,illu/ration3 ,cov]    ,illu/ration3    
,title page                             
,,?omas                                 
,,*alm]s                                
,,by                                 ,w4
 ,,g>d5                                 
,,blaikie                               
,,fam\s                                 
,,scots                                 
,,s]ies                                 
,,publi%$ ,,by                          
,,oliphant ,,&]son                      
,,f]ri] -- ,,ed9burgh                   
,,& ,,london                        ,!  
designs & ornam5ts ( ?is                
volume are by ,mr4 ,joseph ,br[n1       
& ! pr9t+ f ! press (                   
,messrs4 ,t4 & ,a4 ,con/able1 ,ed9burgh4
                                        
,,preface  ,i _c s5d =? ?is little sket*
 ( ! ,life ( ,*alm]s )\t express+ anew  
my admiration ( ! f\r-volum$ biography  
by my late belov$ fri5d1 ,dr4 ,hanna4   
,x is n only admirable z a portrait1 b x
 _c be read by any sympa!tic read] )\t a

 s5se ( humiliation1 & )\t a great      
/imulus to high] ?+s4  ,x is mu* to be  
regrett$ t ,dr4 ,hanna 0 unable to c>ry 
out ! purpose :i* x is und]/ood t he    
*]i%$1 ( cond5s+ ! "w into a s+le       
volume4  ,o!r memorials ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s h
 be5 giv5 to ! _w4  ,among ^! may be    
not$3--  #a4 ,a ,biographical ,notice ( 
! late ,?os4 ,*alm]s1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4  
,read be=e ! ,royal ,society (          
,ed9burgh4  ,by ! ,v ,rev4 ,e4 ,b4      
,ramsay1 ,m4,a41 #ahej4  #b4 ,*alm]iana2
 or ,colloquies ) ,dr4 ,*alm]s4  ,by    
,joseph ,john ,gurney1 #ahec4  #c4 ,a   
,selection f ! ,correspond5ce ( ,?os4   
,*alm]s1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,edit$ by     
,rev4 ,w4 ,hanna1 ,,ll4,d41 #ahec4  #d4 
,mr4 ,isaac ,taylor's elaborate articles
 9 ! ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 #aheb &     
#ahef4  #e4 ,?omas ,*alm]s1 a           
,biographical ,/udy4  ,by ,james ,dodds1
 #ahgi4  #f4 ,?omas ,*alm]s4  ,8 ,life &
 its ,lessons4  ,by ,rev4 ,norman ,l4   
,walk]1 #ahhj4  #g4 ,?omas ,*alm]s1     
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4  7,m5 ,wor? ,rememb]+74

 ,by ,donald ,fras]1 ,d4,d41 #ahha4  #h4
 ,?omas ,*alm]s1 ,prea*]1 ,philosoph]1 &
 ,/atesman4 ,by ,mrs4 ,oliphant1 #ahic4 
#i4 ,recollections ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s by    
,pr(essor ,david ,masson1 9 ,l[e's &    
,macmillan's ,magaz9es4    #aj4         
,recollections by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,macaulay
 9 ! ,leisure ,h\r4  #aa4 ,fun]al       
,s]mons & ,lectures by ,rev4 ,dr4       
,cunn+ham1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,jas4 ,bu*anan1   
,rev4 ,john ,bruce1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,k4       
,twe$ie1 ,rev4 ,john ,g4 ,lorim]1 ,rev4 
,james ,julius ,wood1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4     
,wallace1 ,rev4 ,john ,gemmel1 ,rev4    
,david ,c\p]1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,task]1 ,rev4   
,a4 ,j4 ,ross1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,l9dsay   
,alex&]1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,sprague 7,albany1  
,new ,york71 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,%>p 7,bo/on71  
,rev4 ,pr(essor ,edw>ds 7,&ov]71 ,rev4  
,dr4 ,smy? 7,*>le/on71 etc4 etc4  ,among
 ! greate/ privileges & hon\rs ( 8 life1
 ! writ] w ev] reg>d 8 hav+ be5 = "o    
session a /ud5t "u ,dr4 ,*alm]s at      
,ed9burgh2 = ?ree ye>s a co-presbyt] &  
cordial fell[-work] on 8 l9es1 9 =m+ &  

build+ up a t]ritorial congregation2 & =
 _m ye>s ! occupant ( "o ( two *airs (  
!ology :i* 7 con/itut$ at ! ,disruption 
9 ,new ,college1 9 place ( ! s+le *air  
:i* ,dr4 ,*alm]s _h held1 & ?us 9 a     
s5se1 b mo/ unwor?ily1 "o ( 8           
successors4   ,,ed9burgh1 ,decemb]      
#ahif4                                  
,,cont5ts                               
,,*apt] ,i  ,,bir?1 ,,s*ool1 ,,&        
,,college1 #aghj-ahjc                   
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,kilmany1 #ahjc-ahae     
,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,glasg[1 #ahae-ahbc     
,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,/4 ,,&rews ,,univ]sity1 
#ahbc-ahbh                              
,,*apt] ,v  ,,ed9burgh ,,univ]sity1     
#ahbh-ahdc                              
,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,new ,,college1          
,,ed9burgh1 #ahdc-ahdg                  
,,?omas ,,*alm]s                        
,,*apt] ,i                              
,,bir?1 ,,s*ool1 ,,& ,,college          
#aghj-ahjc   ,?omas ,*alm]s 0 born at   
,an/ru!r1 ,fife%ire1 on ! #ag? ,m>*     
#aghj1 :5 ! fl[]s 7 appe>+ on ! e>?1 & !

 "t ( ! s++ ( birds 0 come4 ,x seems    
nev] to h be5 notic$ t ?is 0 ,/4        
,patrick's day1 & no "o has ev] in/itut$
 a comp>ison betwe5 ! lives ( ! two     
illu/ri\s ,scotsm54  ,b if only we _h   
au!ntic mat]ials = ! life ( ,patrick1 ^:
 ,scotti% bir? seems well e/abli%$1 x   
w\ld probably be f\nd t !re 0 no slight 
simil>ity4 ,transf]r+ 8 lab\rs to       
,irel&1 ,patrick1 ) ! ,gospel ( ,jesus  
,*ri/ z 8 in/rum5t1 lab\r$ = ! d\ble    
object ( br++ individuals )9 ! ,k+dom ( 
,god1 & elevat+ & purify+ ! condition ( 
! c\ntry4 ,! same d\ble aim 0 ev] pres5t
 to ! m9d ( ,*alm]s4  ,on ! basis ( !   
,gospel1 he c\ld n sep>ate ! social f ! 
p]sonal1 ! g5]al f ! p>ticul>1 !        
temporal f ! spiritual4  ,he _h always  
an ,arcadia1 a ,utopia1 a new spr+-tide 
= 8 c\ntry 9 8 vi/a2 b a spr+-tide to be
 realis$ 9 "o way only--by ! com+ ( !   
,_s f on high4  ,an/ru!r 0 n a /irr+    
t[n1 = ?r\gh ! union ) ,engl& x _h lo/  
no little ( ! trade1 :e!r legal or      
contrab&1 :i* 9 =m] days1 along ) ! o!r 

little t[ns on ! ,fife seabo>d1 x _h    
c>ri$ on ) ,france & ,engl&4  ,b an     
abundant elem5t ( life & activity 0     
suppli$ )9 8 fa!r's h\se1 :]e n9e bro!rs
 & five si/]s1 among :om ,?omas came    
fif?1 mu/ h suffic$ to make any h\sehold
 lively4  ,! fa!r 0 9 fairly prosp]\s   
bus9ess1 & provo/ ( ! t[n4  ,he is      
describ$ z 'dignifi$ & h&some 9         
appe>ance1 highly hon\rable1 c\rte\s1 & 
k9d2 & ( f]v5t b n o/5tati\s piety4'  ,!
 "m 0 9 p]son %ort1 ?ick1 erect1 devot$ 
to h] h\sehold1 %>+ h] husb&'s piety1 b 
s self-re/ra9$ t a smile 0 seldom se5 on
 h] face4  ,! family 0 connect$ ) _m    
memb]s ( ! middle-class1 "s also ( !    
cl]gy1 & a spr9kl+ ( ! l&$ g5try4  ,!   
p>i% s*ool ( ,an/ru!r1 to :i* ,*alm]s1  
p]secut$ by a scold+ nurse1 w5t at ! age
 ( ?ree1 0 taught by a ma/] nev] v      
effici5t1 & 9 ,*alm]s's "t old & ne>ly  
bl9d1 :o made up = o!r defici5cies by 8 
great en]gy 9 flogg+4  ,!re 0 an        
assi/ant tea*] :o 0 n mu* m effective 9 
tea*+ ?an 8 pr9cipal1 b :o 0 z mild z ! 

o!r 0 sev]e4  ,?is g5tleman1 :o surviv$ 
,*alm]s1 bore a v t\*+ te/imony to 8    
k9dness4 ',no man1' he exclaim$ on "o   
occasion1 'kn[s ! am\nt ( k9dness :i* ,i
 h receiv$ f him4  ,he has (t5 done me  
good bo? z respects my s\l & my body2 _m
 a pi?y s5t5ce he utt]$ :5 he ?rew      
himself 9 my way2 _m a p\nd note has he 
giv5 me2 & he always did ! ?+ z if he 7 
afraid t any p]son %\ld see him4'  ,(   
,*alm]s z a s*oolboy ! te/imony is t he 
0 '"o ( ! idle/1 /ronge/1 m]rie/1 & mo/ 
g5]\s-he>t$ boys 9 ,an/ru!r s*ool4'  ,_h
 "o *anc$ to come ^u ! s*ool-*ildr5     
engag$ 9 _! v>i\s amusem5ts 7says "o ( 8
 biograph]s71 "o %\ld soon h di/+ui%$   
'"o boy above ! re/1 seem+ ab\t t5 or   
twelve ye>s ( age1 :o is ! lead] 9 _!   
sports--/rong1 active1 m]ry1 & boi/]\s1 
) big head1 matt$ d>k hair1 l>ge pla9   
features1 broad %\ld]s1 well-proportion$
 b brawny limbs1 8 laugh always l\de/1 &
 8 figure always =emo/ at football & !  
o!r games 9 :i* !y are cont5d+4'#a    #a
 ,?omas ,*alm]s3 ,a ,biographical ,/udy4

  ,by ,james ,dodds4  ,! fa!r & "m (    
,dr4 ,*alm]s1 z we h said1 7 ( /rong    
religi\s "*1 he>ty foll[]s ( !          
,calv9i/ic !ology1 &1 ?\gh too busy to  
be/[ mu* att5tion on ! education ( _!   
family1 v desir\s t !y %\ld all accept  
_! views4  ,mu* ?\gh ,*alm]s respect$ & 
hon\r$ !m1 he did n at fir/ fall 9 ) _! 
views ( life & duty4  ,he grew up ) a   
positive dislike bo? ( ! ,calv9i/ic     
!ology & ! evangelical life4  ,x 0 n    
till aft] he _h be5 "s ye>s 9 ! m9i/ry  
t1 "u ! acute pressure ( p]sonal illness
 & family b]eavem5ts1 he came to see z  
!y did1 & to live z !y liv$4  ,! *ange  
to !m mu/ h be5 l ! conv]sion ( ,augu/9e
 to ,monica4  ,& yet1 9 aft] ye>s1 _!   
int]c\rse 0 n :olly )\t friction4 ,x is 
t\*+ to m>k 9 ! son's di>y tok5s ( 8    
humiliation on acc\nt ( ! crossness )   
:i* he sometimes spoke to !m4  ,bo? 7   
deaf1 & an aunt :o liv$ ) !m 0 deaf]    
/ill1 & x annoy$ ,?omas1 ) 8 naturally  
impati5t temp]1 to f9d himself          
misappreh5d$1 (t5 to h to repeat 8      

rem>ks1 & always to speak 9 t l\d] tone 
:i* ! deaf require4  ,we may be sure t  
:5 he felt & confess$ ?us 9 secret1 he  
w\ld try to make up = x at o!r times by 
d\ble k9dness1 = ( all ?+s t c\ld vex   
him1 to inflict ne$less pa9 0 ab\t !    
wor/4  ,8 respect = !m 0 alike s9c]e &  
affectionate2 & = 8 "m's wid[           
hood--lonely1 b bright1 calm1 & holy1 he
 _h su* a rev]5ce t x became ! v patt]n 
( all t he desir$ mo/ e>ne/ly = 8 own   
old age4  ,?omas 0 n yet twelve1 :51 ) 8
 bro!r ,william1 he 0 s5t on to !       
,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews4 ,at su* an age1
 common en\gh !n 9 ,scotl&1 boys 7      
incapable ( grasp+ ! great aims ( a     
univ]sity2 & college to !m 0 b an upp]  
s*ool4  ,b ! *ange to ! univ]sity _h at 
fir/ no effect 9 m5d+ ! idle ways ( our 
/ud5t4  ,he 0 'volatile1 boyi%1 & idle4'
  ,yet1 ev5 f ! fir/1 he 0 not$ = /rict 
integrity & w>m affection1 & 9 all t he 
did und]take he 0 en?usia/ic & p]sev]+4 
,x 0 n till 8 ?ird session t he became  
atta*$ to any bran* ( le>n+4  ,! sci5ce 

t captivat$ him !n 0 ma!matics4  ,& s   
ard5tly did he devote himself to x1 t   
long aft]w>ds1 ab\t ! "t :5 he left     
,kilmany1 he 0 famili>ly kn[n z ',mr4   
,*alm]s1 ! ma!matician4' ,he might h    
borne ! designation to ! v end4 ,8 m9d 0
 fa%ion$ on ! ma!matical model1 tak+ its
 /& on realities1 ! sub/antial v]ities (
 life2 /riv+ to expla9 _! relations &   
applications1 & !n press+ !m ) trem5d\s 
en]gy on ! he>ts & consci5ces ( 8       
fell[s4  ,= ,pr(essor ,br[n1 8          
ma!matical tea*]1 he reta9$ ?r\gh life !
 w>me/ reg>d2 & :5 he di$ 9 #ahcf1 he   
wrote to 8 wid[1 t ( all 8 public       
in/ructors he 0 ! "o t impress$ him mo/1
 & to :om he ow$ mo/ 9 ! =mation ( 8    
ta/es & habits1 & 9 ! guidance ( 8      
lit]>y life4  ,z ! t]m9ation ( 8        
curriculum 9 arts drew ne>1 x became    
necess>y t he %\ld *oose a pr(ession4   
,/range to say1 al?\gh he _h no fav\r   
ei!r = !ology or religion1 he _h decl>$ 
f 8 boyhood = ! m9i/ry4  ,"s ( ! m      
picturesque say+s ( ! ,bible _h tak5 a  

rem>kable hold ( 8 m9d4  ,:5 b ?ree ye>s
 old1 be+ miss$ & s\ght =1 aft] x _h    
become d>k1 he 0 f\nd alone1 pac+ up &  
d[n 9 ! nurs]y1 repeat+ to himself !    
words ( ,david1 ',o my son ,absalom1 my 
son ,absalom2 ,o ,absalom1 my son1 my   
son6' ,! si/] ( "o ( 8 s*oolfell[s us$  
to tell ( h] break+ 9 on ! two1 & f9d+  
him on a *air1 prea*+ vigor\sly to 8    
s+le he>]4  ,x 0 ! s\l ( ! orator ass]t+
 itself f ! v fir/4  ,b :5 he ent]$ on 8
 !ological c\rse1 !re seem$ to be little
 or no developm5t ( ! real _s ( !       
m9i/ry4  ,he 01 inde$1 full ( rev]5ce = 
tru?1 & s impati5t ( any?+ l d\ble      
deal+1 t :5 8 pr(essor repres5t$ t c]ta9
 doctr9es ( ,calv9ism %\ld n be mu*     
spok5 (1 he c\ld n b ask1 ,:y n1 if !y  
be true8  ,?r\gh\t 8 :ole life he       
dislik$ m5 :o 7 n above bo>d ) ev]y?+1 &
 8 own reg>d = tru? 0 transp>5t to all4 
,= a "t 8 m9d 0 cl\d$ ) scepticism4 ,!  
books t 7 mo/ useful 9 re/or+ 8 fai? 7  
,butl]'s ,analogy & ,beattie's ,essay on
 ,tru?4  ,a v rem>kable effect 0 produc$

 on him :51 "s "t aft]1 he became       
acqua9t$ ) ,jona?an ,edw>ds on ,!       
,fre$om ( ! ,w4  ,= a "t he c\ld nei!r  
?9k nor talk ( any?+ else4  ,:at s      
impress$ him 0 ! idea ( ! :ole s]ies (  
ev5ts 9 ! spiritual z well z ! mat]ial  
_w be+ b\nd toge!r by unalt]able l9ks1 &
 ?us =m+ "o va/ s*eme--a wond]ful       
tribute to ! wisdom1 p[]1 & glory (     
,god4  ,! incid5t %[$ h[ 8 m9d _h exp&$1
 & h[ he _h come to f9d delight 9 l>ge1 
compreh5sive views ( ?+s4  ,long aft]1  
he spoke ( ! ye> 9 :i* ?is subject      
occupi$ him z a "t ( m5tal elysium1 s   
great 0 8 delight4  ,yet at ?is "t      
evangelical tru? 0 positively reject$4  
,we are rem9d$ ( ! exp]i5ce ( ano!r1    
aft]w>ds a colleague ( 8 own 9 ,new     
,college1 ,ed9burgh1 ! late ,dr4 ,john  
,duncan1 :o1 ev5 :5 a /ud5t ( div9ity1  
w&]$ = a "t 9 ! gloomy mazes ( a!ism1 b 
:5 br\ght into ! light ( !ism--ap>t f   
,*ri/ianity altoge!r--express$ 8 emotion
 9 a way ( 8 own3 ',i danc$ on ! brig o'
 ,dee :5 ,i came to see !re 0 a ,god4'  

,x 0 ( c\rse necess>y1 :5 he _h advanc$ 
some:at 9 8 div9ity c\rse1 t he %\ld    
practise ! art ( composition4  ,8 fir/  
ef=ts1 we are told1 7 poor en\gh4  ,!   
composition bo? ( 8 lett]s & 8 college  
ex]cises 0 bald1 unreliev$ by any gleam 
( fancy or s5tim5t4  ,b 9 two ye>s he _h
 le>n$ to write ) ease & flu5cy1 & he _h
 =m$ t rem>kable1 if some:at turgid /yle
 :i* he practis$ ev] aft]4  ,we "k s    
little ( ! ,engli% writ]s :o engag$ 8   
att5tion at ?is "t t ! natural hi/ory ( 
8 /yle is some?+ ( a puzzle4  ,x has    
some:at ( ! swell & dignity ( ,johnson1 
& mu* ( ! diffus5ess ( ,burke--two ( !  
mo/ prom95t writ]s 9 8 y\?4  ,b its ma9 
quality mu/ h aris5 f ! burn+ f]v\r ( 8 
own m9d1 & ! natural outfl[ ( 8 ?\ghts1 
%ap+ 8 language spontane\sly1 & m\ld+ x 
into *>act]i/ic =ms ( beauty & p[]4  ,:5
 9 #ahdb1 on ! eve ( ! ,disruption1     
,*alm]s met f\r or five hundr$ ( 8      
bre?r5 9 :at 0 kn[n z ! ,convocation1 & 
endeav\r$ to reconcile !m to ! prospect 
( an un5d[$ *ur*1 ! task 0 "o t dem&$ ! 

highe/ ef=ts ( 8 eloqu5ce4  ,x 0 8 aim  
to r\se !m to an attitude wor?y ( !     
occasion1 &1 ) t view1 he conclud$ an   
appeal ( transc5d5t p[] ) a eulogy (    
en?usiasm :i* awak5$ ?und]s ( applause4 
,nev] _h he seem$ m eloqu5t4 ,yet !     
passage t _h s ?rill$ 8 audi5ce 0 f\nd  
aft] 8 dea? to be an exact transcript f 
"o ( 8 /ud5t disc\rses4  ',en?usiasm is 
a virtue r>ely produc$ 9 a /ate ( calm &
 unruffl$ repose4  ,x fl\ri%es 9        
adv]sity4  ,x k9dles 9 ! h\r ( dang] &  
rises to de$s ( r5[n4  ,! t]rors (      
p]secution only s]ve to awak5 ! en]gy ( 
its purposes4  ,x swells 9 ! pride (    
integrity1 & great 9 ! purity ( its     
cause1 x c scatt] defiance amid a ho/ ( 
enemies4'--,already1 'f]vet1 imm5susque 
ruit4'  ,9 ^? days x 0 ! practice ( !   
memb]s ( ! univ]sity to meet morn+ &    
ev5+ 9 ! public hall = wor%ip1 ! pray]s 
be+ l$ by ! /ud5ts ( div9ity4  ,9 8 fir/
 !ological session1 ,mr4 ,*alm]s's pray]
 0 an amplification ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 s 
eloqu5t & orig9al z to awak5 ! wond] (  

all4  ,"o :o rememb]$ 8 pray]s on ^!    
occasions said3 ',! wond]ful fl[ (      
eloqu5t1 vivid1 ard5t description ( !   
attributes & works ( ,god1 & /ill m1    
p]haps1 ! a/oni%+ly h>r[+ del9eation ( !
 mis]ies1 ! horrid cruelties1           
immoralities1 & abom9ations insep>able f
 w>1 :i* always came 9 m or less 9      
connection ) ! bloody w>f>e 9 :i* we 7  
engag$ ) ,france1 call$ =? ! wond]m5t ( 
8 he>]s4  ,he 0 !n only sixte5 ye>s (   
age1 yet he %[$ a ta/e & capacity =     
composition ( ! mo/ gl[+ & eloqu5t k9d4 
,ev5 !n 8 /yle 0 v mu* ! same z at !    
p]iod :5 he attract$ s mu* notice1 &    
made su* p[]ful impression 9 ! pulpit & 
by ! press4'  ,?us already1 9 8 /ud5t   
days1 t great outl9e ( "* _h begun to   
%ape itself1 :i*1 modifi$ aft]w>ds by   
new & p[]ful =ces1 made him ! great man 
he 04  ,! int5sity ( 8 nature1 !        
r$undant en]gy t h>dly knew fatigue1 !  
l>g5ess ( 8 view1 ! w>m? ( 8 affection1 
! indep5d5ce ( 8 judgm5t1 & ! gu%+      
impetuosity ( 8 /yle 7 manife/ f ^!     

college days4 ,:atev] he may h d]iv$ f 8
 p>5ts1 or f ! ma/]s t taught him1 or ! 
books he read1 a fe>less1 /urdy         
indep5d5ce 0 ! rul+ feature--he 0 a     
g5u9e ,scot4   ,on f9i%+ 8 !ological    
/udies he accept$ a situation z tutor 9 
a family1 "u ! feel+ t1 z 8 k ( mank9d  
_h hi!rto be5 limit$ to 8 own family & 8
 fell[-/ud5ts1 x 0 desirable = him to "k
 a little m ( ! _w4  ,b 8 exp]i5ce 0 n  
happy4 ,x 0 n m]ely t 8 h\rs ( tea*+ 7 s
 arrang$ z to leave him h>dly any "t =  
read+1 b t 8 treatm5t 0 n :at he        
consid]$ due to a g5tleman4  ,( su*     
treatm5t he 0 s5sitive to ! la/ degree1 
nor 0 he re/ra9$ by any ba%fulness or   
timidity f express+ 8 op9ion ( x4  ,8   
employ] wi%$ to ?r[ ! blame on himself1 
& told him he _h too mu* pride4  ,he    
c\ld n d5y ! *>ge1 b %[$ a ready wit 9  
hurl+ x back on 8 accus]4  ',sir1' 0 8  
undaunt$ reply1 '!re are two k9ds (     
pride3 !re is ! pride :i* lords x ov]   
inf]iors1 & !re is ! pride :i* rejoices 
9 repress+ ! insol5ce ( sup]iors4 ,!    

fir/ ,i h none (--! second ,i glory 94' 
,?is1 to say ! lea/1 0 tol]ably sm>t = a
 lad ( eighte54 ,b x %[$ n only 8       
indep5d5ce b 8 intol]ance ( opposition4 
,soon aft]1 he gave up ! situation4  ,he
 _h n complet$ 8 n9ete5? ye> :5 he      
appli$ to 8 presbyt]y to be lic5s$ z a  
probation]4  ,he 0 "u ! legal age1 b    
probably 8 precocity _h made a          
consid]able impression1 = ! law 0 evad$ 
"u a traditional exception 9 fav\r (    
y\?s '( pregnant p>ts1' & on ! #ba/     
,july #agii he became a lic5tiate4  ,b  
he did n %[ mu* int]e/ 9 ! "w ( 8 new   
call+4 ,imm$iately aft]1 he paid a visit
 to fri5ds 9 ,engl&1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he 
prea*$ 8 fir/ s]mon1 at ,wigan1 on #be? 
,augu/ #agii4 ,8 elde/ bro!r wrote to 8 
fa!r3 ',8 mode ( deliv]y is expressive1 
8 language beautiful1 & 8 argum5ts v    
=cible & /rong4444  ,x is ! op9ion ( ^? 
:o pret5d to be judges t he w %9e 9 !   
pulpit1 b z yet he is r awkw>d 9 8      
appe>ance4  ,we1 h[ev]1 are at "s pa9s 9
 adju/+ 8 dress1 mann]1 etc41 b he does 

n seem to pay any great reg>d to x      
himself4 ,8 ma!matical /udies appe> to  
occupy m ( 8 "t ?an 8 religi\s4'        
,return+ f ,engl&1 he sp5t ! next two   
w9t]s at ,ed9burgh att5d+ classes at !  
univ]sity4  ,ma!matics1 *emi/ry1 natural
 & moral philosophy1 & political economy
 7 ! subjects t occupi$ 8 att5tion4 ,to 
,dr4 ,robison1 ,pr(essor ( ,natural     
,philosophy1 he felt himself "u v deep  
obligations4  ,he _h be5 p]plex$ by !   
views :i* he f\nd 9 ! ,sy/eme de la     
,nature1 publi%$ "u ! pseudonym (       
,mirabeau1 b really ! "w ( ! ,b>on von  
,holba*4 ,t rigid uni=mity ( natural law
 :i* x en=c$ seem$ to po9t om9\sly to   
mat]ialism & a!ism4  ,"u ,pr(essor      
,robison's in/ructions he 0 l$ to pond] 
! rem>kable h>mony betwe5 ! human m9d & 
! processes ( nature--! wond]ful        
adaptation ( ! "o to ! o!r2 & !         
conclusion 0 irresi/ible t ?is mu/ be   
due to an intellig5t ,div9e ,be+ :o _h  
fram$ ^! adaptations4 ,9 aft] ye>s ?is 0
 ! !me ( 8 ,bridgewat] treatise1 & x 0  

"o ( ! corn]-/ones ( 8 ,natural ,!ology4
  ,z to prea*+ dur+ ^! ,ed9burgh /udies1
 x seems to h be5 almo/ entirely        
neglect$4  ,a new situation1 h[ev]1 op5$
 up to him1 z assi/ant to ! ,rev4 ,mr4  
,elliot1 m9i/] ( ,cav]s1 9              
,roxburgh%ire4 ,! duties ( ?is (fice he 
dis*>g$ = ab\t a ye> ) fair regul>ity & 
dilig5ce1 b )\t h>d "w1 & )\t 8 %[+ any 
lively int]e/ 9 ! objects ( ! m9i/ry4   
,9 ! c\rse ( 8 resid5ce !re1 he le>n$ t 
:5 ! p>i% ( ,kilmany1 9 ,fife1 %\ld fall
 vacant 7z x 0 likely to d1 b n j       
imm$iately1 by ! appo9tm5t ( ! incumb5t 
to a *air71 he w\ld get ! pres5tation f 
! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews4  ,b :at      
int]e/$ him mu* m 0 8 appo9tm5t z       
assi/ant1 = ! ensu+ session1 to !       
pr(essor ( ma!matics !re4  ,all t       
conc]n$ ! m9i/ry excit$ b a languid     
int]e/1 b 8 lit]>y & sci5tific ambition 
0 irrepressible4  ,already x _h begun to
 look t[>ds a ma!matical *air4  ,z ,mrs4
 ,oliphant rem>ks1 ',! life & en]gy ( a 
robu/ "y man1 full ( ambition1 eag] =   

a*ievem5t1 0 9 all 8 ve9s4'  ,z a tea*] 
he k9dl$ ! en?usiasm ( 8 /ud5ts =       
ma!matical sci5ce4  ,to himself !       
demon/rations ( geometry 7 alike        
complete & beautiful4  ,b he _h also a  
way ( associat+ ma!matics ) o!r         
pursuits1 ( br++ all mann] ( side-lights
 to be> on ! /udy1 ( f9d+ analogies 9   
?is qu>t] & 9 t1 t greatly increas$ 8   
popul>ity z a tea*]4  ,z "o ( 8 /ud5ts  
rem>k$ aft]w>ds1 ',"u 8 extraord9>y     
managem5t ! /udy ( ma!matics 0 felt to  
be h>dly less a play ( ! fancy ?an a    
lab\r ( ! intellect--! lessons ( ! day  
be+ cont9ually int]sp]s$ ) applications 
& illu/rations ( ! mo/ lively nature1 s 
t he secur$ 9 a s+ul> mann] ! confid5ce 
& atta*m5t ( 8 pupils4'  ,b su*         
popul>ity among ! /ud5ts 0 apt to beget 
a diff]5t feel+ among ! pr(essors2 x    
especially r\s$ ,mr4 ,vilant1 ! g5tleman
 z ^: sub/itute ,*alm]s _h be5 act+4    
,mr4 ,vilant1 x appe>$1 _h be5 grant+   
c]tificates )\t communication ) 8       
assi/ant--a griev\s (f5ce 9 8 eyes4     

,accord+ly1 at ! public exam9ation ( 8  
classes at ! end ( ! session1 ,*alm]s   
broke out into a sev]e invective aga9/  
him1 & deliv]$ a long1 s>ca/ic spee* 9  
condemnation ( 8 conduct4  ,! pr(essors 
knew n h[ to look1 b at la/ ! ,pr9cipal 
br\ght ! spee* ( ,*alm]s to an end1 & he
 proce$$ ) 8 exam9ation z if no?+ _h    
happ5$4  ,8 capacity ( comb9+ /rong     
feel+ 9 "o direction ) p]fect           
self-control 9 e o!r 0 v rem>kable4 ,_m 
ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 express+ 8 views )    
extraord9>y en]gy 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly  
on ! "q t l$ to ! ,disruption1 he 0     
int]rupt$ by a layman1 :o rem>k$ t !y 7 
all pleas$ to he> him1 excit$ ?\gh he 01
 b t !re 7 limits1 etc41 etc4 ',excit$6'
 exclaim$ ,*alm]s1 9 great a/oni%m5t2   
'does ! g5tleman say t ,i am excit$8  ,i
 am z cool z an algebraic problem4' ,8  
head 0 9 no degree di/urb$ by ! vehem5ce
 ( 8 he>t4  ,a %ort "t _h to elapse     
betwe5 ! close ( ! session & 8 ord9ation
 z m9i/] ( ,kilmany1 :i* ,mr4 ,*alm]s   
devot$ to a visit to ,ed9burgh4  ,8 fa!r

 0 disappo9t$ & mortifi$ t on ! eve (   
ent]+ on s solemn a pr(ession1 he did n 
put ! int]val to use at home 9 ! way (  
e>ne/ m$itation & pray]4  ,= t1 h[ev]1 !
 son did n see ! slighte/ necessity4    
,he deem$ himself already suffici5tly   
prep>$ = 8 duties1 ) ! nature ( :i* he 0
 well acqua9t$4  ,9 ?is /ra9 he wrote to
 8 fa!r1 adh]+ to 8 plan4  ,a few ye>s  
lat] he w\ld h felt mo/ diff]5tly1 &1   
a%am$ ( 8 c>elessness1 he w\ld h mo/    
cordially fall5 9 ) all t 8 fa!r _h     
writt54                                 
,,*apt] ,,ii                            
,,kilmany                               
#ahjc-ahae   ,on ! #ab? day ( ,may      
#ahjc1 ,mr4 ,*alm]s 0 orda9$ by !       
,presbyt]y ( ,cup> to ! m9i/ry (        
,kilmany4 ,nev] did ! settlem5t ( a "y  
man ( tw5ty-?ree create less int]e/ 9 ! 
m9d ( ! p]son pr9cipally conc]n$4  ,!re 
is no evid5ce ei!r ( t elation ( feel+  
:i* a "y man naturally has 9 tak+       
possession ( a *ur* & manse1 & fill+ an 
important place 9 a community2 or ( t   

ov]:elm+ s5se ( responsibility :i* s    
solemn a *>ge excites 9 a s]i\s m9d4 ,x 
0 n ! m9i/ry b ma!matics t held ! fir/  
place 9 8 he>t4  ,not)/&+ 8 settlem5t z 
m9i/] ( ,kilmany1 he 0 b5t on be+       
re-appo9t$ to ! ma!matical assi/ant%ip  
dur+ ! ensu+ w9t]4 ,8 pr$ecessor 9 t    
(fice _h be5 m9i/] ( a p>i% = six out ( 
! elev5 ye>s :5 he _h held x2 :at       
reasonable objection c\ld !re be to 8   
hold+ x = a s+le session8  ,aft] :at _h 
happ5$ at ! end ( la/ session1 x 0 no   
great wond] t 8 employ] %\ld in=m him t 
8 s]vices 7 no long] ne$$4  ,?is c\ld   
h>dly h be5 a surprise1 ?\gh x 0 a      
disappo9tm5t2 b :5 x 0 indicat$ t       
ineffici5cy 0 ! cause ( 8 dismissal1 x 0
 view$ z an intol]able insult4          
,ineffici5cy1 =soo?6  ,if he %\ld submit
 to t1 x w\ld be a dea?bl[ to all 8     
hopes ( lit]>y & sci5tific advancem5t1 &
 x w\ld %ut him out = ev] f all hope ( a
 univ]sity *air4  ,unaba%$ by ! treatm5t
 ( ! pr(essors1 he resolv$ to defy !m1 &
 to op5 classes on 8 own acc\nt dur+ !  

ensu+ session4  ,he 0 too self-confid5t 
& self-reliant to c>e :at might be said 
( him1 ei!r by ! pr(essors or ! public2 
b !re 0 "o qu>t] 9 :i* he 0 desir\s to  
conciliate approval1 or at lea/ to      
prev5t condemnation4  ,he f\nd x        
necess>y to give reasons to 8 fa!r = n  
conf9+ himself to ! duties ( 8 m9i/]ial 
*>ge4  ,! *ief reason 01 t1 ap>t f      
prea*+1 ! duties 7 slight & easy1 & x 0 
8 int5tion1 :ile sp5d+ ! week 9 ,/4     
,&rews1 to return to ,kilmany on        
,saturdays = ,sunday duties1 :ile two ( 
8 neighb\rs 7 will+ to att5d to any     
urg5t week-day matt]s t might arise4  ,!
 tru? is1 he _h by a k9d ( unconsci\s   
in/9ct accept$ ! views ( !              
',mod]ates1'--a s*ool1 9 ! language (   
,mr4 ,dodds1 ':i* 0 nei!r true ,*ri/ian 
nor good pagan2 _h nei!r ! unction (    
,knox nor ! ye>n+ desire = tru? &       
goodness ( an ,epictetus or a ,cic]o4'  
,:5 he began 8 classes at ,/4 ,&rews1 he
 ( c\rse _h to enc\nt] _m h>d say+s &   
mu* opposition4 ,b he 0 confid5t ( 8    

integrity 9 ?us repell+ practically an  
injuri\s *>ge2 & ) no little dignity &  
=ce ma9ta9$ t he 0 b\nd to take ?is /ep 
9 ord] to uphold 8 reputation z a tea*]4
  ,& su* 0 8 simplicity & g5iality (    
mann] t he felt no emb>rassm5t 9 go+    
ab\t among ! v pr(essors & o!rs :o _h   
condemn$ him mo/4  ,aft] a few weeks1 9 
addition to 8 ?ree classes ( ma!matics1 
he ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( op5+ a class (  
*emi/ry4 ,?is creat$ a fre% /orm (      
opposition4  ,b ! class prosp]$1 x 0    
conduct$ ) ! greate/ en?usiasm1 & ! v   
fact ( s "y a man brav+ ! opposition ( !
 :ole univ]sity 9 ord] to def5d 8       
reputation gave a *ivalr\s aspect to !  
proce$+1 :i* ton$ d[n ! curr5t (        
opposition4  ,by ! end ( ! session he & 
! pr(essors 7 all on good t]ms4  ,x 0 a 
m>vell\s pro( ( 8 en]gy alike ( m9d &   
body t he 0 able to d all 8 academic "w1
 & at ! same "t write s]mons & deliv] !m
 at ,kilmany1 )\t break+ d[n1 )\t ev5 ! 
appe>ance ( exhau/ion4  ,on ! #ad? ,m>*1
 aft] five mon?s ( ?is lab\r1 he wrote  

to 8 fa!r1 ',my h&s are full ( bus9ess4 
,i am liv+ j n[ ! life ,i seem to be =m$
 =--a life ( con/ant & unremitt+        
activity4'  ,( ! :ole =ty-?ree ye>s t   
=m$ ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 ne>ly ! same ?+ 
might h be5 said4  ,! ma!matical classes
 7 n repeat$ 9 ! foll[+ session1 b !    
*emical lectures 7 resum$1 & c>ri$ on   
twice a week ) increas$ en?usiasm4  ,!  
lectures 7 subsequ5tly repeat$ at       
,kilmany & at ,cup>4 ,once1 :5 at a loss
 = means to assi/ a fri5d at ,kirkcaldy1
 :o _h be5 associat$ ) him 9 ! volunte] 
s]vice1 ! *emical lectures 7 trott$ out 
to ! rescue4 ,x 0 necess>y1 :5 he w5t to
 a t[n1 to c>ry mat]ials = exp]im5t+ )  
him1 & ,dr4 ,hanna tells h[ on "o       
occasion "o ( ! bottles t hung f 8      
saddlebag hav+ be5 brok51 ! cont5ts 7   
dis*>g$ on ! flank ( 8 horse1 :]e !y    
left a discol\r$ belt to tell ! tale4   
,( ?is accid5t ! pres5t writ] rememb]s  
to h he>d a m detail$ v]sion1 accord+ to
 :i* ! accid5t to ! bottle1 :i* conta9$ 
sulphuric acid1 0 n discov]$ till he 0 9

 ! class-room4  ,! mom5t x 0 p]ceiv$1   
,*alm]s1 9 great excitem5t1 exclaim$1   
',oh1 my poor bea/6' & ru%$ f !         
lecture-room to ! /able to d :atev] 0   
possible to relieve ! suff]+s ( !       
un=tunate animal4  ,x did n escape !    
notice ( ! ,presbyt]y t ! m9i/] (       
,kilmany 0 s mu* occupi$ ) "w outside 8 
p>i%4  ,b ! /&>d ( m9i/]ial activity 0  
l[1 & ,*alm]s _h n mu* difficulty 9     
def5d+ himself4  ,9 a v %ort "t 8 ?\ghts
 7 aga9 turn$ to ! univ]sity1 b 9 ano!r 
connection4  ,! *air ( natural          
philosophy became vacant1 & he ent]$ !  
li/s z a c&idate4  ,b z ! election 0 9 !
 h&s ( ! pr(essors1 he c\ld n h s]i\sly 
dreamt ( success4  ,nor 0 he mu* conc]n$
 = 8 failure4 ',my contempt1' he wrote1 
'= ! l[1 %uffl+ artifices ( college     
politics supports & elevates my m9d     
aga9/ ! vexation ( regret4'  ,a few     
weeks lat]1 9 ,janu>y #ahje1 !          
,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh lo/ "o ( its mo/ 
em95t pr(essors--,dr4 ,robison1 ( :om   
m5tion has already be5 made4  ,pr(essor 

,playfair obta9$ 8 *air1 leav+ t (      
ma!matics1 :i* he _h held be=e1 to be   
fill$ up4  ,*alm]s 0 aga9 9 ! field1 b  
no qualifications t he c\ld appeal to 7 
a mat* = ^? ( ! successful c&idate--,mr4
 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,john7 ,leslie4  ,9 !   
c\rse ( ! conte/ he came = ! fir/ "t    
be=e ! public z an au?or4  ,among !     
c&idates 0 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,macknight1 "o (
 ! m9i/]s ( ,ed9burgh1 9 opposition to  
:om ,pr(essor ,playfair _h writt5 to !  
patrons1 remon/rat+ aga9/ su* a         
conjunction ( (fices4  ,mr4 ,*alm]s's   
pamphlet 7:i* 0 anonym\s7 0 entitl$1    
,obs]vations on a passage 9 ,mr4        
,playfair's ,lett] to ! ,"l ,provo/ (   
,ed9burgh1 relative to ! ,ma!matical    
,pret5sions ( ! ,scotti% ,cl]gy4  ,he _h
 ceas$ to h any p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! case1
 & 8 :ole object 0 to %[ t a ,scotti%   
cl]gyman might be abundantly qualifi$ = 
! duties ( a *air 9 addition to ^? ( a  
p>i%4 ',! au?or ( ?is pamphlet1' he     
said1 'c ass]t f :at to him is ! highe/ 
( all au?ority1 ! au?ority ( 8 own      

exp]i5ce1 t aft] ! satisfactory dis*>ge 
( 8 p>i% duties1 a m9i/] may enjoy five 
days 9 ! week ( un9t]rupt$ leisure = !  
prosecution ( any sci5ce 9 :i* 8 ta/e   
may dispose him to engage4'  ,:5 !      
religi\s views ( ,mr4 ,*alm]s und]w5t ! 
great *ange :i* w be describ$ aft]w>ds1 
he 0 mu* di/ress$ = ?is publication1 &  
did 8 utmo/ to )draw x f circulation4   
,9 a discussion on pluralities 9 !      
,g5]al ,assembly "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 he   
argu$ vehem5tly aga9/ bo? ! pr9ciple &  
practice ( pluralities2 &1 be+ twitt$ ) 
hav+ at "o "t pron\nc$ 9 _! fav\r1 he   
c&idly admitt$ t he _h done s1 b x 0 9 !
 days ( 8 spiritual bl9dness4  ,! *air  
involv$ 0 a *air ( ma!matics4  ',:at1   
sir1' he ask$1 'are ! objects (         
ma!matical sci5ce8  ,magnitude & !      
relations ( magnitude4  ,b !n1 sir1 ,i  
_h =got two magnitudes3 ,i ?\ght n ( !  
littl5ess ( "t2 ,i recklessly ?\ght n ( 
! greatness ( et]nity6'  ,h[ev]         
imp]fectly he might h be5 dis*>g+ !     
duties ( 8 ,kilmany *>ge1 ,mr4 ,*alm]s 0

 exce$+ly k9d & exempl>y to ! memb]s ( 8
 own family1 "o ( :om1 8 si/] ,jane1 =  
:om ?r\gh life he _h ! w>me/ affection1 
kept h\se = him1 :ile v>i\s o!rs 7 m or 
less resid5t 9 8 manse4  ,"o bro!r1     
,george1 a fav\rite ( ! family1 sp5t "s 
mon?s at ,kilmany 9 ! autumn ( #ahjf1 9 
v t\*+ circum/ances4 ,he 0 a sailor by  
pr(ession1 & at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree      
comm&$ a m]*ant %ip1 :i* be+ attack$ by 
a ,fr5* private]1 gallantly drove (f !  
enemy2 b ! skipp]1 ly+ d[n on deck1     
exhau/$ aft] ! fight1 caught ! se$s (   
consumption1 :i* gradually prevail$     
aga9/ him4 ,8 "m1 ?ree ( 8 si/]s1 & two 
( 8 bro!rs 7 all ar\nd him at ,kilmany1 
b no mat]ial improvem5t took place4     
,return+ to ,an/ru!r1 ,george calmly    
await$ 8 com+ end1 ) a firm tru/ 9 !    
m]it ( 8 ,savi\r4  ,e ev5+ "o (         
,newton's 7( ,olney7 s]mons 0 read at 8 
b$side by "o ( ! family 9 rotation4  ,x 
0 "o ( ! books :i* 8 bro!r _h lately    
d5\nc$ f ! pulpit ( ,kilmany1 z draw+ m5
 away f ! :olesome tea*+ ( ! gospels4   

,yet to 8 dy+ bro!r x br\ght heav5ly    
com=t4  ,& evid5tly t bro!r enjoy$ a    
secret some?+ :i* he _h n4  ,c\ld he be 
wrong8  ,mu/ !re n be reality 9 !       
exp]i5ce t took away all fe> ( dea?1 &  
made ! y\? ( tw5ty-?ree s will+ to die8 
',! deep impression made by ,george's   
dea?1' says ,dr4 ,hanna1 ! *ief         
biograph] ( ,*alm]s1 '0 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds
 8 own conv]sion4'  ,less ?an two ye>s  
aft]1 8 si/] ,b>b>a1 :o 0 five ye>s old]
 ?an himself1 sick5$ & di$4  ,! same    
fell disease :i* _h cut (f ,george prov$
 fatal to h]4  ,b h] fa!r c\ld write (  
h] t %e %[$ a *e]ful submission to ! w (
 ,god1 & a humble confid5ce 9 !         
satisfaction ( h] great ,r$eem]4 ,"h 0  
ano!r case ( "o v ne> & de> to him d]iv+
 all h] support & com=t 9 ! h\r ( dea? f
 a s\rce :i* he _h be5 accu/om$ to      
associate ) sup]/ition & fanaticism4    
,aga9 ! "q c\ld n b =ce itself ^u him1  
,mu/ !re n be some?+ real 9 x1 aft] all8
  ,z to ! ord9>y managem5t ( 8 h\sehold1
 be+ "u ! control ( 8 si/]1 x proce$$ 9 

! ord9>y fa%ion )\t mu* int]f]5ce f him4
  ,he 0 easy1 & easily pleas$1 b he 0 n 
an abs5t-m9d$ dream]4  ,at an e>ly p]iod
 8 *emical /udies _h l$ him to believe t
 ! "t w\ld come :5 coal-vap\r w\ld be   
purifi$ & us$ = illum9at+ h\ses2 & :5 he
 got a new manse1 he _h pipes laid 9 x1 
9 anticipation ( ?is dome/ic use4  ,:5  
c(fee 0 introduc$ z a bev]age1 he       
believ$ t 9 burnt rye he _h f\nd a rival
 to x1 & us$ to h x produc$ = 8 fri5ds4 
,once :5 x 0 propos$ to subject ! two   
sub/ances to a sort ( competitive trial1
 & a select company assembl$ to pass a  
v]dict ^u !m1 a cup ( g5u9e ,mo*a 0 fir/
 h&$ r\nd & mu* approv$ (2 !n a second  
cup 0 pres5t$1 & be+ ta/$ 0 pron\nc$ to 
be mu* inf]ior2 :]eupon ,mr4 ,*alm]s    
bur/ into laught] & exclaim$1 ',x's y\r 
own ,mo*a c(fee1 ! second cup is j !    
same article z ! fir/6'  ,at ano!r "t1  
:5 "s fri5ds 7 to be at d9n]1 x turn$   
out t ! :ole res\rces ( ! l>d] c\ld     
produce no?+ b two k9ds ( dri$ fi%4     
,no?+ daunt$1 ,mr4 ,*alm]s _h bo? ( !m  

prop]ly s]v$2 & ! cov]s be+ remov$1     
call$ on 8 gue/s to make _! *oice4      
',?is1 g5tlem51 is salt fi% f ,/4       
,&rews2 & t is salt fi% f ,dundee4'  ,( 
c\rse he _h to be (t5 on horseback2 b z 
a horseman he did n excel4  ',:at mo/   
provok$ him 0 ! frequ5cy ) :i* 8 horse  
?rew him4  ,at fir/ he 0 mu* int]e/$ 9  
not+ ! int]vals betwe5 ea* fall4 ,tak+ !
 av]age l5g?1 & calculat+ h[ f> a doz5  
falls w\ld c>ry him1 he resolv$ to keep 
! horse till ! twelf? fall 0 accompli%$4
  ,extremely fond ( su* num]ical        
adju/m5ts 7a s+ul> result ( ! ma!matical
 /ructure ( 8 m9d71 he 0 mo/ fai?ful 9  
c\nt+ !m4  ,9 ?is in/ance1 h[ev]1 ! t5? 
fall 0 s bad t 8 resolution gave way1 & 
he told 8 s]vant to take ! horse to !   
next m>ket & sell him =?)4  ',b         
rememb]1' he said1 'y mu/ conceal none (
 its faults2 y mu/ tell t x has ?r[n its
 ma/] t5 times4'  ',b :o1' ask$ ! man1  
'w ?9k ( buy+ ! horse if ,i tell him all
 t be=eh&8'  ',i _c help t1' said ,mr4  
,*alm]s2 ',i w h no deception practis$1 

& if nobody w buy ! horse1 y mu/ j br+  
him back aga94'  ,nobody did buy !      
horse2 ultimately 9 return = a book he 0
 transf]r$ to 8 neighb\r1 ,mr4 ,?omson (
 ,balm]9o1 :om ! animal s]v$ quietly &  
fai?fully = _m a ye>1 )\t %[+ any vici\s
 t5d5cy2 :5ce x came to be surmis$ 't ! 
peculi>ities ( ! case 7 n 9 ! animal b !
 re/less & en]getic horseman%ip ( !     
rid]6'  ,8 patriotism 0 int5se1 & n only
 did he fulm9ate aga9/ ,bonap>te 9 !    
pulpit1 b he jo9$ ! volunte]s1 & held   
commissions bo? z *apla9 & lieut5ant4   
,! e>ly ye>s at ,kilmany pass$ ) little 
*ange except a visit to ,engl& 9 !      
beg9n+ ( #ahjg4  ,^! ,engli% visits1 r>e
 9 ^? days1 enl>g$ 8 horizon1 & %[$ him 
mu* t he did n f9d at home4  ,at        
,liv]pool he prea*$ = a ,mr4            
,kilpatrick1 & we may ga!r ! "* ( 8     
ord9>y pulpit lessons f 8 two           
subjects--9 ! =5oon on ! com=ts (       
religion2 9 ! aft]noon on drunk5ness4   
,8 impression ( ,wood/ock %[$ t int5se  
admiration ( nature :i* rema9$ to ! la/3

 ',i sp5t two h\rs 9 ! g>d54 ,nev] spot 
m lovely--nev] sc5es s fair & captivat+4
  ,i lo/ myself 9 an elysium ( delight1 
& wept ) p]fect rapture4'  ,at ,ox=d !re
 0 k9dl$ a rev]5ce = ,engli% academical 
life & le>n+ :i* nev] left him4  ',i 0  
delight$ ) ! academic air & co/ume ( !  
place2 & amid ! grossness ( a m]cantile 
age1 x is ! delight ( my _s to recur to 
! quiet sc5es ( philosophy1 &           
contemplate :at our ance/ors h done =   
le>n+1 & ! respect t !y once paid to x4'
  ,?ree weeks 7 sp5t among ! sights (   
,london4 ,he _h a lively int]e/ 9 all he
 saw1 especially 9 all t conc]n$ sci5ce 
& ! me*anical arts4  ,among 8 old fri5ds
 & neighb\rs 7 two sons ( ,fife%ire     
manses1 ris+ to t high di/9ction :i* he 
covet$ 9 8 own dep>tm5t1--,john         
,campbell1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,campbell1 &    
,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,david7 ,wilkie4    
,he 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 all he saw (    
royalty3 ,w9dsor1 ) all its glories2 !  
*apel-royal !re1 :]e ! ,k+ & ,que5 &    
,pr9cess ,elizabe? seem$ s simple1      

frank1 & dev\t2 & he not$ especially a  
view he _h ( ^! royal p]sonages at ,/4  
,james's1 :5 h] maje/y return$ 8        
salutation ) a 'condesc5d+ notice4'  ,n 
9 ! vulg> s5se1 b z useful & ornam5tal  
elem5ts 9 ! social fabric1 he _h a high 
reg>d = royalty & ! nobility4  ',i am   
*>m$ ) ! cordial & affectionate loyalty 
( ! p4  ,i saw a gl[ ( rev]5ce &        
satisfaction on e c\nt5ance1 & my he>t  
w>m$ )9 me4' ,%]idan 0 ! great orator ( 
! day1 & (t5] ?an once he he>d him      
speak4  ,he us$ to give two in/ances (  
,%]idan's read9ess ( rep>tee :5 /&+ !   
fire ( ! hu/+s at ,we/m9/]4 ,"o elector 
compla9$ t he 0 n satisfi$ ) 8 treatm5t 
( ! ,c>natic4  ',my de> sir1' he said1 )
 a significant b[1 '! affairs ( !       
,c>natic are 9 mu* abl] h&s4'  ,ano!r   
elector1 ) a v ugly face1 rais$ on !    
%\ld] ( ! mob1 said1 ',if y d n alt] y\r
 ways1 ,i w )draw my c\nt5ance f y4'    
',i am delight$ to he> x1' said ,%]idan1
 '= x is ! uglie/ c\nt5ance ,i ev]      
beheld4'  ,cambridge attract$ him ev5 m 

?an ,ox=d3 ',x smells ( le>n+ all ov]1 &
 ,i brea! a fragrancy mo/ cong5ial to   
me4'  ,z if he _h =ese5 ,girton &       
,newnham1 he said1 ',! v wom5 h an air (
 academic mildness & simplicity4'  ,he  
pref]r$ x to ,ox=d1 app>5tly because its
 objects ( int]e/ 7 n s conc5trat$1 b   
really1 9 all probability1 because x 0 !
 great sanctu>y ( ma!matical /udy4  ',9 
,cambridge1 ev]y?+ we>s a simplicity &  
*a/5ess alli$ to ! "* ( philosophy1 & ! 
v5]able "n ( ,newton gives x an int]e/ t
 c nev] die4'  ,! glories ( ,york ,m9/] 
entranc$ him4  ,:]ev] he w5t he made    
c>eful obs]vation alike ( all t 0       
beautiful & all t 0 in/ructive4  ,he    
return$ to ,kilmany 9 ,july 7#ahjg71    
aft] an abs5ce ( ne>ly ?ree mon?s4      
,imm$iately aft] 8 return1 ,mr4 ,*alm]s 
set himself to prep>e = ! press a "w (  
consid]able size & rese>*1 entitl$ an   
,inquiry into ! ,ext5t & ,/ability (    
,national ,res\rces4  ,political economy
 _h always attract$ him4  ,at ! "t ( ?is
 publication1 mu* fe> 0 express$ t !    

cont9u$ w> ) ,bonap>te1 imply+ ! %utt+  
aga9/ ,brita9 ( all ! ports ( ! c\ntries
 to :i* 8 influ5ce ext5d$1 & !          
confiscation ( all c>goes ( ,briti%     
goods1 w\ld exhau/ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry
 & ru9 its =eign trad]s4 ,mr4 ,*alm]s   
held /rongly an opposite op9ion4  ,:e!r 
he succe$$ 9 prov+ 8 cont5tion may be a 
"q2 c]ta9ly 8 position 0 p>adoxical4  ,b
 8 sagacity1 z ! result has prov$1 came 
out 9 m ?an "o indirect =m4  ,) ref]5ce 
to ! income-tax1 he cont5d$ /rongly t x 
ought n to be *>g$ on ! :ole ( a man's  
income1 b only on ! "p t rema9$ aft]    
provid+ = ! necess>ies ( life4  ,x 0    
only a few ye>s ago t effect 0 giv5 to  
?is view 9 ! case ( small incomes4      
,ano!r matt] = :i* he cont5d$ /rongly 0 
our obligation to provide a bett] liv+ =
 our soldi]s4  ,he d5\nc$ ! compulsory  
sy/em ( enli/m5t--x ought to be a       
volunt>y s]vice4  ,& x ought to be a    
s]vice ( limit$ duration2 ! nation _h no
 "r to make an exception aga9/ soldi]s &
 sailors :5 all o!r s]vants 7 engag$ = a

 limit$ numb] ( mon?s or ye>s4  ',let x 
no long] be a slav]y = life1 & let !    
burn+ ignom9y ( corporal puni%m5t be    
done away4'  ,x 0 _m ye>s be=e ^!       
sugge/ions 7 act$ on2 ,*alm]s liv$ to   
see 8 proposal ( limit$ enli/m5t c>ri$  
out1 :5 a fri5d ( 8 own 7,"l ,panmure1  
aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,dalh\sie7 0 ,secret>y  
at ,w>4  ,9 ?is & 9 lat] writ+s on      
political economy x has be5 well rem>k$ 
t 'he b5t ! :ole en]gies ( 8 ?\ght1 n s 
mu* on its ab/rus] !ories1 z on ^?      
practical & vital problems :i* t5d to   
meet ! difficulties & ameliorate !      
condition ( ! work+ classes4'  ',he 0 ! 
fir/ political economi/1' says ,mr4     
,dodds1 ':o seiz$ ) a =e?\ght &         
philan?ropy equally be=e 8 "t ^u !      
condition-(-!-p "q1 z ! p>am\nt1 ! com+ 
"q ( ! age4'  ,8 op9ion z to ! dynamic  
by :i* ! desir$ *ange 0 to come und]w5t 
a great *ange :5 8 religi\s views *ang$2
 at ! pres5t /age he hop$ t ! =ces (    
reason w\ld gradually effect ! desir$   
improvem5t2 aft]w>ds he saw t ^! =ces   

w\ld be ( little avail )\t ! p[] ( !    
,gospel4  ,b a m important publication  
_h n[ come into 8 horizon4  ,"o ( 8     
fri5ds1 ,dr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,david7     
,brew/]1 0 at ?is "t engag$ 9 edit+ a   
volum9\s "w1 ! ,ed9burgh ,encyclopa$ia4 
,*alm]s 0 engag$ to contribute sev]al   
articles1 *iefly on ma!matical subjects4
  ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 si/] ,b>b>a 79 #ahjh7
 he wrote to ! editor reque/+ t !       
article on ',*ri/ianity' %\ld be assign$
 to him4  ,probably he felt1 aft] :at he
 _h se5 at ! two dea?b$s 9 8 family1 t  
he ne$$ to make ?is great subject a     
matt] ( m c>eful /udy4  ,8 own belief 9 
! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity _h be5      
firmly e/abli%$ long be=e--! hi/orical  
evid5ce1 z pres5t$ by ,paley1 & !       
analogical confirmation ( x by ,butl]   
appe>+ to him irresi/ible4  ,z x turn$  
out1 8 article 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia bore   
ma9ly on ! evid5ces2 & ! hi/orical      
evid5ce receiv$ by f> ! mo/ prom95t     
place4  ,inde$1 he 0 dispos$ to lay     
little /ress on :at 0 kn[n z ! int]nal  

evid5ce4 ,?is arose out ( ! fe> he      
ent]ta9$ le/ m5 w\ld sub/itute _! own   
impressions ( ,*ri/ianity = ! cle>1     
au?oritative decl>ations ( ,god4  ,s9ce 
,god _h utt]$ ,8 voice1 ! sole & simple 
duty ( m5 0 to asc]ta9 :at ,he _h spok51
 & give x _! pr(\nd & absolute          
acceptance4  ,if !y began to discuss !  
quality ( ,8 message1 ev5 ?\gh its      
supreme excell5ce %\ld be ! po9t insi/$ 
on1 !y w\ld be br++ _! own judgm5t into 
! case1 & t might prove a v dang]\s     
elem5t4  ,x ne$s h>dly to be po9t$ out t
 9 ?is position ,*alm]s plac$ himself 9 
antagonism to ! curr5t view ( ! fri5ds (
 ,*ri/ianity4  ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! int]nal
 evid5ce is t :i* c>ries conviction to !
 great mass ( believ]s4  ,at ! pres5t   
day1 ! "* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ /&s f> ! highe/
 & mo/ impressive ( all ! evid5ces4     
,*alm]s 0 influ5c$1 by a m5tal t5d5cy   
:i* clung to him m or less all 8 life1  
to dwell on "o side ( a tru?1 :i*1 to be
 fully set =?1 ne$$ to be view$ 9 a     
v>iety ( lights4 ,b aft] a "t he came to

 see t ! int]nal evid5ce des]v$ a high] 
place ?an he _h assign$ to x4 ,:5 8     
article 0 exp&$ into 8 treatise on !    
,evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! int]nal bran*
 0 duly ackn[l$g$4  ,b be=e ! article 0 
f9i%$1 ,*alm]s1 :o 0 !n 9 8 ?irtie? ye>1
 pass$ ?r\gh ! ordeal ( a v sev]e       
illness1 :i* conf9$ him to 8 room = f\r 
mon?s1 prev5t$ him f ent]+ 8 pulpit =   
six mon?s1 & affect$ him m or less = a  
:ole ye>4 ,he believ$ t he 0 ab\t to    
die4  ,! :ole subject ( religion assum$ 
a new aspect ( importance 9 8 eyes4 ,he 
came to see t he _h be5 liv+ )\t ,god1 &
 ! discov]y appall$ him4 ,! w ( ,god n[ 
became an imp]ative rule to him1 & e    
en]gy 0 b5t t[>ds br++ 8 own he>t & life
 into con=mity to x4 ,9 su* a man z     
,pascal ! sublime transition _h be5 made
 f ! highe/ walks ( ma!matical sci5ce to
 ! /ill high] walk ( fai?4 ,might n he  
be able to realise :at ,pascal _h       
a*iev$8  ,= a :ole ye> ,*alm]s lab\r$ to
 effect ?is *ange4  ,8 fri5ds c\ld n    
fail to m>k ! diff]5ce4  ,brief b solemn

 allusions su* z !y _h nev] he>d be=e   
w\ld drop f 8 lips4  ,b 9 _m respects he
 0 /ill ! same4  ',!re 7 ! same cordial 
greet+s1 ! same k9dly que/ion+s ab\t    
!mselves & all _! fri5ds1 & ! same he>ty
 laugh at ! racy anecdote or /roke (    
quiet hum\r2 =1 great z 0 ! *ange       
effect$1 nei!r at ! fir/ nor ev]        
aft]w>ds did x damp or n>r[ t g5ial &   
mo/ social _s :i* c>ri$ him into v>i$   
int]c\rse ) all classes ( 8 fell[-m51 & 
made ! joy ( t int]c\rse to be a v      
cordial to 8 he>t4'  ,b1 deeply         
solemnis$ ?\gh he 01 he _h n atta9$ !   
peace t passe? und]/&+1 nor _h he le>n$ 
! preci\s act ( free & lov+ fell[%ip ) 8
 ,fa!r 9 heav54  ,dur+ all ?is "t he 0  
ev] keep+ a mo/ vigilant eye on 8 habits
 & life1 & 9 a di>y n[ begun we f9d him 
pull+ himself up = e little fault1 e    
loss ( temp]1 e bitt] ^w1 e conceit$    
feel+4  ,& he is con/antly pray+ =      
=giv5ess & = /r5g?4  ,he is mak+        
progress 9 !ological k1 f9d+1 = example1
 a f> high] place 9 8 reg>d = ! atonem5t

 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,a v /rong m>k ( 8    
e>ne/ness is se5 9 8 det]m9ation f9ally 
to give up 8 ma!matical read+1 & devote 
himself to !ology4  ,8 views came to a  
po9t aft] ! read+ ( a book !n 9         
vogue--,wilb]=ce's ,practical ,view4    
,fifte5 ye>s aft]1 he describ$ ! effect 
:i* t book _h ^u him 9 a lett] to a     
y\ng] bro!r4  ',:5 ,i meet ) an inquir]1
 :o1 "u ! impulse ( a new feel+1 has set
 himself 9 good e>ne/ to ! bus9ess ( 8  
et]nity1 ,i h be5 v mu* 9 ! habit (     
recomm5d+ ,wilb]=ce4  ,?is p]haps is ow+
 to ! circum/ance t ,i myself exp]i5c$ a
 v great transition ( s5tim5t 9         
consequ5ce ( read+ 8 "w4  ,! deep views 
he gives ( ! depravity ( our nature1 (  
our ne$ ( an atonem5t1 ( ! great doctr9e
 ( acceptance ?r\gh t atonem5t1 ( !     
sanctify+ influ5ces ( ! ,_s--^! all give
 a new aspect to a man's religion4444   
,b !re are o!r books :i* might be z     
effectually in/rum5tal 9 work+ ! desir$ 
*ange2 & 9 defect ( !m all !re is !     
,bible1 ^: doctr9es ,i well rememb] ,i  

!n saw 9 an altoge!r new light1 & c\ld  
feel a p[] & a preci\sness 9 passages   
:i* ,i =m]ly read ) he$lessness1 & ev5 )
 disgu/4'  ,we _c dwell at m l5g? on ?is
 mo/ int]e/+ /ruggle2 en\gh to say t he 
em]g$ f x into ! joy & peace ( believ+2 
he laid hold ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z 8 only    
,savi\r2 ent]$ into consci\s            
reconciliation ) ,god2 look$ habitually 
to ! ,holy ,_s = all sanctify+ grace2 & 
c\nt$ x 8 highe/ hon\r & delight to be a
 fell[-work] ) ,god1 especially 9 all t 
conc]n$ ! welf>e ( 8 fell[-m54  ,yet x 0
 always obs]v$ ( him t :ile cordially   
agree+ ) evangelical div9es 9 ! great   
ess5tials ( ! fai?1 he w\ld accept ( no 
position :i* did n comm5d itself to 8   
own m9d z accord+ to ,scripture4  ,= a  
class ( m5 :o insi/$ on v m9ute         
or?odoxies1 & ev5 que/ion$ 8 own        
s\ndness because he might n agree ) !m1 
he us$ to speak ) little pati5ce & less 
respect4  ,! *ange became v app>5t 9 8  
m9i/]ial "w4 ,he ?rew new ard\r into !  
visitation ( 8 flock & ! in/ruction ( ! 

"y4  ,8 prea*+ pass$ into ^? evangelical
 l9es :i* =m]ly he _h treat$ ) contempt4
  ,family wor%ip1 morn+ & ev5+1 0       
regul>ly conduct$ 9 ! manse1 al?\gh     
sometimes x 0 a great trial to introduce
 t mu* contemn$ practice :5 a gue/ 0    
pres5t :o _h little sympa?y ) !         
evangelical life4  ,a ,bible ,society 0 
e/abli%$ 9 ! p>i%1 & all ! p 7 exhort$  
to jo9 x4 ,/rang]s flock$ to 8 *ur*1 n  
m]ely z ( old to enjoy 8 eloqu5t &      
impassion$ deliv]y1 b = guidance & aid 9
 ! s]vice ( ,god4  ,conv]ts to liv+     
,*ri/ianity gladd5$ 8 he>t & aid$ him 9 
8 "w4  ',s&y ,pat]son1' 8 fir/ conv]t1  
became a great & e>ne/ work] among 8    
neighb\rs1 & aft]w>ds1 z a city         
mission>y1 9 ! ,canongate ( ,ed9burgh1  
successfully lab\r$ 9 ! slums4  ,) a "y 
g5tleman 9 ,dundee1 ,mr4 ,james ,&]son1 
,*alm]s =m$ a rem>kable fri5d%ip on !   
basis ( _! mutual int]e/ 9 religion1 & 9
 8 great humility correspond$ ) him m l 
a fell[-/ud5t or bro!r ?an a spiritual  
fa!r4  ,& ,*alm]s himself became an     

e>ne/ & labori\s /ud5t ( ! ,bible2 &1 9 
ord] to keep up ! gl[ ( 8 spiritual     
life1 in/itut$ = himself a mon?ly       
ex]cise1 9 :i* he review$ be=e ,god ! "w
 ( ! mon?1 & ) mu* confession &         
?anksgiv+1 implor$ ! bless+ ( ,god on   
all 8 "w & on all 8 p4  ,no man 0 m     
s5sible ?an himself ( ! great diff]5ce  
betwe5 8 e>li] & lat] m9i/ry4  ,he told 
8 p t e>ne/ ?\gh he _h be5 at fir/ 9    
press+ hon\r1 tru?1 & integrity ^u !m1  
he nev] once he>d ( any result+         
re=mation2 all 8 vehem5ce _h n ! weight 
( a fea!r on _! moral habits4  ,x 0 only
 aft] he became acqua9t$ ) ! true way ( 
approa* to ,god1 & ! real f\nta9 ( div9e
 /r5g? 9 ,*ri/1 t ^? m9or re=mations %[$
 !mselves z ! result ( t deep] & m vital
 process by :i* ! he>t 0 *ang$4  ,x 0 8 
delight to he> ma/]s te/ify+ to !       
scrupul\s hone/y & consci5ti\s fidelity 
( _! s]vants1 aft] !y _h come "u ! p[] (
 ! ,gospel4  ,he pray$ t su* s]vants1   
:ile ?us adorn+ ! doctr9e ( ,god _!     
,savi\r1 humble ?\gh !y 71 might reclaim

 ! great ones ( ! l& to ! ackn[l$gm5t ( 
! fai?4  ,?\gh n mu* addict$ to *ur*    
c\rts1 ,*alm]s1 dur+ 8 ,kilmany m9i/ry1 
made a few memorable appe>ances 9 !m4   
,8 maid5 spee* 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly 0   
deliv]$ 9 #ahji4  ,! subject 0 n an     
inspir+ "o2 x relat$ to a rec5t act ( ! 
legislature on ! augm5tation ( /ip5ds4  
,b 8 spee* 0 a mo/ logical & brilliant  
p]=mance4  ,! h\se 0 tak5 by /orm4  ',:o
 is he8' 0 ! "q on e lip2 'he mu/ be a  
mo/ extraord9>y p]son4' ,lat]1 9 #ahad1 
he spoke on a k9dr$ subject--! repairs &
 alt]ations ( manses4  ,a bett] *ance = 
8 p[]s occurr$ 9 ! ,assembly ( t ye> 9  
connection ) a plurality case1 :]e !    
'wond]ful display ( 8 tal5ts' contribut$
 mu* to ! pass+ ( an enactm5t t no      
pr(essor%ip 9 a univ]sity %\ld be held 9
 connection ) a c\ntry *>ge4  ,dur+ !   
latt] "p ( 8 ,kilmany m9i/ry he became a
 contributor to ! ,ed9burgh ,*ri/ian    
,in/ructor1 "u ! di/+ui%$ editor%ip (   
,dr4 ,&rew ,?omson4 ,"o ( 8 pap]s dealt 
) ! new-born sci5ce ( geology1 & greatly

 soo!d ! anxieties ( _m good m51 by     
po9t+ out t ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis does 
n fix ! antiquity ( ! globe1 b only t ( 
! human race4 ,to ! ,eclectic ,review he
 contribut$ an able pap] on ,moravian   
missions1 9 opposition to an ignorant & 
sc&al\s mis/atem5t on t subject t _h    
appe>$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review4  ,an      
eloqu5t pamphlet1 likewise 9 refutation 
( injuri\s /atem5ts1 v9dicat$ ,bible    
,societies f ! *>ge ( hurt+ ! poor4  ,x 
0 at ?is "t1 & 9 connection ) ?is def5ce
 ( ,bible ,societies1 t he fir/ publi%$ 
^? views ( paup]ism :i* he ma9ta9$ s    
con/antly all 8 life4  ,at ,kilmany !re 
0 no assessm5t = ! poor1 & v little     
paup]ism4  ,x seem$ to him f> bett] to  
fo/] a _s ( indep5d5ce1 ?rift1 & indu/ry
 on ! "p ( ! poor1 & a _s ( bro!rly     
consid]ation on ! "p ( ! ri*1 ?an to    
conf] a legal claim on ! "o1 & impose a 
legal obligation on ! o!r4 ',:at1 aft]  
all1' asks ! au?or ( ! pamphlet on      
,bible ,societies1 'is ! be/ me?od (    
provid+ = ! secul> necessities ( ! poor8

 ,is x by lab\r+ to meet ! necessity    
aft] x has occurr$1 or by lab\r+ to     
e/abli% a pr9ciple & a habit :i* w\ld g 
f> to prev5t its exi/5ce8 444 ,if y wi% 
to ext+ui% pov]ty1 combat ) x 9 its fir/
 elem5ts4444 ,! education & religi\s    
pr9ciple ( ,scotl& h n annihilat$       
paup]ism1 b !y h re/ra9$ x to a degree t
 is almo/ incr$ible to our neighb\rs ( !
 s\?4 ,! writ] ( ?is pap] kn[s ( a p>i% 
9 ,fife1 ! av]age ma9t5ance ( ^: poor is
 defray$ by ,l#bd /]l+ a ye>1 & ( a p>i%
 ( ! same population 9 ,som]set%ire :]e 
! annual assessm5t am\nts to ,l#acjj    
/]l+4'  ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ feature 9 !    
pa/oral developm5t ( ,*alm]s dur+ !     
latt] "p ( 8 ,kilmany m9i/ry 0 ! new    
direction giv5 to 8 p[] z a pulpit      
orator4  ,we h se5 t1 f ! beg9n+1 8 m   
c>eful disc\rses 7 m>k$ by great =ce (  
argum5t & beauty ( expression1 & t !re 0
 su* a f]v\r 9 8 mann] ( deliv]y z      
approa*$ to wild unc\?ness4  ,c]ta9 x is
 t f fir/ to la/ 8 pronunciation 0 v    
broad & 8 acc5t int5sely prov9cial4  ,b 

:5 he /ruck into a ve9 ( ?\ght t 0 full 
( int]e/ to 8 own m9d & s\l1 he 0       
wond]fully arre/ive & impressive4  ,9 8 
e>li] ye>s he evid5tly took b little    
tr\ble ) 8 ord9>y disc\rses2 writ+      
%or?&1 he c\ld easily ?r[ (f a s]mon 9  
two or ?ree h\rs4  ,yet ev5 !n he 0 at  
times s+ul>ly felicit\s2 &1 = %e]       
eloqu5ce1 no s]mon he ev] prea*$ 0 m    
rem>kable ?an "o deliv]$ on occasion ( !
 national fa/1 on #h? ,febru>y #ahji1   
:51 aft] a five-mile plodd+ on foot     
?r\gh a heavy fall ( sn[1 he conv5$ !   
h&ful ( p :o _h rea*$ ! *ur* 9 a room 9 
! damp1 un9habit$ manse4  ,aft] 8 *ange 
( views1 8 prep>ation = ! pulpit receiv$
 mu* m att5tion1 & a di/9ction ( longh& 
& %or?& s]mons indicat$ t on "s he be/[$
 peculi> pa9s4  ,! late ,&rew ,full]1   
attract$ by 8 fame1 hav+ paid him a     
visit1 tri$ to p]suade him to give up   
read+ 8 s]mons1 believ+ t a m free      
deliv]y w\ld add inf9itely to !         
impression4  ,*alm]s made v>i\s attempts
 to c>ry out ! extemporane\s me?od1 b1  

in/ead ( 8 acquir+ m fre$om1 ! effect 0 
! rev]se4  ,at la/ he gave up all       
attempts at ! extemporane\s1 bo? 9 8    
s]mons & spee*es1 except 9 ! way (      
p>5!tical rem>ks design$ to elucidate "s
 po9t t _h n be5 made suffici5tly cle>4 
,b we mu/ n close ! record ( 8 ,kilmany 
life )\t adv]t+ to an important dome/ic 
ev5t :i* took place ab\t two ye>s be=e  
he left ! place4  ,till ne> t "t he _h1 
l ,dr4 ,liv+/one 9 ,africa at a lat]    
p]iod1 det]m9$ to lead ! life ( a       
ba*elor4  ,a rec5t disappo9tm5t 9       
connection ) an application =           
augm5tation ( /ip5d1 confirm$ him 9 t   
resolve4 ,b nei!r ,*alm]s nor ,liv+/one 
_h tak5 into reckon+ a my/]i\s influ5ce 
:i* c make sport ( ! firme/ resolutions1
 & pro/rate /rong m5 at ! feet ( ,hym54 
,*alm]s _h fall5 9 love ) ,miss ,grace  
,pratt1 daught] ( ,capta9 ,pratt ( !    
,fir/ ,royal ,vet]an ,battalion1 :o _h  
be5 liv+ = "s "t ) h] uncle1 ,mr4       
,simson1 at ,/>bank1 9 ! p>i% (         
,kilmany4 ,! m>riage took place on #d?  

,augu/ #ahab1 & ! union la/$ =          
?irty-five ye>s ( unbrok5 dome/ic       
happ9ess4 ,8 si/] ,jane1 8 h\sekeep]1 _h
 be5 m>ri$ %ortly be=e to ,mr4 ,morton1 
a g5tleman 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 & 9          
communicat+ to h] :at 0 probably a v    
unexpect$ piece ( intellig5ce1 he veil$ 
! news "u an allegorical =m :i* x may h 
tak5 h] a little tr\ble to elucidate4   
,ref]r+ to a rec5t b some:at            
unsuccessful process ( 8 be=e ! ,c\rt ( 
,ti5ds = augm5tation ( /ip5d1 he said he
 _h be5 involv$ 9 ano!r process be=e    
ano!r c\rt4  ,he _h be5 defeat$ 9 ! "o1 
b he 0 glad to say he _h be5 triumphant 
9 ! o!r4  ,9 ! latt] case he _h _h to d 
! :ole bus9ess himself4  ,he _h _h to   
frame ! summons & to conduct ! plead+s4 
,!re _h be5 replies & duplies1 & _m a   
p]sonal appe>ance at c\rt be=e ! process
 0 settl$4  ,at la/ a decision _h be5   
giv5 9 8 fav\r4  ,b ! law requir$ !     
decision to be foll[$ by a              
proclamation--n a s+le proclamation at !
 cross1 b two proclamations1 t _h to be 

made )9 a qu>t] ( a mile ( 8 own h\se4  
,! lett] conclud$3 ',i k51 ,jane1 y     
always ?\ght me an ill-pratt$           
7mis*iev\s7 *iel2 b1 ,i c issure y1 (   
all ! pratts ,i ev] play$1 none 0 ev]   
c>ri$ on1 or ev5 end$ m grace-fully4'   
,& ,mrs4 ,morton congratulat$ him on 8  
victory4  ,8 fame z a pulpit orator _h  
n[ travell$ f ,maid5kirk to ,john o'    
,groats1 & x c\ld n be expect$ t he %\ld
 be left 9 a seclud$ c\ntry p>i%4  ,9   
,glasg[1 ! ,tron p>i% *ur* _h become    
vacant1 & ,*alm]s 0 sugge/$ z successor 
to ,dr4 ,macgill4 ,x 0 easy = !         
anti-evangelical p>ty to ridicule ! idea
 ( br++ a madman to su* a place2 b a    
deputation f ! ,t[n ,c\ncil1 :o 7       
patrons ( ! *ur*1 w5t to he> him prea*4 
,on ! ,sunday 9 "q he prea*$1 at        
,b5do*y1 a fun]al s]mon on ,mr4 ,honey1 
a "y m9i/] ^: fatal illness _h be5      
br\ght on by 8 ex]tions 9 sav+ f        
%ipwreck sev5 exhau/$ sailors1 :om1 "o  
by "o1 he bore f _! /r&$ vessel to !    
%ore4  ,! impression ( t s]mon 0        

ov]p[]+4  ,9 spite ( ! opposition ( !   
,duke ( ,montrose1 ,sir ,islay          
,campbell1 ! ,"l ,provo/1 & ! ,college1 
,*alm]s receiv$ f ! ,t[n ,c\ncil a      
pres5tation to ! ,tron1 &1 aft]         
consid]able hesitation1 accept$ x4  ,x 0
 a great wr5* to te> himself f ,kilmany1
 :i* he lov$ & admir$ s greatly1 & f ! p
 t 7 de> to him z 8 own *ildr54  ,all 8 
life1 ,fife1 & especially ,kilmany1     
cont9u$ ?us de>4  ,on 8 way to ,glasg[  
he _h occasion to climb ! ,calton ,hill 
9 ,ed9burgh1 & ! sight ( ,norman ,law1  
:i* 0 visible f ! w9d[s ( ! manse (     
,kilmany1 q ov]came him4 ',oh6 ) :at    
vivid remembrance c ,i w&] 9 ?\ght ov]  
all its f>ms & all its families1 & dwell
 on ! k9d & simple affection ( its p1   
till ! contemplation becomes too bitt] =
 my endurance4'  ,x 0 no less a trial to
 leave ! "w :i* 0 n[ advanc+ s hopefully
 9 ! p>i%4  ,b he c\ld n be ins5sible to
 ! claims ( su* a city z ,glasg[1 & !   
b\ndless field = usefulness x af=d$4  ,&
 s1 9 great humility1 & 9 great fe> le/ 

he %\ld be giv+ an undue pref]5ce to    
intellect & culture ov] pov]ty &        
obscurity1 he accept$ ! call4  ,he      
prea*$ a mo/ impressive f>ewell s]mon on
 #i? ,july #ahae1 :i* conclud$ ) ^!     
words3 ',be assur$1 my bre?r51 t aft] ! 
de> & ! mu*-lov$ sc5]y ( ?is peaceful   
vale has disappe>$ f my eye1 ! p :o live
 9 x %all reta9 a w>m & an ev]-endur+   
place 9 my memory2 & ?is mortal body mu/
 be /ret*$ on ! b$ ( dea? ere ! he>t t  
n[ animates x c resign its ex]cise (    
long+ aft] y1 & pray+ = y t y may s     
receive ,*ri/ ,jesus1 & s walk 9 ,him1 &
 s hold fa/ ! ?+s y h gott51 & s prove t
 ! lab\r ,i h _h among y has n be5 9    
va91 t :5 ! s\nd ( ! la/ trumpet awak5s 
u1 ^! eyes :i* are n[ ba!d 9 te>s may   
op5 ^u a sc5e ( et]nal bless$ness1 & we1
 my bre?r51 :om ! provid5ce ( ,god has  
)drawn = a little "t f ea* o!r1 may on t
 day be f\nd side by side at ! "r h& ( !
 ev]la/+ ?rone4'   ,:5 we comp>e ,*alm]s
 z he came to ,kilmany & z he left x1 we
 f9d mu* t rema9s ! same1 & mu* t has   

be5 *ang$ or modifi$4  ,rema9+ ! same1  
we f9d 8 s+ul>ly en]getic1 =ceful       
nature2 8 high integrity & k9dl9ess (   
he>t1 z x con/antly /ream$ out t[>ds 8  
family1 8 fri5ds1 & 8 flock2 8 eag]     
desire = ! welf>e ( 8 p1 = _! advancem5t
 & elevation 9 all t he c\nt$ good1     
pure1 & noble2 8 indomitable en]gy (    
purpose & fe>less cont5d+ = "r & tru?2 8
 passionate int5sity ( conviction1 roll+
 itself out 9 :irlw9ds & tempe/s (      
eloqu5ce1 t swept all be=e x4  ,! great 
*ange :i* he has und]gone has n de/roy$ 
^! fundam5tal elem5ts ( "*4  ,nev]!less1
 all ?+s h become new4  ,he has le>n$ t 
true life1 9 its e dep>tm5t1 mu/ be liv$
 9 fell[%ip ) ,god4  ,he has le>n$ ! way
 to ,god1 to ,god reconcil$1 a lov+     
,fa!r1 a consid]ate ,ma/]1 a graci\s    
,fri5d & ,guide4  ,he has se5 ! reality 
( ,*ri/'s atonem5t1 & ( ! "w ( ! ,holy  
,_s1 & f\nd a new value 9 pray]1 & a new
 use ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures4  ,he has got
 new light on ! true welf>e ( ! p1 &    
especially on ! ne$ = e "o ( p]sonal    

contact ) ,*ri/2 new light1 also1 on !  
true dignity ( e individual man & woman 
9 view ( ! capacities ( _! s\ls & !     
immortality t is be=e !m4  ,he has f\nd 
a nobl] !me & a high] inspiration = t   
eloqu5ce :i* has m\ld$ 8 lab\rs 9 !     
pulpit4  ,he is n less desir\s to see ! 
p prosp]\s & happy1 b he has be5 conv9c$
 t _! true welf>e is dep5d5t on heav5ly 
grace1 &1 9 ! case ( ! poor1 t !re is   
no?+ l ,*ri/ian influ5ce :e!r = prev5t+ 
or alleviat+ ! evils ( pov]ty1 or1 :]e  
!re are poor1 rais+ !m above ! depress+ 
conditions ( _! lot4  ,& ?is is j ! g]m 
( t m compreh5sive view ( ! conditions (
 social welf>e to :i* he w be drawn :5  
he f9ds himself side by side ) ! teem+  
?\s&s ( ,glasg[4 ,he looks =w>d m       
ard5tly ?an ev] to ! full developm5t ( !
 p>o*ial sy/em4  ,nor has 8 en?usiasm = 
sci5ce abat$4  ,he has se5 t1 mu* ?\gh  
he loves x1 x is n 8 "p to devote to x !
 "t ne$$ = 8 m imm$iate duties4  ,b n[ t
 he sees x m cle>ly ?an ev] a dep>tm5t (
 t great k+dom ( ,god 9 :i* all int]e/s 

are comb9$ 9 a wond]ful unity1 8 respect
 = x is great] r ?an less4  ,&1 z a     
h&maid to ! ,gospel1 he w soon f9d a    
noble use = x 9 ^? a/ronomical disc\rses
 :i* are soon to arre/ ! att5tion ( !   
intellectual _w4  ,?us equipp$1 & ) ^!  
aims1 ,*alm]s proce$s to ,glasg[4  ,he  
is induct$ into 8 new *>ge1 #bcrd ,july 
#ahae4  ,8 incumb5cy !re is to be %ort] 
ev5 ?an at ,kilmany2 b ! eight ye>s t   
are n[ be=e him are to witness !        
comm5cem5t ( a "w & ! advocacy ( a cause
 :i* w n only br+ out ! greatness ( 8   
"*1 b tell on ! welf>e ( ! :ole ,*ur* & 
c\ntry = g5]ations to come4             
,,*apt] ,,iii                           
,,glasg[                                
#ahae-ahbc   ,x _c be said t ,*alm]s    
took v k9dly to ,glasg[4  ,he miss$ !   
wide expanse1 ! fre% air1 ! ,arcadian   
simplicity ( 8 mu*-lov$ ,kilmany2 also1 
! intimate acqua9tance he _h ) e        
individual1 & ! comp>ative leisure ( a  
c\ntry life4  ,he f\nd himself 'cribb$1 
cab9$1 & conf9$' by /reets & lanes &    

'l&s1' & flung ^u d5se masses (         
population t baffl$ e attempt at        
individual acqua9tance & int]e/4  ,no   
d\bt ! p 7 mo/ k9d & hospitable1 & if   
d9n]s & o!r ent]ta9m5ts c\ld h satisfi$ 
him1 he might h _h !m to 8 he>t's       
cont5t4 ,b1 b5t z he 0 on 8 especial "w1
 & eag] to laun* new plans ( usefulness1
 x 0 irksome beyond endurance to h to   
devote :ole aft]noons & ev5+s to eat+ & 
dr9k+1 consid]+ ! v trifl+ am\nt ( good 
t c\ld be expect$ to come ( su*         
protract$ engagem5ts4  ,& ano!r ?+ t    
worri$ him 0 ! trifl+ matt]s ( purely   
secul> int]e/ to :i*1 z a director (    
societies1 or a memb] ( public bo>ds1 he
 0 expect$ to give att5tion4  ,fancy an 
h\r sp5t 9 debat+ :e!r a c]ta9 dit* 0 to
 be cov]$ ov] or n2 fancy himself & 8   
bro!r-directors engag$ 9 a long         
controv]sy :e!r pork s\p or ox-tail s\p 
%\ld be s]v$ to ! inmates ( an          
in/itution1 & f9ally resort+ to a       
practical te/--a portion ( ea* k9d be+  
br\ght to ea* director to ta/e6  ,!n !re

 0 an expectation t mu* ( 8 "t %\ld be  
devot$ to c]ta9 att5tions t p lik$ to be
 paid to !m4 ,:y1 a fun]al 0 h>dly c\nt$
 respectable unless !re 7 f\r cl]gym5 9 
att5dance6  ,mu* n]v\s en]gy 0 consum$ 9
 resi/+ ^! unreasonable expectations1 & 
if ,*alm]s _h n come to be a great man1 
& possess$ ( a fame :i* ov]bore ev]y?+1 
he w\ld c]ta9ly h suff]$ n a little 9   
reputation f ! necessity ( s (t5 apply+ 
a snub :]e k9dness 0 meant1 & becom+ a  
transgressor :]e tradition _h e/abli%$  
its law4  ,dur+ ! eight ye>s ( 8 ,glasg[
 incumb5cy _m ?+s happ5$1 wor?y to be   
notic$ ev5 9 a %ort biography l ?is4    
,fir/ ( all1 8 fame z a pulpit orator   
rea*$ its climax2 a climax nev] surpass$
 & seldom equall$ 9 ! :ole annals ( !   
pulpit4  ,9 ! next place1 8 ideas ( !   
advantages ( ! p>o*ial sy/em1 br\ght f  
,kilmany1 7 matur$1 exp&$1 & practically
 appli$1 ) results t demon/rat$ 9 a     
wond]ful way _! ,*ri/ian wisdom &       
excell5ce4  ,fur!r1 z an au?or1 he rose 
to a high] plat=m2 8 a/ronomical &      

comm]cial disc\rses1 :5 publi%$1 spread 
8 fame f> & wide2 & a qu>t]ly           
publication :i* he issu$ on ! ,civic &  
,*ri/ian ,economy ( ,l>ge ,t[ns %[$ !   
zeal & wisdom ) :i* he grappl$ ) 8      
p>o*ial obligations4  ,mean:ile1 9 8    
closet1 he 0 int5sely occupi$ ) ! great 
problem ( 8 p]sonal spiritual life2 ev] 
& anon plac+ himself 9 ! imm$iate       
pres5ce ( ,god1 detect+ & deplor+ 8     
infirmities & defici5cies1 /riv+ to walk
 ) ,god 9 e und]tak+1 duty1 &           
recreation2 try+ h>d to resi/ ! subtle  
influ5ce ( human applause2 & long+ mu* =
 t absolute consecration :i* w\ld efface
 self1 & make ,god all 9 all4  ,/ill    
fur!r1 he 0 mo/ assidu\s 9 affectionate 
duty to 8 fri5ds & family2 correspond5ce
 ) fa!r1 "m1 wife1 *ildr51 & fri5ds w5t 
on )\t ceas+1 ev5 9 ! busie/ p]iods (   
public life1 & always ) an eag] desire  
to promote _! highe/ good4  ,& _m an    
important call to o!r sph]es ( lab\r    
arose f "t to "t to di/ract 8 att5tion2 
n[ he 0 (f]$ ?is important *>ge1 n[ t2  

at "o "t he 0 entreat$ to become a      
c&idate = ! natural philosophy *air at  
,ed9burgh1 & at ano!r = t ( moral       
philosophy2 n[ he 0 call$ to ,london to 
prea* a mission>y s]mon1 & at ano!r "t  
he f\nd x necess>y to make a long t\r   
?r\gh ,engl& to acquire in=mation ab\t !
 work+ ( ! poor-law sy/em4  ,t he 0 able
 to su/a9 life "u ! prodigi\s pressure (
 all ^! v>i$ engagem5ts _c b surprise u1
 & _c b excite our admiration ( !       
rem>kable physical & m5tal en]gy t 0    
able to endure x4  ,b x _h its effects2 
& "o ( ^! 01 t feel+ himself unable to  
su/a9 ! pressure ( su* an accumulation (
 burd5s1 & desir\s to prosecute m       
vigor\sly 8 "w z an au?or1 he accept$1 9
 #ahbc1 ! unanim\s (f] made to him ( !  
*air ( moral philosophy at ,/4 ,&rews1  
?\gh ! sph]e 9 itself 0 absolutely      
insignificant1 & ! sal>y n m ?an ,l#cjj 
a ye>4  ,! fir/ s]mon he prea*$ 9       
,glasg[1 a few mon?s be=e 8 settlem5t z 
m9i/] ( ! ,tron p>i%1 0 on behalf ( !   
,society = ! ,sons & ,daught]s ( !      

,cl]gy4  ,! m intellectual "p 0 an      
exposition ( ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian     
*>ity & 8 views ( paup]ism1 & ! m       
eloqu5t "p 0 a t\*+ picture ( ! family (
 a deceas$ cl]gyman1 call$ to te>       
!mselves f all ! beauties ( _! home1 :5 
_! he>ts 7 ov]borne ) ! f> d>k]         
melan*oly ( a fa!r torn f _! embrace4   
,dean ,ramsay1 :o he>d ?is s]mon1       
rem>k$1 9 8 biographical notice (       
,*alm]s to ! ,royal ,society (          
,ed9burgh1 t ! te>s ( ! fa!r & prea*]   
fell l ra9drops on ! manuscript1 & f _m 
ano!r eye ! l tok5s ( s5sibility 7 se5  
to fl[4  ,x is ( 8 appe>ance on ?is     
occasion t an elaborate description 0   
giv5 by ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,lockh>t 9 8       
pseudonym\s publication1 ,pet]'s ,lett]s
 to 8 ,k9sfolk4  ,x has be5 reproduc$ 9 
almo/ e biography1 b ! picture is too   
/rik+ to be :olly left out "h4  ,aft]   
describ+ o!r features ( ! face1 he      
rem>ks3--   ',! eyes are light 9 col\r1 
& h a /range1 dreamy heav9ess t conveys 
any idea r ?an t ( dulness1 b :i*       

contra/s 9 a wond]ful mann] ) ! dazzl+1 
wat]y gl>e !y exhibit :5 exp&$ 9 _!     
sockets1 & illum9at$ into all _! flame &
 f]v\r 9 "s mom5t ( high entranc$       
en?usiasm4  ,b ! %ape ( ! =ehead is     
p]haps ! mo/ s+ul> "p ( ! :ole visage2  
444 x is )\t exception ! mo/ ma!matical 
=ehead ,i ev] met )1 be+ f> wid] across 
! eyebr[s ?an ei!r ,mr4 ,playfair's or  
,mr4 ,leslie's4444  ,imm$iately above ! 
extraord9>y bread? ( ?is region1 9 !    
=ehead1 !re is an ar* ( imag9ation c>ry+
 out ! summit boldly & r\ndly1 9 a /yle 
to :i* ! heads ( v few poets pres5t     
any?+ comp>able1 & ov] ?is region aga9  
!re is a gr& apex ( high & solemn       
v5]ation & love4444  ,nev] p]haps did ! 
_w possess an orator ^: m9ute/          
peculi>ities ( ge/ure & voice h m p[] 9 
increas+ ! effect ( :at he says4'  ,!   
writ] !n dilates on 8 defects 9 ge/ure &
 pronunciation1 & ! disappo9tm5t caus$  
by 8 fir/ utt]ances4  ',b !n1 ) :at     
t5fold ri*ness does ?is dim1 prelim9>y  
curta9 make ! glories ( 8 eloqu5ce to   

%9e =?1 :5 ! heat$ _s at l5g? fl+s f x  
its *ill1 conf9+ fett]s1 & bur/s out    
elate & rejoic+ 9 ! full spl5d\r ( its  
disimprison$ w+s4444 ,i h he>d _m m5    
deliv] s]mons f> bett] arrang$ 9 reg>d  
to argum5t1 & h he>d v _m deliv] s]mons 
f> m uni=m 9 elegance bo? ( conception &
 ( /yle2 b mo/ unque/ionably ,i h nev]  
he>d1 :e!r 9 ,engl& or 9 ,scotl&1 or 9  
any o!r c\ntry1 any prea*] ^: eloqu5ce  
is capable ( produc+ an effect s /rong &
 irresi/ible z 84'   ,x 0 soon aft]1 t  
on he>+ a spee* ( ,*alm]s's ,"l ,jeffrey
 rem>k$1 ',i "k n :at x is1 b !re is    
some?+ altoge!r rem>kable ab\t t man4   
,x rem9ds me m ( :at "o reads ( z !     
effect ( ! eloqu5ce ( ,demo/h5es ?an    
any?+ ,i ev] he>d4'  ,an extraord9>y    
impression 0 produc$ by a s]mon prea*$  
be=e ! ,"l ,high ,commission]1 dur+ !   
proce$+s ( ! ,assembly1 f ! text1 ',:5  
,i consid] ,?y heav5s1 ! "w ( ,?y f+]s1 
! moon & ! />s1 :i* ,?\ ha/ orda9$2 :at 
is man1 t ,?\ art m9dful ( him8 & ! son 
( man1 t ,?\ visite/ him8'  ,!re 0 a    

ref]5ce to ! infidel argum5t t mod]n    
a/ronomy1 ?r\gh ! revelation by !       
telescope ( ! b\ndless multitude (      
worlds exi/+ 9 ! heav5s1 _h %[n ! e>? to
 be too insignificant a section ( ,god's
 univ]se to ju/ify ! inc>nation &       
sacrifice ( ! ,son ( ,god4  ,to refute  
?is objection1 ,*alm]s br\ght =w>d ! n  
less wond]ful discov]ies by ! microscope
 ( ! m9ut5ess ( ,god's works1 & !       
conclusion 0 irresi/ibly e/abli%$ t !re 
is 'n "o portion ( ! univ]se ( ,god too 
m9ute = ,8 notice1 nor too humble = !   
visitations ( ,8 c>e4'  ,?is s]mon 0 "o 
( a s]ies :i* ,*alm]s1 on :om ! degree (
 ,d4,d4 _h be5 conf]r$ by ! ,univ]sity (
 ,glasg[ 7#ba/ ,febru>y #ahaf71 0 n[    
deliv]+ !re4  ,x _h be5 an old practice 
( ! m9i/]s ( ,glasg[1 ( :om !re 7 !n    
eight1 to prea* 9 turn on ,?ursdays 9 ! 
,tron ,*ur*1 & ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 deem+ x    
fitt+ t week-day s]mons %\ld h a "* ( _!
 own1 select$ ! discov]ies ( mod]n      
a/ronomy z ! basis ( 8 c\rse4  ,! int]e/
 & novelty ( ! subject1 z well z ! fame 

( ! prea*]1 drew extraord9>y cr[ds to ! 
*ur*4  ,9 ,janu>y #ahag1 ! s]ies be+    
complet$1 ! s]mons 7 publi%$ 9 a volume4
  ,! dem& 0 m>vell\s4 ,n9e editions 7   
call$ = )9 a ye>1 & ne>ly #bj1jjj copies
 7 circulat$4  ,&1 beyond ! ord9>y      
circle ( s]mon read]s1 m5 l ,hazlitt &  
,cann+ 7 arre/$ & impress$4  ,! s]mons  
necess>ily bore ! m>ks ( a ha/y1 & 9 "s 
respects a juv5ile production2 ?is      
,*alm]s himself aft]w>ds ackn[l$g$1 & 8 
own pref]5ce 0 giv5 to ano!r s]ies--!   
',comm]cial ,disc\rses1' :i* bore ',on !
 ,application ( ,*ri/ianity to !        
,comm]cial & ,ord9>y ,affairs ( ,life1' 
& 7 publi%$ 9 #ahbj4  ,! ,a/ronomicals  
_h be5 review$1 n q fav\rably1 by ,john 
,fo/]1 ^: acqua9tance ,*alm]s made ab\t 
?is "t4  ,b1 s f> f %[+ any *agr9 at !  
fre$om ( 8 comm5ts1 ,*alm]s at once took
 ,fo/] to 8 he>t2 & !re 0 no public     
writ] ( ! day ( :om he ?\ght m highly1  
or :om he m w>mly comm5d$ 9 aft] days to
 8 /ud5ts4  ,"s ( ! ,reviews treat$ !   
s]mons sev]ely2 b f ,*ri/oph] ,nor?1 9  

,blackwood1 !y receiv$ he>ty            
comm5dation4  ,8 popul>ity 9 ,glasg[ 0  
almo/ surpass$ by t :i* he f\nd 9       
,london4  ,9 ,may #ahag he prea*$ 9     
,surrey ,*apel = ! ,london ,mission>y   
,society4  ,8 publi%]1 ,mr4 ,smi?1 :o   
accompani$ him1 wrote home1 ',all my    
expectations 7 ov]:elm$ 9 ! triumph4    
,no?+ f ! ,tron pulpit ev] excell$ x1   
nor did he ev] m arre/ & wond]-"w 8     
audi5ce4  ,i _h a full view ( ! :ole    
place4  ,! c>ry+ =w>d ( m9ds 0 nev] s   
visible to me2 a con/ant ass5t ( ! head 
f ! :ole p accompani$ all 8 p>agraphs2 &
 ! brea?lessness ( expectation p]mitt$ n
 ! beat+ ( a he>t to agitate !          
/illness4'  ,prea*+ = ! ,hib]nian       
,society1 he _h a beautiful passage on  
,iri% "*1 :i* affect$ ,mr4 ,cann+ to    
te>s4  ',! t>tan1' he said1 'beats u    
all4'  ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce _h br\ght ,cann+1 
along ) ,huskisson & ,"l ,b9n+ to !     
*apel1 :]e !y f\nd ,"l ,elg91 ,"l       
,h>r[by1 & _m o!rs4  ,9 ano!r *apel1 on 
! same day1 ! cr[d t _h ga!r$ 9 ! /reet 

0 s va/ t ev5 ! prea*] himself _h great 
difficulty 9 gett+ admission4  ,we "k   
:at a complim5t x is1 laud>i a laudatis4
  ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t he =m$ !           
acqua9tance ( ! greate/ pulpit orator ( 
,engl&1 ,rob]t ,hall1 :o wrote ?us to   
him1 ',x w\ld be difficult n to         
congratulate y on ! unrivall$ & unb\nd$ 
popul>ity :i* att5d$ y 9 !              
metropolis4444  ,! att5tion :i* y\r     
s]mons h excit$ is probably unequall$ 9 
mod]n lit]ature4'  ,"o might fill a :ole
 volume ) notices ( 8 popul>ity1 & ( !  
rem>kable triumphs ( 8 eloqu5ce4 ,to _m1
 ! wond] 0 increas$ :5 !y le>n$ !       
circum/ances 9 :i* 8 s]mons 7 sometimes 
compos$4  ,on "o occasion1 :ile enjoy+ 8
 holiday1 ^w 0 br\ght to him ( ! sudd5  
dea? ( ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte1 & ( 8 be+   
look$ = 9 ,glasg[ to prea* on ! day ( h]
 fun]al4  ,?is lett] rea*$ him on a     
,sunday1 :ile he 0 prea*+ at ,kilmany2  
po/+ on ,monday f ,kirkcaldy to         
,que5sf]ry1 he got a seat on ! mail to  
,ed9burgh2 he arriv$ 9 ,glasg[1 aft] a  

night j\rney1 betwe5 five & six on      
,tuesday morn+1 & next =5oon prea*$ "o (
 8 mo/ brilliant disc\rses4 ,:]ev] !    
coa* /opp$ to *ange horses1 he ru%$ into
 ! inn1 wrote a few s5t5ces1 !n ru%$ out
 to cont9ue 8 j\rney4  ,& ! s]mon 0 n a 
m]e appeal to feel+s4  ,a l>ge "p ( x   
consi/$ ( an elaborate plea = a l>g]    
provision = ! spiritual necessities (   
great cities1--be+ ! g]m ( t plan ( *ur*
 ext5sion & p>o*ial cultivation :i* 0 to
 =m ! great bus9ess ( 8 life4  ,twice e 
,sunday he usually fill$ 8 pulpit 9 !   
,tron ,*ur*2 & :5 latt]ly1 9 ,/4        
,john's1 he _h ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,irv+ z 8 
assi/ant1 ! two suppli$ two pulpits--!  
p>i% *ur* & a *apel ( ease--:ile o!r    
engagem5ts 7 (t5 und]tak5 9 v>i\s p>ts (
 ! c\ntry4  ,b ! "w ( ! pulpit c\ld     
h>dly be reckon$ z ! *ief ( ,dr4        
,*alm]s's lab\rs4  ,8 reg>d = ! old     
p>o*ial economy ( ! ,kirk ( ,scotl& 0 a 
supreme feel+2 he look$ on e m9i/] z    
hav+ *>ge ( ! p ( ! p>i%1 & held t x 0 8
 duty to wat* ov] _! spiritual          

condition4  ,x 0 8 s5se ( ! inf9ite     
importance ( ?is1 if ,*ri/ianity 0 to   
reta9 any hold on ! p ( our cities1 t _h
 made him su* an enemy ( pluralities1 & 
t r\s$ 8 int5se opposition to !         
settlem5t ( ,dr4 ,duncan ,macf>lane z   
m9i/] ( ! ,high ,*ur* ( ,glasg[1 :ile he
 reta9$ ! (fice ( ,pr9cipal ( !         
,univ]sity4 ,he knew = c]ta9 t ! result 
w\ld be ! almo/ total neglect ( a p>i% (
 upw>ds ( t5 ?\s& s\ls4  ,! population (
 ! ,tron p>i% 0 betwe5 elev5 & twelve   
?\s&4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s nev] devot$ himself 
to ! regul> visitation ( ! extra-p>o*ial
 families t =m$1 to a l>ge ext5t1 8     
ord9>y congregation2 :]e !re 0 sickness 
or dea?1 he w\ld visit !m1 b n 9 ord9>y 
circum/ances4  ,8 conc]n 0 ) ! p ( !    
p>i%4  ,8 fir/ object 0 to asc]ta9 _!   
g5]al condition1 & = ?is purpose he     
det]m9$ on a h\se-to-h\se visitation4   
,x 0 a ,h]culean task4  ,he c\ld b sp5d 
a few m9utes 9 ea* h\se1 give a k9dly   
greet+1 put a few que/ions1 p]haps utt] 
an e>ne/ ^w ( ,*ri/ian c\nsel1 & !n     

invite ! inmates to ! place :]e an ev5+ 
s]vice w\ld be held = ! b5efit ( all4   
,& on ! :ole x 0 a depress+ task2 = he  
f\nd t a great proportion ( ! p _h no   
seats 9 any place ( wor%ip1 & 7 9 deep  
ignorance on ! high matt]s ( fai? &     
et]nity4  ,he _h 8 plans ( re=mation 9  
read9ess1 b ^! involv$ ! enli/m5t &     
tra9+ ( a l>ge body ( help]s4  ,z a fir/
 /ep 9 ?is direction1 on1 #bj? ,decemb] 
#ahaf1 he orda9$ a few y\ng] m5 to !    
(fice ( ! eld]%ip1 call+ on !m v e>ne/ly
 to es*ew ! example set by _m eld]s     
ar\nd !m1 :o att5d$ only to ?+s         
temporal1 & to devote !mselves1 by      
h\sehold visitation & o!r means1 to !   
sup]9t5d5ce ( ! spiritual int]e/s ( _!  
di/ricts4  ,s e>ne/ly 0 he devot$ to !  
welf>e ( 8 p>i%1 t sometimes1 :5 8      
family 7 9 ! c\ntry1 he w\ld live 9 a   
humble room1 at a r5t ( six %ill+s a    
week1 9 ord] to be ne> 8 "w2 at o!r     
times he w\ld d9e 9 ! little ve/ry-room 
atta*$ to 8 *ur*4  ,next1 to meet !     
al>m+ ignorance ( spiritual tru?1 he    

in/itut$ a ,sabba? ,ev5+ ,s*ool         
,society1 & got a few memb]s ( 8        
congregation to "w x4  ,at ! end ( two  
ye>s1 upw>ds ( two ?\s& *ildr5 7 "u     
in/ruction by ?is means4  ',our meet+s1'
 says "o ( ! memb]s1 '7 v delightful4   
,i nev] saw any set ( m5 :o 7 s animat$ 
by "o _s1 & ^: zeal 0 s /eadily su/a9$4 
,! ,doctor 0 ! life ( ! :ole4 ,he 0 ev] 
mo/ ready to receive a h9t or sugge/ion 
f ! y\nge/ or mo/ inexp]i5c$ memb]2 & if
 any useful h9t came f su* a "o1 he 0   
c>eful to give him ! full m]it ( x1     
g5]ally by 8 "n4  ,al?\gh we _h no set  
=ms ( tea*+1 we consult$ ov] all !      
modes1 t we might f9d ! be/4'  ,! out/&+
 peculi>ity ( ^! s*ools 0 t !y 7        
t]ritorial4  ,!y 71 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 at
 lea/1 = ! *ildr5 ( ! p>i%1 & = ^!      
alone4  ,! *ildr5 7 ga!r$ ?r\gh !       
visitation ( ! ,doctor's ag5ts1 ! result
 be+ t1 9 ?is way1 an imm5sely l>g]     
numb] got ! b5efit ( ,sabba?-s*ool      
in/ruction ?an :5 a g5]al sy/em ( s*ools
 prevail$1 to :i* any "o might g or n g 

z he 0 incl9$4  ,at a lat] p]iod1 he    
ent]$ on a m co/ly educational und]tak+4
 ,9 8 ,sunday s*ools1 he f\nd _m *ildr5 
t c\ld read 9 a way1 b ) su* hesitation 
& difficulty z %[$ t read+ 0 no pleasure
 to !m1 & t x 0 sure n to be practis$ z 
an ord9>y habit4 ,glasg[ 0 !n v defici5t
 9 day s*ools4  ,:5 he w5t to ,/4       
,john's1 he det]m9$ to rem$y ?is defect1
 9 s f> z t p>i% 0 conc]n$4  ,sett+ !   
example himself by a ,l#ajj             
contribution1 he soon obta9$ ! necess>y 
funds4  ',)9 two ye>s f ! comm5cem5t ( 8
 m9i/ry1 f\r effici5t tea*]s1 ea* end[$ 
to ! ext5t ( ,l#be p] annum1 7 educat+  
#dai s*ol>s2 &1 :5 he left ,glasg[ 9    
#ahbc1 o!r s*ool build+s 7 9 process (  
erection1 capable ( accommodat+ #cgd    
additional pupils2 s t ! fruit ( f\r    
ye>s' lab\r 0 ! leav+ beh9d him ! means 
& facilities = giv+1 at a v mod]ate     
rate1 a sup]ior education to no less ?an
 #fic *ildr51 out ( a population ( t5   
?\s& s\ls4'  ,! managem5t ( ! poor 01 z 
we h se51 a subject :i*1 ev5 be=e he    

came to ,glasg[1 _h begun to occupy 8 v 
e>ne/ ?\ghts1 & on :i* he _h =m$ decid$ 
views4  ,to "s preval5t notions on !    
subject1 especially 9 ,engl&1 he        
ent]ta9$ v /rong objections1 = he held t
 _! t5d5cy 0 to increase paup]ism1 s t !
 m money t 0 sp5t1 ! great] did ! evil  
become4  ,!re 7 two b5eficial influ5ces 
9 p>ticul> t a sy/em ( compulsory       
poor-rates 0 fitt$ to impair--! _s (    
indep5d5ce1 & ! read9ess ( fri5ds &     
relatives to assi/ ! poor4 ,:5 x came to
 be und]/ood t ! poor _h a legal claim  
to be support$ f ! rates1 !y w\ld cease 
to make any ex]tion to be ?rifty &      
indep5d5t1 & _! fri5ds & relatives w\ld 
cease to *>ge !mselves ) _! ma9t5ance4  
,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 p]suad$ t1 s long z ^!   
two b5eficial influ5ces rema9$ 9 active 
op]ation1 ! poor might be ma9ta9$ at a  
f> less co/ ?an w\ld be possible "u a   
s*eme ( compulsory rates4 ,8 plan 0 to  
fall back on ! ,new ,te/am5t me?od--to h
 a body ( deacons specially *>g$ ) ! c>e
 ( ! poor2 to assign to ea* deacon a    

c]ta9 limit$ proportion ( ! p>i%1       
in/ruct him to make v full inquiries    
into ! case ( e "o apply+ = help1       
endeav\r 9 e case :]e de/itution 0 caus$
 by want ( "w1 to f9d "w = ! applicant2 
or :]e !re 7 fri5ds or relatives able to
 help1 to draw on _! res\rces be=e      
application %\ld be made to ! public    
fund4  ,s long z he 0 m9i/] ( ! ,tron   
p>i%1 !re 7 insurm\ntable difficulties  
to c>ry+ ?is plan into execution4  ,b ! 
creation ( ! new p>i% ( ,/4 ,john's     
alt]$ ! case4 ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 det]m9$ n  
to accept ! appo9tm5t to t p>i% unless  
he %\ld be all[$ full lib]ty to c>ry out
 8 plans = ! ma9t5ance ( ! poor4  ,aft] 
a consid]able am\nt ( fight+1 he at l5g?
 got all ! lib]ty he ask$4  ,! turmoil &
 worries to :i* he 0 expos$ 9 cont5d+ ) 
old op9ions1 old practices & prejudices 
( all sorts1 7 l to pro/rate him4  ,b z 
soon z ?is battle 0 ov]1 ano!r rema9$ to
 be f\ght4 ,he mu/ prove1 by practical  
demon/ration1 n only t 8 s*eme 0        
workable1 b t 9 its effects x w\ld be a 

great improvem5t on ! o!r4  ,he mu/     
und]take ! managem5t ( all ! poor 9 a   
p>i% ( t5 ?\s& s\ls--! poore/ p>i% 9 !  
city4  ,) ?is great und]tak+ he n[      
proce$$ to grapple4  ,:at he und]took 01
 to rel9qui% all claim to ! fund rais$  
by assessm5t1 & provide = ! poor ( ,/4  
,john's p>i% ?r\gh ! *ur*-door          
collections alone4 ,x 0 arrang$ t ! !n  
actual inmates ( ! t[n's poorh\se1      
connect$ ) ! p>i%1 w\ld be ma9ta9$ z    
be=e1 b t no new cases w\ld be s5t !re2 
all ! new outdoor cases1 & all ! o!r    
cases ( paup]ism1 7 to be defray$ f !   
congregational fund4  ,hi!rto ! co/ ( ! 
poor 9 ! p>i% _h be5 at ! rate ( ,l#adjj
 p] annum1 :]eas ! collections am\nt$ to
 only ,l#dhj4 ,?us1 ?\gh n at fir/1 yet 
ultimately1 ,/4 ,john's ,*ur* w\ld be   
responsible = an am\nt ( paup]ism t _h  
hi!rto co/ ,l#adjj4  ,! unwe>i$         
visitation ( ! deacons produc$ highly   
b5eficial results4  ,sometimes v appall+
 cases ( di/ress 7 f\nd to be :olly     
fabul\s4  ,a poor woman appli$ to a     

deacon to bury a gr[n-up daught] :o _h  
di$ t day4  ,he refus$ until he _h made 
a p]sonal visit4  ,?is he did1 b no su* 
p]son c\ld be f\nd4 ,next day ! woman   
r5ew$ h] application3 a "y man 0 s5t by 
! deacon to v]ify ! woman's /atem5t2 b  
%e disappe>$ 9 ! cr[d4  ,:5 ! matt] 0   
/at$ to ano!r deacon1 he wond]$ :e!r !  
woman's husb&1 :om he _h help$ to bury  
six mon?s be=e1 7 /ill alive4 ,! two w5t
 9 que/ ( ! family1 & f\nd ! buri$ husb&
 & ! dead daught] p]=m+ all ! functions 
( life4  ,9 o!r cases1 relatives 7      
induc$ to take *>ge ( de/itute *ildr51  
or old] *ildr5 to take *>ge ( y\ng]4  ,9
 "o case1 ! fa!r & "m ( a family compos$
 ( six *ildr5 bo? di$2 ?ree ( ! six 7   
e>n+ wages1 & ?ree 7 unable to "w4  ,!  
?ree eld] appli$ to h ! ?ree y\ng]      
admitt$ to ! poorh\se4  ,x 0 po9t$ out  
to !m by ,dr4 ,*alm]s's ag5ts t ?is w\ld
 be a great slur on ! family2 & a small 
qu>t]ly all[ance 0 promis$ if !y %\ld   
keep toge!r4  ,! advice 0 tak51 & !     
qu>t]ly all[ance 0 b twice requir$4  ,! 

family liv$ toge!r1 ga9+ a "* =         
indep5d5ce & bro!rl9ess t 9 itself mu/ h
 be5 a consid]able help to _! success 9 
life4  ,& _m o!r su* cases occurr$4  ,! 
result ( ^! op]ations1 dur+ ! ?ree ye>s 
& n9e mon?s :5 ,dr4 ,*alm]s p]sonally   
presid$ ov] !m1 0 in/ructive & /rik+4   
,! :ole numb] ( new cases admitt$ on !  
roll 0 tw5ty1 & ! annual co/ ( ^! 0     
,l#ff4  ,! numb] ( cases orig9ally      
committ$ to ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 n9ety-eight1 
( :om tw5ty-eight _h di$1 & ?irte5 _h   
be5 displac$ 9 consequ5ce ( a scrut9y1  
leav+ 7) ! tw5ty new cases7 sev5ty-sev5 
on ! roll1 ! co/ ( ^: ye>ly ma9t5ance 0 
,l#aij4  ,9 ! second ye> ( _! op]ations 
! *ur* 0 able to take ! :ole ( !        
poorh\se inmates connect$ ) ! p>i% (f t 
in/itution1 at an exp5se to !mselves (  
,l#ij a ye>4  ,9 ?is way ! paup]ism t _h
 co/ ! t[n ,l#adjj 0 n[ manag$ at an    
exp5diture ( ,l#bhj4  ,& ! paup]ism     
itself became a decreas+ quantity4  ',! 
,/4 ,john's deacons1 m+l+ z !y did      
famili>ly ) all ! families1 & prov+     

!mselves by ^w & de$ ! true b enlight5$ 
fri5ds ( all1 did f> m to prev5t        
paup]ism ?an to provide = x4'  ,x _c be 
said t 8 !ory ( paup]ism 0 a ha/y s*eme1
 ! result ( m]e b5evol5t impulse1 or t  
,*alm]s did n take suffici5t means to   
acqua9t himself ) ! subject 9 all its   
aspects4  ,he _h already giv5 expression
 to 8 ideas 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 & %[n
 t ! matt] _h engag$ 8 mo/ e>ne/ /udy4  
,lat]1 he made an elaborate j\rney ?r\gh
 ,engl& 9 ord] to become p]sonally      
acqua9t$ ) ! places & ! p]sons !re mo/  
conv]sant ) ! subject4 ,?is visit       
embrac$ ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 
,gl\ce/]1 ,wells1 ,salisbury1           
,s\?ampton1 ,portsm\?1 ,london1 ,bury   
,/4 ,edmunds1 ,b$=d1 & ,nott+ham4 ,!    
j\rney occupi$ sev5 weeks1 & 9 ! c\rse (
 x he came into contact ) _m ( ! public 
m5 :o 7 int]e/$ 9 t class ( subjects1   
conspicu\s among :om 7 ,"l ,cal?orpe &  
,mr4 ,f[ell ,buxton4  ,! anti-slav]y    
lead]s1 su* z ,mr4 ,z4 ,macaulay1 ,mr4  
,bab+ton1 & ,mr4 ,cl>kson1 7 g5]ally    

sympa!tic1 b _! en]gies 7 too mu*       
absorb$ 9 ! anti-slav]y movem5t to admit
 ( _! ?r[+ !m into ,dr4 ,*alm]s's s*eme4
  ,inde$ !re 7 b few m5 ( m>k at t "t   
int]e/$ 9 social que/ions4  ,9 8 s5se ( 
! urg5cy ( ^! que/ions1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0  
be=e 8 age4  ,! m imm$iate object he _h 
9 view1 t ( ga!r+ in=mation1 0          
suffici5tly accompli%$2 b !re is no     
indication t he made mu* progress 9     
indoctr9at+ public m5 ) 8 views4  ,if   
ev] he *]i%$ ! hope t a p>ty w\ld arise 
9 ,engl& :o %\ld deal ) paup]ism on 8   
l9es1 t hope 0 nev] fulfill$4  ,nor 0 x 
! privilege ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s to f9d 8     
exp]im5t c>ri$ out ?or\ghly 9 o!r       
places1 or ev5 to witness its p]man5ce 9
 8 own *os5 locality4 ,= sev]al ye>s x  
cont9u$ to prosp]2 9 #ahcj1 t5 ye>s aft]
 ! comm5cem5t ( ! und]tak+1 he in=m$ a  
committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons t ! :ole 
annual exp5se ( ,/4 ,john's paup]ism = !
 prec$+ ye> _h be5 ,l#chd2 & 9 #ahcc1   
,mr4 ,tufnell1 an ,engli% ,poor-,law    
,commission]1 report$3 ',! sy/em has be5

 att5d$ ) ! mo/ triumphant success2 x is
 n[ 9 p]fect op]ation1 & n a d\bt is    
express$ by its manag]s ( its cont9u+ to
 rema9 s4'  ,:y1 !n1 did ! sy/em n      
ext5d8  ,ma9ly1 we believe1 because     
,*alm]s /ood alone 9 t unrivall$ en]gy  
:i* c\ld n only conceive & plan ! s*eme 
& fight d[n its oppon5ts1 b likewise f9d
 compet5t ag5ts1 & inspire !m ) 8 own _s
 9 ord] to c>ry x into effect4  ,x 0 a  
s*eme t dem&$ a /rong magnetic p[] on ! 
"p ( its head to ov]come ! vis in]tiae (
 ord9>y m51 & s5d !m into ! field1 &    
keep !m 9 ! field1 vigilant1 al]t1      
unwe>i$1 & hopeful4  ,no d\bt 8         
pr9ciples 7 act$ on to a c]ta9 ext5t 9  
_m p>i%es :]e !re 0 no pressure (       
pov]ty2#b b we are n aw>e ( any in/ance 
9 :i* 8 plan 0 boldly made to d duty 9 !
 he>t ( a l>ge city p>i%4    #b ,e4g4   
,dirleton1 "u ,rev4 ,mr4 ,/>k4  ,see    
,hanna's ,life1 iii4       #aba4  ,& :y 
did ! exp]im5t n become p]man5t8        
,because two conditions "u :i* x 0      
e/abli%$ 7 n kept4  ,"o 01 t a law (    

resid5ce %\ld be e/abli%$ betwe5 !      
p>i%es ( ! city1 s t ,/4 ,john's %\ld n 
be burd5$ ) a paup]ism :i* x _h done    
no?+ to create4  ,! o!r condition 01 t s
 long z ,/4 ,john's kept its own poor1 x
 %\ld be exempt$ f any assessm5t = !    
poor g5]ally4 ,nei!r ( ^! conditions 0  
kept4  ,moreov]1 ! exp5se = lunatics &  
expos$ *ildr5 grew at a mu* great] rate 
?an ! population1 & a *apel ( ease1     
expect$ to be a great help1 turn$ out a 
failure4  ,& at no "t did ! au?orities (
 ! city & ! o!r p>i%es give ! c\nt5ance 
t might h be5 expect$ to s successful & 
economical a s*eme4  ,! result 0 t1 9   
#ahcg1 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,john's laps$ into !
 g5]al sy/em ( ,glasg[4  ,& lat]1 aft] a
 vehem5t opposition f ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 !   
pres5t law1 support+ ! poor by          
assessm5t1 0 pass$1 :i* virtually put an
 end to ! old pat]nal me?od (           
adm9i/ration4  ,x 0 easy to repres5t !  
plan ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s z a nigg>dly sy/em1 
:i* dol$ out m]e driblets ( *>ity1 n    
suffici5t to keep s\l & body toge!r4  ,b

 x 0 =gott5 t "o ( its ma9 objects 0 to 
keep ^? subsidi>y /reamlets runn+ :i* ! 
affection ( relatives & ! compassion (  
neighb\rs suppli$1 z well z to enc\rage 
! indep5d5ce1 ! indu/ry1 ! ?rift1 & !   
sobriety :i* w\ld h kept paup]ism af>   
(f4  ,! und5iable result ( ! compulsory 
sy/em has be5 an enorm\s addition to !  
co/ ( paup]ism1 & we fe>1 x mu/ be add$1
 a s]i\s dim9ution ( ^? good old        
,scotti% habits :i* disc\rag$ & prev5t$ 
its gr[?4 ,! increase ( dr9k+ has t5d$  
greatly n only to ! gr[?1 b to !        
unmanageabl5ess ( paup]ism4  ,if !      
dr9k-curse c\ld be effectively dealt )1 
!re w\ld be no ne$ = a poor-assessm5t2 !
 *ur*es ( ! c\ntry1 z 9 "t pa/1 w\ld be 
q able1 z !y w\ld be cordially will+1 to
 support ! poor4   ,9 connection ) !    
lit]>y lab\rs ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 ref]5ce   
has already be5 made to ! publication ( 
! ,a/ronomical ,disc\rses 9 #ahag & !   
,comm]cial ,disc\rses 9 #ahbj4  ,9      
addition to ^!1 we h to note a volume ( 
,miscellane\s ,disc\rses publi%$ 9      

#ahai4 ,:ile ?is volume 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! 
press1 he express$ 8 belief t x w\ld br+
 ano!r ne/ ( hornets ab\t him1 9 ! %ape 
( angry critics & review]s4  ',x has be5
 s+ul>ly ! fate ( my publications to be 
torn to pieces 9 ! j\rnals1 b at ! same 
"t to be ext5sively b\ght & read4'  ,an 
edition ( sev5 ?\s& copies ( ! new      
volume 0 pr9t$1 b ! result 0 ! rev]se ( 
:at he anticipat$2 ! j\rnals did n cut x
 up1 nor did ! public buy x up1 ) ! same
 avidity z be=e4  ,b ev5 9 ?is our day (
 va/ editions1 sev5 ?\s& copies ( a     
volume ( s]mons w\ld be an unprec$5t$   
und]tak+4  ,a mu* m out-(-!-way         
publication1 9 ! successive numb]s1 0 ! 
,civic & ,*ri/ian ,economy ( ,l>ge      
,t[ns4  ,?is 0 mo/ emphatically a       
,*alm]ian project4 ,x orig9at$ ab\t ! "t
 ( 8 appo9tm5t to ,/4 ,john's1 9 8      
det]m9ation to set himself "r aga9/ a   
calumni\s *>ge t he 0 secretly aim+ at a
 vacant *air 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1
 & ready to leave 9 ! lur* ! fri5ds :o 7
 to aid him 9 ! ,/4 ,john's und]tak+4   

,no?+ c\ld h hurt him m ?an a *>ge (    
und]h& s*em+4  ,a fugitive pamphlet     
might h s]v$ 8 purpose2 b a wid] project
 took hold ( him1 ( enlight5+ 8         
congregation & ! public g5]ally f "t to 
"t on all t conc]n$ ! prosp]\s          
adm9i/ration ( ! p>i%1 & ( l>ge t[ns    
g5]ally4  ,! fir/ numb] 0 publi%$ on    
#bd? ,septemb] #ahai1 & ! succe$+ numb]s
 foll[$ qu>t]ly 9 unbrok5 succession    
until 8 removal to ,/4 ,&rews4 ,we see  
aga9 h[ f> he 0 9 advance ( 8 age 9 !   
importance :i* he atta*$ to a s\nd      
,*ri/ian economy ( l>ge cities4         
,sev5ty-eight ye>s ago1 l>ge t[ns 7 f>  
few] ?an !y are n[1 & ( c\rse mu*       
small]1 & !y _h sc>cely begun to attract
 att5tion z a novel & difficult feature 
( our social condition4  ,yet ,*alm]s 0 
all alive to _! importance1 & ke5ly     
pond]$ ! measures necess>y = _!         
adm9i/ration4  ,& ! result %[s h[ true 8
 =eca/ 04  ,n only _h he ?\ght out !    
problem1 & arriv$ at its solution1 b he 
_h set to "w practically to c>ry 8 plan 

into execution2 & to ?is he n[ add$ !   
additional function ( exp\nd+ & def5d+ x
 9 a qu>t]ly publication4 ,& all ! :ile 
he 0 c>ry+ on 8 unrivall$ "w 9 ! pulpit2
 he 0 sup]9t5d+ all ! ma*9]y ( ! p>i%2  
he 0 cultivat+ mo/ consci5ti\sly !      
v9ey>d ( 8 own s\l2 & he 0 int]e/+      
himself 9 all t conc]n$ 8 fri5ds1 & 9 a 
?\s& o!r objects & projects t 7         
cont9ually press+ ^u 8 att5tion4   ,x is
 n easy to describe ! e>ne/ p]sonal     
deal+s ) ,god :i* he ma9ta9$ dur+ ! :ole
 "t ( ?is busy ,glasg[ m9i/ry4  ,to ^?  
:o c ent] into ?is high phase ( life1 no
 aspect ( 8 "* is m rem>kable4          
,sometimes ! int5sity ( 8 ?ir/ aft] a   
high spiritual life appe>s 9 8 lett]s1 b
 m directly 9 8 di>y4 ,imm$iately aft] !
 comm5cem5t ( 8 ,glasg[ m9i/ry1 he =m$  
an almo/ romantic fri5d%ip ) a "y man ( 
! "n ( ,smi?1 :om he look$ on z 8 fir/  
conv]t4  ,alongside ( ?is y\? 7z ( ,mr4 
,&]son at ,kilmany7 he plac$ himself z  
if !y 7 on ! same foot+--fell[-le>n]s1  
fell[-pilgrims1 fell[-suppliants1       

equally 9 ne$ ( ! grace & guidance (    
,god4  ',o ,god1 d ,?\ look propiti\sly 
on our fri5d%ip4  ,d ,?\ purify x f all 
t is base1 sordid1 & e>?ly4 ,may x be   
altoge!r subord9at$ to ! love ( ,!e4    
,may x be ! in/rum5t ( great good to ea*
 ( our s\ls4 ,may x sweet5 ! pa? ( our  
worldly pilgrimage3 & aft] dea? has     
divid$ u = a season1 may x f9d its f9al 
bless$ness & consummation at ! "r h& (  
,?9e ev]la/+ ?rone4'  ,dur+ ,mr4 ,smi?'s
 la/ illness he wrote to him at lea/    
once a day & saw him v (t54 ,sometimes  
he w\ld c>ry 8 manuscript to 8 room &   
write 8 s]mon !re4  ,x 0 dur+ an abs5ce 
( ,dr4 ,*alm]s f ,glasg[ t he di$4  ',on
 my return1 ,?omas ,smi? 0 dead4  ,i h  
be5 ?r[n into successive floods (       
t5d]ness4'  ,9 ! pray] (f]$ at 8 fun]al1
 :i* has be5 pres]v$1 he express$ !     
w>me/ ?anks = all ! grace giv5 to ?is "y
 man1 & all ! good 8 example & influ5ce 
_h done2 & = himself z well z = o!rs he 
pray$ mo/ f]v5tly t !y might all 'retire
 f ! sc5e ) he>ts bett]$1 ) m9ds resolv$

 to =sake all = ,*ri/1 ) affections     
wean$ f ?is _w & all its ly+ vanities4' 
,v beautiful1 too1 0 ! outp\r+ ( 8      
feel+s t[>ds h] :o _h become ! p>tn] ( 8
 life1 8 be/ belov$ & mo/ long$ = on    
e>?4  ,be=e %e 0 8 wife ! pray] _h ris51
 ',o my ,god1 p\r ,?y be/ bless+s on ,g4
  ,give h] ard5t & decid$ ,*ri/ianity2  
may %e be ! bless+ & ! joy ( all ar\nd  
h]2 may h] light %9e :ile %e lives2 & :5
 %e dies1 may x be a m]e /ep--a         
transition 9 h] m>* to a joyful         
et]nity4'  ,& aft]w>ds he wrote to h]3  
',i h to reque/ ( my de> ,g4 t %e /ir   
h]self up to lay hold ( ,god4  ,d act   
fai? on ! great tru?s ( div9e           
revelation4  ,d cry mightily to ,god =  
p>don 9 ! "n & = ! sake ( ,*ri/2 &1     
rely+ on ! p[] ( ,8 blood & ( ,8 ,_s1   
commit y\rself to ,him 9 well-do+ z unto
 a fai?ful ,creator4'  ,h[ well wor?y   
,mrs4 ,*alm]s 0 ( be+ ! wife ( su* a man
 0 be/ kn[n to ^? :o enjoy$ ! intimate  
fri5d%ip ( ! family4 ,! late ,dr4 ,smi? 
( ,/4 ,george's1 ,glasg[1 :o knew !m    

intimately1 f hav+ be5 ,dr4 ,*alm]s's   
assi/ant1 held h] to be '9 all respects 
a helpmeet = h] di/+ui%$ husb&4  ,%e    
/r5g!n$ 8 h&s & enc\rag$ 8 he>t 9 e     
lab\r ( love4  ,z a wife1 a "m1 a       
mi/ress1 a fri5d1 a disciple ( ,him :o 0
 meek & l[ly 9 _s1 few are bett] entitl$
 to affection's w>me/ tribute4'  ,b x 0 
9 ! direct commun+s ( 8 _s ) ,god t !   
dep? ( 8 humility & ! ard\r ( 8 desires 
= a high] life 7 mo/ app>5t3--   ',m>*  
#crd1 #ahah4--;,_c say mu* ( my walk )  
,god4  ,d n burn ) love to man4         
#e?4--,_c yet record a close walk )     
,god4  ,got impati5t ) a man :o call$ on
 me & ) ---- 9 ! ev5+4  ,o = a humbl] & 
ne>] c\rse ( devot$ness to ! w ( my     
,savi\r4 #f?4--,h n yet atta9$ su* a    
walk ) ,god t 9 look+ to ! day t is gone
 ,i c see any?+ l ! g5]al complexion (  
godl9ess4  #g?4--,_c yet speak to my    
walk ) ,god4 ,w a quiet confid5ce 9     
,*ri/ n br+ ?is ab\t8 #h?4--,n yet4 ,o  
my ,god1 help me4  #i?4--,n yet4  ,tru/ 
t ,i am f9d+ my way to ,*ri/ z ! ,"l my 

,/r5g?4 ,o gu>d me aga9/ ! *>ms ( human 
praise6'   ,at a lat] p]iod he is       
equally humble & equally f]v5t4   ',feb4
 #bd?1 #ahbb4--,0 greatly impress$ )    
,ersk9e's talk ab\t realis+ ,god e qu>t]
 ( an h\r4  ,o heav5ly ,fa!r1 let me d  
x1 & free me f ! s5se ( guilt t[>ds     
,?yself1 & enable me rightly & rejoic+ly
 to lift up my head1 too1 9 ! pres5ce ( 
m9e enemies4 #be?4--,di/urb$1 b feel    
great alleviation 9 habitual realis+s ( 
,god1 :i* ,i h _h all ?is day4          
#bh?4--,o my ,savi\r1 ,i c d no?+ = ,!e6
  ,april #g?4--,x is humiliat+ amid !   
busy ext]nals ( religion to ?9k h[      
little my s\l is tak+ up or mak+        
progress !re94  #i?4--,o my ,god1 cause 
me to hold !e 9 con/ant remembrance4    
,re/ore en]gy to me1 b let me nev] lose 
sight ( my creature%ip & my             
wor?lessness4  ,may ,i be pure 9 he>t1 &
 s see ,god4  ,loose all my bonds1 & may
 ,i s]ve ,!e ) delight & ?ankfulness all
 my days4'   ,x is obvi\s to mod]n      
read]s1 ?\gh x 0 n to him1 t :5 he 0 mo/

 depress$1 a %>e ( ! depression 0 due to
 physical exhau/ion4  ,! numb]1 !       
con/ancy1 & ! int5sity ( 8 lab\rs c\ld n
 b dull ! faculties t so> highe/ ( all1 
& call z a rem$y = physical re/2 :ile1 l
 s _m o!rs 9 ! l circum/ances1 he 0 lay+
 all ! blame on ! wick$ness or !        
e>?l9ess ( 8 he>t4   ,) ! memb]s ( 8    
family he ma9ta9$ ! close/ fell[%ip4 ,:5
 he he>d ( 8 fa!r hav+ _h a p>alytic    
/roke1 he hurri$ to 8 b$side1 & 0 pres5t
 at ! end4  ,8 affection & respect = him
 7 unabat$4  ',my de> fa!r is lovely 9  
dea?4  ,!re is all ! mildness ( heav5 ^u
 8 ag$ c\nt5ance4' ,writ+ on ! foll[+   
,sunday to 8 mu*-lov$ si/] ,jane 7,mrs4 
,morton71 he says3 ',x is truly affect+ 
:5 ! ?\ght ( =m] ,sabba?s 9 ,an/]       
pres5ts itself to my m9d1 & ,i ?9k ( x z
 ! day he lov$1 & h[ ! r++ ( ! bells 0  
ev] to him ! note ( joyful invitation to
 ! h\se ( ,god2 ! sight ( ! p go+ to & f
 ! *ur*--! int]val--! ev]y?+ connect$ ) 
! ,sabba?1 br+ ! :ole ( my fa!r's habits
 9 lively recollection be=e me1 & call  

=? a fre% excitem5t ( t5d]ness4'  ,t[>ds
 8 wid[$ "m he ev] act$ ) ! mo/ t5d] &  
respectful affection4  ,8 lett]s to h] 7
 bo? frequ5t & regul>1 full ( conc]n =  
h] temporal & spiritual com=t1 &        
manife/+ t int]e/ 9 all ! memb]s ( !    
family :i* is s grateful to a "m's he>t4
  ,b ! fulle/ outp\r+s ( 8 he>t1 9 8    
correspond5ce ) fri5ds at a di/ance1 7  
to 8 si/]1 ,mrs4 ,morton4  ,well c\ld he
 assure 'my ev] de>e/ ,jane'--'"o ( !   
pure/ & mo/ delightful ( all my feel+s 9
 ?is _w ( _m di/ractions is ! feel+ (   
t5d]ness :i* ,i ev] associate ) y & all 
y\r conc]ns'2 nor 0 he less s9c]e 9 say+
 t he c\ld ?9k ( 'no m delightful sc5e (
 occasional re/ & recreation ?an !      
neighb\rhood :]e ,provid5ce _h orda9$ h]
 habitation1 s ri* 9 ! beauties (       
nature1 & /ill ri*] 9 ! pieties &       
*>ities ( ! excell5t p t liv$ 9 x4'  ,to
 h] he writes freely ( all ! ev5ts ( 8  
life1 & /ill m ( ! vicissitudes ( 8     
,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 & ( ! ev] op5 refuge 
alike f dome/ic sorr[s & spiritual      

infirmities :i* we h 9 ! grace ( our    
,savi\r & 9 ! love ( our ,fa!r4  ,all ! 
m t5d]ly did he write :5 ! deep %ad[ (  
b]eavem5t fell ^u h] home2 :5 a he>t    
full ( humility & some:at dispos$ to    
despond5cy 0 liable to be swall[$ up )  
ov] mu* sorr[1 & to =get 7z he rem9d$   
h]7 t ev5 :5 ! day is ov]ca/ & l[]+1 !  
sun is %9+ ) undim9i%$ lu/re4  ,8 elde/ 
bro!r1 ,james1 :o liv$ 9 ,london1 0 a   
h>d subject to deal )4  ,he seem$ to %ut
 himself up f all 8 family1 & to /& 9   
awe le/ !y %\ld come to visit him4  ,he 
_h resolutely ab/a9$ f he>+ 8 bro!r     
prea* aft] he became fam\s4 ,h>dly any  
case c\ld h m conv9c+ly v]ifi$ ! rem>k1 
h[ unlike bro!rs may be to ea* o!r4     
,james _h a k9d ( mania = balanc+ 8     
p]sonal acc\nts to ! m9ute/ fraction1 & 
on "o occasion worri$ himself = mon?s 9 
! endeav\r to acc\nt = a p5ny1 till a   
ye> aft]1 :5 ab\t to cross a            
toll-bridge1 he rememb]$ t he _h cross$ 
x a twelvemon? be=e1 & =got to ent] !   
p5ny 9 8 acc\nts4  ,yet ,?omas bore )   

him pati5tly1 & dealt ) him             
affectionately b fai?fully1 evid5tly 9 !
 hope t he might *ange4  ,& be=e ! end  
he did become m amiable4  ,9 ann\nc+ 8  
fa!r's dea?1 ,?omas pa!tically1 & ) an  
obvi\s practical design1 rem>k$ t if _! 
belov$ p>5t look$ d[n ^u !m1 'no?+ c\ld 
af=d 8 _s a m delightful spectacle ?an t
 ( 8 *ildr5 seek+ ! ,gospel :i* !y _h   
a=etime despis$1 pray+ = grace1 & n     
ceas+ to pray1 till !y _h obta9$4'  ,8  
own *ildr5 7 h>dly old en\gh1 :ile 9    
,glasg[1 = m ?an ! ord9>y fondness ( a  
fa!r4 ,yet we f9d him1 9 8 abs5ces f    
home1 & :5 driv5 hi!r & ?i!r by manifold
 engagem5ts1 writ+1 9 imitation ( pr9t1 
^? elaborate lett]s to 8 little daught] 
,anne1 ( :i* h] future husb&1 ,dr4      
,hanna1 has giv5 u a sample 9 ! second  
volume ( ! ,life 7p4 #daj74  ,"o _c b   
admire ! extreme neatness & cle>ness ( !
 pr9t+1 a memorable contra/ to !        
hi]oglyphics he us$ to da% (f on ord9>y 
occasions1 :i* 7 s illegible t1 9 8 e>ly
 days1 :5 a lett] came f him1 8 fa!r    

sugge/$ t x _h bett] be kept till he    
%\ld himself arrive to read x = !m4     
,once1 9 ! abs5ce ( ,mrs4 ,*alm]s1 :5 he
 _h be5 con/itut$ head nurse1 an eld] & 
a deacon1 on call+ 9 ! ev5+1 f\nd him   
squatt+ on ! floor & play+ at m>bles ) !
 *ildr54  ,& no?+ w\ld s]ve him b t !y  
%\ld jo9 9 ! game4  ,! ev]-w>m affection
 ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s = all ! memb]s ( 8      
family 0 ! m rem>kable t he 0 s rapidly 
ext5d+ ! circle ( 8 fri5ds1 receiv+ s   
mu* notice f ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 & wom5 ( 
! c\ntry1 & c>ry+ on s volum9\s a       
correspond5ce ) _m ( !m4  ,among ^? ^:  
acqua9tance he made 9 8 ,glasg[ p]iod we
 may note a few4  ,!re 0 ,james         
,montgom]y1 ,moravian & poet1 :om he saw
 at ,%effield2 :om he greatly p]plex$ :5
 he told him t :5 at ! ,moravian        
settlem5t ( ,fulneck1 ne> ,le$s1 he _h  
invit$ ! ,scot* lads to ! inn1 & f\nd   
!re 7 no few] ?an 'saxta9 or savanta9 ( 
!m'2 b :om he *>m$ no less by !         
admiration he express$ = ! ,moravian    
missions1 & by 8 und]tak+--:at he m ?an 

fulfill$--to raise ,l#ejj = !m 9 ! c\rse
 ( ! ye>4  ,ano!r new fri5d 0 ,mr4      
,wilb]=ce1 = ^: "*1 tal5ts1 & "w he _h  
unb\nd$ respect1 b :o amaz$ him by !    
s+ul>ity ( 8 movem5ts--'he positively   
danc$ & :isk$ ab\t l a squirrel4'  ,he  
_h an important correspond5ce ) him1    
besee*+ him to support ! repeal ( !     
,corn ,bill1 :i* he held to be ! great  
dang] to ! c\ntry4 ,!re 0 ! ,glad/one   
family at ,liv]pool1 ) :om he 0 greatly 
tak5--,william c\ld !n h be5 b a boy (  
six 7,a4,d4 #ahag74  ,legh ,ri*mond     
visit$ him at ,glasg[1 & ,*alm]s says1  
',i _h mo/ cong5ial talk ) him1 & am    
greatly humbl$ by ! v sup]ior atta9m5ts 
( o!r ,*ri/ians4'  ,:5 ,edw>d ,irv+1 9  
hopeless disappo9tm5t1 0 ab\t to leave !
 c\ntry1 x 0 ,*alm]s t arre/$ him1 hav+ 
=m$ su* an op9ion ( 8 pulpit gifts &    
noble "* t he engag$ him z 8 assi/ant4  
,we h already notic$ "s ( ! fri5ds he   
met :5 engag$ 9 8 poor-law inquiry2 to  
^! we may add ,rob]t ,hall1 ! clev]e/   
man 9 conv]sation he ev] knew1 b        

surpass$ by ,john ,fo/] 9 ! dep? &      
gr&eur ( 8 ?\ghts4  ,) ,mr4 ,mal?us1    
too1 he _h mu* cong5ial conv]se4  ,ab\t 
?is "t he f\nd a close ally 9 ,mr4      
,d\glas1 ! proprietor ( ,cav]s1 :]e he  
_h be5 assi/ant 9 8 y\?1 :o became s    
well kn[n z a ?\ghtful ,*ri/ian writ]1 &
 :o plac$ m ?an "o ,l#ejj 9 8 h&s to    
assi/ him 9 8 s*emes = ,/4 ,john's4     
,among o!r ?+s t ,mr4 ,d\glas ow$ to    
,*alm]s's example & influ5ce 0 ! habit (
 sy/ematic work+4  ,mr4 ,ersk9e (       
,l9la!n 0 ano!r ,scotti% layman = :om he
 _h rem>kable reg>d1 8 spirituality (   
m9d be+ to ,dr4 ,*alm]s mo/ impressive &
 /imulat+4  ,mr4 ,ersk9e's "w on !      
,fre5ess ( ! ,gospel1 ?\gh look$ on     
suspici\sly by "s v or?odox p]sons1 0 to
 ,dr4 ,*alm]s v delightful4 ,aft]w>ds   
,mr4 ,ersk9e adopt$ "s views ) :i* he   
c\ld n sympa?ise4  ,) ,"l & ,lady ,elg9 
he appe>s to h be5 on t]ms ( mo/        
intimate fri5d%ip4 ,mr4 ,colquh\n (     
,kell]mont may be add$ to ! li/ (       
di/+ui%$ ,scotti% fri5ds2 &1 besides ^!1

 !re 7 8 coadjutors 9 ! ,/4 ,john's     
und]tak+1 ! memb]s ( 8 congregation1 &  
ne>ly all ! m5 ( m>k & ,*ri/ian wor? 9 !
 community ( ,glasg[4  ,8 mann] ( life 9
 ,glasg[ 0 z simple & regul> z 0        
possible = "o s full ( occupation & s   
eag]ly s\ght aft] by all sorts ( p4  ,z 
a rule1 ! =5oon 0 set ap>t = read+ &    
composition1 & no "o 0 all[$ to intrude 
on him !n4  ,b sometimes two or ?ree    
rooms w\ld be fill$ ) p]sons wait+ =    
him1 & x 0 rem>k$ t1 h[ev] ov]:elm$1 he 
_h a k9dly smile & greet+ = all4  ,!    
aft]noon 0 devot$ to pa/oral "w2 !n1 if 
possible1 he _h a walk 9 ! ,botanic     
,g>d5s or else:]e2 d9n] 0 at half-pa/   
f\r1 & v (t5 he _h "s public engagem5t 9
 ! ev5+4  ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is busy day he  
f\nd "t to read al\d to 8 wife ,miln]'s 
,*ur* ,hi/ory or "s o!r su* book4  ,8   
hospitality 0 b\ndless4 ,breakfa/1 d9n]1
 tea1 & supp]1 almo/ e day b ,sunday1   
br\ght a succession ( gue/s2 =1 ap>t f 8
 own l>ge circle1 h>dly a /rang] visit$ 
,glasg[ :o did n br+ an introduction1 & 

:om he did n invite to 8 h\se4  ,8      
conv]sation g5]ally 0 s+ul>ly g5ial1    
racy1 & lively2 :oev] 0 9 8 society 0   
*>m$4 ,=mal d9n]-p>ties he held 9 great 
abhorr5ce z a wa/e ( "t & worse1 & v    
seldom did he jo9 !m4 ,= occasional     
recreation1 8 fav\rite resort 0 8 native
 ,fife%ire2 b 9 ! suburbs ( ,glasg[ &   
o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry he _h de> fri5ds )  
:om he delight$ to sp5d an occasional   
day or m4  ,&1 ?\gh no man _h m respect 
= ! poor1 or m pleasure 9 8 int]c\rse ) 
!m1 he _h an especial delight 9 !       
society ( families ( ! highe/ rank1 :5  
ref9em5t 0 bl5d$ ) ,*ri/ian wor?1 & !   
obligations ( high /ation 7             
consci5ti\sly & gracefully fulfill$4    
,mo/ memorable 9 ! hi/ory ( ,glasg[ & 9 
! hi/ory ( ,scotti% ,*ri/ianity 7 !     
eight ye>s ( lab\r sp5t by ,dr4 ,*alm]s 
9 t city4  ,( individual cases (        
conv]sion ! numb] 0 beyond reckon+2     
beg9n+ ) 8 de> fri5d1 ,?omas ,smi?1 &   
end+ ) a ,camla*ie weav]--a reckless    
infidel till ,dr4 ,*alm]s came across   

him1 b won by ! simplicity & e>ne/      
sympa?y :i* he %[$ 9 weekly visits dur+ 
! mon?s :5 he 0 dy+ ( consumption4  ,& !
 circum/ances ( 8 v>i\s conv]ts 7 v     
diff]5t4 ,! ?\ghtless "y (fic]1 :o ent]$
 8 *ur* ) ! cr[d z he w\ld h ent]$ !    
!atre2 ! fa%ionable lady1 ^: curiosity  
l$ h] to he> ! great popul> orator2 !   
busy m]*ant1 ) no ?\ght nor desire      
beyond mat]ial ?+s2 ! aspir+ /ud5t1 b5t 
only on lit]>y di/9ction--ea* p]son1    
arre/$ & br\ght to ,*ri/ by ! =ce ( 8   
appeals1 repres5t$ ! _m classes f among 
:i*1 z ,dr4 ,hanna tells u1 x 0 !       
privilege ( ,*alm]s to ga!r recruits = !
 ,k+dom ( ,heav54  ,b m ?an t3 "u       
,*alm]s ! tide ( public s5tim5t turn$   
decisively to evangelical religion4     
,be=e he came1 evangelical prea*+ _h be5
 look$ on z a comb9ation ( s\r          
fanaticism & weak s5tim5talism2 "u 8    
prea*+ x atta9$ its true rank & glory z 
! v ess5ce ( ! ,gospel message4  ,be=e 8
 "t1 z ! population ( ! city grew f ye> 
to ye>1 ?\s&s _h be5 quietly all[$ to   

fall away f all ,*ri/ian obs]vances1 &  
to =m a community ( paganism1 leav5+ !  
city ) c>elessness & corruption4  ,x 0 8
 p[]ful voice t r\s$ att5tion to ! evil 
& ! dang]1 & organis$ ! ma*9]y be/ fitt$
 to grapple ) x4 ,previ\s to 8 "t1 ev5 !
 mo/ e>ne/ ( ! m9i/]s 9 _! week-day     
m9i/rations _h seldom gone beyond _! own
 congregations1 or ?\ght mu* ( ! c>eless
 & godless families ar\nd !m2 x 0       
,*alm]s t1 by ! emphasis he laid on !   
t]ritorial me?od1 br\ght into op]ation t
 sy/em ( aggression :i* af=ds ! only    
hope ( arre/+ & reclaim+ ! outca/ mass4 
,be=e 8 "t infidelity 0 do+ its deadly  
"w among ! m intellectual & cultivat$   
classes1 & ! _s ( indiff]5ce 0 widely   
spread ev5 :]e a =mal pr(ession (       
religion cont9u$2 x 0 9 a l>ge measure !
 influ5ce ( ,*alm]s t re/or$ a liv+ fai?
 9 ,*ri/ & 9 r$emption1 & ar\s$ conc]n 9
 t class ( society = ! life to come4    
,/ill m rem>kably1 p]haps1 _h ,dr4      
,*alm]s succe$$ 9 inspir+ m5 & wom5 9   
,glasg[1 "y m5 v emphatically1 ) ! _s ( 

,*ri/ian s]vice4 ,8 'ag5cy1' z he call$ 
x1 resembl$ ! foll[]s ( ,saul1 'a b& (  
m5 ^: he>ts ,god _h t\*$4'  ,9 aft] ye>s
 !y =m$ ! v elite ( ! e>ne/ ,*ri/ian    
laym5 ( ! ,we/2 & to ?is day1 ?\gh all (
 !m h pass$ away1 _! f]v\r & devot$ness 
are /ill f\nd 9 "s ( _! *ildr5 &        
*ildr5's *ildr54  ,nor _h he fail$ to   
secure ! e/eem & affection ( ! great    
community ( ,glasg[4  ,!y hon\r$ him    
p]sonally1 & !y 7 pr\d ( 8 greatness &  
fame4 ,!y 7 ready ) _! purses to support
 :atev] s*eme he deem$ x necess>y to set
 on foot4  ,a m atta*$ or w>m-he>t$     
company c\ld n h be5 f\nd any:]e ?an !  
?ree hundr$ & =ty fri5ds :o1 ere he     
left1 sat d[n toge!r at ! l>ge/         
d9n]-p>ty t _h ev] assembl$ 9 ! city 9  
hon\r ( a s+le individual4  ,:y1 !n1 did
 he ab&on ! field :]e 8 lab\rs _h be5 s 
em95tly successful8  ,simply because ^! 
lab\rs _h gr[n to su* multiplicity &    
v>iety z to dem& an exp5diture ( bodily 
& m5tal en]gy t c\ld n be cont9u$4  ,8  
incumb5cy _h la/$ dur+ eight ye>s ( 8   

prime--f ?irty-five to =ty-?ree4        
,happily he _h n be5 pro/rat$ by any    
sev]e illness1 & ! sy/ematic regul>ity (
 8 life1 ) ! att5tion he _h giv5 to     
diet1 sleep1 & ex]cise1 _h kept him f   
break+ d[n4 ,b :o t ?9ks ( all he 0 do+1
 ! problems ) :i* he 0 grappl+1 ! s*emes
 he 0 work+1 ! con/ant dem&s ( ! pulpit1
 ! incessant lab\rs ( ! p>i%1 ! use he 0
 mak+ ( ! press1 ! toil ( 8             
correspond5ce1 am\nt+ on an av]age to   
fifty lett]s a week1 ! p]petual turmoil 
9 :i* he 0 liv+1 amid cr[ds ( visitors1 
& all ! o!r fruits ( unrivall$          
popul>ity1 z well z ! dem&s ( an        
increas+ & gr[+ family1 & 8 desire to   
keep up fri5dly int]c\rse ) 8 bro!rs &  
si/]s--c fail to see t ! indef9ite      
cont9uance ( su* a mode ( life 0 m ?an  
c\ld be ?\ght (8  ,_h x cont9u$ mu*     
long]1 a breakd[n 0 inevitable4  ,v     
pa!tically he wrote to "o ( 8 mo/       
intimate fri5ds1 ,mrs4 ,c\tts1 ( !      
con/ant feel+ ( exhau/ion :i* at times 0
 l to ov]be> him altoge!r4  ,besides1   

,*alm]s 0 com+ to see t ?r\gh ! press   
!re op5$ to him a way ( spread+ 8 views 
& ext5d+ 8 usefulness :i* 0 z full (    
promise z x 0 agreeable to himself4  ,b 
z a m9i/] ( ,glasg[ he c\ld n d ?r\gh ! 
press :at1 ) a little m leisure1 he c\ld
 fairly expect to accompli%4  ,& !n !   
prospect ( an academic *air 0 v         
cong5ial4  ,x _h be5 8 e>lie/ dream :ile
 ! _w 0 all be=e him1 & x _h n yet lo/  
its *>m4  ,! t5acity ( 8 affections 0 v 
rem>kable4  ,t[>ds ! close ( 8 life we  
%all h occasion to note ! long-cont9u$  
vitality ( a /rong b unav[$ atta*m5t :i*
 _h sprung up 9 8 boyhood1 & x is no    
wond] t to su* a nature ! e>ly vision ( 
an academic *air cont9u$ to reta9 its   
brightness & its fasc9ation4  ,once &   
aga9 he _h set x aside :5 x seem$ to be 
)9 8 grasp1 because 8 ,glasg[ exp]im5ts 
& arrangem5ts 7 n ripe en\gh = ! *ange4 
,n[1 :5 ! ,glasg[ "w 0 fairly           
consolidat$2 :5 ! bu/le & pressure (    
,glasg[ life _h become almo/ unbe>able2 
:51 ?r\gh ! press1 ! prospect _h op5$ ( 

impregnat+ n ,glasg[ only1 b ! :ole     
empire ) 8 views2 & :5 8 own ,alma ,mat]
 _h s5t him a unanim\s invitation to    
fill a *air :i* =m$ a connect+-l9k      
betwe5 philosophy & religion1--x is n   
wond]ful t he made up 8 m9d to ! wr5* t 
0 to sev] him f 8 ,glasg[ fri5ds1 &     
resolv$ to accept a *air 9 ! univ]sity )
 :i* 8 e>lie/ memories 7 connect$1 & 9  
:i* he c\ld look =w>d to a c>e] ( peace 
& com=t to himself1 & great usefulness  
to 8 *ur* & c\ntry4                     
,,*apt] ,,iv                            
,,/4 ,,&rews ,,univ]sity                
#ahbc-ahbh   ,on ! #i? ,novemb] #ahbc   
,dr4 ,*alm]s prea*$ 8 f>ewell s]mon at  
,glasg[1 & on ,friday ! #ad? he deliv]$ 
8 introductory lecture at ,/4 ,&rews4   
,he _h n a s+le day ( re/ betwe5 ! toils
 ( ! (fice he laid d[n & ^? ( ! (fice he
 took up4  ,f\r ( 8 mo/ e/eem$ ,glasg[  
fri5ds _h accompani$ him to ,/4 ,&rews 9
 tok5 ( gratitude = ! pa/ & good-w = !  
future4  ,at fir/ ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 alone1 
& = a "t he 0 ! gue/ ( 8 old fri5d1     

,pr(essor ,duncan4 ,x 0 n till ! beg9n+ 
( #ahbd t ,mrs4 ,*alm]s & 8 *ildr5 jo9$ 
him4  ,/4 ,&rews _h be5 famili> to him f
 8 boyhood1 & its hi/orical associations
 _h dawn$ on him gradually1 b ) a firm  
hold1 z su* ?+s usually impress boys4   
,its traditions w5t back to a remote    
antiquity4 ,=dun's leg5d ( ! ,greek     
sa9t1 ,regulus1 be+ ord]$ by ! ,"l to   
c>ry ! bones ( ,/4 ,&rew into !         
'nor?-we/ corn] ( ! e>?1' 0 too obvi\sly
 ! (fspr+ ( sup]/ition to be mu* reg>d$2
 yet x seem$ to indicate t ! ',ea/      
,nook' 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ seats (          
,*ri/ianity 9 ,scotl&4 ,9 pre-,re=mation
 times ,/4 ,&rews _h be5 ! headqu>t]s ( 
! ,roman ,*ur*1 &1 "u successive        
ar*bi%ops1 ,patrick ,hamilton & ,george 
,wi%>t _h be5 burnt at ! /ake = _! noble
 te/imony to ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  
,be=e _! day1 ,pet] ,craw1 a ,bohemian1 
& ?us ( ! same /ock z ! ,moravian ,*ur* 
= :i* ,dr4 ,*alm]s always _h a v special
 reg>d1 & o!r witnesses = ! tru? _h     
p]i%$ 9 ! flames4  ,x 0 "h t ,john ,knox

 fir/ op5$ 8 m\? z a prea*]2 hi!r1 too1 
he retir$ = a "t at ! close ( 8 life1 & 
prea*$ 9 ! *ur* :5 dang] ?reat5$ him 9 !
 metropolis4 ,"h1 also1 ,&rew & ,james  
,melville1 ,rob]t ,rollok1 ,rob]t       
,bruce1 ,rob]t ,blair1 ,samuel ,ru!r=d1 
,?omas ,halyburton1 & _m o!r famili>    
names 9 ! hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1 _h ga!r$   
wisdom z /ud5ts1 or imp>t$ x z          
pr(essors1 or z m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel4  ,! 
fir/ univ]sity 9 ,scotl& _h be5 set up  
at ,/4 ,&rews1 & m5 l ,bu*anan &        
,melville _h made x illu/ri\s by _!     
le>n+4  ,nor 0 x v long s9ce ,*alm]s    
himself _h f\nd ! p[]s ( 8 intellect    
awak5$ z he sat 9 its ma!matical        
class-room4  ,x mu/ h be5 ) no ord9>y   
feel+s t he return$ z a pr(essor to 8   
,alma ,mat]1 & gird$ himself = ! duty ( 
influ5c+ its /ud5ts2 n1 h[ev]1 9 ! _s or
 ) ! aims ( 8 e>ly ye>s1 b "u ! influ5ce
 ( ^? int5se evangelical convictions t1 
twelve ye>s be=e1 _h revolutionis$ 8    
s\l4  ,dur+ ! fir/ session1 9 prep>+ 8  
lectures1 he 0 truly f h& to m\?2 to be 

b a few days 9 advance ( ! "t = _!      
deliv]y 0 all t he c\ld a*ieve4 ,8      
second session1 #ahbd-be1 0 reg>d$ z !  
mo/ brilliant 9 8 academic c>e]4  ,!    
numb] ( /ud5ts 0 m ?an d\ble :at x _h   
ev] be5 9 =m] ye>s1 & ! en?usiasm 0     
int5se4  ,*alm]s 0 well aw>e ( ! fe>    
ent]ta9$ 9 "s qu>t]s t1 amid ! blaze ( 8
 popul> eloqu5ce1 he w\ld n be able to  
atta9 to an academic level 9 ! m solid  
qualities ( ?9k+ & exposition ( ?\ght1  
appropriate to a univ]sity4  ,b 9 po9t (
 fact !re 0 m ?an en\gh ( solid ?\ght & 
+5i\s speculation 9 8 lectures to d away
 ) any su* impression4  ,eloqu5t !y (t5 
71 nor did he scorn ! aid ( imag9ation &
 illu/ration 9 h&l+ ! topics ( 8 c\rse2 
b 8 ma9 object 0 to ex]cise ! m9ds ( 8  
/ud5ts1 & to set !m ?9k+ ^u 8 !mes4  ,at
 ! v outset1 he disabus$ 8 class ( !    
idea t moral philosophy 0 ! same z m5tal
 philosophy4 ,moral philosophy 0 !      
sci5ce ( e?ics1 ! sci5ce ( duty1 &1 9 8 
view1 x ought to embrace duty 9 all its 
relations1 & to make use ( all ! light t

 c\ld be br\ght to be> on t high !me4   
,9 p>ticul>--& "h 0 ! peculi> feature ( 
8 c\rse--he desir$ to make ! fulle/ use 
( :at _h be5 communicat$ on ?is subject 
by sup]natural revelation4  ,he ju/ifi$ 
?is me?od ( proce$+ by an illu/ration4  
,if natural philosophy 7 divid$ into two
 c\rses1 & if "o ( !m %\ld relate to    
t]re/rial objects & su* p>ts ( a/ronomy 
z might be prosecut$ )\t ! telescope1 x 
w\ld be /range inde$ 7 ! pr(essor to    
make no allusion to t in/rum5t1 & to    
ignore1 or ev5 repudiate1 all ! light   
:i* x ?rew on ! g5]al s*eme ( ?+s4  ,s  
also1 9 inve/igat+ ! sci5ce ( e?ics1 x  
w\ld be an extraord9>y ?+ if no use 7   
made ( ! ,*ri/ian ,revelation1 suppos+ t
 its au!nticity c\ld be e/abli%$ z a    
revelation f heav54  ,natural !ology    
w\ld =m an important bran* ( 8 subject2 
b1 9 its v nature1 natural !ology 0 an  
incomplete & inadequate sci5ce4  ,foll[+
 ! light ( nature1 x prov$ !            
insuffici5cy ( t light2 x creat$ ! ?ir/ 
& ! long+ = m light ?an x c\ld itself   

supply4  ,?is fur!r light revelation    
br\ght 94  ,he held moral philosophy to 
be ! /udy t ought imm$iately to prec$e t
 ( !ology2 )\t !ology x 0 incomplete4   
,x w\ld be no "p ( 8 c\rse to set =? at 
full l5g? ! evid5ces = ! ,*ri/ian       
,revelation1 b he w\ld give a g5]al view
 ( !m2 he w\ld %[ at lea/ t !re 0 a     
prima facie presumption 9 fav\r ( !     
div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity2 &1 !re=e1 t x
 0 consi/5t ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,baconian 
philosophy to make use ( its light 9    
deal+ ) ! great que/ions ( moral        
obligation4  ,9 fact1 ,*alm]s 9 ?is     
matt] took gr\nd precisely opposite to t
 m rec5tly tak5 by "o ( 8 c\ntrym5--!   
munific5t f\nd] ( ! ,gif=d ,lectures4   
,accord+ to ,gif=d1 x becomes u to      
inve/igate ! :ole subject ( natural     
!ology & moral obligation )\t ! slighte/
 ref]5ce to any alleg$ sup]natural      
revelation4 ,?is he held to be ! s\nd1  
imp>tial1 unprejudic$ c\rse ( true      
philosophy1 & ! be/ way ( atta9+ to     
simple1 absolute tru?4  ,9 ! view (     

o!rs1 ?is is l ! act ( a man bl9dfold+  
himself be=e ent]+ on a difficult       
inve/igation2 or ( a man walk+ 9 sp>ks (
 8 own k9dl+1 :ile1 if he *ose1 he might
 be at "w "u ! bright influ5ce (        
electric light4  ,"o might h ?\ght t1   
aft] f9i%+ 8 fir/ c\rse at ,/4 ,&rews1  
,*alm]s w\ld h held himself entitl$ to a
 long re/4  ,b z soon z ! session 0     
end$1 he set himself1 dur+ ! =tnight t  
int]v5$1 to prep>e = ! ,g5]al ,assembly4
  ,! "q ( pluralities1 ! "q ( paup]ism1 
& ! "q ( ! am\nt ( "t to be sp5t by     
/ud5ts 9 !ological /udy 7 to be be=e !  
h\se1 & ,*alm]s 0 int]e/$ 9 all4  ,on "o
 ( ^! occasions he came into collision )
 ,dr4 ,+lis1 ! lead] ( ! ,assembly2 b1  
ev5 on a po9t ( ord]1 ,*alm]s 0 equal to
 him1 & 9 a division1 he c>ri$ 8 motion4
  ,at ! close ( ! ,assembly1 on !       
invitation ( ,mr4 ,leon>d ,horn]1 he    
took "p 9 a meet+ 9 ,ed9burgh on behalf 
( a !n infant in/itution--! ,s*ool (    
,arts4 ,! motion :i* he made on t       
occasion 0 second$ by ,sir ,walt]       

,scott4 ,?is 0 ! only occasion on :i* ^!
 two em95t m5 appe>$ on ! same plat=m & 
7 associat$ 9 ! same "w4  ,! ,assembly  
is pa/1 b ! "t ( re/ has n yet come4    
,dr4 ,*alm]s hurries back to ,glasg[4   
,n[ t he has got brea?+-"t1 8 he>t      
returns to ! great exp]im5t :i* he _h   
begun !re1 & an unre/ra9able eag]ness   
takes possession ( him to help x on4  ,!
 next six weeks are sp5t 9 incessant    
lab\r 9 ! old field4  ,9 look+ back on  
?is p]iod he rem>k$ 9 8 peculi>         
phraseology1 ',i ?9k t ,i nev] sp5t a   
season ( m cr[d$ occupancy4'  ,on 8 way 
to ,glasg[ he took ,p]?1 :]e he prea*$ a
 mission>y s]mon on a week-day1 !       
collection am\nt+ to ,l#ha1 #hs4  ,9    
,glasg[ he prea*$ /eadily 9 ! *apel (   
ease1 & he _h ! great satisfaction1 ?\gh
 ( c\rse x 0 b a tempor>y "o1 ( add+ f\r
 hundr$ to ! sitt+s let1 no d\bt to     
accommodate ! _m p]sons :o 7 b5t on he>+
 him dur+ ! few weeks ( 8 /ay4  ,dur+ ^!
 six weeks he prea*$ t5 times 9 ! *apel1
 writ+ all ! lectures1 & app>5tly !     

s]mons too--sev5 ( 8 texts be+ f !      
,epi/le to ! ,romans1 "p ( ! exposition 
aft]w>ds publi%$4  ,ap>t f spiritual    
impulse & spiritual fruit1 8 six weeks 9
 ,glasg[ b5efit$ ! *apel to ! tune (    
,l#bjj4  ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 incessant public 
"w he contriv$ to write to 8 wife a full
 j\rnal ( all 8 proce$+s1 & he gave h]  
mo/ explicit in/ructions to give !      
*ildr5 a fea/ ( /rawb]ries on ! arrival 
( ea* lett]1 & to let !m "k t !y 7 f    
him4  ,) all 8 greatness & eloqu5ce1 x  
is amus+ to f9d him %[+ t n]v\sness 9 ! 
prospect ( a spee* at a public d9n] :i* 
b few m5 h be5 able to ov]come4  ',x    
kept me anxi\s all day4'  ,"o is rem9d$ 
( ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 :o c\ld h>dly eat  
any?+ at public d9n]s :5 a spee* 0      
=?com+1 b sat 9 mis]y1 crumbl+ 8 bread4 
',"o t\* ( nature makes ! :ole _w k94'  
,a s\rce ( great] tr\ble & annoyance    
arose aft] 8 ,glasg[ visit 9 connection 
) a promise to deliv] a mission>y s]mon 
at ,/ockton1 ne> ,man*e/]4  ,aft] 8     
arrival1 he f\nd t an adv]tisem5t _h be5

 issu$ f :i* x appe>$ t ! s]mon w\ld    
come 9 z a sort ( int]lude 9 a va/      
musical ent]ta9m5t1 9 :i* an or*e/ra (  
at lea/ a hundr$ p]sons1 support$ by    
drums1 trumpets1 bassoon1 organ1 s]p5ts1
 viol9s )\t numb]1 violoncellos1 bass   
viols1 flutes1 & hautboys w\ld take "p4 
,*alm]s 0 mo/ indignant4  ,he felt x an 
affront to himself1 to be /uck up l a   
m\ntebank1 z if he _h come to help 9 !  
ent]ta9m5t ( a pleasure-seek+ audi5ce4  
,b n less did he feel x a pro/itution ( 
8 (fice1 z if ! ,ambassador ( ,heav51   
deal+ ) m5 on _! /ate be=e ,god & _! ne$
 ( reconciliation1 7 to be mix$ up ) su*
 a clatt]4 ,he 0 on ! v]ge ( refus+ to  
prea* at all4  ,b rememb]+ 8 promise1 he
 compromis$ ! matt] by refus+ to appe>  
except at ! "t :5 8 s]mon 0 deliv]$4 ',i
 /opp$ 9 ! m9i/]'s room till x 0 all    
ov]4  ,w5t to ! pulpit1 pray$1 prea*$1  
retir$ dur+ ! "t ( ! collection1 & aga9 
pray$4  ,be=e ,i left my own private    
room1 !y fell too aga91 ) mo/ trem5d\s  
fury1 & ! like/ ?+ to x :i* ,i recollect

 is a great milit>y b& on ! ,ca/le ,hill
 ( ,ed9burgh4'  ,9 spite ( all1 !       
collection exce$$ ,l#djj4  ,9 tell+ !   
/ory1 z he (t5 did to 8 fri5ds1 he said 
t !y h>dly let him alone ev5 :ile he 0  
prea*+2 '! fell[s 7 tun+ _! trombones 9 
my v e>4'  ,novemb] #ahbe f\nd him aga9 
at 8 "w 9 ,/4 ,&rews1 ) a bett] prep>$  
c\rse1 & a v num]\s class4  ,not)/&+ !  
lab\rs ( ! recess1 no symptom (         
exhau/ion appe>$2 on ! contr>y1 he seem$
 to ?ir/ = fur!r lab\r1 & :]eas !       
subject ( political economy _h be5      
consid]$ to fall to ! pr(essor ( moral  
philosophy1 he intimat$ t 9 ! foll[+    
session he w\ld make political economy !
 subject ( a sep>ate c\rse4  ,a num]\s  
class 0 enroll$1 b in/ead ( tea*+ !     
subject by lectures1 he treat$ x by     
means ( a text-book4  ,! text-book 0    
,dr4 ,adam ,smi?'s ,weal? ( ,nations1 on
 portions ( :i* ! /ud5ts 7 exam9$1 !    
pr(essor occasionally add+ explanations 
or little diss]tations ( 8 own1 or      
ref]r+ to m mod]n books :i* gave ! late/

 aspects ( ! subject4  ,x %\ld be add$ t
 ,dr4 ,*alm]s always op5$ 8 class )     
pray]4  ,?is 0 an innovation 9 a class (
 philosophy4  ,! pray]s 7 %ort & pi?y1  
(t5 be>+ on ! subject ( ! prec$+        
lecture1 & ! language 0 (t5 felicit\s1 &
 ev5 sublime4  ,( ! l quality 7 ! pray]s
 he (f]$ :5 he became a pr(essor (      
div9ity4 ,_m ( ^! w be f\nd 9 !         
,in/itutes ( ,!ology4  ,b at ,/4 ,&rews 
he 0 v f> f conf9+ himself to academic  
lab\rs4  ,he c\ld n look r\nd him )\t   
feel+ t1 small ?\gh ! t[n 01 x 0 n less 
9 ne$ ?an cr[d$ ,glasg[ ( ef=ts to      
dispel its spiritual d>kness1 & awak5 "y
 & old to ! ?+s ( et]nity4 ,! place _h  
fall5 f its high e/ate2 x 0 no long] l !
 ,/4 ,&rews ( ^? days :51 fragrant )    
m>tyr memories1 x =m$ "o ( ! *ief c5tres
 ( evangelical influ5ce 9 ,scotl&4 ,!   
fir/ =m ( pa/oral activity to :i* ,dr4  
,*alm]s betook himself 0 t ( a          
,sabba?-s*ool tea*]4  ,z soon z he _h   
leisure aft] ! fir/ session1 he m>k$ out
 = himself a di/rict ( ! t[n 9 !        

neighb\rhood ( 8 h\se1 visit$ !         
families1 & invit$ ! *ildr5 to att5d a  
class ( 8 own on ! ,sunday ev5+s4  ,= t 
class he made z c>eful1 ?\gh n z        
elaborate1 prep>ations z = 8 /ud5ts 9 ! 
univ]sity4  ,by & by x increas$ to r    
burd5some size4  ,mean:ile1 ano!r class 
( "y p]sons engag$ 8 att5tion1 & !      
,sabba? s*ool 0 h&$ ov] to o!rs4 ,x _h  
be5 sugge/$ to him t great good w\ld    
result f a /ud5ts' class1 f ga!r+       
toge!r1 on ,tuesday ev5+s1 su* /ud5ts z 
desir$ to receive f him religi\s        
in/ruction ( ! same k9d z !y _h be5     
accu/om$ to receive 9 _! fa!rs' h\ses   
be=e !y came to college4  ,! fir/ w9t] (
 ?is meet+1 five /ud5ts came = !        
purpose4 ,*alm]s in/ruct$ !m & dealt )  
!m1 gave !m books = ,sabba? read+1      
exam9+ !m z to _! cont5ts1 & at ! same  
"t tak+ a book ( 8 own1 ,scripture      
,ref]5ces1 z a k9d ( doctr9al text-book 
( 8 expositions & exam9ations4  ,next   
ye>1 ! numb] 0 ab\t a doz54  ,9 ! ?ird  
ye>1 ! numb] became s great t 8 d9+-room

 0 cr[d$ ) /ud5ts4  ,"o ( !m rem>k$     
aft]w>ds t !y le>n$ m ( ,*ri/ian e?ics  
at ^! meet+s ?an f all 8 class-room     
lectures on moral philosophy4  ,9 "s    
in/ances1 ! fruit ( ^! meet+s 0 v       
rem>kable4 ,accord+ to ! te/imony ( ,dr4
 ,duff1 :o 0 "o ( ,*alm]s's "y m51 !    
/ud5ts ( ,/4 ,&rews1 previ\s to 8 com+1 
7 a godless lot4  ,to make a pr(ession (
 piety 0 to incur univ]sal d]ision4 ,nor
 7 ! div9ity /ud5ts mu* bett]2 "s ( !m1 
inde$1 7 m notori\s ?an o!r /ud5ts =    
impiety1 immorality1 & riot\s revell+s4 
,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 ! in/rum5t ( a great     
revival4  ,9 #ahbc-bd1 "s ( ! /ud5ts =m$
 !mselves into a mission>y society1 :i* 
held meet+s next session 9 ! room ( a   
rem>kable man1 ,john ,urquh>t1 "o ( ^?  
sa9tly y\?s ^: e>ly dea? puts an end to 
! b\ndless promise ( _! /ud5t c>e]s4    
,dr4 ,*alm]s _h already become presid5t 
( a mission>y society1 embrac+ diff]5t  
d5om9ations4 ,at ! mon?ly meet+s ( ?is  
society1 :i* became s l>ge t !y _h soon 
to be held 9 ! ,t[n ,hall1 he gave      

addresses on mission>y topics1 n only   
communicat+ in=mation1 b also press+ !  
motives & enc\ragem5ts to mission>y     
ef=t1 answ]+ objections1 & ga!r+ f !    
reports on ! /ate ( ! hea!n             
confirmations ( ,scripture1 & evid5ces (
 ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,a       
univ]sity mission>y society _h n[ become
 possible1 & its c>e] began 9 #ahbe-bf  
"u m fav\rable conditions ?an c\ld h be5
 look$ =4  ,! bless+ ( ,god re/$ on x1 =
 x furni%$ "s ( ! fir/ & noble/         
mission>ies t ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& s5t into
 ! =eign field4  ,! fir/ 0 ! ,rev4      
,rob]t ,nesbit1 :o sp5t _m labori\s &   
effective ye>s at ,bombay4  ,be=e ,dr4  
,*alm]s left ,/4 ,&rews1 ano!r ( 8      
/ud5ts1 ,mr4 ,adams1 _h begun 8         
mission>y c>e]4  ,9 #ahbi1 ,*alm]s      
presid$ at ! ord9ation ( ,alex&] ,duff1 
n[ "o ( ! brighte/ names 9 ! record (   
missions4  ,! ,rev4 ,a4 ,mackay & !     
,rev4 ,david ,ew>t foll[$1 & ,john      
,urquh>t 0 prep>+ to g :5 illness & dea?
 arre/$ 8 c>e]4  ,a m beautiful or      

promis+ spr+time ( mission>y activity   
c\ld h>dly be imag9$4  ,& ! same c\rse t
 _h ?us be5 begun at ,/4 ,&rews 0 also  
be+ foll[$ 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,on #bg?        
,decemb] #ahbe1 ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity  
,mission>y ,association 0 f\nd$1 *iefly 
?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,john ,wilson1       
aft]w>ds s well kn[n z ,dr4 ,wilson (   
,bombay4  ,*alm]s has sometimes be5     
call$ a man ( "o idea1 & 9 "s m9ds !    
notion got hold t all 8 int]e/ 0 9 home 
missions1 & t he look$ ) comp>ative     
indiff]5ce on =eign4  ,x w\ld be m      
correct to say t he 0 a man ( all mann] 
( ideas1 b t he work$ out only "o idea  
at a "t4  ,9 t l>ge he>t !re 0 room n   
only = ! welf>e ( ,scotl&1 b ( ! :ole _w
 too4  ,8 id5tification ( himself ) !   
mission>y cause1 at a "t :5 _m d]id$ x1 
0 an act ( high moral c\rage4  ,s 0     
ano!r act1 8 tak+ sitt+s = 8 family 9 ! 
diss5t+ *apels1 t !y might be n\ri%$ )  
evangelical food1 n !n to be obta9$ 9 ! 
,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,occasionally he w\ld  
att5d ^! *apels himself1 bo? on ,sundays

 & week-days2 n disda9+ ! devotional    
s]vices ( a pi\s me*anic at !           
pray]-meet+1 & d]iv+ f> m help !refrom  
?an f ! dre>y m9i/rations ei!r ( ! t[n  
*ur* or t ( ! college4  ,9 "o respect   
,dr4 ,*alm]s's c\rse did n run smoo?ly  
at ,/4 ,&rews4  ,he got into logg]heads 
) 8 colleagues on ! subject ( college   
f9ance4  ,9 deal+ ) ! funds ( ! college1
 x _h be5 ! practice ( ! ,s5atus to lay 
aside a c]ta9 am\nt = g5]al exp5ses1 &  
to divide ! balance z a supplem5tal     
sal>y among ! diff]5t pr(essors4        
,*alm]s 0 n cle> t ?is 0 a legitimate   
c\rse1 & = "s ye>s he refus$ to receive 
8 %>e ( ! supplem5tal fund1 :i*         
accord+ly accumulat$ until x am\nt$ to  
"s ,l#gjj4  ,reflect+ z ?is refusal did1
 or 0 suppos$ to d1 on ! hone/y ( 8     
colleagues1 x gave him m pa9 ?an any o!r
 public duty he 0 ev] call$ to p]=m4    
,aft] he _h left ,/4 ,&rews1 ! univ]sity
 commission]s hav+ look$ into ! matt]1  
record$ x z _! judgm5t t !re 0 no good  
reason :y he %\ld n accept ( ! sum /&+  

at 8 cr$it2 & z ,dr4 ,*alm]s _h desir$  
only t ! matt] %\ld be settl$ by        
compet5t au?ority1 he accept$ ! money4  
,b no?+ c\ld exce$ 8 surprise &         
indignation :5 he f\nd1 9 ! publi%$     
report ( ! commission]s 9 #ahca1 a      
/atem5t t '! pr9cipal & pr(essors appe> 
to h made ^! appropriations )\t any     
au?ority4'  ,9 a lett] address$ to !    
commission]s1 & publi%$ 9 #ahcb1 aft]   
quot+ _! judgm5t 9 8 own case1 he said  
he c\ld n div9e :at !y really ?\ght ( ^!
 appropriations--:e!r !y 7 hone/ or     
fraudul5t4  ',if y ?9k !m wrong1 h[ is x
 t to me y h call$ ! evil good8  ,if "r1
 h[ is x t to y\r ,sov]eign y h call$ ! 
good evil8'  ,dur+ 8 five ye>s'         
incumb5cy 9 ,/4 ,&rews1 he issu$ two    
volumes f ! press4  ,! fir/ 0 ! ?ird &  
conclud+ volume ( ,! ,*ri/ian & ,civic  
,economy ( ,l>ge ,t[ns4  ,among ! topics
 embrac$ 9 ?is volume 7 ! ,poor-,laws & 
! ,comb9ation-,laws4  ,! p>ticul> aspect
 ( ! ,poor-,laws ) :i* he dealt1 & :i*  
he mo/ ?or\ghly condemn$1 0 !           

application ( ! poor-rates1 z 9 ,engl&1 
to supplem5t ! wages ( ill-paid lab\r]s4
  ,?\gh k9dly meant1 ?is arrangem5t1 he 
held1 0 an invasion ( ! relation betwe5 
ma/] & m5 s ru9\s1 & involv$ a b\nty to 
! ma/]s s unju/1 t no tol]ation ought to
 be f\nd = x4  ,?is 0 also ! g5]al      
op9ion2 & ! practice 0 discont9u$ by    
law4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,*alm]s's         
biograph]1 8 exposure ( ! practice =m$ a
 p[]ful contribution t[>ds its removal4 
,9 reg>d to ! ,comb9ation-,laws1 :i*    
impos$ sev]e & /r+5t p5alties on any    
unit$ movem5ts ( workm5 = increas+ _!   
wages1 a bill = repeal+ !m _h be5       
introduc$ & c>ri$ by ,mr4 ,huskisson1 ^:
 ef=ts to free indu/ry f ! fett]s (     
,protection 7 hail$ by ,dr4 ,*alm]s )   
great delight4  ,un=tunately1 ! c>ry+ ( 
?is measure into law 0 accompani$ by    
c]ta9 deplorable excesses on ! "p ( "s  
classes ( workm51 :o did n und]/& h[ to 
use _! new-f\nd lib]ty4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s   
/rongly upheld ! righte\sness ( ! repeal
 ( ! old laws1 ma9ly on ! gr\nd t we    

ought n to manufacture crime out ( acts 
7su* z workm5's comb9ations7 :i* !      
natural consci5ce does n condemn4  ,b ) 
equal firmness he d5\nc$ any int]f]5ce )
 ! fre$om ( lab\r1 especially :5 m5 on  
/rike co]c$ & p]secut$ ^? t might be    
will+ to "w4  ,! exp]i5ce ( sev5ty ye>s 
has n mat]ially *ang$ ! position4       
',/rike1 if y please1' is ! voice (     
reason & ju/ice to workm52 'b leave ^?  
:o d n concur ) y at p]fect fre$om to d 
z !y please4'  ,! o!r publication ( ?is 
p]iod 0 a book on ,lit]>y &             
,ecclesia/ical ,end[m5ts4  ,x 0 devot$  
*iefly to ! case ( ! ,scotti%           
univ]sities4  ,among ! re=ms :i* he     
advocat$1 a =emo/ place 0 giv5 to !     
rais+ ( ! /&>d ( s*ol>%ip = ^? jo9+ !   
univ]sity4  ,?\gh app>5tly disreg>d$ at 
! "t1 x 0 se51 :5ev] s]i\s att5tion     
began to be giv5 to ! /ate ( our        
univ]sities1 t ?is 0 inde$ ! mo/        
important *ange to beg9 )4  ,:at ,dr4   
,*alm]s propos$ 01 t an entrance        
exam9ation %\ld be in/itut$1 & t a      

gymnasium1 or1 z we n[ call x1 a        
second>y s*ool1 %\ld be atta*$ to ea* ( 
! univ]sities1 = in/ruction t w\ld      
qualify = ! entrance exam9ation4 ,mod]n 
op9ion has s f> transc5d$ ! mode/       
proposal ( ,*alm]s1 t in/ead ( a        
prep>atory s*ool 9 ea* univ]sity seat1 !
 dem& is n[ = adequate second>y s*ools  
scatt]$ ov] all ! l&4  ,x 0 a v cong5ial
 ?+ = ,*alm]s to advocate 9 ?is way !   
elevation & ample equipm5t ( our        
univ]sities4  ,8 old love ( sci5ce &    
g5]al culture _h nev] di$ 9 him1 al?\gh 
he _h le>n$ to give !m a second>y place1
 & to feel pr(\ndly t ! fir/ duty & !   
*ief int]e/ ( man conc]n$ 8 relation to 
! great ,god1 )\t :om no?+ c\ld be      
great1 no?+ /rong4  ,b ! _s ( ,*alm]s 0 
/irr$ )9 him z (t5 z he ?\ght ( ! great 
lead]s ( sci5ce1 & _! spl5did a*ievem5ts
 9 a/ronomy & 9 o!r dep>tm5ts4  ,! v "n 
( ,newton s5t a ?rill ?r\gh e fibre ( 8 
be+1 & r\s$ ! desire to foll[ 9 8 /eps1 
z well z to see e y\? ar\nd him inspir$ 
by 8 _s1 & by all t 0 noble 9 8 example4

  ,speak+ ( ! univ]sities ( ,engl&1 :i* 
7 m successful ?an ! ,scotti% 9         
cultivat+ p>ticul> bran*es1 b gave less 
complete att5tion to le>n+ z a :ole1 he 
said1 ',we _c conclude ?is pass+ notice 
( ! univ]sities ( ,engl& )\t ! m5tion ( 
h[ mu* !y are ennobl$ by ^? great ma/]  
spirits--^? m5 ( might & high           
a*ievem5t--! ,newtons1 & ! ,miltons1 & !
 ,dryd5s1 & ! ,b>r[s1 & ! ,addisons1 & !
 ,butl]s1 & ! ,cl>kes1 & ! ,/ill+fleets1
 & ! ,u%]s1 & ! ,foxes1 & ! ,pitts &    
,johnsons1 :o )9 _! attic retreats      
receiv$ t fir/ awak5+ :i* aft]w>ds exp&$
 into ! aspirations & triumphs ( l(tie/ 
g5ius4  ,?is is ! true h]aldry (        
colleges4  ,_! family hon\r is built on 
! pr[ess ( sons1 n ! greatness (        
ance/ors4'   ,x rema9s = u to take a    
glance at "s ( ! m miscellane\s         
engagem5ts ( ,*alm]s dur+ ?is p]iod1    
includ+ 8 j\rneys1 8 spee*es 9 public1 !
 new fri5d%ips he =m$1 8 spiritual      
progress1 & 8 lett]s to 8 family &      
fri5ds4  ,9 ! autumn ( #ahbf1 aft] 8 h>d

 "w 9 ,glasg[1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s treat$      
himself to ! r>e luxury ( a ramble 9 !  
s\? ( ,scotl&4 ,! "* ( ! man 0 s+ul>ly  
%[n 9 ! objects t attract$ him z he     
proce$$ f place to place4  ,9 !         
neighb\rhood ( ,kelso1 he /opp$ 8 gig   
opposite ,roxburgh ,ca/le1 & runn+ up to
 x1 fea/$ 8 eyes1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ra91 on
 an old-rememb]$ sc5e--'"o ( ! mo/      
glori\s panoramas ,i ev] beheld1 :]e !  
bl5d$ beauties ( ,teviot & ,twe$ 7      
conc5tr$ ^u ! environs ( ,kelso & !     
,palace ( ,fleurs1 ) ! seats &          
plantations ( o!r gr&ees4'  ,b x 0      
places ) an hi/orical association t *>m$
 him mo/4  ,! *ur* ( ,anwo?1 ,samuel    
,ru!r=d's e>ly home1 greatly delight$   
him4 ,! *ur*1 :i* 0 l t ( ,kilmany1 b   
small]1 /ill rema9$1 b a new "o 0 9     
c\rse ( erection2 ! manse _h j be5 pull$
 d[n4  ,sir ,walt] ,scott c\ld n h m    
emphatically d5\nc$ su* ,go?icism1 & !  
s\l ( ,*alm]s sympa?is$ deeply ) "s ( ! 
masons t _h refus$ to p]petrate ! b>b>ic
 act1 & _h be5 dismiss$ f _! occupation 

9 consequ5ce4 ,to see ,ru!r=d's         
'witnesses1' he w5t up among ! hills &  
inspect$ ! /ones :i* he once call$ to   
witness aga9/ "s ( 8 p>i%ion]s :o 7     
indulg+ 9 amusem5t on ! ,sunday4  ,n    
less en?usia/ic 0 he at ,kirkmabreck1   
:]e ,dr4 ,?omas ,br[n1 ! son ( ! m9i/]1 
0 buri$4  ,at ,dumfries he visit$ ,mrs4 
,burns1 ! wid[ ( ! poet1 ) :om he _h a  
pleasant conv]sation1 & :om he 0 pleas$ 
to see s com=table4 ,among ! g5tlem5 ^: 
acqua9tance he made 0 ,mr4 ,cunn+hame ( 
,la9%aw1 a well-kn[n writ] on prophecy1 
& ,mr4 ,bu*an ( ,kelloe1 9 ,b]wick%ire1 
^: h\se 0 'j delici\s4'  ,:5 ! panorama 
( ,b]wick%ire sudd5ly bur/ on him1 he 0 
ov]:elm$4 ,p]haps :at /rikes "o mo/ 9 8 
acc\nt ( ?is & o!r j\rneys is 8 read9ess
 to be pleas$1 8 p[] ( f9d+ enjoym5t 9  
ev]y?+4  ,!re is n a s+le cynical rem>k 
9 all 8 n>rative1 n a fl\t1 nor a       
grumble1 nor a bitt] ^w2 he is always   
happy4  ,9 ,may #ahbg he w5t to ,london 
to op5 ! new *ur* ( ,mr4 ,irv+ 9 ,reg5t 
,squ>e4  ,?is took place on a ,friday2 !

 pray] :i* ,mr4 ,irv+ (f]$ 0 =ty m9utes 
9 l5g?1 & x 0 an h\r & a half ere       
,*alm]s 0 all[$ to beg94  ,he prea*$    
aga9 on ! ,sunday1 ! cr[d compris+ ,mr4 
,peel1 ,"l ,bexley1 ,"l ,f>nham1 ,"l    
,m&eville1 ,mr4 ,col]idge1 & _m o!r     
notables4  ,at ?is "t he made !         
acqua9tance ( ,mr4 ,col]idge1 ) :om he  
sp5t ?ree h\rs at ! ,gillmans' h\se 9   
,highgate2 b :ile he m>vell$ at ! fl[ ( 
conv]sation1 he said he c\ld only cat*  
occasional glimpses ( :at he w\ld be at4
  ,he _h a pleasant talk 9 ! ,h\se (    
,commons ) ,mr4 ,peel1 :o %[$ a great   
int]e/ 9 8 views on paup]ism1 ! college 
commission1 & likewise 9 8 s]mons1 all (
 :i* he said he _h read4  ,he _h "s     
int]c\rse ) ,macaulay1 & he>d ,br\gham2 
saw also ,sir ,francis ,burdett 7fa!r ( 
,lady ,burdett-,c\tts71 a conspicu\s    
radical politician ( ! day4  ,among home
 fri5ds1 ,*alm]s rema9$ z simple1       
unsophi/icat$1 & k9dly z be=e4  ',( all 
m51' said ,mrs4 ,grant ( ,laggan at ?is 
"t1 'he is ! mo/ mode/1 & speaks )      

undisguis$ g5tl5ess & lib]ality ( ^? :o 
diff] f him 9 op9ion4  ,e ^w he says has
 ! /amp ( g5ius2 yet ! calmness1 ease1 &
 simplicity ( 8 conv]sation is su*1 t to
 ord9>y m9ds he might appe> an ord9>y   
man4444  ,he is always p[]ful1 always   
g5tle1 & always seem$ q unconsci\s ( 8  
own sup]iority4'  ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,mrs4
 ,grant receiv$ a visit f h] fri5d1 ,sir
 ,walt] ,scott1 & x is int]e/+ to obs]ve
 ! resemblance %e saw betwe5 ! two m54  
',8 good-nature1 good-hum\r1 &          
simplicity are truly *>m+4  ,y nev] once
 ?9k ( 8 sup]iority1 because x is evid5t
 he does n ?9k ( x himself4  ,he1 too1  
confirm$ ! maxim t true g5ius is ev]    
mode/ & c>eless4'  ,9 ! autumn ( ! same 
ye> he paid 8 fir/ visit to ,irel&4  ,he
 _h be5 ask$ to prea*1 & cr[ds z usual  
?rong$ to he> him4  ,he 0 greatly       
int]e/$ 9 ! ,giant's ,causeway & !      
surr\nd+ sc5]y1 & seems to h reli%$ !   
new aspect ( "* :i* ,irel& furni%$4  ,b 
! place :i* _h ! deepe/ int]e/ = him 0  
,gracehill1 a ,moravian settlem5t1 :]e 8

 wife _h be5 educat$1 & 9 ! cemet]y (   
:i* 0 ! tomb ( h] "m4  ,to be on ! spot 
:]e 8 "m-9-law1 :om he _h nev] se51     
dep>t$ ?is life2 to conv]se ) !         
physician t _h att5d$ h] 9 h] la/ h\rs2 
& to walk ?r\gh ! s*ool-h\se :]e 8 wife 
_h receiv$ h] education1 ?rill$ 8       
susceptible nature2 x 0 ) reluctance t  
he tore himself f ^! 'b[]s ( sacr$ness4'
  ,we c h>dly conceive a w>m] or m      
delicate tribute to 8 wife1 or a cle>]  
evid5ce ( 8 affection = h] & h] family4 
,we h already adv]t$ to "s ( 8          
appe>ances 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 b to ^!
 we mu/ n[ add a rem>kable plead+1 9    
#ahbh1 9 fav\r ( ! repeal ( ! ,te/ &    
,corporation ,acts4  ,! royal ass5t _h j
 be5 giv5 to a bill repeal+ ^! ,acts1 b 
s vital did ! matt] appe> to ,dr4       
,*alm]s1 t he propos$ t ! ,assembly %\ld
 pres5t a humble ,address to 8 ,maje/y1 
express+ its satisfaction t x 0 no long]
 requisite to take ! sacram5t z a       
qualification = civil (fice4  ,9 8 spee*
 he comp>$ ! old law1 view$ z a buttress

 to ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 to ^? wood5 props
 :i* "o sometimes sees lean+ obliquely  
aga9/ ! walls ( a h\se1--creat+ !       
impression t :5 a h\se ne$s su* props1 x
 is "o ( ! crazie/ 9 ! /reet4  ,yet he 0
 c>eful to affirm 8 high reg>d = an     
e/abli%$ *ur* 9 itself1 ap>t f su*      
mis]able buttresses4  ,8 motion 0 lo/ by
 #abc votes to #gg1 b 9 _s ! ,assembly  
agre$ ) him4  ,z he 0 mak+ 8 spee*1 8   
eye met t ( ,edw>d ,irv+1 :o 0 sitt+    
opposite him1 & :o 0 wild on ! opposite 
side4  ,irv+ 0 !n deliv]+ lectures on   
prophecy 9 ,ed9burgh to enorm\s         
audi5ces4 ,already he 0 manife/+        
symptoms ( t disord]$ judgm5t :i*       
ultimately c>ri$ him s f> a/ray1 &      
,*alm]s 0 sorely tr\bl$4  ,z to 8 deal+s
 ) 8 own family1 ! same w>m? ( he>t     
cont9u$ to %[ itself t[>d !m :i* 8 e>li]
 ye>s _h manife/$4  ,:5 8 si/] ,isobel1 
next y\ng] to himself1 0 dy+1 9 ! middle
 ( 8 fir/ session at ,/4 ,&rews 7,janu>y
 #ahbd71 he *>g$ himself ) h] case z if 
x 7 8 *ief int]e/1 & = a twelve-mon?    

wrote lett] aft] lett] to h]1 press+ on 
h] ) equal t5d]ness & e>ne/ness all t   
bore on h] spiritual welf>e4 ,he 0      
greatly *e]$ to le>n t %e 0 full ( peace
 & joy 9 believ+1 & able to su/a9 )     
*e]ful pati5ce ! sore pa9s t accompani$ 
h] illness4  ,h] life clos$ ) ! clos+   
ye>1 & ) h] decl>ation t ,jesus 0       
fulfill+ to h] ,8 late/ promise1 = ,he 0
 n[ com+ to receive h] to ,himself4  ,v 
beautiful1 too1 0 8 _s to 8 "m4  ,n[ t  
he liv$ at ,/4 ,&rews1 he c\ld see h]   
(t54  ,9 #ahbf h] la/ rema9+ daught] 0  
m>ri$1 & %e 0 left alone4  ,deaf & lame1
 %e 0 cut (f1 to a l>ge ext5t1 f        
int]c\rse ) o!rs4  ,yet h] son c\ld     
write3 ',:at a season ( delight & (     
rip5+ = heav5 has my "m's old age turn$ 
out to h]1 :o1 9 ! abs5ce ( all =eign   
res\rces1 enjoys a p]petual fea/ 9 !    
happy repose ( h] _s on t ,savi\r :om %e
 tru/s--t ,god :om %e feels to be       
reconcil$ to h]6'  ,! de> old woman     
wrote ( h]self to h] elde/ son1 ,james1 
9 h] sev5ty-sev5? ye>3 ',s9ce ,i la/    

wrote to y ,i h _h sev]al sev]e         
compla9ts4  ,i am v frail & v infirm2 b 
:at a bless+ x is t my memory & !       
faculties ( my m9d are z active z if ,i 
7 tw5ty6  ,i bless ,god t x is s4  ,i   
feel a pleasant cont5tm5t & peace ( m9d 
t ! _w _c give nor take away4 ,i amuse  
myself ) work+ & read+4  ,god is v good 
to me1 :o gives me a cont5t$ & happy    
frame ( m9d2 & ,i tru/ my ,god w nev]   
leave nor =sake me1 t :5 dea? comes1 ,he
 w also be ) me1 & give me good hopes   
?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4'  ,x 0 h]   
son's privilege to be mu* ) h] dur+ h]  
la/ illness4 ',my "m's has be5 to me by 
f> ! mo/ impressive dea?b$ ,i ev]       
att5d$4  ,! pr$om9ant feature ( x has   
be5 ! deep & immovable tru/ ( h] _s ^u !
 ,savi\r4  ,?is has be5 gr[+ apace = "s 
ye>s1 & x %$ a s+ul> & beautiful light  
on ! ev5+ ( h] days4'  ,x c\ld n h be5  
said ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s t !y made him !     
keep] ( ! v9ey>ds1 b 8 own v9ey>d he _h 
n kept4  ,h[ l ! ,apo/le he 0 9 be+     
jeal\s ov] himself ) a godly jeal\sy w  

appe> f su* extracts f 8 j\rnal z ?is3  
',i live z if 9 exile f ,god1 9 a dry & 
?ir/y l& :]e no wat] is4 ,err$ 9 levity 
) ,mr4 ,duncan 9 our read+-room2 m k9d &
 hospitable to ,mr4 ,dwight ?an =m]ly on
 a simil> occasion2 m>vell+ little (    
,god :5 mov+ ?r\gh ,8 delici\s air ^u   
our ride1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ,8 unnumb]$      
beauties4  ,oh t ,i c\ld associate )    
ev]y?+ ! fir/ great ,cause ( all ?+s6   
,absolutely no?+ ( ! s]i\s or sacr$ 9 me
 :5 sitt+ among eighte5 immortals 9 !   
ev5+4  ,:at an exclusion ( religion f ! 
_w's companies6  ,give me wisdom &      
pr9ciple1 ,o ,god4  ,oh6 let me r$eem ! 
"t1 & give myself to ! "w ( an entire & 
spiritual ,*ri/ianity6'  ,sometimes we  
f9d an entry 9 8 j\rnal3 ',fa/$ some:at 
?is day1'--s eag] 0 he to leave no means
 ( spiritual quick5+ unus$4 ,b /ill we  
f9d sev]e judgm5t aga9/ himself4  ',old 
?+s are n :olly pass$ away3 ! love (    
lit]ature = itself1 & ! love ( lit]>y   
di/9ction1 h n pass$ away4  ,let me love
 lit]ature z "o ( ^? creatures ( ,god   

:i* is n to be refus$1 b receiv$ )      
?anksgiv+4  ,let me desire lit]>y       
di/9ction1 b let my desire = x be       
altoge!r t ,i may add to my ,*ri/ian    
usefulness1 & promote ! glory ( ,god2   
!n1 ev5 )\t ^!1 ,i w\ld be a new        
creature4 ,! impression ( my defects is 
n su* z to ov]:elm me1 b /imulate me4'  
,dur+ 8 ,/4 ,&rews incumb5cy1 ,dr4      
,*alm]s _h be5 (f]$ v>i\s (fices1       
notably t ( pr(essor ( moral philosophy 
9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,london4  ,to none ( ^!
 (f]s did he acc$e2 b :51 on #ca/       
,octob] #ahbg1 ! ,magi/rates & ,t[n     
,c\ncil ( ,ed9burgh unanim\sly elect$   
him to fill ! *air ( !ology 9 !         
univ]sity !re1 he gladly accept$ !      
(fice1 ! m especially t x _h be5 arrang$
 t he 0 n to ent] on 8 new duties till  
,novemb] #ahbh4 ,x 0 a trial to him to  
"p ) ! calm & quiet he _h enjoy$ at ,/4 
,&rews1 & aga9 plunge into a va/ & bu/l+
 community l t f :i* he _h escap$ five  
ye>s be=e1 & :i* _h left little m ?an '!
 dazzl+ recollection ( a fev]i% & tr\bl$

 dream4'  ,b !ology 0 a high] dep>tm5t  
?an moral philosophy1 & ,ed9burgh 0 a   
c5tre ( wid] influ5ce ?an ,/4 ,&rews4   
,8 c\rse 0 cle>2 nev]!less1 9 8 clos+   
lectures1 he assur$ 8 /ud5ts t no?+ 9   
:at 0 be=e him 0 fitt$ to displace !m f 
8 recollections2 b1 on ! contr>y1 f 8   
individual acqua9tance ) !m all1 he w\ld
 ev] reg>d 8 connection ) !m z a m t5d] 
relation%ip ?an he c\ld hope to enjoy ) 
! /ud5ts ( ,ed9burgh4                   
,,*apt] ,v                              
,,ed9burgh ,,univ]sity                  
#ahbh-ahdc   ,x 0 b natural = ,*alm]s1 9
 ent]+ on 8 new duties z pr(essor (     
div9ity 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 to  
rally all 8 en]gies = a task s          
important--to be p]=m$1 too1 9 s comm&+ 
a sph]e4  ,! c\rse ( !ology ?r\gh :i* he
 _h to conduct 8 /ud5ts occupi$ ?ree    
sessions1 & = ea* consecutive w9t] x 0  
necess>y = him to produce a fre% set (  
lectures4 ,happily ! subjects discuss$ 9
 8 fir/ session 7 already famili> to    
him--natural !ology & ! evid5ces (      

,*ri/ianity4  ,:at 0 necess>y = him 9   
?is session1 0 to exp&1 complete1 &     
comb9e mat]ials t1 9 a v limit$ measure1
 he _h already us$ at ,/4 ,&rews4  ,a   
great] contra/ c h>dly be imag9$ ?an !  
div9ity class-room "u 8 pr$ecessor & "u 
himself4 ,! la/ pr(essor 0 a /rik+      
illu/ration ( :at ! ess5tial dulness &  
lifelessness ( ,mod]atism c\ld produce  
:5 matur$ & cr[n$ by old age &          
infirmity4 ,two ye>s be=e ! appo9tm5t ( 
,*alm]s1 a deputation ( /ud5ts1 includ+ 
! late ,pr9cipal ,cunn+ham & ,dr4       
,wilson ( ,bombay1 _h wait$ on !        
pr(essor1 reque/+ him 7b 9 va97 to      
provide a sub/itute1 z 8 voice c\ld n be
 he>d4  ,naturally ! att5dance _h fall5 
to a fraction1 & utt] lifelessness      
prevail$4 ,) ! appo9tm5t ( ,*alm]s1 an  
en?usiasm sprang up unprec$5t$ 9 !      
hi/ory ( ! univ]sity4  ',! introductory 
lecture1' says ,dr4 ,hanna1 '0 deliv]$  
amid raptur\s applause1 &1 ) sc>cely any
 s5sible abatem5t1 ! excitem5t ( t fir/ 
meet+ 0 su/a9$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( !       

succe$+ session4'  ,besides ! regul>    
/ud5ts ( ! *ur*1 a v l>ge body (        
amateurs att5d$ ! c\rse4  ,f ^! !       
pr(essor exact$ no fee2 b at ! end ( !  
session1 ?r\gh ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,morehead1
 an episcopalian cl]gyman1 !y ask$ 8    
acceptance ( a sum ( money1 &1 9 an     
elaborate address1 express$ ! delight & 
b5efit ) :i* !y _h li/5$ to ! c\rse4  ,9
 subsequ5t ye>s1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s re-wrote 8
 div9ity lectures1 & aft] 8 dea? ^! 7   
publi%$ 9 two volumes1 entitl$1         
,in/itutes ( ,!ology4  ,besides deliv]+ 
8 own lectures1 x 0 8 practice to comm5t
 on 8 textbooks1--,butl]'s ,analogy1    
,paley's ,evid5ces1 & ,hill's ,lectures 
9 ,div9ity1 8 notes on ^! n[ =m+ a      
sep>ate volume ( 8 ,po/hum\s ,works4    
,mo/ ,calv9i/ic treatises on sy/ematic  
!ology />t f ! div9e po9t ( view1 sett+ 
=? ! nature ( ,god2 &1 on ! basis ( ,8  
,sov]eignty1 expla9+ 8 relation to man4 
,*alm]s pref]r$ to />t ) ! actual       
condition ( man1 ! diseas$ & disorganis$
 /ate into :i* he _h fall51 & to rise f 

t to ! provision :i* ,god _h made = 8   
recov]y ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,x is n    
difficult to see :at l$ him to pref] ?is
 ord]4  ,9 8 c\rse ( moral philosophy1  
he _h come to an abrupt & impassable    
b>ri]4 ,natural e?ics gave abundant pro(
 t man's moral nature 0 disord]$1 & t he
 _h lo/ fell[%ip ) ,god2 b x ?rew no    
light on ! awfully important que/ions h[
 t nature 0 to be heal$1 & h[ t fell[%ip
 0 to be re/or$4  ,! answ] to ^!        
que/ions1 z ,*alm]s (t5 insi/$1 mu/ come
 f a high] s\rce4 ,x 0 tantalis+ to a   
tea*] ( moral philosophy to h to leave  
man 9 ?is pr$icam5t1 & to be re/ra9$ f  
dwell+ on ! response ( reveal$ !ology to
 8 eag] que/ion+s4  ,& h5ce1 :5 reveal$ 
!ology became 8 !me1 ,*alm]s 0 eag] to  
set =? at once ! po9t ( junction betwe5 
! two !ologies1 to %[ h[ ! reveal$ took 
man up at ! po9t :]e nature left him2 9 
a ^w1 to br+ ! rem$y ( revelation into  
connection ) ! disease ( nature4 ,if1 9 
g5]al1 ?is ord] is m acceptable to      
,arm9ian ?an ,calv9i/ic div9es1 ?is 0 n 

,*alm]s's reason = pref]r+ x4 ,we h se5 
t ! sov]eignty1 ! all-suffici5cy &      
univ]sal op]ation ( ,god1 0 ! fir/      
!ological tru? t took a p[]ful hold ( 8 
m9d1 ev5 be=e he became reconcil$ to    
evangelical doctr9e4  ,t hold x reta9$  
ev] aft]4  ,! root ( ,calv9ism1 or1 we  
%\ld r say1 ( ,paul9ism & ,augu/9ianism1
 0 plant$ at ! beg9n+ 9 ! v he>t ( 8    
be+4  ,b1 f ! em95tly practical "* ( 8  
m9d1 x 0 n 8 habit to put ! high]       
doctr9es ( ,calv9ism 9 ! =efront ( 8    
prea*+1 or ev5 ( 8 !ology4 ,man mu/ be  
dealt ) z a responsible be+2 8          
responsibility mu/ ev] h its place      
beside ,god's sov]eignty4  ,x w\ld be   
ru9\s to h&le ei!r ( ^! doctr9es 9 su* a
 mann] z to de/roy or ev5 impair ! =ce (
 ! o!r4  ,! comb9ation ( ! two 0 "o ( ! 
great objects ( 8 !ological tea*+4      
,*alm]s's /yle ( !ological discussion 0 
v unlike ! common4 ,x 0 n fa%ion$ on !  
anvil ( ! s*oolm54  ,!re 0 a rem>kable  
comb9ation 9 x ( ! philosophical & !    
popul>4  ,8 m9d 0 deeply philosophical1 

delight+ 9 fir/ pr9ciples1 & eag] to    
concat5ate tru?1 to e/abli% compreh5sive
 laws1 to reconcile app>5tly conflict+  
doctr9es1 & to br+ :at seem$            
unreasonable into h>mony ) reason4  ,b 8
 /yle 0 s diffuse & fl[+ t he appe>$ to 
want ! exactness & correctness ( a      
philosophic m9d4 ,moreov]1 he c\ld n    
conf9e himself to ! /rictly intellectual
 aspects ( !ology2 he c\ld n b include  
its moral & practical aspects4  ,9 br++ 
out ! practical be>+s ( doctr9es1 he 0  
liable to become some:at declamatory4   
,ano!r peculi>ity 0 8 fondness (        
illu/ration1 ! product1 z x seem$1 ( !  
poetical r ?an ! philosophic faculty4   
,! result 0 t1 z a philosophic !ologian1
 ,*alm]s h>dly got ju/ice4  ,& s9ce 8   
day philosophic !ology has pass$ into a 
q diff]5t groove4  ,he 0 j beg9n+ to "k 
some?+ ( ,g]man philosophy :5 he di$4   
,he 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 x1 & _h he      
surviv$1 he w\ld 9 all likelihood h giv5
 mu* ( 8 att5tion to x4  ,b he c\ld only
 h kn[n x at second h&1 & any discussion

 ( x 9 ^! circum/ances mu/ h be5 ( b    
second>y weight4  ,& n[ t ! ,g]man      
/&po9t has become s common1 ! !ology (  
,dr4 ,*alm]s1 z well z t ( 8 successor1 
,pr9cipal ,cunn+ham1 has fall5 into !   
backgr\nd4  ,b x w\ld n be easy to say  
h[ mu* is miss$ by ev5 philosophical    
/ud5ts :5 !y give ! g-by to 8 writ+s4   
,! academical & o!r hon\rs conf]r$ on   
him _h m respect to 8 position z a      
prea*] & a philan?ropi/ ?an a pr(essor (
 !ology4  ,9 #ahcj he 0 appo9t$ "o ( h] 
,maje/y's *apla9s = ,scotl&1 ! lett] f  
,sir ,rob]t ,peel 9 :i* ! ann\ncem5t 0  
made to him say+ emphatically t ! hon\r 
0 conf]r$ 9 consid]ation ( 8 high "* &  
em95t acquirem5ts & s]vices4  ,at !     
,disruption1 :5 he ceas$ to be a m9i/] (
 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 he resign$ ?is      
appo9tm5t4  ,x 0 b ! o!r day t x        
transpir$ t h] ,maje/y wi%$ him to      
cont9ue to hold x4  ,b su* 0 8          
consci5ti\sness t1 ?\gh ! sal>y 0 plac$ 
at 8 cr$it by ! ,que5's ,remembranc]    
till 8 dea? 9 #ahdg1 no "p ( ! sal>y 0  

ev] drawn ei!r by him or 8 family4  ,9  
#ahcd he 0 elect$ a correspond+ memb] ( 
! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,france1 & 9 !     
foll[+ ye> he receiv$ ! degree (        
,d4,c4,l4 f ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4  ,su* 
hon\rs z ^! la/ 7 )\t a p>allel 9 ! case
 ( any ,presbyt]ian m9i/]4 ,ab\t ! same 
"t he 0 elect$ a ,fell[1 & !reaft] a    
vice-presid5t1 ( ! ,royal ,society (    
,ed9burgh4  ,among o!r hon\rs1 he 0 ask$
 by ! ,bridgewat] ,tru/ees to write "o (
 _! eight treatises on natural !ology1 !
 subject assign$ to him be+ ',!         
,adaptation ( ,ext]nal ,nature to !     
,moral & ,intellectual ,con/itution (   
,man4'  ,?is essay 0 aft]w>ds m]g$ 9 8  
"w on ,natural ,!ology4  ,9 8 visits to 
,ox=d & ,cambridge he receiv$ almo/     
unb\nd$ att5tion f ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 9  
bo? univ]sities1 & 9 8 int]c\rse ) !m he
 _h mu* enjoym5t4  ,at ,cambridge he    
c\ld n re/ra9 8 delight at be+ ent]ta9$ 
9 ! college ( ,newton--a "n :i* held an 
extraord9>y place 9 8 reg>d4  ,9        
recognition ( 8 appo9tm5t z a           

correspond+ memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,in/itute1  
he visit$ ,france 9 #ahch1 & read a pap]
 to ! ,in/itute on ! ',di/9ction1 bo? 9 
,pr9ciple & ,effect1 betwe5 a ,legal    
,*>ity = ! ,relief ( ,indig5ce & a      
,legal ,*>ity = ! ,relief ( ,disease4'  
,! "r treatm5t ( paup]ism cont9u$ to    
ex]cise 8 m9d & to draw =? 8 te/imony on
 e available occasion4  ,9 #ahbi he 0   
summon$ to ,london to give evid5ce be=e 
a ,p>liam5t>y ,committee on ! ,iri%     
,poor-,law4  ,8 view 0 ev] ! same4  ,a  
compulsory rate creat$ a _s ( dep5d5ce1 
& !reby t5d$ to ! increase ( paup]ism & 
! degradation r ?an ! elevation ( ! p4  
,x 0 (t5 said t com=t t5d$ to !         
improvem5t ( "*4 ,8 belief 0 ! v        
opposite2 x 0 "* t t5d$ to ! increase ( 
com=t4  ,8 success 9 ,glasg[ l$ him to  
believe t ! same sy/em w\ld succe$ 9    
,irel&4  ,he _h s\ght to /imulate       
fri5d%ip & k9dl9ess among all classes1 s
 z to induce !m to help "o ano!r 9 times
 ( ne$2 no?+ _h _h a great] effect 9    
dim9i%+ paup]ism4  ,?is 0 f> too        

valuable & effici5t a weapon to be      
c>elessly ?r[n away4  ,b to all 8 s*emes
 = rem$y+ paup]ism !re came a dea?-bl[ 9
 #ahdd4  ,9 #ahdj1 ,dr4 ,pultney ,alison
 ( ,ed9burgh1 a m$ical practition] (    
great em95ce & n less b5evol5ce1 publi%$
 a pamphlet 9 :i* he drew a pa9ful      
picture ( ! mis]able condition ( ! poor1
 especially 9 _m p>ts ( ,glasg[ &       
,ed9burgh1 & /rongly urg$ ! necessity ( 
an ampl] provision = !m1 secur$ by law1 
?\gh "o result ( ?is w\ld be ! increase 
( ! co/ ( ,scotti% paup]ism f ,l#aej1jjj
 to ,l#hjj1jjj p] annum4  ,*alm]s did   
:at he c\ld to c\nt]work ,dr4 ,alison4  
,:5 ! ,briti% ,association met 9 ,glasg[
 9 #ahdj1 he contribut$ a pap] on !     
subject1 & ! public int]e/ 0 s great t !
 meet+ :]e x 0 discuss$ _h to be adj\rn$
 to a *ur*4 ,he deliv]$ sev]al lectures 
to 8 /ud5ts1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds collect$ &  
publi%$ 9 a volume4 ,b ! absorb+ int]e/ 
:i* _h aris5 9 ! ,*ur* "q t 0 n[ "u     
vehem5t discussion1 & o!r causes1 *ill$ 
! int]e/ ( ! public 9 paup]ism2 & 9     

#ahdd a measure 0 enact$ by ,p>liam5t1 9
 opposition to ! views ( ,*alm]s4  ,to  
him x seem$ t ev5 ?\gh an imm$iate      
improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! poor might 
be ?us obta9$1 x mu/ be at ! sacrifice (
 _m ( ! virtues t w5t to elevate !m4  ,9
 ! political _w two great que/ions 7    
agitat+ ! community ab\t ! "t :5 ,*alm]s
 came to ,ed9burgh--,ca?olic            
,emancipation & ! ,re=m ,bill4  ,*alm]s 
0 a /r5u\s advocate ( ,ca?olic          
,emancipation4 ,x did n seem to him j1 z
 a g5]al pr9ciple1 to exclude any body (
 ! p f a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( _! c\ntry on
 acc\nt ( _! religi\s op9ions4  ,n only 
s1 b he _h a /rong conviction t ! effect
 ( su* exclusion 0 to create a prejudice
 aga9/ ! religion ( _! oppon5ts & prev5t
 !m f giv+ an imp>tial consid]ation to !
 argum5ts 9 its fav\r4  ,9 urg+ 8 views 
at a public meet+ 9 ,ed9burgh1 he rose  
to a height ( eloqu5ce t c>ri$ 8 audi5ce
 by /orm4  ,z long z ! ,roman ,ca?olics 
7 exclud$ f political privileges !y w\ld
 n li/5 to any argum5ts aga9/ _! fai?4  

,b let ?is inju/ice be remov$1 let !m be
 admitt$ to ! same plat=m z ! re/ ( !   
community1 & he look$ = a *ange4  ,& :at
 might !y n expect if ! ,bible 7 to     
become a famili> book to _! ,ca?olic    
bre?r51 & !y 7 to receive its lessons ) 
op5 & c&id m9ds8  ,! v ?\ght seem$ to   
op5 a mo/ int]e/+ & hopeful vi/a1 well  
adapt$ to be exp&$ & en=c$ by 8 gorge\s 
eloqu5ce4  ,b ev5 _h he kn[n t          
expectations ( ?is sort 7 gr\ndless1 he 
w\ld /ill h advocat$ emancipation simply
 z a matt] ( ju/ice4  ,on ! "q ( ! ,re=m
 ,bill he did n take ! popul> side4 ,8  
opposition to x comes on u z a surprise4
 ,we %\ld h expect$ t a man ^: motto 0  
',hon\r all m51' :o _h already befri5d$ 
,ca?olic ,emancipation & ! repeal ( !   
,corporation ,te/ ,acts1 & :o 0 aft]w>ds
 an advocate ( ! repeal ( ! ,corn-,laws1
 w\ld h approv$ ( ! v mod]ate degree (  
political privilege impli$ 9 ! t5-p\nd  
suffrage4  ,9 a spee* 9 ! ,presbyt]y (  
,ed9burgh1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s once said3 ',i h
 already pr(ess$ myself1 & w pr(ess     

myself aga91 an out & out &1 ,i ma9ta9  
x1 ! only consi/5t ,radical4  ,! de>e/  
object ( my e>?ly exi/5ce is ! elevation
 ( ! common p1 humanis$ by ,*ri/ianity &
 rais$ by ! /r5g? ( _! moral habits to a
 high] plat=m ( human nature1 & by :i*  
!y may atta9 & enjoy ! rank &           
consid]ation due to enlight5$ &         
companionable m54'  ,b1 ?\gh he (f]$ no 
active opposition to ! measure1 he did n
 approve ( x4  ,9 ?is he seems to h be5 
actuat$ by v>i\s motives4  ,9 ! fir/    
place1 he did n ?9k t ?is 0 ! true way  
to elevate ! p4  ,he _h always ma9ta9$ t
 x 0 ma9ly by a moral & ,*ri/ian        
education1 by ! cultivation ( "r        
pr9ciples & habits1 t _! true welf>e 0  
to be secur$1 & he dread$ any?+ t might 
lead !m to value mat]ial or political   
b5efits m ?an ?is4 ,fur!r1 he _h a dread
 t any loos5+ ( ! old f\ndations (      
society might enc\rage a _s ( an>*y &   
recklessness :i* w\ld ultimately br+ !  
c\ntry to ru94  ,he knew t su* a _s     
slumb]$1 & m ?an slumb]$1 9 _m brea/s1 &

 he 0 oppos$ to any measure t w\ld give 
x ! slighte/ enc\ragem5t4 ,he did n     
reckon on any abatem5t ( discont5t f !  
ext5sion ( ! suffrage1 & did n believe t
 ! political appetite w\ld be satisfi$ )
 any?+ %ort ( a social revolution4  ,s  
great 7 8 fe>s1 t on "o occasion he     
express$ 8 appreh5sion t if ! gov]nm5t  
!n 9 (fice 7 to be remov$1 an>*y w\ld   
imm$iately take possession4 ,no?+ w\ld h
 surpris$ or al>m$ him m ?an to be told 
t by & by a ,cons]vative ,gov]nm5t w\ld 
br+ d[n ! suffrage to a mu* l[] po9t ?an
 ! !n ,re=m ,bill propos$4  ,b /ill m   
w\ld he h wond]$ _h he le>n$ t fifty    
ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & "u all ^! radical   
*anges1 s f> f ! c\ntry be+ ab&on$ to   
an>*y1 ! law-abid+ habit ( ! p w\ld be z
 /rong z ev]1 & ! f\ndations ( society z
 firm4  ,:5 ! great "q ( ! ,corn-,laws  
came up at a lat] p]iod1 ,*alm]s 0 9    
fav\r ( ! repeal2 n *iefly = any        
important economical results t he       
expect$ f t /ep1 b because x w\ld1 z he 
us$ to say1 'sweet5 ! brea? ( society4' 

,he w\ld h be5 surpris$ at ! rem>kable  
comm]cial results :i* ! abolition ( !   
,corn-,laws1 & ! in/itution ( ! sy/em ( 
,free ,trade h produc$ on ! res\rces ( !
 c\ntry4  ,9 addition to ^!             
consid]ations1 ano!r gr\nd ( 8          
opposition to ! ,re=m ,bill 0 8 respect 
= an ari/ocracy & ! influ5ce ( an       
ari/ocracy1 z contribut+ important      
elem5ts to ! welf>e ( a c\ntry4  ,he    
held t '9 e l& ( law & lib]ty1 ) an ord]
 ( m5 possess+ l>ge & indep5d5t         
afflu5ce1 !re is bett] security = !     
g5]al com=t & virtue ( ! :ole ?an :5    
society pres5ts an aspect ( almo/       
unalleviat$ plebeianism4'  ,b1 'x is n =
 ! sake ( its ornam5ts & its *ivalry    
alone t we want ! high rank ( our       
ari/ocracy to be uphold54'  ,x 0 = ! _s 
t !y circulat$ ?r\gh all ranks--a m     
noble _s1 he ?\ght1 ?an ei!r ,france )  
its ',citiz5 ,k+1' or ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) 
_! univ]sal social equality1 c\ld       
inspire4  ,9 8 int]c\rse ) ! ari/ocracy1
 x 0 ! be/ & mo/ cong5ial ( !m t admitt$

 him to _! society1 & no?+ *>m$ him m   
?an to f9d a comb9ation ( rank & weal? )
 ,*ri/ian pr9ciple & philan?ropic       
activity1 along ) ! *>m ( ref9$ & g5tle 
b unassum+ mann]s4  ,su* movem5ts z !   
,re=m ,bill he deem$ hurtful to !       
influ5ce ( ! ari/ocracy1 & !re=e        
disadvantage\s to ! welf>e ( ! c\ntry4  
,x 0 a diff]5t set ( ari/ocrats1 & a    
diff]5t k9d ( policy he _h to criticise 
:51 on occasion ( 8 la/ visit to        
,london1 he gave evid5ce to a           
,p>liam5t>y ,committee 9 connection ) ! 
h>d%ips suff]$ by congregations ( !     
,free ,*ur* f ! refusal ( sites by      
ari/ocratic l&[n]s4  ,und\bt$ly ! ma9   
activity ( ,*alm]s dur+ 8 ,ed9burgh life
 0 connect$ ) ! "w ( ! *ur*4 ,b be=e    
proce$+ to ?is1 x may be well to adv]t  
to 8 lit]>y activity1 :i*1 amid all 8   
o!r occupations1 0 v rem>kable4  ,we h  
already notic$ 8 ,bridgewat] treatise1  
aft]w>ds recon/ruct$ 9 8 ,natural       
,!ology4  ,we h also notic$ 8 volume on 
! subject ( ! ,poor-,laws4  ,x 0 dur+   

?is p]iod t he complet$ & publi%$ 9 f\r 
volumes 8 ,lectures on ! ,epi/le to !   
,romans1 :i* _h be5 begun b n f9i%$ z   
pulpit disc\rses 9 ,glasg[2 reg>d+ :i* !
 late ,mr4 ,isaac ,taylor gave 8 judgm5t
 t !y w\ld probably be ! mo/ endur+ ( 8 
writ+s4  ,9 ?is p]iod likewise he       
collect$ & edit$ 8 :ole works1 am\nt+ to
 ! goodly numb] ( tw5ty-five volumes4   
,( a l>ge numb] ( 8 pamphlets1          
introductory essays1 articles 9 reviews1
 & o!r miscellane\s writ+s1 our space   
all[s u to say no?+4  ,b ! "w ( ?is     
p]iod :i* ,*alm]s himself ?\ght mo/ ( 01
 8 treatise 9 two volumes on ,political 
,economy4  ,! subject _h an attraction =
 him ev] s9ce 8 att5dance on c]ta9      
classes 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh 9    
#agii-ahja4 ,8 fir/ publi%$ volume _h   
be5 on "o ( its topics4 ,9 ! ,univ]sity 
( ,/4 ,&rews he _h giv5 a c\rse (       
lectures ^u x4 ,x may seem /range t1    
aft] 8 *ange ( views & int5se           
consecration to spiritual "w1 he %\ld   
/ill h felt s lively an int]e/ 9 a      

subject usually consid]$ ! drie/ & mo/  
secul> 9 ! :ole r\nd ( ! sci5ces4  ,b1 z
 he rem>k$ 9 8 preface1 !re 7 two ways (
 pres5t+ political economy4  ,"o 0 m]ely
 to exp\nd its doctr9es2 ! o!r1 along ) 
?is1 to consid] its applications4  ,x 0 
) ?is latt] object 9 view t ,dr4 ,*alm]s
 be/[$ s e>ne/ att5tion on ! subject4   
,on ! doctr9es ( political economy1     
inde$1 he held & exp\nd$ _m orig9al     
views1--views :i* 7 treat$ ) undes]v$   
contempt by ! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 b ( :i* 
s high an au?ority z ,mr4 ,/u>t ,mill   
wrote 9 a v diff]5t _s4  ,accept+ x z ! 
great aim ( political economy to make ! 
mo/ ( a c\ntry's mat]ial res\rces1 &    
advance to ! utmo/ ! com=t & prosp]ity (
 its p1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s urg$ ) great       
e>ne/ness t all its me?ods 7 9 !mselves 
incompet5t to secure ?is end4  ,)\t due 
provision = ! moral & spiritual nature1 
! true welf>e & ! true com=t ( m5 c\ld  
nev] be a*iev$4 ,besides ?is1 he held t 
society 0 ev] t5d+ to a condition :i*   
c\ld n b defeat ! v ends :i* political  

economy _h 9 view4  ,x 0 ! con/ant      
t5d5cy ( population to increase1 & ?us  
outgr[ production--outgr[ ! provision = 
! supply ( its mat]ial wants4 ,h[ev] mu*
 production might be increas$1 x c\ld n 
be increas$ 9 ! ratio ( population1 s t 
at l5g? a "t mu/ come :51 9 spite ( e   
exp$i5t1 de/itution mu/ set 94  ,! only 
safegu>d aga9/ ?is 0 to raise !         
intellig5ce & ! moral habits ( ! p1 to  
inspire !m ) a desire = a m civilis$ k9d
 ( life1 to give !m a ta/e = high]      
enjoym5ts1 & induce !m to cultivate !   
indu/ry1 ! skill1 & ! self-control by   
:i* ^! might be atta9$4  ,b h[ w\ld ?is 
*eck population8  ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 9 ?is  
respect 9 sympa?y ) ,mal?us2 he wi%$ to 
*eck e>ly & improvid5t m>riages1 & ! be/
 means ( do+ ?is 0 to elevate ! /&>d (  
liv+1 s t m>riage %\ld be delay$ until !
 means ( rea*+ ?is /&>d 7 realis$4  ,x  
mu/ be own$1 we ?9k1 t ?is 0 a "o-sid$  
view4  ,!re are und\bt$ moral risks ( a 
v s]i\s k9d involv$ 9 ! delay ( m>riage 
until an age :5 ! passions h some:at    

cool$ d[n4  ,x 0 ! habit ( ,*alm]s to   
let 8 m9d dwell at "o "t on b "o aspect 
( a subject1 & n give full weight to    
c\nt]balanc+ consid]ations4  ,mo/ read]s
 w agree ?or\ghly ) him 9 8 view t      
improv$ ta/e & enl>g$ views mu/ br+ 9 _!
 wake increas$ com=t & a high] social   
/&+2 b ! sy/em ( political economy t    
re/$ on ! ,mal?usian pr9ciple is n      
entitl$ to be plac$ mu* high] ?an o!r   
sy/ems2 & ! only security = moral       
improvem5t lies 9 t ,*ri/ian education &
 ,*ri/ian influ5ce on :i* ,*alm]s laid s
 mu* /ress1 & :i* came n f political    
economy1 b f ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  
,:atev] we may ?9k ( 8 outlet f !       
insoluble problem ( political economy1  
we mu/ recognise ) admiration 8 ov]:elm+
 s5se ( ! value ( ?is ,*ri/ian education
 & tra9+ ) a view to ! highe/ welf>e (  
mank9d4  ,?is inde$ 0 ! reign+ idea (   
,*alm]s1 pursu$ /eadily ?r\gh\t 8 :ole  
life1 alike 9 8 s]mons1 8 books1 8      
sci5tific rese>*es1 8 practical s*emes1 
8 int]c\rse ) 8 fell[s1 &1 we may add1 8

 communion ) 8 ,god4  ,if ev] a life _h 
unity1 x 0 t ( ,*alm]s4  ,to get m5     
impregnat$ ) ! _s ( ,*ri/1 & alive to ! 
lessons ( ,8 ,gospel 01 "o way or o!r1 8
 cont9ual aim4  ,n only did he /rive to 
br+ individual m5 into contact ) ,*ri/1 
s t !y %\ld receive salvation1 & p>take 
( spiritual life1 b he desir$ t all !   
influ5ces t play$ on society %\ld be su*
 z to enc\rage ! ,*ri/ian _s & ,*ri/ian 
habits4  ,national education )\t        
,*ri/ianity 0 a blund] n to be ?\ght (4 
,! rul]s ( ! /ate ought to enc\rage !   
*ur* z ! highe/ in/rum5t ( good to ! p4 
,! division ( ! c\ntry into p>i%es &    
di/ricts 0 important z secur+ a m       
effici5t m9i/ration ( ,*ri/ianity to e  
section ( ! community4  ,a rate-support$
 sy/em ( relief to ! poor 0 atroci\s1   
because x h9d]$ ! ex]cise ( ,*ri/ian    
habits1 x dead5$ ! v *>ity :i* x pr(ess$
 to promote4 ,int]f]5ce ) ! spiritual   
function ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 an evil n  
to be endur$2 x 0 putt+ *a9s on ! great 
in/rum5t ( ! _w's emancipation2 x 0     

arre/+ ! "o great =ce ?r\gh :i* all ?+s 
7 to be made new4  ,daily1 & almo/      
h\rly1 x 0 ! pray] ( ,*alm]s t he might 
be guid$ f above 9 all 8 ef=ts to br+   
individuals & ! community alike "u      
,*ri/ian influ5ce & ,*ri/ian habits4  ,&
 x 0 ! practice ( ^! private devotions t
 br\ght to him ! wisdom1 ! /r5g?1 & !   
pati5ce ) :i* he lab\r$ at ! utmo/ /ret*
 ( 8 p[]s1 & )\t int]mission1 = !       
,*ri/ian good ( 8 c\ntry4   ,b we mu/ n[
 glance at "s ( 8 lab\rs 9 connection ) 
! *ur* dur+ ! p]iod n[ "u review4  ,9   
#ahcb we f9d him occupy+ ! *air ( !     
,g5]al ,assembly1 & signalis+ 8 ye> (   
(fice by br++ ab\t1 9 conjunction ) ,"l 
,belhav51 ! ,"l ,high ,commission]1 !   
abolition ( a practice ( ,sabba? d9n]s &
 ,sabba? breakfa/s t _h hi!rto prevail$4
  ,next ye>1 z a memb] ( ,assembly1 he  
introduc$ ! celebrat$ measure kn[n z !  
,veto1 b )\t success1 8 proposal be+    
reject$ by a majority ( twelve4 ,z !    
evangelical revival advanc$1            
dissatisfaction ) ! law ( patronage     

advanc$ apace4  ,:5 ! ,re=m ,act came   
into op]ation1 x 0 felt to be b         
reasonable t z ! voice ( ! p 0 n[ to be 
he>d 9 ! *oice ( _! rul]s1 x ought to be
 he>d likewise 9 ! *oice ( _! m9i/]s4   
,to give !m ?is voice 0 ! object ( !    
veto law4  ,ev5 "u ! law ( patronage !re
 0 a provision by :i* ! pres5tee mu/ h a
 'call' f ! p2 b x _h nev] be5 settl$   
:at ?is call meant1 & 9 practice x _h   
deg5]at$ into a m]e =m4  ,x 0 ?\ght by  
"s t x w\ld h be5 wis] = ! *ur* to def9e
 ! call2 b ! 'veto' 0 pref]r$1 because x
 0 held to imply a small] measure (     
*ange4  ,x made x ! law ( ! *ur* t if a 
majority ( male heads ( families1 be+   
communicants1 object$ to ! settlem5t ( a
 pres5tee z _! m9i/]1 ! presbyt]y 7 n to
 take him on trial = ord9ation4  ,x     
appe>$ to ,dr4 ,*alm]s t x w\ld h be5   
well = ! *ur* be=e pass+ ?is law to h ! 
au?ority ( ! ,legislature 9 h] support1 
b he 0 assur$ by lawy]s ( ! highe/      
em95ce1 includ+ ! law (fic]s ( ! ,cr[n1 
t !re c\ld n be a d\bt z to ! legal "r (

 ! *ur* to enact ?is measure4 ,next ye> 
x 0 aga9 br\ght =w>d1 ! motion 9 its    
fav\r be+ made by ! fir/ ,"l ,moncreiff4
  ,on ?is occasion x 0 c>ri$1 & became !
 law ( ! *ur*2 b ev5ts %[$ t x w\ld h   
be5 well _h ! advice ( ,*alm]s be5      
foll[$ be=e x 0 enact$2 = x 0 on ! v "q 
( ! compet5cy ( ! *ur*1 z by law        
e/abli%$1 to enact x t ! great conflict 
arose :i*1 t5 ye>s aft]1 r5t ! *ur* 9   
two4  ,x 0 impossible = ,dr4 ,*alm]s to 
be long 9 ,ed9burgh )\t hav+ 8 att5tion 
turn$ to ! religi\s wants ( ! p !re4 ,9 
! c\rse ( a local controv]sy1 c>ri$ on )
 mu* bitt]ness1 reg>d+ ! ',annuity      
,tax'--an unpopul> impo/ = defray+ !    
sal>ies ( ! city m9i/]s--a proposal _h  
be5 made to aboli% collegiate *>ges1 &  
?us r$uce ! numb] ( m9i/]s f eighte5 to 
?irte54  ,*alm]s _h /rongly prote/$     
aga9/ ! proposal1 & claim$ 9 ! int]e/ ( 
! city t ! m9i/]s set free f collegiate 
*>ges %\ld be intru/$ ) new p>i%es1     
:]ev] additional *ur*es 7 ne$$4  ,"u !  
,t[n ,c\ncil1 ?+s _h be5 s manag$ t !   

incomes ( ! cl]gy _h sunk to ,l#djj a   
ye>2 & ! idea ( new *>ges 0 unpopul>1   
because ! ,c\ncil w\ld h _h to provide  
*ur*es2 ?is opposition griev$ ,*alm]s1 &
 ! only consid]ation t com=t$ him 7z he 
wrote to a fri5d7 0 ! increas$ read9ess 
( ! fri5ds ( ! *ur* to contribute = its 
ext5sion4  ,= himself1 he _h hi!rto be5 
work+ 9 ! ,c[gate1 9 ! hope t a new     
p>o*ial *>ge w\ld be set up = t di/rict4
  ,b at ! "t 7#ahcd71 ! ,t[n ,c\ncil _h 
refus$ to make ! necess>y arrangem5ts = 
t purpose1 al?\gh a few ye>s lat]1 !    
p>i% ( ,/4 ,john's 0 erect$1 & ,dr4     
,gu?rie appo9t$ to x4  ,mean:ile1 ,dr4  
,*alm]s resolv$ to transf] 8 att5tion to
 ano!r ne$y & neglect$ di/rict--!       
suburban village ( ,dean1 or ,wat] (    
,lei?4 ,he _h good hopes t he w\ld be   
able to erect a p>o*ial economy !re4  ,!
 ,assembly ( t ye> _h appo9t$ him conv5]
 ( a committee = *ur* accommodation2 & 9
 ! summ]1 besides enc\rag+ local ef=ts1 
he tri$ to collect a c5tral fund1 = :i* 
9 ,july he _h made a beg9n+1 hav+ rais$ 

! sum ( ,l#afgg1 #ajs4  ,he _h begun1 z 
he said1 ) ! high] k9ds ( game--dukes & 
m>quises1 b by & by he w\ld come d[n to 
p>o*ial associations & subscriptions ( a
 p5ny a week4  ,he believ$ t ! 'dit*]s' 
( ! c\ntry prop]ly cultivat$ might be   
f\nd z productive z ! 'dukes4'  ,anyh[1 
! moral influ5ce w\ld be great]1 because
 e man t gave a p5ny a week w\ld be sure
 to feel a lively int]e/ 9 ! cause4  ,& 
?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( t great s*eme ( *ur*   
ext5sion :i* = sev]al ye>s engross$ 8   
en]gies1 z x prov$ also ! =]unn] ( 8    
,free ,*ur* ,su/5tation ,fund1 :i* has  
prov$ su* a monum5t ( 8 f9ancial        
sagacity & skill4  ,f ,glasg[ an        
important proposal _h be5 made by 8     
fri5d & =m] coadjutor1 ,mr4 ,william    
,coll9s1 t /eps %\ld be tak5 at once to 
add tw5ty *ur*es to ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4  
,?irte5 ye>s be=e1 ,*alm]s _h made !    
same proposal1 b x _h be5 sc\t$ z       
vision>y4  ,evid5tly 8 influ5ce _h be5  
tell+ on ! community4 ,x 0 no long] a   
dev\t imag9ation4  ,mr4 ,coll9s & 8     

fri5ds resolv$ to take no /eps 9 ! way (
 build+1 till ,l#bj1jjj %\ld be         
subscrib$4  ,9 ! mon? ( ,octob] t am\nt 
0 realis$4  ,! success ( ?is local ef=t 
gave a great impulse to ! g5]al s*eme4  
,! proposal "u ! g5]al s*eme 01 t !     
*ur*es %\ld be erect$ f volunt>y        
contributions1 b t ! ,gov]nm5t %\ld     
grant a small end[m5t to ea*            
congregation t[>ds its annual exp5ses4  
,to promote ?is "p ( ! s*eme1 a         
deputation 0 s5t to ,london1 to solicit 
! support ( ! ,prime ,m9i/] & o!r       
influ5tial memb]s ( ! ,gov]nm5t4  ,at   
fir/ x seem$ z if ,"l ,melb\rne & 8     
cab9et w\ld cordially agree to !        
proposal1 b vehem5t opposition be+ (f]$ 
to x by ! diss5t]s1 a *ange soon came   
ov] ! _s ( _! dream4  ,unwill+ to (f5d  
an important section ( _! support]s 9   
,scotl&1 !y resolv$1 z a sort (         
compromise1 to appo9t a commission t    
%\ld g ov] ! c\ntry1 take evid5ce z to !
 am\nt ( ! exi/+ provision = ! religi\s 
wants ( ! p1 & report ! results f "t to 

"t4 ,x 0 a great disappo9tm5t to ,dr4   
,*alm]s t 9 ?is way a long delay w\ld h 
to take place1 & /ill m t ! p]sonnel ( !
 commission %[$ a t5d5cy unfav\rable to 
! s*eme4  ,! commission buckl$ to _! "w1
 & at int]vals issu$ reports :i* 9 ! ma9
 bore out ! cont5tion ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s4   
,!n x 0 ann\nc$ t a measure w\ld be     
introduc$2 by & by x 0 said t t measure 
0 ab&on$4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s & 8 fri5ds 7 m  
fav\rably receiv$ by ,sir ,rob]t ,peel &
 o!r lead+ ,cons]vatives2 b z !y 7 n 9  
p[] at ! "t no?+ 0 done4  ,! vacillat+  
conduct ( ! ,:ig ,gov]nm5t made no      
fav\rable impression on ,*alm]s3 among 8
 fri5ds he 0 ready en\gh to proclaim1 9 
8 ,fife%ire dialect1 ',i h a moral loa?+
 ( ?ae ,:ugs4'  ,b if !re 0 disappo9tm5t
 f ! ,gov]nm5t1 !re 0 extraord9>y       
enc\ragem5t f ! p4 ,9 #ahch he 0 able to
 ann\nce to ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 z !     
fruit ( f\r ye>s' lab\r1 t !re _h be5   
add$ to ! ,e/abli%m5t ne>ly two hundr$  
*ur*es1 & t upw>ds ( ,l#bjj1jjj _h be5  
contribut$ = _! erection4  ,x 0 a result

 :olly unprec$5t$1 & on all h&s 0 reg>d$
 ) amazem5t1 & z a mo/ wond]ful te/imony
 to ! eloqu5ce & en]gy ) :i* he _h      
advocat$ ! cause4  ,worn out1 & mu* 9   
ne$ ( re/ ?\gh he felt himself to be1 he
 0 induc$ to rema9 = "s "t long] at !   
head ( ! committee1 & among o!r lab\rs  
he add$ t ( a t\r ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 9  
:i* he advocat$ 8 plan ) 8 usual        
eloqu5ce4  ,b1 9 ! ,=ties1 ! %ad[ ( !   
conflict betwe5 ! civil & ecclesia/ical 
c\rts _h fall5 on ! ,ext5sion ,s*eme1 & 
x began to langui%4  ,9 ! c\rse ( 8     
conv5]%ip ! progress ( ! und]tak+ _h be5
 z foll[s3--  ,9 #ahce1 #fb *ur*es1     
,l#fe1fbj   #a   #aa-c_/d ,9 #ahcf1 #bf 
#cb1cei  #ab    #f-c_/d ,9 #ahcg1 #fg   
#ei1caa   #f    #j ,9 #ahch1 #cb        
#da1ahc   #a    #a-c_/d ,9 #ahci1 #ad   
#eb1iei  #ad   #ad-c_/d ,9 #ahdj1 #ae   
#cf1jee   #h    #h-c_/d ,9 #ahda1  #f   
#ah1beb   #f    #f-        ---          
------------------ ,total1  #bbb        
,l#cje1gda  #aa    #c-a_/b   ,unhappily1
 a pa9ful controv]sy arose among !      

home-*ur*es out ( ! ef=t to obta9 a     
national end[m5t = ! new p>i%es4        
,noncon=mi/s1 = ! mo/ "p1 view$ !       
application ) great dislike1 & oppos$ x 
too? & nail4  ,x 0 bad en\gh1 9 _! view1
 t a p>ticul> *ur* %\ld be ma9ta9$ f !  
public funds1 & enjoy peculi> social    
privileges2 b x 0 n to be borne t x %\ld
 receive a fur!r grant ( public money1 (
 :i*1 ( c\rse1 noncon=mi/s w\ld h to pay
 _! %>e4  ,! "r way to support m9i/]s1  
accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 0 by !      
volunt>y contributions ( ! p4  ,?is1    
moreov]1 0 a b5efit to ! p !mselves2 x  
l$ !m to take a great] int]e/ 9 _! *ur*1
 & to atta* m value to its m9i/rations4 
,?us x happ5$ t e *ur*-ext5sion meet+ 0 
m or less an anti-volunt>y meet+1 !     
speak]s :o pl$ = ! s*eme vehem5tly      
uphold+ ! pr9ciple ( an e/abli%m5t4  ,( 
! y\ng] m5 :o f\ght on ?is gr\nd )      
,*alm]s1 none 0 m /r5u\s ?an ! late ,dr4
 ,gu?rie4 ,b ,gu?rie liv$ to *ange 8    
view2 & 9 an autobiographical fragm5t he
 tells u1 t ev5 :5 he 0 d5\nc+ !        

volunt>y sy/em1 9 8 secret he>t he      
hon\r$1 & ev5 envi$1 ! m5 ^: liv+ 0     
d]iv$ solely f ! freewill (f]+s ( _! p4 
,! great objection ( ,*alm]s to !       
volunt>y sy/em 0 t x 0 inadequate4  ,he 
held x incapable ( mak+ provision = !   
wants ( a :ole community1 & especially  
incapable ( ^? aggressive ef=ts t 7 ne$$
 = br++ 9 ! masses :o _h fall5 f !      
pr(ession ( religion4  ,9 plant+ *ur*es1
 volunt>yism act$ on ! pr9ciple (       
attraction1 aim+ ma9ly at draw+ 9 ^? :o 
7 m or less 9 sympa?y ) itself1 &       
dispos$ to accept its m9i/rations4  ,!  
!ory ( an e/abli%$ *ur*1 on ! o!r h&1   
dem&$ a provision = ! :ole ( !          
population1 & suppli$ a m9i/ry ^: duty 0
 to look aft] all ! p1 & ply !m ) ! (f]s
 & ! injunctions ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,x 0 to
 make ! practice & !ory ( ! *ur* 9 "s   
degree to correspond t he _h und]tak5 & 
prosecut$ 8 great *ur*-ext5sion movem5t4
  ,= ! noncon=mi/s !mselves he always   
*]i%$ a pr(\nd reg>d1 & a grateful s5se 
( ! invaluable s]vice !y _h r5d]$ to !  

c\ntry :5 ! ,gospel 0 seldom prea*$     
else:]e4  ,( ?is he _h giv5 signal pro( 
:5 he took sitt+s 9 a congregational    
*apel = 8 family at ,/4 ,&rews4  ,no?+  
c\ld h be5 fur!r f 8 desire ?an to drive
 noncon=mi/s into a corn]1 or make !m   
feel t !y /ood 9 ! way ( 8 m            
compreh5sive ent]prise4  ,yet _m ( !m   
did feel1 & c\ld h>dly fail to feel1 t  
!y 7 ob/acles to ! work+ ( a complete   
t]ritorial s*eme4  ,!y 7 l squatt]s or  
int]lop]s 9 a t]ritory allocat$ & divid$
 among regul> settl]s4  ,unconsci\sly   
,dr4 ,*alm]s /imulat$ a feel+ among !   
,e/abli%$ cl]gy t !y1 & !y only1 7 !    
rightful spiritual guides ( ! p2 a _s ( 
:i* he himself 0 :olly de/itute1 b :i* 0
 highly agreeable to human nature1 & 9  
_m cases re>s its arrogant head at !    
pres5t day4  ,x 0 a fav\rite argum5t ( !
 volunt>ies t an e/abli%$ *ur* c\ld n be
 a free *ur*2 x 0 subject to ! au?ority 
( ! /ate1 & c\ld n be free1 z !         
noncon=mi/s 71 to obey its div9e ,head 9
 all ?+s4  ,?is position ,*alm]s & 8    

fri5ds resolutely d5i$4  ,! alliance    
betwe5 *ur* & /ate 0 an alliance betwe5 
two indep5d5t p[]s1 ea* ( :i* 0 supreme 
9 its own dep>tm5t4  ,9 =m+ a connection
 ) ! /ate1 ! *ur* did n surr5d] "o      
p>ticle ( its indep5d5ce2 x rema9$ z    
free z ev] to foll[ ! guidance ( its    
div9e ,head 9 e po9t :]e ,he _h express$
 ,8 w4  ,nay1 ?is fre$om 0 expressly    
secur$ by ! /atutes ( ! realm4  ,x knew 
to its co/ h[ eag] ! rul]s ( ! c\ntry _h
 (t5 be5 to deprive x ( its fre$om1 & at
 e important crisis ( its hi/ory1 :5 x  
r5ew$ or revis$ its alliance ) ! /ate1 x
 _h tak5 c>e t its fre$om %\ld be       
expressly conc$$4  ,x 0 :ile ! volunt>y 
controv]sy 0 at its height t ! collision
 betwe5 ! civil & ecclesia/ical c\rts   
became acute1 = ?is v "q1 ! indep5d5ce &
 fre$om ( ! *ur*1 0 ! great bone (      
cont5tion4  ,:5 ! decisions ( ! ,c\rt ( 
,session & ! ,h\se ( ,lords 7 giv51 x   
became only too app>5t t1 9 ! judgm5t ( 
! civil c\rts1 ! *ur* did n possess !   
indep5d5ce x _h claim$4 ,?is 0 a        

dreadful1 a %att]+ bl[ to ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 
& :5 x 0 au?oritatively decl>$1 not)/&+ 
all 8 int5se p>tiality = an e/abli%$    
*ur*1 he at once sev]$ 8 alliance ) !   
/ate4  ,! ma9 gr\nd on :i* he act$ 01 t 
a *ur* en?rall$ to ! /ate c\ld nev] be t
 b5efic5t in/rum5t1 t p[]ful moral ag5t1
 = :i* he valu$ x1--c\ld nev] be ! means
 ( tra9+ ! p 9 ^? holy ways1 ^? high    
moral & spiritual habits1 on :i* _!     
highe/ welf>e dep5d$4  ,x 0 p>tly 9 ord]
 to advance 8 *ur*-ext5sion s*eme1 b m  
especially to ma9ta9 ! true !ory ( a    
*ur* e/abli%m5t1 & ! *ur*'s indep5d5ce 9
 its union ) ! /ate1 t he deliv]$ 9 !   
,hanov] ,squ>e ,rooms1 ,london1 9 ,april
 & ,may #ahch1 t s]ies ( lectures on !  
',e/abli%m5t & ,ext5sion ( ,national    
,*ur*es' :i* rais$ 8 fame z an orator to
 its v highe/ pit*4 ',no?+1' wrote !    
late ,dr4 ,begg1 :o accompani$ him1     
'c\ld exce$ ! en?usiasm :i* prevail$ 9  
,london4  ,! great city seem$ /irr$ to  
its v dep?s4'  ,at ! f\r? & fif?        
lectures1 an ,am]ican cl]gyman :o 0     

pres5t wrote t he f\nd ! room d5sely    
pack$ long be=e ! h\r1 & evid5tly = !   
mo/ "p by ! high] classes4  ',dukes1    
m>quises1 e>ls1 visc\nts1 b>ons1        
b>onets1 bi%ops1 & memb]s ( ,p>liam5t 7 
to be se5 9 e direction4 ,aft]          
consid]able delay & impati5t wait+1 !   
great *>m] made 8 entrance1 & 0 welcom$ 
) clapp+s & %\ts ( applause t grew m & m
 int5se till ! noise became almo/       
deaf5+4' ',! conclud+ lecture1' says    
,dr4 ,hanna1 '0 grac$ by ! pres5ce ( n9e
 prelates ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4  ,! tide t
 _h be5 ris+ & swell+ ea* successive day
 n[ bur/ all b\nds4  ,c>ri$ away by !   
impassion$ utt]ance ( ! speak]1 long ere
 ! close ( "s ( 8 f9e/ passages 0 rea*$1
 ! voice ( ! lectur] 0 dr[n$ 9 !        
applause1 ! audi5ce ris+ f _! seats1    
wav+ _! hats above _! heads1 & break+   
out into tumultu\s approbation4'  ,an   
ev5t t some:at di/urb$ ! l9e ( ,dr4     
,*alm]s's argum5t = ! fre$om ( ! *ur* _h
 tak5 place j be=e he left ,ed9burgh4   
,on ! #h? ,m>* #ahch1 ! ,c\rt (         

,session1 9 giv+ judgm5t on ! fam\s     
,au*t]>d] case1 f\nd ! veto law ( ! *ur*
 to be illegal & ultra vires1 & began to
 take /eps = ! rev]sal ( all t ! *ur* _h
 done 9 connection ) x4  ,! judgm5t _h n
 become f9al1 = x 0 subject to appeal to
 ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 & 9 8 lectures ,dr4  
,*alm]s made no ref]5ce to x4  ,b :51 9 
#ahci1 ! ,h\se ( ,lords affirm$ !       
decision ( ! l[] c\rt1 & :5 ,lords      
,br\gham & ,cott5ham1 9 express+ _!     
views1 sc\t$ alike ! pr9ciple ( ! veto &
 ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! *ur* 7al?\gh ,"l    
,br\gham _h at "o "t /rongly comm5d$ !  
veto71 ,dr4 ,*alm]s made a full /atem5t 
( 8 views 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly4  ,be=e t
 "t he _h be5 dispos$ to ?9k t if !     
judgm5t ( ! ,c\rt ( ,session %\ld be    
affirm$ by ! ,lords1 ! be/ c\rse = !    
*ur* w\ld be to give up ! veto1 res]v+  
p[] to judge ( ea* case by itself1 & act
 accord+ly4  ,9 su* a case z t (        
,au*t]>d]1 = example1 :]e ! pres5tee _h 
be5 veto$ by #bhg out ( #cjj male heads 
( families & call$ only by two1 !       

presbyt]y might h decid$ t 9 ^!         
circum/ances ! call 0 really no call1 & 
!re=e ! pres5tee c\ld n be tak5 on      
trial4  ,b1 accord+ to ! views express$ 
by ! judges1 ?is c\rse w\ld h be5 z     
illegal z ! veto itself4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s  
!re=e mov$ t1 :ile ! ,assembly w\ld make
 no claim to ! temporalities (          
,au*t]>d]1 !y w\ld /ill ma9ta9 !        
pr9ciple t no m9i/] be intrud$ on an    
oppos+ congregation1 & t a committee be 
appo9t$ to conf] ) ! ,gov]nm5t1 9 ord]  
to prev5t any fur!r collision betwe5 !  
civil & ecclesia/ical au?orities4  ,a   
magnific5t spee* ( ?ree h\rs 0 deliv]$ 9
 support ( ?is motion1 :i*1 aft] a long 
discussion1 0 c>ri$ by a majority (     
=ty-n9e4  ,x has be5 rem>k$1 t nev] 0 ! 
eloqu5ce ( ,*alm]s m ,demo/h5ic ?an 9 8 
orations = ! fre$om ( ! *ur*4  ,& ?is   
int5se reg>d = h] fre$om 0 no new notion
 ( 83 s f> back z #ahad1 9 a spee* 9 !  
,assembly on ! plurality "q1 he _h      
ma9ta9$ t '! *ur* _h p[] to reject a    
pres5tee = any reason1 or = no reason at

 all4'  ,to ,*alm]s1 ! en=c$ intrusion (
 unacceptable pres5tees 0 n ! only1     
p]haps n ev5 ! *ief1 int]f]5ce ) !      
lib]ty ( ! *ur*4  ,:5 x 0 decid$ t !    
*ur* _h no p[] to erect new p>i%es or to
 give _! m9i/]s ! usual /atus ( h]      
cl]gym52 &1 likewise1 t %e _h no p[] to 
readmit into h] pale any ( ^? :o 9 =m]  
ye>s _h left x1--cases 9 :i* no %ad[ (  
temporal int]e/ 0 involv$--x seem$ to   
him t su* re/rictions on h] lib]ty 7 n  
only intol]able1 b t !y t5d$ completely 
to %att] h] effici5cy4  ,( ! f\r ye>s ( 
long & we>y negotiation t foll[$ ! pass+
 ( ?is resolution1 we h no space to     
write at any l5g?4 ,alongside (         
negotiations ) ,gov]nm5t !re ran a /ream
 ( decisions bo? by ! civil & *ur* c\rts
 :i* greatly complicat$ ! situation4    
,new cases ( intrusion occurr$1         
pre-em95t among :i* 0 ! case ( ,m>no*1  
:]e ! pres5tee 0 veto$ by #bfa out (    
#cjj male heads ( families1 & _h ! "n ( 
b a s+le p>i%ion] atta*$ to 8 call4  ,= 
insi/+ on 8 settlem5t1 ! sev5 memb]s (  

presbyt]y :o took ?is c\rse 7 fir/      
susp5d$ & !n depos$4  ,z to negotiations
 ) ,gov]nm5t1 a consid]able %>e ( !     
int]views & correspond5ce fell to ,dr4  
,*alm]s4  ,) ,"l ,melb\rne1 ! ,prime    
,m9i/]1 he did n hit x (f4  ,on a =m]   
occasion1 z ,*alm]s himself told ,dr4   
,gordon1 :5 8 lord%ip he>d ( a          
deputation f ! ,scotti% *ur*1 he        
express$ a hope 't t d--d fell[ ,*alm]s 
0 n among !m4'  ,unable to make any?+ ( 
! ,:igs1 ,*alm]s & 8 fri5ds n[ turn$ to 
! ,tories1 :o at "o "t seem$ fri5dly1 b 
) !m1 too1 negotiations f9ally broke (f4
 ,9 ^! negotiations !re 0 a pa9ful      
episode betwe5 ,dr4 ,*alm]s & ,"l       
,ab]de54  ,a bill introduc$ by 8 lord%ip
 did n come up to :at ,*alm]s und]/ood  
him to h promis$1 & he 0 unable to      
support x4 ,"l ,ab]de5 compla9$ bitt]ly1
 & 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords accus$ !          
,non-intrusion ,committee ( giv+ an     
unscrupul\s report ( _! conv]sations )  
him1 & he believ$ !y _h behav$ 9 ! same 
way to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,= ,dr4 ,*alm]s he  

_h a special gibe4  ',a rev]5d g5tleman1
 a great lead] 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly1    
hav+ br\ght ! *ur* into a /ate ( jeop>dy
 & p]il1 _h left x to f9d its way out ( 
! difficulty z well z x c\ld4'          
,evid5tly ^! 7 ! words ( a man :o _h lo/
 8 temp]1 & =got :at 0 due 9 c\rtesy1 to
 say no?+ ( *>ity1 to abs5t m54         
,un=tunately 8 son & biograph]1 ,sir    
,ar?ur ,gordon1 has made ! matt] worse  
by a vulg> *>ge aga9/ ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 t he
 0 ov]borne by ! viol5t m5 9 !          
non-intrusion committee1 &1 be+ afraid (
 los+ 8 lead]%ip1 succumb$ to !m1 & _h n
 ! moral c\rage to av[ 8 *ange ( op9ion4
  ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 n 9 ! habit ( succumb+ 
to any "o1 = no "o /ood m indep5d5tly on
 8 own judgm5t2 &1 z to trimm+ & %uffl+1
 8 :ole life %[$ him to be incapable (  
su* conduct4  ,! ev5t prov$ :o 0 9 ! "r2
 ,"l ,ab]de5 aft]w>ds c>ri$ 8 bill1 :i* 
prov$ a mis]able failure4  ,z ,dr4      
,donald ,fras] has rem>k$1 x _h to be   
giv5 up z a nuisance4  ,& !n1 "u a      
,cons]vative ,gov]nm5t1 came ! abolition

 ( patronage6#c    #c ,sir ,ar?ur       
,gordon all[s 7#a7 t "u ! unwor?y       
influ5ce (       ! !n ,dean ( ,faculty  
7,hope7 ,"l ,ab]de5 0 induc$ to omit    
c]ta9 provisions he _h at fir/ ins]t$2 &
 7#b7 t ! !n       ,"l ,advocate 7,sir  
,w4 ,rae7 said 9 public t ! ,gov]nm5t   
measure w\ld exce$ 9 lib]ality ev5 !    
lib]al measure       propos$ by ! ,duke 
( ,argyll4  ,9 ! c\rse ( ,sir ,ar?ur's  
n>rative we f9d ! a/\nd+ /atem5t1 t ?\gh
 ,"l       ,ab]de5 sat z an eld] 9 !    
,assembly f #ahah to #ahbh1 he          
nev] once receiv$ ! ,sacram5t 9 a       
,presbyt]ian *ur*6  ,*alm]s _h n[ _h    
exp]i5ce ( bo? ! great political p>ties1
 & ) equally disappo9t+ results4 ,8 gr& 
project ( a *ur* comm5surate ) !        
necessities ( ! c\ntry 7s f> z ^! 7 n   
provid$ = by ! noncon=mi/s7 0 ne>ly z f>
 (f z ev]4 ,b 8 exp]i5ce 9 rais+ money =
 *ur* ext5sion gave him hope 9 ano!r    
direction4  ,:5 he knock$ at ! door ( ! 
,:igs on behalf ( *ur* ext5sion he 0    
refus$4  ,:5 he knock$ at ! door ( !    

,tories1 he f\nd t !y might h end[$ !   
*ur*1 b !y w\ld h enslav$ h]4  ,!y view$
 ! *ur* 'z an eng9e ( /ate1 n z an      
in/rum5t ( usefulness4'  ,he 0 n[ ab\t  
to knock at ! door ( ! p2 & he *]i%$ no 
little expectation t ?r\gh !m he w\ld   
yet succe$ 9 8 s*eme ( mak+ ,scotl& a   
spiritual g>d54  ,dr4 ,*alm]s concurr$  
cordially ) ! measures tak5 by ! *ur* to
 resi/1 or at lea/ prote/ aga9/1 !      
encroa*m5ts ( ! civil c\rts4  ,he       
approv$ ( ! ,claim ( ,"r z affirm$ by ! 
,assembly 9 ,may #ahdb4  ,he prea*$ !   
op5+ s]mon at a convocation ( m9i/]s 9  
,novemb] #ahdb1 & 0 a lead+ c\nsellor at
 t rem>kable ga!r+ :]e f f\r to five    
hundr$ m9i/]s pl$g$ !mselves to leave ! 
,e/abli%m5t if no measure ( relief 7    
pass$ by ! ,legislature4  ,8 view1 z to 
! duty ( ! *ur*1 :5 no su* measure (    
relief 0 provid$1 0 z cle> z day4  ,amid
 ! numb]less p]plexities t = ye>s pa/ _h
 caus$ su* anxi\s consultations & fe>s  
le/ a wrong /ep %\ld be tak51 he f\nd x 
an unspeakable relief t ! pa? ( duty 9 !

 la/ & mo/ important /ep ( all 0 s cle>4
  ,& s1 on ! fam\s #ah? ( ,may #ahdc1   
,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 at ! side ( ! ,mod]ator1 
:o happ5$ to be 8 own colleague 9 !     
univ]sity1 ,dr4 ,wel%2 ! names ( bo? 7  
subscrib$ to ! ,prote/ t 0 laid on !    
table ( ! ,assembly2 & :5 ,tanfield 0   
rea*$1 & a ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,free   
,*ur* ( ,scotl& 0 con/itut$1 its fir/   
act 0 to call to its *air ! man ^:      
reputation ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w 0 by f>
 ! highe/1 & ^: influ5ce 9 br++ ab\t !  
,disruption _h be5 by f> ! greate/4     
,reg>d+ t ,assembly1 ,*alm]s wrote to 8 
si/]1 ',nev] 0 !re a happi] ,assembly1 )
 a happi] collection ( faces1 ?an 9 our 
,free ,*ur*1 ) consci5ces disburd5$1 &  
ca/+ !mselves )\t c>e & ) all !         
confid5ce ( *ildr5 on ! ,provid5ce ( t  
,god :o nev] =sakes ! families ( !      
fai?ful4'  ,all mu/ see1 :atev] _! own  
op9ion ( ! case1 t x c\ld only h be5    
consid]ations ( extraord9>y =ce t       
con/ra9$ ,dr4 ,*alm]s to =go t          
connection ) ! /ate :i* he _h s long    

held to be indisp5sable = ! successful  
"w ( ! *ur*1 & to ca/ h] on ! volunt>y  
(f]+s ( ! p4 ,f ! h\r :5 ! noble        
ambition to turn ,scotl& into a         
spiritual g>d5 fir/ fill$ 8 s\l1 ! aid (
 ! /ate _h appe>$ a s9e quct1 non to !  
accompli%m5t ( ?is great object4  ,:at  
!n induc$ him to "p ) x8  ,only because 
he 0 pr(\ndly conv9c$ t ! subjection :i*
 ! civil c\rts dem&$ w\ld prove fatal to
 its spiritual life & p[]1 fatal to its 
_s ( ent]prise & activity1 fatal to t   
l>g5ess ( he>t & confid5ce ( success :i*
 7 necess>y = great und]tak+s1 & fatal  
to its own "* z a consi/5t & fe>less    
witness = ! supremacy ( ! *ur*'s head4  
,if x %\ld fl9* 9 its h\r ( trial1 x    
des]v$ to be flung aside z a di%on\r$ & 
useless ?+4  ,if ! decisions ( ! ,c\rt (
 ,session & ! ,h\se ( ,lords _h be5 less
 extravagant1 if !y _h ev5 left to !    
*ur* a ve/ige ( p[] to give effect to ! 
voice ( ! p 9 ! settlem5t ( m9i/]s1 & 9 
! o!r matt]s involv$1 ,*alm]s w\ld /ill 
h clung to ! connection ( *ur* & /ate4  

,x 0 simply ! extravagance ( ! claims ( 
! civil c\rts to supreme jurisdiction t 
plac$ ,*alm]s among ! lead]s ( !        
,disruption1 = he did n take ! /rong    
view t "s ( ! o!r lead]s took ( ! div9e 
"r ( ! "q4 ,:e!r he 0 sangu9e en\gh to  
hope t ! ,free ,*ur* dise/abli%$ w\ld be
 able to d = ,scotl& all t might h be5  
done by a free ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 he      
c]ta9ly believ$ t1 9 ! circum/ances1 !  
,free ,*ur* 0 by f> ! m likely body to  
grapple ) ! ent]prise t _h ev] float$   
be=e him4  ,writ+ to ,sir ,george       
,s9clair 9 #ahda1 he said1 ',look+ to ! 
,*ri/ian int]e/s ( ,scotl&1 ,i believe t
 m good c\ld be done by ! in/rum5tality 
( a dis5d[$ *ur* ?an by an e/abli%$ *ur*
 expos$ to su* int]f]5ces z ^? ( ! ,c\rt
 ( ,session dur+ ! la/ few ye>s4'  ,&1  
"u ?is belief1 :at rema9$ ( 8 life 0    
devot$ to ! build+ up & /r5g!n+ ( !     
,free ,*ur*1 9 ! e>ne/ hope t mu* ( !   
bless+ = :i* he _h long$ & work$ & pray$
 s int5sely w\ld 9 ?is way be realis$ = 
8 c\ntry4   ,f ! heat$ atmosph]e (      

public controv]sy we make a pleasant    
transition :5 we accompany ,*alm]s on ! 
visits he paid f "t to "t to ,london &  
o!r places1 & :5 we sit by him 9 !      
privacy ( 8 home4  ,we see some?+ ( !   
spontane\s outfl[ ( bo? m9d & he>t2 we  
are *>m$ ) 8 g5u9e humanity1 8 int]e/ 9 
life1 8 hum\r & simplicity1 &1 9 8      
devotional h\rs1 ) 8 pr(\nd humility &  
int5se aspiration aft] hol9ess4  ,he 0 n
 mu* ( a travell]1 & he lo/ n a little  
!reby4  ,all t he ev] saw ( ! ,cont95t 0
 ,p>is & its environs4 ,_h x be5 8 lot  
to gaze on ! sublimities ( ! ,alps2 _h  
he look$ on ! city ( ! sev5 hills1 &    
w&]$ by ! ,po & ! ,tib]2 _h he pursu$ 8 
way to ,egypt & ! ,ea/1 & famili>is$    
himself ) ^? objects t bore1 9 8 own    
phrase1 s mu* ( ! 'ho> ( antiquity'2 _h 
he visit$ ,b]l91 & ,leipsic1 & ,halle1 &
 ,tueb+51 & become famili> ) ! work+ ( !
 ,g]man m9d1 he w\ld h exp]i5c$ new     
developm5ts ( s\l & _s1 & cut (f all    
gr\nd = ! e/imate ( ,c>lyle t he 0 a man
 ( n>r[ culture4 ,x is rem>kable t !    

,unit$ ,/ates seem nev] to h come )9 8  
horizon till ab\t ! v end4  ,b :5 he did
 travel1 no man c\ld h enjoy$ travell+  
m1 :e!r 8 att5tion 0 turn$ to ! objects 
( nature or ( art1 or :e!r he regal$    
himself ) ! society ( new & int]e/+     
fri5ds4  ,) a loyal & lively remembrance
 ( 8 family1 he cont9u$ ! habit ( writ+ 
j\rnal-lett]s to 8 wife & daught]s1 giv+
 ! fulle/ details ( all t he saw & he>d4
  ,usually 8 j\rneys to ,london 7       
occasion$ by *ur* bus9ess1 & on ^!      
occasions he _h little to say except (  
any int]e/+ p]sons t he met4  ,b z he   
came 9 contact ) n a few ( ! greate/    
celebrities ( ! age1 & inv>iably receiv$
 mu* att5tion f !m1 ^! brief notices are
 v int]e/+4 ,sometimes he w\ld q        
captivate an ,engli%man1 & lay !        
f\ndation ( a lifelong intimacy &       
correspond5ce4 ,) all ! memb]s ( !      
,e>lham family t he met 7! ,gurneys7 he 
0 greatly tak52 b "o ( !m1 ,joseph ,john
 ,gurney1 became s atta*$ to him1 & s   
delight$ ) 8 conv]sation & "*1 t we     

might almo/ apply to him ! language (   
,scripture on ! atta*m5t ( ,jona?an to  
,david4  ,! ,*alm]iana ( ,mr4 ,gurney   
rem9d u ( ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson4  
,quak] ?\gh ,gurney 01 !re 0 b "o       
subject on :i* !re 0 any s]i\s diff]5ce 
( op9ion betwe5 !m--! desirabl5ess ( a  
connection betwe5 *ur* & /ate4 ,gurney  
_h giv5 no little /udy to ! 'evid5ces1' 
& 8 views correspond$ to ^? ( ,*alm]s4  
,( ! gifts & m5tal p[] ( ,*alm]s he _h !
 mo/ exalt$ op9ion2 all ! m 0 he /ruck )
 8 rem>kable humility1 8 entire fre$om f
 ! airs ( a great man4  ,ano!r new      
acqua9tance ) :om he 0 greatly *>m$ 0 ! 
,rev4 ,*>les ,bridges1 ( ,old ,newton1  
,suffolk1 ! au?or ( ,! ,*ri/ian ,m9i/ry 
& ! ,exposition ( ! #aai? ,psalm4  ,( 8 
visit to 8 h\se he said3 ',! brea? (    
heav5 is "h2 )\t1 a sc5e ( beauty t to !
 eye ( s5se is altoge!r delici\s1 & )91 
a sanctu>y ( love & hol9ess4444  ,i nev]
 witness$ su* clos5ess & effici5cy (    
pa/oral "w z he exemplifi$ 9 8 addresses
 to ! mo!rs ( families4 ,he makes a real

 bus9ess bo? ( ! ,*ri/ianity ( 8 own s\l
 & ! ,*ri/ianity ( 8 family & p>i%1     
wat*+ ov] ! s\ls ( all z "o :o mu/ give 
an acc\nt4'  ,x 0 ! v s+ul> quality (   
,*alm]s1 t :ile he c\ld hold k9dr$      
fell[%ip ) s _m k9ds ( m51 x 0 ) !      
holie/ & mo/ devot$ ( ,god's s]vants t  
he f\nd himself 9 close/ sympa?y4 ,he   
c\ld f9d po9ts ( contact ) ,sir ,james  
,mack9to% on e?ics1 ) ,mal?us on ! law (
 population1 ) ,daniel ,o',connell on ! 
,iri% poor-law1 or ) ,dr4 ,:ewell on    
physics1 because he _h a g5u9e int]e/ 9 
all _! pursuits1 & consid]$ t !y all _h 
a be>+ on ! welf>e ( man4  ,b su*       
pursuits 7 b outworks3 ! citadel itself 
0 "u *>ge ( m5 l ,mr4 ,bridges4 ,_!     
specialty 0 to deal ) ! v ess5ce & m>r[ 
( tru?1 & especially t great r$emptive  
s*eme by :i* alone ! _w c\ld be truly   
bless$2 !y liv$ "u ! %ad[ ( ! tree (    
life1 ^: leaves 7 = ! heal+ ( ! nations4
  ,x 0 lat] 9 life 7#ahde7 t he made !  
acqua9tance ( ,pr(essor ,?oluck (       
,halle2 b1 ?\gh bo? 7 old m51 !re 0 all 

! w>m? & joy\sness ( y\? 9 _! %ort      
fell[%ip4  ,dr4 ,ru!rfurd ,russell1 9 ^:
 h\se he met ,?oluck1 relat$ t 'he seat$
 himself on a l[ *air close to ! le>n$  
,g]man1 & li/5$ ) an air ( g5u9e        
docility to all he said1 ?r[+ 9 a       
*>act]i/ic obs]vation n[ & !n1 always1  
h[ev]1 9 ! way ( enc\ragem5t1 nev] (    
contradiction4444  ,?oluck turn$ to 8   
ho/1 & said1 9 ,g]man1 t he _h nev] se5 
s beautiful an old man4444 ,! result ( !
 int]view 0 an am\nt ( mutual confid5ce 
& e/eem1 z deep & s9c]e z x 0 mutual4444
  ,! day be=e ,?oluck's dep>ture1 ,dr4  
,*alm]s call$ ^u him1 & f\nd him at 8   
midday repa/4  ,he sat ) him only = a   
few m9utes & said little1 b look$ at him
 /eadily1 ) an expression ( con/ant     
int]e/ & affection4 ,he rose to take    
leave1 &1 in/ead ( tak+ him by ! h&1 he 
?rew 8 arms r\nd 8 neck & kiss$ him1    
:ile ,god bless y1 my de> fri5d6 broke )
 app>5t difficulty f 8 ov]*>g$ he>t4    
,aft] he 0 gone1 x 0 notic$ t a te> _h  
ga!r$ 9 ! eye ( him :o _h receiv$ !     

apo/olic b5$iction & seal ( bro!rhood f 
"o he lov$ & v5]at$ s mu*4 ,8 only      
obs]vation 0 a half-mutt]$1 half-spok51 
,eb5 e9 ,kuss--ev5 a kiss4'  ,! visits  
to ,london 7 n always on controv]sial   
bus9ess4  ,on ! accession ( ,william    
,,iv4 9 #ahcj1 he =m$ "o ( a deputation 
f ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& appo9t$ to pres5t a 
congratulatory address4  ,he saw _m     
public m51 & 0 introduc$ to a few4  ,8  
description ( ,talleyr&1 !n ,fr5*       
ambassador1 is graphic3 ',i gaz$ ) mu*  
int]e/ on ! old %rivell$ face1 & ?\ght  
,i c\ld see !re ! l9es ( deep reflection
 & l(ty tal5t4  ,8 moral physiognomy1   
h[ev]1 is a d[nright blank4'  ,8 lett]  
to 8 family1 giv+ an acc\nt ( !         
pres5tation1 is full ( little t\*es1    
%[+1 among o!r ?+s1 h[ well he          
appreciat$ ! incid5ts t are specially   
int]e/+ to ! female m9d4  ,f> f desir+  
to magnify 8 own importance1 he dwells 9
 a humor\s way on ! defects ( 8 toilet4 
',my ,g5eva g[n did n lap s close z ,i  
w\ld h lik$1 s t ,i 0 twice z ?ick z ,i 

%\ld be1 & x mu/ h be5 palpable to e eye
 at ! fir/ glance t ,i 0 ! bigge/ man   
!re--& t1 ?\gh ,i took all c>e to keep  
my coat unbutton$ & my g[n q op54       
,h[ev]1 let n mamma be al>m$1 = ,i made 
a mo/ reputable appe>ance1 & 0 treat$ ) 
! utmo/ att5tion4'  ,aft] be+ pres5t$ to
 ! ,k+1 ! deputation paid _! respects to
 ,que5 ,adelaide4  ,:5 %e asc5d$ !      
?rone1 '! mo/ beautiful liv+ sight1'    
says ! ,doctor1 ',i ev] beheld bur/ ^u  
our delight$ gaze4  ,! ,que51 ) twelve  
maids ( hon\r1 9 a p]fect spangle ( gold
 & diamonds1 ent]$ ! room4  ,i am sorry 
,i _c g ov] 9 detail ! p>ticul>s ( _!   
dresses2 only t _! l(ty plumes ^u _!    
heads & _! long sweep+ tra9s ^u ! floor 
_h a v magnific5t effect4444 ,on ea*    
side ! ?rone 7 maids ( hon\r1 (fic]s (  
/ate1 ! ,"l ,*ancellor1 a va/ numb] (   
milit>y g5tlem51 &1 among ! re/1 ! ,duke
 ( ,well+ton4'  ,9 #ahcg1 on ! accession
 ( ,que5 ,victoria1 he 0 intru/$ ) an   
address f ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 :i*1
 he tells u1 aft] kiss+ h] h&1 he =got  

to pres5t till he 0 *eck$ by "o ( !     
lords-9-wait+1 :5 he turn$ & put x into 
h] ,maje/y's h&4 ,8 op9ion ( ! "y ,que5 
is int]e/+ to u1 aft] sixty ye>s'       
acqua9tance ) our ,sov]eign3 ',a mo/    
int]e/+1 girli% s5sibility to !         
realities ( h] situation1 ) suffici5t   
self-comm&1 b1 )al1 simple1 timid1      
tremul\s1 & agitat$1 t r5d]$ h]1 to me1 
f> m int]e/+1 & awoke a m feel+ & f]v5t 
loyalty 9 my he>t ?an c\ld h be5 done by
 any o!r exhibition4'  ,9 ! summ] (     
#ahcc1 aft] f\r ye>s ( almo/ incessant  
lab\r1 he treat$ himself to a two-mon?s'
 holiday1 9 pursuance ( an old ambition 
:i* he _h fondly *]i%$ to visit all !   
ca!drals ( ,engl&1 & survey ! c\ntry    
r\nd !m f ! top ( _! t[]s4 ,!re 0 h>dly 
"o ( ! ca!drals t did n 9 "s way excite 
8 admiration4  ,cant]bury & ,ely seem to
 h come 9 = a special %>e4  ,?\gh black 
& ru/y ) age1 ,cant]bury1 ) its t[]     
betwe5 two hundr$ & ?ree hundr$ feet    
high1 & a fabric /udd$ ) massy          
buttresses ( high-wr\ght ,go?ic1 0 a    

spl5did /ructure4 ',b my admiration1    
?\gh high1 0 greatly height5$ on see+ ! 
int]ior1 :i* is ! mo/ p]fectly beautiful
 ( all ,i c recollect1 consi/+ z x does 
( a /ately vi/a ( confront+ ar*es &     
pill>s1 ) an effect greatly enhanc$ by !
 contraction ( ! sides t[>ds ! ea/ end1 
& ! dy+ away ( ! column> vi/a into n>r[]
 & n>r[] recesses4'  ,at ,ely1 'aid$ by 
! pr9t$ guide1 ,i /udi$ ! :ole ( ?is    
elaborate & highly ornam5tal pile ) a   
p>ticul>ity & a feel+ ( satisfaction    
great] ?an ,i _h ev] be=e exp]i5c$4444  
,expatiat$ ov] ?is noble edifice =      
h\rs4444 ,d9$ ) ,mr4 ,evans at f\r1 b   
made "o m r\nd ( ! ca!dral be=e d9n]4'  
,on e occasion he 0 ready = ! asc5t ( ! 
ca!dral /air1 ev5 :]e su* a climb 0     
unusual2 once1 he tells u1 aft] ! guide 
_h refus$ to g fur!r1 h[ he came on "s  
jackdaws' ne/s on ! /eps1 ! own]s be+ v 
mu* amaz$ at ! sight ( visitors4  ,nor  
did "o climb 9 a day always suffice4    
,on #e? ,augu/ he climb$ ! t[] ( ,bo/on 
,*ur* 9 ! morn+1 & t ( ,l9coln 9 !      

aft]noon--! "o #cea /eps1 ! o!r #ccf4   
,at ?is "t he 0 an eld]ly & n v         
lightly-built man ( fifty-?ree4  ,"s    
g5tlem5's mansions1 l ,haddon &         
,*atswor?1 7 visit$ ) mu* int]e/4  ,b   
,*atswor?1 ) all its wond]s1 did n      
impress him s mu* z "s o!r ca/les4  ,:at
 he lik$ 0 a gr& b>onial resid5ce1      
befitt+ ! "t :5 ! own] 0 really ! head (
 8 p1 ready = any exp$ition :i* ! public
 int]e/ requir$1 & n m]ely a l&lord     
draw+ 8 r5ts4  ,places t _h a connection
 ) great m5 7 peculi>ly attractive4  ,we
 h notic$ 8 rev]5ce = ,tr9ity ,college1 
,cambridge1 z ! abode ( ,isaac ,newton4 
,k+/on1 ne> ,cant]bury1 acquir$ a       
classic "*1 because ! rector's wife 0   
great-gr&niece ( ,bi%op ,butl]1 & %[$   
him a snuff-box1 a memor&um-book1 & an  
annotat$ ,greek ,te/am5t1 :i* _h belong$
 to ! au?or ( ! ,analogy4#d  ,9 !       
imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,k+/on 0 ! *ur* 
:]e ,ri*>d ,hook] m9i/]$4  ,h\se & *ur* 
7 accord+ly visit$4  ,& :5 he came to   
,sund]l&1 its great int]e/ 0 t ,dr4     

,paley _h be5 its rector1 & t he saw !  
/udy 9 :i* he wrote1 ! room 9 :i* he    
di$1 & ! field ar\nd :i* he took        
excursions on horseback4 ,newton1       
,butl]1 & ,paley 7 among ! v *ief (     
,*alm]s's in/ructors & fri5ds4    #d ,:5
 ask$ to record 9 ?is ,te/am5t 8 op9ion 
( ,butl]1 he       decl9$1 because he   
did n feel wor?y ( ! hon\r1 b1 be+      
press$1 he wrote z foll[s3 ',butl] is 9 
!ology :at ,bacon is       9 sci5ce4  ,!
 reign+ pr9ciple ( ! latt] is t x is    
n = man to !orise on ! works ( ,god2 & (
 ! =m]       t x is n = man to !orise on
 ! ways ( ,god4  ,bo?       def]r$ alike
 to ! c]ta9ty ( exp]i5ce1 z be+ p>am\nt 
to all ! possibilities ( hypo!sis2 & he 
:o att5tively       /udies ! writ+s ( ^!
 great m5 w f9d a m>vell\s              
concurr5ce betwe5 a s\nd philosophy & a 
s\nd fai?4  ,july #c1       #ahcc4'  ,n 
less *>act]i/ic ( ! man 7 ! free &      
fri5dly relations into :i* he ent]$ ) "s
 ( ! common p :o 7 ?r[n 9 8 way4        
,usually he travell$ on ! /age-coa*1 b  

occasionally he hir$ a c>riage1 & n     
unfrequ5tly a gig1 ) ! driv] at 8 side4 
,he _h ! feel+ t he w\ld enjoy 8 holiday
 all ! m if x 7 m+l$ ) a little /udy4   
,accord+ly we f9d t1 :5 pass+ sl[ly 9 8 
gig ov] "s monoton\s "p ( ! road1 he    
w\ld pull f 8 pocket a grave book1 l    
,m$e's ,lat9 ,lectures on ,prophecy1 & h
 a spell ( !ological read+4  ,b 8 eye   
seem$ always to be op5 to any object (  
int]e/1 :e!r 9 ! sc5]y or 9 ! places he 
pass$4  ,) 8 driv] he ent]$ into fri5dly
 relations1 al?\gh he sometimes f\nd him
 a v dolt4  ,at ,hudd]sfield he hir$ a  
gig to c>ry him ?r\gh "s ( ! rem>kable  
sc5es ( ,d]by%ire4  ,! driv] 0 a grave1 
sil5t1 & simple lad ( tw5ty-two1 & he   
made a practice ( tak+ him ) him to !   
cav]ns & o!r places ( int]e/ t he       
visit$4  ,at ! ,peak ,cav]n he _h to    
*ange 8 coat & hat1 '& a worse coat or a
 worse hat ,i nev] saw on ! back or head
 ( any c>t] or scav5g] 9 ! l&1 insomu* t
 ,i 0 a spectacle to ! *ildr5 ( !       
village1 :o %\t$ & laugh$ beh9d me1 &   

ev5 ! driv] ( ! gig c\ld n re/ra9 8     
m]rim5t4  ,i always take him to ! sights
 along ) me2 fir/1 because ,i f\nd a    
great ignorance ( ,d]by%ire curiosities 
9 ,hudd]sfield1 & ,i want to make him m 
enlight5$ & enl>g$ ?an 8 fell[-citiz5s2 
secondly1 because ,i always feel a /rong
 reflex or second>y enjoym5t 9 !        
gratification ( o!r p1 s t ! sympa?y ( 8
 enjoym5t greatly enhances my own2 &    
?irdly1 because ,i get amusem5t f !     
rem>ks ( 8 simple wond]m5t & n v        
sagaci\s obs]vations2 & x has n[ pass$  
into a /&+ joke ) me1 :5 leav+ any ( our
 exhibitions1 t !re is no su* f9e sight 
to be se5 at ,hudd]sfield4'  ,at        
,*atswor?1 ! ,doctor gave ! lad 8 hat & 
silv]-head$ cane to c>ry2 he foll[$ at a
 respectful di/ance1 :ile 8 ma/] w5t    
be=e ) a book 9 8 h&1 tak+ notes (      
:atev] 0 memorable4  ,he f\nd aft]w>ds t
 8 picturesque appe>ance & unusual      
employm5t _h excit$ mu* speculation     
among o!r visitors z to :o he 01 & t !  
conclusion to :i* !y all came 0 t he 0 a

 =eign nobleman4 ,at ,matlock he p>t$ ) 
8 driv]1 :o1 he f\nd1 c\ld h>dly read2  
he w>n$ him t _m p]i% ( lack ( k1 & t he
 mu/ le>n to /udy 8 ,bible1 :i* 0 able  
to make him wise unto salvation ?r\gh   
fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,*alm]s did n     
always %[ ! same pati5ce & consid]ation 
= 8 fell[-travell]s4  ,once1 9          
,york%ire1 wait+ at ! door ( !          
coa*-(fice1 he f\nd himself beside a h]d
 ( sw9e1 ^: motions & op]ations he /udi$
 ) int]e/2 on ! top ( ! coa* he f\nd a  
company mu* ( ! same ord]--'fat &       
un9tellig5t1 ) only pursy & vesicul>    
projections on ea* side ( _! *9s1 & a   
sup]abundance ( l>d 9 _! gills1 ^:      
mann]s well-nigh ov]set me1 ov]load+ our
 coa* ) _! enorm\s c>casses1 & squeez+  
!mselves1 z !y asc5d$ f v>i\s p>ts ( !  
road1 betwe5 pass5g]s already 9 a /ate (
 compression1 to ! gross infraction (   
all law & ju/ice1 & ! imm95t dang] ( our
 necks4'  ,x 0 en\gh1 he said1 to make  
any man a ,tory4 ,naturally1 ,*alm]s _h 
mu* ( ! passion :i* bur/s out 9 ?is bit 

( s>casm2 b1 be=e ! end ( 8 lett]1 he   
feels t he has gone too f>1 8 bett]     
nature ass]ts itself1 & he gives        
utt]ance to a mild] _s4  ',i feel x     
wrong to n\ri% contempt = any human be+3
 ,hon\r all m51 is ! precept (          
,scripture4  ,we %\ld n despise any ( ^?
 = :om ,*ri/ di$2 & ! t5d5cy to d s is  
"o ( ^? temptations to :i* ref9em5t & k 
are apt to expose u1 & :i* ought to be  
resi/$4'  ,! 'old ,adam' 0 n ext9ct2 b  
at ! bottom ( 8 he>t ,*alm]s wi%$ him   
de/roy$4  ,ev5 ) a ,london b>b] he c\ld 
h a m]ry "t4 ,to be sure ! b>b] began ! 
fun1 = he und]took1 by clipp+ out all ! 
:ite hairs & leav+ only ! black1 to make
 8 cli5t look =ty ye>s y\ng]4  ,?is     
greatly tickl$ ! ,doctor1 & he proce$$  
to complim5t ! b>b]'s pr(ession1 inasmu*
 z1 ?\gh he he>d univ]sal compla9ts ( a 
bad hay-crop1 8 haymak+ 9 ! metropolis  
w5t on pleasantly & prosp]\sly all ! ye>
 r\nd4 ,on ! completion ( ! job1 ! man  
assur$ ! ,doctor t he look$ at lea/     
?irty ye>s y\ng]4  ',i told him h[      

delight$ my wife w\ld be ) ! news ( ?is 
wond]ful trans=mation1 & gave him half a
 cr[n1 obs]v+ t x 0 little en\gh = hav+ 
turn$ me into a y\?ful ,adonis4  ,we    
p>t$ 9 a ro> ( laught]1 & great mutual  
satisfaction ) ea* o!r4'  ,8 t\r 9      
,france 0 und]tak5 9 #ahch1 on occasion 
( 8 read+ 8 pap] to ! ,fr5* ,in/itute1 &
 la/$ ab\t a mon?4  ,he 0 /ruck ) !     
air9ess & brightness ( ,p>is1 & ! app>5t
 leisurel9ess ( ! p z comp>$ ) ,london2 
he rem>k$1 too1 h[ inf]ior ! equipages 7
 to ^? ( ,engl&4  ,among o!r p]sons (   
m>k :om he met ) 7 ,guizot1 :o told him 
t ! comb9ation ( ! moral & economical 0 
:olly unkn[n 9 ,france2 ,mignet1 ,madame
 de ,/ael1 & ! ,duc & ,du*esse de       
,broglie1 ) all ( :om1 & _m ( _! fri5ds1
 he _h mo/ agreeable int]c\rse4 ,! duke 
_h borne a di/+ui%$ "p 9 political      
hi/ory2 he 0 a sort ( head ( ! ,lib]al  
p>ty1 b ) ! utmo/ av]sion to noise &    
viol5ce4  ,! du*ess1 a daught] ( ,madame
 de ,/ael1 0 a lady ( _m gifts & ( em95t
 piety4  ,! company ( su* p]sons1       

ari/ocratic yet simple1 cultur$ yet     
humble1 & deeply int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ! 
p1 0 a great enjoym5t to ,dr4 ,*alm]s4  
,b1 vanity ( vanities6 a few mon?s aft] 
8 visit1 ! du*ess 0 cut (f by sudd5     
illness1 & ! bright & happy home ( !    
family made desolate4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s     
express$ 8 sympa?y 9 a v t5d] lett] to !
 afflict$ duke4  ,along ) ,mr4 ,ersk9e (
 ,l9la!n1 :om he f\nd at ,p>is1 he made 
a %ort prov9cial t\r1 embrac+ ,evreux1  
,broglie1 ,al5con1 ,lemans1 ,t\rs1      
,orleans1 ,male%]bes1 & ,fonta9ebleau4  
,! sc5]y pleas$ him mu*2 x 0 ! k9d he   
lik$ be/1 = he did n s mu* c>e = !      
sublimely picturesque z = f]tile valleys
 & well-wood$ upl&s4 ,:ile 9 ,france1 he
 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 ! law ( succession1    
especially to l&$ prop]ty1 & its effects
 on ! condition ( ! p4  ,he _h suppos$  
t1 by giv+ rise to endless subdivision (
 ! l&1 ! law mu/ br+ d[n ! p to a v l[  
/&>d ( liv+4  ,9 po9t ( fact1 he f\nd x 
less disadvantage\s ?an he _h ?\ght4    
,on "o po9t he 0 m conv9c$ ?an ev]1 t to

 elevate a c\ntry1 moral & economical   
=ces mu/ g toge!r4   ,we mu/ n[ glance  
at ,*alm]s 9 8 family & inn] life dur+  
?is busy & try+ p]iod ( 8 life4  ,a man 
:o is =m+ new acqua9tances by ! hundr$1 
& is con/antly receiv+ ! en?usia/ic     
applause ( ?\s&s1 is 9 no small dang] ( 
two ?+s--( lett+ 8 home-affections      
become some:at languid1 & ( neglect+ 8  
inn] life4  ,b 9 ! case ( ,*alm]s1 we c 
f9d no evid5ce ( ei!r ( ^! results4     
,%ortly be=e 8 dep>ture f ,/4 ,&rews1 8 
dome/ic affections _h be5 pr(\ndly /irr$
 by ! dea? ( 8 "m2 & h>dly _h 8 fir/    
session 9 ,ed9burgh clos$1 :5 he 0 call$
 to foll[ to ! tomb ! rema9s ( ,alex&]1 
8 y\nge/ & fav\rite bro!r4  ,8 j\rnal = 
#be? ,april #ahbi has ! foll[+ entry3   
',x 0 a l>ge fun]al4  ,! sun %one       
sweetly on ! bury+-place4  ,i 0 l to    
give way1 :51 aft] leav+ ! grave1 ,i    
pass$ ,mr4 ,f]gus2 nei!r ( u c\ld speak4
  ,oh t ,god w\ld int]pose to p]petuate 
! impressions ( ?is day6 ,?is is ! fif? 
"t )9 ^! few ye>s t ,i h be5 *ief m\rn]1

 & c>ri$ ! head ( a relative to ! grave4
  ,b ?is has be5 f> ! heavie/ ( !m all4'
  ,dr4 ,*alm]s himself _h an al>m+      
illness 9 #ahcd1 ?\gh1 happily1 x pass$ 
)\t s]i\s results4  ,he _h be5 at a     
meet+ ( ! ,presbyt]y ( ,ed9burgh1 at :i*
 he _h vehem5tly oppos$ ! proposal ( !  
,t[n ,c\ncil to curtail ! numb] ( ! city
 m9i/]s2 & he _h be5 greatly excit$ by !
 ?\ght t ! real welf>e ( ! p %\ld be    
ob/ruct$ & h9d]$ by ! v m5 :o pr(ess$ to
 be _! fri5ds4  ,x 0 on ?is occasion t  
he proclaim$ himself a ,radical1 ! only 
consi/5t ,radical among !m4  ',! de>e/  
object ( my e>?ly exi/5ce1' he !n said1 
'is ! elevation ( ! common p--humanis$  
by ,*ri/ianity1 & rais$ by ! /r5g? ( _! 
moral habits to a high] plat=m ( human  
nature1 & by :i* !y may atta9 & enjoy ! 
rank & consid]ation due to enlight5$ &  
companionable m54  ,i tru/ ! day is com+
 :5 ! p w f9d out :o are _! be/ fri5ds1 
& :5 ! mock patriotism ( ! pres5t day   
%all be unmask$ by an act ( robb]y &    
spoliation on ! "p ( ^? :o w\ld deprive 

! poor ( _! be/ & highe/ patrimony4  ,! 
imp]i%able s\l ( ! poor man is ( z mu*  
value z ! s\l ( ! ri*2 & ,i w resi/1 ev5
 to ! dea?1 t ali5ation :i* goes b to   
swell ! luxury ( ! high] ranks at !     
exp5se ( ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! l[]4'  ,dr4  
,*alm]s 0 mov$ 9 ! v dep?s ( 8 s\l--= ! 
proposal ( ! ,t[n ,c\ncil 0 a bl[ at !  
rul+ idea ( 8 he>t--& he deliv]$ himself
 ( ^! s5tim5ts ) su* ov]:elm+ en]gy t 8 
fri5ds at ! mom5t trembl$ = !           
consequ5ces4  ,z he 0 walk+ homew>d aft]
 ! meet+1 on hail+ a fri5d & tak+ 8 arm1
 he sudd5ly /opp$ %ort1 & said he felt v
 /rangely4  ,8 s5sations 7 gidd9ess1 & a
 numbness on ! "r side1 z if he 7 go+ to
 fall4  ,x 0 b too evid5t t he _h su/a9$
 a slight attack ( p>alysis4  ,:5 m$ical
 aid 0 obta9$1 x 0 se5 t ! muscles on ! 
"r side ( 8 face 7 slightly p>alys$1 & 8
 spee* some:at affect$4  ,s5sation ov] !
 "r side 0 v mu* impair$1 b ! m9d 0     
:olly unt\*$4  ,re/ & ! ord9>y treatm5t 
soon re/or$ him1 & 9 a %ort "t he 0 able
 to resume all 8 ord9>y /udies &        

avocations4  ,b ! ev5t 9 8 p]sonal      
hi/ory t t\*$ him m ?an any?+ else dur+ 
?is p]iod 0 ! completion ( 8 sixtie?    
ye>1 on #ag? ,m>* #ahdj4  ,x 0 a        
fav\rite ?\ght t ! sev5? decade ( life  
ought to be turn$ into a k9d ( ,sabba?1 
& sp5t sabbatically1 z if on ! %ore ( ! 
next _w1 or 9 ! out] c\rts ( ! heav5ly  
tab]nacle4  ,9 ! case ( 8 "m ! la/ ye>s 
( h] life _h _h some?+ ( ?is "*1 & ,dr4 
,*alm]s long$ = a l exp]i5ce4  ,deep 9 8
 s\l lay ! desire = direct & delib]ate  
communion ) ,god1 = he n only believ$ 9 
su* communion z ! greate/ privilege ( ! 
human _s1 b he knew t x br\ght to !     
wor%ipp] an actual communication ( div9e
 influ5ce1 s f> z ! creature 0 capable (
 receiv+ ! div9e4 ',oh t my he>t 7 a    
f\nta9 ( graci\s ?+s1' he wrote 9 8 di>y
 on 8 sixtie? bir?day1 ':i* might fl[   
out ) graci\s influ5ce on ! heads ( my  
acqua9tances1 & m p>ticul>ly ( ! memb]s 
( my family6'  ,s f> z ! sev5? decade _h
 be5 look$ =w>d to z a "t ( re/1 ! hopes
 ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s 7 :olly fru/rat$4  ,!   

sev5 ye>s t yet rema9$ to him1 if n ! v 
busie/ ( 8 life1 7 ye>s ( peculi>       
t5sion1 anxiety1 & disappo9tm5t--?+s f> 
m try+ to ! vital en]gies ?an "w itself4
  ,! ,*ur* ,ext5sion s*eme _h to be     
work$ out at home "u ! depress+ influ5ce
 ( disappo9tm5t ( ,gov]nm5t help2 & !n  
came ! crisis ( ! conflict ) ! civil    
c\rts1--! negotiations ) ,gov]nm5t1 !   
taunts ( ,"l ,ab]de51 ! sickness ( hope 
def]r$1 &1 f9ally1 ! %att]+ ( ! national
 *ur*4  ,?\gh ! ,disruption br\ght      
quiet] times1 x did n br+ ! re/ & fre$om
 f c>e = :i* ,*alm]s long$2 ! entire    
fabric ( ! ,free ,*ur* _h to be set up1 
& especially ! ,su/5tation ,fund2 8     
long+ = re/ 0 b ! *ase ( an ignis fatuus
 t seem$ always to lead him deep] &     
deep] into ! fray4  ,not)/&+ all1 h[ev]1
 z "t advanc$1 & 8 fame became m & m    
e/abli%$1 no *ange ev] took place 9 !   
simple & humble demean\r ( 8 _s4  ',i   
nev] saw a man1' said ,joseph ,gurney1  
':o appe>$ to be m de/itute ( vanity1 or
 less alive to any wi% to be brilliant4'

  ,9 "o ( 8 home lett]s he gives 8      
reason = refus+ all reque/s = 8         
autograph3 he c\ld n be> any?+ t might  
imply 8 desire to be consid]$ a great   
man4  ,b1 ?\gh re/ & leisure seem$ fur!r
 away ?an ev]1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 det]m9$ t 
8 sev5? decade %\ld n altoge!r want its 
sabbatic "*4  ,= ?is end1 he resolv$ to 
make a f> m sy/ematic & e>ne/ /udy ( !  
,scriptures4  ,9 ,octob] #ahda he began 
two s]ies ( read+s--a daily & a ,sabba? 
portion4  ,to impress ! lessons ( ea*   
passage ! m on 8 m9d1 he made use ( 8   
p51 & c>efully record$ ! fir/1 fre%e/1 &
 readie/ ?\ghts t ! passage read sugge/$
 to him2 n ) any view to publication1   
nor ) any idea ( compos+ a comm5t>y1 b  
simply = 8 own edification4  ,! ,sabba? 
lessons1 be+ a *apt] = ea* ,sabba? day f
 ! ,old ,te/am5t & "o f ! ,new1 7 m     
elevat$ & spiritual ?an ! daily2 & 8    
rem>ks 7 (t5 9 ! =m ( a direct address  
to ,god4  ,?is practice 0 cont9u$ )     
undeviat+ regul>ity1 no matt] :]e he    
might be1 or h[ev] mu* engag$4  ,if !   

volumes 9 :i* he ent]$ 8 rem>ks 7 n at  
h&1 he w\ld write !m 9 %or?&1 & c>efully
 ext5d !m aft]w>ds4  ,9 "s ( 8          
m$itations he w\ld express 9 ! franke/  
mann] ! mo/ hidd5 ?\ghts & feel+s ( 8   
s\l4 ,x is rem>kable t "o :o1 9 8 ord9>y
 int]c\rse ) m51 seldom unveil$ 8       
feel+s1 & did n appe> 9 any special     
degree to be "u ! influ5ce ( ! unse51   
%\ld1 nev]!less1 9 8 commun+s ) ,god1 h 
%[n su* frankness & su* an int5se desire
 = div9e guidance1 & grace to enable him
 to foll[ x4  ,dr4 ,hanna well rem>ks1  
',beh9d ! out] hi/ory ( 8 life !re lay t
 inn] spiritual hi/ory :i* made ! o!r   
:at x 04  ,8 correspond5ce1 8 spee*es1 8
 publi%$ writ+s1 & 8 publi%$ acts1 :i*  
furni% su* ample mat]ials = unfold+ ! "o
 hi/ory1 are absolutely b>r5 z to ! o!r4
  ,we "k ( no o!r individual ( ! same   
=ce & bread? ( "* :o1 9 all 8 conv]se1  
public & private1 ) 8 fell[-m51 spoke s 
little ( himself1 or af=d$ su* sl5d]    
means ( in=mation z to 8 own spiritual  
condition & progress2 & yet x w\ld be   

difficult to "n ano!r ( ^: deep]        
religi\s exp]i5ce we h s full & s       
tru/wor?y a record4'  ,x 0 ! tr\bles ( !
 *ur*1 & ! pr(\nd responsibility !re)   
connect$1 t s p[]fully /imulat$ 8 desire
 = fell[%ip & guidance f on high4 ,only 
^? :o liv$ at ! "t c realise ! exce$+   
bitt]ness ( ! tone ( _m oppon5ts1 %[n   
bo? by ^w ( m\? & ?r\gh ! press2 & _!   
read9ess1 if any prom95t *ur*man %\ld   
make a slip1 to p\nce ^u him & hold him 
up to ! reprobation ( ! public4 ,x is a 
mode ( treatm5t t has n yet become      
obsolete4 ,"s sally ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s's _h 
9 ?is way br\ght a ne/ ( hornets ab\t   
him--',yet ,i am support$ 9 a way t is  
m>vell\s "u e visitation4'  ,"u ,april  
#b1 #ahdj1 he writes 9 8 j\rnal3--      
',an utt] pro/ration ( _s f ! spee* (   
,"l ,ab]de54'--',april #c4  ,recov]$ my 
spirits1 b n my spirituality4 ',june #h4
  ,sadly engross$ ) ! ,dean ( ,faculty's
 *>ge aga9/ me4 ,my ,god1 uphold        
me6'--',june #ba4  ,h n yet recov]$ !   
%ock ( ,"l ,ab]de5's f\l attack on me 9 

! ,h\se ( ,lords4  ,may ,i live h5ce=? 9
 ! p]petual sun%9e ( ,god's reconcil$   
c\nt5ance6'--',july #e4  ,a lett]       
ye/]day f ,dr4 ,gordon1 enclos+ "o f ,"l
 ,ab]de51 :i* w require a /r5u\s ex]cise
 bo? ( wisdom & *>ity4  ,my ,god1 guide 
& gov]n all my movem5ts6'--',july #ag4  
,hurt by a report 9 ! ,witness ( ,"l    
,ab]de5's say+ 9 ! ,h\se t aft] hav+    
br\ght ! *ur* into jeop>dy1 ,i _h left  
!m to f9d _! way out ( x z !y c\ld4     
,recov]$ f ?is4 ,desire to roll all ov] 
^u ,god4'   ,alongside ( ^! appeals to  
,god = grace & wisdom 9 public life1    
numb]less passages occur 9 :i* "o kn[s n
 :e!r to admire m 8 pr(\nd humility or !
 int5sity ( 8 aspirations = a m heav5ly 
condition3--   '#ahda1 ,may #ag4  ,_c b 
rem>k h[ ,i gravitate to ungodl9ess4    
,:y are my ?\ghts :5 alone & n /udy+ s  
little occupi$ ) ,god8 ,& oh t 9 company
 ,i might appe> m = ,8 glory6  ,assi/ me
 to d ?is 9 my family1 & let me wat* my 
opportunities = do+ ,*ri/ian good4444   
,let me c>ry ab\t ) me a di/9ct         

confid5ce 9 =giv5ess ?r\gh ! blood (    
,*ri/1 & ) e>ne/ desire ( %[+ =? ,8     
praise & le>n+ ,8 doctr9e1 let me try h[
 ?is confid5ce w "w 9 me4  ,! fruits (  
righte\sness s produc$ w arise f ! s5se 
( my own no?+ness1 & h ,*ri/ alone z _! 
orig94'--',july #aj4 ,am ,i n too       
light-he>t$ & too luxuri\s1 & altoge!r  
too self-indulg5t8  ,c]ta9 x is t 9 & ( 
myself ,i am altoge!r vile & wor?less1 &
 w\ld ne$1 9 dep5d5ce on grace alone1 to
 h m ( wat*fulness unto pray]1 m (      
self-d5ial1 & a f> m t5d] s5se ( ! evil 
( ungodl9ess ?an habitually &           
practically belong to me4'--',july #d4  
,nev] am ,i 9 a bett] frame ?an :5      
dwell+ 9 simple fai? on ,*ri/'s (f]$    
righte\sness1 & mak+ x ! object ( my    
acceptation4  ,o ,"l1 ,i pray = m & m ( 
! cle>ness & enl>gem5t ( ?is view2 &    
grant me ! _s ( adoption4  ,oh t ,i c\ld
 atta9 ! exp]i5ce ( him :o says1 ,i h   
believ$1 !re=e h ,i spok56'   ,"o is    
con/antly rem9d$ 9 read+ ! private      
j\rnals ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s ( ! #aai? ,psalm1

 ) its rem>kable comb9ation ( pr(\nde/  
humility & int5se & holie/ long+ =      
con=mity ( he>t & life to ! w ( ,god4   
,& x does n surprise u to le>n t ! text 
( ,scripture :i* he felt to describe 8  
own case mo/ correctly 0 ! v]se 7#bj71  
',my s\l breake? = ! long+ t x ha? unto 
,?y judgm5ts at all times4'             
,,*apt] ,,vi                            
,,new ,,college1 ,,ed9burgh             
#ahdc-ahdg   ,gift$ & mighty m5 ?\gh _m 
( ! lead]s ( ! ,disruption 71 ,*alm]s   
t[]$ high above !m all4 ,) ! multitude 8
 illu/ri\s "n gave a dazzl+ eclat to !  
movem5t2 ) ! ?\ghtful ! fact t a man ( 8
 sagacity1 patriotism1 & caution1 &     
/rong proclivity to an e/abli%$ *ur*1   
%\ld h ?r[n himself he>t & s\l into !   
non-intrusion cause1 creat$ ! conviction
 t x mu/ be support$ by v weighty       
consid]ations4 ,:at b ! /ronge/ s5se (  
fatal injury to ! *ur* c\ld h induc$    
him1 aft] electrify+ ,london ) plead+s =
 a national e/abli%m5t ( religion1 to   
=sake 8 own1 & become practically a     

volunt>y8  ,no man felt 8 responsibility
 = ! ,disruption m deeply ?an ,*alm]s2 &
 no man lab\r$ m assidu\sly 9 behalf ( !
 ,free4 ,*ur*1 9 ! creation ( :i* he _h 
_h su* a %>e4  ,to ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( 
#ahdc he gave 9 ! ,reports ( !          
,su/5tation & ,build+ ,committees1 bo? (
 :i* 7 v enc\rag+4  ,! mon?s ( ,augu/ & 
,septemb] 7 sp5t 9 a t\r to ! ea/ & nor?
 ( ,scotl&1 on behalf ( ! ,su/5tation   
,fund4 ,9 ,octob] he att5d$ an extra    
meet+ ( ! ,g5]al ,assembly at ,glasg[1  
op5+ x ) a s]mon f ,nehemiah xi4 #af4   
,9 ,novemb] he _h to ent] on 8 duties z 
,pr9cipal & ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity 9 !    
,free ,*ur* ,!ological ,in/itution1 n[  
kn[n z ! ',new ,college4'  ,x 0 natural 
= him to be v mu* *e]$ by ! numb]less   
lett]s & visits ( congratulation t came 
to ! ,free ,*ur* f e qu>t]4  ,:5 ev5 ^? 
:o _h z volunt>ies be5 8 mo/ invet]ate  
oppon5ts 9 8 *ur* end[m5t ef=t1 came )  
_! w>m & mo/ bro!rly salutations1 a new 
hope ( union sprang up t rek9dl$ hope = 
! highe/ welf>e ( ,scotl&4  ,speak+ to !

 ,g5]al ,assembly held at ,glasg[ 9 !   
autumn ( #ahdc1 he said3--   ',i confess
 to y t ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by ! arrival1  
by "o po/ aft] ano!r1 ( ^? addresses &  
resolutions f v>i\s *ur*es1 ( ^: v      
exi/5ce ,i 0 n aw>e till ,i receiv$ _!  
lett]s4 ,& ,i ?9k t e man1 ^: he>t is 9 
! "r place1 w be delight$ ) su*         
movem5ts4  ,!y are movem5ts q 9 my own  
fav\rite direction1 because "o & all (  
!m are movem5ts ( conv]g5cy2 or1 9 o!r  
words1 movem5ts :i* po9t 9 ! fir/       
in/ance to union1 &1 z soon z possible &
 prud5t1 ,i tru/ _! l&+-place w be      
incorporation4  ,!re is among !m "o v   
pleasant address1 sign$ by--,i h n _h "t
 to c\nt ! names1--b ,i believe "s ( !  
y\ng/]s ( my family tri$ a m :olesale   
me?od ( arriv+ at a probable e/imate ( !
 am\nt ( support ?us giv5 to ! ,free    
,*ur*2 in/ead ( numb]+1 !y measur$ x1 & 
f\nd x ab\t sev5te5 y>ds long4444  ,i h 
felt exce$+ly delight$ ) ^!             
communications4  ,i mu/ say t ,i consid]
 x z inf9itely m *>act]i/ic ( ! religion

 :i* we pr(ess--! religion ( peace &    
*>ity--t in/ead ( ea* d5om9ation sitt+  
al(t & ap>t ^u its own hill1 & fr[n+ ^u 
ea* o!r f _! respective orbits1 !y %\ld 
hold k9dly & mutual conv]se1 & see ea*  
o!r eye to eye1 :ile !y w disc]n1 to _! 
mutual a/oni%m5t1 if n h[ ?or\ghly1 at  
lea/ h[ sub/antially1 !y are at "o4  ,i 
j conclude ) obs]v+ t n[ is ! "t to     
rally ab\t ! common /&>d all t is pure &
 vital 9 ,prote/antism2 = n[ x is t we  
%all h to make head aga9/ a new =m &    
revival ( ,anti*ri/1 :e!r 9 ! =m (      
,pop]y--nak$ ,pop]y1 or ,pop]y 9        
disguise1 ev5 t ,anti*ri/ :i* ?reat5s to
 %ake a mo/ )]+ mildew ov] ! :ole (     
,*ri/5dom4'   ,! same views 7 express$ )
 equal emphasis at a g5]al meet+1 held  
ab\t ! same "t1 9 commemora tion ( ! two
 hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! ,we/m9/]         
,assembly4  ,& :5 ! ,evangelical        
,alliance 0 project$1 he wrote a        
pamphlet 9 its fav\r1 express+ a /rong  
desire t x %\ld be call$ ! ,prote/ant   
,alliance1 & t x %\ld h = its d\ble     

object ! protection & promotion ( !     
cause ( ,prote/antism2 &1 9 8 own       
famili> & fav\rite l9e1 ! "w ( a great  
,home ,mission4  ,among ! em95t /rang]s 
:o visit$ ,scotl& ab\t ?is "t none      
excit$ a liveli] int]e/ 9 ,dr4 ,*alm]s's
 m9d ?an ,dr4 ,m]le ,d',aubigne1 :o came
 9 #ahde1 :5 9 ! full flu% ( 8 fame z ! 
popul> hi/orian ( ! ,re=mation4  ,at !  
,disruption !re 0 a va/ am\nt ( "w to be
 done1 = x w\ld h requir$ m ?an sev5    
hundr$ *ur*es to accommodate all !      
congregations t adh]$ to ! ,free ,*ur*4 
,!re 71 besides1 _m cases ( peculi>     
difficulty1 caus$ *iefly by ! refusal ( 
proprietors to grant sites = *ur*es &   
manses on _! prop]ties1 a refusal :i* on
 va/ e/ates l ^? ( ! ,duke ( ,su!rl& or 
! ,duke ( ,buccleu* w\ld h am\nt$ to an 
absolute ext9ction ( ! *ur*4  ,dr4      
,*alm]s1 h[ev]1 "u ! influ5ce ( 8 /rong 
desire = a sabbatic dec5nium1 kept cle> 
( ! ord9>y "w ( ! *ur*1 except+ !       
,su/5tation ,fund & 8 college lectures4 
,z = ! college itself1 x 0 ma9ly 9 ! h&s

 ( ,dr4 ,wel%1 until 8 lam5t$ dea? 9    
#ahde1 :5 ,dr4 ,*alm]s felt con/ra9$ to 
become conv5] ( ! ,college ,committee4  
,among o!r s]vices1 ,dr4 ,wel% took 9 h&
 to provide = a college build+1 :i* x 0 
propos$ to erect f ! contributions (    
tw5ty subscrib]s ( ,l#ajjj ea*4  ,?is 0 
a s]i\s und]tak+ at a "t :5 ! weal?i]   
fri5ds ( ! *ur* _h be5 /ra9+ all _!     
en]gies = ! ,build+1 ,su/5tation1 &     
,mission ,funds4  ,b ! :ole sum 0       
spe$ily contribut$ 9 ! way propos$1 &   
?\gh 9 ! end ! price ( ! site & ! co/ ( 
! build+ am\nt$ to m ?an d\ble ! sum    
nam$ at ! beg9n+1 ! :ole 0 ultimately   
provid$4  ,su* lib]ality = college      
purposes 0 due 9 a great degree to !    
pr(\nd reg>d 9 :i* ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 held1 
& 9 a some:at less degree to 8 colleague
 ,dr4 ,wel%4  ,x mu/ be own$ t ,dr4     
,*alm]s 0 n satisfi$ ) ! success ( !    
,su/5tation ,fund4  ,x _h be5 adopt$ n  
only unanim\sly b en?usia/ically by !   
:ole *ur*1 & consid]+ all t _h to be    
done = o!r purposes1 x 0 m>vell\s t 9 ! 

fir/ ye> x am\nt$ to ,l#fh1gjj1 en\gh to
 furni% fully ,l#ajj to six hundr$      
m9i/]s4  ,t1 h[ev]1 0 b two-?irds ( !   
am\nt :i* ,*alm]s _h nam$ z ! m9imum    
paym5t to ea* m9i/] f ?is fund4  ,&1    
besides1 !re 7 _m additional m9i/]s to  
be provid$ =1 ne$$ by ! new adh]+       
congregations2 & moreov]1--& ?is 0 nev] 
abs5t f 8 ?\ghts--!re 0 to be consid]$ !
 va/ home-mission "w ne$$ 9 ord] to     
realise 8 lifelong desire to ov]take !  
:ole spiritual de/itution ( ! c\ntry4   
,x 0 ! inadequacy ( ! ,su/5tation ,fund 
to realise ?is fur!r object t 0 ! *ief  
cause ( 8 disappo9tm5t4  ,moreov]1 he   
f\nd 9 ! ma*9]y ( 8 s*eme a s]i\s leak1 
:i* bade fair to ru9 x4 ,e congregation 
0 to receive an equal divid5d = its     
m9i/] f ?is fund1 :atev] might be !     
am\nt ( its own contributions4 ,9 ord] t
 ?is provision might "w satisfactorily1 
x 0 necess>y t congregations %\ld make  
an equal ef=t = ! fund4 ,b x 0 soon f\nd
 t _m congregations 7 /eep$ 9           
selfi%ness1 &1 :ile draw+ _! equal      

divid5d1 _! contributions 7 b a fraction
 ( :at !y %\ld h be54  ,*alm]s _h       
calculat$ on a bro!rly _s & a bro!rly   
consci5ce1 :i* he n[ f\nd 7 (t5 want+4  
,he became al>m$ = ! future1 & propos$ a
 modification ( ! orig9al arrangem5t1 to
 ! effect t no congregation %\ld receive
 f ! fund m ?an its own contribution & a
 half m4  ,b x 0 too late4  ,! fund _h  
be5 con/itut$ on ! foot+ ( an equal     
divid5d1 & !re 0 a /rong opposition to !
 *ange4  ,*alm]s remon/rat$ by ^w ( m\? 
& by pamphlets on ! ',economics ( !     
,free ,*ur*4'  ,all t ! ,assembly w\ld  
all[ 0 t ! new plan %\ld be tri$ ) new  
congregations4  ,b z ! new congregations
 7 g5]ally comp>atively poor1 ! result 0
 some?+ l />vation to _! m9i/]s2 &1 aft]
 a %ort trial1 ! plan 0 giv5 up4  ,b no 
"o c\ld d5y ! s]i\s nature ( ! evil t   
,*alm]s _h po9t$ out1 & = _m a long ye> 
!re 7 p]plex$ discussions z to ! rem$y4 
,ev5 n[1 ?\gh ! leak has be5 abundantly 
dealt )1 x has n be5 q ov]come4  ,9 8   
remon/rances1 ,*alm]s %[$ m vehem5ce ?an

 0 p]haps reasonable1 consid]+ t x 0 !  
defect ( 8 own orig9al s*eme t caus$ !  
difficulty4  ,b 8 vehem5ce 0 due to !   
conviction t came home s /rongly to him1
 t ! ,su/5tation ,fund c\ld n become !  
in/rum5t ( c>ry+ out 8 de>ly-*]i%$      
project1--( recov]+ ! :ole wa/e-places (
 ,scotl&1 & mak+ !m p>ts ( ! v9ey>d ( ! 
,"l4  ,! ?\ght sadd5$ him1 & x l$ him to
 speak m disp>ag+ly ( :at ! ,free ,*ur* 
_h accompli%$1 & :at ! ,su/5tation ,fund
 _h accompli%$1 ?an 0 altoge!r des]v$4  
,aft] exp]i5c+ ?ree disappo9tm5ts--f !  
,:igs1 & ! ,tories1 & ! ,free ,*ur*1 x  
might h be5 suppos$ t1 all eag] z he 0 =
 re/ & quiet1 he w\ld n[ let ! matt]    
alone4  ,b no4  ,!re rema9$ "o o!r /ep4 
,by an exp]im5tum crucis1 by a          
demon/ration ( :at1 "u ! div9e bless+1  
c\ld be done by 8 s*eme 9 z unfav\rable 
a di/rict z c\ld be f\nd1 he might yet  
v9dicate x 9 ! eyes ( all m52 he might  
leave beh9d him a monum5t :i* w\ld be a 
p]petual rebuke ( ! languor &           
li/lessness ( ! *ur*2 a p]petual        

enc\ragem5t to simil> und]tak+s1 & a    
p]petual te/imony to ! maxim ( ,john    
,eliot1 ! apo/le ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican     
,indians1 :i* he us$ (t5 to quote1 t    
'pray] & pa9s c d ev]y?+4'  ,?is 0 !    
orig9 ( ! ,we/ ,port exp]im5t4 ,writ+ on
 #bf? ,july #ahdd1 j f\rte5 mon?s aft] !
 ,disruption1 to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,l5nox (  
,new ,york1 ! munific5t f\nd] ( ! ,l5nox
 ,libr>y & ! ,l5nox ,hospital1 ,new     
,york1 betwe5 :om & ,dr4 ,*alm]s !re _h 
sprung up a v cordial fri5d%ip1 he said3
 ',i h det]m9$ to assume a poor di/rict 
( two ?\s& p1 & sup]9t5d x myself1 ?\gh 
x be a "w greatly too mu* = my decl9+   
/r5g? & means4  ,yet su* d ,i hold to be
 ! effici5cy ( ! me?od ) ! div9e bless+1
 t p]haps1 z ! conclud+ act ( my public 
life1 ,i %all make ! ef=t to exemplify  
:at z yet ,i h only exp\nd$4'  ,to      
prep>e ! way & int]e/ ! public 9 8      
s*eme1 he deliv]$ f\r lectures1 9 :i* ! 
me?ods & advantages ( t]ritorial s*ools 
& *ur*es 7 set =? ) 8 usual =ce4  ,free 
,*ur* feel+ 0 runn+ v hieh at ! "t1 &   

,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 at great pa9s to %[ t 8  
und]tak+ 0 dictat$ solely by a reg>d to 
! good ( ! p4  ',:o c>es1' he ask$1     
'ab\t ! ,free ,*ur*1 comp>$ ) ! ,*ri/ian
 good ( ,scotl&8  ,:o c>es ab\t any *ur*
 b z an in/rum5t ( ,*ri/ian good8  ,= be
 assur$ t ! moral & religi\s well-be+ ( 
! population is ( inf9itely high]       
importance ?an ! advancem5t ( any sect4'
  ,! di/rict select$ 0 ( ! wor/         
description--a f\r? "p ( ! :ole         
population be+ paup]s1 & ano!r f\r?     
/reet begg>s1 ?ieves1 & pro/itutes4  ,! 
population am\nt$ to upw>ds ( #djj      
families1 ( :om #cjj _h no connection ) 
any *ur*4  ,( #daa *ildr5 ( s*ool age1  
#bij 7 gr[+ up )\t any education4  ,!   
plan ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 to divide ! :ole  
t]ritory into tw5ty di/ricts1 conta9+   
ea* ab\t tw5ty families4  ,to ea*       
di/rict a visitor 0 appo9t$1 ^: duty 0  
to visit ea* family once a week1 "u     
directions pr9t$ by ,dr4 ,*alm]s to %[ !
 specific object ( ! visitation4  ,a    
s*ool 0 provid$1 & ! visitors 7         

in/ruct$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to %[ an    
active int]e/ 9 ! "y1 & exhort ! p>5ts  
to s5d _! *ildr5 to ! s*ool4  ,a small  
fee 0 exact$1 on ! pr9ciple t :at 0 paid
 = w\ld be m valu$1 & t a m regul>      
att5dance w\ld be secur$4#e ,! visitors 
7 in/ruct$ to meet ) ,dr4 ,*alm]s e     
,saturday ev5+1 ! fir/ meet+ tak+ place 
on #bg? ,july #ahdd4  ,on ! #f?         
,novemb]1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s held 8 fir/ meet+
 ) ! p1 tell+ !m all he w\ld d = !m1 &  
all t !y 7 expect$ to d = !mselves4  ,on
 #aa? ,novemb]1 :5 ! s*ool 0 op5$1 !re 7
 #fd s*ol>s2 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> !re 7    
#bej4  ,on ! #bbnd ,decemb]1 public     
wor%ip 0 comm5c$ by ,dr4 ,*alm]s 9 a    
tan-l(t4 ,! att5dance 0 n enc\rag+ aft] 
all ! visit+ t _h be5 go+ on--only ab\t 
a doz5 adults1 & ^! mo/ly old wom54  ,9 
,april #ahde1 ! s]vices ( ! ,rev4 ,w4   
,task] 7 secur$ z mission>y-m9i/]1 &    
be=e ! end ( ! ye> ! nucleus ( a fair   
congregation _h be5 =m$4  ,a libr>y1 a  
sav+s-bank1 a wa%+-h\se1 & a female     
indu/rial s*ool 7 add$ to ! p>o*ial     

equipm5ts4  ,dr4 ,*alm]s prea*$ &       
wor%ipp$ (t5 9 ! l(t1 met ) ! visitors1 
& address$ ! p z new features 7 add$ to 
! s*eme4  ',:5 he 0 a he>] m]ely1' says 
,mr4 ,dodds1 '"o w\ld see him ne> !     
pulpit1 9 a cr[d ( deaf old wom51 :o 7  
meanly clo!d1 b 7 foll[+ ! s]vices )    
unflagg+ att5tion & int]e/4 ,8 eye 0 ^u 
e "o ( !m1 to anticipate _! wi%es &     
difficulties4  ,he w\ld help "o old     
woman to f9d out ! text2 he w\ld take   
hold ( ! psalm-book ( ano!r1 h& to h&1 &
 jo9 h] 9 ! song ( praise4 ,any "o look+
 at him c\ld see t he 0 9 a /ate (      
supreme enjoym5t4'  ,& mo/ e>ne/ly did  
he pray = a bless+ on ! "w1 & t x might 
be ! =]unn] ( _m su* und]tak+s4    #e   
,he us$ to speak ) great delight ( a    
poor woman1 :o told him       t by go+  
out at sev5 9 ! morn+ %e e>n$ en\gh1 by 
rak+ among ! a%es1 to pay = ! s*ool+ (  
h] elde/       daught]1 b wi%$ ! second 
also to att5d4  ,8 fir/ impulse       0 
to (f] to pay = h]1 b t1 he fe>$1 w\ld  
hurt h]       indep5d5ce2 s he said3    

',:at w\ld y say to rise at six 9       
! morn+ & e>n en\gh to pay = h] too8'   
,on ! foll[+       ,saturday %e came to 
tell him %e _h done x4  ',i c\ld h      
/ood be=e h]1' he said1 ') cap 9 h&1 = 9
 tru? %e       0 above myself4'   ',we  
w\ld give ,!e no re/1 ,o ,god1 until ,?\
 ha/ op5$ ! w9d[ ( heav5 & caus$        
righte\sness to fl[ d[n t /reet l a     
mighty riv]4'  ',let su* a memorial (   
,*ri/ian philan?ropy be set up 9 t place
 z to be a praise & an example bo? 9 !  
city ( our habitation & 9 o!r cities ( !
 l&4'  ',reveal to me1 ,o ,god1 ! "r    
tactics1 ! "r way & me?od ( proce$+ 9 ! 
managem5t ( ! affairs ( ! ,we/ ,port4   
,oh t ,i 7 enabl$ to pull d[n !         
/rongholds ( s9 & ( ,satan :i* are !re6'
  ',o my ,god1 give me ! p[] ( ord]+    
matt]s aright 9 ! ,we/ ,port4444  ,& m  
especially1 ,o ,god1 let me und]/& ,?y w
 9 reg>d to ! "r place & p]=mances ( a  
female ag5cy4'  ',draw close !          
affections & aff9ity betwe5 ,mr4 ,task] 
& ! families ( ! ,we/ ,port4444 ,d ,?\  

guide & enc\rage him1 ,o ,"l4444  ,oh   
may he n only be himself sav$1 b may he 
be ! in/rum5t ( salvation to _m2 & may  
bo? he & ,i be c>ri$ 9 safety1 & at l5g?
 ) triumph1 to t prosp]\s t]m9ation =   
:i* we are jo9tly lab\r+6'   ,we h no   
space to dwell fur!r on ! hi/ory ( !    
,we/ ,port4  ,! sweep ( ! exp]im5t 0    
complete4 ,on #ai? ,febru>y #ahdg a new 
*ur* 0 op5$2 & on ! #be? ,april1 "o mon?
 be=e 8 dea?1 ,dr4 ,*alm]s adm9i/]$ !   
,"l's ,supp] to ! congregation4  ,on t  
occasion he said to ,mr4 ,task]1 ',i h  
got n[ ! desire ( my he>t2 ,god has     
inde$ answ]$ my pray]1 & ,i c\ld n[ lay 
d[n my head 9 peace & die4' ,& he wrote 
to ,mr4 ,l5nox1 ',i wi% to communicate  
:at to me is ! mo/ joyful ev5t ( my     
life4  ,i h be5 int5t = ?irty ye>s on ! 
completion ( a t]ritorial exp]im5t1 & ,i
 h n[ to bless ,god = ! consummation (  
x4'  ,x may be well to add t "u ,mr4    
,task] & 8 successors ! cause has       
prosp]$ greatly4  ,aft] be+ enl>g$      
twice1 ! orig9al *ur* /ill prov$ too    

small1 & a new & spaci\s build+ 0 erect$
 a little way (f4  ,! congregation n[   
numb]s upw>ds ( #acjj communicants4 ,(  
c\rse x is n :olly t]ritorial2 p t h    
become atta*$ to a *ur* _c be driv5 out 
( x :5 !y leave ! neighb\rhood2 b ! old 
build+ is /ill reta9$ z a mission *ur*1 
& ! t]ritorial "w cont9ues4  ,9 ! ,free 
,*ur* 9 ,ed9burgh ! exp]im5t 0 repeat$  
_m times1 new t]ritorial *ur*es 9 poor &
 ne$y di/ricts hav+ be5 erect$ at       
,holyrood1 ,pleasance1 ,back (          
,canongate 7,moray71 ,c[gate1 ,c[gate   
,head1 & ,f\nta9bridge4  ,9 ,glasg[ !re 
h be5 _m m1 & sev]al 9 ! o!r l>ge t[ns (
 ,scotl&4  ,! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* has /riv5 
) great success to h its ext5sion *ur*es
 end[$1 !reby c>ry+ into effect !       
orig9al idea ( ,*alm]s4  ,& yet1 9 spite
 ( all ?is1 ! aim ( ,*alm]s is z f> f   
be+ realis$ z ev]4 ,) ! increas+        
population1 ! numb] ( p]sons1 9 our l>ge
 t[ns especially1 :o h no connection )  
any *ur* is l>g] ?an 9 ,*alm]s's "t4    
,&1 alas6  ! wave ( scepticism & (      

secul>ism t is pass+ ov] u int5sifies ! 
evil & magnifies ! difficulty4  ,9      
connection ) 8 public lab\rs1 x only    
rema9s = u to adv]t to 8 "w z pr(essor (
 !ology dur+ ! la/ few ye>s ( 8 life4   
,x _h long be5 8 desire to r$uce 8      
lectures to a =m t w\ld convey ! fruits 
( 8 mature/ reflections1 bo? on !       
cr$5tials & cont5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian        
revelation4  ,:5 he began 8 ,horae      
,biblicae ,quotidianae & ,sabbaticae1 he
 began at ! same "t to cond5se &        
recon/ruct 8 lectures2 ! two works      
advanc$ p>i passu2 ! dev\t /udy ( !     
,scriptures w5t h& 9 h& ) ! endeav\r1 9 
! _s ( ! ,baconian philosophy1 to pres5t
 ! sub/ance ( _! cont5ts4  ,h5ce arose 8
 ,in/itutes ( ,!ology--a "w :i* has     
receiv$ f> too little att5tion s9ce     
,g]man !ology began to sup]s$e our own1 
b :i* may "o day1 9 "s future age1 be   
valu$ z x %\ld4  ,b ! great m]it (      
,*alm]s z a pr(essor lay 9 ! en?usiasm )
 :i* he inspir$ 8 /ud5ts4  ,x w\ld h be5
 h>d inde$ = any consci5ti\s y\? to be  

"u him & n feel 8 s\l quick5$1 at lea/  
occasionally1 to a sublime ard\r1 & fir$
 ) a new ambition4 ,s wond]ful 0 8      
influ5ce1 t at ! ,disruption n9e-t5?s ( 
^? :o pass$ ?r\gh 8 classes /ood by 8   
side4 ,! pres5t writ]1 ?\gh he sp5t b "o
 session "u him be=e ! ,disruption1 c   
be> te/imony1 n only to ! intellectual &
 spiritual impulse he gave1 b to !      
subtle sympa?y :i* drew 8 /ud5ts to %>e 
8 *ur* views1 ?\gh he nev] allud$ to !m 
9 ! class1 & to ! en?usiasm ) :i* !y    
li/5$ to him 9 ! ,g5]al ,assembly4  ,he 
well knew t 9 ! ,free ,*ur* ! mass ( !  
m9i/]s w\ld be b poorly paid1 & t !re 0 
all ! great] reason :y !y %\ld be well  
equipp$ by sup]ior s*ol>%ip1 &          
especially by sup]ior piety1 = _! (fice4
  ,& 9 ?is he 0 highly successful4      
,aft] ?ree sessions 9 ! ,free ,*ur*     
,college1 he c\ld te/ify t ! /ud5ts ( 8 
la/ session /ood ! highe/ ( any he _h   
kn[n1 n only 9 g5]al pr(ici5cy &        
s*ol>%ip1 b also 9 _! s5se ( div9e ?+s1 
& devot$ness 9 he>t & _s to ! great     

objects ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry4  ,9 8 lat] 
ye>s1 x 0 8 practice to invite 8 /ud5ts 
to private int]views = spiritual        
conv]sation & pray]4  ,on #d? ,june     
#ahdf1 he laid ! f\ndation-/one ( !     
,free ,*ur* ,college4  ,x _h be5        
consid]$ a great /roke ( policy t ! mo/ 
comm&+ site 9 ! city _h be5 secur$ = !  
build+4  ,! writ] ( ?is sket*1 :o 0     
pres5t on ! occasion1 rememb]s 8 gr&    
appe>ance aft] ! c]emony1 :5 8 noble    
head appe>$ above a confus$ pile ( /ones
 & timb]s2 &1 produc+ a scrap ( pap]    
cov]$ ) %or?& hi]oglyphics1 he          
apologis$1 ) a broad smile1 = tak+ to '!
 pap]1' see+ x 0 b a scrap1 :]eas if he 
7 to speak extempore1 8 rem>ks might    
become an 'int]m9able rigm>ole4'  ,n a  
little ( ! %ort spee* 0 address$ to !   
workm5 engag$ 9 ! build+4  ,t de> object
 ( 8 life1 to raise ! work+ population  
to a high] level ( life 9 ! be/ s5se ( !
 ^w1 came back on him 9 all its /r5g?4  
,)9 ! walls to be erect$1 !re w\ld be1  
he said1 no false !ories ( equality     

taught or c\nt5anc$2 b !re 0 "o equality
 betwe5 man & man t w\ld be /r5u\sly    
en=c$1--! ess5tial equality ( human     
s\ls2 x w\ld be taught t1 9 ! high c\nt 
& reckon+ ( et]nity1 ! s\l ( ! poore/ ( 
nature's *ildr51 ! ragg$e/ boy t ran    
along ! pavem5t1 0 ( l e/imation 9 ! eye
 ( ,heav5 ) ! greate/ & noble/ ( ! l&4  
,! "y m5 9 t college w\ld ev] be taught 
t1 ?\gh _! education might fit !m = !   
company ( pr9ces & pe]s1 x w\ld be _!   
peculi> glory to be visitants ( ! poor  
man's humble cottage1 & to pray by !    
poor man's dy+ b$4  ',heav5 grant t !   
plat=m ( humble life may be rais$       
immeasurably high] ?an at pres5t1 &     
?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( x--t ! mighty ho/  
:o sw>m ^u its surface1 br\ght "u !     
elevat+ p[] ( ! ,gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 
& s rescu$ f grovell+ ignorance &       
loa?some dissipation1 may rise to a full
 equality ) ourselves 9 all t is        
*>act]i/ic ( humanity1 & take _! place1 
along ) u1 side by side1 on ! foot+ (   
k9dr$ & companionable m54'  ,he !n made 

a graceful allusion to ! "y que51 :o _h 
m]cifully escap$ "o ( ^? horrible       
attempts on h] life t occurr$ 9 ! e>li] 
"p ( h] reign2 pray$ t %e might long    
cont9ue to adorn h] exalt$ position1 &  
conclud$ by call+ = ?ree *e]s on h]     
behalf4  ,?us ! college ( ! ,free ,*ur* 
0 f\nd$ on a cordial recognition ( bo?  
ends ( ! social scale3 ) b5evol5t wi%es 
= ! work+ multitude on ! "o h&1 & a     
cordial & loyal tribute to ! ,sov]eign  
on ! o!r4  ,! la/ ( ! public s]vices    
r5d]$ by ,dr4 ,*alm]s to ! ,free ,*ur*  
consi/$ ( a pap] on ! education "q1 & ( 
8 evid5ce be=e ! ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( 
,commons on ! refusal ( sites4  ,x 0    
ab\t ! "t :5 ! "q ( national education 0
 com+ full into ! ar5a ( discussion2 &1 
at ! reque/ ( ,mr4 ,fox ,maule1 aft]w>ds
 ,e>l ( ,dalh\sie1 ,*alm]s1 :o _h giv5  
mu* att5tion to ! subject1 record$ 8    
views 9 a %ort pap]4  ,! difficulty 0   
ab\t ! introduction ( religion4  ,dr4   
,*alm]s's view 0 sub/antially t :i* 0   
subsequ5tly act$ ^u3 he advis$ t !re    

%\ld be no legislative enactm5t on !    
subject ( religion1 b t ! regulation (  
?is %\ld be left to ! gov]n+ bodies ( ! 
sev]al s*ools4  ,n t religion 0         
unimportant1 b ! v rev]se2 b because !  
,*ri/ian *ur* 0 s divid$ t x c\ld be f> 
bett] se5 to by ! local manag]s4 ,to ?is
 he add$ a consci5ce clause2 ! result   
be+ sub/antially ! sy/em :i* prevails 9 
,scotl& at ! pres5t day4  ,he took      
occasion to add1 ',we despair ( any good
 be+ done 9 ! way ( ,*ri/ianis+ our     
population b ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a gov]nm5t 
!mselves ,*ri/ian1 & end[+ ! true       
religion1 :i* ,i hold to be _! imp]ative
 duty1 n because x is ! religion ( ! _m1
 b because x is true4'  ,x 0 9 ! la/    
mon? ( 8 life t he set out = ,london1 to
 meet ! ,site ,committee4  ,on ! #i?    
,may #ahdg he prea*$ 9 ,m>ylebone       
,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ') m com=t ?an ,i   
ev] did 9 ,london4' ,aft] reply+ to !   
que/ions put by ! committee ?r\gh ,mr4  
,maule1 he enc\nt]$ an onslaught f ,sir 
,james ,graham1 :o came arm$ ) a bundle 

( pap]s conta9+ spee*es1 etc41 (        
,*alm]s1 by means ( :i* he ?\ght to     
entangle him4  ,aft] 8 long exam9ation  
be=e ,sir ,james appe>$1 ,*alm]s 0      
some:at exhau/$1 b he r\s$ himself1 &   
met him 9 ! _s ( a practis$ w>rior4  ,! 
only po9t ( importance rais$ by ,sir    
,james arose out ( ! ,london lectures1 9
 :i* he _h spok5 v fav\rably ( ! ,*ur* (
 ,engl&4  ',i told him t ,i did n       
advocate ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&2 t ,i felt m  
hopeful ( x !n ?an n[1 :5 l to be ov]run
 by ,puseyism2 t ev5 !n ,i d5\nc$ its   
figm5t ( an ,apo/olical succession1 &1  
)\t directly attack+ its ,era/ianism1   
spoke ( our own indep5d5ce1 & 9 t]ms :i*
 provok$ ! jeal\sy ( ,engli% *ur*m51'   
etc4  etc4  ,b a great "p ( ! exam9ation
 conc]n$ ! vot+ ( wom5 at ! election (  
(fice-be>]s & ! l2 a paltry "q1 z ,dr4  
,*alm]s call$ x1 hav+ no sort (         
reasonable connection ) ! refusal (     
sites4  ',we conclud$1' ,dr4 ,*alm]s    
wrote to 8 wife1 '9 a /ate ( great      
exhau/ion1 yet ) an erect demean\r &    

visage unaba%$4'  ,we conclude ) a      
glimpse ( 8 m private life 9 ! few ye>s 
prec$+ 8 dea?4  ,unwe>i$ z he ev] 0 9 8 
endeav\r to cultivate ! affections ( 8  
*ildr51 & impress !m ) ! mo/ s]i\s      
responsibilities ( life1 8 int]e/ 9 !m  
seems only to h deep5$ z !y grew up4    
,he began a s]ies ( mon?ly lett]s to be 
address$ to ea* 9 succession1 & c>ri$ x 
on = a consid]able "t4  ,two ( 8 six    
daught]s 7 m>ri$1 b !y 7 n exclud$ f !  
privilege ( 8 fa!rly correspond5ce4  ,& 
by & by1 a gr&son1 ,?omas ,*alm]s       
,hanna1 0 old en\gh to receive lett]s   
fitt$ to int]e/ him1 & draw 8 affections
 to s lov+ a gr&fa!r4 ,x is /range1     
inde$1 t any biograph] ( ,*alm]s %\ld h 
repres5t$ him 7z ,mrs4 ,oliphant has    
done7 z n %[+ social affection4  ',my   
ev] de> ,anne1' ',my de>e/ ,eliza1' ',my
 de>e/ ,grace1' 7 8 ord9>y salutations1 
& ! _s ( ! lett]s correspond$ to !      
address4  ,v t\*+ is 8 lett] to 8 elde/ 
daught] on ! dea? ( a belov$ infant4  ,z
 = 8 gr&son1 he j revels 9 affection4   

',tell ,tommy h[ mu* ,i love him1 & pray
 = 8 be+ good4'  ,on occasion ( 8 la/   
visit to ,london1 he visit$ ! wid[ ( 8  
bro!r ,james1 & pray$ ) h]2 a lik5ess ( 
8 bro!r 0 %[n him1 & impress$ him s mu* 
t x haunt$ him = days4  ,?is 0 ! bro!r t
 _h held himself s mu* alo( bo? f him & 
all ! family4  ,9 8 la/ visit to 8      
native ,an/ru!r & its neighb\rhood1 9   
#ahde1 8 un*ang$ & un*angeable affection
 = ! sc5es & fri5ds ( 8 y\? %[$ a       
m>vell\s fre%ness & t5acity4  ,_m are ! 
/ories ( 8 pleasure 9 recall+ memorials 
( ! pa/4  ,he hunt$ up an old           
s*oolfell[1 a tailor1 & told him t he _h
 be5 ! fir/ to acqua9t him ) ! =m ( !   
e>?4  ,he congratulat$ ano!r s*oolfell[1
 :o1 l himself1 _h suff]$ f smallpox1 t 
:ile o!r p's faces 7 'aye gett+ ! waur1 
!irs 7 always gett+ ! bett] o' ! we>6'  
,he s\ght out ! place :]e ,lizzie       
,gre5's wat]-bucket us$ to /&1 :]e he & 
8 heat$ playfell[s _h (t5 be5 all[$ v   
k9dly to slake _! ?ir/4 ,b mo/ pa!tic 0 
8 visit to ! h\se ( ,b>nsmuir4  ,:5 he 0

 "s twelve or f\rte5 ye>s old1 ! elde/  
daught] ( t h\se _h be5 9 ! habit ( rid+
 into ,an/ru!r on a little pony1 &      
,*alm]s _h conceiv$ a deep & t5d]       
atta*m5t to h]1 l t ( ,"l ,byron = 8    
,m>y ,duff4  ,! "y lady 0 m>ri$ :ile he 
0 at college1 & %e _h di$ _m ye>s be=e  
?is visit4  ,at 8 special reque/ h]     
y\nge/ si/] met him at ,b>nsmuir4  ,9 ! 
h\se1 ! remembrance ( t e>ly love came  
^u him ) s+ul> p[]2 he ask$ respectfully
 ab\t h] life & dea?1 & le>n$ ) deep    
emotion t %e _h di$ 9 ! full ,*ri/ian   
hope1 & t "s ( 8 lett]s to h] si/] _h   
soo!d & com=t$ h]4  ,he !n ask$ if !re 7
 any portrait ( h]1 & be+ %[n a pr(ile1 
gaz$ on x ) great e>ne/ness1 fix$ 8 own 
c>d on ! back ( x1 &1 gaz+ on x aga91   
gave expression to 8 /rong affection1 & 
bur/ into a flood ( te>s4  ,x 0 a t\*+  
pro(1 z 8 biograph] has said1 t he 0 z  
mu* di/+ui%$ = ! t5d]ness & t5acity ( 8 
atta*m5ts z = ! brilliance ( 8 gifts4   
,dr4 ,*alm]s 0 ev] v simple1 & yet 9 "s 
respects s+ul>1 9 8 habits ( life4      

,ab/emi\s he 0 to a degree2 ev] wat*ful 
le/ he %\ld at any "t be 9 a condition (
 body t w\ld int]f]e ) ! activity ( 8   
intellectual & spiritual nature2 at     
times1 at lea/1 practis+ total ab/95ce1 
& always great mod]ation 9 bo? food &   
dr9k4  ,x 0 8 usual practice to sp5d !  
e>ly "p ( ! day 9 composition & /udy2 he
 s c>efully excogitat$ 8 subjects t he 0
 ev] ready to use 8 p51 nev] oblig$ to  
loit] 9 ord] to =m 8 plan or %ape 8     
?\ght1 b able to write rapidly z soon z 
! p5 0 9 8 h&1 & seldom or nev]         
correct+4  ,8 h&writ+ 0 any?+ b elegant1
 yet v *>act]i/ic2 ! upright lett]s1 !  
firmness ( ea* /roke1 & ! cont9uity ( ! 
:ole indicat+ decision1 =ce1 & fl[4 ,s  
exact 0 8 view1 t he c\ld calculate =   
weeks & mon?s be=eh& ! rate ( 8 progress
 & ! day :5 ea* piece ( writ+ w\ld be   
f9i%$4  ,8 rem>kable calculat+ or c\nt+ 
faculty 0 br\ght into op]ation 9 :at we 
%\ld call fanta/ic ways4  ,9 /ropp+ 8   
razor1 he w\ld beg9 ) two /rokes1 next  
day ?ree1 & s on till he rea*$ a maximum

 numb]2 !n he w\ld rev]se ! process &   
gradually dim9i% till he came back to   
two4  ,9 walk+ he put 8 /aff to ! gr\nd 
regul>ly at ea* f\r? /ep2 c\nt+1 if he  
*ose1 ! numb] ( 8 /eps1 & able to keep  
c\nt ev5 if he %\ld meet a fri5d & walk 
) him 9 animat$ conv]sation4  ,:5 he    
liv$ 9 ,inv]lei? ,r[ he delight$ to f9d 
new r\tes to ! univ]sity1 & asc]ta9 &   
record _! sev]al l5g?s4  ,"o day1 z he  
told a fav\rite /ud5t1 he _h be5 try+ to
 f9d a ne> road betwe5 ,comely ,bank &  
,inv]lei? ,r[1 b got entangl$1 z he put 
x 9 8 orig9al way1 '9 ! accessories ( a 
f>mh\se1 :]e ,i 0 set ^u by a ma/iff1 & 
s oblig$ to turn back4'  ,we h not$ 8   
delight 9 asc5d+ ca!dral t[]s1 & 8      
inv>iable habit ( c\nt+ ! /eps4  ,at any
 fam\s /ream he w\ld lap ! wat]1 ?us    
mak+ ! connection m intimate betwe5 !   
/ream & himself4  ,8 love ( ord] 0      
rem>kable1 ?\gh "o might n h suppos$ x f
 8 g5]al mann]4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ! p[] (      
ord]l9ess t he 0 able to a*ieve all he  
did )9 ! compass ( 8 life4  ,by v>y+ 8  

employm5ts1--n[ writ+1 n[ visit+ or     
att5d+ meet+s1 n[ travell+1 n[ prea*+ or
 lectur+1 n[ ent]ta9+ fri5ds1 n[ read+ &
 pond]+1 he kept himself comp>atively   
fre%1 & seem$ at all times ready = new  
"w4  ',nulla dies s9e l9ea' might h be5 
8 motto1 _h x n be5 t e day _h half a   
doz5 l9ea 9 place ( "o4  ,8 read+1 aft] 
he became a pr(essor1 0 consid]able1    
p>tly 9 !ological books1 p>tly 9 books (
 practical religion1 & to a small ext5t 
9 g5]al lit]ature4  ,s little direct    
sign ( any?+ ,%akespe>ean is !re 9 8    
writ+s t x r surprises u to f9d him     
record+ t[>ds ! end ( 8 life t he _h    
complet$ an entire p]usal ( ! great     
dramati/1 z well z ( ,milton & ,gibbon4 
,he consid]$ ,%akespe>e 'an intellectual
 miracle1 ! greate/ man t ev] liv$4'  ,8
 fav\rite piece 0 ,midsumm] ,night's    
,dream1 %[+1 z ,dr4 ,pet] ,bayne has    
rem>k$1 't aft] all ! /ruggles & worries
 ( 8 life1 he /ill walk$ 9 ! a]ial      
gaiety1 ! _m-t9t$1 summ]like beauty1 !  
g5ial ?\gh ke5 sagacity ( t poem4  ,x is

 a v rem>kable circum/ance1 tell+ ( a   
g5tl5ess ( nature1 a k9d1 gleesome      
hum\r1 an exub]ant1 un/ra9$ =ce &       
fre%ness ( intellect1 r>ely se5 among   
!ologians4'  ,9 ! prosecution ( 8       
incessant lab\rs1 he 0 no d\bt          
consid]ably help$ by 8 s5se ( hum\r4    
,he knew well ! relaxation & ! refre%m5t
 d]iv$ f a good laugh4  ,_m a humor\s   
/ory he us$ to tell4 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite   
/ories ref]r$ to a boor :o 0 gett+      
m>ri$1 b 0 su* a dolt t he c\ld n give  
an answ] to ! que/ions ( ! m9i/]4  ,"o (
 ! man's neighb\rs :o 0 pres5t1 *agr9$  
at su* want ( mann]s1 & desir+ to give !
 fell[ a ne$$ lesson 9 etiquette1 gave  
him a slap on ! back1 & said1 ',ye      
brute1 c y no' boo to ! m9i/]8'  ,& x   
matt]$ n if ! /ory told aga9/ himself4  
,:5 ! a/ronomical disc\rses 7 deliv]$1  
,dr4 ,*alm]s came on an hone/ woman :o  
_h be5 he>+ "o ( !m1 & 0 curi\s to "k   
:at %e c\ld make ( x4 ',weel1 sir1' said
 ! woman1 ',i canna say t ,i und]/ood ye
 a'!ge!r1 b1 ,o sir1 !re 0 some?+ unco  

suitable & satisfy9' 9 y\r psalms6'     
,dur+ 8 visit to ,london 9 connection ) 
! ,site ,committee 9 ,may #ahdg1 he _h  
greatly enjoy$ 8 int]c\rse ) _m         
fri5ds--among !m ,isaac ,taylor1 ,james 
,hamilton1 ,bapti/ ,noel1 ,mr4 ,morell1 
& ,?omas ,c>lyle4 ,he describ$ ,c>lyle z
 'a /rong-featur$ man1 & ( /rong s5se4  
,we 7 mo/ cordial & coalesc+1 & he v    
complim5t>y & pleasant2 b 8 talk 0 n at 
all ,c>lyli%2 mu* r ! pla9 & ord9>y     
conv]sation ( good1 ord9>y common-s5se1 
) a deal ( he>ty laugh+ on bo? sides4'  
,*alm]s greatly lam5t$ ! ali5ation :i*  
he saw betwe5 ! *ur*es & ! body ( lit]>y
 & sci5tific m54  ,he enl>g$ on         
'localism' & ! ,we/ ,port2 no?+ 0 too   
h>d = 'localism4'  ,c>lyle rem>k$       
aft]w>ds to a fri5d1 ',:at a wond]ful   
old man ,*alm]s is6  or1 r1 he has all !
 buoyancy ( y\?4  ,:5 s _m ( u are wr++ 
our h&s 9 hopeless despair ov] ! vil5ess
 & wret*$ness ( ! l>ge t[ns1 !re goes ! 
old man1 %ovel 9 h&1 d[n into ! dirtie/ 
puddles ( ! ,we/ ,port ( ,ed9burgh1     

cleans !m out1 & fills ! sew]s ) liv+   
wat]s4  ,x is a beautiful sight4'  ,aft]
 a fly+ visit to ,brighton1 :]e he      
prea*$ = "o ( 8 =m] /ud5ts1 he proce$$  
to ,gl\ce/]%ire1 & sp5t a happy "t ) 8  
ev] de> si/] ,jane4  ,on ,sunday he     
prea*$ 8 la/ s]mon 9 ! ,indep5d5t *apel 
( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,dove1 f ! text ,isaiah  
xxvii4 #d1 #e4  ,a brief visit 0 paid at
 ,d>l+ton at ! h\se ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4      
,backh\se1 'a mo/ delici\s abode4' ,he 0
 pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 ,mrs4 ,backh\se's   
acc\nt ( ! heav5ly /ate ( m9d ( h] fa!r 
= "s "t be=e 8 dea?2 :ile ,mrs4         
,backh\se 0 h]self deeply /ruck ) ! v   
same _s 9 him4  ,dur+ ?is visit ! :ole (
 8 j\rnal lett]s _h be5 address$ to 8   
wife2 on ,?ursday 7! #bg?7 he wrote to  
h]1 ',?is is my la/ %eet4 ,to-morr[ ev5+
 ,i expect to see y by ! fav\r ( ,him ^:
 "r h& pres]ves u cont9ually1 & = ^:    
grace on u all ,i ev] pray4--,i ev] am1 
my de>e/ ,grace1 y\rs mo/               
affectionately1 ,?omas ,*alm]s4'  ,he   
arriv$ at 8 h\se 9 ,morn+side on !      

,friday ev5+ 7#b #h? ,may71 app>5tly 9 8
 usual heal? & /r5g?4  ,on ! foll[+     
morn+1 at breakfa/1 8 conv]sation 0 z   
lively & vigor\s z ev]4  ,! =5oon ( !   
,saturday 0 occupi$ 9 prep>+ ! ,college 
,report1 :i* he 0 to give 9 on ,monday  
to ! ,g5]al ,assembly4  ,on ! ,sabba?   
morn+ he conv]s$ freely ) ! ,rev4 ,mr4  
,gemmel1 :o 0 /ay+ at 8 h\se2 aft]w>ds )
 ,dr4 ,cunn+ham2 !n att5d$ aft]noon     
s]vice 9 ,morn+side ,free ,*ur*1 & on 8 
way home call$ on ,mrs4 ,c\tts1 an old  
,fife%ire fri5d1 ( high ,*ri/ian "*4    
,"p ( ! ev5+ 0 sp5t 9 writ+ to 8 si/]1  
,mrs4 ,morton1 & 9 conv]sation ) ,mr4   
,gemmel4  ,8 family nev] saw him m g5ial
 & happy4  ,aft] wor%ip1 he bade 8      
family rememb] t !y mu/ be e>ly         
to-morr[2 !n he wav$ 8 h& & said1 ',a   
g5]al good-night4'  ,on ! foll[+ morn+  
he 0 f\nd dead 9 b$4  ,x seem$ likely1 f
 ! /ate ( ! body1 t 8 _s _h dep>t$ soon 
aft] he lay d[n4  ,!re 0 n ! slighte/   
trace ( /ruggle1 ei!r on ! face or 9 !  
attitude ( ! body4  ,nev] did dea? give 

a light] t\*4  ,9 a fun]al s]mon prea*$ 
by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,l9dsay ,alex&]1 ! mode 
( 8 dep>ture 0 beautifully idealis$4    
,he recall$ a passage 9 "o ( ,dr4       
,*alm]s's s]mons1 9 :i* he fancies a man
 '/&+ on ! m>g9 ( ?is gre5 _w1' & feel+ 
himself v closely b\nd to '! region (   
s5se1 & ( life1 & ( society'2 b sudd5ly 
arre/$ by see+ "s happy isl& ( ! ble/   
float+ pa/1 '9 ! light ( its surpass+   
glories1 & its s\nds ( sweet] melody1 & 
a pur] beauty re/+ on e field'3 disc]n+ 
also 9 its inhabitants 'a peace1 & a    
piety1 & a b5evol5ce t put a moral      
gladness into e bosom1 & unit$ ! :ole   
society 9 rejoic+ sympa?y ) ea* o!r1 & )
 ! b5efic5t ,fa!r ( !m all'2 obs]v+1    
moreov]1 signals ( welcome = himself1 & 
an op5 pa?way ( communication to ! isl&2
 insomu* t he is captivat$ by ! sight2  
e>? becomes a wild]ness1 & '! l& (      
invitation' attracts him ) irresi/ible  
p[]4   ',) ?is gr& passage 9 my m9d1'   
said ,dr4 ,l9dsay ,alex&]1' ,i c\ld n b 
fancy him :o utt]$ x1 z realis+ at !    

mom5t ( 8 dep>ture "s ( ! features ( !  
case "h suppos$4  ,i pictur$ to myself  
h[1 :5 ! premonitory t\* ( ! ,de/roy]   
broke 8 slumb]s1 he might imag9e = a    
mom5t t he _h be5 summon$ to 8 appo9t$  
"w1 & h[1 ca/+ 8 eye ^u ! mat]ials he _h
 prep>$1 he might beg9 to turn1 ) no    
reluctant emotion1 8 ?\ghts ^u ! duties 
) :i* he 0 *>g$2 b 9 an in/ant ano!r    
sc5e bur/ ^u 8 view2 a bright] radiance 
?an t ( ! morn+ sun fell ^u 8 br[2      
sweet] voices ?an ^? ( wife or *ild     
broke ^u 8 e>2 a gr&] c>e] ( s]vice ?an 
any e>? c\ld furni% /ret*$ be=e him2 !  
h& ( ,"o m glori\s f> ?an any *ild ( man
 hung out to him ! signals ( welcome2 &1
 z he gaz$1 he ackn[l$g$ ! sup]ior      
claims ( t bright] _w1 & laid himself   
meekly d[n1 & s 8 _s pass$ rejoic+ly    
away1 leav+ 8 e>?ly tab]nacle ) a smile 
^u ! lips1 & n "o %ade ( suff]+ on !    
br[4'   ,on t ,monday morn+1 ! ,g5]al   
,assembly met to receive 8 ,college     
,report4  ,:5 ! sad news came1 ! %ock 0 
s ov]:elm+ t x w\ld h be5 impossible to 

look at bus9ess1 ev5 if respect = 8     
memory _h n dem&$ an adj\rnm5t4  ,z m5  
recov]$ some:at f ! fir/ %ock1 ! s5se ( 
b]eavem5t1 ( impov]i%m5t1 ( wid[hood1   
grew ! great]4  ,!re 7 _m m5 (          
extraord9>y gifts 9 t ,assembly1 b :o 0 
!re to be nam$ ) him8  ,an unprec$5t$   
conc\rse ( m\rn]s1 mu* great] ?an _h ev]
 be5 se5 at an ,ed9burgh fun]al1 foll[$ 
8 body to ! grave4  ,& f e pulpit1 & f  
o!r qu>t]s innum]able1 ! mo/ respectful 
& cordial tributes 7 paid to 8 memory4  
,x 0 felt t s9ce ! days ( ,knox no su*  
man _h be5 kn[n 9 ! ,scotti% *ur*4  ,8  
greatness 0 %[n alike by :at he 0 & :at 
he _h done4  ,he seem$ to comb9e !      
orator & ! /atesman1 ! ecclesia/ic & !  
patriot1 ! philosoph] & ! poet1 !       
sci5ti/ & ! sa9t4 ,no man _h ev] be5 s  
run aft] z a pulpit orator4  ,no man ( 8
 day _h ev] conceiv$ s great und]tak+s  
or done s mu* to realise !m4  ,8 two    
hundr$ *ur*es a/oni%$ e "o2 8           
,su/5tation ,fund a/oni%$ /ill m4  ,)   
!ology 9 ! =efront1 8 horizon includ$   

philosophy1 physical sci5ce1 social     
sci5ce1 political economy1 & lit]ature2 
& = ea* & all ( ^! he f\nd a place & a  
use 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,god4  ,& ) all 8      
greatness he 0 simple z a *ild4  ,l 8   
,ma/]1 'he made himself ( no            
reputation'--nev] s\ght great ?+s =     
himself4  ,! _w1 & ev5 ! *ur*1 h>dly    
knew h[ ne> he liv$ to ,god--h[ mu* he  
_h ( ! sa9t4  ,he 0 kn[n to be v affable
 & affectionate1 b ! dep? & t5d]ness ( 8
 affection1 especially = 8 own family1 7
 h>dly suspect$4  ,:5 x 0 ann\nc$ t1 )  
all 8 gifts & graces1 he _h pass$ f     
among 8 bre?r51 x seem$ z if ! brighte/ 
/> 9 ! firmam5t _h ceas$ to %9e4  ,x is 
an int]e/+ "q--if ,*alm]s _h be5 alive  
at ! pres5t day1 :at w\ld he h ?\ght ( !
 position ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( !       
,scotti% *ur*1 & :at c\nsel w\ld he h   
giv5 to !m on ! subject ( union8  ,to   
answ] ^! que/ions we mu/ be> two ?+s 9  
m9d3 fir/1 t he held ! rec5t treatm5t ( 
! *ur* by ! civil c\rts1 & virtually by 
! /ate itself1 to be de/ructive ( h]    

lib]ty & h] life1 insomu* t x _h become 
an absolute necessity to ab&on          
connection ) ! /ate2 b1 second1 t he    
held ! /ate b\nd to contribute to !     
support ( ! *ur*1 & ! ,free ,*ur* b\nd  
to return to h] old connection1 provid$ 
! lib]ty %\ld be re/or$ & practically   
secur$ ( :i* %e _h be5 unrighte\sly     
depriv$4  ,w\ld he1 !n1 h held t lib]ty 
to be n[ re/or$1 & ! way to an          
hon\rable1 safe1 & b5eficial alliance   
reop5$8  ,we d\bt x4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly h 
se5 t1 9 po9t ( fact1 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* 
n[ enjoys a degree ( lib]ty t enables h]
 to dis*>ge ! ord9>y functions ( a      
,*ri/ian *ur* )\t ob/ruction1 & 9       
p>ticul> to cont9ue ) great success t v 
ent]prise ( *ur* ext5sion = :i* he ?\ght
 t %e w\ld be able to d no?+4 ,b he c\ld
 n h fail$ to see t ?is lib]ty 0 an     
indirect fruit ( ! ,disruption1 & t x 0 
quietly conc$$ to ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* 9   
ord] t %e might /& practically on ! same
 plat=m ( lib]ty ) ! noncon=mi/ *ur*es1 
& especially h] great rival ! ,free     

,*ur*4  ,he w\ld h f\nd no concession ( 
pr9ciple1 no ackn[l$gm5t by ! /ate or by
 ! civil c\rts ( an ess5tial diff]5ce   
betwe5 a ,*ri/ian *ur* & a civil        
corporation1 & no ackn[l$gm5t t ! *ur*1 
z ! creation ( ,*ri/1 enjoy$ privileges 
f ,him indep5d5t ( any /ate4  ,he w\ld h
 f\nd no repudiation ( ! dictum ( ! !n  
,"l ,presid5t t ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* _h no 
jurisdiction :atev] 9 ! c\ntry except   
:at _h be5 conf]r$ by ! /ate2 & he w\ld 
h f\nd no security t if a new collision 
%\ld occur betwe5 *ur* & /ate1 betwe5 ! 
worldly & ! spiritual p[]1 ! /ate w\ld  
repudiate h] old pr9ciples & policy4    
,fur!r1 ! cont5tion ( ,*alm]s 9 8       
,london lectures & 9 8 late/ deliv]ance 
7see p4 #adh7 always 01 t ! /ate ought  
to support religion1 n m]ely because p  
wi%$ x1 b because ! religion 0 true4    
,w\ld he1 !n1 h f\nd 9 ! memb]s ( !     
pres5t ,p>liam5t any su* value = reveal$
 tru?1 z su*1 z w\ld h giv5 him         
confid5ce 9 !m z its gu>dians8  ,a      
,p>liam5t t numb]$ ,agno/ics1 ,jews1    

,roman ,ca?olics1 ,unit>ians1 & :at n   
among its memb]s--h[ c\ld su* a body be 
a nurs+-fa!r or a nurs+-"m to ! ,*ri/ian
 *ur*8  ,su* a ,p>liam5t c\ld n safely  
be intru/$ ) its gu>dian%ip4 ,x 0 a v   
diff]5t condition ( ?+s :5 ! ,scotti%   
*ur* alli$ itself to ! ,scotti%         
,p>liam5t1 all or ne>ly all be+ memb]s (
 ! *ur*4  ,nor c\ld he h f\nd any cause 
= believ+ t at any future "t1 )9        
reasonable di/ance1 ! nurs+ ( ! *ur*    
c\ld be safely committ$ to p>liam5t>y   
h&s4  ,b :at !n8  ,!re 7 ?ree great     
,presbyt]ian *ur*es 9 ,scotl&1 ) mu* (  
_! res\rces wa/$ ?r\gh division1 b      
capable1 by reasonable arrangem5ts1 ( s 
comb9+ _! =ces t 8 gr& object--! br++ ( 
all ,scotl& "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ian    
tea*+--might at ! lea/ be greatly       
advanc$4  ,we c h>dly conceive ( any o!r
 advice t ,*alm]s w\ld h giv5 ?an t !   
v9culum ( /ate-connection %\ld be sev]$1
 & all ! ?ree *ur*es %\ld unite1 & r\se 
!mselves = "o great1 su/a9$1 imp]ial    
ef=t to turn ! c\ntry into ! g>d5 ( !   

,"l4 ,b :at ( ! end[m5ts8  ,x is j z    
difficult = u to conceive t he w\ld h   
be5 9 fav\r ( ali5at+ !m to secul>      
purposes4  ,no1 he w\ld h said1 t is n  
necess>y1 & %\ld n be2 keep !m = _!     
orig9al purpose1 & place !m "u "s public
 managem5t1 s t e congregation ( ! unit$
 body may h a %>e ( !m1 if x please4    
,?is 0 c]ta9ly 8 feel+ 9 a some:at      
p>allel case4  ,9 #ahcc1 :5 ! ,iri%     
,*ur* ,re=m ,bill 0 "u discussion1      
,*alm]s wrote to 8 si/]1 ,mrs4 ,morton1 
',i am reliev$ by ! bill1 ! only flaw 9 
x 7al?\gh t may be "o ( deadly mis*ief7 
be+ ! secul>isation ( ! sum :i* !y      
expect f ! sale ( *ur* l&s4'#f  ,we c   
readily conceive h[ ! great s\l (       
,*alm]s w\ld h exp&$ once m1 & 8 face   
beam$ z ! hope arose anew1 t ev5 yet 8  
belov$ c\ntry might realise 8 magnific5t
 ideal1 &1 by ,god's bless+ on ! lab\rs 
( a unit$ *ur*1 its wa/e & desolate     
places might yet blossom z ! rose4    #f
 ,correspond5ce ( ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 p4 #baf4
  ,no d\bt1 ,*alm]s di$ a disappo9t$    

man1 s f> z 8 great s*eme = ! good ( 8  
c\ntry 0 conc]n$4 ,he fail$1 & yet he   
did n fail4        ',if he /ra9$ too    
wide1     ,x 0 n to take hon\r1 b give  
help2     ,! ge/ure 0 h]oic4  ,if 8 h&  
,accompli%$ no?+--7well1 x is n prov$7  
,t empty h& ?r[n impot5tly out     ,7   
soon] caught1 ,i ?9k1 by ,"o 9 heav5    
,?an _m a h& t reap$ a h>ve/ 91     ,&  
keeps ! scy! gl[ on x4'   ,we love ! man
 = 8 noble aims & h]oic ef=ts2 & our    
love & admiration are only t\*$ ) a     
t5d]] feel+1 9 t1 :5 he fail$1 he did n 
abate "o jot ( he>t or hope = 8 *ur* &  
c\ntry1 b left beh9d him 8 ,we/ ,port   
exp]im5t z a monum5t ( :at 0 possible1 &
 an enc\ragem5t to all future g5]ations 
to cont9ue to *]i% :at _h prov$ = him--a
 hope unfulfill$4