,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,cage ,,birds3 ,,_! ,,managem5t1 ,,habits1 ,,food1 ,,diseases1 ,,treatm5t1 ,,bre$+1 ,,& ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,cat*+ ,,!m4 ,,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,be*/e91 ,m4,d41 c4 c41 ,,( ,,walt]%aus51 ,,9 ,,saxony4 ,illu/ration ,a ,,new ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,,groombridge ,,& ,,sons1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold5 ,,oriole4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,,cage ,,birds1 :i* ,i n[ lay be=e ! public1 is a "w ,i h long be5 solicit$ to write4 ,!re are _m p :o l to keep birds1 :o nei!r "k _! habits nor ! prop] treatm5t or food requisite = !m4 ,ev5 ^? :o are n altoge!r ignorant ( ^!1 (t5 h b v limit$1 sup]ficial1 &1 :at is worse1 sometimes errone\s ideas on ! subject4 ,x is = su* read]s ,i h giv5 ! foll[+ ,introduction2 = pr(ess$ naturali/s w f9d no?+ !re b :at !y h already le>nt1 ei!r f my own works or f ^? ( o!r au?ors on natural hi/ory4 ,if long exp]i5ce & m9ute obs]vation on ! subject ( 8 "w is calculat$ to ga9 an au?or cr$it1 ,i flatt] myself t ?is w n be d5i$ me1 s9ce f my e>lie/ y\? ,i h delight$ 9 be+ surr\nd$ ) birds1 & am s accu/om$ to !m t ,i _c write at my desk ) pleasure1 or ev5 ) att5tion1 unless animat$ by ! w>bl+ ( ! pleas+ little creatures :i* enliv5 my room4 ,my passion is c>ri$ s f>1 t ,i always h ab\t ?irty birds ar\nd me1 & ?is has naturally l$ me to consid] ! be/ & easie/ mode ( procur+ !m1 z well z ( fe$+ & pres]v+ !m 9 heal?4 ,few amateurs1 !re=e1 are bett] fitt$ ?an myself to write on ?is subject2 & ,i hope ,i h done x to ! satisfaction ( ! public4 ,i ought also to notice 9 ?is place ! plan ( my "w1 z my book may fall into ! h&s bo? ( ^? :o might feel a wi% to le>n m p>ticul>s1 & ( ^? :o may ?9k mu* less w\ld h suffic$4 ,i h describ$ all ! indig5\s ,european birds ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$ t are capable ( be+ tam$1 & are pleas+ 9 ! h\se4 ,z to =eign ones1 ,i h only spok5 ( ^? ,i h occasionally se5 9 ,g]many1 & :i* c be procur$ )\t mu* difficulty4 ,i h foll[$ ! same plan 9 _! natural hi/ory :i* ,i h pursu$ 9 my o!r works on birds4 ,,description4--,"u ?is head ,i h ent]$ into p>ticul> details1 9 ord] t ! amateur may ! bett] satisfy himself 9 discrim9at+ ! species & ! sex ( ! bird be=e him4 ,?is k is exce$+ly necess>y1 z ! bird-deal]s are n v scrupul\s 9 deceiv+ _! cu/om]s1 ei!r by sell+ "o species = ano!r1 or a female = a male4 ,^! descriptions may likewise h ! advantage ( inspir+ a ta/e = orni?ology 9 ! bosom ( a m]e amateur1 :o may1 by repeat$ obs]vations1 aft]w>ds enri* ?is bran* ( natural hi/ory ) 8 own rem>ks4 ,,habitation4--,on =m+ a wi% to possess any p>ticul> bird1 x is natural to try to discov] :at situations x frequ5ts 9 ord] to f9d x1 & :5 x has be5 f\nd & secur$1 a desire to "k ! be/ place to keep x 9 foll[s z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,,food4--,9 keep+ tame birds x is mo/ important to "k :at food is be/ adapt$ to ea* species2 t is to say1 :at approa*es ne>e/ to its natural alim5t4 ,i h !re=e divid$ ! directions on ?is po9t into two p>ts2 %[+ 9 ! fir/ ! natural food ( ! bird 9 its wild /ate1 & 9 ! second :at is be/ = x 9 conf9em5t4 ,,bre$+4--,_m birds succe$ be/ :5 re>$ f ! ne/1 :i* makes x necess>y to speak ( _! mann] ( be+ hat*$1 & ! l4 ,,diseases4--,birds be+ v t5d] creatures1 on pass+ f a /ate ( lib]ty to slav]y1 9 :i* !y lose ! means ( ex]cise & prop] food1 are soon afflict$ ) _m diseases occasion$ by ?is *ange alone1 )\t reckon+ o!rs t naturally foll[ 9 _! tra94 ,"u ?is head ,i endeav\r to po9t out ^!1 & _! prop] treatm5t2 b ,i confess t ?is is ! mo/ imp]fect "p ( my "w1 & ,i wi% "s clev] exp]i5c$ m$ical man w\ld take ! tr\ble to r5d] x m correct4 ,,*ase4--,on go+ into ! c\ntry a wi% (t5 arises to procure a bird1 & !re=e "u ?is head ,i h describ$ ! me?od ( cat*+ su* species z may be desir$4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,"u ?is head ,i h /at$ ! prop]ties :i* r5d] a bird wor?y ( our notice1 & ( be+ tam$ & kept 9 ! h\se4 ,! volume ends ) an alphabetical index1 :i* w enable a p]son in/antly to f9d ! birds ^: hi/ory he requires4 ,may my "w be z useful z x is my wi% to make x1 & my int5tions w be accompli%$4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,! call = a second edition is no inconsid]able pro( to me t ,i accompli%$ my purpose 9 ! fir/4 ,none ( my works h _h a m flatt]+ reception1 f all classes ( read]s2 b p>ticul>ly f "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$1 :o h giv5 me repeat$ pro(s ( _! satisfaction4 ,i h also _h ! pleasure ( assi/+ _m amateurs ) my exp]i5ce1 :o h hon\r$ me ) que/ions4 ,?is pleasure is n[ increas$ by be+ able to r5d] ^! in/ructions g5]al1 & to p]fect ?is new edition by lat] obs]vations1 "s communicat$ by o!rs1 :i* ,i judg$ x "r to introduce4 ,if any read] is surpris$ at n f9d+ 9 ?is "w _m =eign birds se5 9 ,france1 ,holl&1 or 9 "s ( ! m>itime t[ns ( ,g]many1 x is because ,i h nev] _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ !m myself3 9 a ^w1 x is v pleas+ to me to feel t my "w has increas$ ! numb] ( ! lov]s ( natural hi/ory2 & ,i hope to see !m /ill increas+4 ,x is1 inde$1 my e>ne/ wi% t x may contribute m & m to ! love ( t class ( attractive creatures ) :i* ! ,creator has adorn$ ! e>?1 & :i* s+ ,8 praises s melodi\sly & unceas+ly6 ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,a new edition ( my ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,cage ,birds hav+ be5 call$ =1 ,i h made _m additions & improvem5ts 9 ! "w1 z w appe> on comp>ison4 ,"s h alleg$ t ,i h be5 too diffuse 9 my descriptions1 & o!rs f9d fault t ,i h introduc$ birds difficult to tame1 su* z ! gold-cre/$ wr5 & ! common wr54 ,9 ! latt] case1 at lea/1 ! mo/ ample details are excusable1 z ! birds require m c>e2 yet ,i "k sev]al amateurs :o always h "o or two wr5s fly+ ab\t a room1 or 9 a cage1 & to let loose s delicate a little bird z ! gold-cre/$ wr5 always gives great pleasure4 ,besides1 ! m9ute/ detail c nev]1 9 su* cases1 d any h>m4 ,i h likewise add$ "s =eign birds1 sev]al ( :i* h be5 b rec5tly introduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry by bird deal]s4 ,,dreissack]1 ,novemb]1 #ahab4 ,,notice ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 ,! "w ( ,dr4 ,,be*/e9 ^u ,,cage ,,birds has be5 s highly e/eem$ on ! ,cont95t t x has pass$ ?r\gh sev]al editions1 bo? 9 ! orig9al & 9 translations4 ,besides r5d]+ z fai?fully z c>e c\ld effect1 ! int]e/+ details ( ! au?or1 num]\s notes h be5 add$1 z well z sev]al species introduc$1 :i* h rec5tly be5 kept ) success 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,hon4 & ,rev4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t1 ,mr4 ,sweet1 ,mr4 ,bly?1 & o!rs4 ,! mode ( managem5t also peculi> to ^!1 & s diff]5t 9 "s po9ts f t recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,be*/e91 has be5 giv5 9 detail4 ,x is to be hop$ t ?is translation may h simil> success1 & produce simil> effects 9 increas+ ! ta/e = ,natural ,hi/ory1 :i* ! orig9al has _h on ! ,cont95t4 ,x is prop] to add1 t ! draw+s ( cages1 :i* illu/rate ?is edition1 7 select$ by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,cato1 ,holborn ,bridge1 f ! num]\s elegant specim5s :i* 8 /ock conta9s4 ,,london1 ,novemb] #ahcg4 ,illu/ration ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,cage ,,birds4 ,,introduction4 ,by cage birds1 ,i mean ^? kept by amateurs1 = amusem5t1 9 _! ap>tm5ts1 g5]ally select$ = sweetness ( song or beauty ( plumage2 b ! naturali/ has o!r reasons = surr\nd+ himself ) ^! pleas+ creatures3 !y enliv5 him1 & he delights 9 /udy+ _! habits & *>act]s4 ,to atta9 ^! objects x is necess>y1 9 ! fir/ place1 to be able to di/+ui% readily betwe5 ! males & females1 s9ce ! =m] are g5]ally sup]ior 9 _! p[]s ( song1 & !re=e pref]able4 ,i h1 = ?is reason1 made a po9t1 9 ! foll[+ sket* ( ! hi/ory ( h\se birds1 ( %[+ ! col\rs & o!r m>ks :i* *>act]ise ! two sexes2 &1 z all birds _c be tam$1 :il/ _m o!rs (f] no inducem5t to make ! attempt1 x foll[s t ^? ab\t to be spok5 ( mu/ necess>ily be b a small proportion ( all ! kn[n species ( birds4 ,,songs ,,( ,,tame ,,birds4 ,:at is mo/ priz$ & admir$ 9 h\se birds is und\bt$ly _! song4 ,?is may be natural or artificial1 ! =m] be+ z v>i$ z ! species ( ! birds1 = ,i "k ( no two indig5\s species q simil> 9 _! song2 ,i ought1 p]haps1 to except ! ?ree species ( %rike ,i h giv51 :i*1 f _! surpris+ memory1 c imitate ! songs ( o!r birds s z to be mi/ak5 = !m3 b a naturali/ w\ld soon p]ceive a slight mixture ( ! song natural to ! imitator1 & ?us easily di/+ui% betwe5 ! %rike t copi$1 & ! titl>k or r$-brea/ copi$ f#a4 ,x is s mu* ! m important to be well v]s$ 9 ! diff]5t birds' songs1 z to ?is k alone we are indebt$ = sev]al curi\s obs]vations on ^! pretty creatures4 ,an artificial song is "o borr[$ f a bird t ! "y ones h he>d s++ 9 ! room1 a p]son's :i/l+1 a flageolet1 or a bird-organ4 ,ne>ly all birds1 :5 "y1 w le>n "s /ra9s ( airs :i/l$ or play$ to !m regul>ly e day2 b x is only ^? ^: memory is capable ( reta9+ ^! t w ab&on _! natural song1 & adopt flu5tly1 & repeat )\t hesitation1 ! air t has be5 taught !m4 ,?us1 a "y goldf9* le>ns1 x is true1 "s "p ( ! melody play$ to a bullf9*1 b x w nev] be able to r5d] x z p]fectly z ?is bird2 a diff]5ce n caus$ by ! great] or less suppl5ess ( ! organ1 b r by ! sup]iority ( memory 9 ! "o species ov] t ( ! o!r4 ,we di/+ui% 9 birds a *irp+ & w>bl+1 or song1 prop]ly s call$2 besides ?is1 sev]al species1 ) a l>ge1 fle%y1 undivid$ tongue1 are able to repeat articulate s\nds1 & !y are !n said to talk1 su* z p>rots & jays4 ,x is rem>kable1 t birds :i* d n s+ all ! ye>1 su* z ! r$-brea/1 sisk91 & goldf9*1 seem oblig$1 aft] m\lt+1 to le>n to w>ble1 z ?\gh !y _h =gott52 b ,i h se5 en\gh to conv9ce me t ^! attempts are m]ely to r5d] ! l>ynx pliant1 & are a k9d ( *irp+1 ! notes ( :i* h b little relation to ! prop] song2 = a slight att5tion w discov] t ! l>ynx becomes gradually capable ( giv+ ! common w>ble4 ,?is me?od ( recov]+ ! song does n !n %[ defici5cy ( memory1 b rigidity occasion$ by ! disuse ( ! l>ynx4 ,! *aff9* w ex]cise itself 9 ?is way "s weeks be=e x atta9s its =m] pr(ici5cy1 & ! night+ale practises z long ! /ra9s ( 8 beautiful song1 be=e he gives x full1 cle>1 & 9 all its ext5t#b4 ,! /r5g? & compass ( a bird's voice dep5d on ! size & proportionate =ce ( ! l>ynx4 ,9 ! female x is weak & small1 & ?is acc\nts = h] want ( song4 ,none ( our woodl& song/]s produces m /rik+1 vigor\s1 & prolong$ s\nds ?an ! night+ale2 & none is kn[n ) s ample & /rong a l>ynx3 b z we are able to improve ! organisation ( ! body by ex]cise & habit1 s may we /r5g!n & ext5d ! l>ynx ( sev]al birds ( ! same species1 s z to amplify ! song 9 consequ5ce1 by m nutritive food1 prop] c>e1 s\nds t excite emulation1 & ! l2 *aff9*es1 bullf9*es1 can>ies1 & o!r birds re>$ 9 ! h\se1 furni% daily examples ( ?is4 ,i %\ld n omit m5tion+ "h an obs]vation ( ,mr4 ,da9es ,b>+ton#c1 :i* t5ds to prove ! possibility ( improv+ ! song ( wild birds1 by re>+ l9nets1 sp>r[s1 & o!rs1 ne> "s good w>bl]1 su* z a night+ale or can>y1 & !n sett+ !m at lib]ty2 b1 ?\gh !re is "s tru? 9 ?is ass]tion1 yet x is subject to c]ta9 re/rictions4 ,i only "k ( two ways ( c>ry+ ?is idea into execution2 "o by susp5d+ ! cages ( ! be/ w>bl]s 9 ! or*>d :]e ! birds :i* !y are to tea* bre$2 ! o!r1 to enclose ^! w>bl]s 9 a l>ge avi>y ( iron wire1 9 ! op5 air4 ,!re let !m tea* _! "y ones1 :i* may be set at lib]ty z soon z !y are able to fly3 b birds tak5 v "y f ! ne/1 & re>$1 =m$1 & educat$ 9 ! h\se1 w\ld n h in/9ct to f9d _! food :5 set at lib]ty1 & mu/ p]i% ( hung]1 or at lea/ die 9 ! w9t]4 ,! same rem>ks are applicable to a "w publi%$ by ,m4 ,gambory at ,cop5hag51 9 ! ye> #ahjj4 ,i ?9k1 inde$1 x is bett] to be cont5t$ ) possess+ 9 our h\ses artificial songs ?an to take s mu* tr\ble to alt] & spoil ! v delightful music ( nature#d4 ,,habitations ,,( ,,tame ,,birds4 ,! space assign$ to tame birds v>ies accord+ to _! nature & de/9ation4 ,all are less at ease 9 a cage ?an :5 at lib]ty 9 a room1 :]e "y p9e bran*es1 cut 9 w9t] or e>ly 9 spr+1 %\ld be plac$ = _! accommodation#e4 ,sev]al1 h[ev]1 nev] s+ unless conf9$ )9 n>r[ limits1 be+ oblig$1 z x w\ld appe>1 to solace !mselves1 = ! want ( lib]ty1 ) _! song2 consequ5tly1 birds only priz$ = ! beauty ( _! plumage or _! pleas+ actions1 are be/ plac$ 9 a room4 ,r l>ge birds1 su* z ?ru%es1 %\ld h a room appropriat$ to !m1 or be kept 9 a l>ge avi>y1 z !y give a v unpleasant smell to ! place :i* !y occupy1 unless c>efully clean$2 b _! "y ones may be all[$ ! range ( any ap>tm5t1 plac+ 9 a corn] a cage or bran* to re/ & sleep on1 :]e !y may run & hop freely1 seek+ a roo/+-place = !mselves 9 ! ev5+1 on ! fir bran*es plac$ = t purpose2 or 9 a cage ) sev]al divisions1 into :i* !y soon le>n to retire4 ,"s birds1 su* z ! dunnock & ! blue-brea/1 s+ be/ 9 ?is /ate ( lib]ty4 ,x is necess>y to avoid plac+ !m ) %rikes or tits1 z ^! (t51 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty ( food1 w kill small] birds1 = ! sake ( eat+ ! bra9 or inte/9es4 ,^? t are conf9$ t we may bett] enjoy ! beauty ( _! song1 %\ld h a cage proportion$ to _! natural vivacity3 a l>k1 = example1 requires a l>g] cage ?an a *aff9*4 ,! habits ( ! birds mu/ also be consid]$1 :e!r !y re/ on ! gr\nd or p]* on /icks4 ,?us1 ! night+ale mu/ h p]*es1 :ile ! sky-l>k nev] makes use ( ^!4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5tal ,,wat] ,,cage4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ea* bird ,i %all po9t out :at %ap$ cage ,i h f\nd mo/ suitable4 ,9 e case cleanl9ess is absolutely necess>y1 9 ord] to keep birds a long "t1 z well z heal?y & active4 ,9 g5]al x is bett] n to di/urb ! birds v (t52 b if n e day1 yet e week at fur!/1 x is necess>y to clean ev5 ! p]*es ( ^? t roo/1 & /rew s& :]e !y keep at ! bottom4 ,neglig5ce 9 ?is entails _m inconv5i5ces1--unpleasant smells f sick birds1 g\ty feet to "s birds1 loss ( ! use ( _! limbs or all _! claws2 su* sad exp]i5ce may at l5g? cure ! neglig5t amateur4 ,we love birds1 !y say2 ,no1 ,i reply1 y love y\rselves1 n !m1 if y neglect to keep !m clean4 ,9 wa%+ ! feet ( birds !y mu/ fir/ be soak$ 9 w>m wat]1 or ! dirt w be s pa/$ on ! sk9 t 9 remov+ x ! bird w be w\nd$1 & ! irritation ?us excit$ may soon occasion dang]\s ulc]s4 ,h\se birds are g5]ally subject to sore feet1 & great att5tion is !re=e necess>y to exam9e !m (t5 if !y are n attack$2 a hair w\nd r\nd !m w sometimes become drawn s tight t 9 "t ! "p w %rivel up & drop (f4 ,ano!r pro( ( ! necessity ( c>e 9 clean+ is1 t few birds pres]ve _! claws aft] hav+ be5 kept "s ye>s 9 ! h\se4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t among birds ( ! same species !re is a v m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ?is respect1 "s be+ always extremely clean1 :il/ o!rs are = ev] dirty1 & seldom clean !mselves4 ,!re are also "s species 9 :i* cleanl9ess seems an innate quality2 among ^! are yell[ hamm]s1 re$ bunt+s1 & l9nets2 ! latt] especially h always appe>$ to me patt]ns ( neatness1 & ?\gh ,i h _h _m1 ,i d n recollect be+ oblig$ to clean ! feet ( any1 :il/ l>ks & fauvettes h !m always dirty1 & let !m fe/] ) ulc]s r ?an take ! tr\ble to clean !m#f4 ,_m amateurs amuse !mselves ) tam+ _! birds s completely t !y c let !m fly out ( a w9d[ & recall !m at pleasure4 ,a fri5d ( m9e1 :o tam$ n only birds1 b also add]s1 ott]s1 weasels1 foxes1 & ! l1 knew h[ to r5d] !m s famili> t at ! lea/ sign !y w\ld foll[ him any:]e4 ,?is me?od 0 z easy z x 0 sure1 & ,i c judge ( x f hav+ be5 an eye-witness to ! effect2 x is z foll[s3 ,:5 he wi%es to accu/om a bird to fly out & return1 or g out ( doors p]*$ on 8 h& or %\ld]1 he beg9s by op5+ ! cage & teaz+ ! bird ) a fea!r4 ,! bird soon pecks at x1 !n at ! f+]1 & at la/ v5tures outside ! cage to fly on ! f+] pres5t$ to x4 ,my fri5d !n c>esses x1 & gives x some?+ nice to eat1 s t x soon becomes accu/om$ to fe$ on ! h&4 ,:5 ?is is atta9$1 he beg9s to tea* x to come at a c]ta9 call1 & z soon z x w all[ itself to be tak51 he c>ries x on 8 h& or %\ld] f room to room1 ! doors & w9d[s be+ at fir/ well clos$2 he also lets x fly ab\t a little1 mak+ x return :5 call$4 ,at la/1 :5 ! bird comes at 8 call1 )\t hesitation or fe> ( m5 or animals1 he tries x ) precaution out ( doors4 ,x ?us by degrees becomes s accu/om$ to him t he c take x into ! g>d51 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( a l>ge company1 )\t any fe> ( its fly+ away4 ,great precaution is necess>y 9 spr+1 & dur+ ! pair+ season1 :5 tak+ out old birds t h be5 ?us tra9$2 =1 ^u he>+ ! call ( _! own species1 !y soon fly (f to resume _! wild /ate4 ,"y l9nets1 bullf9*es1 & can>ies1 are ! species ) :i* ?is me?od succe$s be/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fe$+-box = small birds4 ,,food ,,( ,,tame ,,birds4 ,x is v necess>y to procure = h\se birds food :i* is l1 or at lea/ :i* ne>ly resembles1 :at !y w\ld procure = !mselves 9 _! wild /ate4 ,?is is r difficult1 & sometimes almo/ impossible1 = :]e c we f9d 9 our climate ! se$s on :i* ! ,indian birds fe$ 9 _! own c\ntry8 ,our only res\rce !n is to endeav\r1 ) judgm5t1 to accu/om ^! birds to t food :i* necessity obliges u to give !m4 ,!re are "s birds1 su* z *aff9*es1 bullf9*es1 ?ru%es1 & ! ,bohemian *att]]1 :i* are s manageable 9 ?is respect1 t z soon z !y are br\ght into ! h\se !y eat )\t hesitation any?+ t is giv5 to !m2 b o!rs1 :i* are m delicate1 w absolutely eat no?+1 ei!r ?r\gh disgu/ ( _! new food1 or despair at ! loss ( _! lib]ty2 ) ^! great precaution is necess>y4 ,dr4 ,mey]1 ( ,(f5ba*1 writes to me on ?is subject z foll[s3 ,! foll[+ is ! be/ me?od ( accu/om+ newly-tak5 birds to _! *ange ( food1 a ?+ :i* is (t5 v difficult to accompli% ) "s species4 ,aft] hav+ put ! bird 9 ! cage x mu/ be left quiet = "s h\rs1 )\t di/urb+ x at all2 x mu/ !n be tak5 & plung$ into fre% wat]1 & imm$iately replac$ 9 ! cage4 ,at fir/ x w appe> fa9t & exhau/$1 b x w soon recov]1 arrange its fea!rs1 become q lively1 & w be sure to eat :atev] is giv5 to x4 ,x is a well kn[n fact t ba?+ gives an appetite to birds1 = ! same reason t x does to m54 ,if1 z an exception1 "o ( ^! delicate birds1 among :i* are mo/ ( ! song/]s1 eats ) eag]ness z soon z x is br\ght into ! h\se1 x is a sign ( dea?1 = x seems l an indiff]5ce :i* is n natural1 & :i* is always ! consequ5ce ( disease4 ,^? birds :i* retire into a corn]1 mop+ = "s h\rs1 are ! mo/ likely to live2 x is only requisite to leave !m alone1 & by degrees !y recov] f _! sull5ness4 ,9 ord] to give "s g5]al rules = ! be/ food = h\se birds1 ,i h divid$ !m into f\r classes3-- ,! fir/ compreh5ds ^? birds :i* live only on se$s1 su* z can>ies1 goldf9*es1 & sisk9s4 ,! second are ^? :i* fe$ on bo? se$s & insects1 su* z quails1 l>ks1 *aff9*es1 & bullf9*es2 "s ( ^! also eat b]ries & ! buds ( trees4 ,! ?ird are ^? :i* seek only b]ries & insects1 su* z night+ales1 r$-brea/s1 ?ru%es1 & fauvettes4 ,! f\r? are ^? :i* eat insects only1 su* z wagtails1 :eate>s1 /one*ats1 & blue-brea/s4 ,! species 9 ?is la/ class are ! mo/ difficult to pres]ve2 b mo/ ( !m1 hav+ no?+ p>ticul> 9 _! song1 (f] no comp5sation = ! tr\ble & c>e :i* !y require2 b ! foll[+ is ! be/ me?od = success4 ,aft] hav+ collect$ ! flies1 :i* 9 spr+ may (t5 be se5 9 great numb]s on ! w9d[s ( old build+s1 !y mu/ be dri$1 & pres]v$ 9 a j>4 ,:5 live insects c no long] be f\nd1 ^! flies mu/ be mix$ ) ! pa/e1 h]eaft] describ$1 :i* may be reg>d$ z a g5]al or univ]sal food1 & giv5 to ! mo/ delicate birds1 su* z night+ales1 provid$ ants' eggs or meal worms are n[ & !n mix$ ) x4 ,,recipe ,,= ,,! ,,g5]al ,,food4--,9 proportion to ! numb] ( birds1 :ite bread en\gh mu/ be bak$ to la/ = ?ree mon?s4 ,:5 x is well bak$1 & /ale1 x mu/ be put aga9 into ! ov51 & left !re until cold4 ,x is !n fit to be p\nd$ 9 a mort>1 & w keep sev]al mon?s )\t becom+ bad4 ,e day a teaspoonful = ea* bird is tak5 ( ?is meal1 on :i* is p\r$ ?ree times z mu* cold1 or lukew>m1 b n boil+1 milk4 ,if ! meal be good1 a firm pa/e w be =m$1 :i* mu/ be *opp$ v small on a bo>d4 ,?is pa/e1 :i* is v n\ri%+1 may be kept a long "t )\t becom+ s\r or /icky2 on ! contr>y1 x is always dry & brittle4 ,z soon z a delicate bird is br\ght 91 "s flies or *opp$ worms %\ld be mix$ ) ! pa/e1 :i* w attract x to eat4 ,x w soon be accu/om$ to ?is food1 :i* w keep x 9 life & heal?4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es me t a mixture ( cru%$ can>y1 hemp1 & rape-se$1 is ! fav\rite food ( can>ies2 goldf9*es & sisk9s pref] poppy-se$1 & sometimes a little cru%$ hemp-se$2 l9nets & bullf9*es l ! rape-se$ alone4 ,x is bett] to soak x = ! "y *aff9*es1 bullf9*es1 & o!rs2 9 ord] to d ?is1 z mu* rape-se$ z is want$ %\ld be put into a j>1 cov]$ ) wat]1 & plac$ 9 a mod]ate heat1 9 w9t] ne> ! fire1 9 summ] 9 ! sun4 ,if ?is is done 9 ! morn+1 aft] fe$+ ! birds1 ! soak$ se$ w d = ! next morn+4 ,all ( !m ought to h gre5 food besides1 z *ickwe$1 cabbage leaves1 lettuce1 endive1 & wat]-cresses4 ,s& %\ld be put 9 ! bottom ( ! cages1 = x seems necess>y = dige/ion#g4 ,among/ ^? ( ! second class1 ! quails l *eese & ! crumbs ( bread2 ! l>k b>ley-meal1 ) cabbage1 *opp$ cress1 poppy-se$ mix$ ) bread crumbs1 & 9 w9t]1 oats2 ! *aff9*es1 rape-se$1 & sometimes 9 summ] a little cru%$ hemp-se$4 ,too mu* hemp-se$1 h[ev]1 is hurtful to birds1 & %\ld only be giv5 z a delicacy n[ & !n1 = :5 !y eat too mu* ( x !y become a/hmatic1 bl9d1 & g5]ally die ( consumption4 ,yell[hamm]s l ! same food z ! l>ks1 )\t ! vegetables2 ! tits l hemp-se$1 p9e-se$1 bacon1 meat1 suet1 bread1 walnuts1 almonds1 & filb]ts4 ,! birds ( ! fir/ class are easily pres]v$ 9 ! h\se1 at lea/ if n tak5 dur+ ! pair+ season1 = !n ! loss ( _! lib]ty affects !m s mu* t !y become sull51 & die ( hung]4 ,al?\gh ! notice ( a univ]sal rem$y is g5]ally r suspect$1 ,i _c refra9 f "h recomm5d+ "o or two sorts ( pa/e :i* ,i h always us$1 & :i* agre$ s well ) all my birds1 except+ ^? :i* ,i keep 9 cages on acc\nt ( _! beautiful songs1 t x may ju/ly be t]m$ g5]al or univ]sal food3 x is n only v simple & *eap1 b also prev5ts great loss ( "t to ^? :o possess a great _m birds4 ,,! ,,univ]sal ,,pa/e4--,to make ! fir/ pa/e1 take a :ite loaf :i* is well bak$ & /ale1 put x into fre% wat]1 & leave x !re until q soak$ ?r\gh1 !n squeeze out ! wat] & p\r boil$ milk ov] ! loaf#h1 add+ ab\t two ?irds ( b>ley-meal ) ! bran well sift$ out1 or1 :at is /ill bett]1 :eat-meal2 b1 z ?is is de>]1 x may be done )\t4 ,= ! second pa/e1 grate a c>rot v nicely 7?is root may be kept a :ole ye> if buri$ 9 s&71 !n soak a small :ite loaf 9 fre% wat]1 press ! wat] out1 & put x & ! grat$ c>rot into an e>!n pan1 add two h&fuls ( b>ley or :eat meal1 & mix ! :ole well toge!r ) a pe/le4 ,^! pa/es %\ld be made fre% e morn+1 z !y soon become s\r1 p>ticul>ly ! fir/1 & consequ5tly hurtful4 ,= ?is purpose ,i h a fe$+-tr\gh1 r\nd :i* !re is room en\gh = half my birds4 ,x is bett] to h x made ( e>!nw>e1 /one1 or delft w>e1 r ?an wood1 z be+ m easily clean$1 & n s likely to cause ! food to become s\r4 ,! fir/ pa/e agrees s well ) all my birds1 :i* are n m ?an ?irty or =ty1 at lib]ty 9 ! room1 t !y are always heal?y1 & pres]ve _! fea!rs1 s t !y h no appe>ance ( be+ prison]s4 ,^? :i* live only on se$s1 or only on insects1 eat ?is food ) equal avidity2 & *aff9*es1 l9nets1 goldf9*es1 sisk9s1 can>ies1 fauvettes1 r$-brea/s1 all species ( l>ks1 quails1 yell[hamm]s1 bunt+s1 blue-brea/s1 & r$/>ts may be se5 eat+ out ( ! same di%4 ,sometimes1 z a delicacy1 !y may be giv5 a little hemp1 poppy1 & rape-se$1 crumbs ( bread1 & ants' eggs4 ,"o ( ^! is necess>y = ! birds ( ! ?ird & f\r? class4 ,e morn+ fre% wat] mu/ be giv5 to ! birds1 bo? = dr9k+ & ba?+4 ,:5 a great _m are left at lib]ty1 "o di% w d = !m all1 ab\t eight in*es long & two 9 dep? & wid?1 divid$ into sev]al p>titions1 by :i* means !y are prev5t$ f plung+ entirely into ! wat]1 & 9 consequ5ce mak+ ! place always dirty & damp#i4 ,a vessel ( ! same size & %ape w d = hold+ ! univ]sal pa/e1 b !n x mu/ h no p>titions4 ,quails & l>ks require s&1 :i* does = !m in/ead ( wat] = ba?+4 ,"s birds swall[ directly :atev] is ?r[n to !m3 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid giv+ !m any?+ ) pepp] on x1 or bad meat4 ,?is mu/ be a g5]al rule4 ,i %all also rem>k1 t food suffici5t = "o day only mu/ be giv5 to birds kept 9 cages1 = !y are accu/om$ to scatt] x ab\t1 pick+ out ! be/1 & leav+ only ! wor/ = ! next morn+2 ?is makes !m p9e1 & puts1 !m out ( hum\r4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,food ,,= ,,s(t-,,bill$ ,,birds 7,,sylviad74--,! birds ( ?is sort1 ?\gh ! f9e/ song/]s & mo/ int]e/+ ( all ! fea!r$ tribe1 h be5 less kn[n or notic$ ?an o!rs1 probably ow+ to ! great] numb] only visit+ u 9 summ]1 :5 ! trees are s d5sely clo!d ) foliage t birds are n easily se51 & :5 he>d s+ are g5]ally consid]$ by ^? :o he> !m to be ei!r blackbirds or ?ru%es1 or "s ( ! m common s++ birds4 ,:5 !y are se5 ! great] numb] ( !m receive ! g5]al appellation ( :ite-?roat1 )\t di/9ction1 ?\gh ?is is r s+ul>1 s9ce !y are all v di/9ct :5 exam9$1 & _! songs are all v diff]5t4 ,if y speak to a bird-fanci] or bird-cat*] ab\t any ( !m1 y might z well talk ( a bird 9 ! wilds ( ,am]ica1 = !y "k no?+ ( !m4 ,_m ( !m are !re=e difficult to be procur$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m are pl5tiful !re4 ,) c>e1 ! :ole ( !m may be pres]v$ 9 good heal? ?r\gh ! ye>1 & _m ( !m w s+ ?r\gh ! great] "p ( ! w9t] if prop]ly manag$4 ,!y require to be kept w>m2 ! room 9 :i* !y are %\ld nev] be all[$ to be bel[ temp]ate1 or !y w suff] f x1 p>ticul>ly ! t5d] sorts2 at fir/ ! cold w make !m lose _! sight1 aft] :i* !y seldom recov]4 ,! r$/>t & night+ale are mo/ subject to ?is2 x sometimes also happ5s to ! fauvette1 & also to ! :9*at4 ,:5 9 a wild /ate1 ! birds ( ?is sort fe$ pr9cipally on insects or fruit1 & b]ries ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,none ( !m are se$ birds1 s t !y mu/ be manag$ accord+ly4 ,! g5]al food :i* ,i give !m is hemp-se$1 bruis$ up 9 boil+ wat]1 z small z x c be made2 ,i !n put to ?is ab\t ! same quantity1 or r m ( bread1 on :i* is also p\r$ boil+ wat]1 & !n ! :ole is bruis$ up toge!r into a moi/ pa/e1 p>ticul> c>e be+ requir$ t !re be v little or no salt 9 ! bread2 = %\ld !re be r mu* x w kill ! :ole ( ! birds4 ,! food %\ld also be mix$ up fre% e morn+1 z x soon spoils & turns s\r1 9 :i* case ! birds w n t\* x1 & sometimes x w make !m g (f _! food altoge!r4 ,:5 giv5 to ! birds1 "s fre%1 raw1 lean meat ought to be cut up small en\gh = !m to swall[1 & mix$ ) x ,i g5]ally put ab\t ! same quantity ( meat z pa/e1 & sometimes !y w peck out ! meat & leave ! pa/e2 at o!r times !y w eat ! pa/e & leave ! meat2 b 9 g5]al !y eat x all up toge!r1 p>ticul>ly :]e sev]al diff]5t species are kept toge!r 9 ! same l>ge cage1 a plan :i* ,i consid] by f> ! be/1 z !y amuse ea* o!r1 & keep "o ano!r w>m 9 cold wea!r4 ,besides ! above food1 an egg %\ld be boil$ v h>d1 ! yolk tak5 out & crumbl$ or cut 9 small pieces = !m2 ! :ite !y w n eat4 ,"o egg ,i consid] en\gh = tw5ty birds = "o day1 ) _! o!r food1 x be+ only int5d$ z a *ange ( diet1 :i* !y w n cont9ue well 9 heal? )\t4 ,! sorts1 :i* fe$ on insects :5 wild1 %\ld h "s ( ^! pres]v$ = !m ?r\gh ! w9t]1 except :]e !y c be procur$ at all seasons4 ,at a bak]'s %op1 = in/ance1 !re are always pl5ty ( meal-worms1 crickets1 & cockroa*es1 ( :i* mo/ ( ^! birds are v fond3 :5 ^? are n to be procur$1 a good sub/itute is ! l>ge :ite grubs t produce ! cock*af]s1 :i* 9 "s ye>s are v pl5tiful1 & may be kept 9 pots ( turfy e>? ?r\gh ! w9t]1 z may also ! maggots ( ! bluebottle fly1 if procur$ late 9 ! autumn2 & !y may be g5]ally _h z late z ,decemb]4 ,a quantity ( ^!1 kept 9 a pot ( turfy e>? 9 a cell>1 or any o!r cool place1 :]e !y may n turn into flies too soon1 is1 ,i ?9k1 "o ( ! be/ sorts ( insects1 & easie/ kept & procur$1 = su* birds ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,!y w n t\* !m until !y are well clean$ 9 ! m\ld1 b are !n v fond ( !m1 & a few e day keeps !m 9 excell5t heal?1 & provokes !m to s+4 ,,hon4 ,,& ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,h]b]t',s ,,food ,,= ,,s(t-,,bill$ ,,birds4--,milk1 :i* ,mr4 ,sweet recomm5ds1 ,i h f\nd v fatal to _m ( ! s(t-bill$ birds1 & ,i nev] give x2 b ! blackcaps d n seem to suff] f x4 ,!y are v fond ( a boil$ c>rot ma%$ & moi/5$1 or beet-root boil$ & ma%$4 ,a boil$ c>rot w keep fre% _m days1 9 a bas9 ( cold wat]1 & is an excell5t sub/itute = fruit 9 fe$+ !m4 ,boil$ cabbage1 caulifl[]1 gre5 peas are good = !m2 all sorts ( pudd+s2 a v little roa/ meat m9c$1 ,i give !m e day1 & a little yolk ( egg :5 x suits1 b x is n necess>y4 ,! /&>d food is hemp-se$ gr\nd 9 a c(fee-mill1 & bread crumbs scald$ & ma%$ up toge!r1 & fre% e day4 ,!y are v fond ( ripe pe>s & eld]b]ries 7b eld]b]ries /a9 ! cage v mu*71 currants1 *]ries1 honeysuckle1 & privet-b]ries4 ,pr(essor ,r5nie says1 ,i h m ?an once giv5 ! blackcap & o!r birds a little milk by way ( m$ic9e :5 !y appe>$ droop+ or sickly1 & ) manife/ advantage#aj4 ,,bre$+ ,,( ,,tame ,,birds4 ,h\se birds1 be+ mo/ ( !m re>$ l can>ies1 c only be made pair ) great difficulty4 ,:5 ?is object is accompli%$1 all ( !m require a l>ge quiet place1 a :ole room if x c be _h1 9 :i* bran*es ( p9e %\ld be put1--a place1 9 fact1 z mu* z possible resembl+ _! natural abodes4 ,b %\ld y succe$ 9 ?is respect1 z y c nev] procure ! mat]ials :i* =m ! g5]al base ( _! ne/s1 x is bett] to give !m artificial ones1 made ( ! b>k ( ! osi]1 /raw1 or ev5 turn+s ( wood1 9 :i* x is only to put ! s(t /uff = l9+1 su* z wool1 ! ravel+s ( silk1 l951 or cotton1 & ! birds w take possession ( x4 ,x is ( consequ5ce t ! food = pair$ birds1 & = ! diff]5t ages ( _! "y ones1 %\ld be *os5 ) judgm5t4 ,i %all m5tion :at mu/ be done 9 ?is respect1 9 ! articles relat+ to ! diff]5t species ( birds :i* ,i am go+ to describe 9 ?is "w4 ,i mu/ n omit two int]e/+ obs]vations :i* 7 communicat$ to me by a lady ( my acqua9tance4 ,x sometimes happ5s1 dur+ a dry season1 t ! "y birds are n hat*$ on ! prop] day1 or are 9 dang] ( n be+ hat*$ at all2 if1 9 ?is case !y are plung$ = "o m9ute 9 wat] ab\t _! own w>m?1 & !n replac$ "u ! bird1 ! effect w be z quick z x is successful#aa4 ,= ! same reason1 sometimes ! "y birds rema9 )\t _! fea!rs beyond ! prop] "t2 a tepid ba? removes ) su* success ! dryness ( _! quills1 t 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] replac+ !m damp 9 _! ne/ !y are 9 g5]al cov]$ ) fea!rs4 ,i %all end ?is p>agraph ) %[+ at :at "t x is be/ to remove "y wild birds f _! ne/ :5 int5d$ to be re>$4 ,x is :5 ! quills ( ! tail fea!rs are come out1 & ! o!r fea!rs are begun to gr[1 ! eyes n be+ q op54 ,if remov$ e>li]1 _! /oma* w be too weak to support _! new food2 if tak5 lat]1 x w be v difficult to make !m op5 _! beaks to receive a food :i* is unkn[n to !m4 ,!re are "s species1 h[ev]1 t are s easily re>$1 t any "t w answ]4 ,,disord]s ,,( ,,tame ,,birds4 ,all tame animals are mu* m subject to disease ?an wild ones2 & birds s mu* ! m1 z !y are (t5 %ut up 9 v small cages1 :]e !y c take no ex]cise4 ,x is (t5 suppos$ t birds1 9 _! natural free /ate1 h no diseases2 b p :o w take ! tr\ble to obs]ve1 w soon p]ceive ! falsehood ( ?is ass]tion4 ,i h (t5 f\nd h$ge-sp>r[s full ( pimples1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! nak$ p>ts1 ! feet1 & r\nd ! beak4 ,_! diseases are (t5 increas$ by ! delicacies ( all k9ds :i* are giv5 !m1 su* z biscuits & sug>1 :i* injure ! /oma*1 & cause a sl[ decay4 ,! pr9cipal diseases & _! cures1 accord+ to my exp]i5ce1 are z foll[s2 n1 h[ev]1 t diff]5t birds d n require1 accord+ to _! food1 diff]5t treatm5t4 ,i %all m5tion1 "u ea* bird1 :at mu/ be done to cure ^? diseases :i* are peculi> to x1 :5 g5]al rem$ies fail4 ,,! ,,pip4 ,?is is a cat>rh1 or cold1 by :i* ! no/rils are /opp$ up1 & ! membrane cov]+ ! tongue is h>d5$ by inflammation4 ,9 l>ge birds x is common to remove ?is sk91 tak+ x (f f ! base to ! tip3 by ?is means ?is "p c aga9 p]spire1 ! saliva necess>y = dige/ion c fl[1 & ! ta/e & appetite returns4 ,a mixture ( fre% butt]1 pepp]1 & g>lic1 g5]ally cures ?is cat>rh4 ,x is a good ?+1 also1 = ! birds to dr9k ! pectoral infusion ( spe$well2 & ! no/rils may be op5$ by pass+ up a small fea!r4 ,! ruffl+ ( ! head1 ! beak (t5 op5 & yell[ at its base1 & ! tongue dry1 are ! mo/ decisive indications ( ?is disease4 ,,! ,,rheum4 ,! symptoms ( ?is disease are frequ5t sneez+ & %ak+ ( ! head4 ,"s drops ( pectoral elixir 9 ! infusion ( spe$well1 :i* ! sick birds mu/ be made to take1 appe>s to me to be ! mo/ efficaci\s rem$y4 ,i h giv5 f[ls ev5 tw5ty drops ( ! elixir 9 a glass ( ! infusion4 ,:5 x is m]ely ho>s5ess1 ,dr4 ,h&el1 ( ,may5ce1 gave to 8 birds = sev]al days1 z _! only dr9k1 a v dilut$ decoction ( dry figs1 sweet5$ ) a little sug>1 & aft]w>ds purg$ !m = two days foll[+1 ) ! juice ( c>rots4 ,,a/hma4 ,?is is a v common disease among h\se birds4 ,^? attack$ ) x h _! brea? %ort1 (t5 op5 _! beaks z if to gasp = m air1 &1 :5 agitat$ or fright5$1 keep !m op5 = a long "t4 ,! cause ( ?is disease may d\btless be f\nd 9 ! mode ( life :i* ^! birds lead4 ,_! food is g5]ally too dry & heat+1 be+ pr9cipally hemp-se$1 :i* is v injuri\s1 b lik$ by all2 & is ! m hurtful1 z x incl9es !m to eat too mu*4 ,if to ?is be add$ ! un*ang$ air ( ! rooms1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* h /oves in/ead ( *imneys1 & ! great heat :i* is kept up dur+ w9t]1 x is pla9 t !re is mu* to injure ! delicate lungs ( ^! birds4 ,a moi/ & refre%+ regim5 & "s ap]i5ts1 m or less (t51 accord+ to ! viol5ce ( ! disease1 appe>s ! mo/ appropriate rem$y4 ,a fav\rite l9net & goldf9*1 :5 attack$ ) v bad a/hma1 7 reliev$ & pres]v$ = sev]al ye>s by ! foll[+ me?od4 ,! fir/ ?+ 0 to leave (f hemp-se$ entirely1 conf9+ !m solely to rape-se$2 b giv+ !m at ! same "t abundance ( bread1 soak$ 9 pure wat]1 & !n press$2 lettuce1 endive1 or wat]-cresses1 accord+ to ! seasons1 twice a week1 giv+ !m boil$ bread & milk1 ab\t ! size ( a nutmeg4 ,?is is made by ?r[+ a piece ( ! crumb ( :ite bread1 ab\t ! size ( a nut1 into a teacupful ( milk1 boil+ x1 & /irr+ x all ! "t ) a wood5 spoon till x is ( ! consi/5cy ( pap4 ,x mu/ be q cold be=e x is giv5 to ! birds1 & mu/ always be made fre%1 = if s\r x w prove injuri\s4 ,?is pa/e1 :i* !y are v fond (1 purges !m suffici5tly1 & s5sibly relieves !m4 ,9 v viol5t attacks1 no?+ b ?is pa/e ought to be giv5 = two or ?ree days foll[+1 & ?is w soon give ! desir$ relief4 ,:5 ! disease is slight1 or only begun1 x is suffici5t to give ! bread & milk once 9 ?ree or f\r days4 ,:5 employ$ "u simil> circum/ances1 ?is treatm5t has cur$ sev]al v valuable birds4 ,x may n be useless "h to r5ew ! advice ( always giv+ ! birds an opportunity ( ba?+ e day1 by putt+ 9 _! way a sauc]1 or any o!r small %all[ ba?1 fill$ ) wat]1 :i* %\ld nev] be too cold1 & 9 w9t] always milk-w>m4 ,"o ?+ :i* is v injuri\s to ! lungs ( birds1 & :i* too (t5 occurs1 is ! fright occasion$ by torm5t+ !m1 or by seiz+ !m too sudd5ly2 = ! poor little ?+s (t5 rupture a blood-vessel 9 ! brea/ :ile beat+ !mselves ab\t3 a drop ( blood 9 ! beak is ! sign1 & a spe$y dea? is ! g5]al consequ5ce4 ,if ?is d n happ51 ! brea?+ is n ! less difficult & pa9ful2 & recov]y is r>e1 at lea/ )\t ! greate/ c>e & att5tion4 ,birds :i* eat insects & worms1 occasionally1 by accid5t1 swall[ "s extrane\s sub/ance1 :i*1 /ick+ 9 _! ?roat1 /ops _! respiration1 & /ifles !m4 ,! only rem$y is to extract ! =eign body1 :i* requires mu* skill & dext]ity4 ,:5 a/hma is br\ght on by eat+ se$s :i* are too old1 spoil$1 or rancid1 ,dr4 ,h&el recomm5ds "s drops ( oxymel to be swall[$ = eight days foll[+4 ,b ! be/ way is to *ange ! se$1 & be sure !re is none b good se$ 9 ! tr\gh4 ,,atrophy1 ,,or ,,wa/+4 ,?is is caus$ by giv+ unnatural food to ! bird1 :i* de/roys ! dige/ive p[] ( its /oma*4 ,9 ?is case x disgorges1 ruffles its fea!rs1 & does n arrange !m1 & becomes ?9 v fa/4 ,! be/ ?+ is to make x swall[ a common spid]1 :i* purges x1 & put a ru/y nail into its wat]1 :i* /r5g!ns ! inte/9es1 giv+ x at ! same "t its prop] & natural food4 ,gre5 food1 su* z lettuce1 endive1 *ickwe$1 & p>ticul>ly wat]-cresses1 is ! safe/ rem$y4 ,a v great appetite is a sign ( ?is disease4 ,a sisk91 t 0 dy+ ( atrophy1 _h no?+ b wat]-cresses = ?ree days foll[+1 & on ! f\r? he sung4 ,,consumption1 ,,or ,,decl9e4 ,?is disord] may be kn[n by ! extreme ?9ness ( ! brea/1 ! swell+ ( ! l[] "p ( ! belly1 ! total loss ( appetite1 & simil> symptoms4 ,z a cure1 ,dr4 ,h&el recomm5ds ! juice ( ! :ite turnip to be giv5 to dr9k in/ead ( wat]4 ,,co/iv5ess4 ,?is disease may be discov]$ f ! frequ5t unsuccessful endeav\rs ( ! bird to relieve itself4 ,ap]i5ts w be ( use4 ,if a spid] does n produce ! desir$ effect1 ano9t ! v5t ( ! bird ) ! head ( a p9 /eep$ 9 l9se$ oil2 ?is sort ( cly/] g5]ally succe$s2 b if ! disease attacks a bird :i* eats meal-worms1 "o ( ^!1 bruis$ 9 sweet oil & saffron1 is ! mo/ c]ta9 rem$y1 & ! bird w swall[ x )\t ! lea/ hesitation4 ,boil$ bread & milk is g5]ally ( great use4 ,,di>rhoea4 ,?is is a disease to :i* birds t h be5 caught rec5tly are v subject1 be=e !y are accu/om$ to _! new food4 ,mo/ ( ^! die ( x3 !y cont9ually void a :ite calc>e\s matt]1 :i* /icks to ! fea!rs r\nd ! v5t1 & be+ v acrid causes inflammation 9 t "p & 9 ! inte/9es4 ,sometimes *alybeate wat] & ! oil cly/] produce good effects2 b x is bett]1 if possible1 to procure = ! bird its mo/ natural food4 ,"s p pull out ! fea!rs f ! tail & v5t1 & !n rub ^! p>ts ) fre% butt]1 b ?is is a v pa9ful & cruel op]ation4 ,!y also mix ! yolk ( an egg boil$ v h>d ) _! food1 b ,i h nev] f\nd ?is succe$ v well4 ,if !re be any hope ( cur+ ?is disease x is by attack+ x at ! beg9n+1 be=e inflammation is viol5t2 boil$ bread & milk1 a great deal ( lettuce1 or any o!r simil> gre5 refre%+ food1 9 g5]al completely cures !m4 ,9 a case ( *ronic di>rhoea1 :i* almo/ r$uces ! birds to skeletons1 ,dr4 ,h&el prescribes *alybeate wat] mix$ ) a little milk = _! dr9k1 :i*1 he says1 is an easy & c]ta9 cure4 ,,! ,,bloody ,,flux4 ,?is is a disease ) :i* "s p>rots are attack$4 ,! be/ rem$y is to make ! birds dr9k a great deal ( boil$ milk1 or ev5 v fat bro?2 = _! inte/9es1 :i* are v mu* irritat$1 require some?+ soo?+ to protect !m f ! acrid dis*>ges1 :i*1 at ! same "t1 mu/ be correct$ by heal+ food4 ,birds 9 ?is /ate g5]ally d no?+ b dr9k1 !re=e pl5ty ( boil$ milk %\ld be giv5 !m1 z x n\ri%es !m1 z well z acts m$ic9ally1 b %\ld x appe> to turn s\r 9 ! /oma* x mu/1 at lea/ = "s "t1 be discont9u$4 ,,ob/ruction ,,9 ,,! ,,rump ,,gl&4 ,?is gl&1 :i* is on ! rump1 & conta9s ! oil necess>y = ano9t+ ! fea!rs1 sometimes becomes h>d & inflam$1 & an abscess =ms !re4 ,9 ?is case ! bird (t5 pi]ces x itself1 or x may be s(t5$ by apply+ fre% butt] )\t any salt2 b x is bett] to use an o9tm5t made ( :ite lead1 li?>ge1 wax1 & olive oil1 :i* may be _h at any good *emi/'s4 ,! g5]al me?od is to pi]ce or cut ! h>d5$ gl&1 9 ord] to let out ! matt]1 b if ?is op]ation removes ! ob/ruction x also de/roys ! gl&1 & ! bird w die 9 ! next m\lt+1 = want ( oil to s(t5 ! fea!rs#ab4 ,! gl& is kn[n to be ob/ruct$ :5 ! fea!rs :i* surr\nd x are ruffl$1 ! bird nev] ceas+ to peck !m1 & in/ead ( be+ yell[ x becomes br[n4 ,?is disease is v r>e among wild birds1 =1 be+ expos$ to damp1 & ba?+ (t51 !y make m use ( ! liquor 9 ! gl&1 consequ5tly x does n accumulate suffici5tly to become corrupt$1 s\r1 or canc]\s4 ,?is confirms ! necessity ( giv+ !m ! means ( ba?+ z (t5 z in/9ct w\ld induce !m1 z no?+ c be m fav\rable to _! heal?4 ,dr4 ,h&el1 aft] pi]c+ ! gl&1 recomm5ds a little magnesia to be mix$ ) ! bird's dr9k4 ,,epilepsy4 ,?is is a disease ) :i* h\se birds are v (t5 attack$4 ,:at ,i h f\nd to be mo/ useful 9 ?is case is to plunge ! sick birds e n[ & !n into v cold wat]1 lett+ !m fall sudd5ly into x1 & cutt+ _! claws1 or at lea/ "o or two1 %ort en\gh = ! blood to run4 ,f ble$+ giv+ s mu* relief "o w\ld ?9k t ?is disease is a k9d ( apoplexy1 occasion$ by want ( ex]cise & too mu* food4 ,bullf9*es & ?ru%es are m subject to x ?an any o!r birds1 & ble$+ always cures !m4 ,i h se5 ?is done ) great success 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 b mu* delicacy & skill are requir$1 z !re w\ld be great dang] ( lam+ ! bird3--a v small hole is made on ! surface ( ! claw1 ) a lancet or v %>p p5knife2 x is !n plung$ 9 lukew>m wat]1 & if ! op]ation be well done ! blood runs l a ?read ( r$ silk2 :5 remov$ f ! wat] ! ble$+ /ops3 no b&age or dress+ is requir$4 ,,tympany4 ,9 ?is disord] ! sk9 on "o "p ( ! body1 or ev5 ! :ole body1 rises & swells to s great a degree t x is /ret*$ l a drum4 ,x is g5]ally suffici5t to pi]ce x ) a p91 s z to let ! air escape1 & ! bird w be cur$4 ,i _h "s l>ks attack$ ) ?is disease1 :i* began aga9 to s+ a qu>t] ( an h\r aft] ! op]ation4 ,,disease ,,9 ,,! ,,feet4 ,h\se birds are (t5 subject to bad feet4 ,f ! second ye> !y become pale1 & lose _! fre%ness4 ,!y mu/ be frequ5tly clean$1 tak+ c>e to remove ! sk92 ! ?ick loose scales ought also to be tak5 (f1 b ) all possible precaution4 ,! g\t occasions ! feet to swell1 !y are also s scaly & pa9ful t ! poor little bird _c support itself )\t re/+ on ! po9ts ( its w+s4 ,dr4 ,h&el prescribes a w>m fom5tation ) a decoction ( soapwort4 ,if a foot %\ld be bruis$ or brok51 he advises t ! diseas$ bird %\ld be %ut up 9 a v small cage1 ! bottom ( :i* is v smoo? & ev51 )\t any p]*es1 or any?+ :i* w\ld tempt !m to hop1 & put 9 a v quiet & solit>y place1 out ( ! way ( any?+ :i* might produce agitation4 ,9 ?is mann] ! bird w cure itself 9 a little "t1 )\t any b&age or pla/] ( any k9d4 ,i am p]suad$ t ! pr9cipal cause ( bad feet is want ( ba?+4 ,! scales1 contract+ f dryness1 occasion great pa92 9 ord] to remove !m ) ease1 & )\t dang]1 ! feet mu/ be s(t5$ 9 lukew>m wat]4 ,i h se5 ! foll[+ me?od us$ ) a bullf9*3--its cage 0 made ) a moveable t9 bottom1 :i* be+ half or ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* deep1 c\ld hold wat]1 :i* 0 put 9 tepid1 to ba! ! bird2 ! p]*es 7 !n remov$1 s t ! bird 0 oblig$ to rema9 9 ! wat]1 :]e x 0 left = half an h\r1 sometimes ?r[+ x hemp-se$ to amuse x4 ,aft] repeat+ ! ba? once or twice ! bird became v fond ( x2 & x 0 rem>k$ t its feet became1 if we may say s1 q "y aga94 ,! scales be+ suffici5tly s(t5$1 ! middle ( ea* 0 cut l5g?ways )\t rea*+ ! fle%1 ?is made ! sides easily fall (f4 ,x is bett] to remove only two scales a-day1 t ! bird may n be we>i$4 ,by cont9u+ ! ba? ?ree times a week ! feet become heal?y & supple1 & ! bird is easy4 ,,sore ,,eyes4 ,! juice ( r$-beet = dr9k1 & also z a l9im5t1 greatly relieves ?is disord]4 ,dr4 ,h&el recomm5ds wa%+ ! eyes1 :5 dispos$ to bl9dness1 ) an infusion ( ! root ( :ite hellebore4 ,,tum\rs ,,& ,,ulc]s4 ,z to ! tum\rs & ulc]s :i* come on ! heads ( ! birds1 ,dr4 ,h&el t\*es !m ) a middl+-siz$ r$ hot knitt+-ne$le4 ,?is makes ! wat]y hum\r run out1 ! w\nd aft]w>ds dries & heals4 ,to s(t5 ! pa9 a little liquid black soap is us$4 ,if1 f ! s(tness ( ! tum\r1 matt] seems to h =m$1 x %\ld be rubb$ ) fre% butt] until x is come to a head2 x may !n be empti$1 & op5$ by a few drops ( ess5ce ( myrrh4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ! bird mu/ h no?+ b beet juice to dr9k4 ,ulc]s 9 ! palate & ?roat may be cur$ by mak+ ! bird dr9k ! milk ( almonds = sev]al days1 at ! same "t lightly t\*+ ! ulc]s sev]al times a-day ) a fea!r dipp$ 9 a mixture ( honey & borax4 ,,m\lt+4 ,?\gh natural1 is g5]ally accompani$ ) disease1 dur+ :i* ! birds ought to be tak5 great c>e (4 ,_! food %\ld be *ang$1 b )\t giv+ any heat+ delicacies1 :i* are v injuri\s4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t birds always m\lt at ! "t :5 _! food is mo/ abundant2 ! =e/ birds may !n be se5 approa*+ fields & cultivat$ places1 :]e1 hav+ pl5ty ( insects & se$s1 !y _c suff] f want2 inde$1 ! loss ( _! fea!rs prev5ts _! tak+ long flights1 & ! reproduction ( !m occasions a loss ( fle% :i* mu/ be repair$4 ,an abundance ( food is !re=e necess>y1 &1 foll[+ ?is rule1 dur+ m\lt+ "s additional food mu/ be giv5 to h\se birds1 appropriate to ! diff]5t species--millet or can>y se$1 a little hemp-se$1 :ite bread soak$ 9 wat]1 & lettuce1 or endive1 to ^? :i* fe$ on se$s2 ) a few m meal worms & ants' eggs to ^? t eat insects3 all %\ld h bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk1 w>m?1 & ba?s4 ,no?+ has succe$$ bett] ?an ?is regim53 all ! birds :i* ,i h se5 treat$ 9 ?is mann] h pass$ _! m\lt+ season 9 good heal?4 ,,gidd9ess4 ,?is1 )\t be+ prop]ly a disease1 is r common1 & is occasion$ by ! trick :i* ! birds ( ! fir/ class h1 ( turn+ _! head & neck s f> r\nd t !y fall head ov] heels4 ,!y may be easily cur$ ( ?is trick by ?r[+ a cov]+ ov] ! top ( ! cage1 :i* prev5ts _! see+ any?+ above !m1 = x is ) look+ up t ?is gidd9ess comes on4 ,,pair+ ,,fev]4 ,a disease :i* may be call$ ! pair+ fev] mu/ n be =gott5 "h4 ,h\se birds are usually attack$ ) x 9 ,may1 a "t :5 ! incl9ation to pair is greate/4 ,!y cease to s+1 become sorr[ful & ?91 ruffle _! fea!rs1 & die4 ,?is fev] g5]ally fir/ seizes ^? :i* are conf9$ 9 cages3 x appe>s to arise f _! way ( life1 :i* is too uni=m & we>y+4 ,i cur$ sev]al by m]ely plac+ !m 9 ! w9d[1 :]e !y are soon s mu* refre%$ t !y =get _! grief1 _! desire = lib]ty or = pair+1 & resume _! livel9ess & song4 ,i h obs]v$ t a s+le female 9 ! room is suffici5t to cause ?is disease to all ! males ( ! same family1 ?\gh ( diff]5t species4 ,remov+ ! female w cure !m directly4 ,! males & females at ?is season mu/ be sep>at$1 s t !y _c see or he> "o ano!r4 ,?is p]haps is ! reason t a male1 :5 put 9 ! w9d[1 is soon cur$4 ,,age ,,( ,,tame ,,birds4 ,! l5g? ( a bird's life v mu* dep5ds on ! c>e :i* is tak5 ( x4 ,!re are "s p>rots :i* h liv$ m ?an a c5tury2 & night+ales1 *aff9*es1 & goldf9*es h be5 kn[n to live m ?an tw5ty-f\r ye>s 9 a cage4 ,! age ( h\se birds is s mu* ! m int]e/+1 z x is only by obs]v+ x t we c "k ) any degree ( c]ta9ty ! l5g? ( birds' lives 9 g5]al4 ,?us h\se birds are ( importance to ! naturali/1 z giv+ him in=mation :i* he c\ld n o!rwise acquire4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! quick gr[? ( birds does n prev5t _! liv+ mu* long] ?an quadrup$s4 ,! l5g? ( life ) ^! is e/imat$ to be six or sev5 times long] ?an ! "t :i* !y take to gr[3 :ile birds live fifte51 tw5ty1 & ev5 ?irty times long]4 ,?is l5g? ( life is sometimes attribut$ to ! sub/ance ( :i* ! bones are compos$ be+ mu* m loose & light1 & consequ5tly rema9+ por\s long] ?an ^? ( quadrup$s4 ,"s swans h liv$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,,bird ,,cat*+4 ,we are furni%$ ) h\se birds by ! bird cat*]s & bird sell]s2 ! latt] procure =eign birds1 & tea* !m1 ! =m] ! indig5\s ones4 ,a good bird cat*] ought to "k n only ! diff]5t modes ( tak+ birds1 b also all ! calls = attract+ ! diff]5t species & sexes3 ! call notes v>y v mu* among h\se birds1 accord+ to _! passions & wants2 ?us ! common *aff9*1 :5 call+ its companions1 (t5 repeats iack1 iack2 :5 express+ joy1 f9k1 f9k1 :i* x also does :5 angry1 ?\gh l\d] & m quickly2 :il/ its cry ( sorr[ is treef1 treef4 ,! sci5ce ( bird cat*+ consi/s 9 /udy+ ^! diff]5t languages well1 & x w ensure success4 ,z ea* species ( bird requires a diff]5t mode1 ,i %all m5tion ! v>i\s me?ods 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w1 & %all "h only speak ( bird cat*+ 9 g5]al4 ,! fir/ ?+ to "k is ! prop] "t to take birds4 ,= birds ( passage1 impell$ by cold & want ( food to *ange _! climate1 nets %\ld be spread 9 spr+ & autumn2 erratic birds1 :i* *ange _! place m]ely 9 se>* ( food1 may be tak51 "s 9 w9t]1 "s 9 spr+1 & o!rs 9 autumn2 ^? birds :i* nev] quit _! native place may be tak5 at any season1 b m easily 9 w9t]1 :5 !y assemble 9 small flocks4 ,autumn is ! "t = tak+ birds 9 nets2 "s1 attract$ by a call-bird1 or by food1 come ( _! own accord into ! trap2 o!rs1 z ! diff]5t species ( l>ks1 mu/ be driv5 to ! net2 b spr+ is ! be/ season = employ+ ! decoy1 or call-birds1 conceal$ 9 cages1 & also = cat*+ ! nor!rn birds on _! return f ! s\!rn c\ntries to _! own4 ,x is ! be/ "t = obs]v+ ! diff]5t sexes ( ^! birds1 = ! males always arrive "s days1 or ev5 a :ole week1 soon] ?an ! females2 h5ce x happ5s t at fir/ ! bird cat*]s take only ! =m]1 :ile ! latt] are caught aft]w>ds4 ,m>* & ,april are ! be/ mon?s = ?is sport1 :i* %\ld always be made 9 ! morn+ f ! break ( day till n9e o'clock1 z aft]w>ds ! birds are too mu* engag$ seek+ _! food to li/5 to ! call ( ! decoy birds4 ,z mo/ ( ! h\se birds ( ! fir/ class1 are caught 9 ! net1 ,i %all describe ! simple mann] 9 :i* x is done 9 ,?ur+ia4 ,"s r /rong bran*es ( oak & bee* are *os5 ) _! leaves on2 ab\t ! space ( a foot is cle>$ ( leaves1 a foot & a half f ! top ( ! bran*es1 & 9 ?is space not*es are made = fix+ lime twigs3 ! bu%1 :5 ?us prep>$1 mu/ be plac$ on an em95ce 9 ! mo/ frequ5t$ "p ( ! birds' pa?1 = birds ( passage h fix$ roads :i* !y always foll[1 & 9 :i* numb]s may be se51 :il/ ab\t f\r hundr$ paces di/ant n "o c be met )4 ,^! tracks g5]ally foll[ ! m\nta9s :i* bord] on valleys4 ,x is on ^! m\nta9s !n t ! decoy bu% mu/ be plac$2 x mu/ !n be g>ni%$ ) lime twigs1 plac$ 9 an incl9$ position1 & b5ea? on ! gr\nd mu/ be put ! decoy birds1 cov]+ _! cages ) bran*es ( fir or any o!r tree1 s t ! birds _c see "o ano!r1 z t w\ld prev5t ! birds ( passage f /opp+1 & ! o!rs f call+4 ,decoy birds tak5 wild are pref]r$ to ^? re>$ f ! ne/1 = ^! nev] "k ! call note well1 or at lea/ d n repeat x (t5 en\gh4 ,"o ( ! be/ modes ( cat*+ is by :at is call$ ! wat]-trap2 all k9ds ( birds may be caught by x1 & !re is always a *oice4 ,?is sport is v agreeable 9 ! hot summ] days1 = y h only to sit quietly "u ! ?ick %ade ( ! foliage by ! side ( a runn+ /ream4 ,a net ( ?ree1 f\r1 or six feet long1 & ?ree or f\r wide1 accord+ to ! size ( ! place1 mu/ be spread ov] a tr5* made on purpose to receive ! wat]4 ,"s /icks ( ab\t an in* ?ick mu/ be put into ! tr5* level ) ! wat]1 to :i* hoops are fix$ to prev5t ! net f gett+ wet by fall+ into ! wat]2 ! re/ ( ?is little canal mu/ be cov]$ ) bran*es4 ,if ! place be well *os5 x w be surr\nd$ dur+ ! day ) numb]s ( diff]5t birds4 ,?is sport may be c>ri$ on f ! #bd? ( ,july till ,octob]1 f ! ris+ to ! sett+ ( ! sun4 ,:5 ! wat]-trap c be set ne> a =e/1 9 a grove ( p9es & firs1 ne> quickset h$ges & g>d5s1 or 9 ! middle ( a mead[1 wood or field-birds may be caught at ! same "t4 ,= ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 small cages are made :i* c be fold$ up & put into ! pocket4 ,!y only s]ve1 h[ev]1 = ! tame/ k9ds ( birds1 su* z goldf9*es1 sisk9s1 & l9nets2 ^? :i* are v wild & viol5t1 z *aff9*es & l>ks1 %\ld be put into a small bag made ( l951 ! bottom ( :i* mu/ be l9$ ) felt4 ,:5 br\ght to ! h\se ! viol5t species mu/ be imm$iately put into a d>k place1 & _! cages cov]$ ) bran*es or any?+ else1 t !y may n injure !mselves1 or spoil _! plumage4 ,a little att5tion to ! birds' actions 9 su* cases w po9t out :at is be/ to be done1 = among/ birds ( ! same species !re is no?+ regul> 9 ?is respect4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,br[n ,,owl4 ,,birds ,,( ,,prey4 ,birds ( prey are s call$ f fe$+ only on animals3 !y h a hook$ beak1 /rong feet1 & v %>p claws4 ,"s birds ( ?is gr\p are us$ 9 falconry1 s call$ because sev]al species ( falcon are employ$ 9 ! sport3 o!rs1 z ! owls1 are us$ to attract small birds to ! b>n-floor trap1 & rooks to ! decoy-hut4 ,!re seems little probability t bird-fanci]s %\ld wi% to keep su* birds z ^! 9 ! h\se4 ,two species1 h[ev]1 appe> to m]it di/9ction1 ! ke/ril & ! little owl4 ,,! ,,ke/ril4 ,falco ,t9nunculus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,cress]elle1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,?urmfalke1 ,,be*/e94 ,its size is t ( a turtle-dove1 its l5g? f\rte5 in*es1 includ+ ! tail1 :i* measures six1 & two-?irds ( :i* is cov]$ by ! fold$ w+s4 ,! wax1 ! irides1 & feet are yell[4 ,9 g5]al ?is is a h&some bird2 b ! male1 z 9 all birds ( prey1 diff]s f ! female1 n less 9 ! body be+ a ?ird small] ?an 9 ! col\rs ( 8 plumage4 ,! top ( ! head is ( a f9e light grey1 ! back & ! less] w+ cov]ts are ( a r$ brick col\r spott$ ) black2 ! belly is r$di%1 & /reak$ ) black2 ! fea!rs ( ! tail d>k br[n spott$ ) :ite1 end+ 9 a broad black bord]4 ,illu/ration ,! back & w+s ( ! female are ( a ru/ r$ cross$ ) _m black l9es2 ! head is ( a light r$di% br[n /reak$ ) black2 ! tail ( ! same col\r1 & t]m9at$1 l t ( ! male1 ) a broad black bord]2 ! extremity1 h[ev]1 ( ea* is pale#ac4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! ke/ril falcon may be f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 pref]r+ m\nta9\s places1 :]e !re are walls ( rocks or ru9$ ca/les4 ,x is a bird ( passage1 :i* dep>ts 9 ,octob] ) ! l>ks1 & may !n be se5 hov]+ ov] !m1 or p\nc+ at mice2 x returns 9 ! foll[+ ,m>*4 ,9 ! h\se1 if tak5 :5 old1 x mu/ be kept 9 a wire cage2 b if caught & tra9$ :5 "y x may be left q at lib]ty1 provid$ its w+s are kept clipp$2 9 t case x w nei!r quit ! h\se nor lodg+ assign$ x1 especially :5 become famili> ) ! dogs & cats4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x preys on small birds & mice1 pursues sp>r[s to ! h\se-top1 & ev5 attacks birds 9 _! cages2 x is nev]!less cont5t$ ) cock*af]s1 beetles1 & gras%opp]s4 ,9 conf9em5t x is f$ on birds1 mice1 & a little raw meat2 :5 giv5 only ! fre% (fal ( pigeons1 or ! lights & liv]s ( %eep1 x becomes s tame1 t ev5 if tak5 :5 old x nev] appe>s to regret ! loss ( its fre$om4 ,,bre$+4--,! ke/ril falcon builds its ne/ 9 ! fissures ( rooks1 high t[]s1 old ca/les1 or "s ag$ tree4 ,x lays f f\r to six eggs ( a r$di% yell[ col\r1 spott$ ) r$ & br[n4 ,! "y ones1 :i* are at fir/ cov]$ ) a simple :ite d[n1 may be easily re>$ on fre% mutton4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,lime twigs plac$ ov] ! ne/ w easily secure ! old ones :5 !y come to fe$ _! "y2 or a bird ( prey's basket1 ) a l>k or m\se put 9 x z a lure1 may be plac$ :]e ^! birds are mo/ frequ5tly se54 ,?is ma*9e is rais$ on f\r /akes1 & some:at resembles a common safe1 hav+ a l[] %elf z l>ge z a mod]ate siz$ table1 ) f\r upright po/s1 to :i* are fa/5$ ! p>titions ( net or wire2 on ! top & sides are fix$ two iron rods2 on ^!1 by means ( r+s1 !re runs a net :i* cov]s ! :ole4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its f9e plumage1 its sonor\s notes kle1 kle1 :i* x sometimes repeats 9 cont9u$ succession1 & its amus+ actions1 mu/ make x a fav\rite ) mo/ amateurs2 x _c1 inde$1 l o!r species ( falcon1 be tra9$ to ! *ase2 b if tak5 :5 v "y1 & f$ ) ! food be=e m5tion$1 x may be taught to fly to "s di/ance & !n return1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! l>ge/ cities4 ,,! ,,little ,,owl4 ,/rix pass]9a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,*ev*e1 ou ,petite ,*\ette1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,zw]geule1 ,,be*/e94 ,! fea!rs ( ?is bird make x appe> l>g] ?an x really is4 ,its l5g? is f eight to n9e in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures at lea/ ?ree2 ! fold$ w+s almo/ rea* ! extremity2 ! beak is t5 l9es 9 l5g?1 br[n at ! base1 & yell[ at ! po9t2 ! iris is yell[ 9 summ]1 & mead[ gre5 9 w9t]2 ! claws blacki%2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is light br[n1 ) r\nd :ite spots1 :i* are l>ge/ on ! back & %\ld]s2 ! l[] "p is :ite1 spott$ ) d>k br[n & a little orange2 ! quill fea!rs d>k br[n1 ) :ite spots2 ! tail light]1 ) r$ spots1 :i* may almo/ be tak5 = transv]se b&s4 ,! col\rs are less brilliant 9 ! female4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ?is small species ( owl frequ5ts old build+s1 t[]s1 & *ur* walls1 :]e its ne/ is also f\nd#ad4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ always be kept 9 a cage1 :i* may be hung 9 ! w9d[1 = if p]mitt$ to mix ) ! o!r birds x w\ld kill !m4 ,,food4--,:5 wild its g5]al food is mice & l>ge insects2 ,i h also f\nd 9 ! indige/$ rema9s :i* ?is1 l o!r birds ( prey1 dis*>ges f its /oma*1 a consid]able quantity ( ! fruit ( ! r$ cornel tree 7,cornus sangu9ea1 ,l9nu74 ,?is proves t x also fe$s on b]ries4 ,9 ! cage x may be kept = "s "t 9 good heal?1 )\t hav+ its excrem5ts ta9t$1 if f$ on dri$ mutton3 ! sk91 fat1 & bones mu/ be remov$1 & ! meat left to soak 9 wat] = two days be=e x is eat54 ,?ree qu>t]s ( an ounce a day ( ?is meat dri$ w be suffici5t1 p>ticul>ly if n[ & !n "s mice or birds be giv5 x1 :i* x swall[s1 fea!rs & all2 x c dev\r z _m z five mice at a meal4 ,x beg9s to wake up at ab\t two 9 ! aft]noon1 & !n becomes v lively1 & soon wants its food4 ,,bre$+4--,! female lays two :ite eggs1 :i* ! male takes 8 turn to sit ^u2 ! "y ones may be v easily re>$ on fre% meat1 p>ticul>ly on pigeons4 ,be=e ! fir/ m\lt+ ! head is ( a s(t r$di% grey cl\d$ ) :ite4 ,! l>ge r\nd spots on ! back become gradually m m>k$1 & ! r$di% :ite ( ! "u "p by degrees acquires long /reaks ( br[n on ! brea/ & sides4 ,,diseases4--,if great c>e be n tak5 sometimes to give x mice or birds1 ! fur & fea!rs ( :i* cleanse ! /oma*1 x w soon die ( decl9e4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,:5 ! place ( its retreat dur+ ! day is discov]$1 x _c fail to be tak5 if a net 9 ! =m ( a bag or sack be plac$ ov] ! m\? ( ! hole1 = ! bird w by ?is means entrap itself :5 endeav\r+ to come out = ! ev5+4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?is bird1 :i* is v cleanly1 always deposits its dung 9 "o p>ticul> spot4 ,its s+ul> motions are amus+1 b its h>% cry1 & re/lessness1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! season ( copulation1 are r disagreeable4 ,x is mu* us$ on ! cont95t z a decoy1 to entrap small birds4 ,,pies4 ,! birds ( ?is gr\p h ! beak a little flat1 m or less hook$1 g5]ally 9 ! =m ( a knife1 & ( a middl+ size4 ,! feet are 9 g5]al /rong & %ort2 ! l[] "p1 be+ mu* divid$1 may be us$ = walk+ or climb+4 ,_! food consi/s ( insects1 worms1 ! fle% & rema9s ( animals1 se$s & fruit4 ,9 a few species ! note is pleas+2 sev]al may be taught to speak2 & "s are admir$ = _! h&some plumage4 ,,! ,,great ,,but*] ,,bird4 ,illu/ration ,lanius ,excubitor1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,d] geme9e ,wrg]1 ,,be*/e92 ,la ,pie-,gri*e grise1 ,,buffon4 ,x is a little l>g] ?an ! ,r$w+ 7,turdus ,iliacus1 ,l9n47 ,its l5g? is n9e in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s2 ! w+s1 :5 fold$1 cov] "o-?ird ( ! tail4 ,! beak is eight l9es 9 l5g?2 ! iris is v d>k br[n2 ! %anks iron grey4 ,all ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a f9e a% col\r1 %ad+ (f to :ite above ! eyes1 on ! =ehead1 ! %\ld]s1 & ! rump4 ,! tail is w$ge-%ap$1 :ite at ! po9t1 & black 9 ! middle4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ?is species g5]ally frequ5ts groves1 ?ickets1 & ! bord]s ( =e/s2 x is also f\nd among brambles1 & on lonely trees1 always p]*$ on ! top4 ,x nev] quits ! abode x has once *os51 ei!r 9 w9t] or summ]4 ,:5 caught x mu/ be kept 9 a l>ge wire cage4 ,its livel9ess & desire = prey prev5t its be+ p]mitt$ to mix ) ! o!r birds4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate1 x fe$s 9 summ] on gras%opp]s1 crickets1 beetles1 & o!r insects1 ev5 liz>ds1 & small add]s1 & :5 ^? fail1 on mice & small birds2 ^!1 ) mice1 moles1 & ! l1 =m its w9t] food4 ,:5 pursu+ its prey1 ! %rike makes a p>ticul> movem5t1 9 ord] to seize x on ! side2 b x does n always succe$1 z x _c use its claws l birds ( prey1 & (t5 only c>ries (f a beakful ( fea!rs4 ,9 ! cage1 if ! bird be tak5 :5 old1 "s mice1 birds1 or liv+ insects1 may be ?r[n to x1 tak+ c>e to leave x q alone1 = z long z any "o is pres5t x w t\* no?+2 b z soon z x has once begun to fe$ freely x w eat fre% meat1 & ev5 become accu/om$ to ! univ]sal pa/e1 describ$ 9 ! ,introduction4 ,?is %rike eats v mu* = its size1 at ! lea/ "o ounce ( meat at a meal4 ,x likes to h a =k$ bran*1 or cross$ /icks 9 its cage1 across ! angles ( :i* x ?r[s ! m\se1 or any o!r prey :i* has be5 giv5 x1 & !n d>t+ on x beh9d f ! opposite side ( ! cage1 dev\rs e morsel1 let x be ev] s l>ge4 ,x ba!s freely4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,al?\gh x flies v swiftly :5 pursu+ its prey1 x may easily be tak5 if a ne/ ( "y birds1 cry+ f hung]1 be susp5d$ to "s lime twigs4 ,9 autumn & w9t]1 x w sometimes d>t on birds 9 cages :i* are outside ! w9d[4 ,x may !n be easily caught1 if ! cage be put into a sort ( box1 hav+ ! lid s plac$ t ! bird by ! lea/ t\* w\ld cause x to fall ^u itself4 ,^! means mu/ be employ$ by ^? :o wi% to possess birds :i* !y c let g & come at w4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its cry some:at resembles ! guir1 guir ( ! l>k2 l ! nutcrack]1 x c imitate ! diff]5t notes1 b n ! songs1 ( o!r birds4 ,no?+ is m agreeable ?an its own w>bl+1 :i* mu* resembles ! :i/l+ ( ! grey p>rot2 its ?roat at ! "t be+ exp&$ l t ( ! gre5 frog4 ,x is a great pity t x only s+s dur+ ! pair+ season1 :i* is f ,m>* to ,may1 & ev5 !n (t5 spoils ! beautiful melody ( its song1 ) "s h>%1 discordant notes4 ,! female also s+s4 ,z "s ( its tones resemble ! human voice1 x might probably be taught to speak4 ,,! ,,little ,,%rike4 ,lanius m9or1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,d] graue ,wrg]1 ,,be*/e94 ,x is ab\t ! size ( ! sky-l>k1 be+ eight in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & a half1 ! fold$ w+s cov] "o-?ird4 ,! beak is black1 & sev5 in*es 9 l5g?2 ! iris br[n2 ! legs ( a lead-col\r2 ! =ehead black2 a broad /reak ( ! same col\r pass+ f ! beak across ! eyes & ov] ! *eeks2 ! tail is w$ge-%ap$2 ! ext]ior fea!rs are :ite1 ) a black spot4 ,! female only diff]s f ! male 9 be+ a little small]1 ! /reak on ! *eeks is %ort] & n>r[]1 & !re is g5]ally only "o :ite fea!r 9 ! tail4 ,,habitation4--,wild1 x is a bird ( passage1 dep>t+ ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 & return+ ! beg9n+ ( ! foll[+ ,may#ae4 ,x g5]ally frequ5ts woods1 or*>ds1 & ! h$ges ( fields4 ,always p]*$ on ! tops ( trees1 x r>ely desc5ds into ! l[] bu%es4 ,x fe$s on insects4 ,9 ! h\se1 x mu/ h a l>ge wire cage l ! l>ks1 b ) ?ree p]*es4 ,x is n safe to let x mix ) ! o!r birds1 z x w\ld soon kill !m4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x fe$s on beetles1 cock*af]s1 crickets1 breeze-flies1 & o!r insects2 :5 ^! fail1 9 consequ5ce ( a long cont9uance ( ra91 x sometimes seizes "y birds4 ,9 ! h\se1 if an old bird & lately tak51 z soon z x is put 9 ! cage1 "s liv+ insects1 or a small bird j kill$1 mu/ be ?r[n into x4 ,aft] "s "t1 x w be satisfi$ ) raw or dress$ meat2 b x is n always an easy task to get x to eat ?is food1 = x w sometimes take eight successive days1 dur+ :i* meal worms & o!r insects are add$2 b z soon z x is accu/om$ to meat1 x becomes s tame t x w fe$ f ! h&1 & if ! cage door be op5$ x w ev5 p]* on ! wri/ to eat4 ,not)/&+ all my c>e1 ,i h only be5 able to pres]ve ^? two ye>s1 :i* h be5 tak5 wild1 !y h all di$ ( decl9e#af2 ^?1 on ! contr>y1 :i* h be5 re>$ f ! ne/1 d n require s mu* att5tion1 be+ cont5t$ ) any k9d ( common food4 ,,bre$+4--,?is bird g5]ally builds 9 a tree on ! edge ( a wood1 or 9 a g>d51 ! ne/ be+ r l>ge & irregul>4 ,! "y are f$ on beetles & gras%opp]s4 ,9 ord] to re> !m1 !y mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 ! tail beg9s to gr[1 & f$ at fir/ on ants' eggs1 & aft]w>ds on :ite bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,:5 ! p>ticul> brambles & bran*es h be5 obs]v$1 on :i* ?is bird wat*es = its prey1 x is n difficult to cat* x2 = not)/&+ its great quickness1 x is n ! less imprud5t1 = x all[s itself to be caught 9 ! bird-lime 9 ! mo/ /upid mann]4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?is species has no p>ticul> song3 ! female has none at all2 b ! male imitates1 ) wond]ful facility1 ! songs ( o!r birds1 n only ! deta*$ p>ts1 b ! :ole notes1 s correctly t x w\ld n be difficult to mi/ake x4 ,?us x imitates exactly1 & 9 ord]1 all ! v>iations ( ! song ( ! night+ale1 ?\gh m feebly1 & l an e*o1 its notes n be+ s full & cle>3 x imitates equally well ! song ( ! l>k1 & simil> birds4 ,?is wond]ful p[] ( imitation _c fail to please amateurs1 & make !m wi% to possess ?is int]e/+ bird4 ,i h obs]v$ t x likes be/ to repeat ! call ( ! quail4 ,"o ( ?is species :i* ,i _h among my collection1 always /opp$ its song1 h[ev] lively1 :5 x he>d t ( ! quail1 = ! purpose ( imitat+ x2 ! latt]1 be=e x 0 accu/om$ to ?is1 became v jeal\s1 & z soon z x he>d x1 ran ab\t 9 e direction1 furi\sly endeav\r+ to fight its fanci$ rival4 ,,! ,,wood*at4 ,lanius ery?rocephalus4 ,lan4 ,collurio1 rufus1 et pom]anus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,pie ,gri*e r\sse1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro?kpfige ,wrg]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is small] & m delicate ?an ! =m] species1 be+ only sev5 in*es long1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & a half2 ! fold+ w+s cov] "o ?ird2 ! beak is eight l9es 9 l5g?1 & black2 ! iris greyi% yell[2 ! %anks blui% black2 ! =ehead black1 f ! base ( :i* a b& ( ! same col\r ext5ds ov] ! eyes4 ,! tail fea!rs are also black1 b ! out] ones only s to ! middle1 ! re/ be+ :ite4 ,! female only diff]s f ! male 9 its col\r be+ less brilliant4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is a bird ( passage1 arriv+ at ! end ( ,april1 & dep>t+ ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb]#ag4 ,x inhabits m\nta9s1 =e/s1 & wood$ pla9s1 b pref]s enclos$ pa/ures :]e horses are kept day & night4 ,9 conf9em5t x requires ! same treatm5t z ! prec$+4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x pref]s beetles1 ! dung ( c[s & horses1 maybugs1 gras%opp]s1 breeze-flies1 & o!r insects2 x (t5 also d>ts ^u liz>ds & "y quails4 ,9 a /ate ( conf9em5t x is f$ l ! prec$+2 b be+ m delicate x is bett] to re> x f ! ne/1 fe$+ x on raw meat4 ,if an old bird be tak51 x is impossible to pres]ve x unless x be con/antly f$ on live insects4 ,,bre$+4--,! wood*at commonly builds its ne/ on ! ?ick & bu%y bran*es ( l>ge trees1 & makes x ( small /icks1 moss1 hogs' bri/les1 wool & fur4 ,! female bre$s twice1 lay+ ea* "t six r$di%-:ite eggs1 m>k$ p>ticul>ly at ! l>ge end ) di/9ct r$ spots1 mix$ ) pale ones ( a blui% grey4 ,! "y ones are hat*$ 9 fifte5 days2 _! col\r1 be=e ! fir/ m\lt+1 is on ! upp] "p1 dirty :ite1 spott$ ) grey2 ! "u "p is also dirty :ite1 cl\d$ ) pale grey2 ! w+ cov]ts are bord]$ ) ru/ col\r2 ! quill fea!rs & tail are black4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,a cruel me?od1 b ! sure/1 is to place bird-lime on its ne/1 ?is be+ ! mo/ w>y species ( %rike2 b z x ba!s freely x may be tak5 ab\t ! middle ( ! day at its wa%+ place1 if ne> h$ges4 ,x is (t5 f\nd dr[n$ 9 l>ge ponds4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,al?\gh ?is species appe>s end[$ ) z good a memory z ! prec$+1 its notes are less agreeable1 n be+ s s(t1 & x introduces "s /anzas ( its own %rill & h>% w>bl+ into ! songs t x imitates1 :i* are ^? ( ! night+ale1 l9net1 r$/>t1 & goldf9*4 ,b ?is bird is mo/ admir$ = its beautiful plumage4 ,,! ,,flu%]4 ,illu/ration ,lanius sp9itorquus1 ,,be*/e92 ,lanius ,collurio1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ecor*eur1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro?rckige ,wrg]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is pretty species seems to =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! pies & ! s++ birds1 s mu* does x resemble ! latt] 9 its diff]5t qualities4 ,its l5g? is a little m ?an six in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & a qu>t]4 ,! w+s1 :5 fold$1 cov] "o ?ird4 ,! beak is black1 & ! iris ( ! eyes light br[n2 ! legs1 blui% black4 ,9 ! male1 ! head1 ! nape ( ! neck1 ! tail cov]ts1 & ! ?ighs1 are grey4 ,?is col\r is light] on ! =ehead & above ! eyes4 ,a black b& ext5ds f ! no/rils to ! e>s4 ,! beak & w+ cov]ts are ( a f9e r$ br[n2 ! rump & "u "p ( ! body :ite1 slightly t+$ ) p9k on ! brea/1 sides1 & belly2 ! c5tre tail fea!rs are entirely black1 ! o!rs :ite at ! tip4 ,! col\rs 9 ! female diff] consid]ably f ^? ( ! male4 ,all ! upp] "p ( ! body is dirty r$di% br[n1 slightly %ad+ into grey on ! upp] "p ( ! neck & rump2 !re is a sc>cely visible %ade ( :ite on ! back & %\ld]s2 ! =ehead & above ! eyes is yell[i%1 ! *eeks br[n1 ! ?roat & belly dirty :ite2 ! "u p>ts ( ! neck1 brea/1 & sides1 are yell[i% :ite1 cross$ ) wav+ br[n l9es2 ! quill fea!rs are d>k br[n1 ! out] ones edg$ ) :ite1 ! o!rs to ! f\r c5tre ones h only a :ite spot2 ! tail d>k br[n1 ) "s %ades ( orange4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is "o ( ! late/ birds ( passage1 z x does n arrive till ,may4 ,x is sometimes f\nd 9 woody valleys :]e cattle graze1 m commonly 9 h$ges1 & fields ) bu%es 9 !m1 or 9 inclos$ pa/ures :]e horses & c[s are kept4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ migratory birds to dep>t1 :i* x does 9 ,augu/1 9 families1 ev5 be=e ! "y ones h m\lt$4 ,9 ! h\se1 x mu/ be treat$ l ! =m]1 & kept 9 a wire cage1 = x w\ld soon kill its companions1 z ,i exp]i5c$ "s ye>s ago4 ,! bird ,i ref] to _h be5 ?ree days )\t eat+1 al?\gh ,i _h giv5 him a great v>iety ( dead birds & insects4 ,on ! f\r? day ,i set him at lib]ty 9 ! room1 suppos+ him too weak to hurt ! o!r birds1 & ?9k+ t he w\ld become bett] accu/om$ to 8 new food if ,i left him at lib]ty4 ,h>dly 0 he set free ?an he seiz$ & kill$ a dunnock be=e ,i _h "t to save x2 ,i let him eat x1 & !n put him back into ! cage4 ,f ?is "t1 z if 8 fury 7 satisfi$1 he ate all t 0 giv5 him4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate1 x eats l>ge quantities ( beetles1 maybugs1 crickets1 & gras%opp]s1 b x pref]s breeze-flies1 & o!r insects :i* teaze ! cattle4 ,x impales z _m ( ^! insects z x c cat* = its meal on ! ?orns ( bu%es4 ,if1 dur+ a long cont9uance ( ra91 ^! insects disappe>1 x !n fe$s on field-mice1 liz>ds1 & "y birds1 :i* x also fixes on ! ?orns4 ,:5 conf9$1 its food is ! same z ! prec$+ species4 ,"s insects1 mix$ ) ! night+ales' pa/e1 make x m palatable = x4 ,a little raw or dress$ meat may also be giv5 x f "t to "t4 ,,bre$+4--,:5 ! season is fav\rable ?is species bre$s twice1 & g5]ally *ooses a l>ge haw?orn bu% 9 :i* to build its ne/1 roots & co>se /ubble =m+ ! base ( x1 !n a lay] ( moss int]wov5 ) wool1 & ! f9e/ fibres ( roots l9+ ! int]ior4 ,! female lays f five to six gre5i% :ite eggs1 spott$ all ov]1 especially at ! l>ge end1 & speckl$ ) r$ & grey2 ! male takes 8 turn ) ! female to sit dur+ f\rte5 days4 ,be=e m\lt+1 ! "y ones resemble ! female 9 col\r4 ,! back & brea/ are gre5i% grey1 /reak$ ) sev]al wav+ br[n l9es2 ! belly is dirty :ite4 ,!y c be easily re>$ by fe$+ !m at fir/ ) ants' eggs1 !n ) dress$ meat1 & aft]w>ds ) :ite bread soak$ 9 milk3 ?is la/ food x always likes if e>ly accu/om$ to x4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,z soon z ?is bird arrives 9 ,may1 ! bu%es on :i* x mo/ frequ5tly p]*es mu/ be obs]v$2 ^! are v few1 & on !m ! lime twigs mu/ be plac$2 x is (t5 entrapp$ )9 a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,success is m c]ta9 if a beetle1 maybug1 or breeze-fly1 be fa/5$ ne> ! lime twigs ) horse hair1 by two feet1 s t x c move its w+s4 ,z soon z ! bird is /uck 9 ! bird-lime x is necess>y :5 tak+ x to avoid its beak1 z x pecks v h>d4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?is bird does n rank l[ among ! s+]s2 its song is n only v pleas+ b cont9ual4 ,:ile s++1 x is g5]ally p]*$ on a lonely bu%1 or on ! l[] bran*es ( a tree1 b always ne> its ne/4 ,its w>bl+ is compos$ ( ! songs ( ! swall[1 goldf9*1 fauvette1 night+ale1 r$-brea/1 & l>k1 ) :i*1 inde$1 x mixes "h & !re "s ( its own h>% notes4 ,x almo/ exclusively imitates ! birds 9 its imm$iate neighb\rhood2 x v r>ely repeats ! song or call ( ^? :i* m]ely fly pa/ x2 :5 x does1 x seems only 9 mock]y4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s songs :i* x _c imitate3 = in/ance1 t ( ! *aff9* & yell[hamm]1 its ?roat n seem+ to be suffici5tly flexible = ^!4 ,9 ! h\se1 its song is compos$ ( ! w>bl+ ( ^? birds ^: cages are hung ne> x4 ,x is v lively1 & its plumage is h&some4 ,if a room is to be cle>$ ( flies1 "o ( ^! birds set at lib]ty 9 x w soon effect x2 x cat*es !m fly+ ) great skill & agility4 ,:5 a ?orny bran* is giv5 x1 x impales all its flies1 mak+ at ! same "t ! drolle/ & mo/ s+ul> movem5ts4 ,?is species easily & quickly le>ns to :i/le airs1 b x =gets !m ) ! same facility1 9 ord] to le>n new ones4 ,,! ,,rav54 ,illu/ration ,corvus ,corax1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,corbeau1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,kolkrabe1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is & ! ?ree foll[+ species ought n to be reckon$ among h\se birds2 b z !y are easily taught to speak1 & are (t5 re>$ = t purpose1 ,i mu/ n neglect to m5tion !m "h4 ,! rav5 is well kn[n4 ,its l5g? is two feet1 ( :i* ! tail measures eight in*es & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! col\r1 :i* is black1 9 p>ticul> lights reflects a violet t9t on ! upp]1 & gre5 on ! l[] "p ( ! body1 ( ! w+s & tail4 ,! ?roat is ( a pal] black4 ,( all ! birds ( ?is g5us1 di/+ui%$ by hav+ ! beak 9 ! =m ( a knife1 & ! base furni%$ ) /rong bri/les :i* ext5d =w>d1 ! rav51 on acc\nt ( ! size ( its tongue1 is ! be/ fitt$ to articulate words2 h5ce1 9 ,?ur+ia1 p are (t5 salut$1 on ent]+ an inn1 ) "s abusive language f "o ( ^! rav5s1 conf9$ ne> ! door1 9 a l>ge cage l a t[]4 ,:5 x has be5 re>$ f ! ne/ 7:i* mu/ be done 9 ord] to tea* x to speak7 x may be left at lib]ty2 x w come :5 call$ by "n to receive its food4 ,ev]y?+ :i* %9es mu/ be put out ( its way1 p>ticul>ly gold & silv]1 z x does n fail to c>ry x (f1 l ! o!r birds ( its k9d4 ,"o1 :i* 0 br\ght be=e ,augu/us1 _h be5 taught to repeat1 ,ave ,cs>1 victor1 imp]ator1 9 ord] to salute him on 8 return f victory4 ,"s p are accu/om$ to cut :at is call$ ! n]ve ( ! tongue1 suppos+ t x w\ld make !m bett] able to articulate s\nds2 b x seems mo/ probable t ?is cruel practice is ( little use1 &1 l _m o!rs1 only a vulg> prejudice1 = ,i h he>d rav5s speak p]fectly well )\t hav+ ! tongue t\*$4 ,?is bird 0 v mu* priz$ at a "t :5 div9ation made a "p ( religion4 ,its mo/ m9ute actions1 all ! motions ( its flight1 & ! diff]5t s\nds ( its voice1 7 c>efully /udi$2 9 ! latt]1 p pret5d+ to discov] ev5 sixty-f\r diff]5t modulations1 besides _m %ades /ill m delicate & difficult to det]m9e4 ,?is mu/ c]ta9ly h requir$ an excessively f9e e>1 z its croak+ is p>ticul>ly simple4 ,e alt]ation1 let x be ev] s slight1 _h its p>ticul> signification4 ,impo/ors 7 n want+1 :o pret5d$ to und]/&1 or dupes :o easily believ$1 ^! idle fancies4 ,"s h c>ri$ _! folly to su* a pit* z to p]suade !mselves t by eat+ ! he>t & entrails ( ! rav5 !y w\ld acquire its gift ( prophecy4 ,,habitation4--,?is species only inhabits ! wood$ p>ts ( a c\ntry2 x !re builds its ne/ on ! highe/ trees4 ,its eggs1 f ?ree to five 9 numb]1 are ( a dirty gre51 /reak$ ) olive br[n4 ,if ! "y ones be tak5 9 ord] to in/ruct !m1 !y mu/ be remov$ on ! twelf? day aft] bur/+ ! %ell1 :5 !y h only half _! fea!rs4 ,!y are f$ on meat1 snails1 worms1 & bread soak$ 9 milk2 aft] a little "t !y w eat bread1 meat1 & any refuse f ! table4 ,9 its wild /ate ! rav5 eats lev]ets1 birds' eggs1 mice1 "y gosl+s1 *ick5s1 & snails1 & ev5 pe>s1 *]ries1 & o!r fruit2 ?is %[s u t x is r hurtful z well z useful4 ,,! ,,c>rion ,,cr[4 ,corvus corone1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,corneille1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,s*w>ze ,krhe1 ,,be*/e94 ,x only diff]s f ! prec$+ 9 its size1 & 9 ! tail be+ r\nd$ in/ead ( w$ge-%ap$4 ,its :ole l5g? is eighte5 in*es4 ,its plumage is black1 ) "s t9ts ( violet on ! upp] "p ( ! body4 ,,peculi> ,,qualities4--,! c>rion cr[ is "o ( ! commone/ birds2 9 ! groves1 :i* x likes be/1 x congregates 9 su* numb]s t tw5ty ne/s h be5 built on ! same tree#ah2 ! eggs are spott$ ) grey or olive br[n on a gre5 gr\nd4 ,! "y may be tak5 f ! ne/ 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 or ev5 e>li] if ! w9t] be mild !y are treat$ & f$ l ! =m] species4 ,! c>rion cr[ is ev5 m easily tam$1 = ,i h se5 old ones1 :i* h be5 taught to g & come1 & o!rs 9 _! wild /ate1 :i* h regul>ly f$ 9 ! y>d go+ 9 ! spr+ to bre$ 9 ! woods1 & return+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! w9t] to pass t season 9 a dome/ic /ate4 ,insects1 worms1 mice1 fruit1 & gra9 =m its pr9cipal food 9 its wild /ate4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! easie/ & mo/ usual me?od is ) pap] cones1 at ! bottom ( :i* is put a bit ( meat1 & bird-lime on ! inn] edges4 ,x may also be caught ) lime twigs plac$ 9 ! y>d1 or be=e ! h\se1 on horse dung & among scatt]$ gra94 ,,! ,,hood$ ,,cr[4 ,corvus ,cornix1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,corneille ,mantele1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,nebelkrhe1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 a little l>g] ?an ! prec$+1 is grey1 ) ! head1 ?roat1 w+s1 & tail black4 ,9 ! w9t] x is f\nd ov] almo/ all ,europe1 b dur+ summ] x inhabits m nor!rn p>ts1 :]e x builds 9 groves & or*>ds ne> op5 fields3 its eggs are bright gre5 /reak$ & spott$ ) br[n4 ,if tak5 "y x is tam$ & taught to speak m easily ?an ! c>rion cr[4 ,,! ,,jack-,,daw4 ,illu/ration ,corvus ,mon$ula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,*ocas1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,dohle1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is naturally half tame1 & if re>$ f ! ne/ x w volunt>ily rema9 9 ! y>d ) ! p\ltry4 ,x makes its ne/ 9 old build+s1 h\ses1 ca/les1 t[]s1 & *ur*es3 its eggs are gre51 spott$ ) d>k br[n & black4 ,x is n s mu* to tea* x to speak t p l to re> "y jack-daws1 b to see x g & return at call4 ,ev5 old ones t are tak5 9 autumn may be accu/om$ to ?is1 cutt+ ! w+s at fir/1 & aga9 9 ! spr+1 s t z !y gr[ aga9 ! bird le>ns by degrees to come to a c]ta9 call4 ,dur+ w9t] x w always come into ! y>d4 ,! size ( ! jack-daw is t ( ! pigeon1 ?irte5 or f\rte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! back ( ! head is light grey1 ! re/ ( ! body black4 ,:5 9 w9t] x eats wild g>lic1 9 ! fields x smells v /rongly ( x1 & does n lose ! sc5t till x has be5 a week 9 ! h\se4 ,,! ,,jay4 ,corvus gl&>ius1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,geai1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,holzeh]1 ,,be*/e94 ,i h (t51 dur+ my y\?1 se5 ?is beautiful species ( bird among ! peasants ( ,?ur+ia conf9$ 9 cages1 & taught to speak4 ,x is ab\t ! size ( ! prec$+ bird4 ,its black beak is 9 %ape l t ( ! c>rion cr[4 ,! feet are br[n1 ) a slight %ade ( fle% col\r4 ,all ! small] fea!rs are s(t & silky4 ,a purple grey is ! mo/ pr$om9ant col\r2 ! ?roat is :iti%1 ! eyes are r$di% blue1 ! rump :ite2 ! l>ge cov]ts h ! out] side ( ! fea!rs ornam5t$ ) small b v brilliant b&s1 alt]nately blui% :ite1 light blue1 & blui% black1 :i* s(tly bl5d "o into ! o!r1 l ! col\rs 9 ! ra9b[1 & are a great ornam5t to ! bird4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ! female is t ! upp] "p ( ! neck is grey1 :]eas 9 ! male x is mu* r$d]1 & t col\r also ext5ds to ! back4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ! jay frequ5ts woods2 above all1 ^? 9 :i* !re are firs mix$ ) o!r trees4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be kept 9 a l>ge cage 9 ! =m ( a t[]1 or 9 any o!r %ape2 x is too dirty a bird to be let range at lib]ty4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x pref]s worms1 insects1 & b]ries1 :5 acorns & bee*-ma/ fail3 x makes great havoc among *]ries4 ,9 ! cage1 x soon becomes accu/om$ to bread soak$ 9 milk1 b x w eat almo/ any ?+1 bread1 s(t *eese1 bak$ meat1 & all t comes f table2 acorns & bee*-ma/ h[ev] are its fav\rite food4 ,x mu/ be kept v clean1 o!rwise its soil$ & dirty plumage w\ld make x look to great disadvantage4 ,x is bett] to fe$ x entirely on corn2 x becomes by ?is means less dirty1 & its excrem5ts are n s s(t or foetid4 ,x may be pres]v$ = sev]al ye>s on ?is food4 ,x mu/ always h fre% wat] giv5 x1 z mu* = dr9k+ z = ba?+4 ,,bre$+4--,! jay builds 9 bee*-trees1 oaks1 & firs4 ,its eggs are grey spott$ ) br[n4 ,! "y :i* are to be taught to speak mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/ aft] ! f\rte5? or fifte5? day1 & f$ on s(t *eese1 bread1 & meat3 x is easily taught & dome/icat$4 ,^? :i* are caught :5 old _c be tam$2 !y are always fright5$ :5 any "o approa*es !m1 hid+ & fa/+ = sev]al h\rs aft]w>ds r !n reappe>4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,%\ld anyone wi% to cat* ^! birds1 he mu/ seek 9 autumn = a lonely tree1 ab\t five or six paces f ! o!r trees ( ! wood1 :i* ! birds frequ5t mo/2 on x lime twigs mu/ be plac$4 ,9 ord] to effect ?is1 mo/ ( ! bran*es are cut (f 9 su* a mann] z to =m a k9d ( spiral /aircase1 comm5c+ ab\t t5 or twelve feet f ! gr\nd1 & ext5d+ to )9 six ( ! top4 ,aft] hav+ %ort5$ & r$uc$ ! bran*es to five or six spans 9 l5g?1 ! lime-twigs are fix$ to !m2 "u ! tree mu/ be plac$ a hut1 made ( gre5 bran*es1 l>ge en\gh to conta9 z _m p]sons z wi% to conceal !mselves2 on ! top ( ?is hut is plac$ a live owl1 or "o made ( clay2 ev5 ! sk9 ( a h>e arrang$ s t x may be mov$1 w suffice4 ,no?+ is n[ want+ to attract ! jays b a bird-call1 :i* is made ( a little /ick ) a not* cut 9 x & a little piece ( ! b>k ( ! *]ry-tree ins]t$1 ano!r bit s]v+ = a cov]4 ,on ?is in/rum5t ! voice ( ! owl1 ! great enemy ( ! jays1 may easily be imitat$2 & z soon z !y he> x !y come f all sides1 :ile _! cries mu/ be repeat$ by ! p 9 ! hut1 :i* makes !m assemble 9 /ill great] numb]s4 ,!y are soon entangl$ 9 ! bird-lime1 & fall pell mell into ! hut1 _! weight easily dragg+ !m ?r\gh ! slight cov]+4 ,_m o!r birds also collect on he>+ ! deceitful call1 &1 wi%+ to assi/ _! bre?r51 are !mselves entrapp$4 ,?us1 9 a few h\rs _m jays & a great numb] ( o!r birds may be caught1 su* z magpies1 ?ru%es1 woodpeck]s1 r$-brea/s1 & tits4 ,twilight is ! be/ "t = ?is sport4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,july jays may also be tak5 9 ! wat]-trap1 :]e "y ones1 ) _! tails only half gr[n1 are mo/ frequ5tly caught2 ^! may yet be taught & tam$4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,al?\gh x is easy to tea* ! jay to speak1 x w 9 g5]al only repeat s+le words2 b x imitates passably well little airs on ! trumpet & o!r %ort tunes4 ,its beautiful col\rs are a great attraction4 ,x may also be taught to g & come1 if 9 ! c\ntry3 b 9 ! city x is n s easily taught ?is z cr[s & rav5s4 ,,! ,,nut-,,crack]4 ,corvus ,c>yocatactes1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,casse-noix1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,tann5beh]1 ,,be*/e94 ,its l5g? is twelve in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures f\r & ?ree qu>t]s2 ! w+s1 :5 fold$1 rea* ! middle4 ,! beak & feet are black2 ! iris is r$di% br[n4 ,?\gh speckl$ l ! />l+1 its g5]al col\r is blacki% br[n1 light] above1 & d>k] und]nea? ! body4 ,! tail fea!rs are black1 b :ite at ! tip4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ! female is a r$d] br[n ?an t ( ! male4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate x inhabits1 dur+ summ]1 ! dep? ( woods1 ne> :i* !re are mead[s & spr+s1 & x does n quit ?is retreat till autumn1 :5 x frequ5ts ^? places :]e x c f9d acorns1 bee*-ma/1 & nuts4 ,dur+ h>d w9t]s x may sometimes be se5 on ! high road1 seek+ its food among/ ! horse-dung4 ,9 ! h\se x is kept l a jay4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate1 hav+ a v /rong beak1 x c op5 ! cones ( ! p9e & fir1 peel ! acorns & bee*-ma/1 & break ! nut-%ells4 ,x also eats diff]5t sorts ( b]ries1 b pref]s animal food & insects1 9 %ort1 any ?+ x c get4 ,9 conf9em5t x mu/ be f$ l ! jay2 b x is m easily tam$1 & accu/om$ to use diff]5t words4 ,x is s fond ( animal food1 t if a live jay 7 ?r[n into its cage x w\ld kill x & eat x 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r2 x w ev5 eat :ole squirrels :i* h be5 %ot1 & :i* o!r small birds ( prey fly f ) disgu/4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/1 plac$ 9 a holl[ tree1 g5]ally conta9s five or six eggs1 ) transv]se br[n /reaks scatt]$ on a d>k olive grey gr\nd4 ,! "y are re>$ on meat4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,x may be tak5 9 autumn by a noose1 hang+ s]vice b]ries to x2 success is m sure if "s nuts be put ne>4 ,x may also be tak5 9 ! wat]-trap4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its actions are z amus+ z ^? ( a %rike2 x imitates ! voice ( _m animals1 & *att]s z mu* z ! jay4 ,to judge f ! =m ( its tongue1 x seems possible to tea* x to speak1 if attempt$ :5 "y4 ,,! ,,magpie4 ,illu/ration ,corvus ,pica1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,pie1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,el/]1 ,,be*/e94 ,z ! magpie g5]ally frequ5ts places ne> ! abode ( man1 x is well kn[n4 ,x is eighte5 in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail alone measures t54 ,x may be call$ a h&some bird1 al?\gh its plumage is only black & :ite1 = ^! col\rs are p]fect 9 _! k9d1 & ! tail1 ne> ! end1 %9es ) a purple t9t1 gradually %ad+ into /eel blue4 ,,habitation4--,! magpie builds its ne/ on trees :i* are ne> t[ns & villages2 its eggs are pale gre51 speckl$ ) grey & br[n4 ,9 autumn ! "y ones assemble toge!r 9 small p>ties4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 ! magpie lives on worms1 insects1 fruits1 or roots1 & sometimes eats eggs & "y birds 9 _! ne/4 ,9 ! h\se1 x likes bread1 meat1 & any?+ t comes f table2 9 %ort1 :5 once tam$ x does n fail to ent] by ! w9d[ at meal times to take its %>e4 ,if x obta9 too mu*1 x hides :at x does n eat = ano!r "t4 ,?is prop5sity is se5 9 "y ones z soon z !y c fe$ alone4 ,,peculi> ,,qualities4--,al?\gh 9 its wild /ate ! magpie is s suspici\s t x is difficult to cat* x1 x is1 h[ev]1 m easily tam$ ?an any o!r bird2 x w let itself be t\*$ & tak5 9 ! h&1 :i* ev5 ! mo/ docile ( o!r birds w seldom suff]4 ,:5 re>$ f ! ne/ x le>ns to speak ev5 bett] ?an ! rav51 & becomes z dome/ic z ! pigeon4 ,x gets s fond ( raw meat1 bread1 & o!r refuse ( ! table1 t x does n wi% any o!r food2 ?is is ! cause ( its frequ5t+ dwell+-h\ses3 if x f9d any worms or insects x only eats !m z da9ties4 ,! "t ( tak+ magpies 9 ord] to br+ !m to ?is po9t is f\rte5 or fifte5 days aft] com+ out ( ! %ell3 ?is is ! pr9cipal ?+ to rememb] ) respect to any bird :i* is to be taught to g & come4 ,x mu/ be giv5 at fir/ bread soak$ 9 milk or wat]2 by degrees a little *opp$ meat is add$1 aft]w>ds x w eat any?+ f ! kit*51 ev5 apples & bak$ pe>s1 & any refuse4 ,z soon z ! "y birds beg9 to fly high en\gh to rise to a neighb\r+ tree !y may be let d s :5 !y h _h a good meal1 soon call+ !m back aga9 to ! place fix$ = _! habitation2 ?is practice may be repeat$ till !y h all _! fea!rs1 & c fly well1 :5 "s ( _! w+-fea!rs mu/ be cut1 till ! w9t]1 a season 9 :i* !y may be pull$ out4 ,:il/ ! fea!rs are gr[+ aga91 !y become s well accu/om$ to ! h\se & _! ma/] t !y may be let g = sev]al h\rs toge!r )\t any dang] ( _! w&]+ or n return+4 ,if !y speak !y w only be ! m agreeable4 ,old magpies1 :i* may easily be tak5 9 w9t] ) lime-twigs plac$ ne> "s bits ( meat1 c be taught to rema9 9 ! y>d by keep+ ! w+s cut till ! foll[+ autumn1 :5 !y may be let gr[2 f ?is "t !re is no fe> ( _! n com+ ) ! p\ltry1 & 9 spr+ !y w n fail to build ne> ! h\se1 & seek food = _! "y 9 ! kit*54 ,i mu/ repeat aga9 t no?+ %9+ mu/ be left 9 ! way ( ^! birds1 z !y w c>ry x (f imm$iately1 & hide x ) great c>e1 let !m h z mu* food z !y l besides4 ,i h lately receiv$ a lett] f "o ( my fri5ds1 9 :i* he expresses himself ?us3--,i h re>$ a magpie :i* comes l a cat to rub itself aga9/ me until ,i c>ess x4 ,x has le>nt ( itself to fly into ! c\ntry & return4 ,x foll[s me ev]y:]e1 ev5 = m ?an a league1 s t ,i h mu* tr\ble to rid myself ( x1 & :5 ,i d n wi% its company 9 my walks & visits ,i am oblig$ to %ut x up3 ?\gh wild ) any o!r p]son1 x m>ks 9 my eyes ! lea/ *ange 9 my temp]4 ,x w sometimes fly to a great di/ance ) o!r magpies1 )\t h[ev] connect+ itself ) !m4 ,,! ,,roll]4 ,coracias ,g>rula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,rolli] d',europe1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,m&elkrhe1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird resembles ! jay 9 size & =m1 & is twelve in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures f\r & a half2 ! beak is blacki%1 be=e & beh9d ! eyes is a blacki% triangul> spot1 =m$ by ! nak$ sk92 ! iris ( ! eye is grey2 ! :ole ( ! head1 ! neck1 ! ?roat1 ! brea/1 ! belly1 ! l>ge w+-cov]ts1 & all ! "u-cov]ts1 are ( a beautiful blui% gre52 ! tail is ( a dusky blue gre5 ne> ! base1 becom+ gradually light] t[>ds ! end4 ,! female & "y ones ( ! fir/ ye> h ! head1 neck1 brea/1 & belly ( a r$di% grey t+$ ) blui% gre52 ! back & ! la/ quill-fea!rs are ( a light greyi% br[n2 ! rump is gre51 t+$ ) indigo2 ! tail blacki% ) a t9t ( blue gre52 ! re/ l ! male4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! roll] may be f\nd 9 ,europe & ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,africa2 x only frequ5ts a few spots 9 ,g]many1 & pref]s =e/s & s&y pla9s to high m\nta9s3 else:]e x is only se5 dur+ ! "t ( its passage#ai4 ,9 ! h\se x may be let range at w aft] ! w+s are clipt4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 its pr9cipal food is insects & worms2 x also eats small frogs1 bulb\s roots1 acorns1 & gra9s ( corn4 ,,bre$+4---,! ne/1 plac$ 9 ! hole ( a tree1 is made ( small twigs1 hay1 fea!rs1 & bri/les4 ,x lays f f\r to sev5 :ite eggs1 on :i* ! male takes 8 turn to sit dur+ eighte5 or tw5ty days4 ,! "y ones d n acquire _! f9e col\rs till ! second ye>2 previ\s to ?is p]iod ! head1 neck1 & brea/ are ( a :iti% grey4 ,i _h till lately ?\ght t ?is bird 0 untamable2 b ,dr4 ,mey] ( ,(f5ba* has conv9c$ me to ! contr>y1 hav+ himself re>$ !m sev]al times1 & kept !m 9 8 room4 ,?is is 8 me?od3 ,! "y ones mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 only half gr[n1 & f$ on little bits ( c['s he>t1 or any o!r meat :i* is lean & t5d]1 till !y c eat alone2 small frogs1 worms1 & insects may !n be add$4 ,! means :i* x takes to kill & swall[ ^! insects are curi\s en\gh2 x beg9s by seiz+ & cru%+ !m ) its beak1 & !n ?r[s !m into ! air sev]al times1 9 ord] to receive !m 9 its ?roat1 :i* is v capaci\s4 ,:5 ! piece is too l>ge1 or ! insect /ill alive1 x /rikes x h>d aga9/ ! gr\nd1 & beg9s aga9 to ?r[ x 9 ! air1 till fall+ n across1 b s z to ?read ! ?roat1 x may be easily swall[$4 ,aft] hav+ be5 f$ ?us long en\gh1 a little b>ley-meal may be mix$ ) ! meat4 ,i h ev5 br\ght x to eat bread1 vegetables1 & s(t5$ oatmeal1 b x always pref]s c['s he>t4 ,i h nev] se5 x dr9k4 ,x kn[s ! p]son :o takes c>e ( x1 comes at 8 call to eat f 8 h&s1 )\t h[ev] lett+ itself be caught3 b x nev] becomes q tame1 & (t5 def5ds itself ) its beak4 ,x makes v few movem5ts unless to seek its food1 & g5]ally rema9s q /ill 9 ! same place4 ,if x ev] hops ab\t ! room x is 9 an awkw>d & cramp$ mann]1 on acc\nt ( its %ort feet2 on ! o!r h&1 x flies v well2 b x mu/ n be left completely at lib]ty 9 ! room1 or q %ut up 9 ! cage1 because x is s easily />tl$1 & 9 its fright gives itself su* viol5t bl[s on ! head z w\ld soon kill x4 ,! be/ way is to clip "o w+1 & !n let x range ! room4 ,^! birds qu>rel ) "o ano!r1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ev5+1 = _! places on ! p]*4 ,i h kept !m = "s "t 9 a l>ge avi>y ) small & great birds1 & once ) my pigeons :i* ,i kept %ut up2 g5]ally ,i h !m 9 my room1 :]e !y mix ) sev]al o!r birds3 b :e!r alone or ) companions !y appe>$ equally heal?y & active4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,!y h few o!r attractions besides _! beautiful plumage1 = _! voice is only a h>% croak+ crag1 crag1 craag#bj4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,oriole4 ,oriolus ,galbula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,loriot1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,pirol1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 ! male ( :i* is v beautiful1 is ab\t ! size ( a blackbird4 ,its l5g? is n9e in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & a half1 & ! beak "o4 ,! head1 neck1 back1 brea/1 sides1 & less] w+-cov]ts1 are ( a brilliant gold5 yell[2 ! w+s & ! tail are black1 ) yell[ gradually increas+ to ! out] fea!rs4 ,! female is n s brilliant1 ! gold5 yell[ is only visible at ! tip ( ! olive fea!rs 9 ! tail1 & 9 ! less] & "u w+-cov]ts4 ,all ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( ! gre5 col\r ( ! sisk91 ! l[] "p gre5i% :ite ) br[n /reaks1 & ! w+s grey black4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 x g5]ally frequ5ts lonely groves1 or ! skirts ( =e/s1 always keep+ among ! mo/ bu%y trees1 s t x is r>ely se5 on a nak$ bran*2 x always frequ5ts or*>ds dur+ ! "t ( *]ries4 ,x is a bird ( passage1 dep>t+ 9 families 9 ,augu/1 & n return+ till ! foll[+ ,may#ba4 ,9 ! h\se1 if x _c be let range at pleasure1 x mu/ be conf9$ 9 a l>ge wire cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 its food is insects & b]ries4 ,9 conf9em5t1 & if an old "o be caught by means ( ! owl1 l ! jays1 x mu/ be kept at fir/ 9 a quiet & retir$ place1 (f]+ x fre% *]ries1 !n add+ by degrees ants' eggs1 & :ite bread soak$ 9 milk1 or ! night+ale's food4 ,b ,i confess !re is great difficulty 9 keep+ x alive1 = ) e att5tion & ! greate/ c>e1 ,i d n "k a s+le in/ance ( "o ( ?is species hav+ be5 pres]v$ = m ?an ?ree or f\r mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ne/ ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,oriole4 ,,bre$+4--,! sc>city ( ! gold5 oriole arises f its bre$+ b once a ye>4 ,its ne/1 hung ) great art 9 ! =k ( a small bu%y bran*1 is 9 %ape l a purse1 or a basket ) two h&les4 ,! female lays f\r or five :ite eggs1 m>k$ ) a few black /reaks & spots4 ,be=e ! fir/ m\lt+1 ! "y ones are l _! "m1 & mew l cats4 ,if any "o wi%es to re> !m !y mu/ be tak5 e>ly f ! ne/2 f$ on ants' eggs1 *opp$ meat & :ite bread soak$ 9 milk1 v>y+ ^! ?+s z _! heal? requires1 & z _! excrem5ts are too frequ5t or too s(t4 ,9 %ort1 !y may be accu/om$ to ! night+ale's food4 ,i mu/ "h rem>k t a v att5tive p]son alone c hope to succe$#bb4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,i h se5 two gold5 orioles t 7 re>$ f ! ne/1 "o ( :i*1 indep5d5t ( ! natural song1 :i/l$ a m9uet1 & ! o!r imitat$ a fl\ri% ( trumpets4 ,its full & flute-l tones appe>$ to me extremely pleas+4 ,un=tunately ! f9e col\rs ( its plumage 7 t>ni%$1 :i* almo/ always happ5s1 above all if ! bird be kept 9 a room fill$ ) smoke1 ei!r f ! /ove or f tobacco4 ,"o ( my neighb\rs saw two gold5 orioles at ,b]l91 bo? ( :i* :i/l$ diff]5t airs4 ,its note ( call1 :i* 9 ! mon? ( ,june s well di/+ui%es ! gold5 oriole f o!r birds1 may be well express$ by ye1 puhlo#bc4 ,,! ,,hoopoe4 ,illu/ration ,upupa ,epops1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,huppe1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,wi$ehopf1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is twelve in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures f\r1 & ! bill1 :i* is black1 two & a half4 ,! iris is blacki% br[n4 ,! feet are black & v %ort4 ,!re is a tuft on ! head l a fan1 =m$ ( a d\ble r[ ( fea!rs1 all ( !m tipp$ ) black4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate1 ! hoopoe rema9s1 dur+ summ]1 9 woods ne> mead[s1 & pa/ure l&4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 aft] hay-h>ve/1 x goes 9 flocks into ! pla9s2 x dep>ts 9 ,septemb]1 & does n return till ! end ( ! foll[+ ,april4 ,x is m frequ5tly se5 on ! gr\nd ?an p]*+#bd4 ,9 ! h\se1 x is n kept 9 a cage1 b let range at w2 x is v *illy1 at lea/ x is s fond ( w>m? t x is con/antly on ! /ove1 & w\ld r let its beak be dri$ up ?an come away f x4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 x may be cont9ually se5 9 fields1 se>*+ = its fav\rite insects among c[ dung & ! excrem5ts ( o!r animals4 ,"s p put x into _! gran>ies to cle> !m ( weevils & spid]s2 ?is has succe$$ v well1 b to say t x also eats mice1 is c]ta9ly an error4 ,9 ! h\se1 x may be easily re>$ on meat1 & :ite bread soak$ 9 milk1 to :i* meal worms mu/ be add$ f "t to "t4 ,,bre$+4--,! hoopoe lays f two to f\r eggs2 its ne/1 plac$ 9 ! hole ( "s tree1 is a mixture ( c[ dung & small roots4 ,! "y are easily re>$ on ! fle% ( "y pigeons2 b !y _c pick x up well1 because _! tongue1 ab\t ! size ( half a bean1 & he>t-%ap$1 is too %ort to turn ! food into ! ?roat4 ,!y are oblig$ to ?r[ _! food 9 ! air1 hold+ ! beak op5 to receive x4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 :5 a field has be5 obs]v$ :i* ! bird frequ5ts mo/1 a small well-lim$ rod ( ab\t eight in*es 9 l5g? mu/ be plac$ on a mole-hill1 hav+ two or ?ree meal worms fa/5$ to x by means ( a ?read ab\t ?ree in*es long4 ,z soon z ! hoopoe sees ! worms x d>ts ^u !m1 & ?us makes ! lime twig fall ^u itself1 :i* emb>rasses x4 ,b ^! birds1 :e!r tak5 "y or old1 c v r>ely be pres]v$4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,indep5d5tly ( its beauty1 its droll actions are v amus+4 ,= in/ance1 x makes a cont9ual motion ) its head1 tapp+ ! floor ) its beak1 s t x seems z if x walks ) a /ick1 at ! same "t %ak+ its cre/1 w+s1 & tail#be4 ,i h _h sev]al ( !m 9 my h\se1 & h always be5 div]t$ by _! s+ul> grimaces4 ,:5 any "o looks at !m /eadily1 !y imm$iately beg9 _! droll tricks4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f a lett] writt5 by ,m4 von ,s*auro? on ! hoopoe1 :i* ,i ?9k x is well to ins]t "h3 ,) great c>e & att5tion1 ,i 0 able la/ summ] to re> two "y hoopoes1 tak5 f a ne/ :i* 0 plac$ at ! top ( an oak tree4 ,^! little birds foll[$ me ev]y:]e1 & :5 !y he>d me at a di/ance %[$ _! joy by a p>ticul> *irp+1 jump$ into ! air1 or z soon z ,i 0 seat$ climb$ on my clo!s1 p>ticul>ly :5 giv+ !m _! food f a pan ( milk1 ! cream ( :i* !y swall[$ gre$ily2 !y climb$ high] & high]1 till at la/ !y p]*$ on my %\ld]s1 & sometimes on my head1 c>ess+ me v affectionately3 not)/&+ ?is1 ,i _h only to speak a ^w to rid myself ( _! company1 !y w\ld !n imm$iately retire to ! /ove4 ,g5]ally !y w\ld obs]ve my eyes to discov] :at my temp] might be1 t !y might act accord+ly4 ,i f$ !m l ! night+ales1 or ) ! univ]sal pa/e1 to :i* ,i sometimes add$ insects2 !y w\ld nev] t\* e>?-worms1 b 7 v fond ( beetles & ,may-bugs1 ^! !y fir/ kill$1 & !n beat !m ) _! beak into a k9d ( oblong ball2 :5 ?is 0 done1 !y ?rew x into ! air1 t !y might cat* x & swall[ x l5g?ways2 if x fell across ! ?roat !y 7 oblig$ to beg9 aga94 ,in/ead ( ba?+1 !y roll 9 ! s&4 ,i took !m "o day into a neighb\r+ field1 t !y might cat* insects = !mselves1 & _h !n an opportunity ( rem>k+ _! innate fe> ( birds ( prey1 & _! in/9ct "u x4 ,z soon z !y p]ceiv$ a rav51 or ev5 a pigeon1 !y 7 on _! bellies 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 _! w+s /ret*$ out by ! side ( _! head1 s t ! l>ge quill fea!rs t\*$3 !y 7 ?us surr\nd$ by a sort ( cr[n1 =m$ by ! fea!rs ( ! tail & w+s1 ! head lean+ on ! back1 ) ! beak po9t+ upw>ds2 9 ?is curi\s po/ure !y might be tak5 = an old rag4 ,z soon z ! bird :i* fright5$ !m 0 gone !y jump$ up imm$iately1 utt]+ cries ( joy4 ,!y 7 v fond ( ly+ 9 ! sun2 !y %[$ _! cont5t by repeat+ 9 a quiv]+ tone1 vec1 vec1 vec2 :5 angry _! notes are h>%1 & ! male1 :i* is kn[n by its col\r be+ r$d]1 cries hoop1 hoop4 ,! female _h ! trick ( dragg+ its food ab\t ! room1 by ?is means x 0 cov]$ ) small fea!rs & o!r rubbi%1 :i* by degrees =m$ into an indige/ible ball 9 its /oma*1 ab\t ! size ( a nut1 ( :i* x di$4 ,! male liv$ ?r\gh ! w9t]2 b n quitt+ ! heat$ /ove1 its beak became s dry t ! two p>ts sep>at$1 & rema9$ m ?an an in* ap>t2 ?us x di$ mis]ably4 ,i once saw1 says ,buffon1 "o ( ^! birds :i* _h be5 tak5 9 a net1 & be+ !n old1 or at lea/ adult1 mu/ h _h natural habits3 its atta*m5t to ! p]son :o took c>e ( x 0 v /rong1 & ev5 exclusive4 ,x appe>$ to be happy only :5 alone ) h]2 if /rang]s came unexpect$ly x rais$ its cre/ ) surprise & fe>1 & hid itself on ! top ( a b$ :i* 0 9 ! room4 ,sometimes x 0 bold en\gh to come f its asylum1 b x fl$ directly to its belov$ mi/ress1 & seem$ to see no "o b h]4 ,x _h two v diff]5t tones2 "o s(t1 z if f )91 & seem$ ! v seat ( s5tim5t1 :i* x address$ to its mi/ress2 ! o!r %>p1 & m pi]c+1 :i* express$ ang] & fe>4 ,x 0 nev] kept 9 a cage by day or night1 & 0 p]mitt$ to range ! h\se at pleasure3 h[ev]1 ?\gh ! w9d[s 7 (t5 op51 x nev] %[$ ! lea/ desire to escape1 its wi% = lib]ty n be+ s /rong z its atta*m5t4 ,?is pretty bird accid5tally di$ ( hung]4 ,its mi/ress _h kept x = f\r mon?s1 fe$+ x only on bread & *eese4 ,,! ,,cuckoo4 ,illu/ration ,cuculus canorus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,c\c\1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,kukuk1 ,,be*/e94 ,al?\gh x is n l>g] ?an ! turtle-dove1 its l5g? is f\rte5 in*es1 b sev5 ( ^! are includ$ 9 ! tail1 ?ree qu>t]s ( :i* are cov]$ by ! fold$ w+s4 ,! beak1 black above1 & blui% b5ea?2 ! feet h two claws be=e & two beh9d4 ,! head1 ! top ( ! neck1 & ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body are ( a d>k a% col\r1 *ang+ l ! ?roat ( ! pigeon on ! back & w+-cov]ts4 ,9 ! female1 :i* is small]1 ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a d>k br[n1 ) dirty br[n spots1 :i* are sc>cely visible4 ,! "u "p ( ! neck is a mixture ( a% grey & yell[1 cross$ ) d>k /reaks4 ,! belly is ( a dirty :ite1 ) d>k transv]se l9es4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 x is a bird ( passage1 :i* arrives 9 ,april & dep>ts 9 ,septemb]1 & ev5 mu* soon]1 accord+ to an ,engli% obs]v]4 ,9 ! h\se1 x may be let run ab\t1 or conf9$ 9 a l>ge wood5 cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 x eats all sorts ( insects1 p>ticul>ly cat]pill>s on trees4 ,:5 conf9$1 x is f$ ) meat1 insects1 & ! univ]sal pa/e made ( :eat-meal4 ,,bre$+ ,,& ,,peculi>ities4--,e "o kn[s t ! female cuckoo nev] sits ^u h] eggs1 b intru/s t c>e to o!r birds1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* fe$ on insects1 lay+ "o or two eggs 9 _! ne/4 ,9 ord] to tame a cuckoo1 x mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/3 ,i nev] tri$ myself1 b sev]al ( my fri5ds h4 ,z ?is is a curi\s bird1 & mo/ bird-fanci]s l to h x 9 _! room or avi>y1 ,i %all "h ins]t "s obs]vations on ?is subject1 by ,m4 von ,s*auro?1 :o 0 be=e quot$4 ,! cuckoo possesses h>dly any qualities :i* w\ld r5d] x fit to be a h\se bird3 if old1 x is too ob/9ate & voraci\s1 g5]ally x is furi\s1 sull51 & melan*oly4 ,i h re>$ sev]al2 ! la/ 0 tak5 f ! ne/ ( a yell[hamm]3 its eyes 7 n op5$ :5 ,i took x1 yet x d>t$ at me ) fury4 ,be=e ,i _h _h x six days x w\ld swall[ 9 a passion ev]y?+ t came ne> x4 ,i f$ x on bird's fle%1 & 0 oblig$ to cont9ue ?is food = a long "t be=e x c\ld fe$ itself4 ,its motions 7 s quick 9 jump+ or mov+ t x w\ld ov]?r[ any cups ( food :i* happ5$ to be 9 its way4 ,its tail grew v sl[ly4 ,x 0 nev] entirely tam$2 x w\ld d>t at my h&s & face1 attack$ e ?+ :i* came too ne> x1 & ev5 ! o!r birds4 ,x ate ! p\ltry pa/e 9 great quantities1 & dis*>g$ 9 proportion1 :i* made x v dirty2 ,i h ev5 se5 x1 l ! o/ri*1 eat its own excrem5ts4 ,its %ort & climb+ feet are s awkw>d t x _c walk2 x makes two or ?ree jumps1 b flies v well4 ,?\gh cunn+ & solit>y1 says ,buffon1 ! cuckoos may be giv5 "s sort ( education4 ,sev]al p]sons ( my acqua9tance h re>$ & tam$ !m4 ,!y fe$ !m on m9c$ meat1 ei!r dress$ or raw1 insects1 eggs1 soak$ bread1 & fruit4 ,"o ( ^! tam$ cuckoos knew its ma/]1 came at 8 call1 foll[$ him to ! *ase1 p]*$ on 8 gun1 & if x f\nd a *]ry tree 9 its way x w\ld fly to x1 & n return till x _h eat5 pl5tifully2 sometimes x w\ld n return to its ma/] = ! :ole day1 b foll[$ him at a di/ance1 fly+ f tree to tree4 ,9 ! h\se x might range at w1 & pass$ ! night on ! roo/4 ,! excrem5t ( ?is bird is :ite1 & 9 great quantities2 ?is is "o ( ! disagreeables 9 re>+ x4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep x f ! cold f autumn till w9t]2 ?is is ! critical p]iod = ^! birds1 at lea/ x 0 at ?is "t t ,i lo/ all :i* ,i _h tri$ to re>1 besides _m o!r birds ( a diff]5t species4 ,,! ,,m9or ,,grakle4 ,graccula religiosa1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,m9o ou ,ma9ate1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,m9o od] ,plaud]]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( a blackbird1 t5 in*es & a half long1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree1 & ! beak "o & a half4 ,! fea!rs on ! side ( ! head are %ort1 l velvet1 b on ! top1 desc5d+ t[>ds ! back ( ! head1 !y are ! g5]al l5g?2 on bo? sides ( ! head !re is nak$ sk91 :i* beg9s "u ! eyes1 & ext5ds to ! back ( ! head1 b )\t unit+2 its bread? is unev51 ne> ! eyes x is wide & yell[1 b :5 ! bird is pleas$ or is angry ?is col\r v>ies4 ,black is ! pr$om9ant col\r ( ! body1 ) "s t9ts ( purple1 violet1 or gre51 accord+ to ! diff]5t light x is 92 ! fea!rs ( ! tail h a :ite /reak4 ,,obs]vations4--,! m9or grakle is f\nd 9 bo? ! ,indies1 9 ,jamaica1 z well z 9 ! isl&s beyond ! ,ganges1 z f> z ,java4 ,_! food is vegetable3 ^? :i* are br\ght to ,europe will+ly eat *]ries & rais9s2 if ^! be %[n !m )\t be+ giv5 directly !y beg9 to cry & weep l a *ild4 ,!y become exce$+ly tame & confid+2 !y :i/le exce$+ly well1 & *att] bett] ?an any p>rot4 ,! ,*9ese ladies are v fond ( !m2 !y are sold v de> 9 ,java4 ,9 ! inl& p>ts ( ,g]many no?+ is s r>e z "o ( ^! birds4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,maccaw4 ,,l>ge ,,beak$ ,,birds4 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ?is gr\p are1 a beak l>ge1 b v>y+ 9 size1 v holl[1 light1 rais$ above1 & hook$ be=e2 9 ! species imm$iately foll[+1 ! legs are %ort1 /rong1 & ! feet =m$ = climb+2 !y are furni%$ ) a tongue1 ?ick1 fle%y1 & r\nd$ l ! human tongue1 :i* r5d]s articulation easy to !m4 ,all ^! birds are =eign1 & ought to be re>$ f ! ne/ :5 int5d$ = speak+4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,& ,,blue ,,maccaw4 ,psittacus ,macao1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ara ,r\ge1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro! ,aras1 ,,be*/e94 ,! beauty ( _! plumage1 & ! facility ) :i* !y repeat words1 are ! two pr9cipal reasons = ! introduction ( p>rots into p>l\rs4 ,"s imitate ! songs ( o!r birds & w>ble v sweetly4 ,we h obs]v$1 t 9 ord] to speak di/9ctly ! tongue mu/ be ?ick1 r\nd$1 & ! muscle loose en\gh to p]mit ! requisite motion2 h5ce x happ5s t p>rots1 above all ^? ) a %ort tail1 pron\nce s v di/9ctly4 ,! rav5s1 jack-daws1 & jays come next to !m2 b ! />l+s & blackbirds surpass !m 9 ! =mation ( ! l>ynx4 ,! r$ & blue maccaw is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ! p>rot tribe1 be+ two feet eight in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! h>de/ /ones ( ! pea* _c resi/ ! /r5g? ( its beak1 ! upp] m&ible ( :i* is v mu* hook$4 ,! claws are direct$ =w>d1 & two backw>d4 ,! nak$ *eeks are cov]$ ) a wr9kl$ :iti% sk94 ,! head1 neck1 brea/1 belly1 ?ighs1 top ( ! back1 & ! upp] w+-cov]ts are ( ! f9e/ v]milion4 ,! l[] "p ( ! back & ! rump are light blue4 ,! scapul>s & l>ge w+-cov]ts are a mixture ( blue1 yell[1 & gre54 ,! col\rs sometimes v>y1 especially 9 ! w+s & tail1 b ! species w n be ! less easily kn[n on t acc\nt4 ,! female v mu* resembles ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x inhabits ,s\? ,am]ica1 & may be f\nd 9 ,brazil & ,guiana1 9 damp woods1 & always 9 pairs4 ,9 ! h\se x may be let range at w1 giv+ x a roo/ ) sev]al r+s plac$ across4 ,l its fell[s1 x may be kept 9 a v l>ge /rong wire cage1 high & wide en\gh to let x move ) ease1 & pres]ve its h&some tail 9 all its beauty4 ,,food4--,9 its native c\ntry ! fruit ( ! palm tree is its pr9cipal food2 our fruit x also likes1 b :ite bread soak$ 9 milk agrees ) x bett]2 biscuit does n hurt x2 b meat1 sweetmeats1 & o!r niceties are v injuri\s2 & ?\gh at fir/ x does n appe> to be injur$1 x becomes unheal?y1 its fea!rs /& up sep>ate1 x pecks & te>s !m1 above all ^? on ! fir/ jo9t ( ! p9ion1 & x ev5 makes holes 9 diff]5t p>ts ( its body4 ,x dr9ks little--?is is p]haps occasion$ by its eat+ no?+ dry4 ,_m bird-fanci]s say t ! be/ food = p>rots is simply ! crumbs ( :ite bread1 well bak$1 )\t salt1 soak$ 9 wat]1 & !n slightly squeez$ 9 ! h&4 ,b ?\gh ?is appe>s to agree ) !m pretty well1 x is h[ev] c]ta9 t n[ & !n some?+ else ought to be add$4 ,i h obs]v$1 inde$1 t p>rots :i* are ?us f$ are v ?91 h h>dly /r5g? to be> m\lt+1 & sometimes ev5 d n m\lt at all2 9 t case !y become a/hmatic1 & die ( consumption4 ,x is cle> t fe$+ !m only on ?is food1 :i* has v little if any moi/ure 9 x1 is n suffici5t to n\ri% !m prop]ly1 at lea/ dur+ ! m\lt+ season1 & :ile ! fea!rs are gr[+ aga94 ,i nev] saw a p>rot 9 bett] heal? ?an "o :i* belong$ to a lady1 :o f$ x on :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk1 hav+ m milk ?an ! bread w\ld absorb1 :i* ! p>rot drank ) app>5t pleasure2 !re 0 also put into ! draw] ( its cage "s sea biscuit1 or :ite bread soak$ 9 boil+ wat]2 x 0 also giv5 fruit :5 9 season4 ,x is necess>y to be v c>eful t ! milk is n s\r4 ,"s "y maccaws are f$ on hemp-se$1 :i* mu/ always be ( ! ye> be=e1 z ! new w\ld be too w>m & dang]\s4 ,yet !y mu/ n be f$ entirely on ?is food1 b !re mu/ be add$ :ite bread soak$ 9 milk or wat]1 z has already be5 m5tion$1 "s fruit & nuts1 b nev] bitt] almonds1 z !y w infallibly kill all "y animals4 ,9 all cases ! excrem5ts ( ! bird w indicate ! /ate ( its heal?1 & :e!r ! food ought to be *ang$ or n4 ,al?\gh maccaws r>ely want to dr9k1 z _! food is v moi/1 yet !y mu/ n be left )\t wat]1 :i* is g5]ally plac$ 9 "o ( ! divisions ( _! t9 draw]4 ,x is also a good ?+ to entice !m to ba!1 no?+ is m fav\rable to _! heal?1 or bett] facilitates ! pa9ful op]ation ( m\lt+1 or keeps _! fea!rs 9 bett] ord]4 ,a little att5tion to ^! fav\rites1 depriv$ ( _! lib]ty1 _! natural climate1 & food1 _c be too mu* tr\ble to amiable p]sons :o are fond ( !m1 & to :om ^! pretty birds become greatly atta*$4 ,,bre$+4--,! r$ & blue maccaws build _! ne/s 9 ! holes ( old decay$ trees2 !y enl>ge & make ! hole ev5 ) _! beak1 & l9e x ) fea!rs4 ,! female1 l t ( ! o!r ,am]ican p>rots1 bre$s twice 9 ! ye>1 lay+ two eggs ea* "t1 :i* are exactly l ^? ( ! p>tridge4 ,9 ,europe ! females also lay well1 b ! eggs are g5]ally unfruitful2 :5 !y are n s x is v difficult to make ! "m sit2 !re are1 h[ev]1 a few examples ( ! female maccaw be+ s well incl9$ to p]=m ?is (fice1 t %e w sit on pigeons' & h5s' eggs1 :i* are hat*$ 9 due "t4 ,! maccaws :i* we h 9 ?is c\ntry h g5]ally be5 re>$ f ! ne/1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* speak1 = ! old ones w\ld be too savage & untractable1 & w\ld only /un "o ) _! unbe>able cries1 ! fai?ful int]pret]s ( _! diff]5t passions4 ,,diseases4--,among/ ^? to :i* maccaws are p>ticul>ly subject1 decl9es are ! mo/ frequ5t4 ,"s cures = ?is are m5tion$ 9 ! ,introduction1 :i* x w\ld be well to employ4 ,dur+ ! m\lt+ season att5tion mu/ be r$\bl$1 n only to keep !m 9 heal? b to pres]ve _! beautiful plumage4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,z maccaws are v de> !y are g5]ally only f\nd 9 ! possession ( ri* bird-fanci]s4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ,g]many "o co/s f fifty to a hundr$ rix doll>s1 & 9 ! m>itime cities ?irty or =ty4 ,_! beautiful plumage =ms _! pr9cipal attraction4 ,!y also le>n to repeat _m words1 to g & come1 & also to obey ! lea/ signal f _! ma/]4 ,i confess1 h[ev]1 t _! awkw>d walk1 _! heavy movem5ts1 & _! con/ant incl9ation to help !mselves along ) _! beak1 add$ to _! great uncleanl9ess1 does n appe> v agreeable4 ,!y are sometimes v wick$1 tak+ dislike to "s p1 & may d great injury to *ildr5 if left alone ) !m4 ,ow+ to _! dung be+ v liquid1 abundant1 & foetid1 !y mu/ be clean$ regul>ly e day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,avi>y ,,= ,,draw+ ,,room4 ,,! ,,blue ,,& ,,yell[ ,,maccaw4 ,psittacus ,ar>auna1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ara ,bleu2 ,d] ,blaue ,aras1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 :i* is ab\t ! size ( ! =m]1 appe>s to me mu* m beautiful1 ?\gh ! col\rs ( its plumage are n s /rik+4 ,its beak is black1 ! feet d>k grey2 ! *eeks fle%-col\r$1 /reak$ 9 ! =m ( an ,s1 ) l9es ( %ort black fea!rs4 ,! iris is light yell[2 ! ?roat ornam5t$ ) a black coll>2 ! =ehead1 to ! top ( ! head1 ! sides1 & small w+-cov]ts are ( a d>k gre52 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a f9e blue2 all ! col\rs are apt to v>y4 ,,habitation4--,be+1 l ! prec$+ "o1 a native ( ,sur9am1 ,guiana1 & ,brazil1 its way ( liv+ & qualities are mu* ! same4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 le>n to speak s easily1 & _c pron\nce ! ^w maccaw s di/9ctly2 b x imitates p]fectly ! bleat+ ( %eep1 ! mew+ ( cats1 & ! b>k+ ( dogs4 ,its cu/om ( only dr9k+ 9 ! ev5+ seems extraord9>y4 ,,! ,,ill9ois ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus p]t9ax1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e ,ill9oise2 ,d] ,ill9esis*e ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is a species :i* almo/ all bird-sell]s h4 ,its l5g? is n9e in*es & a half4 ,! beak is light grey1 ! eyes surr\nd$ ) a nak$ greyi% sk91 ! iris is deep orange4 ,! feet are d>k grey4 ,! pr9cipal col\r on ! top ( ! body is gre51 t "u is yell[i% grey4 ,! =ehead1 *eeks1 & ?roat are ( a brilliant orange2 ! top ( ! head is d>k gre52 ?is col\r is light] & yell[i% on ! back ( ! head2 ! top ( ! neck is gre5i% grey2 !re are "s orange spots on ! belly4 ,9 ! female1 ! =ehead only is deep yell[1 & !re is no o!r mixture ( yell[ ei!r on ! head or belly4 ,,habitation4--,?is p>rot is also a native ( ! hotte/ p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 frequ5t+ savannas1 or any o!r op5 places1 & build+ its ne/ ev5 9 ! holes ( ! ,t]mites 7,t]mes fatalis1 ,,l9n,,u47 ,^! birds are s sociable t !y may be se5 9 flocks ( five or six hundr$4 ,9 ! h\se1 !y mu/ always be kept 9 pairs1 & g5]ally 9 cages4 ,!y %[ ! t5d]ness ( _! atta*m5t to ea* o!r by _! cont9ual c>esses2 ?is is 9 fact s great1 t if "o die ! o!r soon langui%es f grief4 ,,food4--,:5 ^! birds g =? to /eal *e/nuts1 acorns1 peas1 & simil> fruits1 :i* =m _! food1 !y always place a s5t9el to w>n !m ( ! approa* ( an enemy3 at ! lea/ al>m1 !y fly away1 utt]+ l\d cries4 ,:5 conf9$1 !y are f$ ) nuts1 & bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,_! h&some plumage1 _! affectionate & confid+ ways1 & ! t5d]ness ( atta*m5t :i* ^! pretty birds h = ea* o!r1 make !m great fav\rites2 b !y le>n sc>cely any ?+1 & _! cont9ual cries are sometimes v annoy+4 ,,! ,,long-,,tail$ ,,gre5 ,,p>rakeet4 ,psittacus rufiro/ris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,s9cialo1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro?s*nblige ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is twelve in*es & a half1 b ! tail alone measures sev5 in*es & a half4 ,?is bird is n l>g] ?an a blackbird2 ! fold$ w+s only cov] "o qu>t] ( ! tail1 ! c5tre fea!rs ( :i* are ne>ly five in*es long] ?an ! ext]ior ones4 ,! upp] m&ible ( ! beak is ( a blood r$1 ) ! po9t black2 ! "u "o is entirely black4 ,! circle ( ! eyes1 ! nak$ membrane ( ! beak1 & ! feet1 are fle%-col\r$2 ! irides are orange4 ,! re/ ( ! body is yell[i% gre51 ) ! w+s bord]$ ) light yell[4 ,!re are v>ieties ( diff]5t %ades ( gre51 ! tail fea!rs ( :i* are blue at ! extremity4 ,?is species inhabits ! hotte/ "p ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,its cry is noisy & frequ5t2 x soon le>ns to speak1 :i/le1 & imitate ! s\nds ( mo/ animals z well z birds4 ,9 ! cage1 :]e x _c h mu* o!r ex]cise1 x *att]s & squalls s incessantly1 t x is (t5 v disagreeable4 ,x mu/ be treat$ l ! prec$+ species1 b does n appe> s delicate4 ,,! ,,blue-,,head$ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus cyanocephalus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e tte bleu1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,blaukpfige ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is beautiful species is n m sc>ce ?an ! prec$+1 & is ab\t ! size ( a turtle dove1 al?\gh its l5g? is elev5 in*es & a half1 six ( :i* be+ includ$ 9 ! tail1 half ( ?is is cov]$ by ! fold$ w+s4 ,! nak$ sk9 r\nd ! eyes is yell[2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is gre51 ! "u "p yell[i%4 ,! =ehead has "s t9ts ( r$2 ! head is blue2 ! ?roat violet1 ) a grey t9t4 ,?is p>rot comes f ,india1 & is only priz$ = its beauty1 = x _c le>n to speak4 ,x mu/ be treat$ l ! prec$+ species4 ,,! ,,yell[ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus sol/itialis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e jaune1 ,,buffon2 ,d] gelbe ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,! :ole l5g? ( ?is bird is elev5 in*es & a half4 ,! tail is w$ge-%ap$1 & ! fold$ w+s cov] "o-?ird ( x4 ,! beak & feet are gre54 ,! ?roat1 ! nak$ membranes ( ! beak1 & ! circle ( ! eyes1 are light grey2 ! iris is yell[4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ! body is orange1 ) olive spots on ! back & w+ cov]ts4 ,?is p>rot comes f ,angola1 & easily le>ns to speak4 ,! food & treatm5t mu/ be ! same z ! prec$+4 ,,! ,,ambo9a ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus ,ambo95sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,lory ,p]ru*e tricolor1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,ambo9is*e ,sitti*-,lory1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species some:at resembles ! ,c]am lory1 a v>iety ( ,le ,lori ,noir ( ,buffon 7,psittacus g>rulus auror1 ,,l9n,,u72 ow+ to ?is resemblance ! ,fr5* also call x l',aurore4 ,its l5g? is sixte5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail1 :i* is r\nd1 measures half4 ,! beak is n9e l9es 9 l5g?2 !re is no nak$ membrane1 & ! no/rils are 9 front2 ! iris is ( a gold5 hue4 ,! head1 ! nape ( ! neck1 & all ! l[] "p ( ! body1 are ! col\r ( v]milion4 ,a r+ ( sky blue1 v indi/9ct1 surr\nds ! neck2 all ! fea!rs on ! top ( ! body are ( a beautiful gre51 ) a f9e edge ( blue1 or "s d>k col\r4 ,9 ! female1 ! head is gre52 ! ?roat1 ! "u "p ( ! neck1 & ! brea/1 are ! same1 b hav+ a r$di% t9t4 ,! small tail-cov]ts are d>k gre51 edg$ ) r$2 ! tail itself is t+$ ) gre54 ,! beak is horn br[n1 ) a r$di% t9t above & bel[4 ,,obs]vations4--,a pair ( ?is beautiful species 7 sold to 8 ,highness ! ,duke ( ,me9+5 z com+ f ,botany ,bay1 b !y are really natives ( ,ambo9a4 ,timid & wild1 ?is bird has a %>p :i/le & a cry l gaick1 b _c speak4 ,! fea!rs are s loose t !y g5]ally come (f 9 ! h& :5 t\*$2 b !y gr[ aga9 v quickly4 ,x is kept & treat$ l ! o!rs4 ,,! ,,purple ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus ,p5nanti1 ,,la?am2 ,la ,purpure2 ,d] ,p5nants*e ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,9 ! male1 :i* v mu* resembles ! sp>r[-hawk1 ! prevail+ col\r is a r$di% purple1 f :i* x d]ives its "n among bird-sell]s4 ,! head & rump are d>k crimson2 ! ?roat1 z well z ! small out] w+-cov]ts1 & ! c5tre p5-fea!rs1 are ( a mo/ beautiful sky blue2 all ! "u "p ( ! body is bright crimson1 %ad+ to blui% on ! ?ighs4 ,! tail is ( a deep blue4 ,9 ! female1 :i* ! bird-sell]s pass z a diff]5t species1 "u ! "n ( ! ,palm-tree ,p>rot1 ! prevail+ col\r is gre5i% yell[2 x resembles ! male sp>r[-hawk 9 make4 ,! head1 ! sides ( ! neck1 & half ! brea/1 are ( a bright crimson2 ! ?roat pe>l blue1 %ad+ a little to sky blue on ! edges2 ! top ( ! neck1 ! back1 %\ld]s1 & la/ quill-fea!rs1 are ( a velvet black4 ,all ! fea!rs are edg$ ) gre5i% yell[1 except ! scapul>s & ! fea!rs ( ! neck1 ! edges ( :i* are ! col\r ( sulphur4 ,! rump & "p r\nd ! v5t are ( p>rot gre51 ! long l[] cov]ts ( ! tail crimson1 edg$ ) gre5i% yell[2 ! knee b&s h a %ade ( sky blue4 ,! "u "p ( ! body is ( a brilliant yell[1 ) "s irregul> r$ da%es & spots1 :i* %[ its relation to ! =m] bird4 ,! base ( ! tail is gre51 l ! neck ( ! wat]-duck2 ! re/ ( ! w+s & tail are l ! male4 ,,obs]vations4--,i h se5 sev]al ( ?is sup]b species1 :i* belong$ to 8 ,highness ! ,duke ( ,me9+54 ,x is a great pity t !y are s wild1 timid1 & difficult to tea*4 ,_! note is a k9d ( *irp+1 :i* is r>ely he>d4 ,_! fea!rs are z loose z ! prec$+ species4 ,!y come f ,botany ,bay1 & are v de>4 ,be+ m delicate1 !y require m att5tion ?an ! o!r p>roquets4 ,,! ,,:isk]$ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus bimaculatus1 ,,sp>rmann2 ,p]ru*e ,m\/a*e2 ,d] ,zweyfleckige1 ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is v beautiful p>rot is f\rte5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures m ?an half2 its size is t ( ! turtle-dove1 b v sl5d]4 ,! beak is l>ge1 orange-col\r$1 or pale blood r$2 ! head ( a f9e a% col\r1 t9t$ ) gre5 on ! top1 & hav+ a n>r[ black b& on ! =ehead2 ! "p ne> ! eyes is nak$1 & pale fle%-col\r$2 ! =ehead light yell[2 an almo/ triangul> spot ext5ds f ! base ( ! beak across ! *eeks to ! ?roat2 all ! top ( ! body is mead[ gre51 spott$ ) black4 ,! "u "p ( ! body is ( a deep rose col\r4 ,!re is a v>iety ( ?is species ) a black beak4 ,9 ! female1 or :at is suppos$ to be s1 ! =ehead1 ! ?roat1 ! sides ( ! head & neck are pale orange col\r2 an oval black /reak desc5ds f ! corn]s ( ! beak t[>ds ! ?roat2 ! nape1 ! top ( ! neck1 ! %\ld]s1 back1 rump1 & upp] "p ( ! tail1 are mead[ gre54 ,! brea/ & belly1 to ! extremity1 are ( a f9e gre54 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird is v docile1 amiable1 & talkative4 ,its mildness is v pleas+1 & x is extremely affectionate & c>ess+4 ,its cry is gaie1 gaie1 gaie4 ,x comes f ! ,isl&s ( ! ,s\!rn ,ocean & ,botany ,bay4 ,,! ,,c>d9al ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus ery?rocephalus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e c>d9ale2 ,d] ,c>d9al ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is twelve in*es1 ( :i* ! tail1 :i* is v w$ge-%ap$1 measures six & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! beak is pea* blossom1 & ! nak$ membrane a% col\r$1 ! iris orange1 & ! feet grey4 ,all ! head is violet1 t9t$ ) blue & r$2 a black b& surr\nds ! neck2 ! ?roat is black1 ! upp] "p ( ! body d>k gre51 ! "u "p light gre54 ,9 ! female1 ! beak is yell[2 ! head ( a d>k blue a%-col\r1 )\t ! r+ r\nd ! neck2 b ! place ( x is m>k$ by a slight yell[ t9t4 ,! "y ones also h no r+1 & ! col\r ( ! head is n m>k$2 x v>ies f rose r$ to gre54 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,! ,,c>d9al ,,p>rot4 #a4 ,! ,blossom-head$ ,p>rakeet1 ,,la?am2 ,psittacus ery?rocephalus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,p]ru*e tte r\ge de ,g+i1 ,buffon2 ,d] ,ro?kpfige ,sitti* aus ,g+i1 ,,be*/e94 ,! head is r$1 hav+ on ! back a mixture ( light blue4 ,a n>r[ black l9e passes f ! *9 to ! nape ( ! neck2 ano!r l9e1 ( light gre51 bel[ ! =m]1 =ms ) x a r+ r\nd ! neck4 ,! re/ ( ! plumage is gre51 b ! "u "p ( ! body has a t9t ( light yell[4 ,! tail is gre5 above1 hav+ ! inn] bord] light yell[4 #b4 ,! ,rose-head$ ,r+ ,p>rakeet1 ,,la?am2 ,psittacus ery?rocephalus ,b5gal5sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,petite ,p]ru*e tte c\leur de rose longs br9s1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,ro?kpfige ,sitti* aus ,b5gal51 ,,be*/e94 ,! upp] m&ible is light yell[1 ! l[] black1 ! membrane br[ni%4 ,! top ( ! head & *eeks are rose col\r$1 ! back ( ! head blue1 ! ?roat & r+ l ! prec$+ v>iety1 z well z ! r$ spot on ! w+-cov]ts2 ! two c5tre fea!rs ( ! tail are blue1 ! o!rs gre51 edg$ ) blue4 #c4 ,! ,borneo ,p>rakeet2 ,psittacus ery?rocephalus ,borneus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,p]ru*e tte r\ge de p*] de ,borneo2 ,d] ,ro?kpfige ,sitti* aus ,borneo1 ,,be*/e94 ,! upp] m&ible is r$1 ! "u black1 ! membrane a%-col\r$1 ! iris ! same2 ! :ole head is pea*-blossom1 ) a gre5 t9t on ! =ehead2 !re is a black l9e betwe5 ! eyes1 ne> ! membrane ( ! beak2 ano!r ext5ds f ! l[] m&ible obliquely on ea* side ( ! neck1 wid5+ on ! back4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body to ! tail is light gre51 %ad+ to light yell[ t[>ds ! middle ( ! w+-cov]ts2 all ! "u "p f ! *9 is pea* blossom1 t+$ ) *e/nut col\r2 ! fea!rs ( ! ?ighs1 ! tail-cov]ts1 & ! middle ( ! belly1 are gre52 ! fea!rs ( ! tail are ! same1 b ! c5tre ones are r br[n1 & all are spott$ ) :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is p>rakeet1 s easily di/+ui%$ by its plumage1 is lively1 fe>ful1 & its cry is frequ5t4 ,x le>ns no?+ ( itself1 & x is ) great difficulty t x c be made to repeat a few words4 ,i h se5 x1 ) ! prec$+ & foll[+ species1 among ! beautiful collection ( birds belong+ to 8 ,highness ! ,duke ( ,me9+54 ,,! ,,r$-,,head$ ,,gu9ea ,,p>rakeet4 ,psittacus ,manill5sis1 ,,be*/e92 ,p]ru*e colli] c\leur de rose1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,manilis*e ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is beautiful species1 ^: col\rs are s(t & ! fea!rs ?ick & silky1 is h>dly l>g] ?an ! ?ru%1 ?\gh its l5g? is f f\rte5 to fifte5 in*es1 two-?irds ( :i* are includ$ 9 ! tail4 ,! nak$ membrane is fle%-col\r$1 ! eyelids v r$4 ,! plumage is1 9 g5]al1 light gre54 ,f ! black ?roat !re ext5ds a r+ r\nd ! neck1 :i* is black at fir/1 & aft]w>ds pale rose col\r2 ! back ( ! neck 9 old birds has a blue t9t4 ,9 ! female ! black ( ! ?roat is n s wide1 !re is no rose-col\r$ r+1 & ! "u "p ( ! body m ne>ly approa*es yell[4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species1 :i* is v mild1 tame1 & beautiful1 is a native ( ! ,philipp9es1 p>ticul>ly ,manilla2 "s say t x is also v common 9 ,africa4 ,x is v pleas+1 c]ta9ly1 b r>ely le>ns to speak1 & !n only a few words4 ,x mu/ be treat$ l o!r delicate species4 ,,! ,,pav\an ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus ,guian5sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e ,pav\ane1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,guianis*e ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is only twelve in*es 9 l5g?1 includ+ ! tail1 :i* measures six & a qu>t]1 & has ! two c5tre fea!rs ?ree in*es long] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is d>k gre51 ! "u light]4 ,! *eeks are n spott$ ) bright r$ till ! ?ird ye>4 ,,obs]vations4--,x is a native ( ,guiana1 ,cay5ne1 & ! ,c>ibbee ,isl&s4 ,bird-sell]s 9 ,g]many are g5]ally provid$ ) !m1 z !y are n delicate or difficult to c>ry ab\t4 ,!y mu/ be treat$ l ! =m] species4 ,?is1 says ,buffon1 is1 ( all p>rots f ! new cont95t1 ! mo/ easily taught to speak2 nev]!less x is only tractable 9 ?is p>ticul>1 = ev5 aft] a long captivity x /ill pres]ves a native wildness & f]ocity1 & is sometimes /ubborn & ill-hum\r$4 ,b z x has a lively eye1 is neatly & well =m$1 x is admir$ = its %ape4 ,,! ,,rose-,,r+$ ,,p>rakeet4 ,psittacus pull>ius1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e tte r\ge1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,ro?kpfige ,gu9eis*e ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,bird-sell]s give ! "n ( ,gu9ea-sp>r[ to ?is little p>rakeet1 :i* is n l>g] ?an ! common crossbill4 ,! beak is r$1 b pale at ! tip1 ! membrane at ! base a% col\r1 z well z ! circle r\nd ! eyes4 ,! feet are grey1 ! iris blui%2 ! front "p ( ! head & ?roat are r$2 ! edge ( ! w+s & rump blue4 ,! upp] side ( ! tail fea!rs is r$1 ! "u has a black /reak1 ! tip is gre52 ! two c5tre fea!rs are entirely gre51 l ! re/ ( ! body4 ,9 ! female1 ! col\rs are ! same1 ?\gh light]1 & ! l[] "p ( ! w+ is yell[4 ,^! birds may be f\nd 9 any "p ( ! torrid zone 9 ! old _w1 f ,gu9ea to ,india4 ,z mo/ ( !m di$ on ! voyage1 !re 7 =m]ly v few ( !m 9 ,europe1 b z ! means ( pres]v+ !m is n[ bett] kn[n1 mo/ bird-sell]s h !m4 ,?\gh !y _c le>n to speak1 & _! cry is r disagreeable1 yet "o _c help admir+ !m z mu* = _! beauty z _! great mildness4 ,!y are s mu* atta*$ to ea* o!r t !y mu/ always be _h 9 pairs1 & if "o dies ! o!r r>ely survives x4 ,"s p ?9k t a mirror hung 9 ! cage1 9 :i* ! survivor may imag9e t x /ill sees its lo/ companion1 w console x4 ,! male rema9s affectionately ne> ! female1 fe$s h]1 & gives h] ! mo/ t5d] c>esses2 %e1 9 h] turn1 %[s ! greate/ uneas9ess if %e be sep>at$ f him = an in/ant4 ,9 ! c\ntries :i* ?is species inhabits1 x makes great havoc among ! corn4 ,9 ,europe x is f$ on can>y se$1 millet1 & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,! ,,c>ol9a ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus ,c>ol95sis1 ,,l9n,,u#bf2 ,la ,p]ru*e tte jaune1 ,,buffon1 pl4 enl4 #dii2 ,d] ,c>ol9is*e ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ab\t ! size ( a turtle-dove2 its l5g? is ?irte5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures at lea/ half4 ,! beak is z :ite z ivory1 ! membrane & nak$ circle ( ! eyes1 z well z ! feet & claws1 greyi% :ite2 ! front ( ! head ( a beautiful orange1 ! back1 ! nape ( ! neck1 & ! ?roat1 light yell[2 ! re/ ( ! neck1 ! back1 brea/1 belly1 & sides1 are gre52 ! tail is gre51 & v w$ge-%ap$4 ,,obs]vations4--,a native ( ,guiana2 ?is pretty p>rot also bre$s 9 ,c>ol9a1 & sometimes ev5 p5etrates into ,virg9ia 9 l>ge flocks dur+ ! fruit season1 mak+ great ravages among ! nuts1 ( :i* x only eats almonds1 reject+ all o!rs4 ,x is frequ5tly br\ght to ,europe2 & 9 ,p>is x is ! species ( p>rot :i* co/s ! mo/4 ,x is f$1 says ,buffon1 on hemp se$2 b x is bett] to add :ite bread soak$ 9 wat]1 or boil$ milk :i* is n s\r1 :eat1 ,indian corn1 & ! l4 ,its cry is frequ5t2 x is r wick$1 & does n speak2 b x well makes up = ?is by its beauty1 ! elegance ( its =m1 its graceful movem5ts1 & its /rong & almo/ exclusive atta*m5t to its mi/ress2 x likes to hang by ! beak1 ev5 :ile sleep+1 & w let itself be c>ri$ ?us e :]e )\t mov+ = a v long "t4 ,,! ,,little ,,blue ,,& ,,gre5 ,,p>rakeet4 ,psittacus pass]9us1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e pass]9e t1 ou ,t\i t1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,sp]l+sp>kit1 ,,be*/e94 ,its size v little exce$s t ( ! sp>r[4 ,a beautiful light gre5 is ! pr$om9ant col\r ( its plumage2 b ! rump is blue1 ! l>ge w+-cov]ts are ! same2 ! small ones1 aga91 are gre54 ,! beak1 ! membrane at ! base1 ! circle ( ! eyes1 & ! feet1 are (t5 orange2 x sometimes v>ies1 h[ev]1 to yell[1 a% col\r1 & fle% col\r4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species is z social & affectionate z ! prec$+1 b mu* m r>e & de>4 ,x is a native ( ,brazil1 & _c speak4 ,x mu/ be f$ on can>y se$1 millet1 & hemp4 ,,! ,,grey-,,brea/$ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus mur9us1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e poitr9e grise1 ,,buffon2 ,d] grnbru/ige ,sitti*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is pretty p>rot1 di/+ui%$ by its silv]y grey col\r1 is ab\t ! size ( a turtle-dove4 ,its ruffl+ ! fea!rs ( its head1 p>ticul>ly on ! *eeks1 add$ to ! smallness & peculi> way 9 :i* x holds its bill1 :i* is always buri$ 9 its brea/1 gives x some:at ! appe>ance ( a small scree* owl4 ,its l5g? is t5 in*es1 ( :i* ! w$ge-%ap$ tail measures half4 ,! beak is ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 pe>l grey1 or :iti%4 ,! =ehead1 to ab\t ! middle ( ! top ( ! head1 ! *eeks1 ?roat1 brea/1 & half ! belly are ( a light silv]y grey1 ) %ades appe>+ l grey /ripes2 ! upp] "p ( ! body & tail are ( a brilliant sisk9 gre54 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species is v mild1 speaks b little1 & ev5 seems to be ( a melan*oly turn4 ,its call1 :i* is keir%e1 is l\d & sonor\s4 ,x is ! same species :i* is m5tion$ 9 ! ,travels ( ,b\ga9ville1 by ,p]netty4 ,we f\nd x1 says he1 at ,montevideo1 :]e our sailors b\ght sev]al at two pia/res a-piece4 ,^! birds 7 v tame & h>mless2 !y soon le>nt to speak1 & became s fond ( ! m5 t !y 7 nev] easy :5 away f !m4 ,! g5]al op9ion is1 t !y w n live m ?an a ye> & a half if kept 9 a cage2 ?is prejudice is completely refut$ by ! bird f :i* ?is description is tak51 & :i* may be se5 9 ! collection ( 8 ,highness ! ,duke ( ,saxe ,me9+54 ,,! ,,r$ ,,& ,,blue ,,head$ ,,p>rakeet4 ,psittacus canicul>is1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]ru*e front r\ge1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro?/irnige ,sitti*1 ,be*/e94 ,?is species1 :i* is r common among u1 is t5 in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures half1 ( :i* ! fold$ w+s cov] "o ?ird2 ! =ehead is sc>let1 ! top ( ! head a f9e sky blue1 pal] at ! back2 ! upp] "p ( ! body mead[ gre51 ! "u light]4 ,! =ehead is orange1 & ! circle ( ! eye pale yell[ may be peculi> to ! female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is p>rot is h&some1 b does n speak4 ,al?\gh a native ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 is n v delicate or difficult to pres]ve4 ,! food z usual4 ,,! ,,r$-,,cresc5t$ ,,p>akeet4 ,psittacus lunatus1 ,,be*/e92 ,d] ,mondfleckige1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 :i* ,i h n f\nd describ$ by any au?or1 may be se5 9 ! collection belong+ to 8 ,highness ! ,duke ( ,saxe ,me9+54 ,its l5g? is elev5 in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail measures six4 ,! beak1 "o in* 9 l5g?4 ,! =ehead is deep r$1 a cresc5t ( ! same col\r ext5ds t[>ds ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 ornam5t+ ! top ( ! brea/2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is leek gre51 becom+ a little d>k] on ! head4 ,! "u "p ( ! body is light gre51 slightly t9t$ ) r$ on ! brea/2 ! "u "p ( ! p5 & tail fea!rs is dirty yell[4 ,,obs]vations4--,i d n "k ( :at c\ntry ?is p>rot is a native4 ,x appe>s v lively1 cries (t5 & v l\dly goeur1 goeur1 speaks prettily & di/9ctly1 & appe>s v heal?y4 ,! bird f :i* ! description is tak5 is c]ta9ly a pro( t ?is species w atta9 a great age1 = x is v old4 ,,! ,,great ,,:ite ,,cockatoo4 ,psittacus cri/atus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,kakatoes huppe blan*e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,kakatu1 ,,be*/e94 ,! size ( ?is bird is t ( a b>n-door f[l1 & its l5g? sev5te5 in*es4 ,! beak is blacki%1 & ! membrane at ! base black2 ! iris is d>k br[n1 ! circle ( ! eye :ite4 ,! :ole ( ! plumage is :ite except ! l>ge quill-fea!rs & ! ext]ior fea!rs ( ! tail1 ! inn] be>ds ( :i* are primrose-yell[ to ! c5tre4 ,! tuft1 :i* ! bird raises & s9ks at w1 is five in*es 9 l5g?4 ,,obs]vations4--,at pres5t1 ?is species is only f\nd 9 ! ,moluccas4 ,! g5]al cu/om 9 ,g]many is to give x a spaci\s cage 9 ! =m ( a bell1 f ! top ( :i* is hung a l>ge metal r+1 9 :i* x likes to p]*4 ,! food ( ! cockatoo is ! same z t ( ! o!r l>ge species ( ! same family2 h[ev]1 x appe>s to be v fond ( vegetables1 f>9ace\s gra9s1 & pa/ry4 ,= its qualities1 ,i _c d bett] ?an quote ,buffon3 ,cockatoos1 says he1 :i* may be kn[n by _! tuft1 are n easily taught to speak2 !re is "o species :i* does n speak at all2 b ?is is 9 "s measure comp5sat$ = by ! great facility ) :i* !y are tam$2 9 "s p>ts ( ,india !y are ev5 s f> dome/icat$ t !y w build _! ne/s on ! ro(s ( ! h\ses3 ?is facility ( education is ow+ to _! intellig5ce1 :i* is v sup]ior to t ( o!r p>rots4 ,!y li/51 und]/&1 & obey2 b x is 9 va9 t !y make ! same ef=ts to repeat :at is said to !m3 !y seem to wi% to make up = x by o!r expressions ( feel+ & by affectionate c>esses4 ,!re is a mildness & grace 9 all _! movem5ts1 :i* greatly adds to _! beauty4 ,9 ,m>*1 #agge1 !re 7 two1 a male & female1 at ! fair ( ,/4 ,g]ma91 9 ,p>is1 :i* obey$ ) great docility ! ord]s giv5 !m1 ei!r to spread out _! tuft1 or salute p ) a b5d ( ! head1 or to t\* diff]5t objects ) _! beak & tongue1 or to reply to que/ions f _! ma/] ) a m>k ( ass5t :i* cle>ly express$ a sil5t yes3 !y also %[$ by repeat$ signs ! numb] ( p]sons 9 ! room1 ! h\r ( day1 ! col\r ( clo!s1 c42 !y kiss$ "o ano!r by t\*+ _! beaks1 & ev5 c>ess$ ea* o!r2 ?is %[$ a wi% to pair1 & ! ma/] affirms t !y (t5 d s ev5 9 our climates4 ,?\gh ! cockatoos1 l o!r p>rots1 use _! bill 9 asc5d+ & desc5d+1 yet !y h n _! heavy disagreeable /ep2 on ! contr>y1 !y are v active1 & hop ab\t v nimbly4 ,,! ,,less] ,,:ite ,,cockatoo4 ,psittacus sulphureus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,kakatoes huppe jaune1 ,,buffon2 ,d] gelbhubige ,kakatu1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is f\rte5 in*es & a half4 ,! beak1 ! nak$ membrane1 & feet are blacki%2 ! circle ( ! eye is r :ite1 & ! iris incl9+ to r$4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ?is species is also :ite1 ) a primrose-yell[ t9t on ! w+s & tail1 z well z a spot ( ! same col\r "u ! eyes4 ,! tuft1 :i* is po9t$1 & compos$ ( s(t ?read-l fea!rs1 is ( lemon-col\r4 ,x comes f ! same c\ntry z ! prec$+1 to :i* x yields nei!r 9 elegance1 intellig5ce1 docility1 nor mildness4 ,x is fond ( c>esses1 & returns !m ) pleasure3 all its motions are equally full ( grace1 delicacy1 & beauty4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( ?is species1 :i* only diff] 9 size4 ,,! ,,great ,,r$-,,cre/$ ,,cockatoo4 ,psittacus ,molucc5sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,kakatoes huppe r\ge1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro?ubige ,kakatu1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is a little l>g] ?an ! common cockatoo1 its size be+ almo/ equal to t ( ! r$ & blue maccaw4 ,its beak is blui% black1 ! membrane black1 ! circle ( ! eyes pe>l grey1 & ! iris deep r$4 ,! feet are lead col\r1 ! nails black4 ,:ite1 t+$ ) pale rose-r$1 is ! prevail+ col\r2 ! tuft1 :i* falls back on ! head1 is v l>ge1 mo/ ( ! fea!rs be+ six in*es 9 l5g?2 ( :i* ! "u side is ( a beautiful orange4 ,9 ! side tail fea!rs1 f ! base to ! c5tre ( ! int]ior be>d1 ! col\r is primrose-yell[2 ! "u "p ( ! p5-fea!rs has a t9t ( ! same4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is beautiful bird has a noble air2 &1 ?\gh (t5 tam$1 x is r>ely s c>ess+ z ! common cockatoo2 its cry1 l t ( ! o!r species1 is its own "n2 x also cries t]t+ue v l\d1 & l a trumpet1 & imitates ! voice ( sev]al animals1 p>ticul>ly ! cackl+ ( f[ls & ! cr[+ ( cocks4 ,:5 x cries x flaps its w+s4 ,?\gh a native ( ! ,moluccas1 x is nei!r delicate nor difficult to re>4 ,,! ,,r$-,,v5t$ ,,cockatoo4 ,psittacus ,philipp9>um1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le petit ,kakatoes des ,philipp9es1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ro?bu*ige ,kakatu1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 ! size ( ! grey p>rot1 is b ?irte5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is :ite1 or ( a pale fle% col\r1 & grey at ! base2 ! circle ( ! eyes is yell[i%-r$2 ! feet are ( a silv]-grey2 ! g5]al col\r ( ! body is :ite2 ! head is ornam5t$ ) a tuft1 9 :i* !re is no?+ rem>kable b its rais+ x 9 ! =m ( a %ell4 ,,obs]vations4--,x is a native ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,its beauty & great docility are its *ief m]its2 = x _c speak1 & x also appe>s ( a jeal\s nature1 be+ angry :5 x sees ! o!r p>rots c>ess$1 & mak+ ! unpleasant cry ( aiai1 miai6 b nev] cockatoo4 ,,! ,,banksian ,,cockatoo4 ,psittacus ,banksii1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,kakatoes ,noir1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,banks*e ,kakatu1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is c]ta9ly is ! h&some/1 r>e/1 & mo/ preci\s ( all ! cockatoos4 ,x is z l>ge z ! r$ & blue maccaw1 its l5g? be+ f tw5ty-two to ?irty in*es4 ,! beak is ?ick1 yell[i%1 & black at ! po9t2 ! iris r$1 & ! feet black4 ,black is ! prevail+ col\r ( its plumage2 ! tuft is r long1 b 9 a /ate ( tranquillity lies flat on ! head1 z 9 ! prec$+ cockatoo2 ea* fea!r has a yell[i% spot exactly on ! tip2 ! w+-cov]ts are also t]m9at$ ) a simil> spot4 ,,v>ieties4--,( ?is beautiful species !re are sev]al v>ieties4 #a4 ,^? ) ! beak lead-col\r$2 ! tuft ( a mod]ate size1 black mix$ ) ! yell[ fea!rs2 ! ?roat yell[2 ! sides ( ! neck spott$ ) yell[ & black2 ! tail z above2 all ! re/ black1 )\t any /reaks on ! "u "p ( ! body4 #b4 ,^? ) ! beak blui% grey1 plumage olive1 or black1 ) a yell[i% t9t on ! sides ( ! head1 b hav+ no fea!r ) a yell[ tip4 ,! belly ( "o col\r1 )\t /reaks2 tail z above4 ,?is may possibly be a "y "o4 #c4 ,^? ) ! beak rav5-grey2 ! head1 ! neck1 & ! "u "p ( ! body ( a d>k dirty br[n col\r4 ,! fea!rs on ! top ( ! head & nape ( ! neck are bord]$ ) olive3 ! upp] "p ( ! body1 ! w+s & tail1 ( a brilliant black2 ! c5tre fea!rs ( ! latt] are ( "o col\r2 ! o!rs sc>let 9 ! middle1 b )\t /reaks4 ,?is is p]haps a female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is noble & h&some bird is /ill r r>e 9 ,engl&1 & /ill m s 9 ,g]many4 ,x may be f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,new ,holl&2 its motions resemble ^? ( ! common cockatoo & ! mann] ( treat+ x is ! same4 ,,! ,,a%-,,col\r$ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus eri?acus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,p]roquet c5dr1 ou le ,jaco1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,geme9] as*grau] ,papagay1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is p>rot & ! foll[+ are ! mo/ common & docile t we possess4 ,its l5g? is n9e in*es4 ,! beak is black1 ! membrane at its base1 & ! circle ( ! eyes h a p[d]$ appe>ance4 ,! feet are a%-col\r$1 ! iris yell[i%4 ,a f9e pe>l grey & slate-col\r t+es ! :ole body2 ! fea!rs ( ! head1 neck1 & belly are edg$ ) :iti% grey2 ! tail1 :i* is %ort1 & ( a v]milion col\r1 t]m9ates & relieves ?is %9+ & wat]$ plumage1 :i* also has a p[d]$ appe>ance4 ,! male & female are alike1 & le>n ) equal facility4 ,mo/ ( ! birds ( ?is species are br\ght f ,gu9ea1 b !y also inhabit ! int]ior p>ts ( ,africa1 z well z ,congo & ! coa/s ( ,angola4 ,,food4--,9 its native c\ntry x lives on all k9ds ( fruit & gra92 x w also become q fat on ! se$ ( ! saffl[]1 :i* to man is s viol5t a purgative4 ,"h x eats any ( our food2 b :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk1 & fruits1 are :at x likes be/4 ,meat1 ( :i* x is v fond1 br+s on di>rhoea1 z 9 o!r p>rots1 & t k9d ( gre5 sickness :i* makes x peck itself & te> out its fea!rs1 c4 ,!re are "s in/ances1 :5 treat$ ) c>e1 ( _! hav+ liv$ = sixty ye>s4 ,,bre$+4--,9 its native c\ntry ?is species builds 9 high trees4 ,?is is ! fir/ ( ?is gr\p ( birds :i* has br$ 9 ,europe4 ,m4 de la ,pigeonnire1 says ,buffon1 _h a male & female p>rot 9 ! city ( ,m>manote1 9 ,ang5ois1 :i* us$ to bre$ regul>ly e spr+ = five or six ye>s2 ! "y ones ( ea* brood 7 always re>$ by ! p>5t birds4 ,! female laid f\r eggs ea* "t1 ?ree ( :i* 7 fruitful1 & ! o!r n s4 ,9 ord] t !y may bre$ at _! ease1 !y mu/ be plac$ 9 a room 9 :i* !re is no?+ b a b>rel1 op5 at "o end1 & p>tly fill$ ) saw-du/2 /icks mu/ be plac$ inside & out ( ! b>rel1 t ! male may asc5d !m :5ev] he likes1 & rema9 ne> 8 companion4 ,be=e ent]+ ?is room ! precaution mu/ be tak5 to put on boots1 t ! legs may be gu>d$ f ! attacks ( ! jeal\s p>rot1 :i* pecks at ev]y?+ :i* approa*es its female4 ,! ,p4 ,labat also gives an acc\nt ( two p>rots :i* _h sev]al broods 9 ,p>is4 ,,diseases4--,?is p>rot becomes m subject to ! diff]5t diseases 9 proportion z x is f$ on *oice food4 ,g\t 9 ! feet is ! mo/ g5]al1 & ! specifics us$ = ! bird are n m c]ta9 9 _! cure ?an ^? us$ = man4 ,x is n difficult to prev5t ?is evil by great cleanl9ess1 & giv+ x no meat or o!r niceties4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?is p>rot1 l ! foll[+1 le>ns n only to speak & :i/le1 b also to make all k9ds ( ge/ures2 & x ev5 p]=ms "s tricks :i* require skill4 ,x is p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ by its pleas+ & c>ess+ behavi\r to its ma/]4 ,z an example ( ! tal5ts ( ?is species1 ,buffon gives an acc\nt ( "o :i*1 be+ in/ruct$ on its voyage by an old sailor1 _h acquir$ 8 h>%1 ho>se voice s p]fectly t x 0 (t5 mi/ak5 = him4 ,?\gh x 0 aft]w>ds giv5 to a "y p]son1 & no long] he>d ! voice1 x nev] =got ! lessons ( its old ma/]2 & x 0 exce$+ly amus+ to he> x pass f a s(t pleas+ voice to its old ho>se sea tone4 ,?is bird n only has a great facility 9 imitat+ ! voice ( man1 b x also seems to h a wi% to d s1 & ?is wi% is %[n 9 its great att5tion1 ! ef=ts :i* x makes to repeat ! s\nds x he>s1 & its con/ant repetition ( !m1 = x incessantly repeats any words :i* x has j le>nt1 & endeav\rs to make its voice he>d above e o!r4 ,"o is (t5 surpris$ to he> x say words & make s\nds1 :i* no "o _h taught x1 & to :i* x 0 n ev5 suspect$ to h li/5$4 ,x seem$ to practise its lesson e day till night1 beg9n+ aga9 on ! next morn+4 ,x is :ile "y t x %[s ?is great facility 9 le>n+2 its memory is !n bett]1 & ! bird is altoge!r m intellig5t & docile4 ,?is memory is sometimes v a/oni%+1 z 9 a p>rot :i*1 z ,rodig9us tells1 a c>d9al b\ght = "o hundr$ cr[ns ( gold1 because x c\ld repeat correctly ! ,apo/les' ,cre$2 & ,m4 de la ,borde tells u ( ano!r :i* s]v$ z *apla9 to ! vessel1 recit+ ! pray] to ! sailors1 & aft]w>ds repeat+ ! ros>y4 ,,! ,,c]am ,,lory4 ,psittacus g>rulus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,lori ,noir v>it dite de ,c]am1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ges*wtzige ,lory1 ,,be*/e94 ,x is ( ! size ( a pigeon1 its l5g? be+ f t5 to elev5 in*es4 ,! col\rs v>y v mu*2 b ! foll[+ are ! mo/ common4 ,beak orange-col\r$1 nak$ membrane at its base1 & ! circle ( ! eyes grey2 ! iris deep yell[1 & feet br[n4 ,! pr$om9at+ col\r ( ! body is bright r$2 b ! small w+-cov]ts are a mixture ( gre5 & yell[4 ,x comes f ! ,moluccas1 & is treat$ l ! prec$+1 :i* x equals 9 docility4 ,,! ,,blue-,,capp$ ,,lory4 ,psittacus domicella1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,lory demoiselle1 ou colli]1 ,,buffon2 ,d] blaukpfige ,lory1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is magnific5t species is ( ! size ( a pigeon1 & t5 in*es & a half 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is orange1 ! membrane blacki%1 z well z ! circle ( ! eyes4 ,! top ( ! head is purple black1 or r black %ad+ to purple1 on ! nape ( ! neck2 a cresc5t ( light yell[1 m or less visible1 ornam5ts ! "u "p ( ! ?roat4 ,! out] edge ( ! quill-fea!rs1 & ! small w+-cov]ts1 are ( a deep blue1 %ad+ to sky blue2 ! o!rs ( a mead[ gre54 ,! tail is slightly w$ge-%ap$1 & ( a blui% purple1 t+$ ) r$ br[n4 ,9 ! female1 :i* is small]1 ! cresc5t is ei!r n visible or only fa9tly m>k$2 ! blue on ! head is v slight2 ! bord] ( ! w+ is a mixture ( blue & gre52 ?is is all ! blue :i* !re is 9 ! w+s4 ,,v>iety4--,! l[] "p ( ! back & belly1 ! rump1 & ! ?ighs are :ite & rose col\r2 ! upp] & "u tail-cov]ts r$ & :ite2 ! w+-cov]ts gre51 ) a mixture ( light yell[2 ! beak light yell[2 ! re/ z usual4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species has ! same attractions z ! o!r lories1 & to judge f ! specim5 :i* ,i h se5 among ! collection ( ! ,duke ( ,me9+51 x appe>$ to be ! milde/1 mo/ ende>+1 & amiable2 9 %ort1 ! mo/ docile & talkative ( all ! p>rots4 ,x cries lory1 & *att]s incessantly1 b 9 a holl[ voice1 some?+ l t ( a man :o speaks f 8 *e/2 x repeats ev]y?+ :i/l$ to x 9 a cle> tone2 x likes to be always c>ess$ & paid att5tion to2 its memory is v good4 ,?is delicate species1 be+ pres]v$ ) difficulty dur+ ! voyage1 is also v r>e & de>2 x is a native ( ! ,moluccas & ( ,new ,gu9ea2 x requires to be tak5 great c>e (1 to be kept w>m2 & to h its food *ang$ :5 necess>y4 ,,! ,,black-,,capp$ ,,lory4 ,psittacus ,lory1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,lory des ,philipp9es1 ,,buffon2 ,d] s*w>zkappige ,lory1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ab\t ! size ( ! prec$+4 ,its beak is orange2 ! membrane & circle ( ! eyes ( a d>k fle% col\r2 ! iris orange4 ,! feet are black2 ! top ( ! head ! same1 ) a blue t9t2 ! :ole body is sc>let1 except a blue spot betwe5 ! back & neck1 & ano!r bel[ ! brea/2 bo? ( ^! spots h a few r$ fea!rs2 ! w+s are gre5 above4 ,,obs]vations4--,! black-capp$ lory is /ill m sc>ce 9 ,europe ?an ! prec$+1 !re=e x is de>]1 b appe>s to possess all its good qualities4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,front$ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus leucocephalus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,p]roquet ,amazone tte blan*e2 ,d] weisskpfige ,amazon5papagey1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ talkative p>rots usually kept4 ,its beak is :iti%1 ! circle ( ! eyes :ite2 ! iris nut br[n2 ! feet are d>k br[n4 ,! top1 or r ! back ( ! head1 is light blue 9 ! male1 & gre5 9 ! female4 ,! g5]al col\r is gre51 b ! edge ( ! fea!rs is br[n1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! front "p ( ! body4 ,! r$ edge ( ! w+ is ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! male 9 ,buffon's family ( amazons4 ,?is p>rot is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,dom+o1 ,cuba1 & ev5 9 ,mexico4 ,x is v mild & talkative1 & imitates ! cries ( cats1 dogs1 & o!r animals to p]fection4 ,x mu/ be kept v clean1 & n let suff] f cold4 ,,! ,,blue-,,fac$ ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus autumnalis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,crick tte bleue1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,h]b/krickpapagey1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ab\t ! size ( a pigeon4 ,! beak is horn col\r1 ) a long /reak ( orange on ea* side ( ! upp] m&ible2 ! :ole circle ( ! head & ! ?roat are blue2 ! top ( ! head & "u "p ( ! neck to ! brea/ are r$2 ! re/ ( ! body is gre51 except ! l>ge quill-fea!rs1 :i* are blue2 "s1 h[ev]1 are r$1 ) a blue tip4 ,v>ieties4--#a4 ,! head1 in/ead ( be+ r$ & blue1 is r$ & :ite4 #b4 ,! =ehead sc>let1 ! top ( ! head blue1 an orange spot "u ! eyes1 ! upp] bord] ( ! w+s light yell[4 #c4 ,=ehead & ?roat r$ beh9d1 & "u ! eyes blue1 ! top ( ! head gre5i% yell[1 ! l[] bord] ( ! w+s r$1 ! end ( ! tail pale light yell[4 #d4 ,all ! body blacki% except ! brea/1 ! fea!rs ( :i* are edg$ ) d>k br[n & r$4 ,,obs]vations4--,^! birds inhabit ,gu9ea1 le>n v little1 & cont9ually cry guirr1 guirr4 ,,common ,,amazon ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus /ivus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,d] geme9e ,amazon5papagey1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is import$ 9 s great numb]s t x is f\nd at e bird-sell]'s1 & is "o ( ! *eape/4 ,its v>ieties are num]\s4 ,! foll[+ are ! g5]al col\rs3 beak blacki%2 feet a%-col\r$2 iris gold5 yell[2 =ehead blui%1 z well z ! space betwe5 ! eyes2 head & ?roat yell[1 b ! ?roat-fea!rs are edg$ ) a blue gre52 ! body a brilliant gre51 incl9+ to yell[i% on ! back & belly4 ,?is bird is common 9 ! hotte/ p>ts ( ,am]ica1 le>ns to speak1 is v docile1 sociable1 & requires only common att5tion4 ,,! ,,yell[-,,head$ ,,amazon ,,p>rot4 ,psittacus nobilis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,psittacus o*rocephalus1 ,,gmel92 ,amazone tte jaune1 ,,buffon2 ,d] gelbkpfige ,amazon5papagey1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is fifte5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures five2 ! beak "o in*1 ! sides ( ! upp] m&ible & base ( ! l[] are r$1 ! re/ ( ! beak is rav5 grey2 ! iris gold5 yell[2 ! feet greyi% fle% col\r1 & claws black4 ,! top ( ! head is gold5 yell[1 ! =ehead yell[i% gre52 ! col\r ( ! body is gre51 d>k above1 & m yell[ "u2 ! tail is b slightly w$ge-%ap$2 b ,l9nu consid]$ x suffici5tly s to class x among ! long w$ge-%ap$ tails4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird is v mild1 & sometimes *att]s & utt]s a few dull s\nds1 b at o!r times x speaks b little4 ,its native c\ntry is ,s\? ,am]ica3 x is treat$ l ! prec$+4 ,,! ,,yell[-,,brea/$ ,,tucan4 ,rampha/os ,tucanus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,t\can gorge jaune du ,brsil1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,tukan od] ,pfeff]vogel1 ,,be*/e94 ,tucans are di/+ui%$ by ! great size ( _! beak1 :i* is convex above1 hook$ t[>ds ! po9t1 holl[1 light1 & too!d on ! edges l a saw4 ,! feet h two claws be=e & two beh9d4 ,9 summ] ^! birds are br\ght f ,s\? ,am]ica to ,engl& & ,holl&1 :5ce !y are tak5 to ,g]many1 ?\gh n (t54 ,!y eat fruit1 b]ries1 grapes1 bread1 meat1 & 9 g5]al any ( our food4 ,9 ord] to swall[ any?+ !y ?r[ x into ! air1 cat*+ x 9 _! ?roats4 ,!y are g5]ally re>$ f ! ne/1 :i* is plac$ 9 ! hole ( a tree1 & only conta9s two "y ones1 :i* 9 a %ort "t are dome/icat$1 & become v attractive4 ,( ! n9e in*es1 :i* is ! :ole l5g? ( ?is tucan1 ! beak alone measures five1 & is grey at ! base & black at ! po9t4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a gre5 black2 ! *eeks1 ?roat1 & front ( ! neck are orange1 ) a crimson b& across ! brea/4 ,! /oma* is ( a f9e r$1 ! belly & sides blacki%1 z well z ! p5-fea!rs & tail4 ,! upp] tail-cov]ts are ( a sulphur col\r1 ! "u ones are crimson2 ! feet & claws lead col\r4 ,,! ,,brazilian ,,tucan4 ,rhampha/os piscivorus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,t\can gorge blan*e du ,brsil1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,brasilis*e ,pfeff]vogel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is tw5ty in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! beak measures six2 ! upp] m&ible is yell[i% gre51 ) ! edges orange col\r$ & too!d2 ! "u m&ible is ( a f9e blue1 & ! po9ts ( bo? are r$4 ,! iris is light br[n2 ! circle ( ! eyes gre5i% yell[2 ! top ( ! head1 ! neck1 back1 belly1 w+s1 & tail are black2 ! ?roat1 ! brea/1 & sides yell[i% :ite2 ! "p ab\t ! /oma* is ornam5t$ ) a beautiful r$ cresc5t4 ,x is a native ( ,cay5ne & ,brazil4 ,,! ,,prea*] ,,tucan4 ,rhampha/os picatus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,t\can v5tre r\ge2 ,d] ,pr$ig] ,pfeff]vogel1 ,,be*/e94 ,! :ole l5g? ( ! bird is tw5ty in*es1 ( :i* ! beak measures six2 ! po9t is r$1 & all ! re/ is yell[i%-gre54 ,! prevail+ col\r is a brilliant black1 ) t9ts ( gre5 be=e1 & grey a% col\r on ! back "p ( ! body4 ,! brea/ is ( a f9e orange2 ! belly1 sides1 ?ighs1 less] tail-cov]ts1 & ! tips ( ! fea!rs1 are ( a lively r$4 ,?is ,tucan inhabits ,africa & ,brazil2 its long & incessant cry has giv5 x ! "n ( ,prea*]4 ,x is z easy to tame z to fe$1 = x w eat any ?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,less] ,,spott$ ,,woodpeck]4 ,,woodpeck]s4 ,! birds 9 ?is gr\p 9 g5]al h ! beak rectangul>1 9 a few in/ances v slightly hook$1 nev] ?ick nor v long4 ,,! ,,gre5 ,,woodpeck]4 ,picus viridis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,pic v]t1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,grnspe*t1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is twelve in*es & a half1 b f\r & a half ( ^! are includ$ 9 ! tail1 almo/ half ( :i* is cov]$ by ! fold$ w+s4 ,! beak1 an in* & a half 9 l5g?1 is triangul>1 v po9t$1 & ( a d>k grey2 ! iris is grey2 ! tongue is five in*es long1 & furni%$1 l t ( ! o!r woodpeck]s1 ) a horny tip1 & /rong hairs on ea* side1 s z to be useful 9 cat*+ & pi]c+ insects4 ,! top ( ! head to ! nape ( ! neck is ( a brilliant crimson2 a black /reak1 :i* 9 old birds is (t5 t+$ ) r$1 desc5ds on ea* side ( ! neck2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a beautiful olive gre51 ! "u "p ( a dusky gre5i% :ite3 "s transv]se l9es may be se5 on ! belly1 :i* become m di/9ct on ! sides4 ,9 ! female ! col\rs are pal]1 & !re is less r$ on ! head1 :i*1 :5 x is "y1 is only grey4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ! gre5 woodpeck]1 dur+ summ]1 frequ5ts woods & or*>ds :i* are ne> ^!1 b :5 ! air becomes cold1 & ! sn[ beg9s to fall1 x approa*es villages1 & flies f "o g>d5 to ano!r2 x passes ! night 9 ! holes ( trees2 :5 x f9ds dead1 decay$1 or worm-eat5 ones1 x pi]ces !m on all sides ) its /rong beak1 9 ord] to f9d ! insects !y conceal4 ,x nev] attacks a heal?y tree1 !re=e x is n "r to kill x z be+ mis*iev\s2 x only taps ! b>k ( trees to make ! insects come out1 & its /rokes are !n s quick t !y resemble a humm+4 ,9 ! h\se its fi]ce & impetu\s "* makes x necess>y to keep x 9 close conf9em5t4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x con/antly seeks ! insects :i* live "u ! b>k & 9 ! wood ( trees2 x also eats ants1 & 9 w9t] w ev5 take bees f ! hive4 ,9 ! h\se x is f$ on nuts1 ants' eggs1 & meat4 ,,bre$+4--,! female lays ?ree or f\r p]fectly :ite eggs 9 ! hole ( a tree2 if ! "y are to be tam$ !y mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 only half fl$g$2 x is impossible to tame adults or old ones2 we _c ev5 make !m eat4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! beauty ( its plumage is all t c be said ( x2 = x is s fi]ce1 quick1 & /ubborn1 t x c only be kept by means ( a *a94 ,i "k no in/ance 9 :i* e k9d ( att5tion has r5d]$ x m docile & agreeable3 x is always untractable4 ,"o or two ( ^! *a9$ birds1 h[ev]1 d n look bad z a v>iety4 ,x is curi\s to see !m crack ! nuts4 ,,! ,,great] ,,spott$ ,,woodpeck]4 ,picus major1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',epei*e1 ou ,pic v>i1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,gross] ,buntspe*t1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is r l>g] ?an a ?ru%1 n9e in*es long ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & a half1 & ! beak "o4 ,! legs are ?ree l9es high1 & ( a blui% olive2 ! iris is blui%1 ) a :ite r+2 ! =ehead yell[i% br[n2 ! top ( ! head & ! back black2 ! nape ( ! neck crimson2 ! %\ld]s :ite1 ! w+s & tail black1 & /reak$ ) yell[i% :ite2 ! belly ( a dirty r$di% :ite1 ! "p ab\t ! v5t crimson4 ,! female has no r$ on ! nape ( ! neck4 ,,habitation ,,& ,,food4--,?is woodpeck] cont9ually ranges woods & or*>ds 9 se>* ( its food1 :i* consi/s ( insects1 bee*-ma/1 acorns1 nuts1 & ! se$ ( p9es & firs4 ,9 ord] to crack ! nuts1 x fixes !m 9 ! clefts ( ! trees4 ,! female builds its ne/ 9 ! hole ( a tree1 & lays f f\r to six :ite eggs4 ,be=e m\lt+ ! head ( ! "y ones is r$4 ,!y mu/ be tak5 e>ly f ! ne/ if !y are to be tam$4 ,!y are f$ & treat$ l ! gre5 woodpeck]4 ,,! ,,middle ,,spott$ ,,woodpeck]4 ,picus m$ius1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,pic v>i tte r\ge1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,mittl]] ,buntspe*t1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is only di/+ui%$ f ! =m] by be+ r small]3 ! beak is m sl5d]1 & v po9t$4 ,! top ( ! head is crimson1 & ! region ( ! v5t rose-col\r$4 ,x is1 besides1 less common1 & ! "y :i* are re>$ are n s untractable1 ?\gh nev] v docile#bg4 ,!y are g5]ally kept 9 a cage1 & fa/5$ by a little *a94 ,,! ,,less] ,,spott$ ,,woodpeck]4 ,picus m9or1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,petit ,epei*e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,kle9] ,buntspe*t1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( a l>k1 five in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 two ( :i* are includ$ 9 ! tail1 & ! beak measures sev5 l9es4 ,! feet are ( a gre5i% black2 ! rump is :ite2 ! top ( ! head crimson2 ! nape ( ! neck black2 ! back :ite1 ) transv]se /reaks ( black2 ! "u "p ( ! body is ( a r$di% :ite grey1 & ! sides are /reak$ ) black4 ,! female _h no r$ on ! head4 ,,habitation ,,& ,,food4--,?is r>e species inhabits =e/s ( bee* & oak1 skilfully cat*+ ! insects "u ! b>k & moss ( ^! trees2 x ev5 flies to ! gr\nd to seek ! same food among ! grass4 ,:ile re>+ ! "y ones1 !y mu/ be kept 9 a cage4 ,,! ,,wryneck4 ,illu/ration ,yunx torquilla1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,torcol1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,geme9] ,w5dehals1 ,,be*/e94 ,?\gh x is six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 x is n l>g] ?an our l>k1 because its tail includes ?ree in*es & a qu>t]1 & its beak n9e l9es4 ,! iris is ( a br[ni% yell[1 ! feet1 two claws ( :i* are be=e & two beh9d1 are %ort1 /rong1 & lead col\r4 ,! head is a%-col\r$1 speckl$ ) small ru/-col\r$ spots mix$ ) "s :ite ones4 ,! top ( ! head & half ( ! back are divid$ l5g?wise by a broad black /reak1 edg$ ) ru/ col\r2 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a f9e grey1 /reak$ & speckl$ ) black1 :ite1 & ru/ col\r4 ,9 ! female ! belly is pal] ?an 9 ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 x is a bird ( passage1 :i* dep>ts dur+ ! fir/ =tnight ( ,septemb]1 & does n return till ! end ( ,april1 frequ5t+ groves & or*>ds4 ,9 ,augu/ x goes into g>d5s & fields plant$ ) cabbages & o!r vegetables4 ,9 ! h\se x is bett] to let x run ab\t at w ?an to keep x 9 a cage1 :]e x w\ld soil its fea!rs1 p>ticul>ly ^? on ! belly & brea/1 :ile play+4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate1 ! wryneck lives on insects1 = cat*+ :i* x has a v long cyl9drical tongue1 ) a h>d po9t1 t c be ins9uat$ into all ! *9ks & fissures ( trees4 ,ants' eggs are a v fav\rite food1 & x does n dislike ! ants !mselves4 ,t[>ds autumn1 :5 ! latt] fail1 x is cont5t$ ) eld]b]ries till ! "t ( its dep>ture :i* nev] v>ies4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be fir/ giv5 ants' eggs2 & !n by degrees ! univ]sal pa/e1 to :i* x soon becomes accu/om$2 b1 z x is delicate1 9 ord] to pres]ve x = "s "t1 ! night+ales' food agrees bett] ) x4 ,x is v amus+ to see x se>* all ! cracks & crevices ( ! room = insects2 & if a few ants' eggs 7 n[ & !n put !re1 x w\ld give x ! greate/ pleasure4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/1 :i* x places 9 ! hole ( a tree1 is =m$ ( moss1 wool1 hair1 & /raw4 ,x lays eight eggs1 :i* are :ite1 & v smoo?4 ,! adults & old ones are difficult to pres]ve & tame2 b ! "y ones may be easily re>$ on ants' eggs1 & ! univ]sal pa/e1 made ( ! crumb ( :ite bread4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 g5]al x is caught by putt+ lime twigs r\nd ! ne/2 b if ! wea!r be /ormy1 z 9 spr+1 :5 x is busy se>*+ ! bu%es = insects1 x may ev5 be tak5 by ! h&4 ,! "o ,i n[ h 0 br\ght to me by a little boy :o _h tak5 x 9 ?is mann]4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,indep5d5tly ( its beautiful plumage1 x is v amus+ to see x make ^? movem5ts :i* h giv5 x its "n ( wryneck4 ,x l5g!ns its neck1 & turns r\nd its head1 s t ! beak po9ts d[n ! back4 ,its g5]al position is q /raight2 ! fea!rs ( ! head & ?roat v smoo?1 & ! tail spread l a fan1 at ! same "t b[+ l[4 ,if x be irritat$1 or ev5 if its food be br\ght1 x sl[ly leans =w>d1 rais+ ! fea!rs on its head1 l5g!n+ & turn+ its neck1 roll+ its eyes2 x !n b[s1 spreads its tail1 & murmurs "s h>% s\nds 9 its ?roat2 9 %ort1 x puts itself 9 ! mo/ s+ul> attitudes1 & makes ! mo/ ridicul\s grimaces4 ,at o!r times x seems to h a melan*oly disposition4 ,9 spr+ ! male (t5 cries 9 a full tone1 gui1 gui1 gui1 gui1 to call its female4 ,m4 de ,s*auro? in=ms me t two wrynecks :i* he re>$ became s tame1 t !y w\ld hang ab\t 8 clo!s1 & beg9 to w>ble z soon z !y he>d him1 or saw him ev5 at a di/ance4 ,"o day1 be+ we>i$ & teaz$ ) its incessant cries1 he drove "o out ( ! w9d[2 b hav+ call$ x t[>ds ev5+1 x imm$iately repli$ to 8 voice1 & p]mitt$ itself to be tak54 ,"o ( ^! birds1 :i* he let range ab\t at w1 hav+ p]*$ on a neighb\r+ tree1 he _h only to hold out & %[ x ! box conta9+ its food1 & x return$ imm$iately4 ,,! ,,t\rako4 ,cuculus ,p]sa1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,t\rako1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,turako1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is ,bird1 :i* is ab\t ! size ( a magpie1 has be5 plac$ among ! cuckoos by ,l9nu1 & ^? :o h copi$ him1 only because its cry is c\c1 c\c2 = 9 no o!r respect does x belong to ?is g5us4 ,its beak is %ort & ?ick1 & resembles t ( ! pigeon 9 %ape2 ! upp] is b5t ov] ! l[]1 & ( a r$di% br[n2 ! no/rils are cov]$ ) fea!rs2 ! iris is nut-br[n2 ! eyelids are edg$ ) small r$ w>ts2 ! op5+ ( ! ?roat is wide1 ext5d+ to ! back ( ! e>s2 ! nails ( an a% grey2 ! head1 ?roat1 neck1 top ( ! back1 ) ! upp] w+-cov]ts1 ! brea/1 upp] "p ( ! belly & sides1 are cov]$ ) s(t silky fea!rs1 ( a beautiful deep gre52 ! fea!rs on ! top ( ! head gradually l5g!n into a l>ge triangul> tuft1 :i* ! bird raises at w1 & ! tip ( :i* is r$4 ,! gre5 9 ! tuft is sometimes mix$ ) :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,! ,t\rako1 :i* ,i h se51 belong+ to 8 ,highness ! ,duke ( ,saxe ,me9+51 is "o ( ! mo/ elegant1 milde/1 & tame/ ( all =eign birds :i* ,i "k4 ,its cry is c\c1 c\c1 c\c1 at fir/ repeat$ sl[ly & di/9ctly1 aft]w>ds m quickly1 & !n 9 a rapid & cont9u$ succession4 ,not)/&+ ! =m ( its feet x does n climb or hop1 b runs z quickly z any p>tridge across ! room1 & (t51 press+ its w+s aga9/ its body1 makes sev]al long leaps ( t5 feet4 ,,food4--,! tongue is n p]ceptible on op5+ its beak1 & x swall[s e ?+ :ole :i* is giv5 x4 ,x is f$ on fruit & bread cut 9 small pieces2 x has be5 rem>k$ t x has a crop4 ,buffon says1 t "o ( ^! birds1 :i* came f ! ,cape1 ate rice2 b t :i* ,i h se5 w\ld n t\* x2 on ! contr>y1 x ate ) avidity ! /ones ( grapes1 z well z bits ( apple & orange2 s t x may be conclud$ t fruit is its natural food4 ,x is br\ght f ,gu9ea1 b may be f\nd 9 o!r p>ts ( ,africa4 ,,! ,,common ,,k+fi%]4 ,alc$o ,ispida1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',alcyon1 ou ,m>t9 ,p*eur1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,eisvogel1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is sev5 in*es1 ( :i* ! %ort tail only measures "o & a qu>t]1 ! legs are v %ort1 be+ only f\r l9es 9 height1 & ! out] claw is unit$ to ! c5tre "o1 z f> z ! fir/ jo9t4 ,! beak1 an in* & a half 9 l5g?1 is /rong1 /raight & po9t$4 ,! iris is d>k br[n2 ! top ( ! head & ! w+-cov]ts are ( a deep gre52 ! "o ) transv]se & ! o!r ) oval spots ( a beautiful sky blue4 ,! back & %\ld]s %9e ) ! mo/ beautiful blue4 ,9 ! female ! col\rs are d>k]1 & ! sky blue !re is 9 !m only mead[ gre54 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ?is is a solit>y bird1 :i* rema9s ! :ole ye> on ! edges ( ponds1 /reams1 & riv]s4 ,dur+ ! w9t] x may be se5 wat*+ = its prey at ! holes 9 ! ice1 plac$ on a /one or /ick1 or p]*$ on ! bran* ( a tree4 ,9 ! h\se x does n walk or hop1 b flies or rema9s p]*$4 ,x is v necess>y to put "s turf or bran*es 9 a corn]1 or x mu/ be kept 9 a cage ) a p]*2 x con/antly rema9s 9 ! same place4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate its food is small fi%1 lee*es1 &1 inde$1 all aquatic worms & insects4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be giv5 z mu* z possible ! same1 accu/om+ x by degrees to eat meat4 ,x is v r>ely t ^? tak5 :5 old c be pres]v$4 ,i h se5 "o1 h[ev]1 :i* ate ev5 dead fi%4 ,! meat & small fi% = its food mu/ be put into a b[l ( fre% wat]1 l>ge en\gh1 or s firmly fix$1 t x may n be easily ov]turn$4 ,:5 tak+ its food x does n hop to ! bottom ( ! cage1 b /ret*es itself d[nw>ds till x c rea* ! wat] ) its beak1 at lea/ if x be n a "y "o re>$ 9 ! h\se4--,x w n eat :ile be+ look$ at4 ,,mr4 ,,paxton',s ,,me?od ,,( ,,managem5t4--,hav+ become possess$1 says ,mr4 ,paxton1 ( "s "y k+fi%]s la/ summ]1 we 7 v anxi\s to re> !m2 ?is we h accompli%$1 &1 to ! be/ ( our in=mation1 x is ! fir/ "t k+fi%]s 7 ev] re>$ by h&4 ,to accompli% ?is object we _h a wire cage con/ruct$ ab\t t5 feet long1 & f\r broad2 ! back "p ( ! cage 0 made to imitate1 z ne>ly z possible1 ! banks ( a riv]2--?r\gh ?is cage a small /ream ( wat] 0 conduct$1 9 :i* ! birds receiv$ _! food1 c4 ,:5 ! "y birds 7 fir/ tak5 f ! ne/1 m9n[s & bullheads 7 _! pr9cipal food2 !y h s9ce be5 f$ on almo/ e species ( fre%-wat] fi%1 al?\gh !y ev9ce a m>k$ pref]5ce = tr\t4 ,imm$iately on a quantity ( small fi% be+ put into ! /ream ( wat]1 !y comm5ce kill+ !m1 reg>dless ( :o may be ne>2 & s surely d !y /rike1 t1 al?\gh we h repeat$ly obs]v$ !m1 we nev] yet saw !m miss _! prey4 ,z soon z !y h caught a fi% !y kill x1 by knock+ its head aga9/ any?+ t may be ne> !m4 ,! quantity ( fi% consum$ by ea* bird is almo/ incr$ible--we %\ld ?9k on ! av]age n less ?an six ounces a day ea*2 !y c\ld n exi/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs )\t food1 s !y quickly dige/ x4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! sole reason ( ! k+fi%] migrat+ to ! sea-side on ! approa* ( sev]e wea!r1 arises f ! voracity ( its appetite4 ,!y are q tame & dome/icat$1 frequ5tly sitt+ on ! head or %\ld] ( ! p]son :o is 9 ! habit ( clean+ out _! little dwell+4 ,!y are also v cleanly4 ,we h obs]v$ !m dive into ! wat] z _m z =ty times incessantly1 = ! purpose ( wa%+--?is is g5]ally done 9 ! ev5+4 ,al?\gh !y appe> satisfi$ ) _! conf9em5t1 !y are f> f be+ fri5dly ) ea* o!r2 !y fight ) _! w+s1 some?+ aft] ! mann] ( ! swan2 ?is is r surpris+1 z !y are v dext]\s ) _! bills :5 seiz+ _! prey4 ,we h tri$ to re> o!rs 9 a common cage1 fe$+ !m p>tly on fle%1 b nev] succe$$4 ,,bre$+4--,a hole at ! edge ( ! wat] is ! place 9 :i* x builds its ne/1 :i* is =m$ on ! outside ( small roots1 & l9$ ) fea!rs4 ,its eggs 9 g5]al are eight 9 numb]1 & q :ite4 ,9 ! "y ones1 be=e ! fea!rs gr[1 ! /ubs are s long & /raight t !y might be tak5 = s _m little bri/les4 ,z soon z ! "y c see cle>ly1 & be=e ! fea!rs beg9 to spr\t1 is ! "t to take !m f ! ne/2 !y mu/ be f$ fir/ on ants' eggs1 meal worms1 & o!r worms & aft]w>ds accu/om$ by degrees to meat2 !y w be pres]v$ 9 good heal? = a mu* long] "t1 if c>e be tak5 always to give !m _! food 9 fre% wat]1 r ?an let !m pick x up f ! gr\nd4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,:5 ! place :i* "o ( ^! birds frequ5ts mo/1 & :i* is g5]ally ne> an eddy 9 ! wat]1 is well kn[n1 a /ake mu/ be fix$ to :i* ! sn>e1 call$ a spr+e1 c be fa/5$2 by ?is means ! bird may be easily tak54 ,lime-twigs may also be put on a bu% or /ake ne> ! wat]'s edge1 provid$ x does n hang s mu* ov] ! wat] z to risk ! bird's fall+ into x :5 fix$ by ! lime4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its great attractions are its beauty1 = x is n well proportion$1 & all its motions are sudd54 ,,! ,,nu?at*4 ,illu/ration ,sitta ,europa1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,sittele1 ou le ,tor*epot1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,nus%ack]1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is six in*es & a half1 ( :i* "o & a half is includ$ 9 ! tail1 & ?ree-qu>t]s 9 ! beak1 :i* is /rong1 /raight1 a little flat at ! tip2 ! eyes are greyi% br[n2 ! feet yell[i% grey1 ! claws v /rong4 ,! =ehead is blue only 9 ! male2 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a blue grey2 ! *eeks & ?roat are :ite2 a black /reak pass+ across ! eyes ext5ds f ! base ( ! beak to ! neck2 ! belly & brea/ are ( a d+y orange col\r4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x g5]ally frequ5ts woods4 ,9 ! w9t] x approa*es villages1 & w ev5 fly into b>ns & /ables4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be kept 9 a cage made entirely ( wire1 z wood _c resi/ ! /r5g? ( its beak#bh4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x lives on insects1 :i* x seeks = 9 ! trees1 be+ able to cl+ to & run ab\t ! bran*es 9 any way3 x also eats nuts & bee* ma/1 :i* x skilfully fixes 9 ! *9ks ( ! trees1 t x may crack !m m easily4 ,9 ! h\se1 x may be f$ on hemp se$1 oats1 b>ley meal1 or ev5 bread4 ,! way 9 :i* x cru%es ! hemp se$ & oats is v curi\s2 x takes z _m z x c 9 its beak1 & ranges !m 9 ord] 9 ! cracks ( ! floor1 always tak+ c>e to put ! l>ge end l[e/1 t x may break !m m easily2 x !n beg9s to despat* !m "o aft] ano!r ) ! greate/ skill & agility4 ,! lady :o has be5 occasionally m5tion$ 9 ! introduction1 amus$ h]self 9 ! w9t]1 & p>ticul>ly :5 ! sn[ 0 on ! gr\nd1 ) ?r[+1 sev]al times a day1 diff]5t k9ds ( se$s on ! t]race bel[ ! w9d[1 9 ord] to fe$ ! birds 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,^! soon became accu/om$ to ?is di/ribution1 & arriv$ 9 cr[ds :5 !y he>d ! clapp+ ( h&s1 :i* 0 ! signal us$ to call !m4 ,%e put "s hemp se$ & crack$ nuts ev5 on ! w9d[-sill1 & on a bo>d1 p>ticul>ly = h] fav\rites1 ! blue tits4 ,two nu?at*es came "o day to h _! %>e 9 ?is repa/1 & 7 s well pleas$ t !y became q famili>1 & did n ev5 g away 9 ! foll[+ spr+1 to get _! natural food & to build _! ne/ 9 ! wood4 ,!y settl$ !mselves 9 ! holl[ ( an old tree ne> ! h\se2 z soon z ! two "y ones1 :i* !y re>$ "h1 7 able to fly1 !y br\ght !m to ! hospitable w9d[ :]e !y 7 to be n\ri%$1 & soon aft] disappe>$ entirely4 ,x 0 v amus+ to see ^! two new visit]s hang or climb on ! wall or bl9ds1 :il/ _! b5efactress put _! food on ! bo>d4 ,^! pretty creatures1 z well z ! tits1 knew h] s well1 t :5 %e drove away ! sp>r[s :i* came to /eal :at 0 n int5d$ = !m1 !y did n fly away also1 b seem$ to "k t :at 0 done 0 only to protect & def5d !m4 ,^! nu?at*es rema9$ ne> ! h\se = ! :ole summ]1 r>ely w&]+1 till "o fatal day1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sport+ season1 9 autumn1 !y no soon] he>d ! report ( a gun ?an !y disappe>$1 & 7 nev] aga9 se54 ,x is possible t fe> alone _h driv5 !m s f> t !y c\ld n f9d _! way home aga92 !y did n "k t !re !y w\ld h be5 9 great] safety4 ,if ^! birds are left at lib]ty 9 ! room1 !y are accu/om$1 l ! tits1 to hide ! great] "p ( :at is giv5 to !m1 to keep x = ano!r meal2 b _! trick ( pi]c+ holes 9 ! wood makes !m inconv5i5t1 & !re=e x is bett] to keep !m 9 a cage4 ,,bre$+4--,! nu?at* builds its ne/ 9 ! holes ( old trees1 & lays six or sev5 eggs spott$ ) r$4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,z x has ! same ta/e = hemp se$ & oats z ! tits1 x may (t5 be caught 9 ! same sn>e2 x may also be tak5 9 ! area or b>n floor trap4 ,its call is gru1 dek1 dek4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its plumage1 livel9ess1 agility1 & great cunn+ 9 cat*+ & hid+ its food1 are its mo/ agreeable qualities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nu?at* ,,claw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goldf9*4 ,,pass]9e ,,birds4 ,! birds ( ?is gr\p h ! beak conical & po9t$1 9 g5]al r /rong1 ) bo? ! m&ibles moveable1 & fit = peel+ & clean+ gra94 ,_! feet are sl5d]1 & _! claws divid$4 ,"s ( !m d n conf9e !mselves to gra91 b also eat insects4 ,^? :i* fe$ solely on se$s disgorge !m into ! crop ( _! "y1 ! o!rs simply put ! food into _! beaks4 ,! great] "p ( !m build _! ne/s v skilfully4 ,! females brood alone1 or are v r>ely assi/$ by ! males 9 hat*+4 ,?is gr\p & ! foll[+ are peculi>ly ! real cage birds2 ^? pretty & attractive little creatures :i* enliv5 our rooms ) _! songs4 ,^? :i* fe$ only on se$s may be tam$ at any age4 ,,! ,,crossbill4 ,illu/ration ,loxia curviro/ra1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,beccrois1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,kreuzs*nabel1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is ne>ly sev5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a qu>t]4 ,! beak1 :i* is "o in* 9 l5g?1 & v ?ick1 has its two m&ibles curv+ 9 opposite directions1 & cross+ ea* o!r at ! po9ts1 :5ce ! "n4 ,x is no fix$ rule = ! upp] m&ible to cross to ! "r or left1 b its direction appe>s to be acquir$ :5 "y4 ,! %anks1 :i* are eight l9es high1 & ! beak1 are br[n2 ! iris is nut-col\r$4 ,! *ange ( col\r1 :i* "s ass]t ?is bird is subject to ?ree times a ye>1 simply occurs z foll[s3-- ,! "y male1 :i* is at fir/ ( a greyi% br[n1 ) a little yell[1 becomes aft] m\lt+ entirely r$1 d>k] on ! upp] "p ( ! body ?an on ! l[]1 ! quill & tail fea!rs except$1 :i* are blacki%4 ,?is g5]ally happ5s 9 ,april or ,may4 ,at ! second m\lt+ ?is r$ col\r becomes a gre5i% yell[1 :i* is p]man5t2 s t :5 r$ !y may be kn[n to be ! "y male birds1 & :5 yell[ ! old ones4 ,! females are 9 g5]al grey1 ) a little gre5 on ! head1 brea/1 & rump1 or irregul>ly speckl$ ) ^? two col\rs4 ,f obs]vations :i* h be5 made ) great c>e & exactness1 & :i* any "o c repeat :o wi%es1 x appe>s prov$ t an old male bird nev] *anges its col\r4 ,9 ord] to be exact z to ^! facts1 x is necess>y to obs]ve ! bird f ! "t ( its leav+ ! ne/2 =1 if "o 7 to judge f ^? tak5 9 a sn>e1 "o w\ld c]ta9ly be dispos$ to ?9k t n "o bird resembl$ ano!r3 b all ?is v>iety dep5ds on ! diff]5t /ages 9 m\lt+1 :i* s v mu* affects ! col\rs ( ! plumage4 ,?us1 9 old male birds ! =ehead1 *eeks1 & eyebr[s are spott$ ) grey1 gre5i% yell[1 & :ite4 ,:]ev] gre5 & yell[ are preval5t1 ! d>k grey %[s ?r\gh1 & has ! appe>ance ( spots on ^? p>ts1 p>ticul>ly on ! back1 = ! tips alone are gre5 & yell[4 ,! result ( all ?is is1 t :5 grey or speckl$ crossbills are spok5 (1 !y are ! "y ones2 :5 r$1 !y h pass$ _! fir/ m\lt+2 :5 crimson1 !y are ne> _! second2 & :5 spott$1 r$ & yell[1 !y are two ye>s old1 & 9 full fea!r4 ,to judge ) exactness1 ^! birds ought to be se5 at ! "t ( lay+1 b nei!r ?is nor ! m\lt+ has any fix$ season2 & ?is circum/ance suffici5tly expla9s ! great v>iety & diff]5ce ( col\r :i* are f\nd among ?is species4 ,^! details also %[ t ! crossbill is subject to ne>ly ! same *anges ( col\r z ! l9net1 & t ! r$ col\r :i* x be>s = ! fir/ ye> is :at peculi>ly di/+ui%es x f o!r birds4 ,"o ?+1 :i* is r rem>kable1 is1 t ! "y ones re>$ 9 ! h\se nev] take ! r$ col\r1 b rema9 grey = ! second ye>1 or *ange directly into gre5i% yell[4 ,!re are two k9ds ( crossbills1 ! great] & less]2 b ! diff]5ce is n s great z "s pret5d1 & nature is n m inv>iable 9 ! size ( birds ?an x is 9 t ( m5#bi4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ! crossbill n only inhabits ,europe1 b also all ! nor? ( ,asia & ,am]ica1 ev]y:]e frequ5t+ =e/s ( p9es & firs1 :]e ^! trees1 :i* are load$ ) cones1 furni% abundance ( food4 ,9 ! h\se x may be let range at w1 b a bran* ( fir1 or any o!r tree1 mu/ be put ne> x1 on :i* x c p]* or sleep4 ,if x be kept 9 a cage x mu/ be made ( wire2 =1 be+ s mu* dispos$ to peck & nibble1 a wick] cage w\ld soon be r$uc$ to *ips4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate ! p9e se$ is its fav\rite food2 ! %ape ( its beak is peculi>ly adapt$ = procur+ ^! se$s1 by sep>at+ ! scales ( ! cones2 x also ga!rs f ! gr\nd ^? :i* h fall51 & x does n neglect ^? ( ! fir1 & ev5 ( ! ald]4 ,:5 ^! fail x is cont5t$ ) ! buds ( ! same trees4 ,9 ! h\se1 if x be let run ab\t at lib]ty1 ! second univ]sal pa/e w be suffici5t2 b if kept 9 a cage x mu/ be f$ on hemp1 p9e1 & rape se$1 & ev5 eld]b]ries4 ,,bre$+4--,! "t ( bre$+ is v rem>kable1 be+ g5]ally 9 ! dep? ( w9t]1 f ,decemb] to ,april4 ,! ne/1 :i* is plac$ at ! top ( a p9e or fir tree1 is fir/ =m$ ( v f9e small twigs1 !re is !n a lay] ( co>se moss1 b ! int]ior is l9$ ) ! f9e/ & s(te/ moss2 x is n glu$ ) res91 z "s h said4 ,! "y crossbills be+ 9 ,?ur+ia ! object ( _m ridicul\s sup]/itions1 ! wood-cutt]s are always c>eful ( ! ne/s4 ,! numb] ( ! eggs v>ies f ?ree to five1 !y are ( a greyi% :ite1 spott$1 speckl$1 & /reak$ at ! l>ge end ) r$ br[n4 ,! heat+ nature ( _! food enables ! "y & old birds to be> ! sev]ity ( ! season4 ,! old birds fe$ _! "y ) ! food disgorg$ f _! own /oma*1 z d all ! grosbeaks4 ,?is species may be re>$ 9 ! h\se on :ite bread soak$ 9 milk1 & mix$ ) a few poppy-se$s4 ,,diseases4--,! accumulat$ vap\r f a room ) a /ove has su* an effect on ! con/itution ( ^! birds1 t !y are almo/ always ill#cj4 ,weak eyes1 swell$ & ulc]at$ feet1 are v common occurr5ces2 h5ce ! m\nta9e]s ( ,?ur+ia h tak5 x into _! heads t ^! poor birds c take ^u !mselves _! diseases & pa9s3 & x is ?is fooli% idea t induces !m always to keep "o ( ^! birds ne> !m4 ,_! sup]/iti\s extravagance c>ries !m s f>1 t !y are p]suad$ a bird ^: upp] m&ible b5ds to ! "r1 has ! p[] ( assum+ to itself ! colds & rheumatism f m52 b :5 ?is m&ible turns to ! left1 ! bird r5d]s ! same s]vice to ! wom54 ,^! simple & cr$ul\s p imag9e t no?+ is m efficaci\s aga9/ epilepsy1 ?an e day to dr9k ! wat] :i* ! bird has left1 because !y see t ^! un=tunate victims are (t5 attack$ ) ?is disease4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,) ! decoy birds no?+ is easi] ?an to take ! crossbills 9 ! autumn & spr+3 "o l>ge rod1 cov]$ ) /rong bird-lime1 is all t is necess>y4 ,x mu/ be put 9 a glade 9 ! wood :i* ^! birds frequ5t1 ) ! decoy bird by ! side2 ?is1 by its cont9ual cry1 w soon attract !m4 ,9 ,?ur+ia ! p put nooses & spr+ traps on ! top ( "s ( ! highe/ p9es1 & !re hang ! cage ( ! decoy bird2 z soon z "o crossbill has settl$1 ! o!rs foll[2 s t z _m birds are tak5 z !re are traps set1 p>ticul>ly if ! /ick ( ! spr+ traps be plac$ s t ! bird mu/ p]* on x4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! crossbill is r a silly bird2 9 ! cage its motions are l ^? ( ! p>rot2 :5 lively x sw+s its body l ! sisk91 & s+s a few %>p /ra9s1 :i* are m or less monoton\s1 accord+ to ! diff]5t p[]s ( ! song/]s--= "s ( ! males f> surpass ! o!rs 9 ?is %ort melody4 ,x is easily tam$1 c be c>ri$ ab\t any:]e on ! f+]1 & w g & return aga9 )\t w&]+4 ,,! ,,bullf9*4 ,illu/ration ,loxia pyrrhula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,b\vreuil1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,gimpel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is "o ( ! indig5\s tame birds :i* is a fav\rite ) ! ri* & noble4 ,its body is ?ick & %ort4 ,its :ole l5g? is six in*es & ?ree qu>t]s1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & ?ree qu>t]s2 ! beak is only six l9es 9 l5g?1 %ort1 ?ick1 & black2 ! iris is *e/nut-col\r$2 ! %anks eight l9es high1 & black2 ! top ( ! head1 ! circle ( ! beak1 ! *91 & beg9n+ ( ! ?roat1 are ( a beautiful velvet black2 ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 ! back1 & %\ld]s1 deep grey2 ! rump :ite2 ! "u "p ( ! neck1 ! wide brea/1 & to ! c5tre ( ! belly1 are ( a f9e v]milion1 less bright1 h[ev]1 9 ! "y ?an old2 ! blacki% p5-fea!rs become d>k] t[>ds ! body2 ! second>ies h ! out] edge ( an iron blue1 :i* 9 ! h9d] ones is r$di%4 ,! tail is r =k$1 & ( a brilliant black1 t+$ ) iron blue4 ,! female is easily di/+ui%$ f ! male1 = :at is r$ on him is r$di% grey on h]1 :ile h] back is ( a br[ni% grey1 & h] feet are n s black2 %e is also small]4 ,?is species has "s s+ul> v>ieties2 ! pr9cipal are3-- #a4 ,! ,:ite ,bullf9*1 :i* is ( an a%y :ite1 or :olly :ite1 ) d>k spots on ! back4 #b4 ,! ,black ,bullf9*4 ,^! are mo/ g5]ally females1 :i* become black1 ei!r ) age1 :5 !y are only f$ on hemp se$1 or ) hav+ be5 kept :5 "y 9 a totally d>k place4 ,"s resume at _! m\lt+ _! natural col\rs2 o!rs rema9 black2 b ?is black is n ! same 9 all2 "s are ( a brilliant rav5 black1 o!rs dull1 & n s d>k on ! belly2 9 "s ! head only is ( a rav5 black1 ! re/ ( ! body be+ dull]2 9 o!rs ! black is mix$ ) r$ spots on ! belly1 or ! latt] is entirely r$4 ,i h se5 "o 9 :i* ! head & brea/1 z well z ! upp] & "u p>ts ( ! body1 7 ( a rav5 black1 e o!r "p ( a dull black1 ) ! w+s & tail :ite2 x 0 a v h&some bird1 r l>g] ?an a r$-brea/4 #c4 ,! ,speckl$ ,bullf9*4 ,x is ?us call$1 =1 besides its natural col\rs1 x is spott$ ) black & :ite1 or :ite & a% col\r4 #d4 ,! ,mongrel ,bullf9*4 ,x is ! (fspr+ ( a female re>$ 9 ! h\se f ! ne/1 & ( a male can>y4 ,its %ape & col\r p>take ( ^? ( ! p>5t birds2 its note is v agreeable1 & s(t] ?an t ( ! can>y2 b x is v sc>ce4 ,?is union r>ely succe$s2 b :5 tri$1 a v ard5t & spirit$ can>y %\ld be *os5#ca4 #e4 ,! o!r v>ieties are3 ! ,l>ge ,bullf9*1 ab\t ! size ( a ?ru%1 & ! ,middl+1 or ,common4 ,z to dw>f birds1 :i* are n z l>ge z a *aff9*1 x is a bird-cat*]'s /ory1 = ?is diff]5ce 9 size is obs]v$ 9 all k9ds ( birds4 ,i c affirm x ) ! m c]ta9ty1 hav+ _h opportunities e ye> ( see+ hundr$s ( ^! birds1 bo? wild & tame4 ,i h ev5 9 ! same ne/ f\nd "s z small z r$-brea/s1 & o!rs z l>ge z a crossbill4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 bullf9*es are f\nd ov] ,europe & ,russia4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly common 9 ! m\nta9\s =e/s ( ,g]many4 ,! male & female nev] sep>ate dur+ ! :ole ye>4 ,9 w9t] !y w&] ab\t ev]y:]e 9 se>* ( buds4 ,9 ! h\se ^? :i* are caught 9 a sn>e are (t5 let run ab\t4 ,^! birds n be+ v unruly or v active1 a middl+-siz$ cage w d1 9 :i* ^? :i* h le>n$ songs are kept2 b !y mu/ be kept 9 sep>ate rooms1 z !y w mutually spoil _! songs if left toge!r4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ! bullf9* does n (t5 suff] f ! failure ( its food2 = x eats p9e & fir se$s1 ! fruit ( ! a% & maple1 corn1 all k9ds ( b]ries1 ! buds ( ! oak1 bee*1 & pe> trees1 & ev5 l9se$1 millet1 rape1 & nettle se$4 ,9 ! h\se ^? :i* run ab\t may be f$ on ! univ]sal pa/e1 &1 = a *ange1 rape se$ may be add$2 ^? :i* are taught mu/ be f$ only on poppy se$1 ) a little hemp se$1 & n[ & !n a little biscuit )\t spice4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ^? :i* are f$ entirely on rape se$ soak$ 9 wat] live mu* long]1 & are m heal?y4 ,! hemp se$ is too heat+1 soon] or lat] bl9ds !m1 & always br+s on a decl9e4 ,a little gre5 food1 su* z lettuce1 endive1 *ickwe$1 wat]-cresses1 a little apple1 p>ticul>ly ! k]nels1 ! b]ries ( ! s]vice tree1 & ! l1 is agreeable & salut>y to !m4 ,,bre$+4--,^! t5d]ly affectionate birds c h>dly live :5 sep>at$ f "o ano!r4 ,!y incessantly repeat _! call ) a langui%+ note1 & cont9ually c>ess4 ,!y c sometimes be made to bre$ 9 ! h\se1 l ! can>y1 b _! eggs are r>ely fruitful4 ,9 ! wild /ate !y bre$ twice e ye>1 ea* "t lay+ f ?ree to six eggs1 ( a blui% :ite1 spott$ ) violet & br[n at ! l>ge end4 ,_! ne/1 :i* !y build 9 ! mo/ retir$ "p ( a wood1 or 9 a solit>y quickset h$ge1 is con/ruct$ ) little skill1 ( twigs :i* are cov]$ ) moss4 ,! "y ones are hat*$ 9 fifte5 days4 ,^? :i* are to be taught mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 ! fea!rs ( ! tail beg9 to gr[2 & mu/ be f$ only on rape se$ soak$ 9 wat] & mix$ ) :ite bread2 eggs w\ld kill !m or make !m bl9d4 ,_! plumage is !n ( a d>k a%-col\r1 ) ! w+s & tail blacki% br[n2 ! males may be kn[n at fir/ by _! r$di% brea/2 s t :5 ^! only are wi%$ to be re>$ !y may be *os5 9 ! ne/1 = ! females are n s beautiful1 nor s easily taught4 ,al?\gh !y d n w>ble be=e !y c fe$ !mselves1 "o ne$ n wait = ?is to beg9 _! in/ruction#cb1 = x w succe$ bett]1 if "o may say s1 :5 infus$ ) _! food2 s9ce exp]i5ce proves t !y le>n ^? airs m quickly1 & rememb] !m bett]1 :i* !y h be5 taught j aft] eat+4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ sev]al times1 t ^! birds1 l ! p>rots1 are nev] m att5tive ?an dur+ dige/ion4 ,n9e mon?s ( regul> & cont9u$ in/ruction are necess>y be=e ! bird acquires :at amateurs call firmness1 = if "o ceases be=e ?is "t1 !y spoil ! air1 by suppress+ or displac+ ! diff]5t p>ts1 & !y (t5 =get x entirely at _! fir/ m\lt+4 ,9 g5]al x is a good ?+ to sep>ate !m f ! o!r birds1 ev5 aft] !y are p]fect2 because1 ow+ to _! great quickness 9 le>n+1 !y w\ld spoil ! air entirely by introduc+ wrong passages2 !y mu/ be help$ to cont9ue ! song :5 !y /op1 & ! lesson mu/ always be repeat$ :il/ !y are m\lt+1 o!rwise !y w become m]e *att]]s1 :i* w\ld be d\bly vexati\s aft] hav+ _h mu* tr\ble 9 tea*+ !m4 ,,diseases4--,^? bullf9*es :i* are caught 9 a sn>e or net are r>ely ill1 & may be pres]v$ = eight ye>s or m2 b ^? re>$ f ! ne/ are subject to _m diseases1 caus$ by _! n hav+ _! natural food1 or by ^? injuri\s delicacies :i* are always lavi%$ on fav\rite birds2 !y r>ely live m ?an six ye>s4 ,! sure/ means ( pres]v+ !m heal?y = a long "t1 is to give !m nei!r sweets nor tit-bits ( any k9d1 scrupul\sly to conf9e _! food to rape se$1 add+ n[ & !n a v little hemp se$ to please !m1 & a good deal ( ! gre5 food be=e m5tion$4 ,! bottom ( _! cages %\ld be cov]$ ) riv] s&1 z ! bird !re f9ds "s /ones :i* aid ! functions ( ! /oma*4 ,_! mo/ frequ5t diseases are m\lt+1 co/iv5ess1 di>rhoea1 epilepsy1 grief1 & melan*oly1 9 :i* case !y are q sil5t1 & rema9 immoveable1 unless ! cause c be discov]$4 ,!y mu/ n be giv5 any delicacy1 & mu/ be f$ entirely on soak$ rape se$4 ,a clove 9 _! wat]1 prop] food1 & p>ticul>ly a good deal ( refre%+ gre5 food1 enables !m to pass ! m\lt+ "t 9 good heal?4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,!re are few birds s easily attract$ by ! decoy bird z bullf9*es4 ,!y may also be tak5 by any ( ! usual means4 ,9 w9t] numb]s may be caught by a noose1 by hang+ to x su* b]ries z ! bird likes2 9 spr+ & autumn !y may be caught 9 ! area or b>n floor trap2 & provid$ !y see b]ries !re1 ! decoy bird is n want$2 x is suffici5t if "o imitates _! s(t cry ( tui1 tui1 9 ! hut4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,al?\gh ! song ( ! male & female bullf9*1 9 _! wild /ate1 is v h>% & disagreeable1 yet if well taught :ile "y1 z !y are 9 ,hesse & ,fulda1 :]e !re are s*ools ( ^! little musicians1 = all ,g]many1 ,holl&1 & ,engl&1 !y le>n to :i/le all k9ds ( airs & melodies ) s s(t & flute-l a tone1 t !y are great fav\rites ) amateurs1 & p>ticul>ly ) ! ladies4 ,!re are "s ( ^! little birds :i* c :i/le di/9ctly ?ree diff]5t airs1 )\t spoil+ or confus+ !m 9 ! lea/4 ,add$ to ?is attraction ! bullf9* becomes exce$+ly tame1 s+s :5ev] x is told to d s1 & is susceptible ( a mo/ t5d] & la/+ atta*m5t1 :i* x %[s by its ende>+ actions2 x balances its body1 moves its tail f "r to left1 & spreads x l a fan4 ,x w ev5 repeat words1 ) an acc5t & tone :i* indicates s5sibility1 if "o c\ld believe t x und]/ood !m2 b its memory mu/ n be ov]load$4 ,a s+le air1 ) a prelude or a %ort fl\ri% to beg9 )1 is z mu* z ! bird c le>n & rememb]1 & ?is x w execute to ! greate/ p]fection4 ,^! little prodigies w\ld be m int]e/+ & agreeable1 if _! ,hessian in/ructors possess$ a little musical ta/e1 b ^! are g5]ally tradespeople1 employ$ ab\t ! h\se ) _! diff]5t occupations & trades2 & hymns1 airs1 & m9uets ( a hundr$ ye>s old1 public h\se songs1 or "s le>nt ( _! appr5tices1 9 g5]al compose ! :ole ( _! music4 ,! bullf9* c also imitate ! songs ( o!r birds2 b 9 g5]al x is n p]mitt$ to d s1 t x may only le>n to repeat ! airs :i* are taught x4 ,diff]5t degrees ( capacity are %[n "h1 z well z 9 o!r animals4 ,"o "y bullf9* le>ns ) ease & quickness1 ano!r ) difficulty & sl[ly2 ! =m] w repeat1 )\t hesitation1 sev]al p>ts ( a song2 ! latt] w be h>dly able to :i/le "o1 aft] n9e mon?s' un9t]rupt$ tea*+4 ,b x has be5 rem>k$ t ^? birds :i* le>n ) mo/ difficulty rememb] ! songs1 :i* h once be5 well le>nt1 bett] & long]1 & r>ely =get !m1 ev5 :5 m\lt+4 ,mr4 ,?iem#cc1 bird-sell]1 at ,walt]%aus51 ne> ,go?a1 s5ds annually to ,b]l9 & ,london "o or two hundr$ bullf9*es1 in/ruct$ 9 ?is mann]1 at f "o to sev]al p\nds /]l+ a-piece1 accord+ z !y are m or less accompli%$1 :il/ a wild "o w\ld co/ only two or ?ree p5ce4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are also kept 9 ! room & priz$1 bo? on acc\nt ( _! beauty & ! great ease ) :i* !y are tam$2 !y soon le>n to fly on ! h&1 to receive _! food1 or w ev5 take x f ! m\?1 & become at la/ z famili> z if !y _h be5 re>$ f ! ne/4 ,! foll[+ are ! means :i* are employ$ to tame !m3--,z soon z a bullf9* is caught & br\ght into ! room1 x mu/ be put into a cage ) food suffici5t = ! fir/ day only2 = ! loss ( its lib]ty does n prev5t its eat+ z soon z x is dis5gag$ f ! lime twigs or noose4 ,! next day a b& mu/ be put r\nd ! body & w+s1 l t :i* bird-cat*]s put r\nd a decoy bird1 :i* !y let run ab\t out ( doors2 by means ( ?is b& ! bullf9* may be fa/5$ by a piece ( pack?read1 a foot 9 l5g?1 to "s place f :i* x _c fall2 ?is w prev5t its beat+ itself to dea? ) its w+s2 a little bell may be fa/5$ to a box1 :i* :5 fill$ ) food mu/ be giv5 to ! bird1 at ! same "t r++ ! bell2 x mu/ be !n left t x may eat2 ?is mu/ be repeat$ sev]al times 9 ! day2 ! same mu/ be done :5 x is giv5 any?+ to dr9k4 ,! poor little captive w n at fir/ ei!r eat or dr9k 9 any "o's pres5ce2 x is !re=e necess>y to retire = ! two fir/ days aft] hav+ giv5 x ! box1 & only approa* x by degrees1 till x is accu/om$ to eat 9 ! pres5ce ( its ma/]1 :i* x w soon be1 = g5]ally on ! ?ird day1 z soon z x he>s ! bell & sees ! box1 x hops =w>d1 & eats )\t ! lea/ %yness4 ,!n ! di/ance mu/ be increas$ by degrees to make x come f>!r & f>!r1 :51 z soon z x has eat51 x may be tak5 on ! h& & c>ri$ "h & !re1 ?\gh x may seem a little fright5$1 b n be+ able to escape x w soon become us$ to ?is treatm5t1 & w ev5 beg9 to come to eat on ! h& by cont9u+ to d ?is = ! ?ird & f\r? days2 x w fly ( itself at ! s\nd ( ! bell to ! h& :i* holds ! box2 aft] ?is ! fa/5+ may be loos5$1 & if "o only move f ! bird gradually1 x w fe>lessly approa* & p]* on ! h&4 ,%\ld x escape1 h[ev]1 x mu/ be aga9 conf9$ & left )\t food = "s h\rs4 ,by ?is means a wild bullf9* w 9 eight days become accu/om$ to fly imm$iately to ! h&1 or :]ev] x he>s ! bell2 9 ord] to f9i% its education1 x is well to increase ! difficulty ( gett+ at its food1 by putt+ x 9 a small bag ) a v little op5+2 x mu/ also only h rape se$ 9 ! cage1 keep+ ! hemp se$1 :i* x likes be/1 = ! h& or little bag4 ,x may be taught to dr9k out ( "o's m\? by keep+ x )\t wat] = five or six h\rs4 ,x may ev5 be accu/om$ to g & return1 provid$ ! h\se is n too ne> a wood4 ,! sure/ means ( prev5t+ too long an abs5ce is to put a female bullf9* 9 a cage 9 ! w9d[1 or to leave h] 9 ! room ) h] w+ clipp$2 its affection w soon br+ x back to h]1 & x w c]ta9ly nev] ab&on h] altoge!r4 ,tame bullf9*es h be5 kn[n 7says ,buffon7 to escape f ! avi>y1 & live at lib]ty 9 ! woods = a :ole ye>1 & !n to recollect ! voice ( ! p]son :o _h re>$ !m1 return to h]1 nev] m to leave h]4 ,o!rs h be5 kn[n1 :i* :5 =c$ to leave _! fir/ ma/]1 h di$ ( grief4 ,^! birds rememb] v well1 & (t5 too well1 any "o :o has injur$ !m4 ,"o ( !m hav+ be5 ?r[n d[n1 ) its cage1 by "s ( ! l[e/ ord] ( p1 did n seem at fir/ mu* di/urb$ by x1 b aft]w>ds x w\ld fall into convulsions z soon z x saw any %abbily dress$ p]son1 & x di$ 9 "o ( ^! fits eight mon?s aft] ! fir/ accid5t4 ,a bullf9*1 belong+ to a lady (t5 m5tion$ be=e1 be+ subject to v frightful dreams1 :i* made x fall f its p]*1 & beat itself 9 ! cage1 no soon] he>d ! affectionate voice ( its mi/ress ?an1 not)/&+ ! d>kness ( ! night1 x became imm$iately tranquil1 & re-asc5d$ its p]* to sleep aga94 ,x 0 v fond ( *ickwe$1 & z soon z x p]ceiv$ "o br++ x to him1 h[ev] mu* c>e 0 tak5 to prev5t its f9d+ x easily1 x w\ld %[ its joy by its actions & cries4 ,,! ,,gre5 ,,bird4 ,loxia *loris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,v]di]1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,grnl+1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is r l>g] ?an ! *aff9*1 be+ six in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half2 ! beak five l9es 9 l5g?4 ,! iris is d>k br[n2 ! %anks are eight in*es 9 height1 & ( a blui% fle% col\r4 ,! prevail+ col\r ( ! plumage is yell[i% gre51 light] on ! l[] "p ( ! body1 /ill m s on ! rump & brea/1 & %ad+ to :ite on ! belly4 ,! female1 :i* is small]1 is /ill m di/+ui%$ by ! gre5i% br[n ( ! upp] "p1 & ! a%-col\r r ?an yell[i% gre5 ( ! l[] "p ( ! body2 %e has besides "s yell[ spots on ! brea/1 & ! :ole belly is r :ite ?an yell[4 ,sportsm5 & bird-cat*]s m5tion ?ree k9ds ( gre5 birds1 namely1 ! l>ge1 :i* is ev]y:]e ( a beautiful yell[2 ! middle siz$1 ! "u "p ( ! body ( :i* is light yell[2 & ! little1 :i* !y say is r gre5i% ?an yell[2 b all ?is v>iety dep5ds ^u ! diff]5t ages ( ! bird1 z well z its /r5g?1 & m or less beautiful t9ts ( its plumage4 ,:at mu* m des]ves to be rem>k$ is ! mule1 :i* is ! (fspr+ ( a gre5 bird1 & a female can>y2 x has a /rong body2 its col\rs are gre5 & grey1 mix$ ) yell[1 :5 ! female can>y is yell[2 b x is always a bad s+]4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ! gre5 bird may be f\nd ov] all ,europe1 ?\gh n (t5 f> nor?4 ,x may be se5 dur+ summ]1 9 h$ges1 & on ! bord]s ( woods1 & always :]e !re are sev]al trees ne> toge!r2 dur+ w9t] x w&]s into diff]5t prov9ces1 9 l>ge & num]\s flocks2 b 9 ,m>* x beg9s to return f ^! j\rneys4 ,9 ! h\se x may ei!r be let range free1 or be %ut up 9 an avi>y ) o!r birds1 :]e x is always v peaceable z long z x has suffici5t food2 b :5 t fails1 x p]*es itself on ! g5]al food-draw]1 & keeps x det]m9$ly1 peck+ x ) its beak s clev]ly t no o!r bird c approa*3 %\ld "o v5ture1 x is soon oblig$ to g away or lose its fea!rs2 o!rwise ?is bird is z quiet & tame 9 ! h\se z x is wild & active :5 at lib]ty4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x seems to l all k9ds ( se$1 ev5 t ( ! milk ?i/le1 :i* all o!r birds dislike4 ,9 ! h\se1 :5 x ranges at w1 ! second univ]sal pa/e s well agrees ) x t x becomes q fat2 h[ev]1 z a v>iety1 rape & hemp se$ may be ?r[n to x2 if 9 a cage x mu/ only be f$ 9 summ] ) rape se$1 except a little hemp se$1 :i* may be giv5 aft] m\lt+1 to make x s+4 ,lettuce1 *ickwe$ & o!r gre5 food1 always agree ) x1 & ev5 ! b]ries ( ! junip] tree4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/1 :i* is almo/ always plac$ 9 a h$ge1 on a l>ge bran* ne> ! trunk ( a tree1 or on ! top ( an old will[-tree1 is firmly built ) wool1 moss1 & li*51 & l9$ ) v f9e roots & bri/les4 ,! female lays1 twice a ye>1 f\r or five po9t$ eggs1 ( a silv] hue1 spott$ ) light violet or br[n4 ,! "y are at fir/ ( a gre5i% grey2 "s yell[ t9ts1 h[ev]1 may already be se5 9 ! male4 ,:5 re>$ f ! ne/1 x le>ns1 ?\gh ) difficulty1 to imitate ! diff]5t songs ( h\se-birds2 &1 z x almo/ always happ5s ) sl[ memories1 hav+ once le>nt a ?+ x nev] =gets x4 ,x also s+s ?r\gh ! :ole ye>2 x %\ld !re=e be taught by a bird ^: song is agreeable1 = in/ance1 a *aff9*1 & !n "o w\ld h ! pleasure ( he>+ x )\t int]ruption ?r\gh all ! seasons4 ,,diseases4--,! con/itution ( ! gre5 bird be+ v /rong & heal?y1 x is r>ely subject to disease4 ,x may be kept 9 good heal? = twelve ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,if ! decoy bird be a good "o1 ! gre5 bird may be easily caught 9 ! area or b>n-floor trap1 ev5 9 ,decemb]4 ,9 ! spr+ x may be tak5 ) bird-lime on ! lure-bu%1 :5 a l9net w d = ! song/ress4 ,9 ord] to make x eat soon1 a little cru%$ hemp se$ %\ld be ?r[n 9 ! bottom ( its cage4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,)\t be+ h&some its song is n disagreeable2 x may also be taught to repeat words2 b its greate/ m]it is ! wond]ful ease ) :i* x is tam$1 equall+1 & ev5 surpass+ ! bullf9* 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,x may n only be accu/om$ to g & return aga91 b also to build 9 a room ne> an or*>d1 or 9 a summ]-h\se 9 ! g>d54 ,! foll[+ are ! means :i* mu/ be tak5 to make x d ?is3--- ,aft] hav+ tak5 ! "y f ! ne/ !y mu/ be put 9 a cage1 & plac$ at ! foot ( ! tree 9 :i* ?is ne/ is built1 9 a place dug = ! purpose1 & on ! cage a tit z a decoy4 ,:5 left !re1 ! old birds come to fe$ _! "y1 & are caught 9 ! sn>e4 ,z soon z !y are tak51 !y mu/ all be br\ght into ! h\se1 :]e ! old & "y mu/ be put toge!r 9 any avi>y1 or l>ge cage1 till ! latt] c fly2 ! w9d[ may !n be op5$ = !m to g out1 b hung] w soon br+ !m back4 ,z soon z !y h ex]cis$ _! w+s1 ! old birds %\ld be plac$ on ! table 9 ! w9d[ to call !m back4 ,9 "t1 !y become s famili> t !y w accompany "o 9 a walk1 & !re is no fe> ( _! fly+ away4 ,if !y are n tak5 ?us1 x is necess>y to wait = w9t] & sn[ to let !m g out1 & if !y pr(it by ! p]mission1 to call !m back by "s ( _! species plac$ 9 a cage 9 ! w9d[4 ,if y wi% to be q sure ( success1 y h only to put a bo>d 9 ! w9d[1 on :i* two females ) _! w+s cut1 c run ab\t1 g out1 & return4 ,! gre5 bird likes to build ne> can>ies1 & z ^! are good nurses1 !y are giv5 ! eggs ( ! gre5 bird1 :i*1 l ! goldf9*es & sisk9s1 le>ns to draw up its wat] & food4 ,,! ,,p9e ,,grosbeak4 ,loxia ,enuclator1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,durbec1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,fi*t5k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is "o ( ! l>ge/ species ( grosbeak t we h1 equall+ ! ,bohemian *att]] 9 size4 ,its l5g? is eight in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree2 ! beak is %ort & ?ick1 measur+ only six l9es2 its col\r is br[n1 ! iris d>k br[n2 ! feet are f twelve to ?irte5 l9es high1 & blacki%2 ! head1 neck1 brea/ & rump are ( a light v]milion1 ) blui% t9ts2 ! fea!rs on ! back & ! less] w+ cov]ts are black1 ) r$di% edges4 ,! female is g5]ally ( a greyi% gre51 ) "s scatt]$ r$di% & yell[i% t9ts1 pr9cipally on ! top ( ! head4 ,x is n yet well kn[n if ?is bird has ! same *anges ( col\r z ! crossbill1 s9ce m yell[ ones h be5 f\nd ?an r$4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t ! same ?+s take place 9 ! h\se z out ( doors4 ,!y acquire ! yell[ r$1 n only aft] ! fir/ m\lt+1 b ev5 be=e x4 ,?is *ange beg9s fir/ r\nd ! beak1 desc5ds aft]w>ds to ! back & brea/1 & at la/ gradually ext5ds ov] ! :ole body1 s t :at 0 r$ be=e becomes yell[2 ?is yell[ is d>k] ?an citron2 all ! r$ & yell[ fea!rs are a%-col\r at ! base4 ,! "y are br[ni%1 ) a slight %ade ( yell[4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ! col\r ( ! males is light r$2 x is only aft] ?is t !y become d>k] v]milion or crimson2 ^! birds are caught 9 autumn & w9t]1 ei!r 9 ! noose or net1 ) eld] or s]vice b]ries z a lure4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird is f\nd 9 all ! nor!rn regions ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica1 & 9 ,europe r>ely passes ! fifty-?ird degree ( latitude4 ,x frequ5ts ! p9e & fir =e/s1 ! se$s ( :i* =m its food2 9 w9t] x quits ^! places 9 se>* ( b]ries2 ?is is :at ranks x among ! erratic birds4 ,!y are s /upid1 t 9 ! nor? !y are easily caught ) a circle ( brass wire fix$ to ! end ( a long pole1 to :i* are fa/5$ "s horse-hair r+s1 :i* are simply pass$ ov] ! head ( ! bird4 ,!y are (t5 caught & kept 9 cages1 z !y are lik$1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! ease ) :i* !y are tam$1 & ( _! song1 :i* is v agreeable2 !y w ev5 sometimes s+ 9 ! night1 & always pres]ve _! song ?r\gh ! :ole ye>1 :ile ! wild only s+ 9 ! spr+4 ,,hawf9*4 ,loxia cocco?rau/es1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,grosbec1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,"o mu/ be a v great bird fanci] to wi% to h ?is bird 9 ! h\se4 ,its l5g? is sev5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures two in*es & a ?ird4 ,! beak1 :i* is v ?ick 9 proportion to ! re/ ( ! body1 is l a l>ge blunt cone1 d>k blue 9 summ]1 & fle%-col\r$1 ) ! tip black1 9 w9t]2 ! slim feet are n9e l9es 9 height1 & ( a pale crimson2 ! yell[i% br[n ( ! =ehead unites ) ! light *e/nut on ! top ( ! head & *eeks2 ! circle ( ! head is black1 & =ms1 "u ! *91 a l>ge squ>e spot2 ! nape ( ! neck & upp] "p ( ! back are ( a f9e a%-grey1 ! l[] "p is ( a d>k br[n1 ) "s %ades ( grey on ! rump4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bre$+ ,,cage4 ,9 ! females1 ! *eeks1 head1 & upp] tail cov]ts are ( a greyi% *e/nut col\r2 ! ?roat1 w+s1 & tail r br[n ?an black1 ! spot on ! w+s greyi%1 ! "u "p ( ! body r$di% grey1 %ad+ to :ite on ! belly4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 x may be f\nd 9 all ! temp]ate p>ts ( ,europe & ,russia4 ,x is v common among ! m\nta9\s c\ntries ( ,g]many1 :]e ! bee* prevails 9 ! =e/s4 ,x is r an erratic bird ?an a bird ( passage1 & its excursions are end$ 9 ,m>*4 ,sonn9i says1 h[ev]1 t he has se5 x dur+ w9t]1 9 ,egypt1 ) ! blackbirds & ?ru%es1 & its excursions are end$ 9 ,m>*4 ,9 ! h\se x is g5]ally kept 9 a l>ge wire cage1 :]e x is soon tam$4 ,x may also be let run ab\t1 provid$ x has n too _m companions1 & t x has food 9 abundance1 = x is a v qu>relsome bird4 ,,food4--,9 its wild /ate x eats _m diff]5t ?+s2 ! fruit ( ! bee*1 elm1 a%1 & maple2 ! b]ries ( ! junip]1 s]vice-tree1 & :ite-?orn2 *]ries & plums1 ! /ones ( :i* x breaks ) ! greate/ ease1 to eat ! k]nel2 hemp se$1 cabbage1 radi%1 & lettuce se$ also =m a "p ( its food4 ,9 ! h\se1 if conf9$ 9 ! cage1 x is cont5t$ ) rape & hemp-se$2 & if x run ab\t1 ) ! second univ]sal pa/e4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/ is well built2 ! eggs1 f ?ree to five 9 numb]1 are gre5i% grey1 spott$ ) br[n1 & /reak$ ) blacki% blue4 ,! "y1 :5 re>$ f ! ne/1 w become s tame z to eat f ! h&1 & w c\rage\sly def5d itself ) its beak aga9/ ! dogs & cats2 x may also be accu/om$ to g & come4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! ha/e ) :i* ^! birds come on he>+ ! call1 makes x v easy to cat* !m 9 ! net1 by ?r[+ b]ries or hemp se$ on ! trap4 ,9 autumn & w9t] !y may be tak5 by ! noose1 ) s]vice-b]ries2 9 spr+ !y may be caught by plac+ lime twigs on ! ne/4 ,! loss ( _! lib]ty does n prev5t _! eat+ imm$iately rape or hemp se$4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,i confess t x has v few2 its song is less agreeable ?an any ( ! o!rs'1 x is a k9d ( l[ :i/l+1 mix$ ) "s h>% tones2 b its great tam5ess may please2 x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to gu>d "o's self f its beak4 ,,! ,,c>d9al ,,grosbeak1 ,,or ,,virg9ian ,,night+ale4 ,loxia c>d9alis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,c>d9al hupp1 ou ,rossignol de ,virg9ie1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,c>d9al ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is eight in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree4 ,its beak is /rong & light r$1 l its feet2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! head is ornam5t$ ) a tuft1 :i*1 :5 rais$1 is po9t$2 ! ?roat & ! "p r\nd ! beak are black2 ! re/ ( ! body is ( a beautiful bright r$2 ! p5 & tail-fea!rs are less brilliant1 & br[n on ! ant]ior "p4 ,! female is 9 g5]al ( a r$di% br[n4 ,,obs]vations4--,! beautiful song ( ?is grosbeak is s l t ( ! night+ale1 t ?is "n has be5 giv5 x2 b its voice is s /rong t x pi]ces ! e>s4 ,x s+s ?r\gh ! :ole ye>1 except dur+ ! "t ( m\lt+4 ,9 its wild /ate1 its pr9cipal food is ! se$ ( ! ,indian corn & buck-:eat2 x collects a consid]able quantity ( ?is food1 :i* x skilfully cov]s ) leaves & twigs1 only leav+ a v small hole1 z ! entrance to ?is magaz9e4 ,9 ! cage x is f$ ) millet1 rape se$1 hemp se$1 & ! l1 :i* agree ) x v well4 ,"s p]sons h endeav\r$ to make x bre$ 9 l>ge avi>ies 9 ! middle ( g>d5s1 b ,i d n "k t x has ev] succe$$4 ,9 ,g]many x is v de>1 be+ z mu* z six or eight p\nds /]l+ = a pair4 ,,! ,,java ,,sp>r[1 ,,or ,,rice ,,bird4 ,loxia orycivora1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,padda1 ou ,oiseau de ,riz1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,reisk]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ab\t ! size ( a bullf9*1 & five in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak is ?ick1 & ( a f9e rose col\r2 ! feet are pal]2 ! eyelids nak$1 & edg$ ) rose col\r2 ! head1 ?roat1 & /reak :i* surr\nds ! *eeks1 are black2 ! *eeks are :ite2 ! rump1 tail1 & great] p5-fea!rs are black1 b all ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body1 ! w+-cov]ts1 h9d] p5-fea!rs1 & brea/1 are ( a d>k grey2 ! belly purple grey2 ! l[] tail-cov]ts :ite4 ,! :ole plumage1 says ,buffon1 is s well arrang$1 t no "o fea!r passes ano!r1 & !y all appe> d[ny1 or r cov]$ ) t k9d ( bloom :i* y see on plums2 ?is gives !m a v beautiful t9t4 ,9 ! female ! col\rs are r light] on ! back & belly3 ! "y are n only pal]1 b also irregul>ly spott$ ) d>k br[n on ! *eeks & l[] "p ( ! belly4 ,,obs]vations4--,!re are few vessels com+ f ,java & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope t d n br+ numb]s ( ^! birds1 :i* h z bad a "* 9 ^? c\ntries1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,*9a1 _! native place1 z ! sp>r[s h among/ u1 on acc\nt ( ! ravages !y make 9 ! rice fields4 ,!y h no?+ attractive b _! beauty1 = _! song is %ort & monoton\s4 ,!y co/ f\r or five p\nds /]l+ a pair 9 ,g]many4 ,,! ,,waxbill4 ,loxia ,a/rild1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,sngali ray1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,geme9e ,s5egali/1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is h>dly l>g] ?an a gold5-cre/$ wr51 its l5g? be+ f\r in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail measures two in*es2 ! beak is r r\gh at ! base1 & ( a d>k r$2 ! b& :i* crosses ! eyes1 ! c5tre ( ! brea/ & belly1 are r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is br[n1 & ! l[] r$di% grey1 ! :ole /reak$ ) transv]se blacki% l9es1 :i* become f9] z !y approa* ! head2 ! quill-fea!rs are br[n1 z well z ! tail1 :i* is w$ge-%ap$1 & /reak$ ) d>k] transv]se l9es2 ! feet are br[n4 ,^! birds *ange col\r l ! am&ava f9*2 ?us "s are f\nd ) ! tail entirely br[n1 o!rs :i* h ! rump crimson1 & ! re/ ( ! body br[n above & :ite bel[1 & "s h ! belly yell[1 & ! back spott$ ) :ite2 !re are "s1 inde$1 :i* h ! neck & ?roat blui%1 ! "u "p ( ! body :ite1 mix$ ) iron col\r1 & ! upp] "p blue4 ,,obs]vations4--,!y inhabit ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 ,s5egal1 ,angola1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & may ev5 be f\nd z f> z ,india1 :5ce !y are br\ght to ,europe4 ,_! beautiful %ape1 _! amiable disposition1 & ! affection :i* !y %[ to e "o indiscrim9ately1 r5d] !m su* fav\rites1 t a doz5 may be (t5 se5 9 "o cage4 ,_! song is sc>cely any ?+4 ,!y are f$ on millet1 :i* also =ms _! food 9 _! native c\ntry1 to ! damage ( ! fields :i* are s[n ) x4 ,!y approa* villages l our sp>r[s2 !y are caught 9 traps made ( ! %ell ( a g\rd1 & cut l a b[l1 on :i* "s millet is scatt]$4 ,,! ,,am&ava4 ,fr+illa am&ava1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,b5gali ,piquet1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,getieg]te ,b5gali/1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is beautiful little bird1 :i* is br\ght to ,europe 9 great numb]s f ,b5gal1 ,java1 ,malacca1 & o!r tropical c\ntries ( ,asia1 is only f\r in*es long1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & a ?ird4 ,mo/ orni?ologi/s class x ) ! sp>r[s1 b x seems to me t x belongs r to ! grosbeaks4 ,its beak is %ort & ?ick1 be+ only f\r l9es 9 l5g?1 & ! diamet] at ! base measur+ ?ree4 ,its col\r is deep bright r$2 ! iris is also r$2 ! feet are six l9es 9 height1 & ( a pale fle%-col\r2 9 ! male ! head & "u "p ( ! body are ( a fi]y r$1 ! upp] "p ( a d>k grey1 b ! fea!rs h a broad r$ edge1 s t ?is col\r seems to prevail2 ?us ! edge ( ! fea!rs on ! rump make x appe> ( a brilliant orange1 ?\gh1 l ! belly1 x is prop]ly black2 ! fea!rs ( ! back1 tail1 sides ( ! brea/ & belly1 ! w+-cov]ts1 h9d] quill-fea!rs1 & bo? tail-cov]ts1 are t]m9at$ at ! tip ) %9+ :ite spots1 :i* are l>ge/ on ! h9d] quill-fea!rs1 & l>g] w+-cov]ts1 ! col\r ( :i* is o!rwise black4 ,! female is "o ?ird small] ?an ! male2 "p ( ! upp] m&ible is black2 ! head & upp] "p ( ! body1 includ+ ! w+-cov]ts1 are ( a d>k a%-col\r2 ! fea!rs on ! rump h only an orange edge1 ) a light tip2 ! *eeks are ( a light grey2 ! "u "p ( ! body is pale sulphur1 ! p5-fea!rs blacki%2 ! great] & less] w+-cov]ts are f9ely speckl$ ) :ite2 ! tips ( ! tail-fea!rs are greyi% :ite4 ,! male v>ies 9 its col\rs = sev]al ye>s be=e x p]man5tly acquires ^? above describ$3 x may be se5 ) ! back grey1 slightly t9t$ ) r$1 ! belly black1 speckl$ ) yell[2 o!rs ) ! back r$di% grey1 spott$ ) bright r$1 & ! belly ( a sulphur yell[1 ) black r+s1 & m or less speckl$1 c4 ,,obs]vations4--,^! birds are z sociable z ! waxbills2 if !re %\ld be tw5ty or ?irty 9 ! same cage1 !y p]* close aga9/ "o ano!r on ! same p]*2 &1 :at is m s+ul>1 !y nev] s+ toge!r1 b "o aft] ano!r1 ! re/ keep+ q sil5t to li/5 to ! song/]4 ,_! song resembles t ( ! hay bird1 & cont9ues ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,! females d n s+2 ^? are wrong :o ?9k ! contr>y4 ,!y are v active1 (t5 b[+ & spread+ _! tail l a fan4 ,9 _! native c\ntry _! food consi/s ( diff]5t se$s1 p>ticul>ly millet2 ?is is also giv5 x 9 ! cage1 z well z can>y se$4 ,!y eat & dr9k a great deal4 ,!y w live f six to t5 ye>s4 ,,! ,,p>adise ,,grosbeak4 ,loxia ery?rocephala1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,c>d9al d',angola1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,p>idiese-,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is ab\t six in*es long2 ! beak & feet are fle%-col\r$1 ! head & *9 r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 ! back1 rump1 & w+-cov]ts1 blui% grey2 ! upp] tail-cov]ts are edg$ ) grey2 ! "u "p ( ! body :ite1 ) d>k br[n spots on ! sides2 ! w+-cov]ts :ite at ! tip1 :i* =ms two transv]se /reaks on ! w+s2 ! p5 & tail-fea!rs are ( a d>k grey1 ) light] tips4 ,! female does n diff] f ! male4 ,,obs]vations4--,! male s+s ?r\gh ! :ole ye>1 b its voice is s weak t ! lea/ noise ov]p[]s x4 ,9 ,engl& ?is species has be5 made to bre$ 9 an avi>y4 ,its food is millet & rape se$1 & sometimes a little hemp se$4 ,,! ,,r$bill4 ,loxia sangu9iro/ris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,becsangu91 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,ro?s*blig] ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is pretty little bird is ?ree in*es & a half long1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o in*1 & ! beak f\r l9es4 ,! feet are n9e l9es 9 height1 ! middle claw measures five l9es & ! side ones f\r4 ,! beak is /rong1 r nak$ at ! =ehead1 & ( a d>k blood r$2 ! feet are ( a v r$ col\r1 ! claws black2 ! eyelids r$1 & irides orange2 ! circle ( ! beak1 includ+ ! =ehead1 eyes1 & *91 is black2 ! top ( ! head ru/-col\r1 m or less approa*+ to r$1 scatt]$ ) blacki% spots1 =m$ by ! black ( ! fea!rs2 ! "u "p ( ! body ( a br[ni% r$1 cl\d$ ) :ite1 & light] on ! sides & ! l[] "p ( ! belly1 ! :ole spott$ ) black 9 ! "y birds1 b ) no spots 9 ! old ones4 ,! female is altoge!r light]1 & has no black on ! head1 b two d>k grey /reaks above & "u ! eyes2 ! "u "p ( ! body is only r$di% grey4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species is f\nd on ! coa/s ( ,africa1 9 ,b5gal1 & o!r p>ts ( ,asia4 ,x is a v agreeable bird1 & ?\gh its voice is weak its song is only ! m melodi\s4 ,a male & female put toge!r 9 a cage seem to be tak5 up ) _! mutual affection1 always fe$+ & c>ess+ ea* o!r4 ,!y are f$ on cru%$ can>y & hemp se$1 :i* pres]ves !m 9 good heal? = sev]al ye>s4 ,! room 9 :i* !y are kept mu/ be heat$ dur+ w9t]4 ,,! ,,dom9ican4 ,loxia ,dom9icana1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,p>o>e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,dom9ican] ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ab\t ! size ( a l>k4 ,! upp] "p ( ! beak is br[n1 & ! l[] light fle%-col\r2 ! feet are grey2 ! front ( ! head1 ! ?roat1 & "p ( ! neck r$2 ! back ( ! head is blacki%1 ) a slight mixture ( :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird comes f ,brazil1 & possesses no?+ attractive b its beauty4 ,its song is m]ely an occasional call4 ,9 ,g]many x co/s ?ree p\nds /]l+4 ,,! ,,gr5adi]4 ,loxia orix1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,c>d9al du ,cap de ,bonne ,esprance1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,gr5adi] ,k]nbeiss]1 od] ,feu]vogel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ab\t ! size ( a sp>r[4 ,! beak is black2 iris *e/nut2 feet d>k fle%-col\r2 =ehead1 sides ( ! head1 *91 l[] "p ( ! brea/ & belly blacki%2 ! ?roat1 top ( ! head & brea/1 rump1 v5t1 & tail are ( a fi]y r$1 or brilliant c>m9e1 & s(t1 l velvet4 ,,v>ieties4--#a4 ,a black spot on ! *92 ?ighs r$4 #b4 ,tail d>k br[n1 ) a greyi% :ite bord]4 ,9 ! female ! beak is rav5 black1 ! upp] "p ( ! body d>k br[n1 ) light grey edges to ! fea!rs2 ! head d>k grey1 ) a :iti% /reak :i* passes above ! eyes2 ! "u "p ( ! body light grey4 ,f ?is x seems to be v l ! h\se sp>r[2 its plumage is1 h[ev]1 altoge!r light]4 ,! male takes ^! col\rs1 9 ! h\se1 at ! second m\lt+1 b ! /reaks are d>k]1 ! fea!rs ( ! upp] "p ( ! body be+ blacki%1 ) broad bord]s ( r$di% grey2 ! /reak above ! eyes is ( a pale sulphur4 ,:5 wild1 ! males1 imm$iately aft] pair+1 :i* is 9 ,janu>y1 lose _! r$ fea!rs1 & become l ! females1 b h !m aga9 9 ,july1 ab\t ! "t ( ! second bre$+ season4 ,!y are pretty :il/ m\lt+1 :5 ! head & body are speckl$1 ! tail & neck /ill rema9+ r$4 ,,obs]vations4--,^! birds1 :i* are v num]\s 9 all ! colonies at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 d z mu* mis*ief !re to ! fl[]s & e>s ( corn1 z ! sp>r[s d 9 ,europe4 ,:5 retir+ by ?\s&s 9 ! ev5+1 f ! fields to ! re$s1 !y make su* a noise ) _! *irp+ z may be he>d to a great di/ance4 ,_! call is l ! sp>r[s' dib1 dib1 & _! song z weak z t ( ! sisk92 ! ne/ is skilfully con/ruct$ ) small twigs int]wov5 ) cotton1 & has b "o op5+1 ) two comp>tm5ts1 "o above ! o!r1 ! upp] = ! male & ! l[] = ! female2 ! eggs are gre54 ,^! birds1 :5 kept 9 a cage1 are f$ on can>y se$4 ,! male & female nev] l to be sep>at$2 !re is no in/ance1 h[ev]1 ( _! bre$+ 9 ^! climates4 ,,! ,,cape ,,f9*4 ,loxia ,cap5sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,p9son noir et jaune1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,caps*e ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,i h "o ( ^! birds1 :i* is ab\t ! size ( a bullf9*3 its l5g? is six in*es & a qu>t]1 ( :i* ! tail1 :i* is r w$ge-%ap$1 measures two & a half4 ,! beak is :iti% above1 v mu* compress$ on ! sides1 & v po9t$2 ! iris d>k br[n2 feet d>k fle%-col\r4 ,! head1 neck1 top ( ! back1 all ! "u "p ( ! body1 & ! tail are ( a f9e velvet black4 ,! female1 :i* is light br[n1 has a black spot 9 ! c5tre ( ea* fea!r2 ! sides ( ! head & great] w+-cov]ts are grey :ite1 /reak$ ) black2 ! less] cov]ts & ! rump ( a light yell[2 ! tail-fea!rs edg$ ) grey2 ! beak pale or rav5 grey4 ,! plumage ( ! male aft] pair+ is l t ( ! female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird1 :i* comes f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope lives v well 9 ! h\se2 x is kept 9 a cage1 alone or ) ! female1 & f$ ) hemp & can>y se$4 ,9 its native c\ntry x frequ5ts ! edges ( /reams & riv]s1 fe$s on se$s1 b is n s mis*iev\s z ! prec$+4 ,! eggs are grey1 spott$ ) black4 ,x is said to be nice to eat4 ,,! ,,caffr>ian ,,f9*4 ,loxia ,caffra1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,caffre1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,mohr5 ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is v little l>g] ?an ! bullf9*1 b its long & rais$ tail is ab\t twice ! l5g? ( its body3 x is only ornam5t$ ) x dur+ ! pair+ season4 ,! beak is br[n grey2 ! feet grey2 ! prevail+ col\r ( ! plumage is velvet black2 ! %\ld]s are r$2 ! cov]ts :ite2 ! p5-fea!rs br[n grey1 ) a :ite bord]4 ,! female is always grey1 & has only a little r$ on ! %\ld]s4 ,! male acquires its beautiful black plumage at ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 & loses x 9 ,janu>y1 to assume ! col\rs ( ! female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry nor? ( ! ,cape1 lives & builds 9 m>%es3 x is r>ely br\ght to ,europe4 ,! long tail ( ! male requires a l>ge cage 9 ord] to pres]ve its beauty4 ,9 its wild /ate ?is l5g? ( tail is v inconv5i5t dur+ ! high w9ds2 & dur+ ! ra9y season x may be caught by ! h&4 ,x is f$ ) can>y se$4 ,,! ,,blue ,,f9*4 ,loxia co]ulea1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,b\vreuil bleu d',amrique1 ,,buffon2 ,d] dunkelblaue ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( ! common grosbeak1 ab\t six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak1 :i* measures six l9es1 is /rong1 & ( a d>k br[n2 ! feet black2 a black /reak surr\nds ! *91 & ext5ds to ! eyes3 ! :ole plumage is blue1 except ! great] w+ cov]ts1 ! p5-fea!rs1 & ! c5tral tail fea!rs1 :i* are d>k br[n4 ,! female is entirely br[n1 ) a slight mixture ( blue4 ,,obs]vations4--,i h _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ ?is bird among ! collection belong+ to 8 ,royal ,highness ! ,duke ( ,saxe ,me9+51 :]e x is f$ on can>y se$4 ,x calls little1 & its song is weak1 b its plumage is beautiful4 ,x is f\nd 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,am]ica1 9 ,brazil1 ,cay5ne1 & ev5 9 ,c>ol9a4 ,,yell[-,,belli$ ,,grosbeak4 ,loxia flaviv5tris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,grosbec jaune du ,cap de ,bonne ,esprance1 ,,brisson2 ,d] gelbaft]ige ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,i am n sure t ?is bird1 :i* ,i h also se5 among/ ^? ( 8 ,royal ,highness ! ,duke ( ,saxe ,me9+51 is ! true ,loxia flaviv5tris ( ,l9nu4 ,x is ( ! size ( ! common *aff9*1 & five in*es long4 ,! beak1 :i* is mod]ately /rong1 v mu* resembles t ( ! *aff9*1 & is ( a horn br[n4 ,! feet are a dull br[n4 ,! head & neck are ( a dull pale blue2 ! upp] "p ( ! body olive1 ! :ole ( ! "u "p is a f9e bright orange4 ,! ,yell[ ,grosbeak ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope is ?us describ$3--! head1 upp] "p ( ! neck1 & back are olive1 ) /ripes ( br[n2 ! rump olive4 ,! "u "p ( ! body deep yell[2 on ea* side ( ! head is a yell[ b& :i* passes above ! eyes2 ! w+s & tail fea!rs are br[n1 edg$ ) olive4 ,! female only diff]s 9 ! col\rs be+ less vivid4 ,,v>iety4--,! top ( ! head1 ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & ! brea/ are olive2 ! back ( ! neck1 ev5 to ! ?roat1 is a%-col\r$2 ! belly yell[1 b betwe5 ! legs :ite4 ,! w+s are black1 bord]$ ) orange2 ! tail fea!rs d>k gre51 b !y are bord]$ ) yell[1 & are black up ! middle4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird has be5 sold z ! female ( ! prec$+1 & plac$ 9 ! same cage4 ,x liv$ v sociably2 b ,i %\ld suspect x r ( be+ ! female ( t "u notice4 ,x is a native ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,,! ,,g[ry ,,bird4 ,loxia punctul>ia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,grosbec ta*et de ,java1 ,,buffon2 ,d] getpfelte ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( a l9net1 ab\t f\r in*es & a qu>t] 9 l5g?4 ,! beak & feet black2 ! :ole ( ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & ! l[]1 z f> z ! brea/1 *e/nut br[n2 ! *eeks m>k$ ) a r$di% purple t+e2 ! belly & sides :ite1 b all ! fea!rs bord]$ ) black 9 ! =m ( a he>t4 ,! female has no r$ t+e on ! *eeks1 ! beak & feet are deep br[n2 ! sides :ite1 t+$ ) deep br[n3 ! back r$di% br[n4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species1 :i* ,i h se5 9 ! collection ( ,8 ,royal ,highness ! ,duke ( ,saxe ,me9+51 comes f ,java2 x is kept 9 a cage & f$ on can>y se$4 ,its call is deguay1 its feeble song some:at resembles ! sisk9's4 ,,! ,,b&$ ,,f9*4 ,loxia fasciata1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,coll]ette ,,buffon2 ,d] gebnd]te ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( ! prec$+1 ab\t f\r in*es & a half 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is blui% grey4 ,! feet %ort & fle%-col\r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body d>k r$di% a% grey1 ea* fea!r hav+ two black transv]se b&s1 only "o ( :i* is visible2 ! *eeks & l[] m&ible are surr\nd$ by a b& ( d>k r$di% purple4 ,! female has n ?is coll>1 & its plumage is pal]2 ! "u "p ( its body is r$ br[n1 ea* fea!r edg$ ) a deep] %ade4 ,,v>ieties4--,! "o ,i h actually be=e me1 & :i* ,i receiv$ f ,mr4 ,?iem1 bird-deal] at ,walt]%aus51 is a f9e male1 ^: plumage is z foll[s3-- ,! head is dull orange1 ) black /ripes v ne> toge!r2 ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 ! back & rump1 are ! same %ade ( orange1 b ea* fea!r is int]sect$ by a semicircul> black l9e1 & t]m9at$ by a spot ( r$ br[n2 ! scapul> w+ cov]ts & la/ p5-fea!rs are d>k grey1 ) transv]se angul> black b&s1 & bord]$ at ! tips ) r$ br[n4 #b4 ,?is v>iety is ?us describ$ 9 ,la?am's ,synopsis ( ,birds4 ,! top ( ! head1 upp] "p ( ! neck1 & less] w+ cov]ts1 light br[n1 ) semicircul> black l9es2 ! *eeks pla9 br[n1 b edg$ at ! l[] "p ) bright crimson1 bel[ :i* is a black l9e2 ! brea/ & belly light br[n1 occasionally m>k$ ) semicircul> l9es2 ! p5-fea!rs & tail are br[n4 ,,obs]vations4--,bird-fanci]s give to ^! ! "n ( ,indian sp>r[s1 ?\gh !y come f ,africa2 _! cry is simil> to t ( ! common sp>r[1 & _! song n v diff]5t4 ,!y are f$ on can>y se$s4 ,,! ,,br[n-,,*eek$ ,,f9*4 ,loxia canora1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,d] braunwangige ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( ! sisk91 & f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! beak %ort1 /rong1 & horn br[n4 ,! feet fle%-col\r4 ,! *eeks br[n1 adorn$ ) a yell[ bord] f ! ?roat to ! back ( ! e>4 ,! female has no yell[ bord] to ! *eeks4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is pretty species comes f ,mexico2 its song is s(t & cle>2 its actions are z lively z !y are amus+4 ,x is kept 9 a cage1 & f$ on can>y se$ & millet4 ,,! ,,malacca ,,f9*4 ,loxia ,malacca1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,jacob91 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,malackis*e ,k]nbeiss]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ! size ( ! gre5f9*1 & f\r in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & a half4 ,! beak ?ick1 five l9es 9 l5g?1 & blui% grey2 ! feet ! same col\r4 ,! head1 neck1 a /ripe1 :i* ext5ds up ! belly to ! v5t1 & ! ?ighs1 are black2 ! back1 w+s & tail1 pale *e/nut4 ,! foll[+ is m5tion$ z a v>iety4 ,! ,*9ese ,grosbeak 7,brisson's ,orni?ology1 ,,iii41 page #bce1 ,no4 #g71 ) ! head1 ?roat1 & front ( ! neck black1 ! upp] "p ( ! body r$ br[n or *e/nut1 ! w+s & tail simil> to ! "o above4 ,i h se5 ?is bird 9 a room sev]al times1 & h always reg>d$ x z a male1 on acc\nt ( its song1 & because1 aft] m\lt+1 its plumage return$ unalt]$1 n becom+ ei!r :ite on ! brea/ or black at ! v5t4 ,edw>ds1 :o has repres5t$ x 9 8 #cee? plate1 has add$ a female1 :i* he kept 9 ! same cage1 & :i* 0 improv$ by its companion4 ,! upp] "p ( its body 0 grey br[n1 ! sides ( ! head & "u "p ( ! body p9ki%1 or r blu% col\r1 ! w+ & tail fea!rs blacki%1 ! feet fle%-col\r4 ,! blackness ( ! w+s & tail makes me suspect t ?is female belongs to ano!r species2 its atta*m5t & famili>ity prove no?+4 ,we "k1 9 fact1 t ne>ly all granivor\s birds hold communion toge!r1 & mutually c>ess ea* o!r ) ! bill4 ,,obs]vations4--,! ,malacca ,f9* comes f ! ,ea/ ,indies3 x is v g5tle1 confid+1 & lively4 ,its voice is /rong2 its cry1 tziapp1 pron\nc$ 9 a l\d cle> tone4 ,?\gh its song is some:at nasal & r noisy1 x is n disagreeable4 ,its food1 :5 9 conf9em5t1 is hemp & can>y se$1 :i* ,i h kn[n pres]ve x = a long "t 9 good heal?4 ,,! ,,sn[ ,,bunt+4 ,illu/ration ,emb]iza nivalis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ortolan de neige1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,s*neeam]1 ,,be*/e94 ,naturali/s say t ! plumage ( ?is bird diff]s consid]ably 9 summ] & w9t]2 ?\gh1 f analogy ) o!rs ( its species1 ,i am au?oriz$ 9 suspect+ t ?is *ange arises r f age4 ,i %all leave ! "q undecid$2 & s9ce we c nev] see ?is bird :5 x has retir$ 9 summ] )9 ! arctic circle1 its native home1 ,i %all cont5t myself ) describ+ its w9t] col\rs1 su* z we may see !m 9 a room4 ,x is ! size ( a l>k1 six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & two-?irds4 ,! beak is five or six l9es 9 l5g?1 ) e *>act]i/ic ( ! bunt+ species1 conical 9 =m1 r b5t at ! sides1 & hav+ a bony tub]cle l a gra9 ( b>ley at ! palate2 its col\r 9 ! s++ season is q black1 at o!r times ! po9t alone is black1 ! re/ yell[4 ,! back & rump are black1 ! fea!rs ( ! back be+ edg$ ) :ite1 :il/ ^? ( ! rump & scapul>s are edg$ ) yell[i% br[n1 d>k] 9 spr+ ?an summ]4 ,! female is r small]1 ! head & upp] "p ( ! neck :ite1 ) a mixture ( c9namon-br[n1 & transv]se spots ( ! same col\r =m a k9d ( brok5 b& across ! :ite brea/4 ,! "y ones :i* are tak5 9 w9t] are kn[n by _! d>k br[n beak2 ! l[] "p ( ! back is ( ! same col\r1 b _! fea!rs are edg$ ) a light grey4 ,! male has ! head mo/ speckl$ ) yell[ br[n1 ! *eeks ( ! female are ( ! same t9t1 & x has spots ( ?is on ! brea/4 ,,obs]vations4--,:5 ! w9t] is sev]e1 ^! birds are se5 f ,decemb] to ,may 9 _m p>ts ( ,g]many1 :]e !y ev5 approa* ! villages4 ,i am p]suad$ t1 if att5tion 7 paid to !m1 !y might be se5 9 e direction1 dur+ ,m>*1 on _! passage to ! ,nor?2 :il/ sn[ is on ! gr\nd !y are f\nd 9 company ) l>ks1 on ! high roads & 9 ! fields2 !y may !n be tak5 ) horse dung1 plac$ 9 net1 or cov]$ ) bird-lime1 or by cle>+ a spot ( gr\nd ( sn[ & /rew+ x ) oats4 ,i h _h a pair six ye>s 9 my room )\t a cage1 & !y are satisfi$ ) ! food common = o!r birds3 if kept 9 a cage1 !y mu/ be f$ on hemp se$1 oats1 millet1 rape1 & poppy se$s4 ,!y appe> mu* delight$ :il/ ba?+2 dur+ ! night !y seem v uneasy1 hopp+ & runn+ ab\t cont9ually4 ,_! /rong & pi]c+ cry resembles a l\d :i/le2 _! song w\ld be r agreeable 7 x n int]rupt$ 9 a peculi> mann]2 x is a w>bl+ m+l$ ) "s high noisy notes1 desc5d+ sl[ly f %rill to deep1 & a little /rong & brok5 :i/l+4 ,heat is s contr>y to _! nature1 t !y _c be pres]v$ unless c>efully gu>d$ f x4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza montana1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ortolan de ,montagne1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,b]gamm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is small] ?an ! sn[ bunt+1 has a %ort1 /rong yell[ beak1 ) a black po9t2 ! head is ne>ly flat1 ! frontal b& light *e/nut2 ! upp] "p ( ! neck & back grey1 ) black /reaks1 mo/ num]\s on ! back1 caus+ a resemblance to ! female yell[hamm]2 feet black4 ,! brea/ ( ! female is ( a deep] col\r ?an ! male's4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species1 inhabit+ ! cold regions ( ,europe1 is nev] f\nd 9 great numb]s4 ,9 ,?ur+ia1 & "s o!r prov9ces ( ,g]many1 !y are se5 g5]ally e ye>1 9 ,m>*1 ! "t ( passage1 settl+ 9 pairs along ! high roads1 se>*+ = a few undige/$ gra9s 9 ! dung ( animals4 ,_! song is %rill1 tol]ably pleas+1 & int]rupt$ l ! yell[hamm]'s4 ,!y may be easily kept 9 ! h\se1 ei!r cag$ or n1 fe$+ !m on oats1 bread1 hemp1 & o!r se$s4 ,^! birds also appe> uneasy dur+ ! night1 especially 9 ! pair+ season1 utt]+ _! call amid/ ! d>kness4 ,"s are occasionally met ) ( a dull orange on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 /reak$ ) yell[ on ! head1 & deep orange on ! back4 ,^! are "y birds4 ,?is species is caught 9 ! same mann] z ! sn[ bunt+4 ,,! ,,yell[hamm]4 ,emb]iza citr9ella1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,bruant1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,goldamm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,h[ev] well kn[n ?is bird may be1 x is /ill necess>y t x %\ld be describ$ m9utely1 z ! "y males & old females are (t5 conf\nd$ ) "o ano!r4 ,x is six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! =k$ tail measures ?ree4 ,! beak1 five l9es long1 is d>k br[n 9 summ]1 & a% grey 9 w9t]2 ! feet are ( a light br[n4 ,! head ( ! old males is ( a f9e yell[1 g5]ally hav+ "s /reaks ( d>k olive scatt]$ ov] ! top & on ! *eeks2 x is only 9 v old birds t ! head & neck are ( a gold5 yell[1 )\t any mixture2 ! upp] "p ( ! neck is olive2 ! back black1 m+l$ ) r$di% grey2 ! fea!rs h black up ! middle1 & ! edges r$di% grey2 ! rump is ( a deep r$2 ! ?roat1 ) ! "u "p ( ! neck & ! belly1 are yell[1 m or less gold52 ! brea/1 especially its sides1 z well z ! small cov]ts ( ! tail1 is /reak$ ) yell[ & r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yell[hamm]4 ,! female is r small] ?an ! male2 ! yell[ ( ! head1 neck1 & ?roat1 is sc>cely se5 ?r\gh ! spots scatt]$ ov] x1 :i* are br[n on ! head & *eeks1 & olive-col\r$ on ! neck2 ! brea/ is only speckl$ ) ru/ r$1 & ! w+ cov]ts ) r$di% :ite1 s t at a di/ance x appe>s r br[n ?an yell[4 ,"y male birds1 9 spr+1 sc>cely diff] f old females1 except t a spot ( yell[ may ev5 !n be se5 on ! top ( ! head1 z well z a /reak ( ! same col\r above ! eyes & on ! ?roat2 9 fact1 ! brea/ & rump are r ( a deep r$di% br[n ?an ru/ r$1 & also )\t spots4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! yell[hamm] is f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ,europe1 & ! nor? ( ,asia4 ,x rema9s 9 summ] ab\t ! skirts ( =e/s & small woods4 ,x ov]runs ! fields 9 autumn1 & 9 ! w9t] approa*es our build+s1 p>ticul>ly b>ns & /ables4 ,:5 conf9$ x is g5]ally all[$ to run ab\t ! room1 b :]e x is r>e1 & !re=e mo/ valu$1 x is kept 9 a cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ^! birds live on insects1 p>ticul>ly cat]pill>s1 on :i*1 l all ! o!r species ( ?is g5us1 !y fe$ _! "y4 ,9 autumn & w9t]1 !y h rec\rse to all k9ds ( gra92 b !y pref] oats1 :i*1 ) b>ley1 :eat1 & millet1 !y "k h[ to get at v clev]ly1 not)/&+ ! bony tub]cle at _! palate4 ,!y also fe$ ^u rape1 & o!r small se$s1 :5 !y c get !m4 ,9 ! h\se1 to pres]ve !m 9 heal?1 _! food %\ld be prop]ly v>i$1 giv+ !m 9 turn oats1 ! crumb ( :ite bread1 meat1 bruis$ hemp se$1 poppy & rape se$4 ,:5 runn+ ab\t1 ! second univ]sal pa/e agrees v well ) !m4 ,x is no d\bt to assi/ _! dige/ion1 t !y (t5 swall[ fre% black e>?1 z ,i h always se5 ^? d t ,i h kept2 ?is mu/ n be =gott5 to be giv5 !m1 nor wat] = !m to ba! 91 :i* !y enjoy v mu*4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species bre$s twice 9 ! ye>1 ! fir/ "t 9 ! end ( ,m>*1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,! ne/1 :i* is plac$ 9 a h$ge1 bu%1 tuft ( grass1 or ev5 9 moss on ! gr\nd1 is =m$ on ! outside ( /raws1 int]wov5 & l9$ )9 ) ! hair ( horses & o!r animals4 ,x conta9s f ?ree to five eggs1 ( a dirty :ite1 ) zig-zag l9es & spots ( br[n4 ,:5 re>$ f ! ne/ ! "y ones may be taught to imitate ! song ( ! *aff9*1 & a few notes ( o!r birds4 ,,diseases4--,! disease mo/ common to ?is bird is decl9e4 ,! "t ( m\lt+ is v dang]\s to !m1 z !y suff] mu*1 & sometimes die2 to r5d] ?is p]iod less dang]\s1 !y %\ld h fre% ants' eggs z soon z x comm5ces1 a rem$y mo/ useful to ?is species1 to *aff9*es1 & to sp>r[s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! yell[hamm] is easily tak5 9 w9t]1 ne> our dwell+s1 ei!r 9 a net1 ) a /alk ( oats z a bait1 or "u a basket or sieve1 :i* may be ?r[n d[n1 by draw+ away ! small /ick t supports x1 by means ( a /r+4 ,!y w also ent] ! area or b>n-floor trap1 if a p]*+ bird is fa/5$ !re1 by a /r+ atta*$ to ! lea!r b& r\nd its body2 9 spr+ !y may be caught l o!r birds1 by means ( a bird-call4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! fir/ ( ^! is c]ta9ly ! beauty ( ! bird1 b ! f9e yell[ :i* sets x (f fades gradually :5 kept 9 ! h\se1 :]e x w live five or six ye>s2 ! second is its song1 :i*1 )\t be+ v di/+ui%$1 is r pleas+2 its call1 ?\gh n /rong1 is he>d to "s di/ance2 b ?is bird1 s gay1 s spruce1 s active :5 free1 becomes dull1 idle1 & awkw>d 9 a cage4 ,,! ,,corn ,,bunt+4 ,illu/ration ,emb]iza mili>ia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,proy]1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,g]/5amm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe & ! nor? ( ,asia1 has n s good a title to be admitt$ into ! h\se z ! prec$+1 n be+ di/+ui%$ ei!r = its song or ! beauty ( its col\rs4 ,) a plumage v simil> to t ( ! sky-l>k1 x surpasses x 9 size1 be+ sev5 in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree4 ,! beak1 measur+ six l9es1 is /rong1 yell[i% on ! "u "p 9 summ]2 ! re/ ( ! ye> ! :ole ( x is grey br[n2 ! feet ! same1 :i* /& six l9es 9 height4 ,! g5]al t9t ( ! plumage is pale1 r$di% grey on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & yell[i% :ite on ! "u1 speckl$ l ! l>k's1 ) blacki% br[n spots4 ,9 ! female ! col\rs are r light]4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ?is bird is common 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe2 9 ! m nor!rly p>ts x does n rema9 dur+ ! w9t]1 & only appe>s at c]ta9 seasons2 9 ,m>* !y are met ) among/ ! l>ks 9 ! fields1 mead[s1 & on ! high roads1 (t5 p]*$ on ! tops ( will[s1 or on a /ake 9 a h$ge1 on a mile/one1 or a clod ( e>?4 ,9 a room x may occupy a l>k's cage1 b is m commonly let run ab\t at lib]ty4 ,,food4--,bo? at lib]ty & 9 conf9em5t its food is simil> to t ( ! yell[hamm]2 x is h[ev] a m delicate bird4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/1 plac$ "u a bu%1 does n re/ on ! gr\nd b on ! turf2 x is con/ruct$ ( ! /alks ( grass1 & l9$ ) horse-hair4 ,! eggs are grey1 speckl$ ) *e/nut & /reak$ ) black4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 autumn ^! birds may be tak5 9 an area ) a decoy bird2 9 w9t]1 be=e ! b>n door1 ) bird-lime or a clapp]2 9 ! spr+ ) a bird-call4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,_! song1 %ort] & less s(t ?an t ( ! yell[hamm]1 has only f\r or five notes2 f _! dwell+ on ! r 9 ! la/1 !y h be5 giv5 ! "n ( /ock+ weav]s4 ,,! ,,ortolan4 ,emb]iza hortul5a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ortolan1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,g>t5amm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,x is necess>y to give a v exact description ( ?is species1 z n only bird-cat*]s1 b ev5 "s naturali/s1 give ! "n ( ,ortolan to sev]al v diff]5t species4 ,"u ?is "n ! =m] sell all r>e birds ( ?is k9d4 ,! true ortolan has a wid] brea/ & /rong] beak ?an ! yell[hamm]2 x is six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half2 ! beak1 six in*es long1 is ?ick at ! base1 ) a bony tub]cle at ! palate1 & is ( a yell[i% fle%-col\r2 ! iris d>k br[n4 ,! legs1 :i* /& t5 l9es 9 height1 are fle%-col\r$2 ! head & neck is greyi% olive2 ! ?roat & a /reak on ! neck f ! angle ( ! beak1 deep yell[4 ,! female is r small]1 ( a *angeable %9+ a%-col\r on its head & neck1 /reak$ ) f9e black l9es4 ,its brea/1 & ! upp] & "u "p ( its body1 are light] ?an 9 ! male4 ,! ?roat ( ! "y male birds1 be=e ! fir/ m\lt+1 is ( a light yell[1 ) a mixture ( grey2 ! brea/ & belly are ( a r$di% yell[1 speckl$ ) grey1 :i* make !m r resemble "y yell[hamm]s4 ,a bird fanci] w di/+ui% ! two sexes ev5 9 ! ne/4 ,!re are :ite1 yell[1 speckl$1 & 9 ! h\se sometimes ev5 black v>ieties4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! ortolan is pr9cipally f\nd 9 ! s\!rn & temp]ate p>ts ( ,europe1 & is n sc>ce 9 "s ( ! prov9ces ( ,g]many2 b if att5tion 7 paid to !m !re1 !y might be se5 9 e direction on _! passage2 = ?\gh !y may n rema9 dur+ ! summ] 9 a di/rict1 yet !y make "s /ay1 nev] pass+ ov] a great space ( c\ntry at a "t4 ,_! r\te is s exact & regul>1 t :5 "o has be5 se5 9 a p>ticul> spot1 especially if 9 spr+1 x is sure to be f\nd !re ! foll[+ ye> at ! same "t4 ,!y fly r 9 families ?an flocks3 ! "t ( _! arrival 9 ,g]many is t[>ds ! end ( ,april1 or beg9n+ ( ,may2 !y are !n met ) 9 or*>ds1 among/ brambles or 9 groves1 :]e !y build1 p>ticul>ly if millet is cultivat$ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,dur+ h>ve/ !y frequ5t ! fields 9 families1 & leave aft] ! oats are ga!r$ 9#cd4 ,9 ! h\se1 if mu* valu$1 !y are giv5 a cage2 b 9 c\ntries :]e !y are common !y are let run ab\t free4 ,,food4--,9 _! wild /ate !y live on insects & gra94 ,9 ! h\se !y are f$1 if 9 a cage1 on millet1 hemp se$1 & prep>$ oats2 if at lib]ty 9 a room ! univ]sal pa/e suits !m v well4 ,^! birds1 be+ r delicate1 _c (t5 be pres]v$ beyond ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,,diseases4--,! mo/ common disease ( ^! birds is atrophy1 to cure or prev5t :i* x is necess>y to "k h[ prop]ly to mix & v>y animal ) vegetable food2 b ?is calls = a great] degree ( att5tion & c>e ?an mo/ p]sons are will+ to give4 ,,mann] ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 spr+ ^! birds are easily attract$ to a decoy bu%1 by a female ( _! own species1 or a yell[hamm]4 ,9 ,augu/ a turfy place %\ld be *os5 ne> brambles1 to =m a small area1 z a decoy1 l t made = *aff9*es4 ,x mu/ be surr\nd$ ) a l[ h$ge1 ) "s oat-e>s fa/5$ to x4 ,ab\t ! area %\ld be plac$ "o or sev]al birds ( call1 especially a p]*+ bird1 t is to say1 a bird ( ! same species1 ) a b& ( s(t lea!r r\nd x1 & conf9$ by a small /r+1 fa/5$ to a peg-/ick 9 ! gr\nd1 :i* prev5ts its go+ beyond ! prescrib$ limits4 ,"h x %\ld be giv5 pl5ty ( food & wat]1 9 ord] t ! birds to be caught may be ! m easily attract$ )9 ! area1 f see+ "o ( _! own species 9 a place ( abundance4 ,?is k9d ( decoy bird is (t5 m necess>y ?an any o!r4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! f9e =m & col\rs ( ! ortolan w\ld be suffici5t to r5d] x desirable1 b /ill m s its flute-l w>bl+1 s cle> & full1 :i* has "s resemblance to t ( ! yell[hamm]1 only t ! la/ notes are mu* deep]4 ,ev] s9ce ortolans h be5 kn[n to epicures z a delicacy1 !y h be5 fatt5$ ) great c>e4 ,! common way is to keep !m 9 a room only light$ by lant]ns1 s t !y _c di/+ui% day f night3 !y are !n pl5tifully f$ on oats1 millet1 & ! crumb ( :ite bread1 made up ) good spice4 ,9 a %ort "t !y become s fat t !y w\ld be suffocat$ if n kill$ at once4 ,an ortolan ?us f$ is a p]fect ball ( mo/ delici\s fat1 weigh+ ab\t ?ree ounces4 ,,! ,,cirl-,,bunt+1 ,,la?4 ,emb]iza ,cirlus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,zizi1 ou ,bruant de ,haie1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,zaunamm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,l9nu has describ$ only ! female1 & by mi/ake ,i h call$ ! male ,emb]izal ,ea?orax1 & h giv5 a draw+ ( x & ! female1 9 ! second volume ( my ,g]man translation ( ! ,engli% "w ( ,la?am1 ,synopsis ( ,birds1 pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g1 #agid4 ,,description4--,?is bird1 sc>ce 9 _m prov9ces ( ,g]many & 9 ,brita91 b well kn[n 9 ,?ur+ia1 is ab\t ! size ( ! yell[hamm]1 be+ five in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half4 ,its small & flatti% beak is ( a br[ni% blue on ! upp] "p1 & light br[n on ! "u2 ! feet1 eight l9es 9 height1 are fle%-col\r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! head & neck olive gre5 ) small black /rokes1 a gold5 yell[ /reak ext5ds f ! angle ( ! upp] m&ible to ! middle ( ! neck1 pass+ "u ! eyes2 ano!r beg9s f ! angle ( ! "u m&ible1 & desc5d+ 9 a /raight l9e1 is cross$ by a ?ird1 :i* is black1 !n curv+ r\nd beh9d ! yell[ /reak "u ! eyes1 reunites ) ! black "o on ! ?roat2 ! back & small] w+-cov]ts are c9namon br[n1 mix$ ) black & yell[ gre52 ! rump is olive1 ) black /reaks2 ! brea/ is a f9e olive gre51 light *e/nut on ! sides2 ! re/ ( ! "u "p ( ! body is ( a gold5 yell[4 ,! female is kn[n by its plumage be+ mu* pal]3 ! head & upp] "p ( ! neck are olive1 mu* /reak$ ) black2 ! back is pale br[n1 ! rump m /reak$ ) black1 ! tail r greyi% black ?an black2 two pale yell[ l9es pass "o above ! o!r bel[ ! eyes1 & cross a black l9e :i* unites to ! black bord] ( ! *eeks2 ! ?roat is br[ni%1 ) a light] spot bel[2 ! brea/ is olive1 ) ! sides br[ni%1 ! re/ ( ! "u "p ( ! body is pale yell[4 ,! "y ones1 be=e _! fir/ m\lt+1 h ! upp] "p ( ! body light br[n1 speckl$ ) black1 ! "u pale yell[ /reak$ ) black2 ! old] !y gr[ ! m ( an olive t9t ! brea/ acquires4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate ^! birds dwell *iefly 9 ! s\!rn & temp]ate p>ts ( ,europe1 :]e !y frequ5t or*>ds1 groves1 & ! skirts ( =e/s4#ce ,!y are birds ( passage1 :i* leave 9 ,novemb] & return 9 ,april2 !y are !n met ) v commonly among ! *aff9*es4 ,9 ! h\se !y mu/ be treat$ 9 ! same mann] z ! ortolan4 ,,food4--,9 _! wild /ate !y fe$ on ! cabbage cat]pill> 9 summ]1 & :5 corn is ripe1 on :eat1 b>ley1 millet1 oats1 & o!r gra94 ,,bre$+4--,!y place _! ne/ 9 a h$ge or bu% on ! road side1 & build x ( small /raws & l9e x ) horse-hair4 ,! eggs are greyi%1 speckl$ ) *e/nut4 ,9 ! end ( ,july1 :ole families are met ) 9 ! fields1 p>ticul>ly ^? plant$ ) cabbages1 & t h will[s 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,,diseases ,,& ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! are simil> to :at is said "u ortolan4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! male surpasses ! ortolan 9 beauty1 b does n equal x 9 its song1 z 9 ?is x m resembles ! yell[hamm]4 ,^! birds1 h[ev]1 are v easily tam$1 & may be pres]v$ five or six ye>s4 ,,! ,,fooli% ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza ,cia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,bruant ,f\1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,zipamm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is r small] ?an ! yell[hamm]1 be+ only six in*es long1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half2 ! beak1 five l9es 9 l5g?1 is v %>p1 blacki% above1 & greyi% bel[2 ! iris is dusky2 ! legs1 n9e l9es 9 height1 are ( a br[ni% fle%-col\r4 ,! head is grey1 spott$ ) r$1 ) small black /reaks on ! top1 & an indi/9ct black l9e on ! sides2 ! back is r$di% br[n1 speckl$ ) black1 ! rump light r$ br[n2 ! ?roat pale a%-col\r4 ,! female diff]s v little f ! male3 ! head is grey ) a r$di% t9t & black spots2 %e has also all ! /reaks t ! male has1 b less m>k$2 ! a%-col\r$ ?roat is /reak$ ) black & has a r$di% t9t2 9 %ort1 ! :ole ( ! "u "p ( ! body is light]4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ?is species1 :i* loves solitude1 & pref]s m\nta9\s di/ricts1 inhabits ! s\? ( ,france1 ,italy1 & ! s\? ( ,au/ria4 ,9 "s w9t]s !y quit ^! c\ntries & proce$ ev5 to ! middle ( ,g]many1 :]e !y are f\nd 9 ,m>* & ,april 9 elevat$ situations4 ,9 ! h\se !y are ei!r kept 9 a cage or left to range a room1 & ! latt] seems to agree ) !m be/1 p>ticul>ly if !y h a grat$ & quiet place to re/ 9 & pass ! night4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 ^! birds1 l o!rs ( ! g5us1 fe$ on insects & gra94 ,9 ! h\se !y may be f$ on ! same food z ! ortolan1 on :i* !y may be pres]v$ 9 heal? above six ye>s1 z ,i h prov$ by a pair :i* ,i kept myself = t "t4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds come )\t difficulty at ! call ( ! yell[hamm]1 & ent] into e k9d ( sn>e s he$lessly1 t !y h !nce be5 giv5 ! "n ( fooli% bunt+4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,!y are v f9e & lively birds1 ^: voice is he>d ! :ole ye>2 9 w9t] _! note ( call1 & f spr+ to autumn1 _! *e]ful song1 %ort] inde$1 b cle>] ?an t ( ! yell[hamm]4 ,!y live v amicably 9 a room ) o!r species ( _! g5us1 especially ! yell[hamm]2 & :]e "o goes ! o!r foll[s1 & if "o *ooses any p>ticul> food1 ! o!r pref]s ! same4 ,,! ,,black ,,bonnet1 ,,or ,,re$ ,,bunt+4 ,illu/ration ,emb]iza ,s*o5iclus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ortolan de ,roscaux1 ,,buffon2 ,rohramm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is ne>ly ! size ( ! m\nta9 sp>r[1 its l5g? be+ five in*es ?ree-qu>t]s1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half2 ! beak1 f\r l9es 9 l5g?1 is black on ! upp] "p1 & :iti% on ! "u2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! legs1 n9e l9es high1 are d>k fle%-col\r$4 ,! head is black1 ) r$di% spots2 a r$di% :ite l9e ext5ds f ! base ( ! l[] m&ible q r\nd ! head2 ! back is black1 spott$ ) :ite & r$1 ! rump alt]nately grey & r$di% yell[2 ! ?roat is black spott$4 ,! fea!rs on ! head ( ! male nev] return to z good a black aft] m\lt+1 :5 9 ! h\se1 z 9 its wild /ate1 b rema9 always br[n]1 & cl\d$ ) r$di% :ite4 ,! head ( ! female is ( a ru/y br[n1 spott$ ) black2 h] br[n *eeks are encircl$ ) a r$di% :ite /reak1 :i*1 pass+ above ! eyes1 unites ) ano!r :i* comm5ces at ! base ( ! beak2 a d>k /reak passes d[n ! sides ( ! ?roat1 :i*1 ) ! "u "p ( ! body1 is r$di% :ite1 mu* /reak$ on ! brea/ ) light br[n2 ! col\r ( ! back is light]1 b less cle> ?an t ( ! male4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate ?is species is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe & ! nor? ( ,asia1 fly+ 9 small flocks1 & return+ 9 ,m>* 9 great flights4 ,! females foll[ ! males1 & d n rema9 beh9d1 z "s pret5d4 ,dur+ w9t] "s ( ^! birds are met ) "h & !re among/ ! yell[hamm]s2 !y frequ5t moi/ places1 ! banks ( ponds & riv]s2 !y run nimbly up ! /alks ( aquatic plants1 b r>ely asc5d trees4 ,9 ! h\se x is ! cu/om "h to let !m range a room2 b !y may be kept 9 a cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y fe$ on ! se$s ( ru%es1 bullru%es1 re$s1 & grasses1 z well z on ! num]\s insects t frequ5t ! wat]-side4 ,9 ! h\se !y seem to reli% ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e & poppy se$s1 on :i* food !y w live five or six ye>s2 b aft]w>ds !y droop & die ( atrophy or scurf1 z ,i h rem>k$ sev]al times4 ,,bre$+4--,^! birds make _! ne/s among ! re$s & brambles on ! wat]-side4 ,!y lay five or six eggs ( a dusky light grey1 ) d>k grey spots & dusky l9es r indi/9ctly m+l$4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 autumn !y ent] ! area or decoy ) ! *aff9*2 9 spr+1 :5 !re is sn[1 !y approa* ! b>ns & dunghills1 & !re1 z well z 9 op5 places 9 ! fields & on ! h$ges1 !y are v easily tak5 ) a net or bird-lime4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,_! song is alt]nately weak & /rong4 ,?ree or f\r simple tones1 m+l$ f "t to "t ) a %>p r1 di/+ui% x f e o!r2 x is he>d all ! summ]1 ev5 dur+ ! night4 ,( all ! bunt+s1 ?is is ! mo/ easily tam$2 x is also a great amateur ( music1 approa*+ ! in/rum5t )\t fe>1 z ,i h obs]v$ sev]al times1 n ( "o only1 b ( _m ( ^! birds1 te/ify+ its joy by ext5d+ its w+s & tail l a fan1 & %ak+ !m s t1 by ?is ex]cise ! fea!rs h be5 mu* injur$4 ,! female s+s also1 b its tones are weak] ?an ^? ( ! male4 ,,! ,,sp>r[ ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza pass]9a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',ortolan ,pass]92 ,d] ,sp]l+samm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species mu/ h be5 conf\nd$ ) ! prec$+1 or x w\ld h be5 bett] kn[n1 z x is n r>e ei!r 9 autumn or spr+4 ,x is small] & m sl5d] ?an ! =m]1 be+ only five in*es long1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a qu>t]2 ! beak is black above & light br[n bel[2 ! iris is ( a d>k *e/nut2 ! feet are n9e l9es 9 height & ( a dusky fle%-col\r2 b ! plumage 9 g5]al is simil> to t ( ! female ( ! prec$+ species4 ,! male has ! top ( ! head r$1 ) a grey longitud9al /reak 9 ! middle1 & _m black spots aris+ f ! deep] %ade ( ! fea!rs :i* appe>s 9 e direction2 a dusky r$di% :ite l9e passes f ! no/rils above1 & also a little "u ! eyes1 & wid5+ beh9d on ! temples1 a *e/nut br[n col\r breaks ?r\gh a deep black1 :i* rea*es ! sides ( ! neck & becomes a spot !re4 ,! col\rs ( ! female are 9 g5]al light]1 & ! black does n appe> on ! top ( ! head2 a r$di% :ite /reak passes above ! eyes1 ano!r desc5ds f ! base ( ! beak d[n ! sides ( ! neck1 a ?ird1 b ( a dusky black1 ext5ds f ea* side ( ! *9 to beyond ! middle ( ! neck4 ,:5 kept 9 ! h\se ! black disappe>s f ! head ( ! male1 & ! upp] "p ( ! neck becomes greyi% :ite1 spott$ longitud9ally ) dusky black4 ,,obs]vations4--,?ick woods & bu%es 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry are ! fav\rite haunts ( ! sp>r[ bunt+4 ,x is a bird ( passage1 :i* quits u 9 ,octob] or ,novemb] & returns 9 ,april4 ,x is n r>e 9 ,?ur+ia1 p>ticul>ly at ! "t ( passage2 =m]ly x 0 only kn[n 9 ,russia4 ,its food1 :5 wild1 is insects & all k9ds ( gra94 ,9 ! h\se1 x is f$ on ! same food z ! re$ bunt+1 :i* x v mu* resembles 9 its song & habits3 x is tak5 9 ! same mann]4 ,,! ,,:idah ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza p>adisea1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,veuve colli] d'or1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,p>adiesamm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is beautiful & r>e species is ! size ( a l9net4 ,reckon+ f ! beak to ! end ( ! side tail-fea!rs1 x is five in*es & a half 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is lead-col\r$2 ! iris *e/nut2 ! feet are fle%-col\r$2 ! head1 *91 front ( ! neck1 back1 w+s1 & tail are black2 ! back ( ! neck pale orange2 ! brea/1 ?ighs1 & upp] "p ( ! belly are :ite1 ! l[] "p is black2 ! two int]m$iate tail-fea!rs measure f\r in*es1 are v broad1 & t]m9ate 9 a long filam5t2 ! two t foll[1 above ?ree in*es long1 are v broad 9 ! middle1 n>r[] & po9t$ at ! end1 f _! %aft spr+s also a filam5t m ?an an in* long2 ! o!r side fea!rs are only two in*es & a half 9 l5g?2 ! two 9 ! middle among/ ! longe/ a little div]g+1 & ar*$ l a cock's1 are glossy1 & m brilliant ?an ! o!rs4 ,! female is entirely br[n1 almo/ black1 & does n acquire its prop] plumage until ! ?ird ye>2 :il/ "y x v mu* resembles ! w9t] plumage ( ! male4 ,?is bird m\lts twice 9 ! ye>4 ,at ! fir/1 :i* takes place 9 ,novemb]1 ! male loses its long tail = six mon?s1 its head is /reak$ ) black & :ite1 ! re/ ( its plumage is a mixture ( black & r$2 at ! second1 :i* takes place late 9 ! spr+1 x resumes its summ] dress1 su* z x has be5 describ$ above1 b ! tail-fea!rs d n atta9 _! full l5g? till ,july & drop 9 ,novemb]4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is beautiful species comes f ,angola1 & o!r p>ts ( ,africa1 & is p>ticul>ly common 9 ! k+dom ( ,:idah1 or ,juida1 9 ,gu9ea1 & h5ce x takes its "n4 ,?\gh x 0 =m]ly br\ght 9 great numb]s into ,g]many1 x /ill co/s !re ?irty or =ty rix doll>s4 ,^! birds are v lively1 & con/antly 9 motion1 always wav+ _! long tail up & d[n1 (t5 arrang+ _! fea!rs & amus+ !mselves ) ba?+4 ,_! feeble song1 ?\gh some:at melan*oly1 is h[ev] v agreeable4 ,!y may be pres]v$ f eight to twelve ye>s if f$ on can>y se$1 millet1 b>ley meal1 & ! l1 n =gett+ to add f "t to "t lettuce1 endive1 or o!r gre5 food4 ,!y mu/ be giv5 a l>ge cage1 to prev5t _! spoil+ _! f9e tail4 ,,! ,,dom9ican ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza s]5a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,veuve ,dom9ica9e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,dom9ikan]amm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 six in*es & ?ree qu>t]s 9 l5g?1 is small]1 m r>e1 & ne>ly twice z de> z ! prec$+4 ,x comes f ,africa likewise4 ,! beak is r$2 ! feet grey2 ! upp] "p ( ! head is black1 b ! top is r$di% :ite1 :i* ext5ds ov] ! :ole ( ! "u "p ( ! body1 ! *91 & temples1 & ev5 ! "u "p ( ! tail2 sometimes ?is t9t fades into pure :ite3 ! upp] "p ( ! neck & ! back are black1 b ! fea!rs are edg$ ) dusky :ite2 ! inn] w+ cov]ts be+ :ite1 give ! w+s ! appe>ance ( be+ s :5 fold$1 b !y are black1 ! quill-fea!rs alone are edg$ ) :ite2 ! tail is also black2 ! two middle fea!rs t]m9ate 9 a po9t1 & are two in*es long] ?an ! o!rs1 :i* gradually dim9i% 9 l5g? ! f>!r !y are f ! middle1 ! ?ree fir/ only h ! po9ts :ite1 b ! two out] ones h ! be>d :ite & ! edge pale orange4 ,! female is entirely br[n1 & ! tail-fea!rs are ( equal l5g?4 ,?is species also m\lts twice 9 ! ye>3 ! male loses its tail = six mon?s1 & ! :ite ( its plumage becomes less pure4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird requires ! same treatm5t z ! =m]1 & s+s 9 ! same v agreeable mann]4 ,,! ,,%aft-,,tail$ ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza regia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,veuve quatre br9s1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,knigsamm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is also m r>e ?an ! ,:idah bunt+4 ,its l5g? to ! end ( ! %ort fea!rs ( ! tail is ne>ly f\r in*es & a half4 ,! beak & feet are r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body black2 ! sides ( ! head1 ! eyes1 neck1 & "u "p ( ! body are orange4 ,! female is br[n1 & has no long fea!rs 9 ! tail4 ,! w9t] plumage ( ! male is grey1 l ! l9net1 b r bright]4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird comes f ,africa1 & is n less admir$ ?an ! prec$+4 ,,! ,,indigo ,,bird4 ,illu/ration ,emb]iza cyanea1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,fr+illa cyanea1 ,,wilson2 ,la ,veuve bleue1 or le ,m9i/re1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,indigo ,amm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is five in*es4 ,! beak d>k lead-col\r$2 ! feet br[n2 ! :ole plumage is ( ! mo/ beautiful blue1 deep] & /ill m brilliant at ! top ( ! head2 ! great quill-fea!rs are br[n edg$ ) blue2 ! tail br[n1 ) a pale t9t4 ,! female v mu* resembles ! l9net 9 its col\r1 z ! male does dur+ m\lt+1 = x is only blue :5 9 full fea!r2 b ! male may be di/+ui%$ easily at all times by ! sides ( ! w+s be+ ( a light] grey ?an 9 ! female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species is mo/ commonly f\nd 9 ,c>ol9a1 b is n r>e ab\t ,new ,york1 :]e x arrives ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,x frequ5ts ! or*>ds :5 !y are 9 bloom1 & appe>s to pref] m\nta9\s p>ts4 ,its agreeable song1 :i* v mu* resembles t ( ! l9net1 & ! beauty ( its plumage1 r5d] x a fav\rite ) bird-fanci]s4 ,its food is can>y se$1 millet1 poppy se$1 & bruis$ hemp se$4 ,,! ,,pa9t$ ,,bunt+4 ,emb]iza ,ciris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,pape1 ,,buffon2 ,d] gemahlte ,amm]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird owes its "n to its plumage4 ,x is five in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak is greyi% br[n1 ! iris nut br[n2 ! feet br[n2 ! head & neck are violet1 ! circle r\nd ! eyes is r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! back & ! scapul>s are yell[i% gre51 ! l[] "p1 ! rump1 & all ! "u "p ( ! body are ( a f9e r$2 ! less] w+-cov]ts violet br[n ) a r$ t+e1 ! great] ( a dull gre52 ! p5-fea!rs br[n1 "s bord]$ ) grey1 o!rs ) r$2 ! tail-fea!rs are also br[n1 b ! two middle ones are ( a *angeable r$1 & ! out] bord] ( ! o!rs is ( ! same col\r4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body ( ! female is ( a dull gre51 ! "u "p yell[ gre52 h] p5-fea!rs are br[n edg$ ) gre51 z are also ! tail-fea!rs4 ,z ! plumage ( ?is bird does n come to p]fection be=e ! ?ird ye>1 !re mu/ naturally be sev]al v>ieties4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ! male & female are ( ! same col\r2 ! head ( ! male does n become a violet blue till ! second ye>1 & ! re/ ( its plumage is !n a blue gre51 z are also ! edges ( ! quill & tail-fea!rs1 :i* are else:]e br[n4 ,! female at ?is "t is ( a f9e *angeable blue4 ,if to ^! diff]5ces aris+ f age are add$ ! two m\lt+s :i* take place e ye>1 we %all n be surpris$ r>ely to meet ) two birds alike4 ,!re is besides ano!r v>iety1 hav+ ! "u "p ( ! body yell[i%1 except a r$ spot on ! brea/2 & aga9 ano!r1 :i* 9 ! "t ( m\lt+ is entirely :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,^! birds are f\nd f ! fronti]s ( ,canada to ,guiana & ,brazil2 none1 h[ev]1 are se5 9 ,c>ol9a less ?an "o hundr$ & ?irty miles f ! sea4 ,!y only %[ !mselves 9 summ]1 & build pr9cipally on orange or simil> trees4 ,engli% & ,dut* sailors take home _m ( ^! birds1 & x has be5 said t 9 ,engl& !y h succe$$ 9 mak+ !m bre$ 9 avi>ies 9 g>d5s1 spaci\s en\gh to conta9 orange trees1 on :i* !y h con/ruct$ _! ne/s4 ,:5 9 a cage !y are f$ on millet1 can>y-se$1 endive1 & poppy-se$1 on :i* !y may be pres]v$ f eight to t5 ye>s4 ,_! song is s(t & agreeable4 ,,! ,,*aff9*4 ,illu/ration ,fr+illa ,coelebs1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,p9son commun1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,bu*-,f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is delightful song/] ( spr+1 fam$ = ! sprightl9ess ( its w>bl+1--?is fav\rite ( mo/ ( our bird-fanci]s1 is s g5]ally kn[n t ,i %\ld be tempt$ to suppress its description if ! uni=mity ( ?is "w & ! wi% to r5d] x complete1 did n impel me to give x4 ,?is w also (f] "s p>ticul>s wor?y ! att5tion ( ! naturali/4 ,! passion = ?is bird is c>ri$ to su* an ext5t 9 ,?ur+ia1 & ^? :i* s+ well are s\ght = ) s mu* activity t sc>cely a s+le *aff9* t w>bles tol]ably c be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce4 ,z soon z "o arrives f a neighb\r+ c\ntry ^: notes appe> good1 all ! bird-cat*]s are aft] x1 & d n give up ! pursuit till !y h tak5 x4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! *aff9*es 9 ?is prov9ce are s indiff]5t song/]s3 ! "y ones h only bad ma/]s 9 ! old ones1 & !y 9 _! turn _c prove bett]4 ,?is bird is six in*es & "o-?ird 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! beak is conical1 po9t$1 & :ite 9 w9t]2 b z soon z spr+1 ! season ( pair+ & song1 arrives1 & till ! "t ( m\lt+1 x is ( a deep blue1 & "o may "k by ?is :e!r x has sung or n4 ,! iris is *e/nut br[n2 ! legs1 n9e l9es high1 are dusky2 ! claws are v %>p1 & gr[ s fa/ 9 a cage t x is necess>y to cut !m e six weeks1 if y d n wi% to see ! poor bird "s day caught by !m1 & p]i% mis]ably unless rescu$4 ,! =ehead is black1 ! top ( ! head & nape ( ! neck are greyi% blue1 9 v old males deep blue1 & !n ?ick d[ny hairs are p]ceiv$4 ,aft] m\lt+1 at ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 ! col\rs become light]1 ! front ( ! head is only deep br[n2 ! top & ! nape ( ! neck a *angeable greyi% & olive br[n2 ! r$ br[n ( ! brea/ is bright]2 ?is is also ! plumage ( ! "y ones 9 ! second ye>1 p>ticul>ly if ( ! la/ brood2 !y are call$ grey-heads1 by bird-cat*]s1 :o c easily di/+ui%1 9 ! spr+1 ! "y f ! old males1 & v mu* pref] !m1 because1 if prop]ly caught1 !y may be taught to improve _! song :5 conf9$ 9 ! h\se2 :ile ! o!rs nev] le>n1 or *ange v little1 at lea/ r>ely1 ! song !y h acquir$ 9 _! wild /ate4 ,! female is v diff]5t1 be+ small]1 :ile ! head1 neck1 & upp] "p ( ! back are greyi% br[n1 & all ! "u "p ( ! body is a dusky :ite1 r r$di% grey on ! brea/2 & ! beak1 greyi% br[n 9 spr+1 becomes greyi% :ite 9 w9t]4 ,!re are "s rem>kable v>ieties ( ?is species1 "o q :ite1 ano!r ) a :ite coll>1 a ?ird /reak$1 spott$1 c4 ,!re is no di/9ction betwe5 ! wood *aff9*es & ^? ( ! g>d5s & or*>ds1 z has be5 alleg$4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate1 ! *aff9* frequ5ts =e/s1 copses1 & or*>ds1 & ought to be reckon$ among birds ( passage1 ?\gh !re are always "s t rema9 ! w9t] ) u4 ,! "t ( passage1 9 autumn1 cont9ues f ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] to ! middle ( ,novemb]1 & 9 spr+ dur+ ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,^! birds p]=m _! j\rney 9 l>ge flocks4 ,9 ! spr+ ! males arrive 9 sep>ate flights1 fifte5 days be=e ! females2 our bird-cat*]s "k ?is s well1 t z soon z !y p]ceive ^! !y put up _! implem5ts1 _! sport be+ !n ov]4 ,9 ! h\se1 ?\gh ea* may v>y ! =m ( ! cage to 8 ta/e1 ! be/1 9 my op9ion1 is an oblong cage n9e in*es long1 sev5 9 dep?1 & sev5 9 height1 ) ! food & wat] at ! two f>!/ sides1 & ! p]*es plac$ opposite4 ,a bell-%ap$ cage does n suit ! *aff9*1 z x pref]s jump+ d[n 9 front1 & sw++ itself r\nd1 to rema9+ at ! top4 ,if !re are sev]al 9 "o room !y mu/ be plac$ s z n to see ea* o!r1 or _! song w be injur$4 ,^? only are all[$ to range ^: song is v inf]ior1 & mu/ be provid$ ) a grat$ place to retire to1 or "s bran*es to p]* on4 ,^! nev] s+ s well z ^? 9 cages1 _! song appe>+ to require ! greate/ att5tion1 & h5ce !re %\ld be no?+ to di/ract !m4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 _! food 9 spr+ is all sorts ( insects1 :i* !y c>ry to _! "y 9 _! beaks2 lat] 9 ! season !y eat v>i\s k9ds ( se$s1 p9e & fir se$s1 :5 !y inhabit =e/s t conta9 !m1 l9se$1 oats1 rape1 cabbage1 & lettuce1 :i* !y "k well h[ to procure & %ell4 ,9 ! h\se !y are f$ all ! ye> on rape se$1 dri$ 9 summ]1 or1 :i* is bett]1 soak$ & swell$ 9 wat]1 on :i* food !y appe> to ?rive4 ,e day a suffici5t quantity %\ld be soak$ = ! next1 & giv5 !m fre% e morn+4 ,9 ! spr+ !y are all[$ a little hemp-se$1 or ! se$ ( ! nettle-hemp 7,galeopsis ,tetrahit71 to excite _! song1 & ?is plant is !re=e v mu* priz$ 9 ,?ur+ia2 b ^! se$s %\ld n be mix$ ) ! rape1 z 9 try+ to f9d !m !y soon scatt] _! food2 x is be/ to put x 9 a sep>ate draw] fa/5$ to ! iron wires ( ! cage1 betwe5 :i* x may be slipp$4 ,x mu/ n be omitt$ to supply !m ) gre5 vegetables1 *ickwe$1 lettuce1 & ! l2 & 9 w9t] a piece ( apple1 meal-worms1 & ants' eggs agree ) !m4 ,!y mu/ h fre% wat] regul>ly e day1 bo? to dr9k & ba! 94 ,^? t range ! room live on ! diff]5t sorts ( food !y meet )1 bread1 meat1 & all sorts ( se$s4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ ( ! *aff9* is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( birds' ne/s1 & =m$ 9 ! mo/ skilful mann]4 ,x is ! %ape ( a half globe flatt5$ on ! upp] "p1 & s p]fectly r\nd$ t x has ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 turn$ on a la!4 ,cobwebs#cf & wool fa/5 x to ! bran*1 bits ( moss ) small twigs entw9$ =m ! gr\nd-"w2 ! l9+ is compos$ ( fea!rs1 ?i/le-d[n1 ! hair ( horses & o!r animals1 :il/ ! out] cov]+ is =m$ ( ! diff]5t li*5s t gr[ on ! tree 9 :i* x is plac$1 ! :ole firmly unit$ & well cem5t$4 ,?is out] f9i% is no d\bt int5d$ to deceive an enemy's eye2 9 fact1 x is v difficult1 ev5 ) great att5tion1 to di/+ui% ! ne/ f ! b>k ( ! bran* on :i* x is fix$4 ,! female has two broods 9 ! ye>2 %e lays f ?ree to five eggs1 ( a pale blui% grey1 spott$ & /reak$ ) br[n3 ! fir/ brood 7& ?is is confirm$ 9 g5]al by obs]vations ( o!r birds7 r>ely produces any b males1 ! second only females4 ,bird-fanci]s c di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r be=e !y leave ! ne/2 ! brea/ ( ! male already discov]+ a r$di% t9t1 ! circle r\nd ! eyes be+ yell[]1 ! w+s black]1 & ! l9es t cross !m :it]1 ?\gh 9 o!r respects x resembles its "m4 ,if y wi% to be q sure1 pluck "s fea!rs f ! brea/ ( ! bird y h tak5 f ! ne/1 9 a =tnight !y w be replac$1 & ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( r$ w infallibly decide :e!r x is male or female4 ,z soon z ! tail-fea!rs beg9 to appe> !y mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/1 to prev5t ! possibility ( _! e> be+ injur$ by he>+ an imp]fect song1 = sc>cely are ! w+s & tail half gr[n ?an ^! birds beg9 to w>ble1 & to imitate ! song ( ^? ar\nd !m4 ,!y mu/ be f$ on rape se$ soak$ 9 wat] & ! crumb ( :ite bread2 x is v easy to re> !m & pres]ve !m heal?y till ! "t ( m\lt+1 b !n numb]s p]i%1 p>ticul>ly if n quickly reliev$ by be+ giv5 meal-worms & ants' eggs1 or any o!r animal food1 z bread boil$ 9 or soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,*aff9*es t h be5 re>$ ) c>e become v famili>1 & s+ at comm&1 or :5 "o approa*es _! cage 9 a fri5dly mann]4 ,if !y are wi%$ to le>n quickly & accurately1 !y %\ld be kept 9 an obscure corn] ( ! room1 & only hung up at ! w9d[s 9 ,may2 ?is is ! sure/ way to prev5t _! le>n+ any ?+ imp]fect4 ,by ^! means *aff9*es t h be5 tak5 full gr[n h =gott5 _! =m] song & adopt$ a bett]4 ,! :ole artifice consi/s 9 keep+ ! bird 9 su* retirem5t z w remove ev]y?+ t might di/ract x :5 li/5+ to a f9e song/]1 & take away ! wi% to s+ itself4 ,!re h be5 examples ( *aff9*es pair+ ) female can>ies1 & x has be5 said ) a female yell[hamm]4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 wood & g>d5 *aff9*es is unf\nd$1 at lea/ z to species2 ! eggs ( bo? are ( ! same :iti% p9k col\r4 ,,diseases4--,! disord]s to :i* ! *aff9* is mo/ subject are ! ob/ruction ( ! rump gl&#cg & di>rhoea4 ,to cure ?is an old nail or a little saffron %\ld be put 9 ! wat]4 ,:5 ! scales on ! feet become too l>ge1 ! upp] ones mu/ be cut skilfully ) a %>p knife1 or else ! bird w\ld ei!r lose ! use ( 8 limbs or become g\ty2 b ?is op]ation mu/ be p]=m$ ) great c>e4 ,bl9dness also is n uncommon1 p>ticul>ly :]e !y are f$ mu* on hemp se$4 ,?is does n1 h[ev]1 injure _! song1 & z x comes on gradually1 x does n prev5t _! f9d+ _! food & hopp+ ab\t ! p]*es4 ,by means ( prop] c>e a *aff9* may be pres]v$ tw5ty ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,) good baits ! *aff9* may easily be drawn )9 ! area or decoy f ,mi*aelmas to ,m>t9mas1 & 9 spr+ ?r\gh\t ,m>*4 ,^? t rema9 ! w9t]1 or return e>ly 9 ! ye>1 may be tak5 9 a net bait$ ) oats4 ,bird-cat*]s use 9 spr+ lures & lime twigs1 & ! sport la/s z long z ! "t ( flight1 :i* beg9s at daybreak & ends at n9e o'clock4 ,^! birds employ ! re/ ( ! day 9 seek+ food 9 ! fields1 9 re/+1 & s++4 ,9 ! same mann] are tak5 l9nets1 goldf9*es1 sisk9s1 yell[hamm]s1 & bullf9*es4 ,"s make use ( ! excessive jeal\sy ( ! males to procure ^? ^: song is v sup]ior4 ,z soon z a bird-cat*] :o likes ?is way discov]s a f9e song/] wild1 he imm$iately seeks ano!r male t is 9 ! habit ( (t5 repeat+ its natural cry1 f9k1 f9k1 ties 8 w+s1 & fa/5s to 8 tail a little =k$ /ick1 half a f+] long1 well cov]$ ) bird-lime2 ?us prep>$1 he fa/5s him "u ! tree on :i* ! "o he is wat*+ is p]*$2 ?is no soon] sees & he>s ! false rival ?an he becomes enrag$1 p\nces on him l a bird ( prey1 & is caught ) ! bird-lime2 8 attack is (t5 s viol5t t sometimes ! bird ( call is kill$ by ! /roke ( its adv]s>y4 ,! foll[+ is a sur] me?od3--a s(t1 n>r[ lea!r b& is fa/5$ r\nd a male1 to :i* is atta*$ a /r+ a foot long1 fa/5$ by a peg1 :i* all[s x b a %ort space to range4 ,?is bird1 z we h already said1 is call$1 9 bird-cat*]s' language1 a p]*]4 ,a circle ( bird-lime is made j beyond its rea*1 & a cage ) a *aff9*1 accu/om$ to s+ ei!r 9 ! %ade or expos$1 is plac$ "u a neighb\r+ bu%2 z soon z ?is la/ beg9s 8 song1 :i* %\ld be a natural "o1 n any le>n$ 9 conf9em5t1 ! *aff9* t is to be procur$ d>ts f ! tree l an arr[ on ! p]*]1 :i* x mi/akes = ! song/]1 & rema9s fix$ by ! bird-lime4 ,?is new prison] w s+ ! same ye> if x is caught be=e ,:itsuntide3 if aft]1 x w nev] s+1 b w die1 evid5tly f grief at be+ sep>at$ f its female & "y ones4 ,a bird-cat*]1 cruel z he is /upid1 :o1 )\t ! lea/ reflection1 only ?9ks ( gratify+ 8 ridicul\s passion = bird-cat*+1 may 9 an h\r deprive t5 or twelve females ( _! belov$ companions1 _! protectors1 & num]\s "y ones ( _! fa!r1 purveyor1 & support3 su* ?\ghtless cruelty is1 alas6 only too common 9 ,g]many4 ,z soon z ! "y *aff9*es h left ! ne/1 ! bird-cat*]s are v active 9 discov]+ ! places :]e at noon !y are accu/om$ to dr9k2 !re !y set p]*es cov]$ ) bird-lime1 & by ?is means _m ( ^! little unw>y creatures are tak54 ,h[ev] little memory "o ( ^! birds may h1 x is capable ( le>n+ a good song1 & be+ m robu/ ?an ^? br\ght up f ! ne/1 bird-deal]s make a good deal ( !m4 ,!y collect a great _m1 be+ sure t "s w succe$ among/ !m4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! fir/ ( ^! is und\bt$ly ! song ( ! bird2 b our amateurs are n less att5tive to ! diff]5t notes t express its passions & wants4 ,! note ( t5d]ness1 & :i* is also ?\ght to indicate a *ange ( wea!r1 is trif1 trif3 its call1 or ! rally+ note x makes use ( on its passage1 & :i* s (t5 draws x )9 ! sn>es ( our bird-cat*]s1 is ak1 ak1 repeat$ sev]al times2 ! cry f9k1 f9k1 :i* x (t5 repeats1 & f :i* its ,g]man "n is d]iv$1 appe>s1 if we may s call x1 to be me*anical & involunt>y4 ,b :at makes x appe> to /ill m advantage among o!r birds are its cle> & trill+ tones1 t seem almo/ to approa* to words2 9 fact1 its w>bl+ is less a song ?an a k9d ( battem5t1 to make use ( a ,fr5* ^w1 & is express$ 9 ,g]man by ! ^w s*lag 7trill71 :i* is us$ to designate its song z well z ! night+ale's4 ,"s *aff9*es h two1 ?ree1 f\r1 & ev5 five diff]5t battem5s1 ea* consi/+ ( sev]al /ra9s1 & la/+ sev]al m9utes4 ,?is bird is s great a fav\rite 9 ,g]many1 t n a s+le tone ( its voice has escap$ ! exp]i5c$ e>s ( our bird-fanci]s4 ,!y h obs]v$ its nice/ %ades1 & are cont9ually endeav\r+ to improve & p]fect x4 ,i confess ,i am myself "o ( its w>me/ admir]s2 ,i h con/antly ar\nd me ! be/ song/]s ( its species1 & if ,i lik$ ,i c\ld write a good siz$ volume on all ! details ( its music1 b ,i w conf9e myself to t :i* be>s mo/ on ?is subject4 ,! song ( ! *aff9* be>+ an evid5t relation to articulate s\nds1 its has be5 ?\ght to di/+ui% its diff]5t v>iations by ! f9al syllable ( ! la/ /ra94 ,! mo/ admir$ 9 ,?ur+ia are ! foll[+1 :i* ,i %all give 9 _! ord]1 & 9 _! diff]5t degrees ( sup]iority4#ch #a4 ,! ,d\ble ,trill ( ! ,h>tz 9 ,l[] ,saxony is compos$ ( six /ra9s1 r long1 ! la/ ( :i* is end$ by dwell+ on ! two f9al syllables1 :i* ,i %all express "h by ! ^w we+eh#ci4 ,i d\bt if ev] a bird 9 its wild /ate has execut$ ?is s p]fectly z ,i he>d x at ,ruhl#dj & at my own h\se4 ,art has c]ta9ly creat$ x4 ,x is ) difficulty t a *aff9* atta9s x1 if1 ) ! be/ abilities1 x has n be5 in/ruct$ f its e>lie/ y\?4 ,r>ely c x give x complete )\t leav+ any "p out4 ,on ?is acc\nt a high price mu/ be giv5 = ! little prodigy t s+s x ?r\gh1 full1 entire1 & 9 all its /r5g?4 #b4 ,! ,reit]zong1 or rid]'s pull1 fir/ he>d among ! m9]al m\nta9s ( ,saxony & ,voigtl&1 has be5 kn[n b a %ort "t 9 ,?ur+ia4 ,x may be he>d f a *aff9* 9 its wild /ate1 b ^? t h be5 in/ruct$ execute x 9 a full]1 /rong]1 & less precipitate mann]4 ,?is song consi/s ( f\r /ra9s1 ! fir/ ( :i* comm5ces 9 a high key1 & gradually desc5ds4 ,:5 9 p]fection !re is a cad5c$ pause be=e ! two la/ syllables1 :i* articulate tol]ably cle>ly reitz+ ) a zap or clapp+1 z our amateurs express x4 ,an amateur :o has nev] he>d ! d\ble trill ( ! ,h>tz w\ld n believe t a *aff9* c\ld s+ 9 a sup]ior mann] to ?is2 h[ev]1 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r ?+s1 ea* has 8 ta/e4 #c4 ,! ,w9e ,song is divid$ into f\r k9ds1 #a4 ! f9e1 or ,lngsfeld w9e song#da1 is v beautiful1 b little kn[n except 9 two or ?ree places 9 ,?ur+ia4 ,x is compos$ ( f\r /ra9s1 & to be p]fect ought to resemble a hautboy1 ! two la/ syllables articulat+ we+eh4 ,?is song has nev] be5 he>d f a wild *aff9*1 b is "o accid5tally produc$ 9 ! h\se1 & endeav\r$ to be propagat$ by education4 #b4 ,! bad w9e song is n 9 itself disagreeable1 b x is s nam$ :5 comp>$ ) ! =m]4 ,x is compos$ ( ?ree /ra9s1 ( :i* ! p5ultimate ought to s\nd zap five times1 & ! two la/ syllables articulate we+eh4 ,:5 once a wild *aff9* has be5 he>d to utt] ?is 9 ,g]many x is n long ere x is caught4 #c4 ,! %>p w9e song is n end$ by we+eh1 b we+ieh4 ,x is subdivid$ into ! common %>p1 su* z is sometimes he>d 9 ! woods1 & ! ,ruhl %>p1 :i* is an entirely artificial song1 conf9$ to ,ruhl & a few o!r villages ( ,?ur+ia4 ,x has b two /ra9s1 ( :i* ! fir/ syllables ought to s\nd z ?\gh fl[+ into ea* o!r1 & ! p5ultimate to h an acc5t4 #d4 ,! ,brutigam1 or bridegroom song1 is also divid$ into good & bad3 ! good is only he>d 9 ! h\se1 & consi/s ( two simple /ra9s2 x beg9s piano1 aft]w>ds =te1 &1 cont9u+ cresc5do1 ends 9 ! mo/ brilliant s\nd4 ,aft] ! d\ble trill ( ! ,h>tz x appe>s to my e> ! f9e/ ( all4 ,! bad is occasionally he>d 9 ! woods1 & is compos$ ( ?ree /ra9s2 b ?\gh n devoid ( sweetness1 does n please s mu* z ! =m]4 #e4 ,! ,d\ble ,trill is =m$ ( two long /ra9s1 divid$ by a cad5c$ pause1 :i* is nam$ ! %ake4 ,!y di/+ui%1 #a4 ! common1 subdivid$ into f\r2 a1 ! /rong1 b1 ! cle>1 c1 ! long1 & d1 ! %ort4 ,^! are he>d sometimes 9 ! woods & or*>ds2 b *aff9*es t s+ a or b soon become ! prey ( our bird-cat*]s4 #b4 ,! d\ble trill ( ,iamba*#db2 ?is is only to be acquir$ 9 ! h\se1 & is s deep & p[]ful t "o c sc>cely conceive h[ ! l>ynx ( s small a bird c produce su* s\nds4 ,x beg9s piano1 & swell+ its tones successively 9 cresc5do1 makes ( ! trill+ a /ra9 ( five pi]c+ tones1 aft]w>ds repeats pfaff f\r or five times1 & ends by dwell+ on ,rdidia4 ,a *aff9* t possesses ?is song1 ei!r alone1 or unit$ ) ! good bridegroom's song1 su* z are educat$ 9 ,iamba*1 sells "h = eighte5 ,fr5* francs4 #f4 ,! ,gutjahr1 or good ye> song1 is s nam$ f ! two la/ syllables1 & is also divid$1 #a4 into ! common1 t has b two /ra9s1 ( :i* ! second ought to roll five times be=e articulat+ gutjahr4 ,x is n uncommon 9 our woods4 #b4 ,! good ye> ( ! ,h>tz1 :i* has be5 acquir$ 9 ! h\se1 & consi/s ( two v s+ul> /ra9s1 9 my op9ion n v agreeable4 ,*aff9*es are v r>e n[ :i* s+ ?is1 unit$ to t ( ! w9e song ( ,ruhl1 or ! %>p song1 & _! price is consequ5tly high4 ,!y are r>ely f\nd b at ,ers5a* & ,ruhl4 #g4 ,! ,quakia song is s call$ f its la/ syllables1 & is d\ble or s+le1 "o ) "o /ra91 ! o!r ) two4 ,?is song 0 =m]ly v mu* admir$4 ,x 0 he>d 9 ! woods & h\se1 b x is n[ lo/1 z all ! wild *aff9*es t sung x h be5 tak51 & ^? 9 conf9em5t h be5 taught 9 pref]5ce ! good w9e song3 ,i believe ,i possess ! only bird t is n[ to be f\nd :i* s+s ?is4 ,to be admir$1 ! quakia mu/ be unit$ ) ! d\ble trill4 ,?is my *aff9* s+s also4 #h4 ,! ,pi?ia or ,trewe?ia1 is a v uncommon & agreeable song1 :i* is nev] he>d b 9 ! dep?s ( ! ,?ur+ian m\nta9s4 ,! bird-cat*]s ( ! villages ab\t ! =e/s ( ,hesse seek = birds t possess x1 & actively pursue ! song/]s4 ,x is fir/ a sonor\s /ra91 foll[$ by sev]al repetitions ( ! ^w zack4 ,"s birds unite to x ! common %>p w9e song1 & are m valu$4 ,! la/ syllables ought to s\nd trewidid4 ,^! eight v>ieties1 or r melodies1 are ^? mo/ ?\ght ( 9 ,saxony & ,hesse4 ,i h said t "s ( !m are he>d 9 ! woods2 b x is v r>ely t !y are sung ) s cle> & /rong a voice1 or t !y are s long & p]fect4 ,a *aff9* t kn[s only "o ( ^! v>ieties g5]ally s+s x sl[ly1 & introduces a great] numb] ( syllables4 ,its voice1 9 fact1 executes x ) m /r5g? & dep?2 if x adds to ! la/ /ra9 ! s\nd f9k1 :i* our bird-cat*]s translate by am51 x is ( ! highe/ value1 no price w be tak5 = x4 ,!re are a doz5 v>ieties 9 all2 b z !y are n uncommon1 & :at are ev]y:]e he>d1 !y are less admir$2 !y h ev5 be5 giv5 9 contempt ! "n ( pla94 ,"o ?+ wor? rem>k+ is t ! song ( ! *aff9* v>ies almo/ z mu* z ! c\ntries x inhabits4 ,x is n ! same 9 ,?ur+ia z 9 ! ,h>tz1 & ! ta/e ( amateurs diff]s equally#dc4 ,9 ,au/ria sev]al nam$ melodies are admir$1 b ,i h nev] he>d !m4 ,! *aff9* has s great a facility 9 le>n+1 t x n only imitates p]fectly ! song ( ano!r *aff9* ne> :i* x has be5 plac$ f y\?1 b be+ hung ne> a night+ale or can>y x le>ns sev]al p>ts ( _! songs1 & w\ld no d\bt give !m completely if its l>ynx 7 s =m$ t x c\ld r5d] notes s long & su/a9$2 9 f9e1 a great diff]5ce 9 memory is obs]v$ 9 ^! birds1 z well z 9 all o!rs ( ! s++ species4 ,"s require six mon?s to le>n an air t o!rs cat* on fir/ he>+1 & c repeat almo/ imm$iately2 ^! c sc>cely reta9 "o ( ! songs giv5 above2 ^? c imitate ?ree1 f\r1 &1 %\ld y wi% x1 five diff]5t ones4 ,!re are also "s t _c give "o song )\t a fault1 & we f9d o!rs t w add to x1 p]fect x1 & embelli% x4 ,"o ?+ peculi> to *aff9*es is ! necessity ( tea*+ !m _! song e ye>1 & ?is 9 ! mann] prop] = !m1 dur+ ! f\r or five weeks ?is ex]cise la/s4 ,!y fir/ utt] a murmur1 or weak w>bl+1 to :i* !y add at fir/1 9 an "u voice1 "o or two1 & aft]w>ds sev]al syllables ( _! song2 !y are !n said to record4 ,a *aff9* t takes only a week or =tnight to repeat ?is lesson = fully br++ out its voice1 is reckon$ among ! g5iuses ( its species4 ,x is kn[n t o!r birds ^: p[] ( s++ is conf9$ to a p>ticul> season1 also w>ble feebly1 & m+le ) _! w>bl+ "s =eign notes1 especially h>% & confus$ s\nds2 b none produce s\nds s peculi>1 & t h s little relation to _! own song4 ,if we pay a little att5tion1 h[ev]1 we %all f9d t ?is ex]cise is int5d$ less to awak5 ! memory ?an to r5d] ! ?roat1 /iff5$ by a tol]ably long /ate ( inaction1 m pliant1 & to br+ back its natural flexibility4 ,wild *aff9*es1 on _! return 9 spr+1 d n delay to record2 ^? 9 ! h\se soon le>n1 b !y are oblig$ to ex]cise !mselves = ne>ly two mon?s be=e !y c execute _! song to p]fection4 ,! s++ season does n g5]ally ext5d beyond ,june1 b "y *aff9*es br\ght up 9 a room prolong x to ,octob]1 & sometimes lat]4 ,"s amateurs ( ! song1 r ?an fri5ds ( ! bird1 to procure ! pleasure ( he>+ x night & day 9 all its /r5g?1 employ a v cruel & inhuman contrivance4 ,!y fir/ place ! cage 9 a v obscure place1 & accu/om ! poor little creature to f9d its food 9 ! d>k2 !y !n bl9d x1 ei!r by de/roy+ ! pupils ( ! eyes ) a r$ hot iron wire1 or by pass+ x ov] ! edges ( ! eyelids1 unite & pa/e !m completely toge!r4 ,o!rs %ut up ^! poor mutilat$ creatures 9 a cool place1 almo/ )\t air1 dur+ ! summ]1 9 ord] t :5 9 autumn !y are br\ght to ! w9d[1 & brea! ! fre% air1 !y may express _! joy by _! lively & repeat$ song4 ,:at c we ?9k ( ! he>t & morals ( p :o = a slight amusem5t ?us enjoy ! suff]+s ( a s5sitive be+ t is un=tunately 9 _! p[]8 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa montifr+illa1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,p9son d',ard5ne1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,b]gf9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is six in*es & a qu>t] 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half & ! beak half an in*2 ?is is yell[1 ) a black tip4 ,! feet1 n9e l9es high1 are d>k fle%-col\r$2 all ! fea!rs ( ! head & *eeks are black ) r$di% edges1 wid] & m di/9ct 9 "y males1 & becom+ fa9t] f age1 almo/ disappe> 9 old ones1 ^: heads become q black2 ! tail r =k$1 & black4 ,! col\rs ( ! female are m uni=m2 %e is br[n :]e ! male is black1 & only a ru/y col\r :]e he is r$4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! v>ieties produc$ by age1 & :i* are tol]ably num]\s1 )\t be+ v rem>kable1 !re are "s m rem>k$1 su* z ^? ) a :ite head1 a back q :ite1 c4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate ?is species is scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,europe2 h[ev]1 x is mo/ probable t 9 ! summ] !y only inhabit ! nor!rn p>ts4 ,dur+ ! ?ree o!r seasons !y are f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ,g]many1 p>ticul>ly :]e !re are l>ge =e/s4 ,:5 bee*-ma/ is pl5tiful 9 ,?ur+ia ! m\nta9 f9*es assemble 9 imm5se numb]s1 x is suppos$ m ?an #ajj1jjj4 ,9 ! h\se !y are kept 9 a cage or n1 accord+ z !y are e/eem$2 :]e !y are common !y are n ?\ght wor?y ( "o1 b all[$ to range at w4 ,,food4--,wild1 & 9 conf9em5t1 x is ! same z ! *aff9*'s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is bird's note ( call is ak1 ak1 quk1 & z ! two fir/ s\nds are ! same z t ( ! *aff9*1 !y w come at its call1 & fly 9 its company4 ,!y also af=d ! be/ sport ) a net1 = 9 autumn hundr$s may be tak5 at "o ca/4 ,9 w9t] !y are caught ne> b>ns "u nets1 or ev5 "u common sieves2 & 9 spr+ on a decoy bu%1 at ! call ( ! *aff9*1 if "o ( its own species _c be procur$4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,we _c boa/ ( sweetness 9 ! song ( ?is bird1 z x consi/s ( l[ :i/l+1 or a k9d ( w>bl+1 int]mix$ at int]vals ) a %rill rait*1 ! :ole some:at resembl+ ! fir/ ex]cises ( ! *aff9*2 b ?is wret*$ w>bl+ may be improv$ by education4 ,a m\nta9 f9* plac$ by ! side ( a *aff9* t sung well1 le>nt to imitate x tol]ably1 b ,i mu/ confess t x nev] atta9$ great p]fection4 ,i %\ld w>n bird-fanci]s :o wi% to keep ^! birds = ! beauty ( _! plumage1 n to let !m range ) _m companions1 = !y are qu>relsome1 & v lavi% 9 di/ribut+ sev]e pecks1 especially if food is n v abundant4 ,9 ,?ur+ia !y are kept 9 cages to be employ$ z lures 9 ! area or decoy enclosure4 ,x is said t x is easi] to tea* !m to g & come ?an ! *aff9*4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,sp>r[4 ,pass] dome/ica1 ,,ray2 ,le ,mo9eau franc1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,haussp]l+1 ,,be*/e94 ,?\gh ?is & ! foll[+ species _c be reckon$ among ^? t are pleasant 9 a room1 yet ,i mu/ n omit !m on acc\nt ( _! be+ easily pres]v$1 & ?\gh di/+ui%$ nei!r = _! song nor _! col\rs1 yet !y make up = ! want ( ^! by agreeable qualities1 t _m1 mu* m admir$1 d n possess4 ,x is almo/ sup]flu\s to describe a species s well kn[n4 ,! total l5g? is five in*es & ?ree qu>t]s2 ! beak ?ick & blue black2 ! feet greyi% br[n2 ! top ( ! head & *eeks greyi% a%-col\r$ ) a broad *e/nut /reak beh9d ! eyes1 else:]e surr\nd$ ) black4 ,! female diff]s a good deal1 ! upp] "p ( ! body be+ greyi% r$1 spott$ ) black on ! back1 & ! "u "p ( a dusky greyi% :ite4 ,! "y males be=e _! fir/ m\lt+ v mu* resemble _! mo!rs4 ,! v>ieties kn[n "h are ! :ite1 ! yell[1 ! tawny1 ! black1 ! blue1 ! a%-col\r$1 & ! /reak$4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate1 x haunts ! vic9ity ( h\ses2 :5 conf9$1 x is all[$ to range ! room4 ,,food4--,if1 un=tunately1 x is too true t ! sp>r[s cause great injury 9 ripe fields ( :eat1 b>ley1 & peas1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t !y are v useful 9 our or*>ds & g>d5s1 by de/roy+1 9 ! spr+1 ?\s&s ( insects1 on :i* !y fe$ _! "y ones z well z !mselves#dd4 ,9 ! h\se1 !y fe$ on any k9d ( food3 oats1 hemp se$1 or rape se$4 ,,bre$+4--,small op5+s "u ! tiles1 crevices 9 walls1 empty m>t9's ne/s1 are ! places !y appropriate = bre$+1 & !y l9e _! ne/ ?ickly ) fea!rs4 ,! female has two or ?ree broods e season1 & has f five to sev5 "y ones at a "t4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,sp>r[s are s cunn+ t x is difficult to attract !m )9 ! net or on lime twigs4 ,!y may be caught 9 numb]s h[ev] on ! brambles 9 a field :]e %eep are kept1 by /ick+ pl5ty ( bird-lime ab\t !m4 ,!y may be tak5 also by plac+ a net be=e ^? t h retir$ to *]ry trees & "u ! tiles to sleep = ! night4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! bird-fanci] :o enjoys see+ sev]al birds runn+ ab\t ! room1 w1 ) pleasure1 admit ! sp>r[ among !m1 & may amuse himself especially by obs]v+ x bre$ & produce mules ) ! h5 tree-sp>r[4 ,a j> or cup plac$ 9 a corn] w s]ve z _! nuptial b$4 ,a male tree-sp>r[ ) a h5 sp>r[ does n succe$4 ,! sp>r[ may be easily taught to g & come at comm&1 by *oos+ w9t] z ! "t to effect x4 ,x is necess>y fir/ to keep x a mon? ne> ! w9d[ 9 a l>ge cage suppli$ ) ! be/ food1 su* z millet1 meal1 or :ite bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,x w ev5 g !re to deposit its eggs if a small box is plac$ 9 ! cage1 ) an op5+ = x to ent] at4 ,f9ally1 no bird becomes m famili>1 or te/ifies m atta*m5t to its ma/]4 ,its actions are v lively1 confid+1 & delicate4 ,a soldi]1 says ,buffon1 _h a sp>r[ :i* foll[$ him e :]e1 & knew him 9 ! mid/ ( ! regim5t4 ,,! ,,tree ,,sp>r[1 ,,la?4 ,pass] montana1 ,,ray2 ,friquet1 ou ,mo9eau des haies1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,feldsp]l+1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is m beautiful ?an ! prec$+4 ,9 l5g? x is five in*es & a half2 ! beak is dusky2 ! feet are blui% fle%-col\r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! head z f> z ! nape ( ! neck is r$di% br[n2 ! *eeks are :ite ) a black spot2 a :ite r+ surr\nds ! neck2 ! back is spott$ ) black & r$2 ! l[] "p ( ! back & ! rump are grey br[n2 ! ?roat :ite1 ! brea/ light a%-col\r$2 ! belly dusky :ite2 ! quill fea!rs & tail are d>k br[n2 ! less] w+-cov]ts ru/-r$2 ! great]1 black ) r$ edges & :ite tips1 :i* =m two transv]se b>s4 ,two v>ieties are kn[n1 ! :ite & /reak$4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate1 !y are n only f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 b also 9 ! nor? ( ,asia & ,am]ica4 ,9 ,g]many & ,engl& x is n s common z ! h\se sp>r[1 = 9 "s prov9ces x is nev] se54 ,x frequ5ts g>d5s1 or*>ds1 & fields ab\nd+ ) trees & h$ges4 ,9 ,septemb]1 l>ge flights are se5 to fall ^u ! ripe fields ( b>ley & oats4 ,9 ! h\se x is let run ab\t l ! =m]1 :i* x does v awkw>dly f hav+ %ort legs1 & ?is gives x ! appe>ance ( dragg+ along on its belly4 ,x is only kept 9 a cage 9 c\ntries :]e x is v r>e4 ,,food4--,?is is ! same z t ( ! prec$+4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ mu/ be s\ght 9 ! holes ( fruit trees1 or 9 holl[ will[s at ! wat]'s edge2 x bre$s twice 9 ! ye>4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is ! same z ! prec$+2 b be+ less di/ru/ful & cunn+1 x is easily entic$ "u a sieve plac$ be=e a b>n 9 w9t]4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its plumage is pretti] ?an ! prec$+1 its song is also less %ort & monoton\s2 b x is weak1 & :5 x might be sweet1 x is lo/ among ! o!r songs 9 ! room4 ,! tree sp>r[ might be accu/om$ 9 ! c\ntry to g & come at comm& by treat+ x 9 ! mann] describ$ ) respect to ! h\se sp>r[4 ,x is m difficult to pres]ve x1 & x g5]ally dies ( decl9e4 ,,! ,,common ,,l9net4 ,illu/ration ,fr+illa cannab9a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,l9otte1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,lann+1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is well-kn[n bird is m ?an five in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures two in*es & a half4 ,! beak1 six l9es long1 is dusky blue 9 summ]1 & 9 w9t] greyi% :ite1 ) ! po9t br[n2 ! iris d>k br[n2 ! feet1 eight l9es high1 are black4 ,!re are "s v /rik+ v>ieties produc$ by ! season & age 9 ! plumage ( ! male1 :i* are n obs]v$ 9 ! female1 & ^! h caus$ great confusion 9 works on birds1 s mu*1 t bird-cat*]s are /ill p]suad$ ^! birds1 9 a diff]5t dress1 are di/9ct species4 ,in/ruct$ by long exp]i5ce & ! obs]vations ( _m ye>s1 ,i hope to %[ 9 my description t our common l9net 7,fr+illa ,l9ota1 ,l9nu71 ! great] r$pole 7,fr+illa cannab9a1 ,l9nu71 &1 accord+ to all appe>ance1 ! m\nta9 l9net 7,fr+illa montana1 ,l9nu71 are "o & ! same species4 ,a male ?ree ye>s old or less1 is di/+ui%$ 9 spr+ by ! foll[+ col\rs1 & by ! "n ( r$pole4 ,! =ehead is blood r$1 ! re/ ( ! head r$di% a%-col\r$1 ! top r spott$ ) black2 ! *eek1 sides ( ! neck1 & ! circle r\nd ! eyes1 h a r$di% :ite t9t2 ! fea!rs ( ! back are *e/nut ) ! edges light]2 ! upp] tail-cov]ts are black edg$ ) r$di% :ite2 ! ?roat & "u "p ( ! neck are yell[i% :ite1 ) "s da%es ( r$di% grey2 ! sides ( ! brea/ are blood r$ edg$ ) r$di% :ite1 ! sides ( ! belly are pale ru/-col\r$2 ! re/ ( ! "u "p ( ! body is r$di% :ite2 ! great] w+ cov]ts are black1 bord]$ ) r$di% :ite1 ! o!rs are ru/y br[n ) a light] bord]4 ,! quill-fea!rs are black tipp$ ) :ite1 ! fir/ are edg$ ) :ite ne>ly to ! po9t1 ! n>r[ be>d =ms a p>allel :ite /reak to ! quill-fea!rs2 ! tail is black & =k$1 ! f\r out] fea!rs on bo? sides h a broad :ite bord]1 t ( ! two middle fea!rs is n>r[]1 & r$di% :ite4 ,aft] m\lt+1 9 autumn1 little r$ is se5 on ! =ehead1 because ! fea!rs become col\r$ f ! bottom to ! top2 ! brea/ has n yet acquir$ its r$ t9t1 = ! :ite bord] is /ill too wide2 b :5 w9t] comes its col\rs appe>4 ,males "o ye> old h no r$ on ! head1 & m da%es ( black2 ! brea/ is pale r$ wav$ ) pale & d>k1 ! "u "p ( ! fea!rs on ! brea/ is only a bright r$di% grey br[n1 ! edges ( ^! fea!rs are ( a r$di% :ite2 ! back ru/-col\r has "s deta*$ spots ( d>k br[n & r$di% :ite4 ,^! birds are kn[n "u ! "n ( grey l9nets4 ,aft] ! second m\lt+1 if ! r$di% grey fea!rs are bl[n aside1 blood r$ specks may be discov]$ on ! =ehead1 & ! r$ ( ! brea/ is only hidd5 by ! wide yell[i% :ite bord]s to ! fea!rs2 ^! are ! yell[ l9nets1 or ! rock l9nets1 z !y are call$ 9 ,?ur+ia4 ,i h myself tak5 l9nets ^: =eheads & brea/s h be5 bright r$di% yell[ in/ead ( blood r$1 a col\r1 9 fact1 t sometimes1 9 ! h\se1 becomes blood r$4 ,bird-cat*]s give ^! also ! "n ( yell[ l9nets4 ,x is a det]ioration ( ! r$ caus$ by illness dur+ m\lt+1 or by old age1 & !y are n wrong 9 reg>d+ !m z ! be/ & ! f9e/ s+]s4 ,i h tak5 sev]al1 b on acc\nt ( _! sc>city1 ,i h always kept !m = myself4 ,_! song 0 v f9e & cle>1 b !y _c be tam$1 & h g5]ally di$ soon ( sorr[ & melan*oly1 f :i* ,i conclude t !y 7 v old4 ,besides ^! ?ree diff]5t v>ieties ( plumage ( ! males1 !re are sev]al cl\d$1 produc$ by ! seasons & old age2 = in/ance1 ! old] !y become1 ! r$d] ! head is4 ,i h 9 my cab9et all ! gradations ( ?is *ange4 ,birds br\ght up 9 ! h\se nev] acquire ! f9e r$ on ! =ehead & brea/1 b rema9 grey l ! males ( "o ye> old2 on ! o!r h&1 old ones1 r$ :5 br\ght into ! h\se1 lose _! beautiful col\rs at ! fir/ m\lt+1 & rema9+ grey l ! "y ones1 are no m ?an grey l9nets4 ,?is diff]5ce ( col\r does n take place 9 ! females1 :i* are small] ?an ! males2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is grey /reak$ ) dusky br[n & yell[i% :ite1 on ! rump ) greyi% br[n & r$di% :ite2 ^! spots are m num]\s on ! brea/2 ! w+-cov]ts are a dusky *e/nut4 ,! females are di/+ui%$ 9 ! ne/ by ! back be+ m grey ?an br[n1 & by ! numb] ( /reaks on ! brea/1 :i* resembles t ( ! l>k2 bird-fanci]s leave ^! 9 ! ne/ & take only ! males4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! l9nets are spread ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,9 ! summ] !y frequ5t ! skirts ( l>ge =e/s1 ?ickets1 h$ges1 & bu%es1 p>ticul>ly furze2 b z soon z ,septemb] arrives1 !y pass 9 l>ge flights to ! fields4 ,!y are w&]+ birds1 t 9 w9t] g hi!r & ?i!r seek+ food 9 places free f sn[1 b 9 ,m>* !y return to _! native places4 ,9 conf9em5t x is be/ to keep !m 9 squ>e cages1 z !y are less subject to gidd9ess 9 ^! ?an 9 r\nd ones1 & s+ bett]4 ,!y are n (t5 all[$ to range ! room1 z !y are v indol5t1 rema9+ immoveable 9 ! same place1 & runn+ ! risk ( be+ trodd5 on2 b if a small tree or a roo/ be plac$ 9 a corn]1 !y may be let out ( ! cage ) safety1 z !y w rema9 p]*$ !re1 only leav+ x to eat or dr9k1 & w s+ all day long4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 _! food is all k9ds ( se$s t !y c %ell1 & ^! rema9 9 ! crop "s "t to be moi/5$ be=e pass+ into ! /oma*4 ,9 ! h\se1 x is only summ] rape se$1#de :i* ne$ n be soak$ 9 wat] = !m1 z = ! *aff9*1 s9ce1 hav+ a mu* /rong] crop & /oma*1 !y c dige/ mu* bett]4 ,x is n necess>y always to give !m hemp se$ ) x1 & !y mu/ n be f$ abundantly1 = tak+ little ex]cise1 !y easily become fat1 & sometimes die f ?is cause2 b a little salt mix$ ) _! food is useful1 z x pres]ves !m f _m diseases1 & !y l x4 ,:5 l9nets are all[$ to run ab\t1 !y w fe$ ) ! o!r birds on ! common univ]sal pa/e2 b !y mu/ be giv5 gre5 vegetables1 wat]1 & s&1 z !y are v fond ( ba?+ & du/+ !mselves4 ,,bre$+4--,l9nets h two broods 9 ! ye>4 ,!y lay f f\r to six eggs = ea*1 ( a blui% :ite1 speckl$ ) r$di% br[n1 especially at ! l>ge end4 ,_! ne/ plac$ 9 a h$ge1 a :ite or black-?orn1 or1 if 9 a c\ntry :]e !y are common1 on a v9e1 or a furze bu%1 is compos$ ( small twigs1 dri$ grass & moss1 & l9$ ) wool1 ! hair ( horses1 & o!r animals4 ,! p>5t birds fe$ _! "y ones f _! beaks1 & d n discont9ue x if prison]s 9 ! same cage4 ,if ! "y ones are to be taught a new song1 !y mu/ be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 ! %afts ( ! fea!rs are j appe>+1 t !y may h no idea ( _! p>5ts' song4 ,! males may be easily di/+ui%$ by _! :ite coll>1 & f hav+ ! mo/ :ite ab\t ! w+s & tail4 ,,diseases4--,! mo/ common disord]s ( ?is species are con/ipation1 atrophy1 & epilepsy4 ,a l9net1 h[ev]1 w1 9 g5]al1 live f t5 to twelve ye>s 9 ! h\se4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds are di/ru/ful & suspici\s1 &1 not)/&+ decoys & p]*+ birds1 x is v difficult to entice !m )9 ! decoy or area1 & nev] _m toge!r4 ,9 ! spr+1 by means ( a good decoy-bird1 a few may be tak5 on a decoy-bu%4 ,9 ! autumn1 by fa/5+ sn>es or lime twigs to ! /alks ( lettuces1 ( ! se$s ( :i* ! l9nets are v fond1 sev]al may be tak54 ,our %eph]ds turn & support ! cribs1 us$ to fe$ ! %eep f1 9 su* a mann]1 t ! l9nets1 com+ to ga!r ! gra9s ( salt1 easily ov]turn !m on !mselves4 ,! call ( ! l9net is gck]4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! agreeable1 brilliant1 & flute-l song ( ! l9net1 consi/s ( sev]al /ra9s1 succe$+ ea* o!r v h>moni\sly4 ,our amateurs consid] its beauty to dep5d on !re be+ (t5 m+l$ ) x "s acute & sonor\s tones1 t a little resemble ! cr[+ ( a cock1 & h made p say t ?is bird cr[s4 ,its song is only int]rupt$ dur+ ! ye> by m\lt+4 ,a "y "o tak5 f ! ne/1 :i* may be easily br\ght up on a mixture ( ! wett$ crumb ( :ite bread1 soak$ rape se$1 & eggs boil$ h>d1 n only le>ns ! songs ( diff]5t birds t x he>s 9 ! room1 su* z night+ales1 l>ks1 & *aff9*es1 b if kept by itself1 airs & melodies t are :i/l$ to x1 & w ev5 le>n to repeat "s words4 ,( all h\se birds1 ?is1 f ! s(tness & flute-l s\nd ( its voice1 gives ! airs t x is taught 9 ! neate/ & mo/ agreeable mann]4 ,x is also "o ( ^? t pay be/2 "s "h co/ f ?ree to five rix-doll>s :5 !y c w>ble an air prec$$ & foll[$ by a gr& fl\ri% z ( trumpets4 ,! weav]s & %oemak]s (t5 br+ up _m ( ^! birds4 ,x is v pleas+ & surpris+ to he> a "y l9net t is well taught by a night+ale4 ,i h "o1 ^: imitations are z p]fect z possible4 ,x amuses me ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 b especially :5 my night+ales are sil5t4 ,l9nets may be accu/om$ to g & come at comm&1 by treat+ !m 9 _! y\?1 or 9 ! w9t]1 z ,i h direct$ = ! h\se-sp>r[2 b z !y are m timid1 x is necess>y to be m c>eful4 ,x is common = a male l9net to pair ) a h5 can>y1 & _! prog5y c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! grey can>y4 ,!y s+ delightfully1 & le>n diff]5t airs ) great facility4 ,x is well kn[n1 t among l9nets1 "s are f9] w>bl]s ?an o!rs1 & t1 z ) _m o!r birds1 ! old ones s+ bett] ?an ! "y2 on :i* acc\nt1 yell[ l9nets1 be+ ! olde/1 are ! mo/ valu$4 ,,! ,,less] ,,r$pole4 ,fr+illa ,l9>ia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,siz]91 ou ,petite ,l9otte des ,vignes1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,fla*sf9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,9 its plumage ?is bird resembles ! l9net2 b 9 its actions & %ape x m resembles ! sisk94 ,x is five in*es & "o qu>t] 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & "o qu>t]2 ! beak1 f\r l9es long1 is v %>p & yell[2 its %anks1 eight l9es high1 are black2 ! top ( ! head is a brilliant crimson2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is d>k br[n1 spott$ ) :ite & ru/ yell[2 ! rump is rose-col\r$2 ! ?roat black2 ! fea!rs on ! "u "p ( ! neck & brea/ are bright rose-col\r$1 edg$ ) :ite2 ! re/ ( ! "u "p is :ite4 ,! plumage ( ! female is light]2 ! brea/ is n rose-col\r$1 except t :5 v old x acquires a slight t9t1 z well z ! rump2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is spott$ ) :ite & deep br[n1 & ! brea/ is r speckl$ ) ! same col\rs4 ,! latt] *>act]i/ics s]ve to di/+ui% ! females f "y males1 t also are )\t ! rose-col\r on ! brea/1 b h ! ru/-col\r$ & d>k br[n back ( ! old] birds4 ,! males1 conf9$ to ! h\se1 lose1 at ! fir/ m\lt+1 ! f9e rose-col\r$ brea/1 &1 at ! second1 ! crimson ( ! head1 :i* g5]ally *anges to a gre5i% yell[4 ,i h a male bird1 ! top ( ^: head became1 at ! ?ird m\lt+1 ( a f9e gold5 yell[1 & has reta9$ its brilliancy = six ye>s4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! less] r$pole is f\nd 9 e "p ( ,europe2 yet we mu/ consid] ! nor? z its native home1 ,scotl&1 ,sw$51 ,lapl&1 ,norway1 & ,gre5l&4 ,great flights arrive among/ u at ! end ( ,octob]1 & leave u 9 ,m>* & ,april4 ,9 w9t]1 !y frequ5t places plant$ ) ald]s1 ! se$s ( :i* !y appe> v fond (4 ,!y are pr9cipally f\nd 9 company ) sisk9s4 ,9 ! h\se1 x %[s (f its beautiful plumage1 :i*1 alas6 does n reta9 t beauty long1 x is (t5 plac$ 9 a pretty cage1 b mo/ commonly all[$ to range ?r\gh a room4 ,,food4--,:5 at lib]ty1 ! se$ ( ! ald] is :at ^! birds seek mo/ eag]ly2 b !y d n despise ! se$s ( flax1 hemp1 & ev5 fir1 & _m o!r k9ds4 ,be+ entirely gra9-eat+ birds1 _! crop has ! p[] ( s(t5+ ! food be=e x passes into ! /oma*4 ,9 ! h\se1 if 9 a cage1 !y eat poppy1 rape1 & hemp se$2 :5 at l>ge1 ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e4 ,,bre$+4--,occasionally a few /raggl]s bre$ ) u1 b ?is is r>e4 ,,diseases4--,! disord]s ( ?is species are ! same z ^? ( ! sisk92 b _! feet are (t5] diseas$1 & ! toes sk9 (f "o aft] ! o!r4 ,!y may be kept f eight to t5 ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 ! spr+ & autumn1 ! less] r$poles may be tak5 9 flocks 9 ! area1 or b>n-floor trap1 ) a decoy ( _! own species1 or ev5 ) a sisk94 ,_m may also be caught ) su* a decoy on a decoy-bu%4 ,!y are s silly1 or s confid+1 t !y w ev5 all[ !mselves to be tak5 close by ! bird-cat*]1 :o is collect+ _! entrapp$ companions4 ,?is /upidity1 or simplicity1 is common 9 all birds t come f ! m remote nor!rn p>ts4 ,br\ght up f> f man1 & out ( rea* ( 8 pursuit1 !y "k n t fe> & di/ru/ :i* is felt by ^? t inhabit popul\s c\ntries4 ,_! call is peweet & crec1 creck hewid4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! less] r$pole pleases ! eye m ?an ! e>2 its feeble w>bl+ be+ only1 if ,i may ?us express x1 a l[ cont9u$ click+4 ,x may be taught to draw wat] m easily ?an ! goldf9*1 & x w also le>n _m o!r little manoeuvres1 = x becomes v famili>1 & w eat z soon z x is let loose aft] its capture4 ,! mutual t5d]ness ( ! male & female is v pleas+4 ,!y are cont9ually c>ess+ ea* o!r ) _! bills1 & ev5 d ! same to sisk9s1 l9nets1 goldf9*es1 & can>ies1 f :i* x appe>s v likely t !y w\ld pair ) ^! birds4 ,,! ,,goldf9*4 ,illu/ration ,fr+illa ,c>duelis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,*>donn]et1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,di/elf9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,beauty ( plumage1 says ,buffon1 s(tness ( voice1 quickness ( in/9ct1 rem>kable clev]ness1 prov$ docility1 t5d] affection1 are all unit$ 9 ?is delightful little bird2 & if x 7 r>e1 or if x came f a =eign c\ntry1 x w\ld !n be valu$ z x des]ves4 ,x is five in*es & ?ree qu>t]s 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak1 five l9es long1 v po9t$1 & r flatti% at ! sides1 is :iti%1 ) ! po9t horn-col\r$4 ,! %anks1 six l9es high1 are delicate & br[ni%4 ,! front ( ! head is a f9e crimson1 sometimes sc>let2 a wide bord] ( ! same col\r surr\nds ! "u base ( ! beak2 ! bridle1 z x is call$1 is black2 ! top ( ! head is black1 :i* col\r ext5ds d[nw>ds1 f ! nape on ea* side1 divid+ ! :ite on ! *eeks f ! :ite spot on ! h9d] "p ( ! neck2 ! "u "p ( ! neck is :ite2 ! h9d] "p & ! back are f9e br[n4 ,! female is r small]1 & has n s mu* r$ r\nd ! bill2 ! bridle is br[ni%2 ! *eeks are mix$ ) light br[n2 ! less] w+ cov]ts are br[n2 ! back d>k br[n4 ,! size1 or ! want ( "s :ite spots at ! tips ( ! fea!rs1 d n s]ve to di/+ui%$ ! male f ! female1 z "s bird-cat*]s say2 nor ought we ei!r to imag9e t ! size or numb] ( ^! spots con/itute diff]5t v>ieties2 = all ^! di/9ctions are accid5tal1 & dep5d on physical /r5g? & age4 ,our bird-cat*]s ?9k ! l>ge ones t are ne>ly ! %ape ( ! great] r$pole =m a di/9ct species1 & !y give !m ! "n ( ,fir ,goldf9*es1 because !y say !y always build 9 fir =e/s4 ,^? t d n exce$ ! size ( ! r$-brea/1 !y call ,or*>d ,goldf9*es1 because !y suppose !y always build 9 or*>ds4 ,b ^! diff]5ces & pret5ces are imag9>y1 because bo? are f\nd ( diff]5t sizes1 ! or*>d goldf9* l>ge1 & ! fir1 or wood goldf9*1 q small4 ,! "y ones t are hat*$ fir/ are always /rong] & l>g] ?an ^? hat*$ la/1 because !y (t5 c>ry (f ! food int5d$ = ! latt]1 &1 !re=e1 be+ bett] f$1 !y become l>g] & /rong]4 ,?is is suffici5t to expla9 ! diff]5ce ( size 9 diff]5t individuals ( ! same species4 ,! foll[+ v>ieties are bett] e/abli%$3--#a4 ,! goldf9*1 ) a yell[ brea/2 #b4 ,) a :ite head2 #c4 ,) ! head black--f\r "y ones ( ?is v>iety 7 f\nd 9 ! same ne/2 #d4 ,! :ite goldf9*2 #e4 ,& ! black goldf9*1 ?is be+ ei!r entirely black1 :i* (t5 happ5s 9 a cage1 f giv+ x too mu* hemp se$1 or f old age2 or x only reta9s ! yell[ spot on ! w+s1 :i* is also occasion$ by captivity4 ,m4 ,s*ilba*1 sup]9t5dant ( ! m5ag]ie ( ,cassel1 tri$ an exp]im5t on a :ole brood4 ,he depriv$ ! birds ( ! light ( ! sun1 ev5 cov]$ ! cage ) a piece ( clo?1 &1 by ^! means1 obta9$ v black goldf9*es1 ) only ! yell[ spot on ! w+s2 b !y *ang$ col\r aft] m\lt+4 ,^? 9 :i* ! black does n *ange are v old4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a sign ( approa*+ dea?4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate goldf9*es are f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ,europe1 frequ5t+ or*>ds1 brambles1 ?ickets1 & m\nta9\s di/ricts1 int]sp]s$ ) wood & fields1 dur+ ! summ]4 ,^! birds are /ation>y1 n *ang+ _! haunts 9 w9t]2 !y m]ely assemble 9 ! autumn 9 families1 or r 9 little flocks ( fifte5 or tw5ty1 seek+ "h & !re places ab\nd+ 9 ?i/les1 & only :5 ! sn[ becomes too deep leav+ su* localities = o!rs m accessible4 ,9 ! h\se1 if kept 9 a cage1 ?is %\ld be a squ>e "o1 because ^! birds d n l hopp+ ab\t ! upp] "p1 z !y w\ld be =c$ to d1 if 9 a bell-%ap$ cage1 & also incl9$ to sw+ r\nd4 ,:5 !y run on ! floor !y %\ld be giv5 a small artificial tree = a roo/2 = !y l to p]* on ?is :il/ s++ z well z sleep+4 ,,food4--,_! food1 :5 wild1 consi/s ( all k9ds ( small se$s1 su* z lettuce1 goats'-be>d1 scorzon]a1 ?i/le1 radi%1 & can>y se$4 ,) u1 9 ! h\se1 !y are pr9cipally f$ on poppy1 hemp se$1 prop]ly v>i$ ) lettuce1 rape1 & can>y se$4 ,if all[$ to range1 ! second univ]sal pa/e agrees v well ) !m4 ,i h a goldf9*1 :i* appe>s 9 good heal?1 & eats n only ( all ! vegetables br\ght to table1 b also meat1 ?\gh1 9 _! wild /ate1 ^! birds nev] t\* insects#df4 ,!y mu/ h gre5 food occasionally1 su* z *ickwe$1 wat]-cresses1 lettuce1 or endive4 ,^! birds fe$ l>gely1 :5 loose 9 ! room1 r>ely leav+ ! food-di%1 & driv+ (f1 if !y c1 ) l\d cries1 any ( _! companions :o wi% to approa*4 ,!y w all[ ^? birds1 h[ev]1 to fe$ peaceably ) !m1 t be> "s analogy to _! species1 at lea/1 9 ! nature ( ! /oma*1 su* z ! can>y1 sisk91 & especially ! less] r$pole1 )\t di/9ction ( male or female4 ,,bre$+4--,! goldf9* pref]s build+ 9 l>ge or*>ds1 at ! tops ( trees1 on weak & t]m9al bran*es4 ,x makes ! mo/ beautiful ne/ ( any ( our birds1 except ! *aff9*1 x be+ f9ely r\nd$1 v elegant & firm4 ,! out] "p is con/ruct$ ( f9e moss1 li*5s1 /alks ( grass1 & sl5d] twigs2 ! :ole be+ int]wov5 ) ! greate/ nicety4 ,! int]ior is l9$ ) wool1 horse-hair1 & ! cotton or d[n ( ! ?i/le#dg1 or will[4 ,! female has r>ely m ?an "o brood 9 ! ye>1 unless %e has be5 di/urb$1 &1 9 ?is case1 ! numb] ( eggs is always dim9i%$2 on ?is acc\nt goldf9*es nev] appe> to increase 9 numb]4 ,on a sea-gre5 gr\nd1 ! eggs h pale r$ spots & speckles1 m+l$ ) /reaks ( r$di% black1 :i* (t5 =m a circle at ! l>ge end4 ,! p>5t birds disgorge ! food into ! "y ones' ?roats4 ,be=e ! fir/ m\lt+ ! heads ( ! "y birds are grey4 ,if x is only wi%$ to take male birds f ! ne/1 all t h a :iti% r+ r\nd ! root ( ! beak1 mu/ be left4 ,!y mu/ be br\ght up on poppy-se$ & ! crumb ( :ite bread1 soak$ 9 milk or wat]4 ,( all ! natural songs ( birds1 !y imitate mo/ easily & p]fectly t ( ! can>y2 !y also pair ) ! can>y1 & produce toge!r fruitful "y ones4 ,= ?is purpose1 a male goldf9* is pair$ ) "o or two female can>ies1 :i* succe$s bett] ?an by plac+ a male can>y ) a female goldf9*2 ! =m] be+ m amor\s1 mo/ fav\rs ?is union1 p>ticul>ly if educat$ f y\?4 ,! fruit ( ?is union are n less di/+ui%$ = ! beauty ( _! plumage1 (t5 yell[1 ) ! head1 w+s1 & tail1 ( ! goldf9*1 ?an = ! sweetness ( _! song1 :e!r natural or acquir$4 ,if y are afraid t a pair ( can>ies y value1 may n hat* _! eggs z y wi%1 place !m 9 ! ne/ ( a goldf9* 9 y\r or*>d1 & y may be c]ta9 t !y w be prop]ly matur$1 & ! "y ones br\ght up 9 ! be/ mann]4 ,:5 !y are ready to fly1 place !m 9 a cage1 & susp5d x by ! side ( ! ne/ till !y c fe$ !mselves4 ,by ?is means y w h no tr\ble ) _! education4 ,illu/ration3 ,,can>y ,,cage ,,= ,,p>l\r4 ,,diseases4--,epilepsy is "o ( ! commone/ disord]s ( ?is bird4 ,if ! eyes are weak & swoll51 ano9t !m ) fre% butt]4 ,/upor & gidd9ess be+ v prop]ly attribut$ to too great a use ( hemp se$1 x is be/ to suppress x entirely1 & supply its place ) ! se$ ( lettuce & ?i/les4 ,?is latt] is s b5eficial1 t x w\ld be well to give !m1 f "t to "t1 a head to pluck ! se$s = !mselves4 ,old age makes !m bl9d1 & deprives !m ( _! beautiful col\rs2 yet1 not)/&+ all ! evils ) :i* !y are afflict$1 9 a cage a goldf9* has be5 kn[n to live sixte5 ye>s1 & ev5 tw5ty1 or tw5ty-f\r ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 spr+ ^! birds are tak5 on a lure bu%1 ) a decoy bird ( _! own species4 ,!y w also ent] ! area1 or b>n-floor trap1 ) *aff9*es1 if bundles ( ?i/les are plac$ !re2 b x is n )\t difficulty1 = !y are v wat*ful to avoid nets & lime-twigs4 ,9 ! w9t]1 by build+ up bundles ( ?i/les1 & plac+ sn>es & traps on !m1 sev]al may be caught2 b 9 autumn & spr+ lime-twigs %\ld be plac$ on !m 9 pref]5ce4 ,x is a /ill bett] plan to place bundles ( ?i/les 9 a tree /uck ab\t ) lime-twigs4 ,! goldf9*'s call is tziflit1 or /iclit1 :i* is its "n 9 ,bohemia4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! goldf9* is a v beautiful1 lively1 active bird1 always 9 motion1 & turn+ cont9ually to ! "r & left4 ,its agreeable song1 :i* is only discont9u$ dur+ m\lt+1 is a mixture ( tones & h>monies1 m or less dwelt ^u1 & ! (t5] ! s\nd f9k is introduc$ ! m x is admir$ among/ u4 ,!re are "s goldf9*es t utt] x only once or twice 9 _! /ra9s1 :il/ o!rs w repeat x f\r or five times foll[+4 ,?is species le>n ) difficulty to repeat airs f ! flageolet1 or o!r birds' songs1 & 9 ?is respect is inf]ior to can>ies & l9nets2 b x is rem>kable = its docility4 ,goldf9*es h be5 se5 to let (f a small cannon1 & imitate dea?4 ,:5 prop]ly in/ruct$ !y w draw up _! food & wat]4 ,!y are taught ?is by means ( a *a9 or pulley1 furni%$ ) a s(t lea!r b&1 two l9es wide1 pi]c$ ) f\r holes1 ?r\gh :i* ! w+s & feet are to be pass$2 ! two ends meet+ "u ! belly1 & are reta9$ !re by a r+1 to :i* is fa/5$ ! *a9 t supports ! bucket conta9+ ! wat] or food4 ,:5ev] ! little wat]man wants ei!r1 he draws up ! *a9 ) 8 beak1 fix+ x at int]vals ) 8 foot1 & ?us succe$s 9 obta9+ :at he wi%es2 b if 8 little buckets are susp5d$ to a pulley1 rais+ "o makes ! o!r desc5d1 & he c only enjoy 8 food & wat] 9 turn4 ,i h also se5 goldf9*es & sisk9s1 plac$ 9 diff]5t cages1 t h little bells fix$ to ! se$ draw] 9 su* a way t ! bird _c take its food )\t r++ !m2 ! bells be+ h>monis$1 tol]ably agreeable *imes are produc$1 b "o is soon tir$ ( su* trifles4 ,! goldf9* is taught to g & come at comm&1 )\t any dang] ( los+ x1 mu* soon] ?an ! l9net1 ?\gh ! latt] le>ns q z soon to build 9 ! room4 ,to accompli% ?is feat ! w9t] %\ld be *os51 & ! cage1 conta9+ a goldf9* t has n be5 r5d]$ t5d] by hav+ be5 too long accu/om$ to ! heat ( ! room1 mu/ be plac$ on ! outside ( ! w9d[ e day1 or on a %elf int5d$ = x1 & :]e ! mice _c rea* x4 ,hemp se$ mu/ be scatt]$ r\nd1 & a bun* ( ?i/le heads fa/5$ by ! side1 ! se$s ( :i* %\ld be mix$ ) ! hemp se$4 ,pres5tly "o or m goldf9*es1 attract$ by ! call ( ! prison]1 collect1 to take advantage ( ! scatt]$ food2 z soon z y h succe$$ s f> x is useless to let ! decoy rema9 any long] expos$ to ! cold1 :i* may injure x4 ,x w be q suffici5t to place ! cage )9 ! w9d[1 & to put on ! outside a cage z a trap1 n = ! sake ( cat*+ ^! birds1 b to sc>e away ! sp>r[s1 t w\ld soon eat up all ! se$ unless ?us prev5t$2 & 9 ord] t ! trap may only close :5 y wi%1 ! door %\ld be support$ by a /r+1 pass+ into ! room1 & loos5$1 to cat* ! sp>r[s1 b ! goldf9*es %\ld be all[$ to g 9 & out at pleasure1 till ! sn[ is on ! po9t ( disappe>+1 !n close ! trap on ^? y wi% to keep3 ! birds ?us captur$ %\ld be plac$ 9 a cage1 :]e !y w soon gr[ tame1 & le>n to g & return to x4 ,:atev] =m ?is cage is (1 ! door %\ld be hung s z to rema9 op5 z long z is requir$1 & be clos$ )\t noise or al>m+ ! bird1 ei!r by means ( a spr+1 t may be act$ on by ! bird1 )\t 8 p]ceiv+ x1 or by 8 pu%+ ! door ( x op5 on ! inside4 ,:5 a goldf9* has be5 ?us tra9$ x may be let fly )\t fe> ! foll[+ ,augu/1 at ! "t ( m\lt+4 ,x is true t x w be lo/ = "s "t1 b x w n fail to return 9 ,decemb]1 :5 ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) sn[1 & x w s+ mu* m sweetly ?an x w\ld _h x be5 kept prison]4 ,z soon z x has fl[n1 a cage %\ld con/antly be hung outside ! w9d[1 & se$s plac$ 9 x1 t1 if x %\ld *ance to return1 x may f9d food2 b x is r>ely se5 aga9 till w9t]3 at t "t ! cage %\ld be s arrang$ t ! door may be clos$ z soon z ! bird ent]s1 z x us$ to d 9 ! room2 ! sure/ way is to attract x by a call bird4 ,x mu/ n be all[$ to come out s (t5 z be=e1 & x w rema91 )\t injury1 %ut up till ! season arrives = giv+ x its lib]ty aga94 ,! same c\rse may be pursu$ = ! tit1 & ) /ill m success = ! *aff9*1 :i* does n ent] ! sn>es ( ! bird-cat*] z easily z ! o!rs4 ,if x is fe>$ t x may be caught 9 a neighb\r+ area or b>n-floor trap1 x may be fright5$ f ?is sn>e 9 future1 by /ret*+ a net once1 9 ! or*>d or g>d5 ne>4 ,! gre5f9* is ! be/ = ?is manoeuvre1 z x is extremely fond ( hemp se$1 is m r>ely tak51 & returns less wild ?an ! *aff9*4 ,! birds t enjoy _! lib]ty 9 ! summ] s+ m f9ely ?an )\t ?is advantage1 &1 :at is almo/ incr$ible1 ?\gh tak5 to a di/ance ( sev]al leagues1 !y h always f\nd _! ma/]'s h\se aga9#dh4 ,,! ,,sisk94 ,illu/ration ,fr+illa ,sp9us1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,t>91 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,zeisig1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is f\r in*es & ?ree qu>t]s 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! beak1 f\r l9es long1 becomes n>r[] t[>ds ! tip1 :i* is v %>p & br[n2 ! re/ is light grey1 & 9 w9t] :ite4 ,! %anks1 eight l9es 9 height1 are dusky2 ! top ( ! head & ?roat are black2 ! *eeks1 ! back ( ! neck1 & back are gre52 ! latt] /reak$ ) a dusky col\r2 ! rump1 brea/1 "u "p ( ! neck1 & ! l9e t passes ov] ! eyes1 are gre5i% yell[4 ,! ?roat ( ! male r>ely becomes black till ! second ye>2 ! old] x becomes ! m ( yell[ & beauty x atta9s4 ,! v>ieties are ! black sisk91 ! :ite sisk91 & ! speckl$ sisk94 ,i h occasionally kill$ ^! birds ) a brea/ entirely black4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate x is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe2 x is v common 9 ,g]many1 :]e x rema9s all ! ye>#di1 b 9 w9t] x w&]s ab\t 9 se>* ( food1 & mo/ frequ5ts ! p>ts well plant$ ) ald]s4 ,9 ! h\se1 :e!r 9 a cage or n1 x soon becomes v famili>4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x v>ies accord+ to ! season2 9 summ] x eats 9 ! woods ! se$s ( ! p9e & fir2 9 autumn1 ( hops1 ?i/les1 burdock2 9 w9t]1 ( ! ald] & ! buds ( trees4 ,9 ! h\se its food is poppy-se$ & a little hemp-se$ bruis$4 ,if all[$ to range1 ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e suits x4 ,x is a complete glutton1 &1 ?\gh s small1 eats m ?an ! *aff9*2 x is at ! se$ draw] f morn+ till night1 con/antly eat+1 & driv+ (f all its companions4 ,x does n dr9k less1 & requires abundance ( fre% wat]2 yet x ba!s b little1 only plung+ ! beak 9 ! wat]1 & ?us scatt]+ x ov] its fea!rs1 b x is v assidu\s 9 arrang+ !m2 x may be call$ a fop1 always engag$ ) f9]y4 ,,bre$+4--,! sisk9 r>ely builds its ne/ among ! ald]s1 b g5]ally 9 ! p9e =e/s1 plac+ x at ! extremity ( ! highe/ bran*es1 & fix+ x !re ) cobwebs1 ! ?reads ( insects & li*5s4 ,! out] "p is well =m$ ( small twigs1 & ! l9+ is =m$ ( f9ely divid$ roots4 ,x has two broods 9 ! ye>1 ea* ( five or six eggs1 ( a light grey1 /rongly spott$ ) purpli% br[n1 p>ticul>ly at ! l>ge end4 ,! "y males become f9] ea* ye> till ! f\r?4 ,! mules1 produc$ by ! sisk9 pair+ ) ! can>y1 p>take ( ! two species1 & are v prettily spott$ if ! can>y is yell[2 b ?is union is n s easy z t ) ! gre5 can>y1 :i* appe>s to be> a ne>] relation to ! sisk94 ,,diseases4--,to ! o!r maladies common to ! birds ( ?is family we mu/ add epilepsy1 ( :i* ^! birds (t5 die#ej4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be kept f eight to twelve ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,) good traps & nets made = ?is purpose1 sev]al doz5 ( ^! birds may be tak5 at once 9 ! w9t]4 ,!y also collect 9 numb]s1 9 ! spr+1 on ! decoy bu%1 & !y are s fe>less1 t 9 ! villages a p]son1 :o has 8 h\se situat$ ne> a /ream bord]$ ) ald]s1 ne$ only place a sisk9 9 ! w9d[1 ne> a /ick cov]$ ) bird-lime1 & he may cat* z _m z he wi%es4 ,i h caught "s at my w9d[ 9 a cage /rew$ ) hemp & poppy-se$1 by lett+ ! door fall by means ( a /r+1 :5 ! birds _h ent]$1 "o ( ! decoy birds 9 my room s]v+ to attract !m4 ,:5 ! place :]e !y dr9k at noon is discov]$ among/ ! ald]s1 numb]s may be caught by m]ely lay+ across ! /ream "s bran*es cov]$ ) bird-lime4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,_! plumage & song are bo? attractive1 ?\gh ) ! latt] sev]al tones are m+l$1 t some:at resemble ! noise made by a /ock+-loom4 ,?is makes !m great fav\rites ) /ock+-weav]s4 ,!y imitate tol]ably ! song ( o!r birds1 su* z t ( ! tit1 ! *aff9*1 & ! l>k2 b !y _c give a musical air4 ,_! c>oll+ is only int]rupt$ dur+ m\lt+1 & v mu* t5ds to excite _! companions to w>ble 9 _! turn4 ,! loss ( _! lib]ty affects !m s little1 t !y w eat z soon z let out ( ! h&1 aft] be+ caught1 & on ! second day w all[ any "o to approa* _! cage )\t al>m4 ,!y are soon taught to draw up little buckets1 & _m o!r little manoeuvres t !y execute gaily2 !re is no difficulty 9 accu/om+ !m to g & return if ! w9t] is *os52 ! cage %\ld be kept op5 at ! w9d[1 & hemp & poppy-se$ scatt]$ at ! entrance2 !y w return !re 9 g5]al1 & br+ sev]al companions ) !m4 ,?is plan w n succe$ s well 9 ,m>*1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]1 ! "t :5 ^! birds roam ?r\gh ! c\ntry 9 se>* ( food1 ?\gh ,i h se5 "s tam$ 9 ?is mann] return aft] a long abs5ce4 ,,! ,,r+ ,,sp>r[4 ,fr+illa petronia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,s\lci1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,grauf9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,indep5d5tly ( ! beak1 ?is bird may be tak5 = a female yell[hamm]1 z x resembles x s mu* 9 its %ape & plumage4 ,its l5g? is five in*es ?ree-qu>t]s1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak1 five l9es long1 is ?ick at ! base1 grey br[n above1 & :ite bel[4 ,! feet1 t5 l9es high1 are grey br[n2 ! :ole head is ( a r$di% a%-col\r1 b a dirty :ite r+ surr\nds x f "o eye to ! o!r4 ,! female is grey] on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & ! front ( ! neck is only pale yell[4 ,,obs]vations4--,r+ sp>r[s are f\nd 9 mo/ ,european =e/s1 or woods2 !y are common en\gh 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,g]many#ea1 ^? t inhabit ! nor!rn p>ts remov+ 9 w9t]2 b ! o!rs are /ation>y4 ,!y live on se$s & insects l ! h\se sp>r[1 & make _! ne/s 9 holl[s ( trees4 ,9 ! h\se !y are f$ on rape & poppy-se$s2 !y also readily eat ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e4 ,!y are less priz$ = _! w>bl+1 :i* is insignificant1 ?an = _! beauty or r>ity4 ,,! ,,s]9 ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa s]9us1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,s]9 v]t1 ou le ,c9i1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,girlitz1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is small] ?an ! sisk91 its l5g? n exce$+ f\r in*es & a qu>t]1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o in* & a ?ird4 ,! beak is %ort & ?ick1 br[n above & :ite bel[2 ! iris is d>k *e/nut4 ,! %anks are six l9es high1 & are ( a fle% col\r4 ,! plumage ( ! male v mu* resembles t ( ! grey can>y2 ! front ( ! head1 ! circle r\nd ! eyes1 a k9d ( coll>1 ! brea/ & belly1 are pale jonquil-col\r$1 mix$ ) a little gre52 ! nape ( ! neck1 ! *eeks1 ! temples1 & less] w+-cov]ts1 are ( a can>y gre51 m+l$ ) ru/ col\r & black4 ,! spots scatt]$ ov] ! plumage are n isolat$1 b unit$ to ea* o!r by an undulat+ l9e2 !y are s small on ! head1 t x is only speckl$4 ,x is necess>y to exam9e ! female v closely to di/+ui% x f ! sisk91 =1 ) ! exception ( a r$di% grey t9t1 ! col\rs are ! same2 b its beak is %ort]1 its tail long]1 & its %ape fre]4 ,f my late/ obs]vations ?is bird appe>s to be ! same z ! citril f9*2 comp>+ !m toge!r 9 cab9ets has confirm$ my op9ion2 b t :i* has decid$ me is ! te/imony ( my fri5d1 ,dr4 ,mey]1 ( ,(f5ba*1 :o has (t5 se5 & ev5 f$ 9 8 h\se sev]al ( ^! birds4 ,f him ,i d]ive ! re/ ( ?is article4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s]9 ,,f9*4 ,,habitation4--,x is n m ?an t5 ye>s s9ce ! s]9 0 obs]v$ betwe5 ,frank=t & ,(f5ba*4 ,!y arrive e ye> 9 l>ge flights1 dur+ ,m>*1 & dep>t 9 ,octob]2 b !re are always "s t rema9 all ! w9t]4 ,sev]al 7 tak5 9 ,janu>y1 #ahjj1 :5 ! !rmomet] 0 at tw5ty-"o degrees ,raumur1 & ,i myself h se5 "s ne> ,(f5ba* at ! end ( ,febru>y4 ,!y appe> to pref] fruit trees1 yet 9 woods !y also appe> atta*$ to bee* & oak trees2 b ,i h nev] met ) !m by ! sides ( riv]s or /reams plant$ ) will[s4 ,,food4--,!y fe$ on all ! small se$s f\nd 9 fields & or*>ds1 p>ticul>ly gr\ndsel1 planta91 g>d5 pimp]nel1 & o!rs ( ! same k9d4 ,9 ! h\se1 rape1 mix$ ) a little poppy se$1 agrees v well ) !m2 a few gra9s ( hemp se$ & husk$ oats may be add$ f "t to "t4 ,,bre$+4--,_! ne/ is g5]ally plac$ on ! l[] bran*es ( apple & pe> trees1 sometimes on bee*es & oaks1 b nev] on will[s by ! wat]-side4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( f9e & divid$ roots1 mosses1 li*5s1 pr9cipally ( ^? :i* are f>9ace\s1 ! :ole be+ entw9$ ) great nicety1 & l9$ ) a ?ick b$ ( fea!rs1 horse-hair1 & pigs' bri/les4 ,!y lay ?ree or f\r1 r>ely five1 eggs ( ! =m (1 b r small] ?an1 ^? ( ! can>y2 :ite1 b hav+ at ! l>ge end a circle ( spots & dots ( a bright r$di% br[n4 ,! h5 sits on ! eggs ?irte5 or f\rte5 days1 dur+ :i* "t ! male fe$s h]4 ,he also helps to fe$ ! "y ones1 :i* is done by disgorg+ ! food2 ! "y p]fectly resemble ! grey l9net2 !y may be re>$ easily on soak$ rape se$2 b x is be/ to take ! p>5t birds1 & place !m 9 ! cage ) _! little ones1 :i* !y w cont9ue to fe$4 ,! "y birds rema9 grey till aft] m\lt+1 !y !n atta9 _! full plumage1 z describ$ be=e1 b are nev] s beautiful 9 ! h\se z 9 _! wild /ate4 ,aft] be+ kept a few ye>s 9 a cage1 ! yell[ 9 ^? tak5 full gr[n becomes pale1 & fades at l5g? to ne>ly :ite4 ,?is bird w pair ) ! can>y1 sisk91 l9net1 or goldf9*4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds are easily tak5 9 ! area1 or b>n-floor trap1 on a decoy bu%1 & ) lime twigs plac$ ne> ! /alks ( planta94 ,,diseases4--,) ! exception ( consumption1 ( :i* "o ,i _h di$1 ,i "k ( no disease !y are subject to4 ,,obs]vations4--,( all h\se birds1 ^! are ! mo/ sprightly & indefatigable song/]s4 ,_! voice is n /rong1 b x is v melodi\s4 ,! song1 ) ! exception ( a few passages1 is l ! l>k's1 & might be mi/ak5 = ! can>y's4 ,9 _! wild /ate !y s+ incessantly1 ei!r p]*$ on ! out] bran*es ( a tree1 or :il/ ris+ 9 ! air1 & g5tly s9k+ aga9 to _! =m] situation1 or :il/ fly+ f tree to tree4 ,_! call resembles t ( ! can>y1 & _! habits are also simil> to t species4 ,!y are ( a v affectionate "*2 :5 all[$ to range ! room ) sisk9s1 l9nets1 & simil> birds1 !y w c>ess all ) ! beak1 b seem to pref] ! company ( ! goldf9*1 ^: tones !y w imitate1 & improve _! w>bl+ by x4 ,!y are inde$ v attractive birds4 ,,! ,,citril ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa citr9ella1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,v5turon1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,citron5f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird v ne>ly resembles ! can>y 9 its col\r1 %ape1 song1 & habits2 b x is small] & its notes weak]4 ,its resemblance1 h[ev]1 is s m>k$1 t ,i %\ld be incl9$ to suppose x ! primitive wild /ock1 if ! can>y _h n its repres5tative 9 ^? isl&s f :i* x takes its "n4 ,! l5g? ( ! citril f9* is five in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak is %ort1 ! feet fle%-col\r$1 ! plumage on ! upp] "p ( ! body yell[i% gre51 /reak$ ) br[n2 ! "u "p ( ! rump gre5i% yell[2 ! pr9cipal t9t on ! brea/ yell[4 ,! female is less spott$1 & ! g5]al %ade ( col\r is light]4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species1 inhabit+ ! s\? ( ,europe1 occasionally /rays into ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,g]many#eb1 & ! sweetness ( _! song makes !m mu* s\ght aft]4 ,!y %\ld be treat$ 9 ! same mann] z can>ies4 ,,! ,,lapl& ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa ,laponica1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,gr& ,monta91 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,l]*5f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is w\ld be mi/ak5 = a l>k at fir/ sight1 z mu* f its plumage z f ! l5g? ( its spur4 ,we %\ld also see !m mu* (t5] 9 ,g]many if ! bird-cat*]s1 :o cat* !m 9 _! l>k's ne/s1 did n take or kill !m bo? indiff]5tly4 ,_! decoys are ! same z ! bunt+s 7,emb]iz1 ,l9n471 = ?\gh we _c obs]ve !m mu* :il/ alive1 we _c be deceiv$ z to _! pair+ ) f9*es 7,fr+ill1 ,l9n47 bunt+s & l>ks4 ,!y are ab\t ! size ( ! yell[hamm]1 six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak is yell[1 ) a black tip2 ! feet d>k br[n2 ! head blacki%1 spott$ ) r$di% :ite1 sometimes q black2 a :ite l9e passes f ! base ( ! bill above ! eyes1 d[n ea* side ( ! neck1 curv+ t[>ds ! brea/2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is r$1 ) br[n spots2 ! ?roat & brea/ are pale r$2 "s males are black 9 ! middle ( ! l[] "p4 ,! female is pal] 9 its col\rs2 its brea/ is spott$ ) grey & black2 9 fact its plumage resembles ! field l>k's4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird is always f\nd 9 ! nor?1 bo? 9 ! old & new _w1 & goes t[>ds ! s\? 9 w9t]4 ,x is met ) by u on its arrival ) ! l>ks1 & on its return ) ! sn[ bunt+1 b x is (t5e/ tak5 ) l>ks4 ,its call is a k9d ( %rill :i/le1 & its song is v simil> to ! l9net's2 ! female also w>bles1 b only 9 ! bullf9*'s /yle4 ,x ranges ! room l ! l>k1 & if 9 a cage hops ab\t its p]*es l ! *aff9*4 ,x is f$ on rape1 hemp1 & poppy se$1 :i* appe> to agree ) x v well4 ,x may be f$ at less exp5se on ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e1 z x also likes meal worms4 ,i ?9k t 9 its wild /ate x lives1 l ! *aff9*1 on se$s & insects4 ,,! ,,sn[ ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa nivalis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,niv]ole1 ou ,p9son de neige1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,s*neef91 ,,be*/e94 ,! "n has be5 giv5 x z mu* f its be+ f\nd on high m\nta9s & ! col\r ( its plumage1 z = its resemblance to ! sn[ bunt+4 ,its total l5g? is sev5 in*es & a qu>t]1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half2 ! beak six l9es long1 v po9t$1 b ?ick at ! base1 & ( a glossy black2 ! feet t5 l9es high1 d>k *e/nut col\r3 its plumage is pretty2 ! top ( ! head1 *eeks1 temples1 nape1 back1 & sides ( ! neck are d>k a%-col\r$4 ,! female only diff]s f ! male 9 ! grey ( ! head hav+ a r$di% t9t1 & ! :ole ( ! "u "p ( ! body1 be+ :ite2 ! brea/ has also a dirti] %ade1 & ! sides are spott$ ) black4 ,,obs]vations4--,! sn[ f9* inhabits ! s\!rn ,alps1 b is f\nd z f> nor? z ! middle ( ,g]many4 ,i h ev5 se5 !m 9 ,?ur+ia1 9 company ) ! m\nta9 f9*2 x is a sprightly bird1 & v fe>less 9 a cage4 ,x may be f$ on rape1 millet1 & hemp se$2 b x appe>s to pref] ! se$ ( ! fir & nettle hemp 7,galeopsis cannab9a73 "o w\ld ?9k t 9 its wild /ate x also f$ on insects1 z x readily takes meal worms :5 (f]$ !m4 ,its call is kipp1 kipp4 ,x s+s a great deal1 b its song is n m agreeable ?an ! m\nta9 f9*'s1 to :i* x appe>s alli$1 & l t is only kept 9 ! h\se = its beauty & r>ity4 ,,! ,,can>y4 ,fr+illa can>ia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,s]9 de ,can>ie1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,can>i5vogel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is pleas+ bird _h its orig9 9 ! pleasant climate & delightful valleys ( ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 & is n[ spread ?r\gh\t ,europe1 "p ( ,asia1 & z f> z ,sib]ia4 ,! beauty ( its =m1 its plumage1 & its song1 unit$ ) its great docility1 soon ga9$ x admittance into ! mo/ magnific5t abodes1 :]e e "o delights 9 re>+ & pres]v+ x1 :il/ ! faire/ h&s are (t5 eag] to pres5t x ) ! mo/ delicate food4 ,x 0 br\ght into our climate z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! arrival ( ! can>y 9 ,europe1 is ?us describ$3--,a vessel1 :i* besides its m]*&ise 0 br++ a numb] ( ^! birds to ,leghorn1 0 %ipwreck$ on ! coa/ ( ,italy1 opposite ! isl& ( ,elba1 :]e ^! little birds1 hav+ be5 set at lib]ty1 took refuge4 ,! climate be+ fav\rable1 !y increas$1 & w\ld c]ta9ly h become naturalis$1 _h n ! wi% to possess !m occasion$ _! be+ caught 9 su* numb]s1 t at la/ !y 7 extirpat$ f _! new c\ntry4 ,f ?is cause ,italy 0 ! fir/ ,european c\ntry :]e ! can>y 0 re>$4 ,at fir/ _! education 0 difficult1 z ! prop] mann] ( treat+ !m 0 unkn[n2 & :at t5d$ to r5d] !m sc>ce 01 t only ! male birds 7 br\ght ov]1 no females4 ,! grey ( its primitive col\r1 d>k] on ! back & gre5] on ! belly1 has und]gone s _m *anges f its be+ dome/icat$1 f ! climate1 & f ! union ) birds analog\s to x 79 ,italy ) ! citril f9*1 ! s]92 9 our c\ntry ) ! l9net1 ! gre5 f9*1 ! sisk91 & ! goldf9*71 t n[ we h can>ies ( all col\rs4 ,if we _h n suffici5t pro( t can>ies came orig9ally f ! ,=tunate ,isl&s1 we %\ld ?9k ! citril f9*1 ! s]91 & ! sisk91 7 ! wild /ock ( ?is dome/icat$ race4 ,i h se5 a bird1 ^: p>5t birds 7 a sisk9 & s]91 :i* p]fectly resembl$ a v>iety ( ! can>y :i* is call$ ! gre54 ,i h also se5 mules f a female grey can>y1 9 :i* 0 no trace ( _! true p>5tage4 ,! grey1 ! yell[1 ! :ite1 ! blacki%1 & ! *e/nut1 are ! pr9cipal v>ieties1 & x is f _! comb9ation1 & f _! t9ts1 t we d]ive ! num]\s v>ieties t we n[ possess4 ,^? can>ies1 t h ! upp] "p ( ! body ( a dusky grey or l9net br[n1 & ! "u "p ! yell[i% gre5 ( ! gre5-bird1 ) d>k br[n eyes1 are ! /ronge/1 & mo/ ne>ly resemble ! primitive race#ec4 ,! yell[ & :ite (t5 h r$ eyes1 & are ! mo/ t5d]4 ,! *e/nut are ! mo/ uncommon1 & hold a middle rank = /r5g? & l5g? ( life betwe5 ! two extremes4 ,b z ! plumage ( ! int]m$iate ones is a mixture ( ^! pr9cipal col\rs1 _! value dep5ds on ! pretty & regul> mann] 9 :i* !y are m>k$4 ,! can>y t is mo/ admir$ among/ u n[1 is "o ) ! body :ite or yell[1 ! head1 p>ticul>ly if cre/$1 w+s & tail1 yell[i% dun2 ! second 9 degree is ( a gold5 yell[1 ) ! head1 w+s & tail black1 or at lea/ dusky grey4 ,next foll[ ! grey or blacki%1 ) a yell[ head & coll>2 ! yell[1 ) a blacki% or gre5 tuft1 :i* are v mu* valu$4 ,z = ^? t are irregul>ly spott$1 speckl$1 or v>iegat$1 !y are mu* less s\ght aft]1 & are us$ to pair ) ^? ( "o col\r1 :ite1 yell[1 grey1 br[n-grey#ed1 & ! l4 ,! female c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ f ! male1 b ! male has g5]ally deep] & bright] col\rs1 a head r l>g] & longi%1 a long] body1 a m elegant =m1 neck n q s %ort1 & high] %anks4 ,!re is a fea!r "u ! beak1 ( ! %ape ( a bean1 plac$ l[] ?an ! re/1 & ! temples & circle r\nd ! eyes are ( a deep] yell[ ?an ! o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,! l5g? ( ! can>y is five in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a qu>t]3 ! beak1 five l9es long1 is /rong1 v po9t$1 & :iti%2 ! %anks1 eight l9es 9 height1 are ( a fle%-col\r4 ,i %all end ?is description ) an acc\nt ( ! diff]5t mule birds obta9$ f ! can>ies4 ,,mule ,,can>ies4--#a4 ,mules betwe5 a ,can>y & a ,goldf9*1 pres5t 9 _! plumage an agreeable mixture ( ! col\rs ( _! p>5ts4 ,! mo/ beautiful :i* ,i h se5 0 greyi% a%-col\r 9 ! middle ( its cre/1 & silv]y :ite on ! re/ ( its head & nape2 a broad orange bord] surr\nd$ ! beak1 & ! neck 0 adorn$ ) a :ite coll>2 ! back 0 a dusky grey1 ) black /reaks2 ! rump :ite1 ! "u "p ( ! body ( a sn[y :it5ess2 ! "u tail-cov]ts1 ! w+s & fir/ quill-fea!rs :ite1 b ! o!rs1 z well z ! cov]ts1 black1 edg$ ) yell[2 ! middle ( ! w+ 0 also adorn$ ) a beautiful gold5 yell[ spot2 ! :ite tail _h a black spot on ! sides1 ! :ite beak 0 tipp$ ) black1 ! feet 7 :ite4 ,! "m ( ?is beautiful bird 0 :ite1 ) a gre5i% grey cre/4 ,9 g5]al1 "o may be sure ( f9e birds :5 yell[ or :ite females are pair$ ) goldf9*es4 #b4 ,mules betwe5 ! ,can>y & ! ,sisk94--,if ! "m be a gre5 can>y1 ! mules w resemble a female sisk92 b1 if %e is :ite or yell[1 _! col\rs are light]1 yet )\t diff]+ greatly f ^? ( ! sisk91 :i* !y always resemble 9 %ape4 #c4 ,mules betwe5 a ,can>y & a ,gre5-bird1 or a ,citril ,f9*4--,if ! h5 can>y is nei!r :ite nor yell[1 ! mules diff] little f ! common grey or gre5 can>y1 except 9 be+ m sl5d]1 & hav+ ! beak %ort] & ?ick]4 #d4 ,mules betwe5 a ,can>y & a ,l9net w be speckl$ if ! "m is :ite or yell[1 b if %e is grey !y w be l h]1 except t ! tail w be long]4 ,! o!r mules are r>]1 because m difficult to obta91 z we %all see else:]e4 ,,habitation4--,except 9 ! bre$+ season ! male can>ies are kept alone 9 sep>ate cages1 :i*1 :atev] ! %ape1 ought n to be less ?an eight in*es 9 diamet] & a foot 9 height1 ) two /icks plac$ across = ! bird to p]* on4 ,! females may be all[$ to range ! room ) "o w+ clipp$1 or1 :at is bett]1 kept 9 l>ge cages1 :]e1 f hav+ pl5ty ( ex]cise1 _! heal? & /r5g? are bett] pres]v$4 ,9 ! small cages1 glass vases %\ld be plac$ on ! outside1 at ! extremities ( ! l[] /ick1 to hold ! food & wat]4 ,^! may be surm\nt$ ) a cap ( t91 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 to prev5t ! se$ f be+ s easily scatt]$4 ,x is = ?is reason t ! l>ge se$ draw]s 9 an avi>y are cov]$ ) iron wire-"w1 leav+ only suffici5t spaces = ! heads ( ! birds to pass ?r\gh4 ,cleanl9ess be+ a great pres]vative aga9/ mo/ ( _! disord]s1 ! bottom ( ! cage %\ld be made to draw out1 t x may ! easi] be clean$ & cov]$ ) s&4 ,?is %\ld be done e day1 or at lea/ sev]al times a week4 ,^! t5d] birds1 be+ natives ( a w>m climate1 & becom+ m delicate in/ead ( h>di] f be+ kept 9 ! h\se1 require a temp]ature analog\s to t ( _! native climate4 ,!y mu/ be protect$ f ! cold1 & nev] all[$ to rema9 9 w9t] 9 a cold room1 :i* w\ld occasion _m diseases1 or ev5 dea?4 ,b1 9 summ]1 x is prop] to place !m 9 ! op5 air1 & !y enjoy x v mu*4 ,nev] d !y s+ s gaily z on f9e days1 & _! cages %\ld !re=e be plac$ at ! op5 w9d[1 t !y may h ! advantage ( ! light & heat ( ! sun1 :i* is p>ticul>ly s]viceable to !m :il/ ba?+4 ,,food4--,?is is an important po9t1 =1 9 proportion z x is simple & natural1 x w be :olesome2 &1 on ! contr>y1 ! m x is mix$ & r>e1 ! m injuri\s & productive ( disease w x be4 ,:at ,i h f\nd ! be/ is summ] rape-se$2 ,i mean t :i* is s[n at ! end ( spr+1 :i* is small & br[n1 9 di/9ction f ! w9t] rape-se$1 :i* is s[n 9 ! autumn1 & :i* is l>ge & black4 ,?is se$ alone agrees ) can>ies z well z ) l9nets3 b to give !m ! pleasure ( v>iety1 a little bruis$ hemp or can>y1 or poppy-se$1 is add$ to x1 especially 9 ! spr+1 :5 !y are int5d$ to bre$4 ,inde$ a mixture ( summ] rape-se$1 oatmeal & millet1 or can>y-se$1 may be giv5 !m z a great treat4 ,b :atev] se$s !y may h1 !y equally require gre5 food1 z *ickwe$ 9 spr+1 lettuce & radi% leaves 9 summ]1 endive1 wat]-cress1 & slices ( sweet apple1 9 w9t]4 ,z to t :imsical & complicat$ mixture1 prescrib$ & us$ by _m p1 ( rape1 millet1 hemp1 can>y se$1 :ole oats & oatmeal1 poppy1 lettuce1 planta91 pot5tilla1 & p9k se$s1 maize1 sug>1 cake1 h>d biscuit1 cracknels1 buns1 & ! l1 s f> f be+ :olesome1 x injures ! birds 9 e respect4 ,x spoils _! ta/e1 weak5s _! /oma*s1 r5d]s !m feeble1 sickly1 & incapable ( be>+ m\lt+1 "u :i* !y mo/ frequ5tly die4 ,x is true1 !y may be accu/om$ to eat ( ev]y?+ :i* comes to table1 b to tea* ?is habit is also to prep>e a poison = !m1 :i* ?\gh sl[ is n ! less sure1 & br+s !m to a premature dea?2 :il/ e day we see bird-fanci]s :o are poor1 :o h>dly "k ! names ( ^! delicacies1 re>1 on ! simple/ food1 a consid]able numb] ( ! heal?ie/1 clev]e/1 & /ronge/ can>ies4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 be guid$ 9 a great measure by ! con/itutions ( ! birds4 ,!y %\ld be daily suppli$ ) fre% wat]1 z well = dr9k+ z ba?+1 9 :i* !y delight4 ,9 ! m\lt+ season1 a nail or bit ( iron %\ld be put into ! wat]1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! /oma*4 ,saffron & liquorice are 9 ?is case m hurtful ?an useful4 ,gra9s ( ! s&1 ) :i* ! bottom ( ! cage is /rew$1 af=d ! birds a help to dige/ion4 ,:at has be5 said above1 ref]s solely to ! food ( full-gr[n can>ies2 ! "y1 :i* _c fe$ !mselves1 require a diff]5t diet4 ,,bre$+4--,a v important bran* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! can>y is its education1 :i* is n )\t difficulties1 b ^! are augm5t$ by all ! ref9em5ts & artificial plans :i* "s p]sons foll[ ) s mu* p>ade4 ,a male ( f two to five ye>s ( age %\ld be *os5 = pair+2 = exp]i5ce has taught1 t if a "y male is plac$ among old] females1 !y w produce m males ?an females4 ,a bird is kn[n to be old by ! blacki% & r\gh scales ( 8 feet1 & by 8 long & /rong claws4 ,good males are valuable & sc>ce4 ,"s are dull & melan*oly1 always sad1 & seldom s++2 indiff]5t to _! mates1 :i* are equally s to !m2 o!rs are s passionate1 t !y beat or ev5 kill _! mates & _! "y2 o!rs are too ard5t1 & pursue _! mates :ile !y are sitt+1 te> ! ne/1 de/roy ! eggs1 or excite ! females s mu* t !y volunt>ily ab&on !m4 ,! females h also _! defects4 ,"s1 too ard5t1 only lay )\t sitt+2 o!rs neglect to fe$ _! "y1 beat !m1 & pick out _! fea!rs1 s t ! wret*$ little creatures die mis]ably2 to o!rs1 lay+ is s pa9ful t !y are too mu* fatigu$ to sit1 or !y lay ea* egg only aft] a long int]val4 ,quacks 7= we f9d !m on ?is subject z on o!rs7 pret5d to h specifics = ! cure ( ^! defects2 b _! pret5d$ rem$ies are m]e deceptions1 & ! use ( !m causes mu* tr\ble4 ,! be/ plan is to remove ! vici\s birds1 & to reta9 only ^? :i* h none ( ! above-nam$ bad qualities4 ,to obta9 ! mo/ brilliant col\rs1 ^? birds :i* h !m cle>1 & ^: spots are di/9ct & regul>1 are pair$ toge!r4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c only be done 9 sep>ate cages4 ,9 avi>ies1 :]e ! birds pair by *oice1 ! (fspr+ are g5]ally mix$ & blott$4 ,a gre5i% or br[ni% bird1 plac$ ) a bright yell[ "o1 (t5 produces dim :ite1 or o!r admir$ col\rs4 ,x is bett] nev] to place toge!r two cre/$ birds1 because ! (fspr+ is apt to h a "p ( ! head bald or o!rwise disfigur$4 ,! be/ "t = pair+ can>ies is ! middle ( ,april4 ,ei!r "o male1 & "o or two females1 are plac$ 9 a l>ge cage1 or _m ( bo? sexes are unit$ 9 a room or avi>y1 hav+ ! advantage ( a s\? aspect4 ,ne/s made ( turn$ wood1 or osi]s1 are giv5 !m1 z /raw ones are too easily torn4 ,x is a good plan to place 9 ! room or avi>y slips ( p9e1 :i* be+ cut 9 ,febru>y d n lose _! leaves4 ,if a little enclosure ( wire-gauze c be fix$ ov] ! w9d[1 :]e ! birds c enjoy ! fre% air1 no?+ w m effectually contribute to r5d] ! "y heal?y & robu/4 ,birds1 :i* are to be pair$ = ! fir/ "t1 %\ld be previ\sly plac$ 9 ! same cage = sev5 or eight days1 9 ord] to become acqua9t$ & accu/om$ to live toge!r4 ,if two females are to be cag$ ) "o male1 x is especially necess>y t !y %\ld be toge!r long en\gh to leave (f qu>rell+1 & ! pair+ cage %\ld be divid$ into two equal p>ts1 communicat+ by a slid+ door4 ,?is be+ done1 a lively male & "o ( ! females %\ld be plac$ 9 ! fir/ division2 z soon z %e has laid1 ! male %\ld be mov$ into ! o!r division1 ! door ( sep>ation be+ %ut2 b z soon z ! o!r has also laid1 ! door may be left op53 ! male w !n visit ! females alt]nately1 & !y w n tr\ble !mselves ab\t ea* o!r2 b )\t ^! precautions jeal\sy w\ld incl9e !m to fight1 & de/roy ea* o!r's eggs4 ,:5 x is int5d$ to place a great _m females1 d\ble or treble ! numb] ( males1 9 a room or avi>y1 ! latt] %\ld always be fir/ pair$ ) a s+le female1 :i* w ev] aft] rema9 ! fav\rite2 & x w only be :5 %e is ab\t to sit t he w pair ) ! o!rs1 & ?is is all ! notice he w take ( !m1 = aft]w>ds he w only notice _! "y4 ,x is f ^! mo!rs1 h[ev]1 t ! mo/ & ! be/ birds are g5]ally procur$4 ,if ! floor ( ! room or avi>y is well cov]$ ) moss1 little else ne$ be add$ = mak+ ! ne/s1 o!rwise !y %\ld be suppli$ ) ! hair ( c[s & de]1 hogs' bri/les1 f9e hay1 l9t1 wool cut two or ?ree in*es long1 pap] %av+s1 & ! l4 ,t :i* is co>se/ s]ves = ! outside1 & ! s(te/ & f9e/ = ! inside4 ,if !y h %rubs1 traces ( ! natural in/9ct ( ! can>y are soon obs]v$ 9 ! ne/s :i* !y con/ruct )\t ! help ( ! turn] or basket weav]2 b !y are ( an inelegant =m1 & ! outside is n v c>efully f9i%$4 ,! females alone1 z is usual among birds1 are ! build]s1 ! males only *oos+ ! situation & br++ ! mat]ials4 ,x is 9 ! ne/1 :]e ! female is 9 cont9ual motion1 t ! pair+ takes place2 %e invites ! male by con/ant little *irp+s1 repeat$ m quickly ! ne>] %e is to lay+4 ,sev5 or eight days are g5]ally reckon$ f ! fir/ pair+ to ! lay+ ( ! fir/ egg2 ! o!r eggs1 ^: numb] v>ies1 )\t exce$+ six1 are laid successively e foll[+ day1 & (t5 at ! same h\r4 ,! lay+ end$1 pair+ cont9ues dur+ ! fir/ days ( incubation4 ,if ! pairs agree1 !y mu/ be left entirely to !mselves1 )\t endeav\r+ to use art to help nature1 z _m d4 ,x is usual to take away ! fir/ egg & sub/itute an ivory "o1 :i* is repeat$ ) ! o!rs to ! la/1 pres]v+ !m 9 ! mean "t 9 a box fill$ ) f9e dry s&2 !y are aft]w>ds re/or$ all toge!r to ! ne/ to be hat*$#ee4 ,! females lay ?ree or f\r times a ye>1 f ,april till ,septemb]2 !re are "s ev5 s prolific t m\lt+ does n /op !m4 ,! eggs1 ( a sea-gre5 col\r1 are at "o end m or less spott$ or m>k$ ) m>oon or violet4 ,! p]iod ( incubation is ?irte5 days4 ,if1 ow+ to ! weakness ( ! male or female1 x is suspect$ t "s ( ! eggs are b>r51 !y %\ld on ! eigh? day be exam9$ by hold+ !m lightly betwe5 ! f+]s 9 ! sun%9e or be=e a c&le2 ! good ones w be already fill$ ) blood-vessels1 :ile ! bad w cont9ue cle>1 or ev5 be already addl$3 ^! mu/ be ?r[n away4 ,x is r>e = ! male to sit 9 8 turn dur+ "s h\rs ( ! day1 ! female seldom all[+ x1 = z soon z %e has eat5 %e flies back to ! ne/4 ,if ! male gives up 8 place readily1 s mu* ! bett]2 if n1 %e drives him away by =ce & by peck+ him4 ,%e appe>s to "k 8 want ( skill 9 ?is employm5t4 ,! ne> dis*>ge ( a gun1 a door slamm$ ) viol5ce1 & o!r simil> noises1 w (t5 kill ! "y 9 ! %ell2 b _! dea? happ5s g5]ally ?r\gh ! fault ( a bad sitt]4 ,z soon z ! "y are hat*$1 a small j> is plac$ beside ! usual fe$+ tr\gh1 :i* conta9s a qu>t] ( a h>d egg m9c$ v f9e1 :ite & yell[ toge!r1 ) a bit ( :ite bread /eep$ 9 wat]1 & aft]w>ds well press$2 ano!r j> %\ld conta9 rape se$ :i* has be5 boil$1 & !n wa%$ 9 fre% wat]1 to remove all its acrimony4 ,"s p]sons1 in/ead ( :ite bread1 use biscuit1 b ?is is unnecess>y2 :at1 on ! contr>y1 is v ess5tial1 is to take c>e t ?is food does n turn s\r1 = x w\ld !n infallibly de/roy ! "y nursl+s4 ,?is food ,i f9d by exp]i5ce to be ! be/4 ,n[ is ! "t :5 ! male assumes 8 important duties ( nurs+-fa!r4 ,^! he fulfils inde$ almo/ alone1 9 ord] to give 8 mate "t to re/ be=e a new sitt+4 ,:5 x is necess>y to br+ up ! "y by h&1 a bit ( :ite bread1 or "s biscuit1 %\ld be p\nd$ v f9e1 & ?is p[d] %\ld be mix$ ) well-bruis$ rape-se$4 ,?is composition s]ves1 ) a little yolk ( egg & wat]1 to make a pa/e1 :i* is giv5 to ! "y birds on a quill cut l a spoon2 ea* nursl+ requires = a meal f\r beakfuls1 well pil$ ^u ! quill1 & ^! meals mu/ n be few] ?an t5 or twelve a day4 ,! "y %\ld rema9 w>mly cov]$ by ! "m z long z !y cont9ue unfl$g$#ef2 t is to say1 g5]ally = twelve days3 on ! ?irte5? day !y beg9 to eat alone4 ,9 f\r weeks !y may be plac$ 9 o!r cages ( a suffici5t size2 b !y mu/ /ill = "s weeks be f$ ) ! above-m5tion$ pa/e1 conjo9tly ) ! food ( full-gr[n birds2 = ! sudd5 privation ( ?is n\ri%m5t (t5 occasions dea?1 especially :5 m\lt+4 ,exp]i5ce proves t g5]ally ^? can>ies :i* are hat*$ 9 a l>ge g>d5 avi>y1 :]e !y enjoy fre% air1 & consid]able space = ! ex]cise ( _! w+s1 are m vigor\s1 m heal?y1 & m robu/ ?an ^? :i* are br$ 9 rooms1 & x is easy to und]/& ! reason4 ,i mu/ n omit to m5tion "h an important obs]vation1 :i* has be5 (t5 made1 t if two females are giv5 to "o male1 & "o ( !m happ5s to die1 ! o!r imm$iately takes *>ge ( ! ab&on$ eggs1 & assumes s completely ! duties ( fo/]-"m1 t 9 ord] rigor\sly to fulfil !m %e avoids & ev5 repulses ! c>esses ( h] mate4 ,can>ies pair n only among !mselves 9 our avi>ies & cages1 !y also =m connexions =eign to _! species1 &1 provid$ ! analogy is n too remote1 produce fruitful mules4 ,s]9s1 citral f9*es1 sisk9s1 goldf9*es1 or l9nets1 are ! species :i* succe$ be/#eg4 ,to succe$1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y t ! birds %\ld h be5 br\ght up f ! ne/4 ,! cu/om is to give an old male ( "o ( ! above-nam$ species to a female can>y1 ! pr9cipal reason be+ t an old female ( "o ( ^? species1 ?\gh %e w\ld n object to ! union1 c\ld nev] be induc$ to lay 9 an artificial ne/1 l a female can>y4 ,! (fspr+ ( ^! mixtures comb9e ! col\rs ( ! fa!r & "m1 le>n well en\gh if !y desc5d f a l9net or goldf9*1 b s+ badly if !y come f a sisk9 or less] r$pole4 ,!y are easily br\ght up ) ! pa/e m5tion$ above = can>ies4 ,x is ass]t$ t ! mules ( s]9s1 citral f9*es1 & goldf9*es1 are fruitful4 ,x is rem>k$1 h[ev]1 t _! fir/ eggs are v small1 & ! "y hat*$ f !m v weak2 b ! next ye> ! eggs become l>g]1 & ! "y /rong] & m robu/4 ,no soon] c ! "y can>ies eat alone1 :i* happ5s on ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? day1 & sometimes ev5 be=e !y leave ! ne/1 ?an ! males beg9 to w>ble1 & "s females also1 b 9 a less connect$ mann]1 :i* s]ves to po9t !m out4 ,z ^! pretty birds are s docile z to neglect entirely _! natural song & imitate ! h>mony ( our in/rum5ts1 x is necess>y imm$iately to sep>ate f 8 companions & f e o!r bird ! "y "o :i* is to be in/ruct$1 by putt+ him aside 9 a cage :i* is at fir/ to be cov]$ ) a piece ( l951 & aft]w>ds ) a d>k] cov]4 ,! air :i* is to be taught %\ld be p]=m$ five or six times a day1 especially 9 ! ev5+ & morn+1 ei!r by :i/l+1 or on a flageolet1 or bird-organ2 he w acquire x m or less readily1 9 f two to six mon?s1 accord+ to 8 abilities & memory2 if 8 sep>ation f ! o!r birds is delay$ beyond ! f\rte5? day1 he w reta9 "s "p ( 8 fa!r's song1 :i* he w always int]m+le ) 8 acquir$ air1 & consequ5tly nev] p]=m x p]fectly4 ,! op9ion ( "s1 t ! grayi% can>ies h m facility 9 le>n+ ?an ! yell[ or ! :ite1 is unf\nd$1 _! only advantage ov] ^? ( a diff]5t hue be+ t !y are g5]ally m robu/ & vigor\s4 ,i h n ei!r f\nd t ! true ,no4 #c suits !m bett] ?an ,no4 #a or ,no4 #b2 ^! latt]1 on ! contr>y1 h appe>$ to me to please !m be/4 ,!re is too mu* tr\ble & risk 9 all[+ can>ies to g 9 & out ( _! cages = x to be wor? ! tr\ble ( tea*+ !m ?is4 ,not)/&+ all my att5tion1 & ! c>e :i* ,i h tak5 to foll[ exactly ! prescrib$ rules1 ,i h nev] succe$$2 & ! clev]e/ bird-fanci]s h assur$ me t x %\ld nev] be attempt$ b :5 !y h "y ones1 & above all1 !re mu/ be no can>ies 9 ! neighb\r+ h\ses1 :i* might entice !m away4 ,inde$ x is no easy matt] to accu/om a bird to g & come4 ,!re1 z 9 _m o!r cases1 conclusions 9 reg>d to ! species h be5 drawn f individuals4 ,x is c]ta9 t v few tame birds easily acquire ?is trick1 & z ,i %[ 9 _! hi/ories1 ) respect to o!rs1 probabilities are too (t5 /at$ z tru?s4 ,,diseases4--,birds :i* seldom enjoy ! b5efit ( fre% & pure air1 prison]s de/itute 9 _! conf9em5t ( ! means ( ex]cise1 mu/ be p>ticul>ly subject to ! common diseases :i* h be5 nam$1 & also to _m o!r peculi> ones4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! disord]s incid5t to can>ies4 #a4 ,rupture1 or ,h]nia3 ?is is v common among "y birds1 & is a k9d ( ple?ora1 :i* produces inflammation 9 ! b[els4 ,! symptoms ( ?is disease are1 ?9ness1 ! sk9 ( ! belly transp>5t & di/5d$1 cov]$ ) little r$ ve9s sur*>g$ ) blood1 ! b[els are black & knott$1 & desc5d to ! extremity ( ! body2 !re are no fea!rs on ! diseas$ "p2 ! invalid does n eat1 & dies 9 a few days4 ,too nutriti\s1 or too mu* food1 be+ ! cause ( ! disease1 ! only rem$y is a v sev]e regim51 & ev5 !n x c be cur$ only 9 its fir/ /ages4 ,! diseas$ birds mu/ be imm$iately remov$1 & f$ ) no?+ b lettuce or rape-se$1 9 v small quantities4 ,a bit ( iron %\ld also be put 9 ! wat]1 & ev]y?+ be done to invigorate & purify !m4 ,x is v r>e = "y birds :i* are br\ght up by _! p>5ts to suff] f ?is disease1 z !y nev] ov]-fe$ !m4 ,9 br++ up by h& ?is mod]ation %\ld be imitat$1 & !y %\ld nei!r be ov]-f$ nor pamp]$4 #b4 ,! yell[ gall 9 ! head & eyes1 arises f ov] heat2 a cool+ diet is !re=e ! only rem$y4 ,if ! tum\r has gr[n to ! size ( a gra9 ( hemp-se$1 x mu/ be cut (f1 & ! w\nd be ano9t$ ) a little fre% butt]1 or ba!d ) ur9e4 #c4 ,sweat+4--,!re are "s females :i*1 dur+ ! "t ( incubation1 or :ile !y are on _! "y1 are subject to pr(use p]spiration2 ! fea!rs ( ! belly are 9 consequ5ce s wet z to de/roy ! brood3 z soon z ?is indisposition is p]ceiv$ ! invalid mu/ be wa%$ ) salt wat]1 & aft] a few m9utes be plung$ into pure wat]1 to wa% (f ! salt1 & be dri$ 9 ! sun z quickly z possible4 ,?is op]ation is to be repeat$ once or twice a day till recov]y2 b z relapses are frequ5t1 x is bett] to sep>ate ! female1 & n all[ h] to sit4 #d4 ,a/hma1 or h>d brea?+1 :i* arises f an oppress$ /oma*1 g5]ally yields to planta9 & rape se$s moi/5$ ) wat] z ! sole food4 #e4 ,sneez+1 produc$ by an ob/ruction 9 ! no/rils1 is remov$ by pass+ a v small quill up !m to cle> !m4 #f4 ,loss ( voice4--,x sometimes happ5s t aft] m\lt+ a male suff]s ! loss ( its voice2 x mu/ !n be f$ ) ! same pa/e z is prep>$ = "y birds1 add+ "s lettuce-se$1 &1 accord+ to "s bird-fanci]s1 a bit ( bacon %\ld be hung to ! cage1 = x to peck4 #g4 ,con/ipation4--,! rem$y = ?is is pl5ty ( gre5 food1 z lettuce leaves1 wat]-cress1 c41 n =gett+ bread & milk4 #h4 ,epilepsy1 :i* is common among _m k9ds ( birds1 may be produc$ 9 can>ies by p>ticul> causes1 z great delicacy & timidity4 ,we %\ld !re=e avoid al>m+ !m1 ei!r by cat*+ !m too sudd5ly or viol5tly1 or by torm5t+ !m 9 any way4 ,!y are to be cur$ z has be5 already direct$ 9 ! ,introduction4 #i4 ,ov]gr[n claws & beak4--,:5 ! claws or beak want p>+1 %>p scissors mu/ be us$1 & c>e tak5 to avoid draw+ blood1 le/ ! bird %\ld be maim$4 ,!y (t5 injure !mselves :5 _! claws are too long1 & get hook$ 9 ! wires ( ! cage1 & cont9ue ?us hang+4 ,! females1 9 ! same way1 get entangl$ 9 _! ne/s4 #aj4 ,lice4--,! p>asite insects by :i* ^! little prison]s are (t5 torm5t$1 are g5]ally produc$ by slov5l9ess4 ,besides frequ5t ba?+1 ! cages mu/ be clean$ ) mu* c>e & vigilance1 & h pl5ty ( v dry s& /rew$ ov] ! bottom4 ,^! lice1 l bugs1 retire dur+ ! day to cracks & crevices1 :i* acc\nts = old wood5 cages be+ (t5 infe/$4 ,to get rid ( !m1 holl[ /icks or /alks ( ru%es are us$1 :i* mu/ be exam9$ & *ang$ e day4 ,! plan is good1 b by us+ only t9 cages1 :i* may1 m easily ?an any o!rs1 be pass$ ?r\gh boil+ wat]1 ! object is m c]ta9ly atta9$4 ,x is r>e = can>ies :i* are kept = bre$+ to live long] ?an f sev5 to t5 ye>s2 :ile o!rs1 if well us$1 may be pres]v$ = eighte5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! plumage1 pretty =m1 & docility1 ! *>m+ famili>ity :i* disposes x to ne/le )\t fe> or res]ve beside u1 z well z its melodi\s song1 h long introduc$ ! can>y to all classes ( society4 ,always be=e our eyes1 ! object ( ! mo/ assidu\s c>e1 & con/ant att5tion1 x has af=d$ a ?\s& occasions = /udy+ its "*1 or r ! "* & dispositions ( ! diff]5t individuals ( its species4 ,x has be5 discov]$ t among !m1 z among quadrup$s1 & ev5 man1 "s individuals are gay & o!rs melan*oly2 "s qu>relsome1 o!rs mild2 "s intellig5t1 o!rs /upid2 "s ) quick memories1 o!rs lazy2 "s gre$y1 o!rs frugal2 "s petulant1 o!rs g5tle2 "s ard5t1 o!rs cold4 ,its s++1 z /rong z v>i$1 cont9ues un9t]rupt$ dur+ ! ye>1 except+ at ! "t ( m\lt+1 & ev5 ?is exception is n g5]al4 ,!re are "s individuals :i* s+ also dur+ ! night#eh4 ,^? :i* introduce into _! melody "s passages ( ! night+ale's song are ! mo/ e/eem$ ( all can>ies2 !y are call$ ,tyrolean can>ies1 because !y are consid]$ natives ( ! ,tyrol1 :]e !y bre$ _m ( ^! birds4 ,! second are ! ,engli% can>ies1 :i* imitate ! song ( ! wood-l>k4 ,b 9 ,?ur+ia ! pref]5ce is g5]ally giv5 to ^? :i*1 in/ead ( a succession ( noisy bur/s1 "k h[1 ) a silv]y sonor\s voice1 to desc5d regul>ly ?r\gh all ! tones ( ! octave1 introduc+ f "t to "t ! s\nd ( a trumpet4 ,!re are "s males :i*1 especially 9 ! pair+ season1 s+ ) s mu* /r5g? & ard\r t !y bur/ ! delicate vessels ( ! lungs1 & die sudd5ly4 ,! female1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! spr+1 s+s also1 b only a few unconnect$ & unmusical s\nds4 ,old ones :i* h done bre$+ (t5 s+ 9 ?is way at all seasons4 ,can>ies are p>ticul>ly rem>kable = quickness & correctness ( e>1 = ! great ease ) :i* !y exactly repeat musical s\nds1 & = _! excell5t memory4 ,n only d !y imitate all ! birds 9 ^: neighb\rhood !y h be5 plac$ :5 "y#ei1 mix+ agreeably ^! songs ) _! own1 :5ce h aris5 ^? beautiful v>ieties :i* ea* family transmits to its desc5dants2 b !y also le>n to repeat correctly two or ?ree airs ( a flute or bird-organ1 & ev5 to pron\nce di/9ctly "s %ort words4 ,females also h be5 kn[n to p]=m airs :i* !y _h be5 taught4 ,i %all conclude ?is article on can>ies by po9t+ out ! be/ rules = obta9+ & pres]v+ good s+]s4 ,! mo/ ess5tial is to *oose f among ! "y t :i* promises a f9e tone1 & to seclude x f all o!r birds1 t x may le>n & rememb] no?+ bad4 ,! same precaution is necess>y dur+ ! fir/ & second m\lt+2 = be+ likely to re-le>n 7if ,i may say s7 its song1 x w\ld introduce into x ) equal ease =eign p>ts4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ :e!r ! bird likes to s+ alone1 or 9 company ) o!rs1 = !re are "s :i* appe> to h su* :ims1 lik+ to he> only !mselves1 & :i* p\t = :ole ye>s if !y are n hum\r$ on ?is po9t4 ,o!rs s+ fa9tly1 & display _! p[]s only :5 !y c try _! /r5g? aga9/ a rival4 ,x is v important to di/ribute regul>ly to s++ birds ! simple all[ance ( fre% food :i* is int5d$ = ! day4 ,by ?is means !y w s+ e day equally1 because !y w eat uni=mly1 & n pick ! be/ "o day & be oblig$ to put up ) ! refuse ! next4 ,ab\t two spoonfuls ( ! dry food m5tion$ above1 is suffici5t = ! daily n\ri%m5t ( a can>y2 :at he leaves may be ?r[n to ! birds :i* are free 9 ! room1 & w s]ve z a v>iety to ^? :i* h only ! univ]sal pa/e to satisfy _! appetite4 ,,! ,,glossy ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa nit5s1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,mo9eau du ,brsil1 ,,buffon2 ,d] glnz5de ,f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is small] ?an ! h\se sp>r[1 be+ only f\r in*es & a half long4 ,! beak & feet are fle%-col\r$2 ! iris is :ite4 ,all ! plumage is ( a blui% black1 or black ) a hue ( burni%$ /eel2 ! female has ! upp] "p ( ! body cov]$ ) blacki% fea!rs1 bord]$ ) a yell[i% br[n2 ! rump gray1 ! "u "p ( ! body d>k yell[i% br[n2 ! tail-fea!rs black ) gray edges2 ! feet r$di%2 9 "s males ! beak & feet are black4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird is f\nd 9 ! woods ( ,cay5ne1 & ! neighb\rhood ( ,c>?ag5a 9 ,am]ica4 ,its cle> note is v agreeable4 ,x appe>s to s+ ) s mu* en]gy z to ruffle ! fea!rs ( ! head & neck4 ,its food consi/s ( all k9ds ( se$s & fruits4 ,?\gh bread appe>s to be suffici5t :5 cag$1 x is bett] to add rape1 millet1 & poppy se$4 ,x is easily tam$4 ,,! ,,purple ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa purpurea1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,b\vreuil violet de la ,c>ol9e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,purpurf9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,! size ( ?is bird is t ( ! common *aff9*1 ! l5g? be+ five in*es & a half2 ! plumage is ( a deep violet1 or r$di% purple1 mix$ ) a little d>k br[n2 ! quill-fea!rs are br[n on ! inside2 ! belly is :ite2 ! tail is r =k$4 ,! female is all ov] ( a deep blue1 except ! brea/1 :i* is speckl$4 ,,obs]vations4--,^! birds are v num]\s dur+ ! summ] 9 ,c>ol9a1 :i* !y quit 9 ! w9t] 9 small flights4 ,junip] b]ries are _! pr9cipal food2 & !y eat !m ) pleasure :5 cag$4 ,!y are g5]ally f$ ) rape & can>y se$2 b are soon accu/om$ to all ! food ( ! avi>y4 ,!y are m admir$ = _! plumage ?an _! song4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,goldf9*4 ,fr+illa tri/is1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,*>donn]et jaune1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,gelbe ,/ieglitz1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is z l>ge z a l9net1 its l5g? be+ ab\t f\r in*es & a ?ird4 ,! beak & feet are :iti%2 ! iris is nut-br[n2 ! =ehead is black1 & ! re/ ( ! body yell[4 ,! female has no black on ! =ehead2 ! upp] "p ( h] body is ( an olive gre52 ! ?roat1 brea/ & rump ( a bright yell[2 ! belly & v5t :ite2 ! w+s & tail blacki%4 ,! "y males at fir/ exactly resemble ! females1 ! only diff]5ce be+ ! black =ehead4 ,^! birds build twice a ye>1 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,edw>ds says t !y also m\lt twice1 s t x is only dur+ ! summ] t !y are ( ! col\rs describ$ above4 ,9 ! w9t] ! top ( ! male's head is black2 ! ?roat1 neck1 & brea/1 yell[2 ! rump also yell[1 b ( a :iti% hue2 ! fea!rs ( ! back olive br[n1 light] at ! edges2 ! w+s & ! tail black1 ) :ite edges to almo/ all ! fea!rs4 ,! female is g5]ally ( a light] col\r1 & ! top ( ! head is n black3 ?us we p]ceive t 9 w9t] ^! birds v mu* resemble our sisk9s4 ,,obs]vations4--,^! ,am]ican birds repair 9 ! summ] 9 great numb]s to ! /ate ( ,new ,york2 !y live on ! se$s ( diff]5t k9ds ( ?i/les1 l our goldf9*es1 & eat ! same food :5 cag$4 ,!y are easily tam$1 & sometimes ev5 lay 9 captivity4 ,_! eggs are ( a pe>l gray1 b ,i am ignorant :e!r !y are ev] productive 9 conf9em5t4 ,,! ,,brazilian ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa granat9a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,gr5ad91 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,brasilis*e ,f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is f\r in*es & ?ree qu>t]s1 ! beak is coral r$2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! eyelids are sc>let2 ! feet are light gray2 ! sides ( ! head r\nd2 ! eyes are purpli%2 ! upp] base ( ! beak is blue2 ! ?roat1 ! l[] "p ( ! belly1 & ! ?ighs1 are black2 ! l[] "p ( ! head & ! re/ ( ! body are *e/nut1 ) a v>y+ br[n on ! back & %\ld]s4 ,! female has a r$ beak1 & a little purple "u ! eyes2 ! top ( ! head orange2 ! back grayi% br[n2 ! ?roat & l[] p>ts ( ! body light orange2 ! l[] "p ( ! belly :iti%2 ! re/ ( ! col\rs diff] f ^? ( ! male only 9 be+ less brilliant4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is beautiful species comes f ,brazil1 & is always v exp5sive4 ,! =m ( ! beak is ne>ly ! same z t ( ! goldf9*2 ! food is also ! same2 its motions are quick1 & its song v pleas+4 ,,! ,,blue-,,belli$ ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa ,b5galus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,b5gali1 ou ,fr+ille v5tre bleu1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,blaubu*ige ,f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is f\r in*es & a half1 "o & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail1 :i* is w$ge-%ap$2 ! beak is "o ?ird ( an in* long1 flatti% at ! sides1 v %>p1 & fle%-col\r$2 ! iris is nut-br[n2 ! feet are light br[n2 ! upp] "p ( ! head & body are a%-col\r$1 v>y+ to purple2 ! sides ( ! head1 ! l[] "p ( ! neck1 ! brea/1 ! belly1 & ! rump1 are light blue4 ,! female has no m>k "u ! eyes4 ,! v>ieties :i* are obs]vable among ^! birds probably arise f diff]5ce ( age3 "s are f\nd gray on ! back1 & o!rs on ! l[] p>ts ( ! body2 & "s 9 :i* ! belly incl9es to r$4 ,,obs]vations4--,! blue-belli$ f9* is a native ( ,africa1 & comes pr9cipally f ,angola & ,gu9ea3 x is a pretty lively bird1 ) a sweet agreeable song4 ,x is f$ ) can>y-se$1 bruis$ hemp1 & poppy-se$4 ,,! ,,liv]-,,br[n ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa hepatica1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,d] ,leb]f>b5e ,f9k1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ab\t ! same size z ! la/1 :i* x some:at resembles 9 plumage2 b its air & mann] are v diff]5t4 ,its l5g? is f\r in*es1 ( :i* ! w$ge-%ap$ tail measures "o & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! beak is l t ( ! sp>r[ 9 =m1 ( a blood-r$ col\r1 tipp$ ) black2 ! eyelids are yell[i% & b>e2 ! iris is r$di% br[n2 ! feet are fle%-col\r$2 on ! *eeks is a d>k purple spot2 ! ?roat1 half ! brea/1 ! sides1 & ! rump1 are ( a dirty gre5i% blue3 ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a d>k liv]-br[n1 ! belly ( a light] %ade ( ! same col\r2 ! w+s are ( a deep br[n1 ) ! edges ( ! p5-fea!rs ( ! same col\r z ! back2 ! "u side t5d+ to blue1 ) black tips4 ,i d n "k ! female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species inhabits ! %ores ( ,africa2 x is v lively1 & its call is tz4 ,its weak b sweet song resembles t ( ! wood wr54 ,x is f$ on can>y-se$4 ,,! ,,angola ,,f9*4 ,fr+illa ,angol5sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,v5gol9e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,angolis*e ,hnfl+1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is1 9 =m & habits1 v mu* resembles our r$pole4 ,its l5g? is f\r in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! =k$ tail conta9s "o & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! beak is %ort1 & n flatti%1 blunt at ! tip1 & ( a d+y fle%-col\r2 ! feet are fle%-col\r$2 ! circumf]5ce ( ! beak is black2 t ( ! eyes1 ) ! sides ( ! ?roat1 is spott$ ) :ite2 ! top ( ! head1 ! upp] "p ( ! ?roat1 ! back1 & ! little cov]ts ( ! w+s1 are ( a br[ni% a%-col\r4 ,,obs]vations4--,angola is ! native c\ntry ( ?is bird4 ,z to ! song1 x is sweet & flute-l1 v l t ( ! l9net1 b m melodi\s4 ,x is f$ ) rape & can>y se$4 ,! "y males h ! same plumage z ! females4 ,,! ,,gre5 ,,goldf9*4 ,fr+illa ,melba1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,*>donn]et v]t1 ,,buffon2 ,d] grne ,/ieglitz1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is exactly ( ! =m ( our common goldf9*4 ,its l5g? is f\r in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & a half4 ,! beak is half an in* long1 & ( a c>nation col\r2 ! iris is *e/nut2 ! feet gray2 ! front ( ! head1 ! back ( ! eye1 & ! ?roat1 are ( a bright r$2 ! bridle is a%-col\r2 ! upp] "p ( ! head1 ! neck1 & ! back1 are yell[i% gre54 ,! female has a light yell[ beak1 ! top ( ! head & ! neck a%-col\r2 ! little cov]ts ( ! w+s & rump yell[-gre52 ! fea!rs ( ! tail br[n1 edg$ ) pale r$2 ! re/ l ! male4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species is f\nd 9 ,brazil4 ,! male pleases ! e> by 8 song1 z mu* z ! eye by 8 plumage4 ,x appe>s t by fe$+ !m simply ) rape & can>y se$ !y may be pres]v$ heal?y = _m ye>s4 ,illu/ration ,,w>bl]s4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ?is gr\p are a conical beak1 sometimes t5d+ to cyl9drical1 %>p1 g5]ally weak1 & ! upp] m&ible fix$4 ,insects are ! food ( ! great] numb]2 "s also fe$ on b]ries & worms4 ,! ne/s are = ! mo/ "p well made1 & ! male sits alt]nately ) ! female4 ,,! ,,sky-,,l>k4 ,alauda arv5sis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l'al\ette1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,feld]*e1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is v g5]ally kn[n4 ,its l5g? is sev5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail conta9s ?ree4 ,! beak is weak1 /raight1 cyl9drical1 & t]m9at+ 9 a po9t2 ! m&ibles are ( an equal l5g?1 ! l[] "o :iti%1 ! upp] black horn col\r2 ! iris is grayi% br[n2 ! feet ( ! same col\r1 b yell[] 9 ! spr+2 ! height ( ! %anks is ne>ly an in*1 & ! h9d claw is mu* long] ?an ! h9d toe itself4 ,! female is di/+ui%$ by its small] size1 by ! abs5ce ( ! :ite l9e r\nd ! *eeks1 by ! great numb] ( black spots on ! back & brea/1 & by ! pur] :ite ( ! brea/4 ,9 ! h\se we sometimes meet ) ! two foll[+ v>ieties3-- #a4 ,! :ite l>k1 :i* is ei!r cle> :ite or yell[i% :ite4 ,he is occasionally f\nd wild4 #b4 ,! black l>k4 ,! :ole body ( ?is v>iety is black ) a ru/y t+e1 & ! belly fea!rs are edg$ ) :ite4 ,i am ignorant :e!r ?is v>iety has ev] be5 f\nd wild2 b x is n uncommon 9 dwell+ h\ses1 especially :5 ! cages are fix$ 9 a d>k place :]e ! rays ( ! sun _c p5etrate2 9 m\lt+1 _! col\r passes away to give place to ! primitive plumage1 :i* nev] happ5s to ! :ite v>iety4 ,,habitation4--,9 a wild /ate1 ! sky-l>k is f\nd almo/ all ov] ! _w1 frequ5t+ fields & mead[s1 & by pref]5ce pla9s4 ,x is a bird ( passage :i* g5]ally arrives 9 our regions 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y1 & dep>ts 9 great flights 9 ! mon? ( ,octob]#fj4 ,no bird ( passage returns s soon z ! l>k2 b z x lives n only on insects1 b eats all k9ds ( se$s & ev5 grass1 x c seldom be 9 want ( provision ev5 9 ! sev]e/ wea!r4 ,illu/ration ,9 rooms1 x is common to let x hop ab\t1 giv+ x a retir$ corn] to sleep2 x is1 h[ev]1 also kept 9 cages1 :]e x s+s be/4 ,:atev] =m may be giv5 to ^! cages1 !y mu/ be at lea/ eighte5 in*es long1 n9e wide1 & fifte5 high2 ! bottom %\ld h a draw] 9 :i* en\gh ( riv] s& %\ld be kept = ?is scrat*+ bird to be able to roll & du/ itself conv5i5tly4 ,x is also a good plan to h 9 a corn] a little squ>e ( fre% turf1 :i* is z b5eficial z x is agreeable4 ,! top ( ! cage mu/ be ( l951 s9ce1 f its t5d5cy to rise = flight1 x w\ld run ! risk ( w\nd+ its head aga9/ a cov]+ ( wood or iron wire1 especially be=e x is well tam$4 ,! vessels = food & dr9k mu/ be outside1 or1 :i* ,i pref]1 a draw] = ! food may be introduc$ 9 ! side ( ! cage3 /icks are n necess>y1 z ! l>k does n p]*4 ,:5 x is all[$ to hop free 9 a room1 ! latt] mu/ be v clean & neat1 o!rwise a ?read or hair may entangle ! feet1 & if n remov$ x easily cuts ! sk91 maims ! bird1 & ! entangl$ toes %r9k & fall (f4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 ! food consi/s ( insects1 especially ants' eggs2 also ( all k9ds ( se$s1 & 9 autumn ( oats1 :i* ^! birds sk9 by /rik+ !m aga9/ ! gr\nd1 _! beak be+ too weak to %ell !m alone4 ,9 ! spr+ ! spr\t+ se$s & "y buds1 also ! blades ( "y grass1 are eat51 & gra9s ( s& help _! dige/ion4 ,9 ! h\se1 if ! l>k is hopp+ ab\t1 no?+ is bett] ?an ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e describ$ 9 ! ,introduction2 b if cag$ ! second w suit x bett]4 ,poppy-se$1 bruis$ hemp1 crumb ( bread1 & pl5ty ( gre5s1 z lettuce1 endive1 cabbage1 or wat]-cress1 accord+ to ! season1 mu/ be add$4 ,a little lean meat & ants' eggs are fav\rite delicacies1 :i* make x gay & m incl9$ to s+4 ,:5 old l>ks are fir/ made prison]s1 !y mu/ be f$ only ) oats & poppy-se$ to reconcile !m to captivity4 ,,bre$+4--,! l>k lays b once a ye> 9 cold c\ntries1 twice 9 ! temp]ate1 & ?ree times 9 ! w>m] climates4 ,its ne/1 =m$ on ! gr\nd 9 a little holl[1 is made )\t mu* art ( /raw1 & ! wool & hair ( animals1 & by pref]5ce 9 holl[ gr\nd or among ! summ] crops ( gra94 ,! eggs1 9 numb] f ?ree to five1 are ( a :iti% gray1 spott$ & dott$ ) d>k gray2 incubation la/s f\rte5 days4 ,by ! end ( ,april ! "y are (t5 hat*$1 & are at fir/ only f$ ) insects1 & leave ! ne/ be=e !y c fly2 b !y nev]!less cont9ue to be f$ by ! "m till !y c foll[ h] 9 h] excursions4 ,be=e ! fir/ m\lt+ all ! upp] "p ( ! body is dott$ ) :ite2 if x is wi%$ to take ne/l+s1 !y mu/ be remov$ f ! ne/ :5 ! tail is ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* long4 ,!y are f$ ) crumb ( :ite bread1 & poppy-se$ /eep$ 9 milk2 "s ants' eggs or a little m9c$ lean meat w be a :olesome addition4 ,! males are soon di/+ui%$ by _! yell[ col\r4 ,if x is int5d$ to tea* !m to p]=m a tune1 _! in/ructor mu/ comm5ce be=e !y are ready to fly1 = by t "t !y already beg9 to record _! natural song4 ,!y mu/ also be completely sep>at$ f o!r s++ birds1 o!rwise ! great flexibility ( _! organs1 jo9$ to _! memory1 w infallibly cause !m to adopt ! song ( su* birds z !y are ne>2 & ev5 old l>ks1 br\ght into my bird-room1 h le>nt to imitate p]fectly ! night+ale & *aff9*4 ,!y v>y1 h[ev]1 v mu* 9 ?is respect4 ,"s females 9 conf9em5t lay )\t ! pres5ce ( a male1 & o!rs pair1 b ,i h nev] yet succe$$ 9 mak+ !m sit4 ,"o ( my neighb\rs1 not)/&+ ! greate/ c>e1 has succe$$ no bett]1 ?\gh he _h a female :i* laid f tw5ty to tw5ty-five eggs annually4 ,!re w\ld und\bt$ly be a bett] *ance ( success 9 a l>ge g>d5 avi>y#fa4 ,,diseases4--,besides ^? :i* h be5 nam$ 9 ! ,introduction1 ^! birds are v subject to a k9d ( scurf or yell[ cru/ r\nd ! base ( ! beak4 ,! be/ rem$y is to take c>e t !y h good food2 ! second univ]sal pa/e agrees ) !m p>ticul>ly well2 b gre5s1 ants' eggs1 meal-worms1 or o!r insects1 mu/ be add$4 ,) ?is food !y may be pres]v$ heal?y = _m ye>s 9 ! h\se4 ,in/ances h be5 kn[n ( l>ks :i* h liv$ 9 ?is way = ?irty ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,x w\ld take too long a "t to describe all ! modes ( cat*+ l>ks :i* are 9 use4 ,x is en\gh to say t ) day & night nets1 kn[n by ! "n ( l>k nets1 s l>ge a numb] ( ^! birds are tak5 alive 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 t x is easy to h a *oice ( bo? males & females4 ,?is l>k sn>+ is accompli%$ by plac+ a consid]able numb] ( nets p]p5dicul>ly l walls1 :i* are call$ day-nets1 t[>ds :i*1 9 ! dusk1 ! birds are =c$ by means ( a long rope1 :i* is drawn along ! gr\nd1 & drives !m =w>d2 9 ! night a squ>e net call$ a night-net is c>ri$ to a spot :]e x is kn[n t _m l>ks are collect$ 9 ! /ubble1 & !re !y are cov]$ j :5 !y beg9 to flutt]4 ,if1 9 ! spr+1 x is wi%$ to procure a good s++ male1 = "s are bett] ?an o!rs1 a l>k ^: w+s are ti$1 & ) a little =k$ lime-twig fix$ to its back1 mu/ be c>ri$ to ! place :]e su* a bird is to be f\nd4 ,z soon z x is let loose1 & ! desir$ male has p]ceiv$ x f high 9 ! air1 he w fall ^u x l an arr[ & attack x2 b soon1 ! dupe ( 8 jeal\sy1 he w f9d himself caught by ! lime4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! v pleas+ song ( ! sky-l>k consi/s ( sev]al /anzas or /ra9s1 compos$ entirely ( trills & fl\ri%es1 int]rupt$ f "t to "t by l\d :i/l+4 ,i h already said t ! l>k has great abilities = le>n+4 ,! "y readily imitate ! notes ( all ! birds 9 ! same room ) !m1 & ! old sometimes succe$ also3 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n g5]al2 = among birds z among m51 memories v>y 9 p[]4 ,"s h a /rong] & m melodi\s voice2 !re are "s :i*1 9 conf9em5t1 beg9 to s+ z e>ly z ,decemb]1 & cont9ue till !y m\lt2 :ile o!rs1 less lively1 delay till ! mon? ( ,m>*1 & cease to s+ 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/4 ,9 its wild /ate1 ! l>k beg9s to s+ 9 ! fir/ f9e days ( spr+1 ! season ( pair+1 & ceases at ! end ( ,july2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n )\t exceptions1 z "s individuals cont9ue till ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,x belongs to ! small numb] ( birds :i* s+ z !y fly1 & ! high] x rises ! m x appe>s to elevate its voice1 s t x may be he>d :5 x is out ( sight4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 x v seldom s+s :5 on ! gr\nd2 9 ! room x (t5 does1 & ) ease1 & x becomes s tame z to come & eat f ! table or ! h&4 ,,! ,,cre/$ ,,l>k4 ,alauda cri/ata1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,co*evis1 ou la grosse ,al\ette huppe2 ,die ,haub5l]*e1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is /rong] ?an ! sky-l>k1 & its col\r is light]1 b its l5g? ! same4 ,! beak is lead-col\r$1 & br[n at ! po9t1 is also r long]2 ! iris is d>k br[n4 ,! %anks are an in* high1 & yell[i% gray2 ! head1 ! *eeks1 ! upp] "p ( ! neck to ! upp] "p ( ! back1 are ( a r$di% gray1 caus$ by ! wide r$ edges ( ! fea!rs1 :i* are br[n 9 ! middle2 a r$di% :ite l9e1 h>dly p]ceptible above ! eyes1 b v di/9ct beyond1 ext5ds f ! no/rils to ! e>s2 eight or t5 long-po9t$ blacki% fea!rs ris+ on ! head =m a beautiful p]p5dicul> cre/4 ,! cre/ ( ! female is l[]1 b h] brea/ is cov]$ ) m num]\s & r\nd] spots ?an ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is only 9 autumn & w9t] t !y appe> 9 ,saxony 9 small or l>ge flights1 beside ! high roads1 on dunghills1 ne> b>ns & /ables1 among sp>r[s & yell[hamm]s2 !y are also f\nd all ov] ,europe1 f ,sw$5 to ,italy#fb2 9 summ]1 !y frequ5t ! ?ickets & bu%es ( ! pla9s1 fields1 & mead[s1 or !y inhabit ! holl[s ( dit*es1 pa?s 9 woods1 & elevat$ villages4 ,!y dep>t 9 ,octob]4 ,9 ! h\se !y may be kept 9 cages1 l ! sky-l>k1 or be left to run ab\t4 ,i "k no bird ^: fea!rs gr[ s quickly2 if ! w+s are kept clipp$1 ?is mu/ be repeat$ e ?ree or f\r weeks1 z by t "t !y are s mu* gr[n t !y may s]ve = fly+ ab\t ! room4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ?is bird lives1 l ! sky-l>k1 on insects1 diff]5t sorts ( se$s1 & oats4 ,9 ! h\se x is f$ ) ! same ?+s1 b x becomes m robu/ & heal?y ?an ! sky-l>k4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species =ms its ne/ on ! gr\nd1 "u little dry bu%es1 "u g>d5 vegetables1 on clay walls1 & ev5 on ?at*$ ro(s4 ,! eggs1 9 numb] f f\r to five1 are ( a ru/y gray1 %ad$ & spott$ at ! upp] end ) d>k br[n4 ,! fir/ plumage ( ! "y be=e m\lt+ is v>iegat$ :ite4 ,!y are tak5 f ! ne/ :5 ! fea!rs are half gr[n to be tam$ & taught airs1 or to h !m in/ruct$ by o!r birds ^: song is admir$2 !y le>n e ?+ ) ! greate/ ease4 ,,diseases4--,!y are ! same z ^? ( o!r l>ks4 ,a l\sy disease may be add$4 ,i possess two male cre/$ l>ks1 "o ( :i* has h>dly any ( ! lice :i* s commonly torm5t birds1 :il/ ! o!r1 :i* is nev]!less z gay & musical1 is s cov]$ ) !m t he _c be t\*$ )\t hav+ ! h& fill$ ) ^! na/y insects4 ,he has be5 ) me f\r ye>s1 & ?\gh he has ma9ta9$ = a long "t millions ( ^! p>asites1 he cont9ues 9 good heal?1 :i* ,i attribute to 8 abundant supply ( good food4 ,is ?is produc$ by a diff]5ce 9 ! cleanly dispositions ( ^! two birds1 or is x a con/itutional diff]5ce8 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,:51 9 w9t]1 any spot has be5 rem>k$ :i* ! l>ks pref]1 a place mu/ be cle>$ f sn[1 "s oats & poppy-se$ be ?r[n ^u x = a bait1 & lim$ twigs1 nets1 or ev5 a simple gauze1 be conv5i5tly arrang$1 & soon pl5ty w be caught4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ( ! cre/$ l>k is1 9 my op9ion1 v inf]ior to t ( ! sky-l>k2 x seems compos$ ( ! w>bl+ ( t & ( ! l9net2 ?is bird s+s also 9 ! night4 ,its "t ( s++ la/s f ,febru>y to ,augu/1 b long] 9 ^? birds :i* h be5 tam$ f ! ne/4 ,x has n ! tott]+ gait ( ! sky-l>k1 b runs nimbly1 & moves its cre/ 9 ! mo/ expressive way4 ,x is r qu>relsome1 & has ! peculi>ity t :5 x fights x cont9ues to s+4 ,,! ,,wood-,,l>k4 ,alauda arborea1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,cujeli]1 ou ,l',al\ette des ,bois1 ou ,la ,l\l\1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,waldl]*e1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is *>m+ species is "o-?ird small] ?an ! field-l>k1 & resembles x mu* 9 =m & gait4 ,! beak is black above1 br[n bel[1 t5d+ to c>nation at ! tip4 ,! %anks1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* high1 are ( a br[ni% fle%-col\r4 ,! top ( ! head is r$di% br[n1 ) f\r d>k br[n l9es2 its long fea!rs r5d] ! head l>ge1 & !y may be rais$ at pleasure into a cre/1 :i* f eye to eye is surr\nd$ by a :iti% a%-col\r$ l9e4 ,! tail is v %ort4 ,! female1 m beautiful1 is ( a pal] gr\nd1 ) d>k] ornam5ts2 h] brea/ m spott$2 ! cre/ on h] head m prom95t1 & ! l9e r\nd ! *eeks m di/9ct4 ,x is a well atte/$ obs]vation made on all our indig5\s species1 t ! individuals ) ! mo/ spots on a light] gr\nd1 & ( a cle>] :ite1 are c]ta9ly females4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ^! birds inhabit ! temp]ate regions ( ,europe1 9 summ] ! woods ( ! pla91 ne> fields & mead[s1 & 9 ! woods ( ! hills !y alt]nate betwe5 hea?s & pa/ure l&s4 ,aft] bre$+ "t !y assemble 9 small flocks ( t5 or twelve4 ,!y are ?us f\nd 9 ! /ubble1 at _! dep>ture 9 ,octob]1 & _! return 9 ,m>*4 ,9 ! h\se ,i pref] lett+ !m run ab\t1 because my exp]i5ce %[s t !y s+ bett] 9 ?is way ?an :5 cag$4 ,!y mu/ be well suppli$ ) riv] s&1 z well to roll & du/ !mselves z to pick out gra9s necess>y = _! dige/ion4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 9 summ]1 ! food consi/s ( insects2 9 autumn1 ( rape1 millet1 se$1 & oats2 9 spr+1 be=e !y c f9d insects & worms1 !y are satisfi$ ) ! "y buds ( h]bs1 wat]-cresses1 &1 on an em]g5cy1 ) ! buds ( ! filb]t4 ,9 ! h\se1 z ?is species is m delicate ?an ! prec$+1 x is well to v>y ! food1 & to give x occasionally1 indep5d5t ( ! univ]sal pa/e1 poppy-se$1 oats1 hemp1 spr\t+ :eat1 fre% curds1 fre% & dri$ ants' eggs1 m9c$ ox he>t1 meal worms1 & ! l4 ,:5 "o ( ^! birds is caught by ! net or o!rwise1 ! be/ ?+s to induce x to eat :5 x rea*es ! bird-room are poppy-se$s & ants' eggs4 ,i h se5 two wood-l>ks :i* _h be5 kept 9 a cage = eight ye>s1 v heal?y & gay1 ) _! feet q free f disease1 & s++ p]fectly4 ,_! food consi/$ ( crumbs ( :ite bread & p\nd$ hemp-se$ mix$ toge!r2 a piece ( :ite bread1 en\gh = ! day1 soak$ 9 milk1 :i* 0 p\r$ boil+ ov] x e morn+1 0 also furni%$2 & f9ally1 "s ants' eggs1 giv5 two or ?ree times a day z a treat4 ,! bottom ( ! cage 0 also cov]$ ) s&1 :i* 0 *ang$ regul>ly e day1 z well z ! wat]4 ,!y 7 always kept 9 summ] outside ! w9d[1 expos$ to ! free air1 scre5+ !m f ! sun by cov]+ ! top ( ! cage ) a %eet ( pap] or piece ( l95 by way ( p>asol4 ,! success ( ?is mode ( treatm5t suffici5tly proves its advantage4 ,! cage 0 furni%$ ) two b>s1 because ! wood-l>k p]*es4 ,,bre$+4--,! wood-l>k builds among ! hea?1 "u junip] bu%es1 9 h$ges1 high grass1 or "u a gre5 hillock 9 fields ne> ! woods1 or 9 copse wood4 ,! ne/ is made ( dry blades ( grass1 mix$ ) moss1 wool1 & hair4 ,! eggs are v>iegat$ ) light gray & br[ni% violet4 ,! "y may be br$ up ) bread soak$ 9 milk1 & ants' eggs4 ,!y readily le>n ! diff]5t songs ( ! birds ) :i* !y are imprison$2 b ?is m$ley is less agreeable to me ?an _! natural song4 ,,diseases4--,to ! li/ ( diseases already giv51 to :i* ! wood-l>k may be subject1 ,i mu/ add "o :i* is peculi> to x4 ,?is attacks ! feet & r5d]s !m extremely brittle4 ,i _c too /rongly recomm5d to clean !m c>efully f ev]y?+ :i* might entangle !m2 a s+le hair may cut !m1 s t ! toes %rivel1 or ulc]ate & fall (f4 ,!y become s brittle ) age1 t ) all my c>es ,i c\ld nev] keep any beyond f\r ye>s2 ! lea/ ?+ breaks !m4 ,mo/ ( ! wood-l>ks :i* ,i h _h p]i%$ f brok5 legs2 & ?is peculi>ity ,i h rem>k$ 9 no o!r species ( bird4 ,we see f ^! in/ances1 t if birds all[$ to hop ab\t a room enjoy m space & free ex]cise1 !y are also subject to m inconv5i5ces & disadvantages ?an cag$ birds4 ,_! food is nei!r s appropriate or regul>2 !y _c be kept s clean2 _! feet are almo/ inevitably injur$2 & lice dev\r !m1 )\t ! p[] ( prev5tion4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! wood-l>k may be caught on ! ne/ by means ( lim$ twigs2 b z x is v cruel to sep>ate a pair1 & ?us to de/roy a :ole family1 x is bett] to wait till autumn1 & to use ! night-net4 ,!y may be caught e>ly 9 ! spr+1 :5 !re is sn[ on ! gr\nd1 by plac+ lim$ twigs or nets 9 cle>$ places4 ,?is is ! be/ me?od ( cat*+ !m4 ,x is true t ?is plan w n succe$ 9 all ye>s2 b ano!r may be sub/itut$1 if we h a decoy wood-l>k1 by plac+ x "u a fold+ net1 9 a field frequ5t$ by a flight ( ?is species1 :i* w n fail to jo9 x4 ,! same means also may be us$ z ) ! *aff9*1 namely1 by ty+ ! w+s ( a wood-l>k ) a lim$ twig on 8 back1 & lett+ him run to ! place :]e !re is a male ( ! same species4 ,by ?is means ! bird-fanci] may obta9 :atev] k9d ( s+] he pref]s4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,( all ! species ( l>ks ! wood l>k has ! f9e/ song1 & to my ta/e x is1 ( all our indig5\s birds 7always except+ ! night+ale71 ! "o ^: natural notes are ! mo/ delightful4 ,its cle> flute-l voice executes a sonor\s1 t5d]1 & some:at melan*oly air4 ,9 ! c\ntry x rises f ! tops ( ! trees s high 9 ! air t ! eye c sc>cely disc]n x1 & !re rema9+ /ation>y1 ! w+s & ! tail exp&$1 x s+s un9t]rupt$ly = h\rs toge!r2 x s+s 9 ! same mann] :5 p]*$ on a tree4 ,9 ! h\se1 x is f a retir$ corn]1 tranquil & motionless1 t x utt]s ! diff]5t modulations ( its beautiful voice4 ,! s++ "t 9 its wild /ate is f ,m>* to ,july2 9 ! h\se1 f ,febru>y to ,augu/4 ,! female1 l o!r l>ks1 s+s also1 b h] /ra9s are %ort] & less su/a9$4 ,^! birds appe> to be subject to :ims3 ,i h se5 "s :i* w\ld nev] s+ 9 a room or 9 ! pres5ce ( an auditor4 ,^! p]v]se birds mu/ be plac$ 9 a long cage outside ! w9d[4 ,i h rem>k$ t 9 g5]al ^! ob/9ate birds are ! be/ s+]s4 ,_! abrupt /ep & v>i\s frolics1 9 :i* !y raise ! fea!rs ( ! head & neck1 are also v amus+4 ,,! ,,titl>k4 ,an?us arboreus1 ,,be*/e92 ,l',al\ette ,pipi1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,waldpiep]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ! smalle/ ( our l>ks2 its l5g? is b five in*es & a half1 two & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail1 :i* x c>ries & moves l a wagtail1 & by ?is *>act]i/ic x seems to /& int]m$iate betwe5 ! l>ks & ! wagtails4 ,! %>p beak is d>k br[n above & :iti% bel[2 ! iris is br[n4 ,! %anks are ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* high1 & light fle%-col\r$2 ! angle ( ! h9d toe is %ort & crook$4 ,! head1 r oval ?an r\nd1 is1 ) ! neck1 back1 rump1 & sides1 ( an olive br[n ) black wavy spots4 ,! female diff]s f ! male only 9 ! pal] yell[ ( ! ?roat1 neck1 & brea/2 ! :ite spot 9 ! second tail-fea!r is also small]1 & ! two transv]se b&s on ! w+s are :it]4 ,! "y males ( ! fir/ ye> h ! "u "p ( ! body ( a light] yell[ ?an ^? :i* are old]4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ) ! exception ( ! mo/ nor!rn p>ts1 ?is species is f\nd all ov] ,europe4 ,!y build 9 great numb]s 9 ,g]many & ,engl&1 9 m\nta9\s & woody places1 & e/abli% !mselves by pref]5ce on ! skirts ( =e/s1 9 fields1 & or*>ds1 9 _! neighb\rhood1 or 9 ! cle>$ p>ts ( woods4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ !y arrive 9 small flights 9 fields & enclosures plant$ ) cabbages1 :]e cat]pill>s ab\nd4 ,9 ,septemb] !y pass into ! oat fields1 & 9 ,octob] !y are caught 9 ! nets ) ! common l>ks4 ,! "t ( _! return is ab\t ! end ( ,m>*2 & if ! cold is sev]e !y collect by ?\s&s 9 damp fields & ne> w>m spr+s4 ,"o peculi>ity ( ?is species is ! hav+ dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye> a call diff]5t f t ( ! bre$+ season4 ,x no long] p]*es on trees & bu%es1 b rema9s on ! gr\nd1 cry+ pitt1 pitt1 7or r1 ,i ?9k1 guik1 guik17 :ile 9 ! sitt+ "t ! cry is m t5d]1 expresses m solicitude1 tzip1 tzip1 & is he>d only 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! ne/4 ,z soon1 !re=e1 z ?is cry /rikes ! e>1 we may be sure ! ne/ is n f> (f2 & if ! "y are hat*$ we %all soon see ! fa!r or "m ) a beakful ( insects1 r$\bl+ & increas+ ! cry z !y approa* _! preci\s *>ge4 ,! o!r cry ( pitt or guik is nev] he>d at ?is season2 :5ce x happ5s t sportsm5 & bird-cat*]s make two species ( ?is same l>k2 "o !y "n ! hea? l>k1 ^: call 9 ! woods is tzip1 & ! o!r ! cabbage l>k1 :i* 9 ! fields calls guik4 ,i h nev] be5 able to conv9ce ^! p ( _! error1 b by %[+ !m 9 my bird-room ! same l>k :i* call$ guik 9 ! autumn & w9t]1 & tzip 9 ! summ]4 ,we may judge by ?is circum/ance h[ _m mi/akes & errors may slip into natural hi/ory1 :5 9 ! det]m9ation ( species we meet ) ?+s :i* we c nei!r see nor v]ify4 ,9 conf9em5t1 ,i h be5 accu/om$ to let ! call+ l>k range freely among my o!r birds1 because ,i w\ld n tr\ble myself to give x a p>ticul> cage4 ,i own1 h[ev]1 t x w\ld be bett] s circum/anc$1 on all acc\nts1 z well 9 reg>d to its heal? z its song4 ,?is cage %\ld be long1 l t ( ! sky-l>k1 & furni%$ ) two /icks1 because ?is k9d p]*es4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 ! food consi/s ( all sorts ( flies1 gras%opp]s1 cat]pill>s1 butt]flies1 beetles1 & ants' eggs4 ,9 conf9em5t1 z x is ! mo/ delicate ( its species1 ! food mu/ be frequ5tly *ang$ & v>i$4 ,besides ! univ]sal pa/e1 we %\ld sometimes give x ! common food ( ! night+ale1 sometimes bruis$ hemp1 m\ldy *eese1 meal worms1 & ants' eggs4 ,x is v difficult to accu/om x to take ! food ( ! bird-room4 ,z soon z x arrives1 we mu/ ?r[ x "s meal worms1 ants' eggs1 or cat]pill>s2 z soon z ^! are eat51 "s mu/ be mix$ ) ! univ]sal pa/e & ) all its food2 x w ?us ins5sibly gr[ accu/om$ to ! common food4 ,?is l>k does n roll 9 ! s&1 & du/ itself l ! o!rs1 b x ?ru/s its beak into wat] & spr9kles itself2 ano!r indication ( its approximation to ! wagtail1 z 0 m5tion$ above4 ,,bre$+4--,! titl>k lays twice a ye>4 ,! ne/1 plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 a cle>$ "p ( ! woods1 or "u a bu% or hillock1 9 a tuft ( grass1 9 a field or or*>d1 is made 9 ! simple/ mann]2 co>se hay outside & f9] )91 ) "s wool & hair1 are all ! mat]ials4 ,! eggs1 9 numb] f f\r to five1 are gray mottl$ ) br[n2 ! "y escape z soon z possible1 hav+ b too _m enemies to fe> on ! gr\nd4 ,!y may be br\ght up ) ants' eggs & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk1 to :i* a few poppy-se$s are add$4 ,!y easily le>n to imitate ! songs ( ! birds 9 ! same room ) !m1 especially t ( ! can>y1 )\t h[ev] atta9+ any great p]fection4 ,,diseases4--,indep5d5t ( ^? :i* are common to ! o!r birds ( its species1 x is p>ticul>ly subject to ! loss ( its fea!rs out ( ! m\lt+ season2 if x is n at once suppli$ ) food m nutriti\s1 & bett] suit$ to its natural habits1 z ants' eggs1 meal worms1 & o!r insects1 x soon dies ( atrophy4 ,at ! be/ x c only be pres]v$ five or six ye>s#fc4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,to take ! bird f its ne/ by a lim$ twig1 & ?us de/roy ! "y family by hung] & mis]y1 is a cruelty :i* none b a h>% ins5sible amateur c\ld resolve ^u4 ,i pref] us+ ! night-net 9 autumn2 ?is bird is also caught 9 ! wat]-trap 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ( ! titl>k1 ?\gh %ort1 & compos$ ( only ?ree /ra9s mix$ ) %akes & trills1 is nev]!less v pleas+4 ,x s+s f ! end ( ,m>* to ,july1 ei!r f ! top ( a tree1 :]e x is p]*$1 or :5 ris+ p]p5dicul>ly 9 ! air1 :]e x rema9s a few m9utes & !n quietly desc5ds1 almo/ always to ! same place4 ,z x alights x repeats sev]al times tzia1 tzia1 tzia4 ,9 ! h\se x beg9s to s+ a mon? e>li]4 ,x pleases also by its pretty ways2 its /ep is some:at grave1 & ! tail is 9 p]petual motion3 x is always v clean & trim4 ,,! ,,field ,,pipit4 ,an?us campe/ris1 ,,be*/e92 ,la ,spipolette1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,bra*piep]1 ,,be*/e94 ,9 figure x is m sl5d] ?an ! sky-l>k2 ! plumage resembles t ( ! cre/$ l>k1 & ! =m t ( ! titl>k4 ,its l5g? is six in*es & a half4 ,! beak is /rong & long1 ! l9e above ! eyes di/9ctly m>k$1 ! brea/ yell[i% :ite1 ) b few rays or l9es4 ,9 summ] x frequ5ts m>%y woods1 9 autumn ! edges ( ! fields1 high roads1 & mead[s1 :]e x may be easily caught ) ! night-net4 ,its only kn[n song is its con/ant cry tsirru & datsida :ile revolv+ 9 ! air4 ,x dep>ts 9 ,septemb] & returns 9 ,april4 ,its food is ! same z t ( ! titl>k2 x also requires ! same treatm5t :5 9 conf9em5t if x %\ld be wi%$ to keep x1 b x has no qualities to make ?is desirable4 ,,! ,,%ore ,,l>k4 ,alauda alpe/ris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,al\ette ,haussecol noir1 ou ,al\ette de ,virg9ie1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,b]gl]*e1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is sev5 in*es long1 r /rong] ?an ! field pipit1 & has ! same plumage on ! upp] "p ( ! body2 b ! ?roat is light yell[1 z well z ! re/ ( ! "u "p ( ! neck1 ov] :i* & ! top ( ! brea/ passes a black b&1 :i* 9 ! l[] "p is %ap$ l a horse-%oe4 ,! beak1 feet1 & claws1 are black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ore ,,l>k4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species prop]ly inhabits ! nor? z well ( ,europe z ( ,am]ica1 z f> z ,virg9ia2 b 9 ! w9t] x appe>s 9 ,g]many1 :]e x may be se5 by ! road side pick+ = its food ! undige/$ gra9s 9 horse-dung4 ,x p]*es l ! wood-l>k4 ,x is caught 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,?ur+ia ) lime twigs1 or nets1 at its return 9 ,m>*1 :5 !re has happ5$ a heavy fall ( sn[2 b at su* times x is s ?9 & s weak = want ( food z sc>cely to h /r5g? to eat :at is (f]$ to x4 ,x may1 no d\bt1 be pres]v$ 9 conf9em5t by treat+ x l o!r l>ks1 b ( ?is ,i h no exp]i5ce1 nev] hav+ be5 able to procure a s+le liv+ individual ( ?is species1 :i* also prev5ts my speak+ ( its song4 ,,! ,,cal&ra ,,l>k4 ,alauda ,cal&ra1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,cal&re1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,kal&]1 ,,be*/e94 ,l>g] ?an ! common l>k1 ! ,cal&ra is also furni%$ ) a %ort] & /rong] beak1 :i* enables x to %ell its gra92 9 o!r respects ! plumage1 ! =m1 & mann]s1 are ! same1 ! only diff]5ce be+ a v di/9ct & app>5t spot on ! l[] "p ( ! neck4 ,! male is di/+ui%$ by be+ l>g] & black] r\nd ! neck2 ! female has a v n>r[ coll>1 & sometimes none at all2 "s individuals1 old ones d\btless1 h a l>ge black m>k at ! top ( ! brea/4 ,! tail is black1 accord+ to ,l9nu1 :ile 9 ! prec$+ x is br[n4 ,,habitation4--,x appe>s t ?is species has mu* resemblance to ! prec$+2 b x does n inhabit ! ,nor?2 x is f\nd 9 ,syria1 ,italy1 ,s>d9ia1 & ,prov5ce3 x is also said to frequ5t ,c>ol9a1 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 conf9em5t x mu/ be furni%$ ) a long cage1 ! top made ( l951 because x hops & jumps ab\t a great deal1 especially at fir/4 ,x mu/ be f$ l ! o!r l>ks4 ,,bre$+4--,x builds on ! gr\nd l ! sky-l>k1 & lays f\r or five eggs4 ,9 ord] to h cal&ras :i* s+ well1 !y mu/ be br$ up f ! ne/1 & be f$ 9 ! same mann] z ! "y ( ! sky-l>k species2 ?is is h[ !y bre$ !m 9 ,prov5ce4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 ! c\ntries :]e x is f\nd1 ! plan consi/s 9 spread+ a net ne> ! wat] :]e x dr9ks2 ?is me?od is consid]$ ! be/4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its song is s admir$ 9 ,italy1 t to s+ l a cal&ra is a common expression = to s+ well4 ,x also possesses ! tal5t ( imitat+1 l ! sky-l>k1 ! songs ( _m birds1 su* z ! goldf9*1 ! l9net1 ! can>y1 & ev5 ! *irp ( "y *ick5s1 ! cry ( ! cat1 9 %ort1 all s\nds adapt$ to its organs1 & :i* may be acquir$ :5 !y are flexible4 ,,! ,,/>l+4 ,illu/ration ,/urnus vulg>is1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',et\rneau1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,/a>1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is eight in*es & a half1 two & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail1 & "o to ! beak1 :i* is awl-%ap$1 angul>1 flatti%1 & r blunt1 yell[1 br[n t[>ds ! end1 & ! tip blue4 ,! iris is nut-br[n2 ! claws an in* long1 are deep fle%-col\r$4 ,all ! plumage is ( a blacki% hue1 *ang+ to purple t[>ds ! front ( ! body1 & to gre5 t[>ds ! h9d "p1 & on ! w+-cov]ts4 ,! old males are d>k]1 hav+ no :ite tips to ! fea!rs ( ! head1 *eeks1 ?roat1 or belly4 ,! beak ( ! female is r br[n ?an yell[2 ! light spots on ! head1 neck1 & brea/1 are l>g]1 & ! edge ( ! fea!rs is wid]1 :i* gives x a light] & m speckl$ appe>ance4 ,! />l+1 l all o!r species1 has its v>ieties3 su* are ! :ite1 ! /reak$ or v>iegat$1 ! :ite-head$1 t ^: body is :ite ) a black head1 & ! a% gray4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ! />l+ is f\nd all ov] ! old _w4 ,x pref]s =e/s & little ?ickets1 surr\nd$ by fields & mead[s2 x is (t5 se51 especially 9 spr+1 on t[]s1 /eeples1 & *ur*es2 b x is nev] f\nd ei!r 9 high m\nta9s or ridges4 ,9 our climate1 x dep>ts1 9 ,octob]1 9 great flights = ! s\?1 & returns 9 l mann] 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*4 ,dur+ ! j\rney1 ^! birds pass ! night among ! ru%es1 :]e1 on ! lea/ al>m1 !y make a great tumult4 ,9 conf9em5t x w\ld be v amus+ to let !m run free2 b let !m be ev] s neat !mselves1 !y w\ld r5d] ! room dirty4 ,:5 cag$1 !y mu/ be furni%$ ) a cage at lea/ two feet long1 & "o & a half bo? 9 height & wid?4 ,v re/less & always 9 motion1 !y require suffici5t space to take ex]cise & keep _! plumage un9jur$4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y eat n only cat]pill>s1 snails1 worms1 insects1 & ! flies :i* torm5t ! cattle 9 ! field2 b also *]ries1 grapes1 b]ries ( all sorts1 & diff]5t sorts ( gra91 z millet & hemp se$4 ,9 conf9em5t !y eat meat1 worms1 bread1 *eese1 ! univ]sal pa/e1 inde$1 any food1 provid$ x is n s\r4 ,:5 fir/ caught1 !y are suppli$ ) e>? & meal-worms1 & !y soon become z tame z if !y _h be5 br\ght up f ! ne/2 b1 z !re is no rule )\t exceptions1 we sometimes meet ) individuals :i* ob/9ately refuse to eat1 :atev] pa9s may be tak5 to induce !m1 & :i* die ( hung]4 ,?is bird delights 9 ba?+ (t51 x mu/ !re=e nev] be left )\t fre% wat] 9 a prop] vessel4 ,,bre$+4--,! />l+ builds 9 ! holes ( trees1 & ev5 9 boxes1 or pots ) long necks1 susp5d$ to trees1 or "u ! ro(1 or 9 pigeon-h\ses4 ,its simple ne/ is compos$ ( dry leaves1 hay1 & fea!rs4 ,l ! swall[ x returns to ! same ne/ e ye>1 only tak+ c>e to clean x out4 ,x lays twice 9 ! ye>1 sev5 eggs ea* "t1 ^: col\r is a%y gre54 ,! "y1 be=e m\lt+1 are ( r a yell[i% soot col\r1 ?an pure black4 ,! beak is d>k br[n2 ^? :i* are br$ f ! ne/1 & :i* are easily re>$ on :ite bread soak$ 9 milk1 repeat ! airs !y are taught 9 a /rong] & m di/9ct mann] ?an bullf9*es & l9nets4 ,!y c1 inde$1 repeat a succession ( c\plets )\t *ang+ or mix+ !m4 ,9 ,voigtl&e1 ! peasants use ! />l+ l dome/ic pigeons2 !y eat ! "y1 :i* !y take be=e !y c fly2 by ?is means !y obta9 ?ree broods1 b !y d n t\* ! la/1 bo? 9 ord] n to disc\rage & drive away ! fa!r & "m1 & n to dim9i% ?is bran* ( economy4 ,/>l+s h be5 se5 to build 9 dwell+-h\ses1 9 an e>!n vase ) a long neck1 appropriat$ to ! purpose#fd4 ,,diseases4--,i "k none peculi> to !m4 ,^! birds w live t5 or twelve ye>s 9 conf9em5t4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,x is pr9cipally 9 autumn1 & 9 places fill$ ) re$s1 t ! bird-cat*]s take great numb]s ( />l+s 9 nets prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,!y may also be procur$ by means ( an osi] fi%-net1 plac$ among ! re$s1 :i* !y frequ5t 9 ! ev5+1 & bait$ ) *]ries4 ,?\gh ?is means is limit$1 z _m z a hundr$ h be5 procur$ by x 9 "o night4 ,9 ,?ur+ia x is nev] attempt$ to cat* !m = ! h\se except 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 :5 sn[ falls aft] _! arrival4 ,= ?is purpose lim$ twigs are put 9 places cle>$ f sn[1 & beside swampy dit*es1 ) "s e>?-worms = a sn>e1 into :i* !y fall z easily z *ick5s4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! />l+ becomes wond]fully famili> 9 ! h\se2 z docile & cunn+ z a dog1 he is always gay1 wakeful1 soon kn[s all ! inhabitants ( ! h\se1 rem>ks _! motions & air1 & adapts himself to _! hum\rs4 ,9 8 solemn tott]+ /ep1 he appe>s to g /upidly =w>d2 b no?+ escapes 8 eye4 ,he le>ns to pron\nce words )\t hav+ 8 tongue cut1 :i* proves ! uselessness ( ?is cruel op]ation4 ,he repeats correctly ! airs :i* are taught him1 z does also ! female1 imitates ! cries ( m5 & animals1 & ! songs ( all ! birds 9 ! room ) him4 ,x mu/ be own$ t 8 acquirem5ts are v unc]ta93 he =gets z fa/ z he le>ns1 or he mixes up ! old & new 9 utt] confusion2 !re=e1 if x is wi%$ to tea* him an air1 or to pron\nce "s words cle>ly & di/9ctly1 x is absolutely necess>y to sep>ate him f o!r birds & animals1 9 a room :]e he c he> no?+4 ,n only are ! "y susceptible ( ^! in/ructions1 ! olde/ ev5 %[ ! mo/ a/oni%+ docility4 ,,! ,,bohemian ,,*att]]4 ,ampelis g>rulus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,jaseur de ,bohme1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,seid5s*wanz1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is eight in*es1 "o & a qu>t] ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* long1 black1 %ort1 /raight1 ar*$ above1 & l>ge at ! base1 =m+ a l>ge op5+ :5 ! m&ibles are sep>at$2 ! iris is br[n2 ! %anks ne>ly an in* high1 & black4 ,! :ole body is cov]$ ) s(t silky fea!rs2 ^? at ! top ( ! head are long1 & rise 9 a cre/2 ! head & ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body are ( a r$di% a%-col\r1 *ang+ to gray at ! rump2 ! middle cov]ts are d>k a% gray1 ) ! ends :ite also1 besides :i*1 ! %aft ( _m has a horny tip1 %9+ & r$1 l a little oval bit ( seal+-wax4 ,! female has at mo/ b five ( ^! wax5 tips to ea* w+1 :ile ! male has f five to n9e2 ! tail is black1 t]m9at$ ) primrose yell[2 v old males h also ^u x n>r[ r$ wax tips4 ,9 ! female1 ! black spot on ! ?roat is small]2 ! yell[ at ! end ( ! tail is also n>r[] & pal]2 ! tips ( ! w+s are ( a yell[i% :ite2 la/ly1 ! horny app5dages are small1 & (t5 !y d n appe> at all4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x does n build 9 ,g]many1 b )9 ! ,arctic circle2 x is f\nd 9 ,?ur+ia only 9 ! w9t]1 & if ! season is mild 9 v small numb]s1 ! great] portion rema9+ 9 ! nor?2 b 9 sev]e cold x advances f>!r s\?4 ,9 mod]ate seasons x is f\nd 9 great flights 9 ! skirts ( ! =e/s ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,g]many & ,bohemia4 ,9 conf9em5t1 x is g5]ally kept 9 a grat$ corn]1 :]e x may run ab\t freely ) ! o!r birds :i* are also plac$ !re1 tak+ c>e to keep x at a di/ance f ! /ove1 ! heat ( :i* is s di/ress+ t x op5s its beak & brea!s ) difficulty2 ?is proves t a w>m climate is n cong5ial to ! bird4 ,if kept 9 a cage1 x requires "o z l>ge z ! ?ru%2 &1 z x is a v dirty bird1 ! bottom mu/ be regul>ly cov]$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( s&4 ,,food4--,:5 wild we see x 9 ! spr+ eat+1 l ?ru%es1 all sorts ( flies & o!r insects2 9 autumn & w9t] diff]5t k9ds ( b]ries2 &1 9 times ( ne$1 ! buds & spr\ts ( ! bee*1 maple1 & v>i\s fruit trees4 ,9 conf9em5t ! two univ]sal pa/es appe> delicacies to x2 & x is ev5 satisfi$ ) bran /eep$ 9 wat]4 ,x swall[s e ?+ voraci\sly1 & refuses no?+ eatable1 su* z potatoes1 cabbage1 salad1 fruits ( all sorts1 & especially :ite bread4 ,x likes to ba!1 or r to spr9kle itself ) wat]1 = x does n wet itself s mu* z o!r birds4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,x is tak5 9 nooses1 to :i* b]ries are fix$1 :i*1 = ?is purpose1 %\ld always be kept 9 /ore till ,febru>y2 attract$ by ! bait x falls into ! sn>e4 ,x appe>s to be fright5$ at no?+1 = x flies into nets & traps1 ?\gh x sees its companions caught & hang+1 & utt]+ cries ( di/ress & fe>4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,no?+ b its beauty & sc>city c r5d] ! possession ( x desirable2 = x is a /upid1 lazy bird4 ,dur+ ! t5 or twelve ye>s t x c exi/ 9 conf9em5t1 & on v meagre food1 x does no?+ b eat & repose = dige/ion4 ,if hung] induces x to move1 its /ep is awkw>d1 & its jumps s clumsy z to be disagreeable to ! eye4 ,its song consi/s only ( weak & unc]ta9 :i/l+1 a little resembl+ ! ?ru%1 b n s l\d4 ,:ile s++1 x moves ! cre/ up & d[n1 b h>dly moves ! ?roat4 ,if ?is w>bl+ is some:at unmusical1 x has ! m]it ( cont9u+ ?r\gh\t e season ( ! ye>4 ,:5 ! ,bohemian *att]] is angry1 :i* happ5s sometimes ne> ! common fe$+-tr\gh1 x knocks v viol5tly ) its beak4 ,x is easily tam$1 b is agreeable only by its beautiful col\rs1 = x is v dirty4 ,x is ! greate/ eat] among birds t ,i "k1 be+ able to dev\r 9 a day a quantity ( food equal to its own weight4 ,x consequ5tly passes h>dly half dige/$1 &1 :at is v disgu/+1 x is se51 l ! o/ri*1 to eat aga9 ?is excrem5t1 if x is de/itute ( fre% food4 ,i h obs]v$ x 9 ?is way swall[ ?ree times junip] b]ries :i* ,i _h giv5 x4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is voraci\sness x mu/ be clean$ v (t5 to be kept sweet4 ,,! ,,dipp]4 ,illu/ration ,c9clus aquaticus1 ,,be*/e92 ,le ,m]le d',eau1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,wass]s*wtz]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird resembles ! />l+ 9 size1 b ! head is m po9t$1 & ! body1 9 g5]al1 l>g]1 :ile ! w+s & tail are %ort]1 ! tail be+ only "o in* & a qu>t] long1 & ! ends ( ! w+s cov] a f\r? "p ( x2 ! beak is ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* long1 n>r[1 flatti% at ! sides1 rais$ 9 ! middle1 %>p & black2 ! n>r[ no/rils are almo/ entirely clos$ by a membrane2 ! iris is light br[n2 ! %anks are an in* high1 & ( a d>k br[n1 & h ! f\r toes unit$ toge!r2 ! head & upp] "p ( ! neck are ( a dusky ru/ br[n2 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is black1 ) an a%y gray t9t2 ! quill-fea!rs & tail are blacki%2 ! neck to half-way d[n ! brea/ is pure :ite2 ! re/ ( ! brea/ is deep m>oon1 :i* %ades into ! black ( ! belly4 ,9 ! female ! head & upp] "p ( ! neck are light]1 & ! :ite ( ! brea/ is n s pure z 9 ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x frequ5ts by pref]5ce ! banks ( riv]s & /reams 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries1 & rema9s all ! ye> ne> ^? ^: wat]s fl[ f spr+s :i* nev] freeze4 ,9 conf9em5t x has a cage l ! ?ru%1 unless x is by pref]5ce all[$ to run ab\t ! room4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s ^u aquatic insects1 worms1 & ev5 small fi%1 :i* x is said to seize by div+4 ,9 conf9em5t x becomes ins5sibly accu/om$ to "o ( ! univ]sal pa/es1 by at fir/ giv+ x worms1 & ! eggs ( ants & flies4 ,,bre$+4--,! female lays f f\r to six eggs 9 a r l>ge ne/1 :i* %e places 9 a crack ( ! rocks at ! edge ( ! wat]1 or 9 dikes "u mill-dams1 ! wood5 gutt]s ( mills1 or betwe5 ! w+s ( old wat]-:eels :i* are n 9 use4 ,! "y may be re>$ on meal-worms1 ants' eggs1 & :ite bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,x is j z well n to take !m till !y are ready to fly4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,ea* pair has a *os5 spot1 :i* x seldom leaves3 & !y are g5]ally se5 !re ei!r on a tr\gh1 a /one1 dike1 or a bu% gr[+ ne>2 by fix+ close to ^! places lim$ twigs1 to :i* are fa/5$ worms1 :i* wri! ab\t & attract att5tion1 x is v easy to cat* !m4 ,z soon z "o ( ^! birds is caught & cag$1 he mu/ be put 9 a quiet place1 be f$ ) e>? & meal-worms1 & ?us be gradually accu/om$ to ! common food4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ( ! dipp] is n disagreeable2 he has1 inde$1 "s v sonor\s /ra9s1 :i* 9 ! di/ance & dur+ w9t] h a v good effect4 ,he also s+s 9 ! night4 ,,! ,,missel ,,?ru%4 ,turdus viscivorus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,dra9e1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,mi/eldrossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ! l>ge/ ( our ?ru%es1 be+ 9 l5g? elev5 in*es1 ?ree & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is "o in* 9 l5g?1 %>p1 d>k br[n1 ) ! l[] base & op5+ yell[2 ! iris is br[n2 ! %anks an in* high1 & ( a pale dusky yell[4 ,all ! upp] "p ( ! body is a br[ni% gray1 ) a r$di% t9t on ! l[] "p ( ! back & rump2 ! sides ( ! head & ! re/ ( ! "u "p ( ! body are ( a pale yell[1 ) blacki% triangul> spots on ! brea/1 & oval spots 9 all o!r p>ts4 ,! female is g5]ally light] 9 all ! col\rs4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ! missel ?ru% is f\nd all ov] ,europe1 b m 9 ! nor? ?an ! s\?4 ,x lives 9 =e/s1 especially ^? ( ! m\nta9s1 & pref]s ^? ( fir to oak & bee*4 ,9 ,?ur+ia x is a bird ( passage1 disappe>+ 9 ,decemb] & return+ 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 provid$ ! wea!r is f9e#fe4 ,9 conf9em5t x is common to assign x a grat$ corn] ( ! room unless a cage is pref]r$1 :i* mu/ be at lea/ ?ree feet & a half long1 & ne>ly z _m high1 a size necess>y = x to take ! ex]cise suit$ to its vivacity & petulance1 )\t injur+ its fea!rs4 ,x w\ld be /ill bett] if x c\ld be all[$1 z o!r birds ( its size1 an avi>y or room to itself1 :]e its copi\s excrem5ts w\ld be less tr\blesome4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on insects & e>?-worms1 :i* x f9ds 9 abundance 9 fields & swamps dur+ ! spr+ & summ]2 9 autumn & w9t] b]ries ( all sorts make a great addition4 ,9 conf9em5t x is n da9ty4 ,! two univ]sal pa/es are v well lik$1 b x w put up ) pla9 oatmeal1 or ev5 bran moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,x is ?us t our bird-fanci]s fe$ x ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 z well z _m o!r l>ge birds caught 9 traps1 :i* !y are oblig$ to keep z a lure = ! sn>e4 ,x is true1 t if ?is meagre diet is suffici5t to keep x alive1 x w h>dly s]ve to enliv5 x & make x s+2 = ?is purpose x mu/ be bett] f$1 ) bread & milk1 meat1 & o!r di%es s]v$ at table1 none ( :i* x refuses2 & x mu/ also be all[$ to ba!1 s9ce no?+ does x m good1 or enliv5s x s mu*4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/1 :i* x places high] or l[] 9 ! trees ( ! =e/1 is =m$ at bottom ( h]b-/alks & li*5s1 9 ! middle ( e>?1 & 9 ! int]ior ( mosses1 f9e roots & hay3 x lays twice a ye>1 g5]ally ea* "t f\r gre5i% :ite eggs1 a little speckl$ ) violet & m>oon4 ,! "y birds are gray above & v mu* spott$ "u1 ) a wide edge ( ru/y yell[ on ! w+ fea!rs4 ,mu* less docile & susceptible ( in/ruction ?an ! blackbird1 !y h>dly rememb] any little ?+ :i* !y he> cont9ually1 b !y become s famili> z to s+ )\t difficulty on ! h&4 ,!y are f$ ) :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,diseases4--,! commone/ disord]s ( ?is bird1 are an ob/ruction ( ! rump gl&1 con/ipation1 & atrophy#ff4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds are tak5 9 autumn ) nets & sn>es1 ) b]ries = ! bait1 & !y are caught 9 great numb]s4 ,!y may also be tak5 9 ,febru>y1 by plac+ "u ! trees on :i* ! mi/leto gr[s1 p]*es ) lim$ twigs4 ,!y may also be caught 9 ! wat]-traps at sunset4 ,^? :i* are yell[i% "u ! body1 be+ males1 are *os5 = conf9em5t4 ,dur+ ! fir/ days ( captivity1 !y are savage1 sulky1 & (t5 refuse to eat1 s t _m p]i% 9 ?is way2 ^? :i* are sav$ soon repay ! tr\ble by _! songs & famili>ity4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,p]*$ on ! top ( a tree 9 ! woods1 ! missel ?ru% beg9s1 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y1 to utt] 8 melan*oly b musical w>bl+s1 consi/+ ( five or six brok5 /ra9s1 & cont9ues s++ = f\r or five mon?s4 ,z 8 song is too l\d = ! sitt+-room1 ?is bird %\ld be plac$ 9 a l>ge hall1 or 8 cage %\ld be hung outside a w9d[4 ,he lives 9 captivity f t5 to twelve ye>s4 ,8 call v mu* resembles iis1 r1 r1 r4 ,,! ,,song ,,?ru%4 ,illu/ration ,turdus musicus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,grive1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,s+drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,we might1 ) ,brisson1 "n ?is bird ! small missel ?ru%1 s mu* does x resemble ! prec$+ 9 =m1 plumage1 abode1 mann]s1 & gait4 ,its l5g? is only eight in*es & a half1 ?ree & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is ?ree qu>t]s ( an in*1 horn br[n1 ! "u "p yell[i% at ! base & yell[ )92 ! iris is nut br[n2 ! %anks are an in* high1 & ( a d+y lead-col\r4 ,all ! upp] "p ( ! body is olive br[n2 ! ?roat is yell[i% :ite1 ) a black l9e on ea* side2 ! sides ( ! neck & brea/ are ( a pale r$di% :ite1 v>iegat$ ) d>k br[n spots1 %ap$ lik$ a he>t rev]s$2 ! belly is :ite1 & cov]$ ) m oval spots4 ,9 ! female ! two black l9es on ! ?roat are n>r[]1 ! brea/ is light]1 & ( a pla9 yell[i% :ite1 & ! r$di% spots on ! w+-cov]ts are small]4 ,^! slight diff]5ces make x desirable = ^? ^: eye is n accu/om$ to !m1 to h bo? sexes be=e !m1 if !y wi% to le>n to di/+ui% !m4 ,! :ite v>iety1 t ) a :ite head1 ! /reak$1 & ! a%-col\r$1 are n v r>e4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ?is species is spread all ov] ,europe1 frequ5t+ woods ne> /reams & mead[s4 ,z soon z ! autumnal fogs appe>1 !y collect 9 l>ge flights to seek a w>m] climate#fg4 ,! pr9cipal "t ( passage is f ! #ae? ( ,septemb] to ! #ae? ( ,octob]1 & ( return ab\t ! middle or end ( ,m>*2 ea* pair !n returns to its own di/rict1 & ! male w>bles 8 hymn to spr+ f ! same tree :]e he _h sung x ! prec$+ ye>4 ,9 conf9em5t ?is bird is lodg$ l ! missel ?ru%1 & is mu* m wor?y ( be+ kept1 z its voice is m beautiful1 its song is m v>i$1 & be+ small] x makes less dirt4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x lives on insects & b]ries1 l ! prec$+4 ,9 conf9em5t1 oatmeal moi/5$ ) milk is a v good food2 & x requires also a great deal ( fre% wat]1 z well = ba?+ z dr9k+4 ,:5 tak5 old x is (t5 v difficult to induce ^! birds to eat1 & ! great] numb] die 9 consequ5ce4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species g5]ally builds on ! l[] bran*es ( trees2 ! ne/ be+ pretty l>ge1 & =m$ ( moss mix$ ) e>? or c[-dung4 ,! h5 lays twice a ye>1 f ?ree to six gre5 eggs1 speckl$ ) l>ge & small d>k br[n spots4 ,! fir/ brood is ready to fly by ! end ( ,april4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body 9 ! "y ones is speckl$ ) :ite4 ,by tak+ !m f ! ne/ :5 half-gr[n !y may be easily re>$ on :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk2 & !y are easily taught to p]=m airs4 ,z ?is ?ru% builds by pref]5ce 9 ! neighb\rhood ( wat]1 ! ne/ may be easily f\nd by seek+ x 9 ! woods beside a /ream1 & ne> x ! male w be he>d s++4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is ! same z = ! prec$+ species & ! ?ree :i* foll[2 ( all ! birds = :i* sn>es are laid1 ^? = ! ?ru% are mo/ successful4 ,a p]* ) a lim$ twig is ! be/ me?od = cat*+ a f9e-ton$ male4 ,9 ,septemb] & ,octob] ^! birds may also be caught 9 ! wat] traps1 :]e !y repair at sunrise & sunset1 & sometimes s late t !y _c be se51 & ! e> is ! only guide4 ,:5 !y ent] ! wat] ha/e mu/ be avoid$1 because !y l to ba! 9 company1 & assemble sometimes to ! numb] ( t5 or twelve at once1 by means ( a p>ticul> call4 ,! fir/ :i* f9ds a conv5i5t /ream1 & wi%es to g to x1 cries 9 a tone ( surprise or joy1 sik1 sik1 sik1 siki1 tsac1 tsac1 tsac2 imm$iately all 9 ! neighb\rhood reply toge!r1 & repair to ! place3 !y ent] ! ba? h[ev] ) mu* circumspection1 & seldom v5ture till !y h se5 a r$-brea/ ba! )\t dang]2 b ! fir/ :i* v5tures is soon foll[$ by ! o!rs1 :i* beg9 to qu>rel if ! place is n l>ge en\gh = all ! ba!rs4 ,9 ord] to attract !m1 x is a good plan to h a tame bird runn+ & flutt]+ on ! banks ( ! /ream4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ?ru% is ! great *>m ( our woods1 :i* x enliv5s by ! beauty ( its song4 ,! rival ( ! night+ale1 x ann\nces 9 v>i$ acc5ts ! return ( spr+1 & cont9ues its delightful notes dur+ all ! summ] mon?s1 p>ticul>ly at morn+ & ev5+ twilight4 ,x is to procure ?is gratification 9 8 dwell+ t ! bird-fanci] re>s x1 & deprives x ( its lib]ty2 & he ?us enjoys ! pleasures ( ! woods 9 ! mid/ ( ! city4 ,) c>e & prop]ly v>i$ food x may be pres]v$ 9 captivity five or six ye>s4 ,,! ,,fieldf>e4 ,illu/ration ,turdus pil>is1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,litorne1 ou ,la ,t\rdelle1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,wa*hold]drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is 9 size betwe5 ! two prec$+1 its l5g? be+ t5 in*es1 ( :i* ! tail occupies f\r4 ,! beak is an in* long1 blacki% at ! po9t1 o!rwise yell[1 z well z ! op5+ ( ! ?roat & ! tongue4 ,! iris is d>k br[n4 ,! %anks1 an in* & a qu>t] high1 are deep br[n2 ! top ( ! head & neck1 ! *eeks1 ! bottom ( ! back1 & ! rump1 are a% gray1 ) "s blacki% spots at ! top ( ! head2 a :ite l9e passes above ! eyes2 ! back is ru/ br[n2 ! ?roat & half ! brea/ are ru/y yell[1 /rew$ ) black he>t-%ap$ spots2 ! re/ ( ! "u "p ( ! body is :ite1 ) blacki% he>t-%ap$ spots on ! sides1 & long] ones t[>ds ! v5t & tail4 ,9 ! female ! upp] "p ( ! beak is br[n]1 ! head & rump ( a pal] gray1 ! ?roat :iti%1 ! back d+y ru/ col\r1 & ! feet deep br[n4 ,( ?is species !re are _m v>ieties1 ! :ite1 ! spott$1 ! :ite head$1 & ! l4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ?is species spreads n only all ov] ,europe1 b also ov] ,syria & ,sib]ia4 ,9 ! summ] x rema9s 9 ! nor!rn regions1 :]e x builds 9 p9e =e/s4 ,x arrives 9 ,g]many & ,engl& 9 prodigi\s flights 9 ,novemb]1 & passes ! w9t] 9 places produc+ ! junip]2 its return nor?w>d takes place 9 ! fir/ f9e days ( spr+4 ,9 conf9em5t x is treat$ l ! missel ?ru%1 b x is g5]ally only kept z a decoy bird4 ,heat be+ injuri\s1 x is kept z f> z possible f ! /ove4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s l ! two prec$+ species4 ,9 conf9em5t x is f$ 9 ! same way2 raw c>rots grat$ ) bread is add$1 :i* ! o!rs l also4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! same z 9 ! two prec$+ species4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its song is a m]e h>% disagreeable w>ble4 ,i %\ld n h introduc$ x among cage birds if ! lov]s ( bird-cat*+ did n 9 w9t] require its call :5 pursu+ its species4 ,,! ,,r$w+4 ,illu/ration ,turdus iliacus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,mauvis1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,ro?drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is small] ?an ! song ?ru%1 & has mu* resemblance to ! fieldf>e4 ,its l5g? is eight in*es1 ( :i* ! tail occupies ?ree & a qu>t]4 ,! beak is ne>ly an in* long1 blacki%1 & yell[ only at ! base & angles ( ! l[] m&ible2 ! iris is nut-br[n4 ,! %anks are an in* high1 & light gray2 ! feet are yell[2 ! head1 ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 ! back1 ! rump1 & ! small cov]ts ( ! w+s1 are olive br[n4 ,! plumage is m brilliant ?an t ( o!r ?ru%es1 & ! orange-hue "u ! w+s1 :i* has procur$ x ! "n ( ! r$w+ ?ru%1 w always suffici5tly di/+ui% ?is f ^? ( ! same g5us4 ,! female is altoge!r light] col\r$4 ,! l9e ( ! eyes is almo/ :ite2 ! spots on ! sides ( ! neck light yell[2 ! "u "p ( ! body is :ite1 ! neck alone appe>+ yell[i%2 ! spots on ! brea/ are grayi% br[n1 & !re are none ab\t ! v5t4 ,?is species also has its v>ieties1 z :ite1 /reak$1 & ! l4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x inhabits ! nor? ( ,europe2 x goes to ! s\? only t[>ds ! end ( ,octob]1 & returns at ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,9 conf9em5t ! r$w+ is treat$ l ! prec$+2 b x is n mu* valu$1 z its song is 9 no respect agreeable4 ,x always requires fre% wat] & b little w>m?4 ,,food1 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+1 ,,diseases4--,! same z 9 ! prec$+ species4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ( ! male is z unmelodi\s z t ( ! fieldf>e4 ,^! birds make a great noise :5 !y are collect$ 9 l>ge flights ^u ! ald]s1 9 ,m>* & ,april1 b _! w>bl+ h>dly des]ves ! "n ( song4 ,i h kn[n b "o :i* succe$$ 9 imitat+1 ?\gh v indiff]5tly1 ! notes ( ! song ?ru% & "s l\d tones ( ! night+ale4 ,x is n !re=e _! song :i* w ga9 ^! birds a place 9 ! h\se2 b !y may please by _! famili>ity1 _! pati5ce1 _! easy motions1 & ! read9ess ) :i* !y obey ord]s4 ,bird cat*]s keep !m pr9cipally z decoy birds4 ,!y are good eat+4 ,,! ,,rose ,,ouzel4 ,turdus roseus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,m]le ,c\leur de ,rose1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,ros5f>big$rossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is a bird :i* f its beauty c]ta9ly m]its a place 9 ?is "w4 ,its l5g? is ne>ly eight in*es1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree1 & ! beak "o4 ,?is latt] is black1 sometimes lead-col\r$1 f ! base to ! middle1 & fle% or rose-col\r$ f ! middle to ! po9t2 ! iris is :iti%2 ! %anks are f\rte5 l9es high1 light] or d>k] fle%-col\r$2 ! claws are blacki%4 ,! head1 neck1 & ?roat1 are black1 ) ! tips ( ! fea!rs :ite1 v mu* l ! />l+1 & *angeable into gre51 blue1 & purple2 ! fea!rs at ! top ( ! head are long & n>r[1 & rise elegantly into a cre/2 ! back1 ! rump1 ! %\ld]s1 ! brea/1 ! belly1 & ! sides1 are ( a bright] or pal] rose-col\r1 accord+ to ! age & season4 ,! female diff]s f ! male only 9 be+ less highly & brilliantly col\r$4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ^! birds are to be met ) 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia4 ,! inhabitants ( ,aleppo & ! neighb\rhood see ) pleasure ! arrival ( l>ge flights ( !m1 9 ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/1 to extirpate ! cl\ds ( locu/s :i* !n ravage ! c\ntry4 ,great numb]s are also se5 9 spr+ on ! banks ( ! ,don & ,irti%1 :]e !y build & f9d abundance ( food2 also on ! %ores ( ! ,caspian & ! banks ( ! ,wolga4 ,9 ,europe !y appe> 9 ,sw$5 z f> z ,lapl&1 9 ,engl&1 9 ,g]many1 9 ,switz]l&1 & ,france3 r>e inde$ 9 all ^! c\ntries1 b lea/ s 9 ,italy4 ,9 conf9em5t ?is bird is kept 9 a cage ( ! same size z ! blackbird's4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ?is bird appe>s to subsi/ entirely on insects4 ,9 conf9em5t x w\ld d\btless ?rive v well on ! food :i* is giv5 to ! blackbird1 :i* w be m5tion$ h]eaft]4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to /udy x a little1 & f9d out :at suits x be/4 ,,bre$+4--,x builds among rocks2 b its ne/ has n yet be5 discov]$ 9 ,europe1 ?\gh "s circum/ances indicate t x propagates !re4 ,9 #aghd1 9 ! du*y ( ,alt5burg1 ?ree "y ones 7 kill$1 b j out ( ! ne/1 & :i* consequ5tly c\ld n h come f f>4 ,?is fact %\ld excite ! att5tion & vigilance ( zeal\s obs]v]s4 ,,modes ,,( ,,tak+4--,skilful bird-cat*]s w soon discov] ! means ( cat*+ ! bird3 sn>es & lim$ twigs1 ) gras%opp]s & o!r liv+ & mov+ insects = bait1 w probably accompli% ?is end4 ,x w\ld be haz>d\s to %oot ! birds 9 ! hope ( w\nd+ !m b slightly1 z is sometimes done ) o!r birds1 :i* soon recov]1 & rema9 tame1 if1 dur+ _! recov]y1 !y h be5 well treat$4 ,,obs]vations4--,a sportsman discov]$1 9 #agid1 9 ! environs ( ,me9+51 9 ,suabia1 a flight ( eight or t5 rose ouzels1 mov+ leisurely f s\?-we/ to nor?-ea/1 & pass+ f "o *]ry-tree to ano!r4 ,he fir$ on ^! birds1 only "o fell1 :i* 0 =tunately v slightly w\nd$1 s t x soon q recov]$4 ,be+ imm$iately c>ri$ to ,m4 ,von ,wa*t]1 ! rector ( ,frick5haus51 ?is cl]gyman took ! greate/ c>e ( x2 he gave x a spaci\s cage1 & f\nd t b>ley-meal moi/5$ ) milk 0 z :olesome z agreeable to x4 ,8 k9dness tam$ x 9 a %ort "t s f> t x w\ld come & take f 8 h& ! insects :i* he (f]$ to x4 ,x soon sang also1 b its w>bl+ consi/$ at fir/ ( b a few h>% s\nds1 pretty well connect$ h[ev]1 & ?is became at l5g? m cle> & smoo?4 ,connoisseurs 9 ! songs ( birds discov] 9 ?is song a mixture ( _m o!rs2 "o ( ^! connoisseurs1 :o _h n discov]$ ! bird1 b he>d its voice1 ?\ght he 0 li/5+ to a conc]t ( two />l+s1 two goldf9*es1 & p]haps a sisk92 & :5 he saw t x 0 a s+le bird1 he c\ld n conceive h[ all ?is music proce$$ f ! same ?roat4 ,?is bird 0 /ill alive 9 #ahjb1 & ! delight ( its possessor4 ,,! ,,blackbird4 ,turdus m]ula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,m]le1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,s*w>zdrossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 ! mo/ docile ( its g5us1 is n9e in*es & a half long1 f\r ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is an in* long1 & orange yell[2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! %anks are an in* high1 & black4 ,! :ole plumage is ( a pure velvety black2 ! eyelids alone are orange4 ,! female is ( a br[ni% black1 ) ! brea/ ( a r$di% hue1 & ! belly grayi%2 ! ?roat is spott$ ) d>k & light br[n4 ,x is also r l>g] ?an ! male1 :i* has l$ "s p]sons :o 7 n well acqua9t$ ) x to make ano!r species ( x4 ,! :ite v>iety is v well kn[n2 !re is besides ! /reak$1 ! black ) a :ite head1 & ! pe>l gray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cato',s ,,blackbird',s ,,cage ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ! blackbird is f\nd all ov] ! old _w1 z well z 9 ,g]many2 x is ! only species ( its g5us :i* does n migrate !nce4 ,9 conf9em5t x is kept 9 a l>ge cage2 x is bett] to keep x sep>ate because1 :e!r f spite or jeal\sy1 x is (t5 incl9$1 l ! tits1 to pursue & kill its little companions ( ! avi>y or room4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ! blackbird eats b]ries1 &1 9 w9t]1 :5 insects are sc>ce1 he seeks !m ne> w>m spr+s4 ,9 conf9em5t he is satisfi$ ) ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e1 b he also eats bread1 meat1 & any?+ :i* comes to table1 su* z a bit ( apple4 ,m delicate ?an ! song ?ru%1 he w\ld n dige/ m]e bran & wat]4 ,he delights 9 ba?+ (t51 & %\ld !re=e be furni%$ ) ! means = s do+4 ,,bre$+4--,z ! blackbird does n travel he pairs e>ly 9 ! spr+1 & ! fir/ "y are hat*$ by ! end ( ,m>*4 ,! ne/1 plac$ 9 a ?ick bu%1 or 9 a heap ( b\ghs1 is =m$ on ! outside ( /alks1 !n ( moss & mud & l9$ 9 ! inside ) f9e hay1 hair1 & wool4 ,! female lays ?ree times a ye>1 f f\r to six eggs1 ( a gre5i% gray1 spott$ & /reak$ ) light br[n2 :5 ! "y are hat*$ ! males are always d>k] ?an ! females1 !re=e bird-cat*]s c nev] be mi/ak5 :5 !y take ! =m] & leave ! latt]4 ,!y are easily re>$ on :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk1 a little raw beef1 & worms dipp$ 9 wat]4 ,x is bett] to take !m f ! ne/ :5 ! quills ( ! fea!rs are j beg9n+ to develop1 because1 hav+ !n no idea ( _! natural song1 !y w reta9 m p]fectly & di/9ctly ! airs :i* may be taught !m4 ,,diseases4--,an ob/ruction 9 ! rump gl& is _! mo/ common disord]1 & mu/ be treat$ 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ! ,introduction4 ,x w\ld d\btless be prev5t$ by nev] omitt+ to furni% ! means ( ba?+4 ,) c>e1 & a prop] v>iety ( food1 ?is bird w live 9 conf9em5t t5 or twelve ye>s4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,cat*+4--,timid & di/ru/ful1 ! blackbird seldom ent]s ! area or b>n-floor trap1 b x is easily caught 9 ! w9t] ) a noose or spr+e1 by us+ s]vice b]ries = a bait4 ,x sometimes falls into ! l>ge traps set = tits1 :5 ! b]ries are spread ov] ! bottom2 lim$ twigs put ) ! b]ries 9 a place cle>$ f ! sn[1 w cat* _m also2 x also goes to ! wat]-trap1 b g5]ally at night-fall4 ,its call is tsizirr1 tak1 tak4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! natural song ( ! blackbird is n de/itute ( melody2 b x is brok5 by noisy tones1 & is agreeable only 9 ! op5 c\ntry4 ,:5 wild x s+s only f ,m>* to ,july2 b :5 cag$1 dur+ ! :ole ye>1 except :5 m\lt+4 ,its voice is s /rong & cle>1 t 9 a city x may be he>d f "o end ( a long /reet to ! o!r4 ,its memory is s good1 t x reta9s1 )\t mix+ !m1 sev]al airs at once1 & x w ev5 repeat little s5t5ces4 ,x is a great fav\rite ) ! lov]s ( a pla9tive1 cle>1 & musical song1 & may1 9 ^! respects1 be pref]r$ to ! bullf9*1 ^: voice is s(t]1 m flute-l1 b also m melan*oly4 ,! price ( ^! two birds1 if well taught1 is ab\t ! same4 ,,! ,,r+ ,,blackbird4 ,turdus torquatus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,m]le ,pla/ron blanc1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,r+drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is l>g] ?an ! common blackbird1 be+ 9 l5g? t5 in*es & a half1 f\r ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is an in* long1 rav5 gray1 yell[i% :ite at ! base ( ! l[] m&ible1 & yell[ at ! angles z well z inside3 ! iris is *e/nut br[n2 ! %anks d>k br[n1 & f\rte5 l9es high2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is black2 & x is ! pr9cipal col\r ( ! "u "p also2 b ! fea!rs ( ! belly & ! cov]ts ( ! w+s are edg$ ) :ite2 ! quill-fea!rs1 & ! outside fea!rs ( ! tail are grayi% :ite2 a :ite spot1 t+$ ) r$1 & ! size ( ! f+]1 plac$ transv]sely on ! brea/1 s]ves to *>act]ize ! species1 & gives x its "n4 ,! female is ( a br[ni% black2 ! transv]se b& on ! brea/ is n>r[]1 & ( a r$di% a%-col\r1 %ad$ ) br[n4 ,^? individuals :i* comb9e ! br[n col\r ( ! female ) ! pectoral b&1 l>ge1 & ( a r$di% :ite1 are "y males2 ! o!rs1 9 :i* x is sc>cely disc]nible1 are "y females4 ,,obs]vations4--,?\gh ! r+ blackbird trav]ses ! :ole ( ,europe1 x builds only 9 ! nor?#fh4 ,x arrives 9 ,g]many & ,engl& on ! foggy days ( ! end ( ,octob] & beg9n+ ( ,novemb]4 ,x moves always 9 small flights1 /opp+ g5]ally 9 spots cov]$ ) bri]s & junip] bu%es1 :]e x may be caught ) a noose4 ,its food1 :5 free & 9 conf9em5t1 is ! same z t ( ! common blackbird1 ) :i* x has ! mo/ /rik+ resemblance 9 its gait1 ! motion ( its w+s & tail1 & its call1 tak4 ,its voice1 ?\gh ho>s] & deep]1 is nev]!less m h>moni\s & agreeable4 ,x is s weak t a r$-brea/ may ov]p[] x4 ,x cont9ues s++ at all times1 except :5 m\lt+4 ,x w live 9 conf9em5t f six to t5 ye>s4 ,,! ,,rock ,,?ru%4 ,turdus saxatilis1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,m]le de ,ro*e1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,/e9drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is r>e & /rik+ bird is unkn[n 9 _m p>ts ( ,g]many#fi4 ,?\gh its pr9cipal *>act]i/ics place x 9 ! g5us ( ! blackbird1 x has m resemblance to ! />l+1 bo? 9 its mann]s & gait1 :i* are v>i$ & agreeable4 ,its l5g? is sev5 in*es & a half1 two & ?ree qu>t]s ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak1 an in* long1 & ! %anks1 an in* & a qu>t] high1 are black4 ,! head & neck are grayi% blue1 or a% blue1 light] 9 ! old1 & d>k] 9 ! "y birds2 ! top ( ! back is d>k br[n1 (t5 v>y+ to a light] br[n1 ! middle a f9e :ite2 ! rump1 ( a d>k br[n1 has ! fea!rs tipp$ ) :ite2 ! brea/ is d>k orange1 ! belly ! same2 b1 accord+ to ! season1 m or less spott$ & undulat$ ) :ite4 ,! female is d>k br[n on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 ) edges ( :iti% gray to ! fea!rs2 ^? ( ! rump are ru/-col\r1 ) ! same gray edge2 ! *9 is :ite2 ! ?roat br[n2 ! "u "p ( ! neck1 & ! :ole "u "p ( ! body1 ( a dirty orange1 ) wav+ l9es ( br[n & :ite2 ! tail is pal] ?an t ( ! male1 & ! feet are d>k br[n4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is f\nd 9 ! s\? ( ,europe & ,g]many1 9 ,au/ria1 & ! ,tyrol4 ,9 ,france1 9 ,bugey1 & m to ! s\?2 & especially 9 ! ,alps & ,pyr5ees1 frequ5t+ rocks or old ru9$ ca/les4 ,9 its migrations x visits b>e rocky m\nta9s1 se>*+ = insects :i* take refuge among ! /ones4 ,its dep>ture is 9 ,septemb] & its return 9 ,m>*4 ,9 conf9em5t x is furni%$ ) a cage l>g] ?an t ( ! night+ale4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x appe>s to live entirely on insects4 ,9 conf9em5t x is f$ l ! night+ale2 b ) e c>e x _c long be pres]v$4 ,,bre$+4--,! female builds h] ne/ 9 an almo/ inaccessible crevice ( ! rocks1 & lays five eggs4 ,z ! "y are v susceptible ( in/ruction1 !y are readily br\ght up :5 !y c be obta9$#gj2 !y are f$ & treat$ l "y night+ales4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,x is by fix+ to ! spots !y frequ5t pl5ty ( lim$ twigs1 ) meal-worms atta*$ to !m2 x is said t 9 ! ,alps & ,pyr5ees !y are caught ) a bird-call4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,x is consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ agreeable s+]s2 & if caught "y x soon acquires ! songs ( ! o!r birds ( ! *amb]1 le>ns to :i/le tunes1 & ev51 l ! />l+1 to repeat words4 ,x beg9s to s+1 says ,buffon1 a little be=e dawn1 :i* x ann\nces by noisy s\nds4 ,if its cage is approa*$ dur+ ! night ) a c&le1 x beg9s to s+2 & :51 dur+ ! day1 x does n s+1 x appe>s to be practis+ 9 an "u tone1 & prep>+ new songs4 ,,! ,,solit>y ,,?ru%4 ,turdus solit>ius1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,m]le solitaire1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,e9same ,drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is eight in*es & a half long1 ?ree ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is an in* & a qu>t] long1 r crook$ at ! po9t1 d>k br[n )\t1 & yell[i% )92 ! iris is orange4 ,! feet are ?irte5 l9es high1 & br[n4 ,! :ole plumage is br[n /udd$ ) little :ite spots1 ) a fa9t t9t ( blue on ! sides ( ! head1 ! ?roat1 "u ! body1 on ! brea/ & cov]ts ( ! w+s2 ! rump is br[n )\t spots1 & ! tail blacki%4 ,! female diff]s f ! male 9 hav+ ! little spots ( a dirty yell[1 & m num]\s on ! brea/ ?an else:]e1 & 9 be+ de/itute ( ! blue t9t2 & f9ally1 9 hav+ ! p5-fea!rs & ! tail-fea!rs simply br[n4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x seldom quits ! m\nta9s 9 ! s\? ( ,europe2 9 spr+1 h[ev]1 x advances z f> z ,burgundy1 & returns 9 ! end ( ,augu/2 x arrives1 9 ! mon? ( ,april1 at ! spot :]e x g5]ally passes ! summ]1 & returns con/antly e ye> to ! place :]e x fir/ took up its abode4 ,two pairs are seldom f\nd 9 ! same di/rict4 ,except 9 ! pair+ season x is a solit>y bird4 ,9 conf9em5t x is furni%$ ) a cage l t ( ! blackbird4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on insects1 b]ries1 & grapes4 ,9 conf9em5t x is treat$ l ! song ?ru%1 add+ ants' eggs & meal-worms4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/1 made ( blades ( grass & fea!rs1 is g5]ally plac$ at ! top ( a solit>y *imney1 or on ! summit ( an old ca/le1 or on ! top ( a l>ge tree1 g5]ally ne> a /eeple or high t[]4 ,! female lays five or six eggs4 ,! "y ones1 if tak5 f ! ne/ soon en\gh1 are capable ( in/ruction2 ! flexibility ( ! ?roat fitt+ x ei!r = tunes or words4 ,!y s+ also by c&le-light 9 ! night4 ,if treat$ ) c>e !y live 9 conf9em5t eight or t5 ye>s4 ,f ! summit ( a high t[] or /eeple ! male utt]s = :ole days ! mo/ beautiful & pa!tic song1 accompany+ x by flapp+ 8 w+s1 mov+ 8 tail1 & elevat+ ! fea!rs ( 8 head4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,8 beautiful voice is 9 great repute 9 all ! c\ntries he inhabits2 x is1 inde$1 v sweet & flute-l2 8 song1 ?\gh musical1 is some:at melan*oly1 z is usual ) solit>y birds2 _m p]sons1 h[ev]1 are v fond ( x4 ,?is bird1 :5 tam$1 fet*es a v high price at ,milan1 ,con/ant9ople1 c4 ,9 "s c\ntries x is s mu* respect$ t x is consid]$ sacrilegi\s to kill x or de/roy its ne/4 ,,! ,,blue ,,?ru%4 ,turdus cyaneus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,m]le bleu1 ,,buffon2 ,die blau ,drossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is r l>g] ?an ! common blackbird1 its l5g? be+ eight in*es1 ?ree ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak1 f\rte5 l9es 9 l5g?1 is blacki%1 ! iris d>k nut br[n1 ! eyelids yell[2 ! %anks1 ?irte5 l9es 9 height1 are blacki%2 ! :ole plumage is ( an a% blue1 b ea* fea!r has ne> its tip a transv]se br[n l9e1 & ! tip itself is :iti%4 ,! individual birds v>y 9 ! dep? ( ! blue1 accord+ to _! age & sex4 ,! female is g5]ally m uni=m 9 col\r ?an ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ! blue ?ru% is f\nd 9 ! ,ar*ipelago1 9 ,dalmatia1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & o!r s\!rn c\ntries1 always among /eep rocks4 ,9 conf9em5t x is provid$ ) a conv5i5t cage1 l ! prec$+4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on all sorts ( insects4 ,9 conf9em5t x is f$ l ! night+ale4 ,,bre$+4--,l ! rock ?ru% x builds among rocks1 on ru9$ or des]t$ t[]s1 & ! l4 ,! "y are re>$ 9 ! same way z ^? ( ! night+ale4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its pretty plumage & f9e voice d n con/itute its only attractions4 ,x is v easily tam$1 & is v capable ( in/ruction1 & amuses mu* by its natural gait & habits1 :i* v mu* resemble ^? ( ! rock ?ru%4 ,,! ,,re$ ,,?ru%4 ,turdus arund9aceus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,r\ss]ole1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,rohrdrossel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird has s mu* resemblance to ! :ite-?roats1 z to cause a hesitation :e!r x %\ld be rang$ ) !m or ) ! ?ru%2 b ! =m ( ! beak & feet1 & g5]ally ! :ole col\r ( ! body1 are 9 fav\r ( ! latt]4 ,! total l5g? is at mo/ eight in*es1 f\r & a qu>t] ( :i* belong to ! tail1 :i* is ( a r\nd$ w$ge-%ape4 ,! beak is t5 l9es 9 l5g?1 & /rong1 flatti%1 br[n at ! po9t1 yell[i% at ! base1 & orange on ! inside2 ! iris is d>k m>oon4 ,! %anks are an in* high1 /rong1 & br[ni% gray1 bl5d+ into fle%-col\r4 ,?is bird is s l ! night+ale1 t if ! tail 7 r$di% x w\ld be mi/ak5 = x4 ,! top ( ! head & neck are d>k gray1 ) a light olive t9t2 a l9e ( dusky yell[ ext5ds above ! eyes f ! no/rils to ! middle2 ! *eeks are br[ni% gray2 ! back & ! cov]ts ( ! w+s r$di% gray1 :i* becomes light]1 & passes at ! rump into pure ru/-col\r4 ,! female diff]s f ! male only 9 be+ small]1 r d>k] on ! upp]1 & light] on ! l[] p>ts ( ! body2 ! :ite ( ! ?roat is less ext5sive1 & ! upp] "p ( ! head is t+$ ) r$4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is f\nd all ov] ,europe1 ) ! exception ( ! mo/ nor!rn p>ts2 x is a /rang] 9 ^? p>ts ( ,g]many only :]e !re are nei!r lakes1 ponds1 nor /agnant riv]s ab\nd+ ) ru%es2 = x is always on _! banks & 9 l>ge swamps t x resides1 & m frequ5tly on ! gr\nd ?an 9 trees#ga4 ,9 conf9em5t x is provid$ ) a night+ale's cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on aquatic insects1 ! enorm\s multitude ( :i* x seems int5d$ to dim9i%4 ,9 ord] to cat* ^! x is cont9ually se5 climb+ ! /ems ( ! ru%es & re$s3 x also eats b]ries4 ,9 conf9em5t1 hi!rto1 no food b t ( ! night+ale has succe$$ ) x1 & t ev5 = only f\r or six mon?s4 ,x is soon attack$ by a disease :i* c>ries (f great numb]s ( :ite-?roats3 ! fea!rs fall+ (f )\t be+ r5ew$1 ! bird decl9es & dies ( atrophy#gb4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ is f\nd fa/5$ ) wool to ! /ems ( ! ru%es1 or ! bran*es ( neighb\r+ bu%es4 ,on ! outside x is =m$ ( moss & /ubble1 firmly mix$1 & l9$ on ! inside ) f9e hay & hair4 ,! eggs1 five or six 9 numb]1 are grayi% :ite1 spott$ ) black4 ,! "y1 be=e ! fir/ m\lt+1 h ! appe>ance ( a :ite-?roat1 ) "s d>k spots on ! brea/4 ,!y are tak5 f ! ne/ & re>$1 l "y night+ales1 on ants' eggs2 & if !y are plac$ ne> ?is w+$ ,orpheus1 !y le>n 8 song s well & s p]fectly t !y become z excell5t p]=m]s z _! ma/]s1 ) ! additional advantage ( possess+ a noise m flute-l & less %rill ?an t ( ! night+ale4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! great difficulty ( cat*+ ?is bird makes x sc>ce 9 our rooms4 ,! only means is to asc]ta9 well ! place x frequ5ts1 !n to scrat* up ! e>? & ?r[ ^u x "s meal-worms1 & cov] ! place ) lim$ twigs4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,) a m beautiful & musical voice1 its song is also m v>i$ ?an t ( ! song-?ru%1 )\t be+ s long1 s su/a9$1 or s brilliant1 z t ( ! night+ale1 ) :i* x mo/ des]ves to be comp>$4 ,"s ( its c\plets resemble ^? ( ! blackcap1 b brok51 l ^? ( ! song-?ru%4 ,:5 cag$ x may be mu* improv$ by imitation ( ! notes ( ! night+ale1 :i* ! "y easily copy4 ,x is p>ticul>ly 9 ! morn+ & ev5+ t ! re$-?ru% utt]s 8 beautiful w>bl+s4 ,n only is 8 ?roat !n 9 motion2 8 w+s1 8 tail1 & 8 :ole body1 are agitat$ z if to foll[ ! cad5ce & ! measure4 ,,! ,,night+ale4 ,illu/ration ,motacilla ,lusc9ia1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,rossignol1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,na*tigall1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird1 ^: plumage is v ord9>y1 is sc>cely five in*es long1 two & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,b1 9 conf9em5t1 :5 x is well f$1 & especially :5 x has be5 br$ f ! ne/1 x is commonly l>g]1 rea*+ sometimes ! size ( a l>k4 ,! /raight beak is sev5 l9es 9 l5g?1 ?91 ) ! two m&ibles ( ne>ly ! same size1 & d>k br[n above1 light gray bel[1 fle%-col\r$ at ! base1 & yell[ )92 ! iris is br[ni% grey4 ,! %anks1 ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* high1 are fle%-col\r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is br[ni% gray1 t9t$ ) ru/-r$1 & 9 v old birds is r$di% a%-col\r$4 ,among individuals 9 conf9em5t1 "s are light]1 o!rs d>k]4 ,:5 plac$ 9 ! w9d[s ( a l>ge well-light$ room1 :i* is n expos$ to smoke1 !y are 9 ! upp] p>ts d>k gray1 or light br[ni% gray1 & ! fea!rs h a r$di% edge2 bel[ !y are :ite1 & grayi% on ! sides4 ,b ^? :i* are %ut up 9 small ill-light$ rooms1 subject to smoke1 soon lose _! col\rs1 ! upp] "p ( ! body becom+ d+y r$1 ! "u "p grayi% :ite1 & ! sides br[ni% gray4 ,^? accu/om$ to birds di/+ui% ! female at a glance4 ,h] %anks are n s high3 %e is n s erect2 h] head is n s long & po9t$1 b r\nd]2 h] neck is %ort]1 & m incl9$ back2 h] eye is small] & less lively2 & h] ?roat is n s :ite4 ,not)/&+ ^! *>act]i/ics1 no o!r ?an an exp]i5c$ p]son c\ld decide ! sex unless he _h !m bo? be=e him4 ,night+ales s /rongly resemble ! female r$/>t1 t ! latt] is (t5 caught & sold = a night+ale1 :ile ! night+ale 9 its turn is kill$ & eat5 = a r$/>t4 ,to avoid mi/akes1 we mu/ obs]ve ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3--,! female r$/>t is always small]1 & h] plumage d>k]3 h] small feet & beak are blacki%2 ! r$ ( h] tail is light]1 & ! two middle fea!rs are blacki%1 or v d>k br[n2 ?is long sl5d] tail is 9 cont9ual motion1 :ile ! night+ale moves 8 only at int]vals1 = example1 :5 he has hopp$ a few /eps1 & he g5]ally c>ries x rais$ high] ?an ! po9t ( 8 w+s4 ,8 /ep & attitude are pr\d]1 & 8 actions seem m delib]ate4 ,:5 he walks1 x is by measur$ regul> hops4 ,aft] a c]ta9 numb] he /ops1 looks at himself1 %akes 8 w+s1 raises 8 tail gracefully1 spreads x a little1 /oops 8 head sev]al times1 raises 8 tail aga91 & proce$s4 ,if any object attracts 8 att5tion1 he b5ds 8 head t[>ds x1 & g5]ally looks at x ) only "o eye4 ,x is true t he jumps ha/ily ^u ! insects :i* con/itute 8 food2 b he does n seize !m s eag]ly z o!r birds2 on ! contr>y1 he /ops %ort1 & seems to delib]ate :e!r x is prud5t to eat !m or n4 ,g5]ally he has a s]i\s circumspect air1 b 8 =esight is n proportion$ to x1 = he falls readily into all ! sn>es :i* are laid = him4 ,if he once escapes1 h[ev]1 he is n s easily caught aga91 & becomes z cunn+ z any o!r bird4 ,! same1 inde$1 may be said ( all birds pursu$ by man4 ,night+ales are call$1 9 my op9ion v unju/ly1 silly & curi\s2 = a great numb] ( new ?+s may be (f]$ !m )\t excit+ ! lea/ att5tion2 b scrat* or dig ! e>?1 & !y approa* directly1 because in/9ct or exp]i5ce tells !m t !y %all !re f9d insects1 :i* !y are v fond (4 ,_m o!r species ( ?is gr\p d ! same ?+2 = in/ance1 ! blackcap & ! r$-brea/1 )\t its hav+ be5 m5tion$4 ,^! birds d n1 h[ev]1 des]ve s mu* ( our att5tion z ! night+ale4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 night+ales are f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 z f> z ! nor? ( ,engl& & ! middle ( ,sw$53 9 all ,asia1 z f> z ! temp]ate regions ( ,sib]ia2 & 9 ,africa on ! banks ( ! ,nile4 ,!y e :]e *oose = _! resid5ce places :i* are %ady1 cool1 b n cold1 su* z woods1 ?ickets1 & ev5 m]e h$ges 9 ! fields4 ,!y d n g beyond ! skirts ( ! =e/s on high *a9s ( m\nta9s1 & nev] /op on elevations :]e ! air is too ke54 ,groves1 ?ick brambles1 tuft$ bu%es ne> fields & mead[s1 are _! fav\rite abodes4 ,!y also l g>d5s plant$ ) untrimm$ elm-h$ges1 :i* are consequ5tly ?ick & bu%y d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,x is n true t !y l wat]y situations1 & if !y frequ5t !m x is n = ! wat]1 b because !y g5]ally produce ?ick tuft$ bu%es4 ,x mu/ also be own$ t _! fav\rite food is m con/antly abundant 9 su* places1 & if ! cold de/roys ! insects else:]e1 pl5ty may always be f\nd 9 !m4 ,x is n h[ev] ! less c]ta9 t ! wat] is n ! attraction1 or all w\ld repair to its vic9ity1 :i* exp]i5ce contradicts4 ,! fact is1 t ea* night+ale g5]ally e/abli%es himself 9 ! place :i* gave him bir?1 :e!r ne> ! wat] or n1 :e!r 9 an or*>d or on a m\nta92 & :5 once he has fix$ on a spot1 he returns to x e ye>1 unless ! place has lo/ its *>m or advantage4 ,if ! wood = in/ance has be5 cut d[n1 or has lo/ ! ?ick %ade1 :i* 0 its *ief m]it1 9 su* circum/ances he seeks 9 ! neighb\rhood ano!r spot m to 8 lik+4 ,b if1 9 a consid]able circuit :]e no *ange has tak5 place1 a night+ale is se5 to e/abli% himself 9 a spot :i* 0 unoccupi$ ! prec$+ ye>1 x may be conclud$ t x is a "y bird :i* 0 born 9 ! vic9ity4 ,conv5i5t places are s mu* valu$1 t if ! possessors die or are caught1 new com]s seize ^u !m imm$iately2 s t ! bird :i* we he> to-day1 is v possibly n ! same :i* sang ye/]day 9 ! same place4 ,_m o!r causes may also concur 9 produc+ ?is *ange ( inhabitants1 :i* an e> well v]s$ 9 ! language ( ^! birds w always discov]4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be ask$ :y1 9 _m places :i* appe> s well adapt$ to attract night+ales1 none are f\nd#gc4 ,i reply t ^! spots may be conceal$ by woods or m\nta9s1 & n lie p]ceiv$ by ! night+ales 9 _! j\rneys1 or !y may be q out ( _! r\te1 = !y h a regul> "o :i* !y nev] quit1 because1 _! progress be+ sl[1 & subject to int]ruptions1 x is requisite t !y %\ld f9d on _! passage e ?+ necess>y = _! subsi/5ce1 & too cold an atmosph]e is pa9ful to !m4 ,x may also happ5 t ! night+ales :i* =m]ly frequ5t$ !m1 may h be5 altoge!r extirpat$2 & z x has be5 said t ! "y always e/abli% !mselves 9 ! di/rict :i* gave !m bir?1 x is by no means surpris+ t !y %\ld n be *os51 at lea/ !re are _m *ances aga9/ x4 ,r ?an wait 9 va9 = ?is *ance1 !re is a means ( re-peopl+ su* places ) ^! *>m+ birds4 ,x is only necess>y to br+ up "s broods ( "y ones1 & n let !m loose 9 ! foll[+ spr+ till aft] ! p]iod ( return is elaps$2 because be+ no long] excit$ by ! in/9ct :i* induces !m to travel1 & ! in/9ct itself be+ subdu$ 9 a great measure by _! imprison$ education1 !y w n w&]1 b w rema9 & propagate1 provid$ !y are n di/urb$1 & w return ! ye> foll[+ ) all _! family4 ,i mu/ n omit to say t ! "y int5d$ = ?is re-peopl+ mu/ n be conf9$ 9 a cage1 z !y w\ld lose ! use ( _! w+s1 & run ! risk ( p]i%+ ! fir/ day ( _! lib]ation4 ,z soon z !y c fe$ !mselves1 !y mu/ be all[$ an entire room1 9 :i* !y may fly freely1 & gr[ /rong & bold4 ,a sort ( grove %\ld be =m$ ( bran*es or small trees1 & nature %\ld be imitat$ z mu* z possible also 9 fe$+ !m1 by ?r[+ to !m m insects & ants' eggs ?an usual1 to accu/om !m to seek = !m4 ,! p]iod ( ! night+ale's return ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,g]many1 is ! middle ( ,april1 r>ely ei!r e>li] or lat]#gd3 x is always :5 ! :ite-?orn beg9s to exp& its leaves4 ,advanc+ sl[ly & gradually1 ^! birds are n s likely to suff] f bad wea!r z ^? :i* g /raight to _! de/9ation by "o /age4 ,9 ! middle ( ,augu/ ea* family prep>es to dep>t2 ?is is done quietly1 remov+ gradually1 & pass+ f grove to grove to ! end ( _! j\rney2 !n x is t ^! birds are caught ) nooses or spr+es1 by us+ eld]b]ries or currants = a bait4 ,! middle ( ,septemb] is ! late/ p]iod at :i* !y are se5 9 ,g]many4 ,all !n disappe> imp]ceptibly1 s t ! "t !y employ 9 ! re/ ( _! j\rney is altoge!r unkn[n4 ,o!r birds1 ^: in/9ct leads !m to travel 9 l>ge flights1 d n s easily escape obs]vation4 ,if by accid5t a night+ale is met ) at ! end ( ,septemb]1 or 9 ,octob]1 x mu/ h be5 delay$ by "s peculi> circum/ance2 = in/ance1 x may be a "y "o t has lo/ its way1 or t 0 hat*$ late1 or x may be an invalid4 ,9 conf9em5t night+ales may be all[$ to fly freely1 z ,i h (t5 p]mitt$ !m2 b !y d n !n s+ s well z :5 9 a cage1 :]e !y are less subject to int]ruptions1 & :]e also !y live long] & m heal?ily1 f be+ f$ ) m c>e & regul>ity4 ,! night+ale's cage1 ( :atev] =m1 mu/ n be less ?an a foot & a half 9 l5g?1 by ab\t "o 9 wid?1 & "o or m 9 height4 ,! top %\ld be made ( l95 or s(t /uff1 t :5 jump+ & /ruggl+1 especially :5 fir/ caught1 he may n injure 8 head4 ,! dr9k+-cup & fe$+-tr\gh are fa/5$ on ! outside1 unless x is pref]r$ to introduce ! latt] )91 9 ! =m ( a draw]4 ,! foll[+ are ! be/ =m & proportions = a night+ale's cage1 t ,i am acqua9t$ )3--,l5g?1 "o foot & a half2 bread?1 eight in*es2 height1 fifte5 in*es 9 ! middle2 ?irte5 at ! sides1 because ! ro( is ar*$4 ,! sides are made ( osi]s ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick2 ! bottom is made ( ! same mat]ial1 b x is cov]$ by a draw] an in* & a qu>t] 9 dep?4 ,9 ord] to clean x m easily1 ,i cov] x ) co>se pap]1 :i* ,i r5ew e "t4 ,! fe$+-tr\gh is introduc$ on "o side1 ) edges high en\gh to prev5t ! bird's spill+ too mu* ( ! food4 ,9 ! middle ( ! front ( ! cage1 & ext5d+ f top to bottom1 is a cyl9drical projection 9 ! =m ( a belfry1 9 :i* is susp5d$ a l>ge dr9k+-glass4 ,! upp] /ick ( ! cage is conf9$ "h1 t]m9at+ 9 a =k1 or fix$ to a semi-circle1 t ! projection may n be prev5t$ f mov+4 ,?is projection is made ( osi]s1 l ! re/ ( ! cage4 ,! middle & l[] /icks are cov]$ ) gre5 clo?1 firmly sew$ on1 t ! night+ale may h a s(t] p]*1 & n h 8 feet s soon injur$1 :i* is v common ) imprison$ birds4 ,! ar*$ ro( is also cov]$ ) gre5 /uff1 :i* is pa9t$ t col\r ) oil pa9t1 z well z ! :ole ( ! cage4 ,b x mu/ be well dri$1 & q free f smell be=e ! bird is put into x4 ,my reasons = pref]r+ ?is cage are1 fir/1 because be+ small1 x occupies less room1 )\t disadvantage to ! bird or to ! ap>tm5t2 second1 because ! size ( ! osi]s leave small int]vals = ! admission ( light1 & x is consequ5tly d>k]2 ?ird1 because ! bird c ba! )\t wett+ 8 cage or 8 p]*es3 & consequ5tly 8 feet rema9 clean] & m heal?y4 ,z to ! situation ( ! cage1 ! prison]'s ta/e mu/ be consult$4 ,"s night+ales dislike be+ 9 ! w9d[1 & pref] a d>k corn] ( ! room2 o!rs l ! light & ! sun4 ,if x is wi%$ t a night+ale %\ld s+ ev]y:]e1 x is necess>y1 :5 he is m\lt+1 & be=e he resumes 8 song1 to accu/om him to a *ange ( place1 by c>ry+ him sometimes "h1 sometimes !re4 ,"s w s+ only :5 !y are alone1 :ile o!rs l to p]=m alt]nately ) a neighb\r2 b !y nev] s+ s l\d & well :5 !re are sev]al 9 a room4 ,p]haps jeal\sy is ! *ief cause ( ?is4 ,on ^! occasions1 ! fir/ t beg9s g5]ally ma9ta9s ! sup]iority2 ! o!rs s+ only :5 he /ops1 & ?is b seldom1 & 9 an "u tone4 ,"s are s sulky t !y w n s+ at all4 ,"s ( ^! ob/9ate p\t]s are occasionally1 f _! sil5ce1 mi/ak5 = females1 & consequ5tly dismiss$ f ! room1 b :5 !y f9d !mselves alone !y beg9 to s+ at full /ret*4 ,,food4--,:5 wild night+ales fe$ on insects1 especially little gre5 cat]pill>s1 ( :i* !y cle> ! bu%es & trees1 small butt]flies1 flies1 & beetles1 & ! grubs ( insects hid among moss or 9 ! e>?1 :i* are discov]$ by turn+ x up4 ,at _! dep>ture1 t[>ds ! end ( summ]1 !y also eat eld]b]ries & currants4 ,9 conf9em5t1 meal worms & fre% ants' eggs are ! fir/ ?+s :i* %\ld be (f]$ to birds :i* are j caught2 9 place ( ^!1 :5 x is n possible to procure !m1 "s p]sons prep>e a mixture ( h>d eggs1 ox he>t1 & :ite bread1 "s m\?fuls ( :i* !y =ce ! birds to swall[1 & !n ?r[ "s meal worms on ! re/1 to induce ! night+ale to eat x2 b ?is artificial food is s unfit = ^! birds1 especially at fir/1 t x kills ! great] numb]4 ,!y may also be injur$ by =cibly op5+ _! delicate beak4 ,:5 ants' eggs _c be procur$1 x is bett] to set ! birds at lib]ty ?an ?us to sacrifice !m4 ,_! be/ food 9 summ] is ants' eggs1 to :i* are daily add$ two or ?ree meal worms#ge2 :5 none ( ! =m] rema9 fre% !y mu/ be suppli$ by dri$ or r roa/$ ox he>t & raw c>rot1 bo? grat$1 & !n mix$ ) dri$ ants' eggs#gf4 ,! c>rot1 :i* may be pres]v$ fre% 9 s& 9 ! cell>1 prev5ts heat 9 ! /oma* & b[els2 a little lean beef or mutton m9c$ small may also be us$ sometimes2 aft] diff]5t trials1 x is 9 ?is way ,i fe$ my night+ales4 ,! *eape/ food is v ripe eld]b]ries1 dri$ & mix$ ) ants' eggs1 9 ! same way z ! c>rots & :ite bread4 ,"s bird-fanci]s1 9 w9t]1 bake a little loaf made ( ! fl\r ( peas & eggs1 :i* !y grate1 moi/51 & !n mix ) dri$ ants' eggs2 o!rs1 :o w\ld /ill be m economical1 p\nd poppy-se$s 9 a mort> to express ! oil1 & !n mix !m ) ! crumb ( :ite bread2 :5 accu/om$ to x ! birds seem v fond ( x1 b a pro( t x does n agree ) !m is t !y soon fall into a decl9e & die4 ,?is plan has lately be5 introduc$ into ,?ur+ia2 b kn[+1 z ,i d f exp]i5ce1 t ! /oma* ( ! night+ale is n =m$ to dige/ su* food1 s9ce he is n gram9ivor\s1 ,i take c>e nev] to adm9i/] x2 & ,i ?9k ,i ought to w>n o!rs aga9/ x4 ,! be/ w always be ! simple/1 & t :i* is mo/ con=mable to nature4 ,^? :o adopt t :i* ,i h m5tion$ w h ! satisfaction ( f9d+ _! night+ales heal?y1 *e]ful1 active1 & good s+]s4 ,i h already said t ,i h tri$ lett+ !m run ab\t ! room1 fe$+ !m ^u ! common univ]sal pa/e2 b ?is food is n suffici5tly nutriti\s = !m3 on ?is diet !y c h>dly pass six mon?s )\t fall+ into a decl9e1 & !y w\ld inevitably p]i% if !y 7 n spe$ily re/or$ to "o :i* is fitt] = !m4 ,!y require fre% wat] e day1 z well = ba?+ z dr9k+2 !y habitually ba!1 :5 cag$1 aft] s++4 ,!y h also be5 obs]v$ to d s ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ! c&les 7 light$4 ,,bre$+4--,ea* night+ale has 8 little di/rict2 & if 9 ! pair+ season sev]al males are f\nd toge!r1 v angry battles take place1 :i* end 9 ! flight ( ! weake/4 ,! commone/ qu>rels ( ?is k9d are betwe5 fa!rs & sons4 ,! latt]1 hav+ be5 born 9 ! place1 det]m9e to fix !mselves 9 x2 all feel+ ( relation%ip is !n ext+ui%$1 & !y are /rang]s2 ! relations ( fa!r & son1 ^? sweet ties1 hi!rto s close1 are sudd5ly brok51 nev] m to be felt4 ,! ne/ is built 9 a grove or or*>d1 among a heap ( bran*es1 or on a ?orn bu%1 or ! trunk ( a tree surr\nd$ by bri>s2 or ev5 on ! gr\nd :5 x may be hid by tall grass or ?ick bu%es4 ,its =m is simple & in>tificial1 on ! outside dry leaves1 on ! inside hay1 f9e roots1 ) ! hair ( animals1 is all ! app>atus4 ,! female lays f f\r to six eggs1 ( a br[ni% gre51 on :i* %e sits a =tnight4 ,! "y are f$ ) small cat]pill>s & butt]flies4 ,z ! l[ position ( ! ne/ exposes !m to become ! prey ( c>nivor\s quadrup$s1 !y soon quit x1 ev5 be=e !y c fly4 ,_! plumage be=e m\lt+ has no resemblance to t ( ! old birds except ! r$ ( ! tail2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is ( a r$di% grey1 spott$ ) yell[i% :ite on ! head & cov]ts ( ! w+s2 ! "u "p is ( a ru/y yell[1 spott$ on ! brea/ ) d>k br[n2 b aft] m\lt+ ! resemblance is s p]fect t !y c h>dly be di/+ui%$4 ,if1 !re=e1 any ( ^! birds are caught t[>ds ! end ( summ]1 !y are c>efully exam9$ on ! back ( ! head1 r\nd ! eyes1 & "u ! beak & neck1 =1 provid$ !re rema9s 9 ^! places a small fea!r1 or m]e yell[ po9t1 x is suffici5t to asc]ta9 t !y are "y4 ,z ^! are ! only means ( judg+1 if no m>ks appe>1 x is necess>y to wait = a few days till ! bird beg9s to s+4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n a sure sign1 z ! "y females s+ z well z ! males1 till ! mon? ( ,april1 ?\gh 9 a weak] & m unconnect$ way1 & )\t s visibly swell+ _! ?roats3 x is by ^! nice obs]vations t connoisseurs succe$ 9 di/+ui%+ !m4 ,x may also be rem>k$1 z a help to ^? :o wi% to re> night+ales1 t1 :5 9 ! ne/1 ^? :i* are m>k$ ) :ite1 & especially ^? :i* h a :ite ?roat1 are males2 ! r$de/ & br[ne/ be+ always females4 ,! "y1 :5 tak51 are f$ ) ants' eggs mix$ ) :ite bread1 grat$ & moi/5$4 ,! males beg9 to w>ble ev5 be=e _! tails are q gr[n3 if ! fa!r & "m are tak5 at ! same "t z ! "y ones1 !y w1 :5 cag$1 cont9ue to fe$ !m z be=e4 ,x is said t night+ales sometimes build 9 ! bird room2 ?is1 h[ev]1 c only succe$ by giv+ up to a tame heal?y pair a :ole room1 9 :i* a sort ( grove %\ld be =m$ ( bran*es4 ,,diseases4--,9 g5]al m\lt+ am\nts to a disease among night+ales3 at ?is critical "t !y require a m succul5t diet1 & sometimes a spid] by way ( purgative4 ,if _! /oma* is disord]$ !y puff up _! fea!rs1 half %ut _! eyes1 & rema9 = h\rs ) _! head "u _! w+4 ,!y are reliev$ & cur$ by ants' eggs1 "s spid]s1 & by giv+ !m occasionally wat] impregnat$ ) saffron till x is ( an orange col\r1 to dr9k4 ,z to ^? diseases :i* !y h 9 common ) o!r birds1 !y are treat$ accord+ to ! directions giv5 9 ! ,introduction4 ,x is especially necess>y1 e ?ree mon?s1 c>efully to remove ! l>ge scales f _! legs & toes4 ,a night+ale may be kept 9 conf9em5t fifte5 ye>s2 :il/ 9 a wild /ate !y are nev] obs]v$ to exi/ s long 9 ! same spot1 :i* seems to prove t !y d n atta9 s great an age :5 expos$ to all sorts ( accid5ts1 bo? f birds ( prey & bird-cat*]s4 ,i h an in/ance ( a night+ale :i* has liv$ tw5ty-five ye>s 9 conf9em5t4 ,:5 !y h rea*$ six ye>s !y beg9 to s+ less frequ5tly & long1 ) less brilliancy & ornam5t2 x is !n bett] to set !m at lib]ty 9 ! mon? ( ,may4 ,! op5 air (t5 invigorates !m s mu* t !y rega9 _! song 9 all its =ce & beauty4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,no?+ is easi] ?an to cat* a night+ale 9 ! season ( pair+4 ,if a little furr[1 smoo? at ! bottom1 is dug 9 a d>k soil1 & "s meal worms or ants' eggs are ?r[n into x1 he w imm$iately fly to ^! delicacies4 ,by putt+ also 9 ! same place lim$ twigs1 or a small net :i* may be easily dropp$1 he w soon be caught2 x is ev5 suffici5t to fix ov] ! furr[ a bit ( wood support$ by a /ick1 :i* w fall z soon z ! bird p]*es ^u x4 ,he is s unsuspici\s t he obs]ves ! sn>e be+ laid1 & !n fooli%ly falls into x1 :5 ! bird-cat*] has mov$ only a few /eps f x2 he w ev5 all[ himself to be l$ to x :5 at a little di/ance1 if 9 a g5tle mann]4 ,a bird-cat*] may ?us1 9 a few h\rs1 depopulate a :ole di/rict ( ^! delightful song/]s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is is fe>$1 !re is a means ( baffl+ 8 int5tions1 by anticipat+ him1 & cat*+ ! night+ale we wi% to pres]ve 9 our neighb\rhood1 ei!r by a lim$ twig or 9 a net1 & lett+ him g aga94 ,?is exp]im5t w prev5t 8 fall+ s readily into ! sn>e 9 future4 ,9 ! great] "p ( ,g]many1 inde$1 x is =bidd51 "u a v heavy p5alty1 to cat* night+ales4 ,ano!r mode ( tak+ !m is by nooses & spr+es1 & susp5d+ = a bait1 in/ead ( b]ries1 live meal-worms2 b !re is "o disadvantage att5d+ x1 :ile /ruggl+ ! bird almo/ always injures 8 feet1 especially 9 spr+es4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! fir/ good quality ( a night+ale is und\bt$ly its f9e voice1 & notes :i* ,i %all endeav\r to describe4 ,! night+ale expresses 8 diff]5t emotions by suitable & p>ticul> tones4 ,! mo/ unmean+ cry :5 he is alone appe>s to be a simple :i/le fitt1 b if ! syllable crr is add$1 x is !n ! call ( ! male to ! female4 ,! sign ( displeasure or fe> is fitt repeat$ rapidly & l\dly be=e add+ ! t]m9at+ crr2 :il/ t ( satisfaction & pleasure su*1 = example1 z conjugal ende>m5ts1 or on ! occasion ( f9d+ a delicate morsel1 is a deep tack1 :i* may be imitat$ by smack+ ! tongue4 ,9 ang]1 jeal\sy1 rivalry1 or any extraord9>y ev5t1 he utt]s ho>se disagreeable s\nds1 some:at l a jay or a cat4 ,la/ly1 9 ! season ( pair+1 :5 ! male & female entice & pursue ea* o!r1 f ! top ( a tree to its base1 & !nce aga9 to ! top1 a g5tle subdu$ w>bl+ is all t is he>d4 ,nature has grant$ ^! tones to bo? sexes2 b ! male is p>ticul>ly end[$ ) s v /rik+ a musical tal5t1 t 9 ?is respect he surpasses all birds1 & has acquir$ ! "n ( ! k+ ( song/]s4 ,! /r5g? ( 8 vocal organ is inde$ wond]ful2 & x has be5 f\nd t ! muscles ( 8 l>ynx are mu* m p[]ful ?an ^? ( any o!r bird4 ,b x is less ! /r5g? ?an ! compass1 flexibility1 prodigi\s v>iety1 & h>mony ( 8 voice :i* make x s admir$ by all lov]s ( ! beautiful4 ,sometimes dwell+ = m9utes on a /ra9 compos$ ( only two or ?ree melan*oly tones1 he beg9s 9 an "u voice1 & swell+ x gradually by ! mo/ sup]b cresc5do to ! highe/ po9t ( /r5g?1 he ends x by a dy+ cad5ce2 or x consi/s ( a rapid succession ( m brilliant s\nds1 t]m9at$1 l _m o!r /ra9s ( 8 song1 by "s deta*$ asc5d+ notes4 ,tw5ty-f\r diff]5t /ra9s or c\plets may be reckon$ 9 ! song ( a f9e night+ale1 )\t includ+ its delicate little v>iations2 = among ^!1 z among o!r musicians1 !re are "s great p]=m]s & _m middl+ ones4 ,?is song is s articulate1 s speak+1 t x may be v well writt54 ,! foll[+ is a trial :i* ,i h made on t ( a night+ale 9 my neighb\rhood1 :i* passes = a v capital s+]#gg3-- ,tio1 tio1 tio1 tio4 ,spe1 ti\1 squa4 ,ti1 ti1 ti1 ti1 tio1 tio1 tio1 tix4 ,c\tio1 c\tio1 c\tio1 c\tio4 ,squ1 squ1 squ1 squ4 ,tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzu1 tzi4 ,corror1 ti\1 squa1 pipiqui4 ,zozozozozozozozozozozozo1 zirrhad+6 ,tsissisi1 tsissisisisisisisis4 ,dzorre1 dzorre1 dzorre1 dzorre1 hi4 ,tzatu1 tzatu1 tzatu1 tzatu1 tzatu1 tzatu1 tzatu1 dzi4 ,dlo1 dlo1 dlo1 dlo1 dlo1 dlo1 dlo1 dlo1 dlo4 ,quio1 tr rrrrrrrr itz4 ,lu1 lu1 lu1 lu1 ly1 ly1 ly1 ly1 li1 li1 li1 li#gh4 ,quio1 didl li lulylie4 ,hagurr1 gurr quipio6 ,c\i1 c\i1 c\i1 c\i1 qui1 qui1 qui1 qui1 gai1 gui1 gui1 gui#gi ,goll goll goll goll guia hadadoi4 ,c\igui1 horr1 ha diadia dill si6 ,hezezezezezezezezezezezezezezezeze c\> ho dze hoi4 ,quia1 quia1 quia1 quia1 quia1 quia1 quia1 quia1 ti4 ,ki1 ki1 ki1 o1 o1 o1 ioioioio ki4 ,lu ly li le lai la leu lo1 didl o quia4 ,kigaigaigaigaigaigaigai guiagaigaigai c\ior dzio dzio pi4#hj ,if we c\ld und]/& ! s5se ( ^! words1 we %\ld d\btless discov] ! expression ( ! s5sations ( ?is delightful song/]4 ,x is true t ! night+ales ( all c\ntries1 ! s\? z well z ! nor?1 appe> to s+ 9 ! same mann]2 !re is1 h[ev]1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 s great a diff]5ce 9 ! degree ( p]fection1 t we _c help ackn[l$g+ t "o has a great sup]iority ov] ano!r4 ,on po9ts ( beauty1 h[ev]1 :]e ! s5ses are ! judges1 ea* has 8 peculi> ta/e4 ,if "o night+ale has ! tal5t ( dwell+ agreeably on 8 notes1 ano!r utt]s 8 ) peculi> brilliancy1 a ?ird l5g!ns out 8 /ra9 9 a p>ticul> mann]1 & a f\r? excels 9 ! silv]9ess ( 8 voice4 ,all f\r may excel 9 _! /yle1 & ea* w f9d 8 admir]2 &1 truly1 x is v difficult to decide :i* m]its ! palm ( victory4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 individuals s v sup]ior z to unite all ! beauties ( p[] & melody2 ^! are g5]ally birds ( ! fir/ bre$1 :i*1 hav+ be5 hat*$ ) ! necess>y p[]s1 9 a di/rict well peopl$ ) night+ales1 appropriate :at is mo/ /rik+ 9 ! song ( ea*1 :5ce results ?is p]fect comp\nd1 s wor?y ( our admiration4 ,z ! return ( ! males 9 spr+ always prec$es t ( ! females by sev5 or eight days1 !y are con/antly he>d to s+ be=e & aft] midnight1 9 ord] to attract _! companions on _! j\rney dur+ ! f9e nights4 ,if _! wi%es are accompli%$ !y !n keep sil5ce dur+ ! night1 & salute ! dawn ) _! fir/ acc5ts1 :i* are cont9u$ ?r\gh ! day4 ,"s p]si/ 9 _! fir/ season 9 s++ be=e & aft] midnight1 :5ce !y h obta9$ ! "n ( nocturnal night+ales2 b !y _c be di/+ui%$ till aft] "s "t1 :5 !y are e/abli%$ 9 _! di/rict1 & h ! society ( _! females4 ,aft] repeat$ exp]im5ts = _m successive ye>s1 ,i ?9k ,i am au?oris$ 9 affirm+ t ! nocturnal & diurnal night+ales =m di/9ct v>ieties1 :i* propagate regul>ly3 = if a "y bird is tak5 f ! ne/ ( a night s+]1 he1 9 8 turn1 w s+ at ! same h\rs z 8 fa!r1 n ! fir/ ye>1 b c]ta9ly 9 ! foll[+#ha2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! "y ( a day night+ale w nev] s+ 9 ! night1 ev5 :5 x is surr\nd$ by nocturnal night+ales4 ,i h also rem>k$ t ! night s+]s pref] m\nta9\s c\ntries1 & ev5 m\nta9s !mselves1 :il/ ! o!rs pref] pla9s1 valleys1 & ! neighb\rhood ( wat]4 ,i w also v5ture to affirm t all ! night s+]s f\nd 9 ! pla9s h /ray$ f ! m\nta9s2 ?us 9 my neighb\rhood1 inclos$ 9 ! fir/ *a9s ( ! m\nta9s ( ,?ur+ia1 we he> only night s+]s1 & 9 ! pla9s ( ,go?a !y "k only ! day night+ale4 ,x is a pity t ! "t = ?is delightful bird's song %\ld be s %ort1 t is to say1 :5 wild4 ,x endures h>dly ?ree mon?s2 & dur+ ?is %ort int]val x is n ma9ta9$ ) equal p[]4 ,at its fir/ arrival x is ! mo/ beautiful1 cont9u$1 & impassion$2 :5 ! "y are hat*$1 x becomes m r>e2 ! att5tions :i* !y require occupy+ consid]able "t4 ,if f "t to "t ! night+ale's song is he>d1 x is evid5t t ! fire :i* animat$ x is mu* weak5$4 ,aft] midsumm] all is end$1 no?+ is he>d b ! w>bl+ ( ! "y1 :i* seem to /udy _! fa!r's song1 & try to imitate x4 ,! night+ale s+s mu* long] 9 conf9em5t3 birds :i* are caught full gr[n sometimes s+ f ,novemb] to ,ea/]2 ^? :i* are br$ f ! ne/ s+ mu* long]1 sometimes z long z sev5 mon?s2 b 9 ord] t !y may s+ well !y mu/ be put "u ! in/ruction ( an old night+ale :i* is a good s+]1 o!rwise !y w be only /amm]]s1 mutilat+ _! natural song1 & ins]t+ 9 a confus$ mann] tones & passages :i* !y h caught f o!r birds4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y h a good in/ructor1 & a good memory1 !y imitate p]fectly1 & (t5 add to _! in/ructor's song "s beauties ( _! own1 z is usual among "y birds#hb4 ,i _c help "h m5tion+ ! cruel & disgu/+ selfi%ness ( "s m51 :o1 9 ord] a little to prolong ! song ( ?is int]e/+ bird1 sacrifice to _! transi5t gratification its eyes1 by bl9d+ x1 z is done to ! l>k & ! *aff9*4 ,x is said t a night+ale & a female r$-brea/ runn+ free 9 ! room w sometimes pair1 & produce mules1 b ,i h no exp]i5ce on ?is subject4 ,i _c bett] complete my acc\nt ( ! night+ale's song ?an by transcrib+ ! delightful1 ?\gh some:at exagg]at$ picture1 :i* has be5 giv5 ( x by ,buffon4 ,!re is no well organis$ man1 says he1 to :om ! "n ( ! night+ale does n recall "s "o ( ^? f9e nights 9 spr+1 :5 ! sky be+ cle>1 ! air calm1 all nature sil5t1 & z x 7 att5tive1 he has li/5$ ) delight to ! song ( ?is *ori/] ( ! woods4 ,sev]al s++ birds may be nam$ ^: voices 9 "s respects may compete ) t ( ! night+ale2 ! l>k1 ! can>y1 ! gre5f9*1 ! blackcap1 ! l9net1 ! goldf9*1 ! common blackbird1 ! solit>y ?ru%1 ! ,am]ican mock+-bird1 are all li/5$ to ) pleasure :5 ! night+ale is sil5t3 "s h f9e tones1 o!rs h _! voice z cle> z x is s(t1 o!rs h z f9e fl\ri%es1 b !re is n "o :i* ! night+ale does n surpass 9 ! complete union ( all ^! diff]5t tal5ts1 & 9 ! prodigi\s v>iety ( 8 songs2 s t ! song ( ea* ( ! above-nam$ birds is1 :5 tak5 9 its :ole ext5t1 only "o c\plet ( t ( ! night+ale4 ,! night+ale always *>ms1 & nev] copies himself s]vilely2 if he repeats any passage x is animat$ ) a new acc5t1 embelli%$ by new ornam5ts4 ,he succe$s 9 all /yles1 he r5d]s all expressions1 he seizes all *>act]s1 & he also augm5ts _! effect by contra/4 ,if ?is ,coryphu ( ! spr+ prep>es to s+ a hymn to nature1 he beg9s by a timid prelude1 by fa9t unc]ta9 s\nds1 z if he w\ld try 8 in/rum5t & int]e/ 8 audi5ce2 !n ga9+ c\rage he becomes gradually animat$1 w>m$1 & he soon displays 9 _! pl5itude all ! res\rces ( 8 incomp>able organ1 brilliant bur/s1 lively delicate trills1 volleys ( notes ^: di/9ctness equals _! volubility2 an int]nal dull murmur1 n itself pleas+ to ! e>1 b v fit to enhance ! brilliancy ( ! agreeable /ra9s1 sudd51 brilliant1 & rapid runs1 articulat$ ) /r5g?1 & ev5 a ta/eful rugg$ness1 pla9tive acc5ts1 t5d] cad5ces2 s\nds dwelt on )\t art1 b swell+ ) s5tim5t2 en*ant+ly p5etrat+ notes1 ! true sighs ( voluptu\sness & love1 :i* seem to come f ! he>t1 & make all he>ts palpitate2 :i* produce 9 all :o are n ins5sible a delightful emotion1 a t\*+ languor4 ,9 ^? impassion$ tones are recognis$ ! language ( s5tim5t :i* a happy husb& addresses to 8 belov$ p>tn]1 & :i* %e alone c inspire2 :ile 9 o!r /ra9s1 m surpris+ p]haps1 b less expressive1 are discov]$ ! simple wi% ( amus+ & pleas+ h]1 or ( disput+ be=e h] ! prize ( s++ ) rivals jeal\s ( 8 glory & happ9ess4 ,^! diff]5t /ra9s are int]sp]s$ ) pauses :i* 9 all /yles ( melody concur 9 produc+ great effects4 ,we dwell on ! beautiful notes we h j he>d1 & :i* /ill res\nd 9 our e>s2 we enjoy !m ! m because ! pleasure is m limit$1 m exclusive1 & undi/urb$ by new s5sations4 ,soon we expect1 we desire ano!r /ra92 we hope x may be pleas+2 if we are mi/ak51 ! beauty ( :at we he> w n leave u room to regret t :i* is only delay$1 & ! int]e/ ( hope is ma9ta9$ = ! /ra9s :i* w foll[4 ,"o ( ! reasons :y ! song ( ! night+ale is s /rik+1 & produces s mu* effect1 is1 z ,mr4 ,b>+ton has well said1 because he s+s 9 ! night1 :i* is ! mo/ fav\rable "t1 & he s+s alone1 :]eby 8 voice is he>d 9 all its spl5d\r1 & is undi/urb$ by any o!r voice4 ,he eclipses all o!r birds1 adds ,mr4 ,b>+ton1 by 8 s(t flute-l tones1 & by ! un9t]rupt$ duration ( 8 w>ble1 :i* la/s sometimes = tw5ty seconds4 ,! same obs]v] reckon$ 9 ?is w>ble sixte5 diff]5t /ra9s1 well m>k$ by _! fir/ & la/ notes1 ! int]m$iate notes be+ ta/efully v>i$ by ! bird2 & he asc]ta9$ t ! space fill$ by ! night+ale's voice is no less ?an an ,engli% mile 9 diamet]1 especially :5 ! air is calm3 ?is equals ! compass ( ! human voice4 ,x is surpris+ t s small a bird1 :i* weighs only half an ounce1 %\ld h su* =ce 9 ! vocal organs4 ,mr4 ,hunt] has obs]v$ t ! muscles ( ! l>ynx1 or gullet1 are /rong] 9 proportion1 9 ?is species1 ?an 9 any o!r1 & also /rong] 9 ! male :i* s+s1 ?an 9 ! female :i* does n s+4 ,ari/otle1 & ,pl9y aft] him1 say1 t ! song ( ! night+ale la/s 9 all its /r5g? = fifte5 days & fifte5 nights un9t]rupt$ly1 at ! "t t ! trees are putt+ =? _! leaves2 ?is c ref] only to wild night+ales1 & mu/ n be tak5 lit]ally2 = ^! birds are n sil5t ei!r be=e or aft] ! p]iod fix$ by ,ari/otle4 ,x is true !y d n cont9ue to s+ ) s mu* ard\r & con/ancy4 ,!y g5]ally beg9 9 ! mon? ( ,april1 & d n completely end till ! mon? ( ,june1 ab\t ! "t ( ! sol/ice2 b ! "t :5 _! song dim9i%es mo/1 is :5 ! "y are hat*$1 because !y are !n occupi$ 9 fe$+ !m1 & 9 ! ord] ( in/9cts1 t :i* t5ds to ! pres]vation ( ! species is pre-em95t4 ,captive night+ales cont9ue to s+ = n9e or t5 mon?s1 & _! song is su/a9$ n only = a long] "t1 b x is m p]fect & /udi$4 ,h5ce ,mr4 ,b>+ton inf]s1 t 9 ?is species1 & 9 _m o!rs1 ! male does n s+ to amuse ! female1 & enliv5 h] fatigue :5 sitt+2 :i* appe>s a v j & probable inf]5ce4 ,inde$1 ! female :5 %e sits p]=ms h] (fice f an in/9ct1 or r a passion1 /rong] 9 h] ?an ev5 ! passion ( love2 %e f9ds 9 x an int]nal satisfaction ( :i* we c =m no idea1 b :i* %e appe>s to feel s5sibly1 & we _c !re=e suppose t at su* mom5ts %e is 9 any want ( consolation4 ,s9ce !n x is nei!r f duty nor virtue t ! female sits1 nei!r is x on t acc\nt t ! male s+s3 inde$ he does n s+ dur+ ! second incubation4 ,x is love1 & especially ! fir/ season ( love1 :i* inspires ! song ( ! bird2 x is 9 spr+ t !y exp]i5ce ! want bo? to love & to s+2 x is ! males :i* h mo/ desire1 & x is !y :o s+ ! mo/4 ,!y cont9ue to s+ dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye> if we pres]ve ar\nd !m a p]petual spr+1 :i* incessantly r5ews _! ard\r1 )\t af=d+ an occasion = ext+ui%+ x2 ?is happ5s to cag$ night+ales1 & ev51 z x has be5 already m5tion$1 to ^? :i* h be5 tak5 full gr[n4 ,"s h be5 kn[n to beg9 to s+ ) all _! /r5g? a few h\rs aft] be+ caught4 ,!y mu/1 h[ev]1 h be5 ins5sible ( _! loss ( lib]ty at fir/4 ,!y w\ld />ve ! fir/ sev5 or eight days if !y 7 n f$1 & w\ld injure _! heads aga9/ ! top ( ! cage if _! w+s 7 n ti$2 b at la/ ! passion = s++ prevails1 because x is produc$ by a /ill deep] passion4 ,! songs ( o!r birds1 ! s\nds ( in/rum5ts1 ! tones ( a sweet sonor\s voice1 excite !m mu*4 ,!y run1 !y approa*1 attract$ by ! sweet s\nds2 b duets attract !m /ill m p[]fully1 :i* w\ld seem to prove t !y are s5sible to ! effects ( h>mony4 ,!y d n cont9ue sil5t auditors1 !y jo9 ! p]=mance1 & use all _! ef=ts to eclipse _! rivals1 to surpass all ! o!r voices1 & ev5 all o!r s\nds4 ,x is said t !y h be5 kn[n to drop d[n dead at ! feet ( a p]son s++4 ,ano!r has be5 se5 flutt]+1 swell+ 8 ?roat1 & utt]+ an angry w>ble e "t a can>y :i* 0 ne> him1 began to s+2 he succe$$ by 8 ?reats 9 impos+ sil5ce1 s true is x1 t sup]iority is n always free f jeal\sy4 ,c x be 9 consequ5ce ( ! passion = pre-em95ce1 t ^! birds are s c>eful to seize e advantage1 & t !y pref] s++ 9 a place fav\rable to s\nd1 or )9 rea* ( an e*o8 ,all night+ales d n s+ equally well4 ,"s are s v inf]ior z n to be wor? keep+4 ,x has ev5 be5 ?\ght t ! song ( ! night+ale is diff]5t 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,9 ,engl&1 ^? :o are curi\s respect+ ^! birds1 pref]1 x is said1 ^? ( ! c\nty ( ,surrey1 to ^? ( ,middlesex2 z !y pref] ! gre5f9* ( ,essex1 & ! goldf9* ( ,k5t4 ,?is div]sity ( song among birds ( ! same species has v rationally be5 comp>$ to ! diff]5t dialects ( ! same language4 ,! true causes c h>dly be assign$1 z !y are = ! mo/ "p accid5tal4 ,a night+ale may p]haps h he>d o!r s++ birds1 or emulation may h caus$ him to p]fect 8 song1 :i* he ?us transmits improv$ to 8 desc5dants1 = e fa!r is ! s++ ma/] ( 8 family2 & x is easy to p]ceive t 9 succe$+ g5]ations ! song may be /ill fur!r improv$ or modifi$ by simil> accid5ts4 ,aft] ! mon? ( ,june1 ! night+ale s+s no m1 & he reta9s only a ho>se cry1 a sort ( croak+1 by :i* ! melodi\s ,philomel _c be recognis$1 & x is n surpris+ t =m]ly1 9 ,italy1 !y gave him a diff]5t "n "u ^! circum/ances4 ,he is inde$ ano!r bird1 a bird altoge!r diff]5t 9 respect ( voice1 & ev51 9 a great degree1 9 respect ( ! col\r ( 8 plumage4 ,among night+ales1 z well z o!r species1 "s females are f\nd p>ticipat+ 9 ! con/itution ( ! male1 8 habits1 & especially 9 8 musical p[]s4 ,i h se51 9 conf9em5t1 "o ( ^! female s+]s4 ,h] w>ble resembl$ t ( ! male1 b 0 nei!r s /rong nor s v>i$4 ,%e pres]v$ x till spr+2 b !n subdu+ ! ex]cise ( h] tal5t to ! natural duties ( h] sex1 %e became sil5t1 9 ord] to build h] ne/1 & to lay1 ?\gh %e 0 solit>y4 ,x appe>s t1 9 w>m c\ntries1 su* z ,greece1 x is v common to see ^! female s+]s1 & respect+ ?is species & _m o!rs we may draw ! same inf]5ce f a passage ( ,ari/otle4 ,"o w\ld h>dly imag9e t s v>i$ a song z t ( ! night+ale is conf9$ )9 a s+le octave2 ?is is1 h[ev]1 ! result ( ! att5tive obs]vations ( a man ( ta/e 7,m4 le docteur ,remond74 ,he rem>k$1 inde$1 "s %>p tones :i* =m$ ! d\ble octave1 & :i* 7 emitt$ l lightn+2 b ?is happ5s r>ely1 & :5 ! bird by a p[]ful ef=t ( ! gullet raises 8 voice to ! octave4 ,! same obs]v] discov]$ %akes on ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & octave1 b always f %>p to flat2 cad5ces1 g5]ally 9 ! m9or1 on almo/ e note2 b no arpeggios1 no coh]5t design4 ,indep5d5t ( ^! tal5ts1 ! night+ale possesses a quality v likely to augm5t ! numb] ( 8 fri5ds2 he is capable1 aft] "s "t1 ( =m+ atta*m5ts4 ,:5 once he has made acqua9tance ) ! p]son :o takes c>e ( him1 he di/+ui%es 8 /ep be=e see+ him2 he welcomes him by a cry ( joy2 &1 dur+ ! m\lt+ season1 he is se5 mak+ va9 ef=ts to s+1 & supply+ by ! gaiety ( 8 movem5ts1 & ! expression ( 8 looks1 ! demon/rations ( joy :i* 8 ?roat refuses to utt]4 ,:5 he loses 8 b5efactor1 he sometimes p9es to dea?2 if he survives x is long be=e he is accu/om$ to ano!r#hc4 ,8 atta*m5ts are long1 because !y are n ha/y1 z is ! case ) all wild & timid dispositions4 ,,! ,,great] ,,night+ale4 ,illu/ration ,motacilla ,lusc9ia major1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,gr& ,rossignol1 ou ,la ,progn#hd1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,spross]1 ,,be*/e94 ,naturali/s make ?is bird only a v>iety1 or at mo/1 only a species ( ! common night+ale2 b ,i f9d po9ts ( diff]5ce s num]\s & s /rik+1 t ,i ?9k x "r to make x a di/9ct species4 #a4 ,x is l>g] by an in* & a half 9 l5g?1 be+ six in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail1 also half an in* long]1 occupies two & ?ree-qu>t]s2 #b4 ,! head is l>g]1 & ! beak is ?ick]2 #c4 ,! col\rs are diff]5t2 #d4 ,! song is diff]5t4 ,) respect to gait1 mann]1 habits1 & ! l1 x is true !re is a resemblance1 :i* exi/s1 h[ev]1 only 9 common ) ! :ite-?roats1 & ! blackcap1 :i* h nev] be5 consid]$ z v>ieties ( ! night+ale4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is a dusky br[ni% grey2 ! ?roat is :ite bord]$ ) black2 ! brea/ is br[n1 ) d>k] spots2 ! belly dirty :ite2 ! w+s are deep br[n1 edg$ ) dirty r$2 ! tail & its upp] l>ge cov]ts dirty m>oon1 deep] ?an 9 ! common night+ale2 ! :ole plumage1 9 %ort1 is g5]ally & 9 all p>ts deep] & d>k]4 ,,obs]vations4--,! diff]5ce 9 ! song is v rem>kable4 ,! great] night+ale has a mu* /rong]1 l\d]1 & deep] voice2 b x s+s m sl[ly & m unconnect$ly2 x has n t a/oni%+ v>iety1 ^? *>m+ protractions1 & h>moni\s conclusions ( ! common night+ale2 x mutilates all ! /ra9s2 &1 on ?is acc\nt1 its song has be5 comp>$ to ! missel-?ru%1 to :i*1 h[ev]1 x is sup]ior 9 s(tness & pur5ess4 ,! common night+ale is sup]ior 9 delicacy & v>iety1 b inf]ior 9 =ce & brilliancy4 ,! great] night+ale s+s g5]ally 9 ! night1 s t x is ! real night-s+]2 :ile among night+ales ?is is r uncommon4 ,its voice is s l\d t x is almo/ impossible to be> x 9 a room4 ,x is necess>y to keep x always outside ! w9d[1 ei!r by hang+ its cage !re1 or by op5+ f x a sort ( passage into :i* x c remove4 ,its call is also v diff]5t2 hi6 glack arrr6 ,x seems also to pron\nce ,david1 ,jacob1 & g5]ally beg9s its song by ! latt] ^w4 ,if ! song is complete1 x consi/s ( ! foll[+ /ra9s3-- ,guia1 gu1 gu1 gu4 ,hajai1 hajai1 dzu1 dzu1 dzu1 dzu4 ,gorgu1 guguguguguh1 ,hoa goigoigoi gui4 ,dzicka1 dzicka1 dzicka4 ,davitt1 davitt1 davitt4 ,gogock1 gogock4 ,gu$um1 gu$um1 gu$um1 gu$um1 gue6 ,gai1 goi1 goi1 goi1 guirrrr4 ,golka1 golka1 golka1 golk4 ,hia1 guiaguiaguiaguia4 ,glockglockglockglockglockglock4 ,gueai1 gueaigueai gui6 ,goi1 guaguaguagua guagui4 ,heid1 heid1 heid1 heid hi4 ,voi dada6 voi dada6 ,gai1 gai1 gai1 gai1 guirr1 guirr4 ,hoi1 gueguegue gui4 ,hoi goi4 ,?is bird is n f\nd 9 any "p ( ,?ur+ia4 ,!re are "s 9 ,silesia1 ,bohemia1 ,pom]ania1 ne> ,witt5b]g1 ,halle1 & ,dessau2 b 9 ,au/ria1 ,hung>y1 & ,pol&1 !y are 9 "s di/ricts m abundant ?an ! common night+ale#he4 ,!y g5]ally settle among ! bu%es ( ! hills & pla9s1 & especially ne> riv]s4 ,:5 cag$ !y are f$ l night+ales4 ,!y are less delicate1 h[ev]1 & live mu* long]4 ,!y are *iefly br\ght f ,vi5na to ,?ur+ia1 :5ce !y h ! "n ( ,vi5na ,night+ales4 ,"s p make a bus9ess ( fet*+ !m f ,hung>y1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 :]e !y buy !m *eap1 9 ord] to sell !m v de>1 9 ,saxony & o!r remote prov9ces4 ,^? f ,hung>y are pref]r$ to ! ,poli%4 ,a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic is1 t !y fir/ pron\nce ! davitt or jacob only once :5 !y call2 :ile ! second repeat davitt _m times 9 succession4 ,at ,?orn1 & all along ! ,vi/ula1 :]e ! common & ! l>ge night+ale equally ab\nd1 ! latt] is call$ ! ,poli% ,night+ale1 & ! =m]1 ! ,night+ale ( ,saxony4 ,! ne/ ( ! great] night+ale is built l t ( ! night+ale2 b ! eggs are l>g]1 & ( an olive br[n1 ) d>k %ades4 ,^! birds are caught l night+ales2 _! diseases1 also1 are simil>2 b !y appe> to suff] /ill m :5 m\lt+2 !y become dull & ill1 & (t5 die "u x4 ,x is usual to give !m at ?is crisis "s spid]s1 & ! grubs :i* gnaw wood2 :at1 h[ev]1 aft] _m exp]im5ts1 appe>s mo/ salut>y1 is ! ,gold5 ,t9cture ( ,halle#hf1 "o or two drops ( :i* are p\r$ into ! dr9k+-tr\gh4 ,,! ,,blackcap4 ,sylvia atricapilla1 ,,be*/e92 ,la ,fauvette tte noire1 ,,buffon2 ,die s*w>zkpfige ,grasmcke1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is di/+ui%$ s+] among birds1 be>s1 9 ,g]many1 ! "n ( ,monk1 or ,moor1 f ! black or br[n cap :i* cov]s ! top ( 8 head4 ,^! two col\rs h l$ "s to divide !m into two species1 b x is q c]ta9 t !y only designate ! sex2 ! black m>k+ ! male1 & ! br[n ! female4 ,its l5g? is five in*es & five-six?s1 two & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is five l9es 9 l5g?1 =m$ l t ( ! night+ale1 & is ( a br[ni% blue1 ) ! edges ( ! l[] base & ! int]ior ( a yell[i% :ite2 ! iris m>oon2 ! feet t5 l9es high1 are d>k a%-col\r2 all ! top ( ! head is black2 ! *eeks & upp] "p ( ! neck are light a%-col\r2 ! upp] "p ( ! body1 z well z ! cov]ts ( ! w+s1 a%-col\r1 t5d+ to olive2 ! "u "p ( ! body is light grey1 fad+ to :ite "u ! belly & brea/2 ! sides & ?ighs are ! same col\r z ! back2 ! "u cov]ts ( ! tail & w+s are speckl$ gray & :ite2 ! p5-fea!rs & tail-fea!rs are d>k br[n1 edg$ ) ! col\r ( ! back4 ,! female is r l>g]2 h] cap is r$di% br[n2 ! upp] "p ( h] body r$di% grey1 t5d+ to olive2 ! *eeks & ?roat are light grey2 ! brea/1 ! sides1 & ! ?ighs1 are light grey1 v>y+ to light olive2 ! belly is r$di% :ite4 ,! silky plumage ( ?is bird is s delicate & frail1 t x is r>e to see "o 9 conf9em5t1 :e!r hopp+ freely1 or cag$1 :i* has n its tail or its w+s disfigur$4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ?is bird is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 inhabit+ woods & or*>ds1 or _! vic9ity2 x p>ticul>ly loves ?ick copse-wood4 ,9 ,septemb] x leaves our climate1 & returns ab\t ! middle ( ,april1 to enliv5 our woods by its brilliant & well support$ song4 ,9 conf9em5t1 :5 x is all[$ to hop ab\t1 x is provid$ ) a bran*1 or a roo/ furni%$ ) sev]al /icks1 because x walks ) difficulty1 & pref]s p]*+1 on :i* acc\nt a cage is bett] adapt$ to x4 ,at ! "t = dep>ture1 ^! birds1 urg$ by ! in/9ct to travel1 are mu* agitat$1 especially 9 ! night1 by moonlight4 ,! desire to rove is s /rong1 t !y (t5 fall ill & die4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 ! blackcap fe$s on small cat]pill>s1 butt]flies1 flies1 9 %ort1 ( all k9ds1 on insects & _! grubs2 9 "t ( ne$1 on b]ries & fruits also#hg4 ,9 conf9em5t ?is bird does v well on ! univ]sal pa/e1 ) :i* a little bruis$ hemp se$ is mix$1 & occasionally meal worms1 ants' eggs1 or insects4 ,9 summ] & autumn he is suppli$ ) eld]b]ries1 & !y are also dri$1 9 ord] t he may h "s 9 w9t]1 soak$ 9 wat]1 :i* is f\nd v good = 8 heal?4 ,he is a great eat]1 & :5 at lib]ty 9 ! bird room p>takes ( ev]y?+1 meat1 bread1 & ev5 vegetables4 ,z he is g5]ally caught 9 ! autumn he is soon accu/om$ to artificial food1 by hav+ eld]b]ries & meal worms mix$ ) x = sev]al successive days4 ,he is fond ( ba?+1 & mu/ be always well suppli$ ) fre% wat]4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species g5]ally lays b once a ye>1 occasionally twice1 & ev5 ?rice4 ,8 ne/1 plac$ ne> ! gr\nd1 g5]ally 9 a h$ge or bu% ( :ite-?orn1 is hemisph]ical1 solid1 & well built2 ! outside ( /alks1 des]t$ cocoons1 & /ubble1 ! inside ( f9e s(t hay1 mix$ ) hair4 ,x conta9s f f\r to six eggs1 ( a yell[i% :ite mottl$ ) yell[ & spott$ ) br[n4 ,! "y are f$ ) small cat]pill>s1 insects1 & currants2 ^? :i* are br\ght up by h& are f$ ) :ite bread & milk4 ,! *>m+ tone ( _! voice gives to _! own song1 z well z to t ( ! night+ale & can>y1 :i* !y easily le>n to imitate1 a sweetness & grace :i* are en*ant+4 ,be=e m\lt+ !re is s little diff]5ce betwe5 ! "y males & females t x requires great skill to di/+ui% !m1 = ! cap ( ! =m] is only a slight %ade d>k] ( olive br[n1 & ! back a greyi% br[n1 r m t9t$ ) olive2 b on ! fir/ m\lt+ ! head ( ! male beg9s to black5 fir/ beh9d ! beak1 :ile t ( ! female reta9s its orig9al col\r1 except t x becomes m bright & di/9ct4 ,:5 x is wi%$ to asc]ta9 ! sex ( ^! "y birds1 ! be/ plan is to pull out a few br[n fea!rs f ! head2 if x is a male1 black ones w come up 9 _! place1 & ?us !re w be no dang] ( tak+ females by mi/ake2 ^!1 h[ev]1 w\ld soon be kn[n1 because ! males beg9 to w>ble z soon z !y are able to fly & fe$ !mselves4 ,,diseases4--,! blackcap is subject to ! same diseases z ! night+ale1 b is m frequ5tly attack$ by decl9e4 ,z soon z ! symptoms appe> he mu/ be f$ ) a great _m meal worms & ants' eggs1 & 8 dr9k+ wat] mu/ be impregnat$ ) iron1 by putt+ a nail into x4 ,^? :i* are left to run ab\t ! room are apt to lose _! fea!rs4 ,"u su* circum/ances !y mu/ be cag$1 & expos$ to ! w>m? ( ! sun or ! fire2 !y mu/ be well f$1 especially ) ! food giv5 to night+ales2 ^! me?ods g5]ally re/ore !m1 & _! fea!rs are gradually r5ew$4 ,a tepid ba?1 repeat$ = two or ?ree days1 is v likely to help _! developm5t4 ,9 epileptic or p>alytic attacks ,i make !m swall[1 ) great success1 two or ?ree drops ( olive oil2 ,i lately _h ! pleasure ( see+ ! success ( ?is rem$y on a bird ( ?is species suff]+ f an apoplectic fit1 & :i* dragg$ 8 little p>alys$ foot ab\t ! room :]e he liv$ uncag$2 he is n[ q recov]$1 v gay1 & active2 8 song 0 nev] be=e s delightful to me4 ,^! birds g5]ally live 9 captivity z long z night+ales4 ,,modes ,,( ,,tak+4--,e ta/e b t ( ! palate mu/ be de/roy$ if ?is *>m+ bird is caught = ! table4 ,besides1 x is by no means num]\s2 b if x is desir$ z an ornam5t to ! h\se1 sn>es bait$ ) currants mu/ be laid = x 9 ,july & ,augu/1 ! greate/ c>e be+ tak5 to save ! feet1 :i* are v likely to be brok54 ,pati5ce is v necess>y 9 ord] to succe$1 = x is a v suspici\s bird1 approa*+ sl[ly1 & fall+ into ! sn>e only :5 press$ by hung]4 ,! same suspici\s disposition causes x to repair ) repugnance to ! wat] trap1 ?\gh 9 o!r situations x delights 9 wat]1 & (t5 ba!s4 ,if x p]ceives any?+ unusual x w rema9 = h\rs )\t approa*+1 & w pass tw5ty times by currants :i* are hung up z a bait )\t t\*+ !m1 ?\gh v gre$y ( ?is food2 b if x sees ano!r bird ba!1 or dr9k1 x takes c\rage1 & soon falls into ! trap4 ,! "y1 be=e m\lt+1 /ill fooli% & inexp]i5c$1 are m c>eless1 & may be tak5 9 great numb]s 9 autumn2 & 9 ! spr+ !y are z easy to cat* z ! night+ale1 by means ( a net or lim$ twigs1 9 a place cle>$ f moss & turf1 & bait$ ) meal worms & ants' eggs4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,x is p]haps a suffici5t eulogium to say t ?is bird rivals ! night+ale1 & _m p]sons ev5 give x ! pref]5ce4 ,if x has less volume1 /r5g?1 & expression1 x is m pure1 easy1 & flute-l 9 its tones1 & its song is p]haps m v>i$1 smoo?1 & delicate4 ,x s+s also = a mu* long] p]iod1 bo? :5 wild & 9 conf9em5t1 its song be+ h>dly susp5d$ ?r\gh\t ! ye> by day1 & prolong$1 l t ( ! night+ale1 f> into ! night1 ?\gh begun at dawn4 ,! female s+s also1 b 9 a m limit$ degree1 v mu* l ! r$-brea/1 :i* has caus$ x to be mi/ak5 = a p>ticul> species ) a r$cap4 ,! call is a sort ( sm>t tack1 repeat$ quickly sev]al times4 ,! sudd5 view ( an unkn[n object1 or ( an imm95t dang]1 makes x utt] a ho>se disagreeable cry ( fe>1 v l a cat :5 hurt#hh4 ,,! ,,fauvette4 ,sylvia hort5sis1 ,,la?am2 ,la ,fauvette1 ,,buffon2 ,die graue ,grasmcke1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is five in*es1 two & a half ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak1 five l9es 9 l5g?1 & =m$ z 9 ! prec$+1 is br[n bel[1 light lead-col\r above1 & :iti% )92 ! iris is br[ni% grey2 ! feet1 n9e l9es high1 are /rong1 & lead-col\r2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is r$di% grey1 t9t$ slightly ) olive br[n2 ! *eeks are d>k]1 & r\nd ! eyes :iti%2 ! "u "p ( ! body1 includ+ ! brea/ & sides1 is light r$di% grey2 ! belly is :ite z f> z ! "u cov]ts ( ! tail1 :i* are t+$ ) r$di% grey2 ! knees are grey2 ! p5-fea!rs & tail-fea!rs are br[ni% grey1 edg$ ) ! col\r ( ! back1 & spott$ ) :ite at ! tips2 ! "u cov]ts ( ! w+s are r$di% yell[4 ,! female diff]s only 9 hav+ ! "u "p ( ! body1 z f> z ! brea/1 ( a light] col\r4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ?is bird1 :i* is f\nd all ov] ,europe1 appe>s to pref] ! groves & bu%es :i* skirt ! =e/s1 z well z or*>ds 9 _! vic9ity4 ,he arrives "s days be=e ! night+ale1 & dep>ts at ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,9 conf9em5t he is treat$ l ! blackcap1 &1 be+ m delicate1 mu/ be furni%$ ) a cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ! fauvette fe$s on small cat]pill>s & ! o!r little insects :i* are f\nd on ! bu%es1 :]e he is cont9ually se>*+ = !m1 utt]+ at ! same "t ! sweete/ & s(te/ song4 ,aft] midsumm] he appe>s v fond ( *]ries2 he eats ! pulp up to ! /one1 & ?is causes 8 beak to be at ?is season always /a9$2 he also likes r$ currants & eld]b]ries4 ,9 conf9em5t he is s great an eat] t if he is n cag$ he h>dly ev] quits ! fe$+-tr\gh ( ! night+ale4 ,?\gh he is m easily tam$ ?an ! blackcap1 he seldom survives m ?an two or ?ree ye>s1 & ! artificial food is no d\bt ! cause4 ,he appe>s v fond ( ! univ]sal pa/e2 b ,i h (t5 obs]v$ t x causes ! fea!rs to fall (f to s great a degree t he becomes almo/ b>e1 & !n ,i ?9k he dies ( cold r ?an f any o!r cause#hi4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ ( ! fauvette1 plac$ 9 a h$ge or bu% ( :ite-?orn1 at ab\t ?ree feet above ! gr\nd1 is well built on ! outside ) blades ( grass & roots1 & inside ) ! f9e/ & s(te/ hay1 v seldom ) moss4 ,! edges are fa/5$ ) spid]s' webs & dry cocoons4 ,! female lays f\r or five eggs1 ( a yell[i% :ite1 spott$ all ov] ) light a% grey & olive br[n4 ,! "y1 :i* are hat*$ aft] fifte5 days' sitt+1 are no soon] fl$g$ ?an !y jump out ( ! ne/ ! mom5t x is approa*$4 ,,diseases4--,!y are ! same z 9 ! blackcap2 b ! fauvette is /ill m subject to ! loss ( its fea!rs4 ,x fatt5s s fa/ ^u ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e t x (t5 dies f ?is cause4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds may be caught dur+ ! :ole ( ! summ] ) nooses & spr+es bait$ ) *]ries1 r$ currants1 or eld]b]ries4 ,!y g also v readily to ! wat] trap1 f sev5 to n9e 9 ! morn+1 & 9 ! ev5+ a little be=e sunset4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,( ! inhabitants ( our woods1 says ,buffon1 fauvettes are ! mo/ num]\s & agreeable4 ,lively1 nimble1 always 9 motion1 !y seem occupi$ only ) play & pleasure2 z _! acc5ts express only joy1 x is a pretty sight to wat* !m sport+1 pursu+1 & entic+ ea* o!r2 _! attacks are g5tle1 & _! combats end ) a song4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,brea/#ij ,motacilla ,fruticeti1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,petite ,fauvette1 ,,buffon2 ,die ro/graue ,grasmcke1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird1 :i* is b little kn[n1 resembles 9 mo/ po9ts ! prec$+1 b its figure is small] & its plumage d>k]4 ,its l5g? is f\r in*es & ?ree qu>t]s1 ( :i* two & a half 7be+ m ?an half ( ! :ole7 belong to ! tail4 ,! beak1 f\r l9es 9 l5g?1 is br[n above & yell[i% :ite bel[ & on ! edges2 ! iris d>k br[n2 ! feet1 n9e l9es 9 height1 are pale lead-col\r2 all ! upp] "p ( ! body1 compris+ ! w+-cov]ts1 is dusky r$di% grey1 d>k] t[>ds ! head & light] t[>ds ! rump4 ,i h nev] be5 able to discov] any diff]5ce betwe5 ! plumage ( ! male & female4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is bird arrives among u t[>ds ! end ( ,april4 ,x frequ5ts hilly places cov]$ ) bu%es & bri>s1 among :i* x builds its ne/1 ab\t f\r or five feet f ! gr\nd1 & among ! ?icke/ foliage4 ,! eggs1 five 9 numb]1 are :iti%1 mottl$ ) blui% br[n1 & speckl$ ) d>k m>oon4 ,incubation la/s b ?irte5 days4 ,at fir/ ! "y are f$ ) ! smalle/ cat]pill>s1 aft]w>ds ) l>g] ones1 flies1 & o!r insects2 b z soon z !y c fly !y accompany _! p>5ts 9 se>* ( *]ries1 r$ currants1 eld]b]ries1 &1 lat] 9 ! season1 ! b]ries ( ! s]vice tree4 ,! family dep>ts toge!r 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 & !n "s are tak5 9 nooses or spr+es bait$ ) eld]b]ries4 ,b ?is species is n mu* valu$1 & does n !re=e excite ! att5tion ( bird-cat*]s1 :o give ! pref]5ce to ! fauvette4 ,h[ev]1 ?is bird is an excell5t s+]1 & ?\gh 8 voice is n s cle> & flute-l z t ( ! fauvette1 yet by skilfully introduc+ 8 call into 8 w>ble1 he produces a v /rik+ & agreeable v>iety4 ,?is species is f$ & treat$ l ! prec$+1 b ) /ill great] c>e1 = x is ev5 m delicate4 ,) all my c>e ,i h nev] be5 able to pres]ve x m ?an two ye>s at ! utmo/3 ! difficulty1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to proce$ f ! diet1 = be+ caught 9 ! autumn x soon gets accu/om$ to ! food ( ! night+ale1 by fir/ giv+ x ! b]ries :i* x selects 9 a /ate ( fre$om4 ,,! ,,dunnock1 ,,or ,,h$ge ,,sp>r[4 ,acc5tor modul>is1 ,,be*/e92 ,la ,fauvette d'hiv]1 ou ,tra9e ,buisson1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,braunelle1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 :i* 9 its gait resembles ! wr51 seems also a l9k betwe5 its own species & t ( ! l>k1 = x does n conf9e itself to insects2 x eats all sorts ( small se$s1 su* z ^? ( ! poppy & ! grasses4 ,its l5g? is five in*es & a qu>t]1 two & a qu>t] ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak1 five l9es 9 l5g?1 is v %>p1 black1 :iti% at ! tip1 & ! inside rose-col\r2 ! iris purple2 ! legs1 n9e l9es 9 height1 are yell[i% fle%-col\r2 ! n>r[ head is1 toge!r ) ! neck1 d>k a%-col\r1 m>k$ ) v d>k br[n1 l t ( ! sp>r[2 ! brea/ a deep slate-col\r4 ,! brea/ ( ! female is light] & blui% grey2 %e has also m br[n spots on h] head4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is f\nd all ov] ,europe1 mak+ its abode 9 ?ick deep =e/s4 ,x is ) u a bird ( passage2 b "s individuals1 :i* come f q ! nor?1 rema9 dur+ ! w9t] ne> our dwell+s1 se>*+ ! heaps ( wood & /ones1 ! h$ges & f5ces1 &1 l ! wr51 ent]+ b>ns & /ables4 ,^? :i* leave u return at ! end ( ,m>*1 /op = "s "t 9 ! h$ges1 & !n p5etrate into ! woods4 ,9 conf9em5t ?is bird is s wakeful & gay t x may be safely left at lib]ty 9 ! room1 hav+ a roo/+-place = ! night2 x is also kept 9 a cage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,be>d$ ,,tit4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 ! great v>iety ( ?+s :i* s]ve x = food prev5t its ev] be+ at a loss ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,x is equally fond ( small insects & worms & small se$s4 ,9 spr+ x fe$s on flies1 cat]pill>s1 grubs1 & maggots1 :i* x seeks = 9 ! h$ges1 bu%es1 & 9 ! e>?4 ,9 summ] x fe$s *iefly on cat]pill>s2 9 autumn on se$s ( all k9ds & eld]b]ries2 & 9 w9t]1 :5 ! sn[ has cov]$ all se$s1 x has rec\rse to insects hid 9 ! cracks & crevices ( walls & trees4 ,9 conf9em5t x w eat any?+ t comes to table4 ,x is fond ( ! univ]sal pa/e1 hemp1 rape1 & poppy-se$s1 & refuses none ( ^! ?+s imm$iately on be+ imprison$1 & x soon seems z completely at ease z if accu/om$ to conf9em5t#ia4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species lays g5]ally twice a ye>2 plac+ its ne/ among ! ?icke/ bu%es1 ab\t five or six feet f ! gr\nd2 ! outside is compos$ ( mosses1 & fibres ( roots1 & wood1 & ! inside is l9$ ) ! fur ( de]1 h>es1 & ! l4 ,! eggs1 five or six 9 numb]1 are bright blui% gre54 ,! "y are no soon] fl$g$ ?an1 l ! prec$+1 !y quit ! ne/4 ,_! plumage is !n v diff]5t f t ( _! p>5ts3 ! brea/ is spott$ ) grey & yell[1 ! back ) br[n & black2 la/ly1 ! no/rils & angles ( ! beak are rose-col\r$4 ,!y are easily re>$ on :ite bread & poppy-se$s moi/5$ ) milk4 ,z soon z !y are tam$ ^! birds h a great incl9ation to build 9 ! room4 ,! male & female collect all ! little /raws1 ?reads1 & simil> mat]ials :i* !y c f9d1 to build a ne/ among ! b\ghs ) :i* !y are suppli$ = ! purpose4 ,! female lays ev5 :5 solit>y2 !y may be pair$ ) r$-brea/s1 & ^! unions succe$ v well4 ,,diseases4--,if x 7 g5]ally true1 t birds 9 a wild /ate are nev] ill1 ?is species mu/ be except$2 =1 h[ev] /range x may appe>1 ! "y are subject to ! small pox2 !y are attack$ by x :ile 9 ! ne/1 or ev5 aft] !y c fly4 ,i h a "y bird ( ?is k9d1 :i*1 at a "t :5 ?is disease prevail$ 9 my neighb\rhood1 took x2 he recov]$1 h[ev]1 tol]ably well1 b he entirely lo/ ! tail-fea!rs1 :i* 7 nev] aft]w>ds r5ew$4 ,old ones are sometimes caught or kill$ ^: feet & eyes are ulc]at$1 or h tum\rs on !m2 p]haps !y may be only *ilbla9s4 ,weav]s' /oves appe> to be p>ticul>ly injuri\s to ^! birds2 9 two or ?ree mon?s _! eyes swell1 & ! fea!rs fall (f all r\nd !m2 ! beak is attack$ ) scurvy1 :i* spreads to ! feet1 !n all ov] ! body2 b !y nev]!less cont9ue to live f eight to t5 ye>s 9 ^! rooms4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is v easy at _! return 9 ! spr+4 ,z soon z !y appe> 9 ! h$ges1 :]e !y soon discov] !mselves by ! cry issri1 a little place ne>1 :]e ! e>? is b>e1 mu/ be f\nd2 aft] hav+ plac$ lim$ twigs1 & ?r[n among !m e>? or meal worms = a bait1 ! dunnock is g5tly driv5 t[>ds !m )\t al>m+ him2 z soon z he p]ceives ! worms he d>ts ^u !m & falls into ! sn>e4 ,9 ! autumn !y may be caught 9 ! area & ) a noose2 9 w9t] 9 ! :ite-?roat's trap2 b !y resort 9 ! greate/ numb]s to ! wat] trap1 n s mu* = ! sake ( ba?+ z to seek = dead insects or decay$ roots4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,h[ev] agreeable ?is bird may be 9 ! room1 f its good hum\r1 agility1 gaiety1 & song1 x does n des]ve ! "n ( w9t] night+ale1 :i* x be>s 9 "s places2 its song is too simple & %ort2 x is a little c\plet1 compos$ ( a /ra9 ( ! l>k & "o ( ! wr54 ,! s\nds t*ondi1 hondi1 hondi are repeat$ frequ5tly & = a long "t1 always desc5d+ a six?1 & gradually dim9i%+ 9 p[]4 ,?is song is accompani$ ) an un9t]rupt$ movem5t ( ! w+s & tail1 & la/s ?r\gh ! ye>1 except at ! m\lt+ season4 ,"s "y ones1 re>$ 9 conf9em5t1 w1 if plac$ beside a f9e s++ bird1 le>n en\gh ( its song to embelli% _! own4 ,b1 :atev] may be ass]t$ on ! subject1 !y nev] succe$ 9 imitat+ ! night+ale4 ,:5 ! dunnock disputes ) its fell[ captives = a place or = food its ang] evaporates 9 a song1 l ! cre/$ l>k & ! wagtail4 ,,! ,,r$-,,brea/4 ,illu/ration ,motacilla rubecula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,r\ge-gorge1 ,,buffon2 ,das ,ro?kel*51 ,,be*/e94 ,! r$-brea/ is almo/ univ]sally kn[n 9 ,europe4 ,x is five in*es & ?ree qu>t]s long1 two & a qu>t] ( :i* belong to ! tail4 ,! beak is five l9es 9 l5g?1 & horn br[n1 ) ! l[] base & ! inside yell[2 ! iris is deep br[n2 ! %anks1 elev5 l9es 9 height1 are ( ! same col\r2 ! =ehead1 *eeks1 & "u "p ( ! body1 f ! beak to ! bottom ( ! brea/1 are orange r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body & ! w+-cov]ts d+y olive2 ! fir/ w+-cov]ts h at _! tip a little triangul> spot4 ,! female1 :i* is r small]1 is n s orange-col\r$ on ! =ehead1 & ?is col\r is n s bright ^u ! brea/2 ! %anks are a purpli% br[n2 yell[ spots are almo/ always abs5t f ! w+-cov]ts2 ! old females alone hav+ v small yell[ m>ks4 ,! males ( ! fir/ ye>1 :i* are caught 9 ! spr+1 v mu* resemble ! females3 !y h b v small yell[ spots1 & sometimes none2 ! brea/ is saffron yell[2 b ! feet are ! di/+ui%+ m>k1 be+ always v d>k br[n4 ,?is species has v>ieties1 z ! :ite r$-brea/ & ! v>iegat$ r$-brea/4 ,9 conf9em5t1 by sometimes remov+ successively ! quill-fea!rs & tail-fea!rs out ( ! m\lt+ season1 !y w at la/ be replac$ by :ite ones4 ,^! birds are v pretty2 ,i h _h sev]al 9 ?is way1 b ,i h obs]v$ t ^! la/ fea!rs are s weak & delicate t !y are easily injur$ & brok54 ,?is repeat$ op]ation mu/ give pa9 to ! little creatures1 on :i* acc\nt x %\ld be avoid$4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ^! birds are f\nd 9 abundance dur+ ! p]iod ( migration1 on h$ges & bu%es1 b 9 summ] !y mu/ be s\ght 9 ! woods4 ,?is retreat1 x has be5 said1 is necess>y to _! happ9ess3 ! male is engross$ ) ! society ( 8 mate1 all o!r company is tr\blesome2 he pursues eag]ly ! birds ( 8 species1 & drives !m f ! di/rict he has *os5 = himself2 ! same bu% nev] conta9s two pairs ( ^! birds4 ,! r$-brea/s return to u 79 ,g]many7 ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*#ib2 !y /op = ab\t a =tnight 9 ! h$ges1 & !n proce$ into ! woods4 ,9 ,octob] !y return t[>ds ! bu%es1 :i* !y busily se>* z !y travel1 & proce$ gradually to _! de/9ation4 ,"s delay _! dep>ture till ,novemb]1 "s w ev5 rema9 "h & !re ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 b g5]ally to _! co/1 z _! life is usually sacrific$ by ^! delays4 ,necessity !n =ces !m to draw ne> to h\ses1 dunghills1 & /ables1 :]e !y are g5]ally caught by m5 or cats1 or die ( hung] & cold if ! fro/ is long & sev]e1 & ! sn[ deep4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 h>d wea!r n to transport !m sudd5ly into a w>m room1 ! rapid *ange f cold to heat inv>iably kills !m4 ,!y %\ld at fir/ be put 9 a cold room1 & be gradually accu/om$ to w>m air2 ) ^! precautions !y w d z well z ^? :i* are caught 9 ! autumn or spr+4 ,9 conf9em5t ! inhabitants ( my neighb\rhood l to see r$-brea/s hopp+ ab\t ! room1 & !y make a roo/ = !m ( oak or elm bran*es4 ,!y f9d t ?is bird de/roys flies & ev5 bugs4 ,su* a situation appe>s to agree ) him v well1 z he lives 9 ?is way f t5 to twelve ye>s4 ,he is s jeal\s & unsociable t he mu/ n h a companion2 he mu/ be q alone2 a second w\ld cause battles :i* w\ld end only ) ! dea? ( "o ( ! combatants2 if1 h[ev]1 !y are equal 9 /r5g?1 & 9 a l>ge room1 !y w divide x1 & ea* tak+ possession ( 8 half1 !y rema9 9 peace1 unless "o %\ld pass 8 limits1 9 :i* case w> beg9s1 & is ma9ta9$ to ! la/ extremity4 ,9 ord] ! bett] to enjoy _! pretty song1 !y are provid$ ) a cage g5]ally resembl+ t ( ! night+ale4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ! r$-brea/ fe$s on all sorts ( insects1 :i* are pursu$ ) great skill & agility2 sometimes ?is bird is se5 flutt]+ l a butt]fly r\nd a leaf on :i* is a fly1 or if he sees an e>?-worm he hops =w>d flapp+ 8 w+s1 & seizes x4 ,9 autumn he eats diff]5t sorts ( b]ries4 ,9 conf9em5t1 by giv+ him at fir/ "s e>? or meal worms1 & 9 ! autumn eld]b]ries1 he soon gets accu/om$ to eat any?+3 he picks up crumbs ( bread1 ! little fibres ( meat1 & ! l1 b *eese appe>s 8 fav\rite food4 ,:5 hopp+ ab\t ! bird-room he likes ! univ]sal pa/e v mu*#ic4 ,he *iefly requires a regul> supply ( fre% wat]1 bo? = dr9k+ & ba?+2 & he makes himself s wet z to conceal ! col\rs ( 8 plumage4 ,,bre$+4--,! r$-brea/ lays twice a ye>4 ,! ne/1 plac$ ne> ! gr\nd1 ei!r among moss1 9 ! crevices ( /ones1 among ! roots ( a tree1 or 9 ! hole ( an old fell$ trunk1 is c>elessly =m$ ( moss1 l9$ ) f9e hay1 hair1 & fea!rs4 ,%e lays f f\r to six eggs1 ( a yell[i% :ite1 ) l9es & spots jo9$ & mix$ toge!r ( a r$di% col\r2 ! col\rs become deep] z ! spots approa* ! l>ge end1 :]e !y =m a cr[n ( a light br[n col\r4 ,! "y birds are at fir/ cov]$ ) yell[ d[n1 l *ick5s1 !y !n become grey1 & _! fea!rs are edg$ ) dusky yell[2 !y d n acquire ! orange r$ till !y h m\lt$4 ,!y are easily re>$ on :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,:5 _! cage is plac$ beside a night+ale !y acquire "s p>ts ( 8 song1 :i*1 introduc$ into _! own1 make a v pretty mixture4 ,,diseases4--,_! mo/ common disord] is di>rhoea1 = :i* "s spid]s are adm9i/]$4 ,decl9e is (t5 cur$ ) pl5ty ( ants' eggs & meal-worms2 b indige/ion (t5 proves fatal1 especially :5 x arises f hav+ eat5 too _m e>?-worms4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be cur$ by mak+ ! bird swall[ spid]s & meal-worms4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 spr+1 :5 ! r$-brea/s frequ5t ! h$ges & bu%es1 /icks are pass$ transv]sely ?r\gh !m1 on :i* lim$ twigs are fa/5$1 !n two p]sons g5tly beat ! h$ge or bu% to drive ! birds t[>ds ! twigs1 :]e !y are soon caught1 = r$-brea/s h ! habit ( p]*+ on all ! little l[ project+ bran*es1 9 ord] t !y may discov] e>?-worms4 ,?is sort ( r$-brea/ *ase is v common 9 ,?ur+ia1 :]e _m p]sons keep !m4 ,lim$ twigs may also be put 9 a b>e place ) e>? or meal-worms1 j z = ! dunnock4 ,! small night+ale net & ! :ite-?roat trap cat* _m4 ,!y are also caught at ! wat] trap2 b ! greate/ numb] are caught 9 autumn ) ! noose1 bait$ ) eld]b]ries1 :i* are at t season _! fav\rite food4 ,if !y are caught = ! room 7& x is a pity to hunt s pretty a bird = ! table71 x is necess>y1 9 ord] to pres]ve _! feet1 to cov] ! spr+es ) felt or cork4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,8 pretty plumage1 tricks1 & great sociability w\ld be en\gh to make him *>m+4 ,he is soon tam$1 s z to come ^u ! table & eat f a plate or ! h&2 8 *e]fulness & agility mu/ also give pleasure1 always 9 motion1 & b[+ aft] e hop & call+ sisri2 b he is p>ticul>ly valu$ on acc\nt ( 8 song4 ,?is song is g5]ally m p]fect & altoge!r sup]ior :5 he is cag$ ?an :5 hopp+ ab\t ! room4 ,!re are h[ev] exceptions4 ,! r$-brea/ s+s ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 b 9 spr+ 8 voice is mo/ brilliant & 8 melody mo/ en*ant+4 ,9 a c\ntry resid5ce x is v easy to tea* ?is bird to g & come1 :e!r re>$ f ! ne/ or caught full gr[n4 ,,! ,,blue-,,brea/4 ,motacilla ,suecica1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,gorge bleue1 ,,buffon2 ,das ,blaukehl*51 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird may be consid]$ z int]m$iate betwe5 ! r$/>t & ! common wagtail1 hav+ v /rong po9ts ( resemblance ) bo?4 ,its l5g? is five in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail occupies two & a qu>t]4 ,! beak is %>p & blacki%1 yell[ at ! angles2 ! iris is br[n2 ! %anks are f\rte5 l9es high1 ( a r$di% br[n1 & ! toes blacki%2 ! head1 ! back1 & ! w+-cov]ts are a%y br[n1 mottl$ ) a d>k] t9t2 a r$di% :ite l9e passes above ! eyes2 ! *eeks are d>k br[n1 spott$ ) ru/ r$1 & edg$ at ! side ) deep a% grey2 a brilliant sky blue cov]s ! ?roat & half way d[n ! brea/2 ?is is set (f by a spot ( ! mo/ dazzl+ :ite1 ! size ( a pea1 plac$ precisely ov] ! gullet1 :i*1 enl>g+ & dim9i%+ successively1 by ! movem5t ( ?is "p :5 ! bird s+s1 produces ! mo/ beautiful effect4 ,"s males h two little :ite spots on ! ?roat1 "s ev5 h ?ree1 :ile o!rs h none2 ^! latt] are probably v old1 = ,i h obs]v$ t z ! bird gr[s old] ! blue deep5s1 & ! orange b& becomes almo/ m>oon4 ,x is easy to di/+ui% ! female2 :5 "y %e has a cele/ial blue t9t on ! sides ( ! ?roat2 ?is t9t deep5s ) age1 & =ms two longitud9al l9es on ! sides ( ! neck2 no orange b&2 ! ?roat & gullet are yell[i% blue1 edg$ longitud9ally ) a black l9e2 ! feet are fle%-col\r$4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ?is species exi/s all ov] ,europe#id4 ,x is a bird ( passage1 & :5 return+ t[>ds ! nor?1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 x /ops 9 l>ge flights ne> /reams1 9 h$ges1 & damp fields1 comes ev5 into c\rts1 & on ! dunghills ( f>ms1 if surpris$ by sn[ & a sev]e return ( cold4 ,9 ! summ] x frequ5ts ^? p>ts among ! m\nta9s ab\nd+ ) wat]2 9 ,augu/ x approa*es cabbage fields enclos$ by h$ges or bu%es4 ,x is v seldom t "o or two pairs build 9 our c\ntry4 ,9 conf9em5t x may be let run ab\t2 x soon gr[s s tame z to come :5 call$1 & fe$ f ! h&4 ,its rapid motions & races are amus+2 b x mu/ n be all[$ to fly high en\gh to get on ! tables & furniture1 z x w\ld soon dirty !m4 ,x s+s bett] & long] :5 cag$4 ,! cage %\ld be1 l ! night+ale's1 l>ge en\gh = ! bird n to spoil its beautiful fea!rs2 ! tail-fea!rs easily drop if !y are rubb$4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ! blue-brea/ fe$s on all sorts ( insects2 x also eats eld]b]ries4 ,9 conf9em5t x mu/ at fir/ be f$ ) ants' eggs1 meal-worms1 & ev5 "s e>?-worms4 ,if x is kept uncag$ ^! ?+s mu/ be ?r[n ^u ! univ]sal pa/e1 :i* x w ?us le>n to reli%2 b ?\gh x is easily reconcil$ to x1 ants' eggs1 e>? & meal-worms1 mu/ nev]!less be occasionally suppli$1 or x w soon die 9 decl9e4 ,:5 cag$ x is f$ l night+ales1 & on t food x w live sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,x is a great eat]1 & c dev\r 9 a day its own weight ( ! fir/ univ]sal pa/e1 s t x mutes incessantly4 ,x requires a con/ant supply ( fre% wat] = dr9k+ & ba?+3 x wets itself s mu* t x is completely dr5*$4 ,i h obs]v$ = sev]al successive ye>s t x nev] ba!s till ! aft]noon#ie4 ,,diseases4--,di>rhoea & decl9e are its commone/ disord]s4 ,! treatm5t has be5 po9t$ out 9 ! ,introduction4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,i (t5 he> x said t ! blue-brea/ is a r>e bird2 t 9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many x appe>s only e five1 or ev5 t51 ye>s1 b ,i c decl>e t ?is op9ion arises f a want ( obs]vation4 ,s9ce ,i h taught my neighb\rs to be m att5tive to ! "t ( _! passage1 !y e ye> cat* z _m z !y please4 ,if 9 ! fir/ =tnight ( ,april1 up to ! #bj?1 cold & sn[ return1 pl5ty may be f\nd by m]ely foll[+ ! /reams1 riv]s1 & ponds1 especially 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a wood4 ,a prop] place is *os51 ne> ! wat] & a bu%1 meal & e>? worms are ?r[n !re1 ) lim$ twigs1 & soon ^! poor birds1 if ev] s little pu%$ t[>ds x fall bl9dly into ! sn>e2 !y also fall into :ite-?roat traps & night+ale nets4 ,9 autumn1 :5 !y frequ5t cabbage gr\nds to hunt = cat]pill>s1 pl5ty may be caught by plant+ "h & !re /icks ) lim$ twigs fa/5$ to !m1 bait$ ) meal-worms4 ,at ?is season !y sometimes g to ! wat] trap1 b ?is is n usual4 ,if x happ5s t any are caught 9 nooses or spr+ traps bait$ ) eld]b]ries1 hung] mu/ h be5 ! cause1 & !y mu/ h be5 entirely de/itute ( food4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its beauty1 sprightl9ess1 sociability1 & song1 unite 9 r5d]+ ! blue-brea/ delightful4 ,x runs v swiftly1 raises its tail ) a j]k1 & ext5ds x l a fan1 keep+ x & ! w+s 9 p]petual motion1 utt]+ ! cry ( fide1 fide & tac1 tac4 ,x is un=tunate t x gradually loses ! f9e blue on ! brea/ 9 successive m\lt+s1 :5 conf9$ to ! h\se1 & becomes at l5g? ( a :iti% grey4 ,9 a few days x w become tame en\gh to eat meal-worms f ! h&1 & x w n be long be=e x comes = !m :5 call$ by ! voice or :i/le4 ,its song is v agreeable2 x s\nds l two voices at once2 "o deep1 resembl+ ! g5tle humm+ ( a viol9 /r+1 ! o!r ! s(t s\nd ( a flute4 ,:5 at lib]ty 9 ! room x always seeks ! sun%9e1 & sleeps on its belly4 ,its notes v mu* resemble ^? ( ! common wagtail1 b mu* improv$ by a viol9-l hum4 ,,! ,,common ,,wagtail4 ,illu/ration ,motacilla alba1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,lav&ire1 ,,buffon2 ,die weisse ,ba*/elze1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! old _w1 is sev5 in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures ?ree & a half4 ,! beak1 five l9es long1 is black1 & v po9t$2 ! iris is d>k2 ! %anks1 an in* 9 height1 are sl5d]1 & black2 ! upp] "p ( ! head1 z f> z ! nape1 is black1 b ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body1 ! sides ( ! brea/1 & less] w+-cov]ts1 are blui% a% grey2 ! =ehead1 *eeks1 & sides ( ! neck are :ite z sn[2 ! ?roat1 z f> z ! middle ( ! brea/1 is black4 ,! female is )\t ! :ite =ehead & *eeks1 ! black top to ! head be+ some:at small]4 ,"s females h be5 f\nd ) v little ( ! black cap1 & ev5 )\t x1 ! head !n be+ ( ! same col\r z ! back4 ,! "y ones1 :i* are se5 9 l>ge flocks ) ! yell[ wagtail ar\nd h]ds ( cattle1 are s diff]5t be=e ! fir/ m\lt+1 t !y h be5 consid]$ a di/9ct species1 "u ! "n ( ! grey wagtail 7,motacilla c9]ea74 ,9 fact1 ! :ole ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is grey1 m or less pale2 ! ?roat & belly dusky :ite2 ! brea/ is g5]ally cross$ by a b&1 sometimes entire1 sometimes brok51 ( a grey or br[ni% col\r1 & ! quill-fea!rs are :iti% on ! out] edge4 ,x is n surpris+ to f9d v>ieties among/ birds s num]\s4 ,"s are q :ite1 o!rs v>iegat$1 or speckl$ ) :ite4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is f\nd equally ne> h\ses1 9 ! fields & m\nta9s1 & 9 e place :]e insects & worms are 9 pl5ty4 ,x is 9 ,g]many a bird ( passage1 :i* assembles 9 autumn on ! tiles1 l ! swall[1 to prep>e = its dep>ture 9 ! fir/ =tnight ( ,octob]#if4 ,x returns t[>ds ! end ( ,febru>y or beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 ?\gh ! wea!r be n mild2 x may come ?us e>ly )\t dang]1 z x does n fe> to approa* h\ses1 on ! walls ( :i* x f9ds flies t ! spr+ sun has drawn f _! retreat2 & 9 ! /reams x also f9ds abundance ( aquatic insects4 ,9 ! h\se x may be kept 9 a cage1 or all[$ to range2 b 9 ei!r case x is necess>y to scatt] pl5ty ( s& ab\t1 z x is a v dirty little bird4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 x fe$s on gnats1 wat]-spid]s1 aquatic insects1 flies1 & insects t fa/5 on cattle1 r\nd :i* x (t5 roams4 ,x also foll[s ! pl\ghman to fe$ on ! insects turn$ up by ! pl\gh4 ,9 ! h\se no?+ tames x s soon z ants' eggs1 meal-worms1 flies1 & o!r insects4 ,by degrees x acquires a ta/e = o!r food4 ,9 ! cage x mu/ be f$ 9 ! same mann] z ! night+ale4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species bre$s two or ?ree times 9 ! c\rse ( ! season4 ,its ne/1 plac$ 9 a hole1 9 a crevice betwe5 /ones1 or ev5 "u a tile1 is c>elessly =m$ ( moss1 small roots1 hay1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 & l9$ ) hair & wool4 ,x lays five or six eggs1 ( a blui% :ite1 spott$ ) black4 ,! "y ones br\ght up f ! ne/ become s tame1 t !y w g & return l a pigeon1 build 9 ! room1 & seek = food = _! little ones 9 ! fields4 ,,diseases4--,?\gh v subject to di>rhoea1 ?is & ! two foll[+ species may be pres]v$ 9 a room five or six ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,if !re is sn[ on ! gr\nd on _! return 9 ,m>*1 x is only necess>y to cle> a place 7bel[ ! w9d[ w d71 & scatt] meal-worms among/ lim$ twigs1 or place ^! on /ones or wood :]e ! birds assemble1 or ev5 fa/5 a meal-worm to a lim$ twig1 loosely /uck 9 ! e>?1 & y may soon cat* a wagtail4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its h&some plumage1 its sprightl9ess1 its quick & elegant motions1 please "o z mu* z its pretty song1 :i*1 )\t be+ /rik+1 is v>i$1 & cont9ues ! :ole ye>1 except dur+ m\lt+4 ,i always keep a wagtail among/ my birds1 & :5 ! blackcap1 ! blue-brea/1 ! l>k1 & ! l9net s+1 x seems to =m a c\nt]-t5or4 ,,! ,,grey ,,wagtail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,grey ,,wagtail4 ,motacilla ,bo>ula1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,b]g]onette1 ,,buffon2 ,die graue ,ba*/elze1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is beautiful species1 l ! prec$+1 is sev5 in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail alone measures f\r4 ,! beak is black2 ! iris br[n2 ! legs1 n9e l9es high1 d>k fle%-col\r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body1 includ+ ! less] w+-cov]ts1 d>k a%-grey2 ! head slightly t9t$ ) olive1 & ! rump a f9e yell[ gre52 !re is a :ite /reak above ! eyes1 & ano!r1 beg9n+ at ! inf]ior base ( ! beak1 desc5ds ! sides ( ! neck1 :il/ a black /reak ext5ds f ! sup]ior base z f> z ! eyes2 ! *9 & ?roat are black1 b ! brea/ & "u "p ( ! body are ( ! f9e/ yell[4 ,! ?roat ( ! female is n black1 b pale orange2 h] col\rs are g5]ally less bright4 ,males a ye> or two old are )\t ! f9e black ?roat2 x is cl\d$ ) :ite4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate1 ^! wagtails are f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe2 b 9 ! greate/ numb] 9 m\nta9\s & wood$ p>ts1 :]e ! brooks fl[ ov] b$s ( pebbles4 ,!y are birds ( passage1 & return among/ u ! end ( ,febru>y or beg9n+ ( ,m>*4 ,a few h be5 obs]v$ to rema9 dur+ mild w9t]s1 :5 !y take up _! abode ne> dunghills or w>m spr+s4 ,9 ! h\se !y %\ld be kept 9 a night+ale's cage1 & treat$ l "o2 !y are s delicate1 t ) ! greate/ c>e !y c r>ely be pres]v$ two ye>s4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y pref] aquatic insects1 & are cont9ually *as+ !m among ! plants & /ones by ! wat]-side4 ,9 ! h\se !y %\ld be f$ on ! same food z ! night+ale1 to :i* !y may be gradually accu/om$1 by ?r[+ among/ x meal-worms & ants' eggs4 ,,bre$+4--,_! ne/s1 plac$ by ! wat]-side1 9 mill-dikes1 or heaps ( /ones1 are =m$ ) r m art ?an ^? ( ! prec$+ species4 ,!y beg9 to lay z e>ly z ,m>*1 five or six :ite eggs1 mottl$ ) fle%-col\r4 ,! "y ones mu/ be re>$ on ants' eggs & ! crumb ( :ite bread1 soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is v simple2 x is only to plant /icks ) lim$ twigs & meal-worms atta*$ to !m1 on ! banks1 or 9 ! middle ( a /ream :i* !y frequ5t2 y w n h to wait long be=e "s are caught4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,!y are z pleas+ z ! common wagtail2 b _! plumage is m brilliant1 & _! voice /rong]4 ,_! beautiful cle> trill+ s\nd r5d]s _! song agreeable1 ?\gh r %ort4 ,,! ,,yell[ ,,wagtail4 ,motacilla flava1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,b]g]onette du pr9temps1 ,,buffon2 ,die gelbe ,ba*/elze1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is might almo/ be mi/ak5 = ! female ( ! prec$+ species2 b x is small]1 or r %ort]1 z its tail is n s long1 measur+ only two in*es & a half4 ,! total l5g? ( ?is bird is six in*es & a half2 ! beak is dusky2 ! iris nut br[n2 ! %anks t5 l9es high1 & black2 ! upp] "p ( ! body r$di% grey1 ) a decid$ olive t9t1 :i* on ! rump becomes a can>y gre52 ! head incl9es m to grey ?an gre51 & above ! eyes is a r$di% :ite /reak2 ! "u "p ( ! body is ( a f9e yell[1 :i* becomes citron f age1 & is pale/ at ! ?roat & brea/4 ,! back ( ! female is grey]2 ! belly ( a less beautiful yell[2 ! ?roat :iti%1 &1 ) ! brea/ z f> z ! belly1 spott$ ) r$ or ru/ col\r1 9 ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild1 ?is species1 bett] kn[n ?an ! prec$+1 is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! pla9s ( ,europe1 runn+ ab\t ! pa/ures among/ ! %eep & cattle4 ,!y assemble 9 ,septemb]1 & dep>t = w>m] c\ntries 9 l>ge flights1 utt]+ ! cry sipp1 sipp6 9 a cle> tone2 !y return 9 ,m>*4 ,x mu/ be treat$ l ! grey wagtail1 9 ! h\se2 b x is n s delicate4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on flies & o!r insects t tease ! cattle4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be f$ l ! prec$+4 ,,bre$+4--,its ne/1 made ( /ubble1 & l9$ ) wool1 is plac$ at ! wat]-side1 or 9 a des]t$ mole-hill1 sometimes 9 ! grass1 or corn1 l ! l>k's4 ,x bre$s twice 9 ! ye>1 ea* "t lay+ five or six eggs1 grey-blue1 spott$ all ov] ) r$di% grey1 & v l ^? describ$ above4 ,! "u p>ts ( ! "y birds are mu* pal] ?an 9 ! old ones4 ,!y mu/ be re>$ on ants' eggs & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds are n v easily caught2 at lea/1 ,i h always f\nd x v difficult to succe$2 &1 !re=e1 "o is r$uc$ to ! necessity ( plac+ lim$ twigs on ! ne/1 :i* is cruel4 ,if sn[ %\ld fall1 h[ev]1 aft] _! return 9 spr+1 "s ( !m may be tak51 by cle>+ a conv5i5t place1 & scatt]+ !re meal-worms among/ lim$ twigs1 if y succe$ 9 br++ ! birds ne>4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its beauty & agreeable song make ?is bird a desirable acquisition2 b ) e possible att5tion1 ,i h nev] be5 able to keep "o m ?an two ye>s4 ,,! ,,:eate>4 ,illu/ration ,motacilla ,o,enanthe1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',o,enanthe1 ou ,le ,culblanc1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,weiss*wanz1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird1 f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe & ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,asia1 resembles ! wagtail 9 size & air2 b its tail be+ only an in* & t5 l9es1 its total l5g? is only five in*es & a half4 ,! beak1 sev5 l9es long1 is black1 z well z ! iris & feet2 ! %anks are an in* high2 ! =ehead :ite1 & a :ite /reak passes above ! eyes1 cross$ by a black l9e spr++ f ! no/rils1 :i* also t9ts ! *eeks2 all ! upp] p>ts ( ! body & ! scapul>s are ( a light a%-grey col\r1 slightly t+$ ) a r$di% hue4 ,! back ( ! female is r$di% grey1 & ! "u p>ts ( ! body d>k] ?an 9 ! male2 ! less] w+-cov]ts are edg$ ) ru/-r$1 & ! :ite ( ! tail is n s cle> z 9 ! male1 b is ( a r$di% t9t4 ,! "y ones1 be=e m\lt+1 are spott$ ) r$ on a d>k br[n gr\nd1 on ! upp] "p ( ! body2 on ! "u speckl$ ) orange & black4 ,aft] m\lt+1 bo? males & females reta9 = ano!r ye> ! col\r ( ! female on ! back1 t is to say1 r$di% grey4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ?is species frequ5ts /ony & m\nta9\s places2 &1 dur+ _! migration1 !y may be se5 re/+ 9 ! fields1 on ! tops ( isolat$ /akes1 & o!r simil> places2 r>ely on trees or bu%es4 ,!y take _! dep>ture dur+ ! fir/ =tnight 9 ,septemb]1 & return t[>ds ! middle ( ,april1 :5 :ite fro/s cease4 ,9 ! h\se ^! birds mu/ be kept 9 night+ales' cages1 or %ut up beh9d a grat+1 & n suff]$ to range until accu/om$ 9 _! prison to _! new food2 =1 unless tak5 good c>e ( at fir/1 !y w soon die4 ,!y c r>ely be tam$4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y fe$ on flies & o!r insects1 :i* !y cat* z !y run along4 ,9 ! h\se !y mu/ be giv5 pl5ty ( meal-worms & ants' eggs z soon z !y are tak52 =1 if n f$ pr(usely1 !y w die1 & :at is r a/oni%+1 ( di>rhoea1 al?\gh !y h n eat5 any ( ! common h\se-food4 ,aft]w>ds !y may be f$ on night+ales' food1 & occasionally on :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk2 yet1 ) e att5tion1 !y c r>ely be pres]v$ m ?an two ye>s4 ,,bre$+4--,_! ne/s1 =m$ ( /alks ( grass & fea!rs1 are g5]ally plac$ 9 ! crevices ( "s /one-qu>ry1 sometimes 9 holes on ! banks ( /reams or riv]s1 or 9 an empty mole-hill1 or ev5 on a heap ( /ones4 ,!y lay f five to six eggs1 ( a gre5i% :ite4 ,to re> ! "y ones1 !y mu/ be tak5 :5 half-fl$g$1 & f$ on ants' eggs & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,lim$ twigs mu/ be plac$ on ! /ones or /akes :]e ^! birds re/1 or ev5 on /icks fix$ 9 ! gr\nd = ! purpose1 & !y mu/ be driv5 g5tly t[>ds ! sn>es4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,no "o w\ld take ! tr\ble to tame a full-gr[n :eate>1 unless passionately fond ( keep+ birds4 ,i h "o1 t1 by ! use ( pl5ty ( fre% ants' eggs1 has be5 accu/om$ to range ! room4 ,its plumage is pleas+1 its actions graceful2 x is cont9ually wav+ & spread+ its f9e tail4 ,its song is passable1 b is int]rupt$ e n[ & !n by a k9d ( scream4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,:eate>4 ,! pres5t int]e/+ species g5]ally arrives 9 ?is c\ntry ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*1 & leaves x aga9 ! latt] end ( ,septemb] or ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 ?\gh ,i "o ye> saw a pair 9 ,hyde ,p>k z late z ! #ag? ( ,novemb]4 ,9 a wild /ate !y are g5]ally to be f\nd on d[ns & commons1 & 9 ,sussex "s hundr$ doz5s are caught annually by ! %eph]ds1 :o sell !m = ! sake ( _! fle%1 :i* is v delici\s1 p>ticul>ly 9 autumn1 :5 !y become v fat4 ,?is is a v int]e/+ bird 9 conf9em5t1 & is almo/ cont9ually s++2 x w also s+ by night z well z by day1 if !re is a light 9 ! room :]e x is kept2 x has a v pleasant1 v>iable1 & agreeable song1 diff]5t f all o!r birds1 :i*1 9 conf9em5t1 x cont9ues all ! w9t]4 ,:5 a pair ( !m are kept toge!r 9 a l>ge cage or avi>y1 x is v amus+ to see !m at play ) ea* o!r1 fly+ up & d[n1 & spread+ op5 _! long w+s 9 a curi\s mann]1 danc+ & s++ at ! same "t4 ,i h v little d\bt b a "y bird1 br\ght up f ! ne/1 might be taught to talk1 z !y are v imitative4 ,:5 wild ! pres5t species fe$s entirely on insects1 s t ! m x has giv5 x :5 9 conf9em5t1 ! bett]4 ,!re are v few sorts ( insects t x w refuse1 except ! common e>?-worm2 small beetles1 cockroa*es1 crickets1 gras%opp]s1 mo/ sorts ( cat]pill>s1 butt]flies1 mo?s1 e>wigs1 woodlice1 ! common maggots1 & almo/ all o!r sorts ( insects x is v fond (1 & ! m t is giv5 x1 ! f9] w be its song4 ,its common food is bruis$ hemp-se$ & bread1 int]mix$ ) fre%1 raw1 lean meat2 also a little ( ! yolk ( an egg boil$ h>d occasionally = a *ange4 ,,! ,,:9*at4 ,montacilla ,rubetra1 ,l9nu2 ,le ,t>i]1 ou ,le ,gr& ,traquet1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,braunkehlig] ,/e9s*mtz]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is a delicate bird t is met ) ?r\gh\t ,europe1 among scatt]$ bu%es & abrupt declivities4 ,x is f\r in*es t5 l9es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures an in* & a half4 ,! beak is black1 z also ! legs1 :i* are n9e l9es high2 ! upp] p>ts ( ! body are dusky1 9 v old birds black1 b /reak$ ) pale ru/-r$1 z all ! fea!rs are edg$ ) ?is col\r2 a :ite l9e1 beg9n+ at ! no/rils1 passes above ! eyes z f> z ! e>s2 ! *eeks are dusky1 spott$ ) *e/nut2 ! ?roat & brea/ are yell[1 incl9+ to orange1 ! =m] edg$ ) :ite on ! sides & *94 ,! col\rs are pal] 9 ! female1 ! /reak above ! eyes is yell[i%2 ! upp] "p ( ! body d>k br[n1 spott$ ) ru/2 ! *eeks d>k br[n2 ! ?roat r$di%-:ite2 ! brea/ pale orange1 ) small r\nd1 black & br[n spots1 :i* gradually disappe> f age4 ,^! birds v>y till ! ?ird ye>4 ,! "y ones1 :i* may be se5 p]*$ on cabbages & o!r plants1 ev5 on /rong :eat /alks1 h ! :ole ( ! upp] "p ( ! body cov]$ ) r$ & blacki% spots1 & ea* fea!r edg$ ) ?is col\r be=e ! fir/ m\lt+2 ! "u "p ( ! body is l ! female4 ,i kill$ two 9 _! second ye>1 t /ill _h dusky spots on ! brea/1 ?\gh !y _h become d>k] on ! back2 9 g5]al1 ! two sexes may be di/+ui%$ by ! deep br[n ( ! *eeks & back4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild !y g5]ally frequ5t ! skirts ( woods4 ,!y appe> among/ u ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 & dep>t t[>ds ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,9 ,augu/ !y may be se5 scatt]$ ov] ! fields1 on ! /alks ( plants1 or deta*$ bu%es4 ,9 ! h\se !y mu/ be kept 9 a night+ale's cage4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/1 con/ruct$ ( dri$ grass mix$ ) moss1 l9$ ) hair & fea!rs1 is commonly plac$ 9 a tuft ( grass 9 ! middle ( a mead[ or or*>d4 ,! females lay five or six eggs1 ( a f9e light blue4 ,"y ones re>$ on ants' eggs succe$ mu* bett] ?an ^? tak5 full gr[n4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 spr+1 :5 "s ( ^! birds are se5 9 a field or mead[1 /icks1 furni%$ ) lim$ twigs1 %\ld be /uck !re1 & ! birds g5tly driv5 to t side1 to induce !m to settle1 :i* !y w soon d4 ,9 summ]1 ! noose1 spr+-trap1 & lim$ twigs1 mu/ be employ$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,if ! noose is us$1 a /ake mu/ be set up1 ab\t ?ree feet high1 slit at ! top to put 9 crossways a /ick ?ree in*es long1 & ! noose is plac$ an in* & a half above1 to be ( ! height ( ! bird's brea/ :5 x is p]*$ on ! /ick4 ,if lim$ twigs are us$1 =k$ swit*es ?ree feet long %\ld be employ$3 ! =k1 f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 mu/ be cov]$ ) bird-lime4 ,spr+-traps or g9s mu/ be susp5d$ to small /akes or cabbage /alks4 ,z soon z a suffici5t numb] ( ^! spr+-traps1 sn>es1 & lim$ twigs1 are prep>$1 !y mu/ be c>ri$ to a cabbage g>d51 :5 a numb] ( ^! :9*ats has be5 se52 !re fix ! /akes 9 cross l9es1 two or ?ree paces ap>t2 !n g to ! end ( ! g>d5 & drive ! birds g5tly t[>ds ! sn>es2 !y jump f "o cabbage /alk to ano!r till !y approa* ! /akes2 !n y /op1 & 9 a %ort "t ! birds are caught "o aft] ano!r4 ,:5 !y are caught1 ! prison]s mu/ be tak5 out & ! sn>es arrang$ aga92 !n g to ! o!r end & aga9 drive ! birds =w>d z be=e1 & ?us cont9ue till ! sport is ov]4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,h[ev] gay ?is bird may appe> :5 free1 x becomes sad & melan*oly 9 ! h\se4 ,if p]mitt$ to range1 x only moves to procure food1 & !n returns to its accu/om$ place1 & keeps its head sunk on its brea/4 ,its pleas+ song v mu* resembles ! goldf9*'s2 b :at makes x m admir$1 is1 t x is n only he>d dur+ ! day1 b also 9 ! ev5+1 & sometimes dur+ ! night4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,:9*at4 ,?is pretty species is also kn[n by ! "n ( ,furze ,*at1 & is v (t5 conf\nd$ ) ! /one*at1 :i* is a v diff]5t species4 ,x g5]ally visits ?is c\ntry 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 & leaves u t[>ds ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,all ! =e "p ( ! season x visits commons1 :]e x may be se5 on ! furze bu%es1 fly+ backw>ds & =w>ds aft] ! insects t pass4 ,x builds its ne/ on ! gr\nd 9 a ?icket1 :i* x cov]s up ) dry grass1 s t x is impossible to f9d x )\t wat*+ ! old ones1 ei!r 9 c>ry+ mat]ials to build1 or food to _! "y4 ,i h g5]ally f\nd !m ) six or sev5 "y ones1 :i*1 ) c>e1 are easily br$ up f ! ne/1 keep+ !m w>m1 dry1 & clean1 & fe$+ !m ) ! same sorts ( food z recomm5d$ = ! old ones2 !y %\ld n be tak5 till q fl$g$1 & %\ld at fir/ be plac$ 9 a little basket ) cov]s1 z !y w !n readily op5 _! m\?s = food4 ,i consid] ^? re>$ f ! ne/ mu* ! be/1 or su* z are caught v "y1 z !y may !n be taught any tune1 or w le>n ! song ( any bird !y he>1 _! own song n be+ a v good "o4 ,?is bird may be consid]$ z "o ( ! t5d]e/ ( ! tribe1 be+ v susceptible ( cold4 ,x is "o ( my greate/ fav\rites4 ,"o t ,i br$ f ! ne/ by h&1 le>nt ! song ( ! :ite-?roat1 ! r$/>t1 will[-wr51 night+ale1 & also t ( a missel-?ru%1 :i* x frequ5tly he>d s++ 9 a g>d5 ne> by2 ( ?is latt] song x 0 s fond1 t we 7 frequ5tly oblig$ to put our fav\rite out ( ! room1 n be+ able to be> its l\d notes2 x 0 c]ta9ly ! be/ bird ,i ev] kept ( any k9d1 s++ ne>ly ! :ole ye> ?r\gh1 & v>y+ its song cont9ually2 ! only fault 0 its /rong voice4 ,at la/1 our fav\rite 0 turn$ out ( its cage by a mis*iev\s s]vant on a cold w9t] day1 :5 we 7 f home = ab\t an h\r1 & we c\ld n entice x back2 x mo/ probably di$ ( ! cold1 or took its flight to a w>m] region4 ,i sc>cely ent]ta9 any hopes ( ev] gett+ su* ano!r2 ! food ( ! pres5t species is precisely ! same z ! la/4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,/one*at4 ,?is1 l ! prec$+1 is g5]ally to be f\nd on hills & commons1 h>b\r+ *iefly among/ ! furze bu%es1 & fe$s1 z f> z ,i h obs]v$1 entirely on insects4 ,x is n s t5d] z ! :9*at1 "s few ( !m occasionally /opp+ 9 ?is c\ntry all ! w9t]4 ,x fe$s1 :5 wild1 on small beetles1 flies1 z also all sorts ( butt]flies1 mo?s1 cat]pill>s1 woodlice1 & v>i\s o!r insects4 ,9 conf9em5t _! food mu/ be ! same z ! :9*at's4 ,!y soon become v tame1 & if br$ up f ! ne/ w le>n ! notes ( o!r birds1 :i* are 9 g5]al bett] ?an _! own4 ,_! own song1 ?\gh l\d1 is v %ort1 b !y h a /rong voice to repeat ! notes ( ano!r bird4 ,,! ,,:ite-,,?roat4 ,illu/ration ,sylvia c9]ea1 ,,be*/e92 ,le ,fauvette grise ou ,grisette1 ,,buffon2 ,die geme9e ,grasmcke1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is five in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,! beak1 five l9es long1 is dusky above & greyi% b5ea?1 ) ! corn]s & int]ior ( ! ?roat yell[2 ! iris is greyi% br[n2 ! %anks are br[ni% fle%-col\r$1 & t5 l9es high2 ! head is a%-grey3 ! *eeks1 neck1 back1 rump1 tail-cov]ts & less] w+-cov]ts1 are also a%-grey1 b t+$ ) br[n1 deep] on ! back ?an else:]e2 ! ?roat & belly are f9e :ite4 ,! female1 r small] & light]1 ru/-col\r$ on ! w+s1 has n a f9e :ite ?roat l ! male4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ! :ite-?roat is spread ?r\gh ,europe4 ,!y leave u ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 & are !n obs]v$ to retire f bu% to bu%1 & f h$ge to h$ge4 ,!y reappe> t[>ds ! middle ( ,april1 flutt]+ ab\t ! bu%es 9 ! fields1 ! brambles1 ?ickets1 und]wood ( ! l[ m\nta9s1 & ! or*>ds1 runn+ ab\t v swiftly4 ,9 ! h\se !y mu/ be treat$ 9 ! same mann] z ! fauvette2 b !y are mu* m delicate4 ,an amateur _h bett] re> "y birds1 & treat !m l night+ales4 ,x is ! only way to keep !m _m ye>s4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ^! birds are con/antly seek+ among ! bu%es = all k9ds ( insects1 grubs1 & especially small cat]pill>s4 ,:51 f ! air becom+ cool]1 ! supply ( ?is sort ( food less5s1 !y imm$iately sub/itute = x currants1 *]ries1 & eld]b]ries4 ,9 ! h\se !y mu/ be f$1 z we said be=e1 on night+ales' food4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be giv51 occasionally1 b>ley meal & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk2 b ?is food alone w n agree ) !m1 = !y w ^u x gradually lose _! fea!rs1 till at l5g? !y become q b>e4 ,x is a good ?+ 9 summ] to give !m eld]b]ries1 ?\gh !y may be r$1 & 9 w9t] dri$ ones1 aft] soak+ !m 9 wat]4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ is =m$ ( small grass /ems & moss1 & l9$ ) horse-hair4 ,x is plac$ 9 a ?ick bu%1 ne> ! gr\nd1 or among roots at ! wat] side1 sometimes ev5 9 tufts ( grass4 ,! eggs1 f f\r to six 9 numb]1 are gre5i% :ite1 spott$ ) olive gre51 & speckl$ at ! l>ge end ) d>k a%-grey4 ,! "y leave ! ne/ s soon t x is difficult to take !m f x4 ,_! fir/ plumage resembles full-gr[n ones1 & ! females may be kn[n by ! fa9t] t9t ( fawn br[n ) :i* ! w+-fea!rs are edg$4 ,i h re>$ !m easily on ants' eggs4 ,!y soon le>n to peck alone1 & are tol]ably satisfi$ ) bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk2 b to keep !m long 9 heal? !y mu/ be f$ 9 ! same mann] z ! night+ale4 ,!y are pretty1 engag+ birds1 ?us re>$1 becom+ s tame t !y w p]* & s+ on ! f+]4 ,,diseases4--,^! are ! same z ^? ( ! blackcap1 :i* may be ref]r$ to4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! easie/ way is to place lim$ twigs on ! ne/1 b ?is is repugnant to p]sons n cruel4 ,t[>ds ! end ( summ]1 spr+-traps may be set1 ) eld]b]ries & gooseb]ries hung ne> !m4 ,x is difficult to take ^! birds at ! wat]-trap4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?is bird1 gay1 lively1 & con/antly 9 motion1 is a pleas+ object 9 ! c\ntry4 ,its song1 prolong$ f> into ! night1 consi/s ( sev]al /ra9s1 :i* rapidly succe$ ea* o!r1 b mu/ be ne> = all its beauties to be di/+ui%$1 s9ce ! s(t l[ tones are only occasionally int]rupt$ by l\d] notes1 :i* are %rill & foll[ quickly "o aft] ! o!r4 ,! bird rises 9 ! air z x s+s1 z if to be bett] he>d1 circles r\nd z x ceases1 & s9ks aga9 into its bu%4 ,its call is a l\d tze4 ,:5 ! :ite-?roat is alone 9 a room1 its song appe>s v melodi\s4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,:ite-,,?roat4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ delightful & pleas+ birds t c be imag9$4 ,if kept 9 a l>ge cage ) o!r birds x is s full ( antics1 9 fly+ & frisk+ ab\t1 & erect+ its cre/1 g5]ally s++ all ! "t1 c]ta9ly no?+ c be m amus+4 ,x is also q z h>dy z ! blackcap1 & if a good "o be procur$1 x is little inf]ior 9 song3 b 9 ?is !y v>y consid]ably1 ! wild ones z well z ^? 9 a cage4 ,i h n[ "o 9 my possession t ,i h _h ab\t elev5 ye>s1 9 z good heal?1 & s++ z well z ev]2 & c]ta9ly no song ne$ be l\d]1 sweet]1 or m v>i$4 ,x is ( ! same temp] z a night+ale1 nev] suff]+ itself to be outdone4 ,x w inde$ s+ = h\rs toge!r aga9/ a night+ale1 n[ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y1 & x w n suff] itself to be outdone2 :5 ! night+ale raises its voice1 x also does ! same1 & tries its utmo/ to get above x2 sometimes 9 ! mid/ ( its song x w run up to ! night+ale1 & /ret* out its neck z if 9 defiance1 & :i/le z l\d z x c1 />+ x 9 ! face2 if ! night+ale attempts to peck x1 away x is 9 an in/ant fly+ r\nd ! avi>y1 & s++ all ! "t4 ,9 a wild /ate1 ! pres5t species is g5]ally to be f\nd 9 h$ges & g>d5s1 & is ! mo/ common ( our ,briti% w>bl]s1 visit+ u ! beg9n+ or middle ( ,april1 & leav+ u t[>ds ! end ( ,septemb]2 sometimes a solit>y "o may be se5 9 ,octob]1 b n frequ5tly4 ,x is p>ticul>ly fond ( flies1 or a rose-bran* cov]$ ) aphides w please x v mu*4 ,,! ,,babill>d4 ,sylvia curruca1 ,,be*/e92 ,motacilla dumetorum1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,fauvette babill>de1 ,,buffon2 ,das ,mll]*51 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird some:at resembles ! :ite-?roat1 b is small]1 & has less ru/ col\r on ! w+s4 ,x is five in*es long1 ! tail measur+ m ?an two4 ,! beak is five l9es 9 l5g?1 v po9t$1 black above1 & blui% bel[2 ! iris has two r+s1 ! out] "o pale yell[1 ! inn] a brilliant gold5 yell[2 ! %anks1 sev5 l9es high1 are rav5 black2 ! head & rump are d>k a% grey2 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body is grey1 ) a r$di% t9t2 ! *eeks & ! "p beh9d ! e>s are d>k] ?an ! head2 ! ?roat & "u "p ( ! body are :ite1 b ! sides ( ! brea/ are t+$ ) r$di% grey1 & ^? ( ! belly ) r$di% br[n4 ,! birds mu/ be be=e y to be able to di/+ui% ! two sexes2 y c !n only p]ceive t ! head ( ! female is ( a light] col\r1 & ! feet r blue ?an black4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ?is species is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 except ! nor?4 ,x is common 9 ! h$ges 9 ,g]many1 disappe>+ 9 ,septemb]1 & return+ ! middle ( ,april4 ,its ta/e = currants (t5 draws x to ! g>d5 h$ge4 ,x is n v (t5 se5 9 "y coppice wood1 sc>cely ev] on trees#ig1 cont9ually on l[ bu%es4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be lodg$ l ! fauvette1 & tak5 ! same c>e (2 x is s delicate1 t :5 tak5 r old x c r>ely be pres]v$4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x is ! same z ! prec$+ species4 ,9 ! h\se ^! birds _c be kept long1 unless f$ on night+ales' food1 m+l$ ) ants' eggs & meal-worms4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ is g5]ally f\nd on a ?ick gooseb]ry bu%1 or :ite-?orn1 & on "y fir trees 9 fir woods4 ,x is =m$ ( co>se dri$ grass1 l9$ ) small roots mix$ ) hogs' bri/les4 ,!re are five or six eggs1 :ite1 spott$ at ! l>ge end ) grey & yell[ br[n 9 a circle4 ,! female's atta*m5t to h] brood may be kn[n f h] dropp+ f h] ne/ almo/ fa9t+ z soon z any "o approa*es1 utt]+ anxi\s cries1 flutt]+ on ! gr\nd1 & sl[ly retir+ f ! ne/4 ,sc>cely are ! "y ones fl$g$1 :51 if look$ at1 !y w d>t l an arr[ f ! ne/1 & run & hide !mselves among ! bu%es4 ,if y wi% to re> !m1 !y mu/ be tak5 z ,i h direct$ = ! fauvette1 rememb]+ t ! male & female _c !n be di/+ui%$4 ,,diseases4--,^! are ! same z 9 ! fauvettes4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,if sn[ %\ld fall aft] _! return1 a place ne> a h$ge %\ld be cle>$1 & lim$ twigs fa/5$ to ! l[] bran*es2 aft] hav+ ?r[n meal-worms !re1 ! birds %\ld be g5tly driv5 t[>ds x1 & = ! sake ( ! worms !y w creep "u ! lim$ twigs1 & rema9 caught4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?\gh ! plumage is n v /rik+1 yet ?is bird is v pretty4 ,"s clack+ tones1 r l ! noise ( a mill1 h giv5 x 9 ,g]many ! "n ( ! little ,mill]2 z ^! notes are he>d m di/9ctly ?an ! o!rs1 !y are errone\sly ?\ght to be its :ole song2 b ! re/1 c]ta9ly v weak1 is s s(t1 s v>i$1 s melodi\s1 t x surpasses o!r w>bl]s4 ,:il/ s++ 9 ?is "u tone x is cont9ually hopp+ ab\t ! bu%es1 b :5 go+ to utt] clap1 clap1 x /ops & employs ! :ole /r5g? ( ! l>ynx to pron\nce ?is syllable4 ,to enjoy ! beauty ( its song x %\ld be alone 9 a room1 & !n no o!r s++ bird is m agreeable1 z x r>ely utt]s its call4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,babill>d4 ,?is is a h&some1 little1 lively species1 m elegant & small] ?an ! :ite-?roat1 & ( a pur] col\r2 its ?roat be+ z :ite z sn[4 ,x g5]ally visits u ! beg9n+ or middle ( ,april1 & leaves u aga9 ! end ( ,augu/ or beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,its song is n s agreeable z mo/ ( ! o!r species ( w>bl]s2 b x is s(t & pretty1 & v diff]5t f any o!r4 ,x is also m valuable by be+ mu* m r>e2 "s seasons v few visit u1 9 o!rs !y are suffici5tly pl5tiful4 ,its habits are some:at simil> to ^? ( ! :ite-?roat1 b x is mu* m qu>relsome1 sometimes s mu* s1 t x mu/ be tak5 f ! o!r birds or x w worry !m to dea?1 ev5 if !y are d\ble its size4 ,9 conf9em5t x w soon become tame & famili>1 & w readily take to fe$ on bread & milk1 & also on bruis$ hemp-se$ & bread4 ,"o t ,i br$ up f ! ne/ became s atta*$ to its cage1 t x c\ld n be prevail$ ^u to quit x = any l5g? ( "t4 ,:5 ! door ( x 0 set op51 x w\ld g5]ally come out quickly1 & fir/ p]* on ! door1 !n m\nt to ! top ( ! cage1 !nce x w\ld fly to any o!r cages t 7 9 ! room1 & cat* any flies t came )9 its rea*2 sometimes x w\ld desc5d to ! floor1 or p]* on a table or *air1 & w\ld fly up & take a fly out ( ! h&1 or dr9k milk out ( a spoon if invit$3 ( ?is x 0 v fond4 ,z soon z x 0 ! lea/ fright5$1 x w\ld fly imm$iately to its cage1 fir/ on ! top1 !nce to ! door1 & w\ld ent] 9 exactly z x came out4 ,i h (t5 hung x out at ! w9d[ p]*$ on ! top ( its cage1 ) ! door op51 & x w\ld nev] attempt to fly away4 ,sometimes if a fly %\ld happ5 to pass ne> x1 x w\ld fly (f & cat* x1 & return ) x to ! top ( ! cage3 aft] rema9+ !re a consid]able "t1 x w\ld ei!r return into x1 or fly 9 at ! w9d[1 & p]* on ! cages ( ! o!r birds4 ,x is r m t5d] ?an ! :ite-?roat4 ,,mr4 ,,bly?',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,babill>d4 ,! w>ble ( ! babill>d 7,curruca g>rula1 ,brisson7 is pretty & lively1 b its song is r5d]$ monoton\s 9 ! spr+ & summ] by ! con/ant repetition ( its l\d note ( defiance1 analog\s to ! cle> lively note ) :i* ! blackcap g5]ally concludes3 ?is may be express$ by ! monosyllable see1 repeat$ n9e or t5 times 9 quick succession1 & at times v l\dly3 x is a note1 :i*1 ?\gh agreeable en\gh :5 only he>d occasionally1 becomes q tiresome :5 cont9ually reit]at$4 ,?is species1 h[ev]1 c w>ble v sweetly if x please1 &1 9 conf9em5t1 dur+ ! fir/ mon?s ( ! ye>1 its song is he>d to great advantage 9 a room2 x !n r>ely repeats its l\d see see see1 & :51 at t "t1 ! above-m5tion$ note is utt]$1 x =ms1 inde$1 an agreeable v>iety4 ,! song ( ! babill>d is =m$ ( a numb] ( s(t *irp+ notes1 _m ( :i* are extremely sweet & musical1 & ?\gh at times tol]ably l\d1 yet !y are g5]ally deliv]$ 9 a v l[ tone1 sc>cely audible at a little di/ance4 ,! male is almo/ p]petually s++1 erect+ 8 cre/ & ! fea!rs ( 8 ?roat 9 ! mann] ( a :ite-?roat1 &1 l t species & ! furze w>bl]1 he is 9 con/ant motion ! :ole "t1 ?r[+ himself into a v>iety ( odd ge/iculations4 ,! song ( ?is bird is v sup]ior to t ( _m :ite-?roats1 b n to all2 he has none ( ^? h>% s\nd+ notes :i* s (t5 disfigure ! :ite-?roat's song4 ,he seems also to be always 9 su* high spirits z n to "k h[ to conta9 himself1 tak+ frequ5tly a long circuit\s flight f tree to tree1 & back aga91 a doz5 times1 seem+ly = no o!r purpose ?an m]e ex]cise2 b he nev] m\nts s++ into ! air1 l ! :ite-?roat4 ,!re are yet _m p]sons1 ,i believe1 :o consid] ?is species to be a m]e v>iety ( ! :ite-?roat4 ,^! two species diff] f ea* o!r 9 size1 9 make1 9 col\r1 9 _! mann]s1 _! habits1 _! song1 9 ! /ructure ( _! ne/1 & 9 ! m>k+ ( _! eggs2 & surely1 if all ^! circum/ances 7z ,wilson obs]ves1 aft] mak+ simil> rem>ks on two ,am]ican birds1 "o ( :i* _h be5 consid]$ a 'ba/>d' production ( ! o!r7 be n suffici5t to designate ?is 7! babill>d7 z a di/9ct species1 by :at crit]ion1 ,i w\ld ask1 are we to discrim9ate betwe5 a v>iety & an orig9al species1 or1 to assure ourselves1 t ! great horn$ owl is n1 9 fact1 a ba/>d goose1 or ! c>rion cr[ a m]e v>iety ( ! humm+ bird8 ,,! ,,black ,,r$/>t4 ,motacilla ,ti?ys1 ,,l9n,,u3 ,le ,r\ge-queue1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,wi/l+1 ,,be*/e94 ,l5g? five in*es & "o qu>t]1 ( :i* ! tail alone measures two & "o qu>t]4 ,! beak is five l9es long1 v po9t$ & black1 ! inside & corn]s yell[2 ! iris is dusky2 ! %anks are n9e l9es high1 & black2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is d>k blui%1 or blacki% gray2 ! rump is r$2 ! *eeks1 ?roat1 & brea/1 are black2 ! belly & sides are ( ! same d>k col\r z ! back1 b t+$ ) :ite2 ! v5t is r$di% yell[4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body 9 ! female is dusky a% grey2 ! "u "p a% grey1 ) a r$di% t+e4 ,! col\rs ( ?is bird v>y dur+ ! fir/ eight ye>s2 ! olde/ ones1 ) ! exception ( ! tail & w+s1 are 9 g5]al black1 b deep] on ! "u "p ?an ! upp]2 ! v olde/ h a greyi% brea/4 ,^? a ye> or two old v mu* resemble ! females1 hav+ ! upp] "p ( ! body a% grey1 b ! "u r m ( a r$di% col\r2 ! quill-fea!rs h a m decid$ bord]4 ,aft] two ye>s ! dep? ( ! col\r gradually increases4 ,sev]al bird-cat*]s1 & f !m "s au?ors1 h consid]$ ^! birds ( diff]5t ages z diff]5t species4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate ! black r$/>t is f\nd 9 ! temp]ate p>ts ( ,europe & 9 ,asia 9 ! same latitudes#ih4 ,!y seem to pref] m\nta9\s di/ricts to wide pla9s1 & !y are se5 9 great numb]s on b>e *alk-hills2 if f\nd 9 woods1 x is only 9 ^? t are on rocks4 ,!y frequ5t t[ns & villages1 p]*+ on ! highe/ build+s1 t[]s1 /eeples1 *ur*es1 & ca/les#ii4 ,9 spr+ & autumn x hops ab\t ! h$ges4 ,x arrives e>ly 9 ! spr+1 its song is he>d 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 & x quits u 9 small flights t[>ds ! middle ( ,octob]4 ,x possesses "o quality1 n common among s++ birds1 t ( s++ all ! ye>1 or1 at lea/1 :il/ 9 our c\ntry1 h[ev] cold & /ormy ! wea!r may be4 ,9 ! h\se x %\ld be kept 9 a night+ale's cage1 or at lea/ n p]mitt$ to range ! room4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on flies1 drawn by ! w>m? ( spr+ f _! retreat1 & settl$ on walls2 aft]w>ds on cabbage cat]pill>s & o!r insects1 & 9 autumn on b]ries4 ,9 ! h\se !y may be kept 9 heal? a long "t1 if ! above insects are procur$ = !m1 or if f$ on night+ales' food1 add+ occasionally ants' eggs & meal-worms4 ,old birds tak5 9 autumn may sometimes be tam$ & accu/om$ to eat ! common food 9 ! room1 by putt+ among/ eld]b]ries1 9 autumn1 ants' eggs1 & meal-worms at o!r seasons4 ,!y h be5 kn[n to live five or six ye>s 9 a cage4 ,,bre$+4--,?is bird makes its ne/ 9 ! holes ( rocks & walls1 p>ticul>ly 9 high build+s1 on ! timb]s ( b>ns1 & places x at a di/ance f any o!r4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( hay1 mix$ ) ! hair ( animals4 ,ea* lay+ 7= !re are two 9 ! ye>7 consi/s ( five or six :ite eggs4 ,! "y h a r$di% grey plumage1 & %\ld be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 ! tail is half gr[n1 if x is wi%$ to re> !m4 ,!y %\ld be f$ on ants' eggs1 & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,diseases4--,^! are ! same z ^? ( ! fauvette4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,lim$ twigs1 ) meal-worms fa/5$ to !m1 %\ld be laid :]ev] ^! birds are mo/ frequ5tly f\nd4 ,t[>ds w9t] !y may be caught 9 spr+-traps ) eld]b]ries hung opposite4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its call1 fitza1 be+ v simil> to ! night+ale's1 has giv5 rise mo/ probably to its "n ( ,wall ,night+ale1 :i* x has 9 common ) ! foll[+ species4 ,its song c]ta9ly _c ent] into comp>ison ) t ( ! night+ale1 = x is sad1 & consi/s ( only ?ree /ra9s1 ! middle "o sc>cely m ?an croak+2 ! o!r two may boa/ ( a few high cle> tones2 x may be he>d f e>ly 9 ! morn+ till night4 ,x is always gay & active1 its motions light & nimble2 x %akes its tail quickly f side to side at e hop or spr+1 & utt]s cont9ually ! cry fitza#ajj6 ,,! ,,common ,,r$/>t4 ,illu/ration ,motacilla ,pho5icurus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,rossignol de muraille1 ,,buffon2 ,das ,geme9] od] ,g>t5-,ro?s*wnz*51 ,,be*/e94 ,its l5g? is five in*es & a qu>t]1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a qu>t]4 ,! beak is five l9es1 ! tip is blunt1 black on ! outside1 yell[ )9 & at ! corn]s2 ! iris is black2 ! %anks are ( ! same col\r1 & t5 l9es high2 ! base ( ! upp] m&ible & *eeks are black1 z also ! ?roat1 b ?is is speckl$ ) :ite2 ! :ite on ! front ( ! head unites ) a /reak ( ! same col\r1 :i* ext5ds above ! eyes2 ! back ( ! head & neck1 ! back & less] w+-cov]ts1 are d>k a% grey t+$ ) a r$di% col\r2 ! rump1 brea/1 & sides1 are r$ incl9+ to orange4 ,! female is v diff]5t1 v mu* resembl+ t ( ! black r$/>t1 yet its col\rs are r light]4 ,! upp] "p ( its body is r$di% a% grey2 ! :iti% ?roat is n cl\d$ ) black till ! fif? or six? ye>2 ! brea/ is dusky ru/-r$ wav$ ) :ite2 ! belly is dusky :ite2 ! rump is r$di% yell[#aja4 ,x is n till aft] ! fir/ m\lt+ t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! plumage ( ! males & females is obvi\s2 ev5 !n ! brea/ ( ! male reta9s ! black t+$ ) :ite1 b loses ?is t9t 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ summ]2 ! males also h = "s "t a :ite /reak on ! =ehead1 t passes above ! eyes1 & ! belly is m :ite ?an ru/-r$4 ,,habitation4--,9 a wild /ate ^! birds are f\nd 9 ,europe & ,asia1 & are v common 9 ,g]many & ,engl&4 ,!y leave u ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 & return ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,at ?is "t & 9 autumn !y haunt h$ges & bu%es2 b 9 summ] !y pr9cipally frequ5t g>d5s1 ! banks ( /reams plant$ ) will[s1 & ev5 =e/s4 ,^? t frequ5t g>d5s also ent] t[ns1 & w p]* on ! ro(s ( ! h\ses1 enliv5+ ! inmates ) _! song f morn+ till night4 ,9 ! h\se1 if giv5 a cage1 x %\ld be ( su* light wire "w z n to conceal ! beauty ( ! plumage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y fe$ on all k9ds ( insects1 e>?-worms1 currants1 & eld]b]ries4 ,9 ! h\se1 if tak5 9 autumn1 !y may sometimes be induc$ to fe$ on eld]b]ries1 r>ely on ! p\ltry pa/e4 ,to entice !m to ?is meal-worms mu/ be mix$ ) x at fir/1 & "s ?r[n 9 :5 x is eat52 ants' eggs mu/ be add$ 9 spr+4 ,^! birds are delicate1 & always require to be suppli$ ) insects2 b nev] give !m e>?-worms1 z !y d n dige/ !m easily4 ,if kept 9 cages !y %\ld be giv5 night+ales' food2 yet f$ 9 ?is way x is r>e to pres]ve !m above ?ree or f\r ye>s2 !y g5]ally die ( consumption or atrophy4 ,,bre$+4--,! r$/>t g5]ally places its ne/ 9 a hole ( a tree or wall2 x is neglig5tly =m$ ( moss1 /alks ( grass1 fea!rs1 & hair4 ,! female has two broods 9 ! ye>1 & ea* "t %e lays f five to sev5 eggs1 ( an apple gre54 ,sc>cely h ! tail-fea!rs begun to gr[ ere ! "y ones hop f ! ne/ & p]* on "s neighb\r+ bran*1 :]e !y receive food f ! p>5t birds till !y are able to seek x = !mselves4 ,_! plumage be=e m\lt+ is a% grey spott$ ) :ite4 ,! "y females resemble ! night+ale s mu* 9 autumn t !y are (t5 mi/ak5 = x4 ,bird-fanci]s %\ld re> ^! birds on ants' eggs1 ) :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk occasionally1 & ?us accu/om !m to ! common univ]sal pa/e4 ,!y le>n to repeat p>ts ( ! songs ( _! companions4 ,,diseases4--,di>rhoea & atrophy c>ry (f ! greate/ numb]4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,/icks cov]$ ) bird-lime %\ld be plac$ across ! h$ges frequ5t$ by ^! birds2 !y mu/ !n be driv5 g5tly t[>ds !m4 ,!y are also attract$ "u nets1 & among/ lim$ twigs bait$ ) meal-worms4 ,9 autumn !y may be tak5 9 nooses1 by susp5d+ eld]b]ries ne> !m1 ei!r 9 or*>ds or ?ickets4 ,^? int5d$ = ! h\se %\ld be tak5 9 bird-traps or spr+es1 tak+ c>e t ! wood5 "p be cov]$ ) felt or cork1 to prev5t ! legs be+ brok54 ,! "y ones ( ! fir/ ye> are ! easie/ to pres]ve4 ,!y also g to ! wat]-trap )\t difficulty4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its plumage1 & /ill m its song & sprightl9ess1 r5d] ?is a delightful bird4 ,x is always 9 motion1 b[+1 & mov+ its tail f side to side at e /ep2 all its actions are lively & graceful4 ,x c improve its song1 compos$ ( "s v pretty /ra9s1 by add+ to x p>ts ( ! songs ( birds t are f\nd ne> x4 ,= in/ance1 ^? t build "u my ro( imitate tol]ably ! *aff9* t hangs 9 a cage at my w9d[2 & a neighb\r ( m9e has "o 9 8 g>d5 t repeats "s /ra9s ( a blackcap t has its ne/ ne>4 ,?is facility 9 appropriat+ ! song ( o!r birds is r>e 9 birds t live 9 a /ate ( lib]ty1 & seems peculi> to ?is species4 ,!y become s tame t !y w take meal-worms f ! h&4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,r$/>t4 ,?is is "o ( ! h&some/ ( our ,briti% birds1 visit+ u ! latt] end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april2 ! e>lie/ arrival ev] notic$ 0 ! #be? ( ,m>*1 & !y g5]ally leave u ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,:5 !y fir/ arrive !y mo/ly frequ5t old build+s or out-h\ses1 = ! sake ( flies & small insects t (t5 ab\nd !re4 ,!y build _! ne/ 9 a hole or crevice ( a wall1 or 9 a holl[ tree4 ,!y frequ5tly asc5d to ! top ( ! highe/ tree )9 _! haunt1 & !re sit sometimes = a consid]able "t1 p\r+ out _! quick & sort ( fretful song4 ,:5 kept 9 conf9em5t ,i consid] x ! mo/ s5sible1 &1 if br\ght up f ! ne/1 ! mo/ atta*$ ( all small birds2 b x may be consid]$ ! mo/ t5d] ( ! :ole tribe4 ,x is a real mock]1 & if br$ up f a "y "o1 w le>n ! note or call ( almo/ any o!r bird2 x w also le>n a tune t is :i/l$ or sung to x1 & w s+ by night z well z day if a light be kept 9 ! room :]e x is4 ,i 0 9 possession ( a h&some male bird ( ?is species1 :i* ,i kept m ?an six ye>s4 ,x became v tame1 ?\gh an old wild bird :5 fir/ caught1 & x 0 s atta*$ to its cage1 t "o day1 hav+ got its lib]ty1 x flew away into ! g>d5s1 :]e x /ay$ six or sev5 h\rs1 aft] :i* x return$ to its cage aga94 ,9 ! ye> #ahbe ,i saw a female bird ( ?is species s late z ! #ba/ ( ,novemb]1 fly+ ab\t z lively z at midsumm]2 x _h probably escap$ or be5 turn$ out ( a cage4 ,:5 9 conf9em5t x is p>ticul>ly p>tial to ants' eggs1 & also to ! common maggots4 ,,! ,,arb\r ,,bird4 ,sylvia polyglotta1 ,,ranzani2 ,sylvia ,hippolais1 ,,be*/e92 ,le ,bec-f9 poitr9e jaune1 ,,temm9ck2 ,die ,gelbbru/1 ,,be*/e92 ,die ,spotvogel1 ,,wi*t]i*4 ,?is pleas+ bird1 :i* is met ) :]ev] !re are groves & bu%es#ajb1 is five in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a qu>t]4 ,! beak1 sev5 l9es long1 is /raight1 blunt1 blui% grey above1 & yell[ t+$ ) fle%-col\r b5ea?1 ) yell[i% corn]s1 & ! entrance ( ! ?roat citron yell[2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! %anks1 t5 l9es high1 are lead-col\r$4 ,! head is po9t$ 9 front2 ! back1 rump1 & less] w+-cov]ts1 are olive a% grey2 a yell[ l9e ext5ds f ! no/rils to ! eyes2 ! :ole ( ! "u "p ( ! body is a f9e light yell[2 ! tail & w+s are d>k br[n2 ! second>y quill-fea!rs h s wide a :ite bord] t x =ms a spot on ! clos$ w+s4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate x frequ5ts or*>ds1 groves1 & brambles2 b ) u x seems to pref] small woods t are int]sp]s$ ) res9\s trees4 ,x arrives ! end ( ,april1 & quits u z e>ly z ! end ( ,augu/1 be=e ! m\lt+ season4 ,9 ! h\se x is kept 9 a night+ale's cage1 9 :i* no *ange mu/ be made1 /ill less mu/ ano!r be giv5 x1 = x w\ld n survive ^! di/urbances4 ,x is s delicate1 t if tak5 :5 full gr[n x is almo/ impossible to tame x4 ,,food4--,:5 wild its food is all k9ds ( insects1 smoo? cat]pill>s1 flies1 gnats1 c42 & if ^! are sc>ce1 b]ries#ajc4 ,9 ! h\se x pref]s ^! insects & meal-worms4 ,x is only ) great pati5ce & managem5t t x c be giv5 a ta/e = ! night+ale's food4 ,9 g5]al x w eat no?+ b insects4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ ( ! arb\r bird is "o ( ^? t are s well & curi\sly =m$1 commonly plac$ eight feet above ! gr\nd1 9 ! =k ( a tree4 ,x is built ( pieces ( ! :ite b>k ( ! bir* tree1 dri$ plants1 cat]pill>s' webs1 wool1 & ! upp] lay] ( d[n4 ,all ^! :ite mat]ials give x ! appe>ance ( be+ made ( pap]4 ,x is l9$ ) ! f9e/ hay4 ,! female lays five eggs1 :i* are at fir/ ( a pale rose r$1 b aft] hav+ be5 sat ^u "s days acquire a d>k fle%-col\r$ t9t1 speckl$ ) d>k r$4 ,?is species has b "o brood 9 ! ye>1 & if ! ne/ is approa*$ two or ?ree times x w des]t x1 :e!r ! "y ones are hat*$ or n4 ,if a p]son wi% to h ?is pleas+ bird 9 ! h\se1 z x is (t5 se5 9 ,hesse1 he mu/ take ! "y ones e>ly f ! ne/1 fe$ !m on ants' eggs & bullock's he>t *opp$ small1 & always keep !m 9 a w>m place4 ,z soon z ! arb\r bird has be5 plac$ 9 ! situation de/9$ = x1 x mu/ be left !re con/antly2 its cage ought n to be *ang$1 at lea/ !re %\ld be no diff]5ce 9 ! "o giv5 x aft]w>ds1 z )\t ?is att5tion x becomes sad1 eats no long]1 & dies 9 a %ort "t4 ,i may obs]ve "h1 t x m\lts 9 ,decemb] or ,janu>y1 :5ce we may inf] t x passes ! w9t] 9 a s\!rn climate4 ,,diseases4--,^! are ! same z ! night+ale's4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is c r>ely be accompli%$ b by plac+ lim$ twigs on ! ne/1 :i* is a cruel me?od1 & ! ne/ is (t5 des]t$ z soon z x has be5 approa*$4 ,nei!r w ^! birds g to ! wat]-trap3 !y may be caught occasionally 9 bird-traps 9 ,augu/1 by bait+ !m ) currants#ajd4 ,! sure/ way !n is to take !m "y1 especially z ! old ones _c be tam$4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ( ! arb\r bird is sweet1 v>i$1 full ( p[] & melody1 long su/a9$2 yet "s h>% /ra9s h be5 rem>k$1 & "s resembl+ ! notes ( ! *imney swall[4 ,:il/ s++ its ?roat is mu* dilat$4 ,its call is dak1 dak6 hyovie1 hyovie6 ,its plumage is pretty4 ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,arb\r ,,bird1 ,,f ,,! ,,field ,,naturali/',s ,,magaz9e4 ,briti% writ]s1 s9ce ! "t ( ,p5nant & ,:ite1 h r5d]$ ! hi/ory ( sev]al ( our smalle/ birds a mass ( confusion1 :i* ev5 n[ x w be difficult to cle> up1 ?\gh ,i feel confid5t ,i possess ! means ( loos5+ two at lea/ ( ! knots ( ! controv]t$ po9ts1 z ,i %all pres5tly %[4 ,:5 ,i 0 resid+1 9 ! summ] ( #ahcb1 at ,bonn1 on ! ,rh9e1 my fri5d ,m4 ,wi*t]i* br\ght me a pair ( birds ) _! "y1 :i* at fir/ sight1 judg+ f col\r & size1 ,i took to be pale can>ies1 till ,i look$ at _! bills2 ,i p]ceiv$ !n t x 0 a species ) :i* ,i 0 unacqua9t$1 & c]ta9ly n kn[n z ,briti%4 ,i 0 accord+ly n a little surpris$ :5 he told me x 0 ! ,sylvia ,hippolais ( ,be*/e91 & a/oni%$ :5 he said x 0 "o ( ! f9e/ song birds 9 ,europe1 v sup]ior to ! blackcap & fauvette1 & 9 "s respects ev5 to ! night+ale4 ,i !nce conclud$ t x 0 ! species ^: spl5did song _h *>m$ & puzzl$ me 9 an or*>d at ,s*i$am1 9 ,holl&1 & aga9 9 ! g>d5s ( ,pr9ce ,maximilian1 at ,neuwi$1 on ! ,rh9e2 ! ri* intonation & multitud9\s v>iety ( ! notes fully be>+ out my fri5d's op9ion4 ,?is circum/ance alone w\ld g f> to prove t ! species is n ,briti%1 = x w\ld be impossible s f9e a song bird c\ld be conceal$1 p>ticul>ly z x haunts g>d5s1 & is r>ely f\nd 9 woods4 ,! v contr>y ( ! /atem5t ( ,temm9ck1 ^: au?ority1 h[ high soev] x may be 9 o!r matt]s1 is1 ) respect to habits & field obs]vations1 ( n ! slighte/ weight3 he might h se5 ! bird1 if he ev] look$ beyond 8 cab9et1 9 mo/ ( ! g>d5s ab\t ,leyd51 :]e he resides4 ,i kept ! old birds ) _! "y1 :i* !y f$ 9 a cage = "s "t1 b to my great regret !y fell a sacrifice to ! common enemy ( cage birds4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,i 0 delight$ to f9d a ne/ ( ! same species 9 a lilac-tree 9 my own g>d51 ab\t half a doz5 y>ds f my p>l\r w9d[s4 ,?ree ( ! "y aft] leav+ ?is ne/ 7 secur$1 & _! "m 0 caught to fe$ !m1 :i* %e did successfully1 & ,i br\ght !m all1 & ?ree o!rs1 home ) me to ,engl&4 ,! ne/ 0 ab\t sev5 feet high f ! g>d5 level1 & t5 f ! base ( a l[ wall1 ov] :i* ! bran* :]e x 0 built lean$4 ,! workman%ip ( ! ne/ is v sup]ior to t ( ! blackcap1 com+ ne>] 9 "* to t ( ! f9*es4 ,! frame-"w is r ?ick1 made ( dri$ grass /ems1 sew+ ?read1 f9e wood %av+s1 bir* b>k1 & small pieces ( l95 rag4 ,! inside is v neatly l9$ ) roots1 hair1 & a few fea!rs & small locks ( wool4 ,9 ! full gr[n male ! bill is ab\t half an in* long1 /raight1 some:at blunt1 broad & flat at ! base4 ,! upp] m&ible has an exce$+ly indi/9ct not*1 & is greyi% blue2 ! "u m&ible yell[i%1 ) a t+e ( r$2 ! angles yell[i%1 & ! op5+ ( ! m\? lemon yell[4 ,! tongue is yell[1 abrupt at ! po9t1 & furni%$ ) ?ree bri/les4 ,! iris is dusky br[n4 ,! =ehead is l[1 flat1 angul>1 & po9t$4 ,! eyebr[s & eyelids are yell[1 & a yell[ l9e runs f ! no/rils to ! eyes4 ,! cr[n ( ! head1 neck1 back1 & w+-cov]ts are olive grey1 incl9+ m to gre5 on ! rump4 ,! %\ld] ( ! w+ 7campt]ium1 ,,illig]7 is yell[3 ! prim>y quill-fea!rs are dusky br[n1 ) a slight fr+e ( olive grey2 ! re/ ( ! quill-fea!rs h a broad] fr+e ( greyi% :ite1 :i*1 :5 ! w+ is clos$1 =ms a :iti% pat*4 ,! tail is two in*es long1 ! fea!rs be+ ( equal l5g?1 & ( v ne>ly ! same col\rs & t+e z ! w+-quills4 ,all ! "u p>ts ( ! body are ( a f9e cle> lemon col\r4 ,! legs are five-six?s ( an in* high1 & ( a lead col\r2 ! claws greyi% br[n4 ,! :ole l5g? is five in*es & a half2 ! ext5t ( ! w+s n9e in*es4 ,! female is sometimes1 b n always1 r pal] ?an ! male4 ,! "y h ! yell[ p>ts v pale4 ,a species v simil> to ?is has be5 discov]$ 9 ,italy by ,pr9ce ,c4 ,buonap>te--! ,sylvia ict]9a8 ( ,vieillot1 :i* frequ5ts m>%y places4 ,,! ,,common ,,*iff-,,*aff4 ,illu/ration ,sylva loquax1 ,,h]b]t2 ,s4 ,hippolais1 ,,montagu2 b n ! ,s4 ,hippolais ( ! ,cont95tal au?ors1 :i* is ,s4 polyglotta4 ,,colonel ,,montagu ,,& ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,*iff-,,*aff4 ,?is bird weighs ab\t two or ne>ly ?ree dra*ms2 ! l5g? v>ies f f\r in*es & a half to five in*es4 ,?is species is ne>ly ! same size z ! hay-bird4 ,9 its plumage x s mu* resembles t bird1 t we %all only make m5tion "h ( "s ess5tial m>ks ( di/9ction1 & ref] our read]s to ! hay-bird4 ,its g5]al col\r is n s mu* t+$ ) yell[1 & ! legs are dusky1 :i* 9 ! o!r are br[n4 ,! plumage ( ! sexes are alike4 ,^! two birds h be51 & are1 frequ5tly conf\nd$1 & ) !m ! wood wr5 ( ?is "w2 b ?is la/ is at once di/+ui%$ by ! "u tail-cov]ts be+ a pure :ite1 & ! plumage ( a m lively gre5 on ! upp] p>ts ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,! ne/1 eggs1 & notes1 w be f\nd also diff]5t by consult+ & comp>+ ! hi/ory ( ea*4 ,?is is ! fir/ ( all ! migrative w>bl]s 7,sylviad7 9 its annual visit1 & is1 p]haps1 ! only "o t has occasionally be5 obs]v$ ) u dur+ ! w9t]1 & t only 9 ! mild] p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,x is g5]ally he>d on or be=e ! fir/ ( ,april repeat+ its song1 if t may be s call$ :i* consi/s only ( f\r notes1 :i* seem to express ! words *ip1 *op1 *]ry1 *urry1 f\r or five times successively4 ,x is a busy1 re/less bird1 always active among ! trees & bu%es 9 se>* ( insects4 ,f its e>ly cry 9 our neighb\rhood1 we long suspect$ x w\ld be f\nd t ?is h>dy little bird did n :olly quit u1 & 9 ?is op9ion we 7 confirm$ by see+ "o 9 ! g>d5 ab\t ,*ri/mas1 #ahjf4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,janu>y1 we obs]v$ two ( ^! little creatures busi$ 9 cat*+ ! small insects :i* a bright day _h r\s$ 9 great abundance ab\t "s fir trees1 by spr++ ^u !m f ! ends ( ! bran*es1 "o ( :i* we succe$$ 9 %oot+4 ,ano!r1 :i* we kill$ 9 #ahjh1 on ! same spot1 :ile fe$+ ^u a small species ( culex1 weigh$ "o dra*m ?irty-?ree gra9s2 ?is w easily acc\nt = ! v e>ly cry ( ?is bird 9 ! spr+1 z x is highly probable t !y rema9 ) u ! :ole ye>1 b are :olly sil5t 9 ! w9t]4 ,! e>lie/ we ev] he>d 0 on ! #ad? ( ,m>*1 #ahjd1 :5 vegetation 0 unusually e>ly4 ,! ne/ ( ?is species is oval1 ) a small hole ne> ! top1 compos$ ext]nally ( dry leaves1 & !n co>se dry grass1 & l9$ ) fea!rs2 & is g5]ally plac$ on or ne> ! gr\nd1 frequ5tly on a dit* bank1 9 a tuft ( grass or l[ bu%4 ,! eggs are six 9 numb]1 :ite1 speckl$ ) purpli% r$ at ! l>g] end only1 ) "h & !re a s+le speck on ! sides4 ,x seems to be ! h>die/ & mo/ g5]ally diffus$ ( all our summ] visitants2 & is f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! k+dom :]e wood or h$ges af=d x %elt] & food4 ,its note is he>d long aft] ! hay-bird is sil5t4 ,dr4 ,la?am says ?is is call$ 9 ,dorset%ire ! hay-bird2 b z we are incl9$ to believe ! ?ree species be=e m5tion$ h be5 conf\nd$1 x is m probable t our hay-bird %\ld obta9 t "n1 z its ne/ is compos$ ( t mat]ial4 ,mr4 ,sweet tells u1 x is readily tak5 9 a trap bait$ ) small cat]pill>s4 ,!y soon get famili> 9 conf9em5t2 :5 fir/ caught1 !y %\ld1 if possible1 be put ) o!r birds1 & !y w readily take to fe$ on bruis$ hemp-se$ & bread1 & on bread & milk1 :i* mu/ at fir/ be /uck full ( small insects1 or a quantity ( aphides may be %ak5 (f a bran* ^u x2 :5 !y h once ta/$ x !y w be v fond ( x4 ,"o t ,i caught took to eat x directly1 & became s famili>1 t 9 ?ree or f\r days x w\ld take a fly out ( ! h&4 ,x also le>nt to dr9k milk out ( a tea-spoon1 ( :i* x 0 s fond1 t x w\ld fly aft] x all r\nd ! room1 & p]* on ! h& t held x1 )\t %[+ ! lea/ symptoms ( fe>4 ,x w\ld also fly up to ! ceil+1 & br+ d[n a fly 9 its m\? e "t4 ,at la/ x got s v tame1 t x w\ld sit on my knee by ! fire & sleep2 & :5 ! w9d[s 7 op51 x w\ld nev] attempt1 nor seem$ to h ! lea/ incl9ation1 to fly out2 s t ,i at la/ v5tur$ to entice x out 9 ! g>d51 to see :e!r x w\ld return4 ,i ) difficulty entic$ x out at ! door ) a spoon ( milk2 x return$ twice to ! room2 ! ?ird "t x v5tur$ into a little tree2 x !n fl$ & p]*$ on my h&1 & drank milk out ( ! spoon2 f !nce x flew to ! gr\nd on "s *ickwe$1 9 :i* x wa%$ itself1 & got into a holly-bu% to dry4 ,aft] gett+ among ! leaves1 ,i c\ld see no m ( x1 b he>d x call sev]al times4 ,i suppose aft] x got q dry t x left ! c\ntry directly1 z ,i c\ld nev] see or he> x aft]w>ds1 & x 0 !n ! end ( ,novemb]1 :5 all ! o!rs _h left = "s "t#aje4 ,,! ,,ruf\s ,,*iff-,,*aff4 ,sylvia rufa1 ,,be*/e92 ,la ,fauvette r\sse1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,weid5zeisig1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is & ! gold-cre/$ wr5 are ! smalle/ ( our ,european birds4 ,! full-gr[n male has ! bill a ?ird ( an in* 9 l5g?1 v n>r[1 & po9t$2 ( a blacki% br[n1 except at ! edges & )91 :]e x is yell[4 ,! iris is dusky br[n4 ,f ! base ( ! bill on ea* side !re runs a n>r[ yell[i% :ite /reak1 & !re is ano!r /raight /reak ( a dusky yell[ ov] ! eye4 ,! sides ( ! head are ( a v cle> br[n4 ,! upp] "p ( ! head1 neck1 & back1 are greyi% br[n1 ) a slight t+e ( olive4 ,! ?roat is greyi% :ite2 ! brea/ light grey1 ) a v pale t+e ( r$1 or r ru/ br[n4 ,! belly is greyi% :ite1 ) fa9t yell[i% /reaks4 ,! females & ! "y males1 be=e ! fir/ m\lt1 h ! upp] p>ts ( a cle> olive gre51 & ! "u p>ts r$di% :ite4 ,i h nev] met ) ! ne/2 b x is said to be built on ! gr\nd among/ fall5 leaves1 dom$1 ) a side entrance1 & l9$ ) fea!rs4 ,! eggs are said to be f f\r to sev51 :ite1 ) r$di% black dots1 mo/ cr[d$ at ! l>g] end4 ,! "y bran*]s may be caught 9 autumn by means ( ! owl1 ) lim$ twigs1 & f$ on ant's eggs & small meal-worms4 ,!y w also soon take to bread & milk1 or ,g]man pa/e1 & become exce$+ly tame1 b are v impati5t ( cold4 ,x is mo/ probably a native ( ,brita91 l ! prec$+2 b is n yet di/9ctly prov$ to be s4 ,,! ,,hay-,,bird1 ,,or ,,will[ ,,wr54 ,illu/ration ,sylvia ,fitis1 ,,be*/e92 ,s4 ,tro*ilus1 ,,la?am2 ,le ,bec-f9 ,p\illot1 ,,temm9ck2 ,d] ,fitis ,sang]1 ,,mey]2 ,d] ,weid5blatt1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species weighs ab\t two dra*ms & ?ree qu>t]s2 l5g? five in*es & a qu>t]4 ,! bill is dusky above1 yell[i% b5ea?2 irides hazel4 ,! :ole upp] p>ts ( ! plumage are ( a gre5i% yell[ br[n3 ! "u p>ts are :ite1 t+$ ) yell[2 on ! brea/ are a few yell[ /reaks2 legs light br[n4 ,?is is a pl5tiful species 9 "s p>ts2 frequ5ts wood$ & enclos$ situations1 especially :]e will[s ab\nd2 is frequ5tly f\nd ) ! wood wr51 b does n ext5d s f> to ! we/ 9 ,engl&1 z x is r>ely met ) 9 ,cornwall4 ,x comes to u e>ly 9 ,april1 & soon beg9s its usual song1 :i* is %ort1 ) little v>iety4 ,ab\t ! latt] end ( ! same mon?1 or beg9n+ ( ,may1 x makes a ne/ ( an oval %ape1 ) a small op5+ ne> ! top1 compos$ ( moss & dri$ grass1 & l9$ ) fea!rs4 ,?is is plac$ 9 ! holl[ ( a dit*1 or 9 a l[ bu% close to ! gr\nd4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,hay-,,bird4 ,?is is ano!r little fav\rite song/]1 & a mo/ des]v+ "o x is4 ,x visits u ! latt] end ( ,m>*1 or beg9n+ ( ,april1 & leaves u aga9 at ! end ( ,septemb]1 or beg9n+ ( ,octob]4 ,on its fir/ arrival1 x enliv5s our woods & groves ) its lively pi]c+ song & gay frolics1 fly+ ab\t f tree to tree1 & cat*+ ! small gnats & flies t come 9 its way4 ,x builds its ne/ on ! gr\nd 9 a ?icket among/ dead leaves & moss1 ) a cov]+ on ! top1 ( ! same mat]ials z ^? ly+ all ar\nd1 s t x is impossible to f9d x )\t wat*+ "o ( ! old ones to ! ne/1 :i* 9 g5]al consi/s ( six or sev5 "y ones4 ,^! may ei!r be br\ght up f ! ne/1 or if an old "o be caught wild x is easily tam$4 ,:5 fir/ put 9 ! cage ) a tame bird1 ! g5]al food1 bread & milk1 & eggs1 %\ld be /uck full ( small flies1 aphides1 small cat]pill>s1 or o!r small insects1 9 pick+ out :i* x w ta/e ! o!r food1 & soon take to eat x readily1 & w soon become v tame 9 conf9em5t4 ,"o t ,i caught 9 ,septemb] 01 9 ?ree days aft]w>ds1 let out ( ! avi>y into ! room to cat* ! flies1 t 7 num]\s at t season4 ,aft] amus+ itself = "s "t 9 cat*+ flies1 x began s++2 & x did ! same sev]al o!r times :5 x 0 let out1 & 9 a few days began to s+ 9 its avi>y4 ,x soon became s famili>1 t x w\ld take flies out ( ! h&2 & :5 out 9 ! room1 if a fly 0 held t[>ds x1 w\ld fly up1 & take x imm$iately4 ,al?\gh ! pres5t species is s small a bird1 x is v c\rage\s1 be+ g5]ally ! ma/] ( ! cage1 & z x is s f9e a song/]1 & almo/ cont9ually 9 song1 no little bird c be m desirable 9 a cage ) o!r birds2 its note1 :5 9 full song1 be+ s l\d & %rill1 t its voice is pla9ly he>d above ! night+ale's :5 bo? are 9 full song4 ,,! ,,wood ,,wr54 ,illu/ration ,sylvia sibilatrix1 ,,be*/e92 ,le ,bec-f9 ,siffleur1 ,,temm9ck2 ,d] grne ,sang]1 ,,mey]4 ,?is bird rema9$ long unnotic$ z a di/9ct species1 f its resemblance to ! hay-bird 7,sylvia ,tro*ilus71 ) :i* x is /ill frequ5tly conf\nd$4 ,x measures 9 l5g? five in*es & a half2 bill horn-col\r2 upp] m&ible b5t at ! tip1 & r long] ?an ! "u2 irides hazel2 no/rils beset ) bri/les2 top ( ! head1 neck1 back1 & tail-cov]ts olive gre52 ?roat & *eeks yell[1 pal] on ! brea/2 belly & v5t ( a mo/ beautiful silv]y :ite2 ?r\gh ! eye passes a yell[ l9e2 legs r m ?an an in* long1 ( a horn-col\r1 claws pal]4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,wood ,,wr54 ,?is elegant & beautiful little species ranks itself among/ my li/ ( fav\rites4 ,x visits ?is c\ntry ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 & leaves x 9 ,augu/1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,x is g5]ally to be f\nd 9 summ] among/ tall trees 9 woods & plantations1 :]e x is readily detect$ on its arrival1 by a %rill %ak+ sort ( note t may be he>d at a great di/ance1 & _c be conf\nd$ ) any o!r bird4 ,on its fir/ arrival x s+s ! great] "p ( ! day1 & cont9ues its song1 m or less1 ?r\gh ! summ]1 except at ! "t x is engag$ 9 fe$+ its "y4 ,its ne/ is built on ! gr\nd 9 a ?icket among/ moss & dead leaves1 s t x is impossible to f9d x )\t wat*+ "o ( ! old ones to ! ne/1 :i* is easily done :5 !y h "y4 ,!y may ei!r be tam$ :5 old1 or re>$ f ! ne/1 & are n difficult to be caught :5 "y ) a little bird-lime at ! end ( a fi%+-rod1 z may sev]al o!r species ( ?is int]e/+ gr\p4 ,z ! pres5t species fe$s entirely ^u insects :5 wild1 ! great] "p ( :i* x cat*es on ! w+1 x w be useless to give x any sort ( fruit or b]ry2 b bread & milk1 bruis$ hemp-se$ & bread1 ) bits ( fre% lean meat cut v small & mix$ up 9 x1 w be its g5]al food4 ,x is also v fond ( ! yolk ( an egg boil$ h>d1 & crumbl$ small1 or /irr$ up ) ! po9t ( a knife t x may peck x out ( ! %ell z x likes4 ,sometimes ^! birds are apt to get (f _! o!r food1 & w live on egg sev]al days2 at su* a "t if a few flies c\ld be procur$ = !m1 x w\ld be ! mo/ likely to re/ore _! appetite4 ,,! ,,gras%opp] ,,bird4 ,illu/ration ,locu/ella avicula1 ,,ray2 ,sylvia locu/ella1 ,,la?am2 ,l',al\ette locu/elle1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,fleus*re*5sang]1 ,,mey]4 ,?is species is less ?an ! :ite-?roat2 l5g? five in*es & a half2 weight ab\t ?ree dra*ms & a qu>t]4 ,! bill is dusky above1 :iti% b5ea?2 irides light hazel4 ,! :ole upp] p>ts ( ! bird are olivace\s br[n2 ! middle ( ea* fea!r dusky1 except on ! back ( ! neck1 :i* gives x a pretty spott$ appe>ance2 ! tail is mu* cunei=m1 & ! fea!rs some:at po9t$1 :i* is a v m>k$ & peculi> "* 9 ?is species2 ! out] fea!r be+ full an in* %ort] ?an ! middle ones1 & ne>ly r\nd$ at ! tips1 ! w+ rem>kably %ort1 rea*+ v little beyond ! base ( ! tail2 legs v pale br[n2 claws light-horn col\r2 h9d claw %ort & crook$4 ,9 %ape1 ! gras%opp] w>bl] v mu* resembles ! s$ge-bird2 is r inf]ior 9 size1 & at once di/+ui%$ by its spott$ back4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,gras%opp] ,,bird4 ,! pres5t species is kn[n among/ bird-cat*]s by ! "n ( ! gras%opp] l>k1 & x 0 orig9ally plac$ among/ ! l>ks by orni?ologi/s1 b has be5 v prop]ly remov$ f !m by lat] au?ors1 z x wants ! mo/ *>act]i/ic m>k ( t family1 namely1 its long claw4 ,x is a v r>e bird 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,london1 & ,i h nev] be5 able to procure b "o ( !m1 :i* ,i lo/ ! fir/ w9t]1 by lett+ x wa% too mu*2 9 conf9em5t x requires ! same sort ( managem5t z recomm5d$ = ! two la/ species1 & x w succe$ v well4 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) _! song1 nev] hav+ liv$ 9 any neighb\rhood :]e !y visit1 b ,i h be5 cr$ibly in=m$ t !y h none b a note l ! *irp+ ( ! gras%opp]2 ?is may probably be ! case1 b ,i h (t5 he>d ! same report ( "s ( our f9e/ song/]s1 :i* p _h confus$ ) v common birds1 !re be+ v few :o d n confuse1 "u ! g5]al "n ( :ite-?roats1 ! common fly-cat*]1 bo? :ite-?roats1 ! great] petty*aps1 & ! blackcaps1 :5 "y2 & _m ev5 confuse ) ^! ! will[ wr51 wood wr51 & less] petty*aps3 ?is tribe ( birds be+ only summ] visitants1 are less kn[n ?an any o!rs4 ,^! birds are n uncommon 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,engl&2 !y are said to be pl5tiful on ,malmesbury ,common1 ,wilt%ire1 9 summ]1 :]e !y bre$2 !y are also frequ5tly se5 9 ,norfolk & ,suffolk1 & 9 v>i\s o!r p>ts1 :]e !y build _! ne/ among "s high grass or s$ge1 9 :i* x is s conceal$ t x is ) difficulty f\nd1 except by wat*+ ! old birds c>ry+ food to _! "y ones2 or :5 build+1 !y may be se5 c>ry+ mat]ials to con/ruct _! ne/4 ,9 a wild /ate ^! birds fe$ entirely on insects1 su* z flies1 mo?s1 butt]flies1 spid]s1 ants2 & _! eggs1 small beetles1 & num]\s o!r sorts1 s t 9 conf9em5t !y w frequ5tly require insect food4 ,,! ,,re$ ,,w>bl]4 ,illu/ration ,sylvia arund9acea1 ,,la?am2 ,la ,fauvette des ,roseaux1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,tei*sng] od] ,sumpfsng]1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species has be5 conf\nd$1 n only ) o!rs ) a gre5i% plumage t are analog\s1 b 9 describ+ x ) ! re$ ?ru% 7,turdus arund9aceus1 ,l9n471 & 9 its mann] ( life ) ! black-bonnet1 or re$ bunt+ 7,emb]iza ,s*niclus1 ,l9n474 ,x is five in*es 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak1 sev5 l9es long1 resembles t ( ! arb\r bird1 br[n above & yell[i% b5ea?2 ! iris is *e/nut br[n2 ! %anks are eight l9es high1 & a% grey2 ! =ehead is v long1 gre5i% grey2 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body1 includ+ ! w+-cov]ts1 are ( ! same col\r1 t+$ ) olive2 ! rump is pal]2 a /raw-col\r$ l9e ext5ds above ! eyes2 ! *eeks are olive br[n2 ! "u "p ( ! body is yell[i% :ite2 ! knees are olive grey2 ! ant]ior quill-fea!rs are dusky2 ! second>y are d>k br[n2 all are edg$ ) olive grey2 ! tail-fea!rs h ! same col\r z ! quill-fea!rs1 b ) a wid] olive grey bord]2 ! tail is v mu* r\nd$1 & ne>ly w$ge-=m$4 ,!re is little diff]5ce 9 ! female4 ,h] head is pale br[n3 a :ite l9e passes across ! eyes2 ! upp] "p is r$di% grey1 t+$ ) olive2 ! "u "p1 except ! ?roat1 :i* is :ite1 is pale grey1 t+$ ) yell[2 ! quill-fea!rs are d>k] br[n ?an ! tail1 ) an olive grey bord]4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild !y are f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 :]ev] ru%es & re$s ab\nd4 ,!y arrive 9 ,g]many t[>ds ! middle ( ,april1 & leave x ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,z !y are v delicate1 9 ! h\se !y mu/ be kept 9 a night+ale's cage4 ,,food4--,:5 wild x fe$s on all k9ds ( aquatic insects1 &1 :5 ^! fail1 on b]ries4 ,9 ! h\se1 indep5d5tly ( night+ale's food1 x requires 9 a cage all ! insects t c be caught1 z flies1 wat]-spid]s1 & gnats4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/1 r long & v +5i\sly fa/5$ to ! /ems ( ! re$s or ! bran*es ( bu%es by ! wat] side1 is con/ruct$ ( pieces ( dri$ grass1 ( :i* ! l>ge/ are on ! outside1 & ! f9] )92 ^! are sometimes mix$ ) wool & hair4 ,! eggs1 five or six 9 numb]1 are gre5i% :ite1 /reak$ & speckl$ ) olive gre54 ,! "y ones c only be re>$ on ants' eggs4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,^! birds are sometimes caught by plac+ lime twigs on a place cle>$ ( ! turf1 & ?r[+ meal-worms !re4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! song ( ! re$ w>bl] v mu* resembles t ( ! arb\r bird1 b is n s full2 :at r5d]s x s agreeable is1 t its v>i$ melody is he>d dur+ ev5+ & morn+ twilight4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,re$ ,,w>bl]4 ,?is is a v v>iable bird 9 its col\rs1 "s be+ ( a v pale col\r1 & o!rs altoge!r z d>k1 & ^? t are pale "o season frequ5tly become d>k ! ensu+ "o4 ,x is a curi\s little lively bird1 kn[n (t5 by ! "n ( re$ wr54 ,x g5]ally makes its appe>ance ) u ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 & leaves u 9 ,septemb]4 ,its e>ly or late dep>ture seems to dep5d a good deal on ! w>m? or coolness ( ! seasons4 ,x is a v m]ry bird1 almo/ cont9ually s++1 & w s+ by night z well z by day1 sitt+ among/ ! re$s1 or 9 "s bu% or tree ne> ! wat]1 :]e x fe$s on ! gnats & o!r insects t infe/ moi/ situations4 ,x is v fond ( flies1 spid]s1 small cat]pill>s1 mo?s1 gras%opp]s1 crickets1 & _m o!r insects1 & w swall[ a l>g] "o ?an c\ld be imag9$ = s small a bird4 ,9 conf9em5t x w fe$ readily on ! g5]al food1 & is also v fond ( ! yolk ( an egg boil$ h>d1 s t x may be crumbl$ on ! top ( ! o!r food1 or put 9 ! cage 9 an empty egg-%ell4 ,x %\ld also be suppli$ ) a few insects occasionally1 su* z flies1 spid]s1 small cat]pill>s1 mo?s1 or butt]flies4 ,be+ an inhabitant ( ! sides ( dit*es & riv]s1 x is v p>tial to wa%+1 :i* x mu/ n be all[$ to d 9 w9t]1 or x w wa% itself until x is s weak t x c nev] recov]4 ,,! ,,s$ge ,,bird4 ,sylvia ,phragmitis1 ,,be*/e92 ,s4 salic>ia1 ,,la?am2 ,le ,bec-f9 ,phragmite1 ,,temm9ck2 ,d] ,s*ilsng]1 ,,mey]4 ,! weight ( ?is species is ab\t ?ree dra*ms2 l5g? five in*es & a half2 bill dusky above1 :iti% b5ea?2 irides hazel2 cr[n ( ! head & :ole upp] p>ts ( a yell[i% br[n1 pla9 on ! back & sides ( ! neck1 rump1 & upp] tail-cov]ts2 tail l ! quills a little cunei=m1 :i*1 :5 spread1 gives x a r\nd$ %ape2 legs dusky4 ,,mr4 ,,sweet',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,s$ge ,,bird4 ,9 habit & mann] ! pres5t species approa*es to ! =m]1 b is a mu* h&som] bird2 ?\gh n s r>e1 x frequ5ts ! sides ( dit*es1 ponds1 & riv]s1 l ! la/ species1 :]e x p\rs =? its v>iable diurnal & nocturnal song almo/ incessantly1 on its fir/ arrival 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* is g5]ally ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 leav+ u aga9 ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb]4 ,x builds its ne/ 9 a ?icket ( re$s1 or o!r tall wat]-grass1 on :i* x is fa/5$ up ) ! webs ( cat]pill>s1 simil> to t ( ! =m]1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! bran*es ( trees1 s t no w9d or /orm c move x4 ,! song ( ! pres5t species is some:at simil> to t ( ! la/1 b is m %rill & *att]+2 "s p pref] x to t ( ! latt] species1 b ,i d n1 z x wants "s f9e deep notes t ! o!r possesses3 x is also an imitative bird1 its song be+ int]mix$ ) ! call ( ! sp>r[ & p>ts ( ! songs ( o!r birds4 ,its food is precisely ! same z t ( ! la/ species2 & 9 conf9em5t ! treatm5t = bo? mu/ be exactly alike4 ,,! ,,wr54 ,illu/ration ,motacilla ,troglodytes1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,roitelet1 ou ,troglodite1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,zaunknig1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is1 except ! ruf\s *iff-*aff & ! gold-cre/$ wr51 is ! smalle/ bird ( our climate4 ,x is only ?ree in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & a half4 ,! beak is five l9es1 r curv$ at ! po9t1 dusky above1 yell[i% :ite bel[1 & yell[ )92 ! iris is hazel br[n2 ! %anks are sev5 l9es high1 & greyi% br[n2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is dusky ru/ br[n1 ) indi/9ct d>k br[n /reaks across4 ,! female is small]1 ( a r$d] br[n1 & confus$ly /reak$ across2 ! feet are yell[i%4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild x is f\nd all ov] ,europe1 & p>ticul>ly frequ5ts m\nta9\s & woody places4 ,x does n quit u1 b rema9s 9 w9t]1 z 9 summ]1 ne> our dwell+s4 ,9 ! h\se1 on acc\nt ( its livel9ess1 x is giv5 r a l>ge cage1 ! b>s ( :i* %\ld be v ne> toge!r4 ,if all[$ to range x may easily escape ?r\gh small op5+s1 z x is v fond ( p5etrat+ su* crevices4 ,,food4--,at lib]ty1 x consi/s ?r\gh\t ! ye> ( small insects1 :i* x seeks 9 w9t] 9 b>ns1 /ables1 cell>s1 holes 9 walls1 & piles ( wood4 ,9 autumn1 h[ev]1 x w eat bo? unripe & black eld]b]ries4 ,z soon z x is br\ght into ! h\se x mu/ be pl5tifully suppli$ ) meal-worms1 flies1 eld]b]ries1 & !n gradually add night+ales' pa/e1 :i* w soon become its ord9>y food4 ,x is only by adopt+ ?is me?od t ,i h be5 successful 9 pres]v+ "o ( ^! birds4 ,,bre$+4--,any nook appe>s to suit ! wr5 to build its l>ge ne/ 92 :i* may be f\nd 9 a hole ( a tree1 among/ ! roots1 "u a ro(1 or a cavity "u gr\nd2 e place is suitable1 provid$ ! ne/ c be conceal$4 ,?is is oval1 cov]$ ) moss on ! outside1 & l9$ ) fea!rs & hair4 ,x has an op5+ at ! top or side to g 9 & out by4 ,! female lays f six to eight pretty little :ite eggs1 speckl$ ) r$4 ,! "y ones are ru/y r$1 spott$ ) black & :ite4 ,!y may be re>$ on ants' eggs1 add+1 z soon z !y c fly1 ! univ]sal pa/e2 b !y always pref] ants' eggs4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,if 9 w9t]1 a :ite-?roat trap is set 9 a place mu* frequ5t$ by ^! birds1 & meal-worms scatt]$ )9 & ar\nd x4 ,9 ?is ! wr5s w surely be caught4 ,!y may be entrapp$ 9 autumn ) spr+ traps & spr+es1 by hang+ eld]b]ries be=e2 b1 aft] e precaution1 !y g5]ally break _! legs4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its sprightl9ess is pleas+1 & its actions gay & v>i$4 ,x has a v p[]ful voice = its size1 & its song is cont9u$ ?r\gh\t ! ye>2 x is s(t1 & m+l$ ) "s notes ( ! can>y1 :i* are ! m pleas+ z !y consi/ ( di/9ct l\d tones always desc5d+4 ,its call is tzrr1 tzetz]]r6 ,i h nev] pres]v$ "o m ?an a ye>1 b o!r amateurs say !y may be kept two or ?ree4 ,,! ,,gold-,,cre/$ ,,wr54 ,motacilla ,regulus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,p\l1 ou ,roitelet hupp1 ,,buffon2 ,das ,goldhhn*51 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ! smalle/ ( ,european birds4 ,x is ?ree in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & a qu>t]4 ,! beak is f\r l9es1 sl5d]1 v %>p1 & black1 hav+ ! no/rils cov]$ ) a fea!r divid$ l a comb2 ! iris is dusky2 ! %anks are eight l9es 9 height1 & br[ni% fle%-col\r$2 ! =ehead is yell[i% br[n2 a black /reak ext5ds f ! corn]s ( ! beak to ! eyes1 above :i* is a :ite /reak1 & bel[ !m a :ite speck2 ! top ( ! head is saffron yell[1 ea* side edg$ ) gold5 yell[1 beyond :i* is a black b&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gold-,,cre/$ ,,wr54 ,! female has ! top ( ! head gold5 yell[1 ! =ehead & w+s grey4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ^! pretty little birds are diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! old _w1 pr9cipally frequ5t+ p9e & fir =e/s1 & d n appe> to migrate1 except+ ^? t inhabit nor!rn c\ntries1 & g t[>ds ! s\? 9 ,octob]1 & return 9 ,m>*2 at lea/1 !y are !n obs]v$ on _! passage1 9 ,g]many1 ! h$ges be+ full ( !m 9 spr+2 b ^? e/abli%$ among u rema91 z !y are se5 all ! ye>4 ,!y assemble 9 small flights 9 w9t]1 & fly ab\t "h & !re1 l ! tits1 seek+ places :]e _! food is mo/ abundant4 ,9 ! h\se a bell-%ap$ cage appe>s to suit !m be/4 ,sev]al may be kept toge!r 9 a "p ( a room enclos$ ) trellis "w1 & ) a small fir tree = !m to p]* on4 ,re>$ f ! ne/1 !y may be all[$ to p]* on a tree 9 ! room1 :i* !y enjoy s mu* t !y are nev] f> f x2 if !re are _m !y w p]* 9 a r[1 press close side by side1 & sleep 9 ?is mann]4 ,,food4--,9 ! wild /ate x fe$s on all k9ds ( small insects & _! grubs2 !y are1 h[ev]1 able to swall[ l>ge flies1 z ! beak has a wide op5+4 ,9 ! h\se ! gold-cre/s are soon accu/om$ to ! night+ales' pa/e1 by ?r[+ among/ x at fir/ flies depriv$ ( _! w+s1 or half dead1 & at l5g? !y w be satisfi$ ) bruis$ hemp-se$2 b !y mu/ h insects occasionally1 flies1 meal-worms cut small1 ants' eggs1 c42 f9ally1 to keep !m heal?y1 _! pa/e %\ld be nei!r too /iff nor too moi/1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid _! swall[+ rape or camel9 se$1 :i* w\ld imm$iately kill !m#ajf4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/1 fix$ to ! extremity ( a bran*1 is r\nd1 & v s(t1 built ( moss1 cat]pill>'s cocoons1 & tufts ( ?i/le d[n2 x is g5]ally f\nd 9 l[ und]wood or mead[s ) woods adjo9+1 on ! fir/ tree t[>ds ! ea/4 ,ab\t n9e eggs are laid1 ! size ( a pea1 & pale blu% r$4 ,^? "y ones int5d$ to be re>$ mu/ n be tak5 f ! ne/ till !y are fl$g$1 & x is be/ to cat* !m j z !y are leav+ ! ne/4 ,!y eat readily meal-worms cut small1 flies1 ants' eggs1 & :ite bread soak$ 9 boil$ milk4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,z !y are n fe>ful1 !y may easily be caught by g5tly approa*+ ! tree :]e "o is p]*$1 & m]ely /rik+ x ) a lim$ twig fa/5$ to a pole long en\gh to rea* x4 ,x may be br\ght d[n also ) wat]1 9 ! mann] adopt$ by ,m4 ,le ,vaillant1 t is1 by fir/ putt+ into a gun ! common *>ge ( p[d]1 !n a wadd+ ( silk1 !n1 z soon z ! bird is )9 rea*1 two spoonfuls ( wat] are p\r$ 9 & cov]$ ) a second wadd+ ( silk1 :i* mu/ n be ramm$ d[n h>d1 le/ ! wat] %\ld rea* ! p[d] bel[4 ,?is load1 dis*>g$ at ! di/ance ( tw5ty paces1 is capable ( wett+ ! bird s completely t x may be tak5 by ! h&2 b if !re are h$ges 9 ! neighb\rhood1 or if a /rong] bird be fir$ at1 a *aff9*1 = in/ance1 x may easily escape4 ,_m gold-cre/$ wr5s may be caught by means ( a hut set = any small birds1 :5 ! way to attract !m is kn[n4 ,!y come 9 great numb]s to ! wat] trap1 & by _! (t5 repeat$ call ( tzitt1 tzitt1 give notice ( sunset & ! arrival ( l>g] birds4 ,!y w soon gr[ tame en\gh to eat out ( ! h&4 ,on acc\nt ( _! delicacy1 _m (t5 die be=e a p]son succe$s 9 re>+ "o2 b :5 once accu/om$ to ! h\se !y w live a long "t1 at lea/ if n hurt by o!r birds1 & if !y d n swall[ :at !y _c dige/4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! smallness ( _! size1 _! elegance & beauty1 r5d] !m a pleasant acquisition2 b _! song adds to _! attractions1 = ?\gh weak x is v melodi\s1 & resembles t ( ! can>y4 ,,! ,,hon4 ,,& ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,h]b]t',s ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,gold-,,cre/$ ,,wr54 ,! gold5-cre/$ wr5 & ! common br[n wr5 are bo? v impati5t ( cold4 ,9 conf9em5t1 ! lea/ fro/ is imm$iately fatal to !m4 ,9 a wild /ate !y keep !mselves w>m by con/ant active motion 9 ! day1 & at night !y secrete !mselves 9 places :]e ! fro/ _c rea* !m2 b ,i appreh5d t numb]s d p]i% 9 sev]e w9t]s4 ,i once caught half a doz5 gold5 wr5s at ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 & !y liv$ extremely well ^u egg & meat1 be+ exce$+ly tame4 ,at roo/+ "t !re 0 always a :imsical conflict among/ !m = ! inside places1 z be+ ! w>me/1 :i* end$ ( c\rse by ! weake/ go+ to ! wall4 ,! sc5e began ) a l[ :i/l+ call among/ !m to roo/1 & ! two birds on ! extreme "r & left flew on ! backs ( ^? 9 ! c5tre1 & squeez$ !mselves into ! middle4 ,a fre% c\ple f ! flanks imm$iately r5ew$ ! attack ^u ! c5tre1 & ! conflict cont9u$ till ! light began to fail !m4 ,a sev]e fro/ 9 ,febru>y kill$ all b "o ( !m 9 "o night1 ?\gh 9 a furni%$ draw+-room4 ,! survivor 0 pres]v$ 9 a little cage by bury+ x e night "u ! s(a cu%ions2 b hav+ be5 "o %>p morn+ tak5 f "u !m be=e ! room 0 suffici5tly w>m$ by ! fire1 ?\gh p]fectly well :5 remov$1 x 0 dead 9 t5 m9utes4 ,! night+ale is n mu* m t5d] ( cold ?an a can>y bird4 ,! gold5-cr[n$ wr5 v mu* frequ5ts spruce fir trees & c$>s1 & hangs its ne/ "u _! bran*es2 x is also fond ( ! neighb\rhood ( furze bu%es1 "u :i* x probably f9ds w>m refuge f ! cold4 ,! br[n wr5 is v apt 9 fro/y wea!r to roo/ 9 c[-h\ses1 :]e ! cattle keep x w>m4 ,,! ,,alp9e ,,w>bl]4 ,/urnus coll>is1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,motacilla ,alp9a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,fauvette des ,alpes1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,alp5sng]1 ,,be*/e94 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ?is bird are s equivocal t x is sometimes rank$ ) ! l>ks1 sometimes ) ! />l+s1 & sometimes ) ! ,motacill4 ,x is six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 b ! tail alone measures ne>ly ?ree4 ,! beak is six l9es1 & is d>k br[n above & orange b5ea?2 ! m&ibles are flatti% at ! sides2 ! iris is yell[2 ! %anks are an in* high1 & pale br[n2 a :iti% a% grey pr$om9ates on ! head1 neck1 & back1 b ! latt] is /reak$ ) d>k br[n1 ! o!rs ) pale br[n4 ,! female & "y ones are v>iegat$ ) d>k br[n on ! belly2 ! back is d>k1 & ! spots on ! ?roat less app>5t4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species frequ5ts ! second>y m\nta9s ( ,switz]l& & s\!rn ,g]many1 & is z common !re z ! field l>ks on our pla9s#ajg4 ,9 w9t] x desc5ds into ! valleys1 & approa*es villages & b>ns1 ar\nd :i* ^! birds may be caught1 9 z great numb]s z yell[hamm]s4 ,!y are g5]ally se5 on ! gr\nd1 runn+ z swiftly z ! wagtail1 & w sometimes hop on /ones1 b r>ely p]* on trees4 ,!y fe$ on se$s & insects1 & 9 ! h\se !y %\ld be giv5 bruis$ hemp-se$1 poppy-se$1 :ite bread1 & ants' eggs4 ,on ?is food !y may be pres]v$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,_! song is sweet1 b sad & melan*oly2 _! attitudes are graceful1 & (t5 :5 !y hop !y flutt] _! w+s & tail4 ,!y build on ! gr\nd or 9 clefts ( rocks1 :i* has giv5 !m ! "n ( rock l>ks#ajh4 ,,! ,,oxeye1 ,,or ,,great] ,,tit#aji4 ,p>us major1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la grosse ,msange1 ou ,*>bonnire1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,kohlmeise1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is well-kn[n bird is five in*es & five-six?s 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures two & a half4 ,! beak is blacki%1 conical1 firm1 po9t$1 & )\t slope1 z are ! beaks ( ! o!r tits2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! %anks are n9e l9es high1 & lead blue2 ! claws are %>p1 & adapt$ = climb+2 ! upp] "p ( ! head is ( a brilliant black1 :i* is jo9$ to ! black ( ! ?roat by a l9e ( ! same col\r t bord]s & sets (f ! :ite ( ! *eeks & temples2 ! nape is gre5i% yell[1 ) "s mixture ( :ite2 ! back is f9e olive1 & ! rump pale a% grey2 ! brea/ & belly are a yell[i% gre51 divid$ l5g?ways by a black l9e4 ,! female is small]1 ! black on ! head & ! yell[ on ! nape are less bright2 ! l9e t runs d[n ! belly is n>r[] & %ort]1 at lea/ x is lo/ at ! "p :]e 9 ! male x is wide/2 ?is m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 "y males & females1 :i* are alike 9 o!r respects4 ,,habitation4--,9 its wild /ate x is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! old _w1 b 9 ! greate/ numb]s 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries1 :]e or*>ds & groves ab\nd1 & woods ( bee*1 oak1 & simil> trees1 are f\nd alt]nately ) ^? ( fir4 ,?\gh ^! birds d n migrate1 yet 9 autumn !y assemble & pass ! w9t] toge!r1 seek+ _! food among/ or*>ds & woods4 ,9 autumn1 z soon z ! bird-cat*]s see ^! flights ( tits succe$ ea* o!r quickly1 !y call x _! passage1 & imm$iately prep>e sn>es = tak+ !m4 ,9 ,m>* ea* pair sep>ates & prep>es = bre$+4 ,9 ! h\se1 if kept 9 a cage1 ?is %\ld be ( iron wire1 & bell-%ap$1 = ! advantage ( see+ ! birds twirl ab\t1 & drop f "o /ick to ano!r l monkeys4 ,if !y be all[$ to range1 x is necess>y to supply !m ) abundance ( ! food !y l1 = if ?is fails !y w attack ! o!r birds1 & pi]ce _! heads to eat ! bra92 :5 once !y h ta/$ ?is food !re is no long] safety = ! birds ar\nd !m1 :atev] _! size may be4 ,i h se5 an oxeye attack a quail & kill x 9 ?is way4 ,"s bird-cat*]s say t ! tits ) =k$ tails are alone addict$ to ?is1 b !y are mi/ak52 x is c]ta9ly true t "s are m cruel ?an o!rs1 exp]i5ce tea*es u ?is e day4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y fe$ on insects1 se$s1 & b]ries1 de/roy _m smoo? cat]pill>s1 flies1 gras%opp]s1 gnats1 & small butt]flies1 & climb ab\t ! trees l woodpeck]s1 seek+ 9 ! moss ! eggs & grubs ( insects4 ,9 autumn & w9t] !y eat all k9ds ( se$s1 especially hemp-se$1 fir1 & p9e-se$1 oats1 k]nels ( fruit1 ma/ nuts1 & occasionally fle%4 ,!y hold ^! ?+s 9 _! claws1 te> !m ) _! beak1 & sk9 !m ) _! tongue4 ,9 ! h\se !y w eat any ?+ on ! table1 meat1 bread1 *eese1 vegetables1 sweet almonds1 walnuts1 filb]ts1 l>d1 & all sorts ( fat1 all pa/es adapt$ = o!r birds2 s t we mu/ n attribute _! e>ly dea? to ! delicacy ( ! tits1 b to ! want ( c>e 9 ^? t h !m4 ,! m !y eat ! m !y s+1 & ! less incl9$ !y are to attack _! companions4 ,!y dr9k (t51 & enjoy ba?+4 ,,bre$+4--,! oxeye builds 9 a hole ( a tree or wall1 sometimes 9 ! =sak5 ne/ ( a squirrel1 cr[1 or woodpeck]4 ,x lays on an artless b$ ( moss1 wool1 & fea!rs1 eight or t5 :iti% eggs1 spr9kl$ ) l>ge & small spots mix$ ) /reaks ( d>k r$1 p>ticul>ly at ! l>ge end1 :]e !y =m a coronet4 ,! "y d n quit ! ne/ till !y c fly well4 ,! "u p>ts ( ! body are pale yell[2 & ! black ab\t !m is n glossy z 9 ! old birds4 ,,diseases4--,9 a cage1 ?is species is subject to v]tigo or gidd9ess1 occasion$ by fe$+ too mu* on hemp-se$1 :i* heats x & makes x twirl ab\t too mu*4 ,to cure ! disord]1 ! bird %\ld be kept = "s "t 9 a small squ>e cage1 or p]mitt$ to range ! room4 ,f ! same cause (t5 arises atrophy1 consumption1 & ev5 g\t1 all :i* proves ! injuri\s qualities ( hemp-se$2 b ) c>e on ?is po9t & a little att5tion x may live eight or t5 ye>s4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,! *ase aft] tits1 is1 accord+ to bird-cat*]s1 "o ( ! mo/ agreeable1 & is pursu$ 9 _m ways2 b ,i %all conf9e myself to two or ?ree ( ! sure/ me?ods1 specify+ ! be/ = tak+ ^? birds t are = ! h\se4 ,9 autumn & spr+1 ! bird-cat*] %\ld g into an or*>d1 or any o!r place mu* frequ5t$ by oxeyes1 c>ry+ "o ) him z a decoy2 ?is mu/ be plac$ on ! gr\nd 9 a small squ>e cage1 & "s /icks1 ) lime-twigs fa/5$ to !m1 fix$ obliquely ar\nd x4 ,! tits1 attract$ by curiosity1 or ! desire ( approa*+ "o ( _! own species t calls !m1 quickly desc5d1 & are caught 9 ! lime-twigs4 ,a :i/le made ( ! bone ( a goose's leg succe$s /ill bett]2 ) ?is in/rum5t all ! tits 9 ! neighb\rhood are quickly assembl$2 = ! tone be+ /rong] ?an ! natural call1 x is he>d f>!r2 if !re are b few ( ^! birds ne>1 !y are sure to be all caught4 ,!y are easily attract$1 9 w9t]1 to a trap1 by ! k]nels ( nuts1 l>d1 & oats4 ,?is trap %\ld be plac$ 9 a g>d51 ) a little oat /raw fa/5$ "u 9 su* a way t x may be se5 at a di/ance1 z ! tits are in/antly attract$ !reby4 ,x is a small box a foot 9 l5g?1 & eighte5 in*es 9 height & wid?1 ! sides ( :i*1 :5 n made ( small bo>ds pa9t$ gre51 are =m$ ( small eld] /icks1 ti$ or screw$ to ! f\r corn] /icks2 9 ?is case only two small bo>ds are requir$1 "o = ! bottom1 ! o!r = ! cov]1 :i* mu/ be fa/5$ on ) pack?read1 & turn z ) h+es2 f ! middle ( ! bottom rises a peg support+ a cross /ick1 ) a nut k]nel at "o end1 & a little l>d at ! o!r2 ?is cross /ick supports a small p]p5dicul> "o1 :i* keeps ! cov] op5 ?ree or f\r in*es4 ,:5 a tit hops on ! cross /ick & beg9s peck+ ! nut or l>d1 ! cov] falls1 & ! bird is caught4 ,! oxeye1 l ! o!r tits1 assembles 9 numb]s at ! wat]-trap1 commonly f sev5 to n9e 9 ! morn+1 & f f\r to five 9 ! ev5+4 ,9 autumn ^! birds are tak5 9 nooses & common bird-traps1 bait$ ) b]ries1 b ! sn>e mu/ be ( horse hair1 = if ( ?read1 ! bird1 z soon z x feels itself caught1 w try to bite ?r\gh x1 z mice d4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! sprightl9ess & activity ( ^! birds are v pleas+1 b _! gay & lively song /ill m s3 9 x are agreeably m+l$ ! call fick1 fick & ! %rill tziz]r4 ,no?+1 9 my op9ion1 is m pleas+ ?an to he> repeat$ fifte5 or tw5ty times foll[+ ^! /rik+ notes1 sitzida1 sitzida1 /iti1 /iti4 ,"o may judge ( ! capability ( "y ones to imitate ! song ( o!r birds1 f ! facility ) :i* ! full-gr[n birds le>n deta*$ p>ts1 & p>ticul>ly diff]5t calls4 ,"s p amuse !mselves by mak+ ^! birds p]=m _m little manoeuvres1 su* z draw+ up _! food ) a *a91 turn+ a cyl9d]#aaj :i* has ! appe>ance ( be+ mov$ by two m9]s1 & hopp+ aft] a nut susp5d$ to a ?read4 ,,! ,,cole ,,tit4 ,illu/ration ,p>us at]1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la petite ,*>bonnire1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,tann5meise1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is f\r in*es & "o-six?1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & ! beak "o qu>t]4 ,! back is black1 ) ! tip light]2 ! iris is dusky2 ! %anks are eight l9es high1 & lead blue2 ! upp] "p ( ! head & neck are black2 !re is r a broad /reak ( :ite at ! back ( ! head & d[n ! nape ( ! neck2 ! *eeks & sides ( ! neck are also :ite1 =m+1 :5 ! bird is at re/1 a triangul> spot2 ! back is d>k blui% a% grey4 ,! female is n easily di/+ui%$ f ! male1 unless bo? are be=e y2 its be+ a little less black on ! brea/1 & a little less :ite on ! sides1 are ! only diff]5ces4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ^! birds are se5 9 great numb]s 9 p9e =e/s1 & seldom1 except dur+ _! w&]+s 9 autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+1 are !y met ) 9 o!r k9ds ( woods1 groves1 & or*>ds4 ,!y (t5 pass f "o p9e =e/ to ano!r 9 l>ge flights dur+ ! w9t]#aaa4 ,!y appe> to l ! society ( ! gold-cre/$ wr5s1 :i* are always f\nd 9 ^! flights1 z also "s cre/$ tits1 :i* s]ve z guides4 ,9 ! h\se x is pleasant] to all[ !m to range ) ! o!r birds ?an to keep !m 9 a cage1 yet !re is "s dang] to _! companions f _! cruelty4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 besides insects & _! grubs1 !y fe$ on ! se$s ( diff]5t res9\s trees2 b z !y are (t5 depriv$ ( ?is food 9 w9t] f ! trees be+ load$ ) sn[ & ho> fro/1 nature has giv5 !m ! in/9ct to provide aga9/ ?is em]g5cy3 !y hide a great quantity ( ^! se$s 9 fissures1 & "u ! l>ge scales ( ! b>k ( p9e trees1 to :i* /ore !y h rec\rse :5 9 want4 ,! in/9ct j allud$ to is manife/$ also 9 ! h\se1 ev5 :5 !y h abundance ( all k9ds ( food2 :]e !y are obs]v$ to rob ! o!r birds ( se$s & bits ( nuts1 & run & hide !m imm$iately 9 any crevices !y may f9d1 (t5 visit+ ^! /ol5 /ores aft]w>ds to see if !y are safe4 ,! blue tit & ! oxeye are also accu/om$ to c>ry "p ( _! food into a corn]1 b !y d n hide ) s mu* c>e1 or f ! same cause1 z ! cole tit4 ,^! birds are commonly f$ on ! univ]sal pa/e1 b !y are accu/om$ to x ) difficulty4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species g5]ally places its ne/ ei!r 9 "s hole des]t$ by a mole or m\se1 or "u ! ov]hang+ edges ( "s deep :eel-rut 9 an old disus$ road1 r>ely 9 holes ( trees or walls4 ,! ne/ is compos$ ( a lay] ( moss cov]$ ov] ) ! fur ( ! h>e1 roe-buck1 & /ag4 ,!re are two broods 9 ! ye>1 ea* ( six or eight :ite eggs1 prettily speckl$ ) pale r$4 ,! plumage ( ! "y diff]s f t ( ! old only 9 hav+ ! black dull] & less glossy4 ,,diseases4--,decl9e is ! mo/ common disord] ( ^! birds1 & x is sometimes prev5t$ by giv+ !m fre% ants' eggs1 p>ticul>ly :5 m\lt+4 ,i kept a cole tit six ye>s1 & x !n di$ ( old age1 hav+ fir/ become bl9d1 & be5 (t5 attack$ ) v]tigo or gidd9ess4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,less timid & di/ru/ful ?an ! oxeye1 ?is species may be caught ) great] ease4 ,a lim$ twig fa/5$ to a pole is (t5 suffici5t1 ) :i* y approa* ! tree on :i* ! bird is1 &1 t\*+ x ) ! twig1 x becomes y\r prison]4 ,its call is tzip teune4 ,l all ! tits1 x is delicate1 &1 9 ! h\se1 (t5 dies soon be=e be+ accu/om$ to ! common pa/e4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,?is is a v amus+ little bird2 bold1 lively always 9 motion1 hopp+ & flutt]+ ab\t cont9ually4 ,its song is only a cla%+ ( h>% tones1 reliev$ by a cle> sonor\s tzifi1 repeat$ tw5ty times 9 succession4 ,x sometimes ends1 h[ev]1 ) s reflective an air1 t y w\ld ?9k x 0 go+ to give some?+ v f9e4 ,,! ,,blue ,,tit1 ,,or ,,tom ,,tit4 ,illu/ration ,p>us cruleus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,msange bleue1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,blaumeise1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is pretty bird is f\r in*es & a half long1 ( :i* ! tail measures two4 ,! beak is ?ree l9es 9 l5g?1 & dusky1 b :iti% at ! edges & tip2 ! iris is d>k br[n2 ! %anks are eight l9es high1 & lead blue2 ! front ( ! head & *eeks are :ite2 a :ite l9e pass+ f ! =ehead above ! eyes =ms a bord] to ! f9e sky-blue ( ! top ( ! head2 a black l9e crosses ! eyes2 ! black ( ! ?roat becomes on ! sides ( ! neck a d>k blue b&1 :i* surr\nds ! head4 ,! female is r small] ?an ! male1 ! /reaks ab\t ! head n be+ s cle>ly def9$1 :ile ! blue has ! appe>ance ( be+ t+$ ) a% grey4 ,! l9e d[n ! "u "p ( ! body is sc>cely obs]vable4 ,,habitation4--,^! birds1 9 _! wild /ate1 frequ5t woods1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( bee* & oak4 ,dur+ autumn & w9t] !y w&] f "o place to ano!r1 & are (t5 se5 9 consid]able numb]s 9 our or*>ds4 ,9 ! h\se !y may be kept 9 a cage l ! oxeye2 b x is pref]able to let !m hop & flutt] ab\t at pleasure1 z _! plumage is !n se5 to ! greate/ advantage4 ,!y are z mis*iev\s & qu>relsome z ! oxeye1 & pursue ! o!r birds 9 ! same mann]1 ev5 kill+ !m :5 !y are /rong en\gh4 ,,food4--,:5 wild !y fe$ on insects & _! grubs1 & 9 autumn on b]ries#aab4 ,9 ! h\se !y %\ld be giv5 ! same food z ! oxeye1 accu/om+ !m to x at fir/ by mix+ bruis$ hemp-se$ ) x4 ,!y l to wa% !mselves4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/1 plac$ at ! top ( a tree 9 an old holl[ bran*1 is built ( moss1 hair1 & fea!rs4 ,?is species lays f eight to t5 r$di% :ite eggs1 speckl$ & spott$ ) br[n4 ,! plumage ( ! "y birds diff]s f t ( ! old] ones1 only 9 be+ less bright & glossy4 ,,diseases4--,mo/ ( ^! birds t are caught 9 w9t]1 are attack$ ) v]tigo1 or gidd9ess1 aft] be+ 9 ! h\se a few days1 fall to ! "r & left1 & be+ unable to f9d _! food1 soon die4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,!y may be caught 9 ! same way z ! oxeye4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! blue tit is easily tam$1 & lives two or ?ree ye>s4 ,its beauty & activity are m attractive ?an its song1 :i* is m]ely an indi/9ct w>bl+1 compos$ ( a few /ra9s1 among/ :i* "s high] notes are occasionally introduc$4 ,,! ,,m>% ,,tit4 ,illu/ration ,p>us palu/ris1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,msange des m>ais1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,sumpfmeise1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is bird is f\r in*es & a half1 ( :i* ! tail measures ne>ly two2 ! beak is f\r l9es 9 l5g?1 & black2 ! %anks are five l9es high1 & lead blue2 ! upp] "p ( ! head1 z f> z ! nape1 is black2 ! temples & *eeks are :ite2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is br[ni% grey2 ! ?roat is black4 ,! female has less black on ! ?roat ?an ! male4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate1 ^! birds1 dur+ ! summ]1 frequ5t groves & or*>ds2 9 w9t]1 !y assemble 9 flocks1 & :5 !y move f place to place1 always fly 9 a l9e "o beh9d ! o!r#aac4 ,9 ! h\se !y %\ld be all[$ to flutt] & hop ab\t freely2 !y are v delicate1 & require a great deal ( c>e at fir/4 ,,food4--,:5 wild1 !y fe$ on insects1 se$s1 & eld]b]ries1 accord+ to ! season4 ,9 ! h\se !y eat ! same ?+s z o!r tits2 b at fir/1 ants' eggs & eld]b]ries mu/ be add$4 ,! se$s ( ! sunfl[] 7,helian?us major7 h succe$$ be/ ) me1 & pres]v$ !m 9 heal? longe/4 ,!y w also eat hemp-se$ & oats4 ,,bre$+4--,!y lay t5 or twelve ru/y :ite eggs1 spott$ ) r$di% yell[1 9 a hole ( a tree1 on a b$ ( moss1 hair1 & fea!rs4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,9 w9t] !y w easily ent] a trap bait$ ) nut k]nels or oats4 ,a sur] me?od is1 to lay lim$ twigs on a sunfl[] plant1 ! se$s ( :i* are ripe4 ,if ^! tits d n ent] ! g>d51 a plant mu/ be c>ri$ to a place mu* frequ5t$ by !m4 ,:5 once ^! birds h ta/$ ^! se$s1 !y appe> q cont5t$ 9 ! h\se4 ,x is only necess>y to supply !m freely2 !y w seize !m eag]ly directly aft] be+ tak54 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,_! pretty actions please1 & _! song is sweet4 ,!y relieve x occasionally by a lively /ra91 di>1 di>1 hitzi1 ailtz1 ailtz6 :i* is _! call 9 ! pair+ season4 ,i 0 nev] able to keep "o 9 ! h\se beyond two or ?ree ye>s4 ,,! ,,cre/$ ,,tit4 ,p>us cri/atus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,msange huppe1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,haub5meise1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is f\r in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 ( :i* ! tail measures "o & "o ?ird4 ,! beak is f\r l9es1 & black2 ! %anks are sev5 l9es high1 & lead blue2 ! head is adorn$ ) a cre/1 compos$ ( fea!rs ne>ly an in* long1 black tipp$ ) :ite1 :i* ! bird c erect at pleasure 9 a conical =m4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ^! birds frequ5t all ! p9e & fir woods 9 ,?ur+ia1 b are n s num]\s z ! o!r species#aad4 ,!y fly ab\t l[ bu%es1 & !re=e delight 9 places :]e junip] bu%es ab\nd4 ,9 ! h\se !y require ! same treatm5t z ! blue tit1 & ev5 great] att5tion2 !y c r>ely be tam$ :5 tak5 full gr[n#aae4 ,,food4--,9 a wild /ate x fe$s 9 ! same mann] z ! cole tit4 ,9 ! h\se x mu/ be fir/ f$ on ants' eggs1 flies1 & meal-worms4 ,x w aft]w>ds eat nuts & hemp-se$1 l ! o!r tits1 b x seems to require insects occasionally4 ,,bre$+4--,! ne/ is =m$ l t ( ! cole tit1 & plac$ 9 ! hole ( a tree1 among/ "s /ones1 or 9 l>ge =sak5 ne/s4 ,! brood consi/s ( f six to t5 sn[-:ite eggs1 spott$ ) bright r$4 ,! "y mu/ be re>$ on meal-worms cut small & ants' eggs4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is ! same :i* is adopt$ = cat*+ ! cole tits4 ,its call is grrky4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,its song is n /rik+1 b its =m & habits are v pleas+4 ,,! ,,be>d$ ,,tit1 ,,or ,,re$ ,,bird4 ,illu/ration ,p>us bi>micus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,msange b>bue1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,b>tmeise1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is s+ul> species is some:at 9 %ape l ! oxeye4 ,x is six in*es & a half 9 l5g?1 & measures t5 & a qu>t] across ! exp&$ w+s2 ! tail is two & ?ree qu>t]s4 ,! beak is f\r l9es long1 a little b5t at ! po9t1 & is orange dur+ life1 b becomes pale yell[ aft] dea?2 x is surr\nd$ at ! base ) black hairs4 ,! iris is yell[2 ! %anks are "o in* high1 & black2 ! head is pale a% grey2 a tuft ( black fea!rs1 :i* are plac$ "u ! eyes & t]m9ate 9 a po9t1 is no v slight imitation ( a m\/a*e4 ,! tail is w$ge-%ap$1 incl9+ to orange2 ! out] fea!rs are d>k at ! base & :iti% at ! tip2 ! ?ird is tipp$ ) :ite4 ,! female is )\t ! be>d1 or m\/a*e#aaf2 ! top ( ! head is ru/ r$1 spott$ ) black2 ! v5t is ( ! same col\r z ! belly4 ,,habitation4--,9 a wild /ate ^! birds are f\nd :]e !re are lakes1 l>ge ponds1 & ext5sive m>%es full ( re$s & aquatic plants2 !y r>ely %[ !mselves 9 summ]1 keep+ 9 pairs among/ ! tuft$ re$s2 b !y are se5 9 w9t]1 :5 food fail+ !m 9 ^! retreats1 !y fly ab\t 9 families1 p]*+ on ! trees & bu%es#aag4 ,9 ! h\se !y mu/ be kept 9 a l>ge cage to all[ !m pl5ty ( ex]cise1 unless p]mitt$ to range ! room1 :i* is /ill bett]4 ,,food4--,:5 wild ?is bird fe$s pr9cipally on aquatic insects & ! se$s ( ! common re$ 7,arundo phragmitis74 ,9 ! h\se !y are g5]ally fir/ f$ on poppy-se$1 ants' eggs1 & meal-worms1 & aft]w>ds on bruis$ hemp-se$ & ! food common = ! o!r tits4 ,x is be/ to re> !m f ! ne/1 z x is v difficult to pres]ve ^? tak5 :5 full gr[n4 ,,bre$+4--,! k on ?is head is v limit$3 ! ne/1 plac$ 9 ! int]wov5 /ems ( ! re$s1 is 9 ! %ape ( a purse1 & compos$ ( dri$ grass & ! d[n ( sev]al plants4 ,9 ?is ! female lays f\r or five speckl$ eggs1 ) a pale r$ gr\nd4 ,! "y birds %\ld be tak5 f ! ne/ :5 !y are ready to fly1 & f$ on ants' eggs & meal-worms cut small4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,!re is mu* difficulty 9 ?is4 ,fi%]m5 :o "k ! places frequ5t$ by ?is species place lim$ twigs on ! re$s1 & try g5tly to drive !m t[>ds "o side1 & sometimes cat* a few#aah4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,9 ?is bird are unit$ beautiful plumage1 a graceful %ape1 & sprightl9ess4 ,its song resembles t ( ! blue tit1 b its call is v diff]5t4 ,x is a pity x is s difficult to obta94 ,buffon says t all ( ?is species t are f\nd 9 ,engl& sprang f a pair ! ,c\ntess ( ,albem>le suff]$ to escape2 b mo/ likely !y _h n be5 se5 be=e f want ( att5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cato',s ,,dove',s ,,bre$+ ,,cage4 ,,doves4 ,,*>act]i/ics4--,! beak is sl5d]1 /raight1 r b5t at ! po9t1 swell$1 & cov]$ ) a fle%y membrane at ! base2 ! %anks are %ort2 ! toes are divid$ to _! orig94 ,doves fe$ uni=mly on gra91 ?\gh "s wild species also eat myrtle b]ries4 ,^! birds are fai?ful to _! mates1 & produce only two "y ones at ea* brood1 :i* !y fe$ on gra9 already s(t5$ 9 _! own crops#aai4 ,!y are g5]ally rang$ among/ ! pass]9e birds1 or among p\ltry1 b ,i ?9k x be/ to make !m a di/9ct ord]1 s9ce !y h _m di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics4 ,! species ,i %all m5tion are indig5\s1 & easily tam$ at any age4 ,,! ,,r+ ,,dove1 ,,or ,,cu%at4 ,illu/ration ,columba ,palumbus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,pigeon ,rami]1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,r+eltaube1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ! l>ge/ ( ! ,european wild pigeons1 be+ 9 l5g? sev5te5 in*es & a half4 ,"s naturali/s suppose ?is to be ! p>5t /ock ( our l>ge dome/ic pigeons2 b x _c be dome/icat$ s easily z ! /ock dove1 & nev] mixes ) ! common pigeons 9 ! fields4 ,x does n1 moreov]1 retire into holl[s1 l ^!1 b lives & builds 9 op5 & expos$ places4 ,! beak is r$di% :ite2 ! iris is pale yell[2 ! %anks are r$di%2 ! head & ?roat are d>k a% grey2 ! front ( ! neck & ! brea/ are purpli% a% grey2 ! sides & back ( ! neck are f9e iridesc5t purple2 an almo/ cresc5t-%ap$ :ite /reak adorns ! sides ( ! neck t[>ds ! base1 )\t q surr\nd+ x2 ! belly1 ! v5t1 & ! ?ighs1 are v pale grey2 ! sides are light a% grey2 ! upp] "p ( ! back1 ! scapul>s1 & ! less] w+-cov]ts1 are light br[ni% a% grey2 ! cov]ts ( ! prim>y quill-fea!rs are black2 ! rema9+ great] cov]ts are pale a% grey2 ! tail is d>k a% grey1 deep5+ into black at ! extremity4 ,9 ! female ! /reaks on ! sides ( ! neck are n s wide z 9 ! male2 h] brea/ is pal]1 & all ! w+-cov]ts are an obscure grey4 ,,habitation4--,?is species1 f\nd 9 ,europe & ,asia )9 ! temp]ate zone1 is v common 9 ! woods ( ,g]many & ,brita93 x quits u ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 9 small flights1 & does n return till ! middle ( ,m>*1 & sometimes lat]1 always "s weeks aft] ! /ock dove4 ,dur+ h>ve/ x frequ5ts small groves & deta*$ ?ickets1 to be ne>] ! corn fields4 ,,food4--,x fe$s on all k9ds ( corn & legum9\s se$s1 myrtle b]ries1 ) ! se$s ( p9es & firs4 ,:5 a r+ dove is caught x mu/ be fir/ f$ on :eat1 & o!r species ( corn %\ld by degrees be mix$ ) x1 b n oats4 ,x w only live a few ye>s 9 ! h\se4 ,,bre$+4--,?is species builds 9 trees1 & =ms its ne/ ( dri$ bran*es1 b s c>elessly t a r high w9d w (t5 bl[ x d[n4 ,! female has two broods 9 ! ye>1 & lays two l>ge :ite eggs ea* "t4 ,x succe$s v well to place ^! eggs "u a dome/ic pigeon1 & if c>e is tak5 to prev5t ! "y birds f migrat+ 9 autumn !y w aft]w>ds rema9 9 ! pigeon h\se1 go+ out & return+ l ! o!r pigeons t inhabit x2 b ,i h nev] obs]v$ t !y pair ) !m2 ,i h sometimes se5 ! r+ dove tread ! dome/ic pigeon1 b z yet no?+ has result$ f x2 future exp]im5ts may p]haps decide ?is po9t4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is ! same z ) ! /ock dove4 ,r+ doves tak5 :5 old r>ely eat1 & die ( hung] if !y are n cramm$1 l "y pigeons4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,besides be+ a f9e bird1 ! male coos 9 a v pleas+ & sonor\s mann]1 mov+ all ! "t ar\nd 8 mate1 n[ be=e1 !n beh9d1 hopp+ close to h] side1 & turn+ 8 head 9 e direction4 ,x may be r5d]$ v tame4 ,,! ,,turtle ,,dove4 ,columba ,turtur1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,t\rt]elle1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,turteltaube1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is pretty species is t5 or elev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is sl5d]1 & pale blue2 ! iris is r$di% yell[2 ! nak$ circle r\nd ! eyes is blu% r$2 ! legs & feet are r$di% purple2 ! =ehead is :iti%2 ! top ( ! head & upp] "p ( ! neck are pale blue2 f ?is to ! tail ! blue is m d+y2 on ea* side ( ! neck is a black spot /rip$ ) ?ree ( f\r cresc5t-%ap$ :ite l9es1 :i* has a pretty effect4 ,,habitation4--,9 _! wild /ate ^! birds are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! temp]ate p>ts ( ,europe & ,asia1 & also 9 _m ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s4 ,!y always pref] woods1 b nev] g f> into ^? on great *a9s ( m\nta9s2 !y also frequ5t deta*$ ?ickets1 & ev5 or*>ds :5 ne> =e/s4 ,be+ m delicate ?an ! two prec$+ species1 !y d n arrive 9 our woods till ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may1 & quit u 9 ,septemb]4 ,!y are (t5 se5 9 great numb]s 9 ! =e/s ( ,?ur+ia :5 ! p9e se$ has rip5$ well4 ,9 #aghh a prodigi\s numb] 7 se52 !y h nev] s9ce be5 s num]\s !re#abj4 ,9 ! h\se we keep !m )9 a grat$ p>tition ne> ! /ove1 :]e !y c range freely4 ,"y ones re>$ by a dome/ic pigeon are easily accu/om$ to ! dovecot1 b z !y are v s5sible to cold x is necess>y to w>m ! place !y are 9 dur+ w9t]4 ,^! birds multiply fa/1 ei!r pair$ among/ !mselves or ) ! coll>$ turtle dove4 ,,food4--,! se$s ( ! p9e seem to be _! fav\rite food "h1 b !y d n conf9e !mselves to x2 !y eat peas1 vet*es1 millet1 hemp-se$1 rye1 & :eat4 ,9 ! h\se !y may be f$ on bread & any gra9 at h&3 !y are easily pres]v$4 ,,bre$+4--,:5 wild1 _! ne/1 neglig5tly =m$ ( dri$ /icks1 is tol]ably secure :5 plac$ 9 a p9e1 b is (t5 bl[n d[n :5 9 a bee*4 ,! female lays two :ite eggs4 ,9 ! h\se ! turtle dove is giv5 a small /raw basket1 9 :i* x builds1 =1 :e!r re>$ f ! ne/1 or tak5 :5 full gr[n1 x pairs )\t difficulty1 & produces "y ones4 ,x w also pair ) ! coll>$ turtle4 ,! coo+ ( ! male is peculi>2 he utt]s a deep prolong$ s\nd1 !n b5ds 8 head & /ops4 ,! "y birds are grey on ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & spott$ ) blui% black on ! w+s4 ,^? sprung f a coll>$ & a common turtle dove are m or less l ei!r2 g5]ally !y are r$di% grey on ! head1 neck1 & brea/1 ! back & w+-cov]ts1 ) r$ appe>+ ?r\gh ! grey2 ! belly1 ! second>y quill-fea!rs1 & ! end ( ! tail1 are :ite1 & ! prim>ies greyi% br[n4 ,^! birds are fruitful1 & produce o!rs2 :at is curi\s is t !y are l>g] ?an ! p>5t birds1 & h a peculi> note4 ,?is is c]ta9ly also ! case ) o!r mule birds1 z ,i h (t5 obs]v$4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,?is is ! same z ) ! two prec$+ species2 sn>es plac$ :]e salt is /rew$ = de] are suffici5t4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,! inhabitants ( our =e/ villages are v fond ( hav+ ?is turtle dove 9 _! /ove ap>tm5ts1 less on acc\nt ( its agreeable qualities ?an f ! p]suasion t x cures _! colds & rheumatisms4 ,x is c]ta9ly true t ?is bird is g5]ally ill dur+ ! illness ( its ma/]s#aba4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 live six or eight ye>s 9 ! h\se4 ,,! ,,coll>$ ,,turtle4 ,columba risoria1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,t\rt]elle colli]1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,la*taube1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is twelve in*es 9 l5g?2 ! beak is r$di% :ite at ! base1 & dusky on ! rema9+ "p2 ! iris is gold5 yell[2 ! %anks are r$2 ! upp] "p ( ! body is r$di% :ite1 ! "u "p is pure :ite2 ! back ( ! neck is adorn$ ) a black cresc5t1 ! po9ts ( :i* turn =w>d1 & ! l[] "p is edg$ ) :ite2 ! %afts ( ! quill & tail fea!rs are dusky4 ,! female is :it] ?an ! male4 ,,habitation4--,?is species is a native ( ,india & ,*9a1 f :i* x has be5 br\ght to ,europe4 ,x is v common among our peasants1 :o fancy x has ! p[] ( cur+ _! colds & rheumatisms#abb4 ,!y assign ^! poor birds "s grat$ place ne> ! /ove1 sometimes "u a b5*2 if !y are all[$ to range1 _! w+s mu/ be clipp$1 to prev5t _! fly+ aga9/ ! w9d[s1 & break+ !m4 ,!y w g5]ally run "u ! /ove1 z !y are fond ( w>m?4 ,!y may be accu/om$ to ! dovecot1 b _! %[y plumage (t5 occasions !m to fall a prey to c>nivor\s birds4 ,x is also necess>y ei!r to w>m ! dovecot1 or remove !m to a heat$ room dur+ ! w9t]4 ,,food4--,!y pref] :eat1 & ?is %\ld be _! common food2 !y w also eat millet1 l9se$1 poppy1 & rape-se$1 & ev5 bread4 ,! peasants give !m ! sift+s ( _! corn4 ,,bre$+4--,a piece ( fur1 or s(t /uff1 or /ill bett]1 a little basket1 s]ves z ! f\ndation = _! ne/s4 ,to ?is !y m]ely add a little /raw1 on :i* !y lay two :ite eggs4 ,!y sit on ^! a =tnight1 b r>ely hat* m ?an "o1 ei!r f ! egg be+ unfruitful1 or f ! c>elessness ( ! p>5t birds4 ,x is !re=e r>e to see !m re> six "y ones 9 ! ye>4 ,^! resemble ! old ones1 & ! sex is kn[n by ! abs5ce or pres5ce ( ! r$di% col\r4 ,,diseases4--,besides decl9e1 !y are subject to all ! diseases t attack ! p]sons %ut up 9 ! same room2 small-pox1 :5 ! *ildr5 h x2 swoll5 legs1 :5 any "o is attack$ ) ?is compla9t2 & tum\rs 9 ! feet1 :5 ^! are preval5t4 ,?us we see !y p>take ( ! diseases ( _! ma/]s1 b )\t cur+ !m1 :i* is contr>y to ! ridicul\s p]suasion ( ! ignorant peasant4 ,yet ) all ^! evils !y w live sev5 ye>s4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,^! birds are v neat & g5tle4 ,_! coo+ resembles laught]2 b1 besides ?is1 ! male has o!r tones /ill m t5d]1 to invite 8 mate to come to ! ne/1 & he passes ! night close to h] side4 ,:5 he coos he does n turn l ! dome/ic pigeon1 b hops =w>d a little1 !n /ops1 b5ds 8 head to ! gr\nd1 & swells 8 crop4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,quail4 ,,p\ltry4 ,,*>act]i/ics4--,^! birds are *>act]is$ by ! beak be+ rais$1 & ! upp] m&ible be+ ar*$1 s t ! edges ( x g beyond ^? ( ! "u m&ible4 ,! no/rils are cov]$ ) a convex c>tilag9\s membrane2 ! tail is compos$ ( m ?an twelve fea!rs2 ! toes are connect$ z f> z ! fir/ jo9t4 ,mo/ ( ! species fe$ on gra91 :i* is s(t5$ 9 _! crops4 ,i only "k ( six species t c be tam$ 9 ! h\se4 ,,! ,,common ,,p>tridge4 ,tetrao ,p]drix1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p]drix grise1 ,,buffon2 ,das geme9e ,rebhuhn1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is well kn[n bird1 :i* is v fle%y1 & has b few fea!rs1 measures twelve in*es & a half4 ,its beak is blui%1 ! feet br[ni% blu% r$2 "u ea* eye is a nak$ sk9 ( a bright sc>let col\r2 ! g5]al col\r ( ! plumage is br[n & a% grey1 mix$ ) black2 ! =ehead1 a /reak above ! eyes1 & ! ?roat1 are f9e *e/nut br[n2 ! =e "p ( ! neck & ! brea/ are a% grey1 ) v f9e black l9es2 bel[ ! brea/ is a deep *e/nut br[n /reak 9 ! %ape ( a horse %oe1 :i* is n f\nd 9 ! female1 or at lea/ n s l>ge nor s cle>ly def9$2 ! quill-fea!rs are dusky1 ) cross b&s ( ru/ r$2 ! tail-fea!rs are ru/ br[n4 ,,habitation4--,! common p>tridge is f\nd ?r\gh\t ,europe1 9 fields & adjo9+ woods3 :5 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 ?ickets & bu%es s]ve z a retreat dur+ ! night4 ,9 wide pla9s1 :]e ! fro/s are sev]e1 & ! sn[ s deep t ! game is 9 dang] ( p]i%+1 x is cu/om>y1 9 w9t]1 to cat* 9 a net z _m z possible ( ^! birds1 & keep !m 9 a w>m$ room ) a high ceil+4 ,if su* a room _c be _h1 ! top ( ! room & w9d[s %\ld be hung ) clo?1 to prev5t ! fright5$ birds f injur+ !mselves4 ,,food4--,9 ! h\se1 :5 p]mitt$ to range1 p>tridges may be f$ on b>ley & :eat4 ,!y w also eat bread1 ! common univ]sal pa/e1 cabbage1 beet1 & lettuce2 = !y l gre5 vegetables1 & ^! are almo/ indisp5sable to _! heal?4 ,9 a /ate ( lib]ty1 !y g5]ally fe$ 9 w9t] on ! tops ( grass & "y spr++ se$s4 ,9 ! summ]1 !y eat clov] & o!r gre5 plants1 z well z all k9ds ( gra94 ,!y (t5 roll 9 moi/ s&1 :i* !y %\ld be all[$ to d 9 ! h\se4 ,,bre$+4--,! be/ way to dome/icate ! p>tridge1 is to re> x "y1 9 :i* case x becomes extremely tame1 & its habits are v pleas+4 ,^! "y birds mu/ be f$ at fir/ on ants' eggs & h5s' eggs boil$ h>d & *opp$ up ) salad2 aft]w>ds !y w eat b>ley & o!r dry food4 ,! covey (t5 consi/s ( tw5ty "y ones1 :i* foll[ ! "m z soon z !y are hat*$1 & (t5 fall 9 ! way ( m[]s1 %eph]ds1 & huntsm54 ,i am p]suad$ t x w\ld n be difficult to r5d] ^! birds q dome/ic1 if ! eggs 7 hat*$ by our b>n-door f[ls1 9 an op51 yet enclos$ place1 clipp+ ! w+s ( ! "y ones1 all[+ !m to range1 dur+ ! summ]1 9 a g>d5 surr\nd$ ) walls1 & giv+ !m pl5ty ( food4 ,suppos+ t ?is plan did n q succe$ ! fir/ summ]1 "o w\ld h at lea/ half-tam$ birds1 :i*1 by foll[+ ! same plan1 w\ld gradually become m & m accu/om$ to dome/ic food1 ! society ( man1 & w\ld c]ta9ly at la/ bre$ 9 ! h\se1 l our common f[ls4 ,,! ,,common ,,quail4 ,tetrao coturnix1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,caille1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,wa*tel1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is ! mo/ common ( wild p\ltry kept 9 ! h\se4 ,x is r m ?an sev5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is %ort & horn-col\r$1 dusky 9 summ]1 & a% grey 9 w9t]1 l ! p>tridge's & common f[l's2 ! iris is olive br[n2 ! feet pale blui% r$2 on ! upp] "p ( ! body are dusky & ru/-r$ spots1 ) "s small :ite /reaks2 ! ?roat is dusky1 surr\nd$ ) two *e/nut br[n b&s2 ! front ( ! neck & ! brea/ are pale ru/ r$1 ) "s longitud9al d>k /reaks2 ! belly is dusky :ite2 ! ?ighs are r$di% grey2 ! quill-fea!rs are d>k grey1 cross$ by _m ru/ r$ l9es2 ! tail is %ort1 d>k br[n1 ) pale ru/ r$ /reaks across x4 ,! female diff]s s5sibly2 h] ?roat is :ite1 & h] brea/1 pal] ?an t ( ! male1 is spott$ ) black l ! ?ru%'s4 ,,habitation4--,:5 wild ! quail is f\nd ?r\gh\t ! old _w4 ,unlike ! o!r species ( p\ltry1 x is a bird ( passage1 arriv+ 9 ,europe 9 ,may1 & dep>t+ ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,x keeps cont9ually 9 corn fields1 pref]r+ ^? ( :eat4 ,9 ! h\se1 if all[$ to range1 its g5tl5ess1 neatness1 & peculi> motions1 are se5 to advantage2 b x is (t5 kept 9 a cage ( ! foll[+ make3--,a small box two feet long1 "o foot deep1 & f\r high1 ( any %ape :i* is pref]r$2 9 ?is are left two or ?ree op5+s1 "o = dr9k+ at1 ! o!r to give light2 besides ?is all is d>k2 ! bottom is a draw]1 :i* %\ld be cov]$ ) s&1 & h a se$ draw] at "o end2 ! top is ( gre5 clo?1 = z ! quail (t5 spr+s up x w\ld hurt itself 7 x ( wood4 ,?is case %\ld be susp5d$ dur+ ! summ] outside ! w9d[1 = ! quail s+s mu* m :5 conf9$ 9 ?is mann] ?an if all[$ to range ! room1 :]e !re are _m ?+s to call (f its att5tion f its song#abc4 ,:5 a male )\t ! female is all[$ to run ab\t ! room1 x is always necess>y to %ut x up 9 ,june 7! pair+ season71 or else its ard5t feel+s tempt x to attack all ! o!r birds1 p>ticul>ly ^? ) a d>k plumage1 some:at resembl+ its own4 ,l>ks1 = example1 x w foll[1 & pluck out _! fea!rs till !y are ne>ly b>e4 ,,food4--,9 a wild /ate ! quail fe$s on :eat & o!r corn1 rape-se$1 millet1 hemp-se$1 & ! l4 ,x also eats gre5 vegetables1 z well z insects1 & p>ticul>ly ants' eggs4 ,9 ! h\se x is f$ on ! same food1 add+ bread1 b>ley meal mix$ ) milk1 ! univ]sal pa/e1 & occasionally salad or cabbage *opp$ up small1 &1 t x may want no?+ to keep x 9 heal?1 pl5ty ( riv] s& = x to roll 9 & to peck up gra9s1 :i* assi/ its dige/ion2 b ?is s& mu/ be damp1 = if dry x w n t\* x4 ,x dr9ks a great deal1 & ! wat]1 contr>y to ! op9ion ( "s p]sons1 %\ld be cle>1 nev] turbid4 ,x m\lts twice 9 ! ye>1 once 9 autumn1 & aga9 9 spr+2 x !n requires riv] s&1 & great] att5tion ?an at o!r times4 ,,bre$+4--,! quail bre$s v late1 nev] be=e ,july4 ,its ne/1 if x c be call$ s1 is a hole scrat*$ 9 ! e>?1 9 :i* x lays f t5 to f\rte5 blui%-:ite eggs1 ) l>ge br[n spots4 ,^! are hat*$ aft] ?ree weeks' incubation4 ,! "y ones1 all hairy1 foll[ ! "m ! mom5t !y leave ! %ell4 ,_! fea!rs gr[ quickly1 = 9 ! autumn !y are able to dep>t ) h] to ! s\!rn c\ntries4 ,! males are s ard5t1 t if "o is plac$ 9 a room ) a female1 he w pursue h] imm$iately ) extraord9>y eag]ness1 te>+ (f h] fea!rs if %e resi/s 9 ! lea/2 he is less viol5t if he has be5 9 ! same room ) h] dur+ ! ye>4 ,! female1 9 ?is case1 lays a great _m eggs1 b r>ely sits on !m2 yet if "y ones are br\ght h] f ! fields1 %e eag]ly receives !m "u h] w+s1 & becomes a v affectionate "m to !m4 ,! "y mu/ be f$ on eggs boil$ h>d & cut small1 b ! be/ way is to take ! "m ) ! covey1 :i* may be done ) a net4 ,%e wat*es ov] !m att5tively1 & !y are m easily re>$4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> "o w\ld ?9k t all 9 ! covey 7 females1 ! males resemble !m s mu*1 p>ticul>ly be=e ! br[n %[s itself on ! ?roat4 ,,mode ,,( ,,tak+4--,!re are sev]al diff]5t me?ods ( tak+ quails1 b ,i %all only m5tion ! commone/ & easie/4 ,! male birds are g5]ally caught 9 a net1 call$ a quail-net1 by means ( a call :i* imitates ! cry ( ! female 9 ! bre$+ season2 x is ! way adopt$ by bird-cat*]s 9 ! spr+1 :5 !y wi% to take a male t s+s 9 a sup]ior mann]1 t is1 :i* repeats a doz5 times foll[+ ! syllables piev]oie4 ,if ! male has n yet met ) a mate1 & if he has n be5 r5d]$ suspici\s by "s unskilful bird-cat*]1 he w run eag]ly into ! sn>e4 ,! mo/ important ?+ is to h a good call2 !y may be _h *eap ( turn]s at ,nuremb]g1 :o make !m ( lea!r1 ) a pipe turn$ f ! bone ( a cat or h>e1 or ! leg ( a /ork2 b !y may easily be made by any body4 ,! fir/ ?+ necess>y is a piece ( calf-sk91 "o foot 9 l5g?1 & f\r in*es 9 bread?1 ! sides mu/ be sew$ toge!r )9 two in*es ( ! end1 & ! bottom fill$ ) a piece ( wood an in* & a half 9 l5g?1 & r+s compos$ ( ?ick lea!r1 ! diamet] ( ! int]ior op5+ n exce$+ an in* & a half1 are pu%$ into ! sew$ cyl9d]1 & kept ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* ap>t2 ! :ole may aft]w>ds be press$ close toge!r1 mak+ ! r+s t\* ea* o!r2 !n a tube made ( ! bone ( a goose or h>e1 & fill$ at ! end l a common :i/le1 is fa/5$ to ! "p ( ! cyl9d] left unsew$2 ! int]ior is !n /opp$ ) wax ne> ! not* on ! side ( ! lea!r1 & a hole pi]c$ ?r\gh x ) a knitt+-ne$le2 ! upp] "p ( ! tube mu/ also be /opp$ ) wax1 & la/ly1 ! l[] "p1 :i* is ?us become a k9d ( :i/le1 is v firmly ti$ to ! unsewn "p ( ! cyl9d]4 ,:5 ! call is to be us$1 ! l[] end mu/ be held firmly 9 "o h&1 & ! lea!r cyl9d] work$ up & d[n ) ! o!r1 mak+ ! r+s approa* & sep>ate1 :i* produces ! notes ( ! female1 peuk1 peuk1 pupu4 ,z soon z ! male quail is he>d t y wi% to procure1 y mu/ advance s(tly to )9 fifty paces ( 8 /ation1 & place ! tray among/ ! :eat 9 su* a position z w suff] x to fall level ) ! gr\nd1 to prev5t ! bird's pass+ "u & escap+4 ,!n retire a few /eps back1 :5 ! quail w soon utt] its song1 to :i* reply ) two or ?ree notes1 t :5 ! quail is sil5t he may only he> "o or two1 f ! call exactly resembl+ ! cry ( ! female4 ,if ?is is n done ) c>e1 ! bird w suspect trea*]y1 & w ei!r retire or rema9 sil5t1 & nev] aft] fall into su* a sn>e2 b if skilfully done1 x is surpris+ to see h[ ! bird proce$s directly to ! call3 if by *ance he miss ! trap1 he w g s ne> z to be )9 rea* ( ! h&2 9 ?is case x is be/ to retire s(tly to ! o!r side ( ! trap & repeat ! call1 :i* w aga9 attract x4 ,!re are "s quails t "k h[ to avoid ! net1 p>ticul>ly if plac$ 9 too op5 & expos$ a place4 ,9 ?is case x is safe/ to turn x 9 a corn] at bo? ends1 & ?us :5 x tries to turn x becomes entangl$4 ,x is prop] to notice1 t 9 damp wea!r1 or :5 x ra9s1 ! quail does n run1 b flies imm$iately t[>ds ! call4 ,x does ?is also 9 dewy morn+s & ev5+s2 dry days %\ld !re=e be *os5 = ?is *ase4 ,9 ! pair+ season1 two1 ?ree1 or ev5 f\r quails may be tak5 at ! same place4 ,if no male is he>d 9 ! field1 ! call ( ! female mu/ be well imitat$ on a l>g] & m p[]ful bird-call1 &1 if any males are )9 he>+1 !y w n fail to answ]2 ! p]son mu/ !n advance quickly1 plac+ ! net s z to /op _! road1 & repeat ! call4 ,:5 a female is to be caught1 x is be/ to employ a common net1 su* z is us$ to take quails 9 autumn2 b ?is *ase %\ld be def]r$ till t[>ds ! end ( h>ve/1 :5 mo/ ( ! corn is cut1 & only a few pieces left /&+1 :i* s]ve to h>b\r numb]s ( ^! birds4 ,sev]al nets are us$ at once1 z _m z six or eight2 "s ( !m are plac$ across ! field ( corn1 & ! o!rs p>allel to !m at ! extremity ( ! same field3 ?is be+ done1 ! p>ty g to ! opposite side & beg9 to drive ! quails into ! nets 9 ! middle ( ! field by means ( a pack?read /ret*$ across ! corn1 hav+ little bells susp5d$ to x by ?reads1 s z almo/ to t\* ! gr\nd1 two p]sons hold+ x1 & z !y advance %ak+ x f "t to "t4 ,z soon z ! prison]s are secur$1 ! m>* is cont9u$ t[>ds ! nets at ! end ( ! field2 & 9 ?is mann] great numb]s ( quails1 bo? male & female1 are procur$ ei!r = ! h\se or = ! table4 ,,attractive ,,qualities4--,besides beauty ( =m & plumage1 ! song ( ?is bird is no slight recomm5dation to ! amateur4 ,9 ! bre$+ season1 t ( ! male comm5ces by repeat+ s(tly1 tones resembl+ v]ra1 v]ra1 foll[$ by ! ^w piev]oie1 utt]$ 9 a bold tone1 ) ! neck rais$1 ! eyes %ut1 & ! head incl9$ on "o side4 ,^? t repeat ! la/ syllables t5 or twelve times consecutively1 are ! mo/ e/eem$4 ,t ( ! female only consi/s ( v]ra1 v]ra1 pupu1 pupu1 ! two la/ syllables be+ ^? by :i* ! male & ! female attract ea* o!r's att5tion2 :5 al>m$ or angry _! cry resembles guillah6 b at o!r times x is only a murmur1 resembl+ ! purr+ ( a cat4 ,! quail nev] s+s :5 left to run ab\t 9 a light room1 except dur+ ! night1 b cont9ually :5 9 a d>k5$ cage4 ,^? re>$ f ! ne/ beg9 to s+ ! end ( ,decemb]1 & cont9ue till ,septemb]2 :il/ ^? tak5 full gr[n r>ely comm5ce till ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 & cease 9 ,augu/4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,/ork4 ,,wad+ ,,birds4 ,! birds ( ?is ord] are m or less b>e above ! knees2 _! legs are s long1 t !y h ! appe>ance ( /&+ on /ilts4 ,!y may be tam$ at any age1 b ?is is be/ done :5 !y are "y4 ,i %all only give "h ! foll[+ species4 ,,! ,,:ite ,,/ork4 ,ciconia alba1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,cicogne blan*e1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,weisse ,/or*1 ,,be*/e94 ,! /ork may be consid]$ z half dome/ic1 s9ce x con/antly builds on ! tops ( h\ses1 on *ur*es or t[]s 9 ! mid/ ( villages1 & ev5 t[ns#abd4 ,its beak is long & p[]ful1 ( a blood r$ col\r1 z are its legs & feet4 ,x has a nak$ black r+ r\nd its eyes2 ! w+s are black2 ! re/ ( ! plumage :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,x is a bird ( passage1 :i* quits ,europe ! end ( ,septemb]1 & returns 9 ,april4 ,x fe$s on fi%1 amphibi\s animals1 field-mice1 moles1 & ev5 weasels1 :i* x cat*es com+ out ( _! holes4 ,x also eats insects1 especially bees1 :i* x cat*es by ! beakfull on fl[]s4 ,its ne/ is only a heap ( dry /icks wov5 toge!r1 & x occupies ! same ne/ e ye>1 aft] repair+ x a little4 ,i h be5 assur$1 t "s ne/s h la/$ a hundr$ ye>s2 & ! circumf]5ce (t5 becomes cov]$ ) sp>r[s & swall[s' ne/s4 ,! male & female nev] sep>ate1 & are a true model ( conjugal fidelity4 ,if ! "y ones are tak5 f ! ne/1 & f$ on frogs & meat1 !y may be r5d]$ s tame t !y w g a league f ! h\se1 & return aga9 regul>ly4 ,at ! "t ( _! flight1 9 ,septemb]1 ! w+s ( ^? t are to be kept ?r\gh ! w9t] %\ld be clipp$1 & !y %\ld be kept 9 a temp]ate place1 z _! feet are v s5sible to cold4 ,!y become s famili> t !y w ent] ! room dur+ meals1 to be f$ on meat f ! table4 ,a clapp+ ) _! beak expresses ei!r ang] or affection4 ,x is v pleas+ to see a tame /ork circl+ r\nd ! h\se1 & desc5d+ ins5sibly 9 a long spiral l9e till x rea*es ! gr\nd4 ,,! ,,black ,,/ork4 ,ardea nigra1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,d] s*w>ze ,/or*1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species is ne>ly z l>ge z ! :ite /ork1 & is ( ! same =m1 b its limbs are weak] & m delicate4 ,its col\r is a glossy br[ni% black1 ) ! brea/ & belly :ite4 ,x frequ5ts woods 9 ! neighb\rhood ( m>%es1 lakes1 & l>ge ponds1 & makes its ne/ on ! trees4 ,its habits & mann] ( fe$+ are simil> to ^? ( ! :ite /ork4 ,9 re>+ ! "y ones1 !y may be accu/om$ to rema9 9 ! h\se1 & w soon become famili>4 ,,! ,,woodcock4 ,scolopax ru/icola1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,bcasse1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,walds*nepfe1 ,,be*/e94 ,! woodcock is f\nd 9 e "p ( ,europe :]e !re are =e/s4 ,! beak is ?ree or f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 /raight1 & r$di% at ! base2 ! back ( ! head is cross$ ) dusky b&s2 ! upp] "p ( ! body & w+s are ru/ br[n1 /reak$ ) grey & black2 ! brea/ & belly are dusky :ite1 ) d>k br[n l9es4 ,,obs]vations4--,! woodcock builds its ne/ on ! gr\nd 9 m\nta9\s di/ricts2 lays ?ree or f\r dusky pale yell[ eggs1 & fe$s on worms1 snails1 & ! grubs ( insects1 :i* x seeks 9 mead[s1 m>%es1 & fields4 ,9 ,octob] x quits ! high l&s = m temp]ate p>ts2 ?is migration is call$ its passage1 & z ^! birds con/antly foll[ ! same r\te1 ?is is ! "t :5 f[l]s1 scatt]$ 9 its de/9$ pa?1 prep>e = a *ase1 ei!r ) guns or l>ge nets made = ! purpose1 & await ! mom5t :5 ^! birds quit ! mead[s = ! woods1 or ! woods = ! mead[s4 ,! flight ( woodcocks is sl[ & awkw>d1 b !y are v f9e game1 ! fle% be+ :olesome & ( an excell5t flav\r2 !y are g5]ally cook$ )\t tak+ out ! inte/9es4 ,9 ! h\se1 by beg9n+ ) insects & ants' eggs1 ! woodcock may be accu/om$ by degrees to ! univ]sal pa/e4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ,i saw1 9 an avi>y at ,c>lsruhe1 a tame woodcock t w\ld come f 8 cage & %[ himself to /rang]s2 x 0 a male1 & appe>$ v will+ to pair1 if x c\ld h f\nd a mate4 ,,! ,,common ,,snipe4 ,scolopax ,gall9ago1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,bcass9e1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,he]s*nepfe1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is ,snipe is ne>ly ! size ( ! quail1 & inhabits ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,am]ica1 migrat+ 9 autumn to m temp]ate p>ts4 ,its r\gh beak is black 9 ! front2 its feet are br[n2 ! head is divid$ longitud9ally by two r$di% br[n l9es2 ! back is d>k br[n1 ) /reaks across2 ! ?roat is :ite2 ! neck is br[n1 speckl$ ) brick r$2 ! belly is :ite2 ! v5t is /rip$ ) black2 ! quill-fea!rs are d>k br[n1 tipp$ ) :ite2 ! tail-fea!rs are black f ! base1 tipp$ ) orange1 & hav+ two d>k br[n /reaks4 ,,obs]vations4--,! snipe d>ts ?r\gh ! air at a great height1 & desc5ds l an arr[1 cont9ually utt]+ ! cry mai*]ai4 ,x is f\nd 9 m>%y places1 ab\nd+ ) bu%es & brambles2 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd1 wa%$ by ! wat]1 x lays f\r or five dusky olive-col\r$ eggs1 /reak$ ) br[n4 ,its common food is worms1 & ! grubs ( insects1 b x w eat corn1 & ! t5d] roots ( m>% plants4 ,e "o kn[s t x is delicate eat+2 b _m are ignorant t x may be tam$1 & t x is !n a v pleas+ bird4 ,,! ,,lapw+4 ,illu/ration ,tr+a ,vanellus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,vanneu1 ,,buffon2 ,d] geme9e ,kiebetz1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is bird is well kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe :]ev] !re are wat] mead[s4 ,x is gre5i% on ! back & w+s2 black on ! brea/2 & has r$ feet1 & a h&some cre/4 ,,obs]vations4--,x fe$s on all sorts ( insects1 small snails1 worms1 & ev5 plants4 ,! "y ones are easily tam$4 ,!y are fir/ f$ on ants' eggs1 & !n gradually accu/om$ to bread1 & ev5 bran mix$ ) milk4 ,! eggs may be plac$ "u pigeons1 b c>e is necess>y :5 !y are hat*$1 z !y run ! mom5t !y leave ! %ell4 ,! old birds may be kept 9 ! g>d5 if ! w+s are clipp$1 :]e !y de/roy ! insects & worms2 b !y mu/ be br\ght into ! h\se 9 ! w9t]1 & f$ at fir/ on bullocks' he>t cut 9 ! =m ( worms1 !n ) less c>e1 till by degrees !y become accu/om$ to o!r meat1 & ev5 to bread4 ,z ^! birds are mu* e/eem$ game1 sn>es are laid = !m 9 places !y frequ5t 9 l>ge flocks4 ,!y are ei!r tak5 9 nets1 ?r[+ worms z baits1 or ) nooses made ( horse hair1 & set 9 ! pa?s !y trace 9 ! ru%es1 or1 :i* is cruel & de/ructive1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( _! ne/s4 ,,! ,,ruff4 ,tr+a pugnax1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,combattant1 ou ,paon de ,m]1 ,,buffon2 ,die ,kampfhahn1 ,,be*/e94 ,! ruff is ab\t ! size ( ! lapw+1 & is f\nd 9 ! nor? ( ,europe1 ne> lakes1 ponds1 & ext5sive m>%es4 ,x is almo/ ! only wild bird ^: plumage v>ies l our dome/icat$ ones1 a%-grey1 br[n1 black1 & :ite1 be+ comb9$ 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways1 s t x is r>e to meet ) two birds alike4 ,! foll[+ are ! *>act]i/ics ( ! species3--#a/1 a k9d ( ruff or coll>1 =m$ ( long fea!rs hang+ ar\nd ! neck1 :i* are rais$ :5 ! bird is angry1 & /& out on all sides2 #bnd1 ! face r$1 & cov]$ ) pimples2 ! beak & feet also r$4 ,! col\rs ( ! females are m uni=m3--pale br[n1 ! back /reak$ ) black1 ! brea/ & belly :ite1 & ! neck pla9 )\t ! ruff4 ,x fe$s on insects1 worms1 & roots1 & makes its ne/ 9 a tuft ( grass or ru%es4 ,! females are tol]ably good = ! table1 b ! male mu/ be fatt5$ be=e x is eatable4 ,! irritable & qu>relsome disposition ( ^! birds is a/oni%+4 ,:5 two males meet !y are (t5 s enrag$ ) ea* o!r t a net may be pass$ ov] !m )\t _! p]ceiv+ x4 ,if sev]al are plac$ 9 ! same cage1 !y w kill "o ano!r4 ,! "y ones may easily be re>$2 b x is extraord9>y1 t 9 ! h\se1 _! incl9ation to fight ab&ons !m2 :il/ mo/ o!r birds1 pacific 9 a /ate ( fre$om1 are cont9ually qu>rell+ & peck+ "o ano!r :5 conf9$4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 ! du*y ( ,brem5 to put ^! birds into enclos$ g>d5s to de/roy worms & o!r insects1 b !y retire into ! h\se = ! w9t]2 & "h ! old ones /ill qu>rel bo? = food & ! place !y wi% to lie d[n 94 ,!y are f$ on bread soak$ 9 milk1 & meat4 ,,! ,,purr4 ,tr+a ,c9clus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',al\ette de ,m]1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,me]l]*e1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is a m>% bird1 ab\t ! size ( ! r$w+1 & is v common on ! banks ( riv]s1 lakes1 & l>ge ponds4 ,:5 x rises 9 ! air x cries cont9ually tzi1 tzi1 tzi1 tzi4 ,its beak is black1 & its feet d>k br[ni% gre52 ! fea!rs on ! upp] "p ( ! body are grey1 glossy1 & silky1 ) blacki% b&s not*$ on ! sides1 & bord]$ on ! out] edge ) ru/ r$2 a :iti% /reak passes above ! eyes1 :il/ a n>r[ d>k br[n l9e crosses !m2 ! "u "p ( ! body is pure :ite1 b ! brea/ is /rip$ ) d>k br[n2 ! quill-fea!rs are black1 ! ant]ior hav+ a broad :ite /reak on ! inn] web1 ! o!rs hav+ ! same on ! out] web2 ! great] cov]ts are tipp$ ) :ite1 :i* =m two spots on ! w+s2 ! ?ree middle fea!rs ( ! tail are grey br[n ) black b&s2 ! o!rs are :ite1 ) d>k br[n b&s4 ,! female is r l>g]1 & h] plumage is pal]4 ,,obs]vations4--,x is easy to obta9 ?is bird1 :i* has _m attractions = ! amateur4 ,x runs quickly1 cont9ually %ak+ ! back "p ( its body1 & repeat+1 p>ticul>ly t[>ds ev5+1 its l\d & t5d] call1 hidutzt4 ,:5 wild x eats insects & worms1 f\nd ne> ! wat]4 ,9 ! h\se x w soon eat ! univ]sal pa/e1 if a few meal-worms & ants' eggs are at fir/ ?r[n among/ x4 ,if !re are o!r birds 9 ! same room1 ! wat] vessel %\ld be remov$ f ! food1 or ano!r vessel devot$ to x1 = n be+ able to swall[ :at is n s(t1 x c>ries all its food to ! wat] to soak1 & ?us r5d]s x dirty4 ,x cat*es insects v dext]\sly2 x advances sl[ly l a cat1 its head b5t d[n1 & !n d>ts =w>d swiftly & slyly4 ,i admire _! habits s mu* t ,i h "o g5]ally 9 my h\se4 ,i h obs]v$ t all ! species ( snipes h ! habit ( turn+ ov] any /ones !y meet )1 to look = insects "u4 ,x is v easy to take ! purr z soon z ! /akes1 /icks1 & o!r places :]e !y mo/ commonly alight1 are kn[n2 x is only to put bird-lime on !m & drive ! birds g5tly t[>ds ! "p4 ,?is & ! corn crake are ! only two m>% birds t %\ld prop]ly be reckon$ among h\se-birds4 ,,! ,,moor ,,h54 ,fulica enloropus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,p\le d',eau1 ,,buffon2 ,die grnfssiges ,meehuhn1 ,,be*/e94 ,! l5g? ( ?is species is t5 or twelve in*es4 ,! beak is gre5i% at ! tip1 r$ t[>ds ! base2 ! nak$ spaces above ! knees are ( ! same col\r2 ! feet are olive gre52 ! claws are v long2 ! head1 ! upp] "p ( ! neck1 ! body1 & ! w+-cov]ts are d>k olive gre52 ! ant]ior quill-fea!rs & ! tail are d>k br[n2 ! brea/ & belly are a%-grey2 ! v5t & edges ( ! w+s are :ite4 ,9 ! female ! beak is olive br[n t[>ds ! base1 in/ead ( r$4 ,,obs]vations4--,?\gh n web-foot$1 ?is species swims z well z ^? birds t are1 & has ?is advantage ov] !m1 t x c re/ on trees & bu%es by ! wat] side1 l l& birds1 & c also run :5 incl9$4 ,its ne/ is plac$ among bu%es t are 9 ! wat]1 or on re$s1 & is built ( wat] plants1 especially re$s well int]wov52 x is s firmly fa/5$1 t if ! wat] rises x floats1 b is n c>ri$ away2 ! eggs are (t5 surr\nd$ ) wat]4 ,x fe$s on insects1 se$s1 & aquatic plants4 ,x is easily tam$1 p>ticul>ly :5 tak5 "y2 x likes :ite bread soak$ 9 milk4 ,i (t5 h ^! birds 9 my p\ltry-y>d among my f[ls2 !y g to a neighb\r+ pond1 & regul>ly return aft] a %ort "t4 ,i nev] took any tr\ble to tame !m2 !y always kept ne> ! wat]1 by ! dunghill1 seek+ aft] insects & grubs4 ,,! ,,corn ,,crake4 ,illu/ration ,rallus ,crex1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,rale de ,c5et1 ou ,roi de ,cailles1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,wa*telknig1 ,,be*/e94 ,! corn crake be+ always f\nd ) quails 9 proportionate numb]s1 dep>t+ ) !m 9 autumn1 & return+ at ! same "t 9 spr+1 no d\bt des]ves ! "n ,buffon has giv5 x ( ,k+ ( ! ,quails4 ,x is t5 in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! beak is flatti%1 greyi% br[n above1 & blui% r$ b5ea?2 ! feet are lead grey2 ! fea!rs ( ! head1 ( ! back ( ! neck1 ( ! back1 & ev5 ( ! tail1 are black1 edg$ ) r$di% grey2 :i* gives !m ! appe>ance ( be+ /reak$2 a grey a%-col\r$ /reak passes above ! eyes1 ano!r bel[ !m2 ! w+-cov]ts & ant]ior quill-fea!rs are *e/nut br[n2 ! front ( ! neck & ! brea/ are dusky a%-grey2 ! belly is :ite1 b ! sides & v5t are d>k br[n1 spott$ ) ru/y br[n & :ite4 ,! brea/ ( ! female is pale grey1 & ! /reaks ne> h] eyes greyi% :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,! male is (t5 he>d utt]+ 8 k9d ( croak+ notes1 arrp1 s*n>rp1 9 ! mead[s & fields1 9 ! ev5+ & at night2 b is r>ely se5 to fly4 ,x fe$s on insects & gra91 = :i* bread soak$ 9 milk may be sub/itut$1 :5 x is 9 ! h\se4 ,! female lays f eight to twelve gre5i% grey eggs1 /reak$ ) pale br[n1 on ! b>e gr\nd2 ! "y ones1 :5 hat*$1 are cov]$ ) a k9d ( black d[n1 ! fea!rs ( v>i$ col\rs d n appe> = ?ree weeks4 ,! h5 sits ) s mu* con/ancy1 t %e w (t5 p]i% by ! si! r ?an quit h] eggs4 ,! "y1 l ! "y quails1 run "u ! oat %eaves1 & may easily be caught !re by ! h&4 ,! agility ( ^! birds1 & _! pleas+ habits1 r5d] !m mu* admir$ 9 ! h\se2 !y *irp v mu* l *ick5s4 ,i confess ,i l v mu* to he> ! arrp1 s*n>rp ( ! male 9 ! ev5+ ne> me4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,swan4 ,,web-,,foot$ ,,birds4 ,! birds arrang$ 9 ?is ord] are also kn[n1 "u ! "n ( aquatic birds4 ,!y are di/+ui%$ by _! feet1 ! toes be+ unit$ by a broad membrane1 :i* assi/s !m 9 swimm+4 ,sev]al live uni=mly on ! wat]1 o!rs 9 companies on ! wat] & on ! l&4 ,!re are _m t may be tam$1 b ,i %all only speak ( ^? t are able to live )\t be+ on ! wat]4 ,! numb] is ?us conf9$ to six species1 easily tam$ at any age4 ,,! ,,swan4 ,anas ,olor1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le gigne1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,s*wan1 ,,be*/e94 ,in/ead ( ! common "n ( tame swan1 ,i pref] t ( mute swan1 9 ord] to di/+ui% ?is f ! :i/l+1 also call$ ! wild swan1 b improp]ly1 = 9 ,russia x is m common to h t tam$ ?an ! "o "u notice4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is f\nd wild ?r\gh\t mo/ p>ts ( ,europe1 & 9 great numb]s 9 ,sib]ia4 ,9 ,g]many1 :5 a p]son wi%es to h "o on a piece ( wat]1 & to keep x !re con/antly1 he *ooses "s "y ones1 & breaks or cuts ! fir/ bone 9 ! w+1 to disable !m f fly+1 & consequ5tly prev5t _! dep>t+ 9 ! autumn ) _! wild companions4 ,! swan is l>g] ?an a dome/ic goose1 x is f\r feet & a half 9 l5g?1 on acc\nt ( its long neck1 :i* x b5ds 9 ! =m ( an ,s :5 x is swimm+2 x measures sev5 feet & a qu>t] f tip to tip ( ! w+s1 & weighs f tw5ty-five to ?irty p\nds4 ,! beak is d>k r$1 hav+ at ! base a l>ge black call\s knob1 & at ! tip some?+ resembl+ ! head ( a nail1 black1 & r b5t2 a b>e black triangul> /reak ext5ds f ! beak to ! eyes2 ! feet are black ! fir/ ye>1 lead grey ! second1 & r$di% lead grey at la/2 ! plumage is a sn[y :ite4 ,,obs]vations4--,! /ory ( its melodi\s dea?-song is n[ q explod$2 ! organisation ( its w9dpipe p]mits only a slight hiss1 a dull murmur1 & a g5tle croak+4 ,song1 prop]ly s call$1 belongs exclusively to ! :i/l+ swan2 a poet may h he>d x once1 & )\t obs]v+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! birds1 h attribut$ x to ! common swan4 ,! latt] fe$s on insects & aquatic plants2 dur+ ! w9t] corn %\ld be giv5 x1 & x mu/ be kept 9 a temp]ate place4 ,! female =ms a l>ge ne/1 ( ! /alks ( ru%es1 re$s1 & o!r plants1 & l9es x ) fea!rs f h] brea/4 ,%e lays six or eight gre5i% :ite eggs1 & sits on !m five weeks4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 ! male is always ne> h]1 driv+ away & pursu+ all t w\ld approa*4 ,he has su* /r5g? ( w+1 t a well-aim$ bl[ ( x w\ld break a man's leg4 ,! "y ones are at fir/ grey4 ,x is said t swans w live a hundr$ ye>s4 ,_! utility z well z _! beauty w\ld m]it m att5tion ?an is commonly paid to _! education1 :i* is easi] ?an t ( geese4 ,li?uania1 ,pol&1 & ea/]n ,prussia1 s5d sev]al qu9tals e ye> to ! fair ( ,frank=t ^u ,od]4 ,_m tame swans are also collect$ on ! ,sprey1 r\nd ,b]l91 ,sp&au1 & ,potsdam2 p>ticul>ly 9 ,may1 to rob !m ( _! d[n4 ,! sk9s ) ! d[n on !m are prep>$ = pelisses2 p[d] puffs are also made ( x4 ,,! ,,%eldrake4 ,anas ,tadorna1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,tadorne1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,brunt5te1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species measures two feet f ! tip ( ! beak to ! extremity ( ! tail2 ! beak is smoo?1 flatti%1 & ( a sc>let col\r2 a fle%y knob cov]s ! upp] base2 ! no/rils & nail at ! end ( ! beak are black2 ! feet are blui% r$2 ! head & upp] "p ( ! neck are duck gre52 ! re/ ( ! neck & belly are :ite2 a wide orange br[n b& crosses ! brea/2 ! back1 ) ! w+-cov]ts1 is :ite2 ! scapul>s are speckl$ ) black2 ! fir/ quill-fea!rs are black1 ! foll[+ violet1 ! middle ones ru/y br[n1 & ! la/ :ite2 ! speculum is gre51 reflect+ a beautiful violet2 ! fea!rs ( ! tail are :ite1 tipp$ ) black4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species1 f\nd 9 ! nor? ( ,europe & ,asia1 holl[s out ! s& by ! sea-%ore1 or uses a =sak5 rabbit's hole1 or "s cavity 9 a rock1 to =m its ne/ 94 ,! beauty ( its plumage has attract$ ! att5tion ( amateurs1 :o tame x1 & keep x 9 ! p\ltry-y>d2 b x is n useful1 its fle% hav+ an unpleasant smell & flav\r4 ,x fe$s ) ! o!r ducks1 & becomes v famili>2 x ev] appe>s intellig5t4 ,,! ,,wild ,,goose4 ,anas ans] f]us1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l',oie sauvage1 ,,buffon2 ,d] wilde ,gans1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is is ! p>5t /ock ( our dome/ic goose1 & ?\gh small]1 x has a long] neck & l>g] w+s4 ,! upp] "p ( ! body is br[ni% grey1 ! "u "p is greyi% :ite2 ! brea/ is cl\d$ ) ru/y br[n2 ! beak is orange & black2 ! feet are r$4 ,sev]al dome/ic geese pres]ve ?is orig9al plumage1 ev5 to ! col\rs ( ! beak4 ,,obs]vations4--,?is species frequ5ts ! %ores ( ! ,nor? ,sea dur+ ! summ]2 b 9 autumn dep>ts 9 l>ge flights dispos$ 9 a triangul> =m1 & passes ! w9t] 9 m s\!rn c\ntries1 fe$+ on ! blades ( newly-sprung rye4 ,!re are places 9 ,?ur+ia :]e ?\s&s ( ^! birds collect 9 w9t]2 !y are v di/ru/ful1 plac+ s5t9els z soon z !y alight1 :i* are s wat*ful1 t x is v difficult to take or %oot !m4 ,if by *ance ! w+ ( "o ( ^! geese is %ot1 x may easily be kept 9 ! y>d ) p\ltry2 !y are also tak5 9 sn>es laid 9 places frequ5t$ by !m dur+ ! night2 !y associate )\t difficulty ) ! dome/ic geese2 b ,i only "k "o in/ance ( a wild male pair+ ) a dome/icat$ female4 ,,! ,,scaup ,,duck4 ,anas m>ila1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,millon9an1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,b]g5te1 ,,be*/e94 ,?is species1 l ! =m]1 passes 9 autumn f ! nor? to ! s\?4 ,!y are caught & %ot among ! common wild ducks4 ,! scaup duck may be tam$ s f> z to rema9 sociably among ! dome/ic ones1 w eat bread soak$ 9 wat]1 oats1 & b>ley2 9 %ort1 all t is giv5 to common ducks4 ,its size also is simil>1 b x is black1 ) ! belly & speculum :ite2 five black transv]se l9es unite on ! :ite gr\nd ( ! upp] "p ( ! body2 ! w+s & tail are dusky4 ,,! ,,mall>d4 ,anas ,bos*as f]a1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,le ,canoel sauvage1 ,,buffon2 ,d] wilde ,ente ,,be*/e94 ,our dome/ic ducks d]ive _! orig9 f ?is species4 ,x is spread ?r\gh\t ,europe on lakes1 ponds1 & riv]s4 ,its l5g? is two feet2 its plumage a% grey1 /rip$ & wav$ transv]sely ) :ite & br[n2 ! head & neck are bright gre51 kn[n by ! "n ( duck-gre52 ! brea/ is *e/nut br[n2 ! speculum violet gre54 ,! female is br[n1 l a l>k4 ,,obs]vations4--,l o!r birds ( ! same ord]1 ! wild ducks unite 9 l>ge flights 9 ! autumn1 b divide into pairs 9 summ]1 & build _! ne/s ei!r ne> ! wat]1 among ! re$s & bu%es1 9 ! trunks ( old trees1 or sometimes ev5 9 ! dep?s ( woods4 ,!y lay f twelve to sixte5 eggs4 ,9 ! =e/ di/ricts ( ,?ur+ia1 ! "y ones are met ) 9 consid]able numb]s1 be+ l$ to a neighb\r+ pond by ! p>5t birds4 ,if1 aft] hav+ mutilat$ or lam$ ! end ( ! w+1 !y are put into a pond ) dome/ic ducks1 !y live & pair ) !m1 become accu/om$ to _! mode ( life1 foll[ !m 9 w9t] into ! h\se1 )\t any decoy b be+ f$ pl5tifully4 ,wild ducks are tak5 9 nets1 sn>es1 & ev5 ) fi%+-hooks4 ,by pair+ a mall>d ) a female dome/ic duck1 a v f9e middle race is obta9$1 :i* rema9s dome/ic#abe4 ,,! ,,t>rock4 ,l>us tridactylus1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,l>us rissa1 c9]eus et nvius1 ,,l9n,,u2 ,la ,monette c5dre1 ,,buffon2 ,d] ,w9t]meeve1 ,,be*/e94 ,^! birds1 ab\t f\rte5 in*es 9 l5g?1 *ange _! plumage till !y are f\r ye>s old1 :i* occasions great v>iety4 ,9 ! old ones1 ! beak is yell[i% gre5 on ! outside1 & orange )92 ! feet are olive1 & are )\t ! back toe2 ! head1 ?roat1 neck1 ! re/ ( ! upp] "p ( ! body1 & ! tail1 are :ite4 ,!re is (t5 a blacki% /reak beh9d ! e>2 ! back & w+-cov]ts are pale grey or blui%2 ! quill-fea!rs are :ite2 ! prim>ies are tipp$ ) black2 ^? t h a d>k grey cresc5t on ! neck h n atta9$ _! f\r? ye>2 ^? /reak$ are "y ones4 ,,obs]vations4--,! t>rocks rema9 9 ! nor? ( ,europe dur+ summ]1 & g s\? 9 w9t]4 ,9 ,febru>y1 :5 sn[ comes aft] mild wea!r1 great numb]s are se5 to /op on ! ponds & riv]s 9 ,g]many1 :]e _m p]i%2 !y may !n be tak5 ) nets & sn>es plac$ on ! banks1 aft] remov+ ! sn[4 ,?\gh _! prop] food is fi% & aquatic insects1 !y are cont5t$1 9 ! p\ltry-y>d1 ) bread & o!r food2 are easily tam$1 & live equally well on ! wat] or ! l&2 9 w9t]1 !y %\ld be kept 9 a mod]ately w>m situation2 !y may ev5 be left 9 ! c\rt1 driv+ !m 9 ! ev5+ into ! place appropriat$ to !m = ! night4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #a ,see reasons = d\bt+ ?is conclusion 9 ,pr(essor ,r5nie's ,,dome/ic ,,habits ,,( ,,birds1 ,*ap4 xvii4--,,translator4 #b ,?is previ\s record+1 z x is t]m$1 is n uni=m4 ,mr4 ,bly? in=ms z t he _h1 9 ! ye> #ahcc1 a blackcap :i* /ruck up all at once into a l\d song4--,,translator4 #c ,phil4 ,trans4 vol4 lxiii4 #aggc4 #d ,besides1 we _c say t !re is a want ( v>iety 9 ?is music4 ,i may aga9 quote ,mr4 ,b>+ton 7,phil4 ,trans473 ,! dea? ( ! male p>5t1 j at ! "t 8 in/ructions 7 requir$1 w occasion "s v>iety 9 ! song ( ! "y ones1 :o w ?us h _! att5tion direct$ to o!r birds1 :i* !y w imitate or modify accord+ to ! con=mation ( _! l>ynx2 & !y w ?us create new v>iations1 :i* w aft]w>ds be imitat$ by _! "y ones1 & become h]$it>y1 until a circum/ance ( a simil> nature may introduce great] v>iations4 ,if c>e 0 tak5 !re ne$ n be two birds t sung exactly alike3 h[ev]1 ^! v>ieties are conf9$ )9 c]ta9 limits4--,,translator4 #e ,if p9e & fir bran*es _c be obta9$1 oak1 elm1 or bee* w d1 cut 9 w9t]2 ?\gh n gre51 yet !re w be leaves4--,,translator4 #f ,?is p]haps dep5ds on ! peculi> =ms ( ! bills m ?an on incl9ation1 = ! fauvette & blackcap (t5 attempt to clean _! feet )\t success4--,,translator4 #g ,see ,r5nie's ,,faculties ,,( ,,birds1 ,*ap4 ,v41 = exp]im5ts on ! subject4--,,translator4 #h ,! reason ( ?is union ( vegetable & animal food may be easily se52 ! bread supplies ! se$ = ! birds ( ! fir/ class1 & ! milk ! insects = ^? ( ! second1 :ile ! ?ird & f\r? "h f9d _! mix$ food2 & ?us x ought to agree ) all4 ,besides1 ! birds ( ! fir/ class d n conf9e !mselves exclusively to se$s2 9 _! wild /ate !y eat _m insects1 & "s ev5 fe$ _! "y entirely ) !m2 ?is proves t animal food is sometimes useful & b5eficial to !m4--,,translator4 #i ,if a r l>ge1 flat1 & n v deep vessel be us$1 9 :i* ! birds c ba! at _! ease1 x w make !m m heal?y & clean4--,,translator4 #aj ,:ite's ,selborne1 #hvo4 edit4 #ahcc4 #aa ,see ,r5nie's ,,habits ,,( ,,birds1 p4 #ac4--,,transl4 #ab ,?is1 ?\gh ! common op9ion1 seems incorrect4 ,see ,r5nie's ,,habits ,,( ,,birds1 p4 #d4--,,translator4 #ac ,!re are v>ieties 9 ?is species3 t ) ! head grey is r>e1 b :5 q :ite is /ill m s4--,,translator4 #ad ,x is r>e 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ae ,x is n a native ( ,brita94--,,translator4 #af ,p]haps f n hav+ be5 giv5 n[ & !n fea!rs1 ! fur & sk9 ( animals1 or ev5 beetles1 to cleanse ! /oma*4--,,translator4 #ag ,x is d\btful z a native ( ,brita94--,,translator4 #ah ,! rook1 7,corvus frugilegus1 ,l9nu17 seems "h to be conf\nd$ ) ! c>rion cr[4 ,i say no?+ ab\t ?is species1 z ,i h nev] he>d ( "o be+ tam$ or in/ruct$4 ,x is ab\t ! size ( ! c>rion cr[1 & *iefly diff]s f x 9 ! base ( ! beak be+ nak$1 & hav+ a r\gh scabr\s sk94--,,translator4 #ai ,x appe>s t 9 its c\rse f ,sw$5 to ,algi]s x does n range beyond a degree 9 longitude1 & is r>ely f\nd 9 ,brita94 ,few birds ( ?is gr\p1 z f> z has hi!rto be5 obs]v$1 w&] to ! "r or left dur+ _! migration4 ,! roll] frequ5ts %ady & solit>y woods1 & its "* is well adapt$ to !m4--,,translator4 #bj ,i once saw "o ( ^! birds dr9k1 aft] swall[+ dry ants' eggs2 x !n eat gre$ily ( lettuce & endive4 ,ano!r1 :i* ,i kept1 lik$ ! outside ( lettuces & sp9a* aft] hav+ eat5 insects1 especially beetles1 :i* are v heat+4 ,to judge f :at ,i h obs]v$1 ! roll] is by nature wild & solit>y2 x seldom *anges its situation1 except to seek its food or to hide itself f /rang]s4 ,x is a good ?+1 :e!r kept 9 a cage or let range1 always to h a box 9 its way1 9 :i* x may take refuge :5 fright5$2 x w n fail to hide itself !re1 & by ?is means w n be tempt$ to beat itself viol5tly1 :i* x does :5 x _c fly f ! object ( its fright4 ,x kn[s its mi/ress v well1 lets h] take x up1 comes ne> h]1 & sits )\t any fe> on h] knees = :ole h\rs )\t /irr+4 ,?is is z f> z x goes ev5 :5 tam$4 ,x is nei!r c>ess+ nor famili>2 :5 fright5$ x utt]s h>% cries1 s(t] ones :5 its food is br\ght1 b crag1 crag1 craag1 at ! same "t rais+ its head1 is ! expression ( its joy or triumph4--,,translator4 #ba ,x is r>ely f\nd 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #bb ,^! "y birds l to wa%2 b x is dang]\s = !m to h ! wat] too cold1 or to let !m rema9 too long 9 x1 z cramp 9 ! feet may be ! consequ5ce4 ,9 "o :i* we possess$1 ! accid5t 0 m vexati\s z ! bird 0 o!rwise 9 good heal?1 hav+ foll[$ ! above m5tion$ diet4--,,translator4 #bc ,! natural song is v l ! awkw>d attempts ( a c\ntry boy ) a bad musical e> to :i/le ! notes ( ! missel ?ru%4--,,translator4 #bd ,x is n common 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #be ,x may be add$ t x also walks v gracefully4--,,translator4 #bf ,x appe>s t ! ,psittacus ,ludovicianus1 ,,l9n,,u1 ,p]ru*e tte aurore1 ,,buffon1 is ! same species4 #bg ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 a woodpeck] ( ?is species :i* 0 re>$ by a lady1 to :om x seem$ v mu* atta*$4 ,x _h le>nt ( itself to g & return1 knock+ h>d at ! w9d[ if x 0 %ut out4 ,x 0 v amus+ to see x climb+ nimbly ov] its mi/ress till x _h rea*$ h] m\?2 x !n ask$ h] by light /rokes ( its beak = ! food :i* %e 0 accu/om$ to give x2 ?is 0 g5]ally a little meat4 ,x disappe>$ "o day1 )\t any "o's kn[+ :at accid5t _h befall5 x4--,,translator4 #bh ,a bird ( ?is species1 :i* _h be5 accid5tally w+$ by a sportsman1 0 kept 9 a small cage ( pla9 oak wood & wire4 ,dur+ a night & a day t 8 conf9em5t la/$1 8 tapp+ lab\r 0 incessant2 & aft] occupy+ 8 prison = t %ort space1 he left ! wood-"w pi]c$ & worn l worm-eat5 timb]4 ,8 impati5ce at 8 situation 0 excessive2 8 ef=ts to escape 7 unremitt$1 & display$ mu* intellig5ce & cunn+4 ,he 0 fi]ce1 fe>lessly famili>1 & voraci\s ( ! food plac$ be=e him4 ,at ! close ( ! second day he sunk "u ! comb9$ effects ( 8 vexation1 assiduity1 & voracity4 ,8 hamm]+ 0 peculi>ly labori\s1 = he did n peck z o!r birds d1 b grasp+ hold ) 8 imm5se feet1 he turn$ ^u !m z a pivot1 & /ruck ) ! :ole weight ( 8 body1 ?us assum+ ! appe>ance1 ) 8 entire =m1 ( ! head ( a hamm]1 or1 z birds may sometimes be se5 to d on me*anical clocks1 made to /rike ! h\r by sw++ on a :eel4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,t4 ,bree1 ( ,allesley1 says1 t hav+ caught a nu?at* 9 ! common brick trap us$ by boys1 he 0 /ruck ) ! s+ul> appe>ance ( its bill1 s unlike t ( any bird he _h ev] se54 ,x 0 blunt at ! end1 & pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 truncat$ 9 an oblique direction1 z if ! natural beak _h be5 cut (f4 ,he naturally inf]r$ t x _h be5 fairly gr\nd d[n to ab\t two-?irds ( its orig9al l5g?1 by ! bird's peck+ at ! bricks1 9 its ef=ts to escape f ! trap4--,,translator4 #bi ,! p>rot crossbill is a v diff]5t species1 b is r>e4--,,translator4 #cj ,! too great heat has d\btless also some?+ to d ) x4--,,translator4 #ca ,h[ev] difficult ?is pair+ may be1 x sometimes succe$s v well4 ,a bullf9* & female can>y once produc$ five "y ones1 :i* di$ on a j\rney :i* !y c\ld n be>4 ,_! l>ge beak1 & ! blacki% d[n ) :i* !y 7 cov]$1 %[$ t !y 7 m l _! fa!r ?an "m4--,,translator4 #cb ,i d n recomm5d ! employm5t ( bird organs = in/ruct+ birds1 because !y are r>ely accurate1 & _! notes are h>% & discordant2 = bullf9*es repeat ! s\nds exactly z !y he> !m1 :e!r h>% or false1 accord+ to ! in/rum5t us$4 ,! good & pure :i/l+ ( a man ( ta/e is f> pref]able2 ! bird repeats x 9 a s(t1 flute-l tone4 ,:5 "o _c :i/le well x is bett] to use a flageolet4--,,translator4 #cc ,mr4 ,?iem1 son ( ! ,mr4 ,?iem 9 ! text1 arrives annually 9 ,london 9 ,april or ,may1 ) birds = sale4--,,translator4 #cd ,x is n f\nd 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ce ,^? occasionally caught 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& may be pur*as$ 9 ,london at ab\t #gs4--,,translator4 #cf ,see ,ar*itecture ( ,birds1 page #bfe4 #cg ,! want ( a ba?+ place 9 ! n>r[ cages :]e ^! unhappy prison]s are kept is ! true cause ( ?is disease4 #ch ,a good deal ( imag9ation may be suppos$ to be put =? 9 ! translation ( ! song ( ^! birds4 ,an ,engli%man1 a ,fr5*man1 or an ,italian w\ld discov] 9 x words 9 _! own language :i* might express v diff]5t s\nds4 ,we %all n see ) less pleasure "h details t are entirely omitt$ 9 o!r works on birds4 ,"s w admire1 h[ev] f> x may g1 an e> ex]cis$ 9 discov]+ ! %ades1 niceties1 &1 9 fact1 ! beauties t delight x1 :il/ ano!r w\ld be sc>cely /ruck ) any diff]5ce4 ,/rang]s w no long] be surpris$ at ! excessive passion ^! birds excite :]e !y are /udi$ ) s mu* c>e4 ,9 ,engl& !y are v little priz$1 & b seldom kept4--,translator4 #ci ,lit]ally1 to g to ! w9e2 pron\nc$ v9e-gay4--,,translator4 #dj ,ruhl is a l>ge manufactur+ village 9 ,?ur+ia1 ! inhabitants ( :i*1 mo/ly cutl]s1 h su* a passion = *aff9*es t "s h gone n9ety miles f home to take ) bird-lime "o ( ^! birds di/+ui%$ by its song1 & h giv5 "o ( _! c[s = a f9e song/]2 f :i* has aris5 _! common expression1 su* a *aff9* is wor? a c[4 ,a common workman w give a l\is d'or 7sixte5 %ill+s7 = a *aff9* he admires1 & will+ly live on bread & wat] to ga9 ! money4 ,an amateur _c he> "o t s+s 9 a sup]ior /yle ! d\ble trill ( ! ,h>tz )\t be+ 9 an ec/asy4 ,i h he>d !m say t "o :i* s+s ?is melody p]fectly c]ta9ly c conv]se1 f its pron\nc+ ! syllables s di/9ctly4--,,au?or4 #da ,lngsfeld1 :]e ?is song 0 fir/ discov]$1 is a l>ge t[n 9 ! di/rict ( ,fulda1 situat$ a %ort di/ance f ! ,w]ra1 :i* at ,mund5 takes ! "n ( ,wes]1 aft] its junction ) ! ,fulda4--,,au?or4 #db ,x is only eight ye>s s9ce ?is song 0 accid5tally produc$4 ,a %oemak] ( ,iamba* _h giv5 a *aff9* t sung ! d\ble trill five "y s*ol>s1 "o ( :i* /ruck out = itself ?is peculi> w>bl+4 ,f ?is o!rs 7 taught1 s t amateurs may h ! pleasure ( he>+ at home a song t is n[ 9 fa%ion1 & pleases _m amateurs4 #dc ,! notes ( ! wild *aff9*es 9 ?is c\ntry are f9] ?an any cage ones ,i h he>d 9 ,g]many4--,,translator4 #dd ,! de/ruction ( ! sp>r[s has be5 s great an evil 9 ! c\ntries :]e ! gov]nm5t _h ord]$ x1 t x has be5 f\nd necess>y to resc9d ! ord]4 ,! injury !y d to ! corn is some?+ c]ta9ly1 b x may be exagg]at$1 besides1 ought n ^! useful creatures to be paid8--,,translator4 #de ,x is kn[n f exp]i5ce t w9t] rape se$1 :i* is n hurtful to !m 9 a wild /ate1 w soon kill !m if !y are f$ on x 9 ! h\se4--,,au?or4 #df ,we read 9 ,buffon1 t ! ,goldf9* fe$s its "y ) cat]pill>s2 ?is is n natural to ! species1 s9ce we f9d f>!r on1 t ! p>5t birds disgorge ! food into ! crop ( _! little ones1 & d n m]ely place x 9 ! beak z ^? birds d t fe$ _! "y on cat]pill>s & o!r insects4--,,translator4 #dg ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,see ,ar*itecture ( ,birds1 p4 #bfh4 #dh ,aft] hav+ %[n ! skill & docility ( ! goldf9*1 we _c end our praise ( ! bird bett] ?an by giv+ an in/ance ( 8 atta*m5t4 ,mad4 ---- _h "o t nev] saw h] g out )\t mak+ e ef=t 9 8 p[] to quit 8 cage & foll[ h]1 & welcom$ h] return ) e m>k ( extreme delight2 z soon z %e approa*$1 a ?\s& little actions %[$ 8 pleasure & satisfaction3 if %e pres5t$ h] f+]1 he c>ess$ x a long "t1 utt]+ a l[ joy\s murmur4 ,?is atta*m5t 0 s exclusive t if 8 mi/ress1 to prove x1 sub/itut$ ano!r p]son's f+] = h] own1 he w\ld peck x %>ply1 :il/ "o ( 8 mi/ress's1 plac$ betwe5 two ( ?is p]son's1 w\ld be imm$iately di/+ui%$1 & c>ess$ accord+ly4--,,translator4 #di ,x only comes to ,engl& dur+ w9t]4--,,translator4 #ej ,x is n s (t5 ( epilepsy1 & fat1 t male birds die1 z = ! want ( pair+4 ,p]haps ?is may be increas$1 ?\ghtlessly1 by too heat+ & too succul5t food4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 if a male t has di$ ?us 9 spr+ be dissect$1 its reproductive organs w be f\nd exce$+ly swell$4 ,x c only be pres]v$ by giv+ at ! "t refre%+ & mod]ate food4 ,boil$ bread & milk is v useful4--,,translator4 #ea ,!y are n natives ( ,brita94--,,translator4 #eb ,!y are n natives ( ,brita94--,,translator4 #ec ,i h obs]v$1 says ,adanson1 t ! can>y :i* becomes :ite 9 ,france is1 at ,t5]iffe1 ( a grey1 almo/ z d>k z t ( ! l9net4--,,au?or4 #ed ,x is a mi/ak5 idea t ! diff]5ce ( col\r 9 can>ies dep5ds on ! diff]5ce ( food4 ,! wild birds v>y mu* m ?an ! dome/ic1 yet _! food is m uni=m4 ,! be+ dome/icat$1 ! want ( ex]cise & natural food unit$1 may occasion an alt]ation 9 ! col\rs ( ! plumage4 ,my birds h only v simple food1 & yet !y are n ! less ( v>i\s col\rs4--,,au?or4 #ee ,?is practice is n accord+ to nature1 :i* we c r>ely oppose )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,?is plan causes ! "m a great] loss ( heat1 & burd5s h] at once ) five or six little ones1 :i* com+ toge!r1 di/urb r ?an please h]2 :il/ 9 see+ !m hat*$ successively "o aft] ! o!r1 h] pleasure is increas$ & supports h] /r5g? & c\rage4 ,v intellig5t bird-fanci]s assure u1 t by n remov+ ! eggs f ! female1 & leav+ !m to be hat*$ 9 succession1 !y h always succe$$ bett] ?an :5 sub/itut+ ivory eggs4 ,buffon4--,,translator4 #ef ,x sometimes happ5s 9 v dry seasons t ! fea!rs ( ! "y birds _c develop naturally2 a ba? ( tepid wat] employ$ on su* an occasion by ,madame 99 99 99 0 s successful t ,i _c d bett] ?an recomm5d x4 ,! same lady succe$$ equally well 9 simil> circum/ances 9 hat*+ late eggs2 %e plung$ !m = "s m9utes 9 wat] heat$ to ! degree ( incubation1 & imm$iately replac$ !m "u ! "m2 9 a %ort "t %e enjoy$ ! pleasure ( see+ ! little ones make _! appe>ance4 ,?is int]e/+ exp]im5t may be appli$ to all sorts ( birds1 & may be p>ticul>ly useful 9 reg>d to ^? ( ! p\ltry y>d4--,,translator4 #eg ,gre5 birds1 bullf9*es1 & ev5 *aff9*es1 yell[hamm]s1 & ! l1 h be5 tri$2 b ! difficulty augm5ts ) ! diff]5ce ( species & food3 = example1 ,i h nev] se5 a male can>y v fond ( a female yell[hamm]1 nor a male ( ! latt] k9d ( a female can>y1 ?\gh ! plumage may be select$ s z to (f] a /rik+ resemblance4 ,an ard5t bullf9* w sometimes yield to ! allurem5ts ( a v ard5t h5 can>y4 ,i h myself witness$ x2 b ) e c>e1 x is seldom t ! eggs prove fruitful1 & produce "y4 ,dr4 ,jassy1 h[ev]1 writes me f ,frank=t1 t he has obta9$ mules ( a bullf9* & can>y1 by mak+ o!r can>ies sit on ! eggs & br+ up ! "y2 & t ?is plan is pursu$ 9 ,bohemia4 ,a tuft$ or cre/$ female %\ld nev] be *os51 because ?is ornam5t is v unbecom+ to ! l>ge head ( a mule4 ,my bullf9*1 he adds1 is s atta*$ to ! female can>y t he m\rns all ! "t !y are sep>at$1 & _c be> any o!r bird4 ,i possess a night+ale :i*1 hav+ be5 = a long "t %ut up ) a female can>y1 lives v sociably ) h]1 & s+s z usual2 inde$1 he 0 s ard5t 9 ! spr+1 t he pair$ ) h] 9 my pres5ce1 b ! eggs 7 unproductive4 ,i %all try next spr+1 if ! same ?+ happ5s1 to give ! eggs to ano!r sitt]4--,,au?or4 #eh ,"s d ?is naturally1 o!rs are taught x 9 _! y\?1 by cov]+ ! cage & keep+ !m 9 ! d>k dur+ ! day1 long en\gh = !m to be hungry2 !y are ?us =c$ to eat by c&le-light4 ,gradually !y become accu/om$ to ?is1 & at la/ s+4--,,au?or4 #ei ,no?+ is m delightful ?an to he> !m imitate ! song ( ! night+ale2 ,i pref] ^? :i* h ?is tal5t1 & ,i nev] fail to possess "o4--,,au?or4 #fj ,9 ,brita9 x is p>tly migratory & p>tly /ation>y4--,,translator4 #fa ,if x is difficult to induce l>ks to sit1 x appe>s to be v easy to make !m take c>e ( a "y brood4 ,! in/9ct1 says ,buffon1 :i* induces h5 l>ks to br+ up & wat* ov] a brood appe>s sometimes v e>ly1 ev5 be=e t :i* disposes !m to become mo!rs1 & :i*1 9 ! ord] ( nature1 ought1 x w\ld seem1 to prec$e x4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,may1 a "y l>k 0 br\ght to me :i* c\ld n fe$ itself2 ,i f$ x1 & x c\ld h>dly peck up1 :5 a brood ( f\r "y ones ( ! same species 0 br\ght to me f ano!r place4 ,%e exhibit$ a s+ul> affection = ^! new com]s1 :i* 7 n mu* y\ng] ?an h]self2 %e nurs$ !m day & night1 w>m$ !m "u h] w+s1 & pu%$ ! food into _! m\?s ) h] beak2 no?+ c\ld di/ract h] f ^! int]e/+ duties4 ,if %e 0 remov$ f ! "y ones1 %e flew back to !m z soon z %e 0 free1 )\t ev] ?9k+ ( escap+1 z %e might h done a hundr$ times4 ,h] affection increas$ s mu* t %e lit]ally =got to eat & dr9k2 & %e liv$ only on ! food :i* 0 giv5 to h] z well z to h] adopt$ "y1 & %e di$ at l5g?1 consum$ by ?is sort ( mat]nal passion4 ,none ( ! "y surviv$ h]1 !y di$ "o aft] ! o!r1 s necess>y _h h] mat]nal c>es become to !m2 s entirely 7 ^! c>es produc$ by affection1 & reciprocat$4 ,?is1 x appe>s1 is m ?an c\ld be said ( ! p]sons :o _h ! c>e ( ^! un=tunate little birds4--,,translator4 #fb ,!y are n natives ( ,brita94--,,translator4 #fc ,i possess$ a f9e "o :i* di$ f lice4--,,translator4 #fd ,i saw a colony ( />l+s e/abli%$ on ?is plan at an inn at ,leyd54--,,translator4 #fe ,9 ,engl& x cont9ues ?r\gh\t ! ye>4--,,translator4 #ff ,ba?+ may prev5t ! fir/2 boil$ bread & milk adm9i/]$ seasonably relieves1 & ev5 entirely cures1 ! o!r4--,,translator4 #fg ,9 ,brita9 !y rema9 all ! ye>4--,,translator4 #fh ,i h se5 ! ne/ 9 ,scotl&4--,,translator4 #fi ,x occurs on ! ,rh9e at ,ehr5breitz51 & ,i h se5 x on ! ,sieb5gebirge4--,,translator4 #gj ,i pur*as$ two at ,cobl5tz1 :i* liv$ "s "t 9 ,engl&4 ,individuals h be5 sold 9 ,london = sev5 p\nds4--,,translator4 #ga ,x is n f\nd 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #gb ,! food ( ! cag$ night+ale is probably n suffici5tly nutriti\s = ! re$ ?ru%2 no d\bt1 also1 x injures ! /oma*2 p]haps ! numb] ( meal-worms ) :i* x is suppli$ %\ld be increas$2 & small beetles %\ld be (f]$ to x1 ^: w+-cases & claws1 n be+ dige/$ by ! insectivor\s bird1 s]ve to purge ! /oma*2 its food1 9 %ort1 %\ld resemble z mu* z possible t ( its natural condition4--,,translator4 #gc ,!re are "s c\ntries :i* appe> n adapt$ = night+ales1 & 9 :i* !y nev] /op1 z 9 ,france1 9 ,le ,bugey1 z high z ,nantua1 a "p ( ,holl&1 ,nor? ,wales1 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 except+ ! c\nty ( ,york1 & all ,scotl& & ,irel&4 #gd ,9 ,italy !y arrive 9 ,m>*1 & dep>t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]4 ,9 ,engl& !y arrive 9 ,april & ,may1 & dep>t 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]4 #ge ,! means ( always hav+ a pl5tiful supply ( meal worms is to fill a l>ge e>!nw>e or br[n /one j> ) :eat bran1 b>ley or oatmeal1 & put into x "s pieces ( sug> pap] or old %oe lea!r4 ,into ea* ( ^! j>s1 ( ab\t two qu>ts 9 size1 half a p9t ( meal worms is ?r[n 7^! may be b\ght at any bak]'s or mill]'s71 & by leav+ !m quiet = ?ree mon?s1 cov]$ ) a bit ( wooll5 clo? soak$ 9 be]1 or m]ely 9 wat]1 !y w *ange into beetles 7,t5ebrio ,molitor1 ,l9nu74 ,^! insects soon propagate by eggs1 :i* r5ew & increase ! numb] ( maggots s mu* t "o su* j> w ma9ta9 a night+ale4--,,au?or4 #gf ,_m p]sons :o are n 9 a situation to buy ants' eggs 7improp]ly s call$1 s9ce !y are ! pup 9 _! cocoons71 w d\btless be glad to "k ! me?od us$ = gett+ !m out ( ! ant-hill4 ,a f9e sunny day 9 summ] is *os51 &1 provid$ ) a %ovel we beg9 by g5tly uncov]+ a ne/ ( ! l>ge wood ants 7,=mica rufa1 ,l9nu71 till we arrive at ! eggs2 ^! are !n tak5 away1 & plac$ 9 ! sun1 9 ! middle ( a clo? ^: corn]s are turn$ up ov] little bran*es well cov]$ ) leaves4 ,! ants1 9 ord] to protect ! eggs f ! heat ( ! sun1 quickly remove !m "u ! %elt] :i* is prep>$ = !m4 ,9 ?is mann] !y are easily obta9$ fre$ f dirt1 & f ! ants also4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a clo? a smoo? place is *os51 ar\nd :i* "s small furr[s are cut1 ov] :i* ! bran*es are laid1 :i* leads to ! same result4--,,au?or4 #gg ,engli% bird-cat*]s also express ! phrases ( ! night+ale by words1 or p>ticul> names1 sweet1 jug1 sweet1 pipe rattle1 swetswat1 swaty1 wat] bubble1 skeg1 skeg1 :itl[1 :itl[1 & ! l4 #gh ,i possess a night+ale :i* repeats ^! drawl+ melan*oly notes (t5 ?irty or ev5 fifty times4 ,_m pron\nce gu1 guy1 gui1 & o!rs qu1 quy1 qui4--,,au?or4 #gi ,^! syllables are pron\nc$ 9 a %>p] cle>] mann] ?an ! prec$+ lu1 lu1 c4 #hj ,h[ev] difficult1 or ev5 impossible1 x may be to express ?is song ^u an in/rum5t 7except+1 h[ev]1 ! jay call1 made ( t91 on :i* is plac$ a piece ( bir* cut 9 a cross1 & :i* is held betwe5 ! tongue & ! palate71 yet x is v true t ! accompanim5t ( a good piano produces ! mo/ agreeable effect4--,,au?or4 #ha ,we mu/ n conf\nd true nocturnal night+ales ) ^? :i* are call$ mop]s4 ,a true nocturnal s+s f night to morn+ )\t /opp+1 :ile a mop] s+s only at int]vals1 unconnect$ly1 & always makes pauses ( "s m9utes betwe5 ea* /ra94 ,all night+ales become mop]s :5 !y rea* five or six ye>s ( age2 :5ce arises ! mi/ake ( _m p]sons1 :o ?9k !y possess a nocturnal :5 !y h really only a mop]4 ,! rev]se happ5s sometimes1 also2 = a true nocturnal bird1 caught su*1 (t5 loses 8 p[] aft] "o or two ye>s ( captivity1 & is !n a m]e mop]4--,,au?or4 #hb ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be own$1 t ( tw5ty "y night+ales br$ f ! ne/ sc>cely "o succe$s 9 all respects4 ,!y seldom possess _! natural song 9 its purity2 !y almo/ inv>iably introduce1 9 spite ( all _! in/ruction1 =eign & disagreeable tones4 ,! "y :i* are caught 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/1 be=e _! dep>ture1 are ! be/2 !y h already le>nt _! fa!r's song1 & !y p]fect x ! foll[+ spr+1 if !y are plac$ beside a good s+]4--,,au?or4 #hc ,a night+ale :i* ,i _h giv5 away1 says ,m4 ,le ,manie1 no long] see+ 8 mi/ress1 left (f eat+1 & 0 soon r$uc$ to ! la/ gasp2 he c\ld n support himself on 8 p]*6 b be+ re/or$ to 8 mi/ress1 he reviv$1 ate1 drank1 p]*$1 & _h recov]$ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x is said t "s h be5 kn[n1 :5 set at lib]ty 9 ! woods1 to return to _! ma/]s4 ,x is q c]ta9 t !y recognise ! voice ( _! ma/]s & mi/resses1 & approa* at _! call4 #hd ,accord+ to ! ,greeks1 ,progn 0 metamorphos$ into a night+ale1 & ,philomel1 h] si/]1 into a swall[4 ,! ,lat9s h *ang$ & confus$ ?is /ory1 :i* ! mod]ns h1 9 _! turn1 copi$ )\t exam9ation4 #he ,x is n a native ( ,brita94--,,translator4 #hf ,to prep>e ?is t9cture1 take ( wat] f\r p>ts1 ( black oxide ( iron "o "p2 boil ! oxide ) ! wat]1 & !n pass a curr5t ( *lor9e gas ?r\gh ! mixture till x w absorb no m2 filt] ! liquor & evaporate ov] a sl[ fire to ! consi/5ce ( an extract2 :5 ?is is cold1 p\r ^u x ( hydro*loric e!r ?ree p>ts2 let x mac]ate )\t heat = sev]al days2 !n add ( alcoholis$ hydro*loric acid n9e p>ts2 mac]ate aga91 filt] ! liquor1 & expose x to ! sun4--,,translator4 #hg ,?is is a mi/ake2 x is z fond ( b]ries z ( insects4--,,translator4 #hh ,?is bird also has ! art ( pleas+ by 8 pretty tricks4 ,he %[s a /rik+ affection = 8 mi/ress2 utt]s a p>ticul> s\nd1 a m t5d] note to welcome h]2 at h] approa* he d>ts aga9/ ! wires ( 8 cage1 &1 by a cont9u$ flutt]+1 accompani$ ) little cries1 he seems to express 8 eag]ness & gratitude4 ,a "y male :i* ,i _h put 9 ! ho?\se = ! w9t]1 0 accu/om$ to receive f my h&1 e "t ,i ent]$1 a meal-worm2 ?is took place s regul>ly1 t imm$iately on my arrival he plac$ himself ne> ! little j> :]e ,i kept ! meal-worms4 ,if ,i pret5d$ n to notice ?is signal he w\ld take flight1 &1 pass+ close "u my nose1 imm$iately resume 8 po/2 & ?is he repeat$1 sometimes ev5 /rik+ me ) 8 w+1 till ,i satisfi$ 8 wi%es & impati5ce4 #hi ,no d\bt 8 great voracity weak5s 8 /oma*1 & by load+ ! inte/9es ) glut9\s matt] ! vessels _c take up suffici5t n\ri%m5t2 x is !re=e n convey$ suffici5tly to ! sk9 & fea!rs1 :5ce proce$ ! fall ( ! latt] & ! enfeeblem5t ( ! body4 #ij ,?is bird is n kn[n 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ia ,x is h[ev]1 by no means easily tam$1 b rema9s fe>ful & di/ant4--,,translator4 #ib ,9 ,brita9 !y rema9 all ! ye>4--,,translator4 #ic ,i h se5 "s 9 cages :i* 7 entirely f$ on :ite bread :i* 0 soak$ 9 hot milk left to get cold1 & !y 7 v heal?y4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we w\ld fe$ !m well1 !y require ne>ly ! same diet z ! night+ale4--,,translator4 #id ,x is r>ely se5 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ie ,i h made ! same obs]vation on ! r$/>t4 #if ,x rema9s all w9t] 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ig ,?is is a mi/ake1 z x likes to frequ5t high elms4--,,translator4 #ih ,x is r>e 9 ,engl&4--,,translator4 #ii ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t ?is bird1 n[ s common 9 ,?ur+ia1 0 a r>ity !re tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,?is *ange _c be attribut$ to climate or food4 ,:at is ! occasion ( x !n8--,,au?or4 #ajj ,9 sitt+ on h\se eaves1 & s++ 9 ! autumn1 x p]=ms a simil> "p 9 ,g]many to ! r$-brea/ 9 ,brita94 ,no r$-brea/ on ! ,cont95t becomes famili> ab\t ! h\se l ours2 !y keep always 9 ! woods4--,,translator4 #aja ,at a v advanc$ age ! female acquires all ! col\rs ( ! male1 yet less bright1 z ,i h obs]v$ ( sev]al birds4 ,su* females d n bre$ aft]w>ds1 & 9 summ] fly f place to place4 ,?is peculi>ity is also obs]v$ 9 h5-pheasants4--,,au?or4 #ajb ,x is n f\nd 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ajc ,?is ,i d\bt4--,,translator4 #ajd ,mo/ c]ta9ly a mi/ake4--,,translator4 #aje ,sweet's ,briti% ,w>bl]s4 #ajf ,"o ( ^! pretty birds1 :i* ,i _h 9 my room "o w9t]1 ate ) pleasure1 & appe>$ to ?rive ^u1 a v simple pa/e1 made ( ! crumb ( :ite bread dri$ 9 an ov5 & p[d]$3 a teaspoonful ( ?is 0 put 9 a cup1 & ?ree teaspoonfuls ( milk1 z hot z x c\ld be made )\t boil+1 p\r$ ov] x4--,,au?or4 #ajg ,x is r>e 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #ajh ,x is difficult to decide to :at g5us ?is species belongs2 x has ! *>act]i/ics ( sev]al4 ,its size1 habit1 food1 mix$ insects & se$s1 ev5 its pace1 = :5 on ! gr\nd x r>ely hops l ! w>bl]s1 b runs quickly head =w>ds1 l ! quails1 sc>cely ev] re/+ on trees2 9 all ?is x be>s a relation to ! l>ks4 ,n[ z !re are l>ks t appe> to =m ! l9k betwe5 t g5us & ! w>bl]s1 ! ,alp9e w>bl] may be said to =m "o also betwe5 ! w>bl]s & ! l>ks4--,,translator4 #aji ,x is call$ ,joe ,b5t by ! ,london bird-cat*]s4--,,translator4 #aaj ,?is cyl9d] (t5s occasions _! dea?4 ,x is only by great address & quickness t !y c pass ?r\gh ! hole ( communication2 ea* "t !y run ! risk ( be+ cru%$1 especially on com+ out1 f ! prolong$ motion ( ! ma*9e4--,,translator4 #aaa ,x is n uncommon 9 ,brita91 su* z ne> ,london1 c4--,,translator4 #aab ,!y are fond ( pick+ bones4--,,translator4 #aac ,!y are n uncommon 9 ,brita91 su* z ab\t ,london1 c4--,,translator4 #aad ,x is f\nd1 b r>ely1 9 ! fir woods 9 ! nor? ( ,scotl&4--,,translator4 #aae ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 "o old cre/$ tit t 0 tam$ z easily z any o!r bird4 ,aft] pass+ ! w9t] 9 a cage x refus$ its lib]ty 9 ! spr+4 ,x 0 !n plac$ 9 ! g>d5 ne> ! h\se1 :]e x rema9$ till ev5+1 hav+ hopp$ ab\t all day1 utt]+ re/less anxi\s cries4 ,its mi/ress1 fe>+ "s accid5t befall+ x dur+ ! night1 held ! cage t[>ds x1 into :i* x in/antly jump$ ) pleasure4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 all[$ to range ?ree adjo9+ rooms4 ,x is always lively1 com+ :5 its mi/ress calls1 & p]*+ on h] f+]1 & seek+ 9 h] half-clos$ h& ! flies %e may h !re4 ,x made a ne/ 9 a w9d[-curta91 into :i* x w\ld glide secretly 9 ! ev5+1 b w\ld nev] g :il/ any eyes 7 turn$ on t side1 & seiz$ a fav\rable mom5t s quickly1 t = "s "t no "o knew :]e x retir$2 :5 x 0 discov]$1 ! curta9s 7 nev] t\*$4--,,translator4 #aaf ,?is is n q correct1 ! female hav+ small m\/a*es ( a light col\r4--,,translator4 #aag ,!y ab\nd 9 ! f5s ( ,l9coln%ire1 on ! ,?ames bel[ ,gre5wi*1 c4--,,translator4 #aah ,great numb]s are br\ght f ,holl& to ,london1 & sell = ab\t five %ill+s a pair4--,,translator4 #aai ,?is is a mi/ake3 ! food giv5 to ! "y is a sort ( ?ick milky secretion f ! /oma* ( ! p>5t birds1 bo? male & female4--,,translator4 #abj ,9 ,engl& !y are n uncommon 9 ! woods4--,,translator4 #aba ,! close & mephitic air ( ^! rooms1 :i* are kept w>m] :il/ a p]son is ill1 may well produce ?is app>5t sympa?y4--,,translator4 #abb ,an errone\s op9ion1 :i* displays m egotism ?an humanity2 yet d p g5]ally act ) m equity & dis9t]e/$ness8 #abc ,"h is ano!r in/ance1 9 :i* man1 seek+ 8 own pleasure at ! exp5se ( ! well be+ ( o!r creatures1 deceives himself respect+ ! motives4 ,! poor prison] does n s+ to amuse himself1 or f cont5tm5t2 its repeat$ cries call unceas+ly = ! mate f :i* x is sep>at$2 & ?\gh !y h be5 va9 ?r\gh\t ! day1 he r5ews !m on ! morr[1 no d\bt1 l man1 support$ by hope1--a hope1 alas6 :i* is nev] realis$6--,,au?or4 #abd ,x is n[ uncommon 9 ,brita94--,,translator4 #abe ,a great _m mall>ds are half dome/icat$ on ! wat] 9 ,/4 ,james' ,p>k1 ,london1 & o!r simil> places 9 ,engl&4--,,translator4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,acc5tor modul>is1 ,be*/e91 #bbh ,alauda alpe/ris1 ,l9nu1 #ahd ,alauda arborea1 ,l9nu1 #agi ,alauda arv5sis1 ,l9nu1 #agd ,alauda ,cal&ra1 ,l9nu1 #ahe ,alauda cri/ata1 ,l9nu1 #agh ,alc$o ,ispida1 ,l9nu1 #hc ,am&ava1 #ajd ,ampelis g>rulus1 ,l9nu1 #ahh ,an?us arboreus1 ,be*/e91 #ahb ,an?us campe/ris1 ,be*/e91 #ahd ,arb\r ,bird1 #bee ,b4 ,babill>d1 #bdg ,blackbird1 #aih ,blackbird 7,r+71 #bjj ,blackbonnet1 #aba ,blackcap1 #bbb ,black ,/ork1 #bif ,blue-,brea/1 #bcc ,bohemian ,*att]]1 #ahh ,bullf9*1 #ib ,bunt+ 7,corn71 #aaf ,bunt+ 7,dom9ican71 #abe ,bunt+ 7,fooli%71 #abj ,bunt+ 7,m\nta971 #aad ,bunt+ 7,pa9t$71 #abg ,bunt+ 7,re$71 #aba ,bunt+ 7,%aft-tail$71 #abe ,bunt+ 7,sn[71 #aab ,bunt+ 7,sp>r[71 #abc ,bunt+ 7,:idah71 #abd ,but*]-bird 7,great71 #ca ,c4 ,cal&ra ,l>k1 #ahe ,can>y1 #aeh ,c>rion ,cr[1 #ci ,c]am ,lory1 #gc ,*aff9*1 #abh ,*iff-,*aff 7,common71 #beh ,*iff-,*aff 7,ruf\s71 #bfa ,c9clus aquaticus1 ,be*/e91 #aij ,cirl-,bunt+1 ,la?am1 #aai ,cockatoo 7,banksian71 #gj ,cockatoo 7,great r$-cre/$71 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