a great advantage to our ,*ri/ian civilisation t our sacr$ books beg9 ) a hi/ory ( creation1 giv+ an idea ( ord] & progress 9 ! creative "w4 ,:e!r we reg>d ! days ( creation z lit]al days or days ( vision ( a se]1 or :e!r we hold !m to be days ( ,god & ,8 work+1 suitable to ! ,et]nal ,"o & ,8 mighty plan1 & be>+ ! same relation to ,him t ord9>y work+ days be> to u1 we _c escape ! idea ( an ord]ly "w 9 "t4 ,?is1 :ile x deliv]s ! ,bible read] f ! extravagant my?s curr5t among hea!n peoples1 anci5t & mod]n1 pr$isposes him to expect t some?+ may be le>n$ f nature z to its beg9n+ & progress4 ,9 l mann] ! %ort /atem5ts 9 ,g5esis respect+ ! e>ly hi/ory ( man h awak5$ curiosity z to human orig9s1 & h l$ u to se>* = fur!r details d]ivable f anci5t monum5ts4 ,! ord9>y ,*ri/ian :o believes 8 ,bible is ?us s f> on 8 way t[>d a rational geology & ar*ology1 & _c say ) tru? t he is absolutely ignorant ( ! pre-human hi/ory ( ! e>?4 ,8 notions1 x is true1 may be imp]fect1 ei!r by reason ( ! brevity ( ! record to :i* he tru/s1 or ( 8 own imp]fect k ( its cont5ts1 b !y give to hi/orical & ar*ological inquiry an int]e/ & importance :i* !y c\ld n o!rwise possess4#a #a ,x is an int]e/+ fact t ! pecuni>y means1 ! skill & lab\r exp5d$ 9 rese>* 9 ! m anci5t hi/oric regions1 h to s l>ge an ext5t be5 ^? ( ,*ri/ians int]e/$ 9 ! ,bible hi/ory4 ,yet "s littrateurs1 :o h contribut$ no?+ to ^! results1 attempt to di/ort & falsify !m 9 ! int]e/ ( an unhi/orical & unsci5tific criticism1 & ev5 to taunt ! ,bible z adv]se to ar*ological inquiry4 ,! e>? has inde$1 especially 9 our own "t1 & "u ! impulse ( ,*ri/ian civilisation1 made wond]ful revelations z to its e>ly hi/ory1 to :i* we d well to take he$1 z antidotes to "s ( ! speculations :i* are palm$ ^u a cr$ul\s _w z e/abli%$ tru?s4 ,we h n[ v complete data = trac+ ! e>? f its orig9al =mless or *aotic /ate ?r\gh a numb] ( =mative & prep>atory /ages up to its mod]n condition2 b p]haps ! p>ts ( its hi/ory lea/ cle>ly kn[n1 especially to g5]al read]s1 are ^? t relate to ! beg9n+ & ! end ( ! creative "w4 ,! e>li] /ages are ^? mo/ diff]5t f our exp]i5ce & ^: monum5ts are mo/ obscure4 ,! lat] /ages on ! o!r h& h left few] monum5ts1 & ^! h be5 complicat$ ) mod]n *anges "u human influ5ce4 ,besides ?is1 x is always difficult to piece toge!r ! d$uctions f m]ely monum5tal evid5ce & ! /atem5ts ( writt5 or traditional hi/ory4 ,!re w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 to be n[ 9 our possession suffici5t facts to l9k ! human p]iod to ^? :i* prec$$ x1 & !reby to sweep away a l>ge am\nt ( misconception & misrepres5tation 9 "o dep>tm5t at lea/ ( ! relations ( natural sci5ce ) hi/ory4 ,i h call$ ! subject ) :i* we are to deal ! meet+-place ( two sci5ces4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 x might be embrac$ "u ! "n an?ropology1 ! sci5ce ( man1 :i* cov]s bo? 8 old prehi/oric ages z reveal$ by geology & ar*ology1 & ! m mod]n _w :i* is /ill pres5t1 or ( :i* we h writt5 records4 ,! ma9 po9t to be obs]v$ is t x is necess>y to place di/9ctly be=e our m9ds ! fact t we are /udy+ a p]iod 9 :i*1 on ! "o h&1 we h to obs]ve ! precautions necess>y 9 geological inve/igation1 & on ! o!r to exam9e ! evid5ce ( hi/ory & tradition4 ,a failure ei!r on ! "o side or ! o!r may lead to ! grave/ errors4 ,9 /udy+ ! subjects ?us indicat$ x w be necess>y fir/ to notice %ortly ! hi/ory ( ! e>? be=e ! human p]iod1 & its condition at ! "t ( man's introduction4 ,we may !n inquire z to ! e>lie/ kn[n rema9s ( man pres]v$ 9 ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 & trace 8 progress ?r\gh ! e>li] "p ( ! an?ropic or human p]iod1 9 s f> z x is reveal$ to u by ! relics ( man & 8 works pres]v$ 9 ! e>?4 ,we %all !n be 9 a position to inquire z to ! =m 9 :i* ! same *a9 ( ev5ts is pres5t$ to u by hi/ory & tradition1 & to discov] ! lead+ po9ts 9 :i* ! two records agree or appe> to diff]4 ,x may be necess>y "h to def9e a few t]ms4 ,! two late/ ( ! great geological p]iods may be t]m$ respectively ! plei/oc5e & ! mod]n1 or an?ropic1 ! latt] be+ ! human p]iod or age ( man4 ,! plei/oc5e includes :at has be5 call$ ! glacial age1 a p]iod ( exceptional cold & ( mu* subsid5ce & elevation ( ! l&1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e at lea/4 ,! mod]n1 or an?ropic1 is = our pres5t purpose divisible into two sections--! e>ly mod]n1 or palan?ropic1 sometimes call$ quat]n>y1 or po/-glacial1 & :i* may co9cide ) ! ant$iluvian p]iod ( human hi/ory2 & ! nean?ropic1 ext5d+ onw>d to ! pres5t "t4#b #b ,! t]ms ',paloli?ic' & ',neoli?ic' h be5 us$ = ! m5 ( ! ,palan?ropic & ,nean?ropic ages2 b ^! are objectionable1 z imply+ t ^! ages c be be/ di/+ui%$ by ! use ( c]ta9 /one implem5ts1 :i* is n ! fact4 ,i h pref]r$1 !re=e1 to call ! e>li] races ( m5 palocosmic1 & ! lat] neocosmic1 :]e x may be necess>y to ref] to !m z races2 :ile ! p]iods to :i* !y belong are respectively ! ,palan?ropic & ,nean?ropic4 ,by ! use ( ^! t]ms all ambiguity w be avoid$4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,_w ,,be=e ,,man ,man is ( rec5t introduction on ! e>?4 ,= millions ( ye>s ! sl[ process ( _w-mak+ _h be5 go+ on1 ) ref]5ce to physical /ructure & to ! l[] grades ( liv+ creatures4 ,only )9 a few ?\s& ye>s does our globe seem to h be5 fitt$ = its highe/ t5ant4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 any text-book ( geology4 ,i propose "h m]ely to pres5t ! hi/ory ( ! e>? 9 a s]ies ( ^w-pictures1 introductory to our special subject4 ,our fir/ picture may be t ( a nebula1 va/ & vapor\s1 conta9+ ! mix$ & unconsolidat$ mat]ials ( ! sun & planets--a void & desolate mass1 sl[ly aggregat+ itself "u ! influ5ce ( gravitation4 ,our next may be t ( an inc&esc5t globe1 molt5 & gl[+1 & surr\nd$ by a va/ vapor\s envelope1 b t5d+ by degrees to a condition 9 :i* x %all h a solid cru/1 on :i* ! great] "p ( ! wat]y vap\r susp5d$ 9 its atmosph]e is to be cond5s$ into a heat$ ocean4 ,our ?ird picture may repres5t ! _w ( :at geologi/s call ! ar*an1 or eozoic p]iod1 :5 ! cru/ _h be5 furr[$ up into ridges ( l&1 & correspond+ b wid] depressions occupi$ by ! sea4 ,into ! latt] ! ra9s fall+ on ! l& are c>ry+ s$im5t d]iv$ f ! wa/+ rocks1 ?\gh ! wat]s are /ill w>m & ! ?9n] p>ts ( ! cru/ are /ill well+ out rocky mat]ial1 ei!r molt5 or dissolv$ 9 heat$ wat]4 ,9 ?is p]iod !re 7 probably l[ =ms ( animal life 9 ! wat]s & plants on ! l&1 ?\gh we "k little ( _! exact nature4 ,a f\r? picture may repres5t t great & long-cont9u$ palozoic p]iod 9 :i* ! wat]s sw>m$ ) _m =ms ( life1 :5 fi%es 7 introduc$ into ! sea1 & :5 ! l& became cov]$ ) d5se =e/s ( plants alli$ to ! mod]n club-mosses1 f]ns1 m>es'-tails & p9es2 :ile insects1 scorpions & snails1 & "s ( ! humbl] =ms ( reptiles1 f\nd place on ! l&4 ,return+ aft] an int]val1 we %\ld see a fif? picture1 t ( ! mesozoic _w4 ,?is 0 ! age ( reptiles1 :5 animals ( t class atta9$ _! highe/ & mo/ gigantic =ms1 & occupi$ 9 ! sea1 on ! l&1 & 9 ! air ! places n[ held by ! mammals & ! birds2 :ile ! cont95ts 7 cov]$ ) a flora di/9ct alike f t ( ! previ\s & succe$+ p]iods1 replac$1 h[ev]1 z "t w5t on by =e/s v l ^? ( ! mod]n _w4 ,9 ?is age ! e>lie/ mammals or ord9>y quadrup$s 7 introduc$1 few at fir/1 small & ( l[ rank 9 _! class4 ,birds also made _! appe>ance1 & t[>d ! close ( ! p]iod fi%es ( mod]n types sw>m$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! sea4 ,la/ly1 we might see 9 ! c5ozoic1 or t]ti>y age1 ! newe/ ( all1 quadrup$s dom9ant on ! l& & mod]n types ( animal life 9 ! sea4 ,9 ?is p]iod our cont95ts f9ally assum$ _! pres5t =ms4 ,t[>d its close & aft] _m vicissitudes ( geography & climate1 & sev]al successive dyna/ies ( mammalian life1 man & ! l& animals n[ 8 contempor>ies occupi$ ! _w1 & ?us ! c5ozoic passes into ! an?ropic1 or mod]n p]iod1 call$ by "s1 b )\t good reason1 'quat]n>y1' s9ce x is 9 all respects a prop] cont9uation ( ! t]ti>y1 or c5ozoic4#c #c ,x w be se5 t our six pictures are 9 "s degree p>allel ) ! 'days' ( creation4 ,?is is n an int5tional reconciliation4 ,x m]ely expresses ! fact ( ! case1 :atev] its significance4 ,?is la/ age ( ! _w is s intimately connect$ ) man t x w be necess>y to consid] x m 9 detail4 ,m p>ticul>ly we may endeav\r to answ]1 if we c1 ! que/ions ( ord] & "t involv$ 9 man's late appe>ance4 ,no geologi/ w\ld expect to f9d any rema9s ( man or 8 works 9 ! p]iods repres5t$ by our five e>li] pictures1 because 9 ^! p]iods ! physical conditions necess>y to man & ! animals ne>e/ to him 9 /ructure d n appe> to h exi/$1 & _! places 9 nature 7 occupi$ by l[] types4 ,nor = simil> reasons w\ld we expect to meet ) man 9 ! e>li] "p ( t la/1 or c5ozoic1 p]iod 9 :i* we /ill live2 & 9 po9t ( fact x is only 9 sup]ficial deposits ( ! lat] "p ( ?is la/ great p]iod ( ! e>?'s hi/ory t we actually meet ) evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ! human species4 ,if !re is bas$ on ?is fact a "q z to ! actual date ( man's fir/ appe>ance1 ! physical consid]ations indicate ab\t tw5ty millions ( ye>s = ! :ole duration ( ! e>?4 ,sett+ ap>t1 say1 a f\r? ( ?is "t = ! e>ly pre-geologic condition ( ! _w1 ! rema9d] may be r\ghly e/imat$ z five millions = ! ar*an1 or eozoic1 six = ! palozoic1 ?ree = ! mesozoic1 & "o = ! c5ozoic4#d ,( ! la/1 ! lat] "p1 9 :i* !re is a possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( man1 w be limit$ to less ?an a qu>t] ( a million2 & )9 ?is ! c]ta9ly kn[n rema9s ( man1 :e!r attribut$ z by "s to ! late/ int]-99glacial p]iod1 or to ! po/-glacial--a m]e "q ( t]ms1 & n ( facts--_c be old]1 accord+ to ! be/ geological e/imates1 ?an f sev5 ?\s& to t5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,?is1 accord+ to our pres5t k1 is ! maximum date ( ! olde/ traces ( man1 & probably ^! are ne>] 9 age to ! small] ?an to ! l>g] numb]4 #d ,! absolute l5g? ( ^! p]iods is1 ( c\rse1 a matt] ( e/imation2 b ! relative l5g?s ( ! diff]5t ages may be reg>d$ z a fair approximation1 bas$ on facts4 ,if ! read] w take ! tr\ble to draw on pap] a scale ( tw5ty in*es1 ea* ( ^! w repres5t a million ( ye>s ( ! e>?'s hi/ory1 & ! kn[n duration ( ! human p]iod may be indicat$ by a ?icki% l9e at "o end ( ! scale4 ,we may ?us repres5t to ! eye ! rec5cy ( man's appe>ance1 s f> z at pres5t kn[n to sci5ce4 ,x may be said t all ?is is m]e ass]tion4 ,x fairly repres5ts1 h[ev]1 ! conclusions rea*$ on ! late/ geological evid5ce1 ?\gh ?is evid5ce w\ld dem& = its full detail a l>g] space ?an ! :ole ( ?is little volume4 ,ref]5ces are giv5 bel[ to works 9 :i* ?is evid5ce w be f\nd4#e #e ,lyell's ,/ud5ts' ,manual2 ,dana's ,manual2 ,pre/wi*'s ,geology2 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,e>?1 by ! au?or4 ,x may also be object$ t if1 z held by "s evolutioni/s1 man 0 sl[ly develop$ f l[] animals1 & if 8 e>lie/ kn[n rema9s are /ill human 9 _! *>act]s1 he mu/ h _h a va/ly long] hi/ory cov]+ ! p]iods ( 8 gradual *ange f1 say1 ape-l =ms4 ,?is is admitt$2 b !n we h z yet no good evid5ce t man 0 s develop$1 & no rema9s ( int]m$iate =ms are yet kn[n to sci5ce4 ,ev5 %\ld "s animal1 ei!r rec5t or fossil1 be discov]$ int]m$iate 9 /ructure betwe5 man & ! highe/ apes1 we %\ld /ill require pro( t x 0 ! ance/or ( man1 by ! occurr5ce ( connect+ =ms1 or o!rwise4 ,z ! facts n[ /&1 ! e>lie/ kn[n rema9s ( man are /ill human1 & tell u no?+ z to previ\s /ages ( developm5t4 ,we mu/ n[ glance a little m p>ticul>ly at :at may be t]m$ ! m imm$iate antec$5ts ( man4 ,! late/ great p]iod ( ! e>?'s geological hi/ory 7! c5ozoic7 0 +5i\sly subdivid$ by ,lyell1 on ! gr\nd ( ! p]c5tages ( ext9ct & surviv+ species ( m>9e %ells conta9$ 9 its sev]al b$s4 ,accord+ to ?is me?od1 :i*1 ) "s modifications 9 detail1 is /ill accept$1 ! eoc5e age1 or t ( ! dawn ( ! rec5t1 includes ^? =mations 9 :i* ! p]c5tage ( mod]n or /ill liv+ species ( m>9e animals does n exce$ ?ree & a half1 all ! o!r species f\nd be+ ext9ct4 ,! mioc5e 7less rec5t7 includes b$s 9 :i* ! p]c5tage ( liv+ species does n exce$ ?irty-five4 ,! plioc5e 7m rec5t7 includes b$s 9 :i* ! liv+ =ms ( m>9e life exce$ ?irty-five p] c5t1 b !re is /ill a consid]able proportion ( ext9ct species4 ,new] ?an ?is we h ! plei/oc5e 7mo/ rec5t71 9 :i* !re are sc>cely z _m ext9ct species z !re are ( rec5t 9 ! eoc5e4 ,la/ly1 ! mod]n1 ( c\rse1 includes only ! liv+ species ( ! mod]n seas4 ,o!r geologi/s1 notably ,dawk9s & ,g&ry1 h arriv$ at simil> results f a consid]ation ( ! v]tebrate animals ( ! l&4 ,9 ! eoc5e we f9d num]\s rema9s ( mammals1 or ord9>y l& quadrup$s1 b all are ext9ct1 & ne>ly all belong to ext9ct g5]a4 ,9 ! mioc5e !re are _m liv+ g5]a1 b no species t survive to ! pres5t "t4 ,! plioc5e beg9s to %[ a few liv+ species1 & ^! are dom9ant 9 ! succe$+ plei/oc5e4 ,^! sev]al /ages ( ! c5ozoic 7 also *>act]is$ by great vicissitudes ( geography & climate4 ,9 ! e>ly & middle portions ( ! eoc5e1 mu* ( ! l& ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 0 "u ! sea or 9 ! /ate ( swamps & m>%es1 & !re seems to h be5 a v mild & equable climate1 insomu* t plants n[ limit$ to w>m temp]ate regions c\ld fl\ri% 9 ,gre5l&4 ,x is fur!r to be obs]v$ t regions su* z ,mesopotamia1 ,syria & ,egypt1 :i* are kn[n to u hi/orically z among ! e>lie/ abodes ( man1 7 at ?is "t "u ! ocean1 z 7 also rocks t n[ appe> at great elevations 9 ! highe/ m\nta9s ( ,europe & ,asia4 ,= example1 ! lime/ones ?r\gh :i* ! ,nile has cut its valley are m>9e b$s ( eoc5e age1 & b$s ( ! same p]iod hold+ m>9e rema9s occur at an elevation ( #af1jjj feet 9 ! ,himalayan region4 ,9 ! mioc5e ! am\nt ( l& 0 some:at great]1 ?\gh l>ge areas ( ! cont95ts 7 /ill "u ! sea1 & ! climate 0 /ill mild1 b = reasons to be /at$ 9 ! sequel x is n likely t man inhabit$ ! w>m cont95ts ( ?is age4 ,! plioc5e inaugurates :at has be5 t]m$ a cont95tal p]iod1 :5 ! l& ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 0 high] & m ext5sive ?an at pres5t4 ,x 0 also a "t ( great physical *ange1 :5 mu* erosion ( valleys & sculptur+ ( ! surface ( ! l& occurr$1 & :5 ext5sive e>? movem5ts & ejections ( igne\s rock increas$ ! irregul>ity ( ! surface & gave great] v>iety & beauty to ! l&4 ,! plioc5e 0 altoge!r a mo/ important p]iod = giv+ ! f9i%+ t\*es ( physical geography1 & 9 x sev]al mod]n species ( l& animals 7 introduc$2 b we h z yet1 z we %all f9d 9 ! sequel1 no c]ta9 evid5ce t man 0 a witness ( ! movem5ts & sculptur+ ( ! e>?'s cru/1 s important 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 future home1 ?\gh /atem5ts to ?is effect h be5 made on gr\nds :i* we %all h to consid]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! plioc5e ! previ\sly high temp]ature ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 0 s5sibly l[]$1 & at its close ! plei/oc5e p]iod introduc$ a cold & w9try climate1 along ) gradual & unequal subsid5ce ( ! l&1 ! :ole produc+ t mo/ dismal ( ! geological ages1 kn[n z ! 'glacial p]iod4' ,at ?is "t mu* ( ! l[] l& ( ! cont95ts 0 subm]g$ & ! m\nta9s became cov]$ ) sn[ & ice1 leav+ space = vegetable & animal life only t[>d ! s\? & 9 a few fav\r$ spots 9 ! high] latitudes4 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion among geologi/s z to ! ext5t1 duration & vicissitudes ( ?is reign ( ice1 b !re c be no d\bt t x de/roy$ mu* ( ! animal & vegetable life ( ! plioc5e1 or oblig$ x to migrate to ! s\?w>d4 ,9 ?is p]iod great deposits ( mud1 s& & gravel 7 laid d[n1 :i* prep>$ ! _w = a new dep>ture 9 ! succe$+ age4 ,?is we may "n ! po/-glacial1 or e>ly mod]n p]iod1 & 9 x we h ! mo/ c]ta9 evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( man1 ?\gh ! geographical arrangem5t ( our cont95ts & _! animal inhabitants 7 9 _m respects diff]5t f :at !y n[ are4 ,if geologi/s are "r 9 ! conclusion already /at$1 t ! close ( ! glacial p]iod is z rec5t z #g1jjj ye>s ago1 ?is w give u a n>r[ limit 9 "t = ! age ( man1 at lea/ "u 8 pres5t conditions4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 !re is an absolute cons5sus ( op9ion among geologi/s z to ! exi/5ce ( man at or ab\t ! close ( ! glacial age1 9 ! nor!rn temp]ate regions at lea/1 !re are "s facts :i* h be5 suppos$ to indicate a pre-glacial human p]iod1 or ! adv5t ( man ev5 z e>ly z ! middle ( ! c5ozoic "t4 ,^! m]it a %ort consid]ation4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,traces ,,( ,,man ,9 ! eoc5e1 or e>lie/ c5ozoic1 x is n pret5d$ by anyone t man exi/$1 except inf]5tially1 on ! gr\nd t if ! rema9s we "k 9 ! e>lie/ caves & gravels belong to m5 :o 7 develop$ f apes on ! me?od ( natural selection1 _! ance/ors mu/ h exi/$1 at lea/ 9 a semi-human =m1 9 ! eoc5e4 ,b no su* precursors ( man are yet kn[n to u4 ,x w\ld h be5 pleasant to believe t man arriv$ 9 "t to see ! beautiful =e/s & to enjoy ! mild climate ( ! gold5 age ( ! mioc5e1 & ?is w\ld h agre$ ) "s human traditions2 b ! probabilities are aga9/ x1 z we "k no "o species ( high] animal ( ! _m f\nd 9 ! mioc5e t has surviv$ to our "t4 ,! privilege ( enjoy+ ! =e/s ( ! mioc5e age seems to h be5 res]v$ = "s l>ge & specialis$ monkeys1 :i* ev5 ,d>w9ians c sc>cely claim z probable ance/ors ( man4#f ,x w\ld appe> also t ow+ to increas+ refrig]ation ( climate ^! apes 7 ei!r oblig$ to leave ,europe = w>m] latitudes or became ext9ct 9 ! succe$+ plioc5e4 #f ,dryopi!cus & ,mesopi!cus4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 ,france two localities1 "o 9 ! upp] & ! o!r 9 ! middle mioc5e1 :i* h af=d$ :at are suppos$ to be work$ fl9ts4#g ,! geological age ( ! deposits seems 9 bo? cases beyond "q1 b d\bts h be5 ca/1 & ?is seem+ly ) "s reason1 on ! artificial "* ( ! fl9t flakes1 :ile 9 ! case ( "s examples :i* appe> to be scrap]s & bor]s1 l ^? 9 use long aft]w>d by semi-civilis$ peoples = work+ 9 bone & sk91 !re are grave d\bts :e!r !y actually came f ! mioc5e b$s4 ,la/ly1 x has ev5 be5 sugge/$ t ^! fl9ts may be ! h&iwork ( mioc5e apes1 a sugge/ion n s unreasonable z at fir/ sight x appe>s1 :5 tak5 9 connection ) ! work+ in/9cts ( beav]s & o!r animals4 ,monkeys1 h[ev]1 seem to h less ( ?is gift z artific]s ?an mo/ o!r creatures4 ,on ! :ole1 we mu/ reg>d ! exi/5ce ( mioc5e man z n prov51 ?\gh1 if x %\ld prove to be a fact1 x may be useful to "s ( ! sc(f]s ( ^! days to "k t x w\ld n be s irreconcilable ) ! ,biblical acc\nt ( creation z !y seem to suppose4 ,x might1 h[ev]1 prove a s]i\s /umbl+-block to or?odox ,d>w9ians1 & might raise "s difficulties respect+ ant$iluvian g5ealogies4 #g ,puy1 ,c\rny & ,!nay4 ,9 ! plioc5e ( ,europe !re are alleg$ to be in/ances ( ! occurr5ce ( human bones4 ,"o ( ^! is t ( ! skull n[ 9 ! museum ( ,flor5ce1 suppos$ to h be5 f\nd 9 ! plioc5e ( ! ,val d',arno4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a skull ( mod]n type1 & may h be5 br\ght d[n f ! surface by a l&slip4 ,b ?is explanation does n seem to apply to ! human rema9s f\nd 9 l[] plioc5e b$s at ,ca/eln$olo1 ne> ,brescia4 ,!y include a ne>ly entire human skeleton1 & are said by good obs]v]s to h be5 imb$d$ 9 undi/urb$ plioc5e b$s4 ,m4 ,quatrefages1 :o has describ$ !m1 & ^: te/imony %\ld be consid]$ z t ( an exp]t1 0 satisfi$ t ! rema9s _h n be5 int]r$1 b 7 "p ( ! orig9al deposit4 ,un=tunately ! skull ( ! only p]fect skeleton is said to h be5 ( fair proportions & sup]ior to ^? ( ! rud] types ( po/-glacial m54 ,?is has ca/ a %ade ( suspicion on ! discov]y1 especially on ! "p ( evolutioni/s1 :o ?9k x is n 9 accordance ) !ory t man %\ld retrograde betwe5 ! plioc5e & ! e>ly mod]n p]iod1 in/ead ( advanc+4 ,/ill we may ask1 :y n8 ,if m5 exi/$ 9 ! f9e climates ( ! mioc5e & e>ly plioc5e1 :y %\ld !y n h be5 a noble race1 suit$ to _! environm5t2 & :5 ! cold ( ! glacial p]iod int]v5$1 ) its sc>city & h>d%ips1 might !y n h det]iorat$1 to be subsequ5tly improv$ :5 bett] conditions sup]v5$8 ,?is w\ld c]ta9ly n be contradictory to exp]i5ce 9 ! case ( v>ieties ( o!r animals1 h[ev] at v>iance ) a hypo!tical idea ( necess>ily progressive improvem5t4 ,let u hope t ! exi/5ce ( ,european plioc5e man w be e/abli%$1 & t he w be f\nd to h be5 n ( l[ & be/ial type1 b1 z ! discov]ies above ref]r$ to if g5u9e w\ld indicate1 a wor?y prog5itor ( mod]n races ( m54 ,x /ill rema9s to inquire :e!r man may h made 8 appe>ance at ! close ( ! plioc5e or 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ! plei/oc5e1 be=e ! full developm5t ( ! glacial conditions ( t p]iod4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important indications ( ?is k9d are ^? adduc$ by ,dr4 ,m\rlon1 ( ! ,geological ,survey ( ,belgium1#h f :i* x w\ld appe> t work$ fl9ts & brok5 bones ( animals occur 9 deposits1 ! relations ( :i* w\ld indicate t !y belong ei!r to ! base ( ! plei/oc5e or close ( ! plioc5e4 ,!y are imb$d$ 9 s&s d]iv$ f eoc5e & plioc5e b$s1 & suppos$ to h be5 remani by w9d action4 ,) ! mode/y ( a true man ( sci5ce1 ,m\rlon pres5ts 8 facts1 & does n insi/ too /rongly on ! important conclusion to :i* !y seem to t5d1 b he has c]ta9ly e/abli%$ ! /ronge/ case yet on record = ! exi/5ce ( t]ti>y man4 ,) ?is %\ld1 h[ev]1 be plac$ ! facts adduc$ 9 a simil> s5se by ,pre/wi* 9 8 pap] on ! work$ fl9ts ( ,igh?am4#i #h ,bullet9 de l',acadmie ,royale de ,belgique1 #ahhi4 #i ,j\rnal ( ! ,geological ,society1 ,london1 ,may #ahhi4 ,%\ld ?is be e/abli%$1 ! curi\s result w foll[ t man mu/ h be5 ! witness ( two great cont95tal subsid5ces1 or deluges1 t ( ! e>ly plei/oc5e & ! e>ly mod]n1 ! =m] ( :i*1 & p]haps ! latt] also1 mu/ h be5 accompani$ ) a great access ( cold 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 m likely t ! facts w be f\nd to admit ( a diff]5t explanation4 ,e read] ( ! sci5tific j\rnals ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ be aw>e ( ! num]\s f9ds ( 'paloli?ic' implem5ts 9 'glacial' gravels1 indicat+ a f> great] antiquity ( man 9 ,am]ica ?an on o!r gr\nds we h a "r to imag9e4 ,i h endeav\r$ to %[1 9 a "w publi%$ sev]al ye>s ago1#aj h[ mu* d\bt on geological gr\nds atta*es to ! reports ( ^! discov]ies1 & h[ unc]ta9 is ! ref]5ce ( ! suppos$ implem5ts to undi/urb$ glacial deposits1 & h[ mu* su* ( ! 'paloli?s' z appe> to be ! "w ( man resemble ! r\gh] tools & rejectam5ta ( ! mod]n ,indians4 ,b s9ce ! publication ( t "w1 s great a numb] ( 'f9ds' h be5 record$1 t despite _! individual improbability1 "o 0 almo/ ov]:elm$ by ! co9cid5ce ( s _m witnesses4 ,n[ ! bubble seems to h be5 effectually prick$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,holmes1 ( ! ,am]ican ,geological ,survey1 :o has publi%$ 8 obs]vations 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,an?ology & else:]e4#aa #aj ,fossil ,man1 ,london1 #ahhj4 #aa ,sci5ce1 ,novemb] #ahib2 ,j\rnal ( ,geology1 #ahic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,at ,,tr5ton1 ,,on ,,! ,,delaw>e1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,! ,,/one ,,implem5ts ,,to ,,! ,,glacial 787 ,,gravels 7aft] ,holmes7 ,"o ( ! mo/ widely-kn[n examples 0 t ( ,tr5ton1 on ! ,delaw>e1 :]e !re 0 a b$ ( gravel alleg$ to be plei/oc5e1 & :i* seem$ to conta9 en\gh ( 'paloli?ic' implem5ts to /ock all ! museums 9 ! _w4 ,! evid5ce ( age 0 n satisfactory f a geological po9t ( view1 & ,holmes1 ) ! aid ( a deep excavation made = a city sew]1 has %[n t ! suppos$ implem5ts d n belong to ! undi/urb$ gravel1 b m]ely to a talus ( loose dbris ly+ aga9/ x1 & to :i* mod]n ,indians resort$ to f9d mat]ial = implem5ts1 & left beh9d !m reject$ or unf9i%$ pieces4 ,?is alleg$ discov]y has !re=e no geological or an?ropological significance4 ,! same acute & indu/ri\s obs]v] has inquir$ into a numb] ( simil> cases 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & f9ds all liable to objections on simil> gr\nds1 except 9 a few cases 9 :i* ! alleg$ implem5ts are probably n artificial4 ,^! obs]vations n only dispose1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 ( paloli?ic man 9 ,am]ica1 b !y sugge/ ! propriety ( a revision ( ! :ole doctr9e ( 'paloli?ic' & 'neoli?ic' implem5ts z held 9 ,great ,brita9 & else:]e4 ,su* di/9ctions are (t5 f\nd$ on =ms :i* may q z well repres5t m]ely local or tempor>y exig5cies1 or ! dbris ( old "w-99%ops1 z any diff]5ce ( "t or culture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ipp$ ,,qu>tzites1 ,,mod]n ,,am]ican 7aft] ,holmes7 ,upp] l9e 7#a to #f71 unf9i%$ & reject$ pieces4 ,l[] l9e 7#g to #ah71 progress ( developm5t f ! unf9i%$ oval =m to f9i%$ lance & arr[-heads4 ,= ! pres5t1 !re=e1 we may af=d to pass ov] ) ?is slight notice ! alleg$ occurr5ce ( mioc5e & plioc5e man1 & ?is ! r s9ce1 if su* m5 ev] exi/$ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ! cold & subm]g5ce ( ! plei/oc5e mu/ h cut !m (f f _! m mod]n successors 9 su* a way t man mu/ practically h made a new beg9n+ at ! close ( ! glacial age4 ,i d n ref] "h to ! f9ds ( skulls & implem5ts 9 ! aurif]\s gravels ( ,we/]n ,am]ica4 ,"s ( ^!1 if g5u9e1 might g back to ! plioc5e age1 b 9 s f> z ! evid5ce n[ available indicates1 !y all belong to ! mod]n races ( ,indians1 &1 9 "o way or ano!r1 by fraud or error1 h _h assign$ to !m a fabul\s antiquity4 ,!re /ill seems reason to believe t rema9s ( man & 8 works exi/ 9 b$s :i* are ov]laid by b\ld]s & gravel1 imply+ a cold climate4 ,^! may indicate ! la/ portion ( ! glacial p]iod prop]1 9 :i* case ! b$s ) human rema9s may be call$ int]-glacial1 or !y may indicate a p>tial relapse to ! cold conditions occurr+ aft] ! glacial age _h pass$ away1 & 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! mod]n p]iod4 ,my own view is1 t x is mo/ natural to draw ! b\nd>y l9e ( ! plei/oc5e & an?ropic or mod]n at ! po9t :]e ! e>lie/ c]ta9 evid5ces ( man appe>1 & t ! an?ropic age w be f\nd to include n only an e>ly p]iod ( mild climate succe$+ ! glacial age1 b a little lat] a return ( cold1 n comp>able ) t ( ! extreme glacial p]iod1 b suffici5t s]i\sly to affect human int]e/s1 & :i* almo/ imm$iately prec$$ ^? physical *anges :i* c>ri$ away palocosmic man1 or ! man ( ! e>lie/ p]iod1 & _m ( 8 companion animals1 & introduc$ ! nean?ropic or lat] human age4 ,we %all f9d facts be>+ on ?is 9 ! sequel4 ,9 ! meantime1 we may consid] x z e/abli%$ beyond cavil t man 0 already 9 ,europe imm$iately aft] ! close ( ! glacial p]iod1 & 0 contempor>y ) ! species ( animals1 _m ( !m l>ge & =midable1 :i* at t "t occupi$ ! l&4 ,he mu/ h ent]$ on ! possession ( a _w m ample & ri*] 9 res\rces ?an t :i* rema9s to u4 ,! e>ly po/-glacial age 01 l ! prec$+ plioc5e1 a "t ( cont95tal elevation1 9 :i* ! dry l& spread itself widely ov] ! n[ subm]g$ m>g9s ( ! sea bas9s4 ,9 ,europe1 ! ,briti% ,isl&s 7 connect$ ) ! ma9l&1 & ,irel& 0 unit$ to ,engl&4 ,! ,rh9e fl[$ nor?w>d to ! ,orkneys1 ?r\gh a wide pla9 probably wood$ & sw>m+ ) great quadrup$s1 n[ ext9ct or /range to ,europe4 ,! ,?ames & ! ,humb] 7 tribut>ies ( ! ,rh9e4 ,! l& ( ,france & ,spa9 ext5d$ out to ! hundr$-fa?om l9e4 ,! %all[] p>ts ( ! ,m$it]ranean 7 dry l&1 & t sea 0 divid$ into two p>ts by l& connect+ ,italy ) ,africa4 ,possibly portions ( ! %all[] areas ( ! ,atlantic 7 s elevat$ z to connect ,europe & ,am]ica m closely ?an at pres5t4 ,connect$ ) ?is elevation ( ! cont95ts out ( ! sea 0 a great *ange ( climate1 :]eby ! cold ( ! plei/oc5e age pass$ away & a mild] climate ov]spread ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 :ile ! newly-rais$ l& & t vacat$ by sn[ & ice became clo!d ) vegetation1 & 7 occupi$ by a ri* quadrup$al fauna1 includ+ ev5 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica1 species ( elephant1 rh9oc]os1 & o!r g5]a n[ conf9$ to ! w>m] climates4 ,?is new & noble _w 0 ! ri* h]itage ( primeval man4 ,pictet has e/imat$ ! numb] ( species ( mammals inhabit+ ,europe 9 ! palan?ropic p]iod at n9ety-eight1#ab ( :i* only fifty-sev5 n[ live !re1 ! rema9d] be+ ei!r :olly or locally ext9ct--t is1 !y are ei!r n n[ exi/+ 9 any "p ( ! _w1 or are f\nd only beyond ! limits ( ,c5tral1 ,we/]n1 & ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,! ext9ct species also include ! l>ge/ & noble/ ( all4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ! assemblage ( palan?ropic species 9 ,europe & ,we/]n ,asia is s great & v>i$ t ) our pres5t exp]i5ce we c sc>cely imag9e !m to h exi/$ contemporane\sly 9 ! same region4 ,= example1 ! association ( species ( elephant & rh9oc]os1 ! musk-%eep1 ! re9de]1 ! ,cape hy5a1 & ! hippopotamus seems to be incongru\s4 #ab ,zittel1 9 a rec5t pap] 7#ahic71 gives #aaj species ( mammals 9 ! plei/oc5e & e>ly mod]n4 ,( ^! ab\t tw5ty ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ important are ext9ct4 ,v>i\s !ories h be5 propos$ to remove ! difficulty4 ,mod]n analogies w all[ u to believe 9 su* a/\nd+ facts if we take into acc\nt ! probability ( a w>m climate1 especially 9 summ]1 along ) a wood$ /ate ( ! c\ntry provid+ mu* %elt]1 & wide cont95tal pla9s af=d+ facilities = seasonal migrations4 ,!re 7 no d\bt also climatal *anges 9 ! c\rse ( ! age1 :i* may h t5d$ to ! rem>kable mixture ( animal types 9 its deposits4 ,9 connection ) ?is !re is n[ e reason to believe t :ile1 9 its e>li] "p1 ! palan?ropic age 0 di/+ui%$ by a w>m climate1 9 its lat] portion a cold] & m inclem5t atmosph]e crept ov] ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 x is kn[n t 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! p]iod a noble species ( elephant nam$ ,elephas antiquus1 & a rh9oc]os 7,r4 ,m]kii71 ab\nd$ 9 ,europe2 b z ! age advanc$ ^! species disappe>$1 & 7 replac$ by ! mammo? 7,e4 primig5ius7 & ! woolly rh9oc]os 7,r4 ti*orh9us71 animals clo!d l ! musk-ox 9 d5se wool & hair1 & evid5tly int5d$ = a rigor\s climate4 ,) & succe$+ ^! la/ species1 ! re9de] becomes *>act]i/ic & abundant4 ,x is1 z we %all see1 a po9t ( mu* importance 9 :at may be call$ ! prehi/oric hi/ory ( man1 t he 0 introduc$ 9 a p]iod ( g5ial temp]ature z well z ( wide cont95tal ext5sion1 & surviv$ to f9d 8 physical environm5t gradually becom+ less fav\rable1 & ! age end+ 9 t great cataclysm :i* swept s _m species ( animals & tribes ( m5 out ( exi/5ce1 & r$uc$ ! dry l& ( our cont95ts to its pres5t comp>atively limit$ area4 ,i %\ld1 p]haps1 h notic$ "h ! work$ fl9ts f\nd s abundantly 9 "s p>ts ( ! s\? ( ,engl&1 :i* h long attract$ ! att5tion ( collectors1 & h 9 "s cases be5 ref]r$ to glacial or pre-glacial times4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 !y are all really po/-glacial1 ?\gh 9 "s cases belong+ to ! e>lie/ portion ( t p]iod4#ac #ac ,pre/wi* on ',igh?am ,b$s1' ,j\rn4 ,geol4 ,soc41 #ahic2 ,dawk9s1 ,j\rn4 ,an?rop4 ,soc41 #ahid4 ,we may close ! pres5t *apt] by pres5t+ to ! eye 9 a tabul> =m ! s]ies ( ev5ts includ$ 9 ! plei/oc5e & mod]n p]iods ( ! great c5ozoic "t4 ,,lat] ,,c5ozoic1 ,,or ,,t]ti>y ,,p]iod 7,9 ,asc5d+ ,ord]1 or f ! ,old] to ! ,new]7 ,new] ,plioc5e4--,a cont95tal p]iod ( long duration1 elevat$ l&1 mu* erosion1 mu* volcanic action4 ,plei/oc5e4--,irregul> elevation & depression ( ! l&1 end+ 9 wide subm]g5ce ) cold climate4 ,glaci]s on all m\nta9s ne> to coa/s & ice-drift ov] subm]g$ pla9s4 ,glacial p]iod1 ) an int]-glacial mild p]iod 9 ! middle & great subm]g5ce ( ! cont95ts t[>d ! close4 ,an?ropic4--,palan?ropic1 or po/-glacial1 9 :i* ! l& em]ges & atta9s a v wide ext5sion1 & is inhabit$ by a v>i$ mammalian fauna4 ,man appe>s 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,nor? ,africa4 ,t]m9at$ by a recurr5ce ( cold & great subsid5ce1 delug+ all ! l[] l&s4 ,nean?ropic4--,area ( cont95ts small] ?an 9 ! previ\s p]iod4 ,surviv+ races ( m5 & species ( animals repeople ! _w4 ,mod]n races ( m5 & mod]n animals4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,palan?ropic ,,age#ad #ad ,call$ by "s ',paloli?ic1' f ! use ( implem5ts l t figur$ on p4 #da4 ,we h n[ to inquire m p>ticul>ly :at we c le>n z to ! e>lie/ m5 kn[n to u1 ^? :o appe>$ 9 ,we/]n ,asia & ,europe at ! close ( ! glacial p]iod1 :5 ! cold _h pass$ away & a g5ial climate _h succe$$1 & :5 ! cont95ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e _h atta9$ to _! l>ge/ dim5sions1 7 clo!d ) a ri* vegetation & t5ant$ by an abundant mammalian fauna1 includ+ _m l>ge & important creatures n[ ext9ct4 ,we may fir/ notice "h a necess>y limitation to our k4 ,! dry l& ( ?is age 0 ( great] dim5sions ?an at pres5t4 ,a l>ge portion ( :at !n 0 l& is consequ5tly n[ "u ! sea or deeply buri$ 9 alluvial deposits4 ,h5ce if any m5 ( ?is age liv$ ne> ! bord]s ( ! ocean1 _! rema9s mu/ n[ be inaccessible1 & ! relics :i* we f9d mu/ be ^? ( inl& tribes or ( ^? :o 7 driv5 inl& by ! encroa*m5ts ( ! wat]s4 ,our means ( in=mation are ?us limit$1 & we mu/ be prep>$ to admit t !re may h be5 9 ?is age great & popul\s communities ( :i* we c h no record1 at lea/ ( a geological "*4 ,h5ce if we %\ld f9d rema9s ( only rude races ( m51 we %\ld n be ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ t all ! peoples ( ! palan?ropic age 7 ( ?is "*1 m especially if we c f9d any indications t ! m5 ^: rema9s are accessible to u1 ?\gh rude !mselves1 may h belong$ to m advanc$ races4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fl9t ,,ha*e ,,( ,,! ,,anci5t ,,or ,,*ellean ,,type1 ,,aurillac 7aft] ,c>?aillac7 ,! bones1 implem5ts & weapons1 & dbris ( ! fea/s ( ^! primitive peoples are to be f\nd pr9cipally 9 caves ( resid5ce or ( sepulture1#ae & 9 ! alluvia deposit$ by riv]s1 & 9 a few cases 9 rock fissures or m>9e gravels1 into :i* rema9s 7 drift$1 or 9 :i* !y 7 deposit$ by wat]4 ,"h1 aga91 we h ano!r limitation1 = x is possible t l>ge populations may h liv$ on pla9s or 9 =e/s 9 p]i%able /ructures1 &1 l "s mod]n savages1 may h dispos$ ( _! dead 9 su* a way t _! bones c\ld n h be5 pres]v$4 ,9 su* cases we c hope to obta91 & !n v r>ely1 only /one implem5ts & o!r imp]i%able relics4 #ae ,cav]ns1 9 relation to ?is subject1 may be divid$ into ^? ( resid5ce1 9 :i* e>ly m5 h liv$ & h left !re9 ! dbris ( _! food1 ! a%es & c9d]s ( _! fires1 & implem5ts1 c42 ^? ( sepulture1 9 :i* ! bodies ( ! dead h be5 deposit$2 & ^? ( inundation1 into :i* ! bodies ( animals or m5 h be5 drift$ by floods4 ,! same cave may1 h[ev]1 exhibit ^! diff]5t conditions 9 ! deposits on its successive floors4 ,?us m5 may h inhabit$ a cave = a "t2 x may next h be5 invad$ by riv] floods deposit+ mud1 & x may subsequ5tly h be5 us$ = burial4 ,not)/&+ ^! limitations1 h[ev]1 x is wond]ful t s mu* has be5 recov]$ f ! gr\nd by ! dilig5ce ( collectors1 & t ! mat]ial ?us obta9$ has prov$ s f]tile 9 in=mation respect+ our long-p]i%$ ance/ors4 ,suppos+1 !n1 t we se>* = rema9s ( palocosmic m5 9 riv] alluvia1 or 9 caves ( resid5ce or burial1 or 9 simil> repositories1 ! "q next arises1 by :at means c we di/+ui% _! bones f ^? ( lat] times8 ,! foll[+ crit]ia are available3 7#a7 ,! rema9s 7 9 _! pres5t condition at lea/ z long ago z ! date ( ! e>lie/ hi/ory or tradition4 ,?is evid5ce is ( c\rse ( greate/ value 9 ^? regions 9 :i* hi/ory ext5ds f>!/ back4 ,?us ! rema9s ( e>ly m5 9 ! ,lebanon caves1 :i* we "k date mu* f>!r back ?an ! arrival ( ! fir/ ,phnicians & ,canaanites 9 ,syria1 are 9 a diff]5t position1 9 s f> z hi/ory is conc]n$1 f ^? occurr+ 9 c\ntries ^: writt5 hi/ory goes back only a few c5turies4 7#b7 ,! deposits conta9+ ^! rema9s may und]lie ^? hold+ relics ( hi/oric times1 or may indicate diff]5t physical conditions ( ! di/ricts 9 :i* !y occur f ^? kn[n )9 hi/oric p]iods4 ,?is is ! case ) "s riv] b$s1 z ^? ( ,gr5elle1 ne> ,p>is1 & ) ! successive deposits 9 old caves ( resid5ce4 7#c7 ,!y may be accompani$ by rema9s ( animals n[ ext9ct 9 ! regions 9 "q1 & ^: disappe>ance & replacem5t by ! mod]n fauna implies great lapse ( "t & physical *anges2 z1 = in/ance1 :5 we f9d t m5 h left rema9s ( _! fea/s hold+ bones ( ! ext9ct woolly rh9oc]os & 8 contempor>ies1 or 9 n[ temp]ate climates1 ^? ( ! re9de]4 7#d7 ,! rema9s !mselves may indicate a race or races ( m5 & a condition ( ! arts ( life diff]5t f any kn[n 9 ! region 9 hi/oric times4 ,?us we may h skulls & skeletons indicat+ m5 racially di/9ct f any n[ extant1 & implem5ts & weapons diff]5t f ^? 9 use 9 ! times ( hi/ory or tradition4 ,we h n[ to consid] :at evid5ce ( ?is k9d v9dicates ! ass]tion t man exi/$ on our cont95ts 9 ! second cont95tal or po/-glacial age1 or1 z o!rs w h x1 9 ! clos+ p]iod ( ! glacial age1 & 0 contempor>y ) ! mammo? & o!r great bea/s n[ ext9ct4 ,?is evid5ce1 :i* has be5 accumulat+ ) great rapidity & relates to _m p>ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 is too volum9\s to be reproduc$ "h4#af ,b a few examples ( x may be giv51 m especially f p>ts ( ! old _w ^: hi/ory ext5ds f>!/ back & :]e explorations h be5 mo/ ext5sive4 #af ,ref]5ce may be made to ,*ri/y & ,l>tet1 ,reliqui ,aquitanic2 ,quatrefages1 ,homme ,fossile2 ,dupont1 ,l',homme p5dant les ,ages de ,pi]re2 ,c>?aillac1 ,la ,france ,prhi/orique2 ,dawk9s1 ,cave ,hunt+ & ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita92 ,fossil ,m5 & ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 by ! au?or4 ,my fir/ in/ance %all be "o orig9ally describ$ by ,canon ,tri/ram1 & :i* ,i _h an opportunity to exam9e 9 #ahhd--! cav]ns or rock %elt]s 9 ! face ( ! lime/one cliff ( ! pass ( ,nahr-el-,kelb1 nor? ( ,beyr\t4 ,at ?is place1 9 old cav]ns p>tly cut away 9 ! =m+ ( ! ,roman road r\nd ! cliff1 !re is a h>d /alagmite1 or mod]n lime/one1 produc$ by ! calc>e\s dripp+s f ! rock4 ,?is is fill$ ) brok5 bones int]mix$ ) fl9t flakes suitable = use z knives or spe>s or d>ts1 & occasional fragm5ts ( *>coal4 ,! bones are ^? ( l>ge animals1 & h be5 brok5 = ! extraction ( ! m>r[2 & ! :ole is evid5tly ! remnants ( ! cuis9e ( "s primitive tribe ( hunt]s1 n[ cem5t$ into a some:at h>d /one by /alagmitic matt]4 ,! bones are n ^? ( ! pres5t animals ( ,syria1 b pr9cipally ( an ext9ct species ( rh9oc]os 7,r4 ti*orh9us71 a species ( bison1 & o!r l>ge mammals :i* inhabit$ ! region 9 ! plei/oc5e & po/-glacial p]iods4 ,x is f>!r kn[n t ^! animals _h be5 ext9ct long be=e ! e>ly ,phnicians p5etrat$ into ?is c\ntry1 p]haps #cjjj ,b4,c41 & t ! deposits exi/$ 9 _! pres5t /ate :5 ! e>ly ,egyptian conqu]ors pass$ ?is way1 at lea/ #aejj ,b4,c41 on _! m>* to enc\nt] ! ,hittites4 ,x is also kn[n t ! e>lie/ hi/oric aborig9es ( ! ,lebanon1 c]ta9 rude tribes :i* seem to h exi/$ !re be=e ! migration ( ! ,phnicians1 subsi/$ on ! mod]n animals ( ! di/rict1 & us$ fl9t implem5ts & weapons some:at diff]+ f ^? ( ! e>li] cave m5 ( ! region4#ag ,:at1 !n1 7 ^! e>li] cave m58 ,c]ta9ly no p kn[n to hi/ory1 unless ^? :om we "k z ant$iluvians4#ah #ag ,see ! illu/ration on p4 #ig4 #ah ,= m detail$ description see ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s2 also ,egypt & ,syria1 9 ! ,bypa?s ( ,bible ,k1 by ! au?or4 ,f ! ,lebanon we may pass to ! we/ ( ,europe1 :]e 9 ,france & ,belgium a va/ numb] ( int]e/+ relics ( palocosmic man h be5 discov]$1 & h be5 sci5tifically exam9$4 ,we may take z an illu/ration ! cave ( ,goyet1 on ! cliffs b\nd+ ! rav9e ( ! ,samson1 a tribut>y ( ! ,meuse4 ,?is cav]n is ab\t =ty-five feet above ! pres5t ord9>y level ( ! riv]1 b 9 po/-glacial times seems to h be5 invad$ by inundations1 z x %[s on its floor five di/9ct ossif]\s surfaces1 sep>at$ by lay]s ( riv]-mud4 ,^! successive surfaces h be5 c>efully exam9$ by ,m4 ,dupont1 & _! cont5ts not$4 ,on ! l[e/ ( ^!1 or ! fir/ 9 ord] ( age1 7 f\nd num]\s skeletons & deta*$ bones ( ! cave lion & ! cave be>2 ! =m] a possible ance/or ( ! lion ( ,we/]n ,asia1 ! latt] closely alli$ to ! grizzly be> ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 b bo? entirely ext9ct 9 ,europe4 ,"o ( ! skeletons ( ! lion 0 ( unusually l>ge size1 & s complete t :5 set up x =ms ! pr9cipal ornam5t ( ! cave collection 9 ! ,brussels ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cave ,,( ,,goyet1 ,,belgium 7section aft] ,dupont7 #a to #e1 lay]s ( clay deposit$ 9 ! mammo? ages ,! next surface1 ! second 9 ord] ( "t1 _h a great] v>iety ( animal rema9s4 ,! lion _h disappe>$1 & in/ead hy5as haunt$ ! cave1 & _h dragg$ 9 animal bones to be gnaw$4 ,^! includ$ rema9s ( ! cave be>1 wolf1 rh9oc]os1 mammo?1 wild horse1 wapiti1 ,iri% /ag1 *amois1 re9de]1 wild ox1 besides sev]al small] animals4 ,! above animals are n[ all unkn[n 9 ! fauna ( mod]n ,europe1 except ! re9de]1 ! *amois1 & ! wolf4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable discov]y on ?is surface 0 t ( a few human bones1 gnaw$ l ! o!rs by ! hy5as4 ,man 0 ?us already 9 ! c\ntry1 & contempor>y ) all ^! animals4 ,h[ ! hy5a obta9$ 8 bones1 :e!r f "s neglect$ corpse or f "s badly-con/ruct$ grave1 w nev] be kn[n2 b ! discov]y introduces u to a tribe or family ( m5 com+ z immigrants into a region already /ock$ ) _m great quadrup$s4 ,!y probably did n yet dwell 9 caves1 :i*1 at a lat] & p]haps m inclem5t p]iod1 =m$ _! homes4 ,dupont concludes f ! condition ( ! bones t on bo? ! old] surfaces ! cave be> 0 ! lat] t5ant1 & _h replac$ ! lion on ! fir/ & ! hy5a on ! second4 ,! rema9+ surfaces introduce u to man z a cave-dwell]4 ,on ! olde/ ( !m are f\nd n only abundance ( dbris ( food1 b work$ fl9ts & bones1 objects ( ornam5t1 & evid5ces ( ! use ( fire4 ,! two high] lay]s %[ works ( art 9 m v>i$ & improv$ =ms1 z if a c]ta9 progress 9 ! arts ( life _h tak5 place dur+ ! occupancy ( ! cave4 ,among ! objects 9 ! upp] lay]s 7 r$ oxide ( iron1 %[+ ! use ( col\r+ matt] = ! sk9 or g>m5ts1 bone ne$les1 prov+ ! manufacture ( clo?+ by sew+1 bone po9ts = d>ts1 skilfully-b>b$ bone h>poons1 ornam5ts made ( p]=at$ tee? ( animals1 & fragm5ts ( bone1 & a rem>kable necklace ( a hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r silicifi$ %ells ( ! g5us ,turritella1 look+ l spirals ( agate1 ) a p5dant made ( ano!r & l>g] %ell4 ,^! %ells are n kn[n to occur ne>] to ! cave ?an ,rheims1 9 ,*ampagne4 ,x is sc>cely too mu* to say t ?is necklace might be worn by any lady ( ! pres5t day4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( imitative art is also %[n 9 ! c>v+ ( animal & plant =ms & fancy devices on pieces ( re9de] antl]1 :i* may h s]v$ = h&les ( weapons or implem5ts4 ,b objects ( mu* m elaborate design h be5 f\nd 9 cav]ns ( ?is age 9 ,france4 7,see illu/rations on pp4 #ei & #fh47 ,illu/ration3 ,,lance-,,head ,,=m$ ,,( ,a ,,fl9t ,,flake 7,,cave ,,( ,,m\/i]7 ,simil> to weapons f\nd 9 ! ,goyet cave4 ,! flat face %[s a bulb ( p]cussion 7aft] ,falsan7 ,! food ( ^! p1 9 s f> z x 0 ( an animal nature1 may be le>n$ f ! brok5 bones1 :i* %[ t "h z else:]e !y c>ri$ into _! caves only ! legs & skulls ( ! l>g] animals !y kill$1 leav+ ! c>cases2 ?\gh x is q possible t1 l ,nor? ,am]ican hunt+ ,indians1 !y may h /ripp$ (f portions ( fle% f ! back1 & pres]v$ ! he>t1 liv]1 c41 :i* w\ld ( c\rse leave no rema9s4 ,dupont gives li/s ( ! animals 9 ea* lay]4 ,^? 9 ! l[] ( ! an?ropic lay]s consi/ ( tw5ty-?ree species ( quadrup$s & "s bones ( birds4 ,among ! =m] 7 ! mammo?1 ! rh9oc]os1 two species ( be>1 ! horse1 ! re9de]1 two o!r species ( de] & two bov9e animals4 ,ev5 ! lion1 ! hy5a & ! wolf 7 eat5 by ^! p4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! num]ical prepond]ance 0 9 fav\r ( ! re9de] & ! wild horse1 ?\gh rema9s 7 f\nd indicat+ sev5 individuals ( ! mammo?1 & f\r ( ! rh9oc]os1 z hav+ fall5 a prey to ! old hunt]s4 ,9 ! highe/ b$ ! numb] ( species & ! proportions ( ea* "o are ne>ly ! same1 s t no mat]ial *ange 9 ! fauna _h occurr$ dur+ ! occupancy ( ?is cave4 ,x may also be not$ t :ile ,dupont calls ?is a cave ( ! mammo? age1 ! ,fr5* ar*ologi/s are 9 ! habit ( nam+ simil> deposits ^? ( ! re9de] age4 ,! age ( bo? animals 0 9 reality ! same1 except t 9 ,france ! re9de] seems to h surviv$ ! mammo?1 & inde$ we "k ?is to be ! fact f its cont9u+ 9 ! =e/s ( ,g]many till ! ,roman times4 ,?is cave may s]ve z an example ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! m5 ( ! palan?ropic age make _! appe>ance4 ,let x be obs]v$ also t ?is is only "o in/ance select$ f _m giv+ simil> te/imony1 & t ,dupont adduces evid5ce to %[ t !re may h be5 a contempor>y pla9-dwell+ p1 ( :om less is kn[n ?an ( ! troglodytes4 ,let x also be not$ t !re are o!r caves 9 ,belgium1 to :i* we %all return lat]1 :i* %[ h[ ! neocosmic m5 contempor>y ) ! pres5t fauna succe$$ ! m5 ( ! mammo? age4 ,we may n[ inquire z to ! physical *>act]s ( ! m5 ( ?is p]iod4 ,x may be /at$ 9 answ] to ?is "q t two races ( m5 are kn[n 9 ! palan?ropic age1 bo? some:at diff]5t f any exi/+ peoples1 & kn[n respectively z ! ,can/adt & ,cro-magnon races4 ,z ! latt] is ! mo/ important & be/ kn[n1 we may take x fir/1 ?\gh ! =m] may locally at lea/ h be5 ! old]4 ,! valley ( ! little riv] ,vezre1 a tribut>y ( ! ,dordogne1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 ab\nd+ 9 ov]hang+ rock-%elt]s1 seems to h be5 a fav\rite abode ( ! m5 ( ! mammo? & re9de] age4 ,! rock-%elt] ( ,cro-magnon explor$ by ,l>tet is "o ( ^!1 & t ( ,laug]ie ,basse is on ! opposite side ( ! same /ream4 ,! =m] is a %elt] or holl[ "u an ov]-99hang+ l$ge ( lime/one1 & excavat$ orig9ally by ! action ( ! wea!r on a s(t] b$4 ,x fronts ! s\?-we/1 &1 hav+ orig9ally be5 ab\t eight feet high & ne>ly tw5ty deep1 mu/ h =m$ a com=table %elt] f ra9 or cold or summ] sun1 & ) a pleasant outlook f its front4 ,be+ ne>ly fifty feet wide1 x 0 capaci\s en\gh to accommodate sev]al families1 & :5 9 use x no d\bt _h trees or %rubs 9 front1 & may h be5 fur!r complet$ by /ones1 poles1 or b>k plac$ across ! op5+4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 9 ! fir/ in/ance to h be5 us$ only at int]vals1 & to h be5 left vacant = consid]able portions ( "t4 ,p]haps x 0 visit$ only by hunt+ or w>-p>ties4 ,b subsequ5tly x 0 p]man5tly occupi$1 & ?is = s long a "t t 9 "s places a foot & a half ( a%es & c>bonace\s matt]1 ) bones1 implem5ts1 c41 0 accumulat$4 ,all ( ^!1 x may be rem>k$1 belong to ! palan?ropic age4 ,by ?is "t ! height ( ! cav]n _h be5 mu* dim9i%$1 &1 in/ead ( cle>+ x out = future use1 x 0 made a place ( burial1 9 :i* five individuals 7 int]r$4 ,( ^!1 ?ree 7 m51 "o ( great age1 ! o!r two probably 9 ! prime ( life4 ,! f\r? & fif? 7 a woman ( ab\t ?irty or =ty ye>s ( age1 & ! rema9s ( a ftus4 ,^! bones1 ) o!rs to be m5tion$ 9 connection ) !m1 unque/ionably belong to "s ( ! olde/ human inhabitants kn[n 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,!y h be5 mo/ c>efully exam9$ by sev]al compet5t anatomi/s & ar*ologi/s1 & ! results h be5 publi%$ ) excell5t figures 9 ! ,reliqui ,aquitanic1 :]e w also be f\nd details ( _! *>act]s & accompanim5ts1 among :i* la/ 7 ab\t ?ree hundr$ small %ells ( diff]5t species pi]c$ = /r++ or atta*m5t to g>m5ts4 ,^! m5 are1 !re=e1 ( ! utmo/ int]e/ = our pres5t purpose1 & ,i %all try s to dive/ ! descriptions ( anatomical details z to give a cle> notion ( _! "*4 ,! d\bts at "o "t ca/ on ! age ( ^! skeletons h be5 remov$ by ! discov]y ( o!rs at ,laug]ie ,basse1 ,m5tone1 c4 ,!y are no d\bt palan?ropic1 ?\gh n ( ! e>lie/ "p ( ! p]iod4 ,! ',old ,man ( ,cro-magnon' 0 ( great /ature1 be+ ne>ly six feet high4 ,m ?an ?is1 8 bones %[ t he 0 ( ! /ronge/ & mo/ a?letic muscul> developm5t2 & ! bones ( ! limbs h ! peculi> =m :i* is *>act]i/ic ( a?letic m5 habituat$ to r\gh walk+1 climb+1 & runn+2 = ?is is1 ,i believe1 ! real mean+ ( ! enorm\s /r5g? ( ! ?igh-bone & ! flatt5$ condition ( ! leg 9 ?is & o!r old skeletons4 ,x occurs to "s ext5t1 ?\gh mu* less ?an 9 ?is old man1 9 ,am]ican skeletons4 ,8 skull pres5ts all ! *>act]s ( advanc$ age1 ?\gh ! tee? _h be5 worn d[n to ! sockets )\t be+ lo/2 :i*1 aga91 is a "* (t5 obs]v$ 9 rude peoples ( mod]n times4 ,! skull prop]1 or bra9-case1 is v long--m s ?an 9 ord9>y mod]n skulls--& ?is l5g? is accompani$ ) a great bread?2 s t ! bra9 0 ( great] size ?an 9 av]age mod]n m51 & ! frontal region 0 l>gely & well develop$4 ,! face1 h[ev]1 pres5t$ v peculi> *>act]s4 ,x 0 extremely broad1 ) project+ *eek-bones & heavy jaw1 9 ?is resembl+ ! co>se types ( ! ,am]ican face1 & ! eye-orbits 7 squ>e & elongat$ lat]ally 9 a mann] peculi> to ! skulls ( ?is age4 ,! nose 0 l>ge & prom95t1 & ! jaws project$ some:at =w>d4 ,?is man1 !re=e1 _h1 z to 8 features1 "s resemblance to ! h>%] type ( ,am]ican physiognomy1 ) ov]hang+ br[s1 small & transv]se eyes1 high *eek-bones1 & co>se m\?4 ,he _h n liv$ to s great an age )\t "s rubs1 = 8 ?igh-bone %[$ a depression :i* mu/ h result$ f a sev]e w\nd--p]haps f ! horn ( "s wild animal or ! spe> ( an enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,! ,,skull ,,( ,,! ',,old ,,man ,,( ,,cro-,,magnon' 7aft] ,*ri/y & ,l>tet7 ,! woman pres5t$ simil> *>act]s ( /ature & cranial =m modifi$ by h] sex1 & 9 =m & visage closely resembl$ h] si/]s ( ! ,am]ican wild]ness 9 ! pre-,columbian times4 ,if h] hair & complexion 7 suitable1 %e w\ld h pass$ at once = an ,am]ican-,indian woman1 b "o ( unusual size & developm5t4 ,h] head be>s sad te/imony to ! viol5ce ( h] age & p4 ,%e di$ f ! effects ( a bl[ f a /one-head$ pogamogan or spe>1 :i* has p5etrat$ ! "r side ( ! =ehead ) s clean a fracture z to indicate ! extreme rapidity & =ce ( its bl[4 ,x is inf]r$ f ! condition ( ! edges ( ?is w\nd t %e may h surviv$ its infliction = two weeks or m4 ,if1 z is mo/ likely1 ! w\nd 0 receiv$ 9 "s sudd5 attack by a ho/ile tribe1 !y mu/ h be5 driv5 (f or h retir$1 leav+ ! w\nd$ woman 9 ! h&s ( h] fri5ds to be t5d$ = a "t1 & !n buri$1 ei!r ) o!r memb]s ( h] family or ) o!rs :o _h p]i%$ 9 ! same skirmi%4 ,unless ! w\nd 0 inflict$ 9 sleep1 dur+ a night attack1 %e mu/ h fall51 n 9 flight1 b ) h] face to ! foe1 p]haps aid+ ! resi/ance ( h] fri5ds or %ield+ h] little ones f de/ruction4 ,) ! p ( ,cro-magnon1 z ) ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ! c>e ( ! w\nd$ 0 probably a sacr$ duty1 n to be neglect$ )\t incurr+ ! greate/ disgrace & ! v5geance ( ! gu>dian spirits ( ! suff]]s4 ,unreasonable d\bts h be5 ca/ on ! burial ( ! dead by palocosmic m54 ,! burial ( m5 ( ! ,cro-magnon race at t place & at ,laug]ie ,basse & ,m5tone is e/abli%$ by ! mo/ unequivocal evid5ce2 & int]m5ts ( m5 ( ! ,can/adt race h be5 f\nd at ,spy1 9 ,belgium4 ,( c\rse1 ev5 if int]m5t prop] _h n be5 practis$1 !re might h be5 cremation1 z among ! ,tasmanians1 or burial on /ages or 9 huts1 z among "s ,am]ican ,indians4 ,/ill1 t int]m5t 0 practis$ we "k1 & ?is c>ries ) x ! c]ta9ty t our palocosmic m5 mu/ h _h "s simple ideas ( religion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,skeleton ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,m5tone ,,caves 7aft] ,rivire7 ,! skulls ( ^! p h be5 comp>$ to ^? ( ! mod]n ,e/honians or ,li?uanians2 b on ! au?ority ( ,m4 ,quatrefages x is /at$ t1 :ile ?is applies to ! probably lat] race ( small] m5 f\nd 9 "s ( ! ,belgian caves1 x does n apply s well to ! p ( ,cro-magnon4 ,are1 !n1 ^! p ! types ( any anci5t1 or ( ! mo/ anci5t1 ,european race8 ,! answ] is t !y are types ( ! cave m5 ( ! mammo? age 9 ,europe4 ,ano!r example is ! rem>kable skeleton ( ,m5tone1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 f\nd "u circum/ances equally sugge/ive ( great antiquity4 ,dr4 ,rivire1 9 a memoir on ?is skeleton1 illu/rat$ by two beautiful photographs1 %[s t ! *>act]s ( ! skull & ( ! bones ( ! limbs are simil> to ^? ( ! ,cro-magnon skeleton1 indicat+ a p]fect id5tity ( race1 :ile ! objects f\nd ) ! skeleton are simil> 9 "*4 ,i _h an opportunity ( v]ify+ 8 description by an exam9ation ( ! skeleton 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 9 #ahhc2 & m rec5t discov]ies at ,m5tone h confirm$ ! conclusion t ?is man really repres5ts a race ( giants1 "s ( !m sev5 feet high1 :o inhabit$ ,s\!rn ,europe 9 ! palan?ropic age4 ,a simil> skeleton f\nd by ,c>?aillac1 at ,laug]ie ,basse1 0 buri$ "u a great ?ickness ( accumulat$ dbris ( cook]y1 z well z ( l>ge /ones fall5 f above4 ,?is skeleton _h its %ell ornam5ts 9 place on ! =ehead1 arms1 legs & feet1 9 a mann] :i* w\ld induce ! belief t !y _h be5 atta*$ to a head-dress1 sleeves1 legg+s1 & %oes or moccas9s4 7,see illu/ration on p4 #gi47 ,illu/ration3 ,,h&le ,,( ,a ,,pi]c]1 ,,or ,,bodk91 ,,9 ,,bone1 ,,f ,,laug]ie ,,basse1 ,,9 ,,=m ,,( ,a ,,de] 7a7 ,holl[ = ?umb2 7b7 holl[ = f+]4 ,r$uc$ to "o-half4 ,f a ca/ ( ! orig9al ,illu/ration3 ,section at ,a4,a4 ,,fl9t ,,flake ,,knife1 ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,h& ,,( ,,! ',,giant' ,,skeleton ,,( ,,m5tone 7aft] ,evans7 ,! ornam5ts ( ,cro-magnon 7 p]=at$ %ells f ! ,atlantic & pieces ( ivory4 ,^? at ,m5tone 7 p]=at$ ,n]it9 f ! ,m$it]ranean & can9e tee? ( ! de]4 ,9 bo? cases !re 0 evid5ce t ^! anci5t p pa9t$ !mselves ) r$ oxide ( iron1 & us$ bodk9s ( bone1 & long & beautifully-=m$ fl9t knives1 p]haps = divid+ _! food1 or p]haps = sacrificial purposes4 ,skulls f\nd at ,cli*y & ,gr5elle 9 #ahfh & #ahfi are describ$ by ,pr(essor ,broca & ,m4 ,fleur5s z ( ! same g5]al type1 & ! rema9s f\nd at ,gibralt> & 9 ! cave ( ,pavil&1 9 ,engl&1 seem also to h belong$ to ?is race4 ,! celebrat$ ,engis skull f "o ( ! ,belgian caves1 :i* is believ$ to h belong$ to a contempor>y ( ! mammo?1 is also ( ?is type1 ?\gh less massive ?an t ( ,cro-magnon2 & la/ly1 ev5 ! some:at degrad$ ,ne&]?al skull1 f\nd 9 a cave ne> ,dsseldorf1 ?\gh1 l ^? ( ,cli*y1 ,can/adt1 ,spy & ,gibralt>1 inf]ior 9 frontal developm5t1 is ref]able to ! same peculi> long-head$ /yle ( man1 9 s f> z c be judg$ f ! portion t rema9s1 ?\gh c]ta9ly to a rud] & m degrad$ v>iety1 commonly kn[n z ! ,can/adt man z di/+ui%$ f ! ,engis or ,cro-magnon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ne&]?al ,,skull--,,two ,,outl9es3 ,,! ,,out] ,,giv+ ,,! ,,m ,,correct ,,=m 7f ,sci5ce7 ,let x be obs]v$1 !n1 t ^! skulls are probably ! olde/ kn[n 9 ! _w1 & !y are all ref]able to two v>ieties ( "o race ( m52 & let u ask :at !y tell z to ! position & "* ( palan?ropic man4 ,! te/imony is "h =tunately well-nigh unanim\s4 ,all anatomi/s & ar*ologi/s admit ! high & human "* ( ! ,engis & ev5 ! ,ne&]?al skulls4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skull ,,( ,,can/adt ,,type ,,f\nd ,,at ,,spy1 ,,belgium1 ,,by ,,fraipont ,,& ,,lohe/ ,broca1 :o has c>efully /udi$ ! ,cro-magnon skulls1 has ! foll[+ g5]al conclusions3 ',! great volume ( ! bra91 ! developm5t ( ! frontal region1 ! f9e elliptical pr(ile ( ! ant]ior portion ( ! skull1 & ! or?ogna?\s =m ( ! upp] facial region1 are inconte/ably evid5ces ( sup]iority1 :i* are met ) usually only 9 ! civilis$ races4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! great bread? ( face1 ! alveol> progna?ism1 ! enorm\s developm5t ( ! asc5d+ ramus ( ! l[] jaw1 ! ext5t & r\ghness ( ! muscul> ins]tions1 especially ( ! ma/icatory muscles1 give rise to ! idea ( a viol5t & brutal race4' ,he adds t ?is app>5t anti!sis1 se5 also 9 ! limbs z well z 9 ! skull1 accords ) ! evid5ce furni%$ by ! associat$ weapons & implem5ts ( a rude hunt]-life1 & at ! same "t ( no mean degree ( ta/e & skill 9 c>v+ & o!r arts4 ,he might h add$ t ?is is ! anti!sis se5 9 ! ,am]ican tribes1 among :om art & ta/e ( v>i\s k9ds1 & mu* t is high & spiritual ev5 9 ?\ght1 coexi/$ ) b>b>\s modes ( life & int5se f]ocity & cruelty4 ,! god & ! devil 7 comb9$ 9 ^! races1 b !re 0 no?+ ( ! m]e brute4 ,rivire rem>ks1 ) expressions ( surprise1 ! same contradictory po9ts 9 ! ,m5tone skeleton3 its gr& developm5t ( bra9-case & high facial angle--ev5 high] app>5tly ?an 9 mo/ ( ^! anci5t skulls--comb9$ ) o!r *>act]s :i* indicate a l[ type & b>b>\s modes ( life4 ,ano!r po9t :i* /rikes u 9 read+ ! descriptions ( ^! skeletons is ! indication :i* !y seem to pres5t ( an extreme longevity4 ,! massive proportions ( ! body1 ! great developm5t ( ! muscul> processes1 ! extreme we>+ ( ! tee? among a p :o pr$om9antly liv$ on fle% & n on gra91 ! oblit]ation ( ! sutures ( ! skull1 along ) indications ( sl[ ossification ( ! ends ( ! long bones1 po9t 9 ?is direction1 & seem to indicate a sl[ maturity & great l5g? ( life 9 ?is mo/ primitive race4 ,! picture w\ld be incomplete did we n add t ,quatrefages has describ$ a s+le skull1 t ( ,tru*re1 f deposits ( ?is age1 :i* %[s t ^! gigantic m5 7 contemporane\s ) a feebl] race ( small] /ature & ) diff]5t cranial *>act]s1 & inhabit+ 9 all likelihood a m ea/]n region4 ,x is fur!r significant t !re is evid5ce to %[ t ! l>g] & /rong] race 0 t :i* prevail$ 9 ,europe at ! "t ( its greate/ elevation above ! sea & greate/ horizontal ext5t1 & :5 its fauna includ$ _m l>ge quadrup$s n[ ext9ct4 ,?is race ( giants 0 ?us 9 ! possession ( a great] cont95tal area ?an t n[ exi/+1 & _h to cont5d ) gigantic brute rivals = ! possession ( ! _w4 ,x is also n improbable t ?is e>ly race became ext9ct 9 ,europe 9 consequ5ce ( ! physical *anges :i* occurr$ 9 connection ) ! subsid5ce t r$uc$ ! l& to its pres5t limits1 & t ! feebl] race :i* succe$$ came 9 z ! appropriate accompanim5t ( a dim9i%$ l&-surface & a less g5ial climate 9 ! e>ly hi/oric p]iod4 ,! old] races are ^? usually class$ z paloli?ic1 & are suppos$ to ant$ate ! p]iod ( poli%$ /one2 b ?is may1 to "s ext5t1 be a prejudice ( collectors1 :o h arriv$ at a =egone conclusion z to di/9ctions ( ?is k9d4 ,judg+ f ! great cranial capacity ( ! old] race & ! small numb] ( _! skeletons f\nd1 x might be fair to suppose t !y repres5t rude outly+ tribes belong+ to nations :i* else:]e _h atta9$ to great] population & culture4 ,la/ly1 all ( ^! old ,european races 7 ,turanian1 ,mongolian1 or ,am]ican 9 _! head-=ms & features1 z well z 9 _! habits1 implem5ts1 & arts4 ,9 o!r words1 _! ne>e/ aff9ities 7 ) races ( m5 :i* 9 ! mod]n _w are ! olde/ & mo/ widely di/ribut$4 ,! read]1 reflect+ on :at he has le>n$ f hi/ory1 may be dispos$ "h to ask1 ,mu/ we suppose ,adam to h be5 "o ( ^! ,turanian m51 l ! ',old ,man ( ,cro-magnon'8 ,9 answ]1 ,i w\ld say t !re is no good reason to reg>d ! fir/ man z hav+ resembl$ a ,greek ,apollo or an ,adonis4 ,he 0 probably ( /]n] & m muscul> m\ld4 ,b he 0 probably m ak9 to ! m delicate & ref9$ race repres5t$ by ! solit>y skull ( ,tru*re1 :ile ! gigantic palocosmic m5 ( ! ,european caves are m likely to h be5 repres5tatives ( t t]rible & p[]ful race :o fill$ ! ant$iluvian _w ) viol5ce1 & :o reappe> 9 po/diluvian times z ! ,anakim & traditional giants1 :o con/itute a feature 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( s _m c\ntries4 ,p]haps no?+ is m curi\s 9 ! revelations z to ! mo/ anci5t cave m5 ?an t !y confirm ! old belief t !re 7 'giants 9 ^? days4' ,at ! same "t we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! m dim9utive race :i* surviv$ mu/ h exi/$ previ\sly 9 "s "p ( ! _w1 & mu/ h furni%$ ! survivors ( ! succe$+ subsid5ce 7see illu/ration on p4 #hb74 ,& n[ let u pause = a mom5t to picture ^! s-call$ paloli?ic m54 ,:at c\ld ! ',old ,man ( ,cro-magnon' h told u1 _h we be5 able to sit by 8 he>? & li/5 und]/&+ly to 8 spee*8--:i*1 if we may judge f ! =m ( 8 palate-bones1 mu/ h resembl$ m t ( ! ,am]icans or ,mongolians ?an ( any mod]n ,european p4 ,he _h1 no d\bt1 travell$ f>1 = to 8 /alw>t limbs a long j\rney ?r\gh =e/s & ov] pla9s & m\nta9s w\ld be a m]e pa/ime4 ,he may h be/ridd5 ! wild horse1 :i* seems to h ab\nd$ at ! "t 9 ,france1 & he may h laun*$ 8 canoe on ! wat]s ( ! ,atlantic4 ,8 exp]i5ce & memory might ext5d back a c5tury or m1 & 8 traditional lore might g back to ! times ( ! fir/ "m ( our race4 ,did he live 9 t wide po/-plioc5e cont95t :i* ext5d$ we/w>d ?r\gh ,irel&8 ,did he "k & _h he visit$ ! m cultur$ nations t liv$ 9 ! great pla9s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,valley1 or on t nameless riv] :i* fl[$ ?r\gh ! l& n[ cov]$ by ! ,g]man ,ocean8 ,_h he visit$ or se5 f af> ! great isl& ,atlantis1 ^: inhabitants c\ld almo/ see 9 ! sunset sky ! isl&s ( ! ble/8 ,c\ld he h told u ( ! huge animals ( ! ant$iluvian _w1 & ( ! feats ( ! m5 ( r5[n :o cont5d$ ) ^! animal giants8 ,we c b conjecture all ?is4 ,b1 mute ?\gh !y may be z to ! details ( _! lives1 ! man ( ,cro-magnon & 8 contempor>ies are eloqu5t ( "o great tru?1 9 :i* !y co9cide ) ! ,am]icans & ) ! primitive m5 ( all ! e>ly ages4 ,!y tell u t primitive man _h ! same high c]ebral organisation :i* he possesses n[1 &1 we may inf]1 ! same high intellectual & moral nature1 fitt+ him = communion ) ,god & head%ip ov] ! l[] _w4 ,!y indicate also1 l ! m\nd-build]s1 :o prec$$ ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian1 t man's e>li] /ate 0 ! be/--t he _h be5 a high & noble creature be=e he became a savage4 ,x is n conceivable t _! high developm5t ( bra9 & m9d c\ld h spontane\sly engraft$ itself on a m]e brutal & savage life4 ,^! gifts mu/ be remnants ( a noble organisation degrad$ by moral evil4 ,!y ?us ju/ify ! tradition ( a ,gold5 & ,ed5ic ,age1 & mutely prote/ aga9/ ! philosophy ( progressive developm5t z appli$ to man1 :ile !y be> witness to ! simil>ity 9 all important *>act]s ( ! olde/ prehi/oric m5 ) t v>iety ( our species :i* is at ! pres5t day at once ! mo/ widely ext5d$ & ! mo/ primitive 9 its mann]s & usages4#ai #ai ,p]haps no feature ( ?is e>ly human age is m rem>kable ?an its arti/ic productions4 ,rec5t te/imony1 m especially t ( ! v c>eful explor]s ( ! deposits at ,spy1 9 ,belgium1 seems to %[ exi/5ce ( ! pott]'s art1 ?\gh ?is until lately 0 d5i$4 ,^! p ornam5t$ _! clo?+ ) pe>ly & col\r$ %ells1 & made beautiful necklaces4 ,we h already notic$ t f\nd 9 ! cave ( ,goyet4 ,at ,sordes1 9 ! ,pyr5ees1 9 a v old int]m5t ( ?is p]iod1 !re 0 a necklace ( =ty-?ree tee? ( ! cave lion & cave be>1 c>v$ ) figures ( animals 7see p4 #ga74 ,! h&le ( a pi]c]1 repres5t$ on p4 #ei1 is a m>vel ( skilful adaptation ( an animal =m to produce a h&le fitt$ to be firmly & conv5i5tly grasp$ by ! human h&4 ,! figure ( ! mammo? on p4 #fh %[s h[ a few bold l9es may produce a vigor\s & tru?ful sket*2 & multitudes ( su* c>v+s & draw+s h be5 f\nd 9 ,france z well z 9 ,g]many & ,belgium4 ,ev5 ! *ipp+ ( fl9t is an art requir+ mu* skill to produce ! f9e knives1 spe>s1 c41 s commonly f\nd1 & !re is evid5ce t ^! 7 fitt$ into /rong & probably arti/ic h&les4 ,all ?is & mu* m te/ifies to ! fact t our palocosmic m5 7 no mean arti/s z well z artific]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,outl9e ,,( ,,mammo?1 ,,c>v$ ,,on ,a ,,plate ,,( ,,ivory1 ,,f ,,! ,,cave ,,( ,,la ,,madele9e ,,*apt] ,v ,,subdivisions ,,& ,,conditions ,,( ,,! ,,palan?ropic ,,age ,:ile all geologi/s & ar*ologi/s are agre$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! m5 contempor>y ) ! mammo? & re9de] 9 ,europe1 & 9 ! fact ( two or ev5 ?ree races ( m5 hav+ exi/$ 9 t p]iod1 v>i\s op9ions are ent]ta9$ z to ! succession ( ev5ts & ! *ronological classification ( ! rema9s4 ,mortillet1 ^: arrangem5t has be5 usually adopt$ 9 ,france1 recognises a p]iod ( *ipp$ /one or paloli?ic p]iod1 correspond+ to ! palan?ropic age1 & a p]iod ( poli%$ /one1 correspond+ to ! nean?ropic age4 ,)9 ! =m] he believes t x is possible to sep>ate diff]5t ages1#bj f ! "* ( ! implem5ts & o!r rema9s4 ,! fir/ two are *>act]is$ by ! pres5ce ( two elephants1 ! mammo? & ano!r species 7,e4 antiquus71 ! next two by ! mammo? associat$ ) ! cave be> & re9de]1 ! la/ by ! ne>ly entire pr$om9ance ( ! re9de]4 ,dupont is cont5t 9 ,belgium to recognise a mammo? age & a re9de] age1 b ! latt] p]haps includes "s deposits :i* are prop]ly nean?ropic4 #bj ,respectively ! ,a*uli5ne1 ,*elli5ne1 ,m\/]i5ne1 ,sol\tri5ne1 & ,magdal5i5ne4 ,c>?aillac places ! :ole palan?ropic age z quat]n>y1 prop]ly s-call$1 :i* he sep>ates f ! t]ti>y on ! "o h& & ! mod]n on ! o!r1 & divides 8 quat]n>y into two /ages1 ! fir/ *>act]is$ by ,e4 antiquus & ,mortillet's ,*ellean m51 ! second by ! mammo? & re9de]--! e>li] ( ^! two p]iods be+ w>m & moi/1 ! latt] cold & dry4 ,! table app5d$ to ?is *apt] is modifi$ f ^? ( ,c>?aillac4 ,dawk9s1 :ile admitt+ a simil> tw(old division1 calls ! e>li] m5 ^? ( ! riv] gravels1 ! latt] ^? ( ! caves4 ,?is tw(old division ( ! palan?ropic age requires "s consid]ation4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is reason to believe t ! ,can/adt race locally prec$$ t ( ,cro-magnon4 ,i say locally1 = no "o supposes t !y are di/9ct species1 & z v>ietal =ms !y may h orig9at$ f a common int]m$iate ance/or1 or ! humbl] race may be ! e>li]1 & ! high] race an improvem5t on x1 or ! l[] race may h be5 a degrad$ type ( ! high]4 ,probably also !re 0 a ?ird1 ! ,tru*re race1 & ! ,cro-magnon race may h be5 a half-bre$ or metis prog5y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,too? ,,( ,,cave ,,be>1 ,,) ,,engrav+ ,,( ,a ,,seal1 ,,f ,a ,,coll> ,,f\nd ,,at ,,sordes1 ,,pyr5ees 7aft] ,c>?aillac7 ,aga91 !re 0 an und\bt$ *ange ( fauna )9 ! palan?ropic age1 & ?is dep5d5t on or accompani$ by a *ange ( climate4 ,! e>li] elephant ( ! p]iod 7,e4 antiquus7 & its companion animals are believ$ to h be5 suit$ to a w>m climate1 & to h ent]$ ,europe f ! s\?-99ea/4 ,)1 or imm$iately aft]1 !m came man1 & ?is conclusion h>monises ) human physiology1 = we "k t man mu/ h orig9at$ 9 a w>m climate1 & mu/ 9 ! fir/ place h be5 a fe$] on fruits & gra9s or o!r nutriti\s vegetable products4 ,9 ?is e>ly /age he w\ld be ne>ly de/itute ( implem5ts & weapons4 ,b 9 ! succe$+ cold p]iod1 "o tribe aft] ano!r might be oblig$ to resort to hunt+ habits1 to ! use ( fire & ( clo?+1 & ( natural & artificial %elt]4 ,h5ce ! peculi>ities ( ! cave m51 :o1 :ile !y advanc$ 9 art1 may h also advanc$ 9 f]ocity & w>like habits1 "u ! pressure ( necessity & competition4 ,h5ce also _! association m & m closely ) su* animals z ! re9de]1 ! hairy mammo?1 & ! woolly rh9oc]os1 :ile ! previ\s species _h migrat$ to ! s\? or p]i%$4 ,?us x w\ld appe> t ! m5 ( ! mammo? age may n be really ! mo/ primitive m51 b a d]ivative f !m "u pressure ( a sev]e climate4 ,?is possibility may be summ$ up z foll[s4 ,if ! e>ly "p ( ! po/-glacial or palan?ropic era 0 *>act]is$ by a mild] climate ?an its lat] p]iod1 ?is may h _h mu* to d ) ! *ange 9 implem5ts & weapons4 ,! e>lie/ m5 probably subsi/$ m]ely on natural fruits & o!r vegetable productions4 ,to secure ^! 9 a mild climate !y w\ld require no implem5ts1 except p]haps to dig = roots or to crack nuts4 ,if !y migrat$ into a cold] climate1 or if ! climate became m sev]e1 !y might be oblig$ to become hunt]s & fi%]m51 & w\ld inv5t new implem5ts & weapons1 n because !y _h advanc$ 9 civilisation1 b1 z ,lame* has x 9 ,g5esis1 'because ( ! gr\nd :i* ! ,"l _h curs$1' & :i* w\ld no long] yield food to !m4 ,at ! same "t !y might cont5d ) "o ano!r = ! mo/ %elt]$ & productive /ations1 & s w> might fur!r /imulate t v que/ionable advance 9 civilisation :i* consi/s 9 ! improvem5t ( weapons ( de/ruction4 ,we h mu* to le>n z to ^! matt]s2 b we mu/1 if we h any reg>d to physiology & to natural probability1 />t f ! idea t ! mo/ primitive m5 7 frugivor\s & fitt$ = a mild climate4 ,9 ?is case we %\ld expect t ^! e>lie/ m5 w\ld leave beh9d !m sc>cely any weapons or implem5ts except ( ! simple/ k9d1 & t _! app>5t progress 9 ! arts ( w> & ! *ase might 9 reality be evid5ce1 up to a c]ta9 po9t at lea/1 ( increas+ b>b>ism4 ,primitive z well z mod]n m5 pres5t 9 ^! respects /range p>adoxes4 ,we h to inquire 9 ! sequel z to ! cause ( ! f9al disappe>ance ( ! palocosmic m51 & z to ! "q :e!r hi/ory is cognisant ( any su* human p]iod z t :i* has occupi$ u 9 ?is *apt]1 or :e!r1 z has sometimes be5 assum$1 x is altoge!r prehi/oric4 ,on ! subject ( ! correlation ( ! ,fr5* & ,belgian discov]ies z to primitive man1 a mo/ int]e/+ & important communication 0 made by ,dupont to ! ,geological ,society ( ,belgium 9 #ahib4ba ,! vet]an explor] ( ! ,belgian caves addresses himself 9 ?is pap] to a c>eful comp>ison ( ! geological relations1 animal rema9s & human relics 9 ^! caves1 & 9 ! gravels & 'quat]n>y' clays associat$ ) !m4 ,he arrives at ! conclusion1 :i* ,i _h already /at$1#bb t ^! deposits are contemporane\s & %[ simil> /ages1 b t ! mammo? age prop]ly s-call$1 9 :i* ! primitive p f$ on ! mammo? & its companion ! woolly rh9oc]os1 ext5d$ to a lat] date 9 ,belgium ?an 9 ,france1 s t ! mammo? age ( ,dupont & ! re9de] age ( ! ,fr5* ar*ologi/s ov]lap "o ano!r4 ,he notes 9 connection ) ?is t !re is evid5ce ( ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! mammo? 9 ! s-call$ re9de] age ( ,france1 9 ! discov]y 9 caves ( t p]iod ( plates ( ivory ) ! portrait ( ! mammo? engrav$ on !m4 ,x w\ld !re=e appe> ei!r t ! mammo? e>li] became ext9ct or r>e 9 ,france1 p]haps on acc\nt ( climatal *anges1 or p]haps because ( de/ruction by man1 or t ! habits ( ! ,fr5* populations *ang$ 9 su* a way z to cause !m to conf9e !mselves to small] game4 ,9 ei!r case1 we n[ f9d t ! :ole palan?ropic age is "o p]iod4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,dupont agrees ) ,mortillet t !re is a hiatus1 physical1 palontological & an?ropological1 betwe5 ! s-call$ paloli?ic & neoli?ic p]iods1 t is1 betwe5 ! palan?ropic & nean?ropic ages4 #ba ,bullet9 de la ,socit ,belge de ,gologie1 janvi] #ahic4 ,?is pap] %\ld be /udi$ by all int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 #bb ,fossil ,m54 ,dupont holds t ! pla9-dwell]s 7,p$ionomytes1 z he calls !m7 7 ! e>lie/ kn[n m51 correspond+ to ! olde/ gravel rema9s ( ,dawk9s & ,pre/wi*1 & po9ts out t _! implem5ts are 9 size & =m1 ?\gh n 9 mat]ial & f9i%1 alli$ to ^? ( ! poli%$ /one age1 :i* might ?us be reg>d$ z an improv$ cont9uation or revival ( ?is fir/ p]iod4 ,?is might be read to mean1 z above ma9ta9$1 t ! e>lie/ m5 7 peaceful & p]haps 9 "p agricultural1 t !y 7 succe$$ by lawless1 p[]ful1 arti/ic & savage peoples1 & :5 ! latt] 7 swept away t a remnant ( ! primitive /ock repossess$ ! l&4 ,if ?is proves to be ! net result1 x w correspond exactly ) our old hi/orical beliefs4 ,i 0 /ruck 9 read+ ?is pap] ) a rem>k ( ,dupont on ! unprogressive "* ( ! m5 ( ! mammo? age1 :o seem to h made s little advance 9 ! arts ( life dur+ ! p]iod ( _! occupation ( ,europe4 ,p]haps he makes too great an e/imate ( ! l5g? ( _! resid5ce1 or does n suffici5tly consid] h[ long m5 ab\t _! /age ( civilisation h rema9$ at ! same po9t 9 ! hi/oric p]iod4 ,nor does he consid] ! possibility ( ! cave m5 belong+ to rud] tribes ( a race :i* may h inhabit$ bett] if m p]i%able resid5ces else:]e4 ,9 any case1 all exp]i5ce %[s t to su* a p any great advance 9 ! arts c\ld come only by mission>y influ5ce f abroad1 or by ! appe>ance ( "s great inv5tive g5ius among !mselves2 & no good =tune ( ?is k9d seems to h happ5$ to ! ,can/adt or ,cro-magnon m51 or if x did1 !y reject$ _! opportunity1 z s _m o!rs h s9ce done4 ,/ill1 p]haps1 we ne$ n pity !m too mu*4 ,!y liv$ 9 a "y & fre% condition ( ! e>?1 enjoy$ a vigor\s heal?1 & 7 gift$ ) r>e /r5g? & en]gy4 ,!y 7 b\ntifully provid$ = by nature z to food & clo?+1 7 9 slav]y to no man1 liv$ 9 families b\nd toge!r by ties ( affection1 & 7 free to migrate ov] va/ t]ritories accord+ to ! exig5cies ( ! seasons4 ,!y _h "s ta/e 9 dress & ornam5ts1 & no d\bt enjoy$ _! clev] c>v+s on bone & ivory z mu* z any mod]n lov]s ( art _! mo/ f9i%$ treasures4 ,a ,cro-magnon 'brave1' tall1 muscul> & graceful 9 movem5t1 clad 9 well-dress$ sk9s1 ornam5t$ ) poli%$ %ells & ivory p5dants1 ) a pe>ly %ell helmet1 probably deck$ ) fea!rs1 & arm$ ) 8 fl9t-head$ lance & skull-crack] ( re9de] antl] h&somely c>v$1 mu/ h be5 a some:at noble savage1 & he mu/ h rejoic$ 9 ! *ase ( ! mammo?1 ! rh9oc]os1 ! bison1 & ! wild horse & re9de]1 & 9 laun*+ 8 curi\sly-con/ruct$ h>poons aga9/ ! salmon & o!r l>g] fi% t haunt$ ! riv]s4 ,nor 0 he de/itute ( high] hopes4 ,he laid 8 dead rev]5tly 9 ! bosom ( "m e>?1 ) su* ?+s z _h be5 pleasant or useful 9 life1 & 8 rudim5t>y bible1 or 'book ( ! dead1' mu/ h at lea/ includ$ ! idea--',?is corruptible %all put on incorruption1 ?is mortal immortality4' ,t is ! mean+ ( su* fun]al gifts 9 e "p ( ! _w1 & has always be5 s1 z f> z we c le>n4 ,b ! belief 9 immortality implies also a belief 9 a ,god or gods4 ,= if !re is a spiritual _w = ! dead1 !re mu/ be a ,p[] to c>e = !m !re4 ,:e!r ^! beliefs 7 orig9ally implant$ 9 him :5 ,god brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life1 or 7 taught to him by special revelation1 we d n "k1 b !y 7 !re z a f\ndation on :i* he c\ld1 ) ! aid ( 8 s5se ( "r & wrong1 build a happy & h>mless life4 ,t he did n always d s we h "s sad evid5ce1 to be ga!r$ ev5 f 8 bones2 & ! te/imony ( tradition is t 8 great s9 0 t ( inhuman viol5ce1 & x 0 = ?is t he 0 swept away by ! ,flood1 & replac$ by m5 ( m peaceful m\ld1 :om b = t cata/rophe he w\ld soon h annihilat$4 ,c>?aillac#bc devotes a *apt] to ! mortu>y cu/oms ( ! m5 ( ! quat]n>y 7palan?ropic7 age4 ,he %[s t ! /atem5t sometimes made t ^! m5 did n c>e = ! dead is entirely incorrect1 ?\gh he believes t we "k comp>atively little ( _! burials1 ow+ to ! circum/ance t only ^? 9 cav]ns 7 likely to be pres]v$ or discov]$4 ,! discov]ies at ,spy1 9 ,belgium1 %[ t ev5 ! ,can/adt race1 ! l[e/ 9 developm5t1 & probably 9 art1 int]r$ ! bodies ( _! dead1 :ile a l>ge numb] ( int]m5ts ( ! ,cro-magnon race are kn[n4 ,he calls att5tion to ! fact t 9 all ( ^! ! body lies on its side4 ,! h&s are br\ght up to ! head or neck1 & ! knees are b5t1 sometimes slightly1 sometimes v /rongly1 s z to give ! body a cr\*+ po/ure 7p4 #gi74 ,! idea seems to h be5 to place ! body 9 ! attitude ( sleep or ( re/4 ,! deceas$ 0 array$ 9 ! g>m5ts & ornam5ts worn dur+ life1 & n infrequ5tly a quantity ( r$ oxide ( iron 0 buri$ )1 or has be5 scatt]$ ov]1 ! body4 ,fl9t knives & lances seem (t5 to h be5 plac$ ) ! dead4 ,x is ne$less to say t all ?is recalls ! burial cu/oms ( _m rude tribes ( m5 up to mod]n times4 #bc ,homme ,prhi/orique4 ,!re is "s reason to believe t occasionally1 at lea/1 ! fle% has be5 p>tially remov$ f ! bones be=e int]m5t4 ,?is rem9ds u ( ! cu/om ( "s ,am]ican tribes1 :o 7 9 ! habit ( dis9t]r+ ! dead aft] a tempor>y burial1 c>efully clean+ ! bones1 & !n plac+ !m wrapp$ 9 sk9s 9 _! tribal ossu>ies4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t ! primitive m5 :5 !y remov$ ! fle% did s 9 a rec5t /ate4 ,p]haps ?is practice 0 resort$ to only :5 ! body _h to be kept = "s "t1 or c>ri$ "s di/ance = int]m5t4 ,if ! body 0 disemb[ell$ & ! rema9+ fle% & ligam5ts dri$1 x w\ld be r$uc$ v ne>ly to ! condition ( ! imp]fect mummies ( ! ,guan*es ( ! ,can>ies & ( ! ,p]uvians4 ,?us we may suppose t we h "h a rudim5t>y condition ( ! art ( ! embalm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,skeleton ,,( ,,laug]ie ,,basse1 ,,dordogne1 ,,%[+ ,,! ,,position ,,( ,,! ,,p]=at$ ,,%ells ,,on ,,! ,,limbs ,,& ,,=ehead 7aft] ,c>?aillac7 ,"s que/ions /ill rema9 z to ! races ( m5 actually kn[n to u 9 ! palan?ropic age4 ,x has already be5 expla9$ t 9 ! e>lie/ "p ( ?is p]iod1 t *>act]is$ by ! pres5ce ( ! ,elephas antiquus 9 ,europe1 !re are evid5ces ( ! exi/5ce ( man1 & ?is 9 a m g5ial climate ?an t prevail+ lat]4 ,( ^! m5 we h no c]ta9 osse\s rema9s4 ,%\ld ^! be f\nd1 we may anticipate t _! *>act]s w\ld be peculi>1 & w\ld indicate a frugivor\s r ?an a c>nivor\s mode ( life1 & less ( rude p[] ?an t evid5c$ by ! ,can/adt & ,cro-magnon races4 ,( ! latt]1 ?\gh bo? are ( ! same faunal p]iod1 & !re=e geologically contemporane\s1 ! =m]1 ! l[] ( ! two 9 po9t ( physical developm5t1 is app>5tly 9 ,we/]n ,europe ! old]1 & repres5ts ! e>li] "p ( ! mammo? age1 :5 ! climate _h become cool] & ,elephas primig5ius _h succe$$ to ,e4 antiquus4 ,! ,cro-magnon race1 beg9n+ 9 ?is p]iod1 goes on to ! close ( ! mammo? age1 :i*1 z already /at$1 co9cides ) ! re9de] age ( ! ,fr5* ar*ologi/s4 ,?is ,cro-magnon race ,i am dispos$ to reg>d z a mix$ or half bre$ tribe1 produc$ by ! union ( ! ,can/adt peoples ) ! high] race already h9t$ at4 ,?is la/ may possibly be repres5t$ by a few skulls m resembl+ ^? ( ! m5 ( ! nean?ropic age1 :i* are occasionally f\nd 9 ! burials ( ! ,cro-magnon p1 & ( :i* t f\nd at ,tru*re has be5 already ref]r$ to4 ,we h ?us traces ( two primitive or ant$iluvian races1 "o probably mild & subsi/+ on vegetable food1 & ano!r fi]ce1 rude & c>nivor\s1 p]haps a product ( deg5]acy ( ! =m]2 & a ?ird1 or mix$ race1 ( great] physical p[] & en]gy ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,?is is ( c\rse m]ely a hypo!tical read+ ( ! facts1 b x is by no means improbable1 & w\ld1 z we %all see1 br+ !m into close relation ) ! tea*+s ( hi/ory & tradition z to ! ant$iluvian age4 ,! mo/ c>eful & elaborate /udies ( ^! sev]al types h be5 made by ,,mm4 ,quatrefages & ,hamy4 ,! =m] sums up ! races ( fossil or 'quat]n>y' m5 z six 9 numb]1 viz43 7#a7 ,! ,can/adt2 7#b7 ! ,cro-magnon2 7#c7 ! mesitocephalic race ( ,furfooz2 7#d7 ! sub-bra*ycephalic race ( ,furfooz2 7#e7 ! race ( ,gr5elle2 7#f7 ! race ( ,tru*re4 ,( ^! only ?ree 7namely1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #f7 prop]ly belong to ! palan?ropic age4 ,! races ( ,furfooz#bd & ( ! upp] b$s ( ,gr5elle are nean?ropic1 because !y are f\nd ) ! animal rema9s ( t age1 & !y resemble 9 cranial *>act]s ! nean?ropic peoples4 #bd ,notic$ lat]1 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,can/adt & ,cro-magnon races resemble ea* o!r 9 be+ long-head$ or doli*ocephalic1 & 9 hav+ /rong & co>sely-made facial bones1 b ! ,can/adt race has a comp>atively l[ =e-99head ) /rong sup]cili>y ar*es1 & r\nd eye-sockets4 ,! ,cro-magnon race has a bra9-case ( m ?an ord9>y capacity1 a m elevat$ =e-99head1 & eye-sockets s+ul>ly elongat$ horizontally4 ,broca has measur$ ! cubic cont5ts ( ! ,cro-magnon skull1 & gives z ! result #a1eij cubic c5timetres1 or #aai c5timetres m ?an ! av]age ( #abe mod]n ,p>isian skulls4 ,! ,can/adt m5 7 ( mod]ate /ature1 b /rongly built & muscul>4 ,! ,cro-magnon race 0 ( great /ature1 "s skeletons approa*+ to sev5 feet 9 height1 & af=d+ evid5ce ( imm5se muscul> developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skull ,,f ,,tru*,,re1 ,,%[+ ,a ,,peculi> ,,palan?ropic ,,type ,,alli$ ,,to ,,nean?ropic ,,races 7aft] ,quatrefages7 ,! race ( ,tru*re is repres5t$ by only a s+le skull2 b ,quatrefages v\*es = x z belong+ to ! age ( ! mammo?4 ,x is a well-=m$ bra*ycephalic cranium ( unusually great int]nal capacity1 & w\ld be reg>d$ any:]e z indicat+ a race ( high & ref9$ c]ebral end[m5t4 ,if really ( ! mammo? age1 x may h belong$ to a /raggl] or captive f a high] & m cultur$ tribe1 introduc$ accid5tally into a sepul*re ( ! ,cro-magnon p]iod4 ,x connects itself ) ! speculation 9 ! prec$+ pages z to ! exi/5ce ( su* a race4 ,?is skull resembles1 z we %\ld expect1 ! type ( ! nean?ropic m5 :o spread ov] ! e>? at ! beg9n+ ( t lat] age4 ,table ,%[+ ,relations ( ,lat] ,c5ozoic ,ages 9 ,europe ,lat] c5ozoic ,geological ,geography & ,climate ,fauna ,p]iods ,mod]n or ,! actual climate ,mod]n quadrup$s1 nean?ropic & geographical includ+ arrangem5ts dome/ic animals ,cold & dry1 ) ,re9de]1 ,l ,c widely ext5d$ mammo? 7,elephas a e cont95ts4 ,ext5sion primig5ius71 t n ,po/-glacial or ( glaci]s c4 hairy rh9oc]os e o palan?ropic 7,r4 ti*orh9us7 r z o ,w>m & moi/1 i ext5d$ cont95ts ,elephas antiquus c & ,r4 ,m]kii ,plei/oc5e or ,glacial p]iod4 ,arctic animals glacial ,subm]g5ce & & plants dim9i%$ cont95ts ,elephas ,plioc5e ,fir/ cont95tal m]idionalis1 p]iod4 ,rh9oc]os ,mild climate leptorh9us1 & o!r ext9ct ,geological ,geography & ,climate ,fauna ,p]iods ,mod]n or ,s-call$ ( ,iron1 ,rec5t nean?ropic ,bronze1 & ,poli%$ ,roman ,/one ,gauli% ,ib]ian ,magdal5ian ,l ,c ,po/-glacial or ,s-call$ paloli?ic ,sol\trian a e palan?ropic or ,age ( ,m\/]ian t n ,*ipp$ ,/one ,*ellean e o r z o i c ,plei/oc5e or glacial ,no c]ta9 trace ( ,man ,plioc5e ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,palan?ropic ,,age ,! palan?ropic age came to a tragic end1 & is some:at def9itely sep>at$ f t :i* succe$$ x4 ,?is appe>s f sev]al consid]ations :i* are too (t5 ov]look$ by writ]s :o h a prejudice 9 fav\r ( ev]y?+ pass+ imp]ceptibly & by sl[ degrees into t by :i* x is foll[$--an exagg]at$ uni=mit>ianism beyond t ( ,lyell1 b 9 h>mony ) ! hypo!sis ( ,d>w91 to :i* _m an?ropologi/s appe> to tie !mselves hopelessly4 ,?ree facts are "h specially important4 ,! ,can/adt & ,cro-magnon races are physically diff]5t f any mod]n races1 & give place at ! close ( ?is age to peoples z di/9ct f !m z any n[ exi/+1 & :o1 on ! o!r h&1 :ile sep>at$ f ! palocosmic m5 prec$+ !m1 are l9k$ ) ! races ( mod]n times4 ,x is no d\bt true t occasional & abnormal human skulls may to ?is day be se5 on liv+ m5 :i* are m or less ( ! ,can/adt or ,cro-magnon type4 ,^! are good evid5ces ( ! unity ( man ?r\gh all ! ages1 b no race exi/s hav+ all ! peculi>ities ( ^! anci5t peoples1 :i* ?us belong n to a di/9ct species b to a di/9ct racial v>iety ( man4 ,secondly1 at ! close ( ! palan?ropic age we f9d a great *ange 9 l& animals--a numb] ( important species hunt$ by e>ly man hav+ disappe>$1 & ! m meagre mod]n fauna hav+ come 9 at once4 ,?us x may be affirm$ t ! l& fauna ( ?is primitive "t 0 di/9ct f t n[ liv+4 ,?is implies ei!r long "t or a great physical break4 ,?irdly1 ?is *ange ( fauna consi/s n s mu* 9 ! introduction ( new species z 9 ! ext9ction ( old =ms1 ei!r absolutely or locally2 & ?is agrees ) ! fact ( dim9ution ( l& area1 s9ce x seems to be a law ( ! geological succession t increas+ l& br+s 9 new l& animals2 dim9i%+ l& area leads to ext9ction1 & n to introduction4 ,f\r?ly1 9 accordance ) ?is we f9d t1 at ! close ( ! palan?ropic age1 ! cont95ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e exp]i5c$ a subsid5ce f :i* !y h only p>tially recov]$ up to ! pres5t "t1 & :i* introduc$ ! mod]n geographical & climatal features4 ,?is appe>s f rais$ bea*es & b$s ( rubble1 loam & loess ( mod]n date ov]ly+ ! dbris ( ! glacial p]iod & hold+ ! rema9s ( po/-glacial animals4 ,^! are widely spread ov] ! :ole nor!rn hemisph]e1 & asc5d 9 "s di/ricts to high levels4 ,an int]e/+ illu/ration has rec5tly be5 giv5 by ,dr4 ,nues* & ,m4 ,b\le1 9 ! deposits "u a rock-%elt] at ,s*weiz]sbild1 ne> ,s*affhaus54#be ,^! %[ an ov]ly+ deposit ) 'neoli?ic' implem5ts & bones ( rec5t animals1 a b$ ( rubble & loam de/itute ( human rema9s1 & bel[ ?is a b$ conta9+ bone implem5ts1 work$ fl9ts1 & traces ( cook]y ( ! palan?ropic p]iod4 ,! :ole re/s on a b$ ( roll$ pebbles1 suppos$ to be ! upp] "p ( ! glacial deposits4 ,?is %[s ! int]val betwe5 ! palan?ropic & nean?ropic p]iods1 & also ! po/-glacial date ( man 9 ,switz]l&1 & x accords ) a great _m o!r in/ances4 #be ,n\velles ar*ives des ,missions1 c4 vol4 iii4 ,notic$ 9 ,natural ,sci5ce1 #ahic4 ,7 ^! *anges sudd5 or gradual8 ,exp]i5ce has no answ]1 = no simil> ev5ts h occurr$ 9 hi/oric times1 & ?\gh !re are records 9 ! geological hi/ory ( _m mutations 9 ! elevation ( ! l&1 we h no in=mation z to _! rate ( progress1 & we "k little ( _! causes4 ,! *anges ( ?is k9d kn[n to u 9 mod]n times are m]ely local1 n g5]al1 & 9 reg>d to _! rate are ( two k9ds4 ,"s are abrupt & accompani$ ) e>?quake %ocks4 ,^! are v local1 & usually occur 9 regions ( volcanic activity4 ,o!rs are s sl[ & gradual z to be sc>cely p]ceptible1 & are (t5 ( wid] di/ribution4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t ^! slight & local ph5om5a furni% b little clue to ! mutations ( pa/ p]iods4 ,^! 7 on a f> gr&] scale & affect$ va/ areas4 ,we h no mod]n in/ances ( ^! almo/ _w-wide depressions ( cont95ts "u ! sea1 ?\gh we "k t ^! h occurr$1 "o ( !m )9 ! human p]iod1 & x is idle to speculate z to _! rate or duration 9 ! abs5ce ( facts4 ,we "k pretty c]ta9ly1 h[ev]1 f ! gauges ( "t :i* c be appli$ to ! close ( ! glacial p]iod1 t ?is late/ subsid5ce mu/ h occurr$ )9 six ?\s& ye>s ( our "t4 ,) ref]5ce to ! p>ticul> movem5t 9 "q1 we "k t ! close ( ! palan?ropic p]iod 0 accompani$ by a movem5t at lea/ equal to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! wide l&s ( ! second cont95tal p]iod & ! %runk5 dim5sions ( ! pres5t l&s4 ,besides ?is we f9d on ! surface ( ! l& mod]n rais$ bea*es1 deposits ( loess & plateau gravels1 intrusions ( mud into caves ( consid]able elevation1 & evid5ces1 z 9 ,sib]ia1 ( l>ge h]ds ( animals p]i%+ on elevat$ l&s on :i* !y seem to h tak5 refuge4#bf ,9 %ort1 no geological fact c be bett] e/abli%$ ?an ! po/-glacial subsid5ce4 #bf ,pre/wi*1 ',evid5ce ( ,subm]g5ce ( ,we/]n ,europe1' ,trans4 ,royal ,society1 #ahic2 ',possible ,cause = ! ,orig9 ( ! ,tradition ( ! ,flood1' ,trans4 ,vict4 ,in/41 #ahid2 ,dawk9s1 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/41 ,febru>y #ahid4 ,k+smill & ,sk]t*ly 7,nature1 ,novemb] #aj1 #ahib7 report ! ,asiatic loess to be m>9e1 & to ext5d f> upw>d on ! ,caspian pla9 & ! ,pamirs1 s t all ,asia mu/ h be5 subm]g$ )9 a v rec5t p]iod4 ,see also ,fossil ,man1 by ! au?or1 #ahhj4 ,putt+ ^! facts toge!r1 we _c d\bt t ! subm]g5ce at ! close ( ! palan?ropic age 0 v consid]able1 & t x 0 foll[$ by a p>tial re-em]g5ce4 ,fur!r1 !re is no evid5ce ( any s]i\s fractures or fold+ ( ! cru/ tak+ place at ! "t1 ?\gh x is possible t great lava ejections l "s ( ^? ( ,we/]n ,am]ica may belong to ?is p]iod4 ,x is !re=e all[able to suppose t ! cause ( subm]g5ce may h be5 ei!r depression ( ! l&1 or elevation ( ! b$ ( ! ocean ?r[+ its wat]s ov] ! l&1 or possibly a comb9ation ( bo?4 ,movem5ts ( ^! k9ds h recurr$ aga9 & aga9 9 geological "t4 ,_! causes are my/]i\s1 b _! effects h be5 ( ! mo/ /up5d\s "*4 ,=tunately1 !y occur at r>e int]vals1 & t to :i* we are n[ ref]r+ is ! la/ ( :i* we h any record1 & diff]s f all o!rs 9 hav+ occurr$ at a "t :5 man 0 widely spread ov] ! _w4 ,! geological *ronomet]s already ref]r$ to in=m u t ! l& ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e rose f ! great plei/oc5e subm]g5ce ab\t eight ?\s& to t5 ?\s& ye>s ago1 & ! second cont95tal p]iod ) its =e/s & its teem+ & widely-ext5d$ animal & human life1 may h be5 e/abli%$ )9 two ?\s& ye>s ( t "t1 or say six ?\s& to eight ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,h[ long ! second cont95tal or palan?ropic p]iod cont9u$ intact we d n "k1 b we c sc>cely all[ x less ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,p]haps x 0 consid]ably long]4 ,n[ on hi/orical evid5ce produc$ by ,egypt1 ,*aldea1 & o!r anci5t c\ntries 9 ! ,m$it]ranean region1 we c trace ! nean?ropic age cont9u\sly back to1 say1 ?ree ?\s& ye>s ,b4,c41 or ne>ly five ?\s& ye>s 9 all4 ,add+ to ?is two ?\s& ye>s = ! palan?ropic age1 we are c>ri$ back to a "t )9 "o ?\s& ye>s ( ! e>lie/ we c assign on geological gr\nds to ! t]m9ation ( ! great glacial p]iod4 ,!re=e1 unless we suppose ! la/ cont95tal subsid5ce to h begun "s "t be=e ! close ( ! palan?ropic age1 & to h cont9u$ to "s degree into ! beg9n+ ( ! nean?ropic1 we _c assign to x a v long "t4 ,t x c\ld n h be5 sudd5 9 ! s5se ( be+ in/antane\s is evid5t1 because 9 t case t]re/rial d5udation ( a /up5d\s "* mu/ h ensu$1 & no animal life except t ( m\nta9 tops & elevat$ table-l&s c\ld h escap$ its de/ructive effects1 b t x 0 by no means secul> or long-cont9u$ is c]ta94 ,?us we seem %ut up to ! conclusion t ! close ( ! palan?ropic age 0 m>k$ by great geological vicissitudes ( ! "* ( subm]g5ce1 lead+ prim>ily to va/ de/ruction ( animal life1 & second>ily to p]man5t *anges bo? 9 geography & climate1 "u :i* new conditions ! nean?ropic age 0 inaugurat$4 ,h[ ?is took place we h to inquire 9 ! sequel4 ,9 ! meantime we may m]ely rem>k t s9ce ! two pr9cipal races ( primitive m5 kn[n to u 9 ,europe seem to h p]i%$1 we mu/ inf] t individuals ( a ?ird race beyond ! limits ( ,europe 7 de/9$ to survive1 & aga9 to repl5i% ! e>? 9 ! new era1 & t possibly ^! may be repres5t$ by ! solit>y ,tru*re skull4 ,9 ! case ( _m ( ! m bulky & unwieldy animals inhabit+ ! pla9s ! case 0 diff]5t4 ,!y p]i%$1 or if any surviv$ ! subm]g5ce !y 7 unable to multiply "u ! new conditions4 ,desp]ate attempts h be5 made 9 ! int]e/s ( extreme uni=mit>ianism to discr$it ! abrupt *ange f palocosmic to neocosmic m54 ,x has be5 suppos$ t ! latt] replac$ ! =m] z conqu]ors--a mo/ unlikely !ory1 :5 _! relative p[]s are consid]$4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t z ! cold decreas$ ! old races ( m5 foll[$ ! re9de] to ! nor? & became ,arctic peoples4 ,b :y did !y n r attack ! new animals1 :i* 9 t case mu/ h come 9 f ! s\?8 ,x has ev5 be5 suppos$ t ! ,esquimaux may be _! desc5dants2 b !y are q diff]5t 9 physical *>act]s1 & h no ne>] resemblance 9 _! arts ?an o!r rude peoples4 ,9 opposition to all ?is we h n only ! rem>kable *ange 9 ! races ( m5 & 9 _! animal associates1 b :5 we "k t ! :ole geographical features ( our cont95ts h *ang$ s9ce ! palan?ropic age1 & t n only are our cont95ts r$uc$ 9 size s9ce ! cont95tal po/-glacial p]iod1 b t !re is evid5ce ( re-elevation z well z subsid5ce1 & ?is )9 a %ort p]iod--say eight ?\s& ye>s less ! hi/oric p]iod on ! "o h& & ! e>ly palan?ropic on ! o!r--x seems impossible to d\bt ! greatness & sudd5ness ( ! physical break t divides ! an?ropic age into two di/9ct portions4 ,all ?is may be held to be c]ta9ly kn[n z geological fact1 & x w\ld be folly to ov]look x 9 any discussions z to primitive man1 or 9 any comp>isons ( ! evid5ce af=d$ by 8 rema9s ) t ( e>ly human hi/ory or tradition4 ,b if man 0 a witness ( & suff]] 9 ?is great cata/rophe1 & if any m5 surviv$ x1 did !y pres]ve no tradition or memory ( su* a /up5d\s ev5t8 ,we may imag9e ?is to be possible4 ,! survivors may h belong$ to ! rude/ & mo/ isolat$ ( ! races ( m51 & may h _h no means ( kn[+ ! ext5t ( ! disa/] or ( pres]v+ its memory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y may h atta9$ to a suffici5t degree ( culture to h _h "s means ( p]petuat+ ! memory ( great ev5ts4 ,if s1 we may imag9e t ! great diluvial cataclysm :i* sep>ates ! human or an?ropic p]iod into two p>ts may h left an indelible m>k 9 ! hi/ory or tradition ( mank9d4 ,we %all inquire into ?is 9 ! sequel1 b mu/ fir/ consid] :at geological monum5ts rema9 ( ! e>ly nean?ropic age 9 ,europe4#bg #bg ,a valuable pap] by ,dawk9s ',on ! relation ( ! ,paloli?ic to ! ,neoli?ic ,p]iod1' rea*es me :5 correct+ ! pro( ( ?is volume4 7,repr9t f ,j\rnal ( ,an?ropological ,society1 ,febru>y #ahid47 ,9 ! meantime ,i may rem>k t1 if we take ! ,can/adt p to repres5t ! rud] tribes ( ! ant$iluvian ,ca9ites1 ! feebl] folk ( ,tru*re to repres5t ! ,se?ites1 & ! giant race ( ,cro-magnon & ,m5tone z ! equival5t ( ! 'mighty m5' or ,nephelim ( ,g5esis :o arose f ! mixture ( ! two orig9al /ocks1 we %all h a some:at exact p>allel betwe5 ! m5 ( ! caves & gravels & ^? we h s long be5 famili> ) 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,e>ly ,,nean?ropic ,,age ,!re has be5 mu* confusion among an?ropologi/s respect+ ! di/9ction ( ?is f ! prec$+ age4 ,! ,cro-magnon race has be5 class$ z nean?ropic1 & has be5 conf\nd$ ) a v dissimil> p :i* succe$$ x aft] an int]val ( "s duration4 ,! gap betwe5 ! disappe>ance ( ! e>li] race & ! arrival ( ! new] has ?us be5 ov]look$1 & no acc\nt has be5 tak5 ( ! great int]v5+ faunal & geographical *anges4 ,?is has aris5 f neglect+ or be+ unable to appreciate ! geological "p ( ! evid5ce2 & ! some:at lam5table result has be5 t x is difficult = ! ord9>y read] to arrive at any c]ta9ty1 9 ! mid/ ( conflict+ /atem5ts all bas$ on imp]fect data4 ,9 ^! circum/ances x w be well to beg9 ?is *apt] ) "s examples ( ! relations ( ^! diff]5t races4 ,at ,gr5elle1 ne> ,p>is1 on ! riv] ,se9e1 !re is a succession ( old inundation b$s ( t riv]1 ext5d+ f ! olde/ "p ( ! an?ropic to mod]n times1 & furni%+ :at may be reg>d$ z a *ronological s]ies = ,nor!rn ,france1 z _m human rema9s h be5 f "t to "t deposit$ on ?is old eddy ( ! ,se9e & buri$ "u new] accumulations4 ,belgr& has %[n t 9 ! l[e/ gravels ( ?is deposit ! long-head$ ,can/adt man is alone f\nd4 ,imm$iately above ?is occur rema9s ( ! ,cro-magnon type1 & ^! are associat$ ) & ov]la9 by b$s hold+ l>ge /ones or erratic blocks1 a monum5t p]haps ( ! physical di/urbances clos+ ! palan?ropic age4 ,above ^! ! next rema9s are ^? ( a race ( m5 ( small] /ature & ) less elongat$ heads1 :i* we %all f9d belong to ! nean?ropic age4 ,"h1 z ,quatrefages po9ts out1 we h a di/9ct /ratigraphical succession1 :i* accords ) t 9 o!r localities4 ,if we n[ turn to ,engl& we may select f o!r examples ! ,cresswell caves1 s c>efully explor$ by ,dawk9s & ,mello1 & 9 :i* we h well-asc]ta9$ evid5ce f fossils z well z f sup]position4 ,)\t go+ into ! details z to ! sev]al *amb]s & passages 9 ^! cav]ns1 we f9d z ! result ( ! :ole ! foll[+ succession 9 asc5d+ ord]3 #a4 ,:ite calc>e\s s&1 a deposit f wat]1 b ) no animal rema9s4 #b4 ,/iff r$ clay ) blocks ( lime/one1 & 9 places und]laid by a f]rug9\s s&4 ,^! b$s1 ( :i* ! r$ clay is ! pr9cipal1 conta9 bones ( rh9oc]os leptorh9us1 hippopotamus1 bison1 be>1 hy5a & fox1 b no human rema9s4 ,dawk9s1 h[ev]1 %[s t 9 o!r caves f>!r s\? "s rude fl9t implem5ts %[ t man _h already appe>$ 9 ,engl&1 ?\gh he may n h made 8 way z f> nor? z ,york%ire4 #c4 ,above ?is lies a /ratum ( r$ s&y cave e>?1 9 :i* occur ! bones ( ! mammo? & ! woolly rh9oc]os1 ! horse1 ! bison1 ! be>1 & ! hy5a1 b ! leptorh9e rh9oc]os is gone4 ,! bones are gnaw$ by hy5as1 & !re are rude qu>tzite implem5ts4 ,ov] ?is1 & repres5t+ ! lat] "p ( ! palan?ropic age1 correspond+ to "s ( ! ,fr5*1 ,belgian1 & ,lebanon caves1 are an upp] cave e>? & breccia1 ri* 9 'paloli?ic' fl9t implem5ts & bones ( ! animals ( ! mammo? age4 #d4 ,above ?is1 9 ! surface soil & di/urb$ portions ( ! und]ly+ b$s1 are rema9s ( ! nean?ropic p]iod1 includ+ twelve species ( mod]n animals1 b ) no trace ( ! great ext9ct quadrup$s4 ,connect$ ) ^! 7 human skulls ( ! same type f\nd 9 ! anci5t burial b>r[s ( ,engl&1 & belong+ to races /ill extant4 ,! ,cresswell caves give no bones ( palocosmic m51 b !y v well %[ ! succession ( ! e>ly p]iod ( mild climate1 ! lat] sev]e climate1 ! ext9ction ( ! old animals contempor>y ) ! e>lie/ m51 & ! f9al succession ( mod]n m5 & animals to ! n[ insul> ,brita91 :i*1 9 ! times repres5t$ by ! b$s "o1 two1 & ?ree above m5tion$1 0 a "p ( ! ma9l& ( ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fl9t ,,flakes ,,( ,,two ,,types ,,f ,,palan?ropic ,,& ,,nean?ropic ,,caves ,,9 ,,! ,,lebanon ,b p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ views ( ! succession ( e>ly m5 & ! gap betwe5 ! palan?ropic & nean?ropic p]iods are pres5t$ by ! ,belgian caves explor$ by ,s*m]l+ & ,dupont4 ,! latt] has excavat$ m ?an sixty cav]ns1 & has c>efully not$ ! mode ( occurr5ce ( _! cont5ts1 collect+ at ! same "t a va/ numb] ( bones & implem5ts1 n[ admirably arrang$ 9 ! museum ( ,brussels4 ,9 ,belgium ! e>li] an?ropic p]iod has be5 *>act]is$ z t ( ! mammo?4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! nean?ropic is /ill a re9de] age1 ?\gh t animal 0 app>5tly becom+ r>e4 ,x exi/$1 z we "k1 9 ,c5tral ,europe till ! "t ( ,cs>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re/oration ,,( ,,! ,,sepul*ral ,,cave ,,( ,,frontal1 ,,belgium 7aft] ,dupont7 #a4 & #b4 ,gravel & clay ( mammo? age4 #c4 ,surface ( mod]n accumulation ( angul> /ones & clay4 7,d7 ,slab clos+ ! sepul*re4 7,s7 ,plat=m = fun]al fea/s4 7,f7 ,he>?4 7,r7 ,rock =m+ ! walls ( ! cav]n4 ,! caves ( ,furfooz1 & especially t ( ,frontal1 are among ! mo/ in/ructive4 ,dupont has f\nd t 9 _m caves ! old] rema9s ( ! mammo? age are conta9$ 9 or cov]$ by a diluvial or inundation mud1#bh :i* seems to be ! clos+ deposit ( ?is age4 ,n[ 9 ! ,frontal cave ?is mud rema9$ undi/urb$ & ext5d$ out into a plat=m 9 front ( ! cave4 ,! cave itself _h be5 us$ z a place ( burial1 & z _m z sixte5 skeletons 7 f\nd 9 x1 ) fl9t implem5ts1 p]=at$ %ells1 flat pieces ( s&/one ) sket*es ( figures scrat*$ on !m1 & an e>!n vase4 ,all ^! lay above ! orig9al palan?ropic mud floor1 & belong$ to new tribes :i* probably knew no?+ ( _! pr$ecessors1 ^: bones 7 cov]$ by ! inundation mud bel[4 ,on ! plat=m 9 front ( ! cave 0 a he>? ) ! a%es ( fun]al fea/s1 & ar\nd ?is 7 f\nd a multitude ( bones ( animals1 ( ! mod]n species ( ! c\ntry4 ,! p :o us$ ?is cave z a sepul*re _h evid5tly arriv$ 9 ,belgium aft] ! palocosmic m5 & ! mammo? 7 n only ext9ct1 b _! rema9s 7 buri$ 9 muddy deposits2 ?\gh ! re9de] & ev5 ! wild horse /ill exi/$1 & ! "t 0 long be=e ! dawn ( any au!ntic hi/ory 9 t "p ( ! _w4 ,^! m5 h some:at %ort] heads ?an ! old ,cro-magnon race1 & !y are ( small] /ature1 & ) f9] & m delicate features4 ,9 ^! respects !y resemble ! m5 ( ! dolm5s & long b>r[s ( ,france & ,engl&1 & ! exi/+ ,auv]gnats & ,basques1 & also ! ,lapps ( ! f> nor?4 ,dupont obs]ves t _! mat]ials = implem5ts & ornam5ts came almo/ entirely f regions to ! s\?w>d1 & h5ce he inf]s comm]ce ) tribes 9 t direction & ! exi/5ce ( enemies 9 ! nor?4 ,i %\ld r inf] t ! m5 ( ,frontal _h immigrat$ into ,belgium f ! s\?1 & t !y 7 a small & poor outly+ tribe ( a great] p liv+ s\? ( !m4 ,dupont also rem>ks on _! evid5t c>e ( ! dead1 a *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly neocosmic m51 _! belief 9 a future life1 & ! abs5ce ( w>like weapons1 :5ce he inf]s t !y 7 a mild & pacific race--a conclusion :i* makes aga9/ ! idea ent]ta9$ by "s1 t !y may h displac$ ! =midable palocosmic m5 by conque/4 #bh ,sometimes ) angul> /ones--argile blocaux4 ,simil> illu/rations are af=d$ by ! caves & rock-%elt]s ( ,france1 ,switz]l&1 & ,syria1 & h conv9c$ _m ( ! able/ ar*ologi/s ( ! exi/5ce ( a decid$ break betwe5 ! palan?ropic & nean?ropic ages4 ,9 su* a case also x is to be obs]v$ t a few decid$1 positive facts are ( m value ?an any numb] ( examples 9 :i*1 f local circum/ances1 ! succession may be obscure or unc]ta94 ,! above examples relate to ! m5 ( ! old] nean?ropic age1 ! m5 ( ! s-call$ neoli?ic or poli%$ /one age ( ar*ologi/s4 ,^! m5 c be %[n to be id5tical ) ! olde/ populations ( po/diluvian ,europe1 peoples ^: desc5dants exi/ to-day 9 _m p>ts ( ,we/]n ,europe1 ?\gh !y h be5 m or less displac$ or mix$ ) lat] intrusive races4 ,^! p h gone on )\t any physical cataclysm1 or *ange ( fauna1 or geographical or climatal *anges ( any magnitude1 into ! ages ( bronze & iron & ( ! mod]n civilisation4 ,?us1 :ile ! palocosmic m5 pass$ away abruptly & h left no c]ta9 successors1 ^? :o succe$$ !m pass on )\t a break into ! exi/+ populations ( ! _w4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 "h gu>d ourselves f a misconception :i* has app>5tly unconsci\sly deceiv$ _m writ]s on ?is subject4 ,x by no means foll[s f ! facts insi/$ on above t !re are no direct l9ks ( connection betwe5 palocosmic & neocosmic m54 ,! ance/ors ( ! latt] mu/ h exi/$ ?r\gh ! palan?ropic p]iod1 & :]ev] !y 7 liv+ !y may h _h ! same *>act]s :i* di/+ui% !m at a lat] "t1 & :i* p]si/ to ?is day4 ,!re w\ld !re=e be no?+ contradictory to our g5]al view 9 f9d+ t ! small1 f9e-featur$ m5 :o succe$$ ! giants ( ! old5 "t 7 9 "s m g5ial p>ts ( ! _w extant f ! fir/4 ,nay1 x may ev5 appe> t !y 7 simil> to ! ,tru*re race1 & t /ill m primitive p ^: bones are yet unkn[n1 & :o inhabit$ ,europe 9 ! e>ly mild p]iod prec$+ ! mammo? age4 ,nei!r is !re any?+ anomal\s 9 ! occasional reappe>ance ( *>act]s simil> to ^? ev5 ( ! ,can/adt race at ! pres5t "t1 n because any mod]n m5 are direct desc5dants ( ?is race1 b because "u c]ta9 conditions ^! *>act]s t5d to be reproduc$4 ,let u put ! case conjecturally z foll[s3 ,! orig9al m5 :o peopl$ ! nor!rn cont95ts aft] ! fir/ glacial p]iod 7 ( small /ature1 agile1 & well =m$1 ) mild & pleas+ c\nt5ance & heads ( ! m$ium 7mesitocephalic7 type4 ,!y 7 dwell]s 9 a w>m climate & subsi/$ on fruits4 ,z population increas$ & m5 became hunt]s & fi%]m51 & w&]$ widely ov] ! _w1 a l>ge-bon$1 co>se-featur$1 & savage type ( man arose1 su* z we f9d 9 ! old] caves & gravels1 & weapons ( k9ds n ne$$ 9 primitive times 7 inv5t$4 ,9 ?is /ate ( affairs1 :5 ! co>s] & /rong] races _h made !mselves ma/]s ( ! _w1 & _h p]haps p>tially int]mix$ ) ! old] & m peaceful peoples1 a great diluvial cata/rophe occurr$1 :i* swept away ! great] "p ( m54 ,! survivors 7 ( ! old & unmodifi$ /ock1 & x 0 !y :o repeopl$ ! new _w1 f9d+ possibly "h & !re "s survivors ( ! =m] population1 or !mselves locally relaps+ into a simil> /ate4 ,9 ?is case all ! seem+ p>adoxes & contradictions :i* h p]plex$ ar*ologi/s w\ld be easily expla9$4 ,we might ev5 f9d occasional captives ( ! primitive small race among ! int]m5ts ( ! old giants1 & we might f9d new races ( sup]ior physical p[] aris+ 9 ! new _w & aga9 intrud+ on ! feebl] race4 ,9 clos+ our notice ( ?is p]iod we may proce$ to connect x ) actual hi/ory 9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,:5 ! ,romans invad$ ,brita9 !y f\nd 9 x two races ( m5 physically v di/9ct1 "o ( !m ! aborig9es1 :o _h made _! way to ! isl& z its fir/ population aft] ! close ( ! mammo? age1 ! o!rs app>5tly a lat] intrusion4 ,!y are kn[n to ,engli% antiqu>ies f _! modes ( burial z ! m5 ( ! long & ! r\nd b>r[s or fun]al m\nds4 ,! fir/ ( ^! are beyond d\bt ! k9sm5 ( our little m5 ( ! ,tr\ de ,frontal1 9 ,belgium4 ,!y are ?us describ$ by ,gre5well & ,taylor#bi3 #bi ,gre5well1 ,briti% ,b>r[s2 ,taylor1 ,orig9 ( ! ,aryans4 ,!y 7 ( feeble build1 %ort /ature1 d>k complexion1 & some:at long skull4 ,!y buri$ _! dead 9 long b>r[s or m\nds ) int]ior *amb]s & passages2 "s ( ^! are z mu* z #djj feet 9 l5g?1 & resemble artificial caves2 & !re c be no d\bt t1 z 9 ,belgium1 !y buri$ _! dead 9 caves :5 ^! 7 accessible2 & ! labori\s con/ruction ( ! long b>r[s :5 caves fail$ is an indication ( ! great importance !y atta*$ to ! secure & dec5t sepulture ( ! dead4 ,no trace ( metal is f\nd 9 _! b>r[s1 & b little pott]y1 b x is believ$ t !y _h at a v e>ly "t dome/icat$ %eep & cattle & practis$ agriculture4 ,^! p are n[ id5tifi$ ) ! p ( ! s\? & we/ ( ,engl&1 call$ by ! ,romans ,silures4 ,!y 7 ! build]s ( ! cromle*s1 dolm5s1 & o!r megali?ic /ructures s common 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! old cont95t4 ,_! type survives to ?is day 9 ! small d>k p ( p>ts ( ,wales & ! s\? & we/ ( ,irel&1 & 9 p>ts ( ! ,hebrides4 ,_! physical *>act]s connect !m ) ! primitive populations ( ! hills ( ,c5tral ,france1 ) ! ,basques ( ! ,pyr5ees1 ! ,corsicans1 ! ,b]b]s ( ,africa1 & ! ,guan*es ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 & ! t]m ,ib]ian has be5 appli$ to ! :ole gr\p4 ,_! language 0 orig9ally n ,aryan1 b ,turanian4 ,!y repres5t n m]ely a new race /ill surviv+1 b a di/9ct advance 9 practical civilisation ov] t ( ! peoples ( ! palan?ropic age1 9 ,europe at lea/4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,roman conque/ ?is primitive race _h be5 replac$ 9 ! ea/ ( ,engl& & s\? ( ,scotl& by a :olly diff]5t p1 suppos$ to be id5tical ) ! ,celt ( ! ,romans4 ,!y 7 tall1 muscul>1 ) broad] & %ort] heads1 fair complexion1 & light-col\r$ hair4 ,!y buri$ _! dead 9 r\nd b>r[s or m\nds1 & seem at a v e>ly p]iod to h possess$ bronze1 & s to h introduc$ :at has be5 t]m$ ! bronze age into ,brita94 ,at ! "t ( ! ,roman invasion1 h[ev]1 !y already possess$ iron weapons4 ,^! p 7 ,aryan 9 spee*1 alli$ to ! ,gauls & ,belg1 & ! ance/ors ( ! s-call$ ,celtic populations ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cromle* ,,at ,,fontanaccia1 ,,corsica 7aft] ,de ,mortillet7 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,palan?ropic ,,age ,,9 ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,hi/ory ,! "t 0 :5 ! e>li] books ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures /ood almo/ alone 9 _! notices ( ! creation & ant$iluvian times1 & :5 critics c\ld quietly take = grant$ t !y 7 altoge!r my?ical4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s has n[ pass$ away f ! m9ds ( ! bett] in=m$1 & x may be pr(itable be=e proce$+ f>!r to glance = a mom5t at "s ( ! rec5t corroborations1 if !y may be s call$1 ( ! ,bible hi/ory f altoge!r unexpect$ qu>t]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re c n[ be no d\bt t ! ord] ( creation1 z reveal$ to ! au?or ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis1 corresponds ) ! results ( a/ronomical & geological rese>* 9 a mann] :i* _c be accid5tal4#cj ,?is old docum5t ?us /&s 9 ! position ( a prophecy :i* has be5 fulfill$ 9 its details4 ,besides ?is1 ! discov]y ( ! simil> ?\gh n id5tical ,*aldean creation tablets ?r[s a rem>kable & int]e/+ side-light on ! :ole "q4 ,! ,*aldean tablets are unque/ionably v anci5t1 & borr[$ f /ill old] docum5ts f :i* !y are alleg$ to h be5 copi$4 ,b !y & ! ,g5esis n>rative are indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,nei!r c h be5 copi$ f ! o!r4 ,?us !re mu/ h be5 a /ill m anci5t common s\rce ( ! n>rative1 &1 z ,i h else:]e urg$1#ca ! great] simplicity & mono!i/ic "* ( ! ,hebrew docum5t entitle x to ! palm ( ! high] antiquity4 #cj ,= evid5ce ( ?is ,i may be p]mitt$ to ref] to my "w1 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,_w4 #ca ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s4 ,) ref]5ce to ! ant$iluvian age & ! ,deluge1 :ile ! ,bible is "h only 9 accord ) almo/ univ]sal tradition1 & ?is 9 ref]5ce to an ev5t :i* if x occurr$ at all mu/ h fix$ itself 9 ! memory ( ! survivors1 x is 9 rem>kable accordance ) v anci5t ,*aldean writ+s commemorative ( ! same ev5t4 ,"s pr9cipal po9ts ( ?is accordance are ! foll[+4 ,! ,*aldean acc\nt implies t ! ang] ( ! gods1 or "s ( !m1 aga9/ an evil race ( m5 0 ! cause ( ! cata/rophe4 ,x gives x a univ]sal "*1 s f> z ! sph]e ( obs]vation ext5d$4 ,x repres5ts ! survivors z sav$ 9 a %ip or ark4 ,x repres5ts ,hasisadra1 its ,noah1 z s5d+ out birds to asc]ta9 ! subsid5ce ( ! wat]s4 ,9 all ^! po9ts & _m o!rs ! ,*aldean acc\nt agrees ) ! ,biblical 9 repres5t+ ant$iluvian m51 or "s ( !m1 z civilis$1 possess+ dome/ic animals1 & compet5t to con/ruct l>ge %ips4 ,:5 we leave ! ,deluge & come to ! po/diluvian or nean?ropic p]iod1 simil> co9cid5ces occur4 ,! f\ndation ( a primitive ,cu%ite or ,akkadian k+dom 9 ! ,euphratean valley1 ! disp]sion ( m5 accord+ to _! families & _! languages1 ! e>ly k+doms contempor>y ) ,abraham1 m5tion$ 9 ! n>rative ( 8 campaign to recov] ! captives tak5 f ! cities ( ! pla91 ! extremely e>ly use ( ! arr[-head$ *>act]s 9 ,asia1 ( ! hi]oglyphic writ+ 9 ,egypt1 & ( a proto-,phnician or e>ly ,hebrew alphabet among ! ,m9eans ( anci5t ,arabia1 t5d at once to v9dicate ! ,bible hi/ory1 & to %[ h[ at a v e>ly p]iod ?is hi/ory may h be5 r5d]$ p]man5t 9 writt5 docum5ts4 ,on all ^! gr\nds sci5tific ar*ologi/s are beg9n+ to atta* m value ?an =m]ly to ! ,hebrew annals1 & to recognise !m z true hi/orical acc\nts ( ! times to :i* !y relate4 ,x may seem ra% to make su* a /atem5t at a "t :5 x is well kn[n t _m div9es ( repute av[ !mselves z believ]s 9 ! !ory t ! e>li] ,biblical books are ( comp>atively late composition4 ,b ,sci5ce w h h] way 9 a matt] ( ?is k9d1 :atev] lit]ature or criticism may say1 & %e is beg9n+ /rongly to lift h] voice aga9/ ! de/ructive criticism ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,9 a rec5t article1 ,pr(essor ,sayce1 "o ( ! be/-in=m$ exp]ts 9 ^! subjects1 uses ! foll[+ language3 ',naturally1 ! high] criticism is dis9cl9$ to see its assumptions swept away along ) ! conclusions :i* are bas$ ^u !m1 & to sit humbly at ! feet ( ! new] sci5ce4 ,at fir/1 ! results ( ,egyptian or ,assyrian rese>* 7 ignor$2 !n !y 7 reluctantly admitt$1 s f> z !y did n cla% ) ! preconceiv$ op9ions ( ! high] critics4 ,x 0 urg$1 un=tunately ) too mu* ju/ice1 t ! deciph]]s 7 n1 z a rule1 tra9$ critics1 & t 9 ! en?usiasm ( rese>* !y (t5 ann\nc$ discov]ies :i* prov$ to be false or only p>tially correct4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$1 on ! o!r side1 t ?is *>ge applies ) equal =ce to all progressive /udies1 n exclud+ ! high] criticism itself4 ',! "t is n[ come = confront+ ! conclusions ( ! high] criticism1 s f> z x applies to ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ) ! asc]ta9$ results ( mod]n ,ori5tal rese>*4 ,! am\nt ( c]ta9 k n[ possess$ by ! ,egyptologi/ & ,assyriologi/ w\ld be surpris+ to ^? :o are n speciali/s 9 ^! bran*es ( /udy1 :ile ! discov]y ( ! ,tel-el-,am>na tablets has p\r$ a flood ( light ^u ! anci5t _w1 :i* is at once />tl+ & revolution>y4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,greek hi/ory1 s too 9 t ( ,israeliti% hi/ory1 ! p]iod ( critical demolition is at an end1 & x is "t = ! ar*ologi/ to recon/ruct ! fall5 edifice4 ',b ! v ^w recon/ruct implies t :at is built aga9 w n be exactly t :i* exi/$ be=e4 ,x implies t ! "w ( ! high] criticism has n be5 9 va92 on ! contr>y1 ! "w x has p]=m$ has be5 a v ne$ful & important "o1 & 9 its own sph]e has help$ u to ! discov]y ( ! tru?4 ,egyptian or ,assyrian rese>* has n corroborat$ e hi/orical /atem5t :i* we f9d 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 any m ?an classical ar*ology has corroborat$ e /atem5t :i* we f9d 9 ! ,greek writ]s2 :at x has done has be5 to %[ t ! extreme scepticism ( mod]n criticism is n ju/ifi$1 t ! mat]ials on :i* ! hi/ory ( ,israel has be5 bas$ may1 & probably d1 g back to an e>ly date1 & t mu* :i* ! high] critics h decl>$ to be my?ical & impossible 0 really possible & true4' ,9 po9t ( fact a mu* /rong] position might be held 9 fav\r ( ,g5esis1 & we %all f9d 9 comp>+ x ) ! monum5ts ( ! palan?ropic & e>ly nean?ropic ages t its /atem5ts v9dicate !mselves z d]iv$ f orig9al contempor>y docum5ts1 :i* 7 "u no obligations to ! lit]ature or philosophy ( ^? lat] times1 to :i* !y h be5 relegat$ by "s ( ! critics4 ,let u inquire a little m 9 detail into ! g5]al features ( ^! e>ly hi/oric notices4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is inquiry we may cont5t ourselves ) ! consid]ation ( ! anci5t ,hebrew docum5ts incorporat$ 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 & ! rema9s :i* h be5 pres]v$ ( ! old ,*aldean lit]ature4 ,bo? ( ^! repres5t an ant$iluvian p]iod ( long duration4#cb ,bo? ref] ! primitive seats ( population to ! ,euphratean region ( ,we/]n ,asia4 ,bo? t]m9ate ! ant$iluvian age ) a great diluvial cata/rophe4 ,^! are suffici5t po9ts ( g5]al agreem5t to make x probable t bo? orig9at$ 9 "o fundam5tal hi/ory1 or at lea/ 7 bas$ on attempts to describe ! same ev5ts4 ,o!rwise !re are great diff]5ces4 ,! ,*aldean acc\nts h a prolix it]ation1 :i* makes x probable t !y 7 prep>$ = popul> & liturgic use1 & may n fairly repres5t ! orig9al docum5ts 9 possession ( ! prie/ly class4 ,!y also naturally introduce all ! p]sonnel ( ! ,*aldean pan!on1 & z ?is mu/ h be5 a ?+ ( gradual gr[? x gives !m an air ( rec5cy1 ?\gh we "k t !y are v old4 ,! ,hebrew v]sion1 on ! o!r h&1 is mono!i/ic1 & has an aspect ( sev]e simplicity 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! florid & popul> ,*aldean v]sion4 #cb ,hommel has prov$ 7,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*ology1 #ahic71 :at has always be5 suspect$1 t ! t5 patri>*s ( ,b]osus are ! same ) ^? ( ! ,se?ite l9e 9 ,g5esis4 ,we may fir/ notice :at hi/ory c tell ( ! palan?ropic age1 suppos+ ?is to be ! same ) t hi/orically kn[n z ant$iluvian4 ,! acc\nt ( creation 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis is altoge!r g5]al1 & has no local col\r+4 ,x evid5tly ref]s to ! :ole hi/ory ( ! mak+ ( ! e>?4 ,! second *apt]1 on ! o!r h&1 beg9s at v]se #d ! special hi/ory ( man1 & op5s ) a picture :i* is n1 z "s h ra%ly suppos$1 a repetition ( ! previ\s g5]al acc\nt ( creation1 & /ill less contradictory to x1 b a /atem5t t imm$iately be=e ! introduction ( man ! e>? _h be5 9 a desolate & comp>atively unt5ant$ /ate1 t /ate to :i* we "k x _h be5 r$uc$ by ! glacial cold & subm]g5ce4 ,?us ! two acc\nts ( ! creation ( man1 t 9 :i* he appe>s 9 8 *ronological position 9 ! g5]al developm5t1 & t 9 :i* he takes a fir/ place1 z introductory to 8 special hi/ory1 are n contradictory1 b complem5t>y to ea* o!r2 & ! latt] ref]s :olly to man & ! creatures contempor>y ) him 9 ! palan?ropic age4 ,x is 9 accordance ) ?is1 & no d\bt int5d$ by ! editor to m>k ?is di/9ction1 t ! "n ,elohim is us$ 9 ! g5]al n>rative1 & ,jehovah ,elohim 9 ! special "o4 ,! failure ( s _m critics to notice ?is di/9ction1 :i* mu/ h be5 s pla9 to ! primitive hi/orian himself1 is a m>k$ illu/ration ( ! bl9dness ( c]ta9 n9ete5?-c5tury savants1 s full ( _! own special k1 yet s c>eless ( sci5ce & common s5se4 ,x w\ld ev5 seem t ?is di/9ction appe>$ 9 ! ,*aldean ,g5esis z well2 = fragm5ts ( :at has be5 call$ a second ,*aldean ,g5esis h be5 f\nd :i* seem to correspond ) ! /atem5ts ( ! second *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ?is second ,*aldean or ,akkadian ,g5esis z translat$ by ,p9*es3#cc #a ,! glori\s h\se1 ! h\se ( ! gods1 9 a glori\s place _h n be5 made2 #b ,a plant _h n be5 br\ght =?1 a tree _h n be5 creat$2 #c ,a brick _h n be5 laid1 a beam _h n be5 %ap$2 #d ,a h\se _h n be5 built1 a city _h n be5 con/ruct$2 #e ,a city _h n be5 made1 a f\ndation _h n be5 made glori\s2 #f ,niff] _h n be5 built1 -kura _h n be5 con/ruct$2 #g ,ere* _h n be5 built1 -ana _h n be5 con/ruct$2 #h ,! ,abyss _h n be5 made1 -ridu _h n be5 con/ruct$2 #i 7,z =7 ! glori\s h\se1 ! h\se ( ! gods1 its seat _h n be5 made-- #aj ,! :ole ( ! l&s 7 sea4 #cc ,expository ,times1 ,decemb] #ahib ,?is may be suppos$ to correspond ) ! ,hebrew v]ses foll[+3 ,& no plant ( ! field 0 yet 9 ! e>?4 ,& no h]b ( ! field _h yet sprung up4 ,= ,jahveh ,elohim _h n caus$ x to ra9 on ! e>?4 ,& !re 0 n a man to till 7irrigate7 ! gr\nd4 ,& !re w5t up a vap\r f ! e>?1 & wat]$ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,?is is ! ,hebrew idea ( ! condition ( ! great ,mesopotamian pla9 aft] ! plei/oc5e subm]g5ce1 & be=e ! appe>ance ( man4 ,! ,*aldean v]sion ref]s to ! same region1 b is m elaborate & artificial1 & br+s 9 ! hi/oric cities ( a lat] "t4 ,?is diff]5ce alone w\ld induce u to suppose t ! ,hebrew record may be a bett] guide = our pres5t comp>ison4 ,! ,hebrew writ] 9 ! fir/ place gives u to und]/& t a p]iod ( comp>ative desolation prec$$ ! appe>ance ( man1 a great w9t] ( de/ruction prep>atory to a return+ spr+4 ,he !n proce$s to localise primeval man by plac+ him 9 ,ed51 ! ,id9u ( ! ,*aldean acc\nts1 :i* we also recognise by ! geographical indications ( ! ,euphrates & ,tigris z its riv]s1 ) two companion /reams :i* c sc>cely be o!r ?an ! ,k>un & ! ,k]khat4 ,?us ! ,bible & ! ,*aldean acc\nt agree 9 _! locality = ! adv5t ( man1 = ,id9u 0 ! anci5t "n ( ! pla9 ( ,babylonia4 ,x has be5 object$ to ?is locality t mu* ( ?is region is l[ & swampy1 & has only rec5tly become l& by ! encroa*m5t ( ! riv]s on ! head ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,b if our ,biblical au?ority really ref]s to palan?ropic man1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t 9 ! po/-glacial p]iod ! cont95ts 7 high] ?an n[1 & ! ,babylonian pla9 mu/ h be5 a dry & elevat$ di/rict1 9 all probability =e/-clad4 ,we mu/ also be> 9 m9d t ,ed5 0 a region ( c\ntry1 & t ! 'g>d5' or select$ spot 'ea/w>d 9 ,ed5' may h be5 "s ri* wood$ isl& surr\nd$ by ! riv] /reams1 & produc+ all fruits pleasant to ! ta/e & good = food4 ,9 any case ! mod]n objections to ! site are bas$ on entire ignorance ( its geological hi/ory1 & only s]ve to %[ h[ mu* bett] in=m$ ! anci5t writ] 0 z to ant$iluvian geography ?an 8 mod]n critics4#cd #cd ,see1 = full discussion ( ?is1 ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 by ! au?or4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t ?is ,biblical environm5t ( primitive man corresponds ) ! requirem5ts ( ! case4 ,9 a g5ial climate & %elt]$ position1 & suppli$ ) abundance ( food1 ! fir/ m5 w\ld h ! conditions necess>y = com=table exi/5ce & = multiply+ 9 numb]s4 ,we h also 9 ! description ( "o ( ! riv]s ( ,ed5 a h9t z to a few ( ! wants ( e>ly man beyond m]e food & %elt]4 ,we are told t ! di/rict trav]s$ by ?is riv] produc$ gold1 b$ola*1 & ! %oham /one4 ,i h else:]e %[n t ?is riv] mu/ be ! ,k>un1 dra9+ ! ,luri/an m\nta9s1 & t ! productions indicat$ mu/ h be5 'native gold & silv]1 wampum beads1 & jade & simil> /ones suitable = implem5ts4'#ce ,?us we h "h a picture :i* may well repres5t ! orig9 & e>ly condition ( our palocosmic m54 ,b ! p>allel does n end "h4 #ce ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s4 ,accord+ to ! hi/ory1 man falls1 & is expell$ f ,ed51 is clo!d ) sk9s1 & becomes an eat] ( animal food4 ,next we f9d murd]\s viol5ce1 & a consequ5t sep>ation ( ! primitive p into two tribes1 "o ( :i* migrates to a di/ance f ! o!r & adopts diff]5t modes ( life4 ,f9ally1 we h a mixture ( ! two races1 lead+ to a p[]ful & t]rible race ( half-bre$s1 or metis1 :o fill$ ! e>? ) viol5ce4#cf #cf ,g5esis vi4 #a-f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,! ,,geographical ,,& ,,geological ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,site ,,( ,,ed5 ,,z ,,describ$ ,,9 ,,g5esis ,9 "o po9t only h we reason to d\bt :e!r ?is old hi/ory fairly repres5ts ! palan?ropic age4 ,x notes ! inv5tion ( musical in/rum5ts1 ! use ( metals1 ! dome/ication ( animals z already exi/+ 9 ! ant$iluvian p]iod4 ,( ^! we h little or no ar*ological evid5ce4 ,! only musical in/rum5t ( ?is p]iod kn[n is a :i/le made ( "o ( ! bones ( a de]'s foot1 & capable ( s\nd+ a tetra*ord or f\r notes1 & we h no c]ta9 evid5ce ( metals or dome/icat$ animals4 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d t !re may h be5 m civilis$ races ?an ^? ( ! ,cro-magnon type1 & t ! latt] ev9ce an arti/ic skill :i* if x _h any scope = developm5t may h l$ to great results4 ,! native metals mu/ h be5 kn[n to man f ! fir/1 ?\gh !y mu/ h be5 r>e or only locally common2 & _m semi-b>b>\s nations ( lat] times %[ u t x is only a %ort /ep f ! k ( native metals to ! art ( metallurgy1 9 s f> z x consi/s 9 treat+ ^? ores t 9 weight & metallic lu/re mo/ resemble ! metals !mselves4 ,x is also des]v+ ( notice t no o!r hypo!sis ?an t ( ant$iluvian civilisation c acc\nt = ! fact t 9 ! dawn ( po/diluvian hi/ory we f9d ! dwell]s by ! ,euphrates & ! ,nile already practis+ s _m ( ! arts ( civilis$ life4 ,9 connection ) ?is we may place ! e>ly dawn ( lit]ature4 ,)\t insi/+ on ! docum5ts :i* ! ,*aldean ,noah1 ,hasisadra1 is said to h hid at ,sipp>a be=e ! ,deluge1 we h ! kn[n fact t 9 ! e>lie/ dawn ( po/diluvian hi/ory ! art ( writ+ 0 kn[n 9 ,*aldea & 9 ,egypt4 ,?is at once te/ifies to ant$iluvian culture1 & %[s t ! means exi/$ to record important ev5ts4 ,!re is1 p]haps1 no "o ( ! vag>ies n[ curr5t "u ! mu* abus$ "n ( evolution m oppos$ to facts1 :e!r physical or hi/orical ?an ! notion t1 because #cjjj ye>s ,b4,c4 we h evid5ce ( an advanc$ civilisation 9 ,*aldea & 9 ,egypt1 ?is mu/ h be5 prec$$ by a long & un9t]rupt$ progress ?r\gh _m ?\s&s ( ye>s f a savage /ate4 ,two facts alone are suffici5t to %[ ! folly ( su* a supposition4 ,fir/1 ! int]v5tion ( t great physical cata/rophe :i* sep>ates ! palan?ropic & nean?ropic p]iods2 & secondly1 ! te/imony ( hi/ory 9 fav\r ( ! arts ( civilisation orig9at+ ) great inv5tors1 & n by any sl[ & gradual process ( evolution4 ,accord+ to all hi/ory1 sacr$ & pr(ane1 _m su* inv5tors exi/$ ev5 9 ! palan?ropic & e>ly nean?ropic ages1 & transmitt$ _! arts 9 an advanc$ /ate to lat] times4 ,! ,book ( ,g5esis te/ifies to ?is 9 its notices ( ,tubal ,ca9 & ,jubal2 & ! monum5ts ( ,*aldea & ,egypt %[ t metallurgy1 sculpture1 & ar*itecture 7 z f> advanc$ at ! v dawn ( hi/ory z 9 any lat] p]iod4 ,x is true t ,g5esis repres5ts its e>ly inv5tors z m]e m51 albeit 'sons ( ,god1' :ile !y (t5 appe> z gods or demi-gods 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! hea!n nations2 b ! fact rema9s t !n1 z n[1 ! r>e appe>ance ( ,god-giv5 inv5tive g5ius is ! sole cause ( ! great] advances 9 art & civilisation4 ,spontane\s developm5t may produce sociali/ic trades' unions or ,*9ese /agnation1 b great gifts1 :e!r ( prophecy1 ( song1 ( sci5tific insight1 or ( inv5tive p[]1 are ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty4 ,we h 9 ! clos+ "p ( ! ,bible /ory ( ! ant$iluvian age ev5 an intimation ( ! det]ioration ( climate & means ( subsi/5ce t[>ds ! end ( ! p]iod4 ,lame*1 we are told1 nam$ 8 son ,noah--re/ or com=t--9 ! hope t by 8 means he %\ld be com=t$1 because ( ! gr\nd :i* ! ,"l _h curs$4 ,t curse provok$ by ! sons ( man he may h recognis$ z fulfill$ 9 ! gradual det]ioration ( ! climate t[>d ! close ( ! palan?ropic age4 ,!re are "h surely "s curi\s co9cid5ces :i* might be foll[$ f>!r1 did space p]mit4 ,we n[ come to ! close ( ! :ole 9 ! ,deluge2 & z ?is has be5 made 9 our own "t ! subject ( mu* discussion1 & z x conta9s )9 itself ! :ole k]nel ( ! subject1 x m]its a sep>ate treatm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,deluge ,,( ,,noah ,to ! old] m5 ( ?is g5]ation1 :o h foll[$ ! *anges ( sci5tific & hi/orical op9ion1 ! /ory ( ! ,deluge1 old ?\gh x is1 has pass$ ?r\gh a v>iety ( phases l ! *anges ( a kaleidoscope1 & :i* may af=d an in/ructive illu/ration ( ! modifications ( belief 9 o!r1 & "s ( !m to u m important1 matt]s1 :e!r ( hi/ory or ( religion1 :i* h pres5t$ !mselves 9 l v>i$ aspects1 & may be v>i\sly view$ 9 ! future4 ,z *ildr5 we li/5$ ) awe & wond] to ! /ory ( ! wick$ ant$iluvians1 & ( _! t]rible fate & ! salvation ( righte\s ,noah1 & receiv$ a deep & abid+ impression ( ! enormity ( moral evil & ( ! j retribution ( ! ,great ,rul] ( ! ,univ]se4 ,a little lat]1 ?\gh ! idea t all ! fossil rema9s imb$d$ 9 ! rocks are memorials ( ! ,deluge _h pass$ away f ! m9ds ( ! bett] in=m$1 we read ) int]e/ ! wond]ful revelations ( ! bone-caves describ$ by ,buckl&1 & felt t ! ant$iluvian age _h become a sci5tific reality4 ,b lat] /ill all ?is seem$ to pass away l a dream4 ,"u ! guidance ( ,lyell we le>n$ t ev5 ! caves & gravels mu/ be ( great] age ?an ! hi/orical ,deluge1 & t ! rema9s ( m5 & animals conta9$ 9 !m mu/ h belong$ to f>-(f ons1 ant$at+ p]haps ev5 ! ,biblical creation ( man1 :ile ! hi/orical ,deluge1 if x ev] occurr$1 mu/ h be5 an affair s small & local t x _h left no traces on ! rocks ( ! e>?4 ,at ! same "t ,biblical critics 7 busy ) ! n>rative itself1 %[+ t x c\ld be decompos$ into diff]5t docum5ts1 t x bore traces ( a v rec5t orig91 t x 0 unhi/orical1 & to be relegat$ to ! same category ) ! fairy-tales ( our infancy4 ,aga91 h[ev]1 ! kaleidoscope turns1 & ! lat] rese>*es ( geology into ! physical & human hi/ory ( ! m rec5t deposits ( ! e>?'s cru/1 ! discov]ies ( anci5t ,assyrian or ,*aldean records ( ! ,deluge1 & ! comp>ison ( ^! ) ! anci5t hi/ory ( o!r nations1 rehabilitate ! old /ory2 & z we /udy ! new facts respect+ ! s-call$ paloli?ic & neoli?ic m51 ! clay tablets recov]$ f ! libr>ies ( ,n9eveh by ,george ,smi?1 ! calculations ( ,pre/wi* & o!rs respect+ ! rec5cy ( ! glacial p]iod1 & ! hi/orical ga!r+s ( ,l5ormant1 we f9d ourselves drift+ back to ! fai? ( our *ildhood1 or may congratulate ourselves on hav+ adh]$ to x all along1 ev5 :5 ! curr5t ( op9ion t5d$ /rongly to turn u away4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! pres5t aspects ( ! "q ,i make two extracts1 "o f ,l5ormant's ,beg9n+s ( ,hi/ory1 ano!r f a rec5t "w ( my own4 ',we are1' says ,l5ormant1 '9 a position to affirm t ! acc\nt ( ! ,deluge is a univ]sal tradition 9 all bran*es ( ! human family1 ) ! sole exception ( ! black race1 & a tradition e-99:]e s exact & s concordant _c possibly be ref]r$ to an imag9>y my?4 ,no religi\s or cosmogonic my? possesses ?is "* ( univ]sality4 ,x mu/ necess>ily be ! rem9isc5ce ( an actual & t]rible ev5t1 :i* made s p[]ful an impression ^u ! imag9ations ( ! fir/ p>5ts ( our species t _! desc5dants c\ld nev] =get x4 ,?is cataclysm took place ne> ! primitive cradle ( mank9d1 & previ\s to ! sep>ation ( ! families f :om ! pr9cipal races 7 to desc5d1 = x w\ld be altoge!r contr>y to probability & to ! laws ( s\nd criticism to admit t local ph5om5a exactly simil> 9 "* c\ld h be5 reproduc$ at s _m diff]5t po9ts on ! globe z w\ld enable "o to expla9 ^! univ]sal traditions1 or t ^! traditions %\ld always h assum$ an id5tical =m1 comb9$ ) circum/ances :i* ne$ n necess>ily h sugge/$ !mselves to ! m9d 9 su* a connection4'#cg #cg ,les ,orig9es de l',hi/oire4 ,br[n's translation4 ,on ! geological side1 ! foll[+ may be accept$ z a summ>y ( facts3#ch #ch ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 #ahhh1 pp4 #bdd1 #bde1 #bea1 #beb4 ',if ! e>lie/ m5 7 ^? ( ! riv] gravels & caves1 m5 ( ! mammo? age or ( ! paloli?ic or palocosmic p]iod1 we c =m "s def9ite ideas z to _! possible antiquity4 ,!y colonis$ ! cont95ts imm$iately aft] ! elevation ( ! l& f ! great subsid5ce :i* clos$ ! plei/oc5e or glacial p]iod1 or 9 :at has be5 call$ ! cont95tal p]iod ( ! po/-glacial age1 because ! new l&s !n rais$ out ( ! sea exce$$ 9 ext5t ^? :i* we n[ h4 ,we h "s measures ( ! date ( ?is great cont95tal elevation4 ,_m ye>s ago1 ,sir ,*>les ,lyell us$ ! recession ( ! ,falls ( ,niag>a z a *ronomet]1 e/imat+ _! cutt+ p[] z equal to "o foot p] annum4 ,he calculat$ ! beg9n+ ( ! process1 :i* dates f ! po/-glacial elevation1 to be ab\t ?irty ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,m rec5t surveys h %[n t ! rate is ?ree times z great z t e/imat$ by ,lyell1 & also t a consid]able "p ( ! gorge 0 m]ely clean$ out by ! riv] s9ce ! plei/oc5e age4 ,9 ?is way ! age ( ! ,niag>a gorge becomes r$uc$ to p]haps sev5 or eight ?\s& ye>s4 ,o!r indications ( simil> be>+ are f\nd bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 & lead to ! belief t x is physically impossible t man c\ld h colonis$ ! nor!rn hemisph]e at an e>li] date4 ,^! facts r5d] necess>y an entire revision ( ! calculations bas$ on ! gr[? ( /alagmite 9 caves1 & o!r unc]ta9 data :i* h be5 held to indicate a great] lapse ( "t4 ',if we id5tify ! ant$iluvians ( ,g5esis ) ! olde/ m5 kn[n to geological & ar*ological sci5ce1 ! p>allelism is some:at m>k$ 9 physical *>act]i/ics & habits ( life1 & also 9 _! app>5tly sudd5 & tragical disappe>ance f ,europe & ,we/]n ,asia1 along ) sev]al ( ! l>ge mammalia :i* 7 _! contempor>ies4 ,if ! ,deluge is to be accept$ z hi/orical1 & if a simil> great break int]rupts ! geological hi/ory ( man1 sep>at+ ext9ct races f ^? :i* /ill survive1 :y may we n correlate ! two8 ,if ! ,deluge 0 misus$ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( geology1 by employ+ x to acc\nt = *anges :i* took place long be=e ! adv5t ( man1 ?is %\ld n cause u to neglect its legitimate uses1 ) ref]5ce to ! e>ly human p]iod4 ,x is evid5t t if ?is correlation be accept$ z probable1 x mu/ modify _m views n[ held z to ! antiquity ( man4 ,9 t case ! mod]n gravels & silts1 spread ov] ! plateaus betwe5 ! riv] valleys1 w be acc\nt$ =1 n by any great] ov]fl[ ( ! exi/+ /reams1 b by ! abnormal action ( curr5ts ( wat] diluvial 9 _! "*4 ,fur!r1 s9ce ! hi/orical ,deluge mu/ h be5 ( v limit$ duration1 ! physical *anges sep>at+ ! deposits conta9+ ! rema9s ( palocosmic m5 f ^? ( lat] date w\ld 9 l mann] be acc\nt$ =1 n by ! sl[ processes imag9$ by extreme uni=mit>ians1 b by causes ( a m abrupt & cataclysmic "*4'#ci #ci ,see also ,h[or?1 ,! ,mammo? & ! ,flood1 & pap]s by ,pr(essor ,pre/wi* 9 ,j\rnal ,geol4 ,society & ,trans4 ,royal ,society & by ,&rews1 ,w9*ell1 & o!rs 9 ,am]ica4 ,we may proce$ to inquire z to :e!r ! position :i* we h n[ rea*$ is likely to be p]man5t1 or may repres5t m]ely "o %ift+ phase ( op9ion4 ,= ?is purpose we may =mulate ^! conclusions 9 a few g5]al /atem5ts1 m]ely ref]r+ to ! evid5ce on :i* !y are bas$1 z any complete discussion ( ?is w\ld necess>ily be impossible )9 ! limits ( ?is "w4 ,we may fir/ summ>ise ! pres5t position ( ! matt] z indicat$ by hi/orical & sci5tific rese>*1 altoge!r indep5d5tly ( ! ,bible4#dj #dj ,see articles by ! au?or 9 ,! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,decemb] #ahhi1 & 9 ,! ,magaz9e ( ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1 ,octob] #ahij4 #a4 ,! rec5t discov]y ( ! ,*aldean deluge tablets has aga9 direct$ att5tion to ! /atem5ts ( ,b]osus respect+ ! ,babylonian tradition ( a great flood1 & ^! /atem5ts are f\nd to be borne out 9 ! ma9 by ! cont5ts ( ! tablets4 ,!re is ?us a tw(old te/imony z to ! occurr5ce ( a deluge 9 t ,babylonian pla9 :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory repres5ts z ! e>lie/ seat ( ant$iluvian man4 ,z ,l5ormant has well %[n1 ! tradition exi/s 9 ! anci5t lit]ature ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,phnicia1 ,phrygia1 & ,greece1 & c be recognis$ 9 ! traditions ( ,nor!rn & ,we/]n ,europe & ( ,am]ica1 :ile ! ,egyptians _h a simil> acc\nt ( ! de/ruction ( m51 b app>5tly n by wat]1 ?\gh _! idea ( a subm]g$ cont95t ( ,atlantis probably _h ref]5ce to ! ant$iluvian _w4 ,?us we f9d ?is /ory widely spread ov] ! e>?1 & possess$ by memb]s ( all ! lead+ divisions ( mank9d4 ,?is does n necess>ily prove ! univ]sality ( ! ,deluge1 ?\gh e di/9ct p naturally ref]s x to its own c\ntry4 ,x %[s1 h[ev]1 ! exi/5ce ( "s v e>ly common s\rce ( ! tradition1 & ! v>iations are n m ?an 7 to h be5 expect$ 9 ! diff]5t ( transmission4 #b4 ,p>allel ) ?is hi/orical evid5ce lies ! result ( geological & ar*ological rese>*1 :i* has reveal$ to u ! rema9s & works ( prehi/oric m51 racially di/9ct f ^? ( mod]n times1 & :o inhabit$ ! e>? at a p]iod :5 its animal population 0 to a great ext5t di/9ct f t at pres5t exi/+1 & :5 its physical condition 0 also 9 _m respects diff]5t4 ,?us 9 ,europe & ,asia1 & to "s ext5t also 9 ,am]ica1 we h evid5ce t ! pres5t races ( m5 7 prec$$ by o!rs :i* h pass$ away1 & ?is at ! same "t ) _m important species ( l& animals1 once ! contempor>ies ( man1 b n[ kn[n only z fossils4 ,^! anci5t m5 are ^? call$ by geologi/s lat] plei/oc5e1 or po/-glacial1 or ! m5 ( ! cave & gravel deposits1 or ( ! age ( ! mammo?1 & :o h be5 designat$ by ar*ologi/s paloli?ic m51 or1 m prop]ly1 palocosmic m51 s9ce ! "* ( _! /one implem5ts is only "o n v important feature ( _! hi/ory1 & implem5ts ( ! paloli?ic type h be5 us$ 9 all p]iods1 & inde$ are /ill us$ 9 "s places4 #c4 ,! preval5ce among geologi/s ( an exagg]at$ & unreasonable uni=mit>ianism1 :i* refus$ to all[ suffici5t prom95ce to sudd5 cataclysms aris+ f ! sl[ accumulation ( natural =ces1 & :i* 0 a natural reaction f ! convulsive geology ( an e>li] p]iod1 has caus$ ! idea to be g5]ally ent]ta9$ t ! age ( palocosmic m5 0 ( va/ duration1 & pass$ only by sl[ gradations & a gradual transition into ! new conditions ( ! mod]n p]iod4 ,?is view long 01 & /ill is1 an ob/acle to any rational correlation ( ! geological & traditional hi/ory ( man4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 new views h be5 =c$ on geologi/s1 & h l$ _m ( ! mo/ sagaci\s obs]v]s & reason]s to see t ! palan?ropic p]iod is mu* ne>] to u ?an we _h imag9$4 ,! argum5ts = ?is ,i h ref]r$ to 9 previ\s pages1 & ne$ n reit]ate !m1 "h4 ,a few lead+ po9ts may1 h[ev]1 be not$4 ,"o ( ^! is ! small am\nt ( physical or organic *ange :i* has occurr$ s9ce ! close ( ! palan?ropic p]iod4 ,ano!r is ! m rapid rate ( erosion & deposition by riv]s 9 ! mod]n p]iod ?an _h previ\sly be5 suppos$4 ,ano!r is ! /rik+ fact t a l>ge numb] ( mammals1 l ! mammo? & woolly rh9oc]os1 seem to h p]i%$ simultane\sly ) ! palocosmic m51 & ?is by "s sudd5 cata/rophe4#da ,x has also be5 %[n by ,pictet & ,dawk9s t all ! extant mammals ( ,europe already exi/$ 9 ! po/-glacial age1 b along ) _m o!rs n[ altoge!r or locally ext9ct4 ,?us !re seems to h be5 ! removal ov] ! :ole nor!rn hemisph]e ( a numb] ( ! l>ge/ mammals1 :ile a select$ numb] surviv$ & no additions 7 made4 ,aga91 :ile at "o "t x 0 suppos$ t ! rema9s ( palocosmic man & 8 contempor>ies 7 conf9$ to cav]ns & riv] alluvia1 x is n[ kn[n t !y occur also on high plateaus & wat]-%$s1 9 b$s ( gravel & silt :i* mu/ h be5 deposit$ !re "u conditions ( subm]g5ce & some:at active curr5t drift1 p]haps 9 "s cases aid$ by float+ ice4#db ,la/ly1 :ile1 z mu/ naturally be ! case1 9 "s places ! rema9s ( anci5t & m mod]n m5 are mix$1 or seem to pass into ea* o!r1 9 o!rs1 z 9 ! ,swiss1 ,belgian & ,lebanon caves & 9 ! sup]ficial deposits1 !re is a di/9ct sep>ation1 imply+ an int]val accompani$ by physical *ange betwe5 ! "t ( ! e>li] & lat] m54 #da ,h[or?1 ,! ,mammo? & ! ,flood4 #db ,pre/wi* on deposits at ,igh?am1 ,k5t1 ,j\rnal ,geological ,society1 ,may #ahhi4 ,su* consid]ations z ^!1 ! =ce ( :i* is mo/ /rongly felt by ^? be/ acqua9t$ ) ! me?ods ( inve/igation employ$ by geologi/s & ar*ologi/s1 are =c+ u to conclude3 7#a7 ,t !re are indicat$ 9 ! late/ geological =mations two di/9ct human p]iods1 an e>li] & a lat]1 *>act]is$ by diff]5ces ( faun & ( physical conditions1 z well z by di/9ct races ( m54 7#b7 ,t ^! two p]iods are sep>at$ by a some:at rapid physical *ange ( ! nature ( subm]g5ce1 or by a s]ies ( *anges locally sudd5 & g5]ally n long-cont9u$4 7#c7 ,t x is n improbable t ?is greate/ ( all revolutions 9 human affairs may be ! same t has s impress$ itself on ! memory ( ! survivors z to =m ! basis ( all ! traditions & hi/orical acc\nts ( ! ,deluge4 ,?is be+ ! /ate ( ! case1 x becomes exp$i5t to review our ideas ( ! anci5t ,hebrew records1 f :i* our e>ly1 & p]haps crude1 impressions ( ?is ev5t 7 d]iv$1 & to asc]ta9 h[ mu* ( our notions ( ! ,deluge ( ,g5esis may be fairly d$uc$ f ! record itself1 & h[ mu* may be due to m or less correct int]pretations1 or to our own fancy4 ,9 connection ) ?is we may also be able to obta9 "s guidance z to ! value to be atta*$ to ! ,hebrew docum5t z a v]itable & primitive record ( ! great cata/rophe4 ,! key to ! und]/&+ ( ! e>ly human hi/ory ( ,g5esis lies 9 ! /ory ( ! fall ( man1 & its sequel 9 ! murd] ( ,abel by 8 bro!r ,ca91 ! beg9n+ ( t reign ( viol5ce :i* endures ev5 to ?is day4 ,f ?is arose ! fir/ division ( ! human race into ho/ile clans or tribes1 ! races ( ,ca9 & ,se?1 on :i* h+es ! hi/ory1 *>act]i/ics & fate ( ant$iluvian man2 &1 z we %all see 9 ! sequel1 f ?is arose pr(\nd diff]5ces 9 religi\s beliefs1 :i* h t+$ ! !ology & sup]/itions ( all subsequ5t times4 ,( c\rse1 9 mak+ ?is /atem5t ,i ref] to ! hi/ory giv5 9 ,g5esis1 )\t special ref]5ce to its intr9sic tru? or cr$ibility1 b m]ely 9 relation to its int]pretation 9 h>mony ) its own /atem5ts4 ,x is fur!r evid5t t ?is tragic ev5t mu/ h occurr$ 9 t ,tigro-,euphratean region :i* 0 ! ,biblical site ( ,ed5#dc & t :ile ! ,se?ite race presumably occupi$ ! orig9al home ( ,adam1 & adh]$ to t =m ( religion :i* is express$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,jahveh1 ! com+ ,r$eem] & ! expect$ ',se$ ( ! ,woman1' ! o!r race spread itself m widely1 probably atta9$ to a high] civilisation1 9 s f> z art is conc]n$1 9 "s ( its divisions1 & sank to a deep] b>b>ism 9 o!rs1 :ile x reta9$ ! orig9al wor%ip ( ,god ! ,creator 7,elohim74 ,h5ce ! ,se?ite race is designat$ z ! sons ( ,adam 7,b5i ha ,adam71 ! true & legitimate *ildr5 ( ! fir/ man1 & ! ,ca9ites z ,b5i ,elohim1 or sons ( ,god4#dd ,! mixture ( ^! races produc$ ! godless1 heav5-defy+ ,nephelim1 ! ,titans ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ^: wick$ness br\ght on ! diluvial cata/rophe4 ,^! half-bre$s ( ! ant$iluvian "t 7 9 all probability ! be/ develop$1 physically & p]haps m5tally1 ( ! m5 ( _! p]iod2 & b = ! ,deluge !y might h become ma/]s ( ! _w4 #dc ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 *ap4 iv4 #dd ,t ?is is ! true mean+ ( ! expressions 9 ,g5esis vi4 ,i _c d\bt4 ,see discussion ( ! subject 9 ! "w cit$ 9 previ\s note4 ,?is "q ( diff]5t races & religions be=e ! ,flood is1 h[ev]1 des]v+ ( a little f>!r elucidation4 ,! names ,elohim & ,jahveh are us$ conjo9tly ?r\gh\t ! ,book ( ,g5esis except 9 its fir/ *apt]1 & _! mode ( occurr5ce _c be expla9$ m]ely on ! !ory ( two docum5ts piec$ toge!r by an editor4 ,x has a deep] significance ?an ?is1 & "o :i* indicates a radical div]sity betwe5 ,elohi/s & ,jahvi/s ev5 9 ?is e>ly p]iod4 ,9 ! e>lie/ "p ( ! human hi/ory1 z di/+ui%$ f ! g5]al record ( creation1 ! two names are unit$ 9 ! comp\nd ,jahveh-,elohim1 b imm$iately aft] ! fall ,eve is repres5t$ z attribut+ to1 or id5tify+ )1 ,jahveh alone ! bir? ( h] elde/ son--',i h produc$ a man1 ! ,jahveh1' & :i* may mean t %e suppos$ ,ca9 to be ! promis$ manife/ation ( ,god z ! ,r$eem]4 ,accord+ly ,ca9 & ,abel are repres5t$ z (f]+ sacrifice to ,jahveh1 & yet x is said 9 a v]se :i* mu/ be a "p ( ! same docum5t1 t x 0 n till ! "t ( ,enos1 a gr&son ( ,adam1 t m5 began to invoke ! "n ( ,jahveh4 ,x w\ld seem also t ?is invocation ( ,jahveh 0 peculi> to ! ,se?ites1 & t ! ,ca9ites 7 /ill wor%ipp]s ( ,elohim1 ! ,god ( nature & creation1 a fact :i* p]haps has relation to ! s-call$ physical religion ( "s anci5t peoples4 ,h5ce _! title ( ,b5i ha ,elohim4 ,?us ! division betwe5 ! ,ca9ite & ,se?ite races e>ly became acc5tuat$ by a sect>ian di/9ction z well4 ,we may imag9e t ! ,ca9ites1 wor%ipp+ ,god z ,creator1 & ignor+ t doctr9e ( a ,r$eem] :i* seem$ conf9$ to ! rival race ( ,se?1 7 ! dei/s ( _! "t1 & held a position :i* might1 accord+ to culture & circum/ances1 deg5]ate into a poly!i/ic nature-wor%ip1 or h>d5 into an absolute mat]ialism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,se?ites1 recognis$ by ! au?or ( ,g5esis z ! or?odox desc5dants ( ,adam1 & invok+ ,jahveh1 held to ! promise ( a com+ ,savi\r1 & to a deliv]ance f ! effects ( ! ,fall to be a*iev$ by ,8 means4 ,x is cle> t1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! au?or ( ,g5esis1 ! *os5 se$ ( ,se? %\ld h ma9ta9$ _! sep>ation f a wick$ _w4 ,_! failure to d ?is involves !m 9 ! wra? ( ,jahveh & r5d]s ! de/ruction ( mank9d necess>y1 & 9 ?is ! :ole ,godhead "u its comb9$ aspects ( ,elohim & ,jahveh takes a "p4 ,a simil> view has caus$ ! ,*aldean n>rator to invoke ! aid ( all ! gods 9 8 pan!on to effect ! de/ruction ( man4 ,^! consid]ations f>!r ?r[ light on ! d\ble "* ( ! ,deluge n>rative 9 ,g5esis1 :i* has induc$ ^? +5i\s s*ol>s :o occupy !mselves ) analysis or dis9tegration ( ! ,p5tateu* to affirm two n>ratives1 "o ,elohi/ & "o ,jahvi/4#de ,:atev] value may atta* to ?is hypo!sis1 x is evid5t t if ! hi/ory is ?us made up ( two docum5ts x ga9s 9 value1 s9ce ?is w\ld imply t ! editor _h at 8 disposal two *ronicles embody+ ! obs]vations ( two n>rators1 possibly ( diff]5t sects1 if ^! diff]5ces 7 p]petuat$ 9 ! po/diluvian _w2 & f>!r1 t he is enabl$ to affirm t ! cata/rophe affect$ bo? ! great races ( m54 ,x f>!r w\ld imply t ^! e>ly docum5ts 7 us$ by ! writ] to produce 8 comb9$ n>rative almo/ )\t *ange ( diction1 s t !y rema9 9 _! orig9al =m ( ! alleg$ te/imony ( eye-witnesses1 a peculi>ity :i* atta*es also to ! ,*aldean v]sion1 z ?is purports to be 9 ! =m giv5 by ,hasisadra1 ! ,*aldean ,noah1 himself4#df #de ,see1 = a v cle> /atem5t ( ^! views1 ,pr(essor ,gre5 9 ,hebraica1 ,janu>y #ahhi1 along ) ,dr4 ,h>p]'s rsum ( ! ,p5tateu*al criticism 9 ! previ\s numb]4 #df ,translation ( ,g4 ,smi? & o!rs4 ,) ref]5ce to ! pres]vation ( ?is & ! ,hebrew n>rative 9 writ+1 we %\ld be> 9 m9d t writ+ 0 an art well kn[n 9 ,*aldea & ,egypt imm$iately aft] ! ,deluge1 or at lea/ betwe5 #bjjj & #cjjj ,b4,c41 & t ! ,*aldean n>rator speaks ( docum5ts hidd5 by ,noah at ,sipp>a be=e ! ,deluge4 ,let u n[ inquire into ! physical aspects ( ! ,deluge1 z !y are said to h pres5t$ !mselves to ! anci5t witness or witnesses to :om we owe ! ,biblical acc\nt ( ! cata/rophe1 & endeav\r to asc]ta9 if !y h any agreem5t ) ! conditions ( ! great po/-glacial ,deluge ( geology4 ,let x be obs]v$ "h t we are deal+ n ) prehi/oric ev5ts b ) a writt5 hi/ory1 suppos$ by "s to h be5 compil$ f two contempor>y docum5ts1 & corroborat$ by ! te/imony ( ! anci5t ,*aldean tablets copi$ by ! scribes ( ,assurbanipal1 app>5tly f diff]5t orig9als1 pres]v$ 9 v anci5t ,*aldean temples4 ,! prep>ation ( an ark or %ip1 & ! accommodation !re91 n only ( ,noah & 8 family1 b ( a c]ta9 numb] ( animals1 is a feature 9 :i* mo/ ,deluge n>ratives agree4 ,?is implies a consid]able advance 9 ! arts ( con/ruction & navigation1 b n m ?an we h a "r to inf] f ! p]fection ( ^! arts 9 e>ly po/diluvian times1 :5 x c sc>cely be suppos$ t ! new communities ( m5 _h fully rega9$ ! position ( _! ance/ors be=e ! de/ruction caus$ by ! great ,flood4 ,l5ormant1 h[ev]1 rem>ks "h3 ',! ,biblical n>rative be>s ! /amp ( an inl& nation1 ignorant ( ?+s app]ta9+ to navigation4 ,9 ,g5esis ! "n ( ! ark1 ,tbh1 signifies *e/1 & n vessel2 & !re is no?+ said ab\t laun*+ ! ark on ! wat]2 no m5tion ei!r ( ! sea1 or ( navigation1 or any pilot4 ,9 ! ,epopee ( ,uruk1 on ! o!r h&1 ev]y?+ indicates t x 0 compos$ among a m>itime p2 ea* circum/ance reflects ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! dwell]s on ! %ores ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,hasisadra goes on bo>d a vessel1 di/9ctly allud$ to by its appropriate appellation2 ?is %ip is laun*$1 & makes a trial-trip to te/ x3 all its *9ks are calk$ ) bitum51 & x is plac$ "u ! *>ge ( a pilot4' ,?is rem>k1 :i* ,i f9d made by o!r comm5tators z well1 sugge/s1 x seems to me1 some:at diff]5t conclusions4 ,! ,hebrews :5 settl$1 ei!r 9 ,egypt or 9 ,canaan1 7 ne> to ! sea-coa/1 & famili> ) boats & ) ! %ips ( ! ,phnicians4 ,if1 !re=e1 !y p]si/$ 9 call+ ,noah's ark a '*e/1' x mu/ h be5 f unwill+ness to *ange an old hi/ory d]iv$ f _! ,*aldean or ,mesopotamian ance/ors1 or because !y cont9u$ to reg>d ! ark z r a great box ?an a %ip prop]ly s call$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is likely t ! p>ticul>s 9 ! ,*aldean acc\nt came f lat] manipulation ( ! n>rative1 aft] comm]ce & navigation on ! ,euphrates & ,p]sian ,gulf _h become famili> to ! ,*aldeans4 ,?us 9 ?is z 9 o!r respects ! ,hebrew n>rative is ! m primitive ( ! two1 & is consi/5t ) ! necessity ( ,div9e in/ructions to ,noah1 :i*1 if he _h be5 famili> ) navigation1 w\ld n h be5 necess>y4#dg #dg ,see also ! evid5ce ( an inl& position ( ! writ]s 9 ! record ( creation 9 ,g5esis i41 z /at$ 9 my "w cit$ 9 previ\s note4 ,z 9 ! ,*aldean v]sion1 ! ,biblical hi/ory beg9s ) ! specification ( ! ark4 ,on ?is 7,elohi/7 portion x is only necess>y to say t ! dim5sions ( ! ark are l>ge & well adapt$ to /[age r ?an to spe$1 & t )9 x 0 /r5g!n$ by ?ree decks & by a numb] ( bulkheads1 or p>titions1 sep>at+ ! rooms or b]?s into :i* x 0 divid$4 ,)\t1 x 0 protect$ & r5d]$ tight by coats ( res9\s or asphaltic v>ni% 7coph]71 & x 0 built ( ! lighte/ & mo/ durable k9d ( wood 7goph] or cypress74 ,only two op5+s are m5tion$1 a hat* or w9d[ above1 & a port or door 9 ! side4 ,!re is no m5tion ( any ma/s1 rigg+1 or o!r means ( propulsion or /e]age4 ,! ,*aldean hi/ory diff]s 9 introduc+ a /e]sman1 ?us imply+ ! means ( propulsion z 9 an actual %ip4 ,noah is in/ruct$1 9 addition to 8 own family1 to provide = animals1 two ( e k9d2 b ^! v g5]al t]ms are aft]w>ds limit$ by ! words uph1 bemah1 & reme%1 :i* def9e birds1 cattle1 & small quadrup$s z ^? specially int5d$4 ,noah's ark 0 n a m5ag]ie1 b r l a cattle-%ip1 capable p]haps ( accommodat+ z _m animals z "o ( ^? /eam]s :i* n[ transf] to ,engl& ! animal produce ( ,we/]n fields & prairies4 ,! animals portray$ on ! anci5t monum5ts ( ,egypt & ,assyria1 h[ev]1 in=m u t1 9 e>ly po/-diluvial times1 & !re=e probably also 9 ! "t ( ,noah1 a great] v>iety ( animals 7 "u ! control ( man ?an is ! case 9 any "o c\ntry at pres5t4#dh ,9 ! passage ref]r+ to ! emb>kation1 only ! cattle & f[ls are m5tion$1 b sev5 pairs are to be tak5 ( ! clean species :i* c\ld be us$ z food4#di ,! emb>kation hav+ be5 complet$ on ! v day :5 ! ,deluge comm5c$1 we h next ! n>rative ( ! ,flood itself4 ,"h x is notewor?y t ,god 7,elohim7 makes ! arrangem5ts1 & ,jahveh %uts ! voyag]s 94 #dh ,h\ghton1 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,anci5ts1 & ,transactions ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,ar*ology2 also repres5tations ( tame antelopes1 c41 on ,egyptian monum5ts4 #di ,?is has be5 consid]$ a lat] addition2 b ! practice ( all primitive peoples has sanction$ ! di/9ction ( clean & unclean bea/s1 :i* is m]ely def9$ 9 ! ,mosaic law1 n in/itut$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,! fir/ note t our witness ent]s 9 8 'log' relates to 8 impressions ( ! causes ( ! cata/rophe1 :i* 0 n effect$ sup]naturally1 b by natural causes4 ,^! are ! 'break+ up ( ! f\nta9s ( ! great deep' & ! 'op5+ ( ! w9d[s ( heav54' ,^! expressions mu/ be int]pret$ 9 accordance ) ! use ( simil> t]ms 9 ! acc\nt ( creation 9 ,g5esis i41 ! m s t ?is /atem5t is a portion reg>d$ by ! composite !ory z ,elohi/ic4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ( int]pretation1 ! great deep is t univ]sal ocean :i* prevail$ be=e ! elevation ( ! dry l&1 & ! break+ up ( its f\nta9s is ! removal ( t re/riction plac$ ^u x :5 its wat]s 7 ga!r$ toge!r into "o place4 ,9 o!r words1 ! mean+ is ! invasion ( ! l& by ! ocean4 ,9 l mann]1 ! w9d[s ( heav51 ! cl\dy res]voirs ( ! atmosph]ic expanse1 or possibly wat]sp\ts1 or ev5 volcanic eruptions1 & n necess>ily id5tical ) ! great ra9 ext5d+ = =ty days1 z /at$ 9 ! foll[+ clause4 ,! ,*aldean record adds ! ph5om5a ( ?und] & tempe/1 b omits ! great deep2 an indication t x is an indep5d5t acc\nt1 & by a less in=m$ or less intellig5t n>rator4 ,x is wor?y ( note t our n>rator has no idea ( any riv] inundation 9 ! case4 ,at ?is /age we are br\ght into ! pres5ce ( ! "q3 ,is ! ,deluge repres5t$ z a miracul\s or a m]ely natural ph5om5on8 ,yet1 f a sci5tific po9t ( view1 ?is "q has n ! significance usually attribut$ to x4 ,true miracles are n1 & _c be1 contrav5tions or violations ( ,god's natural laws4 ,!y are m]ely unusual op]ations ( natural p[]s "u _! prop] laws1 b employ$ by ! ,almighty = effect+ spiritual ends4 ,?us1 naturally1 !y are "u ! laws ( ! mat]ial _w1 b1 spiritually1 !y belong to a high] sph]e4 ,9 ! pres5t case1 accord+ to ! n>rative 9 ,g5esis1 ! ,flood 0 physically z mu* a natural ph5om5on z ! e>?quakes at ,is*ia1 or ! eruption ( ,krakatoa4 ,x 0 a miracul\s or spiritual int]v5tion only 9 s f> z x 0 relat$ to ! de/ruction ( an ungodly race1 & z x 0 ann\nc$ be=eh& by a prophet4 ,_h ! approa*+ eruption ( ,krakatoa be5 int5d$ z a judgm5t on ! wick$1 & _h x be5 reveal$ to anyone :o _h tak5 pa9s to w>n 8 c\ntrym5 & !n to provide = 8 own safety1 ?is w\ld h giv5 to t eruption z mu* ( a miracul\s "* z ! ,bible atta*es to ! ,deluge4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :]e we h m def9ite in=mation z to miracles1 !y are usually call$ 'p[]s' & 'signs1' less prom95ce be+ giv5 to ! m]e wond] :i* is impli$ 9 ! t]m 'miracle4' ,"u ! aspect ( p[]s1 !y imply t ! ,creator c d _m ?+s beyond our p[] & compreh5sion1 j z 9 a less] way a civilis$ man1 f 8 great] k ( natural laws & comm& ov] natural en]gies1 c d mu* t is incompreh5sible to a savage2 & 9 ?is direction sci5ce tea*es u t1 giv5 an omnipot5t ,god1 ! field ( miracle is inf9ite4 ,z signs1 on ! o!r h&1 su* displays ( p[] connect !mselves ) ! moral & spiritual _w1 & become tea*]s ( high] tru?s & pro(s ( ,div9e int]f]5ce4 ,! true position ( miracles z signs is rem>kably br\ght out 9 t argum5t ( ,*ri/1 9 :i* ,he says1 ',if ye believe n ,my words1 believe ,me = ! works' sake4' ,x is z if a civilis$ visitor to "s b>b>\s l&1 :o _h be5 describ+ to an incr$ul\s audi5ce ! wond]s ( 8 own c\ntry1 7 to exhibit to !m a wat* or a microscope1 & !n to appeal to !m t ^! 7 ?+s j z my/]i\s & incr$ible z ^? ( :i* he _h be5 speak+4 ,return+ to ! ,deluge1 we may obs]ve t su* an invasion ( ! great deep is p>allel$ by _m ( :i* geology pres5ts to u ! evid5ce1 & t our k ( nature enables u to conceive ( ! possibility ( great] miracles ( physical *ange ?an any on record1 su* z1 = in/ance1 ! explosion ( ! e>? itself into an inf9ity ( p>ticles1 ! f9al ext9ction ( ! sol> heat1 or ! accession to ?is heat ( su* additional fi]c5ess z to burn up ! att5dant planets4 ,all ?is might take place )\t any int]f]5ce ) ,god's laws1 b m]ely by correlations & adju/m5ts ( !m1 z mu* )9 ,8 p[] z ! turn+ on or /opp+ ( a ma*9e is 9 ! p[] ( a human eng9e]4 ,fur!r1 su* acts ( ,div9e p[] may be relat$ to moral & spiritual ?+s1 j z easily z any outw>d action result+ f our own w may be det]m9$ by moral consid]ations4 ,! "t is pa/ :5 any rational objection c be made on ! "p ( sci5ce to ! s-call$ miracles ( ! ,bible4 ,to return to ! pass5g]s 9 ! ark4 ,?is mu/ h be5 built on high gr\nd1 or ! progress ( ! ,deluge mu/ h be5 sl[1 = =ty days elaps$ be=e ! wat]s rea*$ ! %ip & float$ x4 ,x is n unlikely t ! ark 0 built on ris+ gr\nd1 = "h supplies ( timb] w\ld be ne>]4 ,x has puzzl$ "s simple antiqu>ians to f9d dug-out canoes ( prehi/oric date on ! tops ( hills2 b !y did n reflect t ! mak] ( a canoe w\ld con/ruct 8 vessel :]e ! suitable wood c\ld be f\nd1 s9ce x w\ld be mu* easi] to c>ry ! f9i%$ canoe to ! %ore ?an to drag ?i!r ! solid log out ( :i* x 0 to be fa%ion$4 ,s ,noah w\ld naturally build 8 ark :]e ! wood he requir$ c\ld be procur$ mo/ easily4 ,! ,*aldean n>rator seems to h ov]look$ ?is simple consid]ation1 = he m5tions a laun*+ & trial-trip ( ! %ip1 a sure m>k t he is a lat] au?ority ?an ! writ] 9 ,g5esis4 ,! inmates ( ! ark n[ felt t x 0 mov+ on ! wat]s1 a new & dread s5sation :i* mu/ h deeply impress$ _! m9ds1 & !y soon became aw>e t ! ark n m]ely float$1 b 'w5t1' or made progress 9 "s def9ite direction4 ,rem>k ! simple yet significant notes--',! ark 0 lift up f ! e>?1' & '! ark w5t ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4' ,! direction ( driftage is n /at$1 b x is a fair inf]5ce1 f ! probable place ( dep>ture 9 ,*aldea & t ( f9al gr\nd+ ( ! ark1 t x 0 nor?w>d or inl&1 :i* w\ld indicate t ! *ief supply ( wat] 0 f ! ,indian ,ocean1 & t x 0 fl[+ inw>d t[>d ! great sunk5 pla9 ( int]ior ,asia1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ! ark did n rea*1 b gr\nd$ 9 ! hilly region kn[n to ! ,hebrews z ,ar>at1 to ! ,*aldeans z ,nisr4 ,a curi\s /atem5t is made "h 7,elohi/7 z to ! dep? ( ! wat] be+ fifte5 cubits4 ,ev5 9 a flat c\ntry s small a dep? w\ld n cov] ! ris+ gr\nds2 b ?is is obvi\sly n ! mean+ ( ! n>rator1 b some?+ mu* m s5sible & practical4 ,x is n unlikely t ! measure /at$ 0 ! wat]-draught ( ! load$ ark1 & t z ! voyag]s felt x rise & fall on ! waves1 !y may h exp]i5c$ "s anxiety le/ x %\ld /rike & g to pieces4 ,x 0 no small "p ( ! provid5tial arrangem5t 9 _! case t 9 ! track ( ! ark ev]y?+ 0 subm]g$ m ?an fifte5 cubits be=e !y rea*$ x4 ,h5ce ?is note1 :i* is at ! same "t "o ( ! crit]ia ( ! simple v]acity ( ! hi/ory4 ,! only o!r rem>k 9 ?is "p ( ! n>rative relates to ! entire subm]g5ce ( ! :ole c\ntry )9 sight1 & ! consequ5t de/ruction ( animal life2 & "h ! enum]ation cov]s all l& animals1 & ! t]ms us$ are ?us m g5]al ?an ^? appli$ to ! animals pres]v$ 9 ! ark4 ,! ,deluge culm9at$1 9 s f> z our n>rator obs]v$1 9 "o hundr$ & fifty days4 ,8 next exp]i5ce is ( a gale ( w9d1 accompani$ or foll[$ by cessation ( ! ra9 & ( ! infl[ ( ! oceanic wat]s4#ej ,! wat]s !n decreas$1 n regul>ly1 b by an int]mitt5t process1 'go+ & return+'2 b :e!r ?is 0 a tidal ph5om5on or ( ! nature ( e>?quake waves we h no in=mation4 ,at l5g? ! ark gr\nd$1 app>5tly on high gr\nd or 9 ?ick wea!r1 = no l& 0 visible2 b at l5g?1 aft] two mon?s1 neighb\r+ hill-tops 7 se54 #ej ,g5esis viii4 #a1 #b3 ',& ,elohim made a w9d to pass ov] ! e>?1 & ! wat]s abat$1' c4 ,! incid5t ( s5d+ out birds to te/ ! recession ( ! wat]s des]ves notice1 because ( its app>5tly trivial nature1 because x appe>s ) v>iations 9 ! ,*aldean acc\nt1 & because x has be5 treat$ 9 a rem>kably unsci5tific mann] by "s critics4 ,x indicates ! unc]ta9ty :i* w\ld arise 9 ! m9d ( ! patri>* because ( ! fluctuat+ decrease ( ! wat]s1 & possibly also a mi/y condition ( ! air prev5t+ a di/9ct view ( di/ant objects4 ,! birds select$ = ! purpose 7 s+ul>ly appropriate4 ,! rav5 is by habit a w&]]1 & rem>kable = p[] ( flight & cle>ness ( di/ant vision4 ,s long1 !re=e1 z x made ! ark its headqu>t]s1 'go+ & return+'#ea f its se>* = food1 x might be inf]r$ t no habitable l& 0 accessible4 ,! dove1 s5t out imm$iately aft] ! rav51#eb is ( a diff]5t habit4 ,x c\ld n act z a scav5g] ( ! wat]s & g & return1 b c\ld leave only if x f\nd l& cov]$ ) vegetation4 ,z a dome/icat$ bird also1 x w\ld naturally come back to be tak5 into ! ark4 ,h5ce x 0 s5t =? at int]vals ( sev5 days1 return+ ) an olive leaf :5 x f\nd tree tops above ! wat]1 & rema9+ away :5 x f\nd food & %elt]4 ,! ,*aldean acc\nt adds a ?ird bird1 ! swall[--a p]fectly useless addition1 s9ce ?is bird1 if tak5 into ! ark at all1 w\ld f its habits ( life be incapable ( af=d+ any in=mation4 ,?is addition is a m>k ( int]polation 9 ! ,*aldean v]sion1 & proce$$ p]haps f ! sacr$ "* atta*$ by popul> sup]/ition to ! swall[1 or f ! famili> habits ( ! bird sugge/+ to "s lat] editor its appropriat5ess4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 ! usually judici\s ,s*rad]1 probably f defici5t k ( ! habits ( birds1 fails to appreciate all ?is1 & aft] a long discussion pref]s ! ,babylonian leg5d = reasons ( a mo/ unsci5tific "*1 actually condemn+ ! p]fectly natural & cle> ,biblical /ory z artificial & due to a rec5t em5dation4 ,he says3 ',:5 ! /ory pass$ ov] to ! ,hebrews1 ! "n ( ! swall[ has disappe>$1' & 'x is only f ! ,babylonian n>rative t ! selection ( ! diff]5t birds becomes cle>4' ,?is little disquisition ( ,s*rad] is1 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ amus+ in/ances ( t inv]sion ( s\nd criticism :i* results :5 unsci5tific comm5tators tamp] ) ! pla9 /atem5ts ( tru?ful & obs]vant witnesses4 #ea ,m>g9 ( ,au?oris$ ,v]sion2 less fully1 'to & fro' 9 ! text4 #eb ,!re is no reason to suppose1 z "s h done1 a hiatus "h 9 ! n>rative4 ,! unc]ta9ty indicat$ by ! mission ( ! birds seems to h cont9u$ f ! fir/ day ( ! t5? to ! fir/ day ( ! fir/ mon?1 :5 ,noah at l5g? v5tur$ to remove ! cov]+ ( ! ark & inspect ! condition ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 n[ ab&on$ by ! wat]s1 b n ?or\ghly dri$ = "s "t long]4 ,/ill1 s timid 0 ! patri>* t he did n d>e )\t a special comm& to leave 8 place ( safety4 ,i am aw>e t if ! two alleg$ docum5ts are arbitr>ily sep>at$ x is possible to see "h "s app>5t contradiction 9 dates2 b ?is is n necess>y if we leave !m 9 _! orig9al relation4#ec #ec ,see ,gre51 ,hebraica1 l4 c4 ,x w be obs]v$ t a n>rative su* z t summ>is$ above be>s unmi/akably /amp$ ^u x ! *>act]i/ics ( ! te/imony ( an eye-witness4 ,by :omsoev] r$uc$ to writ+ & f9ally edit$1 x mu/1 if g5u9e1 h come d[n ne>ly 9 its pres5t =m f ! "t ( ! cata/rophe :i* x relates4 ,x foll[s t ! n>rator leaves no place = ! curr5t que/ions z to ! univ]sality ( ! ,deluge4 ,x 0 univ]sal s f> z 8 exp]i5ce ext5d$1 b t is all4 ,he is n responsible = :at occurr$ beyond ! limits ( 8 obs]vation & beyond ! fact t man1 s f> z kn[n to him1 p]i%$4 ,if1 !re=e1 z "s h held1#ed ,balaam 9 8 prophecy ref]s to ,ca9ite populations z extant 9 8 "t1 or if ,moses decl9es to trace to any ( ! po/diluvian patri>*s ! ,rephaim1 ,emim1 ,zuzim & o!r prehi/oric peoples ( ,pale/9e1 we may inf]1 )\t any contradiction ( our n>rative1 t !re 7 surviv+ ant$iluvians o!r ?an ! ,noa*id1 :atev] improbability may atta* to ?is on o!r gr\nds1 & m especially f ! n[ asc]ta9$ ext5sion ( ! po/-glacial subm]g5ce ov] ne>ly all p>ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 #ed ,motais1 ,dluge ,biblique4 ,let x also be notic$ t beyond ! prophetic intimation to ,noah1 & ! "o expression1 ,jahveh '%ut him 91' :i* may ref] m]ely to provid5tial c>e1 !re is1 z already rem>k$1 no?+ miracul\s1 9 ! popul> s5se ( t t]m2 & t my?ical elem5ts1 su* z ^? introduc$ into ! ,babylonian n>rative1 are altoge!r abs5t4 ,! /ory relates to pla9 matt]s ( fact1 :i*1 if !y happ5$ at all1 any "o might obs]ve1 & = ! pro( ( :i* any ord9>y te/imony w\ld be suffici5t4 ,x may be pr(itable1 h[ev]1 to rev]t "h to ! probable relation ( ?is n>rative to ! geological facts already adv]t$ to1 & also its be>+ on ! my?ical & poly!i/ic additions :i* we f9d 9 ! ,deluge /ories ( hea!n nations4 ,reg>d+ ! ,biblical ,deluge z a record ( a subm]g5ce ( a va/ region ( ,eur-,asia & ,nor!rn ,africa1 at lea/1 :ile no simil> cata/rophe has be5 record$ subsequ5tly1 x is unque/ionable t subm]g5ces equally important h occurr$ aga9 & aga9 9 ! geological hi/ory ( our cont95ts1 & h be5 equally de/ructive ( animal life4 ,x is true t mo/ ( ^! are believ$ to h be5 ( m sl[ & gradual "* ?an t record$ 9 ,g5esis1 b 9 ! case ( _m ( !m ?is is a v unc]ta9 inf]5ce f ! analogy ( mod]n *anges2 & x is c]ta9 t ! po/-glacial subm]g5ce1 :i* clos$ ! era ( palocosmic man & 8 companion animals1 mu/ h be5 "o ( ! mo/ transi5t on record4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we ne$ n limit ! entire duration ( ! ,noa*ic subm]g5ce to ! s+le ye> ^: record has be5 pres]v$ to u4 ,local subsid5ce may h be5 9 progress ?r\gh\t ! lat] ant$iluvian age1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ! n>rator 9 ,g5esis may h relat$ only to its culm9ation 9 ! c5tral di/rict ( human resid5ce4 ,f9ally1 if man 0 really a witness ( ?is la/ great cont95tal subm]g5ce1 we _c be too ?ankful t !re 7 s intellig5t witnesses to pres]ve ! record ( ! ev5t = our in=mation4 ,x is ne$less1 !n1 to ent] into fur!r details1 ?\gh ^! are suffici5t to fill volumes if desir$1 9 pro( ( ! rem>kable conv]g5ce ( hi/ory & geological discov]y on ! great ,flood1 :i* n[ con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable illu/rations ( ! po9ts ( contact ( sci5ce proce$+ on its own me?ods ( inve/igation & ,div9e revelation1 pres]v+ ! records ( anci5t ev5ts o!rwise lo/ or buri$ "u accretions ( my? & fancy4 ,i h already endeav\r$ to %[ t ! e>lie/ race ( palocosmic m51 t ( ,can/adt1 v fairly corresponds ) :at may h be5 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! rud] tribes ( ,ca9ites1 & t if we reg>d ! ,tru*re skull z repres5t+ ! ,se?ite p1 we may suppose ! ,cro-magnon race to repres5t ! giants1 or ,nephelim1 :o sprung f ! union ( ! two pure types4 ,i h also ref]r$ to ! possibility t ! ,tru*re race1 s little kn[n to u z yet1 may h be5 a prot-,ib]ian p1 possess+ ev5 be=e ! ,flood dome/ic animals1 agriculture1 & "s ( ! arts ( life1 correspond+ to :at we f9d 9 ! e>lie/ po/diluvian nations4 ,?is is1 inde$1 impli$ 9 ! fact t ! po/diluvian nations pres5t !mselves to u at once ) a some:at advanc$ condition ( ! arts1 especially 9 ,*aldea & 9 ,egypt4 ,su* possibilities may s]ve to sugge/ to speculative ar*ologi/s t !y _c safely assume t all ant$iluvian or paloli?ic tribes 7 b>b>\s or semi-brutal1 or t !re 0 a cont9u\s developm5t ( humanity )\t any diluvial cata/rophe4 ,x is also some:at ra% to c>ry back ! *ronology ( ,egyptians & ,babylonians to times :51 z we "k on physical evid5ce1 ! ,valley ( ! ,nile 0 an arm ( ! sea1 & ! pla9 ( ! ,euphrates an ext5sion ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,x is =tunate = ! ,bible t su* assumptions are n requir$ by its hi/ory4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,special ,,que/ions ,,respect+ ,,! ,,deluge ,9 /udy+ ! lit]ature relat+ to ! ,deluge1 we are con/antly met by que/ions z to its s-call$ 'univ]sality4' ,0 x a local or univ]sal ,deluge & if univ]sal 9 :at s5se s8 ,?is is a po9t 9 :i* neglect or ignorance ( ! necess>y physical conditions has l$ to ! /range/ misconceptions4 ,x is obvi\s t !re are f\r s5ses 9 :i* a cata/rophe l ! ,deluge ( ,noah may be affirm$ or d5i$ to h be5 univ]sal4 #a4 ,x may h be5 univ]sal 9 ! s5se ( be+ a deep /ratum ( wat] cov]+ ! :ole globe1 bo? l& & sea4 ,su* univ]sality c\ld n h be5 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 & probably has be5 claim$ kn[+ly by no writ] 9 mod]n times4 ,halley 9 ! la/ c5tury und]/ood ! conditions ( su* univ]sality1 ?\gh he seems to h suppos$ t ! impact ( a comet might supply ! necess>y wat]4 ,ow5 has direct$ att5tion to ! fact t su* a deluge might be z fatal to ! inhabitants ( ! wat]s z to ^? ( ! l&4 ,9 any case1 su* univ]sality w\ld dem& an enorm\s supply ( wat] f "s extra-t]re/rial s\rce4 #b4 ,! ,deluge may h be5 univ]sal 9 ! s5se ( be+ a subm]sion ( ! :ole ( ! l&1 ei!r by subsid5ce or by elevation ( ! ocean b$4 ,su* a /ate ( ?+s may h exi/$ 9 primitive geological ages be=e our cont95ts 7 elevat$1 b we h no sci5tific evid5ce ( its recurr5ce at any lat] "t1 ?\gh l>ge portions ( ! cont95ts h be5 aga9 & aga9 subm]g$4 ,! writ]s ( ,g5esis i4 & ( ,psalm civ4 seem to h kn[n ( no su* total subm]g5ce s9ce ! elevation ( ! fir/ dry l&1 & no?+ ( ?is k9d is express$ or c]ta9ly impli$ 9 ! ,deluge /ory4 #c4 ,! ,deluge may h be5 univ]sal 9 s f> z man1 its *ief object1 & c]ta9 animals useful or necess>y to him1 are conc]n$4 ,?is k9d ( univ]sality w\ld seem to h be5 be=e ! m9d ( ! writ] :5 he says t ',noah only1 & !y :o 7 ) him 9 ! ark1 rema9$ alive4'#ee #ee ,g5esis vii4 #bc4 #d4 ,! ,deluge may h be5 univ]sal 9 s f> z ! area & obs]vation & in=mation ( ! n>rator ext5d$4 ,! /ory is evid5tly told 9 ! =m ( a n>rative d]iv$ f eye-witnesses1 & ?is =m seems ev5 to h be5 *os5 or reta9$ purposely to avoid any "q ( univ]sality ( ! fir/ & second k9ds ref]r$ to above4 ,! same =m ( n>rative is pres]v$ 9 ! ,*aldean leg5d4 ,?is fact is n affect$ by ! doctr9e held by "s ( ! s*ools ( dis9tegrators1 t ! n>rative is divisible into two docum5ts1 respectively ',jahvi/ic' & ',elohi/ic4' ,i h else:]e#ef %[n t !re is a v diff]5t reason = ! use ( ^! two names ( ,god4 ,b if !re 7 two orig9al witnesses ^: /atem5ts 7 put toge!r by an editor1 ?is surely does n invalidate _! te/imony or deprive !m ( ! "r to h x und]/ood z !y int5d$4 #ef ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 *ap4 iv4 ,x is ?us evid5t t ! :ole "q ( 'univ]sality' is little m ?an a m]e useless logoma*y1 hav+ no direct relation to ! facts or to ! cr$ibility ( ! n>rative4 ,!re are also 9 connection ) ?is "q ( univ]sality c]ta9 sci5tific & hi/orical facts already ref]r$ to :i* we may aga9 summ>ise "h1 & :i* are ess5tial to ! und]/&+ ( ! "q4 ,no?+ is m c]ta9ly kn[n 9 geology ?an t at ! close ( ! lat] t]ti>y or plei/oc5e age ! cont95ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e /ood high] & spread _! bord]s m widely ?an at pres5t4 ,9 ?is p]iod also !y 7 t5ant$ by a v gr& & v>i$ mammalian fauna1 & x is 9 ?is cont95tal age ( ! lat] plei/oc5e or e>ly mod]n "t t we f9d ! fir/ unequivocal evid5ce ( man z exi/+ on v>i\s p>ts ( ! cont95ts4 ,at ! close ( ?is p]iod occurr$ *anges1 :e!r sudd5 or gradual we d n "k1 ?\gh !y c\ld n h occupi$ a v long "t1 :i* l$ to ! ext9ction ( ! e>lie/ races ( m5 & _m contemporane\s animals4 ,t ^! *anges 7 9 "p1 at lea/1 ( ! nature ( subm]g5ce we le>n f ! fact t our pres5t cont95ts are m sunk5 or less elevat$ out ( ! wat]1 & also f ! deposit ( sup]ficial gravels & o!r detritus m rec5t ?an ! plei/oc5e ov] _! surfaces4 ,we are ?us %ut up by geological facts to ! belief 9 a ,deluge geologically mod]n & practically univ]sal4 ,"o o!r objection to ! ,deluge n>rative p]haps des]ves a ^w ( comm5t--t urg$ aga9/ ! /atem5t ( ! gradual disappe>ance ( ! wat]s4 ,! extraord9>y difficulty is rais$ respect+ ?is1 t ! wat] mu/ h ru%$ seaw>d 9 a furi\s torr5t4 ,! objection is bas$ app>5tly on ! idea t ! f\ndation = ! orig9al n>rative 0 a riv] inundation 9 ! ,mesopotamian pla94 ,?is _c be admitt$2 b if x 71 ! objection w\ld n apply4 ,riv] inundations1 :e!r ( ! ,nile or ,euphrates1 subside in* by in*1 n aft] ! mann] ( m\nta9 torr5ts4 ,?us ?is objection is ano!r in/ance ( difficulties gratuit\sly import$ into ! hi/ory4 ,9 po9t ( fact ! n>rator repres5ts ! ,deluge z prevail+ = a :ole ye>1 :i* w\ld be impossible 9 ! case ( a riv] inundation4 ,he attributes x 9 "p1 at lea/1 to ! 'great deep'--t is1 ! ocean2 & he repres5ts ! ark z drift+ inl& or t[>d ! nor?4 ,su* conditions c be satisfi$ only by ! supposition ( a subsid5ce ( ! l& simil> 9 k9d1 at lea/1 to ! great po/-glacial flood ( geology4 ,p>tial subsid5ces ( ?is k9d1 local b v extreme1 h occurr$ ev5 9 lat] times1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,runn ( ,cut*1 ! delta ( ! ,mississippi1 & ! delta ( ! ,nile2 & if ! objectors are det]m9$ to make ! ,deluge ( ,noah v local & m rec5t ?an ! po/-glacial flood1 x w\ld be m rational to ref] to subsid5ces l ^? j m5tion$1 & ( :i* !y w f9d examples 9 ,lyell's ,pr9ciples & o!r geological books4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 decid$ly m probable t ,noah's ,flood is id5tical ) t :i* de/roy$ ! m5 ( ! mammo? age1 ! palocosmic or 'paloli?ic' m52#eg & 9 t case ! recession ( ! wat]s w\ld probably be gradual1 b int]mitt5t1 'go+ & return+1' z our anci5t n>rator has x2 b !re ne$ n h be5 any viol5t dbcle4 #eg ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 *aps4 iii4 & iv4 ,x is also to be not$ t a subm]g5ce ( ! l& & consequ5t deluge may be cataclysmic or tranquil1 accord+ to local circum/ances1 & t x may h be5 locally sudd51 :ile = ! :ole _w x 0 gradual & ( long] duration4 ,su* diff]5ces mu/ belong to all great subm]g5ces1 :i* may 9 "o place produce great di/urbance & v co>se deposits1 9 ano!r may be quiet & deposit ! f9e/ silt4 ,ev5 ! flood ( a riv] or ! action ( a tide admits ( v>iations ( ?is k9d4 ,9 n>r[ *annels ! great tides ( ! ,bay ( ,fundy ru% z torr5ts2 9 wide bays !y creep 9 imp]ceptibly4 ,! traditions & ,biblical hi/ory ( ! ,deluge n only furni% important mat]ial = connect+ ! geological ages ) ! p]iod ( human hi/ory1 & = enabl+ u to realise ! fact t e>ly man 0 a witness ( "s ( ! lat] physical & vital vicissitudes t h pass$ ov] ! e>?1 b may be correlat$ ) o!r anci5t traditions :i* seem at fir/ sight to h no imm$iate relation to x4 ,z an example1 ,i may ref] to ! well-kn[n ,egyptian fable ( ,atlantis1 :i* may be a rem9isc5ce ( e>ly man 9 ! second cont95tal p]iod1 & :i* we may1 p]haps1 ev5 connect ) ! ,mexican tradition ( civilisation rea*+ ,am]ica f ! ,ea/4#eh #eh ,x is1 p]haps1 only an accid5t t ,atl is ! ,mexican ^w = wat]4 ,plato has h&$ d[n to u a circum/antial tradition1 d]iv$ f ,egypt1 ( a great ,atlantic cont95t we/ ( ,europe1 once ?ickly peopl$1 & ! seat ( an empire t 0 dom9ant ov] ! ,m$it]ranean regions4 ,?is cont95t1 or isl&1 0 call$ ,atlantis1 & x _h be5 subm]g$ ) all its p 9 prehi/oric times4 ,?is tradition may h ref]5ce to c]ta9 geological facts ( ! e>ly mod]n p]iod already ref]r$ to4 ,if ! ,egyptian tradition really ext5d$ back to ! ant$iluvian p]iod1 we c readily und]/& _! belief 9 ! cont95t ( ,atlantis4 ,we h already asc]ta9$ ! great ext5sion 9 t p]iod ( ! l& ( ,we/]n ,europe1 & !re may h be5 outly+ insul> tracts 9 ! ,atlantic n[ q unkn[n to u4 ,^! l&s may well h su/a9$ nations ( ! gigantic ,cro-magnon race1 'm5 ( r5[n1' :o1 :5 _! we/w>d progress 0 /ay$ by ! ocean1 & !y 7 *eck$ 9 ! nor? by ! increas+ cold1 may h turn$ _! arms aga9/ ! dwell]s on ! ,m$it]ranean coa/s1 p]haps 9 ! age imm$iately prec$+ ! ,deluge4 ,we "k little z yet ( ! hi/ory ( ^? ,hor%esu1 or *ildr5 ( ,horus1 :o are said to h prec$$ ! hi/oric p]iod 9 ,egypt4 ,!re mu/ h be5 ,egyptian lit]ature ab\t ^! p1 & %\ld ?is be recov]$ we %all probably le>n m ( ,atlantis4 ,9 ! meantime we may1 at lea/1 br+ ! tradition ( t p]i%$ cont95t into h>mony ) geology & hi/ory4 ,i may add t we ne$ n consid] ! above view z at v>iance ) t ( ^? ar*ologi/s :o1 l ! late ,sir ,d4 ,wilson1#ei suppose ! tradition ( ,atlantis to h be5 f\nd$ on vague intimations ( ! exi/5ce ( ,am]ica1 s9ce any su* intimations :i* rea*$ ! civilis$ nations ( ,s\!rn ,europe or ,africa w\ld naturally be consid]$ z an indication t "s "p ( ! lo/ ,atlantis /ill cont9u$ to exi/4 #ei ,! ,lo/ ,atlantis1 #ahib4 ,9 /ill ano!r direction does ! deluge /ory connect itself ) physical probabilities4 ,if we exam9e ! ,atlantic map repres5t+ ! s\nd+s ( ! ,*all5g] exp$ition1 we %all f9d evid5ce n only ( t ext5sion ( l& 9 temp]ate ,we/]n ,europe :i* may h orig9at$ ! /ory ( ,atlantis1 b o!r dispositions ( l&1 especially 9 ! extreme nor? & s\?1 :i* may h influ5c$ ant$iluvian climate4 ,we h reason to believe t 9 ! second cont95tal p]iod1 t ( palocosmic man1 ,baff9's ,bay may h be5 greatly n>r[$ & ,behr+'s ,/raits entirely clos$1 :ile l>ge tracts ( l& exi/$ ar\nd ,icel& & we/ ( ,norway4 ,!re w\ld ?us be almo/ cont9u\s l& connection ar\nd ! nor? pole1 p]mitt+ easy ext5sion ( man & ( h>dy animals4 ,!re w\ld also be mu* less access ( ice to ! ,nor? ,atlantic4 ,at ! same "t 9 ano!r region !re 0 probably a l& connection f ,florida to ,s\? ,am]ica by ! ,bahamas1 & ! equatorial curr5t may h be5 m p[]fully deflect$ nor?w>d ?an n[4 ,! effect w\ld be to produce ar\nd ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 & especially on ! ea/]n side1 a gold5 age ( g5ial climate1 fitt$ to e>ly man1 b de/9$ z "t w5t on & geographical *anges proce$$1 prep>atory to ! great diluvial subsid5ce1 to fade away into ! cool & damp climate ( ! lat] po/-glacial or ant$iluvian p]iod4 ,?is aga9 w\ld lead to migrations1 w>s1 & fi]ce /ruggles = exi/5ce among ! human populations--a "t ( an>*y & viol5ce prec$+ ! f9al cata/rophe4 ,mu* collat]al evid5ce 9 sub/antiation ( ^! probabilities c be collect$ f ! di/ribution ( m>9e life#fj & ! *anges ( level1 ev5 on ! ,am]ican coa/4 ,!y conjure up be=e u /range visions ( ! prehi/oric pa/1 & ( ! vicissitudes ( :i* man himself has be5 witness1 & ( :i*1 :e!r ?r\gh memory & tradition or ! revelation ( ,god1 he has cont9u$ to reta9 "s writt5 records :i*1 long dim & unc]ta91 are n[ beg9n+ to be put into relation ) physical facts asc]ta9$ by mod]n sci5tific obs]vation4 #fj ,see ,! ,ice ,age 9 ,canada1 by ! au?or4 ,montreal3 #ahic4 ,we h already se5 h[ ! ,deluge /ory & ! fate ( ! ant$iluvians h int]wov5 !mselves ) ! my?s & sup]/itions ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,! six great gods ( ! ,egyptian pan!on repres5t ! creative days1 & ! ',sons ( ,horus' ! ant$iluvians4 ,s we h ! t5 patri>*s or k+s ( ! old ,*aldeans correspond+ to ^? ( ,g5esis1 & ! heav5-defy+ ,titans ( ! old my?ologies repres5t+ ! giants be=e ! ,flood4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 no illu/ration ( ?is is m pat5t or m t\*+ ?an t well-kn[n "o ( ,i%t>1 ! ,a/>te ( ! ,syrians1 ! ,artemis ( ! ,greeks1 & :o has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! *ief female div9ity ( _m o!r anci5t nations1 ev5 ) t ,diana :om 'all ,asia & ! inhabit$ _w wor%ippe?4' ,! ,*aldean deluge tablets = ! fir/ "t introduce h] to u z an ant$iluvian goddess1 & in=m u t %e is ! deifi$ "m ( m51 ! same ) ! ,biblical ,i%a1 or ,eve4 ,9 ! crisis ( ! ,deluge we are told1 ',i%t> spoke l a little *ild1 ! great goddess pron\nc$ h] disc\rse4 ,behold h[ mank9d has return$ to clay4 ,i am ! "m :o br\ght =? m51 & l ! fi%es !y fill ! sea4 ,! gods because ( ! angels ( ! abyss are weep+ ) me4' ,i%t> is ?us ! "m ( m51 h]self deifi$ & gone into ! heav5s1 b ev5 !re m\rn+ ov] h] hapless *ildr54 ,%e may be a />-goddess1 or ! moon may be h] emblem2 b = all t %e appe>s 9 ?is old leg5d z a deifi$ human "m1 ) a "m's he>t ye>n+ ov] ! prog5y t _h sprung f h] womb1 & _h be5 n\ri%$ 9 h] brea/4 ,x 0 ?is1 m ?an h] cresc5t or />ry diadem1 t comm5d$ h] wor%ip to h] *ildr54 ,h] repres5tative 9 ,g5esis1 ! fir/ "m1 ,i%a1 or ,eve1 is no goddess1 b a woman4 ,yet is %e ! emblem ( life & ! "m ( a promis$ ,r$eem] ( humanity1 :o is to undo ! results ( s9 & to re/ore ! ,p>adise ( ,god bruis+ ! head ( ! great s]p5t :o1 9 ! ,*aldean z 9 ! ,hebrew /ory1 repres5ts ! p[] ( evil4 ,i%t> has be5 repres5t$ z ! bride ( ! god ,tammuz1 ! ,adonis#fa ( ! ,greeks1 & ^: wor%ip 0 "o ( ! idolatries t l$ ! wom5 ( ,israel a/ray1 'weep+ = ,tammuz'2#fb b x n[ appe>s t1 accord+ to ! olde/ doctr9e1 %e is 8 "m1#fc & he 0 a 'keep] ( %eep1' dwell+ 9 ,ed51 or ,id9u1 & murd]$ by 8 bro!r ,ad>1 :o is also a god1 & m especially ! god ( w>4 ,9 %ort1 ! /ory ( ,i%t>1 ,tammuz1 & ,ad>1 ! p>5t ( s _m my?s1 is m]ely ! famili> "o ( ,ca9 & ,abel4 ,h5ce ! belief t ! murd] ( ,tammuz 0 connect$ ) ! ,deluge1 & h5ce ! annual lam5tation ( ! wom5 = ,tammuz :5 ! spr+ inundations swell$ & r$d5$ ! wat]s ( ! /reams--a rite possibly ev5 ant$iluvian1 & commemorative ( ! m\rn+ ( ! fir/ "m = h] sla9 son1 to rescue :om x 0 fabl$ t %e ev5 desc5d$ into ,hades4 #fa ,f ! ,semitic title ',adonai1' my ,"l4 #fb ,ezekiel viii4 #ad4 #fc ,sayce1 ,hibb]t ,lectures4 ,opp]t reg>ds ! leg5d ( ,tammuz & ,i%t> z a sol> my?1 & supposes t ! /ory ( ,ca9 & ,abel 0 bas$ on x4 ,b a family hi/ory ( crime & sorr[ is a mu* m real & probable ?+ z a basis = tradition ?an a sol> my?1 & naturali/s at lea/ w be dispos$ to inv]t ! !ory1 & to believe t ! simple ,bible /ory 0 ! f\ndation ( all ! v>i$ cults & sup]/itions t clu/]$ r\nd ,i%t> & ,tammuz1 z well z p]sonages l ,osiris & ,isis1 :o seem to h be5 lat] avat>s1 or revivals ( ! same tale4 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ t ! deluge /ory has intimate connections ) o!r anci5t my?s & sup]/itions1 z well z ) ! results ( mod]n ar*ology & geology4 ,b 7 ?is all1 our inquiry1 h[ev] int]e/+ & curi\s1 w\ld h little practical value4 ,x has two important be>+s on ! pres5t "t4 ,*ri/ianity bases itself1 its f\nd] ,himself be+ witness1 on ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis1 z hi/ory & prophecy1 & ! treatm5t :i* ^! anci5t & inspir$ records h met ) 9 mod]n times at ! h&s ( de/ructive criticism is do+ its wor/ 9 aid ( ! anti-99,*ri/ian t5d5cies ( our "t4 ,to remove ! d\bts t h be5 ca/ on ^! old records is !re=e a cle> ga9 to ! highe/ int]e/s ( humanity1 & if !ology & philology are unable to secure ?is b5efit1 natural sci5ce may well /ep =w>d to l5d its aid4 ,ano!r connection ) pres5t int]e/s dep5ds on ! fact t1 :ile sup]/itions ak9 to t :i* deifi$ ! "m ( ! promis$ se$1 & introduc$ ! _w-wide cults ( ,a/>te & ,aphrodite1 /ill reign ov] great masses ( m51 absolute mat]ialism & desp]ate /ruggle = exi/5ce among m5 & nations are gr[+ & ext5d+ !mselves z nev] be=e s9ce ! ant$iluvian times1 & are provok+ a l signal & direful v5geance4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is1 ,*ri/ians look =w>d to ! second com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to de/roy ! p[]s ( evil & to inaugurate a bett] "t2 & x 0 ,he :o said1 ',z x came to pass 9 ! days ( ,noah1 ev5 s %all x be 9 ! days ( ! ,son ( ,man4' ,let u rememb] ! old /ory ( ! flood ( ,noah le/ ^? days come on u unaw>es4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,& ,,hi/oric ,,9 ,,! ,,ea/ ,! t]m prehi/oric 0 fir/ us$ by my fri5d ,sir ,daniel ,wilson 9 8 ,prehi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&4 ,x 0 int5d$ to express '! :ole p]iod disclos$ to u by ar*ological evid5ce z di/+ui%$ f :at is kn[n by writt5 records4' ,z ,wilson himself rem9ds u1 ! t]m has no def9ite *ronological significance1 s9ce hi/oric records1 prop]ly s-call$1 ext5d back 9 diff]5t places to v diff]5t times4 ,) ref]5ce1 = example1 to ! ,*aldean & ,hebrew peoples1 if we take _! writt5 records z hi/ory1 ?is ext5ds back to ! ,deluge at lea/4 ,writt5 hi/ory 9 ,egypt rea*es to at lea/ #cjjj ye>s ,b4,c41 :ile 9 ,brita9 x ext5ds no f>!r ?an to ! l&+ ( ,julius ,cs>1 & 9 ,am]ica to ! fir/ voyage ( ,columbus4 ,9 ,pale/9e we possess writt5 records back to ! "t ( ,abraham1 b ^! relate ma9ly to ! ,hebrew p4 ,( ! populations :i* prec$$ ! ,abrahamic immigration1 ^? ',canaanites :o 7 already 9 ! l&1' we h little hi/ory be=e ! ,exodus1 except ! rem>kable lett]s rec5tly une>!d at ,tel-el-,am>na1 9 ,egypt4 ,9 ,egypt we h v e>ly records ( ! dwell]s on ! ,nile1 b ( ! ,arabian & ,african peoples1 :om !y call$ ,pun & ,ke%1 & ! ,asiatic peoples1 :om !y knew z ,*eta & ,hyksos1 we h till lately kn[n little m ?an _! names & ! repres5tations ( !m on ,egyptian monum5ts4 ,9 bo? c\ntries !re may be uns\nd$ dep?s ( unwritt5 hi/ory be=e ! fir/ ,egyptian dyna/y1 & be=e ! ,abrahamic clan cross$ ! ,jordan4 ,:at1 !n1 9 ,egypt & ,pale/9e may be reg>d$ z prehi/oric8 ,i w\ld answ]--7#a7 ,! geographical & o!r conditions ( ^! c\ntries imm$iately be=e ! adv5t ( man4 7#b7 ,! evid5ce :i* !y af=d ( ! exi/5ce1 habits1 & hi/ory ( man 9 p]iods altoge!r antec$5t to any writt5 hi/ory1 except su* notes z we h 9 ! ,bible & else:]e z to ! s-call$ ant$iluvian _w4 7#c7 ,! facts glean$ by ar*ological evid5ce z to tribes kn[n to u by no records ( _! own1 b only by occasional notices 9 ! hi/ory or monum5ts ( o!r peoples4 ,9 ,egypt & ,pale/9e su* peoples z ! ,hyksos1 ! ,anakim1 ! ,amalekites1 ! ,hittites1 & ,amorites are ( ?is k9d1 ?\gh contempor>y ) hi/oric peoples4 ,prehi/oric annals may ?us1 9 ^! c\ntries1 embrace a wide scope1 & may introduce u to unexpect$ facts & que/ions respect+ primitive humanity4 ,i propose 9 ! pres5t *apt] to direct att5tion to "s po9ts :i* may be reg>d$ z def9itely asc]ta9$ 9 s f> z ar*ological evid5ce c give any c]ta9ty1 ?\gh ,i _c pret5d1 9 s limit$ a space1 to ent] into details z to _! evid5ce4 ,be=e proce$+1 ,i may ref] by way ( illu/ration to ano!r in/ance br\ght into v prom95t relief by ! publication ( ,s*u*>dt's "w on ,s*liemann's excavations4 ,we all "k h[ %ad[y & unreal to our y\?ful m9ds 7 ! ,hom]ic /ories ( ! h]oic age ( ,greece1 & our fai? & c]ta9ty 7 n increas$ :5 we read 9 ! works ( le>n$ ,g]man critics t ! ,hom]ic poems 7 composite productions ( an age mu* lat] ?an t to :i* !y 7 suppos$ to belong1 & t _! ev5ts 7 r my?s ?an hi/ory4 ,h[ completely has all ?is be5 *ang$ by ! discov]ies ( ,s*liemann & 8 foll[]s6 ,n[ we c /& on ! v ?re%old ov] :i* ,priam & ,hector walk$4 ,we c see ! jewels t may h adorn$ ,hel5 or ,&roma*e4 ,we c see d\ble-h&l$ cups l t ( old ,ne/or1 & c recognise ! inlaid "w ( ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 & c walk 9 ! halls ( ,agamemnon4 ,?us ! old ,hom]ic h]oes become real m51 z ^? ( our "t1 & we c und]/& _! political & comm]cial relations ) o!r old peoples be=e q z %ad[y4 ,rec5t discov]ies 9 ,egypt take u /ill f>!r back4 ,we n[ f9d t ! ',hanebu1' :o invad$ ,egypt 9 ! days ( ! ,hebrew patri>*s1 7 prehi/oric ,greeks1 already civilis$1 & probably possess+ lett]s ages be=e ! date ( ! ,trojan ,w>4 ,s x is ) ! ,bible hi/ory1 :5 we see ! contempor>y pictures ( ! ,egyptian slaves toil+ at _! bricks1 or :5 we /& 9 ! pres5ce ( ! mummy ( ,rameses ,,ii4 & "k t we look on ! face ( ! ,ph>aoh :o enslav$ ! ,hebrews1 & f ^: pres5ce ,moses fl$4 ,su* discov]ies give reality to hi/ory1 & simil> discov]ies are daily c>ry+ u back to old ev5ts1 & to nations ( :om !re 0 no hi/ory :atev]1 & are mak+ !m l our daily fri5ds & companions4 ,a notable case is t ( ! *ildr5 ( ,he?1 kn[n to u only incid5tally by a few memb]s ( ! nation :o came 9 contact ) ! e>ly ,hebrews4 ,sudd5ly we f\nd t ^! p 7 ! great & =midable ,kheta1 or ,khatti1 :o cont5d$ on equal t]ms ) ! ,egyptians & ,assyrians = ! empire ( ,we/]n ,asia2 & :5 we began to look = _! rema9s1 !re appe>$1 "o aft] ano!r1 /one monum5ts1 seals1 & engrav$ objects1 record+ _! =m & _! greatness1 till ! tables h q be5 turn$1 & !re is dang] t we may atta* too mu* importance to _! ag5cy 9 times ( :i* we h sc>cely any writt5 hi/ory4 ,?us1 j z ! qu>ry & ! m9e reveal to u ! fossil rema9s ( animals & plants great 9 _! "t1 b long s9ce pass$ away1 s d ! spade & pick ( ! excavator con/antly turn up = u ! bones & ! works ( a fossil & prehi/oric humanity4 ,egypt may be said to h no prehi/oric p]iod1 & our task ) x w be limit$ to %[+ t its writt5 hi/ory sc>cely goes back z f> z _m ,egyptologi/s suppose & confid5tly affirm1 & t beyond ?is x has z yet af=d$ no?+4 ,egypt1 9 %ort1 old ?\gh x seems1 is really a new c\ntry4 ,:5 its prie/s1 accord+ to ,plato1 taunt$ ,solon ) ! newness ( ! ,greeks & ref]r$ to ! old we/]n empire ( ,atlantis1 !y 7 probably trad+ on traditions ( ant$iluvian times1 :i* _h no m relation to ! actual hi/ory ( ! ,egyptian p ?an to t ( ! ,greeks4 ,! lime/ones & s&/ones :i* b\nd ! ,nile valley1 sometimes ris+ 9 precipit\s cliffs f ! bank ( ! /ream1 sometimes rec$+ = _m miles beyond ! edge ( ! gre5 alluvial pla91 are rocks =m$ 9 cretace\s & e>ly t]ti>y times "u ! sea1 :5 all ,nor!rn ,africa & ,we/]n ,asia 7 b5ea? ! ocean4 ,:5 rais$ f ! sea-b$ to =m l&1 !y 7 v>i\sly b5t & fractur$1 & ! ,nile valley occupies a rift or fault1 :i*1 ly+ betwe5 ! h>d ridges ( ! ,arabian hills on ! ea/ & ! m g5tle elevations ( ! ,nubian des]t on ! we/1 af=d$ an outlet = ! wat]s ( int]ior ,africa & = ! great floods :i* 9 ! ra9y season p\r d[n f ! m\nta9s ( ,abyss9ia4 ,?is outlet has be5 available & has be5 9 process ( erosion by runn+ wat] f a p]iod long ant]ior to ! adv5t ( man1 & ) ?is e>ly pre-human hi/ory belong+ to ! mioc5e & plioc5e p]iods ( geology we h no ne$ to m$dle1 except to /ate t x 0 clos$ by a great subsid5ce1 t ( ! plei/oc5e or glacial p]iod1 :5 ! l& ( ,nor? ,africa & ,we/]n ,asia 0 depress$ sev]al hundr$ feet1 :5 ,africa 0 sep>at$ f ,asia1 :5 ! ,nile valley 0 an arm ( ! sea1 & :5 sea-%ells 7 deposit$ on ! ris+ gr\nds ( ,l[] ,egypt at a height ( two hundr$ feet or m4#fd ,su* rais$ bea*es are f\nd n only 9 ! ,nile valley b on ! %ores ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 &1 z we %all see1 along ! coa/ ( ,pale/9e2 b1 s f> z kn[n1 no rema9s ( man h be5 f\nd 9 connection ) !m4 ,?is great depression mu/1 h[ev]1 geologically speak+1 h be5 n mu* e>li] ?an ! adv5t ( man1 s9ce 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w we f9d human rema9s 9 deposits ( ! next succe$+ era4 #fd ,hull1 ,geology ( ,pale/9e & adjac5t ,di/ricts1 ,pale/9e ,exploration ,fund4 ,dawson1 ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 p4 #caa & ,app5dix4 ,ref]5ces w be f\nd 9 ^! works to ! lab\rs ( ,fraas1 ,s*we9fur?1 & o!rs4 ,?is next p]iod1 t kn[n to geologi/s z ! po/-glacial or e>ly mod]n1 0 *>act]is$ by an entire *ange ( physical conditions4 ,! cont95ts ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 7 high] & wid] ?an n[4 ,! details ( ?is we h already consid]$1 & h se5 t at ?is "t ! ,m$it]ranean 0 divid$ into two bas9s1 & a broad fr+e ( l[ l&1 n[ subm]g$1 lay ar\nd its ea/]n end4 ,?is 0 ! age ( ^? e>ly paloli?ic or palocosmic m5 ^: rema9s are f\nd 9 ! cav]ns & gravels ( ,europe & ,asia4 ,:at 0 ! condition ( ,egypt at ?is "t8 ,! ,nile mu/ h be5 fl[+ 9 its valley2 b !re 0 probably a wat]fall or cat>act at ,silsilis 9 ,upp] ,egypt1 & rapids l[] d[n1 & ! alluvial pla9 0 mu* less ext5sive ?an n[ & =e/-clad1 :ile ! riv] seems to h be5 unable to rea* ! ,m$it]ranean & to h turn$ abruptly ea/w>d1 dis*>g+ into a lake :]e ! ,i/hmus ( ,suez n[ is1 & probably runn+ !nce into ! ,r$ ,sea1 s t at ?is "t ! wat]s ( ! ,nile approa*$ v ne> to ^? ( ! ,jordan1 a fact :i* acc\nts = t simil>ity ( _! mod]n fauna :i* has be5 rem>k$ by s _m naturali/s4 ,i h myself collect$ 9 ! deposits ( ?is old lake1 ne> ,ismailia1 fre%-wat] %ells ( k9ds n[ liv+ 9 ! ,upp] ,nile4 ,if at ?is "t m5 visit$ ! ,nile valley1 !y mu/ h be5 only a few bold hunt]s 9 se>* ( game1 & hav+ _! p]man5t homes on ! ,m$it]ranean pla9s n[ subm]g$4 ,if !y left any rema9s we %\ld f9d ^! 9 cav]ns or rock %elt]s1 or 9 ! old gravels belong+ to ?is p]iod :i* "h & !re project ?r\gh ! alluvial pla94 ,at "o ( ^! places1 ,jebel ,ass>t1 ne> ,!bes1 ,g5]al ,pitt-,riv]s has satisfi$ himself ( ! occurr5ce ( fl9t *ips :i* may h be5 ( human workman%ip2#fe b aft] a day's collect+ at ! spot1 ,i fail$ to conv9ce myself t ! num]\s fl9t flakes 9 ! gravel 7 o!r ?an accid5tal fragm5ts4 ,if !y really are fl9t knives !y are old] ?an ! p]iod we are n[ consid]+1 & mu/ be mu* old] ?an ! fir/ dyna/y ( ! ,egyptian hi/oric k+s4#ff ,^! gravels 7 inde$1 9 e>ly ,egyptian times1 s consolidat$ t tombs 7 excavat$ 9 !m4 ,indep5d5tly ( ?is case1 ,i "k ( no tru/wor?y evid5ce ( ! resid5ce ( ! e>lie/ m5 9 ,egypt4 ,yet we "k t at ?is "t rude hunt+ tribes _h spread !mselves ov] ,we/]n ,asia1 & ov] ,europe z f> z ! ,atlantic1 & 7 slay+ ! mammo?1 ! hairy rh9oc]os1 ! wild horse1 & o!r animals n[ ext9ct4 ,!y 7 ! s-call$ 'paloli?ic' or hi/orically ant$iluvian m51 belong+1 l ! animals !y hunt$1 to ext9ct races1 q dissimil> physically f ! hi/orical ,egyptians4 ,& yet 9 a rec5t review ( ! late ,miss ,edw>ds's *>m+ "w1 ,ph>aohs1 ,fellahs1 & ,explor]s1 %e 0 tak5 to task by an em95t ,egyptologi/ = /atem5ts simil> to ! above4 ,on ! evid5ce ( two additional f9ds ( fl9t implem5ts on ! surface1 he affirms ! exi/5ce ( man 9 ,egypt at a "t :5 '! ,arabian des]ts 7 cov]$ ) v]dure & int]sect$ by num]\s /reams1' t is1 geologically speak+1 9 ! e>ly plei/oc5e or plioc5e p]iod1 or ev5 9 ! mioc5e6 #fe ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ological ,society1 #ahha4 ,haynes's ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 #ff ,dawson1 ,egypt & ,syria1 p4 #adi4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 !re=e1 ,egypt is to ! prehi/oric annali/ n an old c\ntry--less old inde$ ?an ,france & ,engl&1 9 bo? ( :i* we f9d evid5ce ( ! resid5ce ( ! paloli?ic cave m5 ( ! mammo? age4 ,?us1 :5 we g beyond local hi/ory into ! prehi/oric pa/1 our judgm5t z to ! relative age ( c\ntries may be /rangely rev]s$4 ,x is true t 9 ,egypt1 z 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries1 fl9t flakes1 or o!r work$ fl9ts1 are common on ! surface & 9 ! sup]ficial soil2 b !re is no good evid5ce t !y did n belong to hi/oric times4 ,a vivid light has be5 ?r[n on ?is po9t by ,petrie's discov]y1 9 dbris attribut$ to ! age ( ! twelf? dyna/y1 or approximately t ( ! ,hebrew patri>*s1 ( a wood5 sickle ( ! ord9>y %ape1 b arm$ ) fl9t fakes s]rat$ at _! edges1#fg ?\gh ! h&le is beautifully curv$ 9 su* a mann] z to give a bett] & m conv5i5t hold ?an ) ^? n[ 9 use4 ,?is primitive implem5t pres5ts to u ! ,egyptian f>m] ( t age reap+ 8 fields ( :eat & b>ley ) implem5ts simil> to ^? ( ! palocosmic m54 ,no d\bt1 at ! same "t1 he us$ a h>r[ arm$ ) rude fl9ts1 & may h us$ fl9t flakes = cutt+ wood or = po9t+ 8 arr[s4 ,yet he 0 a memb] ( a civilis$ & highly-organis$ nation1 :i* c\ld execute great works ( canalisation & embankm5t1 & c\ld con/ruct tombs & temples t h n s9ce be5 surpass$4 ,c we d\bt t ! common p 9 ,pale/9e & o!r neighb\r+ c\ntries 7 equally 9 ! fl9t age1 or be surpris$ t1 some:at lat]1 ,jo%ua us$ fl9t knives to circumcise ! ,israelites8#fh ,h[ rem>kable are ^! l9ks ( connection betwe5 e>ly ,ea/]n civilisation & ! /one age6 & !y relate to m]e flakes1 su* z if f\nd sep>ately might be /yl$ 'paloli?ic4' #fg ,kahun & ,g>ob1 ,egyptian ,exploration ,fund publications4 #fh ,jo%ua v4 #b1 m>g9al read+4 ,9 accordance ) all ?is1 :5 we exam9e ! t5ants ( ! olde/ ,egyptian tombs1 :o are kn[n to u by _! sculptur$ /atues & _! c>v$ & pa9t$ portraits1 we f9d !m to be ! same ) ! ,egyptians ( hi/oric times1 & n v dissimil> f ! mod]n ,copts1 & we also f9d t _! arts & civilisation 7 n v unlike ^? ( comp>atively late date4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s po9ts 9 :i* ! e>ly condition ( ev5 hi/oric ,egypt 0 diff]5t f ! pres5t or f any?+ record$ 9 writt5 hi/ory4 ,i h else:]e endeav\r$1 ) ! aid ( my fri5d ,dr4 ,s*we9fur?1 to re/ore ! appe>ance ( ! ,nile valley :5 fir/ visit$ by man 9 ! po/-diluvial p]iod4 ,x 0 !n probably d5sely wood$ ) =e/s simil> to ^? 9 ! mod]n ,s\dan1 & mu/ h sw>m$ ) animal life 9 ! air1 on ! l&1 & 9 ! wat]1 includ+ _m =midable & dang]\s bea/s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to a p d]iv$ f ! ,euphratean pla9s & accu/om$ to irrigation1 x mu/ h seem$ a v g>d5 ( ! ,"l 9 its f]tility & res\rces4 ,!re is good reason to cr$it ! ,egyptian traditions t ! fir/ coloni/s cross$ ov] f ,s\!rn ,arabia by ! ,r$ ,sea f t l& ( ,pun to :i* ! ,egyptians attribut$ _! !ology1 & settl$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,abydos1 & t !y made _! way !nce to ! nor?w>d1 at a "t :5 ! delta 0 yet a m]e swamp1#fi & :5 !y _h sl[ly to ext5d _! cultivation 9 ,l[] ,egypt by dikes & canals4 ,if we ask :5 ! fir/ immigrants arriv$1 we are met by ! mo/ extravagantly v>i$ e/imates1 d]iv$ ma9ly f attempts to d$uce a *ronology f ! dyna/ic li/s ( ,egyptian k+s4 ,t ^! are v unc]ta91 & 9 "p duplicat$1 is n[ g5]ally und]/ood1 b /ill !re is a t5d5cy to ask = a "t f> exce$+ t = :i* we h any good w>rant 9 au!ntic hi/ory else:]e4 ,h]odotus e/imat$ ! "t necess>y = ! deposition ( ! mud ( ! delta at #bj1jjj ye>s2 b if we assume t ?is deposit has be5 =m$ s9ce ! l& approximately atta9$ to its pres5t level1 all[+ = "s subsid5ce 9 ! delta 9 consequ5ce ( ! weight ( s$im5t1 & e/imat+ ! av]age rate ( deposition at "o fifte5? ( an in* p] annum1 :i* is z l[ an am\nt z c probably be assum$1 we %all h numb]s rang+ f #e1cjj to ab\t #g1jjj ye>s = ! lapse ( "t s9ce ! delta 0 a bay ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 #fi ,h]odotus1 ,book ,,ii4 *ap4 #ae4 ,x is true t ! rec5t bor+s 9 ! delta1 "u ! (fic]s ( ! ,briti% ,eng9e]s1 h %[n a great dep? 9 "s places )\t rea*+ ! orig9al bottom ( ! old bay4 ,"s geologi/s h accord+ly inf]r$ f ?is a mu* great] age = ! deposit ?an t above /at$1#gj & 9 ?is !y are 9 "o respect ju/ifi$2 b !y h to be> 9 m9d t only ! upp] "p ( ! mat]ial belongs to ! mod]n p]iod4 ,a va/ ?ickness is due to ! plei/oc5e & plioc5e ages1 :5 ! ,nile 0 cutt+ out its valley & deposit+ ! excavat$ mat]ial 9 ! sea at its m\?4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ! bor+s proves by _! composition t ?is is actually ! case4#ga ,geologi/s :o h be5 guid$ by ^! facts 9 _! e/imates ( "t h be5 taunt$ z affirm+ t a great diluvial cata/rophe occurr$ :ile quiet gov]nm5t & civilis$ life 7 go+ on 9 ,egypt4 ,! evid5ce = ?is e>ly date ( ,egyptian colonisation ( ! ,nile valley is1 z ev]yone kn[s1 d\btful1 & x might be retort$ t ar*ologi/s repres5t ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t z dat+ f a p]iod :5 ! ,nile valley 0 an inl& di/rict1 & :5 ! c5tres ( human population mu/ h be51 pr9cipally at lea/1 on l&s n[ subm]g$4 #gj ,judd1 ,report to ,royal ,society1 #ahhe4 #ga ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s1 :]e evid5ce ( simil> dates 9 o!r c\ntries is /at$4 ,z an example ( ! fanciful way 9 :i* ?is subject is sometimes treat$1 ,i may cite ! fabul\s antiquity attribut$ to ! great sph9x ( ,gizeh4 ,we are told t x is ! mo/ anci5t monum5t 9 ,egypt1 ant$at+ ! pyramids1 & belong+ to ! "t ( ! my/ic ',hor%esu1' or p ( ,horus1 ( ,egyptian tradition4 ,9 "o s5se ?is is true1 s9ce ! sph9x is m]ely an undi/urb$ mass ( ! eoc5e lime/one ( ! plateau4 ,b its =m mu/ h be5 giv5 to x aft] ! surr\nd+ lime/one 0 qu>ri$ away by ! build]s ( ! pyramids1 & consequ5tly long aft] ! f\nd+ ( ,memphis by ! fir/ ,egyptian k+ ,m5a4 ,! sph9x is1 9 %ort1 a block ( /one left by ! qu>rym51 & probably %ap$ by !m z an appropriate monum5t to ! workm5 :o di$ :ile ! neighb\r+ pyramids 7 be+ built4 ,a simil> monum5t1 ( imm5sely great] antiquity f a geological po9t ( view1 exi/s ne> ,montreal1 9 a huge b\ld] ( ,laur5tian gneiss1 plac$ on a p$e/al by ! workm5 employ$ on ! ,victoria ,bridge1 9 memory ( immigrants :o di$ ( %ip fev] 9 ! ye>s :5 ! bridge 0 be+ built4 ,x foll[s f all ?is t ! monum5tal hi/ory ( ,egypt1 ext5d+ to ab\t #cjjj ye>s ,b4,c41 gives u ! :ole /ory ( ! c\ntry1 unless "s *ance memorial ( a population belong+ to ! po/-glacial age %\ld 9 future be f\nd4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ?+s 9 ,egypt :i* illu/rate prehi/oric times 9 o!r c\ntries1 & "s ( ^! h lately ?r[n a new & /range light on ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,pale/9e1 & especially on ! ,bible hi/ory4 ,"o ( ! k+s ( ! eighte5? dyna/y1 ^: hi/orical position 0 probably betwe5 ! "t ( ,joseph & t ( ,moses1 ,amunoph ,,iii41 is believ$ to h m>ri$ an ,asiatic wife1 & "u h] influ5ce1 he & 8 successor1 ,amunoph ,,iv41 or ,khu en-,at51 seem to h sw]v$ f ! old poly!ism ( ,egypt1 & introduc$ a new wor%ip1 t ( ,at51 a god visibly repres5t$ by ! disk ( ! sun1 &1 !re=e1 9 "s s5se id5tical ) ,ra1 ! *ief god ( ,egypt2 b !re 0 some?+ 9 ?is new wor%ip (f5sive to ! prie/s ( ,ra4 ,p]haps x 0 reg>d$ z a ,semitic or ,asiatic innovation1 or l$ to ! introduction ( unpopul> ,semitic prie/s & (fic]s4 ,amunoph ,,iv4 consequ5tly ab&on$ ! royal resid5ce at ,!bes1 & e/abli%$ a new capital at a place n[ call$ ,tel-el-,am>na1 almo/ at ! b\nd>y ( ,upp] & ,l[] ,egypt1 & f ?is place he rul$ n only ,egypt b a va/ region 9 ,we/]n ,asia1 :i* _h be5 subject$ to ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t 9 ! reign ( ! ?ird ,amunoph4 ,f ^! subject di/ricts1 ext5d+ f ! fronti]s ( ,egypt to ,asia ,m9or on ! nor?1 & to ! ,euphrates on ! ea/1 came great numb]s ( despat*es to ! ,ph>aoh1 & ^! 7 writt5 n on papyrus or sk91 b on tablets ( clay h>d5$ by bak+1 & ! writ+ 0 n t ( ,egypt1 b ! arr[-head script ( ,*aldea1 :i* seems at ?is "t to h be5 ! curr5t writ+ ?r\gh\t ,we/]n ,asia4#gb #gb ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t x may really h be5 a language ( diplomacy m]ely1 & may h be5 us$ by ! ,semitic ag5ts ( ,amunoph z a ciph] to communicate ) ! ,egyptian c\rt1 & :i* c\ld n be read by mess5g]s or enemies acqua9t$ only ) ,hittite or ,egyptian hi]oglyphics or ) ! ,phnician *>act]s4 ,= a simil> case see #b ,k+s xviii4 #bf4 ,! scribes ( ! ,egyptian k+ read ^! docum5ts1 answ]$ !m z direct$ by _! ma/]1 docket$ !m1 & laid !m up = ref]5ce2 &1 /range to say1 a few ye>s ago1 ,arabs1 digg+ 9 ! old m\nds1 br\ght !m to light1 & we h be=e u1 translat$ into ,engli%1 a great numb] ( lett]s1 writt5 f cities ( ,pale/9e & its vic9ity ab\t a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,exodus1 & giv+ u ^w-pictures ( ! politics & conflicts ( ! ,canaanites & ,hittites & o!r peoples1 long be=e ,jo%ua came 9 contact ) !m4 ,among o!r ?+s 9 ?is correspond5ce1 we f9d rem>kable confirmation ( ! sacr$ & political influ5ce ( ,j]usalem1 :i* ! ,bible pres5ts to u 9 ! widely sep>at$ /ories ( ,mel*is$ec1 k+ ( ,salem1 9 ! "t ( ,abraham1 & ( ! suz]a9ty ( ,adoniz$ec1 k+ ( ,j]usalem1 9 ! "t ( ,jo%ua4 ,at ! "t 9 "q1 ,j]usalem 0 rul$ by a k+ or *ief1 subject to ,egypt1 b1 z 9 ! times ( ,abraham & ,jo%ua1 ex]cis+ "s head%ip ov] neighb\r+ cities4 ,he compla9s ( c]ta9 ho/ile peoples call$ *abiri1 a "n suppos$ by ,zimmel#gc to be equival5t to ,ibrim or ,hebrews1 :i* to "s may seem /range1 z ! ,israelites 71 accord+ to ! g5]ally receiv$ *ronology1 at ?is "t 9 ,egypt4 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t accord+ to ! ,bible ! ,israelites 7 n ! only '*ildr5 ( ,eb]4' ,! ,edomites1 ,moabites1 ,ammonites1 ,i%maelites1 & ,midianites 7 equally entitl$ to ?is "n2 & we "k1 f ! second *apt] ( ,deut]onomy1 t ^! 7 w>like & intrusive peoples1 :o _h1 be=e ! ,exodus1 dispossess$ sev]al native tribes1 s t we d n wond] at ! fact t a k+ ( ,j]usalem might h be5 suff]+ f _! attacks long be=e ! ,exodus4#gd ,x may be not$ incid5tally "h1 t ?is wide application ( ! t]m ,hebrew accords ) ! use ( ! "n ,ap]iu = ,semitic peoples o!r ?an ,israelites 9 ,egypt4 #gc ,inaugural ,lecture1 ,halle1 #ahia4 ,possibly ^! p 7 m]ely 'conf$]ate' ,hittites & ,amorites 7,sayce1 ,records cf ! ,pa/74 #gd ,i _c agree ) ,cond] t ! ,exodus took place z e>ly z ! "t ( ,amunoph ,,iii4 ,! evid5ce we h f ,egyptian s\rces pla9ly indicates "o ( ! imm$iate successors ( ,rameses ,,ii4 z ! ,ph>aoh ( ! ,exodus4 ,we h "h also a note on an obscure passage 9 ! life ( ,moses1 namely1 8 app>5t want ( acqua9tance ) ! "n ,jehovah until reveal$ to him at ,horeb4#ge ,n[1 z report$ 9 ,exodus1 ,moses 9 t int]view address$ ,god z ',adon1' :i* is suppos$ to be ! ,hebrew equival5t ( ',at51' ! mean+ be+ ,"l4 ,?is is a curi\s incid5tal agreem5t ) ! preval5ce ( ! ,at5 wor%ip 9 ,egypt1 & %[s t ?is "n may h be5 curr5tly us$ by ! ,israelites1 ^: ,god ,moses himself calls ,adon1 till comm&$ to use ! "n ,jehovah4 #ge ,exodus iii4 #af et seqq4 ,?is passage has be5 (t5 misund]/ood1 b x c]ta9ly %[s t ! "n ,jehovah _h become ne>ly obsolete among ! ,hebrews 9 ,egypt1 & t ! "n usually giv5 to ,god 0 ,adon or ,at54 ,a second po9t ( contact ( ,egypt & ,pale/9e is 9 ! pa9t+ & sculptures ( ho/ile & conqu]$ nations 9 ,egyptian temples & tombs4 ,^! 7 evid5tly int5d$ to be portraits1 & an admirable s]ies ( !m has be5 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,petrie "u a commission f ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce4 ,by means ( ^! excell5t photographs1 n[ be=e me1 we c see = ourselves ! physiognomy & =m ( head ( ! ,amorite1 ,phili/9e1 ,hittite1 & _m o!r peoples previ\sly kn[n to u only by "n & a few hi/orical facts2 & ?us ) _! correspond5ce1 z pres]v$ 9 ! ,tel-el-,am>na tablets1 & _! pictures z giv5 by ,petrie1 we h !m be=e u mu* z we h ! spee*es & portraits ( our contempor>ies 9 ! illu/rat$ newspap]s1 & c v5ture to express "s op9ion z to _! e?nic aff9ities & appe>ance1 & c judge m accurately z to ! famili> /atem5ts ( ! ,bible respect+ !m4#gf ,la/ly1 ,masp]o & ,tomk9s h1 ) ! aid ( ! names fix$ by ! survey ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e1 revis$ ! li/s giv5 by ,?o?mes ,,iii41 9 ! temple ( ,k>nak1 ( ! places :i* ?is ,egyptian ,alex&] _h conqu]$2 & !y h ?us v]ifi$ ! ,hebrew geography ( ! ,books ( ,jo%ua & ,judges4 #gf ,sayce1 ,races ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,religi\s ,tract ,society4 ,ano!r unexpect$ acquisition is ! solution ( ! my/]y :i* has en%r\d$ t my/]i\s p kn[n z ,hyksos or %eph]d k+s1 :o invad$ ,egypt ab\t ! "t ( ! ,hebrew patri>*s1 &1 aft] keep+ ! ,egyptians 9 subjection = c5turies1 7 f9ally expell$ by ! pr$ecessors ( ! ,amunoph already ref]r$ to4 ,!y con/itute a great feature 9 e>ly ,egyptian hi/ory1 b disappe> my/]i\sly1 leav+ no trace b a few sculptur$ heads1 ,turanian 9 aspect & m>k$ly contra/+ ) ^? ( ! native ,egyptians4 ,x n[ appe>s t a p ( ,nor!rn ,syria & ,mesopotamia1 kn[n to ! ,egyptians at a lat] "t z ,mitanni1 & :o 7 neighb\rs ( & associat$ ) ! ,nor!rn ,hittites1 h ! features ( ! ,hyksos4 ,x also seems f a lett] 9 ! ,tel-el-,am>na tablets t !y spoke a non-,semitic or ,turanian language ak9 to t ( ! ,hittites4 ,?us we h trac$ ! %eph]d k+s to _! orig91 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 ,cu%anri%-a?aim1 :o oppress$ ! ,israelites 9 ! days ( ,o?niel1 seems to repres5t a lat] inroad ( ! same p4 ,su* 're/itutions ( decay$ intellig5ce' n[ meet u on e h& z ! results ( mod]n exploration1 & are enabl+ u to bridge ov] ! gaps :i* h sep>at$ ! geological ages f ! prehi/oric & hi/oric human p]iods 9 ^? anci5t c\ntries :]e civilisation seems to h orig9at$4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,nean?ropic ,,disp]sion ,,& ,,alli$ ,,topics ,! rem>kable record ( ! e>ly di/ribution ( ! sons ( ,noah 7',tol$o?' ( ! sons ( ,noah7 9 ,g5esis x4 may be reg>d$1 relatively to mo/ ( ! nations x ref]s to1 z a scrap ( prehi/oric lore ( ! mo/ int5sely int]e/+ "*4 ,f ! old ',phaleg' ( ,bo*>t to ! rec5t comm5t>ies ( ,delitzs* & o!r ,g]man s*ol>s1 x has receiv$ a ho/ ( m or less conjectural explanations2 & :ile all agree 9 extoll+ its value & importance z a ',beg9n+ ( ,hi/ory1' no?+ c be m v>i\s ?an ! views tak5 ( x4 ,only 9 ! light ( ! rec5t discov]ies & rese>*es already ref]r$ to c we arrive at a cle> conception ( its import2 b ) ^! & "s common s5se we may hope to be m =tunate ?an ! old] int]pret]s4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to expla9 "h t1 = want ( a little sci5tific precision1 _m mod]n ar*ologi/s /ill fail 9 _! int]pretations4 ,!y tell u t ! ,tol$o? are n prop]ly 'e?nological1' b r 'e?nographical1' & t we are to reg>d ! docum5t z ref]r+1 n to ! g5ealogical affiliations ( nations1 b to _! accid5tal geographical positions at ! "t ( ! record4 ,n[ ?is is precisely :at ! writ]1 ) a sure sci5tific in/9ct1 c>efully gu>ds aga9/1 & explicitly in=ms u he did n int5d4 ,he tells u t he gives ! 'g5]ations ( ! sons ( ,noah' & _! desc5dants1 & at ! ends ( ! ?ree li/s relat+ to ^! sons1 he is c>eful to say t he has giv5 !m '9 _! l&s1 ea* accord+ to 8 language1 aft] _! families1 9 _! nations1' or ! =mula is slightly v>i$ into 'aft] _! families1 aft] _! tongues1 9 _! l&s1 9 _! nations4' ,la/ly1 9 ! conclusion ( ! :ole table he reit]ates1 ',^! are ! families ( ! sons ( ,noah1 accord+ to _! g5]ations1 aft] _! nations4' ,all ^! /atem5ts1 let x be obs]v$1 are ackn[l$g$ to be p>ts ( "o 7,elohi/ic7 docum5t4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t ! writ] int5ds u to und]/& t ! det]m9+ elem5ts ( 8 classification are nei!r physical *>act]s nor accid5ts ( geographical di/ribution1 b desc5t & orig9al language--two prim>y & sci5tific gr\nds ( classification1 & :i* common s5se requires u to adh]e to 9 int]pret+ ! docum5t1 ^: value w dep5d on ! c]ta9ty ) :i* ! writ] c\ld asc]ta9 facts z to ^! crit]ia3 crit]ia :i* are1 ( c\rse1 less op5 to ! obs]vation ( lat] inquir]s1 :o may f9d difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ ei!r desc5t or orig9al language1 & 9 default ( ^! may be oblig$ to resort to o!r gr\nds ( classification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,map ,,%[+ ,,l9es ,,( ,,po/diluvian ,,migrations ,,f ,,%9>1 ,,z ,,9 ,,g5esis ,x4 ,among mod]n ar*ologi/s x has be5 a fruitful s\rce ( controv]sy :e!r we %\ld classify m5 accord+ to _! skulls or to _! tongues2 9 o!r words1 :e!r physical *>act]s or l+ui/ic %\ld be dom9ant 9 our classifications4 ,nei!r gr\nd is absolutely c]ta94 ,we may f9d long & %ort skulls 9 ! same grave-m\nd1 & !re are int]m$iate =ms :i* defy c]ta9 arrangem5t4 ,9 l mann] hi/ory assures u t p ( "o race h (t5 adopt$ ! language ( ano!r4 ,true sci5ce w>ns u t we may err unless we give a fair valuation to e available "*4 ,! e?nologi/ ( ,g5esis consid]s bo? physical & l+ui/ic *>act]s1 b bases 8 arrangem5t ma9ly on ! sure gr\nd ( desc5t along ) orig9al language4 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t if tak5 9 ! s5se obvi\sly int5d$ by ! writ]1 ! li/ w n correspond ) ! facts4 ,a few data h1 h[ev]1 to be tak5 into ! acc\nt 9 ord] to give ?is e>ly writ] fair play4 #a4 ,! record has no?+ to d ) ant$iluvian peoples or ) survivors ( ! ,deluge o!r ?an ! sons ( ,noah1 if !re 7 any su*4 ,!re=e1 ^? e?nologi/s :o are sceptical z to ! hi/orical ,deluge1 & :o po/ulate an un9t]rupt$ advance ( man ?r\gh long ages ( semi-be/ial brutality1 h no?+ 9 common ) our n>rator1 & _c possibly und]/& 8 /atem5ts4 #b4 ,! docum5t does n pr(ess to be a s]ies ( e?nological inf]5ces f ! pres5t or anci5t *>act]s ( diff]5t nations1 b an actual hi/orical /atem5t ( ! kn[n migrations ( m5 f a common c5tre 9 ,%9>1 ! ,sumir ( ! ,*aldeans4 #c4 ,x relates only to ! prim>y di/ribution ( m5 f _! alleg$ c5tre ov] c]ta9 di/ricts ( ,we/]n ,asia1 ,ea/]n ,europe1 & ,nor!rn ,africa1 & does n pr(ess to "k any?+ ( _! subsequ5t migrations or hi/ory4 #d4 ,x is ?us n responsible = ^? lat]1 ev5 if v anci5t1 *anges :i* displac$ "o race by ano!r1 or oblig$ "o race to move on by ! pressure ( ano!r1 nor = any *anges ( language or mixtures ( races :i* may h occurr$ 9 ^! movem5ts4 #e4 ,x affirms no?+ z to ! physical *>act]s ( ! races ref]r$ to1 except z !y may be inf]r$ f h]$ity1 b x implies "s resemblance 9 language betwe5 ! d]ivatives ( ! same /ock1 & ?is1 be x obs]v$1 not)/&+ ! add$ n>rative ( ! confusion ( tongues at ,babel1#gg :i* ! n>rator does n reg>d z int]f]+ ) ! fact ( languages orig9ally =m+ a few bran*es proce$+ f a common /ock4 #gg ,held by "s to belong to ano!r 7,jahvi/ic7 docum5t1 b c]ta9ly incorporat$ by ! e>ly editor4 #f4 ,if we ask :at our n>rator suppos$ to be ! orig9al or ,noa*ic tongue1 we might inf] f 8 ?ree l9es ( desc5t1 & f ! locality ( ! disp]sion & ! episode ( ,nimrod's prehi/oric k+dom1 t ! primitive language ( ,*aldea w\ld be ! orig9al /em2 & ?is we n[ "k f au!ntic writt5 records to h be5 an agglut9ate language ( ! type usually kn[n z ,turanian1 & m closely alli$ to ! ,t>t> & ,*9ese tongues ?an to o!r k9ds ( spee*4 ,x w\ld foll[ t :at we n[ call ,semitic & ,aryan or ,japhetic =ms ( spee* mu/1 9 ! view ( our anci5t au?ority1 date f ! sequel ( ! great 'confusion ( tongues4' ,^! po9ts be+ premis$1 we c cle> away ! fogs :i* h be5 ga!r$ ar\nd ?is little lum9\s spot 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! _w1 & c trace at lea/ ! pr9cipal e?nic l9es ( radiation f x4 ,?\gh ! writ] gives u ?ree ma9 bran*es ( affiliation ( ! *ildr5 ( ,noah1 he really ref]s to six pr9cipal l9es ( migration1 ?ree ( !m belong+ to t multif>i\s prog5y ( ,ham1 9 :i* he seems to include bo? ! ,turanian & ,negroid types ( our ord9>y classifications1 z well z "s ( ! br[n & yell[ races4 ,"o ( ! l9es ( affiliation ( ,ham leads ea/w>d & is n trac$2 b if ! ,cu%ite p1 :o are said to h gone to ! l& :i* 9 e>li] ant$iluvian times 0 t ( 'gold & b$ola* & %oham /one1' t is1 along ! f]tile valley ( ,susiana1 7 ^? primitive p1 prec$+ ! ,elamites ( hi/ory1 :o are said to h spok5 an agglut9ate language1#gh !n we h at lea/ "o /age ( ?is migration4 ,a second l9e leads we/ to ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 to ,egypt & to ,nor? ,africa4 ,a ?ird passes s\?-we/w>d ?r\gh ,s\!rn ,arabia & across ! ,r$ ,sea into int]ior ,africa4 ,to ! sons ( ,japhet are ascrib$ two l9es ( migration1 "o ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or & ! nor!rn coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean2 ano!r nor?-we/1 ar\nd ! ,black ,sea4 ,! ,semites w\ld seem to h be5 a less w&]+ p at ! fir/1 b subsequ5tly to h encroa*$ on & m+l$ ) ! ,hamites1 & especially on t we/]n l9e ( migration lead+ to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,all ?is c be ga!r$ f undisput$ national names 9 ! sev]al l9es ( migration above sket*$1 )\t t\*+ on ! m obscure & d\btful names or ref]r+ to tribes :i* rema9$ ne> ! orig9al c5tre4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 inquire a little m p>ticul>ly into ! movem5ts be>+ on ,pale/9e & ,egypt4 #gh ,sayce 7,hibb]t ,lectures7 & ,bag/]'s ,records ( ! ,pa/4 ,inscriptions ( ,cyrus publi%$ 9 ! la/ volume ( ! latt] appe> to set at re/ ! vex$ que/ions relat+ to e>ly ,elam4 ,x w\ld seem t 9 ! e>lie/ times ,cu%ites & ,semitic ,elamites cont5d$ = ! f]tile pla9s & ! m\nta9s ea/ ( ! ,tigris1 & 7 f9ally subjugat$ by ,japhetic ,m$es & ,p]sians4 ,?us ?is region fir/ =m$ a "p ( ! ,cu%ite ,nimrodic empire 7,g5esis ii4 #aa1 x4 #h72 x !n became ! seat ( a conqu]+ ,elamite p[] 7,g5esis xiv4 #a to #d72 & 0 f9ally a c5tral "p ( ! ,m$o-,p]sian empire4 ,all ?is agrees ) ! ,bible & ! inscriptions1 z well z 9 ! ma9 ) ,h]odotus4 ,s f> z ! writ] 9 ,g5esis is in=m$1 he does n seem to be aw>e ( any sons ( ,japhet hav+ colonis$ ,pale/9e or ,egypt4 ,x 0 only 9 ! lat] reflux ( population t ! sons ( ,javan ga9$ a foo?old 9 ^! regions4 ,!y 7 bo? colonis$ prim>ily by ,hamites & subsequ5tly intrud$ on by ,semites4 ,"h a little prehi/oric int]lude not$ by ! writ]1 or by an au?or :om he quotes1 gives a valuable clue n (t5 att5d$ to4 ,! olde/ son ( ,ham1 ,cu%1 begat ,nimrod1 ! mighty hunt] & prehi/oric conqu]or1 :o organis$ ! fir/ empire 9 t ,euphratean pla9 :i* subsequ5tly became ! nucleus ( ! ,babylonian & ,assyrian p[]4 ,! site ( 8 k+dom _c be d\bt$1 = cities well kn[n 9 hi/oric times1 ,babel1 ,ere*1 ,accad1 & ,calneh1 7 includ$ 9 x1 z well z probably ,n9eveh4 ,! fir/ po9t :i* ,i wi% to make 9 ?is connection is t we _c suppose ?is to h be5 a ,semitic empire4 ,its nucleus mu/ h be5 compos$ ( ,nimrod's tribal connections1 :o 7 ,hamites & presumably ,cu%ites4 ,he is1 inde$1 said to h gone into or invad$ ! l& ( ,a%ur1 & if by ?is is meant ! ,semitic ,a%ur1 he mu/ h be5 ho/ile to ^! p1 z inde$ ! ,*aldeans 7 9 lat] times4 ,! next po9t to be not$ is t ! ,nimrodic empire mu/ h orig9at$ at a "t :5 ! ,cu%ites 7 /ill /rong on ! ,l[] ,euphrates1 & be=e t great movem5t ( ^! p :i* c>ri$ !m across ,arabia to ! ,upp] ,nile1 & ultimately caus$ ! "n ,cu% or ,ke% to be almo/ exclusively appli$ to ! ,e?iopians ( ,africa4 ,n[ is ?is hi/ory1 or m]e leg5d8 ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,illu/rat+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,anci5t ,,type ,,( ,,cu%ite ,,turanian1 ,,f ,,tel-,,loh 7aft] de ,s>zec74 ,! cap is p]haps an imitation ( ! ant$iluvian %ell-caps1 l t ( ! 'man ( ,m5torie4' ,! answ] ( ar*ology is n d\btful4 ,we h 9 ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( ,*aldea evid5ce t !re 0 a pre-,semitic population1 to :om1 inde$1 x is believ$ t ! ,semites :o invad$ ! c\ntry ow$ mu* ( _! civilisation4 ,a rec5t writ] has said t 'outside ( ! ,bible we "k no?+ ( ,nimrod1' b o!rs see a trace ( him 9 ! leg5d>y h]o ( ,*aldean tradition1 ,gisdub> or ,g+amos1 :ile o!rs ?9k t1 z ,na-m>od1 he may be ! orig9al ( ,m]oda*1 ! tutel>y god ( ,babylon4 ,indep5d5tly ( ?is1 !re 0 c]ta9ly an e>ly ,*aldean & ',turanian' empire1 :i* mu/ h _h "s f\nd]1 :atev] 8 "n1 & :i* 0 n ,semitic or ,aryan1 & !re=e :at an e>ly writ] w\ld call ,hamitic4 ,fur!r1 our au?or traces f ?is region ! great ,cu%ite l9e ( migration1 :i* includes su* well-kn[n names z ,seba1 ,sabta1 ,%eba & ,d$an1 into ,arabia on ! way to ,africa4 ,"h ! ,egyptian monum5ts take up ! tale1 & in=m u ( a ,s\? ,arabian & ,ea/ ,african p1 ! p ( ,pun or ,punt1 repres5t$ z l to !mselves & to ! ,ke% or ,e?iopians1 & :o ?us correspond to ! ,arabian ,cu%ites ( ,g5esis4 ,9 accordance ) ?is ! ,abyss9ian ( to-day is sc>cely di/+ui%able f ! old ,punites z repres5t$ on ! ,egyptian monum5ts4#gi #gi ,! rec5t discov]ies ( ,glas] ) ref]5ce to ! e>ly civilisation ( ,s\!rn ,arabia also be> on ?is po9t4 ,?us ! primitive ,cu%ite k+dom & "o ( ! great l9es ( ,cu%ite migration are e/abli%$ by anci5t monum5ts4 ,let x be fur!r obs]v$ t1 z repres5t$ 9 ,egypt1 ^! primitive ,e?iopians 7 n black1 b ( a r$di% or br[ni% col\r1 l ! ,egyptians !mselves1 & t _! migration expla9s ! resemblance ( ! cu/oms & religion ( e>ly ,egypt to ^? ( ,babylonia1 & ! ascription by ! ,egyptians ( ! orig9 ( _! gods to ! l& ( ,pun4 ,! rema9+ sons ( ,ham1 ,mizraim1 ,put & ,canaan1 are n m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! old ,nimrodic k+dom1 & seem to h mov$ we/w>d at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,!y 7 already '9 ! l&1' & app>5tly con/itut$ a consid]able citiz5 population be=e ! migration ( ,abraham4 ,mizraim repres5ts ! tw9 populations ( ! delta & ,l[] ,egypt1 & ! ,tel-el-,am>na tablets in=m u t long be=e ! "t ( ,moses ,mitzor 0 ! ord9>y "n ( ,egypt1 :ile we "k t its e>ly population 0 closely alli$ 9 features & language to ! ,cu%ites4 ,canaan#hj heads a c5tral l9e ( migration1 & ,sidon & ,*e? are said to h be5 8 lead+ sons4 ,! fir/ repres5ts ! ,phnician m>itime p[] ( ,nor!rn ,syria1 ! second t great nation kn[n to ! ,egyptians z ,kheta & to ! ,assyrians z ,khatti1 ^: t]ritory ext5d$ f ,c>*emi% on ! ,euphrates ?r\gh ! pla9 ( ,coele-,syria to ,hebron 9 ,s\!rn ,pale/9e1 & n improbably into ! delta4 ,!y 7 a p ^: language 0 alli$ to t ( ,cu%ite ,*aldea1#ha ^: features 7 ( a co>s] type ?an ^? ( _! m s\!rn confrres1 & :o1 accord+ to ! ,egyptian annals1 7 closely alli$ ) ! ,amorites1 ,jebusites1 & o!r p id5tifi$ ) ,canaan 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,*eta1 at "o "t kn[n only z ! sons ( ,he? 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 may be said 9 our "t to h exp]i5c$ a sudd5 resurrection1 & n[ bulk s l>gely 9 ! m9ds ( ar*ologi/s t _! importance is 9 dang] ( be+ exagg]at$4 #hj ,canaan ) our old hi/orian is ! "n ( a man1 b x came to designate fir/ ! 'l[ c\ntry' or coa/ region ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e1 & !n ! :ole ( ,pale/9e4 #ha ,cond] & o!rs call x ,turanian4 ,a significant note is add$3 ',aft]w>ds 7 ! families ( ! ,canaanites scatt]$ abroad4' ,h[ c\ld ?is be8 ,_! l9e ( migration & settlem5t l$ directly to ! great sea1 & 0 hemm$ 9 by t ( ! ,japhetites on ! nor? & ( ! ,cu%ites on ! s\?2 b !y made ! sea _! highway1 & soon !re 0 no coa/ f end to end ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 & f> along ! ,european & ,african %ores ( ! ,atlantic1 t 0 n famili> ) ! ,phnician ,canaanite4 ,b x may be said ^! ,phnicians 7 a ,semitic p4 ,!y c]ta9ly spoke a ,semitic language alli$ to ! ,hebrew1 b :at "r h we to attribute ,semitic languages solely to ! desc5dants ( ! ,biblical ,%em8 ,ev5 if ^! languages orig9at$ ) !m !y may h spread to o!r peoples1 z we "k !y replac$ ! old ,turanian spee* ( ,babylonia1 j z ! ,arabic has ext+ui%$ o!r languages 9 ,egypt itself4 ,9 :atev] way ! ,phnicians acquir$ a ,semitic tongue1 9 physical "* !y 7 n ,semitic1 b closely alli$ to ! ,hittites1 ! ,phili/9es1 & ! p ( ,mitzor1 or ,egypt4 ,! ,egyptian sculptures prove ?is1 & ! celebrat$ ,capuan bu/ ( ,hannibal rem9ds u ( ! features ( ! old ,hyksos k+s ( ,egypt1 :o 7 no d\bt ( ,hamite or ,turanian /ock4 ,f9ally1 :at relation does ! record 9 ,g5esis x4 be> to ! prehi/oric peoples ( ! nean?ropic age8 ,^! mu/ h be5 9 ! ma9 ! advanc$ coloni/s & /raggl+ adv5tur]s ( ! lead+ l9es ( migration4 ,we f9d su* p record$ 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 & also 9 ! cav]ns & %elt]s ( ,phnicia1 z prec$+ ! ,canaanites 9 ,syria2 & su* nomads & hunt]s mu/ h /ream$ out into ,europe & ,africa 9 advance ( ! m settl$ & sl[ly advanc+ agricultural peoples4 ,at fir/ !y mu/ h be5 few1 rude1 & us]s ( /one implem5ts only1 liv+ *iefly by hunt+ & fi%+2 b "s ( !m may h tak5 ) !m dome/ic animals & se$s ( gra9s1 & s h e/abli%$ "h & !re civilis$ communities4 ,9 lat] times1 new coloni/s & comm]ce introduc$ among !m bronze & iron & m advanc$ arts4 ,?us ^! e>ly nean?ropic peoples belong$ to "o or o!r ( ! great l9es ( migration indicat$ 9 our old record2 ?\gh by virtue ( physical *anges & dialectic diff]5ces induc$ by isolation & new conditions ( life1 & :i* 9 su* circum/ances w\ld arise ) a rapidity unexampl$ 9 lat] times1 z well z ! want ( hi/orical annals1 x has 9 _m cases become difficult or impossible precisely to trace _! aff9ities4 ,ev5 9 ,pale/9e1 at ! "t ( ! ,exodus1 peoples ( ?is k9d 7,horites1 ,avvites1 c47#hb 7 kn[n1 ^: aff9ities _h be5 lo/2 & x is n necess>y to suppose t ^! 7 remnants ( ant$iluvians1 s9ce :at we "k 9 mod]n times ( ! w&]]s on ! outskirts ( great migrations suffici5tly acc\nts = _! exi/5ce4 ,?is is1 ,i ?9k1 a fair summ>y ( ! te/imony ( ! writ] ( ,g5esis x41 z comp>$ ) ! g5]al evid5ce ( hi/ory & ar*ology4 ,b we h some?+ fur!r to le>n f :at may be call$ ! fossil rema9s ( prehi/oric peoples z embodi$ 9 ! ,egyptian monum5ts1 :i* are conv]sant ) all ! nations ar\nd ! ea/]n end ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! ,egyptians divid$ ! nations kn[n to !m into f\r gr\ps1 ( :i* !y h giv5 u sev]al repres5tations 9 tombs & public build+s4 ,"o ( ^! consi/$ ( _! own race4 ,! o!r ?ree 7 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,s\!rn peoples mo/ly ( d>k complexions1 rang+ f light br[n to black4 ,^! includ$ ! ,cu%ites1 ,punites1 & negroes4 7#b7 ,we/]n peoples mo/ly ( fair complexions inhabit+ ! isl&s & nor!rn coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ! ',hanebu' or *iefs ( ! nor? or ( ! isles1 ) "s populations ( ,nor? ,africa1 ! s-call$ :ite ,lybians & ,maxyans4 7#c7 ,nor!rn or nor?-ea/]n peoples1 or ^? ( ,syria & ! neighb\r+ p>ts ( ,we/]n ,asia1 ,amorites1 ,hittites1 ,edomites1 ,arabs1 c41 usually repres5t$ z ( yell[i% complexion4 #hb ,deut]onomy ii4 ,! fir/ ( ^! divisions evid5tly corresponds ) ! l9e ( ,cu%ite migration ( ,g5esis1 ext5d+ f ,%9> ?r\gh ,s\!rn ,arabia1 ,nubia1 & ,e?iopia1 & ( :i* ! negroes are app>5tly degrad$ memb]s pu%$ 9 advance ( ! o!rs1 :ile ! populations ( ,pun & ,ke%1 ! s\!rn ,arabians & _! relatives 9 ,africa1 closely resemble1 z figur$ 9 ! monum5ts1 ! ,egyptians !mselves4 ,! second gr\p ( ! ,egyptian classification repres5ts ^? s-call$ ,aryan peoples ( ,europe & its isl&s1 & p>ts ( ,nor!rn ,africa1 ( :om ! ,greeks are a typical race1 & :o 9 ,g5esis are said to h possess$ ! ',isles ( ! ,g5tiles'2 ?\gh 9 ! wave ( migration f ! ea/ !y 7 9 _m places prec$$ by non-,aryan races1 ,pelasgians1 ,ib]ians1 c41 possibly w&]+ ,hamitic tribes1 :ile !y 7 also invad$ by t scatt]+ abroad ( ! ,phnician ,canaanites ref]r$ to 9 ,g5esis4 ,!y are repres5t$ 9 ! monum5ts z p ) ,european features1 fair complexions1 & sometimes fair hair & blue eyes4 ,! ?ird gr\p is ! mo/ v>i$ ( ! :ole1 because its seat 9 ,syria 0 a meet+-place ( _m tribes4 ,its mo/ anci5t memb]s1 ! ,phnicians & alli$ nations1 71 accord+ to ! monum5ts1 m5 resembl+ ! ,egyptian & ,cu%ite type1 & ^!1 no d\bt1 7 ^? pre-,semitic & prehi/oric nations ( ,canaan ref]r$ to 9 ! rem>kable notes reg>d+ ! ,emim1 ,zuzim1 c41 9 ! second *apt] ( ,deut]onomy1 :i* may be reg>d$ z a foot-note to ! ,tol$o? ( ,g5esis x4 ,^! aborig9es 7 invad$ by m5 ( diff]5t types4 ,fir/1 we f9d 9 ! monum5ts t ! ,amorites ( ! ,pale/9e hills 7 a fair p ) some:at ,european features1 l "s ( ! pres5t populations ( ! ,lebanon4 ,:5 return+ ov] ! ,lebanon 9 #ahhd we met a l>ge company ( m5 ) camels & donkeys c>ry+ m]*&ise4 ,!y 7 fair-complexion$ & ) br[n hair1 & f _! features ,i might h suppos$ !y 7 ,scotti% ,highl&]s4 ,i 0 told !y 7 ,druses1 & !y 7 evid5tly mu* l1 z are inde$ _m ( ! mod]n fellahe5 ( ! ,pale/9e hills1 ! ,am> z !y are pictur$ 9 ,egypt4 ,^! :ite peoples1 ?\gh reckon$ 9 ! ,bible z ,hamites1 may h _h a mixture ( ,aryan blood4 ,x is to be not$ "h t ! ,amorite *iefs1 ,an]1 ,e%col1 & ,mamre1 nam$ z conf$]ate ) ,abraham1 h non-,semitic names4 ,a lat] inroad 0 t ( ! ,hittites1 evid5tly a p hav+ aff9ity ) ! ,phili/9es & ,egyptians1 b ^: *iefs & nobles seem to h be5 ( ,t>t> blood1 l ! mod]n ,turks4 ,! names ( _! k+s seem also to h be5 non-,semitic4 ,lat]1 ! great we/w>d migration ( ,semitic peoples1 to :i* t ( ,abraham himself belongs1 n only introduc$ ! ,israelites b _m nations ( ,semitic or mix$ blood1 ! ,moabites1 ,ammonites1 ,edomites1 ,i%maelites1 c41 :om we f9d figur+ 9 ! ,egyptian monum5ts z yell[ or br[ni% p ) a ,jewi% /yle ( features1 & all ( :om1 z m5tion$ above1 w\ld be kn[n to ! ,egyptians & ,canaanites z ',hebrews4'#hc #hc ,?is is indep5d5t ( ! "q :e!r we reg>d ! "n ,eb] z t ( an ance/or1 or m]ely ( m5 f beyond ! ,euphrates4 ,?us ! monum5ts confirm ! ,jewi% record1 & ! confusion :i* "s e?nologi/s h introduc$ into ! matt] arises f _! apply+ 9 an arbitr>y mann] ! special te/s ( physical & philological *>act]i/ics1 & neglect+ to di/+ui% ! prim>y migrations ( m5 f subsequ5t intrusions4 ,ano!r s+ul> po9t ( agreem5t is t1 j z 9 ,egypt we f9d m5 civilis$ f ! fir/1 s we f9d else:]e4 ,9 ,egypt writ+ & lit]ature date f be=e ! "t ( ,abraham4 ,9 l mann] we h no monum5tal evid5ce ( any "t :5 ! ,accadian p ( ,babylonia 7 de/itute ( writ+ & sci5ce1 & we n[ f9d t !re 7 le>n$ scribes 9 all ! cities ( ,canaan1 & t ! ,phnicians & ,s\!rn ,arabians knew _! alphabet ages be=e ,moses1 :ile ev5 ! ,greeks seem to h kn[n alphabetic writ+ long be=e ! ,mosaic age4#hd ,^! m51 9 %ort1 7 desc5dants ( ! survivors ( ! ,noa*ian ,deluge1 & !re=e civilis$ f ! fir/2 & ?\gh we h no c]ta9 evid5ce ( lett]s be=e ! ,flood1 except ! /atem5t ( ! au?or ( ! ,babylonian deluge tablets1 t ,noah hid writt5 ar*ives at ,sipp>a be=e go+ into ! ark1 yet x is q c]ta9 t m5 :o c\ld build ,noah's %ip are n unwor?y ance/ors ( ! ,phnician seam51 :o probably laun*$ _! b>ks on ! ,m$it]ranean be=e ! dea? ( ,noah himself4 ,?us1 :atev] value we may atta* to ! record 9 ,g5esis1 we _c refuse to admit t x is ?or\ghly consi/5t ) itself & ) ! te/imony ( ! olde/ monum5ts ( ,asia & ,africa1 z x is also ) ! evid5ce ( ! geological *anges ( ! plei/oc5e & e>ly mod]n epo*4 #hd ,petrie1 ,illahun1 ,kahun & ,g>ob1 #ahia4 ,9 l mann] ! ,egyptian inscriptions ( ! conque/s ( ,?o?mes ,,iii4 give u a pre-,mosaic record ( ,pale/9ian geography correspond+ ) t ( ! ,hebrew conque/1 & ! pictures ( sieges co9cide ) ! excavations ( ,petrie at ,la*i% 9 re/or+ ^? ,canaanite t[ns1 'wall$ up to heav51' :i* excit$ ! fe> ( ! ,israelites4 ,nei!r c we sc(f at ! illit]acy ( m5 :o 7 c>ry+ on diplomatic correspond5ce 9 writt5 despat*es be=e ,g5esis itself 0 compil$4 ,nor c we d\bt ! milit>y pr[ess ( ^! p1 _! *>iot =ces1 _! sculptur$ idols & images1 _! weal? ( gold & silv]1 _! agricultural & arti/ic skill4 ,all ^! are amply prov$ by ! monum5ts ( ! ,egyptians & ! ,hittites4#he #he ,bliss1 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,/atem5t ( ! ,pale/9e ,exploration ,fund = ,april #ahib1 figures _m int]e/+ objects1 f\nd 9 ! l[] or ,amorite /ratum ( ! m\nd ( ,tell-el-,hesy 7,la*i%74 ,we h "h a bronze battle-axe & heads ( javel9s t may h be5 us$ aga9/ ! soldi]s ( ,jo%ua1 & axes & pott]y ( equally e>ly date1 along ) multitudes ( fl9t flakes1 arr[ heads1 c41 us$ at ?is e>ly "t4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! fur!r exploration ( ?is site may yield yet m int]e/+ results4 ,pale/9e ?us pres5ts a prehi/oric pa/ p>allel ) ! e>li] ye>s ( ,egypt4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 a /ill e>li] p]iod1 = 9 ,pale/9e1 z /at$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 we h evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( man long be=e ! disp]sion ( ! sons ( ,noah4 ,to appreciate ?is evid5ce1 we mu/ g back1 z 9 ! case ( ,egypt1 to ! pre-human p]iod4 ,all along ! coa/ ( ,pale/9e1 f ,jaffa to ! nor!rn limit ( old ,phnicia1 ! geological travell] sees evid5ce ( a rec5t subm]g5ce1 9 ! occurr5ce ( s&/one1 gravel1 & lime/one ) %ells & o!r m>9e rema9s ( species /ill liv+ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,^! are ! relics ( t plei/oc5e subm]g5ce already ref]r$ to1 9 :i* ! ,nile valley 0 an arm ( ! sea & ,africa 0 an isl&4 ,no evid5ce has be5 f\nd ( ! resid5ce ( man 9 ,pale/9e 9 ?is p]iod1 :51 z ! sea wa%$ ! v bases ( ! hills1 & ! pla9s 7 "u wat]1 x 0 c]ta9ly n v well suit$ to 8 abode4 ,! climate 0 also probably m sev]e ?an at pres5t1 & ! glaci]s ( ,lebanon mu/ h ext5d$ ne>ly to ! sea4 ,?is 0 ! "t ( ! s-call$ glacial p]iod 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 succe$$ by t po/-glacial p]iod 9 :i*1 z already expla9$1 ! area ( ! ,m$it]ranean 0 mu* small] ?an at pres5t1 & ! l& encroa*$ f> ^u ! b$ ( ! sea4 ,?is1 ! second cont95tal p]iod1 is t 9 :i* man makes 8 fir/ und\bt$ appe>ance 9 ,europe1 & we h evid5ce ( ! same k9d 9 ,syria1 to :i* ,i h already direct$ att5tion 9 ! description ( ! cav]ns ( ! ,lebanon1 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,t ! occupancy ( ^! caves is v anci5t is prov$ by ! fact t ! old ,egyptian conqu]ors1 :o cut a road = !mselves ov] ^! precipices be=e ! ,exodus1 seem to h f\nd !m 9 ! same /ate z at pres5t1 :ile f>!r s\? anci5t ,syrian tombs are excavat$ 9 simil> bone breccias4 ,b !re is bett] evid5ce ?an ?is4 ,! bones & tee? 9 ^! caves belong n to ! animals :i* h inhabit$ ! ,lebanon 9 hi/oric times1 b to creatures l ! hairy rh9oc]os & ! bison1 n[ ext9ct1 :i* c\ld n h liv$ 9 ?is region s9ce ! comp>atively mod]n p]iod 9 :i* ! ,m$it]ranean resum$ its dom9ion ov] t great pla9 betwe5 ,phnicia & ,cyprus4 ,?is we "k _h be5 subm]g$ long be=e ! fir/ migrations ( ! ,hamites into ,phnicia1 ev5 be=e ! entrance ( ^? comp>atively rude tribes :i* seem to h inhabit$ ! c\ntry be=e ! ,phnician colonisation4#hf ,un=tunately no burials ( ^! e>ly m5 h yet be5 f\nd1 & p]haps ! ,lebanon caves 7 only _! summ] soj\rns on hunt+ exp$itions4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 probably ( ! same /ock ) ! races 7! ,cro-magnon & ,can/adt7 ( ! s-call$ mammo? age 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 :o h left simil> rema9s4 ,?us we c c>ry man 9 ! ,lebanon back to t absolutely prehi/oric age :i* prec$$ ! ,noa*ian ,deluge & ! disp]sion ( ! ,noa*id4#hg #hf ,"s ( ^! tribes also liv$ 9 caves1 z t ( ,ant ,elias1 b ! animals !y consum$ are ^? n[ liv+ 9 ! ,lebanon4 #hg ,dawson1 ,trans4 ,vict4 ,in/itute1 ,may #ahhd2 also ,mod]n ,sci5ce 9 ,bible ,l&s4 ,if 9 imag9ation we suppose ourselves to visit ! caves ( ! ,nahr-el-,kelb pass1 :5 !y 7 inhabit$ by ^! e>ly m51 we %\ld f9d !m to be tall muscul> p1 clo!d 9 sk9s1 arm$ ) fl9t-tipp$ javel9s & fl9t hat*ets1 & cook+ ! animals caught 9 ! *ase 9 ! m\?s ( _! caves4 ,!y 7 probably examples ( ! rud] & less civilis$ memb]s ( t p[]ful & en]getic ant$iluvian population :i* _h app>5tly p]fect$ s _m arts1 & ! rema9s ( ^: m advanc$ communities are n[ buri$ 9 ! silt ( ! sea bottom4 ,if we look$ out we/w>d on :at is n[ ! ,m$it]ranean1 we %\ld see a wide wood$ or grassy pla9 z f> z eye c\ld rea*1 & p]haps might disc]n va/ h]ds ( elephant1 rh9oc]os1 & bison w&]+ ov] ^! pla9s 9 _! annual migrations4 ,possibly on ! f> m>g9 ( ! l& we might see ! smoke ( ant$iluvian t[ns long ago deeply subm]g$ 9 ! sea4 ,! great diluvial cata/rophe :i* clos$ ?is p]iod1 & f9ally introduc$ ! pres5t geographical conditions1 we h se5 good reason to id5tify ) ! hi/orical ,deluge1 & ! old peoples ( ! age ( ! mammo? & rh9oc]os 7 ant$iluvians1 & mu/ h p]i%$ f ! e>? be=e ! e>lie/ migration ( ! ,b5i ,noah4 ,putt+ toge!r ! results ref]r$ to 9 ! prec$+ pages1 we may re/ore ! prehi/oric ages ( ! ,ea/]n ,m$it]ranean "u ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 #a4 ,9 ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ human occupancy1 ! l& ( ,pale/9e1 ,egypt1 & ,arabia p>ticipat$ 9 ! great plei/oc5e depression1 accompani$ by a rigor\s climate4 #b4 ,! next /age 0 "o ( cont95tal elevation1 9 :i* ! bord]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean 7 dry l&1 & va/ pla9s 9 ?is bas91 & ev5 9 ! ,we/]n ,atlantic1 7 op5 to human migration4 ,9 ?is age palocosmic m5 took up _! abode all ov] ,we/]n ,asia1 ,europe1 & ,nor!rn ,africa1 & probably occupi$ broad l&s s9ce subm]g$4 ,at ?is p]iod ! region 0 inhabit$ by ! mammo?1 rh9oc]os1 bison1 & o!r l>ge animals n[ altoge!r or locally ext9ct4 #c4 ,! e>li] "p ( ?is po/-glacial or ant$iluvian p]iod 0 "o ( mild climatal conditions1 foll[$ by a slight return ( ! conditions ( ! previ\s glacial age4 #d4 ,! p]iod 0 t]m9at$ by a great subm]g5ce1 accompani$ ) va/ de/ruction ( animal & human life2 & ( comp>atively %ort duration1 correspond+ to ! hi/orical ,deluge4 #e4 ,f ?is depression ! m limit$ cont95ts ( ! mod]n p]iod 7 elevat$1 & man aga9 ov]spread !m f 8 primitive seats 9 ! ,euphratean region1 z record$ 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,g5esis4 #f4 ,9 ?is e>ly migration ! ,biblical ,hamites1 =m+ "o ( ! gr\ps ( m5 vaguely kn[n z ,turanian1 fir/ spread !mselves ov] ,pale/9e & ,egypt1 & f\nd$ ! e>ly ,phnician1 ,canaanite1 ,mizraimite1 & ,cu%ite tribes & nations4 #g4 ,9 e>ly hi/oric times ,semitic peoples1 ,hebrews & o!rs f ! ea/1 & ,mongoloid peoples f ! nor?1 migrat$ into ,pale/9e & dom9at$ & mix$ ) ! primitive tribes1 f9ally p5etrat+ into ,egypt & e/abli%+ !re ! dom9ion kn[n z t ( ! ,hyksos4 ,! hi/orical ,moabites1 ,ammonites1 ,i%maelites1 & ,hittites 7 peoples ( ?is "*1 hav+ a sub/ratum ( ,hamite blood ) ari/ocracies ( ,semitic or ,t>t> orig94 ,x w be obs]v$ t :ile ar*ological evid5ce t5ds to illu/rate & corroborate t wond]ful collection ( e>ly hi/orical docum5ts conta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 & to prove _! great antiquity1 on ! o!r h& ^! docum5ts prove to be ! mo/ preci\s s\rces ( in=mation z to ! ant$iluvian age1 ! great ,flood1 ! e>lie/ disp]sion ( m51 ! old ,nimrodic empire1 ! connections ( ,asiatic & ,african civilisation1 & o!r matt]s connect$ ) ! orig9s ( ! olde/ nations1 respect+ :i* we h little o!r writt5 hi/ory4 ,we ?us le>n t1 relatively to ,bible hi/ory1 !re is no prehi/oric age1 s9ce x c>ries u back beyond ! ,deluge to ! orig9 ( man1 s t we might prop]ly re/rict ?is t]m 9 its n>r[] signification to ^? p>ts ( ! _w n cov]$ by ?is primitive hi/ory4 ,x is true t a tide ( criticism ho/ile to ! integrity ( ,g5esis has be5 ris+ = "s ye>s2 b x seems to beat va9ly aga9/ a solid rock1 & ! ebb has n[ evid5tly set 94 ,! battle ( hi/orical & l+ui/ic criticism may inde$ rage = a "t ov] ! hi/ory & date ( ! ,mosaic law1 b 9 s f> z ,g5esis is conc]n$ x has be5 practically decid$ by sci5tific exploration4 ,s9ce writ+ ! prec$+ pages ,i h met ) a rem>kable pap] by ,mr4 ,horatio ,hale 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,canada4#hh ,x is "o :i* %\ld comm5d itself to ! /udy ( e ,biblical s*ol> & ar*ologi/2 b is conta9$ 9 a p]iodical :i* p]haps meets ! eyes ( few ( !m4 ,9 ?is pap] he ma9ta9s ! importance ( language z a gr\nd ( an?ropological classification1 & !n uses 8 wide k ( ! languages ( ,am]ican aborig9es1 & o!r rude races1 to %[ t ! grammatical complexity & logical p]fection ( ^! languages implies a high intellectual capacity 9 _! orig9al fram]s1 & t :]e su* complex & p]fect languages are spok5 by v rude tribes l ! ,au/ralian aborig9es1 !y orig9at$ ) cultivat$ & intellectual peoples--9 ! case ( ! ,au/ralian1 ) ! civilis$ primitive ,dravidians ( ,india4 ,he ?us %[s t languages1 l alphabets1 h und]gone a process ( degradation1 s t ^? ( mod]n times are less p]fect expon5ts ( ?\ght ?an ^? :i* prec$$ !m1 & t primitive man 9 8 e>lie/ /ate mu/ h be5 end[$ ) z high intellectual p[]s z any ( 8 desc5dants4 #hh ,vol4 ,,ix4 ,sec4 ,,ii4 #ahia4 ,on simil> gr\nds he %[s t x is n 9 ! outly+ b>b>\s races t we are to look = truly primitive man1 s9ce "h we h m]ely degrad$ types1 & t ! primitive c5tres ( man & language mu/ h be5 9 ! old hi/oric l&s ( ,we/]n ,asia & ,nor!rn ,africa4 ,on ?is view ! "t necess>y = ! developm5t ( ! arts ( civilisation & ( ext5sive colonisation w\ld n be great4 ',9 five c5turies a s+le human pair plant$ 9 a f]tile oasis might h giv5 orig9 to a p ( five hundr$ ?\s& s\ls1 num]\s en\gh to h s5t out emigrations to ! ne>e/ invit+ l&s4' ,! same lapse ( "t w\ld h suffic$ to develop agriculture1 to dome/icate animals1 & to make "s progress 9 ar*itectural & o!r arts ( life4 ,he quotes ! rem>kable passage ( ,reclus#hi z to ! ag5cy ( woman 9 ! inv5tions ( e>ly art1 & %[s t ?is accords ) m mod]n exp]i5ce among ! less civilis$ nations4 ,x is obvi\s t all ?is t5ds to br+ sci5tific an?ropology into ! close/ relation ) ! old ,biblical hi/ory1 ?\gh ,hale1 9 def]5ce1 p]haps1 to mod]n prejudices1 does n ref] to ?is4 #hi ,primitive ,folk 7,contempor>y ,sci5ce ,s]ies71 p4 #eh4 ,9 ! passage quot$ by ,hale1 ,reclus says3 ',x is to woman t mank9d owes all t has made u m54' ,foll[+ ?is h9t ( ! +5i\s ,fr5* writ]1 we may imag9e ! fir/ man & woman inhabit+ "s f]tile region1 ri* 9 fruits & o!r natural products1 & subsi/+ at fir/ on ! uncultivat$ b\nty ( nature4 ,) ! bir? ( _! fir/ *ild1 p]haps be=e1 w\ld come ! ne$ ( %elt] ei!r 9 "s dry cav]n or boo? ( poles & leaves or b>k1 c>pet$ p]haps ) moss or b\ghs ( p9e4 ,?is w\ld be ! fir/ 'home1' ) ! woman = its h\sekeep]4 ,we may imag9e ! man br++ to x ! lamb or kid ^: dam he _h kill$1 & ! woman1 ) mo!rly in/9ct1 pity+ ! little orphan & tra9+ x to be a dome/ic pet1 ! fir/ ( tam$ animals4 ,%e1 too1 w\ld /ore gra91 se$s & b]ries = dome/ic use1 & "s ( ^! g]m9at+ w\ld produce pat*es ( gra91 or %rubs1 or fruit trees ar\nd ! hut4 ,notic+ ^! & protect+ !m1 %e w\ld be ! fir/ g>d5] & or*>di/4 ,! woman & h] *ildr5 might add to ! cultivat$ plants or dome/icat$ quadrup$s & birds2 & ! man w\ld be induc$1 9 ! int]vals ( hunt+ & fi%+1 to gu>d1 protect1 & f5ce !m4 ,:5 ! boys grew up1 to "o ( !m might be assign$ ! c>e ( ! %eep & goats1 to ! o!r ! culture ( ! little f>m1 :ile !y might aid _! fa!r 9 erect+ a bett] & m arti/ic habitation1 ! fir/ attempt at ar*itecture1 & 9 introduc+ artificial irrigation to r5d] _! field m f]tile4 ,is n ?is little romance ( ,m4 ,elie ,reclus p]fectly 9 h>mony ) ! old famili> /ory 9 ,g5esis1 & also ) ! mo/ rec5t results ( mod]n sci5ce8 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,summ>y ,,( ,,results ,x may be well1 9 conclusion1 to sum up ! g5]al tru?s we h arriv$ at 9 relation to ! place ( man 9 ! great & long-cont9u$ drama ( ! e>?'s geological hi/ory4 #a4 ,we h f\nd no l9k ( d]ivation connect+ man ) ! l[] animals :i* prec$$ him4 ,he appe>s be=e u z a new dep>ture 9 creation1 )\t any direct relation to ! in/9ctive life ( ! l[] animals4 ,! e>lie/ m5 are no less m5 ?an _! desc5dants1 & up to ! ext5t ( _! means1 inv5tors1 innovators1 & introduc]s ( new modes ( life1 j z mu* z !y4 ,we h n ev5 be5 able z yet to trace man back to ! h>mless gold5 age4 ,z we f9d him 9 ! caves & gravels he is already a fall5 man1 out ( h>mony ) 8 environm5t & ! foe ( 8 fell[ creatures1 contriv+ aga9/ !m in/rum5ts ( de/ruction m fatal ?an ^? furni%$ by nature to ! c>nivor\s wild bea/s4 ,yet we w\ld fa9 believe 9 an ,ed5ic age ( innoc5ce2 & physiological probability1 z well z ! old /ory 9 ,g5esis1 dem&s t we %\ld suppose a primitive condition 9 :i* man1 c>eless & happy1 %\ld subsi/ on ! spontane\s b\nty ( nature 9 "s fav\r$ 'g>d5 ( ! ,"l4' ,s*eme ( possible ,correlation ( ! ,geological & ,hi/orical ,records z to ,e>ly ,man1 z ! ,facts appe> 9 ! pres5t ,/age ( ,inve/igation1 ,may #ahid4 ,semitic ,tru*re or ,prot-,ib]ian ,race ,turanian ,aryan ,primitive ,man ,mix$ ,races1 ,cro-magnon1 c4 ,subm]g5ce ,can/adt ,race ,se?ites ,%em ,ham ,adam ,mix$ ,races1 ,nephelim1 c4 ,noah ,japhet ,ca9ites ,deluge #b4 ,if we inquire z to ! nature ( ! int]val :i* sep>ates man f ! l[] animals1 we f9d t x exi/s ) ref]5ce bo? to 8 rational & physical nature4 ,) respect to ! fir/ we may affirm 9 man ! exi/5ce ( a l[] 7psy*ical7 intellig5ce1 simil> to t ( ! inf]ior animals1 & ( a spiritual nature ally+ him ) high] intellig5ces1 & ) ,god ,himself4 ,rightly consid]$1 ?is places ! doctr9e ( creation 9 a v firm position4 ,^? :o d5y x mu/ adopt "o ( two alt]natives4 ,ei!r !y mu/ refuse to admit ! evid5ce 9 man ( any nature high] ?an t ( brutes--a conclusion :i* common s5se1 z well z m5tal sci5ce1 mu/ always refuse to admit--or !y mu/ attempt to bridge ov] ! '*asm1' z x has be5 call$1 :i* sep>ates ! in/9ctive nature ( ! animal f ! rational & moral nature ( man--an ef=t confess$ly futile4 #c4 ,z to ! body ( man1 ! case is diff]5t1 b /ill p]fectly 9 h>mony ) ! idea ( 8 high] nature4 ,man1 z to 8 body1 is confess$ly an animal1 ( ! e>? e>?y4 ,he is also a memb] ( ! prov9ce v]tebrata1 & ! class mammalia2 b 9 t class he con/itutes n only a di/9ct species & g5us1 b ev5 a di/9ct family1 or ord]4 ,9 o!r words1 he is ! sole species ( 8 g5us1 & ( 8 family1 or ord]4 ,he is ?us sep>at$1 by a great gap1 f all ! animals ne>e/ to him2 & ev5 if we admit ! doctr9e1 z yet unprov$1 ( ! d]ivation ( "o species f ano!r 9 ! case ( ! l[] animals1 we are unable to supply ! 'miss+ l9ks' :i* w\ld be requir$ to connect man ) any gr\p ( inf]ior animals4 ,?is physical di/9ctness has also a special significance1 inasmu* z x dep5ds on c]ta9 negative peculi>ities su* z ! abs5ce ( clo?+1 ( natural weapons ( attack & def5ce1 z well z on ! positive prop]ties ( ! erect po/ure1 ! h&s adapt$ to v>i\s k9ds ( manipulation1 & ! special s5sory gifts4 ,?us view$ 9 relation to 8 environm5t1 8 wants z well z 8 possessions 9 reg>d to /ructures & p[]s1 w\ld be fatal to any creature n possess$ ( 8 intellig5ce1 & we _c conceive h[ su* privations or su* gifts c\ld spontane\sly arise 9 nature4 #d4 ,no fact ( sci5ce is m c]ta9ly e/abli%$ ?an ! rec5cy ( man 9 geological "t4 ,n only d we f9d no trace ( 8 rema9s 9 ! old] geological =mations1 b we f9d no rema9s ev5 ( ! animals ne>e/ to him2 & ! conditions ( ! _w 9 ^? p]iods seem to unfit x = ! resid5ce ( man4 ,if1 foll[+ ! usual geological sy/em1 we divide ! :ole hi/ory ( ! e>? into f\r great p]iods1 ext5d+ f ! olde/ rocks kn[n to u1 ! eozoic1 or ar*an1 up to ! mod]n1 we f9d rema9s ( man1 or 8 works1 only 9 ! late/ ( ! f\r1 & 9 ! lat] "p ( ?is4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 !re is no indisputable pro( ( ! pres5ce ( man until we rea* ! e>ly mod]n p]iod4 ,?is is1 no d\bt1 :at 0 to h be5 expect$ on ! supposition ( ! ord]ly developm5t ( ! *a9 ( animal life 9 ! long geologic eons2 b x is n by any means ! only hypo!sis t 0 possible :51 = example1 ! ,book ( ,g5esis 0 writt54 ,a m fanciful cosmologi/ might at t "t h giv5 prec$5ce to man1 & might h suppos$ t ! o!r animals 7 produc$ lat]1 & = 8 b5efit1 or 8 injury4 ,?is is ! view ( ! sacr$ writ] himself ) respect to ! local gr\p ( animals int5d$ to be 9 imm$iate association ) ! fir/ man4 ,re/rict$ 9 ?is way1 ! /atem5t ( a gr\p ( animals creat$ ) man 9 8 e>lie/ abode is n contradictory to ! ord] 9 ,g5esis fir/1 nor sci5tifically improbable4 ,we h se5 t 9 any case ! d$uctions f geology are 9 h>mony ) ! e>lie/ revelations made to ! human m9d on ! subject1 & 9 accordance ) all ! lat] facts ( actual hi/ory4 #e4 ,! absolute date ( ! fir/ appe>ance ( man _c p]haps be fix$ )9 a few ye>s or c5turies1 ei!r by human *ronology or by ! sci5ce ( ! e>?4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t ! ,bible hi/ory1 z well z su* h9ts z we c ga!r f ! hi/ory ( o!r nations1 limits u to two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,deluge ( ,noah1 :ile "s e/imates ( ! antiquity ( man1 bas$ on physical *anges or anci5t hi/ory1 or on philology1 greatly exce$ ?is limit4 ,if ! e>lie/ m5 7 ^? ( ! riv] gravels & caves1 m5 ( ! 'mammo? age1' or ( ! 'paloli?ic' or palocosmic p]iod1 we c =m "s def9ite ideas z to _! possible antiquity4 ,!y colonis$ ! cont95ts imm$iately aft] ! elevation ( ! l& f ! great subsid5ce :i* clos$ ! plei/oc5e or glacial p]iod1 9 :at has be5 call$ ! 'cont95tal' p]iod ( ! po/-glacial age1 because ! new l&s !n rais$ out ( ! sea exce$$ 9 ext5t ^? :i* we h n[4 ,we h1 z /at$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 "s measures ( ! date ( ?is great cont95tal elevation1 & "k t its di/ance f our "t mu/ fall )9 ab\t eight ?\s& ye>s4 ,_m indications1 bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 lead to ! belief t x is physically impossible t man c\ld h colonis$ ! nor!rn hemisph]e at an e>li] date ?an ?is geologically rec5t cont95tal p]iod4 #f4 ,!re is b "o species ( man1 ?\gh _m races & v>ieties2 & ^! races or v>ieties seem to h develop$ !mselves at a v e>ly "t & h %[n a rem>kable fixity 9 _! lat] hi/ory4 ,!re is reason to believe1 h[ev]1 f v>i\s physiological facts1 t ?is is a v g5]al law ( v>ietal =ms1 :i* are obs]v$ to appe> rapidly or sudd5ly1 & !n 9 fav\rable circum/ances to be propagat$ cont9u\sly4 ,x w\ld seem also to apply to ! introduction ( =ms reg>d$ z species1 s9ce x is n unusual to f9d a g5us at or ne> its orig9 repres5t$ by its maximum numb] ( specific =ms4 #g4 ,! precise locality ( ! orig9 ( man c be def9$ on probable gr\nds z 9 a temp]ate region1 suppli$ ) ! vegetable productions mo/ useful to him 9 a natural /ate1 & free f de/ructive animal rivals4 ,we c sc>cely suppose t ?is locality c h be5 9 any ( ^? p>ts ( ! _w 9 :i* man f9ds ! greate/ difficulty 9 subsi/+1 or becomes mo/ degrad$1 ?\gh ?is p>adoxical view has be5 held by "s ar*ologi/s4 ,x mu/ r h be5 9 "s f]tile & salubri\s region ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e2 & probability z well z tradition po9ts to ^? regions 9 ,s\?-,we/]n ,asia :i* h n only be5 ! e>lie/ hi/orical abodes ( man1 b are also ! c5tres ( ! animals & plants mo/ useful to him4 ,x is int]e/+ to note "h t ,hckel1 on purely physical gr\nds1 decides aga9/ ,europe1 ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 & ,am]ica1 & concludes t 'mo/ circum/ances indicate ,s\!rn ,asia4' #h4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! diluvial int]lude gives a d\ble orig9 ( man2 b ! hi/orical acc\nts ( ! neocosmic disp]sion1 z we h already se51 ref] u 9 ?is case also to ! same regions ( ,s\?-,we/]n ,asia4 ,! traditions :i* ascribe human orig9 to a ',m\nta9 ( ! ,nor?' ref] to ! second disp]sion1 & co9cide ) ! ,ar>at ( ,g5esis & ! ',m\nta9 ( ! ,nor?' on :i* ! %ip ( ,hasisadra 0 suppos$ by ! ,*aldeans to h gr\nd$4 #i4 ,we are n[ 9 a position to correlate ! hi/orical ,deluge ) ! great geographical *anges :i* clos$ ! palan?ropic age4 ,?is1 :5 reg>d$ z an e/abli%$ fact1 furni%es ! solution ( _m ( ! mo/ disput$ que/ions ( an?ropology4 ,! misuse ( ! ,deluge 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( geology1 9 employ+ x to acc\nt = *anges t took place long be=e ! adv5t ( man1 c]ta9ly %\ld n cause u to neglect its legitimate uses1 :5 ^! arise 9 ! progress ( inve/igation4 ,x is evid5t t if ?is correlation be accept$ z probable1 x mu/ modify _m views n[ held z to ! antiquity ( man4 ,9 t case1 ! mod]n rubble spread ov] plateaus & 9 riv] valleys1 f> above ! rea* ( ! pres5t floods1 may be acc\nt$ =1 n by ! ord9>y action ( ! exi/+ /reams1 b by ! abnormal action ( curr5ts ( wat] diluvial 9 _! "*4 ,fur!r1 s9ce ! hi/orical ,deluge _c h be5 ( v long duration1 ! physical *anges sep>at+ ! deposits conta9+ ! rema9s ( palocosmic m5 f ^? ( lat] date w\ld1 9 l mann]1 be acc\nt$ =1 n by sl[ processes ( subsid5ce1 elevation1 & erosion1 b by causes ( a m abrupt & cataclysmic "*4 ,f9ally1 x has be5 ! t5d5cy ( mod]n geological & ar*ological discov]y to atta* m & m value & importance to ! anci5t records ( ! human race1 & especially to ^? preci\s docum5ts :i* h be5 pres]v$ to our "t 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,we h m]ely glanc$ cursorily at a few ( ! sali5t po9ts ( ! relation ( ! primitive hi/ory ( man 9 ,g5esis to mod]n sci5tific discov]y4 ,_m o!r details might h be5 adduc$ z t5d+ to %[ simil> co9cid5ces ( ^! two di/9ct l9es ( evid5ce4 ,en\gh has1 h[ev]1 be5 said to indicate ! rem>kable mann] 9 :i* ! hi/ory 9 ,g5esis has anticipat$ mod]n discov]y1 & to %[ t ?is anci5t book is 9 e way tru/wor?y1 & z remote z possible f ! my?s & leg5ds ( anci5t hea!nism1 :ile x %[s ! hi/orical orig9 ( beliefs :i* 9 m or less corrupt$ =ms lie at ! f\ndations ( ! olde/ religions ( ! ,g5tiles1 & f9d _! true significance 9 t ( ! ,hebrews4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian ! record 9 ,g5esis has a /ill high] value1 z con/itut+ ^? hi/orical gr\ndworks ( ! plan ( salvation to :i* our ,"l ,himself s (t5 ref]r$1 & on :i* ,he f\nd$ s mu* ( ,8 tea*+4 ,,index ,a ,adam1 description (1 #fd ,adon1 ! "n1 #ahj ,akkadian k+dom1 f\ndation (1 #ajh ,alphabets1 e>ly1 #ajh ,amunoph ,,iii41 #agg ,amunoph ,,iv41 #agg ,anakim1 !1 #fe ,animals1 rema9s (1 #bc1 #cj1 #ch1 #dc1 #de1 #df1 #dh1 #ej1 #gd1 #if1 #ih ,ant$iluvians1 id5tification (1 #abe ,an?ropic age1 def9ition (1 #ag2 ev5ts (1 #ci ,an?ropology1 #af ,ar*an age1 !1 #ai ,ark1 !1 description (1 #ace ,arr[-head$ *>act]s1 use (1 #ajh ,artemis1 #afj ,at51 wor%ip (1 #agg ,atlantis1 fable (1 #aef ,aurif]\s gravel1 f9ds 91 #cd ,b ,be>s1 cave1 #df ,b5i ,elohim1 #acb ,b5i ha ,adam1 #acb ,bones1 human1 gnaw$1 #dg ,b\le1 on deposits at ,s*weiz]sbild1 #hg ,brita91 e>ly inhabitants (1 #ajc ,broca1 on skulls1 #fa ,burials1 discov]ies (1 #ef ,c ,ca91 ! race (1 #aca ,canaan1 migration (1 #aic ,can/adt race1 !1 #ea1 #hj2 age (1 #gj2 condition (1 #ge2 int]m5ts (1 #gg2 skulls (1 #ha ,c>?aillac on palan?ropic age1 #gj2 on ! mortu>y cu/oms (1 #gg ,c>v+1 specim5s (1 #di ,ca/eln$olo1 skeleton at1 #bi ,cave dwell]s1 #dh2 _! food1 #di ,cav]ns1 v>i\s1 #db ,celt1 !1 description (1 #ajd ,c5ozoic age1 !1 #bj2 *anges (1 #bd2 ev5ts (1 #ci2 relations (1 #hd ,*aldean v]sion ( ! ,deluge1 #acg2 creation tablets1 #ajg2 ,g5esis quot$1 #aac ,*e?1 *ildr5 (1 #afg ,*ipp$ ,/one age1 !1 #fi ,*ronomet]s1 geological1 #hi ,civilisation1 e>ly po/diluvian1 #aah ,cli*y skull1 !1 #fj ,climate ( ! plioc5e1 #be2 ( ! eoc5e1 #bg2 *anges (1 #ce1 #cf2 ( ! po/-glacial age1 #cf2 ( ! palan?ropic age1 #ch1 #dj1 #aga ,creation1 !1 ord] (1 9 ,g5esis1 #ajf1 #aab1 #aad2 ,*aldean acc\nt (1 #aab ,cresswell caves1 description (1 #ie ,cro-magnon cave1 !1 #ea ,cro-magnon race1 !1 #ea2 skeletons (1 #ec2 skulls (1 #fa1 #ha2 age (1 #gj2 condition (1 #ge2 appe>ance (1 #gf2 belief (1 #gf2 int]m5ts (1 #gg ,curse1 !1 #abj ,cu%ite k+dom1 f\ndation (1 #ajh ,cu%ite migration1 !1 #aib ,d ,dawk9s on paloli?ic & neoli?ic p]iods1 #ic ,days ( creation1 !1 #ad1 #ah ,delta1 !1 age (1 #agd ,deluge1 !1 acc\nts (1 #ajg2 /ory (1 #aba2 ,l5ormant on1 #abc2 conclusions z to1 #abf2 preval5ce ( /ory (1 #abg2 physical aspects (1 #ace2 ,*aldean v]sion (1 #acf2 hi/ory (1 #acg2 0 x miracul\s8 #adj2 0 x univ]sal8 #adg1 #aea ,diana1 #afj ,disp]sion ( man1 !1 #ajh ,druses1 !1 #aih ,dupont on cave ( ,goyet1 #df2 on primitive man1 #gc2 on pla9 dwell]s1 #gd2 on ,frontal caves1 #ih ,e ,e>?1 ! /ages ( its hi/ory1 #ae1 #ah2 age (1 #ah ,eb]1 *ildr5 (1 #agi ,ed51 site (1 #aad ,edw>ds1 ,miss1 criticism (1 #aga ,egypt1 hi/ory (1 #afh2 fir/ coloni/s (1 #agd ,elephant 9 ,europe1 !1 #ch ,elevation ( l& 9 po/-glacial age1 #cf ,elohim1 use ( ! "n1 #aab ,embalm+1 e>ly practice (1 #gh ,engis skull1 !1 #fj ,eoc5e age1 !1 #bc2 *anges (1 #bd ,eozoic age1 !1 #ai ,euphrates1 !1 #aad ,eve1 /ory (1 #afj ,evolution ( man1 !1 #bb2 vag>ies (1 #aah ,exodus1 !1 ,ph>aoh (1 #agi ,f ,fall ( man1 !1 #aaf ,fauna ( palan?ropic age1 *anges (1 #hf ,fl9ts1 work$1 #bh ,food ( cave dwell]s1 #di ,furfooz caves1 description (1 #ih ,g ,g5]ations ( ,noah1 !1 #ahd ,g5esis1 ord] ( creation 91 #ajf ,geologi/1 !1 me?od (1 #ab ,giants1 a race (1 #fc ,gibralt> skull1 !1 #fj ,glacial age1 !1 #be ,globe1 inc&esc5t1 picture (1 #ah ,goyet1 cave (1 description (1 #df ,gre5well on m5 ( ,brita91 #ajc ,gr5elle1 skull (1 #fj2 deposit at1 #id ,h ,hale on importance ( language1 #bjf ,hamites1 migrations (1 #ahh ,hasisadra1 ! ,*aldean ,noah1 #aah ,hebrew annals1 tru? (1 #ajf ,he?1 #afg ,high] criticism1 ,sayce on1 #aji ,hi/orian1 !1 me?od (1 #ab ,hittites1 !1 inroad (1 #aih ,holmes on work$ fl9ts1 #ca ,hom]ic h]oes1 reality (1 #aff ,horus1 sons (1 #aei ,hyksos1 !1 #aha ,i ,id9u1 or ,ed51 #aad ,igh?am1 work$ fl9ts (1 #ca ,int]m5ts1 discov]ies (1 #ef2 mode (1 #gg ,i%a1 /ory (1 #afj ,ivory1 ornam5ts (1 #eh2 engrav+ on1 #gd ,j ,jahveh1 #acc ,japhet1 migrations (1 #ahi1 #aij ,jebel ,ass>t1 fl9t *ips at1 #aga ,jehovah ,elohim1 use ( ! "n1 #aab1 #acb ,j]usalem1 anci5t /ate (1 #agi ,k ,k>un1 a riv] ( ,ed51 #aad1 #aaf ,k]khat1 !1 #aad ,kheta1 or ,khatti1 #afg ,kneel+ po/ure 9 int]m5ts1 #gg ,l ,laug]ie ,basse1 cave at1 #ea2 skeleton at1 #eh ,lebanon caves1 human rema9s 91 #dc1 #de2 visit to1 #bjb ,l5ormant on ! ,deluge1 #abc2 on ! ,ark1 #acf ,lion1 ! cave1 #df ,lyell1 on ,falls ( ,niag>a1 #abd ,m ,mammals 9 palan?ropic age1 species (1 #cg ,mammo? age1 cave (1 #ej ,mammo?1 !1 9 ,europe1 #ch2 ext9ction (1 #gd ,man1 date ( 8 appe>ance1 #ba1 #bac2 8 e>lie/ rema9s /ill human1 #bb2 antec$5ts (1 #bc2 8 rema9s ov]laid1 #ce2 9 ,europe1 #ce2 9 palan?ropic age1 #dj2 h[ di/+ui%$1 #da2 8 rema9s at ,nahr-el-,kelb1 #de2 at ,goyet1 #df2 gnaw$ bones (1 #dg2 a cave dwell]1 #dh2 8 ornam5ts1 #dh1 #eh2 c>v+ (1 #di2 food (1 #di2 8 physical *>act]s1 #ea2 8 rema9s at ,cro-magnon1 #ea2 skeleton (1 at ,m5tone1 #eh2 v>ieties 9 skull (1 #fj2 gigantic size (1 #fb2 a feebl] race1 #fc2 conditions (1 #ga2 ,dupont on primitive1 #gc2 unprogressive "* ( m5 ( mammo? age1 #ge2 beliefs (1 #gf2 mortu>y cu/oms ( palan?ropic1 #gg2 *ange (1 f palocosmic to neocosmic1 #ia2 neoli?ic1 #aja2 ( ,brita91 #ajc2 9 ,ed51 #aae2 condition ( palan?ropic1 #aaf2 rec5cy (1 #bac2 locality ( 8 orig91 #baf ,meet+-place ( geology & hi/ory1 #ac ,m5tone skeleton1 !1 #eh ,mesozoic age1 !1 #ai ,metals1 ! k (1 #aah ,mioc5e age1 !1 #bc2 *anges (1 #bd2 monkeys (1 #bg ,mitanni1 #aha ,mizraim1 #aic ,monkeys1 mioc5e1 #bg ,mortillet on ! /one age1 #fi ,moses3 8 k ( ,div9e "n1 #ahj ,m\rlon on plei/oc5e rema9s1 #cj ,musical in/rum5ts1 inv5tion (1 #aah ,n ,nahr-el-,kelb1 cav]ns (1 #dd2 p (1 #bjc ,ne&]?al skull1 !1 #fj ,nean?ropic age1 def9ition (1 #ag2 ev5ts (1 #ci2 m5 (1 #ie ,nebula1 picture (1 #ah ,necklace1 a %ell1 #dh ,neocosmic age1 appe>ance (1 m5 (1 #ia1 #ajb ,neoli?ic age1 m5 (1 #aja ,niag>a1 ,lyell's use (1 #abd ,nile valley1 lime/ones (1 #afh1 #bja2 appe>ance (1 #agd ,nimrod1 k+dom (1 #aij ,noah1 /ory (1 #aba ,nues* on deposits at ,s*weiz]sbild1 #hg ,o ,old man ( ,cro-magnon1 #ec2 suppos$ hi/ory (1 #fe ,ornam5ts1 rema9s (1 #dh1 #eh ,p ,paloli?ic implem5ts1 discov]ies (1 #ca ,palozoic age1 !1 #ai ,palan?ropic age1 def9ition (1 #ag2 numb] ( species ( mammals 91 #cg2 climate (1 #ch2 l& (1 #dj2 caves (1 #df2 animals (1 #ej2 man (1 #ea2 conditions (1 #fi2 divisions (1 #gj2 tragic end (1 #he2 *anges 9 fauna (1 #hj2 subsid5ce (1 #hh ,pale/9e1 p (1 #aig2 hi/ory (1 #bja ,pavil& skull1 !1 #fj ,petrie3 8 photographic portraits1 #ahj ,ph>aoh ( ! ,exodus1 !1 #agi ,phnicians1 !1 #aic ,pictet on numb] ( species 9 palan?ropic age1 #cg ,p9*es on ,*aldean ,g5esis1 #aac ,pla9 dwell]s1 #ea2 conditions (1 #gd ,plei/oc5e age1 def9ition (1 #ag2 hi/ory (1 #bc2 human rema9s (1 #cj2 ev5ts (1 #ci ,plioc5e age1 #bc2 *anges (1 #bd2 human rema9s (1 #bi2 ev5ts (1 #ci ,poli%$ ,/one age1 !1 #fi2 m5 (1 #aja ,po/-glacial age1 #bf2 elevation (1 #cf ,punites1 #aic ,q ,quat]n>y p]iod1 !1 #bj ,quatrefages on ,ca/eln$olo skeleton1 #bi2 on ,tru*re skull1 #hd ,r ,ra1 wor%ip (1 #agg ,rec5cy ( man1 #bac ,reclus1 romance (1 #bjh ,re9de] age1 !1 #ch1 #ej ,rh9oc]os 9 ,europe1 !1 #ch ,rivire on ,m5tone skeleton1 #eh1 #fb ,s ,sayce on ! high] criticism1 #aji ,scale ( e>?'s hi/ory1 a1 #bb ,s*liemann1 discov]ies (1 #aff ,s*weiz]sbild1 deposits at1 #hg ,semites1 migrations1 #ahi ,se?1 ! race (1 #aca ,%ell ornam5ts1 rema9s (1 #dh1 #eh ,sickle1 wood51 #agb ,silures1 !1 #ajc ,skeleton ( ,ca/eln$olo1 #bi2 ,m5tone1 #eh2 ( ,laug]ie ,basse1 #eh ,skull f ,val d',arno1 #bi2 ( ,cro-magnon1 #ec1 #hb2 ( ,cli*y1 ,gr5elle1 ,gibralt>1 ,pavil&1 ,ne&]?al1 ,engis1 #fj2 ( ,can/adt1 #ha2 ( ,tru*re1 #hc ,species1 numb] ( palan?ropic1 #cg ,sph9x1 !1 hi/ory (1 #agf ,spy1 int]m5ts at1 #ef ,/one ages1 !1 #fi ,subm]g5ce1 records (1 #adh ,subsid5ce ( palan?ropic age1 #hh2 date (1 #ij ,t ,tammuz1 /ory (1 #afa ,taylor on e>ly m5 ( ,brita91 #ajc ,tee?1 human1 condition (1 #fc ,tel-el-,am>na tablets1 #afe1 #agg ,tigris1 !1 #aad ,tr5ton1 fl9ts (1 #cb ,tri/ram on cave %elt]s1 #dd ,v ,vezre1 rock %elt]s (1 #ea ,w ,:i/le1 bone1 #aaf ,woman ( ,cro-magnon1 #ee ,woolly rh9oc]os 9 ,europe1 !1 #ch ,z ,zittel on numb] ( species ( mammals1 #cg 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,all obvi\s typographical errors 7 correct$4 ,m9or *anges 7 made to /&>dize ! text to mat* ! mo/ preval5t =m us$4 ,to make x easi] to locate ! ,index entries1 a l9e ) ea* alpha gr\p's fir/ lett] 0 add$4