,transcrib]'s ,note  ,m>g9al notes are  
us$ = multiple purposes 9 ?is edition4  
,footnotes & section head]s 7 bo? pr9t$ 
9 ! m>g9s4 ,= ?is text v]sion1 numb]$   
m>g9al footnotes h be5 mov$ to ! end (  
_! p>agraphs4 ,! head]s h be5 mov$ to   
appe> on a sep>ate l9e at ! beg9n+ ( ea*
 section4 ,r$undant sid5otes m]ely      
indicat+ ,"p & ,section numb]s h be5    
remov$4  ,^? notes :i* s]ve z p>agraph  
descriptions1 at or ne> ! head ( a      
p>agraph1 prec$e t p>agraph4 ,^? :i*    
s]ve to annotate specific po9ts are     
ins]t$ p>5!tically z ,,sn3 notes4       
,italics are us$ freely1 & h be5 r5d]$  
us+ und]score *>act]s4 ,sup]script$     
*>act]s are r5d]$ z x4  ,please consult 
! m detail$ notes at ! end ( ?is text4  
,,! ,,engli% ,,libr>y                   
,,! ,,works ,,(                         
,,sir ,,?omas ,,br[ne                   
,,volume ,,ii                           
,illu/ration3 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne's      
,skull                                  
,,! ,,works ,,(                         

,,sir ,,?omas ,,br[ne                   
,edit$ by                               
,,*>les ,,sayle                         
,,volume ,,ii                           
,,london                                
,,grant ,,ri*>ds                        
#aijd           ,ed9burgh ,t4 & ,a4     
,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y       
,,prefatory ,,note   ,! frontispiece to 
?is volume is reproduc$ f a photograph  
k9dly l5t to me = ! purpose by ,mr4     
,*>les ,williams1 ,f4,r4,c4,s4,e41 (    
,norwi*1 ^: note ^u ! measurem5ts ( ,sir
 ,?omas ,br[ne's skull appe>$ z ,app5dix
 ,,ii4 9 ! edition ( ,br[ne's           
,hydriotaphia & ,g>d5 ( ,cyrus1 publi%$ 
9 ! ',gold5 ,treasury ,s]ies1' by       
,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,co41 9 #ahif4  ,!
 id5tification ( ! au?or quot$ 9 ! m>g9 
( page #bcc 7,book v4 ,*apt] x474 ,i owe
 to ,mr4 ,w4 ,aldis ,wright4            
,c4,s4 ,may #a1 #aijd4     ,,cont5ts    
,,page ,,pseudodoxia ,,epidemica    ,,! 
,,?ird ,,book 7cont9u$73     #aa4 ,(    
,griff9s1                               

#a    #ab4 ,( ! ,phnix1                 
#d    #ac4 ,( ,frogs1 ,toads1 &         
,toad-/one1                             
#ac    #ad4 ,( ! ,salam&]1              
#ah    #ae4 ,( ! ,amphisbna1            
#bb    #af4 ,( ! ,vip]1                 
#bf    #ag4 ,( ,h>es1                   
#cc    #ah4 ,( ,moles1 or ,molls1       
#db    #ai4 ,( ,lampries1               
#df    #bj4 ,( ,snayls1                 
#dh    #ba4 ,( ! ,*ameleon1             
#ej    #bb4 ,( ! ,o/ri*1                
#fb    #bc4 ,( ,unicorns ,horn1         
#ff    #bd4 ,t all animals ( ! ,l&1 are 
9 _! k9d 9 ! ,sea1 #gc    #be4 ,conc]n+ 
! common c\rse ( ,diet1 9 mak+ *oice (  
"s ,animals1 & ab/a9+ f eat+ o!rs1      
#gf    #bf4 ,( ,sp]ma-,ceti1 & !        
,sp]ma-,ceti ,:ale1                  #he
    #bg4 ,comp5di\sly ( ,sundry ,t55ts  
conc]n+ o!r ,animals1          :i*      
exam9$1 prove ei!r false or dubi\s1     
#hi    #bh4 ,( "s o!rs1                 
#ajc    ,,! ,,f\r? ,,book3      #a4 ,( !
 ,erectness ( ,man1                     

#aji     #b4 ,( ! ,he>t1                
#aac     #c4 ,( ,pleurisies1            
#aaf     #d4 ,( ! ,r+-f+]1              
#aag     #e4 ,( ! "r & left ,h&1        
#abb     #f4 ,( ,swimm+ & ,float+1      
#acd     #g4 ,conc]n+ ,weight1          
#ach     #h4 ,( ! passage ( ,meat &     
,dr9k1                          #adb    
#i4 ,( ,sneez+1                         
#add    #aj4 ,( ! ,jews1                
#adg    #aa4 ,( ,pigmies1               
#aee    #ab4 ,( ! great ,climact]ical   
ye>1 t is1 ,sixty-?ree1     #afj    #ac4
 ,( ! ,canicul> or ,dog daies1          
#ahc    ,,! ,,fif? ,,book3      #a4 ,( !
 ,picture ( ! ,pelecan1                 
#bjb     #b4 ,( ! ,picture ( ,dolph9s1  
#bje     #c4 ,( ! ,picture ( a          
,gra%opp]1                              
#bjg     #d4 ,( ! ,picture ( ! ,s]p5t   
tempt+ ,eve1                #bji     #e4
 ,( ! ,picture ( ,adam & ,eve ) ,navels1
                #bab     #f4 ,( !       
,pictures ( ,ea/]n ,nations1 & ! ,jews  
at          _! ,fea/s1 especially our   

,savi\r at ! ,passov]1    #bae     #g4  
,( ! ,picture ( our ,savi\r ) long hair1
              #bbd     #h4 ,( ! ,picture
 ( ,abraham sacrific+ ,isaac1           
#bbf     #i4 ,( ! ,picture ( ,moses )   
horns1                        #bbg      
#aj4 ,( ! ,scut*eons ( ! ,tribes (      
,israel1                 #bbi    #aa4 ,(
 ! ,pictures ( ! ,sibyls1               
#bcc    #ab4 ,( ! ,picture describ+ !   
dea? ( ,cleopatra1          #bce    #ac4
 ,( ! ,pictures ( ! ,n9e ,wor?ies1      
#bcg    #ad4 ,( ! ,picture ( ,jeph?ah   
sacryfic+ 8 daught]1       #bda    #ae4 
,( ! ,picture ( ,john ! ,bapti/1        
#bde    #af4 ,( ! ,picture ( ,/4        
,*ri/oph]1                         #bdg 
#ag4 ,( ! ,picture ( ,/4 ,george1       
#bdi    #ah4 ,( ! ,picture ( ,j]om1     
#bea    #ai4 ,( ! ,pictures ( ,m]maids1 
,unicorns1 & "s o!rs1    #bec    #bj4 ,(
 ! ,hi]oglyphical ,pictures ( !         
,egyptians1           #beh    #ba4 ,( ! 
,picture ( ,haman hang$1                
#bfj    #bb4 ,comp5di\sly ( _m          

que/ionable ,cu/oms1 ,op9ions1          
,pictures1 ,practices1 & ,popul>        
,obs]vations1           #bfd    #bc4 ,( 
"s o!rs1                                
#bgf    ,,! ,,six? ,,book3      #a4     
,conc]n+ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,_w1              
#bhc     #b4 ,( m5s ,enquiries 9 :at    
season or ,po9t ( !          ,zodiack x 
began1                                  
#cjj     #c4 ,( ! ,divisions ( ! seasons
 & f\r ,qu>t]s          ( ! ye>1        
#cjb     #d4 ,( "s computation ( days & 
d$uctions ( "o "p          ( ! ye> unto 
ano!r1                                  
#cji     #e4 ,a ,digression ( ! wisdom (
 ,god 9 ! site &          motion ( !    
,sun1                                   
#cac     #f4 ,conc]n+ ! vulg> op9ion1 t 
! ,e>? 0          sl5d]ly peopl$ be=e ! 
,flood1                      #cai       
#g4 ,( ,ea/ & ,we/1                     
#cch     #h4 ,( ! ,riv] ,nilus1         
#cdi     #i4 ,( ! ,r$ ,sea1             
#cfc    #aj4 ,( ! ,blackness ( ,negroes1
                               #cfg     

#aa4 ,( ! same1                         
#chj    #ab4 ,a ,digression conc]n+     
,blackness1                         #chg
    #ac4 ,( ,gypsies1                   
#cie    #ad4 ,( "s o!rs1                
#cig                                    
,,pseudodoxia ,,epidemica               
,,! ,,?ird ,,book--cont9u$              
,,*apt] ,,xi                            
,( ,griff9s4   ,t !re are ,griff9s 9    
,nature1 t is a mixt & dubi\s ,animal1 9
 ! =e-"p resembl+ an ,eagle1 & beh9d1 ! 
%ape ( a ,lion1 ) erect$ e>s1 f\r feet &
 a long tail1 _m affirm1 & mo/1 ,i      
p]ceive1 d5y n4 ,! same is av]r$ by     
lian1 ,sol9us1 ,mela1 & ,h]odotus1      
c\nt5anc$ by ! ,"n sometimes f\nd 9     
,scripture1 & 0 an ,hi]oglyphick ( !    
,egyptians4  ,not)/&+ we f9d mo/ dilig5t
 enquir]s to be ( a contr>y ass]tion4 ,=
 beside t ,alb]tus & ,pl9y h disall[$ x1
 ! le>n$ ,aldrov&us ha? 9 a l>ge        
disc\rse reject$ x2 ,ma?ias ,mi*ovius :o
 writ ( ^? ,nor!rn p>ts :]e9 m5 place ^!
 ,griff9s1 ha? positively conclud$ aga9/

 x2 & if exam9$ by ! ,doctr9e (         
,animals1 ! inv5tion is mon/r\s1 nor mu*
 inf]i\r unto ! figm5t ( ,sphynx1       
,*imra1 & ,h>pies1 = ?\gh !re be "s fly+
 ,animals ( mix$ & p>ticipat+ ,natures1 
t is1 betwe5 ,bird & quadrup$1 yet are  
_! w+s & legs s set toge!r1 t !y seem to
 make ea* o!r2 !re be+ a commixtion (   
bo?1 r !n an adaptation or cem5t (      
prom95t p>ts unto ea* o!r1 z is         
obs]vable 9 ! ,bat1 ^: w+s & =e-legs are
 contriv$ 9 ea* o!r4 ,= ?\gh "s species 
!re be ( middle & p>ticipat+ ,natures1 t
 is1 ( ,bird & ,bea/1 z ,bats & "s few  
o!rs1 yet are _! p>ts s con=m$ & set    
toge!r1 t we _c def9e ! beg9n+ or end ( 
ei!r2 !re be+ a commixtion ( bo? 9 !    
:ole1 r !n an adaptation or cem5t ( ! "o
 unto ! o!r4  ,n[ = ! ^w  or ,gryps1    
sometimes m5tion$ 9 ,scripture ,,sn3    
,levit4 #aa41 & frequ5tly 9 humane      
,au?ors1 prop]ly und]/ood1 x signifies  
"s k9d ( ,eagle or ,vulture1 f :5ce !   
,epi!te ,grypus = an hook$ or ,aquil9e  
,nose4 ,?us :5 ! ,septuag9t makes use ( 

?is ^w1 ,tremellius & our ,translation  
ha? r5dr$ x ! ,ossifrage1 :i* is "o k9d 
( ,eagle4 ,& al?\gh ! ,vulg>            
,translation1 & t annex$ unto !         
,septuag9t1 reta9 ! ^w ,gryps1 :i* 9    
ord9>y & s*ool con/ruction is commonly  
r5dr$ a ,griff91 yet _c ! ,lat9e assume 
any o!r s5se !n ! ,greek1 f :5ce x is   
borr[$4 ,& ?\gh ! ,lat9e ,gryphes be    
alt]$ some:at by ! addition ( an h1 or  
aspiration ( ! lett] 1 yet is n ?is     
unusual2 s :at ! ,greeks call 1 ! ,lat9e
 w call ,trophum2 & t p]son :i* 9 !     
,gospel is nam$ 1 ! ,lat9es w r5d]      
,cleophas4 ,& !re=e ! qu>rel ( ,orig5 0 
unju/1 & 8 conception errone\s1 :5 he   
conceiv$ ! food ( ,griff9s =bidd5 by !  
law ( ,moses3 t is1 ,poetical ,animals1 
& ?+s ( no exi/5ce4 ,& !re=e :5 9 !     
,hecatombs & mighty ,oblations ( !      
,g5tiles1 x is deliv]$ !y sacrific$     
,gryphes or ,griff9s2 h]eby we may      
und]/& "s /rong] sort ( ,eagles4 ,&     
!re=e also :5 its said 9 ,virgil ( an   
improp] ,mat*1 or ,mopsus m>ry+ ,nysa1  

,jung5tur jam gryphes equis2 we ne$ n   
hunt aft] o!r s5se1 !n t /range unions  
%all be made1 & diff]5t ,natures be     
conjo9$ toge!r4  ,z = ! te/imonies (    
anci5t ,writ]s1 !y are b d]ivative1 &   
t]m9ate all 9 "o ,ari/eus a ,poet (     
,proconesus2 :o affirm$ t ne> !         
,arimaspi1 or "o-ey$ ,nation1 ,griff9s  
def5d$ ! ,m9es ( ,gold4 ,b ?is1 z       
,h]odotus deliv]e?1 he wrote by he>-say2
 & ,mi*ovius :o ha? expresly writt5 ( ^?
 p>ts1 pla9ly affirme?1 !re is nei!r    
,gold nor ,griff9s 9 t ,c\ntry1 nor any 
su* ,animal extant2 = s do? he conclude1
 ,ego v]o contra vet]es au?ores1        
,gryphes nec 9 illa sept5trionis1 nec 9 
aliis orbis p>tibus inv5iri affirm>im4  
,la/ly1 ,conc]n+ ! ,hi]oglyphical       
au?ority1 al?\gh x ne>e/ approa* ! tru?1
 x do? n inf] its exi/5cy4 ,! conceit ( 
! ,griff9 prop]ly tak5 be+ b a          
symbolical phansie1 9 s intoll]able a   
%ape includ+ all[able morality4 ,s do? x
 well make out ! prop]ties ( a ,gu>dian1
 or any p]son entru/$2 ! e>s imply+     

att5tion1 ! w+s cel]ity ( execution1 !  
,lion-l %ape1 c\rage & audacity1 ! hook$
 bill1 res]vance & t5acity4 ,x is also  
an ,emblem ( val\r & magnanimity1 z be+ 
comp\nd$ ( ! ,eagle & ,lion1 ! noble/   
,animals 9 _! k9ds2 & s is x appliable  
unto ,pr9ces1 ,presid5ts1 ,g5]als1 & all
 h]oick ,comm&]s2 & s is x also born 9 !
 ,coat-arms ( _m noble ,families (      
,europe4  ,b ! orig9al inv5tion seems to
 be ,hi]oglyphical1 d]iv$ f !           
,egyptians1 & ( an high] signification4 
,by ! my/ical conjunction ( ,hawk &     
,lion1 imply+ ei!r ! ,g5ial or ! syd]e\s
 ,sun1 ! great cel]ity !re(1 & ! /r5g? &
 vig\r 9 its op]ations4 ,& !re=e "u su* 
,hi]oglyphicks ,osyris 0 describ$2 & 9  
anci5t ,co9s we meet ) ,gryph9s         
conjo9tly ) ,apollo's1 ,tripodes &      
,*>iot :eels2 & ! m>ble ,gryph9s at     
,sa9t ,pet]s 9 ,rome1 z le>n$ m5        
conjecture1 7 fir/ translat$ f ! ,temple
 ( ,apollo4 ,:e!r h]eby 7 n also        
my/ically impli$ ! activity ( ! ,sun 9  
,leo1 ! p[] ( ,god 9 ! ,sun1 or !       

influ5ce ( ! ,cle/ial ,osyris1 by ,mop?a
 ! ,g5ius ( ,nilus1 might also be       
consid]$4 ,& !n ! le>n$ ,kir*]us1 no man
 7 likely to be a bett] ,o$ipus4        
,,*apt] ,,xii                           
,( ! ,phnix4   ,t !re is b "o ,phnix 9 !
 ,_w1 :i* aft] _m hundr$ ye>s burne? x  
self1 & f ! a%es !re( arise? up ano!r1  
is a conceit n new or altoge!r popul>1 b
 ( great ,antiquity2 n only deliv]$ by  
humane ,au?ors1 b frequ5tly express$    
also by holy ,writ]s2 by ,cyril1        
,epiphanius1 & o!rs1 by ,ambrose 9 8    
,hexam]on1 & ,t]tullian 9 8 ,poem ,de   
,judicio ,dom9i2 b m agreeably unto !   
pres5t s5se1 9 8 excell5t ,tract1 ,de   
,resurrectione c>nis4 ,illum dico alitem
 ori5tis peculi>em1 de s+ul>itate       
famosum1 de po/]itate mon/ruosum2 qui   
semetipsum lib5t] fun]ans r5ovat1 natali
 f9e dec$5s1 atque succ$5s it]um ,phnix4
 ,ubi jam nemo1 it]um ipse2 quia non    
jam1 alius idem4 ,! ,scripture also     
seems to fav\r x1 p>ticul>ly t ( ,job   
#ba4 ,9 ! int]pretation ( ,b$a1 ,dicebam

 9 nidulo meo mori>1 et sicut ,phnix    
multiplicabo dies3 & ,psal4 #ca4    1   
vir ju/us ut ,phnix florebit1 z         
,t]tullian r5d]s x1 & s also exp\nds x 9
 8 ,book be=e all$g$4  ,sid5ote3 ,aga9/ 
! /ory ( ! ,phnix4  ,all :i* not)/&+1 we
 _c presume ! exi/5ce ( ?is ,animal2 nor
 d>e we affirm !re is any ,phnix 9      
,nature4 ,=1 fir/ !re wants h]e9 !      
def9itive confirmator & te/ ( ?+s       
unc]ta91 t is1 ! s5se ( man4 ,= ?\gh _m 
,writ]s h mu* enl>g$ h]eon1 yet is !re n
 any ocul> describ]1 or su* z presume?  
to confirm x ^u aspection4 ,& !re=e     
,h]odotus t l$ ! /ory unto ! ,greeks1   
pla9ly sai?1 he nev] atta9$ ! sight (   
any1 b only 9 ! picture4  ,aga91        
,primitive ,au?ors1 & f :om ! /ream (   
relations is d]ivative1 deliv] !mselves 
v dubi\sly2 & ei!r by a d\btful p>5!sis1
 or a timor\s conclusion ov]?r[ ! :ole  
relation4 ,?us ,h]odotus 9 8 ,eut]pe1   
deliv]+ ! /ory h]e(1 pres5tly int]pose?1
     2 t is1 :i* acc\nt seems to me     
improbable4 ,tacitus 9 8 annals af=de? a

 l>g] /ory1 h[ ! ,phnix 0 fir/ se5 at   
,heliopolis 9 ! reign ( ,seso/ris1 !n 9 
! reign ( ,amasis1 aft] 9 ! days (      
,ptolomy1 ! ?ird ( ! ,mac$onian race2 b 
at la/ ?us det]m9e?1 ,s$ ,antiquitas    
obscura1 et nonnulli falsum esse hunc   
,phnicem neque ,arabum  t]ris cr$id]e4  
,pl9y makes yet a fair] /ory1 t ! ,phnix
 flew into ,egypt 9 ! ,consul%ip (      
,qu9tus ,plancius1 t x 0 br\ght to ,rome
 9 ! ,c5sor%ip ( ,claudius1 9 ! eight   
hundr$ ye> ( ! ,city1 & te/ifi$ also 9  
_! records2 b aft] all conclude?1 ,s$ qu
 falsa nemo dubitabit1 ,z we read x 9 ! 
fair & anci5t impression ( ,brixia2 z   
,aldrov&us ha? quot$ x1 & z x is f\nd 9 
! manuscript ,copy1 z ,dale*ampius ha?  
also not$4  ,moreov]1 ,su* z h naturally
 disc\rs$ h]eon1 h s div]sly1 contr>ily1
 or contradictorily deliv]$ !mselves1 t 
no affirmative f !nce c reasonably be   
d$uc$4 ,= mo/ h positively d5i$ x1 & !y 
:i* affirm & believe x1 assign ?is "n   
unto _m1 & mi/ake two or ?ree 9 "o4 ,s  
ha? t bird be5 tak5 = ! ,phnix :i* live?

 9 ,arabia1 & builde? its ne/ )         
,c9namon2 by ,h]odotus call$            
,c9namulgus1 & by ,ari/otle1 ,c9namomus2
 & z a fabul\s conceit is c5sur$ by     
,scalig]4 ,"s h conceiv$ t bird to be ! 
,phnix1 :i* by a ,p]sian "n ) ! ,greeks 
is call$ ,rhyntace2 b h[ !y made ?is    
good we f9d occasion ( d\bt2 :ile/ we   
read 9 ! life ( ,artax]xes1 t ?is is a  
little bird br\ght (t5 to _! ,tables1 & 
:]e) ,p>ysatis cunn+ly poison$ ! ,que54 
,! ,manucodiata or ,bird ( ,p>adise1 ha?
 _h ! hon\r ( ?is "n1 & _! fea!rs br\ght
 f ! ,molucca's d pass = ^? ( ! ,phnix4 
,:i* ?\gh promot$ by r>ity ) u1 ! ,ea/]n
 ,travell]s w h>dly admit2 :o "k !y are 
common 9 ^? p>ts1 & ! ord9>y plume (    
,janiz>ies among ! ,turks4 ,& la/ly1 !  
,bird ,sem5da ha? f\nd ! same           
appellation1 = s ha? ,scalig] obs]v$ &  
refut$2 nor w ! solitude ( ! ,phnix all[
 ?is d5om9ation2 = _m !re are ( t       
species1 & ^: trifi/ul>y bill & crany we
 h beheld our selves4 ,nor are m5 only  
at v>iance 9 reg>d ( ! ,phnix x self1 b 

v disagree+ 9 ! accid5ts ascrib$ !reto3 
= "s affirm x live? ?ree hundr$1 "s     
five1 o!rs six1 "s a ?\s&1 o!rs no less 
!n fifte5 hundr$ ye>s2 "s say x live? 9 
?iopia1 o!rs 9 ,arabia1 "s 9 ,egypt1    
o!rs 9 ,india1 & "s 9 ,utopia2 = su* a  
"o mu/ t be :i* is describ$ by          
,lactantius2 t is1 :i* nei!r 0 s+$ 9 !  
combu/ion ( ,phaeton1 or ov]:elm$ by !  
innundation ( ,deucalion4  ,la/ly1 ,_m  
,au?ors :o h disc\rs$ h]e(1 h s deliv]$ 
!mselves1 & ) su* int5tions1 t we _c f  
!nce d$uce a confirmation4 ,= "s h      
writt5 ,poetically1 z ,ovid1 ,mantuan1  
,lactantius1 ,claudian1 & o!rs3 ,"s h   
writt5 my/ically1 z ,p>acelsus 9 8 ,book
 ,de ,azo?1 or ,de ligno et l9ea vit2 & 
z sev]al ,h]metical ,philosoph]s1       
involv+ !re9 ! secret ( _! ,elixir1 &   
enigmatically express+ ! nature ( _!    
great "w4 ,"s h writt5 ,rhetorically1 & 
concessively1 n controv]t+1 b assum+ !  
"q1 :i* tak5 z grant$1 advantag$ !      
illation4 ,s h holy m5 made use h]e( z  
f> z !reby to confirm ! ,resurrection2 =

 disc\rs+ ) ,hea!ns :o grant$ ! /ory ( !
 ,phnix1 !y induc$ ! ,resurrection f    
pr9ciples ( _! own1 & positions receiv$ 
among !mselves4 ,o!rs h spok5           
,emblematically & ,hi]oglyphically2 & s 
did ! ,egyptians1 unto :om ! ,phnix 0 ! 
,hi]oglyphick ( ! ,sun4 ,& ?is 0        
probably ! gr\nd ( ! :ole relation2     
succe$+ ,ages add+ fabul\s acc\nts1 :i* 
laid toge!r built up ?is s+ul>ity1 :i* e
 ,p5 proclaime?4  ,z = ! ,texts (       
,scripture1 :i* seem to confirm !       
conceit1 duly p]p5d$1 !y add n !reunto4 
,= :]eas 9 t ( ,job1 accord+ to !       
,septuag9t or ,greek ,translation we f9d
 ! ^w ,phnix1 yet c x h no animal       
signification2 = !re9 x is n express$ 1 
b o 1 ! trunk ( ! ,palm-tree1 :i* is    
also call$ ,phnix2 & !re=e ! con/ruction
 w be v h>d1 if n appli$ unto "s        
vegetable nature4 ,nor c we safely insi/
 ^u ! ,greek expression at all2 = ?\gh !
 ,vulg> translates x ,palma1 & "s reta9 
! ^w ,phnix1 o!rs d r5d] x by a ^w ( a  
diff]5t s5se2 = s ha? ,tremellius       

deliv]$ x3 ,dicebam quod apud nidum meum
 expirabo1 et sicut ar5a multiplicabo   
dies2 s ha? ! ,g5eva & ours translat$ x1
 ,i said ,i %all die 9 my ,ne/1 & %all  
multiply my days z ! s&4 ,z = t 9 !     
,book ( ,psalms1 ,vir ju/us ut ,phnix   
florebit1 z ,epiphanius & ,t]tullian    
r5d] x1 x 0 only a mi/ake ^u ! ,homonymy
 ( ! ,greek ^w ,pnix1 :i* signifies also
 a ,palm-tree4 ,,sn3 ,cons5t ( names4   
,:i* is a fallacy ( equivocation1 f a   
community 9 "n inf]r+ a common nature2 &
 :]eby we may z firmly conclude1 t      
,diaphnicon a purg+ ,electu>y ha? "s "p 
( ! ,phnix = its +r$i5t2 :i* receive? t 
"n f ,dates1 or ! fruit ( ! ,palm-tree1 
f :5ce1 z ,pl9y deliv]s1 ! ,phnix _h its
 "n4  ,nor d we only arraign ! exi/5ce (
 ?is ,animal1 b _m ?+s are que/ionable  
:i* are ascrib$ !reto1 especially its   
unity1 long life1 & g5]ation4 ,z = its  
unity or conceit !re %\ld be b "o 9     
nature1 x seeme? n only repugnant unto  
,philosophy1 b also holy ,scripture2 :i*
 pla9ly affirms1 !re w5t ( e sort two at

 lea/ into ! ,ark ( ,noah1 accord+ to ! 
,text1 ,,sn3 ,g54 #g4 ,e ,f[l aft] 8    
k9d1 e bird ( e sort1 !y w5t into !     
,ark1 two & two ( all fle%1 :]e9 !re is 
! brea? ( life1 & !y t w5t 91 w5t 9 bo? 
male & female ( all fle%4 ,x infr+e? !  
b5$iction ( ,god conc]n+ multiplication4
 ,god bless$ !m1 say+1 ,,sn3 ,g54 #a4   
,be fruitful & multiply1 & fill ! wat]s 
9 ! seas1 & let f[l multiply 9 ! e>?3 ,&
 aga91 ,,sn3 ,*ap4 #h4 ,br+ =? ) !e e   
liv+ ?+1 t !y may bre$ abundantly 9 !   
e>?1 & be fruitful & multiply ^u ! e>?3 
:i* t]ms are n appliable unto ! ,phnix1 
:]e( !re is b "o 9 ! _w1 & no m n[ liv+ 
!n at ! fir/ b5$iction4 ,= ! production 
( "o1 be+ ! de/ruction ( ano!r1 al?\gh  
!y produce & g5]ate1 !y encrease n2 &   
mu/ n be said to multiply1 :o d n       
transc5d an unity4  ,z = longvity1 t x  
live? a ?\s& ye>s or m2 beside t f      
imp]fect obs]vations & r>ity (          
appe>ance1 no confirmation c be made2   
!re may be probable a mi/ake 9 !        
compute4 ,= ! tradition be+ v anci5t &  

probably ,egyptian1 ! ,greeks :o disp]s$
 ! ,fable1 might summ up ! acc\nt by _! 
own num]ation ( ye>s2 :]eas ! conceit   
might h its orig9al 9 times ( %ort]     
compute4 ,= if we suppose our pres5t    
calculation1 ! ,phnix n[ 9 nature w be !
 six? f ! ,creation1 b 9 ! middle ( its 
ye>s2 & if ! ,rabb9s ,prophecie ,,sn3 ,t
 ! ,_w %\ld la/ b six ?\s& ye>s4 succe$1
 %all conclude its days n 9 8 own b !   
la/ & g5]al flames1 )\t all hope (      
,reviviction4  ,conc]n+ its g5]ation1 t 
)\t all conjunction x begets &          
resem9ates x self1 h]eby we introduce a 
vegetable production 9 ,animals1 & unto 
s5sible natures1 transf] ! propriety (  
,plants2 t is1 to multiply )9 !mselves1 
accord+ to ! ,law ( ! ,creation ,,sn3   
,g54 #a41 ,let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 ! h]b
 yield+ se$1 & ! tree yield+ fruit1 ^:  
se$ is 9 x self4 ,:i* is inde$ ! natural
 way ( ,plants1 :o hav+ no di/9ction (  
sex1 & ! p[] ( ! species conta9$ 9 e    
individuum1 beget & propagate !mselves  
)\t commixtion2 & !re=e _! fruits       

proce$+ f simpl] roots1 are n s unlike1 
or di/+ui%able f ea* o!r1 z are !       
(f-spr+s ( s5sible creatures &          
prolifications desc5d+ f d\ble orig9als4
 ,b ,animal g5]ation is accompli%$ by m1
 & ! concurr5ce ( two sexes is requir$  
to ! con/itution ( "o4 ,& !re=e su* z h 
no di/9ction ( sex1 eng5d] n at all1 z  
,ari/otle conceives ( ,eels1 & te/ace\s 
animals4 ,& ?\gh ,plant-animals d       
multiply1 !y d x n by copulation1 b 9 a 
way analog\s unto ,plants4 ,s           
,h]maphrodites al?\gh !y include ! p>ts 
( bo? sexes1 & may be suffici5tly pot5t 
9 ei!r2 yet unto a conception require a 
sep>at$ sex1 & _c impregnate !mselves4  
,& s also ?\gh ,adam includ$ all humane 
nature1 or 0 7z "s op9ion7 an           
,h]maphrodite1 yet _h he no p[] to      
propagate himself2 & !re=e ,god said1 ,x
 is n good t man %\ld be alone1 let u   
make him an help meet = him2 t is1 an   
help unto g5]ation2 = z = any o!r help1 
x _h be5 fitt] to h made ano!r man4  ,n[
 :]eas "s affirm t f "o ,phnix !re do? n

 imm$iately proce$ ano!r1 b ! fir/      
corrupte? into a worm1 :i* aft] become? 
a ,phnix1 x w n make probable ?is       
production4 ,,sn3 ,irregul>ities4 ,=    
h]eby !y conf\nd ! g5]ation ( p]fect    
animals ) imp]fect1 sangu9e\s )         
exangui\s1 v]mip>\s ) ovip>\s1 & erect  
,anomalies1 di/urb+ ! laws ( ,nature4   
,nor w ?is corruptive production be     
easily made out 9 mo/ imp]fect          
g5]ations2 = al?\gh we d5y n t _m       
animals are v]mip>\s1 begett+ !mselves  
at a di/ance1 & z x 7 at ! second h& 7z 
g5]ally ,insects1 & m rem>kably         
,butt]-flies & ,silkworms7 yet proce$s n
 ?is g5]ation f a corruption ( !mselves1
 b r a specifical & sem9al diffusion1   
reta9+ /ill ! ,idea ( !mselves1 ?\gh x  
act t "p a :ile 9 o!r %apes4 ,& ?is w   
also hold 9 g5]ations equivocal1 & su* z
 are n begott5 f ,p>5ts l !mselves2 s f 
,frogs corrupt+1 proce$ n ,frogs aga92 s
 if !re be anatif]\s ,trees1 ^:         
corruption breaks =? into ,b]nacles1 yet
 if !y corrupt1 !y deg5]ate into        

,maggots1 :i* produce n !m aga94 ,= ?is 
7 a confusion ( corruptive & sem9al     
production1 & a fru/ration ( t sem9al   
p[] committ$ to animals at ! ,creation4 
,! problem might h be5 sp>$1 ,:y we love
 n our lice z well z our *ildr58 ,noah's
 ,ark _h be5 ne$less1 ! graves (        
,animals w\ld be ! fruitful'/ wombs2 =  
dea? w\ld n de/roy1 b empeople ! _w     
aga94  ,s9ce !re=e we h s sl5d] gr\nds  
to confirm ! exi/5ce ( ! ,phnix1 s9ce   
!re is no ocul> witness ( x1 s9ce z we h
 decl>$1 by ,au?ors f :om ! /ory is     
d]iv$1 x r /&s reject$2 s9ce !y :o h    
s]i\sly disc\rs$ h]e(1 h deliv]$        
!mselves negatively1 div]sly1 or        
contr>ily2 s9ce _m o!rs _c be drawn into
 ,argum5t1 z writ+ ,poetically1         
,rhetorically1 ,enigmatically1          
,hi]oglyphically2 s9ce holy ,scripture  
all$g$ = x duly p]p5d$1 do? n advantage 
x2 & la/ly1 s9ce s /range a g5]ation1   
unity & long life1 ha? nei!r exp]i5ce   
nor reason to confirm x1 h[ f> to rely  
on ?is tradition1 we ref] unto          

consid]ation4  ,b surely !y 7 n         
well-wi%]s unto p>able ,physick ,,sn3 41
 or rem$ies easily acquir$1 :o d]iv$    
m$ic9es f ! ,phnix2 z "s h done1 & are  
ju/ly condemn$ by ,pl9y2 ,irrid]e e/ vit
 rem$ia po/ millesimum annum r$itura    
mon/r>e2 ,x is a folly to f9d out       
rem$ies t are n recov]able "u a ?\s&    
ye>s2 or propose ! prolong+ ( life by t 
:i* ! tw5tie? g5]ation may nev] behold4 
,m v5iable is a dep5dance ^u !          
,philosoph]s /one1 potable gold1 or any 
( ^? ,arcana's :]eby ,p>acelsus t di$   
himself at =ty-sev51 glori$ t he c\ld   
make o!r m5 immortal4 ,:i*1 al?\gh      
extreamly difficult1 & tantum non       
infesible1 yet are !y n impossible1 nor 
d !y 7rightly und]/ood7 impose any      
viol5ce on ,nature4 ,& !re=e if /rictly 
tak5 = ! ,phnix1 v /range is t :i* is   
deliv]$ by ,plut>* ,,sn3 ,de sanitate   
tu5da41 ,t ! bra9 !re( is a pleasant    
bit1 b t x cause? ! head-a*4 ,:i*       
not)/&+ ! luxuri\s ,emp]\r ,,sn3        
,heliogabalus4 c\ld nev] ta/e1 ?\gh he  

_h at 8 ,table _m a ,phnicopt]us1 yet _h
 he n "o ,phnix2 = ?\gh he expect$ &    
attempt$ x1 we read n 9 ,lampridius t he
 p]=m$ x2 & consid]+ ! unity !re(1 x 0 a
 va9 design1 t is1 to de/roy any        
species1 or mutilate ! great            
accompli%m5t ( six days4 ,& al?\gh "s   
conceive1 & x may seem true1 t !re is 9 
man a natural possibility to de/roy ! _w
 9 "o g5]ation1 t is1 by a g5]al        
conspire to "k no woman !mselves1 &     
disable all o!rs also3 yet w ?is nev] be
 effect$4 ,& !re=e ,ca9 aft] he _h kill$
 ,abel1 7 !re no o!r woman liv+1 c\ld n 
h also de/roy$ ,eve3 :i* al?\gh he _h a 
natural p[] to effect1 yet ! execution  
!re(1 ! provid5ce ( ,god w\ld h resi/$3 
= t w\ld h impos$ ano!r creation ^u him1
 & to h animat$ a second ,rib ( ,adam4  
,,*apt] ,,xiii                     ,(   
,frogs1 ,toads1 & ,toad-/one4   ,conc]n+
 ! v5om\s ,ur9e ( ,toads1 ( ! /one 9 !  
,toads head1 & ( ! g5]ation ( ,frogs1   
conceptions are ent]ta9$ :i* require    
consid]ation4 ,& fir/1 t a ,toad pisse?1

 & ?is way diffuse? its v5ome1 is       
g5]ally receiv$1 n only ) u1 b also 9   
o!r p>ts2 = s ha? ,scalig] obs]v$ 9 8   
,comm5t1 ,av]sum ur9am r$d]e ob oculos  
p]secutoris p]niciosam ruricolis        
p]suasum e/2 & ,ma?iolus ha? also a     
passage1 t a ,toad communicates its     
v5ome1 n only by ,ur9e1 b by ! humidity 
& slav] ( its m\?2 :i* not)/&+ /rictly  
und]/ood1 may admit ( exam9ation3 = "s  
d\bt may be made :e!r a ,toad prop]ly   
pisse?1 t is di/9ctly & sep>ately voide?
 ! s]\s excretion3 = ?\gh n only birds1 
b ovip>\s quadrup$s & ,s]p5ts h kidneys 
& uret]s1 & "s ,fi%es also bladd]s3 yet 
= ! moi/ & dry excretion !y seem at la/ 
to h b "o v5t & common place (          
exclusion3 & ) ! same propriety (       
language1 we may ascribe t action unto  
,cr[s & ,kites4 ,& ?is n onely 9 ,frogs 
& ,toads1 b may be enquir$ 9 ,tortoyses3
 t is1 :e!r t be /rictly true1 or to be 
tak5 = a di/9ct & sep>ate miction1 :5   
,ari/otle affirme?1 t no ovip>\s animal1
 t is1 :i* ei!r spawne? or laye? ,eggs1 

do? ,ur9e except ! ,tortois4  ,! gr\nd  
or occasion ( ?is expression might f    
h5ce arise1 t ,toads are sometimes      
obs]v$ to exclude or spit out a d>k &   
liquid matt] beh9d3 :i* we h obs]v$ to  
be true1 & a v5om\s condition !re may be
 p]haps !re91 b "s d\bt !re may be1 :e!r
 ?is is to be call$ _! ur9e3 n because x
 is emitt$ av]sly or backw>d1 by bo?    
sexes1 b because x is conf\nd$ ) !      
inte/9al excretions & ege/ions ( !      
belly3 & ?is way is ord9>ily obs]v$1    
al?\gh possible x is t ! liquid         
excretion may sometimes be exclud$ )\t !
 o!r4  ,z = ! /one commonly call$ a     
,toad-/one1 :i* is presum$ to be f\nd 9 
! head ( t animal1 we fir/ conceive x n 
a ?+ impossible3 nor is !re any         
sub/antial reason :y 9 a ,toad !re may n
 be f\nd su* h>d & lapide\s concretions4
 ,= ! l we daily obs]ve 9 ! heads (     
,fi%es1 z ,cods1 ,c>ps1 & ,pe>*es3 ! l  
also 9 ,snails1 a s(t & exosse\s animal1
 :]e( 9 ! nak$ & great] sort1 z ?\gh %e 
w\ld requite ! defect ( a %ell on _!    

back1 ,nature ne> ! head ha? plac$ a    
flat :ite /one1 or r te/ace\s           
concretion4 ,:i* ?\gh ,aldrov&us        
affirms1 t aft] dissection ( _m1 he f\nd
 b 9 "s few3 yet ( ! great gray ,snails1
 ,i h n met ) any t want$ x3 & ! same   
inde$ s palpable1 t )\t dissection x is 
discov]able by ! h&4  ,aga91 ?\gh x be n
 impossible1 yet x is surely v r>e3 z we
 are induc$ to believe f "s enquiry (   
our own1 f ! trial ( _m :o h be5        
deceiv$1 & ! fru/rat$ se>* ( ,porta1 :o 
^u ! explorem5t ( _m1 c\ld sc>ce f9d "o4
 ,nor is x only ( r>ity1 b may be d\bt$ 
:e!r x be ( exi/5cie1 or really any su* 
/one 9 ! head ( a ,toad at all4 ,=      
al?\gh ,lapid>ies & que/u>y enquir]s    
affirm x1 yet ! ,writ]s ( ,m9]als &     
natural speculators1 are ( ano!r belief3
 conceiv+ ! /ones :i* be> ?is "n1 to be 
a ,m9]al concretion2 n to be f\nd 9     
animals1 b 9 fields4 ,& !re=e ,btius    
ref]s x to ,a/]ia or "s k9d ( ,lapis    
/ell>is1 & pla9ly conclude?1 rep]iuntur 
9 agris1 quos tam5 alii 9 annosis ac qui

 diu 9 ,arund9etis int] rubos s5tesque  
delitu]unt bufonis capitibus g5]>i      
p]t9acit] affirmant4  ,la/ly1 ,if any   
su* ?+ !re be1 yet mu/ x n1 = ought ,i  
see1 be tak5 z we receive x1 = a loose &
 moveable /one1 b r a concretion or     
induration ( ! crany x self2 = be+ ( an 
e>?y temp]1 liv+ 9 ! e>?1 & z "s say    
fe$+ !reon1 su* indurations may         
sometimes happ54 ,?us :5 ,brassavolus   
aft] a long se>* _h discov]$ "o1 he     
affirms x 0 r ! =ehead bone petrifi$1 !n
 a /one )9 ! crany2 & ( ?is belief 0    
,gesn]4 ,:i* is also mu* confirm$ f :at 
is deliv]$ 9 ,aldrov&us1 ^u exp]im5t ( v
 _m ,toads1 ^: cranies or sculs 9 "t    
grew h>d1 & almo/ ( a /ony sub/ance4    
,all :i* consid]$1 we mu/ )             
circumspection receive ^? /ones :i*     
commonly be> ?is "n1 mu* less believe ! 
traditions1 t 9 envy to mank9d !y are   
ca/ out1 or swall[$ d[n by ! ,toad2 :i* 
_c consi/ ) ,anatomy1 & ) ! re/1 en=c$  
?is c5sure f ,btius1 ,ab eo tempore pro 
nugis habui quod de ,bufonio lapide1    

ejusque orig9e traditur4  ,:at !re=e be/
 reconcile? ^! divid$ det]m9ations1 may 
be a middle op9ion2 t ( ^! /ones "s may 
be m9]al1 & to be f\nd 9 ! e>?2 "s      
animal1 to be met ) 9 ,toads1 at lea/ by
 ! induration ( _! cranies4 ,! fir/ are 
_m & manifold1 to be f\nd 9 ,g]many &   
o!r p>ts2 ! la/ are few] 9 numb]1 & 9   
sub/ance n unlike ! /ones 9 ,crabs      
heads4 ,?is is agreeable unto !         
det]m9ation ( ,aldrov&us,,sn3 ,de       
,m9]al4 lib4 #d4 ,musi ,calceol>iani1   
,sect4 #c41 & is also ! judgm5t ( le>n$ 
,spigelius 9 8 ,epi/le unto ,pignorius4 
,b ^! ,toad/ones1 at lea/ v _m !re(1 :i*
 are e/eem$ among u1 are at la/ f\nd to 
be tak5 n out ( ,toads heads1 b out ( a 
,fi%es m\?1 be+ h&somely contriv$ out ( 
! tee? ( ! ,lupus ,m>9us1 a ,fi% (t5    
tak5 9 our ,nor!rn ,seas1 z 0 publickly 
decl>$ by an em95t & le>n$ ,physitian4  
,,sn3 ,sir ,george ,ent4 ,b because m5  
are unwill+ to conceive s l[ ( _!       
,toad/ones :i* !y s highly value1 !y may
 make "s trial !re( by a c&5torn$ hot   

,iron appli$ unto ! holl[ & unpoli%$ "p 
!re(1 :]eupon if !y be true /ones !y w n
 be apt to burn or af=d a burnt od\r1   
:i* !y may be apt to d1 if contriv$ out 
( animal p>ts or ! tee? ( fi%es4        
,conc]n+ ! g5]ation ( ,frogs1 we %all   
briefly deliv] t acc\nt :i* obs]vation  
ha? taught u4 ,by ,frogs ,i und]/& n su*
 z aris+ f putrefaction1 are br$ )\t    
copulation1 & because !y subsi/ n long1 
are call$ ,tempor>i2 nor d ,i mean !    
little ,frog ( an excell5t ,p>rat gre51 
t usually sits on ,trees & ,bu%es1 & is 
!re=e call$ ,ranunculus viridis1 or     
arboreus2 b h]eby ,i und]/& ! aquatile  
or ,wat]-,frog1 :]e( 9 dit*es & /&+     
pla%es we may behold _m millions e ,spr+
 9 ,engl&4 ,n[ ^! d n z ,pl9y conceive?1
 exclude black pieces ( fle%1 :i* aft]  
become ,frogs2 b !y let fall _! spawn 9 
! wat]1 ( excell5t use 9 ,physick1 &    
sc>ce unkn[n unto any4 ,9 ?is spawn ( a 
l5t\s & transp>5t body1 are to be       
disc]n$ _m specks1 or little            
conglobulations1 :i* 9 a small "t become

 ( deep black1 a sub/ance m compact$ &  
t]re/ri\s !n ! o!r2 = x rise? n 9       
di/illation1 & af=ds a p[d] :5 ! :ite & 
aque\s "p is exhal$4 ,n[ ( ?is black or 
dusky sub/ance is ! ,frog at la/ =m$2 z 
we h beheld1 includ+ ! spawn ) wat] 9 a 
glass1 & expos+ x unto ! ,sun4 ,= t     
black & r\nd sub/ance1 9 a few days     
began to dilate & gr[ long]1 aft] a :ile
 ! head1 ! eyes1 ! tail to be           
disc]nable1 & at la/ to become t :i* !  
,anci5ts call$ ,gyr9us1 we a ,porwigle  
or ,tadpole4 ,?is 9 "s weeks aft]       
becomes a p]fect ,frog1 ! legs gr[+ out 
be=e1 & ! tail we>+ away1 to supply !   
o!r beh9d2 z may be obs]v$ 9 "s :i* h   
newly =sak5 ! wat]2 = 9 su*1 "s "p ( !  
tail w be se51 b curtail$ & %ort1 n long
 & f9ny z be=e4 ,a "p provid$ !m a :ile 
to swim & move 9 ! wat]1 t is1 untill   
su* "t z ,nature exclud$ legs1 :]eby !y 
might be provid$ n only to swim 9 !     
wat]1 b move ^u ! l&1 accord+ to !      
amphibi\s ,,sn3 ,amphibi\s ,animals1 su*
 z live 9 bo? elem5ts ( l& & wat]4 &    

mixt int5tion ( ,nature1 t is1 to live 9
 bo?4 ,s t :oev] obs]ve? ! fir/         
progression ( ! se$ be=e motion1 or %all
 take notice ( ! /range indi/9ction (   
p>ts 9 ! ,tadpole1 ev5 :5 x move? ab\t1 
& h[ successively ! inw>d p>ts d seem to
 discov] !mselves1 until _! la/         
p]fection2 may easily disc]n ! high     
curiosity ( ,nature 9 ^! inf]i\r        
animals1 & :at a long l9e is run to make
 a ,frog4  ,& because _m affirm1 & "s   
deliv]1 t 9 reg>d x ha? lungs & brea!?1 
a ,frog may be easily dr[n$2 ?\gh !     
reason be probable1 ,i f9d n ! exp]im5t 
answ]able2 = fa/n+ "o ab\t a span "u    
wat]1 x liv$ almo/ six days4 ,nor is x  
only h>d to de/roy "o 9 wat]1 b         
difficult also at l&3 = x w live long   
aft] ! lungs & he>t be out2 h[ long x w 
live 9 ! se$1 or :e!r ! spawn ( ?is ye> 
be+ pres]v$1 w n arise into ,frogs 9 !  
next1 might also be enquir$3 & we are   
prep>$ to trie4                         
,,*apt] ,,xiv                           
,( ! ,salam&]4   ,t a ,salam&] is able  

to live 9 flames1 to endure & put out   
fire1 is an ass]tion1 n only ( great    
antiquity1 b confirm$ by frequ5t1 & n   
contemptible te/imony4 ,! ,egyptians h  
drawn x into _! ,hi]oglyphicks1         
,ari/otle seeme? to embrace x2 m pla9ly 
,nic&]1 ,s>5us ,sammonicus1 lian &      
,pl9y1 :o assigns ! cause ( ?is effect3 
,an ,animal 7sai? he7 s cold t x        
ext+ui%e? ! fire l ,ice4 ,all :i*       
not)/&+1 !re is on ! negative1 ,au?ority
 & ,exp]i5ce2 ,sextius a ,physitian1 z  
,pl9y deliv]e?1 d5i$ ?is effect2        
,dioscorides affirm$ x a po9t ( folly to
 believe x2 ,gal5 t x endure? ! fire a  
:ile1 b 9 cont9uance is consum$ !re94 ,=
 exp]im5tal conviction1 ,ma?iolus       
affirme?1 he saw a ,salam&] burnt 9 a v 
%ort "t2 & ( ! l ass]tion is ,amatus    
,lusitanus2 & mo/ pla9ly ,pi]ius1 ^:    
words 9 8 ,hi]oglyphicks are ^!3 ,:]eas 
x is commonly said t a ,salam&]         
ext+ui%e? fire1 we h f\nd by exp]i5ce1 t
 x is s f> f qu5*+ hot coals1 t x die?  
imm$iately !re94 ,z = ! contr>y ass]tion

 ( ,ari/otle1 x is b by he> say1 z      
common op9ion believe?1 ,hc enim 7ut    
aiunt7 ignem +r$i5s1 eum ext+uit2 &     
!re=e !re 0 no absurdity 9 ,gal51 :5 z a
 ,septical m$ic9e ,,sn3 ,a corruptive   
,m$ic9e de/roy+ ! p>ts l ,ars5ike4 he   
comm5d$ ! a%es ( a ,salam&]2 &          
,magicians 9 va9 f ! p[] ( ?is          
,tradition1 at ! burn+ ( ,t[ns or ,h\ses
 expect a relief f ,salam&]s4  ,! gr\nd 
( ?is op9ion1 might be "s s5sible       
resi/ance ( fire obs]v$ 9 ! ,salam&]3   
:i* be+1 z ,gal5 det]m9e?1 cold 9 !     
f\r?1 & moi/ 9 ! ?ird degree1 & hav+    
also a muc\s humidity above & "u ! sk91 
by v]tue !re( x may a :ile endure !     
flame3 :i* be+ consum$1 x c resi/ no m4 
,su* an humidity !re is obs]v$ 9        
,newtes1 or ,wat]-,liz>ds1 especially if
 _! sk9s be p]=at$ or prick$4 ,?us w    
,frogs & ,snails endure ! ,flame3 ?us w 
:ites ( ,eggs1 vitre\s or glassie flegm 
ext+ui% a coal3 ?us are ungu5ts made :i*
 protect a :ile f ! fire3 & ?us beside !
 ,hirp9i !re are lat] /ories ( m5 t h   

pass$ unt\*t ?r\gh ! fire4 ,& !re=e "s  
tru? we all[ 9 ! tradition3 tru? accord+
 unto ,gal51 t x may = a "t resi/ a     
flame1 or z ,scalig] av]s1 ext+ui% or   
put out a coal3 = ?us mu* w _m humid    
bodies p]=m3 b t x p]sev]es & lives 9 t 
de/ructive elem5t1 is a fallaci\s       
enl>gem5t4 ,nor d we reasonably         
conclude1 because = a "t x endure? fire1
 x subdue? & ext+ui%e? ! same1 because  
by a cold & alum9\s moi/ure1 x is able a
 :ile to resi/ x3 f a peculi>ity (      
,nature x subsi/e? & live? 9 x4  ,x ha? 
be5 mu* promot$ by ,/ories (            
incombu/ible napk9s & textures :i*      
endure ! fire1 ^: mat]ials are call$ by 
! "n ( ,salam&]s wool4 ,:i* _m too      
lit]ally appreh5d+1 conceive "s inve/+  
"p1 or tegum5t ( ! ,salam&]3 :]e9 beside
 t !y mi/ake ! condition ( ?is ,animal  
7:i* is a k9d ( ,liz>d1 a quadrup$      
corticat$ & depil\s1 t is1 )\t wool1    
fur1 or hair7 !y obs]ve n ! me?od &     
g5]al rule ( nature2 :]eby all          
,quadrup$s ovip>\s1 z ,liz>ds1 ,frogs1  

,tortois1 ,*amelions1 ,crocodiles1 are  
)\t hair1 & h no cov]+ "p or hairy      
inve/m5t at all4 ,& if !y conceive t f !
 sk9 ( ! ,salam&]1 ^! incremable pieces 
are compos$2 beside ! exp]im5ts made ^u 
! liv+1 t ( ,brassavolus w /ep 91 :o 9 !
 se>* ( ?is tru?1 did burn ! sk9 ( "o   
dead4  ,nor is ?is ,salam&]s wooll      
desum$ f any ,animal1 b a ,m9]al        
sub/ance ,metaphorically s call$ f ?is  
receiv$ op9ion4 ,= beside ,g]manicus 8  
he>t1 ,,sn3 ,suetonius4 & ,pyrrhus 8    
great ,toe1 ,,sn3 ,plut>*4 :i* w\ld n   
burn ) ! re/ ( _! bodies1 !re are 9 !   
numb] ( ,m9]als "s bodies incombu/ible2 
m rem>kably t :i* ! anci5ts nam$        
,asbe/on1 & ,pancirollus treats ( 9 !   
,*apt] ( ,l9um vivum4 ,:]e( by art 7    
weav$ ,napk9s1 ,%irts1 & ,coats1        
inconsumable by fire2 & :]e9 9 anci5t   
times to pres]ve _! a%es pure1 & )\t    
commixture1 !y burnt ! bodies ( ,k+s4 ,a
 ,napk9 h]e( ,pl9y reports t ,n]o _h1 & 
! l sai? ,paulus ,v5etus ! ,emp]\r (    
,t>t>y s5t unto ,pope ,alex&]2 & also   

affirms t 9 "s "p ( ,t>t>y !re 7 ,m9es (
 ,iron ^: filam5ts 7 weav$ into         
incombu/ible clo?4 ,:i* r>e             
,manufacture1 al?\gh deliv]$ = lo/ by   
,pancirollus1 yet ,salmu? 8 ,comm5tator 
affirme?1 t "o ,podocat]us a ,cyprian1  
_h %ew$ ! same at ,v5ice2 & 8 mat]ials 7
 f ,cyprus1 :]e inde$ ,dioscorides      
place? !m2 ! same is also ocul>ly       
confirm$ by ,vives ^u ,au/91 & ,maiolus 
9 8 ,colloquies4 ,& ?us 9 our days d m5 
practise to make long-la/+ ,sna/s =     
,lamps out ( ,alum5 plumosum2 & by !    
same we read 9 ,pausanius1 t !re always 
burnt a ,lamp be=e ! ,image ( ,m9]va4   
,,*apt] ,,xv                            
,( ! ,amphisbna4   ,t ! ,amphisbna1 t   
is1 a small] k9d ( ,s]p5t1 :i* move?    
=w>d & backw>d1 ha? two heads1 or "o at 
ei!r extream1 0 affirm$ fir/ by ,nic&]1 
& aft] by _m o!rs1 by ! ,au?or ( ! ,book
 ,de ,!riaca ad ,pisonem1 ascrib$ unto  
,gal52 m pla9ly ,pl9y1 ,gem9um habet    
caput1 tanquam p>um esset uno ore       
effundi v55um3 b lian mo/ confid5tly1 :o

 ref]r+ ! conceit ( ,*im]a & ,hydra unto
 ,fables1 ha? set d[n ?is z an und5iable
 tru?4  ,:]eunto :ile m5 ass5t1 & c     
believe a bicipit\s con=mation 9 any    
cont9u$ species1 !y admit a gem9ation ( 
pr9ciple p>ts1 n naturally discov]$ 9   
any ,animal4 ,true x is t o!r p>ts 9    
,animals are n equal2 = "s make _!      
progression ) _m legs1 ev5 to ! numb] ( 
an hundr$1 z ,juli1 ,scolop5dr2 or su* z
 are t]m$ ,c5tip$es3 "s fly ) two w+s1 z
 ,birds & _m ,insects1 "s ) f\r1 z all  
f>9ace\s or mealy-w+$ ,animals1 z       
,butt]flies1 & ,mo?s3 all vag9ip5n\s or 
%ea?-w+$ ,insects1 z ,beetles & ,dorrs4 
,"s h ?ree ,te/icles1 z ,ari/otle speaks
 ( ! ,buzz>d2 & "s h f\r /oma*s1 z horn$
 & rum9at+ ,animals2 b = ! pr9ciple     
p>ts1 ! ,liv]1 ,he>t1 & especially !    
bra9s2 regul>ly !y are b "o 9 any k9d or
 species :atsoev]4  ,& 7 !re any su*    
species or natural k9d ( animal1 x w\ld 
be h>d to make good ^? six positions (  
body1 :i* accord+ to ! ?ree dim5sions   
are ascrib$ unto e ,animal3 t is1 infra1

 supra1 ante1 retro1 dextrosum1         
s9i/rosum3 = if 7z x is det]m9$7 t be ! 
ant]ior & upp] "p1 :]e9 ! s5ses are     
plac$1 & t ! po/]ior & l[] "p :i* is    
opposite !reunto1 !re is no inf]i\r or  
=m] "p 9 ?is ,animal2 = ! s5ses be+     
plac$ at bo? extreams1 do? make bo? ends
 ant]ior1 :i* is impossible2 ! t]ms be+ 
,relative1 :i* mutually subsi/1 & are n 
)\t ea* o!r4 ,& !re=e ?is duplicity 0   
ill contriv$ to place "o head at bo?    
extreams1 & _h be5 m tol]able to h setl$
 ?ree or f\r at "o4 ,& !re=e also ,poets
 h be5 m reasonable !n ,philosoph]s1 &  
,g]yon or ,c]b]us less mon/r\s ?an      
,amphisbna4  ,aga91 if any su* ?+ !re 71
 x 7 n to be obtrud$ by ! "n (          
,amphisbna1 or z an ,animal ( "o        
d5om9ation2 = prop]ly t ,animal is n "o1
 b multiplici\s or _m1 :i* ha? a        
duplicity or gem9ation ( pr9cipal p>ts4 
,& ?is do? ,ari/otle def9e1 :5 he       
affirme? a mon/] is to be e/eem$ "o or  
_m1 accord+ to its pr9ciple1 :i* he     
conceiv$ ! he>t1 :5ce he d]iv$ ! orig9al

 ( ,n]ves1 & !reto ascrib$ _m acts :i*  
,physitians assign unto ! bra93 & !re=e 
if x _c be call$ "o1 :i* ha? a duplicity
 ( he>ts 9 8 s5se1 x _c receive t       
appellation ) a plurality ( heads 9     
ours4 ,& ?is ! practice ( ,*ri/ians ha? 
ackn[l$g$1 :o h baptiz$ ^! gem9\s bir?s1
 & d\ble connasc5cies ) sev]al names1 z 
conceiv+ 9 !m a di/9ction ( s\ls1 ^u !  
divid$ execution ( _! functions2 t is1  
:ile "o wept1 ! o!r laugh+2 :ile "o 0   
sil5t1 ! o!r speak+2 :ile "o awak$1 !   
o!r sleep+2 z is decl>$ by ?ree         
rem>kable examples 9 ,petr>*1 ,v9c5tius 
& ! ,scotti% ,hi/ory ( ,bu*anan4  ,x is 
n d5i$ !re h be5 bicipit\s ,s]p5ts ) !  
head at ea* extream1 = an example h]e(  
we f9d 9 ,ari/otle1 & ( ! l =m 9        
,aldrov&us we meet ) ! ,icon ( a        
,lizz>d2 & ( ?is k9d p]haps might t     
,amphisbna be1 ! picture :]e( ,cassianus
 ,puteus %ew$ unto ! le>n$ ,fab]4 ,:i*  
d\ble =mations d (t5 happ5 unto         
multip>\s g5]ations1 m especially t (   
,s]p5ts2 ^: productions be+ num]\s1 & _!

 ,eggs 9 *a9s or l9ks toge!r 7:i*       
sometime conjo9 & inoculate into ea*    
o!r7 !y may unite into v>i\s %apes &    
come out 9 mix$ =mations4 ,b ^! are     
mon/r\s productions1 beside ! int5tion (
 ,nature1 & ! /atutes ( g5]ation1 nei!r 
begott5 ( l p>5ts1 nor begett+ ! l aga91
 b irregul>ly produc$1 d /& z ,anomalies
 9 ! g5]al ,book ( ,nature4 ,:i* be+    
%ifts & =c$ pieces1 r !n g5u9e & prop]  
effects1 !y af=d u no illation2 nor is x
 reasonable to conclude1 f a mon/rosity 
unto a species1 or f accid5tal effects1 
unto ! regul> works ( ,nature4  ,la/ly1 
,! gr\nd ( ! conceit 0 ! figure ( ?is   
,animal1 & motion (t-times bo? ways2 =  
describ$ x is to be l a worm1 & s       
equally fram$ at bo? extreams1 t at an  
ord9>y di/ance x is no easie matt] to   
det]m9e :i* is ! head2 & !re=e "s obs]v+
 !m to move bo? ways1 h giv5 !          
appellation ( heads unto bo? extreams1  
:i* is no prop] & w>rantable d5om9ation2
 = _m ,animals ) "o head1 d ord9>ily    
p]=m bo? diff]5t & contr>y ,motions2    

,crabs move sidel+1 ,lob/]s w swim      
swiftly backw>d1 ,worms & ,lee*es w move
 bo? ways2 & s w mo/ ( ^? ,animals1 ^:  
bodies consi/ ( r\nd & annul>y fib]s1 & 
move by undulation2 t is1 l ! waves ( ! 
,sea1 ! "o protrud+ ! o!r1 by inv]sion  
:]e( !y make a backw>d ,motion4  ,^u !  
same gr\nd ha? aris5 ! same mi/ake      
conc]n+ ! ,scolop5dra or hundr$-foot$   
,insect1 z is deliv]$ by ,rhodig9us f ! 
,s*olia/ ( ,nic&]3 ,dicitur  ,nic&ro1 1 
id e/ dicephalus aut biceps fictum v]o1 
quoniam retrorsum 7ut scribit           
,ari/oteles71 arrepit1 obs]v$ by        
,aldrov&us1 b mo/ pla9ly by ,muffetus1  
:o ?us conclude? ^u ! ,text ( ,nic&]3   
,tam5 pace tanti au?oris dix]im1 unicum 
illi duntaxat caput licet p>i           
facilitate1 prorsum capite1 retrorsum   
duc5te cauda1 inc$at1 quod ,nic&ro      
aliisque imposuisse dubito3 t is1 "u    
fav\r ( s great an ,au?or1 ! ,scopol5dra
 ha? b "o head1 al?\gh ) equal facility 
x move? =w>d & backw>d1 :i* ,i suspect  
deceiv$ ,nic&]1 & o!rs4  ,& !re=e we mu/

 crave leave to d\bt ( ?is d\ble-head$  
,s]p5t until we h ! advantage to behold 
or h an it]at$ ocul> te/imony conc]n+   
su* z are sometimes m5tion$ by ,am]ican 
relators2 & also su* z ,cassianus       
,puteus %ew$ 9 a picture to ,johannes   
,fab]2 & t :i* is set d[n "u ! "n (     
,amphisbna ,europa 9 8 le>n$ disc\rse ^u
 ,h]n&ez 8 ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica4           
,,*apt] ,,xvi                           
,( ! ,vip]4   ,t ! "y ,vip]s =ce _! way 
?r\gh ! b[els ( _! ,dam1 or t ! female  
,vip] 9 ! act ( g5]ation bites (f ! head
 ( ! male1 9 rev5ge :]e( ! "y ones eat  
?r\gh ! womb & belly ( ! female1 is a v 
anci5t tradition4 ,9 ?is s5se ent]ta9$ 9
 ! ,hi]oglyphicks ( ! ,egyptians2       
affirm$ by ,h]odotus1 ,nic&]1 ,pl9y1    
,plut>*1 lian1 ,j]ome1 ,basil1 ,isidore1
 seems c\nt5anc$ by ,ari/otle1 & 8      
,s*ol> ,!ophra/us3 f h5ce is commonly   
assign$ ! reason :y ! ,romans puni%$    
,p>ricides by dr[n+ !m 9 a ,sack ) a    
,vip]4 ,& s p]haps ^u ! same op9ion ! m5
 ( ,melita :5 !y saw a ,vip] ^u ! h& (  

,paul1 said pres5tly )\t conceit ( any  
o!r s91 ,no d\bt ?is man is a murd]]1 :o
 ?\gh he h escap$ ! ,sea1 yet v5geance  
suff]e? him n to live3 t is1 he is n[   
paid 9 8 own way1 ! p>ricid\s ,animal & 
puni%m5t ( murd]]s is ^u him4 ,& ?\gh ! 
tradition 7 currant among ! ,greeks1 to 
confirm ! same ! ,lat9e "n is introduc$1
 ,vip]a quasi vi p>iat2 ,t passage also 
9 ! ,gospel1 ,o ye g5]ation ( ,vip]s6   
ha? f\nd expositions :i* c\nt5ance ?is  
conceit4 ,not)/&+ :i* au?orities1       
transcrib$ relations & conjectures1 ^u  
enquiry we f9d ! same repugnant unto    
exp]i5ce & reason4  ,& fir/1 x seems n  
only injuri\s unto ! provid5ce (        
,nature1 to orda9 a way ( production :i*
 %\ld de/roy ! produc]1 or contrive !   
cont9uation ( ! species by ! de/ruction 
( ! ,cont9uator2 b x ov]?r[s & fru/rates
 ! great ,b5$iction ( ,god1 ,,sn3 ,g54  
#a4 ,god bless$ !m1 say+1 ,be fruitful &
 multiply4 ,n[ if x be s orda9$ t "s mu/
 regul>ly p]i% by multiplication1 & ^!  
be ! fruits ( fructify+ 9 ! ,vip]2 x _c 

be said t ,god did bless1 b curse ?is   
,animal3 ,^u ?y belly %alt ?\ g1 & du/  
%alt ?\ eat all ?y life1 0 n s great a  
puni%m5t unto ! ,s]p5t aft] ! fall1 z   
encrease1 be fruitful & multiply1 0     
be=e4 ,?is 7 to conf\nd ! ,mal$ictions (
 ,god1 & translate ! curse ( ! ,woman ^u
 ! ,s]p5t3 t is1 9 dolore p>ies1 9 sorr[
 %alt ?\ br+ =?2 :i* be+ prop] unto !   
,woman1 is v]ifi$ be/ 9 ! ,vip]1 ^:     
deliv]y is n only accompani$ ) pa91 b   
also ) dea? x self4 ,& la/ly1 x ov]?r[s 
! c>eful c\rse1 & p>5tal provision (    
,nature1 :]eby ! "y ones newly exclud$  
are su/a9$ by ! ,dam1 & protect$ until  
!y gr[ up to a suffici5cy = !mselves4   
,all :i* is p]v]t$ 9 ?is eruptive       
g5]ation3 = ! ,dam be+ de/roy$1 !       
y\ngl+s are left to _! own protection3  
:i* is n conceivable !y c at all p]=m1 &
 :]e( !y af=d u a rem>kable cont9uance  
_m days aft] bir?4 ,= ! "y "o suppos$ to
 break ?r\gh ! belly ( ! ,dam1 w ^u any 
fright = protection run into x2 = !n !  
old "o receives !m 9 at h] m\?1 :i* way 

! fright be+ pa/1 !y w return aga91 :i* 
is a peculi> way ( refuge2 & al?\gh x   
seem /range1 is av[$ by frequ5t exp]i5ce
 & und5iable te/imony4  ,z = ! exp]im5t1
 al?\gh we h ?rice attempt$ x1 x ha? n  
well succe$$2 = ?\gh we f$ !m ) ,milk1  
,bran1 ,*eese1 etc41 ! females always   
di$ be=e ! "y ones 7 mature = ?is       
eruption2 b re/ suffici5tly confirm$ 9 !
 exp]im5ts ( wor?y enquir]s4 ,:]e9 to   
omit ! anci5t conviction ( ,apollonius1 
we %all set d[n "s few ( ,mod]n ,writ]s4
 ,,sn3 ,t ,vip]s exclude _! "y ones by  
an ord9>y passage1 z o!r vivip>\s       
creatures4 ,! fir/1 ( ,amatus ,lusitanus
 9 8 ,comm5t ^u ,dioscorides1 ,vidimus  
nos vip]as prgnantes inclusas pixidibus 
p>]e1 qu inde ex p>tu nec mortu1 nec    
visc]ibus p]=at mans]unt4 ,! second is t
 ( ,scalig]1 ,vip]as ab impati5tibus mor
 ftibus num]osissimis rumpi atque       
int]ire falsum esse scimus1 qui 9       
,v9c5tii ,cam]9i circulatoris lignea !ca
 vidimus1 enatas vip]ellas1 p>5te salva4
 ,! la/ & mo/ pla9 ( ,franciscus        

,bu/amant9us1 a ,spani% ,physitian (    
,alcala de ,h5>es1 ^: words 9 8 ?ird de 
,animantibus ,scriptur1 are ^!3 ,cum v]o
 p] me et p] alios hc ipsa disquisissem 
s]vata ,vip]9a prog5ie1 etc43 t is1 :5  
by my self & o!rs ,i _h enquir$ ! tru?  
h]e(1 includ+ ,vip]s 9 a glass1 & fe$+  
!m ) ,*eese & ,bran1 ,i und\bt$ly f\nd t
 ! ,vip] 0 n deliv]$ by ! te>+ ( h]     
b[els2 b ,i beheld ! "y ones exclud$ by 
! passage ( g5]ation1 ne> ! orifice ( ! 
seidge4 ,:]eto we might also add ! ocul>
 confirmation ( ,lacuna ^u ,dioscorides1
 ,f]d9&us ,imp]atus1 & t le>n$          
,physician ( ,naples1 ,aurelius         
,sev]9us4  ,n[ al?\gh ! ,tradition be   
untrue1 !re want$ n _m gr\nds :i* made x
 plausibly receiv$4 ,! fir/ 0 a         
fav\rable indulg5ce & special           
contrivance ( ,nature2 :i* 0 ! conceit (
 ,h]odotus1 :o ?us deliv]e? himself4    
,fe>ful ,animals1 & su* z s]ve = food1  
,nature ha? made m fruitful2 b ^u !     
(f5sive & noxi\s k9d1 %e ha? n conf]r$  
f]tility4 ,s ! ,h>e t become? a prey    

unto ,man1 unto ,bea/s1 & ,f[ls ( ! air1
 is fruitful ev5 to sup]ftation2 b !    
,lion1 a fi]ce & f]oci\s ,animal ha? "y 
ones b seldom1 & also b "o at a "t2     
,vip]s inde$ al?\gh de/ructive are      
fruitful2 b le/ _! numb] %\ld increase1 
,provid5ce ha? contriv$ ano!r way to    
abate x3 = 9 copulation ! female bites  
(f ! head ( ! male1 & ! "y ones de/roy !
 "m4 ,b ?is w n consi/ ) reason1 z we h 
decl>$ be=e4 ,& if we m ne>ly consid] ! 
condition ( ,vip]s & noxi\s ,animals we 
%all discov] an high] provision (       
,nature3 h[ al?\gh 9 _! paucity %e ha? n
 abridg$ _! malignity1 yet ha? %e       
notori\sly effect$ x by _! secession or 
latitancy4 ,= n only (f5sive insects1 z 
,hornets1 ,wasps1 & ! l2 b sangu9e\s    
corticat$ ,animals1 z ,s]p5ts1 ,toads & 
,lizz>ds1 d lie hid & betake !mselves to
 cov]ts 9 ! ,w9t]4 ,:]eby mo/ ,c\ntries 
enjoy+ ! immunity ( ,irel& & ,c&ie1 !re 
arise? a temporal security f _! v5oms2 &
 an int]mission ( _! mis*iefs1 m]cifully
 requit+ ! "t ( _! activities4  ,a      

second gr\nd ( ?is effect1 0 conceiv$ ! 
ju/ice ( ,nature1 :]eby %e comp5sates ! 
dea? ( ! fa!r by ! matricide or murd] ( 
! "m3 & ?is 0 ! expression ( ,nic&]4 ,b 
! cause h]e( is z improbable z ! effect2
 & 7 inde$ an improvid5t rev5ge 9 ! "y  
ones1 :]eby 9 consequ5ce1 & ^u defect ( 
provision !y mu/ de/roy !mselves4 ,&    
:]eas he expresse? ?is decollation ( !  
male by s full a t]m z 1 t is1 to cut or
 lop (f1 ! act is h>dly conceiveable2 = 
! ,vip] ha? b two consid]able tee?1 & ^?
 s dispos$1 s sl5d] & ne$le-po9t$1 t !y 
are apt] = puncture !n any act (        
incision4 ,& if any l action !re be1 x  
may be only "s fa/ ret5tion or sudd5    
compression 9 ! ,orgasmus or fury ( _!  
lu/2 accord+ z t expression ( ,horace is
 con/ru$ conc]n+ ,lydia & ,telephus4    
----,sive pu] fur5s1                    
,impressit memorem d5te labris notam4   
,o!rs ascribe ?is effect unto ! num]\s  
conception ( ! ,vip]2 & ?is 0 ! op9ion (
 ,!ophra/us4 ,:o ?\gh he d5ie? ! exesion
 or =c+ ?r\gh ! belly1 conceive?        

nev]!less t ^u a full & pl5tiful        
impletion !re may p]haps succe$ a       
disruption ( ! matrix1 z x happ5e?      
sometimes 9 ! long & sl5d] fi% ,acus4   
,,sn3 ,ne$le-fi%1 f\nd sometimes ^u !   
,sea-%ore1 consi/+ ( f\r l9es unto !    
v5t1 & six f !nce unto ! head4 ,n[      
al?\gh 9 hot ,c\ntries1 & v num]\s      
conceptions1 9 ! ,vip] or o!r ,animals1 
!re may sometimes ensue a dilac]ation ( 
! g5ital p>ts2 yet is ?is a r>e &       
cont+5t effect1 & n a natural & con/ant 
way ( exclusion4 ,= ! wise ,creator ha? 
=m$ ! organs ( ,animals unto _!         
op]ations1 & 9 :om he orda9e? a num]\s  
conception1 9 !m he ha? prep>$ conv5i5t 
receptacles1 & a sutable way (          
exclusion4  ,o!rs d gr\nd ?is disruption
 ^u _! cont9u$ or protract$ "t (        
deliv]y1 presum$ to la/ tw5ty days2     
:]eat exclud+ b "o a day1 ! latt] brood 
impati5t1 by a =cible proruption        
anticipate _! p]iod ( exclusion2 & ?is 0
 ! ass]tion ( ,pl9y1 ,ct]i t>ditatis    
impati5tes prorumpunt lat]a1 occis      

p>5te2 :i* 0 occasion$ ^u a mi/ake ( !  
,greek ,text 9 ,ari/otle1       1     1 
:i* are lit]ally ?us translat$1 ,p>it   
autem una die secundum unum1 p>it autem 
plures quam vig9ti1 & may be ?us        
,engli%$1 ,%e br+e? =? 9 "o day1 "o by  
"o1 & sometimes m ?an tw5ty3 & s ha?    
,scalig] r5d]$ x1 ,sigillatim p>it      
absolvit1 una die1 int]dum plures quam  
vig9ti3 ,b ,pl9y1 :om ,gaza foll[e?1 ha?
 diff]5tly translat$ x1 ,s+ulos diebus  
s+ulis p>it1 num]o f] vig9ti2 :]eby he  
ext5ds ! exclusion unto tw5ty days1 :i* 
9 ! textu>y s5se is fully accompli%$ 9  
"o4  ,b :at ha? mo/ advanc$ x1 is a     
mi/ake 9 ano!r text ( ,ari/otle1 :i*    
seeme? directly to det]m9e ?is          
disruption1     1   1       1 :i* ,gaza 
ha? ?us translat$1 ,purit catulos       
abvolutos membranis qu t]tio die        
rumpuntur1 ev5it int]dum ut qui 9 ut]o  
adhuc sunt abrosis membranis prorumpant4
 ,n[ h]e9 probably ,pl9y1 & _m s9ce h   
be5 mi/ak52 = ! disruption ( ! membranes
 or sk9s1 :i* include ! "y ones1        

conceiv+ a dilac]ation ( ! matrix &     
belly ( ! ,vip]3 & conclud+ f a casual  
dilac]ation1 a regul> & con/ant         
disruption4  ,z = ! ,lat9e ^w ,vip]a1   
:i* 9 ! ,etymologie ( ,isidore promote? 
?is conceit2 m prop]ly x may imply      
vivip]a4 ,= :]eas o!r ,s]p5ts lay ,eggs1
 ! ,vip] exclude? liv+ ,animals2 & ?\gh 
! ,c]a/es be also vivip>\s1 & we h f\nd 
=m$ ,snakes 9 ! belly ( ! ,cicilia or   
,sl[-worm2 yet may ! ,vip] emphatically 
be> ! "n4 ,= ! notation or ,etymology is
 n ( necessity adequate unto ! "n2 &    
!re=e ?\gh animal be d$uc$ f anima1 yet 
are !re _m animations beside1 & ,plants 
w *all5ge a "r !re9 z well z s5sible    
,creatures4  ,z t\*+ ! ,text (          
,scripture1 & compellation ( !          
,ph>isees1 by ,g5]ation ( ,vip]s1 al?\gh
 con/ructions be made h]e( con=mable to 
?is ,tradition2 & x may be plausibly    
exp\nd$1 t out ( a vip]\s condition1 !y 
conspir$ aga9/ _! ,prophets1 & de/roy$  
_! spiritual p>5ts2 yet 7z ,jans5ius    
obs]ve?7 ,gregory & ,j]ome1 d make ano!r

 con/ruction2 appreh5d+ !reby :at is    
usually impli$ by t ,prov]b1 ,mali      
corvi1 malum ovum2 t is1 ( evil p>5ts1  
an evil g5]ation1 a po/]ity n unlike _! 
majority2 ( mis*iev\s prog5itors1 a     
v5om\s & de/ructive prog5y4  ,& la/ly1  
,conc]n+ ! ,hi]oglyphical acc\nt1       
accord+ to ! ,vulg> conception set d[n  
by ,orus ,apollo1 ! ,au?ority !re( is   
only ,emblematical2 = 7 ! conception    
true or false1 to _! appreh5sions1 x    
express$ filial impiety4 ,:i* /rictly   
tak51 & totally receiv$ = tru?1 might   
p]haps beg91 b surely promote ?is       
conception4  ,m d\btful ass]tions h be5 
rais$ ( no ,animal !n ! ,vip]1 z we h   
disp]s$ly not$3 & ,francisco ,r$i ha?   
amply discov]$ 9 8 noble obs]vations (  
,vip]s2 f good reasons & it]at$         
exp]im5ts affirm+1 t a ,vip] conta9e? no
 hum\r1 excrem5t1 or "p :i* ei!r dranke 
or eat1 is able to kill any3 t !        
remorsores or dog-tee?1 are n m ?an two 
9 ei!r sex3 t ^! tee? are holl[1 & ?\gh 
!y bite & prick !re)1 yet are !y n      

v5om\s1 b only op5 a way & entrance unto
 ! poyson1 :i* not)/&+ is n poyson\s    
except x t\* or atta9 unto ! bl\d4 ,& t 
!re is no o!r poison 9 ?is ,animal1 b   
only t almo/ insipid liquor l oyl (     
,almonds1 :i* /agnates 9 ! %ea?s & cases
 t cov] ! tee?2 & t ?is proce$s n f !   
bladd] ( gall1 b is r g5]at$ 9 ! head1 &
 p]haps demitt$ & s5t f !nce into ^!    
cases by salival conducts & passages1   
:i* ! head communicate? unto !m4        
,,*apt] ,,xvii                          
,( ,h>es4   ,! d\ble sex ( s+le ,h>es1  
or t e ,h>e is bo? male & female1 beside
 ! vulg> op9ion1 0 ! affirmative (      
,ar*elaus1 ( ,plut>*1 ,philo/ratus1 & _m
 m4 ,( ! same belief h be5 ! ,jewi%     
,rabb9s2 ,! same is likewise confirm$ f 
! ,hebrew ^w2 ,,sn3 ,arnabe?4 :i*1 z    
?\gh !re 7 no s+le males ( t k9d1 ha?   
only obta9$ a "n ( ! fem99e g5d]4 ,z    
also f ! symbolical f\ndation ( its     
prohibition 9 ! law1 ,,sn3 ,levit4 #aa4 
& :at vices !re9 are figur$2 t is1 n    
only pusillanimity & timidity f its     

temp]1 f5]ation or usury f its fcundity 
& sup]fetation2 b f ?is mixture ( sexes1
 unnatural v5]y & deg5]\s effem9ation4  
,nor are !re h>dly any :o ei!r treat (  
mutation or mixtion ( sexes1 :o h n left
 "s m5tion ( ?is po9t2 "s speak+        
positively1 o!rs dubi\sly1 & mo/ resign+
 x unto ! enquiry ( ! ,read]4 ,n[ h]e(  
to speak di/9ctly1 !y mu/ be male &     
female by mutation & succession ( sexes2
 or else by composition1 mixture or     
union !re(4  ,sid5ote3 ,transmutation ( 
,sexes1 viz4 ( ,wom5 into ,m51 grant$4  
,z = ! mutation ( sexes1 or transition  
into "o ano!r1 we _c d5y x 9 ,h>es1 x   
be+ obs]vable 9 ,man4 ,= h]e( beside    
,emp$ocles or ,tiresias1 !re are n a few
 examples3 & ?\gh v few1 or r none :i* h
 emasculat$ or turn$ wom51 yet v _m :o f
 an e/eem or reality ( be+ ,wom5 h      
infallibly prov$ ,m54 ,"s at ! fir/ po9t
 ( _! m5/ru\s eruptions1 "s 9 ! day ( _!
 m>riage1 o!rs _m ye>s aft]3 :i*        
occasion$ disputes at ,law1 &           
conte/ations conc]n+ a re/ore ( ! d[ry4 

,& t n only mank9d1 b _m o!r ,animals   
may suff] ?is transexion1 we w n d5y1 or
 hold x at all impossible3 al?\gh ,i    
confess by reason ( ! po/ick & backw>d  
position ( ! fem99e p>ts 9 quadrup$es1  
!y c h>dly admit ! sub/itution ( a      
protrusion1 effectual unto mascul9e     
g5]ation2 except x be 9 ,retrom+5ts1 &  
su* z c\ple backw>d4  ,nor %all we only 
conc$e ! succession ( sexes 9 "s1 b %all
 n dispute ! transition ( reput$ species
 9 o!rs2 t is1 a transmutation1 or 7z   
,p>acelsians t]m x7 ,transplantation (  
"o into ano!r4 ,h]e( 9 p]fect ,animals (
 a cong5]\s se$1 or ne> aff9ity (       
natures1 examples are n unfrequ5t1 z 9  
,horses1 ,asses1 ,dogs1 ,foxes1         
,pheasants1 ,cocks1 etc4 b 9 imp]fect   
k9ds1 & su* :]e ! discrim9ation ( sexes 
is obscure1 ^! trans=mations are m      
common2 & 9 "s )9 !mselves )\t          
commixtion1 z p>ticul>ly 9 ,cat]pill>s  
or ,silkworms1 :]e9 !re is a visible &  
triple transfiguration4 ,b 9 ,plants1   
:]e9 !re is no di/9ction ( sex1 ^!      

transplantations are conceiv$ m obvi\s  
!n any2 z t ( ,b>ley into ,oats1 ( ,:eat
 into ,d>nel2 & ^? gra9s :i* g5]ally    
arise among ,corn1 z ,cockle1 ,aracus1  
gilops1 & o!r deg5]ations2 :i* come up 9
 unexpect$ %apes1 :5 !y want ! support &
 ma9t5ance ( ! prim>y & ma/]-=ms4 ,& !  
same d "s affirm conc]n+ o!r ,plants 9  
less analogy ( figures2 z ! mutation (  
,m9t into ,cresses1 ,basil into         
,s]poile1 & ,turneps into ,radi%es4 ,9  
all :i*1 z ,sev]9us conceive?1 ,,sn3 ,9 
,idea ,m$ic9 ,philosophic4 !re may be   
equivocal se$s & ,h]maphroditical       
pr9ciples1 :i* conta9 ! radicality & p[]
 ( diff]5t =ms2 ?us 9 ! se$ ( ,:eat !re 
lie? obscurely ! sem9ality ( ,d>nel1    
al?\gh 9 a second>y or inf]i\r way1 & at
 "s di/ance ( production2 :i* nev]!less 
if x meet ) conv5i5t promotion1 or a    
conflux & conspiration ( causes m p[]ful
 !n ! o!r1 x !n beg9ne? to edifie 9     
*ief1 & contemn+ ! sup]9t5d5t =m1       
produce? ! signatures ( its self4  ,n[  
!re=e al?\gh we d5y n ^! sev]al         

mutations1 & d all[ t ,h>es may ex*ange 
_! sex1 yet ?is we conceive do? come to 
pass b sometimes1 & n 9 t vicissitude or
 annual alt]ation z is presum$4 ,t is1 f
 imp]fection to p]fection1 f p]fection  
to imp]fection2 f female unto male1 f   
male to female aga91 & s 9 a circle to  
bo? )\t a p]mansion 9 ei!r4 ,= beside ! 
inconceivable mutation ( temp]1 :i* %\ld
 ye>ly alt]nate ! sex1 ?is is injuri\s  
unto ! ord] ( nature1 ^: op]ations d re/
 9 ! p]fection ( _! int5ts2 :i* hav+    
once atta9$1 !y ma9ta9 _! accompli%$    
ends1 & relapse n aga9 into _!          
progressional imp]fections4 ,s if 9 !   
m9ority ( natural vigor1 ! p>ts (       
sem9ality take place2 :5 ^u ! encrease  
or gr[? !re( ! mascul9e appe>1 ! fir/   
design ( nature is at*iev$1 & ^? p>ts   
are aft] ma9ta9$4  ,b surely x mu*      
impea*e? ?is it]at$ transexion ( ,h>es1 
if t be true :i* ,c>dan & o!r           
,physicians affirm1 t ,transmutation (  
sex is only s 9 op9ion2 & t ^!          
transfem9at$ p]sons 7 really m5 at fir/2

 al?\gh succe$+ ye>s produc$ ! manife/o 
or evid5ce ( _! virilities4 ,:i* al?\gh 
int5d$ & =m$1 0 n at fir/ exclud$3 & t !
 examples h]e( h und]gone no real or new
 transexion1 b 7 ,&rogynally born1 & "u 
"s k9d ( ,h]maphrodites4 ,= ?\gh ,gal5 d
 fav\r ! op9ion1 t ! di/9ctive p>ts (   
sexes are only diff]5t 9 ,position1 t   
is1 inv]sion or protrusion2 yet w ?is   
h>dly be made out f ! ,anatomy ( ^?     
p>ts4 ,! te/icles be+ s seat$ 9 !       
female1 t !y admit n ( protrusion2 & !  
neck ( ! matrix want+ ^? p>ts :i* are   
discov]able 9 ! organ ( virility4  ,!   
second & mo/ receiv$ acception1 is1 t   
,h>es are male & female by conjunction (
 bo? sexes2 & su* z are f\nd 9 mank9d1  
,poetically call$ ,h]maphrodites2       
suppos$ to be =m$ f ! equality1 or non  
victorie ( ei!r se$2 c>ry+ ab\t !m !    
p>ts ( ,man & ,woman2 al?\gh ) great    
v>iety 9 p]fection1 site & ability2 n   
only z ,ari/otle conceiv$1 ) a con/ant  
impot5cy 9 "o2 b z lat] obs]v]s affirm1 
sometimes ) ability ( ei!r v5]y4 ,&     

!re=e ! provid5ce ( "s ,laws h ?\ght    
good1 t at ! ye>s ( maturity !y %\ld    
elect "o sex1 & ! errors 9 ! o!r %\ld   
suff] a sev]] puni%m5t4 ,:]eby endeav\r+
 to prev5t incont95cy1 !y unaw>es       
enjoyn$ p]petual *a/ity2 = be+ executive
 9 bo? p>ts1 & conf9$ unto "o1 !y       
re/ra9$ a natural p[]1 & orda9$ a p>tial
 virg9ity4 ,plato & "s ( ! ,rabb9s      
proce$$ high]2 :o conceiv$ ! fir/ ,man  
an ,h]maphrodite2 & ,m>cus ,leo ! le>n$ 
,jew1 9 "s s5se ha? all[$ x2 affirm+ t  
,adam 9 "o suppositum )\t division1     
conta9$ bo? ,male & ,female4 ,& !re=e   
:]eas x is said 9 ! text1 ,t ,god creat$
 man 9 8 own ,image1 9 ! ,image ( ,god  
creat$ he him1 male & female creat$ he  
!m3 apply+ ! s+ul> & plural unto ,adam1 
x might d5ote1 t 9 "o sub/ance1 & 9     
himself he includ$ bo? sexes1 :i* 0 aft]
 divid$1 & ! female call$ ,woman4 ,!    
op9ion ( ,ari/otle ext5de? f>!r1 f ^:   
ass]tion all m5 %\ld be ,h]maphrodites2 
= affirm+ t ,wom5 d n sp]matize1 & conf]
 a place or receptacle r !n ess5tial    

pr9ciples ( g5]ation1 he d$uctively     
includes bo? sexes 9 mank9d2 = f ! fa!r 
proce$ n only males & females1 b f him  
also mu/ ,h]maphroditical &             
masculo-fem99e g5]ations be d]iv$1 & a  
commixtion ( bo? sexes arise f ! se$ (  
"o4 ,b ! ,s*oolm5 h dealt ) t sex m     
h>dly !n any o!r2 :o ?\gh !y h n mu*    
disput$ _! g5]ation1 yet h !y controv]t$
 _! ,resurrection1 & rais5 a qu]ie1 :e!r
 any at ! la/ day %\ld arise 9 ! sex (  
,wom52 z may be obs]v$ 9 ! supplem5t (  
,aqu9as4  ,n[ z we mu/ ackn[l$ge ?is    
,&rogynal condition 9 ,man ,,sn3        
,consi/+ ( man & woman41 s c we n d5y ! 
l do? happ5 9 bea/s4 ,?us d we read 9   
,pl9y1 t ,n]oes ,*>iot 0 drawn by f\r   
,h]maphroditical ,m>es1 & ,c>dan affirms
 he also beheld "o at ,antw]p4 ,& ?us   
may we also conc$e1 t ,h>es h be5 ( bo? 
sexes1 & "s h ocul>ly confirm$ x2 b t ! 
:ole species or k9d %\ld be bisex\s or  
d\ble-sex$1 we _c affirm1 :o h f\nd !   
p>ts ( male & female respectively di/9ct
 & s+le 9 any :]e9 we h enquir$3 ,& ! l 

success _h ,bac*9us,,sn3 ,bac*4 ,de     
,h]maphroditis4 9 su* z he dissect$4 ,& 
:]eas x is conceiv$1 t be+ an h>mless   
,animal & delectable food unto man1     
nature ha? made !m ) d\ble sexes1 t     
actively & passively p]=m+ !y might m   
num]\sly increase2 we =get an high]     
provid5ce ( nature :]eby %e especially  
promotes ! multiplication ( ,h>es1 :i*  
is by sup]fetation2 t is1 a conception  
^u a conception1 or an improvem5t ( a   
second fruit be=e ! fir/ be exclud$2    
prev5t+ h]eby ! usual int]mission &     
vacant "t ( g5]ation2 :i* is v common & 
frequ5tly obs]vable 9 ,h>es1 m5tion$    
long ago by ,ari/otle1 ,h]odotus1 &     
,pl9y2 & we h (t5 obs]v$1 t aft] ! fir/ 
ca/1 !re rema9 successive conceptions1 &
 o!r y\ngl+s v immature1 & f> f _! t]m (
 exclusion4  ,sid5ote3 ,sup]fetation    
possible 9 wom51 & t unto a p]fect bir?4
  ,nor ne$ any man to "q ?is 9 ,h>es1 = 
! same we obs]ve do? sometime happ5 9   
,wom52 = al?\gh x be true1 t ^u         
conception ! inw>d orifice ( ! matrix   

exactly close?1 s t x commonly admitte? 
no?+ aft]2 yet falle? x out sometime1 t 
9 ! act ( coition1 ! avidity ( t "p     
dilate? x self1 & receive? a second     
burd52 :i* if x happ5 to be ne> 9 "t    
unto ! fir/1 !y d commonly bo? proce$   
unto p]fection1 & h legitimate          
exclusions1 p]iodically succe$+ ea* o!r4
 ,b if ! sup]fetation be made )         
consid]able int]mission1 ! latt] mo/    
commonly proves abortive2 = ! fir/ be+  
confirm$1 engrosse? ! alim5t f ! o!r4   
,h[ev] !re=e ! project ( ,julia seem v  
plausible1 & t way infallible1 :5 %e    
receiv$ n h] pass5g]s1 be=e %e _h tak5 9
 h] lad+1 yet 0 !re a fallibility !re93 
nor inde$ any absolute security 9 !     
policy ( adult]y aft] conception4 ,= !  
,matrix 7:i* "s h call$ ano!r ,animal )9
 u1 & :i* is n subject$ unto ! law ( our
 w7 aft] reception ( its prop] ,t5ant1  
may yet receive a /range & spuri\s      
inmate4 ,z is confirmable by _m examples
 9 ,pl9y2 by ,l>issa 9 ,hippocrates & t 
m]ry "o 9 ,plautus urg$ also by         

,ari/otle3 t is1 ( ,iphicles & ,h]cules1
 ! "o begat by ,jupit]1 ! o!r by        
,amphitryon ^u ,alemna z also 9 ^?      
sup]-conceptions1 :]e "o *ild 0 l !     
fa!r1 ! o!r l ! adult]]1 ! "o fav\r$ !  
s]vant1 ! o!r resembl$ ! ma/]4  ,n[ !   
gr\nds t begat1 or mu* promot$ ! op9ion 
( a d\ble sex 9 ,h>es1 might be "s      
little bags or tum\rs1 at fir/ glance   
repres5t+ /ones or ,te/icles1 to be f\nd
 9 bo? sexes ab\t ! p>ts ( g5]ation2 :i*
 m5 obs]v+ 9 ei!r sex1 7 induc$ to      
believe a mascul9e sex 9 bo?4 ,b to     
speak prop]ly1 ^! are no ,te/icles or   
p>ts (ficial unto g5]ation1 b gl&ul\s   
sub/ances t seem to hold ! nature (     
,emunctories4 ,= h]e9 may be p]ceiv$    
sl5d] p]=ations1 at :i* may be express$ 
a black & fcul5t matt]4 ,if !re=e f ^!  
we %all conceive a mixtion ( sexes 9    
,h>es1 ) fair] reason we may conclude x 
9 ,bev]s2 :]e( bo? sexes conta9 a d\ble 
bag or ,tum\r 9 ! gro91 commonly call$ !
 ,cod ( ,ca/or1 z we h deliv]$ be=e4    
,ano!r gr\nd 7 c]ta9 holes or cavities  

obs]vable ab\t ! si$ge2 :i* be+ p]ceiv$ 
9 ,males1 made "s conceive !re might be 
also a fm99e nature 9 !m4 ,& ^u ?is v   
gr\nd1 ! same op9ion ha? pass$ ^u !     
,hyna1 & is decl>$ by ,ari/otle1 & ?us  
translat$ by ,scalig]2 ,quod autem aiunt
 utriusque sexus hab]e g5italia1 falsum 
e/1 quod videtur esse fm9eum sub cauda  
e/ simile figura fm99o1 v]um p]vium non 
e/2 & ?us is x also 9 ,h>es1 9 :om ^!   
holes1 al?\gh !y seem to make a deep    
cavity1 yet d !y n p]=ate ! sk91 nor    
hold a community ) any "p ( g5]ation3 b 
7 7z ,pl9y deliv]e?7 e/eem$ ! m>ks ( _! 
age1 ! numb] ( ^? decid+ _! numb] (     
ye>s4 ,9 :i* op9ion :at tru? !re is we  
%all n cont5d2 = if 9 o!r ,animals !re  
be au!ntick notations1 if ! *>act]s (   
ye>s be f\nd 9 ! horns ( ,c[s1 or 9 !   
,antl]s ( ,de]2 if we conjecture ! age (
 ,horses f jo9ts 9 _! docks1 & und5iably
 presume x f _! tee?2 we _c affirm1 !re 
is 9 ?is conceit1 any affront unto      
nature2 al?\gh :o ev] enquire? %all f9d 
no assurance !re94  ,! la/ f\ndation 0  

,retrom+5cy or piss+ backw>d2 = m5      
obs]v+ bo? sexes to ur9e backw>d1 or    
av]sly betwe5 _! legs1 !y might conceive
 !re 0 a fm99e "p 9 bo?2 :]e9 !y are    
deceiv$ by ! ignorance ( ! j & prop]    
site ( ! ,pizzel1 or "p design$ unto !  
,excretion ( ur9e2 :i* 9 ! ,h>e holds n 
! common position1 b is av]sly seat$1 & 
9 its di/5tion encl9es unto ! ,coccix or
 ,scut4 ,n[ f ! nature ( ?is position1  
!re ensue? a necessity (                
,retrocopulation1 :i* also promote? !   
conceit3 = "s obs]v+ !m to c\ple )\t    
asc5sion1 h n be5 able to judge ( male  
or female1 or to det]m9e ! prop] sex 9  
ei!r4 ,& to speak g5]ally1 ?is way (    
copulation is n appropriate unto ,h>es1 
nor is !re "o1 b _m ways ( coition3     
accord+ to div]s %apes & diff]5t        
con=mations4 ,= "s c\ple lat]ally or    
sidewise1 z ,worms3 "s circul>ly or by  
complication1 z ,s]p5ts3 "s pronely1 t  
is1 by contaction ( ! v5tral p>ts 9 bo?1
 z ,apes1 ,porcup9es1 ,h$gehogs1 & su* z
 are t]m$ ,mollia1 z ! ,cuttle-fi% & !  

,purple2 "s mixtly1 t is1 ! male asc5d+ 
! female1 or by application ( ! v5tral  
p>ts ( ! "o1 unto ! po/ick p>ts ( ! o!r1
 z mo/ ,quadrup$s3 ,"s av]sly1 z all    
,cru/ace\s ,animals1 ,lob/]s1 ,%rimps1 &
 ,crevises1 & also ,retrom+5ts1 z       
,pan!rs1 ,tyg]s1 & ,h>es4 ,?is is !     
con/ant ,law ( _! ,coition1 ?is !y      
obs]ve & transgress n3 onely ! vitiosity
 ( man ha? act$ ! v>ieties h]e(2 nor    
cont5t ) a digression f sex or species1 
ha? 9 8 own k9d run ?or[ ! ,anomalies ( 
v5]y2 & be5 s bold1 n only to act1 b    
repres5t to view1 ! irregul> ways (     
,lu/4                                   
,,*apt] ,,xviii                         
,( ,moles1 or ,molls4   ,t ,moles are   
bl9d & h no eyes1 ?\gh a common op9ion1 
is receiv$ ) mu* v>iety2 "s affirm+ only
 !y h no sight1 z ,oppianus1 ! ,prov]b  
,talpa ,ccior1 & ! ^w 1 or ,talpitas1   
:i* 9 ,hesy*ius is made ! same )        
,ccitas3 "s t !y h eyes1 b no sight1 z !
 text ( ,ari/otle seems to imply2 "s    
nei!r eyes nor sight1 z ,alb]tus1 ,pl9y1

 & ! vulg> op9ion2 "s bo? eyes & sight1 
z ,scalig]1 ,aldrov&us1 & "s o!rs4 ,(   
:i* op9ions ! la/ ) "s re/riction1 is   
mo/ consonant unto tru?3 = t !y h eyes 9
 _! head is manife/ unto any1 t wants !m
 n 9 8 own3 & are discov]able1 n only 9 
old ones1 b z we h obs]v$ 9 "y & nak$   
conceptions1 tak5 out ( ! belly ( !     
,dam4 ,& he t exactly enquires into !   
cavity ( _! cranies1 may p]haps discov] 
"s propagation ( n]ves communicat$ unto 
^! p>ts4 ,b t ! hum\rs toge!r ) _! coats
 are also di/9ct 7?\gh ,gal5 seem to    
affirm x7 transc5de? our discov]y2 =    
sep>at+ ^! little ,orbs1 & includ+ !m 9 
magnify+ ,glasses1 we disc]n$ no m !n   
,ari/otle m5tions1   1 t is1 a black    
hum\r1 nor any m if !y be brok54 ,t     
!re=e !y h eyes we mu/ ( necessity      
affirm2 b t !y be comp>atively          
incomplete we ne$ n to d5y3 ,s ,gal5    
affirms ! p>ts ( g5]ation 9 wom5 are    
imp]fect1 9 respect ( ^? ( m51 z ! eyes 
( ,moles 9 reg>d ( o!r ,animals2 ,s     
,ari/otle t]ms !m 1 :i* ,gaza translates

 ,oblsos1 & ,scalig] by a ^w (          
imp]fection in*oatos4  ,n[ z t !y h eyes
 is manife/ unto s5se1 s t !y h sight n 
incongru\s unto reason2 if we call n 9  
"q ! provid5ce ( ?is provision1 t is1 to
 assign ! ,organs1 & yet d5y ! ,(fice1  
to grant !m eyes & )hold all mann] (    
vision4 ,= z ! inf]5ce is fair1         
affirmatively d$uc$ f ! action to !     
,organ1 t !y h eyes because !y see2 s is
 x also f ! organ to ! action1 t !y h   
eyes1 !re=e "s sight design$1 if we take
 ! int5tion ( ,nature 9 e species1 &    
except ! casual imp$im5ts1 or           
morbosities 9 individuals4 ,b z _! eyes 
are m imp]fect !n o!rs1 s d we conceive 
( _! sight or act ( vision1 = !y w run  
aga9/ ?+s1 & hudl+ =w>ds fall f high    
places4 ,s t !y are n bl9d1 nor yet     
di/9ctly see2 !re is 9 !m no ,cecity1   
yet m !n a ,cecuti5cy2 !y h sight en\gh 
to disc]n ! light1 ?\gh n p]haps to     
di/+ui% ( objects or col\rs2 s are !y n 
exactly bl9d1 = light is "o object (    
vision4 ,& ?is 7z ,scalig] obs]ve?7     

might be z full a sight z ,nature fir/  
int5d$1 = liv+ 9 d>kness "u ! e>?1 !y _h
 no fur!r ne$ ( eyes !n to avoid !      
light2 & to be s5sible :5 ev] !y lo/ t  
d>kness ( e>?1 :i* 0 _! natural         
conf9em5t4 ,& !re=e h[ev] ,translators d
 r5d] ! ^w ( ,ari/otle or ,gal51 t is1  
imp]fectos oblsos or in*oatos1 x is n   
mu* consid]able2 = _! eyes are          
suffici5tly begun to f9i% ?is action1 & 
compet5tly p]fect = ?is imp]fect        
,vision4  ,& la/ly1 al?\gh !y _h nei!r  
eyes nor sight1 yet c\ld !y n be t]m$   
bl9d4 ,= bl9dness be+ a privative t]m   
unto sight1 ?is appellation is n        
admittible 9 propriety ( spee*1 & w     
ov]?r[ ! doctr9e ( privations2 :i*      
presuppose positive =ms or habits1 & are
 n indef9ite negations1 d5y+ 9 all      
subjects1 b su* alone :]e9 ! positive   
habits are 9 _! prop] ,nature1 & plac$  
)\t repugnancy4 ,s d we improp]ly say a 
,mole is bl9d1 if we d5y x ! ,organs or 
a capacity ( vision f its creat$        
,nature2 s :5 ! text ( ,john _h said1 t 

p]son 0 bl9d f 8 nativity1 ^: cecity our
 ,savi\r cur$1 x 0 n w>rantable 9       
,nonnus to say he _h no eyes at all1 z 9
 ! judgm5t ( ,he9sius1 he describe? 9 8 
p>aphrase2 & z "s anci5t ,fa!rs affirm1 
t by ?is miracle !y 7 creat$ 9 him4 ,& s
 ?\gh ! s5se may be accept$1 t ,prov]b  
mu/ be c&idly int]pret$1 :i* make? fi%es
 ,mute2 & calls !m sil5t :i* h no voice 
9 ,nature4  ,n[ ?is conceit is erect$ ^u
 a misappreh5sion or mi/ake 9 ! symtomes
 ( vision2 m5 conf\nd+ aboli%m5t1       
dim9ution & depravem5t1 & nam+ t an     
abolition ( sight1 :i* inde$ is b an    
abatem5t4 ,= if vision be aboli%$1 x is 
call$ ccitas1 or bl9dness2 if deprav$ & 
receive its objects errone\sly1         
,halluc9ation2 if dim9i%$1 hebetudo     
visus1 caligatio1 or dimness4 ,n[ in/ead
 ( a dim9ution or imp]fect vision 9 !   
,mole1 we affirm an abolition or total  
privation2 in/ead ( a caligation or     
dimness1 we conclude a cecity or        
bl9dness4 ,:i* ha? be5 frequ5tly inf]r$ 
conc]n+ o!r ,animals2 s "s affirm !     

,wat]-,rat is bl9d1 s ,sammonicus &     
,nic&] d call ! ,mus-,araneus ! %rew or 
,ranny1 bl9d3 ,& because d>kness 0 be=e 
light1 ! gyptians wor%ipp$ ! same4 ,s   
are ,ccili or ,sl[-worms acc\nt$ bl9d1 &
 ! l we affirm prov]bially ( ! ,beetle2 
al?\gh _! eyes be evid5t1 & !y w flye   
aga9/ lights1 l _m o!r ,insects1 & ?\gh 
also ,ari/otle det]m9es1 t ! eyes are   
app>5t 9 all fly+ ,insects1 ?\gh o!r    
s5ses be obscure1 & n p]ceptible at all4
 ,& if f a dim9ution we may inf] a total
 privation1 or affirm t o!r ,animals are
 bl9d :i* d n acutely see1 or           
comp>atively unto o!rs1 we %all condemn 
unto bl9dness _m n s e/eem$2 = su* z h  
corne\s or horney eyes1 z ,lob/]s &     
cru/ace\s ,animals1 are g5]ally         
dim-sight$2 all ,insects t h ant5n1 or  
long horns to feel out _! way1 z        
,butt]flyes & ,locu/s2 or _! =elegs s   
dispos$1 t !y mu* advance be=e _! heads1
 z may be obs]v$ 9 ,spid]s2 & if !      
,eagle 7 judge1 we might be bl9d our    
selves4 ,! expression !re=e ( ,scripture

 9 ! /ory ( ,jacob is surely )          
circumspection3 ,& x came to pass :5    
,jacob 0 old1 & 8 eyes 7 dim1 qu&o      
calig>unt oculi1 sai? ,j]ome &          
,tremellius1 :i* are expressions (      
dim9ution1 & n ( absolute privation4    
,o!r conc]ns !re are ( ,molls1 :i* ?\gh 
n commonly op9ion$ are n commonly en\gh 
consid]$3 ,z ! peculi> =mation ( _!     
feet1 ! sl5d] ossa ,iugalia1 & ,dogtee?1
 & h[ h>d x is to keep !m alive out ( ! 
,e>?3 ,z also ! f]ity & voracity ( ^!   
animals2 = ?\gh !y be cont5t$ ) ,roots1 
& /r+y p>ts ( ,plants1 or ,wormes "u    
gr\nd1 yet :5 !y are above x w sometimes
 te> & eat "o ano!r1 & 9 a l>ge glass   
:]e9 a ,moll1 a ,toad1 & a ,vip] 7      
inclos$1 we h kn[n ! ,moll to dispat* !m
 & to dev\r a good "p ( !m bo?4         
,,*apt] ,,xix                           
,( ,lampries4   ,:e!r ,lampries h n9e   
eyes1 z is receiv$1 we dur/ ref] x unto 
,polyphemus1 :o _h b "o1 to judge x4 ,an
 error conc]n+ eyes1 occasion$ by !     
error ( eyes2 d$uc$ f ! appe>ance (     

div]se cavities or holes on ei!r side1  
:i* "s call eyes t c>elessly behold !m2 
& is n only refutable by exp]i5ce1 b    
also repugnant unto ,reason4 ,= beside !
 mon/rosity !y fa/5 unto ,nature1 9     
contriv+ _m eyes1 :o ha? made b two unto
 any ,animal1 t is1 "o ( ea* side1      
accord+ to ! division ( ! bra92 x 7 a   
sup]flu\s in>tificial act to place &    
settle s _m 9 "o plane2 = ! two extreams
 w\ld suffici5tly p]=m ! (fice ( sight  
)\t ! help ( ! int]m$iate eyes1 & behold
 z mu* z all sev5 joyn$ toge!r4 ,= !    
visible base ( ! object w\ld be def9$ by
 ^! two2 & ! middle eyes1 al?\gh !y     
behold ! same ?+1 yet c\ld !y n behold s
 mu* !re( z ^!2 s 7 x no advantage unto 
man to h a ?ird eye betwe5 ^? two he ha?
 already2 & ! fiction ( ,argus seems m  
reasonable !n ?is2 = ?\gh he _h _m eyes1
 yet 7 !y plac$ 9 circumf]5ce &         
positions ( advantage1 & s are !y plac$ 
9 sev]al l9es 9 ,spid]s4  ,aga91 ,^!    
cavities :i* m5 call eyes are seat$ out 
( ! head1 & :]e ! ,gils ( o!r fi% are   

plac$2 conta9+ no ,organs ( sight1 nor  
hav+ any ,communication ) ! bra94 ,,sn3 
,all s5se is f ! bra94 ,n[ all s5se     
proce$+ f ! bra91 & t be+ plac$ 7z ,gal5
 obs]ve?7 9 ! upp] "p ( ! body1 = !     
fitt] situation ( ! eyes1 & conv5i5cy   
requir$ unto sight2 x is n reasonable to
 imag9e t !y are any :]e else1 or des]ve
 t "n :i* are seat$ 9 o!r p>ts4 ,& !re=e
 we rel9qui% z fabul\s :at is deliv]$ ( 
,/]nop?almi1 or m5 ) eyes 9 _! brea/1 & 
:5 x is said by ,solomon1 ,a wise mans  
eyes are 9 8 head1 x is to be tak5 9 a  
second s5se1 & af=de? no objection4     
,true x is t ! eyes ( ,animals are seat$
 ) "s diff]5ce1 b 9 sangu9e\s animals 9 
! head1 & t m =w>d !n ! e> or hole (    
he>+4 ,9 quadrup$es1 9 reg>d ( ! figure 
( _! heads1 !y are plac$ at "s di/ance2 
9 latiro/r\s & flat-bill'd birds !y are 
m lat]ally seat$1 & !re=e :5 !y look    
int5tly !y turn "o eye ^u ! object1 & c 
conv]t _! heads to see be=e & beh9d1 &  
to behold two opposite po9ts at once4 ,b
 at a m easie di/ance are !y situat$ 9  

man1 & 9 ! same circumf]5ce ) ! e>2 = if
 "o foot ( ! compass be plac$ ^u !      
,cr[n1 a circle describ$ !reby w        
int]sect1 or pass ov] bo? ! e>s4        
,sid5ote3 ,to :at use ! n9e eyes 9 a    
,lamprie d s]ve4  ,! error 9 ?is conceit
 consi/s 9 ! ignorance ( ^! cavities1 & 
_! prop] use 9 nature2 = ?is is a       
p>ticul> disposure ( p>ts1 & a peculi>  
con=mation :]eby ^! holes & sluces      
supply ! defect ( ,gils1 & are assi/$ by
 ! conduit 9 ! head2 = l cetace\s       
,animals & ,:ales1 ! ,lamprie ha? a     
fi/ula1 sp\t or pipe at ! back "p ( !   
head1 :]eat x spurts out wat]4 ,nor is x
 only s+ul> 9 ?is =mation1 b also 9 _m  
o!r2 z 9 defect ( bones1 :]e( x ha? n   
"o2 & = ! sp9e or backbone1 a c>tilag9\s
 sub/ance )\t any spondyles1 processes  
or protub]ance :atsoev]4 ,z also 9 !    
provision :i* ,nature ha? made = ! he>t2
 :i* 9 ?is ,animal is v /rangely secur$1
 & lies immur$ 9 a c>tilage or gri/ly   
sub/ance4 ,& la/ly1 9 ! col\r ( ! liv]3 
:i* is 9 ! ,male ( an excell5t          

grass-gre53 b ( a deep] col\r 9 !       
,female1 & w communicate a fre% &       
durable v]dure4                         
,,*apt] ,,xx                            
,( ,snayls4   ,:e!r ,snayls h eyes "s   
,le>n$ m5 h d\bt$4 ,= ,scalig] t]ms !m b
 imitations ( eyes2 & ,ari/otle ^u      
consequ5ce d5ye? !m1 :5 he affirms t    
,te/ace\s ,animals h no eyes4 ,b ?is n[ 
seems suffici5tly ass]t$ by ! help (    
exquisite ,glasses1 :i* discov] ^? black
 & atram5t\s spots or globales to be _! 
eyes4  ,t !y h two eyes is ! common     
op9ion1 b if !y h two eyes1 we may grant
 !m to h no less ?an f\r1 t is1 two 9 ! 
l>g] ext5sions above1 & two 9 ! %ort] & 
less] horns bel[1 & ?is numb] may be    
all[$ 9 ^! inf]i\r & exangui\s animals2 
s9ce we may obs]ve ! articulate &       
lattic$ eyes 9 ,flies1 & n9e 9 "s       
,spid]s3 ,& 9 ! great ,phalangium ,spid]
 ( ,am]ica1 we pla9ly numb] eight4  ,b 9
 sangu9e\s animals1 quadrup$s1 bip$s1 or
 man1 no su* numb] c be regul>ly v]ifi$1
 or multiplicity ( eyes confirm$4 ,&    

!re=e :at ha? be5 "u ?is k9d deliv]$1   
conc]n+ ! plurality1 paucity or anomal\s
 situation ( eyes1 is ei!r mon/r\s1     
fabul\s1 or "u ?+s nev] se5 includes    
good s5se or mean+4 ,& s may we receive 
! figm5t ( ,argus1 :o 0 an ,hi]oglyphick
 ( heav51 9 ^? c5turies ( eyes express+ 
! />s2 & _! alt]nate wak+s1 !           
vicissitude ( day & night4 ,:i* /rictly 
tak5 _c be admitt$2 = ! subject ( sleep 
is n ! eye1 b ! common s5se1 :i* once   
asleep1 all eyes mu/ be at re/4 ,& !re=e
 :at is deliv]$ z an ,embleme (         
vigilancy1 t ! ,h>e & ,lion d sleep ) "o
 eye op51 do? n ev9ce !y are any m awake
 !n if !y 7 bo? clos$4 ,= ! op5 eye     
beholds 9 sleep no m !n t :i* is clos$2 
& no m "o eye 9 !m !n two 9 o!r ,animals
 t sleep ) bo? op52 z "s by disease1 &  
o!rs naturally :i* h no eye-lids at all4
  ,sid5ote3 ,h[ ?+s happ5 to be se5 z   
d\ble4  ,z = ,polyphemus1 al?\gh ! /ory 
be fabul\s1 ! mon/rosity is n           
impossible4 ,= ! act ( ,vision may be   
p]=m$ ) "o eye2 & 9 ! deception &       

fallacy ( sight1 ha? ?is advantage (    
two1 t x beholds n objects d\ble1 or    
sees two ?+s = "o4 ,= ?is do? happ5 :5 !
 axis ( ! visive cones1 diffus$ f !     
object1 fall n ^u ! same plane2 b t :i* 
is convey$ into "o eye1 is m depress$ or
 elevat$ !n t :i* ent]s ! o!r4 ,s if    
behold+ a ,c&le1 we protrude ei!r upw>d 
or d[nw>d ! pupill ( "o eye1 ! object w 
appe> d\ble2 b if we %ut ! o!r eye1 &   
behold x ) "o1 x w _! appe> b s+le2 & if
 we abduce ! eye unto ei!r corn]1 !     
object w n duplicate3 = 9 t position !  
axis ( ! cones rema9 9 ! same plane1 z  
is demon/rat$ 9 ! opticks1 & deliv]$ by 
,gal51 9 8 t5? ,de usu p>tium4          
,relations also !re are ( m5 t c\ld make
 !mselves invisible1 :i* belongs n to   
?is disc\rse3 b may s]ve z notable      
expressions ( wise & prud5t m51 :o s    
contrive _! affairs1 t al?\gh _! actions
 be manife/1 _! designs are n           
discov]able4 ,9 ?is acception !re is    
no?+ left ( d\bt1 & ,giges ,r+ rema9e?  
/ill among/ u3 = vulg> eyes behold no m 

( wise m5 !n do? ! ,sun3 !y may discov] 
_! ext]i\r & outw>d ways1 b _! int]i\r &
 inw>d pieces he only sees1 t sees into 
_! be+s4                                
,,*apt] ,,xxi                           
,( ! ,*ameleon4   ,conc]n+ ! ,*ameleon  
!re g5]ally passe? an op9ion t x live?  
only ^u air1 & is su/a9$ by no o!r      
alim5t3 ,?us mu* is 9 pla9 t]ms affirm$ 
by ,sol9us1 ,pl9y1 & o!rs1 & by ?is     
p]iphrasis is ! same describ$ by ,ovid4 
,all :i* not)/&+1 ^u enquiry ,i f9d !   
ass]tion ma9ly controv]tible1 & v mu* to
 fail 9 ! ?ree inducem5ts ( belief4  ,& 
fir/ = its v]ity1 al?\gh ass]t$ by "s1 &
 traditionally deliv]$ by o!rs1 yet is x
 v que/ionable4 ,= beside lian1 :o is   
seldom defective 9 ^! acc\nts2 ,ari/otle
 di/9ctly treat+ h]e(1 ha? made no      
m5tion ( ?is rem>kable propriety3 :i*   
ei!r suspect+ its v]ity1 or presum+ its 
falsity1 he surely omitt$3 = t he rema9$
 ignorant ( ?is acc\nt x is n easily    
conceiveable3 x be+ ! common op9ion1 &  
g5]ally receiv$ by all m54 ,"s h        

positively d5i$ x1 z ,augu/9us1 ,niphus1
 ,/obu1 ,dale*ampius1 ,=tunius ,licetus1
 ) _m m2 o!rs h exp]im5tally refut$ x1 z
 namely ,johannes ,l&ius1 :o 9 !        
relation ( ,scalig]1 obs]v$ a ,*ameleon 
to lick up a fly f 8 brea/3 ,b          
,bellonius ,,sn3 ,comm5t4 9 ,ocell4     
,lucan4 ha? be5 m satisfactorily        
exp]im5tal1 n only affirm+ !y fe$ on    
,flies1 ,cat]pill>s1 ,beetles & o!r     
,insects1 b ^u ex5t]ation he f\nd ^!    
,animals 9 _! bellies3 :]eto we might   
also add ! exp]im5tal decisions ( !     
wor?y ,peires*ius & le>n$ ,emanuel      
,vizzanius1 9 t ,*ameleon :i* _h be5 (t5
 obs]v$ to dr9k wat]1 & delight to fe$  
on ,meal-worms4 ,& al?\gh we h n _h !   
advantage ( our own obs]vation1 yet h we
 receiv$ ! l confirmation f _m ocul>    
spectators4  ,z t\*+ ! v]isimility or   
probable tru? ( ?is relation1 sev]al    
reasons !re are :i* seem to ov]?r[ x4 ,=
 fir/1 !re are f\nd 9 ?is ,animal1 !    
guts1 ! /omack1 & o!r p>ts (ficial unto 
nutrition2 :i* 7 its alim5t ! empty     

reception ( air1 _! provisions _h be5   
sup]flu\s4 ,n[ ! wisdom ( nature abhorr+
 sup]fluities1 & effect+ no?+ 9 va91    
unto ! int5tion ( ^! op]ations1         
respectively contrive? ! ,organs2 &     
!re=e :]e we f9d su* ,in/rum5ts1 we may 
) /rictness expect _! actions2 & :]e we 
discov] !m n1 we may ) safety conclude !
 non-int5tion ( _! op]ations4 ,s :5 we  
p]ceive t ,bats h teats1 x is n         
unreasonable to inf] !y suckle _!       
y\ngl+s ) milk2 b :]eas no o!r fly+     
,animal ha? ^! p>ts1 we _c f !m expect a
 vivip>\s exclusion2 b ei!r a g5]ation (
 eggs1 or "s v]mip>\s sep>ation1 ^:     
navel is )9 x self at fir/1 & its       
nutrition aft] n connex$ly dep5d+ ( its 
orig9al4  ,aga91 ,nature is s f> f leav+
 any "o "p )\t its prop] action1 t %e   
(t-times impose? two or ?ree lab\rs ^u  
"o1 s ! ,pizel 9 ,animals is bo? (ficial
 unto ,ur9e & to g5]ation1 b ! fir/ &   
prim>y use is g5]ation2 = "s creatures  
enjoy t "p :i* ur9e n4 ,s ! no/rils are 
useful bo? = respiration & smell+1 b !  

pr9cipal use is smell+2 = _m h no/rils  
:i* h no lungs1 z fi%es1 b none h lungs 
or respiration1 :i* h n "s %ew1 or "s   
analogy ( no/rils4 ,,sn3 ,nature        
provides no "p )\t its prop] function or
 (fice4 ,?us we p]ceive ! provid5ce (   
,nature1 t is1 ! wisdom ( ,god1 :i*     
dispose? ( no "p 9 va91 & "s p>ts unto  
two or ?ree uses1 w n provide any )\t ! 
execution ( its prop] (fice1 nor :]e !re
 is no dige/ion to be made1 make any    
p>ts ins]vi5t to t int5tion4  ,beside ! 
rem>kable tee?1 ! tongue ( ?is animal is
 a second argum5t to ov]?r[ ?is airy    
nutrication3 & t n only 9 its prop]     
nature1 b also its peculi> figure4 ,= ( 
?is "p prop]ly tak5 !re are two ends2 t 
is1 ! =mation ( ! voice1 & ! execution (
 ta/2 = ! voice1 x c h no (fice 9       
,*ameleons1 = !y are mute ,animals2 z   
beside fi%es1 are mo/ o!r sorts (       
,liz>ds4 ,z = _! ta/1 if _! nutrim5t be 
air1 nei!r c x be an ,in/rum5t !re(2 = !
 body ( t elem5t is +u/ible1 void ( all 
sapidity1 & )\t any action ( ! tongue1  

is by ! r\gh art]y or wezon conduct$    
into ! lungs4 ,& !re=e ,pl9y mu* =gets !
 /rictness ( 8 ass]tion1 :5 he all[e?   
excrem5ts unto t ,animal1 t fe$e? only  
^u ,air2 :i* not)/&+ ) ! ur9e ( an ,ass1
 he comm5ds z a magicall ,m$ic9e ^u our 
enemies4  ,! figure ( ! tongue seems    
also to ov]?r[ ! presumption ( ?is      
alim5t1 :i* accord+ to exact del9eation1
 is 9 ?is ,animal peculi>1 & seeme?     
contriv$ = prey4 ,= 9 s little a        
creature x is at ! lea/ a palm long1 &  
be+ x self v sl[ 9 motion1 ha? 9 ?is "p 
a v great agility2 )all its food be+    
flies & su* z sudd5ly escape1 x ha? 9 ! 
tongue a muc\s & slimy extremity1 :]eby 
^u a sudd5 emission x inviscates &      
tangle? ^? ,insects4 ,& !re=e "s h ?\ght
 its "n n unsuitable unto its nature2 ! 
nom9ation 9 ,greek is a little ,lion    
,,sn3 42 n s mu* = ! resemblance ( %ape1
 z aff9ity ( condition2 t is = vigilancy
 9 its prey1 & sudd5 rapacity !re(1 :i* 
x p]=me? n l ! ,lion ) its tee?1 b a    
sudd5 & unexpect$ ejaculation ( !       

tongue4 ,?is exposition is fav\r$ by "s1
 especially ! old gloss ^u ,leviticus1  
:]eby 9 ! ,translation ( ,j]ome & !     
,septuag9t1 ?is ,animal is =bidd52 :at  
ev] x be1 x seems z reasonable z t (    
,isidore1 :o d]ives ?is "n  ,camelo et  
,leone1 z presum+ h]e9 resemblance ) a  
,camell4  ,z = ! possibility h]e(1 x is 
n also unque/ionable2 & wise m5 are (   
op9ion1 ! bodies ( ,animals _c receive a
 prop] alim5t f air2 = beside t ta/ be+ 
7z ,ari/otle t]ms x7 a k9d ( t\*2 x is  
requir$ ! alim5t %\ld be tangible1 &    
fall "u ! palpable affections ( t\*2    
beside also t !re is "s sapor 9 all     
alim5ts1 z be+ to be di/+ui%$ & judg$ by
 ! gu/2 :i* _c be admitt$ 9 air3 ,beside
 ^!1 ,i say1 if we consid] ! nature (   
alim5t1 & ! prop] use ( air 9           
respiration1 x w v h>dly fall "u ! "n   
h]e(1 or prop]ly atta9 ! act (          
nutrication4  ,sid5ote3 ,requisites unto
 ,nutrition4  ,& fir/ conc]n+ its       
nature1 to make a p]fect nutrition into 
! body n\ri%$1 !re is requir$ a         

transmutation ( ! nutrim5t1 n[ :]e ?is  
conv]sion or agg5]ation is made1 !re is 
also requir$ 9 ! alim5t a famili>ity (  
matt]1 & su* a community or vic9ity unto
 a liv+ nature1 z by "o act ( ! s\l may 
be conv]t$ into ! body ( ! liv+1 & enjoy
 "o common s\l4 ,:i* _c be effect$ by   
air1 x concurr+ only ) our fle% 9 common
 pr9ciples1 :i* are at ! l>ge/ di/ance f
 life1 & common also unto inanimat$     
con/itutions4 ,& !re=e :5 x is said by  
,f]nelius1 & ass]t$ by div]s o!rs1 t we 
are only n\ri%$ by liv+ bodies1 & su* z 
are "s way proce$+ f !m1 t is1 ! fruits1
 effects1 p>ts1 or se$s !re(2 !y h laid 
out an object v agreeable unto          
assimulation2 = ^! inde$ are fit to     
receive a quick & imm$iate conv]sion1 z 
hold+ "s community ) our selves1 &      
conta9+ approximate dispositions unto   
animation4  ,secondly1 7z is argu$ by   
,ari/otle aga9/ ! ,py?agoreans7 :atsoev]
 prop]ly n\ri%e? be=e its assimulation1 
by ! action ( natural heat x receive? a 
corpul5cy or incrassation progressional 

unto its conv]sion2 :i* not)/&+ _c be   
effect$ ^u air2 = ! action ( heat do? n 
cond5se b r>ifie t body1 & by           
att5uation1 r !n = nutrition1 dispose? x
 = expulsion4  ,?irdly1 7:i* is !       
argum5t ( ,hippocrates7 all alim5t      
receiv$ into ! body1 mu/ be !re9 a      
consid]able space reta9$1 & n imm$iately
 expell$4 ,n[ air b mom5tally rema9+ 9  
our bodies1 x ha? no proportionable     
space = its conv]sion2 only ( l5g? en\gh
 to refrig]ate ! he>t2 :i* hav+ once    
p]=m$1 le/ be+ x self heat$ aga91 x %\ld
 suffocate t "p1 x make? no /ay1 b ha/e?
 back ! same way x pass$ 94  ,f\r?ly1 ,!
 use ( air attract$ by ! lungs1 & )\t   
:i* !re is no durable cont9uation 9     
life1 is n ! nutrition ( p>ts1 b !      
contemp]ation & v5tilation ( t fire     
always ma9ta9$ 9 ! =ge ( life2 :]eby    
al?\gh 9 "s mann] x concurre? unto      
nutrition1 yet c x n receive ! prop] "n 
( nutrim5t4 ,& !re=e by                 
,hippocrates,,sn3 ,de ,alim5to4 x is    
t]m$ ,alim5tum non ,alim5tum1 a n\ri%m5t

 & no n\ri%m5t4 ,t is1 9 a l>ge         
acception1 b n 9 propriety ( language2  
cons]v+ ! body1 n n\ri%+ ! same2 nor    
repair+ x by assimulation1 b pres]v+ x  
by v5tilation2 = !reby ! natural flame  
is pres]v$ f ext9ction1 & s ! individuum
 support$ 9 "s way l nutrition4  ,& ?\gh
 ! air s entre? ! ,lungs1 t by its      
nitr\s ,_s do? affect ! he>t1 & sev]al  
ways qualifie ! blood2 & ?\gh x be also 
admitt$ into o!r p>ts1 ev5 by ! meat we 
*ew1 yet t x af=de? a prop] nutrim5t    
alone1 x is n easily made out4  ,aga91  
,"s are s f> f affirm+ ! air to af=d any
 nutrim5t1 t !y pla9ly d5y x to be any  
,elem5t1 or t x entre? into mixt bodies 
z any pr9ciple 9 _! compositions1 b     
p]=me? o!r (fices 9 ! ,univ]se2 z to    
fill all vacuities ab\t ! e>? or b5ea?  
x1 to convey ! heat ( ! sun1 to ma9ta9  
fires & flames1 to s]ve = ! flight (    
volatils1 respiration ( brea?+ ,animals1
 & refrig]ation ( o!rs4 ,& al?\gh we    
receive x z an ,elem5t1 yet s9ce !      
transmutation ( ,elem5ts & simple       

bodies1 is n beyond great "q1 s9ce also 
x is no easie matt] to demon/rate t air 
is s mu* z conv]tible into wat] ,,sn3   
,:]e9 ,vap\r is commonly mi/ak5 = air42 
h[ transmutable x is into fle%1 may be (
 deep] d\bt4  ,& al?\gh ! air attract$  
may be conceiv$ to n\ri% ! invisible    
flame ( life1 9 z mu* z common & cul9>y 
flames are n\ri%$ by ! air ab\t !m2 we  
make "s d\bt :e!r air is ! pabul\s      
supply ( fire1 mu* less t flame is      
prop]ly air k9dl$4 ,& ! same be=e u1 ha?
 be5 d5i$ by ! ,"l ( ,v]ulam1 9 8 ,tract
 ( ,life & ,dea?1 & also by ,dr4 ,jord5 
9 8 book ( ,m9]al wat]s4 ,,sn3 ,:at !   
matt] ( ,cul9>y or ,kit*9 fire is4 ,= t 
:i* sub/antially ma9ta9e? ! fire1 is !  
combu/ible matt] 9 ! k9dl$ body1 & n !  
ambi5t air1 :i* af=de? exhalation to its
 fulig9\s atomes2 nor t :i* cause? !    
flame prop]ly to be t]m$ air1 b r z he  
expresse? x1 ! acc5sion ( fulig9\s      
exhalations1 :i* conta9 an unctuosity 9 
!m1 & arise f ! matt] ( fuel1 :i* op9ion
 w salve _m d\bts1 :]e( ! common conceit

 af=de? no solution4  ,z fir/1 ,h[ fire 
is /rick5 out ( fl9ts8 t is1 n by k9dl+ 
! air f ! collision ( two h>d bodies2 = 
!n ,diamonds %\ld d ! l bett] ?an       
,fl9ts3 b r f sulphure\s inflam$ & ev5  
vitrifi$ effluviums & p>ticles1 z ha?   
be5 obs]v$ ( late4 ,! l sai? ,jord5 we  
obs]ve 9 canes & woods1 t are unctu\s & 
full ( oyl1 :i* w yield fire by         
frication1 or collision1 n by k9dl+ !   
air ab\t !m1 b ! inflamable oyl )9 !m4  
,,sn3 ,:y fire goes out commonly want+  
air1 & :y sometimes cont9u$ _m ages 9   
flame )\t fuel4 ,:y ! fire goes out )\t 
air8 t is1 because ! fulig9\s           
exhalations want+ evaporation recoil ^u 
! flame & *oak x1 z is evid5t 9 cupp+   
glasses2 & ! artifice ( *>coals1 :]e if 
! air be altoge!r exclud$1 ! fire goes  
out4 ,:y "s lamps includ$ 9 ^? bodies h 
burn$ _m hundr$ ye>s1 z t discov]$ 9 !  
,sepul*re ( ,tullia1 ! si/] ( ,cic]o1 & 
t ( ,olibius _m ye>s aft]1 ne> ,padua8  
because :atev] 0 _! matt]1 ei!r a       
prep>ation ( gold1 or ,nap?a1 ! duration

 proce$$ f ! purity ( _! oyl :i* yield$ 
no fulig9\s exhalations to suffocate !  
fire2 ,= if air _h n\ri%$ ! flame1 x _h 
n cont9u$ _m m9utes1 = x w\ld h be5 sp5t
 & wa/$ by ! fire4 ,:y a piece ( flax w 
k9dle1 ?\gh x t\* n ! flame8 because !  
fire ext5de? fur!r1 !n inde$ x is       
visible1 be+ at "s di/ance f ! week1 a  
pellucide & transp>5t body1 & ?9n] !n ! 
air x self4 ,:y ,mettals 9 _! liquation1
 al?\gh !y int5sly heat ! air above _!  
surface1 arise n yet into a flame1 nor  
k9dle ! air ab\t !m8 because _! sulphur 
is m fix$1 & !y emit n inflamable       
exhalations4 ,& la/ly1 :y a lamp or c&le
 burne? only 9 ! air ab\t x1 & inflame? 
n ! air at a di/ance f x8 because !     
flame ext5de? n beyond ! inflamable     
efflu5ce1 b closely adh]es unto !       
orig9al ( its inflamation2 & !re=e x    
only w>me?1 n k9dle? ! air ab\t x4 ,:i* 
not)/&+ x w d1 if ! ambi5t air be       
impregnate ) subtile inflamabilities1 & 
su* z are ( quick acc5sion2 z exp]im5t  
is made 9 a close room2 ^u an           

evaporation ( spirits ( w9e & ,camphire2
 z subt]rane\s fires d sometimes happ51 
& z ,creusa & ,alex&]s boy 9 ! ba? 7 set
 on fire by ,nap?a4  ,la/ly1 ,! ,elem5t 
( air is s f> f n\ri%+ ! body1 t "s h   
que/ion$ ! p[] ( wat]2 _m conceiv+ x    
ent]s n ! body 9 ! p[] ( alim5t1 or t f 
!nce !re proce$s a sub/antial supply4 ,=
 beside t "s creatures dr9k n at all2   
,ev5 unto our selves1 & m p]fect        
,animals1 ?\gh _m ways assi/5t !reto1 x 
p]=ms no sub/antial nutrition1 s]v+ =   
refrig]ation1 dilution ( solid alim5t1 &
 its elixation 9 ! /omack2 :i* f !nce z 
a vehicle x conveys ?r\gh less          
accessible cavities1 & s 9 a rorid      
sub/ance ?r\gh ! capill>y cavities1 into
 e "p2 :i* hav+ p]=m$1 x is aft]w>d     
exclud$ by ,ur9e1 sweat & s]\s          
sep>ations4 ,& ?is op9ion surely        
possess$ ! ,anci5ts2 = :5 !y s highly   
comm5d$ t wat] :i* is sudd5ly hot &     
cold1 :i* is )\t all sav\r1 ! lighte/1 !
 ?9ne/1 & :i* w soone/ boil ,beans or   
,pease1 !y _h no consid]ation (         

nutrition2 :]eunto _h !y _h respect1 !y 
w\ld h surely comm5d$ gross & turbid    
/reams1 9 ^: confusion at lea/1 !re     
might be conta9$ "s nutrim5t2 & n jejune
 or limp$ wat]1 ne>] ! simplicity ( its 
,elem5t4 ,al?\gh1 ,i confess1 our cle>e/
 wat]s & su* z seem simple unto s5se1   
are mu* comp\nd$ unto reason1 z may be  
obs]v$ 9 ! evaporation ( l>ge quantities
 ( wat]2 :]e9 beside a t]re\s resid5ce  
"s salt is also f\nd1 z is also         
obs]vable 9 ra9 wat]2 :i* appe>+ pure & 
empty1 is full ( sem9al pr9ciples1 &    
c>rie? vital atomes ( plants & ,animals 
9 x1 :i* h n p]i%$ 9 ! great circulation
 ( nature2 z may be discov]$ f sev]al   
,insects g5]at$ 9 ra9 wat]1 f ! preval5t
 fructification ( plants !reby2 &       
7beside ! real plant ( ,corn]ius ,,sn3  
,a se$ ( plants & animals conta9$ 9     
ra9-wat]4 ,zibavius1 tom4 #d4 ,*ym47 f  
vegetable figurations1 ^u ! sides (     
glasses1 s r>ely del9eat$ 9 fro/s4  ,all
 :i* consid]$1 sev]] heads w be apt     
en\gh to conceive ! op9ion ( ?is        

,animal1 n mu* unlike t ( ! ,a/omi1 or  
m5 )\t m\?s1 9 ,pl9y2 sutable unto !    
relation ( ! ,m>es 9 ,spa91 & _!        
subv5tane\s conceptions1 f ! ,we/]n w9d2
 & 9 "s way m unreasonable !n ! figm5t (
 ,rabican ! fam\s horse 9 ,ario/o1 :i*  
be+ conceiv$ by flame & w9d1 nev] ta/$  
grass1 or f$ on any gross] prov5d] !n   
air2 = ?is way ( nutrition 0 answ]able  
unto ! pr9ciples ( 8 g5]ation4 ,:i* be+ 
n airy1 b gross & sem9al 9 ! ,*ameleon2 
unto its cons]vation !re is requir$ a   
solid pa/ure1 & a food cong5]\s unto !  
pr9ciples ( its nature4  ,! gr\nds ( ?is
 op9ion are _m2 ! fir/ obs]v$ by        
,!ophra/us1 0 ! inflation or swell+ ( ! 
body1 made 9 ?is ,animal ^u inspiration 
or draw+ 9 its brea?2 :i* p obs]v+1 h   
?\ght x to fe$ ^u air4 ,b ?is effect is 
r occasion$ ^u ! greatness ( its lungs1 
:i* 9 ?is ,animal are v l>ge1 & by _!   
backw>d situation1 af=d a m obs]vable   
dilation2 & ?\gh _! lungs be less1 ! l  
inflation is also obs]vable 9 ,toads1 b 
especially 9 ,s5tortoises4  ,a second is

 ! cont9ual hiation or hold+ op5 its    
m\?1 :i* m5 obs]v+1 conceive ! int5tion 
!re( to receive ! alim5t ( air2 b ?is is
 also occasion$ by ! greatness ( its    
lungs2 = repletion :]e( n hav+ a        
suffici5t or ready supply by its        
no/rils2 x is en=c$ to dilate & hold op5
 ! jaws4  ,! ?ird is ! paucity ( blood  
obs]v$ 9 ?is ,animal1 sc>ce at all to be
 f\nd b 9 ! eye1 & ab\t ! he>t2 :i*     
defect be+ obs]v$1 incl9$ "s into       
?\ghts1 t ! air 0 a suffici5t ma9t5ance 
= ^! exangui\s p>ts4 ,b ?is defect or r 
paucity ( blood1 is also agreeable unto 
_m o!r ,animals1 ^: solid nutrim5t we d 
n controv]t2 z may be obs]v$ 9 o!r sorts
 ( ,liz>ds1 9 ,frogs & div]s ,fi%es2 &  
!re=e an ,horse-lee* w n readily fa/5 ^u
 e fi%2 & we d n read ( mu* blood t 0   
drawn f ,frogs by ,mice1 9 t fam\s      
battel ( ,hom]4  ,! la/ & mo/ common    
gr\nd :i* begat or promot$ ?is op9ion1  
is ! long cont9uation h]e( )\t any      
visible food1 :i* "s obs]v+1            
precipit\sly conclude !y eat n at all4  

,x _c be d5i$ x is 7if n ! mo/ ( any7 a 
v ab/emi\s ,animal1 & su* z by reason ( 
its frigidity1 paucity ( blood1 &       
latitancy 9 ! w9t] 7ab\t :i* "t !       
obs]vations are (t5 made7 w long subsi/ 
)\t a visible su/5tation4 ,b a l        
condition may be also obs]v$ 9 _m o!r   
,animals2 = ,liz>ds & ,lee*es1 z we h   
made trial1 w live "s mon?s )\t         
su/5ance2 & we h includ$ ,snails 9      
glasses all w9t]1 :i* h return$ to fe$  
aga9 9 ! spr+4 ,n[ ^! not)/&+1 are n    
conceiv$ to pass all _! lives )\t food2 
= s to argue is fallaci\s1 & is moreov] 
suffici5tly convict$ by exp]i5ce4 ,&    
!re=e probably o!r relations are ( !    
same v]ity1 :i* are ( ! l aff9ity2 z is 
! conceit ( ! ,rh9tace 9 ,p]sia1 !      
,canis ,levis ( ,am]ica1 & !            
,manucodiata or bird ( ,p>adise 9       
,india4  ,to assign a reason ( ?is      
ab/95ce 9 ,animals1 or decl>e h[ )\t a  
supply !re ensue? no de/ructive         
exhau/ion1 exce$e? ! limits & int5tion (
 my disc\rse4 ,=tunius ,licetus 9 8     

excell5t ,tract1 de 8 qui diu vivunt s9e
 alim5to1 ha? v +5i\sly attempt$ x2     
d$uc+ ! cause h]e( f an equal con=mity (
 natural heat & moi/ure1 at lea/ no     
consid]able exup]ancy 9 ei!r2 :i*       
concurr+ 9 an unactive proportion1 !    
natural heat consume? n ! moi/ure 7:]eby
 ensue? no exhau/ion7 & ! condition (   
natural moi/ure is able to resi/ ! sl5d]
 action ( heat 7:]eby x ne$e? no        
rep>ation7 & ?is is evid5t 9 ,snakes1   
,liz>ds1 ,snails1 & div]s ,insects      
latitant _m mon?s 9 ! ye>2 :i* be+ cold 
creatures1 conta9+ a weak heat 9 a crass
 or copi\s humidity1 d long subsi/ )\t  
nutrition4 ,= ! activity ( ! ag5t1 be+ n
 able to ov]ma/] ! resi/ance ( ! pati5t1
 !re w ensue no dep]dition4 ,& ^u ! l   
gr\nds x is1 t cold & phlegmatick       
bodies1 & 7z ,hippocrates det]m9e?7 t   
old m5 w be/ endure fa/+4 ,n[ ! same    
h>mony & /ation>y con/itution1 z x      
happ5e? 9 _m species1 s do? x fall out  
sometime 9 ,individuals4 ,= we read ( _m
 :o h liv$ long )\t alim5t2 & beside    

deceits & impo/ures1 !re may be v]itable
 ,relations ( "s1 :o )\t a miracle1 & by
 peculi>ity ( temp]1 h f> out fa/$      
,elias4 ,:i* not)/&+ do? n take (f !    
miracle2 = t may be miracul\sly effect$ 
9 "o1 :i* is naturally causable 9 ano!r4
 ,"s naturally liv+ unto an hundr$2 unto
 :i* age1 o!rs not)/&+ c\ld n atta9 )\t 
a miracle4                              
,,*apt] ,,xxii                          
,( ! ,o/ri*4   ,! common op9ion ( !     
,o/ri*1 ,/ru?iocamelus or ,sp>r[-,camel 
conceives t x dige/e? ,iron2 & ?is is   
confirm$ by ! affirmations ( _m2 beside 
sw>ms ( o!rs1 ,rhodig9us 9 8 prelections
 take? x = grant$1 ,johannes ,langius 9 
8 ,epi/les pleade? exp]im5t = x2 !      
common picture also confirme? x1 :i*    
usually describe? ?is ,animal ) an      
hor%oe 9 its m\?4 ,not)/&+ ^u enquiry we
 f9d x v que/ionable1 & ! negative seems
 mo/ reasonably ent]ta9$2 ^: v]ity inde$
 we d ! r desire1 because h]eby we %all 
relieve our ignorance ( "o occult       
quality2 = 9 ! li/ !re( x is acc\nt$1 & 

9 t notion imp]i\sly obtrud$ ^u u4 ,= my
 "p1 al?\gh ,i h _h ! sight ( ?is       
,animal1 ,i h n _h ! opportunity ( its  
exp]im5t1 b h receiv$ great occasion (  
d\bt1 f le>n$ disc\rses !reon4  ,=      
,ari/otle & ,oppianus :o h p>ticul>ly   
treat$ h]e( are sil5t 9 ?is s+ul>ity2   
ei!r omitt+ x z dubi\s1 or z ! ,comm5t  
sai?1 reject+ x z fabul\s4 ,pl9y speake?
 g5]ally1 affirm+ only1 ! dige/ion is   
wond]ful 9 ?is ,animal2 lian deliv]e?1 t
 x dige/e? /ones )\t any m5tion ( ,iron2
 ,leo ,africanus1 :o liv$ 9 ^? ,c\ntries
 :]e9 !y mo/ ab\nd1 speake? dim9utively1
 & b half way into ?is ass]tion3 ,surdum
 ac simplex animal e/1 quicquid inv5it1 
absque delectu1 usque ad f]rum devorat3 
,f]nelius 9 8 second ,de abditis r]um   
causis1 ext5uates x1 & ,riolanus 9 8    
,comm5t !re( positively d5ies x4 ,"s h  
exp]im5tally refut$ x1 z ,alb]tus       
,magnus2 & mo/ pla9ly ,ulysses          
,aldrov&us1 ^: words are ^!3 ,ego f]ri  
fru/a devor>e1 dum ,trid5ti essem1      
obs]vavi1 s$ qu incocta rursus exc]n]et1

 t is1 at my be+ at ,tr5t1 ,i obs]v$ !  
,o/ri* to swall[ ,iron1 b yet to exclude
 x undige/$ aga94  ,n[ beside exp]im5t1 
x is 9 va9 to attempt aga9/ x by        
,philosophical argum5t1 x be+ an occult 
quality1 :i* contemns ! law ( ,reason1 &
 def5ds x self by admitt+ no reason at  
all4 ,,sn3 ,h[ 7possibly7 ! /omack ( !  
,o/ri* may alt] ,iron4 ,z = its         
possibility we %all n at pres5t dispute2
 nor w we affirm t ,iron +e/$1 receive? 
9 ! /omack ( ! ,o/ri* no alt]ation at   
all2 b if any su* !re be1 we suspect ?is
 effect r f "s way ( corrosion1 !n any (
 dige/ion2 n any liquid r$uction or     
t5dance to *ilification by ! p[] (      
natural heat1 b r "s attrition f an     
acide & vitriol\s humidity 9 ! /omack1  
:i* may ab/]se & %ave ! scori\s p>ts    
!re(4 ,s ru/y ,iron cramm$ d[n ! ?roat (
 a ,cock1 w become t]se & cle> aga9 9   
its gizz>d3 ,s ! ,c\nt] :i* accord+ to !
 relation ( ,amatus rema9$ a :ole ye> 9 
! body ( a y\?1 & came out mu* consum$  
at la/2 might suff] ?is dim9ution1 r f  

%>p & acide hum\rs1 !n ! /r5g? ( natural
 heat1 z he suppose?4 ,s silv] swall[$ &
 reta9$ "s "t 9 ! body1 w turn black1 z 
if x _h be5 dipp$ 9 ,aqua =tis1 or "s   
corrosive wat]1 b ,lead w rema9 unalt]$2
 = t mettal conta9e? 9 x a sweet salt or
 sug>1 :]eby x resi/e? ord9>y corrosion1
 & w n easily dissolve ev5 9 ,aqua =tis4
 ,s :5 = m$ical uses1 we take d[n !     
fil+s ( ,iron or ,/eel1 we mu/ n        
conceive x passe? unalt]$ f u2 = ?\gh ! 
gross] p>ts be exclud$ aga91 yet are !  
dissoluble p>ts extract$1 :]eby x       
becomes effectual 9 deopilations2 &     
!re=e = spe$i] op]ation we make         
ext9ctions1 infusions1 & ! l1 :]eby we  
extract ! salt & active p>ts ( !        
,m$ic9e2 :i* be+ 9 solution1 m easily   
ent] ! ve9s4 ,,sn3 ,:at ! ,*ymi/s w\ld h
 by _! ,aurum ,potabile4 ,& ?is is t !  
,*ymi/s ma9ly drive at 9 ! attempt ( _! 
,aurum ,potabile2 t is1 to r$uce t      
indige/ible sub/ance into su* a =m z may
 n be eject$ by siege1 b ent] !         
cavities1 & less accessible p>ts ( !    

body1 )\t corrosion4  ,! gr\nd ( ?is    
conceit is its swall[+ d[n fragm5ts (   
,iron1 :i* m5 obs]v+1 by a fr[>d        
illation1 h !re=e conceiv$ x dige/e? !m2
 :i* is an inf]5ce n to be admitt$1 z   
be+ a fallacy ( ! consequ5t1 t is1      
conclud+ a position ( ! consequ5t1 f !  
position ( ! antec$5t4 ,= _m ?+s are    
swall[$ by ,animals1 r = condim5t1 gu/  
or m$icam5t1 !n any sub/antial nutrim5t4
 ,s ,p\ltrey1 & especially ! ,turkey1 d 
( !mselves take d[n /ones2 & we h f\nd  
at "o "t 9 ! gizz>d ( a ,turkey no less 
!n sev5 hundr$4 ,n[ ^! r concur unto    
dige/ion1 !n are !mselves dige/$2 = we h
 f\nd !m also 9 ! guts & excrem5ts2 b _!
 desc5t is v sl[1 = we h giv5 !m /ones &
 small pieces ( ,iron1 :i* eighte5 days 
aft] we h f\nd rema9+ 9 ! gizz>d4 ,&    
!re=e ! exp]im5t ( ,langius & o!rs might
 be fallible1 :il/ aft] ! tak+ !y       
expect$ x %\ld come d[n )9 a day or two 
aft]4 ,,sn3 ,h[ ,*]ry-/ones may be ?\ght
 to prev5t surfets ^u eat+ ,*]ries4 ,?us
 also we swall[ ,*]ry-/ones1 b void !m  

unconcoct$1 & we usually say !y pres]ve 
u f surfet2 = be+ h>d bodies !y conceive
 a /rong & durable heat 9 ! /omack1 & s 
prev5t ! crudities ( _! fruit3 ,& ^u ! l
 reason d cul9>y op]ators obs]ve1 t fle%
 boiles be/1 :5 ! bones are boil$ ) x4  
,?us dogs w eat grass1 :i* !y dige/ n3  
,?us ,camels to make ! wat] sapid1 d    
raise ! mud ) _! feet3 ,?us horses w    
knable at walls1 ,pigeons delight 9 salt
 /ones4 ,rats w gnaw iron1 & ,ari/otle  
sai? ! ,elephant swall[e? /ones4 ,& ?us 
may also ! ,o/ri* swall[ ,iron2 n z 8   
prop] alim5t1 b = ! ends above express$1
 & ev5 z we obs]ve ! l 9 o!r ,animals4  
,& :e!r ^! fragm5ts ( ,iron & h>d       
sub/ances swall[$ by ! ,o/ri*1 h n also 
t use 9 _! /omacks1 :i* !y h 9 o!r      
birds2 t is1 9 "s way to supply ! use ( 
tee?1 by commolition1 gr9d+ &           
compression ( _! prop] alim5t1 ^u !     
action ( ! /rongly con=m$ muscles ( !   
/omack2 z ! honor'd ,dr4 ,h>vey         
disc\rse?1 may also be consid]$4  ,:at  
effect !re=e may be expect$ f ! /omack (

 an ,o/ri* by application alone to fur!r
 dige/ion 9 ours1 beside ! exp]im5tal   
refute ( ,gal51 we ref] x unto          
consid]ations above all$g$2 ,or :e!r !re
 be any m cr$it to be giv5 unto !       
,m$ic9e ( lian1 :o affirms ! /ones !y   
swall[ h a peculi> v]tue = ! eyes1 !n t 
( ,h]molaus & ,pl9y drawn f ! ur9e ( ?is
 ,animal2 let !m det]m9e :o c swall[ s  
/range a transmission ( qualities1 or   
believe t any ,bird or fly+ ,animal do? 
sep>ately & di/9ctly ur9e beside ! ,bat4
  ,t !re=e an ,o/ri* w swall[ & take d[n
 ,iron1 is easily to be grant$3 t (times
 x pass entire away1 if we admit ( ocul>
 te/imony n to be d5i$4 ,& ?\gh "s      
exp]im5t may also plead1 t sometimes !y 
are s alt]$1 z n to be f\nd or exclud$ 9
 any disc]nable p>cels3 yet :e!r ?is be 
n effect$ by "s way ( corrosion1 f %>p &
 dissolv+ humidities1 r !n any prop]    
dige/ion1 *ilifactive mutation1 or      
alim5tal conv]sion1 is ) good reason    
d\bt$4                                  
,,*apt] ,,xxiii                         

,( ,unicorns ,horn4   ,great acc\nt &   
mu* pr(it is made ( ,unicorns horn1 at  
lea/ ( t :i* be>e? ! "n !re(2 :]e9      
not)/&+1 _m ,i p]ceive suspect an       
,impo/ure1 & "s conceive !re is no su*  
,animal extant4 ,h]e9 !re=e to draw up  
our det]m9ations2 beside ! sev]al places
 ( ,scripture m5tion+ ?is ,animal 7:i*  
"s may well cont5d to be only meant ( ! 
,rh9oc]os ,,sn3 ,"s d\bt to be made :at 
signifie? 9 ,scripture47 we are s f> f  
d5y+ !re is any ,unicorn at all1 t we   
affirm !re are _m k9ds !re(4 ,9 ! numb] 
( ,quadrup$es1 we w conc$e no less !n   
five2 t is1 ! ,indian ,ox1 ! ,indian    
,ass1 ! ,rh9oc]os1 ! ,oryx1 & t :i* is m
 em95tly t]m$ ,monoc]os1 or ,unicornis4 
,"s ( ! li/ ( fi%es2 z t describ$ by    
,olaus1 ,alb]tus & o!rs3 & "s ,unicorns 
we w all[ ev5 among ,insects2 z ^? f\r  
k9ds ( nasicorn\s ,beetles describ$ by  
,muffetus4  ,secondly1 ,al?\gh we conc$e
 !re may be _m ,unicorns1 yet are we    
/ill to seek2 = :]eunto to affix ?is    
,horn 9 "q1 or to det]m9e f :i* !re( we 

receive ?is magnifi$ ,m$ic9e1 we h no   
assurance1 or any satisfactory decision4
 ,= al?\gh we s+le out "o1 & em95tly    
!reto assign ! "n ( ! ,unicorn2 yet c we
 n be secure :at creature is meant      
!reby2 :at con/ant %ape x holde?1 or 9  
:at numb] to be receiv$4 ,= z f> z our  
endeav\rs discov]1 ?is animal is n      
uni=mly describ$1 b diff]5tly set =? by 
^? t und]take x4 ,,sn3 ,! ,unicorn1 h[  
v>i\sly report$ by ,au?ors4 ,pl9y       
affirme? x is a fi]ce & t]rible         
creature2 ,v>tomannus a tame & mansuete 
,animal3 ^? :i* ,g>cias ab ,horto       
describ$ ab\t ! cape ( good hope1 7     
beheld ) heads l horses2 ^? :i*         
,v>tomannus beheld1 he describ$ ) ! head
 ( a ,de]2 ,pl9y1 lian1 ,sol9us1 & aft] 
^! f ocul> assurance1 ,paulus ,v5etus   
affirme?1 ! feet ( ! ,unicorn are       
undivid$1 & l ! ,elephants3 ,b ^? two   
:i* ,v>tomannus beheld at ,me*a1 7 z he 
describe?1 foot$ l a ,goat4 ,z lian     
describe?1 x is 9 ! bigness ( an ,horse1
 z ,v>tomannus1 ( a ,colt2 t :i* ,!vet  

speake? ( 0 n s big z an ,heif]2 b      
,paulus ,v5etus affirme?1 !y are b      
little less !n ,elephants4 ,:i* are     
discrim9ations v mat]ial1 & pla9ly      
decl>e1 t "u ! same "n ,au?ors describe 
n ! same ,animal3 s t ! ,unicorns ,horn 
( "o1 is n t ( ano!r1 al?\gh we proclaim
 an equal v]tue 9 all4  ,?irdly1 ,al?\gh
 we 7 agre$ :at ,animal ?is 01 or diff]$
 n 9 its description1 yet w\ld ?is also 
af=d b little satisfaction2 = ! ,horn we
 commonly extol1 is n ! same ) t ( !    
,anci5ts4 ,= t 9 ! description ( lian & 
,pl9y 0 black3 ?is :i* is %ew$ among/ u 
is commonly :ite1 none black2 & ( ^?    
five :i* ,scalig] beheld1 ?\gh "o       
spadice\s1 or ( a light r$1 & two encl9+
 to r$1 yet 0 !re n any ( ?is complexion
 among !m4  ,f\r?ly1 ,:at ,horns soev]  
!y be :i* pass among/ u1 !y are n surely
 ! ,horns ( any "o k9d ( ,animal1 b mu/ 
proce$ f sev]al sorts ( ,unicorns4 ,= "s
 are wrea!d1 "s n3 ,t fam\s "o :i* is   
pres]v$ at ,/4 ,d5nis ne> ,p>is1 ha?    
wrea?y spires1 & *ocle>y turn+s ab\t x1 

:i* agree? ) ! description ( ! ,unicorns
 ,horn 9 lian4 ,^? two 9 ! treasure (   
,/4 ,m>k are pla91 & be/ accord ) ^? ( !
 ,indian ,ass1 or ! descriptions ( o!r  
,unicorns3 ,t 9 ! ,repository ( !       
elect\r ( ,saxone is pla9 & n holl[1 &  
is believ$ to be a true ,l& ,unicorns   
,horn4 ,alb]tus ,magnus describe? "o t5 
foot long1 & at ! base ab\t ?irte5 in*es
 compass3 ,& t ( ,antw]p :i* ,goropius  
,becanus describe?1 is n mu* inf]i\r    
unto x2 :i* be/ agree unto !            
descriptions ( ! ,sea-,unicorns2 = ^!1 z
 ,olaus affirme?1 are ( t /r5g? &       
bigness1 z able to p5etrate ! ribs (    
%ips4 ,! same is m probable1 because x 0
 br\ght f ,isl&1 f :5ce1 z ,becanus     
affirme?1 ?ree o!r 7 br\ght 9 8 days3 ,&
 we h he>d ( "s :i* h be5 f\nd by !     
,sea-side1 & br\ght unto u f ,am]ica4 ,s
 t :ile we comm5d ! ,unicorns ,horn1 &  
conceive x peculi> b unto "o animal2 "u 
appreh5sion ( ! same v]tue1 we use v _m2
 & comm5d t effect f all1 :i* e "o      
conf9e? unto "s "o he ha? ei!r se5 or   

describ$4  ,fif?ly1 ,al?\gh !re be _m   
,unicorns1 & consequ5tly _m ,horns1 yet 
_m !re are :i* be> t "n1 & currantly    
pass among u1 :i* are no ,horns at all4 
,su* are ^? fragm5ts & pieces ( ,lapis  
,c]atites1 commonly t]m$ ,cornu fossile1
 :]e( ,btius _h no less ?an tw5ty sev]al
 sorts pres5t$ him = ,unicorns ,horn4   
,h]e( 9 subt]rane\s cavities1 & "u ! e>?
 !re are _m to be f\nd 9 sev]al p>ts (  
,g]many2 :i* are b ! lapidesc5cies &    
petrifactive mutations ( h>d bodies2    
sometimes ( ,horn1 ( tee?1 ( bones1 &   
bran*es ( trees1 :]e( !re are "s s      
imp]fectly conv]t$1 z to reta9 ! odor & 
qualities ( _! orig9als2 z he relate? ( 
pieces ( ,a% & ,walnut4 ,aga91 9 mo/1 if
 n all :i* pass among/ u1 & are extoll$ 
= preci\s ,horns1 we discov] n an       
affection common unto o!r ,horns2 t is1 
!y mollifie n ) fire1 !y s(t5 n ^u      
decoction or infusion1 nor w !y af=d a  
jelly1 or mucilag9\s concretion 9 ei!r2 
:i* not)/&+ we may effect 9 ,goats      
horns1 ,%eeps1 ,c[s & ,h>ts-horn1 9 !   

,horn ( ! ,rh9oc]os1 ! horn ( ! ,pri/is 
or ,sword fi%4 ,nor d !y become friable 
or easily p[d]able by ,philosophical    
calc9ation1 t is1 f ! vapor or /eam (   
wat]1 b split & rift contr>y to o!rs    
horns4 ,,sn3 ,unicorns ,horn commonly   
us$ 9 ,engl&1 :at x is4 ,briefly1 _m (  
^? commonly receiv$1 & :]e( !re be s _m 
fragm5ts pres]v$ 9 ,engl&1 are n only no
 ,horn1 b a sub/ance h>d] !n a bone1 t  
is1 p>ts ( ! too? ( a ,morse or         
,sea-horse2 9 ! mid/ ( ! solid] "p      
conta9$ a curdl$ gra91 :i* is n to be   
f\nd 9 ,ivory4 ,?is 9 ,nor!rn ,regions  
is ( frequ5t use = hafts ( knives or    
hilts ( swords1 & be+ burnt becomes a   
good rem$y = fluxes3 b ,antidotally us$1
 & expos$ = ,unicorns ,horn1 x is an    
insuff]able delusion2 & ) m v5iable     
deceit1 x might h be5 practis$ 9        
,h>ts-horn4  ,! l deceit may be practis$
 9 ! tee? ( o!r ,sea-animals2 9 ! tee?  
also ( ! ,hippopotamus1 or great ,animal
 :i* frequ5te? ! ,riv] ,nilus3 ,= we    
read t ! same 0 anci5tly us$ in/ead (   

,ivory or ,elephants too?4 ,nor is x to 
be omitt$1 :at ha? be5 =m]ly suspect$1 b
 n[ confirm$ by ,olaus ,wormius1 &      
,?omas ,b>?ol9us & o!rs1 t ^? long      
,horns pres]v$ z preti\s r>ities 9 _m   
places1 are b ! tee? ( ,n>hwales1 to be 
f\nd ab\t ,isl&1 ,gre5l& & o!r ,nor!rn  
regions2 ( _m feet long1 commonly       
wrea!d1 v deeply fa/n$ 9 ! upp] jaw1 &  
/&+ directly =w>d1 graphically describ$ 
9 ,b>?ol9us,,sn3 ,de ,unicornu41 accord+
 unto "o s5t f a ,bi%op ( ,isl&1 n      
sep>at$ f ! crany4 ,h]e( ,m]cator ha?   
tak5 notice 9 8 description ( ,isl&3 "s 
relations h]e( !re seem to be 9 ,pur*as1
 :o also deliv]e? t ! ,horn at ,w9dsor1 
0 9 8 second voyage br\ght hi!r by      
,frobi%]4 ,^! be=e ! ,nor!rn discov]ies1
 z unkn[n r>ities1 7 c>ri$ by ,m]*ants  
into all p>ts ( ,europe2 & ?\gh f\nd on 
! ,sea-%ore1 7 sold at v high rates2 b  
are n[ become m common1 & probably 9 "t 
w prove ( little e/eem2 & ! b>ga9 (     
,julius ! ?ird1 be acc\nt$ a v h>d "o1  
:o /uck n to give _m ?\s& cr[ns = "o4   

,nor is x great wond] we may be s       
deceiv$ 9 ?is1 be+ daily gull$ 9 ! bro!r
 ,antidote ,bezo>2 :]e( ?\gh _m be      
false1 yet "o !re passe? among/ u ( m   
intoll]able delusion2 some:at pal] !n ! 
true /one1 & giv5 by wom5 9 ! extremity 
( great diseases1 :i* not)/&+ is no     
/one1 b seems to be ! /ony se$ ( "s     
,li?osp]mum or great] ,grumwell2 or !   
,lobus ,e*9atus ( ,clusius1 call$ also !
 ,bezo> ,nut2 = be+ brok51 x discov]e? a
 k]nel ( a legum9\s smell & ta/1 bitt] l
 a ,lup9e1 & w swell & spr\t if set 9 ! 
gr\nd1 & !re=e m s]viceable = issues1 !n
 dang]\s & virul5t diseases4  ,six?ly1  
,al?\gh we 7 satisfi$ we _h ! ,unicorns 
,horn1 yet 7 x no injury unto reason to 
"q ! efficacy !re(1 or :e!r ^? v]tues   
pret5d$ d prop]ly belong unto x4 ,= :at 
we obs]ve1 7& x escap$ n ! obs]vation ( 
,paulus ,jovius _m ye>s pa/7 none ( !   
,anci5ts ascrib$ any m$ic9al or         
antidotal v]tue unto ! ,unicorns ,horn2 
& t :i* lian extolle?1 :o 0 ! fir/ &    
only man ( ! ,anci5ts :o spake ( !      

m$ical v]tue ( any ,unicorn1 0 ! ,horn (
 ! ,indian ,ass2 :]e(1 sai? he1 !       
,pr9ces ( ^? p>ts make b[ls & dr9k !re91
 z pres]vatives aga9/ ,poyson1          
,convulsions1 & ! ,fall+-sickness4 ,n[ !
 description ( t ,horn is n agreeable   
unto t we comm5d2 = t 7sai? he7 is r$   
above1 :ite bel[1 & black 9 ! middle2   
:i* is v diff]5t f ours1 or any to be   
se5 among/ u4 ,& ?us1 ?\gh ! description
 ( ! ,unicorn be v anci5t1 yet 0 !re (  
old no v]tue ascrib$ unto x2 & al?\gh   
?is among/ u receive ! op9ion ( ! same  
v]tue1 yet is x n ! same ,horn :]eunto !
 ,anti5ts ascrib$ x4  ,la/ly1 ,al?\gh we
 all[ x an ,antidotal efficacy1 & su* z 
! ,anci5ts comm5d$1 yet are !re "s      
v]tues ascrib$ !reto by ,mod]ns n easily
 to be receiv$2 & x ha? surely faln out 
9 ?is1 z o!r magnifi$ m$ic9es1 ^:       
op]ations effectual 9 "s diseases1 are  
pres5tly ext5d$ unto all4 ,t "s         
,antidotal quality x may h1 we h no     
reason to d5y2 = s9ce ,elks ,ho(s &     
,horns are magnifi$ = ,epilepsies1 s9ce 

n only ! bone 9 ! he>t1 b ! ,horn ( a   
,de] is ,alexiph>macal1 & +r$i5t into ! 
confection ( ,hyac9?1 & ! ,electu>y (   
,maximilian2 we _c )\t prejudice except 
aga9/ ! efficacy ( ?is4 ,,sn3 ,expulsive
 ( ,poisons4 ,b :5 we affirm x is n only
 ,antidotal to prop] v5oms1 & sub/ances 
de/ructive by qualities we _c express2 b
 t x resi/e? also ,sublimate1 ,ars5ick1 
& poysons :i* kill by second qualities1 
t is1 by corrosion ( p>ts2 ,i d\bt we   
exce$ ! prop]ties ( its nature1 & !     
promises ( exp]im5t w n secure !        
adv5ture4 ,& !re=e 9 su* extremities1   
:e!r !re be n m probable relief f fat   
oyly sub/ances1 :i* are ! op5 tyrants   
ov] salt & corrosive bodies1 !n preci\s 
& cordial m$ic9es :i* op]ate by secret &
 disputable proprieties2 or :e!r he t   
swall[$ ,lime1 & drank d[n ,m]cury wat]1
 did n m reasonably place 8 cure 9 milk1
 butt] or oyl1 !n if he _h recurr$ unto 
,pe>l & ,bezo>1 common reason at all    
times1 & necessity 9 ! l case w\ld      
easily det]m9e4  ,s9ce !re=e !re be _m  

,unicorns2 s9ce t :]eto we appropriate a
 ,horn is s v>i\sly describ$1 t x seeme?
 ei!r nev] to h be5 se5 by two p]sons1  
or n to h be5 "o animal2 ,s9ce ?\gh !y  
agre$ 9 ! description ( ! animal1 yet is
 n ! ,horn we extol ! same ) t ( !      
,anci5ts2 ,s9ce :at ,horns soev] !y be t
 pass among u1 !y are n ! ,horns ( "o1 b
 sev]al animals2 ,s9ce _m 9 common use &
 high e/eem are no ,horns at all2 ,s9ce 
if !re 7 true ,horns1 yet might _!      
v]tues be que/ion$2 ,s9ce ?\gh we all[$ 
"s v]tues1 yet 7 n o!rs to be receiv$2 )
 :at security a man may rely on ?is     
rem$y1 ! mi/ress ( fools ha? already    
in/ruct$ "s1 & to wisdom 7:i* is nev] to
 wise to le>n7 x is n too late to       
consid]4                                
,,*apt] ,,xxiv       ,t all ,animals ( !
 ,l&1 are 9 _! k9d 9 ! ,sea4   ,t all   
,animals ( ! ,l&1 are 9 _! k9d 9 ! ,sea1
 al?\gh receiv$ z a pr9ciple1 is a t55t 
v que/ionable1 & w admit ( re/ra9t4 ,=  
"s 9 ! ,sea are n to be mat*t by any    
enquiry at ,l&1 & hold ^? %apes :i*     

t]re/ri\s =ms approa* n2 z may be obs]v$
 9 ! ,moon-fi%1 or ,or?ragoriscus1 !    
sev]al sorts ( ,raia's1 ,torp$o's1      
,oy/]s1 & _m m1 & "s !re are 9 ! ,l& :i*
 7 nev] ma9ta9$ to be 9 ! ,sea1 z       
,pan!rs1 ,hyna's1 ,camels1 ,%eep1       
,molls1 & o!rs1 :i* c>ry no "n 9        
,ic?yology ,,sn3 ,hi/ory ( fi%es41 nor  
are to be f\nd 9 ! exact descriptions ( 
,rondoletius1 ,gesn]1 or ,aldrov&us4    
,aga91 ,?\gh _m !re be :i* make out _!  
nom9ations1 z ! ,h$g-hog1 ,sea-s]p5ts & 
o!rs2 yet are !re also v _m t be> ! "n (
 animals at ,l&1 :i* hold no resemblance
 9 corporal configuration2 9 :i* acc\nt 
we compute ,vulpecula1 ,canis1 ,rana1   
,pass]1 ,cuculus1 ,asellus1 ,turdus1    
,lepus1 etc4 ,:]e9 :ile "s are call$ !  
,fox1 ! ,dog1 ! ,sp>r[ or ,frog-fi%3 &  
are kn[n by common names ) ^? at ,l&2   
yet z _! describ]s atte/1 !y receive n  
^! appellations f a total similitude 9  
figure1 b any concurr5ce 9 common       
accid5ts1 9 col\r1 condition or s+le    
con=mation4 ,z = ,sea-horses :i* mu*    

confirm ?is ass]tion2 9 _! common       
descriptions1 !y are b ,crotesco        
del9iations :i* fill up empty spaces 9  
,maps1 & me] pictorial inv5tions1 n any 
,physical %apes3 sutable unto ^? :i* 7z 
,pl9y deliv]e?7 ,praxiteles long ago set
 out 9 ! ,temple ( ,domitius4 ,= t :i*  
is commonly call$ a ,sea-horse1 is      
prop]ly call$ a ,morse1 & makes n out t 
%ape4 ,t :i* ! ,anci5ts nam$            
,hippocampus is a little animal ab\t six
 in*es long1 & n pref]r$ beyond !       
classis ( ,insects4 ,t :i* !y t]m$      
,hippopotamus an amphibi\s animal1 ab\t 
! ,riv] ,nile1 s little resemble? an    
horse1 t z ,ma?iolus obs]ve?1 9 all     
except ! feet1 x bett] makes out a sw9e4
 ,t :i* !y t]m$ a ,lion1 0 b a k9d (    
,lob/]3 t :i* !y call$ ! ,be>1 0 b "o   
k9d ( ,crab3 & t :i* !y nam$ ,bos m>9us1
 0 n z we conceive a fi% resembl+ an    
,ox1 b a ,skait or ,?ornback1 s nam$ f  
its bigness1 express$ by ! ,greek ^w    
,b\s1 :i* is a prefix ( augm5tation to  
_m words 9 t language4  ,& !re=e al?\gh 

x be n d5i$ t "s 9 ! wat] d c>ry a      
ju/ifiable resemblance to "s at ,l&1 yet
 are ! major "p :i* be> _! names unlike2
 nor d !y o!rwise resemble ! creatures  
on e>?1 !n !y on e>? ! con/ellations :i*
 pass "u animal names 9 heav53 nor !    
,dog fi% at ,sea mu* m make out ! ,dog (
 ! ,l&1 !n t 8 cognom9al or "n-sake 9 ! 
heav5s4 ,n[ if f a similitude 9 "s1 x be
 reasonable to inf] a correspond5ce 9   
all1 we may draw ?is analogy ( animals  
^u plants2 = vegetables !re are :i* c>ry
 a ne> & all[able similitude unto       
animals4 ,,sn3 ,fab4 column4 de /irp4   
r>ioribus1 ,or*is1 ,c]copi!cophora1     
,an?ropophora4 ,we might also conclude t
 animal %apes 7 g5]ally made out 9      
m9]als3 = sev]al /ones !re are t be> _! 
names 9 relation to animals or _! p>ts1 
z ,lapis angu9us1 ,con*ites1 ,e*9ites1  
,encephalites1 gop?almus1 & _m m2 z w   
appe> 9 ! ,writ]s ( ,m9]als1 &          
especially 9 ,btius & ,aldrov&us4       
,moreov] if we conc$e1 t ! animals ( "o 
,elem5t1 might be> ! names ( ^? 9 ! o!r1

 yet 9 /rict reason ! wat]y productions 
%\ld h ! pr5om9ation3 & !y ( ! l& r     
d]ive _! names1 !n nom9ate ^? ( ! ,sea4 
,= ! wat]y plantations 7 fir/ exi/5t1 & 
z !y enjoy$ a priority 9 =m1 _h also 9  
nature prec$5t d5om9ations3 b fall+ n "u
 t ,nom5clature ( ,adam1 :i* unto       
t]re/ri\s animals assign$ a "n          
appropriate unto _! natures3 f succe$+  
spectators !y receiv$ arbitr>y          
appellations3 & 7 respectively d5om9at$ 
unto creatures kn[n at ,l&2 :o 9        
!mselves _h indep5d5t names & n to be   
call$ aft] !m1 :i* 7 creat$ be=e !m4    
,la/ly1 ,by ?is ass]tion we re/ra9 ! h& 
( ,god1 & abridge ! v>iety ( ! creation2
 mak+ ! creatures ( "o ,elem5t1 b an    
act+ ov] ^? ( ano!r1 & conjoyn+ z x 7 ! 
species ( ?+s :i* /ood at di/ance 9 !   
intellect ( ,god2 & ?\gh unit$ 9 !      
,*aos1 _h sev]al se$s ( _! creation4 ,= 
al?\gh 9 t indi/+ui%t mass1 all ?+s     
seem$ "o2 yet sep>at$ by ! voice ( ,god1
 accord+ to _! species1 !y came out 9   
incommunicat$ v>ieties1 & irrelative    

sem9alities1 z well z divid$ places2 & s
 al?\gh we say ! _w 0 made 9 six days1  
yet 0 !re z x 7 a _w 9 e "o2 t is1 a    
di/9ct creation ( di/+ui%t creatures2 a 
di/9ction 9 "t ( creatures divid$ 9     
nature1 & a sev]al approbation & survey 
9 e "o4                                 
,,*apt] ,,xxv            ,conc]n+ !     
common c\rse ( ,diet1 9 mak+ *oice      
( "s ,animals1 & ab/a9+ f eat+ o!rs4    
,:y we conf9e our food unto c]ta9       
,animals1 & totally reject "s o!rs2 h[  
^! di/9ctions crept into sev]al         
,nations2 & :e!r ?is practice be built  
^u solid reason1 or *iefly support$ by  
cu/om or op9ion2 may admit consid]ation4
  ,= fir/ !re is no absolute necessity  
to fe$ on any2 & if we resi/ n ! /ream (
 ,au?ority1 & sev]al diductions f holy  
,scripture3 !re 0 no ,s>cophagie be=e ! 
flood2 ,,sn3 ,eat+ ( ,fle%4 & )\t ! eat+
 ( fle%1 our fa!rs f vegetable alim5ts1 
pres]v$ !mselves unto long] lives1 !n _!
 po/]ity by any o!r4 ,= :]eas x is      
pla9ly said1 ,,sn3 ,g54 #a4 #bi4 ,i h   

giv5 y e h]b :i* is ^u ! face ( all !   
e>?1 & e tree1 to y x %all be = meat2   
,,sn3 ,! natural v]tue ( vegetables     
impair$ by ! deluge4 pres5tly aft] !    
deluge1 :5 ! same _h de/roy$ or infirm$ 
! nature ( vegetables1 by an expression 
( enl>gem5t1 x is aga9 deliv]$3 ,,sn3   
,g54 #i4 #c4 ,e mov+ ?+ t live?1 %all be
 meat = y1 ev5 z ! gre5 h]b1 h ,i giv5 y
 all ?+s4  ,& !re=e al?\gh x be said t  
,abel 0 a ,%eph]d1 & x be n readily     
conceiv$1 ! fir/ m5 w\ld keep %eep1     
except !y made food !re(3 great         
,expositors w tell u1 t x 0 p>tly = _!  
sk9s1 :]e) !y 7 cloa!d1 p>tly = _! milk1
 :]eby !y 7 su/a9$2 & p>tly =           
,sacrifices1 :i* !y also (f]$4  ,& ?\gh 
x may seem improbable1 t !y (f]$ fle%1  
yet eat n !re(2 & ,abel c h>dly be said 
to (f] ! fir/l+s ( 8 flock1 & ! fat or  
acceptable "p1 if m5 us$ n to ta/ !     
same1 :]eby to raise su* di/9ctions3 "s 
w conf9e ! eat+ ( fle% unto ! l9e (     
,ca91 :o ext5d$ _! luxury1 & conf9$ n   
unto ! rule ( ,god4 ,t if at any "t !   

l9e ( ,se? eat fle%1 x 0 extraord9>y1 & 
only at _! sacrifices2 or else 7z       
,grotius h9te?7 if any su* practice !re 
71 x 0 n f ! beg9n+2 b f t "t :5 ! waies
 ( m5 7 corrupt$1 & :]e( x is said1 t ! 
wick$ness ( mans he>t 0 great2 ! m      
righte\s "p ( mank9d probably con=m+    
unto ! diet prescrib$ 9 ,p>adise1 & !   
/ate ( innoc5cy4 ,,sn3 ,eat+ ( ,fle%    
7probably7 n s common be=e ! flood4 ,&  
yet h[ev] ! practice ( m5 con=m$1 ?is 0 
! injunction ( ,god1 & might be !re=e   
suffici5t1 )\t ! food ( fle%4  ,t !y f$ 
n on fle%1 at lea/ ! fai?ful p>ty be=e !
 flood1 may become m probable1 because  
!y refra9$ ! same = "s "t aft]4 ,= s 0 x
 g5]ally deliv]$ ( ! gold5 age & reign (
 ,saturn2 :i* is conceiv$ ! "t ( ,noah1 
be=e ! build+ ( ,babel4 ,& he t         
consid]e? h[ agreeable ?is is unto !    
traditions ( ! ,g5tiles2 t t age 0 ( "o 
tongue3 t ,saturn dev\r$ all 8 sons b   
?ree2 t he 0 ! son ( ,oceanus & ,!tis2 t
 a ,%ip 0 8 ,symbole2 t he taught !     
culture ( v9ey>ds1 & ! art ( husb&ry1 & 

0 !re=e describ$ ) a sickle1 may well   
conceive1 ^! traditions _h _! orig9al 9 
,noah4 ,nor did ?is practice t]m9ate 9  
him1 b 0 cont9u$ at lea/ 9 _m aft]3 z   
7beside ! ,py?agoreans ( old1 ,bannyans 
n[ 9 ,india1 :o ^u s+le op9ions refra9 !
 food ( fle%7 anci5t records d h9t or   
pla9ly deliv]4 ,al?\gh we desc5d n s l[1
 z t ( sclepiades deliv]$ by ,porphyrius
 ,,sn3  41 t m5 began to fe$ on fle% 9 !
 raign ( ,pygmaleon bro!r ( ,dido1 :o   
inv5t$ sev]al torm5ts1 to puni% ! eat]s 
( fle%4  ,nor did m5 only refra9 f !    
fle% ( bea/s at fir/1 b z "s w h x1     
bea/s f "o ano!r4 ,& if we %\ld believe 
v grave conjectur]s1 c>nivor\s animals  
n[1 7 n fle% dev\r]s !n1 accord+ to !   
expression ( ! div9e provision = !m4    
,,sn3 ,g54 #a4 #cf4 ,to e bea/ ( ! e>?1 
& to e f[l ( ! air1 ,i h giv5 e gre5 h]b
 = meat1 & x 0 s4 ,z is also collect$ f 
! /ore laid up 9 ! ,ark2 :]e9 !re seems 
to h be5 no fle%ly provision = c>nivor\s
 ,animals4 ,= ( e k9d ( unclean bea/ !re
 w5t b two into ! ,ark3 & !re=e no /ock 

( fle% to su/a9 !m _m days1 mu* less    
almo/ a ye>4  ,b :5 ev] x be ackn[l$g$ t
 m5 began to fe$ on fle%1 yet h[ !y     
betook !mselves aft] to p>ticul> k9ds   
!re(1 ) rejection ( _m o!rs1 is a po9t n
 cle>ly det]m9$4 ,z = ! di/9ction (     
clean & unclean bea/s1 ! orig9al is     
obscure1 & salve? n our practice4 ,= no 
,animal is naturally unclean1 or ha? ?is
 "* 9 nature2 & !re=e :e!r 9 ?is        
di/9ction !re 7 n "s my/ical int5tion3  
,,sn3 ,h[ ,moses might di/+ui% bea/s    
into clean & unclean be=e ! flood4 :e!r 
,moses aft] ! di/9ction made ( unclean  
bea/s1 did n "n ^! s be=e ! flood by    
anticipation3 :e!r ?is di/9ction be=e ! 
flood1 7 n only 9 reg>d ( sacrifices1 z 
t deliv]$ aft] 0 9 reg>d ( food3 7= _m 7
 clean = food1 :i* 7 unclean =          
sacrifice7 or :e!r ! d5om9ation 7 b     
comp>ative1 & ( bea/s less commodi\s =  
food1 al?\gh n simply bad1 is n yet     
resolv$4  ,& z = ! same di/9ction 9 ! "t
 ( ,moses1 long aft] ! flood1 f !nce we 
hold no re/riction1 z be+ no rule unto  

,nations beside ! ,jews 9 dietetical    
consid]ation1 or natural *oice ( diet1  
!y be+ enjoyn$ or prohibit$ c]ta9 foods 
^u remote & secret int5tions4           
,especially !reby to avoid community ) !
 ,g5tiles ^u promiscu\s comm5sality3 or 
to div]t !m f ! ,idolatry ( ,egypt :5ce 
!y came1 !y 7 enjoyn$ to eat ! ,gods (  
,egypt 9 ! food ( ,%eep & ,ox54 ,)all 9 
?is di/9ction ( ,animals ! consid]ation 
0 hi]oglyphical2 9 ! bosom & inw>d s5se 
imply+ an ab/95ce f c]ta9 vices         
symbolically intimat$ f ! nature ( ^?   
animals2 z may be well made out 9 !     
prohibit$ meat ( ,sw9e1 ,cony1 ,owl1 &  
_m m4  ,at lea/ ! int5tion 0 n m$ical1  
or su* z might oblige unto con=mity or  
imitation2 ,= "s we refra9 :i* t ,law   
all[e?1 z ,locu/s & _m o!rs2 & "s x     
prohibite?1 :i* are acc\nt$ good meat 9 
/rict & ,m$ical c5sure3 z 7beside _m    
fi%es :i* h n f9ns & scales17 ! ,sw9e1  
,cony & ,h>e1 a da9ty di% ) ! ,anci5ts2 
z is deliv]$ by ,gal51 te/ifi$ by       
,m>tial ,,sn3 ,int] quadrup$es mattya   

prima ,lepus41 z ! popul> op9ion impli$1
 t m5 grew fair by ! fle% !re(3 by !    
diet ( ,cato1 t is ,h>e & ,cabbage2 & ! 
,jus nigrum1 or ,black broa? ( !        
,sp>tans1 :i* 0 made ) ! blood & b[els (
 an ,h>e4  ,& if we take a view ( o!r   
,nations1 we %all discov] t !y refra9$  
_m meats ^u ! l consid]ations4 ,= 9 "s !
 ab/95ce 0 symbolical2 s ,py?agoras     
enjoyn$ ab/95ce f fi%3 t is1 luxuri\s & 
da9ty di%es2 ,s accord+ to ,h]odotus1 "s
 ,egyptians refra9$ sw9es fle%1 z an    
impure & sordid animal3 :i* :oev] b     
t\*$1 0 fa9 to wa% himself4  ,"s ab/a9$ 
sup]/iti\sly or ^u religi\s             
consid]ation3 ,s ! ,syrians refra9$ ,fi%
 & ,pigeons2 ! ,egyptians ( old1 ,dogs1 
,eeles & ,crocodiles2 ?\gh ,leo         
,africanus deliv]s1 t _m ( late1 d eat  
!m ) good gu/3 & ,h]odotus also         
affirme?1 t ! ,egyptians ( ,elephant9a  
7unto :om !y 7 n sacr$17 did eat !re( 9 
eld] times3 & ,writ]s te/ify1 t !y are  
eat5 at ?is day 9 ,india & ,am]ica4 ,&  
s1 z ,cs> reports1 ,,sn3 ,lib4 #c4 de   

bello ,gall4 unto ! anci5t ,brita9s x 0 
piacul\s to ta/ a ,goose1 :i* di% at    
pres5t no table is )\t4  ,unto "s       
,nations ! ab/95ce 0 political & = "s   
civil advantage3 ,s ! ,!ssalians refra9$
 ,/orks1 because !y de/roy$ _! ,s]p5ts2 
& ! l 9 sundry animals is obs]vable 9   
o!r ,nations4  ,& "u all ^!             
consid]ations 7 "s animals refra9$3 s ! 
,jews ab/a9$ f sw9e at fir/             
symbolically1 z an ,emblem ( impurity2 &
 n = fe> ( ! ,leprosie1 z ,tacitus w\ld 
put ^u !m4 ,! ,cretians sup]/iti\sly1 ^u
 tradition t ,jupit] 0 suckl$ 9 t       
c\ntrey by a ,s[4 ,"s ,egyptians        
politically1 because !y supply$ ! lab\r 
( pl[+ by root+ up ! gr\nd4 ,& ^u l     
consid]ations p]haps ! ,phnicians &     
,syrians f$ n on ?is ,animal3 & z       
,sol9us reports1 ! ,arabians also &     
,indians4 ,a great "p ( mank9d refra9+  
"o ( ! be/ foods1 & su* z ,py?agoras    
himself w\ld eat2 :o1 z ,ari/ox5us      
records ,,sn3 ,aul4 ,gell4 lib4 #d41    
refus$ n to fe$ on ,pigs4  ,sid5ote3    

,c]ta9 di%es 9 great reque/ ) !         
,anci5ts1 n s mu* e/eem$ n[4  ,moreov]  
:ile we s+le out sev]al di%es & reject  
o!rs1 ! selection seems b arbitr>y1 or  
^u op9ion2 = _m are comm5d$ & cry$ up 9 
"o age1 :i* are decry$ & nauseat$ 9     
ano!r4 ,?us 9 ! dayes ( ,mec5as1 no fle%
 0 pref]r$ be=e "y ,asses2 :i* not)/&+  
became abom9able unto succe$+ appetites4
 ,at ! table ( ,heliogabalus ! combs (  
,cocks 7 an e/eem$ s]vice2 :i* c\ntry   
/omacks w n admit at ours4 ,! ,sum5 or  
belly & dugs ( sw9e ) ,pig1 & sometimes 
beat5 & bruis$ unto dea?3 ! womb ( !    
same ,animal1 especially t 0 b>r51 or   
else _h ca/ h] "y ones1 ?\gh a t\gh &   
membran\s "p1 0 magnifi$ by ,roman      
,palats2 :]eunto nev]!less we _c p]swade
 our /omacks4 ,h[ ,alec1 ,muria1 &      
,g>um1 w\ld hum\r our gu/ ,i "k n2 b    
surely few !re are t c\ld delight 9 _!  
,cyceon2 t is1 ! common draught (       
,honey1 ,*eese1 p>*t ,b>ley-fl[]1 ,oyl &
 ,w9e2 :i* not)/&+ 0 comm5d$ mixture1 & 
9 high e/eem among !m4 ,we mortifie our 

selves ) ! diet ( fi%1 & ?9k we f>e     
c\rsly if we refra9 f ! fle% ( o!r      
animals4 ,b antiquity held ano!r op9ion 
h]e(3 ,:5 ,py?agoras 9 prev5tion (      
luxury advis$1 n s mu* z to ta/ on fi%4 
,s9ce ! ,rhodians 7 wont to call !m     
cl[ns t eat fle%3 & s9ce ,plato to      
evid5ce ! temp]ance ( ! noble ,greeks   
be=e ,troy1 obs]v$1 t x 0 n f\nd !y f$  
on fi%1 ?\gh !y lay s long ne> !        
,hellespont,,sn3 ,odyss4 #d42 & 0 only  
obs]v$ 9 ! companions ( ,m5elaus1 t be+ 
almo/ />v$1 betook !mselves to fi%+ ab\t
 ,ph>os4  ,nor w 7,i fe>7 ! atte/ or    
prescript ( ,philosoph]s & ,physitians1 
be a suffici5t gr\nd to confirm or      
w>rant common practice1 z is d$ucible f 
anci5t ,writ]s1 f ,hippocrates1 ,gal51  
,simeon1 ,se?i3 & ! lat] tracts (       
,nonnus ,,sn3 ,non de re cib>ia4 &      
,ca/ellanus4 ,,sn3 ,ca/4 de esu c>nium4 
,s ,ari/otle & ,alb]tus comm5d ! fle% ( 
"y ,hawks3 ,gal5 ,,sn3 ,gal4 ,alim4 fac4
 lib4 #c4 :5 !y fe$ on ,grapes3 b       
condemne? ,quails1 & ranke? ,geese b )  

,o/ri*es2 :i* not)/&+1 pres5t practice &
 e table extolle?4 ,m5 ?9k !y h f>$     
h>dly1 if 9 times ( extremity !y h      
desc5d$ s l[ z ,dogs3 b ,gal5 deliv]e?  
,,sn3 ,gal4 ,simpl4 fac4 lib4 #c4 7 !   
food ( _m ,nations3 & ,hippocrates ,,sn3
 ,hip4 de morbis de sup]fit4 ranke? !   
fle% ( ,:elps ) t ( ,birds3 :o also     
comm5ds !m aga9/ ! ,sple51 & to promote 
conception4 ,! op9ion 9 ,gal5s "t1 :i*  
,pl9y also foll[e?1 deeply condemn$     
,horse-fle%1 & conceiv$ ! v blood !re(  
de/ructive2 b no diet is m common among 
! ,t>t>s1 :o also dr9k _! blood4 ,& ?\gh
 ?is may only seem an adv5ture ( ,nor!rn
 /omacks1 yet z ,h]odotus tells u1 9 !  
hott] clime ( ,p]sia1 ! same 0 a        
convivial di%1 & solemnly eat5 at !     
fea/s ( _! nativities3 :]eat !y dress$  
:ole ,horses1 ,camels & ,asses2 contemn+
 ! ,pov]ty ( ,grecian fea/s1 z          
unfurni%'d ( di%es suffici5t to fill !  
bellies ( _! gue/s4  ,aga91 ,:ile we    
conf9e our diet 9 sev]al places1 all ?+s
 almo/ are eat51 if we take 9 ! :ole    

e>?3 = t :i* is refus$ 9 "o c\ntry1 is  
accept$ 9 ano!r1 & 9 ! collective       
judgm5t ( ! _w1 p>ticul> di/9ctions are 
ov]?r[n4 ,?us 7 x n h>d to %ew1 t       
,tig]s1 ,elephants1 ,camels1 ,mice1     
,bats & o!rs1 are ! food ( sev]al       
c\ntries2 & ,l]ius ) o!rs deliv]s1 t "s 
,am]icans eat ( all k9ds1 n refra9+     
,toads & ,s]p5ts3 & "s h run s high1 z n
 to sp>e ! fle% ( man3 a practise       
inexcusable1 nor to be drawn into       
example1 a diet beyond ! rule & l>ge/   
indulg5ce ( ,god4  ,z = ! objection     
aga9/ bea/s & birds ( prey1 x acquitte? 
n our practice1 :o obs]ve n ?is         
di/9ction 9 fi%es3 nor reg>d ! same 9   
our diet ( ,pikes1 ,p]*es & ,eels2 ,nor 
are we excus$ h]e91 if we exam9e !      
/omacks ( ,mack]els1 ,cods1 & ,:it+s4   
,nor is ! f\lness ( food suffici5t to   
ju/ifie our *oice2 = 7beside t _!       
natural heat is able to conv]t ! same   
into laudable alim5t7 we refuse n _m ^: 
diet is m impure !n "s :i* we reject2 z 
may be consid]$ 9 hogs1 ducks1 puets1 & 

_m m4  ,?us we p]ceive ! practice ( diet
 do? hold no c]ta9 c\rse1 nor solid rule
 ( selection or conf9em5t2 ,"s 9 an     
indi/9ct voracity eat+ almo/ any1 o!rs  
out ( a timor\s pre-op9ion1 refra9+ v   
_m4 ,:]e9 inde$ necessity1 reason &     
,physick1 are ! be/ det]m9ators4 ,surely
 _m animals may be f$ on1 l _m plants2  
?\gh n 9 alim5tal1 yet m$ical           
consid]ations3 ,:]eas hav+ rais$        
,antipa?ies by prejudgem5t or education1
 we (t5 nauseate prop] meats1 & abhor t 
diet :i* disease or temp] require?4     
,sid5ote3 ,a problem4   ,n[ :e!r x 7 n  
be/ to con=m unto ! simple diet ( our   
=e-fa!rs2 :e!r pure & simple wat]s 7 n m
 heal?full !n f]m5t$ liquors2 :e!r !re  
be n an ample suffici5cy )\t all fle%1 9
 ! food ( honey1 oyl1 & ! sev]al p>ts ( 
milk3 9 ! v>iety ( gra9s1 pulses1 & all 
sorts ( fruits2 s9ce ei!r bread or      
bev]age may be made almo/ ( all8 :e!r   
nations h rightly conf9$ unto sev]al    
meats8 or :e!r ! common food ( "o       
c\ntrey be n m agreeable unto ano!r8 h[ 

indi/9ctly all temp]s apply unto ! same1
 & h[ ! diet ( y\? & old age is         
conf\nd$3 7 consid]ations mu* conc]n+   
heal?1 & might prolong our days1 b mu/ n
 ?is disc\rse4                          
,,*apt] ,,xxvi                 ,(       
,sp]ma-,ceti1 & ! ,sp]ma-,ceti ,:ale4   
,:at ,sp]ma-,ceti is1 m5 might ju/ly    
d\bt1 s9ce ! le>n$ ,h(mannus 9 8 "w (   
,?irty ye>s1 ,,sn3 ,de m$icam5tis (fic94
 sai? pla9ly1 ,nescio quid sit4 ,& !re=e
 ne$ n wond] at ! v>iety ( op9ions2 :ile
 "s conceiv$ x to be flos m>is1 & _m1 a 
bitum9\s sub/ance float+ ^u ! sea4  ,t x
 0 n ! spawn ( ! ,:ale1 accord+ to vulg>
 conceit1 or nom9al appellation         
,phylosoph]s h always d\bt$1 n easily   
conceiv+ ! ,sem9al hum\r ( ,animals1    
%\ld be inflamable2 or ( a float+       
nature4  ,t x proce$e? f a ,:ale1 beside
 ! relation ( ,clusius & o!r le>n$      
obs]v]s1 0 indubitably det]m9$1 n _m    
ye>s s9ce by a ,sp]ma-,ceti ,:ale1 ca/  
on our coa/ ( ,norfolk ,,sn3 ,ne>       
,wells44 ,:i*1 to lead on fur!r inquiry1

 we _c omit to in=m4 ,x conta9$ no less 
!n sixty foot 9 l5g?1 ! head some:at    
peculi>1 ) a l>ge prom95cy ov] ! m\?2   
tee? only 9 ! l[] ,jaw1 receiv$ into    
fle%ly sockets 9 ! upp]4 ,! ,weight ( ! 
l>ge/ ab\t two p\nd3 ,no gri/ly         
sub/ances 9 ! m\?1 commonly call$       
,:ale-bones2 ,only two %ort f9ns seat$  
=w>dly on ! back2 ! eyes b small1 !     
pizell l>ge1 & prom95t4 ,a less] ,:ale (
 ?is k9d above tw5ty ye>s ago1 0 ca/ ^u 
! same %ore4 ,,sn3 ,ne> ,hun/anton4   ,!
 discription ( ?is ,:ale seems omitt$ by
 ,gesn]1 ,rondeletius1 & ! fir/         
,editions ( ,aldrov&us2 b describe? !   
lat9 impression ( ,p>eus1 9 ! ,exoticks 
( ,clusius1 & ! natural hi/ory (        
,niremb]gius2 b m amply 9 ,icons &      
figures ( ,john/onus4  ,m>9]s 7:o are n 
! be/ ,nom5clators7 call$ x a ,jub>tas1 
or r ,gibb>tas4 ,( ! same appellation we
 meet ) "o 9 ,rondeletius1 call$ by !   
,fr5* ,gibb>1 f its r\nd & ,gibb\s back4
 ,! "n ,gibb>ta we f9d also giv5 unto "o
 k9d ( ,gre5l& ,:ales3 ,b ?is ( ours    

seem$ n to answ] ! ,:ale ( t d5om9ation2
 b 0 m agreeable unto ! ,trumpa or      
,sp]ma-,ceti ,:ale3 accord+ to ! acc\nt 
( our ,gre5l& describ]s 9 ,pur*as4 ,&   
make? ! ?ird among ! eight rem>kable    
,:ales ( t ,coa/4  ,out ( ! head ( ?is  
,:ale1 hav+ be5 dead div]s days1 & "u   
putrifaction1 fl[$ /reams ( oyl &       
,sp]ma-,ceti2 :i* 0 c>efully tak5 up &  
pres]v$ by ! ,coa/]s4 ,b ^u break+ up1 !
 ,magaz9 ( ,sp]ma-,ceti1 0 f\nd 9 ! head
 ly+ 9 folds & c\rses1 9 ! bigness (    
goose eggs1 encompass$ ) l>ge flakie    
sub/ances1 z l>ge z a mans head1 9 =m ( 
hony-combs1 v :ite & full ( oyl4  ,"s   
resemblance or trace h]e( !re seems to  
be 9 ! ,physit] or ,capidolio (         
,rondeletius2 :ile he deliv]s1 t a      
fatness m liquid !n oyl1 runs f ! bra9 (
 t animal2 :i* be+ out1 ! ,reliques are 
l ! scales ( ,s>d9os press$ into a mass2
 :i* melt+ ) heat1 are aga9 concret$ by 
cold4 ,& ?is _m conceive to h be5 ! fi% 
:i* swall[$ ,jonas4 ,al?\gh = ! l>g5ess 
( ! m\?1 & frequ5cy 9 ^? seas1 x may    

possibly be ! ,lamia4  ,"s "p ( !       
,sp]ma-,ceti f\nd on ! %ore 0 pure1 &   
ne$$ little depuration2 a great "p mix$ 
) fetid oyl1 ne$+ good prep>ation1 &    
frequ5t expression1 to br+ x to a flakie
 consi/5cy4 ,& n only ! head1 b o!r p>ts
 conta9$ x4 ,= ! c>n\s p>ts be+ roa/$1 !
 oyl dropp$ out1 an axungi\s & ?ick]    
p>ts subsid+2 ! oyl x self conta9$ also 
mu* 9 x1 & /ill aft] _m ye>s "s is      
obta9$ f x4  ,gre5l& ,enquir]s seldom   
meet ) a ,:ale ( ?is k9d3 & !re=e x is b
 a cont+5t ,commodity1 n rep>able f any 
o!r4 ,x flame? :ite & c&5t l ,camphire1 
b dissolve? n 9 aqua =tis1 l x4 ,"s     
lumps conta9+ ab\t two ounces1 kept ev] 
s9ce 9 wat]1 af=d a fre% & floscul\s    
smell4 ,well prep>$ & sep>at$ f ! oyl1 x
 is ( a sub/ance unlikely to decay1 &   
may out la/ ! oyl requir$ 9 !           
,composition ( ,ma?iolus4  ,( ! l>ge    
quantity ( oyl1 :at fir/ came =? by     
expression f ! ,sp]ma-,ceti1 grew v :ite
 & cle>1 l t ( ,almonds or ,b54 ,:at    
came by decoction 0 r$4 ,x 0 f\nd to    

sp5d mu* 9 ! vessels :i* conta9$ x3 ,x  
freeze? or coagulate? quickly ) cold1 & 
! new] soone/4 ,x seems diff]5t f ! oyl 
( any o!r animal1 & v mu* fru/rat$ !    
expectation ( our soap-boyl]s1 z n      
incorporat+ or m+l+ ) _! lyes4 ,b x     
mixe? well ) pa9t+ ,col\rs1 ?\gh h>dly  
drie? at all4 ,comb]s ( wooll made use  
h]e(1 & ,c\ntry p = cuts1 a*es & h>d    
tumors4 ,x may prove ( good ,m$ical use2
 & s]ve = a gr\nd 9 comp\nd$ oyls &     
,balsams4 ,di/ill$1 x af=ds a /rong oyl1
 ) a quick & pi]c+ wat]4 ,^u            
,evaporation x gives a balsame1 :i* is  
bett] p]=m$ ) ,turp5t9e di/ill$ )       
,sp]ma-,ceti4  ,_h ! abom9able sc5t     
p]mitt$1 enquiry _h be5 made into t     
/range composure ( ! head1 & hillock (  
fle% ab\t x4 ,s9ce ! ,"w-m5 affirm$1 !y 
met ) ,sp]ma-,ceti be=e !y came to !    
bone1 & ! head yet pres]v$1 seems to    
confirm ! same4 ,! ,sph9ct]s ins]v+ unto
 ! ,fi/ula or sp\t1 might h be5 exam9$1 
s9ce !y are s notably contriv$ 9 o!r    
cetace\s ,animals2 z also ! ,l>ynx or   

,?rotle1 :e!r answ]able unto t (        
,dolph9s & ,porposes 9 ! /range         
composure & figure :i* x make?4 ,:at    
figure ! /omack ma9ta9$ 9 ?is ,animal ( 
"o jaw ( tee?1 s9ce 9 ,porposes1 :i*    
ab\nd 9 bo?1 ! v5tricle is trebly       
divid$1 & s9ce 9 t =m]ly tak5 no?+ 0    
f\nd b ,we$s & a ,loligo4 ,! he>t1      
lungs1 & kidneys _h n escap$2 :]e9 are  
rem>kable diff]5ces f ,animals ( ! l&1  
likewise :at humor ! bladd] conta9$1 b  
especially ! sem9al p>ts1 :i* might h   
det]m9$ ! diff]5ce ( t hum\r2 f ?is :i* 
be>e? its "n4  ,9 va9 x 0 to rake =     
,amb]greece 9 ! pan* ( ?is ,levia?an1 z 
,gre5l& discov]]s1 & atte/s ( exp]i5ce  
dictate1 t !y sometimes swall[ great    
lumps !re( 9 ! ,sea2 insuff]able fet\r  
d5y+ t enquiry4 ,& yet if1 z ,p>acelsus 
enc\rage?1 ,ordure makes ! be/ ,musk1 & 
f ! mo/ fetid sub/ances may be drawn !  
mo/ odorif]\s ,ess5ces2 all t _h n      
,vespasians ,nose ,,sn3 ,cui dulcis odor
 lucri ex re qualibet41 might boldly    
swe>1 "h 0 a subject fit = su*          

extractions4                            
,,*apt] ,,xxvii                         
,comp5di\sly ( sundry ,t55ts conc]n+    
o!r ,animals1 :i* exam9$1 prove         
ei!r false or dubi\s4   #a4 ,& fir/ f   
great ,antiquity1 & be=e ! ,melody (    
,syr5s1 ! ,musical note ( ,swans ha? be5
 comm5d$1 & t !y s+ mo/ sweetly be=e _! 
dea?4 ,= ?us we read 9 ,plato1 t f !    
op9ion ( ,metempsu*osis1 or             
transmigration ( ! s\ls ( m5 into !     
bodies ( bea/s mo/ sutable unto _!      
humane condition1 aft] 8 dea?1 ,orpheus 
! ,musician became a ,swan4 ,?us 0 x !  
bird ( ,apollo ! god ( ,musick by !     
,greeks2 & an ,hi]oglyphick ( musick    
among ! ,egyptians1 f :om ! ,greeks     
d]iv$ ! conception2 ha? be5 !           
affirmation ( _m ,lat9es1 & ha? n want$ 
ass]tors almo/ f e ,nation4  ,sid5ote3  
,( swans1 & _! s++ be=e dea?4  ,all :i* 
not)/&+1 we f9d ?is relation d\btfully  
receiv$ by lian1 z an he>-say acc\nt by 
,bellonius1 z a false "o by ,pl9y1      
expresly refut$ by ,myndius 9 ,a!nu2 &  

sev]ely reject$ by ,scalig]2 ^: words   
unto ,c>dan are ^!3 ,de ,cygni v]o cantu
 suavissimo quem cum p>5te m5daciorum   
,grcia jact>e ausus e/1 ad ,luciani     
tribunal1 apud quem novi aliquid dicas1 
/atuo4 ,au?ors also t c\nt5ance x1 speak
 n satisfactorily ( x4 ,"s affirm+ !y s+
 n till !y die2 "s t !y s+1 yet die n4  
,"s speak g5]ally1 z ?\gh ?is note 7 9  
all2 "s b p>ticul>ly1 z ?\gh x 7 only 9 
"s2 "s 9 places remote1 & :]e we c h no 
trial ( x2 o!rs 9 places :]e e exp]i5ce 
c refute x2 z ,aldrov&us ^u relation    
deliv]$1 conc]n+ ! ,musick ( ! ,swans on
 ! riv] ( ,?ames ne> ,london4  ,sid5ote3
 ,! figuration to be f\nd 9 ,elks1 & n 9
 common ,swans4  ,n[ t :i* c\nt5ance?1 &
 probably confirme? ?is op9ion1 is !    
/range & unusual con=mation ( ! w9d     
pipe1 or vocal organ 9 ?is animal2      
obs]v$ fir/ by ,aldrov&us1 & conceiv$ by
 "s contriv$ = ?is int5tion4 ,= 9 its   
l5g? x f> exce$e? ! gullet2 & ha? 9 !   
*e/ a s9u\s revolution1 t is1 :5 x      
arise? f ! lungs1 x asc5de? n directly  

unto ! ?roat1 b desc5d+ fir/ into a     
capsul>y reception ( ! brea/ bone2 by a 
,s]p5t9e & ,trumpet recurvation x       
asc5de? aga9 into ! neck2 & s by ! l5g? 
!re( a great quantity ( air is receiv$1 
& by ! figure !re( a ,musical modulation
 effect$4 ,b to speak indiff]5tly1 ?is  
=mation ( ! ,weazon1 is n peculi> unto !
 ,swan1 b common also unto ! ,platea or 
,%ovel>d1 a bird ( no ,musical ?roat2 ,&
 z ,aldrov&us confesse?1 may ?us be     
contriv$ 9 ! ,swan to conta9 a l>g] /ock
 ( air1 :]eby be+ to fe$ on we$s at !   
bottom1 !y might ! long] space deta9 _! 
heads "u wat]4 ,b 7 ?is =mation peculi>1
 or _h !y unto ?is effect an advantage f
 ?is "p3 yet h !y a kn[n & op5          
disadvantage f ano!r2 t is1 a flat bill4
 ,= no ,latiro/r\s animal 7:]e(         
nev]!less !re are no sl5d] numb]s7 7 ev]
 comm5d$ = !re note1 or acc\nt$ among ^?
 animals :i* h be5 in/ruct$ to speak4   
,:5 !re=e we consid] ! diss5tion (      
,au?ors1 ! falsity ( relations1 !       
indisposition ( ! ,organs1 & ! immusical

 note ( all we ev] beheld or he>d (2 if 
g5]ally tak5 & compreh5d+ all ,swans1 or
 ( all places1 we _c ass5t !reto4       
,surely he t is bit ) a ,t>antula1 %all 
nev] be cur$ by ?is ,musick2 & ) ! same 
hopes we expect to he> ! h>mony ( !     
,sph]es4  ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,peacock4  #b4 
,t !re is a special propriety 9 ! fle% (
 ,peacocks1 roa/ or boil$1 to pres]ve a 
long "t incorrupt$1 ha? be5 ! ass]tion (
 _m2 /&s yet confirm$ by ,au/91 ,de     
,civitate ,dei2 by ,gygas ,sempronius1 9
 ,aldrov&us2 & ! same exp]im5t we c     
confirm our selves1 9 ! brawn or fle%ly 
p>ts ( ,peacoks s hang$ up ) ?r$1 t !y  
t\* no place :]eby to contract a        
moi/ure2 & h]e( we h made trial bo? 9   
summ] & w9t]4 ,! reason1 "s1 ,i p]ceive1
 attempt to make out f ! siccity &      
dr9ess ( its fle%1 & "s are cont5t to   
re/ 9 a secret propriety !re(4 ,z = !   
siccity ( ! fle%1 x is m rem>kable 9 o!r
 animals1 z ,eagles1 ,hawks1 & birds (  
prey2 ,t x is a propriety or agreeable  
unto none o!r1 we _c ) reason admit3 = !

 same pres]vation1 or r incorruption we 
h obs]v$ 9 ! fle% ( ,turkeys1 ,capons1  
,h>es1 ,p>tridge1 ,v5ison1 susp5d$      
freely 9 ! air1 & aft] a ye> & a half1  
dogs h n refus$ to eat !m4  ,z = ! o!r  
conceit1 t a ,peacok is a%am$ :5 he     
looks on 8 legs1 z is commonly held1 &  
also deliv]$ by ,c>dan2 beside :at ha?  
be5 said aga9/ x by ,scalig]2 let !m    
believe t hold specificial de=mities2 or
 t any "p c seem unh&some to _! eyes1   
:i* ha? appe>$ good & beautiful unto _! 
mak]s4 ,! occasion ( ?is conceit1 might 
fir/ arise f a common obs]vation1 t :5  
!y are 9 _! pride1 t is1 advance _!     
tra91 if !y decl9e _! neck to ! gr\nd1  
!y pres5tly demit1 & let fall ! same3   
:i* inde$ !y _c o!rwise d2 = contract+  
_! body1 & be+ =c$ to draw 9 _! =ep>ts  
to e/abli% ! h9d] 9 ! elevation ( !     
tra92 if ! =ep>ts dep>t & incl9e to !   
gr\nd1 ! h9d] gr[ too weak1 & suff] !   
tra9 to fall4 ,& ! same 9 "s degree is  
also obs]vable 9 ,turkeys4  ,sid5ote3 ,(
 ! ,/ork4  #c4 ,t ,/orks are to be f\nd1

 & w only live 9 ,republikes or free    
,/ates1 is a petty conceit to advance ! 
op9ion ( popul> policies1 & f           
,antipa?ies 9 nature1 to disp>age       
,mon>*ical gov]nm5t4 ,b h[ f> agreeable 
unto tru?1 let !m consid] :o read 9     
,pl9y1 t among ! ,!ssalians :o 7 gov]n$ 
by ,k+s1 & mu* ab\nd$ ) ,s]p5ts1 x 0 no 
less !n capital to kill a ,/ork4 ,t !   
,anci5t ,egyptians hon\r$ !m1 ^:        
gov]nm5t 0 f all times ,mon>*ical4 ,t   
,bellonius affirme?1 m5 make !m ne/s 9  
,france4 ,t relations make !m common 9  
,p]sia1 & ! dom9ions ( ! great ,turk4 ,&
 la/ly1 h[ ,j]emy ! ,prophet deliv]$    
himself ,,sn3 ,i]4 #h4 #g4 unto 8       
c\ntreym51 ^: gov]nm5t 0 at t "t        
,mon>*ical4 ,! ,/ork 9 ! heav5 kn[+ h]  
appo9t$ "t1 ! ,turtle1 ,crane & ,swall[ 
obs]ve ! "t ( _! com+1 b my p "k n !    
judgm5t ( ! ,"l4 ,:]e9 to exprobate _!  
/upidity1 he induce? ! provid5ce (      
,/orks4 ,n[ if ! bird _h be5 unkn[n1 !  
illu/ration _h be5 obscure1 & !         
exprobation n s prop]4  ,sid5ote3 ,( !  

,bittor4  #d4 ,t a ,bittor make? t      
mugi5t noise1 or z we t]m x ,bump+1 by  
putt+ its bill into a re$ z mo/ believe1
 or z ,bellonius & ,aldrov&us conceive1 
by putt+ ! same 9 wat] or mud1 & aft] a 
:ile reta9+ ! air by sudd5ly exclud+ x  
aga91 is n s easily made out4 ,= my own 
"p1 ?\gh aft] dilig5t enquiry1 ,i c\ld  
nev] behold !m 9 ?is motion2 ,not)/&+ by
 o!rs ^: obs]vations we h expressly     
reque/$1 we are in=m$1 t "s h beheld !m 
mak+ ?is noise on ! %ore1 _! bills be+  
f> en\gh remov$ f re$ or wat]2 t is1    
fir/ /rongly attract+ ! air1 & unto a   
manife/ di/5tion ( ! neck1 & pres5tly   
aft] ) great cont5tion & viol5ce exclud+
 ! same aga94 ,z = :at o!rs affirm (    
putt+ _! bill 9 wat] or mud1 x is also  
h>d to make out4 ,= :at may be obs]v$ f 
any t walke? ! ,f5s1 !re is little      
int]mission1 nor any obs]vable pawse1   
betwe5 ! draw+ 9 & s5d+ =? ( _! brea?4  
,& ! expiration or brea?+ =? do? n only 
produce a noise1 b ! inspiration or     
hail+ 9 ( ! air1 af=de? a s\nd t may be 

he>d almo/ a flight-%ot4  ,n[ ! reason (
 ?is /range & peculi> noise1 is d$uc$ f 
! con=mation ( ! w9d-pipe1 :i* 9 ?is    
bird is diff]5t f o!r volatiles4 ,= at !
 upp] extream x ha? no fit ,l>9x1 or    
?rottle to qualify ! s\nd1 & at ! o!r   
end1 by two bran*es d]ive? x self into !
 lungs4 ,:i* division consi/e? only (   
,semicircul> fib]s1 & su* z atta9 b half
 way r\nd ! "p2 ,by :i* =mation !y are  
dilatable into l>g] capacities1 & are   
able to conta9 a full] proportion ( air2
 :i* be+ ) viol5ce s5t up ! weazon1 &   
f9d+ no resi/ance by ! ,l>9x1 x issue?  
=? 9 a s\nd l t f cav]ns1 & su* z       
sometimes subt]rane\s eruptions1 f holl[
 rocks af=d4 ,z ,ari/otle obs]ve? 9 a   
,problem1 ,,sn3 ,sect4 #ae4 & is        
obs]vable 9 pit*]s1 bottles1 & t        
in/rum5t :i* ,apon5sis ^u t ,problem    
describe?1 :]e) 9 ,ari/otles "t ,g>d9]s 
affright$ birds4  ,:e!r ! l>ge p]=ations
 ( ! extremities ( ! weazon1 9 ! abdom51
 admitt+ l>ge quantity ( ayr )9 ! cavity
 ( its membrans1 z x do? 9 ,frogs2 may n

 mu* assi/ ?is mugi5cy or boation1 may  
also be consid]$4 ,= su* z h beheld !m  
mak+ ?is noise out ( ! wat]1 obs]ve a   
l>ge di/5tion 9 _! bodies2 & _! ord9>y  
note is b l t ( a ,rav54  ,sid5ote3 ,(  
,:elps4  #e4 ,t :elps are bl9d n9e days 
& !n beg9 to see1 is ! common op9ion (  
all1 & "s w be apt en\gh to desc5d unto 
oa?s ^u x4 ,b ?is ,i f9d n answ]able    
unto exp]i5ce1 = ^u a /rict obs]vation (
 _m1 ,i h sc>ce f\nd any t see ! n9?    
day1 few be=e ! twelf?1 & ! eyes ( "s n 
op5 be=e ! f\rte5? day4 ,& ?is is       
agreeable unto ! det]m9ation (          
,ari/otle3 :o compute? ! "t ( _! anopsie
 or non-vision by t ( _! ge/ation4 ,=   
"s1 sai? he1 d g ) _! "y ! sixt "p ( a  
ye>1 two days ov] or "u1 t is1 ab\t     
sixty days or n9e weeks2 & ! :elps ( ^! 
see n till twelve days4 ,"s g ! fif? "p 
( a ye>1 t is1 sev5ty-"o days1 & ^!1    
sai? he1 see n be=e ! f\rte5? day4 ,o!rs
 d g ! f\r? "p ( ! ye>1 t is1 ?ree :ole 
mon?s1 & ^!1 sai? he1 are )\t sight no  
less !n sev5te5 days4 ,:]e9 al?\gh !    

acc\nts be diff]5t1 yet do? ! lea/ !re( 
exce$ ! t]m ( n9e days1 :i* is s g5]ally
 receiv$4 ,& ?is compute ( ,ari/otle do?
 g5]ally ov]?r[ ! common cause alleadg$ 
= ?is effect1 t is1 a precipitation or  
ov]-ha/y exclusion be=e ! bir? be       
p]fect1 accord+ unto ! vulg> ,adage1    
,fe/9ans canis ccos p>it catulos3 = h]e9
 ! :elps ( longe/ ge/ation1 are also !  
late/ 9 vision4 ,! mann] h]e( is ?is4   
,at ! fir/ litt]+1 _! eyes are fa/ly    
clos$1 t is1 by coalition or jo9+ toge!r
 ( ! eyelids1 & s cont9ue untill ab\t ! 
twelf? day2 at :i* "t !y beg9 to        
sep>ate1 & may be easily divell$ or p>t$
 asund]2 !y op5 at ! inw>d ,can?is or   
great] ,angle ( ! eye1 & s by degrees   
dilate !mselves q op54 ,an effect v     
/range1 & ! cause ( mu* obscurity1 :]e9 
z yet m5s enquiries are bl9d1 &         
satisfaction n easily acquirable4 ,:at  
ev] x be1 ?us mu* may we obs]ve1 ^?     
animals are only exclud$ )\t sight1 :i* 
are multip>\s & multifid\s1 t is1 :i* h 
_m at a litt]1 & h also _! feet divid$  

into _m portions4 ,= ! ,sw9e1 al?\gh    
multip>\s1 yet be+ bisulc\s1 & only     
clov5 ho($1 is n exclud$ 9 ?is mann]1 b 
f>r[$ ) op5 eyes1 z o!r bisulc\s        
animals4  ,sid5ote3 ,( a ,toad & a      
,spid]4  #f4 ,! ,antipa?y betwe5 a ,toad
 & a ,spid]1 & t !y poison\sly de/roy   
ea* o!r1 is v fam\s1 & solemn /ories h  
be5 writt5 ( _! combats2 :]e9 mo/       
commonly ! victory is giv5 unto !       
,spid]4 ,( :at ,toads & ,spid]s x is to 
be und]/ood w\ld be consid]$4 ,= !      
,phalangium & deadly ,spid]s1 are       
diff]5t f ^? we g5]ally behold 9 ,engl&4
 ,h[ev] ! v]ity h]e(1 z also ( _m o!rs1 
we _c b desire2 = h]eby we might be     
surely provid$ ( prop] ,antidotes 9     
cases :i* require !m2 ,b :at we h obs]v$
 h]e91 we _c 9 reason conceal2 :o hav+ 9
 a ,glass includ$ a ,toad ) sev]al      
,spid]s1 we beheld ! ,spid]s )\t        
resi/ance to sit ^u 8 head & pass ov]   
all 8 body2 :i* at la/ ^u advantage he  
swall[$ d[n1 & t 9 few h\rs1 unto !     
numb] ( sev54 ,& 9 ! l mann] w ,toads   

also s]ve ,bees1 & are acc\nt$ enemies  
unto _! ,hives4  ,sid5ote3 ,( a ,lion & 
a ,cock4  #g4 ,:e!r a ,lion be also     
afraid ( a ,cock1 z is relat$ by _m1 &  
believ$ by mo/1 7 v easie 9 "s places to
 make trial4 ,al?\gh h[ f> !y /& 9 fe> (
 t animal1 we may suffici5tly und]/&1 f 
:at is deliv]$ by ,cam]>ius1 ^: words 9 
8 ,symbola are ^!3 ,no/ris temporibus 9 
,aula s]5issimi ,pr9cipis ,bav>i1 unus  
ex ,leonibus miris saltibus 9 vic9am    
cujusdam domus aream sese dimisit1 ubi  
,gall9aceorum cantum aut clamores nihil 
re=midans1 ipsos un cum plurimis gall9is
 devoravit4 ,t is1 ,9 our "t 9 ! ,c\rt (
 ! ,pr9ce ( ,bav>ia1 "o ( ! ,lions leap$
 d[n into a ,neighb\rs y>d1 :]e no?+    
reg>d+ ! cr[+ or noise ( ! ,cocks1 he   
eat !m up ) _m o!r ,h5s4 ,& !re=e a v   
unsafe def5sative x is aga9/ ! fury (   
?is animal 7& surely no bett] !n        
,virg9ity or bl\d ,royal7 :i* ,pl9y,,sn3
 ,de sacrificiis et magia4 do? place 9  
,cock bro?3 ,= h]e)1 sai? he1 :oev] is  
ano9t$ 7especially if ,g>lick be boil$  

!re97 no ,lion or ,pan!r w t\* him4 ,b (
 an high] nature x 71 & m exalt$        
,antipa?y1 if t 7 c]ta9 :i* ,proclus    
deliv]s1 t sol>y ,dmons1 & su* z appe> 9
 ! %ape ( ,lions1 w disappe> & vani%1 if
 a ,cock be pres5t$ ^u !m4  #h4 ,x is   
g5]ally conceiv$1 an ,e>-wig ha? no     
,w+s1 & is reckon$ among/ imp5n\s       
insects by _m2 b he t %all n>r[ly obs]ve
 !m1 or %all ) a ne$le put aside ! %ort 
& %ea?y cases on _! back1 may ext5d &   
draw =? two w+s ( a proportionable l5g? 
= flight1 & l>g] !n 9 _m flies4 ,!      
exp]im5t ( ,p5nius is yet m p]fect1 :o )
 a ,ru% or ,bri/le s prick$ !m z to make
 !m flie4  ,sid5ote3 ,( ,worms4  #i4 ,t 
,worms are exangui\s ,animals1 & su* z h
 no bl\d at all1 is ! det]m9ation (     
,philosophy1 ! g5]al op9ion ( ,s*ol>s1 &
 ,i "k n well to diss5t f !nce my self4 
,if s1 surely we want a prop] t]m :]eby 
to express t hum\r 9 !m :i* s /rictly   
resemble? bl\d3 & we ref] x unto !      
disc]nm5t ( o!rs :at to det]m9e ( t r$ &
 sangu9e\s humor1 f\nd m pl5tifully ab\t

 ! ,torquis or c>ne\s ,circle ( great   
,worms 9 ! ,spr+1 af=d+ 9 ,l9n5 or ,pap]
 an indisc]nable t9cture f bl\d4 ,or    
:]e9 t diff]e? f a ve91 :i* 9 an app>5t 
blew runne? along ! body1 & if dext]\sly
 prick$ ) a lancet1 emitte? a r$ drop1  
:i* prick$ on ei!r side x w n readily   
af=d4  ,9 ! upp] p>ts ( ,worms1 !re are 
likewise f\nd c]ta9 :ite & oval         
,gl&ulosities1 :i* ,au?ors t]m ,eggs1 & 
9 magnify+ ,glasses1 !y also repres5t   
!m2 h[ prop]ly1 may also be enquir$2    
s9ce if 9 !m !re be di/9ction ( ,sexes1 
^! ,eggs are to be f\nd 9 bo?4 ,= 9 t   
:i* is presum$ to be _! coition1 t is1  
_! usual complication1 or lat]al        
adhesion above ! gr\nd1 divid+ sudd5ly )
 two ,knives ! adh]+ p>ts ( bo?1 ,i h   
f\nd ^! ,eggs 9 ei!r4  #aj4 ,t ,flies1  
,bees1 etc4 d make t noise or humm+ s\nd
 by _! m\?1 or z _m believe ) _! w+s    
only1 w\ld be m w>ily ass]t$1 if we     
consult$ ! det]m9ation ( ,ari/otle1 :o z
 9 sundry o!r places1 s m expresly 9 8  
book ( respiration1 affirme? ?is s\nd to

 be made by ! illision ( an inw>d _s ^u 
a pellicle or little membrane ab\t !    
prec9ct or pectoral division ( _! body4 
,if we also consid] t a ,bee or ,flie1 s
 x be able to move ! body1 w buz1 ?\gh  
its head be (f2 t x w d ! l if depriv$ (
 w+s1 res]v+ ! head1 :]eby ! body may be
 ! bett] mov$4 ,& t "s also :i* are big 
& lively w hum )\t ei!r head or w+4     
,nor is x only ! beat+ ^u ?is little    
membrane1 by ! inw>d & con-natural _s z 
,ari/otle det]m9es1 or ! outw>d air z   
,scalig] conceive?1 :i* af=de? ?is humm+
 noise1 b mo/ ( ! o!r p>ts may also     
concur h]eto2 z w be manife/1 if :ile !y
 hum we lay our f+] on ! back or o!r    
p>ts2 = !reupon w be felt a s]r\s or    
j>r+ motion l t :i* happ5e? :ile we bl[ 
on ! tee? ( a comb ?r\gh pap]2 & s if ! 
head or o!r p>ts ( ! trunk be t\*$ )    
oyl1 ! s\nd w be mu* impair$1 if n      
de/roy$3 = ^? be+ also dry & membran\s  
p>ts1 by attrition ( ! _s d help to     
advance ! noise3 ,& !re=e also ! s\nd is
 /ronge/ 9 dry wea!r1 & v weak 9 ra9y   

season1 & t[>d w9t]2 = !n ! air is moi/1
 & ! inw>d _s gr[+ weak1 makes a languid
 & dumb allision ^u ! p>ts4  ,sid5ote3  
,( a ,ta9ct4  #aa4 ,!re is f\nd 9 !     
,summ] a k9d ( ,spid] call$ a ,ta9ct1 ( 
a r$ col\r1 & s little ( body t t5 ( !  
l>ge/ w h>dly outway a gra92 ?is by     
,c\ntry p is acc\nt$ a deadly poison    
unto ,c[s & ,horses2 :o1 if !y sudd5ly  
die1 & swell !reon1 ascribe _! dea?     
h]eto1 & w commonly say1 !y h lick$ a   
,ta9ct4 ,n[ to satisfie ! d\bts ( m5 we 
h call$ ?is tradition unto exp]im5t2 we 
h giv5 h]e( unto ,dogs1 ,*ick5s1 ,calves
 & ,horses1 & n 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 yet    
nev] c\ld f9d ! lea/ di/urbance ensue4  
,!re mu/ be !re=e o!r causes enquir$ ( !
 sudd5 dea? & swell+ ( cattle2 & p]haps 
?is insect is mi/ak51 & unju/ly accus$ =
 "s o!r4 ,= "s !re are :i* f eld] times 
h be5 obs]v$ p]nici\s unto cattle1 z !  
,bupre/is or ,bur/c[1 ! ,pityocampe or  
,eruca ,p9uum1 by ,dioscorides1 ,gal5 & 
tius1 ! ,/aphil9us describ$ by ,ari/otle
 & o!rs1 or ^? r$ ,phalangi\s ,spid]s l 

,can?>ides m5tion$ by ,muffetas4 ,n[    
al?\gh ! animal may be mi/ak5 & ! op9ion
 also false1 yet 9 ! gr\nd & reason :i* 
makes m5 mo/ to d\bt ! v]ity h]e(1 !re  
may be tru? en\gh1 t is1 ! inconsid]able
 quantity ( ?is insect4 ,= t a poison _c
 de/roy 9 s small a bulk1 we h no reason
 to affirm4 ,= if1 z ,leo ,africanus    
reporte?1 ! t5? "p ( a gra9 ( ! poison (
 ,nubia,,sn3 granum ,nubi41 w dispat* a 
man 9 two h\rs2 if ! bite ( a ,vip] & /+
 ( a ,scorpion1 is n conceiv$ to imp>t s
 mu*2 if ! bite ( an ,asp w kill )9 an  
h\r1 yet ! impression sc>ce visible1 & !
 poison communicat$ n pond]able2 we _c z
 impossible reject ?is way ( de/ruction2
 or d5y ! p[] ( dea? 9 s n>r[ a         
circumscription4  ,sid5ote3 ,( !        
,gl[-worm4  #ab4 ,wondr\s ?+s are       
promis$ f ! ,gl[-worm2 f !nce p]petual  
lights are pret5d$1 & wat]s said to be  
di/ill$ :i* af=d a lu/re 9 ! night2 &   
?is is ass]t$ by ,c>dan1 ,alb]tus1      
,gaud5t9us1 ,mizaldus1 & _m m4 ,b h]eto 
we _c ) reason ass5t3 = ! light made by 

?is animal dep5ds mu* ^u its life4 ,= :5
 !y are dead !y %9e n1 nor alwaies :ile 
!y live2 b are obscure or light1 accord+
 to ! protrusion ( _! lum9\s p>ts1 z    
obs]vation w in/ruct u4 ,= ?is flamme\s 
light is n ov] all ! body1 b only       
visible on ! inw>d side2 9 a small :ite 
"p ne> ! tail4 ,:5 ?is is full & seeme? 
protrud$1 !re arise? a flame ( a circul>
 figure & ,em]ald gre5 col\r2 :i* is    
disc]nable 9 any d>k place 9 ! day2 b :5
 x falle? & seeme? contract$1 ! light   
disappe>e?1 & ! col\r ( ! "p only       
rema9e?4 ,n[ ?is light1 z x appe>e? &   
disappe>e? 9 _! life1 s do? x g q out at
 _! dea?4 ,z we h obs]v$ 9 "s1 :i*      
pres]v$ 9 fre% grass h liv$ & %9$       
eighte5 days2 b z !y decl9$1 & ! lum9\s 
humor dry$1 _! light grew languid1 & at 
la/ w5t out ) _! lives4 ,?us also !     
,torp$o1 :i* alive ha? a p[] to /upifie 
at a di/ance1 ha? none ^u contaction be+
 dead1 z ,gal5 & ,rondeletius p>ticul>ly
 exp]im5t$4 ,& ?is ha? also disappo9t$ !
 mis*ief ( ^? int5tions1 :i* /udy !     

advancem5t ( poisons2 & fancy de/ructive
 compositions f ,asps or ,vip]s tee?1 f 
,scorpions or ,hornet /+s4 ,= ^! omit _!
 efficacy 9 ! dea? ( ! individual1 & act
 b dep5dantly on _! =ms4 ,& ?us f> also 
^? ,philosoph]s concur ) u1 :i* held !  
,sun & ,/>s 7 liv+ creatures1 = !y      
conceiv$ _! lu/re dep5d$ on _! lives2 b 
if !y ev] di$1 _! light mu/ also p]i%4  
,x 7 a ,notable piece ( ,art to         
translate ! light f ! ,bononian ,/one   
into ano!r ,body2 he t w\ld attempt to  
make a %9+ ,wat] f ,gl[-worms1 mu/ make 
trial :5 ! ,spl5d5t "p is fre% & turgid4
 ,= ev5 f ! great ,am]ican ,gl[-worms1 &
 ,flam+ ,flies1 ! light decl9e? z !     
lum9\s humor drye?4  ,n[ :e!r ! light ( 
animals1 :i* d n occasionally %9e f     
cont+5t causes1 be ( ,k9 unto ! light ( 
,heav52 :e!r ! invisible flame ( life   
receiv$ 9 a conv5i5t matt]1 may n become
 visible1 & ! diffus$ !rial light make  
little ,/>s by conglobation 9 idone\s   
p>ts ( ! compositum3 :e!r also x may n h
 "s orig9al 9 ! se$ & _s analog\s unto !

 ,elem5t ( ,/>s1 :]e( "s glympse is     
obs]vable 9 ! little refulg5t humor1 at 
! fir/ attempts ( =mation3 ,philosophy  
may yet enquire4  ,true x is1 t a       
,gl[-worm w af=d a fa9t light1 almo/ a  
days space :5 _m w conceive x dead2 b   
?is is a mi/ake 9 ! compute ( dea?1 &   
t]m ( disanimation2 = inde$1 x is n !n  
dead1 b if x be di/5d$ w sl[ly contract 
x self aga91 :i* :5 x _c d1 x cease? to 
%9e any m4 ,& to speak /rictly1 x is no 
easie matt] to det]m9e ! po9t ( dea? 9  
,insects & ,creatures :o h n _!         
vitalities radically conf9$ unto "o "p2 
= !y are n dead :5 !y cease to move or  
af=d ! visible evid5ces ( life2 z may be
 obs]v$ 9 ,flies1 :o :5 !y appe> ev5    
desp]ate & q =sak5 ( _! =ms2 by v]tue ( 
! ,sun or w>m a%es w be revok$ unto     
life1 & p]=m its functions aga94  ,n[   
:e!r ?is lu/re1 a :ile rema9+ aft] dea?1
 dep5de? n /ill ^u ! fir/ impression1 & 
light communicat$ or rais$ f an inw>d   
_s1 subsi/+ a :ile 9 a moi/ & apt       
recipi5t1 nor long cont9u+ 9 ?is1 or ! m

 rem>kable ,indian ,gl[-worm2 or :e!r x 
be ( ano!r ,nature1 & proce$e? f diff]5t
 causes ( illum9ation2 yet s9ce x       
confess$ly subsi/e? s little a :ile aft]
 _! lives1 h[ to make p]petual lights1 &
 sublun>y moons !re( z is pret5d$1 we   
rationally d\bt1 ?\gh n s %>ply d5y1 )  
,scalig] & ,muffetus4  #ac4 ,! wisdom ( 
! ,pismire is magnifi$ by all1 & 9 !    
,panegyricks ( _! provid5ce we alwaies  
meet ) ?is1 t to prev5t ! gr[? ( ,corn  
:i* !y /ore up1 !y bite (f ! end !re(3  
,& "s h conceiv$ t f h5ce !y h _! "n 9  
,hebrew ,,sn3 ,nemalah  ,namal          
circumcidit43 ,f :5ce arise? a conceit t
 ,corn w n gr[ if ! extreams be cut or  
brok54 ,b h]e9 we f9d no security to    
prev5t its g]m9ation2 z hav+ made trial 
9 gra9s1 ^: ends cut (f h not)/&+       
sudd5ly spr\t$1 & accord+ly to ! ,law ( 
_! k9ds2 t is1 ! roots ( b>ley & oats at
 contr>y ends1 ( :eat & rye at ! same4  
,& !re=e "s h deliv]$ t aft] ra9y wea!r 
!y dry ^! gra9s 9 ! ,sun2 :i* if        
effectual1 we mu/ conceive to be made 9 

a high degree & above ! progression (   
,malt2 = t ,malt w gr[1 ?is ye> ha?     
in=m$ u1 & t unto a p]fect e>4          
,sid5ote3 ,a natural vicissitude (      
g5]ation 9 ,homog5e\s ?+s4  ,& if t be  
true :i* is deliv]$ by _m1 & we %all    
fur!r exp]im5t1 t a decoction (         
,toad-/ools if p\r$ ^u e>?1 w produce ! 
same aga93 ,if ,s[-?i/les w ab\nd 9     
places manur$ ) dung ( ,hogs1 :i* fe$s  
mu* ^u t plant3 ,if ,horse-dung         
reproduce? oats3 ,if w9ds & ra9s w      
transport ! sem9als ( plants2 x w n be  
easie to det]m9e :]e ! p[] ( g5]ation   
cease?4 ,! =ms ( ?+s may lie deep] !n we
 conceive !m2 sem9al pr9ciples may n be 
dead 9 ! divid$ atoms ( plants3 b w&]+ 9
 ! ocean ( nature1 :5 !y hit ^u         
proportionable mat]ials1 may unite1 &   
return to _! visible selves aga94  ,b ! 
prud5ce ( ?is ,animal is by knaw+1      
pi]c+1 or o!rwise1 to de/roy ! little   
nebbe or pr9ciple ( g]m9ation4 ,:i*     
not)/&+ is n easily discov]able2 x be+  
no ready bus9ess to meet ) su* gra9s 9  

,ant-hils2 & he mu/ dig deep1 t w seek  
!m 9 ! ,w9t]4                           
,,*apt] ,,xxviii                        
,( "s o!rs4   ,sid5ote3 ,( ! ,*ick54  ,t
 a ,*ick5 is =m$ out ( ! yelk ( ! ,egg1 
0 ! op9ion ( "s ,anci5t ,philosoph]s4   
,:e!r x be n ! nutrim5t ( ! ,pullet1 may
 also be consid]$3 ,s9ce umbilical      
vessels are c>ri$ unto x3 ,s9ce mu* ( ! 
yelk rema9e? aft] ! ,*ick5 is =m$3 ,s9ce
 9 a ,*ick5 newly hat*$1 ! /omack is    
t9ct$ yell[1 & ! belly full ( yelk1 :i* 
is drawn 9 at ! navel or vessels t[>ds !
 v5t1 z may be disc]n$ 9 ,*ick5s )9 a   
day or two be=e exclusion4  ,:e!r !     
,*ick5 be made out ( ! :ite1 or t be n  
also its alim5t1 is likewise v          
que/ionable3 ,s9ce an umbilical vessel  
is d]iv$ unto x3 ,s9ce aft] ! =mation & 
p]fect %ape ( ! ,*ick51 mu* ( ! :ite    
rema9e?4  ,:e!r x be n made out ( !     
gr&o1 gallature1 g]m or tr$ ( ! ,egg1 z1
 ,aquap5d5te in=me? u1 seem$ to _m (    
d\bt3 = at ! blunt] end x is n discov]$ 
aft] ! ,*ick5 is =m$2 by ?is also ! yelk

 & :ite are cont9u$1 :]eby x may        
conv5i5tly receive its nutrim5t f !m    
bo?4  ,n[ t f su* sl5d] mat]ials1 nature
 %\ld effect ?is production x is no m !n
 is obs]v$ 9 o!r animals2 & ev5 9 gra9s 
& k]nels1 ! greate/ "p is b ! nutrim5t (
 t g5]ative p>ticle1 s disproportionable
 unto x4  ,sid5ote3 ,( ,eggs4  ,a great]
 difficulty 9 ! doctr9e ( ,eggs1 is1 h[ 
! sp]m ( ! ,cock prolificates & makes ! 
oval conception fruitful1 or h[ x       
atta9e? unto e ,egg1 s9ce ! vitell>y or 
place ( ! yelk is v high3 ,s9ce ! ov>y  
or "p :]e ! :ite involve? x1 is 9 !     
second region ( ! matrix1 :i* is some:at
 long & inv]t$3 ,s9ce also a ,cock w 9  
"o day f]tilate ! :ole racemation or    
clu/] ( ,eggs1 :i* are n exclud$ 9 _m   
weeks aft]4  ,b ^! at la/1 & h[ 9 !     
,cicatricula or little pale circle      
=mation fir/ beg9ne?1 h[ ! ,gr&o or     
tr$le1 are b ! poles & e/abli%+ p>ticles
 ( ! t5d] membrans1 firmly cons]v+ !    
float+ p>ts1 9 _! prop] places1 ) _m o!r
 obs]vables1 t ocul> ,philosoph]1 &     

s+ul> disclos] ( tru?1 ,dr4 ,h>vey ha?  
discov]$1 9 t excell5t disc\rse (       
,g5]ation2 ,s /rongly erect$ ^u ! two   
great pill>s ( tru?1 exp]i5ce & solid   
reason4  ,t ! sex is disc]nable f !     
figure ( ,eggs1 or t ,cocks or ,h5s     
proce$ f long or r\nd ones1 z _m cont5d1
 exp]im5t w easily fru/rate4  ,!        
gyptians obs]v$ a bett] way to hat* _!  
,eggs 9 ,ov5s1 !n ! ,babylonians to roa/
 !m at ! bottom ( a sl+1 by sw++ !m r\nd
 ab\t1 till heat f motion _h concoct$   
!m2 = t confuse? all p>ts )\t any su*   
effect4  ,?\gh slight di/9ction be made 
betwe5 boil$ & roa/$ ,eggs1 yet is !re  
no sl5d] diff]5ce1 = ! "o is mu* dri] !n
 ! o!r3 ! ,egg expir+ less 9 ! elixation
 or boil+2 :]eas 9 ! assation or roa/+1 
x w sometimes abate a dragm2 t is1      
?reescore gra9s 9 weight4 ,s a new laid 
,egg w n s easily be boil$ h>d1 because 
x conta9s a great] /ock ( humid p>ts2   
:i* mu/ be evaporat$1 be=e ! heat c br+ 
! inexhalable p>ts into consi/5ce4  ,:y 
! ,h5 hat*e? n ! ,egg 9 h] belly1 or    

make? n at lea/ "s rudim5t !re( )9 h]   
self1 by ! natural heat ( inw>d p>ts1   
s9ce ! same is p]=m$ by incubation f an 
outw>d w>m? aft]8 ,:y ! ,egg is ?9n] at 
"o extream8 ,:y !re is "s cavity or     
empt9ess at ! blunt] end8 ,:y we op5 !m 
at t "p8 ,:y ! great] end is fir/       
exclud$8 ,:y "s ,eggs are all r$1 z !   
,ke/rils2 "s only r$ at "o end1 z ^? (  
,kites & ,buzz>ds8 :y "s ,eggs are n    
,oval b ,r\nd1 z ^? ( fi%es8 etc4 are   
problems1 ^: decisions w\ld too mu*     
enl>ge ?is disc\rse4  ,sid5ote3 ,(      
,snakes1 etc4  ,t ,snakes & ,vip]s d /+ 
or transmit _! mis*ief by ! tail1 is a  
common expression n easily to be        
ju/ifi$2 & a det]m9ation ( _! v5oms unto
 a "p1 :]e9 we c\ld nev] f9d x2 ! poison
 ly+ ab\t ! tee?1 & communicat$ by bite1
 9 su* are de/ructive4 ,& !re=e :5 bit+ 
,s]p5ts are m5tion$ 9 ! ,scripture1 !y  
are n diff]5tially set d[n f su* z      
mis*ief by /+s2 nor c conclusions be    
made con=mable to ?is op9ion1 because :5
 ! ,rod ( ,moses 0 turn$ into a ,s]p5t1 

,god det]m9ately comm&$ him to take up !
 same by ! tail4  ,nor are all ,snakes (
 su* empoison+ qualities1 z common      
op9ion presume?2 z is confirmable f !   
ord9>y gre5 ,snake ) u1 f sev]al        
hi/ories ( dome/ick ,snakes1 f          
,ophiophag\s nations1 & su* z fe$ ^u    
,s]p5ts4  ,surely ! de/ructive delusion 
( ,satan 9 ?is %ape1 ha? mu* enl>g$ !   
op9ion ( _! mis*ief4 ,:i* not)/&+ 0 n s 
high ) ! hea!ns1 9 :om ! ,devil _h      
wr\ght a bett] op9ion ( ?is animal1 x   
be+ sacr$ unto ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks &  
,romans1 & ! common symbole ( sanity4 ,9
 ! %ape :]e( sculapius ! ,god ( heal?   
appe>$ unto ! ,romans1 accompani$ _!    
,embassadors to ,rome f ,epidaurus2 & ! 
same did /& 9 ! ,tib]9e ,isle ^u !      
,temple ( sculapius4  ,"s d\bt _m h ( ! 
,t>antula1 or poison\s ,spid] (         
,calabria1 & t magical cure ( ! bite    
!re( by ,musick4 ,b s9ce we obs]ve t _m 
atte/ x f exp]i5ce3 ,s9ce ! le>n$       
,kir*]ius ha? positively av]r$ x1 & set 
d[n ! songs & tunes solemnly us$ = x2   

,s9ce "s also affirm ! ,t>antula x self 
w dance ^u c]ta9 /roaks1 :]eby !y set _!
 in/rum5ts aga9/ its poison2 we %all n  
at all "q x4  ,mu* wond] is made ( !    
,boramez1 t /range plant-animal or      
vegetable ,lamb ( ,t>t>y1 :i* ,wolves   
delight to fe$ on1 :i* ha? ! %ape ( a   
,lamb1 af=de? a bloody juyce ^u break+1 
& live? :ile ! plants be consum$ ab\t x4
 ,& yet if all ?is be no m1 !n ! %ape ( 
a ,lamb 9 ! fl[] or se$1 ^u ! top ( !   
/alk1 z we meet ) ! =ms ( ,bees1 ,flies 
& ,dogs 9 "s o!rs2 he ha? se5 no?+ t    
%all mu* wond] at x4  ,x may seem too   
h>d to "q ! swiftness ( ,tig]s1 :i* ha? 
!re=e giv5 names unto ,horses1 ,%ips &  
,riv]s1 nor c we d5y :at all h ?us      
affirm$2 yet _c b obs]ve1 t ,jacobus    
,bontius late ,physitian at ,java 9 !   
,ea/ ,indies1 z an ocul> & frequ5t      
witness is n afraid to d5y x2 to condemn
 ,pl9y :o affirme? x1 & t inde$ x is b a
 sl[ & t>digrad\s animal1 prey+ ^u      
advantage1 & o!rwise may be escap$4  ,_m
 m !re are ^: s]i\s enquiries we mu/    

reque/ ( o!rs1 & %all only awake        
consid]ations1 ,:e!r t common op9ion t  
,snakes d bre$ out ( ! back or sp9al    
m>r[ ( man1 do? build ^u any con/ant    
root or se$ 9 nature2 or did n arise f  
cont+5t g5]ation1 9 "s s+le bodies      
remembr$ by ,pl9y or o!rs1 & might be   
p>alleld s9ce 9 liv+ corruptions ( !    
guts & o!r p>ts2 :i* regul>ly proce$ n  
to putrifactions ( t nature4  ,:e!r !   
,/ory ( ! ,remora be n unreasonably     
amplifi$2 :e!r t ( ,b]nacles &          
,goose-trees be n too mu* enl>g$2 :e!r !
 common hi/ory ( ,bees w hold1 z l>ge   
acc\nts h deliv]$2 :e!r ! bra9s ( ,cats 
be att5d$ ) su* de/ructive malignities1 
z ,dioscorides & o!rs put ^u !m4  ,z    
also :e!r !re be n "s additional help ( 
,art1 unto ! ,numismatical & ,musical   
%ells1 :i* we sometimes meet ) 9        
con*yli\s collections among u8  ,:e!r ! 
fa/+ spittle ( man be poison unto       
,snakes & ,vip]s1 z exp]i5ce ha? made u 
d\bt8 ,:e!r ! ,night+als sett+ ) h]     
brea/ aga9/ a ?orn1 be any m !n t %e    

place? "s prickels on ! outside ( h]    
ne/1 or roo/e? 9 ?orny & prickly places1
 :]e ,s]p5ts may lea/ approa* h]8 ,:e!r 
,mice may be br$ by putrifaction z well 
z univocall production1 z may be easily 
believ$1 if t receit to make ,mice out (
 :eat w hold1 :i* ,helmont ha? deliv]$4 
,,sn3 ,helm4 ,imago f]m5ti1 etc4 ,:e!r  
,quails f any idiosyncracy or peculi>ity
 ( con/itution1 d innocu\sly fe$ ^u     
,hellebore1 or r sometime b m$ically use
 ! same2 because we p]ceive t ,/>es1 :i*
 are commonly said h>mlessly to fe$ on  
,hemlock1 d n make good ! tradition2 &  
he t obs]ves :at v]tigoes1 cramps &     
convulsions foll[ !reon 9 ^! animals1 w 
be ( our belief4                        
,,! ,,f\r? ,,book                 ,( _m 
popul> & receiv$ ,t55ts                 
conc]n+ ,man1 :i* exam9$1               
prove ei!r false or dubi\s4             
,,*apt] ,i                       ,( !   
,erectness ( ,man4   ,sid5ote3 ,:at     
figure 9 animals is prop]ly erect4  ,t  
only ,man ha? an ,erect figure1 & = to  

behold & look up t[>d heav51 accord+ to 
t ( ! ,poet1            ,pronaque cum   
spectant animalia ct]a t]ram1           
,os hom9i sublime d$it1 clumque tu]i    
,jussit1 et erectos ad syd]a toll]e     
vultus1  is a d\ble ass]tion1 ^: fir/ "p
 may be true1 if we take ,erectness     
/rictly1 & s z ,gal5 ha? def9$ x2 = !y  
only1 sai? he1 h an ,erect figure1 ^:   
sp9e & ?igh-bone are c>ri$ 9 "r l9es2 & 
s inde$ ( any we yet "k1 ,man only is   
,erect4 ,= ! ?ighs ( o!r animals d /& at
 ,angles ) _! sp9e1 & h rectangul>      
positions 9 ,birds1 & p]fect ,quadrup$s4
 ,nor do? ! ,frog1 ?\gh /ret*$ out1 or  
swimm+1 atta9 ! rectitude ( ,man1 or    
c>ry its ?igh )\t all angul>ity4 ,,sn3  
,:at seiante or sitt+4 ,& ?us is x also 
true1 t ,man only sitte?1 if we def9e   
sitt+ to be a firmation ( ! body ^u !   
,is*ias3 :]e9 if ! position be j &      
natural1 ! ,?igh-bone lie? at "r angles 
to ! ,sp9e1 & ! ,leg-bone or ,tibia to !
 ,?igh4 ,= o!rs :5 !y seem to sit1 z    
,dogs1 ,cats1 or ,lions1 d make unto _! 

,sp9e acute angles ) _! ,?igh1 & acute  
to ! ,?igh ) _! ,%ank4 ,?us is x        
likewise true1 :at ,ari/otle all$ge? 9 t
 ,problem2 :y ,man alone suff]e?        
pollutions 9 ! ,night ,,sn3 41 because  
,man only lye? ^u 8 ,back2 if we def9e n
 ! same by e sup9e position1 b :5 !     
,sp9e is 9 rectitude ) ! ,?igh1 & bo? ) 
! arms lie p>allel to ! ,horizon3 s t a 
l9e ?r\gh _! ,navel w pass ?r\gh ! ,z5i?
 & ,c5tre ( ! ,e>?4 ,& s _c o!r ,animals
 lie ^u _! ,backs3 = ?\gh ! ,sp9e lie   
p>allel ) ! ,horizon1 yet w _! ,legs    
incl9e1 & lie at angles unto x4 ,& ^u ^!
 ?ree div]s positions 9 ,man1 :]e9 !    
,sp9e c only be at "r l9es ) ! ,?igh1   
arise ^? rem>kable po/ures1 prone1 sup9e
 & erect2 :i* are b diff]5c$ 9          
situation1 or 9 angul> po/ures ^u !     
,back1 ! ,belly & ! ,feet4  ,b if       
,erectness be popul>ly tak51 & z x is   
l>gely oppos$ unto pron5ess1 or ! po/ure
 ( animals look+ d[nw>ds1 c>ry+ _! v5t]s
 or opposite "p to ! ,sp9e1 directly    
t[>ds ! ,e>?1 x may admit ( "q4 ,= ?\gh 

9 ,s]p5ts & ,liz>ds we may truly all[ a 
pron5ess1 yet ,gal5 ackn[l$ge? t p]fect 
,quadrup$s1 z ,horses1 ,ox5 & ,camels1  
are b p>tly prone1 & h "s "p (          
,erectness4 ,& ,birds or fly+ ,animals1 
are s f> f ?is k9d ( pron5ess1 t !y are 
almo/ ,erect2 advanc+ ! ,head & ,brea/ 9
 _! progression1 & only prone 9 ! ,act (
 volitation or fly+4 ,& if t be true :i*
 is deliv]$ ( ! ,p5g9 or ,ans]          
,magellanicus1 (t5 describ$ 9 ,maps ab\t
 ^? ,/raits1 t !y g ,erect l ,m51 & ) _!
 ,brea/ & ,belly d make "o l9e          
p]p5dicul> unto ! axis ( ! ,e>?2 x w    
almo/ make up ! exact ,erectness ( ,man 
,,sn3 ,obs]ve also ! ,vrias ,bellanii & 
,m]gus major44 ,nor w t ,insect come v  
%ort :i* we h (t5 beheld1 t is1 "o k9d (
 ,locu/ :i* /&s n prone1 or a little    
incl9+ upw>d1 b 9 a l>ge ,erectness1    
elevat+ alwaies ! two =e ,legs1 & su/a9+
 x self 9 ! middle ( ! o!r f\r3 by      
,zoograph]s ,,sn3 ,describ]s ( animals4 
call$ ,mantis1 & by ! common p (        
,prov5ce1 ,prega1 ,dio1 ! ,prophet &    

pray+ ,locu/2 z be+ g5]ally f\nd 9 !    
po/ure ( supplication1 or su* z         
resemble? ours1 :5 we lift up our h&s to
 ,heav54  ,z = ! end ( ?is ,erection2 to
 look up t[>d ,heav52 ?\gh confirm$ by  
sev]al te/imonies1 & ! ,greek ,etymology
 ( ,man1 x is n s readily to be admitt$2
 & z a popul> & va9 conceit 0 ,anci5tly 
reject$ by ,gal52 :o 9 8 ?ird1 ,de usu  
p>tium1 det]m9es1 t ,man is ,erect1     
because he 0 made ) h&s1 & 0 !re) to    
ex]cise all ,arts1 :i* 9 any o!r figure 
he c\ld n h p]=m$2 z he excell5tly      
decl>e? 9 t place1 :]e he also proves t 
,man c\ld h be5 made nei!r ,quadrup$ nor
 ,c5taur4  ,& = ! accompli%m5t ( ?is    
int5tion1 t is1 to look up & behold !   
,heav5s1 ,man ha? a notable disadvantage
 9 ! ,eye lid2 :]e( ! upp] is f> great] 
?an ! l[]1 :i* abridge? ! sight upw>ds2 
contr>y to ^? ( ,birds1 :o h]e9 h !     
advantage ( ,man3 ,insomu* t ! ,le>n$   
,plempius,,sn3 ,plemp4 ,oph?almographia4
 is bold to affirm1 t if he _h _h !     
=mation ( ! ,eye-lids1 he w\ld h        

contriv$ !m q o!rwise4  ,! gr\nd &      
occasion ( ?is conceit 0 a lit]al       
appreh5sion ( a figurative expression 9 
,plato1 z ,gal5 ?us deliv]s2 ,to op9ion 
t ,man is ,erect to look up & behold !  
,heav5s1 is a conceit only fit = ^? t   
nev] saw ! ,fi% ,uranoscopus1 t is1 !   
,behold] ( ,heav52 :i* ha? its ,eyes s  
plac$1 t x looks up directly to ,heav52 
:i* ,man do? n1 except he recl9e1 or b5d
 8 head backw>d3 & ?us to look up to    
,heav51 agree? n only unto ,m51 b       
,asses2 to omit ,birds ) long necks1 :i*
 look n only upw>ds1 b r\nd ab\t at     
pleasure4 ,& !re=e ,m5 ( ?is op9ion     
und]/ood n ,plato :5 he said t ,man do? 
,sursum aspic]e2 = !reby 0 n meant to   
gape1 or look upw>d ) ! ,eye1 b to h 8  
?\ghts sublime2 & n only to behold1 b   
speculate _! ,nature1 ) ! ,eye ( !      
und]/&+4  ,n[ al?\gh ,gal5 9 ?is place  
makes in/ance b 9 "o1 yet are ! o!r     
fi%es1 ^: ,eyes reg>d ! ,heav5s1 z      
,plane1 & ,c>tilag9e\s ,fi%es2 z        
,pect9als1 or su* z h _! bones made     

lat]ally l a ,comb2 = :5 !y apply       
!mselves to sleep or re/ ^u ! :ite side1
 _! ,eyes on ! o!r side look upw>d t[>d 
,heav54 ,= ,birds1 !y g5]ally c>ry _!   
heads ,erectly l ,man1 & h advantage 9  
_! upp] ,eye-lid2 & _m t h long necks1 &
 be> _! heads some:at backw>d1 behold f>
 m ( ! ,heav5s1 & seem to look above !  
qu9oxial ,circle4 ,& s also 9 _m        
,quadrup$s1 al?\gh _! progression be    
p>tly prone1 yet is ! sight ( _! ,eye   
direct1 n respect+ ! ,e>? b ,heav52 &   
make an high] ,ar* ( altitude !n our    
own4 ,! position ( a ,frog ) 8 head     
above wat] exce$e? ^!2 = !re9 he seems  
to behold a l>ge "p ( ! ,heav5s1 & !    
acies ( 8 ,eye to asc5d z high z !      
,tropick2 b he t ha? beheld ! po/ure ( a
 ,bittor1 w n d5y t x beholds almo/ ! v 
,z5i?4 ,,sn3 ,po9t ( heav5 ov] our      
heads4                                  
,,*apt] ,,ii                            
,( ! ,he>t4   ,sid5ote3 ,h[ a ,mans he>t
 is plac$ 9 8 ,body4  ,t ! ,he>t ( ,man 
is seat$ 9 ! left side1 is an           

assev]ation1 :i* /rictly tak51 is       
refutable by inspection1 :]eby x appe>s 
! base & c5tre !re( is 9 ! mid/ ( ! *e/2
 true x is1 t ! ,mucro or ,po9t !re(    
incl9e? unto ! left2 = by ?is position x
 give? way unto ! asc5sion ( ! midriff1 
& by reason ( ! holl[ ve9 c\ld n        
commodi\sly deflect unto ! "r4 ,f :i*   
div]sion1 nev]!less we _c s prop]ly say 
tis plac$ 9 ! left1 z t x consi/e? 9 !  
middle1 t is1 :]e its c5tre re/e?2 = s d
 we usually say a ,gnomon or ,ne$le is 9
 ! middle ( a ,dial1 al?\gh ! extreams  
may respect ! ,nor? or ,s\?1 & approa* !
 circumf]5ce !re(4  ,! gr\nd ( ?is      
mi/ake is a g5]al obs]vation f ! pulse  
or motion ( ! ,he>t1 :i* is m s5sible on
 ?is side2 b ! reason h]e( is n to be   
drawn f ! situation ( ! ,he>t1 b ! site 
( ! left v5tricle :]e9 ! vital ,spirits 
are lab\r$2 & also ! great ,art]y t     
conveie? !m out2 bo? :i* are situat$ on 
! left4 ,^u ?is reason ,epi!ms or       
cordial ,applications are ju/ly appli$  
unto ! left ,brea/2 & ! ,w\nds "u ! fif?

 ,rib may be m sudd5ly de/ructive if    
made on ! s9i/] side1 & ! ,spe> ( !     
,s\ldi] t peirc$ our ,savi\r1 is n      
improp]ly describ$1 :5 ,pa9t]s direct x 
a little t[>ds ! left4  ,! o!r gr\nd is 
m p>ticul> & ^u inspection2 = 9 dead    
,bodies especially ly+ ^u ! ,sp9e1 !    
,he>t do? seem to incl9e unto ! left4   
,:i* happ5e? n f its prop] site2 b      
besides its s9i/r\s gravity1 is drawn t 
way by ! great ,art]y1 :i* !n subside? &
 hale? ! ,he>t unto x4 ,& !re=e /rictly 
tak51 ! ,he>t is seat$ 9 ! middle ( !   
,*e/2 b aft] a c>eless & inconsid]ate   
aspection1 or accord+ to ! readie/ s5se 
( pulsation1 we %all n qu>rel1 if any   
affirm x is seat$ t[>d ! left4 ,& 9 ^!  
consid]ations mu/ ,ari/otle be salv$1 :5
 he affirme? ! ,he>t ( ,man is plac$ 9 !
 left side1 & ?us 9 a popul> acception  
may we receive ! ,p]iphrasis (          
,p]sius,,sn3 ----,leva 9 p>te mamill42  
:5 he take? ! "p "u ! left ,pap = !     
,he>t2 & if rightly appreh5d$1 x        
conc]ne? n ?is controv]sie1 :5 x is said

 9 ,ecclesia/es3 ,! ,he>t ( a wise ,man 
is 9 ! "r side1 b t ( a ,fool 9 ! left1 
= !reby may be impli$1 t ! ,he>t ( a    
wise ,man delighte? 9 ! "r way1 or 9 !  
pa? ( ,v]tue2 t ( a ,fool 9 ! left or   
road ( ,vice2 accord+ to ! my/]y ( !    
,lett] ( ,py?agoras1 or t expression 9  
,jonah1 conc]n+ sixscore ?\s&1 t c\ld n 
disc]n betwe5 _! "r h& & _! left1 or    
knew n good f evil4  ,t ass]tion also t 
,man proportionally ha? ! l>ge/ bra91 ,i
 did ,i confess some:at d\bt2 & conceiv$
 x might h fail$ 9 ,birds1 especially   
su* z hav+ little ,bodies1 h yet l>ge   
,cranies1 & seem to conta9 mu* ,bra91 z 
,snipes1 ,woodcocks1 etc4 ,b ^u trial ,i
 f9d x v true4 ,! ,bra9s ( a ,man1      
,ar*angelus & ,bauh9us obs]ve1 to weigh 
f\r p\nd1 & sometime five & a half4 ,if 
!re=e a ,man weigh "o hundr$ & f\rty    
p\nds1 & 8 ,bra9 b five1 8 ,weight is   
#bg4 times z mu* z 8 bra91 d$uct+ !     
weight ( t five p\nd :i* is all[$ = x4  
,n[ 9 a ,snipe1 :i* weigh$ f\r ounces   
two dragms1 ,i f9d ! ,bra9s to weigh b  

half a dragm2 s t ! weight ( ! ,body    
7all[+ = ! ,bra97 exce$$ ! weight ( !   
,bra91 sixty sev5 times & an half4  ,m  
controv]tible x seeme? 9 ! ,bra9s (     
,sp>r[s1 ^: ,cranies are r\nd]1 & s (   
l>g] capacity3 & mo/ ( all 9 ! ,heads ( 
,birds1 ^u ! fir/ =mation 9 ! ,egg1 :]e9
 ! ,head seems l>g] !n all ! ,body1 & ! 
v ,eyes almo/ z big z ei!r4 ,a ,sp>r[ 9 
! total we f\nd to weigh sev5 dragms &  
f\r & tw5ty grans2 :]e( ! ,head a dragm1
 b ! ,bra9 n fifte5 gra9s2 :i* answ]e? n
 fully ! proportion ( ! bra9 ( ,man4 ,& 
!re=e x is to be tak5 ( ! :ole ,head ) !
 ,bra9s1 :5 ,scalig],,sn3 ,hi/or4       
,animal4 lib4 #a4 objecte? t ! ,head ( a
 ,man is ! fifte5? "p ( 8 ,body2 t ( a  
,sp>r[1 sc>ce ! fif?4                   
,,*apt] ,,iii                           
,( ,pleurisies4   ,sid5ote3 ,:at a      
,pleurisie is4  ,t ,pleurisies are only 
on ! left side1 is a popul> ,t55t n only
 absurd b dang]\s4 ,f ! misappreh5sion  
h]e(1 m5 omitt+ ! opportunity ( rem$ies1
 :i* o!rwise !y w\ld n neglect4 ,*iefly 

occasion$ by ! ,ignorance ( ,anatomy & !
 ext5t ( ! "p affect$2 :i* 9 an         
exquisite ,pleurisie is det]m9$ to be ! 
sk9 or membrane :i* inve/$ ! ,ribs1 = s 
x is def9$1 ,inflammatio membran co/as  
succ+5tis2 ,an ,inflammation1 ei!r      
simple1 consi/+ only ( an hot &         
sangu9e\s affluxion2 or else d5om9able f
 o!r hum\rs1 accord+ to ! pr$om9ancy (  
melan*oly1 flegm1 or *ol]4 ,! membrane  
?us inflam$1 is prop]ly call$ ,pleura2 f
 :5ce ! disease ha? its "n2 & ?is       
inve/e? n only "o side1 b ov]spreade? ! 
cavity ( ! *e/1 & af=de? a common coat  
unto ! p>ts conta9$ !re94  ,n[ !re=e !  
,pleura be+ common unto bo? sides1 x is 
n reasonable to conf9e ! inflammation   
unto "o1 nor /rictly to det]m9e x is    
alwaies 9 ! side2 b sometimes be=e &    
beh9d1 t is1 incl9+ to ! ,sp9e or       
,brea/-bone2 = ?i!r ?is ,coat ext5de?2 &
 !re=e ) equal propriety we may affirm1 
t ulc]s ( ! lungs1 or ,apo/ems ( ! bra9 
d happ5 only 9 ! left side2 or t        
,ruptures are conf9able unto "o side1   

:]eas ! ,p]itoneum or ,rib ( ! ,belly   
may be broke1 or its p]=ations relax$ 9 
ei!r4                                   
,,*apt] ,,iv                            
,( ! ,r+-f+]4   ,an op9ion !re is1 :i*  
magnifies ! f\r? ,f+] ( ! left ,h&2     
presum+ !re9 a cordial relation1 t a    
p>ticul> vessel1 n]ve1 ve9 or art]y is  
conf]r$ !reto f ! he>t1 & !re=e t       
especially ha? ! hon\r to be> our ,r+s4 
,:i* 0 n only ! ,*ri/ian practice 9     
,nuptial contracts1 b obs]v$ by ,hea!ns1
 z ,alex&] ab ,alex&ro1 ,gellius1       
,macrobius & ,pi]ius h deliv]$1 z       
,lev9us ,lemnius ha? confirm$1 :o       
affirms ?is peculi> vessel to be an     
art]y1 & n a ,n]ve1 z ,antiquity ha?    
conceiv$ x2 add+ moreov] t ,r+s h]eon   
peculi>ly affect ! ,he>t2 t 9           
,lipo?ymies or sw\nd+s he us$ !         
frication ( ?is ,f+] ) saffron & gold3 t
 ! anci5t ,physitians mix$ up _!        
,m$ic9es h]e)2 t ?is is seldom or la/ ( 
all affect$ ) ! ,g\t1 & :5 t become?    
nod\s1 ,m5 cont9ue n long aft]4 ,not)/&+

 all :i* we rema9 unsatisfi$1 nor c we  
?9k ! reasons alleadg$ suffici5tly      
e/abli% ! prehem95cy ( ?is ,f+]4  ,=    
fir/1 ,conc]n+ ! practice ( ,antiquity1 
! cu/om 0 n g5]al to we> _! ,r+s ei!r on
 ?is h& or ,f+]2 = x is said1 & t       
emphatically 9 ,j]emiah1 ,si fu]it      
,jeconias filius ,joa*im regis ,jud     
annulus 9 manu dextr me1 inde evallam   
eum3 ,?\gh ,coniah ! son ( ,joa*im ,k+ (
 ,judah1 7 ! signet on my "r ,h&1 yet   
w\ld ,i pluck !e !nce4 ,s is x obs]v$ by
 ,pl9y1 t 9 ! portraits ( _! ,gods1 !   
,r+s 7 worn on ! ,f+] next ! ,?umb2 t ! 
,romans wore !m also ^u _! little ,f+]1 
z ,h]o is describ$ 9 ,petronius2 "s wore
 !m on ! middle ,f+]1 z ! anci5t ,gaules
 & ,britans2 & "s ^u ! =e-,f+]1 z is    
d$uceable f ,julius ,pollux3 :o names t 
,r+ ,corionos4  ,sid5ote3 ,r+s anci5tly 
( ,iron4  ,aga91 ,t ! practice ( !      
anci5ts1 _h any su* respect ( cordiality
 or ref]5ce unto ! ,he>t1 w mu* be      
d\bt$1 if we consid] _! ,r+s 7 made (   
iron2 su* 0 t ( ,prome!us1 :o is        

conceiv$ ! fir/ t br\ght !m 9 use4 ,s1 z
 ,pl9y affirme?1 = _m ye>s ! ,s5ators ( 
,rome did n we> any ,r+s ( ,gold2 b !   
slaves wore g5]ally ,iron ,r+s until _! 
manumission or pref]m5t to "s dignity4  
,t ! ,lac$emonians cont9u$ _! ,iron ,r+s
 unto 8 daies1 ,pl9y also deliv]e?1 &   
surely !y us$ few ( ,gold2 = beside t   
,lycurgus prohibit$ t mettal1 we read 9 
,a!nu1 t hav+ a desire to guild ! face (
 ,apollo1 !y enquir$ ( ! ,oracle :]e !y 
might pur*ase s mu* ,gold2 & 7 direct$  
unto ,crsus ,k+ ( ,lydia4  ,moreov] :e!r
 ! ,anci5ts _h any su* int5tion1 !      
gr\nds :i* !y conceiv$ 9 ,ve91 ,n]ve or 
,art]y1 are n to be ju/ifi$1 nor w      
inspection confirm a peculi> vessel 9   
?is ,f+]4 ,= z ,anatomy in=me?1 !       
,basilica ve9 divid+ into two bran*es   
bel[ ! cubit1 ! outw>d s5de? two surcles
 unto ! ?umb1 two unto ! =e-f+]1 & "o   
unto ! middle f+] 9 ! inw>d side2 ! o!r 
bran* ( ! ,basilica s5de? "o surcle unto
 ! outside ( ! middle f+]1 two unto !   
,r+1 & z _m unto ! little f+]s2 s t !y  

all proce$ f ! ,basilica1 & are 9 equal 
numb]s d]iv$ unto e "o4 ,9 ! same mann] 
are ! bran*es ( ! axill>y art]y         
di/ribut$ into ! ,h&2 = bel[ ! cubit x  
divide? into two p>ts1 ! "o runn+ along 
! ,radius1 & pass+ by ! wre/ or place ( 
! pulse1 is at ! ,f+]s subdivid$ into   
?ree ,bran*es2 :]e( ! fir/ conveye? two 
surcles unto ! ,?umb1 ! second z _m to !
 =e-,f+]1 & ! ?ird "o unto ! middle     
,f+]2 ! o!r or l[] division ( ! art]y   
desc5de? by ! ulna1 & furni%e? ! o!r    
,f+]s2 t is ! middle ) "o surcle1 & !   
,r+ & little ,f+]s ) two4 ,,sn3 ,:5ce ! 
,n]ves proce$4 ,z = ! ,n]ves1 !y are    
dispos$ mu* aft] ! same mann]1 & h _!   
orig9al f ! ,bra91 & n ! ,he>t1 z _m ( !
 ,anci5ts conceiv$2 :i* is s f> f af=d+ 
,n]ves unto o!r p>ts1 t x receive? v few
 x self f ! six? conjugation1 or pair ( 
,n]ves 9 ! ,bra94  ,la/ly1 ,^!          
propagations be+ communicat$ unto bo?   
,h&s1 we h no great] reason to we> our  
,r+s on ! left1 !n on ! "r2 nor are !re 
cordial consid]ations 9 ! "o1 m !n !    

o!r4 ,& !re=e :5 ,=e/us = ! /an*+ (     
blood makes use ( ,m$ical applications  
unto ! f\r? ,f+]1 he conf9es n t        
practice unto ! left1 b v>ie? ! side    
accord+ to ! no/ril ble$+4 ,s 9 ,feav]s1
 :]e ! ,he>t prim>ily suff]e?1 we apply 
,m$ic9es unto ! wre/s ( ei!r arm2 s we  
t\* ! pulse ( bo?1 & judge ( !          
affections ( ! ,he>t by ! "o z well z ! 
o!r4 ,& al?\gh 9 indispositions ( ,liv] 
or ,sple51 consid]ations are made 9     
,phlebotomy respectively to _!          
situation2 yet :5 ! ,he>t is affect$1   
,m5 h ?\ght x z effectual to ble$ on !  
"r z ! left2 & al?\gh also x may be     
?\ght1 a ne>] respect is to be _h ( !   
left1 because ! great art]y proce$s f ! 
left v5tricle1 & s is ne>] t arm2 x     
admits n t consid]ation4 ,= "u ! *annel 
bones ! art]y divide? into two great    
bran*es1 f :i* trunk or po9t ( division1
 ! di/ance unto ei!r ,h& is equal1 & !  
consid]ation also answ]able4  ,all :i* )
 _m respective ,niceties1 9 ord] unto   
p>ts1 sides1 & ve9es1 are n[ become (   

less consid]ation1 by ! new & noble     
doctr9e ( ! circulation ( ! blood4  ,&  
!re=e ,macrobius discuss+ ! po9t1 ha?   
alleadg$ ano!r reason2 affirm+ t !      
ge/ation ( ,r+s ^u ?is ,h& & ,f+]1 might
 r be us$ = _! conv5i5cy & pres]vation1 
!n any cordial relation4 ,= at fir/     
7sai? he7 x 0 bo? free & usual to we>   
,r+s on ei!r ,h&2 b aft] t luxury       
encreas$1 :5 preti\s gems & ri*         
insculptures 7 add$1 ! cu/om ( we>+ !m  
on ! "r ,h& 0 translat$ unto ! left2 = t
 ,h& be+ less imploy$1 !reby !y 7 be/   
pres]v$4 ,& = ! same reason !y plac$ !m 
on ?is ,f+]2 = ! ,?umb 0 too active a   
,f+]1 & is commonly imploy$ ) ei!r ( !  
re/3 ! ,index or =e-,f+] 0 too nak$     
:]eto to commit _! pretiosities1 & ha? !
 tuition ( ! ,?umb sc>ce unto ! second  
jo9t3 ! middle & little ,f+] !y reject$ 
z extreams1 & too big or too little = _!
 ,r+s1 & ( all *ose out ! f\r?1 z be+   
lea/ us$ ( any1 z be+ gu>d$ on ei!r     
side1 & hav+ 9 mo/ ?is peculi>          
condition1 t x _c be ext5d$ alone & by  

itself1 b w be accompani$ by "s ,f+] on 
ei!r side4 ,& to ?is op9ion ass5te?     
,alex&] ab ,alex&ro1 ,annulum nuptialem 
prior tas 9 s9i/r f]ebat1 cr$id]im ne   
att]]etur4  ,n[ t :i* begat or promot$ !
 common op9ion1 0 ! common conceit t !  
,he>t 0 seat$ on ! left side2 b h[ f>   
?is is v]ifi$1 we h be=e decl>$4 ,!     
,egyptian practice ha? mu* advanc$ !    
same1 :o unto ?is ,f+] d]iv$ a ,n]ve f !
 ,he>t2 & !re=e ! ,prie/ ano9t$ ! same )
 preci\s oyls be=e ! ,alt>4 ,b h[ weak  
,anatomi/s !y 71 :i* 7 s good ,embalm]s1
 we h already %ew$4 ,& ?\gh ?is reason  
took mo/ place1 yet _h !y ano!r :i* m   
comm5d$ t practice3 & t 0 ! numb] :]e(  
?is ,f+] 0 an ,hi]oglyphick4 ,= by hold+
 d[n ! f\r? ,f+] ( ! left ,h&1 :ile !   
re/ 7 ext5d$1 !y signifi$ ! p]fect &    
magnifi$ numb] ( six4 ,= z ,pi]ius ha?  
graphically decl>$1 ,antiquity express$ 
numb]s by ! ,f+]s ( ei!r ,h&3 on ! left 
!y acc\nt$ _! digits & articulate numb]s
 unto an hundr$2 on ! "r ,h& hundr$s &  
?\s&s2 ! depress+ ?is ,f+]1 :i* 9 ! left

 ,h& impli$ b six1 9 ! "r indigitat$ six
 hundr$4 ,9 ?is way ( num]ation1 may we 
con/rue t ( ,juv5al conc]n+ ,ne/or1     
----,qui p] tot scula mortem            
,di/ulit1 atque suos jam dextr computat 
annos4  ,& h[ev] x 7 int5d$1 9 ?is s5se 
x w be v elegant :at is deliv]$ (       
,wisdom1 ,prov4 #c4 ,l5g? ( daies is 9  
h] "r ,h&1 & 9 h] left ,h& ri*es &      
hon\r4  ,sid5ote3 ,h&-,g\ty p]sons4  ,z 
= ! obs]vation ( ,lemnius an em95t      
,physitian1 conc]n+ ! ,g\t2 h[ev] x     
happ5$ 9 8 ,c\ntry1 we may obs]ve x     
o!rwise 9 ours2 t is1 t *iragrical      
p]sons d suff] 9 ?is ,f+] z well z 9 !  
re/1 & sometimes fir/ ( all1 & sometimes
 no :]e else4 ,& = ! mix+ up m$ic9es    
h]e)2 x is r an argum5t ( op9ion1 !n any
 consid]able effect2 & we z highly      
conceive ( ! practice 9 ,diapalma1 t is1
 9 ! mak+ ( t plai/]1 to /ir x ) ! /ick 
( a ,palm4                              
,,*apt] ,v                       ,( ! "r
 & left ,h&4   ,x is also suspici\s1 & n
 ) t c]ta9ty to be receiv$1 :at is      

g5]ally believ$ conc]n+ ! "r & left h&2 
t ,m5 naturally make use ( ! "r1 & t !  
use ( ! o!r is a digression or ab]ration
 f t way :i* nature g5]ally int5de?4 ,we
 d n d5y t almo/ all ,nations h us$ ?is 
h&1 & ascrib$ a prehem95ce !reto3 h]e( a
 rem>kable passage !re is 9 ! #dh4 (    
,g5esis1 ,& ,joseph took !m bo?1        
,ephraim 9 8 "r h& t[>ds ,israels left  
h&1 & ,manasses 9 8 left h& t[>ds       
,israels "r h&1 & ,israel /ret*$ out 8  
"r h& & laid x ^u ,ephraims head1 :o 0 !
 y\ng]1 & 8 left h& ^u ,manasses head1  
guid+ 8 h&s witt+ly1 = ,manasses 0 !    
fir/-born2 & :5 ,joseph saw t 8 fa!r    
laid 8 "r h& ^u ! head ( ,ephraim1 x    
displeas$ him1 & he held up 8 fa!rs h&  
to remove x f ,ephraims head unto       
,manasses head1 & ,joseph said1 ,n s my 
fa!r1 = ?is is ! fir/-born1 put ?y "r h&
 ^u 8 head3 ,! l appe>e? f ! ord9ance ( 
,moses 9 ! consecration ( _! ,prie/s1   
,!n %alt ?\ kill ! ,ram1 & take ( 8     
blood1 & put x ^u ! tip ( ! "r e> (     
,a>on1 & ^u ! tip ( ! "r e> ( 8 sons1 & 

^u ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 & ^u ! great toe ( 
! "r foot1 & spr9kle ! blood on ! ,alt> 
r\nd ab\t4 ,t ! ,p]sians 7 wont h]e) to 
plight _! fai?1 is te/ifi$ by ,diodorus3
 ,t ! ,greeks & ,romans made use h]e(1  
beside ! te/imony ( div]s ,au?ors1 is   
evid5t f _! cu/om ( discumb5cy at _!    
meals1 :i* 0 ^u _! left side1 = s _! "r 
h& 0 free1 & ready = all s]vice4 ,z also
 f ! conjunction ( ! "r h&s & n ! left  
obs]vable 9 ! ,roman m$als ( concord4   
,nor 0 ?is only 9 use ) div]s ,nations (
 ,m51 b 0 ! cu/om ( :ole ,nations (     
,wom52 z is d$uceable f ! ,amazones 9 ! 
amputation ( _! "r brea/1 :]eby !y _h ! 
fre] use ( _! b[4 ,all :i* d seem to    
decl>e a natural pref]m5t ( ! "o unto   
motion be=e ! o!r2 :]e9 not)/&+ 9       
submission to future in=mation1 we are  
unsatisfi$ unto great dubitation4  ,=   
fir/1 if !re 7 a det]m9ate prepot5cy 9 !
 "r1 & su* z arise? f a con/ant root 9  
nature1 we might expect ! same 9 o!r    
animals1 ^: p>ts are also diff]5c$ by   
dextrality2 :]e9 not)/&+ we _c discov] a

 di/9ct & comply+ acc\nt2 = we f9d n t  
,horses1 ,buls1 or ,mules1 are g5]ally  
/rong] on ?is side4 ,z = ,animals ^:    
=elegs m s5sibly supply ! use ( arms1 !y
 hold1 if n an equality 9 bo?1 a        
preval5cy (t-times 9 ! o!r1 z           
,squirrels1 ,apes1 & ,monkies2 ! same is
 also disc]nable 9 ,p>rets1 :o fe$      
!mselves m commonly by ! left-leg1 & ,m5
 obs]ve t ! ,eye ( a ,tumbl] is bigge/1 
n con/antly 9 "o1 b 9 ! be>+ side4      
,sid5ote3 ,:5ce ! dextral activity 9 m5 
proce$s4  ,t !re is also 9 ,m5 a natural
 prepot5cy 9 ! "r1 we _c ) con/ancy     
affirm1 if we make obs]vation 9 *ildr52 
:o p]mitt$ ! fre$om ( bo?1 d (t-times   
conf9e unto ! left1 & are n )\t great   
difficulty re/ra9$ f x4 ,& !re=e ?is    
preval5cy is ei!r unc]ta9ly plac$ 9 !   
lat]ality1 or cu/om det]m9es its        
diff]5cy4 ,:i* is ! resolution (        
,ari/otle 9 t ,problem1 :i* enquires :y 
! "r side be+ bett] !n ! left1 is equal 
9 ! s5ses8 because1 sai? he1 ! "r & left
 d diff] by use & cu/om1 :i* h no place 

9 ! s5ses4 ,= "r & left z p>ts ins]vi5t 
unto ! motive faculty1 are diff]5c$ by  
degrees f use & assuefaction1 accord+   
:]eto ! "o gr[s /rong] & (t-times bigg] 
!n ! o!r4 ,b 9 ! s5ses x is o!rwise2 =  
!y acquire n _! p]fection by use or     
cu/om1 b at ! fir/ we equally he> & see 
) "o ,eye1 z well z ) ano!r4 ,& !re=e1 7
 ?is indiff]5cy p]mitt$1 or did n       
con/itution1 b nature det]m9e           
dextrality1 !re w\ld be _m m ,scevolaes 
!n are deliv]$ 9 /ory2 nor ne$$ we to   
draw examples ( ! left1 f ! sons ( ! "r 
h& ,,sn3 ,b5jam9 filius dextr42 z we    
read ( sev5 ?\s& 9 ! ,army ( !          
,b5jamites4 ,true x is1 t al?\gh !re be 
an indiff]5cy 9 ei!r1 or a preval5cy    
indiff]5t 9 "o1 yet is x mo/ reasonable 
= uni=mity1 & sundry respective uses1 t 
,m5 %\ld apply !mselves to ! con/ant use
 ( "o2 = !re w o!rwise arise anomal\s   
di/urbances 9 manual actions1 n only 9  
civil & artificial1 b also 9 ,milit>y   
affairs1 & ! sev]al actions ( w>4       
,secondly1 ,! gr\nds & reasons alleadg$ 

= ! "r1 are n satisfactory1 & af=d no   
re/ 9 _! decision4 ,scalig] f9d+ a      
defect 9 ! reason ( ,ari/otle1          
introduce? "o ( no less defici5cy       
himself2 ,ratio mat]ialis 7sai? he7     
sangu9is crassitudo simul et multitudo2 
t is1 ! reason ( ! vig\r ( ?is side1 is 
! crassitude & pl5ty ( blood2 b ?is is n
 suffici5t2 = ! crassitude or ?ickness (
 blood af=de? no reason :y "o arm %\ld  
be enabl$ be=e ! o!r1 & ! pl5ty !re(1 :y
 bo? n enabl$ equally4 ,fallopius is (  
ano!r conceit1 d$uc+ ! reason f !       
,azygos or v5a s9e p>i1 a l>ge &        
consid]able ve9 aris+ out ( ! cava or   
holl[ ve91 be=e x ent]s ! "r v5tricle ( 
! ,he>t1 & plac$ only 9 ! "r side4 ,b   
nei!r is ?is p]swasory2 = ! ,azygos     
communicates no bran*es unto ! arms or  
legs on ei!r side1 b disp]se? into !    
,ribs on bo?1 & 9 its desc5t do? furni% 
! left ,emulg5t ) "o ve91 & ! fir/ ve9 (
 ! lo9s on ! "r side ) ano!r2 :i* mann] 
( d]ivation do? n conf] a peculi>       
addition unto ei!r4 ,clius ,rodig9us    

und]tak+ to give a reason ( ,ambidext]s 
& ,left-h&$ ,m51 deliv]e? a ?ird op9ion3
 ,m51 sai? he1 are ,ambidext]s1 & use   
bo? ,h&s alike1 :5 ! heat ( ! ,he>t do? 
pl5tifully disp]se into ! left side1 & t
 ( ! ,liv] into ! "r1 & ! sple5 be also 
mu* dilat$2 b ,m5 are ,left-h&$ :5 ev] x
 happ5e? t ! ,he>t & ,liv] are seat$ on 
! left-side2 or :5 ! ,liv] is on ! "r   
side1 yet s obduct$ & cov]$ ) ?ick sk9s1
 t x _c diffuse its v]tue into ! "r4    
,:i* reasons are no way satisfactory2 = 
h]e9 ! sple5 is inju/ly introduc$ to    
invigorate ! s9i/] side1 :i* be+ dilat$ 
x w\ld r infirm & debilitate4 ,z = any  
tunicles or sk9s :i* %\ld h9d] ! ,liv] f
 enabl+ dextral p>ts2 we mu/ n conceive 
x diffuse? its v]tue by me] irradiation1
 b by its ve9s & prop] vessels1 :i*     
common sk9s & tegum5ts _c imp$e4 ,& = ! 
seat ( ! ,he>t & ,liv] 9 "o side1 :]eby 
,m5 become ,left-h&$1 x happ5e? too     
r>ely to c\nt5ance an effect s common2 =
 ! seat ( ! ,liv] on ! left side is     
mon/r\s1 & r>ely to be met ) 9 !        

obs]vations ( ,physitians4 ,o!rs n      
consid]+ ambidextr\s & ,left-h&$ ,m51 d 
totally submit unto ! efficacy ( !      
,liv]2 :i* ?\gh seat$ on ! "r side1 yet 
by ! subclavian division do?            
equidi/antly communicate its activity   
unto ei!r ,arm2 nor w x salve ! d\bts ( 
obs]vation2 = _m are ,"r-h&$ ^: ,liv]s  
are weakly con/itut$1 & _m use ! left1 9
 :om t "p is /ronge/2 & we obs]ve 9     
,apes1 & o!r animals1 ^: ,liv] is 9 !   
"r1 no regul> preval5ce !re94  ,& !re=e 
! bra91 especially ! sp9al m>r[1 :i* is 
b ! bra9 prolong$1 ha? a fair] plea     
h]eto2 = ^! are ! pr9ciples ( motion1   
:]e9 dextrality consi/s2 & are divid$ )9
 & )\t ! ,crany4 ,by :i* division       
transmitt+ ,n]ves respectively unto ei!r
 side2 accord+ to ! indiff]5cy1 or      
orig9al & native prepot5cy1 !re arise?  
an equality 9 bo?1 or preval5cy on ei!r 
side4 ,& s may x be made out1 :at _m may
 wond] at1 :y "s mo/ actively use !     
contr>y ,arm & ,leg2 = ! vig\r ( ! "o   
dep5de? ^u ! upp] "p ( ! sp9e1 b ! o!r  

^u ! l[]4  ,& !re=e _m ?+s are          
,philosophically deliv]$ conc]n+ "r &   
left1 :i* admit ( "s susp5sion4 ,t a    
,woman ^u a mascul9e conception advance?
 h] "r ,leg1 w n be f\nd to answ] /rick 
obs]vation4 ,t males are conceiv$ 9 ! "r
 side ( ! womb1 females 9 ! left1 ?\gh  
g5]ally deliv]$1 & support$ by anci5t   
te/imony1 w make no infallible acc\nt2 x
 happ5+ (t times t males & females d lie
 ^u bo? sides1 & ,h]maphrodites = ought 
we "k on ei!r4 ,x is also suspiti\s :at 
is deliv]$ conc]n+ ! "r & left te/icle1 
t males are begott5 f ! "o1 & females f 
! o!r4 ,= ?\gh ! left sem9al ve9        
proce$e? f ! emulg5t1 & is !re=e        
conceiv$ to c>ry d[n a s]\s & fem99e    
matt]2 yet ! sem9al ,art]ies :i* s5d =? 
! active mat]ials1 are bo? d]iv$ f !    
great ,art]y4 ,beside ?is orig9al ( !   
left ve9 0 ?us contriv$1 to avoid !     
pulsation ( ! great ,art]y1 ov] :i* x   
mu/ h pass$ to atta9 unto ! te/icle4    
,nor c we easily inf] su* diff]5t       
effects f ! div]s situation ( p>ts :i* h

 "o end & (fice2 = 9 ! kidneys :i* h "o 
(fice1 ! "r is seat$ l[] !n ! left1     
:]eby x lie? free1 & give? way unto !   
,liv]4 ,& !re=e also t way :i* is       
deliv]$ = mascul9e g5]ation1 to make a  
/rait ligature ab\t ! left te/icle1     
!reby to int]cept ! evacuation ( t "p1  
des]ve? consid]ation4 ,= "o suffice?    
unto g5]ation1 z ha? be5 obs]v$ 9       
semica/ration1 & (t times 9 c>n\s       
ruptures4 ,,sn3 ,h[ an ,horse or ,bull  
may g5]ate aft] !y be gelt4 ,beside1 !  
sem9al ejaculation proce$s n imm$iately 
f ! te/icle1 b f ! sp]matick gl&ules2 & 
!re=e ,ari/otle affirms 7& reason _c    
d5y7 t al?\gh !re be no?+ diffus$ f !   
te/icles1 an ,horse or ,bull may g5]ate 
aft] ca/ration2 t is1 f ! /ock & rema9d]
 ( sem9al matt]1 already prep>$ & /or$  
up 9 ! ,pro/ates or gr&ules ( g5]ation4 
,?irdly1 ,al?\gh we %\ld conc$e a "r &  
left 9 ,nature1 yet 9 ?is common &      
receiv$ acc\nt we may err f ! prop]     
acception2 mi/ak+ "o side = ano!r2 call+
 t 9 ,man & o!r animals ! "r :i* is !   

left1 & t ! left :i* is ! "r1 & t 9 "s  
?+s "r & left1 :i* is n prop]ly ei!r4   
,= fir/ ! "r & left1 are n def9$ by     
,phylosoph]s accord+ to common          
acception1 t is1 respectively f "o ,man 
unto ano!r1 or any con/ant site 9 ea*2 z
 ?\gh t %\ld be ! "r 9 "o1 :i* ^u       
confront or fac+1 /&s a?w>t or          
diagonally unto ! o!r2 b 7 di/+ui%$     
accord+ to ! activity & pr$om9ant       
locomotion ^u ei!r side4 ,?us ,ari/otle 
9 8 excell5t ,tract de incessu          
animalium1 ascribe? six positions unto  
,animals1 answ]+ ! ?ree dim5sions2 :i*  
he det]m9e? n by site or position unto !
 ,heav5s1 b by _! faculties & functions2
 & ^! are ,imum 1 ,ante ,retro1 ,dextra 
et ,s9i/ra3 t is1 ! sup]i\r "p1 :]e !   
alim5t is receiv$1 t ! l[] extream1 :]e 
x is la/ expell$2 s he t]me? a ,man a   
plant inv]t$2 = he suppose? ! root ( a  
,tree ! head or upp] "p !re(1 :]eby x   
receive? its alim5t1 al?\gh !re) x      
respects ! ,c5t] ( ! ,e>?1 b ) ! o!r !  
,z5i?2 & ?is position is answ]able unto 

longitude4 ,^? p>ts are ant]i\r &       
measure pr(undity1 :]e ! s5ses1         
especially ! ,eyes are plac$1 & ^?      
po/]ior :i* are opposite h]eunto4 ,!    
dextr\s & s9i/r\s p>ts ( ! body make up 
! latitude2 & are n c]ta9 & inalt]able l
 ! o!r2 = t1 sai? he1 is ! "r side1 f   
:5ce ! motion ( ! body beg9ne?1 t is1 ! 
active or mov+ side2 b t ! s9i/] :i* is 
! weak] or m quiesc5t "p4 ,( ! same     
det]m9ation 7 ! ,platonicks &           
,py?agoreans be=e him2 :o conceiv+ !    
heav5s an animat$ body1 nam$ ! ,ea/1 !  
"r or dextr\s "p1 f :5ce began _!       
motion3 & ?us ! ,greeks1 f :5ce ! ,lat9s
 h borr[$ _! appellation1 h nam$ ?is h& 
1 d5om9at+ x n f ! site1 b (fice1 f     
capio1 t is1 ! h& :i* receive?1 or is   
usually impli$ 9 t action4  ,n[ ^u ^!   
gr\nds we are mo/ commonly mi/ak51 def9+
 t by situation :i* !y det]m9$ by       
motion2 & giv+ ! t]m ( "r h& to t :i*   
do? n prop]ly admit x4 ,= fir/1 ,_m 9 _!
 ,infancy are s9i/r\sly dispos$1 & div]s
 cont9ue all _! life 1 t is1 left h&$1 &

 h b weak & imp]fect use ( ! "r2 n[ unto
 ^!1 t h& is prop]ly ! "r1 & n ! o!r    
e/eem$ s by situation4 ,?us may         
,ari/otle be made out1 :5 he affirme? ! 
"r claw ( ,crabs & ,lob/]s is bigge/1 if
 we take ! "r = ! mo/ vigor\s side1 & n 
reg>d ! relative situation3 = ! "o is   
g5]ally bigg] !n ! o!r1 yet n alwayes ^u
 ! same side4 ,s may x be v]ifi$ :at is 
deliv]$ by ,scalig] 9 8 ,comm5t1 t      
,palsies d (tne/ happ5 ^u ! left side1  
if und]/ood 9 ?is s5se2 ! mo/ vigor\s "p
 protect+ x self1 & protrud+ ! matt] ^u 
! weak] & less resi/ive side4 ,& ?us !  
,law ( ,common-,weals1 t cut (f ! "r h& 
( ,malefactors1 if ,philosophically     
execut$1 is imp>tial2 o!rwise !         
amputation n equally puni%e? all4  ,"s  
are 1 t is1 ambidextr\s or "r h&$ on bo?
 sides2 :i* happ5e? only unto /rong &   
,a?letical bodies1 ^: heat & spirits are
 able to af=d an ability unto bo?4 ,,sn3
 ,apt = cont5tion4 ,& !re=e ,hippocrates
 sai?1 t ,wom5 are n ambidextr\s1 t is1 
n s (t5 z ,m52 = "s are f\nd1 :i*       

indiff]5tly make use ( bo?4 ,& s may    
,ari/otle say1 t only ,m5 are           
ambidext]\s2 ( ?is con/itution 0 ,a/]opu
 9 ,hom]1 & ,p>!nopeus ! ,!ban ,capta9 9
 ,/atius3 & ( ! same1 d "s conceive our 
,fa!r ,adam to h be51 z be+ p]fectly    
fram$1 & 9 a con/itution admitt+ lea/   
defect4 ,n[ 9 ^! ,m5 ! "r h& is on bo?  
sides1 & t is n ! left :i* is opposite  
unto ! "r1 accord+ to common acception4 
,aga91 ,"s are 1 z ,gal5 ha? express$ x2
 t is1 ambilev\s or left-h&$ on bo?     
sides2 su* z ) agility & vig\r h n ! use
 ( ei!r3 :o are n gymna/ically ,,sn3    
,/rongly or fit = corporal ex]cise4     
compos$3 nor actively use ^? p>ts4 ,n[ 9
 ^! !re is no "r h&3 ( ?is con/itution  
are _m ,wom51 & "s ,m51 :o ?\gh !y      
accu/om !mselves unto ei!r h&1 d        
dext]\sly make use ( nei!r4 ,& !re=e    
al?\gh ! ,political advice ( ,ari/otle  
be v good1 t ,m5 %\ld accu/om !mselves  
to ! comm& ( ei!r h&3 yet _c ! execution
 or p]=mance !re( be g5]al3 = ?\gh !re  
be _m f\nd t c use bo?1 yet w !re div]s 

rema9 t c /r5u\sly make use ( nei!r4    
,la/ly1 ,^! lat]alities 9 ,man are n    
only fallible1 if relatively det]m9$    
unto ea* o!r1 b made 9 ref]5ce unto !   
heav5s & qu>t]s ( ! ,globe3 = ^? p>ts   
are n capable ( ^! conditions 9         
!mselves1 nor ) any c]ta9ty respectively
 d]iv$ f u1 nor f !m to u aga94 ,& fir/ 
9 reg>d ( _! prop] nature1 ! heav5s     
admit n ^! s9i/] & dext] respects2 !re  
be+ 9 !m no div]sity or diff]5ce1 b a   
simplicity ( p>ts1 & equi=mity 9 motion 
cont9ually succe$+ ea* o!r2 s t f :at   
po9t soev] we compute1 ! acc\nt w be    
common unto ! :ole circul>ity4 ,& !re=e 
?\gh x be plausible1 x is n ( consequ5ce
 h]eto :at is deliv]$ by ,sol9us4 ,t    
,man 0 !re=e a ,microcosm or little ,_w1
 because ! dim5sions ( 8 positions 7    
answ]able unto ! great]4 ,= z 9 !       
,heav5s ! di/ance ( ! ,nor? & ,s\!rn    
pole1 :i* are e/eem$ ! sup]i\r & inf]i\r
 po9ts1 is equal unto ! space betwe5 !  
,ea/ & ,we/1 acc\nt$ ! dextr\s & s9i/r\s
 p>ts !re(2 s is x also 9 ,man1 = !     

ext5t ( 8 fa?ome or di/ance betwixt !   
extremity ( ! f+]s ( ei!r h& ^u         
expansion1 is equal unto ! space betwe5 
! sole ( ! foot & ! cr[n4 ,b ?is do? b  
petion>ily inf] a dextrality 9 !        
,heav5s1 & we may z reasonably conclude 
a "r & left lat]ality 9 ! ,ark or naval 
edifice ( ,noah4 ,= ! l5g? !re( 0 ?irty 
cubits1 ! bread? fifty1 & ! height or   
pr(undity ?irty2 :i* well agree? unto ! 
proportion ( ,man1 ^: l5g?1 t is1 a     
p]p5dicul> f ! v]tex unto ! sole ( !    
foot is sextuple unto 8 bread?1 or a "r 
l9e drawn f ! ribs ( "o side to ano!r2 &
 decuble unto 8 pr(undity2 t is1 a      
direct l9e betwe5 ! brea/ bone & ! sp9e4
  ,aga91 ,!y receive n ^! conditions )  
any assurance or /ability f our selves4 
,= ! relative f\ndations & po9ts (      
d5om9ation1 are n fix$ & c]ta91 b       
v>i\sly design$ accord+ to imag9ation4  
,! ,philosoph] acc\nts t ,ea/ f :5ce !  
,heav5s beg9 _! motion4 ,! ,a/ronom]    
reg>d+ ! ,s\? & ,m]idian ,sun1 calls t !
 dextr\s "p ( ,heav5 :i* respecte? 8 "r 

h&2 & t is ! ,we/4 ,poets respect+ !    
,we/1 assign ! "n ( "r unto ! ,nor?1 :i*
 reg>de? _! "r h&2 & s mu/ t ( ,ovid be 
expla9$ utque du dextr ,zon totidemqu   
s9i/r4 ,,sn3 ,decl>able f ! orig9al     
expression1 ,psalm #hi4 #ac4 ,b ,augurs 
or ,s\?say]s turn+ _! face to ! ,ea/1   
did make ! "r 9 ! ,s\?2 :i* 0 also      
obs]v$ by ! ,hebrews & ,*aldeans4 ,n[ if
 we "n ! qu>t]s ( ,heav5 respectively   
unto our sides1 x w be no c]ta9 or      
inv>iable d5om9ation4 ,= if we call t ! 
"r side ( ,heav5 :i* is seat$ ,ea/]ly   
unto u1 :5 we reg>d ! ,m]idian ,sun2 !  
inhabitants beyond ! quator & ,s\!rn    
,tropick :5 !y face u1 reg>d+ !         
,m]idian1 w contr>ily def9e x2 = unto   
!m1 ! opposite "p ( ,heav5 w respect !  
left1 & ! ,sun arise to _! "r4  ,& ?us h
 we at l>ge decl>$ t al?\gh ! "r be mo/ 
commonly us$1 yet ha? x no regul> or    
c]ta9 root 9 nature4 ,s9ce x is n       
confirmable f o!r ,animals3 ,s9ce 9     
,*ildr5 x seems ei!r indiff]5t or m     
fav\rable 9 ! o!r2 b m reasonable =     

uni=mity 9 action1 t ,m5 accu/om unto   
"o3 ,s9ce ! gr\nds & reasons urg$ = x1 d
 n suffici5tly support x3 ,s9ce if !re  
be a "r & /rong] side 9 nature1 yet may 
we mi/ake 9 its d5om9ation2 call+ t ! "r
 :i* is ! left1 & ! left :i* is ! "r4   
,s9ce "s h "o "r1 "s bo?1 "s nei!r4 ,&  
la/ly1 ,s9ce ^! affections 9 ,man are n 
only fallible 9 relation unto "o ano!r1 
b made also 9 ref]5ce unto ! ,heav5s1 !y
 be+ n capable ( ^! conditions 9        
!mselves1 nor ) any c]ta9ty f u1 nor we 
f !m aga94  ,& !re=e :at admission we ow
 unto _m conceptions conc]n+ "r & left1 
require? circumspection4 ,t is1 h[ f> we
 ought to rely ^u ! rem$y 9 ,kiranides1 
t is1 ! left eye ( an ,h$g-hog fri$ 9   
oyl to procure sleep1 & ! "r foot ( a   
,frog 9 a ,de>s sk9 = ! ,g\t2 or t to   
dream ( ! loss ( "r or left too?1       
presage? ! dea? ( male or female k9dr$1 
accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,artemidorus4    
,:at v]ity !re is 9 t num]al conceit 9 !
 lat]al division ( ,man by ev5 & odd1   
ascrib+ ! odd unto ! "r side1 & ev5 unto

 ! left2 & s by p>ity or imp>ity (      
lett]s 9 ,m5s names to det]m9e mis=tunes
 on ei!r side ( _! bodies2 by :i* acc\nt
 9 ,greek num]ation1 ,heph/us or ,vulcan
 0 lame 9 ! "r foot1 & ,anibal lo/ 8 "r 
eye4 ,& la/ly1 :at sub/ance !re is 9 t  
,auspicial pr9ciple1 & fundam5tal       
doctr9e ( ,ariolation1 t ! left h& is   
om9\s1 & t good ?+s d pass s9i/r\sly ^u 
u1 because ! left h& ( man respect$ ! "r
 h& ( ! ,gods1 :i* h&$ _! fav\rs unto u4
                                        
,,*apt] ,,vi                        ,(  
,swimm+ & ,float+4   ,t ,m5 swim        
naturally1 if n di/urb$ by fe>2 t ,m5   
be+ dr[n$ & sunk1 d float ! n9? day :5  
_! gall breake?2 t ,wom5 dr[n$1 swim    
prone1 b ,m5 sup9e1 or ^u _! backs2 are 
popul> affirmations1 :]eto we _c ass5t4 
,& fir/1 t ,man %\ld swim naturally1    
because we obs]ve x is no lesson unto   
o!r ,animals1 we are n =w>d to conclude2
 = o!r ,animals swim 9 ! same mann] z !y
 g1 & ne$ no o!r way ( motion = natation
 9 ! wat]1 !n = progression ^u ! l&4 ,& 

?is is true :e!r !y move p] lat]a1 t is1
 two legs ( "o side toge!r1 :i* is      
,tollutation or ambl+2 or p] diametrum1 
lift+ "o foot be=e1 & ! cross foot      
beh9d1 :i* is succussation or trott+2 or
 :e!r p] frontem or quadratum1 z        
,scalig] t]ms x1 ^u a squ>e base1 ! legs
 ( bo? sides mov+ toge!r1 z ,frogs &    
sali5t ,animals1 :i* is prop]ly call$   
leap+4 ,= by ^! motions !y are able to  
support & impel !mselves 9 ! wat]1 )\t  
alt]ation 9 ! /roak ( _! legs1 or       
position ( _! bodies4  ,b ) ,man x is   
p]=m$ o!rwise2 = 9 reg>d ( site he alt]s
 8 natural po/ure & swimme? prone2 :]eas
 he walke? erect4 ,aga91 9 progression !
 arms move p>allel to ! legs1 & ! arms &
 legs unto ea* o!r2 b 9 natation !y     
int]sect & make all sorts ( angles4 ,&  
la/ly1 9 progressive motion1 ! arms &   
legs d move successively1 b 9 natation  
bo? toge!r2 all :i* aptly to p]=m1 & s z
 to support & advance ! body1 is a po9t 
( ,art1 & su* z "s 9 _! "y & docile ye>s
 c\ld nev] atta94 ,b al?\gh swimm+ be   

acquir$ by art1 yet is !re some:at m (  
nature 9 x !n we obs]ve 9 o!r habits1   
nor w x /rictly fall "u t def9ition2 =  
once obta9$1 x is n to be remov$2 nor is
 !re any :o f disuse did ev] yet =get x4
  ,secondly1 ,t p]sons dr[n$ arise &    
float ! n9? day :5 _! gall breake?1 is a
 que/ionable det]m9ation bo? 9 ! "t &   
cause4 ,= ! "t ( float+1 x is unc]ta9   
accord+ to ! "t ( putrefaction1 :i* %all
 ret>d or accel]ate accord+ to ! subject
 & season ( ! ye>2 = z we obs]v$1 ,cats 
& ,mice w arise unequally1 & at diff]5t 
times1 ?\gh dr[n$ at ! same4 ,su* z are 
fat d commonly float soone/1 = _! bodies
 soone/ f]m5t1 & t sub/ance approa*e?   
ne>e/ unto air3 & ?is is "o ( ,ari/otles
 reasons :y dead ,eels w n float1       
because sai? he1 !y h b sl5d] bellies1 &
 little fat4  ,sid5ote3 ,:y dr[n$ bodies
 float aft] a "t4  ,z = ! cause1 x is n 
s reasonably imput$ unto ! break+ ( !   
gall z ! putrefaction or corruptive     
firm5tation ( ! body1 :]eby ! unnatural 
heat prevail+1 ! putrify+ p>ts d suff] a

 turgesc5ce & inflation1 & becom+ a]y & 
spum\s affect to approa* ! air1 & asc5d 
unto ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,& ?is is also 
evid5c$ 9 ,eggs1 :]e( ! s\nd ones s9k1 &
 su* z are addl$ swim1 z d also ^? :i*  
are t]m$ hyp5emia or w9d-eggs2 & ?is is 
also a way to sep>ate se$s1 :]e( su* z  
are corrupt$ & /]il1 swim2 & ?is agree? 
n only unto ! se$ ( plants lockt up &   
capsulat$ 9 _! husks1 b also unto ! sp]m
 & sem9al hum\r ( ,man2 = su* a passage 
ha? ,ari/otle ^u ! ,inquisition & te/ ( 
its f]tility4  ,t ! break+ ( ! gall is n
 ! cause h]e(1 exp]i5ce ha? in=m$ u4 ,= 
op5+ ! abdom51 & tak+ out ! gall 9 ,cats
 & ,mice1 !y did not)/&+ arise4 ,&      
because we _h read 9 ,rhodig9us ( a     
,tyrant1 :o to prev5t ! em]g5cy ( murd]$
 bodies1 did use to cut (f _! lungs1 &  
f\nd ,m5s m9ds possess$ ) ?is reason2 we
 committ$ "s unto ! wat] )\t lungs1 :i* 
not)/&+ float$ ) ! o!rs4 ,& to compleat 
! exp]im5t1 al?\gh we took out ! guts & 
bladd]1 & also p]=at$ ! ,cranium1 yet   
w\ld !y arise1 ?\gh 9 a long] "t4 ,f ^! 

obs]vations 9 o!r ,animals1 x may n be  
unreasonable to conclude ! same 9 ,man1 
:o is too noble a subject on :om to make
 !m expressly1 & ! casual opportunity to
 r>e almo/ to make any4 ,n[ if any %\ld 
gr\nd ?is effect f gall or *ol]1 because
 x is ! highe/ hum\r & w be above ! re/2
 or be+ ! fi]y hum\r w readie/ surm\nt !
 wat]1 we mu/ confess 9 ! common        
putresc5ce x may promote elevation1 :i* 
! break+ ( ! bladd] ( gall1 s small a "p
 9 ,man1 _c consid]ably advantage4      
,la/ly1 ,t ,wom5 dr[n$ float prone1 t   
is1 ) _! bellies d[nw>d1 b ,m5 sup9e or 
upw>d1 is an ass]tion :]e9 ! hoti or    
po9t x self is dubi\s2 & 7 x true1 !    
reason all$g$ = x1 is ( no validity4 ,! 
reason yet currant 0 fir/ express$ by   
,pl9y1 veluti pudori defunctorum p>c5te 
natur1 nature mode/ly orda9+ ?is        
position to conceal ! %ame ( ! dead2 :i*
 ha? be5 tak5 up by ,sol9us1 ,rhodig9us1
 & _m m4 ,?is inde$ 7z ,scalig] t]me? x7
 is ratio civilis non philosophica1     
/rong en\gh = morality ( ,rhetoricks1 n 

= ,philosophy or ,physicks4 ,= fir/1 9  
nature ! concealm5t ( secret p>ts is !  
same 9 bo? sexes1 & ! %ame ( _! reveal  
equal3 s ,adam ^u ! ta/ ( ! fruit 0     
a%am$ ( 8 nak$ness z well z ,eve4 ,& s  
likewise 9 ,am]ica & ,c\ntries          
unacqua9t$ ) habits1 :]e mode/y conceals
 ^! p>ts 9 "o sex1 x do? x also 9 ! o!r2
 & !re=e _h ?is be5 ! int5tion ( nature1
 n only ,wom5 b ,m5 also _h swimm$      
d[nw>ds2 ! po/ure 9 reason be+ common   
unto bo?1 :]e ! int5t is also common4   
,aga91 ,:ile h]e9 we comm5d ! mode/y1 we
 condemn ! wisdom ( nature3 = t prone   
position we make h] contrive unto !     
,woman1 7 be/ agreeable unto ! ,man1 9  
:om ! secret p>ts are v ant]i\r & m     
discov]able 9 a sup9e & upw>d po/ure4 ,&
 !re=e ,scalig] decl9+ ?is reason1 ha?  
recurr$ unto ano!r f ! diff]5ce ( p>ts 9
 bo? sexes2 ,quod v5tre va/o sunt       
muli]es pl5oque inte/9is1 itaque m9us   
impletur et subsidet1 inanior m>ibus    
quibus nates prpond]ant3 ,if s1 !n ,m5 )
 great bellies w float d[nw>d1 & only   

,callipyg1 & ,wom5 l>gely compos$ beh9d1
 upw>d4 ,b ,anatomi/s obs]ve1 t to make 
! l>g] cavity = ! ,infant1 ! han* bones 
9 ,wom51 & consequ5tly ! p>ts app5dant  
are m protub]ant !n !y are 9 ,m54 ,!y :o
 ascribe ! cause unto ! brea/s ( ,wom51 
take n away ! d\bt2 = !y resolve n :y   
*ildr5 float d[nw>d1 :o are includ$ 9 t 
sex1 ?\gh n 9 ! reason alleadg$4 ,b h]e(
 we cease to disc\rse1 le/ we und]take  
to af=d a reason ( ! #a;gold5 too?1 t   
is1 to inv5t or assign a cause :5 we    
rema9 unsatisfi$ or unassur$ ( ! effect4
    #a ,( ! cause :]e( mu* dispute 0    
made1 & at la/ prov$ an       impo/ure4 
,t a ,m>e w soon] dr[n !n a ,horse1 ?\gh
 commonly op9ion'd1 is n ,i fe>         
exp]i5c$3 nor is ! same obs]v$1 9 !     
dr[n+ ( ,:elps & ,kitl9s4 ,b t a ,man _c
 %ut or op5 8 eyes "u wat]1 easie       
exp]im5t may convict4 ,:e!r ,cripples & 
mutilat$ ,p]sons1 :o h lo/ ! greate/ "p 
( _! ?ighs1 w n s9k b float1 _! lungs   
be+ abl] to waft up _! bodies1 :i* are 9
 o!rs ov]pois$ by ! h9d] legs2 we h n   

made exp]im5t4 ,?us mu* we obs]ve1 t    
,animals dr[n d[nw>ds1 & ! same is      
obs]vable 9 ,frogs1 :5 ! h9d] legs are  
cut (f4 ,b 9 ! air mo/ seem to p]i%     
headlong f high places2 h[ev] ,vulcan   
?r[n f ,heav51 be made to fall on 8     
feet4                                   
,,*apt] ,,vii                           
,conc]n+ ,weight4   ,t ,m5 weigh heavi] 
dead !n alive1 if exp]im5t ha? n fail$  
u1 we _c reasonably grant4 ,= ?\gh !    
trial h]e( _c s well be made on ! body (
 ,man1 nor w ! diff]5ce be s5sible 9 !  
abate ( scruples & dragms1 yet c we n   
confirm ! same 9 less] ,animals1 f :5ce 
! inf]5ce is good2 & ! affirmative (    
,pl9y sai?1 t x is true 9 all4 ,=       
exactly weigh+ & /rangl+ a ,*ick5 9 !   
,scales2 ^u an imm$iate pond]ation1 we  
c\ld discov] no s5sible diff]5ce 9      
weight2 b suff]+ x to lie eight or t5   
h\rs1 untill x grew p]fectly cold1 x    
weigh$ mo/ s5sibly light]2 ! l we       
attempt$1 & v]ifi$ 9 ,mice1 & p]=m$ _!  
trials 9 ,scales1 t w\ld turn ^u ! eigh?

 or t5? "p ( a gra94  ,n[ :]eas "s      
all$ge t spirits are light] sub/ances1 &
 naturally asc5d+1 d elevate & waft !   
body upw>d1 :]e( dead bodies be+        
de/itute1 contract a great] gravity2    
al?\gh we conc$e t spirits are light1   
comp>atively unto ! body1 yet t !y are  
absolutely s1 or h no weight at all1 we 
_c readily all[4 ,= s9ce ,philosophy    
affirme?1 t spirits are middle sub/ances
 betwe5 ! s\l & body1 !y mu/ admit ( "s 
corporiety1 :i* suppose? weight or      
gravity4 ,beside1 9 c>casses w>m1 &     
bodies newly disanimat$1 :ile           
transpiration rema9e?1 !re d exhale &   
brea? out vapor\s & fluid p>ts1 :i* c>ry
 away "s p[] ( gravitation4 ,:i* ?\gh we
 all[1 we d n make answ]able unto liv+  
expiration2 & !re=e ! ,*ick5 or ,mice 7 
n s light be+ dead1 z !y w\ld h be5 aft]
 t5 h\rs kept alive2 = 9 t space a man  
abate? _m ounces4 ,nor if x _h slept1 = 
9 t space ( sleep1 a ,man w sometimes   
abate f\rty ounces2 nor if x _h be5 9 ! 
middle ( summ]1 = !n a ,man weighe? "s  

p\nds less1 !n 9 ! height ( w9t]2       
accord+ to exp]i5ce1 & ! /atick         
,aphorisms ( ,sanctorius4  ,aga91 ,:]eas
 ,m5 affirm !y p]ceive an addition (    
pond]osity 9 dead bodies1 comp>+ !m     
usually unto blocks & /ones1 :5soev] !y 
lift or c>ry !m2 ?is accessional        
prepond]ancy is r 9 appe>ance !n        
reality4 ,= be+ de/itute ( any motion1  
!y conf] no relief unto ! ,ag5ts1 or    
,elevators2 :i* makes u meet ) ! same   
compla9ts ( gravity 9 animat$ & liv+    
bodies1 :]e ! ,n]ves subside1 & !       
faculty locomotive seems aboli%$2 z may 
be obs]v$ 9 ! lift+ or support+ ( p]sons
 inebriat$1 ,apoplectical1 or 9         
,lypo?ymies & sw\nd+s4  ,_m are also (  
op9ion1 & "s le>n$ ,m5 ma9ta91 t ,m5 are
 light] aft] meals !n be=e1 & t by a    
supply & addition ( spirits obscur+ !   
gross pond]osity ( ! alim5t +e/$2 b !   
contr>y h]e( we h f\nd 9 ! trial (      
sundry p]sons 9 diff]5t sex & ages4 ,&  
we conceive ,m5 may mi/ake if !y di/+ui%
 n ! s5se ( levity unto !mselves1 & 9   

reg>d ( ! scale or decision (           
trut9ation4 ,= aft] a draught ( w9e1 a  
,man may seem light] 9 himself f sudd5  
refection1 al?\gh he be heavi] 9 !      
balance1 f a corporal & pond]\s         
addition2 b a ,man 9 ! morn+ is light] 9
 ! scale1 because 9 sleep "s p\nds h    
p]spir$2 & is also light] unto himself1 
because he is refect$4  ,& to speak     
/rictly1 a ,man t holds 8 brea? is      
weighti] :ile 8 lungs are full1 !n ^u   
expiration4 ,= a bladd] bl[n is weighti]
 !n "o empty1 & if x conta9 a qu>t1     
express$ & empti$ x w abate ab\t a qu>t]
 ( a gra94 ,& !re=e we some:at mi/ru/ ! 
exp]im5t ( a pumice /one tak5 up by     
,montanus1 9 8 ,comm5t ^u ,avic5na1 :]e 
decl>+ h[ ! r>ity ( p>ts1 & num]osity ( 
pores1 occasione? a lightness 9 bodies1 
he affirms t a pumice-/one p[d]$1 is    
light] !n "o entire2 :i* is an exp]im5t 
beyond our satisfaction2 = beside t     
abatem5t c h>dly be avoid$ 9 !          
,trituration2 if a bladd] ( good        
capacity w sc>ce include a gra9 ( air1 a

 pumice ( ?ree or f\r dragms1 _c be     
presum$ to conta9 ! hundr$ "p !re(2 :i* 
w n be s5sible ^u ! exacte/ beams we    
use4 ,nor is x to be tak5 /rictly :i* is
 deliv]$ by ! le>n$ ,"l ,v]ulam1 &      
ref]r$ unto fur!r exp]im5t2 ,t a        
dissolution ( ,iron 9 aqua =tis1 w be> z
 good weight z _! bodies did be=e1      
not)/&+ a great deal ( wa/e by a ?ick   
vap\r t issue? dur+ ! work+2 = we _c f9d
 x to hold nei!r 9 ,iron nor ,copp]1 :i*
 is dissolv$ ) less ebullition2 & h]e(  
we made trial 9 ,scales ( good          
exactness3 :]e9 if !re be a defect1 or  
su* z w n turn ^u qu>t] gra9s1 !re may  
be frequ5t mi/akes 9 exp]im5ts ( ?is    
nature4 ,t also may be consid]$ :i* is  
deliv]$ by ,ham]us ,poppius,,sn3        
,basilica ,antimonii41 t ,antimony      
calc9'd or r$uc$ to a%es by a burn+     
glass1 al?\gh x emit a gross & pond]\s  
exhalation1 do? r exce$ !n abate its =m]
 gravity4 ,nev]!less1 /range x is2 h[ v 
little & almo/ ins5sible abatem5t !re w 
be sometimes 9 su* op]ations1 or r "s   

encrease1 z 9 ! ref9+ ( metals1 9 ! te/ 
( bone a%es1 accord+ to exp]i5ce3 & 9 a 
burnt brick1 z ,monsieur de ,clave,,sn3 
,des ,pi]res4 affirme?4 ,mi/ake may be  
made 9 ?is way ( trial1 :5 ! ,antimony  
is n weigh$ imm$iately ^u ! calc9ation2 
b p]mitt$ ! air1 x imbibe? ! humidity   
!re(1 & s repaire? its gravity4         
,,*apt] ,,viii                    ,( !  
passage ( ,meat & ,dr9k4   ,t !re are   
diff]5t passages = ,meat & ,dr9k1 !     
,meat or dry alim5t desc5d+ by ! "o1 !  
,dr9k or moi/5+ vehicle by ! o!r1 is a  
popul> ,t55t 9 our daies1 b 0 ! ass]tion
 ( le>n$ m5 ( old4 ,= ! same 0 affirm$  
by ,plato1 ma9ta9$ by ,eu/a?ius 9       
,macrobius1 & is d$ucible f ,erato/h5es1
 ,eupolis & ,euripides4 ,n[ h]e9 ,m5    
contradict exp]i5ce1 n well und]/&+     
,anatomy1 & ! use ( p>ts4 ,= at ! ,?roat
 !re are two cavities or conduct+ p>ts2 
! "o ! ,oesophagus or ,gullet1 seat$    
next ! sp9e1 a "p (ficial unto          
nutrition1 & :]eby ! alim5t bo? wet &   
dry is convei$ unto ! /omack2 ! o!r 7by 

:i* tis conceiv$ ! ,dr9k do? pass7 is ! 
weazon1 r\gh art]y1 or w9d-pipe1 a "p   
ins]vi5t to voice & respiration2 = !reby
 ! air desc5de? into ! lungs1 & is      
communicat$ unto ! he>t4 ,& !re=e all   
,animals t brea? or h lungs1 h also !   
weazon2 b _m h ! gullet or fe$+ *annel1 
:i* h no lungs or w9d-pipe2 z fi%es :i* 
h gils1 :]eby ! he>t is refrig]at$2 =   
su* !re( z h lungs & respiration1 are n 
)\t ! weazon1 z ,:ales & cetace\s       
,animals4  ,aga91 ,beside ^! p>ts de/9'd
 to div]s (fices1 !re is a peculi>      
provision = ! w9d-pipe1 t is1 a         
c>tilag9e\s flap ^u ! op5+ ( ! ,l>9x or 
,?rottle1 :i* ha? an op5 cavity = !     
admission ( ! air2 b le/ !reby ei!r meat
 or dr9k %\ld desc5d1 ,provid5ce ha?    
plac$ ! ,epiglottis1 ,ligula1 or flap l 
an ,ivy leaf1 :i* alwaies close? :5 we  
swall[1 or :5 ! meat & dr9k passe? ov] x
 into ! gullet4 ,:i* "p al?\gh all h n t
 brea?1 z all cetace\s & ovip>\s        
,animals1 yet is ! weazon secur$ "s o!r 
way2 & !re=e 9 ,:ales t brea?1 lea/ !   

wat] %\ld get into ! lungs1 an ejection 
!re( is contriv$ by a ,fi/ula or sp\t at
 ! head4 ,& !re=e also ?\gh birds h no  
,epiglottis1 yet c !y s contract ! rim  
or *9k ( _! ,l>9x1 z to prev5t !        
admission ( wet or dry +e/$2 ei!r :]e(  
gett+ 91 occasione? a c\gh1 until x be  
eject$4 ,,sn3 ,:y a man _c dr9k & brea? 
at once4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y a ,man _c
 dr9k & brea? at ! same "t2 :y1 if we   
laugh :ile we dr9k1 ! dr9k flies out at 
! no/rils2 :y1 :5 ! wat] ent]s ! weazon1
 ,m5 are sudd5ly dr[n$2 & ?us mu/ x be  
und]/ood1 :5 we read ,,sn3 ,anacreon !  
,poet1 if ! /ory be tak5 lit]ally4 ( "o 
t di$ by ! se$ ( a ,grape1 & ano!r by an
 hair 9 milk4  ,n[ if any %all /ill     
affirm1 t "s tru? !re is 9 ! ass]tion1  
^u ! exp]im5t ( ,hippocrates1 :o kill+  
an ,hog aft] a r$ potion1 f\nd ! t9cture
 !re( 9 ! ,l>9x2 if any w urge ! same f 
m$ical practice1 because 9 affections   
bo? ( ,lungs & weazon1 ,physitians make 
use ( syrupes1 & lambitive m$ic9es2 we  
are n av]se to ackn[l$ge1 t "s may di/il

 & ins9uate into ! w9d-pipe1 & m$ic9es  
may creep d[n1 z well z ! rheum be=e !m2
 yet to conclude f h5ce1 t air & wat] h 
bo? "o common passage1 7 to /ate ! "q ^u
 ! weak] side ( ! di/9ction1 & f a      
p>tial or guttul\s irrigation1 to       
conclude a total desc5sion4             
,,*apt] ,,ix                            
,( ,sneez+4   ,conc]n+ ,/]nutation or   
,sneez+1 & ! cu/om ( salut+ or bless+ ^u
 t motion1 x is pret5d$1 & g5]ally      
believ$ to d]ive its orig9al f a        
disease1 :]e9 ,/]nutation prov$ mortal1 
& su* z ,sneez$1 di$4 ,& ?is may seem to
 be prov$ f ,c>olus ,sigonius1 :o 9 8   
,hi/ory ( ,italy1 makes m5tion ( a      
,pe/il5ce 9 ! "t ( ,gregory ! ,great1 t 
prov$ p]niti\s & deadly to ^? t ,sneez$4
 ,:i* not)/&+ w n suffici5tly det]m9e ! 
gr\nds h]e(3 t cu/om hav+ an eld] ra1 !n
 ?is ,*ronology af=de?4  ,= al?\gh ! age
 ( ,gregory ext5d above a ?\s&1 yet is  
?is cu/om m5tion$ by ,apuleius1 9 !     
,fable ( ! ,full]s wife1 :o liv$ ?ree   
hundr$ ye>s be=e2 by ,pl9y 9 t ,problem 

( 81 ,cur ,/]nutantes salutantur2 & !re 
are also reports t ,tib]ius ! ,emp]\r1  
o!rwise a v s[] ,man1 w\ld p]=m ?is rite
 mo/ punctually unto o!rs1 & expect !   
same f o!rs1 unto himself4 ,petronius   
,arbit]1 :o liv$ be=e !m bo?1 & 0       
,proconsul ( ,by?9ia 9 ! raign ( ,n]o1  
ha? m5tion$ x 9 ^! words1 ,gyton        
collectione spiritus pl5us1 t] cont9uo  
ita /]nutavit ut grabatum concut]et1 ad 
quem motum ,eumolpus conv]sus1 ,salv]e  
,gytona jubet4 ,clius ,rhodig9us ha? an 
example h]e( among ! ,greeks1 f> anti5t]
 ?an ^!1 t is1 9 ! "t ( ,cyrus ! y\ng]2 
:5 consult+ ab\t _! retreat1 x *anc$ t  
"o among !m ,sneez$2 at ! noise :]e(1 ! 
re/ ( ! ,s\ldi]s call$ ^u ,jupit] ,sot]4
 ,!re is also 9 ! ,greek ,an?ology ,,sn3
 ,a ,collection ( ,greek ,epigrams1     
,titulo  41 a rem>kable m5tion h]e( 9 an
 ,epigram1 ^u "o ,proclus2 ! ,lat9 :]e( 
we %all deliv]1 z we f9d x (t5          
translat$4            ,non potis e/     
,proclus digitis emung]e nasum1         
,namq2 e/ pro nasi mole pusilla manus3  

,non vocat ille ,jovem /]nutans1 quippe1
 nec audit             ,/]nutam5tum1 tam
 procul aure sonat4           ,proclus )
 8 h& 8 nose c nev] wipe1             ,8
 h& too little is 8 nose to gripe2      
,he ,sneez+ calls n ,jove1 = :y8 he he>s
             ,himself n ,sneeze1 !      
s\nd's s f> f's e>s4  ,nor 0 ?is only an
 anci5t cu/om among ! ,greeks & ,romans1
 & is /ill 9 =ce ) u1 b is receiv$ at   
?is day 9 remote/ p>ts ( ,africa4 ,= s  
we read 9 ,codignus,,sn3 ,de rebus      
,abass9orum2 t ^u a ,sneeze ( ! ,emp]\r 
( ,monomotapa1 !re pass$ acclamations   
successively ?r\gh ! ,city4 ,& z        
rem>kable an example !re is ( ! same    
cu/om1 9 ! remote/ p>ts ( ! ,ea/1       
record$ 9 ! travels ( ,p9to,,sn3 ,buxt4 
,lex4 ,*ald44  ,b ! hi/ory w run mu*    
high]1 if we %\ld take 9 ! ,rab9ical    
acc\nt h]e(2 t ,sneez+ 0 a mortal sign  
ev5 f ! fir/ ,man2 until x 0 tak5 (f by 
! special supplication ( ,jacob4 ,f     
:5ce1 z a ?ankful ackn[l$gm5t1 ?is      
salutation fir/ began2 & 0 aft] cont9u$ 

by ! expression ( ,tobim ,*aiim1 or vita
 bona1 by /&]s by1 ^u all occasion (    
,sneez+4  ,sid5ote3 ,:5ce ,/]nutation or
 ,sneez+ proce$s4  ,n[ ! gr\nd ( ?is    
anci5t cu/om 0 probably ! op9ion !      
anci5ts held ( /]nutation1 :i* !y       
g5]ally conceiv$1 to be a good sign or a
 bad1 & s ^u ?is motion accord+ly us$1 a
 ,salve or  1 z a gratulation = ! "o1 & 
a deprecation = ! o!r4 ,n[ ( ! waies    
:]eby !y enquir$ & det]m9$ its          
signality2 ! fir/ 0 natural1 aris+ f    
,physical causes1 & consequ5ces (t5times
 naturally succe$+ ?is motion2 & s x    
might be ju/ly e/eem$ a good sign4 ,=   
,sneez+ be+ prop]ly a motion ( ! bra91  
sudd5ly expell+ ?r\gh ! no/rils :at is  
(f5sive unto x1 x _c b af=d "s evid5ce (
 its vig\r2 & !re=e sai? ,ari/otle,,sn3 
,problem ,sect4 #cc41 !y t he> x1   1   
hon\r x z some:at sacr$1 & a sign (     
,sanity 9 ! div9] "p2 & ?is he          
illu/rates f ! practice ( ,physitians1  
:o 9 p]sons ne> dea?1 d use             
,/]nutatories1 or su* m$ic9es z provoke 

unto ,sneez+2 :5 if ! faculty awake?1 & 
,/]nutation ensue?1 !y conceive hopes ( 
life1 & ) gratulation receive ! signs ( 
safety4 ,,sn3 ,9 :at cases a sign (     
good4 ,& s is x also ( good signality1  
accord+ to t ( ,hippocrates1 t ,sneez+  
cure? ! hicket1 & is pr(itable unto     
,wom5 9 h>d lab\r2 & s is x good 9      
,le?>gies1 ,apoplexies1 ,catalepsies1 & 
,coma's ,,sn3 #b4 ,k+ #d4 #ce44 ,,sn3 ,9
 :at ( bad4 ,& 9 ?is natural way x is   
sometime likewise ( bad effects or      
signs1 & may give h9ts ( deprecation2 z 
9 diseases ( ! *e/2 = !re9 ,hippocrates 
condemne? x z too mu* exagitat+3 9 !    
beg9n+ ( ,cat>rhs accord+ unto ,avic5na1
 z h9d]+ concoction1 9 new & t5d]       
conceptions 7z ,pl9y obs]ve?7 = !n x    
endang]s abortion4  ,! second way 0     
sup]/iti\s & ,augurial1 z ,clius        
,rhodig9us ha? illu/rat$ 9 te/imonies1 z
 anci5t z ,!ocritus & ,hom]3 z appe>s f 
! ,a!nian ,ma/]1 :o w\ld h retir$1      
because a ,boat-man ,sneez$2 & !        
te/imony ( ,au/91 t ! ,anci5ts 7 wont to

 g to b$ aga9 if !y ,sneez$ :ile !y put 
on _! %oe4 ,& 9 ?is way x 0 also ( good 
& bad signification2 s ,ari/otle ha? a  
,problem1 :y ,sneez+ f noon unto        
midnight 0 good1 b f night to noon      
unlucky8 ,s ,eu/a?ius ^u ,hom] obs]ves1 
t ,sneez+ to ! left h& 0 unlucky1 b     
prosp]\s unto ! "r2 s1 z ,plut>*        
relate?1 :5 ,!mi/ocles sacrific$ 9 8    
galley be=e ! battle ( ,x]xes1 & "o ( ! 
assi/ants ^u ! "r h& sneez$2            
,euphrantides ! ,s\?say]1 presag$ !     
victory ( ! ,greeks1 & ! ov]?r[ ( !     
,p]sians4  ,?us we may p]ceive ! cu/om  
is m anci5t !n commonly conceiv$2 & ^!  
op9ions h]e( 9 all ages1 n any "o       
disease to h be5 ! occasion ( ?is salute
 & deprecation4 ,aris+ at fir/ f ?is    
vehem5t & affright+ motion ( ! bra91    
inevitably obs]vable unto ! /&]s by2 f  
:5ce "s f9d+ dep5d5t effects to ensue2  
o!rs ascrib+ h]eto z a cause :at p]haps 
b casually or inconnex$ly succe$$2 !y   
might proce$ unto =ms ( spee*es1        
felicitat+ ! good1 or deprecat+ ! evil  

to foll[4                               
,,*apt] ,x                              
,( ! ,jews4   ,t ,jews /9k naturally1 t 
is1 t 9 _! race & nation !re is an evil 
sav\r1 is a receiv$ op9ion we "k n h[ to
 admit2 al?\gh conc$e _m que/ionable    
po9ts1 & dispute n ! v]ity ( sundry     
op9ions :i* are ( aff9ity h]eto4 ,we w  
ackn[l$g t c]ta9 od\rs att5d on animals1
 no less !n c]ta9 col\rs2 t pleasant    
smels are n conf9$ unto vegetables1 b   
f\nd 9 div]s animals1 & "s m ri*ly !n 9 
plants4 ,& ?\gh ! ,problem ( ,ari/otle  
enquire :y no animal smels sweet beside 
! ,p>de8 yet lat] discov]ies add div]s  
sorts ( ,monkeys1 ! ,civet ,cat &       
,gazela1 f :i* our ,musk proce$e?4 ,we  
confess t beside ! smell ( ! species1   
!re may be individual od\rs1 & e ,man   
may h a prop] & peculi> sav\r2 :i*      
al?\gh n p]ceptible unto ,man1 :o ha?   
?is s5se1 b weak1 yet s5sible unto      
,dogs1 :o h]eby c s+le out _! ma/]s 9 ! 
d>k4 ,we w n d5y t p>ticul> ,m5 h s5t =?
 a pleasant sav\r1 z ,!ophra/us &       

,plut>* report ( ,alex&] ! great1 &     
,tzetzes & ,c>dan d te/ifie ( !mselves4 
,t "s may also emit an unsavory od\r1 we
 h no reason to d5y2 = ?is may happ5 f !
 quality ( :at !y h tak52 ! ,ftor :]e(  
may discov] x self by sweat & ur9e1 z   
be+ unma/]able by ! natural heat ( ,man1
 n to be dulcifi$ by concoction beyond  
an unsavory condition3 ! l may come to  
pass f putrid hum\rs1 z is (t5          
discov]able 9 putrid & malignant feav]s4
 ,& sometime also 9 gross & humid bodies
 ev5 9 ! latitude ( sanity2 ! natural   
heat ( ! p>ts be+ insuffici5t = a p]fect
 & ?r\gh dige/ion1 & ! errors ( "o      
concoction n rectifiable by ano!r4 ,b t 
an unsavory od\r is g5tiliti\s or       
national unto ! ,jews1 if rightly       
und]/ood1 we _c well conc$e2 nor w !    
in=mation ( reason or s5ce induce x4  ,=
 fir/1 ,^u consult ( reason1 !re w be   
f\nd no easie assurance to fa/5 a       
mat]ial or temp]am5tal propriety ^u any 
nation2 !re be+ sc>ce any condition 7b  
:at dep5ds ^u clime7 :i* is n exhau/$ or

 obscur$ f ! commixture ( introv5i5t    
nations ei!r by comm]ce or conque/2 mu* 
m w x be difficult to make out ?is      
affection 9 ! ,jews2 ^: race h[ev]      
pret5d$ to be pure1 mu/ ne$s h suff]$   
insep>able commixtures ) nations ( all  
sorts2 n only 9 reg>d ( _! proselytes1 b
 _! univ]sal disp]sion2 "s be+ po/$ f   
sev]al p>ts ( ! e>?1 o!rs q lo/1 &      
swall[$ up 9 ^? nations :]e !y plant$4  
,= ! tribes ( ,reub51 ,gad1 "p (        
,manasses & ,naph?ali1 :i* 7 tak5 by    
,assur1 & ! re/ at ! ,sack+ ( ,sam>ia1  
:i* 7 l$ away by ,salmanass] into       
,assyria1 & aft] a ye> & half arriv$ at 
,ars]e?1 z is deliv]$ 9 ,esdras2 ^! ,i  
say nev] return$1 & are by ! ,jews z    
va9ly expect$ z _! ,messias4 ,( ^? ( !  
tribe ( ,judah & ,b5jam91 :i* 7 l$      
captive into ,babylon by ,nebu*adnezz>1 
_m return$ "u ,zorobabel2 ! re/ rema9$1 
& f !nce long aft] ^u invasion ( !      
,s>ac5s1 fl$ z f> z ,india2 :]e yet !y  
are said to rema91 b ) little diff]5ce f
 ! ,g5tiles4  ,! ,tribes t return$ to   

,judea1 7 aft]w>d widely disp]s$2 =     
beside sixte5 ?\s& :i* ,titus s5t to    
,rome unto ! triumph ( 8 fa!r           
,vespasian1 he sold no less !n an hundr$
 ?\s& = slaves4 ,n _m ye>s aft]1 ,adrian
 ! ,emp]\r1 :o ru9$ ! :ole ,c\ntrey1    
transplant$ _m ?\s&s into ,spa91 f :5ce 
!y disp]s$ into div]s ,c\ntreys1 z into 
,france & ,engl&1 b 7 bani%$ aft] f bo?4
 ,f ,spa9 !y disp]s$ into ,africa1      
,italy1 ,con/ant9ople1 & ! ,dom9ions ( !
 ,turk1 :]e !y rema9 z yet 9 v great    
numb]s4 ,& if 7accord+ to good          
relations7 :]e !y may freely speak x1 !y
 =be> n to boa/ t !re are at pres5t _m  
?\s& ,jews 9 ,spane1 ,france & ,engl&1 &
 "s disp5s$ )all ev5 to ! degree (      
,prie/hood2 x is a matt] v consid]able1 
& c\ld !y be smell$ out1 w\ld mu*       
advantage1 n only ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 b    
also ! c(f]s ( ,pr9ces4  ,n[ hav+ ?us   
liv$ 9 sev]al ,c\ntries1 & alwaies 9    
subjection1 !y mu/ ne$s h suff]$ _m     
commixtures2 & we are sure !y are n     
exempt$ f ! common contagion ( ,v5]y    

contract$ fir/ f ,*ri/ians4 ,nor z      
=nications unfrequ5t betwe5 !m bo?2 !re 
commonly pass+ op9ions ( invitem5t1 t _!
 ,wom5 desire copulation ) !m r !n _!   
own ,nation1 & affect ,*ri/ian c>nality 
above circumcis$ v5]y4 ,x be+ !re=e     
ackn[l$g$1 t "s are lo/1 evid5t t o!rs  
are mix$1 & n assur$ t any are di/9ct1 x
 w be h>d to e/abli% ?is quality ^u !   
,jews1 unless we also transf] ! same    
unto ^? ^: g5]ations are mix$1 ^:       
g5ealogies are ,jewi%1 & naturally d]iv$
 f !m4  ,aga91 if we conc$e a ,national 
unsav\r9ess 9 any p1 yet %all we f9d !  
,jews less subject h]eto !n any1 & t 9  
^? reg>ds :i* mo/ p[]fully concur to su*
 effects1 t is1 _! diet & g5]ation4     
,,sn3 ,! ,jews g5]ally v temp]ate4 ,z = 
_! diet :e!r 9 ob$i5ce unto ! precepts (
 reason1 or ! injunctions ( p>simony1   
!re9 !y are v temp]ate2 seldom (f5d+ 9  
ebriety or excess ( dr9k1 nor err+ 9    
gulosity or sup]fluity ( meats2 :]eby !y
 prev5t indige/ion & crudities1 &       
consequ5tly putresc5ce ( humors4 ,!y h 9

 abom9ation all fle% maim$1 or ! inw>ds 
any way vitiat$2 & !re=e eat no meat b (
 _! own kill+4 ,!y obs]ve n only fa/s at
 c]ta9 times1 b are re/ra9$ unto v few  
di%es at all times2 s few1 t :]eas ,/4  
,pet]s %eet w h>dly cov] our ,tables1 _!
 ,law do? sc>ce p]mit !m to set =? a    
,lordly fea/2 nor any way to answ] !    
luxury ( our times1 or ^? ( our         
=e-fa!rs4 ,= ( fle% _! ,law re/ra9s !m  
_m sorts1 & su* z compleat our fea/s3 ,t
 ,animal1 ,propt] convivia natum ,,sn3  
,quanta e/ gula1 qu sibi totos ponit    
,apros6 ,animal propt] convivia natum41 
!y t\* n1 nor any ( its prep>ations1 or 
p>ts s mu* 9 respect at ,roman ,tables1 
nor admit !y unto _! bo>d1 ,h>es1       
,conies1 ,h]ons1 ,plov]s or ,swans4 ,(  
,fi%es !y only ta/e ( su* z h bo? f9s & 
scales2 :i* are comp>atively b few 9    
numb]1 su* only1 sai? ,ari/otle1 ^: ,egg
 or spawn is ar5ace\s2 :]eby are exclud$
 all cetace\s & c>tilagi\s ,fi%es2 _m   
pect9al1 ^: ribs are rectil9eal2 _m     
co/al1 :i* h _! ribs emb[$2 all sp9al1  

or su* z h no ribs1 b only a back bone1 
or some:at analog\s !reto1 z ,eels1     
,cong]s1 ,lampries2 all t are te/ace\s1 
z ,oy/]s1 ,cocles1 ,wilks1 ,scollops1   
,muscles2 & likewise all cru/ace\s1 z   
,crabs1 ,%rimps & ,lob/]s4 ,s t obs]v+ a
 sp>e & simple diet1 :]eby !y prev5t !  
g5]ation ( crudities2 & fa/+ (t5 :]eby  
!y might also dige/ !m2 !y mu/ be less  
incl9able unto ?is infirmity !n any o!r 
,nation1 ^: proce$+s are n s reasonable 
to avoid x4  ,z = _! g5]ations &        
conceptions 7:i* are ! pur] f good      
diet17 !y become m pure & p]fect by !   
/rict obs]vation ( _! ,law2 ^u !        
injunctions :]e(1 !y sev]ely obs]ve !   
times ( ,purification1 & avoid all      
copulation1 ei!r 9 ! uncleanness (      
!mselves1 or impurity ( _! ,wom54 ,a    
,rule1 ,i fe>1 n s well obs]v$ by       
,*ri/ians2 :]eby n only conceptions are 
prev5t$1 b if !y proce$1 s vitiat$ &    
defil$1 t durable inqu9ations rema9 ^u !
 bir?4 ,,sn3 ,! orig9al or mat]ial      
causes ( ! ,pox & ,meazels4 ,:i*1 :5 !  

conception meets ) ^! impurities1 mu/   
ne$s be v pot5t2 s9ce 9 ! pure/ & mo/   
fair conceptions1 le>n$ ,m5 d]ive !     
cause ( ,pox & ,meazels1 f pr9ciples ( t
 nature2 t is1 ! m5/r\s impurities 9 !  
,mo!rs blood1 & virul5t t9ctures        
contract$ by ! ,infant1 9 ! nutrim5t ( !
 womb4  ,la/ly1 ,exp]i5ce w convict x2 =
 ?is (f5sive odor is no way discov]able 
9 _! ,synagogues :]e _m are1 & by reason
 ( _! numb] c\ld n be conceal$3 nor is !
 same disc]nable 9 comm]ce or           
conv]sation ) su* z are cleanly 9       
,app>el1 & dec5t 9 _! ,h\ses4 ,surely ! 
,vizi>s & ,turki% ,ba%a's are n ( ?is   
op9ion2 :o z ,sir ,h5ry ,blunt in=me?1 d
 g5]ally keep a ,jew ( _! private       
,c\nsel4 ,& 7 ?is true1 ! ,jews !mselves
 d n /rictly make out ! int5tion ( _!   
,law1 = 9 va9 d !y scruple to approa* ! 
dead1 :o liv+ly are cadav]\s1 or fe> any
 outw>d pollution1 ^: temp] pollutes    
!mselves4 ,& la/ly1 7 ?is true1 yet our 
op9ion is n imp>tial2 = unto conv]t$    
,jews :o are ( ! same se$1 no ,man      

impute? ?is unsav\ry odor2 z ?\gh       
,aromatiz$ by _! conv]sion1 !y lo/ _!   
sc5t ) _! ,religion1 & smelt no long] !n
 !y sav\r$ ( ! ,jew4  ,n[ ! gr\nd t     
begat or propagat$ ?is ass]tion1 might  
be ! di/a/eful av]sness ( ! ,*ri/ian f !
 ,jew1 ^u ! villany ( t fact1 :i* made  
!m abom9able & /9k 9 ! no/rils ( all    
,m54 ,:i* real practise1 & metaphorical 
expression1 did aft] proce$ into a      
lit]al con/ruction2 b 0 a fraudul5t     
illation2 = su* an evil sav\r _! fa!r   
,jacob ackn[l$g$ 9 himself1 ,,sn3 ,g54  
#cd4 :5 he said1 8 sons _h made him /9k 
9 ! l&1 t is1 to be abom9able unto !    
inhabitants !re(4 ,n[ h[ dang]\s x is 9 
s5sible ?+s to use metaphorical         
expressions unto ! p1 & :at absurd      
conceits !y w swall[ 9 _! lit]als2 an   
impati5t example we h 9 our pr(ession2  
:o hav+ call$ an eat5 ulc] by ! "n ( a  
,wolf1 common appreh5sion conceives a   
reality !re92 & aga9/ our selves1 ocul> 
affirmations are pret5d$ to confirm x4  
,! na/9ess ( t ,nation1 & slutti% c\rse 

( life ha? mu* promot$ ! op9ion1        
occasion$ by _! s]vile condition at     
fir/1 & inf]i\r ways ( p>simony ev]     
s9ce2 z is deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,s&ys4 ,!y   
are g5]ally fat1 sai? he1 & rank ( !    
sav\rs :i* att5d ^u slutti% corpul5cy4  
,! ,epi!tes assign$ !m by anci5t times1 
h also advanc$ ! same2 = ,ammianus      
,m>cell9us describe? !m 9 su* language2 
& ,m>tial m anci5t1 9 su* a relative    
expression sets =? unsav\ry ,bassa4     
,quod jejunia ,sabbatoriorum4           
,mallem1 quam quod oles1 ol]e ,bassa4   
,f :5ce not)/&+ we _c inf] an inw>d     
imp]fection 9 ! temp] ( t ,nation2 x be+
 b an effect 9 ! brea? f outw>d         
obs]vation1 9 _! /rict & t$i\s fa/+2 & 0
 a common effect 9 ! brea?s ( o!r       
,nations1 became a ,prov]b ,,sn3  4     
,iejunia ol]e4 among ! ,greeks1 & !     
reason !re( begot a ,problem 9          
,ari/otle4  ,la/ly1 ,if all 7 true1 & 7 
?is sav\r conc$$1 yet are ! reasons     
alleadg$ = x no way satisfactory4       
,hu*]ius,,sn3 ,de /]ilitate1 & aft] him 

,als>ius ,crucius,,sn3 ,cruc4 ,m$4      
,epi/41 imputes ?is effect unto _!      
ab/95ce f salt or salt meats2 :i* h[ to 
make good 9 ! pres5t diet ( ! ,jews1 we 
"k n2 nor %all we conceive x 0 obs]v$ ( 
old1 if we consid] !y season$ e         
,sacrifice1 & all oblations :atsoev]2   
:]e( we _c d5y a great "p 0 eat5 by !   
,prie/s4 ,& if ! (f]+ 7 ( fle%1 x 0     
salt$ no less ?an ?rice1 t is1 once 9 ! 
common *amb] ( salt1 at ! foot-/ep ( !  
,alt>1 & ^u ! top !re(1 z is at l>ge    
deliv]$ by ,maimonides4 ,nor if !y      
refra9$ all salt1 is ! illation v urg5t2
 = _m !re are1 n not$ = ill od\rs1 :i*  
eat no salt at all2 z all c>nivor\s     
,animals1 mo/ ,*ildr51 _m :ole ,nations1
 & probably our ,fa!rs aft] ! ,creation2
 !re be+ inde$ 9 e ?+ we eat1 a natural 
& conceal$ salt1 :i* is sep>at$ by      
dige/ions1 z do? appe> 9 our te>s1 sweat
 & ur9es1 al?\gh we refra9 all salt1 or 
:at do? seem to conta9 x4  ,ano!r cause 
is urg$ by ,campegius1 & mu* receiv$ by 
,*ri/ians2 t ?is ill sav\r is a curse   

d]iv$ ^u !m by ,*ri/1 & /&s1 z a badge  
or br& ( a g5]ation t crucifi$ _!       
,salvator4 ,b ?is is a conceit )\t all  
w>rant2 & an easie way to take (f       
dispute 9 :at po9t ( obscurity soev]4 ,a
 me?od ( _m ,writ]s1 :i* mu* depreciates
 ! e/eem & value ( miracles2 t is1 !re) 
to salve n only real v]ities1 b also    
nonexi/5cies4 ,?us h eld] times n only  
ascrib$ ! immunity ( ,irel& f any v5em\s
 bea/1 unto ! /aff or rod ( ,patrick2 b 
! long tails ( ,k5t1 unto ! mal$iction (
 ,au/94 ,?us !re=e1 al?\gh we conc$e t  
_m op9ions are true :i* hold "s con=mity
 unto ?is1 yet 9 ass5t+ h]eto1 _m       
difficulties mu/ arise3 x be+ a dang]\s 
po9t to annex a con/ant prop]ty unto any
 ,nation1 & mu* m ?is unto ! ,jew2 s9ce 
?is quality is n v]ifiable by           
obs]vation2 s9ce ! gr\nds are feeble t  
%\ld e/abli% x2 & la/ly1 s9ce if all 7  
true1 yet are ! reasons alleadg$ = x1 ( 
no suffici5cy to ma9ta9 x4              
,,*apt] ,,xi                            
,( ,pigmies4   ,by ,pigmies we und]/& a 

dw>fi% race ( p1 or l[e/ dim9ution (    
mank9d1 compreh5d$ 9 "o cubit1 or z "s w
 h x1 9 two foot or ?ree spans2 n tak+  
!m s+le1 b nationally consid]+ !m1 & z  
!y make up an aggregat$ habitation4     
,:]e( al?\gh affirmations be _m1 &      
te/imonies m frequ5t !n 9 any o!r po9t  
:i* wise m5 h ca/ into ! li/ ( fables1  
yet t !re is1 or ev] 0 su* a race or    
,nation1 ^u exact & confirm$ te/imonies1
 our /ricte/ enquiry receives no        
satisfaction4  ,i say1 exact te/imonies1
 fir/1 ,9 reg>d ( ! ,au?ors1 f :om we   
d]ive ! acc\nt1 = ?\gh we meet h]e) 9   
,h]odotus1 ,philo/ratus1 ,mela1 ,pl9y1  
,sol9us1 & _m m2 yet 7 !y d]ivative     
,relators1 & ! primitive ,au?or 0 ,hom]2
 :o1 us+ (t5 similies1 z well to delight
 ! e>1 z to illu/rate 8 matt]1 9 ! ?ird 
( 8 ,iliads1 comp>e? ! ,trojans unto    
,cranes1 :5 !y desc5d aga9/ ! ,pigmies2 
:i* 0 m l>gely set out by ,oppian1      
,juv5al1 ,mantuan1 & _m ,poets s9ce1 &  
be+ only a pleasant figm5t 9 ! f\nta91  
became a solemn /ory 9 ! /ream1 & curr5t

 /ill among u4  ,aga91 ,_m pr(ess$      
enquir]s h reject$ x2 ,/rabo an exact & 
judici\s ,geograph]1 ha? l>gely condemn$
 x z a fabul\s /ory1 ,julius ,scalig] a 
dilig5t enquir]1 acc\nts !re(1 b z a    
,poetical fiction2 ,ulysses ,aldrov&us a
 mo/ exact ,zoograph] 9 an express      
disc\rse h]eon1 concludes ! /ory        
fabul\s1 & a ,poetical acc\nt ( ,hom]2 &
 ! same 0 =m]ly conceiv$ by ,eu/a?ius1 8
 excell5t ,comm5tator4 ,alb]tus ,magnus 
a man (ttimes too cr$ul\s1 h]e9 0 m !n  
dubi\s2 = he affirme?1 if any su* dw>fs 
7 ev] extant1 !y 7 surely "s k9d (      
,apes3 :i* is a conceit all[$ by ,c>dan1
 & n e/eem$ improbable by _m o!rs4  ,!re
 are ,i confess two te/imonies1 :i* f _!
 au?ority admit ( consid]ation4 ,! fir/ 
( ,ari/otle,,sn3 ,hi/4 animal4 lib4 #c41
 ^: words are ^!1  d  1 etc4 ,t is1 ,hic
 locus e/ quem incolunt ,pygmi1 non enim
 id fabula e/1 s$ pusillum g5us ut      
aiunt4 ,:]e9 inde$ ,ari/otle plaies !   
,ari/otle1 t is1 ! w>y & evad+ ass]tor2 
,= ?\gh ) non e/ fabula1 he seems at    

fir/ to confirm x1 yet at ! la/ he claps
 9 ,sciunt aiunt1 & %akes ! belief he   
put be=e ^u x4 ,& !re=e ,i obs]ve       
,scalig] ha? n translat$ ! fir/2 p]haps 
suppos+ x surreptiti\s or unwor?y s     
great an ass]tor4 ,& truly = ^? books ( 
animals1 or "w ( eight hundr$ tal5ts1 z 
,a!nu t]ms x1 al?\gh ev] to be admir$1 z
 conta9+ mo/ excell5t tru?s2 yet are _m 
?+s !re9 deliv]$ ^u relation1 & "s      
repugnant unto ! hi/ory ( our s5ses2 z  
we are able to make out 9 "s1 & ,scalig]
 ha? obs]v$ 9 _m m1 z he ha? freely     
decl>$ 9 8 ,comm5t ^u t piece4  ,!      
second te/imony is d$uc$ f holy         
,scripture2 ,,sn3 ,ezek4 #bg4 #ab4 ?us  
r5d]$ 9 ! vulg> translation1 ,s$ et     
,pygmi qui erant 9 turribus tuis1       
ph>etras suas susp5d]unt 9 muris tuis p]
 gyrum3 f :5ce not)/&+ we _c inf] ?is   
ass]tion1 = fir/ ! ,translators accord  
n1 & ! ,hebrew ^w ,gammadim is v v>i\sly
 r5d]$4 ,?\gh ,aquila1 ,vetablus & ,lyra
 w h x ,pygmi1 yet 9 ! ,septuag9t1 x is 
no m !n ,wat*m52 & s 9 ! ,arabick & high

 ,dut*4 ,9 ! ,*alde1 ,cappadocians1 9   
,symma*us1 ,m$es1 & 9 ! ,fr5*1 ^? (     
,gamad4 ,!odotian ( old1 & ,tremellius (
 late1 h reta9$ ! ,textu>y ^w2 & s h !  
,italian1 ,l[ ,dut* & ,engli%           
,translators1 t is1 ! ,m5 ( ,arvad 7 ^u 
?y walls r\nd ab\t1 & ! ,gammadims 7 9  
?y ,t[]s4  ,nor d m5 only diss5t 9 !    
,translation ( ! ^w1 b 9 ! ,exposition (
 ! s5se & mean+ !re(2 = "s by ,gammadims
 und]/& a p ( ,syria1 s call$ f ! ,city 
,gamala2 "s h]eby und]/& !              
,cappadocians1 _m ! ,m$es ,,sn3 ,see    
,mr4 ,full]s excell5t description (     
,pale/9e43 & h]e( ,=]ius ha? a s+ul>    
,exposition1 conceiv+ ! ,wat*m5 ( ,tyre 
might well be call$ ,pigmies1 ! ,t[]s ( 
t ,city be+ s high1 t unto ,m5 bel[1 !y 
appe>$ 9 a cubital /ature4 ,o!rs exp\nd$
 x q contr>y to common acception1 t is n
 ,m5 ( ! lea/1 b ( ! l>ge/ size2 s do?  
,cornelius con/rue ,pygmi1 or viri      
cubitales1 t is1 n ,m5 ( a cubit high1 b
 ( ! l>ge/ /ature1 ^: height l t (      
,giants1 is r to be tak5 by ! cubit !n !

 foot2 9 :i* phrase we read ! measure ( 
,goliah1 ^: height is said to be six    
cubits & a span4 ,( aff9ity h]eto is    
also ! ,exposition ( ,j]om2 n tak+      
,pigmies = dw>fs1 b /\t & valiant       
,*ampions2 n tak+ ! s5se ( 1 :i*        
signifies ! cubit measure1 b t :i*      
expresse? ,pugils2 t is1 ,m5 fit =      
combat & ! ex]cise ( ! fi/4 ,?us c !re  
be no satisfy+ illation f ?is ,text1 !  
div]sity or r contr>iety ( ,expositions 
& int]pretations1 di/ract+ m !n confirm+
 ! tru? ( ! /ory4  ,aga91 ,i say1 exact 
te/imonies2 9 ref]5ce unto circum/antial
 relations s div]sly or contr>ily       
deliv]$4 ,?us ! ,relation ( ,ari/otle   
place? !m above ,egypt t[>ds ! head (   
,nyle 9 ,africa2 ,philo/ratus affirms !y
 are ab\t ,ganges 9 ,asia1 & ,pl9y 9 a  
?ird place1 t is1 ,g]ania 9 ,scy?ia3 "s 
write !y fight ) ,cranes1 b ,m5ecles 9  
,a!nu affirms !y fight ) ,p>tridges1 "s 
say !y ride on ,p>tridges1 & "s on !    
backs ( ,rams4  ,la/ly1 ,i say1 confirm$
 te/imonies2 = ?\gh ,paulus ,jovius     

deliv]s !re are ,pigmies beyond ,japan2 
,pigafeta1 ab\t ! ,molucca's2 & ,olaus  
,magnus place? !m 9 ,gre5l&2 yet want+  
frequ5t confirmation 9 a matt] s        
confirmable1 _! affirmation c>rie? b sl[
 p]swasion2#b & wise m5 may ?9k !re is z
 mu* reality 9 ! #c,pigmies (           
,p>acelsus2 t is1 8 non-,adamical m51 or
 middle natures betwixt m5 & spirits4   
,!re be+ ?us no suffici5t confirmation (
 _! v]ity1 "s d\bt may arise conc]n+ _! 
possibility1 :]e91 s9ce x is n def9$ 9  
:at dim5sions ! s\l may ex]cise h]      
faculties1 we %all n conclude           
impossibility2 or t !re might n be a    
race ( ,pigmies1 z !re is sometimes (   
,giants4 ,s may we take 9 ! op9ion (    
,au/91 & 8 ,comm5t ,ludovicus1 b to     
believe !y %\ld be 9 ! /ature ( a foot  
or span1 requires ! preaspection ( su* a
 "o z ,philetas ! ,poet 9 ,a!nu3 :o 0   
fa9 to fa/5 lead unto 8 feet le/ ! w9d  
%\ld bl[ him away4 ,or t o!r 9 ! same   
,au?or1 :o 0 s little ut ad obolum      
acc$]et2 a /ory s /range1 t we might    

h]e9 excuse ! ,,pr9t]1 did n ! acc\nt ( 
lian accord unto x1 z ,causabone ha?    
obs]v$ 9 8 le>n$ ,animadv]sions4        
,la/ly1 ,if any su* ,nation !re 71 yet  
is x ridicul\s :at ,m5 h deliv]$ ( !m2 t
 !y fight ) ,cranes ^u ! backs ( ,rams  
or ,p>tridges3 or :at is deliv]$ by     
,ctesias1 t !y are ,negroes 9 ! midde/ (
 ,india2 :]e( ! ,k+ ( t ,c\ntry         
ent]ta9e? ?ree ?\s& ,ar*]s = 8 gu>d4    
,:i* is a relation bel[ ! tale ( ,ob]on2
 nor c\ld !y bett] def5d him1 !n !      
,emblem sai?1 !y (f5d$ ,h]cules :ile/ he
 slept2 t is1 to w\nd him no deep]1 !n  
to awake him4    #b ,! /ory ( ,pigmies  
reject$4    #c ,by ,pigmies int5d+      
,fairies & o!r spirits ab\t ! e>? z     
by ,nymphs & ,salam&]s1 spirits ( fire &
 wat]4 ,lib4 ,de       ,pigmis1         
,nymphis1 etc4                          
,,*apt] ,,xii                ,( ! great 
,climact]ical ye>1 t is1                
,sixty ?ree4   ,c]ta9ly ! ,eyes ( !     
und]/&+1 & ^? ( ! s5se are diff]5tly    
deceiv$ 9 _! greate/ objects2 ! s5se    

appreh5d+ !m 9 less] magnitudes !n _!   
dim5sions require2 s x beholde? ! ,sun1 
! ,/>s1 & ! ,e>? x self4 ,b ! und]/&+ q 
o!rwise3 = t ascribe? unto _m ?+s f>    
l>g] horizons !n _! due circumscriptions
 require3 & receive? !m ) amplifications
 :i* _! reality w n admit4 ,?us ha? x   
f>$ ) _m ,h]oes & mo/ wor?y p]sons1 :o  
be+ suffici5tly comm5dable f true &     
unque/ionable m]its1 h receiv$          
advancem5t f fal%ood & ! fruitful /ock (
 ,fables4 ,?us ha? x happ5$ unto ! ,/>s1
 & ,lum9>ies ( heav53 :o be+ suffici5tly
 admirable 9 !mselves1 h be5 set out by 
effects1 no way dep5d5t on _!           
effici5cies1 & advanc$ by amplifications
 to ! que/ion+ ( _! true end[m5ts4 ,?us 
is x n improbable x ha? also f>$ )      
numb]1 :i* ?\gh wond]ful 9 x self1 &    
suffici5tly magnifiable f its           
demon/rable affections1 ha? yet receiv$ 
adjections f ! multiply+ conceits ( m51 
& /&s lad5 ) additions1 :i* its equity w
 n admit4  ,& s p]haps ha? x happ5$ unto
 ! numb]1 #g & #i1 :i* multipli$ into   

!mselves d make up ,sixty ?ree1 commonly
 e/eem$ ! great ,climact]ical ( our     
lives4 ,= ! daies ( m5 are usually ca/  
up by ,sept5>ies1 & e sev5? ye> conceiv$
 to c>ry "s alt]+ "* ) x1 ei!r 9 ! temp]
 ( body1 m9d1 or bo?4 ,b among all o!r1 
?ree are mo/ rem>kable1 t is1 #g times  
#g or f\rty n9e1 #i times #i or eighty  
"o1 & #g times #i or ! ye> ( ,sixty     
?ree2 :i* is conceiv$ to c>ry ) x ! mo/ 
consid]able fatality2 & consi/+ ( bo? ! 
o!r numb]s 0 appreh5d$ to comprise !    
v]tue ( ei!r3 is !re=e expect$ &        
ent]ta9$ ) fe>1 & e/eem$ a fav\r ( fate 
to pass x ov]4 ,,sn3 ,! great           
,climact]ical1 ,sixty-?ree1 no su*      
dang]\s ye>4 ,:i* not)/&+ _m suspect to 
be b a ,panick t]r\r1 & m5 to fe> !y    
ju/ly "k n :at3 & to speak indiff]5tly1 
,i f9d no satisfaction3 nor any         
suffici5cy 9 ! receiv$ gr\nds to e/abli%
 a rational fe>4  ,n[ h]e9 to omit      
,a/rological consid]ations 7:i* are b   
r>ely introduc$7 ! popul> f\ndation     
:]eby x ha? cont9u$1 is fir/1 !         

extraord9>y p[] & secret virtue conceiv$
 to att5d ^! numb]s3 :]e( we mu/ confess
 !re h n want$ n only especial          
comm5dations1 b v s+ul> conceptions4    
,among ,philosoph]s1 ,py?agoras seems to
 h play$ ! lead+ "p2 :i* 0 long aft]    
cont9u$ by 8 disciples1 & ! ,italick    
,s*ool4 ,! ,philosophy ( ,plato1 & mo/ (
 ! ,platoni/s ab\nds 9 num]al           
consid]ations3 above all1 ,philo ! le>n$
 ,jew1 ha? act$ ?is "p ev5 to           
sup]/ition2 be/[+ div]s pages 9 summ+ up
 e ?+1 :i* might advantage ?is numb]4   
,:i* not)/&+1 :5 a s]i\s ,read] %all    
p]p5d1 he w h>dly f9d any ?+ t may      
conv9ce 8 judgm5t1 or any fur!r p]swade1
 !n ! l5ity ( 8 belief1 or prejudgm5t ( 
reason incl9e?4  ,= fir/1 ,n only !     
numb] ( #g & #i f consid]ations ab/ruse1
 h be5 extoll$ by mo/1 b all or mo/ ( ! 
o!r digits h be5 z my/ically applaud$4  
,= ! numb] ( ,"o & ,?ree h n be5 only   
admir$ by ! ,hea!ns1 b f adorable       
gr\nds1 ! unity ( ,god1 & my/]y ( !     
,tr9ity admir$ by _m ,*ri/ians4 ,! numb]

 ( f\r /&s mu* admir$1 n only 9 !       
quat]nity ( ! ,elem5ts1 :i* are !       
pr9ciples ( bodies1 b 9 ! lett]s ( ! ,"n
 ( ,god1 :i* 9 ! ,greek1 ,arabian1      
,p]sian1 ,hebrew1 & ,egyptian1 consi/e? 
( t numb]2 & 0 s v5]able among !        
,py?agoreans1 t !y swore by ! numb] f\r4
 ,t ( six ha? f\nd _m leaves 9 its      
fav\r2 n only = ! daies ( ! ,creation1 b
 its natural consid]ation1 z be+ a      
p]fect numb]1 & ! fir/ t is compleat$ by
 its p>ts2 t is1 ! sixt1 ! half1 & !    
?ird1 #a4 #b4 #c4 ,:i* drawn into a sum1
 make six4 ,! numb] ( ,t5 ha? be5 z     
highly extoll$1 z conta9+ ev51 odd1     
long1 pla91 quadrate & cubical numb]s2 &
 ,ari/otle obs]v$ ) admiration1 t       
,b>b>ians z well z ,greeks1 did use     
num]ation unto ,t51 :i* be+ s g5]al1 0 n
 to be judg$ casual1 b to h a f\ndation 
9 nature4 ,s t n only #g & #i1 b all !  
re/ h _h _! ,elogies1 z may be obs]v$ at
 l>ge 9 ,rhodig9us1 & 9 sev]al ,writ]s  
s9ce3 e "o extoll+ numb]1 accord+ to 8  
subject1 & z x advantag$ ! pres5t       

disc\rse 9 h&4  ,aga91 ,!y h be5 comm5d$
 n only f pret5d$ gr\nds 9 nature1 b f  
artificial1 casual or fabul\s           
f\ndations3 s h "s endeav\r$ to advance 
_! admiration1 f ! #i ,muses1 f ! #g    
,wond]s ( ! ,_w1 f ! #g ,gates ( ,!bes3 
9 t #g ,cities cont5d$ = ,hom]1 9 t !re 
are #g ,/>s 9 ,ursa m9or1 & #g 9 ,*>les 
wayn1 or ,plau/rum ( ,ursa major4 ,:]e9 
inde$ al?\gh ! gr\nd be natural1 yet    
ei!r f con/ellations or _! rem>kable    
p>ts1 !re is ! l occasion to comm5d any 
o!r numb]1 ! numb] #e f ! />s 9         
,sagitta1 #c f ! girdle ( ,orion1 & #d f
 ,equiculus1 ,crus]o1 or ! feet ( !     
,c5taur3 yet are su* z ^! clapt 9 by v  
good ,au?ors1 & "s n omitt$ by ,philo4  
,nor are !y only extoll$ f ,arbitr>y &  
,poetical gr\nds1 b f f\ndations &      
pr9ciples1 false or dubi\s4 ,t ,wom5 are
 m5/ruant1 & ,m5 pubesc5t at ! ye> (    
twice sev5 is acc\nt$ a punctual tru?2  
:i* p]iod nev]!less we d>e n precisely  
det]m9e1 z hav+ obs]v$ a v>iation &     
latitude 9 mo/1 agreeable unto ! heat ( 

clime or temp]2 ,m5 aris+ v>i\sly unto  
virility1 accord+ to ! activity ( causes
 t promote x4 ,sanguis m5/ruosus ad     
diem1 ut plurimum1 septimum durat1 sai? 
,philo4 ,:i* not)/&+ is repugnant unto  
exp]i5ce1 & ! doctr9e ( ,hippocrates1 :o
 9 8 book1 de dita1 pla9ly affirme?1 x  
is ?us b ) few wom51 & only su* z ab\nd 
) pituit\s & wat]y hum\rs4  ,x is fur!r 
conceiv$ to receive addition1 9 t !re   
are #g heads ( ,nyle1 b we h made       
manife/ else:]e1 t by ! description (   
,geograph]s1 !y h be5 sometime m1 & are 
at pres5t few]4  ,9 t !re 7 #g ,wise m5 
( ,greece1 :i* ?\gh g5]ally receiv$1 yet
 hav+ enquir$ into ! v]ity !re( we _c s 
readily det]m9e x1 = 9 ! life ( ,?ales1 
:o 0 acc\nt$ 9 t numb]1 ,diog5es        
,la]tius pla9ly sai?1 ,magna de eorum   
num]o discordia e/2 "s hold+ b f\r1 "s  
t51 o!rs twelve1 & none agree? 9 _!     
names1 ?\gh accord+ 9 _! numb]4  ,9 t   
!re are j #g ,planets or errant ,/>s 9 !
 l[] orbs ( ,heav51 b x is n[           
demon/rable unto s5se1 t !re are _m m2 z

 ,galileo,,sn3 ,nuncius ,syd]eus4 ha?   
decl>$1 t is1 two m 9 ! orb ( ,saturn1 &
 no less !n f\r m 9 ! sph]e ( ,jupit]4  
,& ! l may be said ( ! ,pleiades or #g  
,/>s1 :i* are also introduc$ to magnifie
 ?is numb]1 = :]eas sc>ce disc]n+ six1  
we acc\nt !m #g1 by 8 relation1 !re are 
no less !n f\rty4  ,t ! ,heav5s are     
encompass$ ) #g ,circles1 is also !     
allegation ( ,philo2 :i* are 9 8 acc\nt1
 ! ,arctick1 ,ant>ctick1 ! ,summ] &     
,w9t] ,tropicks1 ! quator1 ,zodiack1 & !
 ,milky circle2 :]eas by ,a/ronom]s !y  
are receiv$ 9 great] numb]4 ,= ?\gh we  
leave out ! ,lacte\s circle 7:i*        
,aratus1 ,gem9us1 & ,proclus1 out ( him 
ha? numbr$ among ! re/7 yet are !re m by
 f\r !n ,philo m5tions2 t is1 !         
,horizon1 ,m]idian & bo? ! ,colures2    
circles v consid]able1 & g5]ally        
deliv]$1 n only by ,ptolomie1 & !       
,a/ronom]s s9ce 8 "t1 b su* z fl\ri%$   
long be=e1 z ,hipp>*us & ,eudoxus4 ,s t 
= ought ,i "k1 if x make = our purpose1 
or advance ! !me 9 h&1 ) equal lib]ty1  

we may affirm !re 7 #g ,sybils1 or b #g 
signs 9 ! ,zodiack circle ( ,heav54  ,t 
v]se 9 ,virgil translat$ out ( ,hom]    
,,sn3     41 ,o t]que quat]que beati2 t 
is z m5 w h x1 #g times happy1 ha? mu*  
advanc$ ?is numb] 9 critical            
appreh5sions2 yet is n ?is con/ruction s
 indubitably to be receiv$1 z n at all  
to be que/ion$3 = ?\gh ,rhodig9us1      
,b]oaldus1 & o!rs f ! au?ority (        
,macrobius s int]pret x1 yet ,s]vius 8  
anci5t comm5tator conceives no m !reby  
!n a f9ite numb] = indef9ite1 & t no m  
is impli$ !n (t5 happy4 ,/rabo,,sn3     
,lib4 #aj4 ! anci5te/ ( !m all1         
conceives no m by ?is 9 ,hom]1 !n a full
 & excessive expression2 :]eas 9 common 
phrase & receiv$ language1 he %\ld h    
t]m$ !m ?rice happy2 h]e9 exce$+ t      
numb]1 he call$ !m f\r times happy1 t   
is1 m !n ?rice4 ,& ?is he illu/rates by 
! l expression ( ,hom]1 9 ! spee* (     
,circe2 :o to express ! dread & t]r\r ( 
! ,ocean1 /icks n unto ! common =m (    
spee* 9 ! /rict acc\nt ( its            

reciprocations1 b l>gely speak+1 sai?1 x
 ebbs & fl[s no less !n ?rice a day1    
t]que die revomit fluctus it]umque      
resorbet4 ,& s :5 x is said by ,horace1 
flices t] et amplius1 ! exposition is   
suffici5t1 if we conceive no m !n !     
lett] fairly be>e?1 t is1 f\r times1 or 
indef9itely m !n ?rice4  ,b ! ma9       
consid]ations :i* mo/ set ( ?is numb]1  
are obs]vations drawn f ! motions ( !   
,moon1 suppos$ to be measur$ by sev5s2 &
 ! critical or decretory daies dep5d5t  
on t numb]4 ,z = ! motion ( ! ,moon1    
?\gh we grant x to be measur$ by sev5s1 
yet w n ?is advance ! same be=e its     
fell[ numb]s2 = h]eby ! motion ( o!r    
,/>s are n measur$1 ! fix$ ,/>s by _m   
?\s& ye>s1 ! ,sun by #cfe daies1 !      
sup]i\r ,planets by m1 ! inf]i\r by     
some:at less4 ,& if we consid] !        
revolution ( ! fir/ ,movable1 & ! daily 
motion f ,ea/ to ,we/1 common unto all !
 ,orbs1 we %all f9d x measur$ by ano!r  
numb]1 = be+ p]=m$ 9 f\r & tw5ty h\rs1 x
 is made up ( #d times #f3 & ?is is !   

measure & /&>d ( o!r p>ts ( "t1 ( mon?s1
 ( ye>s1 ,olympiades1 ,lu/res1          
,indictions ( ,cycles1 ,jubilies1 etc4  
,sid5ote3 ,:at a ,sol>y mon? is4  ,aga91
 ,mon?s are n only ,lun>y1 & measur$ by 
! ,moon1 b also ,sol>y1 & det]m9$ by !  
motion ( ! ,sun2 t is1 ! space :]e9 !   
,sun do? pass #cj degrees ( !           
,ecliptick4 ,by ?is mon?                
,hippocrates,,sn3 ,de octome/ri p>tu4   
comput$ ! "t ( ! ,infants ge/ation 9 !  
womb2 = #i times #cj1 t is1 #bgj daies1 
or compleat #i mon?s1 make up =ty weeks1
 ! common compute ( wom54 ,& ?is is to  
be und]/ood1 :5 he sai?1 #b daies makes 
! fifte5?1 & #c ! t5? "p ( a m\?4 ,?is 0
 ! mon? ( ! anci5t ,hebrews be=e _!     
dep>ture out ( ,egypt3 & h]eby ! compute
 w fall out "r1 & ! acc\nt concur1 :5 9 
"o place x is said1 ! wat]s ( ! flood   
prevail$ an hundr$ & fifty daies1 & 9   
ano!r x is deliv]$1 t !y prevail$ f !   
sev5te5? day ( ! second mon?1 unto !    
sev5te5? day ( ! sev5?4 ,z = hebdomadal 
p]iods or weeks1 al?\gh 9 reg>d ( _!    

,sabba?s1 !y 7 obs]v$ by ! ,hebrews1 yet
 x is n app>5t ! anci5t ,greeks or      
,romans us$ any3 b _h ano!r division (  
_! mon?s into ,ides1 ,nones & ,cal5ds4  
,moreov]1 ,mone?s h[soev] tak51 are n   
exactly divisible into sept5>ies or     
weeks1 :i* fully conta9 sev5 daies3 :]e(
 f\r times d make compleatly tw5ty      
eight4 ,=1 beside ! usual or ,cal5d>y   
mon?1 !re are b f\r consid]able3 ! mon? 
( ,p]agration1 ( ,app>ition1 (          
,consecution1 & ! m$ical or ,decretorial
 mon?2 :]e( "s come %ort1 o!rs exce$ ?is
 acc\nt4 ,a mon? ( ,p]agration1 is ! "t 
( ! ,moons revolution f any "p ( !      
,zodiack1 unto ! same aga92 & ?is       
conta9e? b #bg daies1 & ab\t #h h\rs3   
:i* come? %ort to compleat ! sept5>y    
acc\nt4 ,! mon? ( ,consecution1 or z "s 
w t]m x1 ( progression1 is ! space      
betwe5 "o conjunction ( ! ,moon ) !     
,sun1 unto ano!r3 & ?is conta9e? #bi    
daies & an half3 = ! ,moon return+ unto 
! same po9t :]e9 x 0 k9dl$ by ! ,sun1 & 
n f9d+ x !re aga9 7= 9 ! mean "t1 by its

 prop] motion x ha? pass$ ?r\gh #b      
signs7 x foll[e? aft]1 & atta9s ! ,sun 9
 ! space ( #b daies & #d h\rs m1 :i*    
add$ unto ! acc\nt ( ,p]agration1 makes 
#bi daies & an half3 s t ?is mon?       
exce$e? ! latitude ( ,sept5>ies1 & !    
f\r? "p compreh5de? m !n #g daies4 ,a   
mon? ( ,app>ition1 is ! space :]e9 !    
,moon appe>e? 7d$uct+ ?ree daies :]e9 x 
commonly disappe>e?2 & be+ 9 combu/ion )
 ! ,sun1 is presum$ ( less activity17 & 
?is conta9e? b #bf daies & #ab h\rs4 ,! 
m$ical mon?1 n mu* exce$e? ?is1 consi/+ 
( #bf daies & #bb h\rs1 & is made up out
 ( all ! o!r mon?s4 ,= if out ( #bi & an
 half1 ! mon? ( ,consecution1 we d$uct  
#c daies ( disappe>ance1 !re w rema9 !  
mon? ( ,app>ition #bf daies & #ab h\rs3 
:]eto if we add #bg daies & #h h\rs1 !  
mon? ( ,p]agration1 !re w arise #ec     
daies & #aj h\rs1 :i* divid$ by #b1     
makes #bf daies & #bb h\rs3 call$ by    
,physitians ! m$ical mon?3 introduc$ by 
,gal5 aga9/ ,ar*ig5es1 = ! bett] compute
 ( ,decretory or ,critical daies4       

,sid5ote3 ,:at a ,critical day is4  ,z =
 ! ,critical daies 7su* ,i mean :]e9 ^u 
a dec]tation betwe5 ! disease & nature1 
!re ensue? a s5sible alt]ation1 ei!r to 
life or dea?17 ! reasons !re( are r     
d$uc$ f ,a/rology1 !n ,ari?metick3 =    
acc\nt+ f ! beg9n+ ( ! disease1 &       
reckon+ on unto ! sev5? day1 ! ,moon w  
be 9 a ,tetragonal or ,quadrate aspect1 
t is1 #d signs remov$ f t :]e9 ! disease
 began3 9 ! f\rte5? day x w be 9 an     
opposite aspect3 & at ! end ( ! ?ird    
sept5>y1 ,tetragonal aga93 z w mo/      
graphically appe> 9 ! figures (         
,a/rolog]s1 especially ,lucas ,gauricus1
 ,de diebus decretoriis4  ,aga91        
7,beside t comput+ by ! ,m$ical mon?1 ! 
fir/ hebdomade or sept5>y consi/s ( #f  
daies1 sev5te5 h\rs & an half1 ! second 
happ5e? 9 #ac daies & elev5 h\rs1 & !   
?ird b 9 ! tw5tie? natural day7 :at     
,gal5 fir/1 & ,ab5-,ezra s9ce obs]v$ 9 8
 ,tract ( ,critical daies1 9 reg>d (    
,ecc5tricity & ! ,epicycle or less] orb 
:]e9 x move?1 ! motion ( ! ,moon is     

v>i\s & unequal2 :]eby ! ,critical      
acc\nt mu/ also v>y4 ,= ?\gh its middle 
motion be equal1 & ( #ac degrees1 yet 9 
! o!r x move? sometimes fifte51         
sometimes less !n twelve4 ,= mov+ 9 !   
upp] "p ( its orb1 x p]=me? its motion m
 sl[ly !n 9 ! l[]2 insomu* t be+ at !   
height1 x arrive? at ! ,tetragonal &    
opposite signs soon]1 & ! ,critical day 
w be 9 #f & #ac2 & be+ at ! l[e/1 !     
critical acc\nt w be out ( ! latitude ( 
#g1 nor happ5 be=e ! eigh? or n9? day4  
,:i* are consid]ations n to be neglect$ 
9 ! compute ( decretory daies1 &        
manife/ly decl>e t o!r numb]s mu/ h a   
respect h]e9 z well z #g & f\rte54      
,la/ly1 ,"s ?+s to ?is int5t are d$uc$ f
 holy ,scripture2 ?us is ! ye> ( ,jubile
 introduc$ to magnifie ?is numb]1 z be+ 
a ye> made out ( #g times #g2 :]e9      
not)/&+ !re may be a misappreh5sion2 =  
?is arise? n f #g times #g1 t is1 #di2 b
 0 obs]v$ ! fiftie? ye>1 z is express$1 
,,sn3 ,levit4 #be4 ,& y %all hall[ !    
fiftie? ye>1 a ,jubile %all t fiftie?   

ye> be unto y4 ,answ]able :]eto is !    
,exposition ( ! ,jews !mselves1 z is    
deliv]$ by ,b5-,maimon2 t is1 ! ye> (   
,jubile1 come? n into ! acc\nt ( ! ye>s 
( #g1 b ! f\rty n9? is ! ,release1 & !  
fiftie? ! ye> ( ,jubile4 ,?us is x also 
e/eem$ no small advancem5t unto ?is     
numb]1 t ! ,g5ealogy ( our ,savi\r is   
summ$ up by #ad1 t is1 ?is numb] d\bl$2 
accord+ z is express$4 ,,sn3 ,mat4 #a4  
,s all ! g5]ations f ,abraham to ,david 
are f\rte5 g5]ations1 & f ,david unto ! 
c>ry+ away into ,babylon1 are f\rte5    
g5]ations2 & f ! c>ry+ away into        
,babylon unto ,*ri/1 are f\rte5         
g5]ations4 ,:i* nev]!less mu/ n be      
/rictly und]/ood z num]al relations     
require2 = f ,david unto ,jeconiah are  
acc\nt$ by ,mat!w b #ad g5]ations2 :]eas
 accord+ to ! exact acc\nt 9 ! ,hi/ory (
 ,k+s1 !re 7 at lea/ #ag2 & #c 9 ?is    
acc\nt1 t is1 ,ahazias1 ,joas & ,amazias
 are left out4 ,= s x is deliv]$ by !   
,evangeli/3 ,& ,joram begat ,ozias3     
:]eas 9 ! regal ,g5ealogy !re are #c    

successions betwe53 = ,ozias or ,uzziah 
0 ! son ( ,amazias1 ,amazias ( ,joas1   
,joas ( ,az>iah1 & ,az>iah ( ,joram3 s t
 9 /rict acc\nt1 ,joram 0 ! ,abavus or  
,gr&-fa!r twice remov$1 & n ! ,fa!r (   
,ozias4 ,& ^! second omitt$ desc5ts made
 a v consid]able measure ( "t1 9 !      
,royal *ronology ( ,judah3 = ?\gh       
,az>iah reign$ b "o ye>1 yet ,joas      
reign$ f\rty1 & ,amazias no less !n n9e 
& tw5ty4 ,h[ev] !re=e ^! 7 deliv]$ by ! 
,evangeli/1 & c>ry 7no d\bt7 an         
incontr\lable con=mity unto ! int5tion (
 8 deliv]y3 yet are !y n appliable unto 
precise num]ality1 nor /rictly to be    
drawn unto ! rigid te/ ( numb]s4        
,la/ly1 ,?\gh _m ?+s h be5 deliv]$ by   
,au?ors conc]n+ numb]1 & !y transf]r$   
unto ! advantage ( _! nature1 yet are !y
 (t-times o!rwise to be und]/ood1 !n z  
!y are vulg>ly receiv$ 9 active & causal
 consid]ations2 !y be+ _m times deliv]$ 
,hi]oglyphically1 ,metaphorically1      
,illu/ratively1 & n ) ref]5ce unto      
action or causality4 ,true x is1 t ,god 

made all ?+s 9 numb]1 weight & measure1 
yet no?+ by !m or ?r\gh ! efficacy (    
ei!r4 ,inde$ our daies1 actions &       
motions be+ measur$ by "t 7:i* is b     
motion measur$7 :at ev] is obs]vable 9  
any1 falls "u ! acc\nt ( "s numb]2 :i*  
not)/&+ _c be d5om9at$ ! cause ( ^?     
ev5ts4 ,s d we inju/ly assign ! p[] (   
,action ev5 unto ,"t x self2 nor d !y   
speak prop]ly :o say t ,"t consume? all 
?+s2 = ,"t is n effective1 nor are      
bodies de/roy$ by x1 b f ! action &     
passion ( _! ,elem5ts 9 x2 ^: acc\nt x  
only af=de?3 & measur+ out _! motion1   
in=ms u 9 ! p]iods & t]ms ( _! duration1
 r !n effecte? or physically produce? ! 
same4  ,a second consid]ation :i*       
promote? ?is op9ion1 are confirmations  
drawn f ,writ]s1 :o h made obs]vations1 
or set d[n fav\rable reasons = ?is      
,climact]ical ye>2 s h ,h5ricus         
,ranzovius1 ,bapti/a ,codron*us,,sn3 ,de
 annis ,climact]icis41 & ,lev9us        
,lemnius,,sn3 ,de occultis natur        
miraculis4 mu* confirm$ ! same2 b above 

all1 t memorable ,lett] ( ,augu/us ,,sn3
 ,bel4 lib4 #e4 s5t unto 8 ,nephew      
,caius1 :]e9 he enc\rage? him to        
celebrate 8 nativity1 = he _h n[ escap$ 
,sixty ?ree1 ! great ,climact]ical &    
dang]\s ye> unto man3 :i* not)/&+       
rightly p]p5d$1 x c be no s+ul>ity to "q
 x1 nor any new ,p>adox to d5y x4  ,=   
fir/1 ,x is implicitely1 & ^u consequ5ce
 d5i$ by ,ari/otle 9 8 ,politicks1 9 t  
disc\rse aga9/ ,plato1 :o measur$ !     
vicissitude & mutation ( ,/ates1 by a   
p]iodical fatality ( numb]4 ,ptolomie t 
fam\s ,ma!matician pla9ly sai?1 he w n  
deliv] 8 doctr9es by p>ts & numb]s :i*  
are ineffectual1 & h n ! nature (       
causes2 n[ by ^! numb]s sai? ,rhodig9us 
& ,mir&ula1 he implie? ,climact]ical    
ye>s1 t is1 sept5>ies1 & nov5>ies set   
d[n by ! b>e obs]vation ( numb]s4       
,c5sor9us an ,au?or ( great au?ority1 & 
suffici5t antiquity1 speaks yet m amply 
9 8 book ,de die ,natali1 :]e9 expresly 
treat+ ( ,climact]ical daies1 he ?us    
deliv]e? himself4 ,"s ma9ta9 t #g times 

#g1 t is1 f\rty n9e1 is mo/ dang]\s (   
any o!r1 & ?is is ! mo/ g5]al op9ion2   
o!rs unto #g times #g1 add #i times #i1 
t is1 ! ye> ( eighty "o1 bo? :i* consi/+
 ( squ>e & quadrate numb]s1 7 ?\ght by  
,plato & o!rs to be ( great             
consid]ation2 z = ?is ye> ( ,sixty ?ree 
or #g times #i1 ?\gh "s e/eem x ( mo/   
dang]1 yet d ,i conceive x less dang]\s 
!n ! o!r2 = ?\gh x conta9e? bo? numb]s  
above nam$1 t is1 #g & #i1 yet nei!r (  
!m squ>e or quadrate2 & z x is diff]5t f
 !m bo?1 s is x n pot5t 9 ei!r4 ,nor is 
?is ye> rem>kable 9 ! dea? ( _m fam\s   
m54 ,i f9d inde$ t ,ari/otle di$ ?is    
ye>1 b he by ! vig\r ( 8 m9d1 a long "t 
su/a9$ a natural infirmity ( /omack2 s t
 x 0 a great] wond] he atta9$ unto      
,sixty ?ree1 !n t he liv$ no long]4 ,!  
,psalm ( ,moses ha? m5tion$ a ye> (     
dang] diff]+ f all ^!3 & t is t5 times  
#g or sev5ty2 = s x is said1 ,! daies ( 
,man are ?reescore & t54 ,& ! v same is 
affirm$ by ,solon1 z ,h]odotus relates 9
 a spee* ( 8 unto ,crsus1 ,ego annis    

septuag9ta human vit modum def9io3 &    
surely t ye> mu/ be ( greate/ dang]1 :i*
 is ! ,p]iod ( all ! re/2 & fewe/ safely
 pass ?or[ t1 :i* is set z a b\nd = few 
or none to pass4 ,& !re=e ! cons5t (    
eld] times1 setl+ _! conceits ^u        
,climact]s1 n only diff]+ f ?is ( ours1 
b "o ano!r2 ?\gh sev]al ,nations & ,ages
 d fancy unto !mselves diff]5t ye>s (   
dang]1 yet e "o expects ! same ev5t1 &  
con/ant v]ity 9 ea*4  ,aga91 ,?\gh ,v>ro
 divid$ ! daies ( man into five         
proportions1 ,hippocrates into #g1 &    
,solon into #aj2 yet probably _!        
divisions 7 to be receiv$ ) latitude1 & 
_! consid]ations n /rictly to be conf9$ 
unto _! la/ unities4 ,s :5 ,v>ro ext5de?
 ,pu]tia unto #ae4 ,adolesc5tia unto    
#cj4 ,juv5tus unto #ce4 ,!re is a       
latitude betwe5 ! t]ms or ,p]iods (     
compute1 & ! v]ity holds good 9 !       
accid5ts ( any ye>s betwe5 !m4 ,s :5    
,hippocrates divide? our life into #g   
degrees or /ages1 & make? ! end ( ! fir/
 #g4 ,( ! second #ad4 ,( ! ?ird #bh4 ,( 

! f\r? #ce4 ,( ! fift #dg4 ,( ! sixt    
#ef4 ,& ( ! sev5?1 ! la/ ye> :5 ev] x   
happ5e?2 h]e9 we may obs]ve1 he make? n 
8 divisions precisely by #g & #i1 &     
omits ! great ,climact]ical2 beside !re 
is betwe5 e "o at lea/ ! latitude ( #g  
ye>s1 9 :i* space or int]val1 t is ei!r 
9 ! ?ird or f\r? ye>1 :at ev] falle? out
 is equally v]ifi$ ( ! :ole degree1 z   
?\gh x _h happ5$ 9 ! sev5?4 ,solon      
divid$ x into t5 ,sept5>ies1 because 9 e
 "o !re(1 a man receiv$ "s s5sible      
mutation2 9 ! fir/ is ,d$5tion or fall+ 
( tee?2 9 ! second ,pubesc5ce2 9 ! ?ird 
! be>d gr[e?2 9 ! f\r? /r5g? prevails2 9
 ! fift maturity = issue2 9 ! sixt      
mod]ation ( appetite2 9 ! sev5? prud5ce1
 etc4 ,n[ h]e9 !re is a tol]able        
latitude1 & ?\gh ! division proce$ by   
#g1 yet is n ! total v]ity to be re/ra9$
 unto ! la/ ye>2 nor con/antly to be    
expect$ ! be>d %\ld be compleat at #ba4 
or wisdom acquir$ j 9 #di4 & ?us also   
?\gh #g times #i conta9 "o ( ^?         
sept5>ies1 & do? also happ5 9 our decl9+

 ye>s2 yet might ! ev5ts !re( be imput$ 
unto ! :ole sept5>y2 & be m reasonably  
ent]ta9$ ) "s latitude1 !n /rictly r$uc$
 unto ! la/ numb]1 or all ! accid5ts f  
#ef4 imput$ unto ,sixty ?ree4  ,?irdly1 
,al?\gh ?is op9ion may seem confirm$ by 
obs]vation1 & m5 may say x ha? be5 s    
obs]v$1 yet we speak also ^u exp]i5ce1 &
 d believe t m5 f obs]vation w collect  
no satisfaction4 ,t o!r ye>s may be tak5
 aga9/ x1 especially if !y h ! advantage
 to prec$e x2 z sixty aga9/ sixty ?ree1 
& sixty ?ree aga9/ sixty six4 ,= few]   
atta9 to ! latt] !n ! =m]2 & s surely 9 
! fir/ sept5>y d mo/ die1 & probably    
also 9 ! v fir/ ye>2 = all t ev] liv$ 7 
9 ! acc\nt ( t ye>2 beside ! infirmities
 t att5d x are s _m1 & ! body t receives
 !m s t5d] & inconfirm$1 we sc>ce c\nt  
any alive t is n pa/ x4  ,fabritius     
,paduanius,,sn3 ,de cat5a temporis4     
disc\rs+ ( ! great ,climact]ical1       
attempts a num]ation ( em95t m51 :o di$ 
9 t ye>2 b 9 s small a numb]1 z n       
suffici5t to make a consid]able         

,induction4 ,he m5tione? b f\r1 ,diog5es
 ,cynicus1 ,dyonysius ,h]acleoticus1    
,x5ocrates ,platonicus1 & ,plato4 ,z =  
,dionysius1 z ,c5sor9us witnesse?1 he   
fami%$ himself 9 ! #hb ye> ( 8 life2    
,x5ocrates by ! te/imony ( ,la]tius fell
 into a cauldron1 & di$ ! same ye>1 &   
,diog5es ! ,cynick1 by ! same te/imony  
liv$ almo/ unto n9ety4 ,! date (        
,plato's dea? is n exactly agre$ on1 b  
all diss5t f ?is :i* he det]m9e?3       
,nean!s 9 ,la]tius ext5de? 8 daies unto 
#hd4 ,suidas unto #hb4 ,b ,h]mippus     
def9e? 8 dea? 9 #ha4 ,& ?is acc\nt      
seeme? mo/ exact2 = if1 z he deliv]e?1  
,plato 0 born 9 ! #hh ,olympiade1 & di$ 
9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! #ajh1 ! acc\nt w n     
surpass ! ye> ( #ha1 & s 9 8 dea? he    
v]ifi$ ! op9ion ( 8 life1 & ( ! life (  
man1 ^: p]iod1 z ,c5sor9us recorde?1 he 
place? 9 ! ,quadrate ( #i1 or #i times  
#i1 t is1 eighty "o3 & !re=e z ,s5eca   
deliv]e?1 ! ,magicians at ,a!ns did     
sacrifice unto him1 z decl>+ 9 8 dea?   
some:at above humanity2 because he di$ 9

 ! day ( 8 nativity1 & )\t d$uction     
ju/ly accompli%$ ! ye> ( eighty "o4     
,bod9e ,i confess1 deliv]s a l>g] li/ ( 
m5 t di$ 9 ?is ye>1 ,,sn3 ,me?od4 ,hi/4 
,moriuntur innum]abiles anno sexagesimo 
t]tio1 ,ari/oteles1 ,*rysippus1         
,bocatius1 ,b]n>dus1 ,erasmus1 ,lu!rus1 
,melanc?on1 ,sylvius1 ,alex&]1 ,jacobus 
,/urmius1 ,nicolaus ,causanus1 ,?omas   
,l9ac]1 eodem anno ,cic]o csus e/4 ,:]e9
 beside t x 7 n difficult to make a l>g]
 ,catalogue ( memorable p]sons t di$ 9  
o!r ye>s1 we _c b d\bt ! v]ity ( 8      
,induction4 ,z = ,sylvius & ,alex&]1 :i*
 ( t "n he meane? ,i "k n2 b =          
,*rysippus1 by ! te/imony ( ,la]tius1 he
 di$ 9 ! #gc ye>1 ,bocatius 9 ! #fb1    
,l9ac] ! #fd1 & ,erasmus exce$e? #gj1 z 
,paulus ,jovius ha? deliv]$ 9 8 ,elogy (
 le>n$ m54 ,& z = ,cic]o1 z ,plut>* 9 8 
life affirme?1 he 0 sla9 9 ! ye> ( #fd2 
& !re=e sure ! "q is h>d set1 & we h no 
easie reason to d\bt1 :5 great & entire 
,au?ors %all introduce inju/ifiable     
examples1 & au?orize _! ass]tions by :at

 is n au!ntical4  ,f\r?ly1 ,!y :i*      
proce$ ^u /rict num]ations1 & w by su*  
regul> & det]m9$ waies measure out !    
lives ( m51 & p]iodically def9e !       
alt]ations ( _! temp]s2 conceive a      
regul>ity 9 mutations1 ) an equality 9  
con/itutions1 & =get t v>iety1 :i*      
,physitians !re9 discov]4 ,,sn3 ,*ol]ick
 m5 commonly %ort] liv$4 ,= see+ we     
affirm t wom5 d naturally gr[ old be=e  
m51 t ! *ol]ick fall %ort 9 longvity ( !
 sangu9e1 t !re is s5ium ante s5ectum1 &
 _m gr[ old be=e !y arrive at age1 we _c
 affix unto !m all "o common po9t (     
dang]1 b %\ld r assign a respective     
fatality unto ea*4 ,:i* is concordant   
unto ! doctr9e ( ! num]i/s1 & su* z     
ma9ta9 ?is op9ion3 = !y affirm t "o     
numb] respecte? ,m51 ano!r ,wom51 z     
,bod9 expla9e? t ( ,s5eca ,septimus     
quisque annus tati signum imprimit1     
subjo9s ,hoc de m>ibus dictum oportuit1 
hoc primum intu]i licet1 p]fectum       
num]um1 id e/1 sextum fm9as sept5>ium   
m>es immut>e4  ,fiftly1 ,s9ce we e/eem  

?is op9ion to h "s gr\nd 9 nature1 & t  
n9e times sev5 revolutions ( ! ,sun1    
impr9ts a dang]\s ,"* on su* z arrive   
unto x2 x w h "s d\bt beh9d1 9 :at      
subjection h]eunto 7 ! lives ( our      
=e-fa!rs pres5tly aft] ! flood1 & m     
especially be=e x2 :o atta9+ unto #h or 
#ijj ye>s1 _h n _! ,climact]s           
,computable by digits1 or z we d acc\nt 
!m2 = ! great ,climact]ical 0 pa/ unto  
!m be=e !y begat ,*ildr51 or gave any   
,te/imony ( _! virility2 = we read n t  
any begat *ildr5 be=e ! age ( sixty     
five4 ,& ?is may also af=d a h9t to     
enquire1 :at are ! ,climact]s ( o!r     
animat$ creatures2 :]e( ! lives ( "s    
atta9 n s f> z ?is ( ours1 & t ( o!rs   
ext5d a consid]able space beyond x4     
,la/ly1 ,! imp]fect acc\nts t ,m5 h kept
 ( "t1 & ! diff]5ce !re( bo? 9 ! same & 
div]s common ,weal?s1 w mu* di/ract !   
c]ta9ty ( ?is ass]tion4 ,= ?\gh !re 7 a 
fatality 9 ?is ye>1 yet div]s 71 & o!rs 
might be out 9 _! acc\nt1 ab]r+ sev]al  
waies f ! true & j compute1 & call+ t "o

 ye>1 :i* p]haps might be ano!r4  ,=    
fir/1 ,!y might be out 9 ! comm5cem5t or
 beg9n+ ( _! acc\nt2 = e man is _m mon?s
 eld] !n he compute?4 ,= al?\gh we beg9 
! same f our nativity1 & conceive t no  
arbitr>y1 b natural t]m ( compute1 yet =
 ! duration ( life or exi/5ce1 we are   
liable 9 ! ,womb unto ! usual di/9ctions
 ( "t2 & are n to be exempt$ f ! acc\nt 
( age & life1 :]e we are subject to     
diseases1 & (t5 suff] dea?4 ,& !re=e    
,py?agoras1 ,hippocrates1 ,diocles1     
,avic5na & o!rs1 h set ^u u num]al      
relations & temporal consid]ations 9 !  
womb2 n only affirm+ ! bir? ( ! sev5?   
mon? to be vital1 t ( ! eigh? mortal1 b 
! progression !reto to be measur$ by    
rule1 & to hold a proportion unto motion
 & =mation4 ,z :at receive? motion 9 !  
sev5?1 to be p]fect$ 9 ! ,triplicities2 
t is1 ! "t ( con=mation unto motion is  
d\ble1 & t f motion unto ! bir?1 treble2
 ,s :at is =m$ ! #ce day1 is mov$ !     
sev5ty1 & born ! #baj day4 ,& !re=e if  
any invisible causality !re be1 t aft] s

 _m ye>s do? evid5ce x self z ,sixty    
?ree1 x w be que/ionable :e!r its       
activity only set out at our nativity1 &
 beg9 n r 9 ! womb1 :]e9 we place ! l   
consid]ations4 ,:i* do? n only entangle 
?is ass]tion1 b ha? already embroil$ !  
endeav\rs ( ,a/rology 9 ! erection (    
,s*emes1 & ! judgm5t ( dea? or diseases2
 = be+ n incontr\lably det]m9$1 at :at  
"t to beg91 :e!r at conception1         
animation or exclusion 7x be+ indiff]5t 
unto ! influ5ce ( ,heav5 to beg9 at     
ei!r7 !y h inv5t$ ano!r way1 t is1 to   
beg9 ab ,hora qu/ionis1 z ,haly1        
,messahalla*1 ,ganivetus1 & ,guido      
,bonatus h deliv]$4  ,aga91 ,9 reg>d ( !
 measure ( "t by mon?s & ye>s1 !re w be 
no small difficulty2 & if we %all       
/rictly consid] x1 _m h be5 & /ill may  
be mi/ak54 ,= nei!r ! motion ( ! ,moon1 
:]eby mon?s are comput$2 nor ( ! ,sun1  
:]eby ye>s are acc\nt$1 consi/e? ( :ole 
numb]s1 b admits ( fractions1 & brok5   
p>ts1 z we h already decl>$ conc]n+ !   
,moon4 ,t ( ! ,sun consi/e? ( #cfe      

daies1 & almo/ #f h\rs1 t is1 want+     
elev5 m9utes2 :i* #f h\rs omitt$1 or n  
tak5 notice (1 w 9 process ( "t l>gely  
deprave ! compute2 & ?is is ! occasion (
 ! ,bissextile or leap-ye>1 :i* 0 n     
obs]v$ 9 all times1 nor punctually 9 all
 ,common-,weal?s2 s t 9 ,sixty ?ree ye>s
 !re may be lo/ almo/ #ah daies1 omitt+ 
! int]calation ( "o day e f\r? ye>1     
all[$ = ?is quadrant1 or #f h\rs        
sup]num]>y4 ,& ?\gh ! same 7 obs]v$1 yet
 to speak /rictly a man may be some:at  
out 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 age at ,sixty ?ree1 =
 al?\gh e f\r? ye> we ins]t "o day1 & s 
fet* up ! quadrant1 yet ^? elev5 m9utes 
:]eby ! ye> comes %ort ( p]fect #f h\rs1
 w 9 ! circuit ( ^? ye>s arise unto     
c]ta9 h\rs2 & 9 a l>g] progression ( "t 
unto c]ta9 daies4 ,:]e( at pres5t we f9d
 exp]i5ce 9 ! ,cal5d] we obs]ve4 ,= !   
,julian ye> ( #cfe daies be+ elev5      
m9utes l>g] !n ! annual revolution ( !  
,sun1 !re w arise an anticipation 9 !   
qu9oxes2 & z ,junct9us ,,sn3 ,comm5t4 9 
,sphram ,ioh4 de ,sacro bosco4 compute?1

 9 e #acf ye> !y w anticipate almo/ "o  
day4 ,& !re=e ^? anci5t m5 & ,ne/ors (  
old times1 :i* ye>ly obs]v$ _!          
nativities1 might be mi/ak5 9 ! day2 nor
 t to be con/ru$ )\t a gra9 ( ,salt1 :i*
 is deliv]$ by ,moses2 ,at ! end ( f\r  
hundr$ ye>s1 ev5 ! self same day1 all ! 
ho/ ( ,israel w5t out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4  
,= 9 t space ( "t ! qu9oxes _h          
anticipat$1 & ! elev5 m9utes _h am\nt$  
f> above a day4 ,& ?is compute rightly  
consid]$ w fall f\l] on !m :o ca/ up !  
lives ( ,k+doms1 & sum up _! duration by
 p>ticul> numb]s2 z ,plato fir/ began1 &
 "s h endeav\r$ s9ce by p]fect &        
sph]ical numb]s1 by ! squ>e & cube ( #g 
& #i & #ab1 ! great numb] ( ,plato4     
,:]e9 inde$ ,bod9e,,sn3 ,mat4 ,hi/or4   
ha? attempt$ a p>ticul> enum]ation2 b   
7beside ! mi/akes committible 9 ! sol>y 
compute ( ye>s7 ! diff]5ce ( ,*ronology 
di/urbs ! satisfaction & quiet ( 8      
computes2 "s add+1 o!rs detract+1 & few 
punctually accord+ 9 any "o ye>2 :]eby  
inde$ su* acc\nts %\ld be made up2 = !  

v>iation 9 an unite de/roys ! total     
illation4  ,?irdly1 ,! compute may be   
unju/ n only 9 a /rict acception1 ( few 
daies or h\rs1 b 9 ! latitude also ( "s 
ye>s2 & ?is may happ5 f ! diff]5t       
compute ( ye>s 9 div]s ,nations1 & ev5  
su* z did ma9ta9 ! mo/ probable way (   
acc\nt3 _! ye> be+ n only diff]5t f "o  
ano!r1 b ! civil & common acc\nt        
disagree+ mu* f ! natural ye>1 :]eon !  
consid]ation is f\nd$4 ,?us f ! te/imony
 ( ,h]odotus1 ,c5sor9us & o!rs1 !       
,greeks obs]v$ ! ,lun>y ye> ,,sn3 ,!    
,lun>y ye> :at41 t is1 twelve           
revolutions ( ! ,moon1 #ced daies2 b !  
,egyptians1 & _m o!rs adh]$ unto !      
,sol>y acc\nt ,,sn3 ,! ,sol>y ye> :at41 
t is1 #cfe daies1 t is1 elev5 daies     
long]4 ,n[ h]eby ! acc\nt ( ! "o w\ld v 
mu* exce$ ! o!r3 ,a man 9 ! "o w\ld     
acc\nt himself #fc1 :5 "o 9 ! o!r w\ld  
?9k himself b #fa2 & s al?\gh _!        
nativities 7 "u ! same h\r1 yet did !y  
at diff]5t ye>s believe ! v]ity ( t :i* 
bo? e/eem$ affix$ & c]ta9 unto "o4 ,! l 

mi/ake !re is 9 a tradition ( our daies2
 m5 conceiv+ a peculi> dang] 9 ! beg9n+ 
daies ( ,may1 set out z a fatal p]iod   
unto consumptions & ,*ronical diseases2 
:]e9 not)/&+ we compute by ,cal5d]s1 n  
only diff]5t f our ance/ors1 b "o ano!r2
 ! compute ( ! "o anticipat+ t ( ! o!r2 
s t :ile we are 9 ,april1 o!rs beg9     
,may1 & ! dang] is pa/ unto "o1 :ile x  
beg9ne? ) ano!r4  ,f\r?ly1 ,m5 7 n only 
out 9 ! numb] ( "s daies1 ! latitude ( a
 few ye>s1 b might be wide by :ole      
,olympiades & div]s ,decades ( ye>s4    
,,sn3 ,! diff]5t acc\nt or measure ( a  
ye>4 ,= z ,c5sor9us relate?1 ! anci5t   
,arcadians obs]v$ a ye> ( ?ree mon?s1 ! 
,c>ians ( six1 ! ,ib]ians ( f\r2 & z    
,diodorus & ,x5ophon de quivocis        
alleadge?1 ! anci5t ,egyptians h us$ a  
ye> ( ?ree1 two1 & "o mone?3 s t !      
,climact]ical 0 n only diff]5t unto ^?  
,nations1 b unreasonably di/ant f ours2 
= ,sixty ?ree w pass 9 _! acc\nt1 be=e  
!y arrive s high z t5 9 ours4  ,nor if  
we survey ! acc\nt ( ,rome x self1 may  

we d\bt !y 7 mi/ak52 & if !y fe>$       
,climact]ical ye>s1 might err 9 _!      
num]ation4 ,= ! civil ye> :]e( ! p took 
notice1 did sometimes come %ort1 &      
sometimes exce$ ! natural4 ,= accord+ to
 ,v>ro1 ,sucton9us & ,c5sor9us1 _! ye>  
consi/$ fir/ ( t5 mon?s2 :i* compreh5d$ 
b #cjd daies1 t is1 #fa less ?an ours   
conta9e?2 aft] by ,numa or ,t>qu9e f a  
sup]/iti\s conceit ( imp>ity 7 add$ #ea 
daies1 :i* made #cee1 "o day m !n twelve
 revolutions ( ! ,moon4 ,& ?us a long "t
 x cont9u$1 ! civil compute exce$+ !    
natural2 ! correction :]e(1 & ! due     
ord]+ ( ! ,leap ye> 0 ref]r$ unto !     
,pontifices2 :o ei!r ^u fav\r or malice1
 t "s might cont9ue _! (fices a long] or
 %ort] "t2 or f ! magnitude ( ! ye> t m5
 might be advantag$1 or endamag$ 9 _!   
contracts1 by arbitr>y int]calations    
deprav$ ! :ole acc\nt4 ,( ?is abuse     
,cic]o accus$ ,v]res1 :i* at la/ proce$$
 s f>1 t :5 ,julius ,cs> came unto t    
(fice1 be=e ! r$ress h]e( he 0 fa9 to   
ins]t two int]cal>y mon?s unto ,novemb] 

& ,decemb]1 :5 he _h already ins]t$ #bc 
daies unto ,febru>y2 s t ! ye> consi/$ (
 #dde daies2 a qu>t] ( a ye> long] !n t 
we obs]ve2 & ?\gh at ! la/ ! ye> 0      
re=m$1 yet 9 ! mean "t !y might be out  
:]e9 !y summ$ up ,climact]ical          
obs]vations4  ,la/ly1 ,"o way m !re may 
be ( mi/ake1 & t n unusual among u1     
gr\nd$ ^u a d\ble compute ( ! ye>2 ! "o 
beg9n+ f ! #be ( ,m>*1 ! o!r f ! day (  
our bir?1 unto ! same aga9 :i* is !     
natural acc\nt4 ,n[ h]eupon _m m5       
frequ5tly misca/ _! daies2 = 9 _! age !y
 d$uce ! acc\nt n f ! day ( _! bir?1 b !
 ye> ( our ,"l1 :]e9 !y 7 born4 ,s a man
 t 0 born 9 ,janu>y #aehb1 if he live to
 fall sick 9 ! latt] end ( ,m>* #afde1 w
 sum up 8 age1 & say ,i am n[ ,sixty    
?ree1 & 9 my ,climact]ical & dang]\s    
ye>2 = ,i 0 born 9 ! ye> #aehb1 & n[ x  
is #afde1 :]eas inde$ he wante? _m mon?s
 ( t ye>1 consid]+ ! true & natural     
acc\nt unto 8 bir?2 & acc\nte? two mon?s
 = a ye>3 & ?\gh ! l5g? ( "t &          
accumulation ( ye>s d r5d] ! mi/ake     

ins5sible2 yet is x all "o1 z if "o born
 9 ,janu>y #afdd1 %\ld be acc\nt$ a ye> 
old ! #be ( ,m>* #afde4  ,all :i*       
p]p5d$1 x may be easily p]ceiv$ ) :at   
insecurity ( tru? we adh]e unto ?is     
op9ion2 ascrib+ n only effects dep5d+ on
 ! natural p]iod ( "t unto arbitr>y     
calculations1 & su* z v>y at pleasure2 b
 confirm+ our t5ets by ! unc]ta9 acc\nt 
( o!rs & our selves4 ,!re be+ no        
positive or indisputable gr\nd :]e to   
beg9 our compute2 t if !re 71 m5 h be5  
sev]al waies mi/ak52 ! be/ 9 "s         
latitude1 o!rs 9 great]1 accord+ to !   
diff]5t compute ( div]s /ates1 ! %ort & 
irreconcilable ye>s ( "s1 ! exce$+ error
 9 ! natural frame ( o!rs1 & ! lapses & 
false d$uctions ( ord9>y acc\ntants 9   
mo/4  ,:i* duly consid]$1 toge!r ) a    
/rict acc\nt & critical exam5 ( reason1 
w also di/ract ! witty det]m9ations (   
,a/rology4 ,t ,saturn ! enemy ( life1   
comes almo/ e sev5? ye>1 unto ! quadrate
 or malevol5t place2 t z ! ,moon ab\t e 
sev5? day arrive? unto a contr>y sign1 s

 ,saturn1 :i* rema9e? ab\t z _m ye>s1 z 
! ,moon do? daies 9 "o sign1 & holde? ! 
same consid]ation 9 ye>s z ! ,moon 9    
daies2 do? cause ^! p]icul\s p]iods4    
,:i* toge!r ) o!r ,planets1 & pr(ection 
( ! ,horoscope1 unto ! sev5? h\se1 or   
opposite signs e sev5? ye>2 oppresse?   
liv+ natures1 & cause? obs]vable        
mutations1 9 ! /ate ( sublun>y ?+s4     
,fur!r satisfaction may yet be _h f !   
le>n$ disc\rse ( ,salmasius lately      
publi%$1 ,,sn3 ,de annis ,climact]icis4 
if any desire to be in=m$ h[ diff]5t !  
pres5t obs]vations are f ^? ( ! anci5ts2
 h[ e "o ha? diff]5t ,climact]icals2 )  
_m o!r obs]vables1 impugn+ ! pres5t     
op9ion4                                 
,,*apt] ,,xiii                      ,( !
 ,canicul> or ,dog daies4   ,:]e( to    
speak di/9ctly3 among ! ,s\!rn          
con/ellations two !re are :i* be> ! "n (
 ! ,dog2 ! "o 9 #af degrees ( latitude1 
conta9+ on ! left ?igh a ,/> ( ! fir/   
magnitude1 usually call$ ,procyon or    
,anticanis1 because say "s x rise? be=e 

! o!r2 :i* if truly und]/ood1 mu/ be    
re/ra9$ unto ^? habitations1 :o h       
elevation ( pole above ?irty two        
degrees4 ,m5tion !re( !re is 9          
,horace,,sn3 ,iam ,procyon fu]it et     
/ella vesani ,leonis41 :o seems to      
mi/ake or conf\nd ! "o ) ! o!r2 & aft]  
him 9 ,gal51 :o is will+1 ! rem>kable/  
,/> ( ! o!r %\ld be call$ by ?is "n2    
because x is ! fir/ t arise? 9 !        
con/ellation2 :i* not)/&+1 to speak     
/rictly1 x is n2 unless we except "o ( !
 ?ird magnitude 9 ! "r paw 9 8 own & our
 elevation1 & two m on 8 head 9 & beyond
 ! degree ( ,sixty4 ,,sn3 ,:at ! ,dog-/>
 is4 ,a second & m consid]able "o !re   
is1 & neighb\r unto ! o!r1 9 #dj degrees
 ( latitude1 conta9+ #ah ,/>s1 :]e( t 9 
8 m\? ( ! fir/ magnitude1 ! ,greeks call
 1 ! ,lat9es canis major1 & we          
emphatically ! ,dog-,/>4  ,n[ f ! ris+ (
 ?is ,/>1 n cosmically1 t is1 ) ! ,sun1 
b ,heliacally1 t is1 its em]sion f !    
raies ( ! ,sun1 ! ,anci5ts comput$ _!   
canicul> daies2 conc]n+ :i* !re g5]ally 

passe? an op9ion1 t dur+ ^? daies1 all  
m$ication or use ( physick is to be     
decl9$2 & ! cure committ$ unto nature4  
,& !re=e z ?\gh !re 7 any f]iation 9    
nature1 or ju/itiums imag9able 9        
pr(essions1 ^: subject is natural1 & "u 
no int]missive1 b con/ant way (         
mutation2 ?is season is commonly t]m$ ! 
,physitians vacation1 & /&s s receiv$ by
 mo/ m54 ,:i* conceit h[ev] g5]al1 is n 
only errone\s1 b unnatural1 & subsi/+ ^u
 f\ndations ei!r false1 unc]ta91 mi/ak5 
or misappli$1 des]ves n ( mank9d t      
indubitable ass5t x f9de?4  ,= fir/1 :i*
 seems to be ! gr\nd ( ?is ass]tion1 & n
 to be drawn into "q1 t is1 ! magnifi$  
quality ( ?is ,/> conceiv$ to cause1 or 
int5d ! heat ( ?is season :]eby ^! daies
 become m obs]vable !n ! re/3 ,we f9d t 
wis] ,antiquity 0 n ( ?is op9ion4 ,=1   
sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s ago x 0 z a vulg>   
error reject$ by ,gem9us1 a le>n$       
,ma!matician 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,a/ronomy2  
:]e9 he pla9ly affirme?1 t common op9ion
 made t a cause1 :i* 0 at fir/ obs]v$ b 

z a sign4 ,! ris+ & sett+ bo? ( ?is ,/> 
& o!rs be+ obs]v$ by ! ,anci5ts1 to     
d5ote & te/ifie c]ta9 po9ts ( mutation r
 !n conceiv$ to induce or effect ! same4
 ,= our =e-fa!rs1 sai? he1 obs]v+ !     
c\rse ( ! ,sun1 & m>k+ c]ta9 mutations  
to happ5 9 8 progress ?r\gh p>ticul>    
p>ts ( ! ,zodiack1 !y regi/r$ & set !m  
d[n 9 _! ,p>apegmes1 or ,a/ronomical    
,canons2 & be+ n able to design ^! times
 by daies1 mon?s or ye>s 7! compute     
!re(1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> be+ diff]5t1   
accord+ unto diff]5t ,nations7 !y ?\ght 
be/ to settle a g5]al acc\nt unto all2 &
 to det]m9e ^! alt]ations by "s kn[n &  
inv>iable signs2 & su* did !y conceive !
 ris+ & sett+ ( ! fix$ ,/>s2 n ascrib+  
!reto any "p ( causality1 b notice &    
signification4 ,& ?us mu* seems impli$ 9
 t expression ( ,hom]1 :5 speak+ ( !    
,dog ,/>1 he conclude?----    1 ,malum  
autem signum e/2 ,! same1 z ,petavius   
obs]ve?1 is impli$ 9 ! ^w ( ,ptolomy1 & 
! ,anci5ts1  1 t is1 ( ! signification (
 ,/>s4 ,! t]m ( ,scripture also fav\rs  

x1 z t ( ,isaiah1 ,nolite tim]e  signis 
cli2 & t 9 ,g5esis1 ,ut s9t 9 signa et  
tempora3 ,let !re be lights 9 !         
firmam5t1 & let !m be = signs & =       
seasons4  ,! ,primative & lead+         
magnifi]s ( ?is ,/>1 7 ! ,egyptians1 !  
great admir]s ( ,dogs 9 ,e>? & ,heav54  
,,sn3 ,dionysius ,p]iegesi4 ,:]e9 !y    
wor%ipp$ ,anubis or ,m]curius1 ! ,scribe
 ( ,saturn1 & ,c\nsell] ( ,osyris1 !    
great inv5tor ( _! religi\s rites1 &    
,promot] ( good unto ,egypt4 ,:o 0 !re=e
 translat$ into ?is ,/>2 by ! ,egyptians
 call$ ,so?is1 & ,siris by ! ,e?iopians2
 f :5ce t ,sirius or ! ,dog-/> _h its   
"n1 is by "s conjectur$4  ,& ?is !y     
look$ ^u1 n ) ref]5ce unto heat1 b      
cle/ial influ5ce ^u ! faculties ( man1 9
 ord] to religion & all sagaci\s        
inv5tion2 & f h5ce d]iv$ ! abundance &  
great f]tility ( ,egypt1 ! ov]fl[ (     
,nilus happ5+ ab\t ! asc5t h]e(4 ,&     
!re=e 9 hi]oglyphical monum5ts1 ,anubis 
is describ$ ) a ,dogs-head1 ) a         
,crocodile betwe5 8 legs1 ) a sph]e 9 8 

h&1 ) two ,/>s1 & a wat] ,pot /&+ by    
him2 imply+ !reby1 ! ris+ & sett+ ( !   
,dog-/>1 & ! inundation ( ! ,riv]       
,nilus4  ,b if all 7 sil5t1 ,gal5 ha?   
expla9$ ?is po9t unto ! life2 :o exp\nd+
 ! reason :y ,hippocrates decl>$ !      
affections ( ! ye> by ! ris+ & sett+ (  
,/>s2 x 0 sai? he1 because he w\ld      
proce$ on signs & pr9ciples be/ kn[n    
unto all ,nations4 ,& ^u 8 words 9 !    
fir/ ( ! ,epidemicks1 ,9 ,?aso ,autumno 
circa ,equ9oxium et sub virgilias pluvi 
erant mult1 he ?us enl>ge?4 ,if 7sai?   
he7 ! same compute ( times & mon?s 7    
obs]v$ by all ,nations1 ,hippocrates _h 
nev] made any m5tion ei!r ( ,arcturus1  
,pleiades or ! ,dog-/>2 b w\ld h pla9ly 
said1 9 ,mac$onia1 9 ! mon? ,dion1 ?us  
or ?us 0 ! air dispos$4 ,b = z mu* z !  
mon? ,dion is only kn[n unto !          
,mac$onians1 b obscure unto ! ,a!nians &
 o!r ,nations1 he f\nd m g5]al          
di/9ctions ( "t1 & in/ead ( nam+ mon?s1 
w\ld usually say1 at ! qu9ox1 ! ris+ ( !
 ,pleiades1 or ! ,dog-/>4 ,,sn3 ,h[ !   

,anci5ts divid$ ! seasons ( ! ye>4 ,& by
 ?is way did ! ,anci5ts divide ! seasons
 ( ! ye>1 ! ,autumn1 ,w9t]1 ,spr+1 &    
,summ]4 ,by ! ris+ ( ! ,pleiades1 d5ot+ 
! beg9n+ ( ,summ]1 & by t ( ! ,dog-/>1 !
 decl9ation !re(4 ,by ?is way ,ari/otle 
?r\gh all 8 books ( ,animals1 di/+ui%+  
_! times ( g5]ation1 latitancy1         
migration1 sanity & v5ation4 ,& ?is 7 an
 all[able way ( compute1 & /ill to be   
reta9$1 7 ! site ( ! ,/>s z inalt]able1 
& _! asc5ts z inv>iable z primitive     
,a/ronomy conceiv$ !m4 ,& !re=e ?\gh    
,ari/otle frequ5tly m5tione? ?is ,/>1 & 
p>ticul>ly affirme? t ,fi%es 9 !        
,bosphorus are be/ cat*$ f ! arise ( !  
,dog-/>1 we mu/ n conceive ! same a me] 
effect !re(4 ,nor ?\gh ,scalig] f h5ce  
be will+ to inf] ! efficacy ( ?is ,/>1  
are we induc$ h]eto2 except because !   
same ,philosoph] affirme?1 t ,tunny is  
fat ab\t ! ris+ ( ! ,pleiades1 & dep>ts 
^u ,arcturus1 or t mo/ insects are      
lat5t1 f ! sett+ ( ! #g ,/>s2 except1 ,i
 say1 he give u also leave to inf] t ^! 

p>ticul> effects & alt]ations proce$ f  
^? ,/>s2 :i* 7 inde$ b designations (   
su* qu>t]s & portions ( ! ye>1 :]e9 !   
same 7 obs]v$4 ,n[ :at ,pl9y affirme? ( 
! ,orix1 t x seeme? to adore ?is ,/>1 & 
take? notice !re( by voice & /]nutation2
 until we be bett] assur$ ( its v]ity1  
we %all n salve ! sympa?y4  ,secondly1  
,:at sl5d] op9ion ! ,anci5ts held ( !   
efficacy ( ?is ,/>1 is decl>able f _!   
compute4 ,= z ,gem9us affirme?1 &       
,petavius 8 le>n$ ,comm5tator prove?1 !y
 began _! acc\nt f its ,heliacal        
em]sion1 & n its cosmical asc5t4 ,,sn3  
,:at ! ,cosmical4 ,! cosmical asc5tion (
 a ,/> we t]m t1 :5 x arise? toge!r ) ! 
,sun1 or ! same degree ( ! ,ecliptick   
:]e9 ! ,sun abide?3 ,,sn3 ,:at !        
,heliacal asc5t ( ,/> is4 & t !         
,heliacal1 :5 a ,/> :i* be=e = ! vic9ity
 ( ! ,sun 0 n visible1 be+ fur!r remov$1
 beg9n+ to appe>4 ,= ! annual motion ( !
 ,sun f ,we/ to ,ea/ be+ f> swift] !n t 
( ! fix$ ,/>s1 he mu/ ( necessity leave 
!m on ! ,ea/ :ile he ha/5e? =w>d1 &     

obscure? o!rs to ! ,we/3 & s ! ,moon :o 
p]=ms its motion swift] !n ! ,sun 7z may
 be obs]v$ 9 _! ,conjunctions &         
,eclipses7 gets ,ea/w>d out ( 8 raies2 &
 appe>s :5 ! ,sun is set4 ,if !re=e !   
,dog-/> _h ?is effectual heat :i* is    
ascrib$ unto x1 x w\ld af=d be/ evid5ce 
!re(1 & ! season w\ld be mo/ f]v5t1 :5 x
 arise? 9 ! probable/ place ( its       
activity1 t is1 ! cosmical asc5t2 = !re9
 x arise? ) ! ,sun1 & is includ$ 9 !    
same irradiation4 ,b ! "t obs]v$ by !   
,anci5ts 0 long aft] ?is asc5t1 & 9 !   
,heliacal em]sion2 :5 x becomes at      
greate/ di/ance f ! ,sun1 nei!r ris+ ) x
 nor ne> x4 ,& !re=e _h !y conceiv$ any 
m !n a b>e signality 9 ?is ,/>1 or      
ascrib$ ! heat ( ! season !runto1 !y    
w\ld n h comput$ f its ,heliacal asc5t1 
:i* 0 ( inf]i\r efficacy2 nor imput$ !  
vehem5cy ( heat unto ^? po9ts :]e9 x 0 m
 remiss1 & :]e ) less probability !y    
might make out its action4  ,?irdly1    
,al?\gh we d]ive ! au?ority ( ^! daies f
 obs]vations ( ! ,anci5ts1 yet are our  

computes v diff]5t1 & su* z confirm n   
ea* o!r4 ,= :]eas !y obs]v$ x           
,heliacally1 we seem to obs]ve x        
,cosmically2 = be=e x arise? ,heliacally
 unto our latitude1 ! ,summ] is ev5 at  
an end4 ,aga91 we compute n only f      
diff]5t asc5ts1 b also f div]s ,/>s2 !y 
f ! great] ,dog-/>1 we f ! less]2 !y f  
,orions we f ,cephalus 8 ,dog2 !y f     
,seirius1 we f ,procyon2 = ! beg9n+ ( ! 
,dog-daies ) u is set d[n ! #ai ( ,july1
 ab\t :i* "t ! less] ,dog-/> arise? ) ! 
,sun2 :]eas ! ,/> ( ! great] ,dog       
asc5de? n until aft] t mon?4 ,& ?is     
mi/ake w yet be l>g]1 if ! compute be   
made /rict]1 & z ,dr4 ,ba9brigge late   
pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy 9 ,ox=d1 ha? set x 
d[n ,,sn3 ,ba9b4 ,canicul>is44 ,:o 9 !  
ye> #afbi comput$1 t 9 ! ,horizon (     
,ox=d ! ,dog-/> arose n be=e ! fifte5?  
day ( ,augu/2 :5 9 our ,almanack        
acc\nts1 ^? daies are almo/ end$4 ,s t !
 common & receiv$ "t n answ]+ ! true    
compute1 x fru/rates ! obs]vations ( our
 selves4 ,& be+ also diff]5t f !        

calculations ( ! ,anci5ts1 _!           
obs]vations confirm n ours1 nor ours    
!irs1 b r confute ea* o!r4  ,nor w !    
computes ( ! ,anci5ts be s ,au!ntick    
unto ^?1 :o %all take notice1 h[        
commonly !y appli$ ! cele/ial           
descriptions ( o!r climes unto _! own2  
:]e9 ! le>n$ ,ba9brigius ju/ly          
repreh5de? ,manilius1 :o transf]r$ !    
gyptian descriptions unto ! ,roman      
acc\nt2 conf\nd+ ! obs]vation ( ! ,greek
 & ,b>b>ick ,sph]es4  ,f\r?ly1 7:i* is !
 ,argum5t ( ,gem9us7 7 !re any su*      
effectual heat 9 ?is ,/>1 yet c\ld x b  
weakly evid5ce ! same 9 ,summ]2 x be+   
ab\t #dj degrees di/ant f ! ,sun3 & %\ld
 r manife/ its w>m+ p[] 9 ! ,w9t]1 :5 x 
rema9s conjoyn$ ) ! ,sun 9 its ,hyb]nal 
conv]sion4 ,= ab\t ! #bi ( ,octob]1 & 9 
! #af ( ,scorpius & s aga9 9 ,janu>y1 ! 
,sun p]=ms 8 revolution 9 ! same p>allel
 ) ! ,dog-/>4 ,aga91 ,if we %\ld impute 
! heat ( ?is season1 unto ! co-op]ation 
( any ,/>s ) ! ,sun1 x seems m fav\rable
 = our times1 to ascribe ! same unto !  

con/ellation ( ,leo4 ,:]e besides t !   
,sun is 9 8 prop] h\se1 x is conjoyn$ ) 
_m ,/>s2 :]e( two ( ! fir/ magnitude2 & 
9 ! #h? ( ,augu/ is corporally conjoyn$ 
) ,basilicus2 a ,/> ( em95t "n 9        
,a/rology1 & seat$ almo/ 9 ! ,ecliptick4
  ,fif?ly1 ,if all 7 grant$1 t          
obs]vation & reason 7 also = x1 & 7 x an
 und5iable tru?1 t an effectual f]v\r   
proce$$ f ?is ,/>2 yet w\ld n ! same    
det]m9e ! op9ion n[ 9 "q2 x necess>ily  
suff]+ su* re/rictions z take (f g5]al  
illations4 ,= fir/ 9 reg>d ( diff]5t    
latitudes1 unto "s ! canicul> daies are 
9 ! ,w9t]2 z unto su* z h no latitude1 b
 live 9 a "r ,sph]e1 t is1 "u !         
,equ9octial l9e2 = unto !m x arise? :5 !
 ,sun is ab\t ! ,tropick ( ,canc]2 :i*  
season unto !m is ,w9t]1 & ! ,sun       
remote/ f !m4 ,nor ha? ! same position 9
 ! ,summ]1 t is1 9 ! ,equ9octial po9ts1 
any advantage f x2 = 9 ! "o po9t ! ,sun 
is at ! ,m]idian1 be=e ! ,dog-/> arise?2
 9 ! o!r ! ,/> is at ! ,m]idian1 be=e ! 
sun asc5de?4  ,sid5ote3 ,:at latitudes h

 no ,dog-daies at all4  ,"s latitudes h 
no canicul> daies at all2 z namely all  
^? :i* h m !n #gc degrees ( ,nor!rn     
,elevation2 z ! t]ritory ( ,nova        
,zembla1 "p ( ,gre5l& & ,t>t>y2 = unto t
 habitation ! ,dog-/> is invisible1 &   
appe>e? n above ! ,horizon4  ,unto su*  
latitudes :]e9 x arise?1 x c>rie? a     
v>i\s & v diff]5t respect2 unto "s x    
asc5de? :5 ,summ] is ov]1 :e!r we       
compute ,heliacally or ,cosmically2 =   
?\gh unto ,alex&ria x arise? 9 ,canc]2  
yet x arise? n unto ,bi>mia ,cosmically 
be=e x be 9 ,virgo1 & ,heliacally ab\t !
 ,autumnal ,equ9ox4 ,ev5 unto ! latitude
 ( #eb1 ! efficacy !re( is n mu*        
consid]able1 :e!r we consid] its asc5t1 
,m]idian1 altitude or abode above !     
,horizon4 ,= x arise? v late 9 ! ye>1   
ab\t ! eighte5? ( ,leo1 t is1 ! #ca (   
,july4 ,( ,m]idian ,altitude x ha? b #bc
 degrees1 s t x plaies b obliquely ^u u1
 & z ! ,sun do? ab\t ! #bc ( ,janu>y4 ,&
 la/ly1 8 abode above ! ,horizon is n   
great2 = 9 ! eighte5? ( ,leo1 ! #ca (   

,july1 al?\gh !y arise toge!r2 yet do? x
 set above #e h\rs be=e ! ,sun1 t is1   
be=e two ( ! clock1 aft] :i* "t we are m
 s5sible ( heat1 !n all ! day be=e4     
,secondly1 ,9 reg>d ( ! v>iation ( !    
longitude ( ! ,/>s1 we are to consid]   
7:at ! ,anci5ts obs]v$ n7 t ! site ( !  
fix$ ,/>s is alt]able1 & t s9ce eld]    
times !y h suff]$ a l>ge & consid]able  
v>iation ( _! longitudes4 ,,sn3 ,:at !  
longitude ( a ,/> is4 ,! longitude ( a  
,/>1 to speak pla9ly1 is its di/ance f !
 fir/ po9t ( num]ation t[>d ! ,ea/2 :i* 
fir/ po9t unto ! ,anci5ts 0 ! v]nal     
qu9ox4 ,n[ by reason ( _! motion f ,we/ 
to ,ea/1 !y h v mu* v>i$ f ?is po9t3 ,! 
fir/ ,/> ( ,aries 9 ! "t ( ,meton !     
,a!nian 0 plac$ 9 ! v int]section1 :i*  
is n[ elongat$ & remov$ ,ea/w>d #bh     
degrees2 insomu* t n[ ! sign ( ,aries   
possesse? ! place ( ,taurus1 & ,taurus t
 ( ,gem9i4 ,:i* v>iation ( longitude mu/
 v mu* di/ract ! op9ion ( ! ,dog />2 n  
only 9 our daies1 b 9 times be=e & aft]2
 = s9ce ! ,_w began x ha? aris5 9       

,taurus1 & if ! ,_w la/1 may h its asc5t
 9 ,virgo2 s t we mu/ place ! canicul>  
daies1 t is1 ! hotte/ "t ( ! ye> 9 !    
,spr+ 9 ! fir/ age1 & 9 ! ,autumn 9     
,ages to come4  ,?irdly1 ,! ,/>s h n    
only v>i$ _! longitudes1 :]eby _! asc5ts
 h alt]$2 b h also *ang$ _! decl9ations1
 :]eby _! ris+ at all1 t is1 _! appe>+  
ha? v>i$4 ,,sn3 ,:at ! decl9ation ( a   
,/> is4 ,! decl9ation ( a ,/> we call   
its di/ance f ! ,equator4 ,n[ ?\gh !    
,poles ( ! _w & ! ,equator be immovable1
 yet because ! ,/>s 9 _! prop] motions f
 ,we/ to ,ea/1 d move ^u ! poles ( !    
,ecliptick1 di/ant #bc degrees & an half
 f ! ,poles ( ! ,equator1 & describe    
circles p>allel n unto ! ,equator1 b !  
,ecliptick2 !y mu/ be !re=e sometimes   
ne>]1 sometimes remov$ fur!r f !        
,equator4 ,all ,/>s t h _! di/ance f !  
,ecliptick ,nor?w>d n m !n #bc degrees &
 an half 7:i* is ! greate/ di/ance ( !  
,ecliptick f ! ,equator7 may 9          
progression ( "t h decl9ation ,s\?w>d1 &
 move beyond ! ,equator3 b if any ,/>   

ha? j ?is di/ance ( #bc & an half 7z ha?
 ,capella on ! back ( ,eric?onius7 x may
 h]eaft] move "u ! ,equ9octial2 & ! same
 w happ5 respectively unto ,/>s :i* h   
decl9ation ,s\?w>d4 ,& !re=e _m ,/>s may
 be visible 9 our ,hemisph]e1 :i* are n 
s at pres5t2 & _m :i* are at pres5t1    
%all take leave ( our ,horizon1 & appe> 
unto ,s\!rn habitations4 ,& !re=e ! "t  
may come t ! ,dog /> may n be visible 9 
our ,horizon1 & ! "t ha? be51 :5 x ha? n
 %ew$ x self unto our neighb\r          
latitudes4 ,s t canicul> daies !re h be5
 none1 nor %all be2 yet c]ta9ly 9 all   
times "s season ( ! ye> m notably hot !n
 o!r4  ,la/ly1 ,we multiply causes 9    
va92 & = ! reason h]e(1 we ne$ n h      
rec\rse unto any ,/> b ! ,sun1 &        
cont9uity ( its action4 ,= ! ,sun asc5d+
 into ! ,nor!rn signs1 begette? fir/ a  
temp]ate heat 9 ! air2 :i* by 8 approa* 
unto ! sol/ice he int5de?2 & by         
cont9uation increase? ! same ev5 ^u     
decl9ation4 ,,sn3 ,:y ! ,dog-daies be s 
hot4 ,= runn+ ov] ! same degrees aga91 t

 is1 9 ,leo1 :i* he ha? done 9 ,taurus1 
9 ,july :i* he did 9 ,may2 he augm5te? !
 heat 9 ! latt] :i* he began 9 ! fir/2 &
 easily int5de? ! same by cont9uation   
:i* 0 well promot$ be=e4 ,s x is obs]v$1
 t !y :i* dwell betwe5 ! ,tropicks & !  
,equator1 h _! second summ] hott] & m   
maturative ( fruits !n ! =m]4 ,s we     
obs]ve 9 ! day 7:i* is a %ort ye>7 !    
greate/ heat ab\t two 9 ! aft]noon1 :5 !
 ,sun is pa/ ! ,m]idian 7:i* is 8       
diurnal sol/ice7 & ! same is evid5t f ! 
,!rmomet] or obs]vations ( !            
wea!r-glass4 ,s are ! colds ( ! night   
%>p] 9 ! ,summ] ab\t two or ?ree aft]   
midnight1 & ! fro/s 9 ,w9t] /rong] ab\t 
^? h\rs4 ,s likewise 9 ! ye> we obs]ve !
 cold to augm5t1 :5 ! daies beg9 to     
increase1 ?\gh ! ,sun be !n asc5sive1 & 
return+ f ! ,w9t] ,tropick4 ,& !re=e if 
we re/ n 9 ?is reason = ! heat 9 !      
decl9+ "p ( ,summ]1 we mu/ discov]      
freez+ ,/>s t may resolve ! latt] colds 
( ,w9t]2 :i* :oev] desires to inv5t1 let
 him /udy ! ,/>s ( ,&rom$a1 or ! ne>]   

con/ellation ( ,pegasus1 :i* are ab\t t 
"t asc5d5t4  ,x _c !re=e seem /range1 or
 sav\r ( s+ul>ity t we h exam9$ ?is     
po9t2 s9ce ! same ha? be5 already d5i$  
by "s1 s9ce ! au?ority & obs]vations ( !
 ,anci5ts rightly und]/ood1 d n confirm 
x1 s9ce our pres5t computes are diff]5t 
f ^? ( ! ,anci5ts1 :]eon not)/&+ !y     
dep5d2 s9ce !re is reason aga9/ x1 & if 
all 7 grant$1 yet mu/ x be ma9ta9$ )    
manifold re/ra9ts1 f> o!rwise !n is     
receiv$4 ,& la/ly1 s9ce f pla9 & natural
 pr9ciples1 ! d\bt may be fairly salv$1 
& n clapt up f petition>y f\ndations &  
pr9ciples une/abli%$4  ,b t :i* *iefly  
promot$ ! consid]ation ( ^! daies1 &    
m$ically advanc$ ! same1 0 ! doctr9 (   
,hippocrates2 a ,physitian ( su* repute1
 t he receiv$ a te/imony f a ,*ri/ian1 t
 might h be5 giv5 unto ,*ri/4 ,,sn3 ,qui
 nec fall]e pote/ nec falli4 ,! fir/ 9 8
 book1 de ,acre1 ,aquis1 et locis4      
,syd]um ortus1 etc4 ,t is1 we are to    
obs]ve ! ris+ ( ,/>s1 especially !      
,dog-/>1 ,arcturus1 & ! sett+ ( !       

,pleiades or sev5 ,/>s4 ,f :5ce not)/&+ 
we _c inf] ! g5]al efficacy ( ^! ,/>s1  
or co-efficacy p>ticul> 9 m$ications4   
,probably express+ no m h]eby !n if he  
%\ld h pla9ly said1 especial notice we  
are to take ( ! hotte/ "t 9 ,summ]1 ( ! 
beg9n+ ( ,autumn & ,w9t]2 = by ! ris+ & 
sett+ ( ^? ,/>s 7 ^! times & seasons    
def9$4 ,,sn3 ,diseases commonly det]m9$1
 by :at seasons4 ,& !re=e subjoyns ?is  
reason1 ,quoniam 8 temporibus morbi     
f9iuntur1 because at ^! times diseases h
 _! ends2 z ,physitians well kn[n1 & he 
else:]e affirme?1 t seasons det]m9e     
diseases1 beg9n+ 9 _! contr>ies2 z !    
,spr+ ! diseases ( ,autumn1 & ! ,summ]  
^? ( ,w9t]4 ,n[ 7:at is v rem>kable7    
:]eas 9 ! "s place he advise? to obs]ve 
! times ( notable mutations1 z !        
,equ9oxes1 & ! ,sol/ices1 & to decl9e   
,m$ication t5 daies be=e & aft]2 h[     
precisely soev] canicul> cautions be    
consid]$1 ?is is n obs]v$ by            
,physitians1 nor tak5 notice ( by ! p4  
,& inde$ %\ld we bl9dly obey ! re/ra9ts 

bo? ( ,physitians & ,a/rolog]s1 we %\ld 
contract ! lib]ty ( our prescriptions1 &
 conf9e ! utility ( ,physick unto a v   
few daies4 ,= obs]v+ ! ,dog-daies1 & z  
is express$1 "s daies be=e1 likewise t5 
daies be=e & aft] ! ,equ9octial &       
,sol/icial po9ts2 by ?is obs]vation     
alone are exempt$ an hundr$ daies4      
,:]eunto if we add ! two ,egyptian daies
 9 e mon?1 ! int]lun>y & pl5ilun>y      
exemptions1 ! ,eclipses ( ,sun & ,moon1 
conjunctions & oppositions ,planetical1 
! h\ses ( ,planets1 & ! site ( !        
,lum9>ies "u ! signs 7:]e9 "s w\ld      
induce a re/ra9t ( ,purgation or        
,phlebotomy7 !re w\ld arise above an    
hundr$ m2 s t ( ! :ole ye> ! use (      
,physick w\ld n be secure mu* above a   
qu>t]4 ,n[ z we d n /rictly obs]ve ^!   
daies1 s ne$ we n ! o!r2 & al?\gh       
consid]ation be made h]e(1 yet mu/ we   
pref] ! ne>] indications be=e ^? :i* are
 drawn f ! "t ( ! ye>2 or o!r cle/ial   
relations4  ,! second ,te/imony is tak5 
out ( ! la/ piece ( 8 ,age1 & aft] !    

exp]i5ce 7z "s ?9k7 ( no less !n an     
hundr$ ye>s1 t is1 8 book ( ,aphorisms1 
or %ort & def9itive det]m9ations 9      
,physick4 ,! ,aphorism alleadg$ is ?is1 
,sub ,cane et ante ,canem difficiles    
sunt purgationes4 ,sub ,cane et         
,anticane1 say "s includ+ bo? !         
,dog-/>s2 b t _c consi/ ) ! ,greek3     
1 nor _h t ,criticism be5 ev] omitt$ by 
,gal54 ,n[ h[ true ?is s5t5ce 0 9 ! m\? 
( ,hippocrates1 & ) :at re/ra9t x mu/ be
 und]/ood by u1 w readily appe> f !     
diff]5ce betwe5 u bo?1 9 circum/antial  
relations4  ,& fir/1 ,conc]n+ 8 "t &    
,*ronology3 ,,sn3 ,:5 ,hippocrates liv$4
 he liv$ 9 ! reign ( ,artax]xes         
,longimanus1 ab\t ! #hb ,olympiade1 #dej
 ye>s be=e ,*ri/2 & f our times above   
two ?\s&4 ,n[ s9ce t "t 7z we h already 
decl>$7 ! ,/>s h v>i$ _! longitudes2 &  
hav+ made l>ge progressions f ,we/ to   
,ea/1 ! "t ( ! ,dog-/>s asc5t mu/ also v
 mu* alt]4 ,= x arise? lat] n[ 9 ! ye>1 
!n x =m]ly did 9 ! same latitude2 & f>  
lat] unto u :o h a great] elevation2 = 9

 ! daies ( ,hippocrates ?is ,/> asc5d$ 9
 ,canc]1 :i* n[ arise? 9 ,leo3 & w 9    
progression ( "t arise 9 ,virgo4 ,&     
!re=e 9 reg>d ( ! "t :]e9 he liv$1 !    
,aphorism 0 m consid]able 9 8 daies !n 9
 ours1 & 9 times f> pa/ !n pres5t1 & 9 8
 ,c\ntrey !n ours4  ,! place ( 8        
nativity 0 ,coos1 an ,isl& 9 ! ,myrtoan 
,sea1 n f> f ,rhodes1 describ$ 9 ,maps  
by ! "n ( ,lango1 & call$ by ! ,turks :o
 are ,ma/]s !re(1 ,/ancora2 accord+ unto
 ,ptolomy ( ,nor!rn latitude #cf        
degrees4 ,t he liv$ & writ 9 ^! p>ts1 is
 n improbably collect$ f ! ,epi/les t   
pass$ betwixt him & ,artax]xes2 z also  
betwe5 ! ,citiz5s ( ,abd]a1 & ,coos1 9 !
 behalf ( ,democritus4 ,:i* place be+   
seat$ f our latitude ( #eb1 #af degrees 
,s\?w>d1 !re w arise a diff]5t          
consid]ation2 & we may mu* deceive our  
selves if we con=m ! asc5t ( ,/>s 9 "o  
place unto ano!r1 or conceive !y arise !
 same day ( ! mon? 9 ,coos & 9 ,engl&4  
,= z ,petavius computes 9 ! fir/ ,julian
 ye>1 at ,alex&ria ( latitude #ca1 ! ,/>

 arose cosmically 9 ! twelf? degree (   
,canc]1 ,heliacally ! #bf1 by ! compute 
( ,gem9us ab\t ?is "t at ,rhodes (      
latitude #cg1 x asc5d$ cosmically ! #af 
( ,canc]1 ,heliacally ! fir/ ( ,leo2 &  
ab\t t "t at ,rome ( latitude #db1      
cosmically ! #bb ( ,canc]1 & ,heliacally
 ! fir/ ( ,leo4 ,= unto places ( great] 
latitude x arise? ev] lat]2 s t 9 "s    
latitudes ! cosmical asc5t happ5e? n    
be=e ! tw5tie? degree ( ,virgo1 t5 daies
 be=e ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 & if !y      
compute ,heliacally1 aft] x1 9 ,libra4  
,aga91 ,%\ld we all[ all1 & only compute
 unto ! latitude ( ,coos2 yet w\ld x n  
impose a total omission ( ,physick4 ,=  
if 9 ! hotte/ season ( t clime1 all     
,physick 7 to be decl9$1 !n surely 9 _m 
o!r none 7 to be us$ at any "t :atsoev]2
 = unto _m p>ts1 n only 9 ! ,spr+ &     
,autumn1 b also 9 ! ,w9t]1 ! ,sun is    
ne>]1 !n unto ! clime ( ,coos 9 !       
,summ]4  ,! ?ird consid]ation conc]ne?  
purg+ m$ic9es1 :i* are at pres5t f>     
diff]5t f ^? impli$ 9 ?is ,aphorism1 &  

su* z 7 commonly us$ by ,hippocrates4   
,,sn3 ,?ree degrees ( purgations4 ,=    
?ree degrees we make ( purgative        
m$ic9es3 ,! fir/ !re( is v b5ign1 nor f>
 remov$ f ! nature ( ,alim5t1 into :i*1 
^u defect ( work+1 x is (t-times        
conv]t$2 & 9 ?is =m d we acc\nt ,manna1 
,cassia1 ,tam>9des1 & _m m2 :]e( we f9d 
no m5tion 9 ,hippocrates4 ,?is second is
 also g5tle hav+ a famili>ity ) "s      
humor1 into :i* x is b conv]t$ if x fail
 ( its op]ation3 ( ?is sort are ,aloe1  
,rhab>b1 ,s5na1 etc4 ,:]e( also few or  
none 7 kn[n unto ,hippocrates4 ,! ?ird  
is ( a viol5t & v5em\s quality1 :i*     
fru/rate ( its action1 assumes z x 7 !  
nature ( poison2 su* z are ,scammoneum1 
,colocyn?is1 ,elat]ium1 ,euphorbium1    
,ti?ymallus1 ,laureola1 ,peplum1 etc4 ,(
 ?is sort ,hippocrates made use1 ev5 9  
,fev]s1 ,pleurisies & ,qu9sies2 & t     
composition is v rem>kable :i* is       
ascrib$ unto ,diog5es 9 tius,,sn3       
,tetrab4 lib4 #a4 ,s]m4 #c42 t is1 (    
,pepp]1 ,sal ,armoniac1 ,euphorbium1 (  

ea* an ounce1 ! ,dosis :]e( f\r scruples
 & an half2 :i* :osoev] %\ld take1 w\ld 
f9d 9 8 b[els m !n a canicul> heat1 ?\gh
 9 ! dep? ( ,w9t]2 _m ( ! l nature may  
be obs]v$ 9 tius1 or 9 ! book ,de       
,d9amidiis1 ascrib$ unto ,gal51 :i* is !
 same v]batim ) ! o!r4  ,n[ 9 reg>d ( ! 
second1 & especially ! fir/ degree (    
,purgatives1 ! ,aphorism is n ( =ce2 b  
we may safely use !m1 !y be+ b5ign & (  
innoxi\s qualities4 ,& !re=e ,lucas     
,gauricus1 :o ha? endeav\r$ ) _m        
te/imonies to advance ?is consid]ation1 
at l5g? conc$e? t l5itive ,physick may  
be us$1 especially :5 ! ,moon is well   
affect$ 9 ,canc] or 9 ! wat]y signs4 ,b 
9 reg>d ( ! ?ird degree ! ,aphorism is  
consid]able3 purgations may be dang]\s2 
& a memorable example !re is 9 ! m$ical 
,epi/les ( ,crucius1 ( a ,roman ,pr9ce t
 di$ ^u an ounce ( ,diaphnicon1 tak5 9  
?is season4 ,f ! use :]e( we refra9 n   
only 9 hot seasons1 b w>ily exhibit x at
 all times 9 hot diseases4 ,:i* :5      
necessity requires1 we c p]=m m safely  

!n ! ,anci5ts1 z hav+ bett] waies (     
prep>ation & correction2 t is1 n only by
 addition ( o!r bodies1 b sep>ation (   
noxi\s p>ts f _! own4  ,b beside ^!     
diff]5ces betwe5 ,hippocrates & u1 !    
,physitians ( ^! times & ^? (           
,antiquity2 ! condition ( ! disease1 & !
 int5tion ( ! ,physitian1 hold a ma9    
consid]ation 9 :at "t & place soev]4 ,= 
,physick is ei!r curative or prev5tive2 
,prev5tive we call t :i* by purg+ noxi\s
 humors1 & ! causes ( diseases1 prev5te?
 sickness 9 ! heal?y1 or ! rec\rse !re( 
9 ! valetud9>y2 ?is is ( common use at !
 spr+ & fall1 & we comm5d n ! same at   
?is season4 ,!rapeutick or curative     
,physick1 we t]m t1 :i* re/ore? !       
,pati5t unto ,sanity1 & take? away      
diseases actually affect+4 ,,sn3        
,diseases ,*ronical & ,acute :at !y be4 
,n[ ( diseases "s are cronical & ( long 
duration1 z qu>tane ,agues1 ,scurvy1    
etc4 ,:]e9 because !y admit ( delay we  
def] ! cure to m advantagi\s seasons2   
,o!rs we t]m acute1 t is1 ( %ort        

duration & dang]1 z ,fev]s1 ,pleurisies1
 etc4 ,9 :i*1 because delay is dang]\s1 
& !y arise unto _! /ate be=e !          
,dog-daies det]m9e1 we apply pres5t     
rem$ies accord+ unto ,indications2      
respect+ r ! acut5ess ( ! disease1 &    
precipitancy ( occasion1 !n ! ris+ or   
sett+ ( ,/>s2 ! effects ( ! "o be+      
disputable1 ( ! o!r assur$ & inevitable4
  ,& al?\gh ,a/rology may "h put 91 &   
plead ! secret influ5ce ( ?is ,/>2 yet  
,gal5 9 8 ,comm5t1 makes no su*         
consid]ation2 confirm+ ! tru? ( !       
,aphorism f ! heat ( ! ye>2 & ! op]ation
 ( ,m$ic9es exhibit$4 ,,sn3 ,/rong      
purgations n s well giv5 9 ! heat (     
summ]1 & :y4 ,9 reg>d t bodies be+ heat$
 by ! ,summ]1 _c s well endure !        
acrimony ( purg+ ,m$ic9es2 & because ^u 
purgations contr>y motions ensue1 ! heat
 ( ! air attract+ ! hum\rs outw>d1 & !  
action ( ! ,m$ic9e retract+ ! same      
inw>d4 ,b ^! are readily salv$ 9 !      
di/9ctions be=e alleadg$2 & p>ticul>ly 9
 ! con/itution ( our climate & div]s    

o!rs1 :]e9 ! air makes no su* exhau/ion 
( spirits4 ,& 9 ! b5ignity ( our        
,m$ic9es2 :]e( "s 9 _! own natures1 o!rs
 well prep>$1 agitate n ! humors1 or    
make s5sible p]turbation4  ,sid5ote3 ,a 
,problem4  ,nor d we h]eby reject or    
condemn a sob] & regulat$ ,a/rology2 we 
hold !re is m tru? !re9 !n 9 ,a/rolog]s2
 9 "s m !n _m all[1 yet 9 none s mu* z  
"s pret5d4 ,we d5y n ! influ5ce ( !     
,/>s1 b (t5 suspect ! due application   
!re(2 = ?\gh we %\ld affirm t all ?+s 7 
9 all ?+s2 t heav5 7 b e>? cele/ifi$1 & 
e>? b heav5 t]re/rifi$1 or t ea* "p     
above _h an influ5ce ^u its divid$      
aff9ity bel[2 yet h[ to s+le out ^!     
relations1 & duly to apply _! actions is
 a "w (t times to be effect$ by "s      
revelation1 & ,cabala f above1 r !n any 
,philosophy1 or speculation "h bel[4    
,:at p[] soev] !y h ^u our bodies1 x is 
n requisite !y %\ld de/roy our reasons1 
t is1 to make u rely on ! /r5g? (       
,nature1 :5 %e is lea/ able to relieve  
u2 & :5 we conceive ! heav5 aga9/ u1 to 

refuse ! assi/ance ( ! e>? creat$ = u4  
,,sn3 ,^u ! bit+ ( a mad ,dog !re ensues
 an hydrophobia or fe> ( wat]4 ,?is 7 to
 suff] f ! m\? ( ! ,dog above1 :at o!rs 
d f ! tee? ( ,dogs bel[2 t is1 to be    
afraid ( _! prop] rem$y1 & refuse to    
approa* any wat]1 ?\gh t ha? (t5 prov$ a
 cure unto _! disease4 ,!re is 9 wise m5
 a p[] beyond ! ,/>s2 & ,ptolomy        
enc\rage? u1 t by =ekn[l$ge1 we may     
evade _! actions2 =1 be+ b univ]sal     
causes1 !y are det]m9$ by p>ticul>      
ag5ts2 :i* be+ incl9$1 n con/ra9$1      
conta9 )9 !mselves ! ca/+ act1 & a p[]  
to comm& ! conclusion4  ,la/ly1 ,if all 
be conc$$1 & 7 !re 9 ?is ,aphorism an   
unre/ra9$ tru?1 yet 7 x n reasonable f a
 caution to inf]r a non-usance or       
abolition1 f a ?+ to be us$ )           
discretion1 n to be us$ at all4 ,because
 ! ,apo/le bids u bew>e ( ,philosophy1  
heads ( extremity w h none at all2 an   
usual fallacy 9 vulg> & less di/9ctive  
bra9s1 :o hav+ once ov]%ot ! mean1 run  
viol5tly on1 & f9d no re/ b 9 !         

extreams4  ,n[ h]eon we h ! long]       
insi/$1 because ! error is mat]ial1 &   
conc]ns (t-times ! life ( man2 an error 
to be tak5 notice ( by ,/ate1 & provid$ 
aga9/ by ,pr9ces1 :o are ( ! op9ion (   
,solomon1 t _! ri*es consi/s 9 !        
multitude ( _! subjects4 ,an error worse
 !n "s reput$ ,h]esies2 & ( great] dang]
 to ! body1 !n !y unto ! s\l2 :i*       
:osoev] is able to reclaim1 he %all     
salve m 9 "o summ] !n ,!mison,,sn3 ,a   
,physitian4 ,quot ,!mison gros ,autumno 
occid]it uno4 ,juv5al4 de/roy$ 9 any    
,autumn2 he %all introduce a new way (  
cure1 pres]v+ by ,!ory1 z well z        
practice1 & m5 n only f dea?1 b f       
de/roy+ !mselves4                       
,,! ,,fif? ,,book                 ,( _m 
?+s que/ionable z !y are                
commonly describ$ 9 ,pictures4          
,,*apt] ,i                     ,( !     
,picture ( ! ,pelecan4   ,& fir/ 9 e    
place we meet ) ! picture ( ! ,pelecan1 
op5+ h] brea/ ) h] bill1 & fe$+ h] "y   
ones ) ! blood di/ill+ f h]4 ,?us is x  

set =? n only 9 common ,signs1 b 9 !    
,cre/ & ,s*u*eon ( _m ,noble families2  
ha? be5 ass]t$ by _m holy ,writ]s1 & 0  
an ,hi]ogliphick ( piety & pitty among !
 gyptians2 on :i* consid]ation1 !y sp>$ 
!m at _! tables4  ,not)/&+ ^u enquiry we
 f9d no m5tion h]e( 9 ,anci5t           
,zodiograph]s1 & su* z h p>ticul>ly     
disc\rs$ ^u ,animals1 z ,ari/otle1 lian1
 ,pl9y1 ,sol9us & _m m2 :o seldom =get  
proprieties ( su* a nature1 & h be5 v   
punctual 9 less consid]able ,records4   
,"s gr\nd h]e( ,i confess we may all[1  
nor ne$ we d5y a rem>kable affection 9  
,pelecans t[>d _! "y2 = lian disc\rs+ ( 
,/orks1 & _! affection t[>d _! brood1   
:om !y in/ruct to fly1 & unto :om !y    
re-deliv] up ! provision ( _! ,bellies1 
conclude? at la/1 t ,h]ons & ,pelecans d
 ! l4  ,z = ! te/imonies ( ,anci5t      
,fa!rs1 & ,ecclesia/ical ,writ]s1 we may
 m safely conceive !re9 "s ,emblematical
 ?an any real ,/ory3 s do? ,eu*]ius     
confess x to be ! ,emblem ( ,*ri/4 ,& we
 are unwill+ lit]ally to receive t      

acc\nt ( ,j]om1 t p]ceiv+ h] "y ones    
de/roy$ by ,s]p5ts1 %e op5e? h] side )  
h] bill1 by ! blood :]e( !y revive &    
return unto life aga94 ,by :i* relation 
!y might inde$ illu/rate ! de/ruction ( 
man by ! old ,s]p5t1 & 8 re/orem5t by ! 
blood ( ,*ri/3 & 9 ?is s5se we %all n   
dispute ! l relations ( ,au/9e1         
,isidore1 ,alb]tus1 & _m m3 & "u an     
,emblematical int5tion1 we accept x 9   
coat-arm\r4  ,z = ! ,hi]oglyphick ( !   
,egyptians1 !y erect$ ! same ^u ano!r   
consid]ation1 :i* 0 p>5tal affection2   
manife/$ 9 ! protection ( h] "y ones1 :5
 h] ne/ 0 set on fire4 ,= z = lett+ out 
h] blood1 x 0 n ! ass]tion ( !          
,egyptians1 b seems translat$ unto !    
,pelecan f ! ,vulture1 z ,pi]ius ha?    
pla9ly deliv]$4 ,s$ quod ,pelicanum 7ut 
etiam aliis pl]isque p]suasum e/7 ro/ro 
pectus dissecantem p+unt1 ita ut suo    
sangu9e filios alat1 ab gyptiorum hi/ori
 valde ali5um e/1 illi enim vulturem    
tantum id fac]e tradid]unt4  ,& la/ly1 z
 conc]n+ ! picture1 if naturally exam9$1

 & n ,hi]ogliphically conceiv$1 x       
conta9e? _m improprieties1 disagree+    
almo/ 9 all ?+s f ! true & prop]        
description4 ,=1 :]eas x is commonly set
 =? gre5 or yell[1 9 its prop] col\r1 x 
is incl9+ to :ite2 except+ ! extremities
 or tops ( ! w+ fea!rs1 :i* are br[n4   
,,sn3 ,! bigness ( a ,pelecan4 ,x is    
describ$ 9 ! bigness ( a ,h51 :]eas x   
approa*e? & sometimes exce$e? !         
magnitude ( a ,swan4 ,x is commonly     
pa9t$ ) a %ort bill2 :]eas t ( !        
,pelecan atta9e? sometimes ! l5g? ( two 
spans4 ,! bill is made acute or po9t$ at
 ! end2 :]eas x is flat & broad1 ?\gh   
some:at inv]t$ at ! extream4 ,x is      
describ$ l fissip$es1 or birds :i* h _! 
feet or claws divid$2 :]eas x is        
palmip$\s1 or f9-foot$ l ,swans &       
,geese2 accord+ to ! me?od ( nature1 9  
latiro/r\s or flat-bild birds2 :i* be+  
g5]ally swimm]s1 ! organ is wisely      
contriv$ unto ! action1 & !y are fram$ )
 f9s or o>s ^u _! feet2 & !re=e !y nei!r
 light1 nor build on trees1 if we except

 ,cormorants1 :o make _! ne/s l ,h]ons4 
,,sn3 ,( h] ,crop4 ,la/ly1 !re is "o "p 
omitt$ m rem>kable ?an any o!r1 t is1 ! 
*[le or crop adh]+ unto ! l[] side ( !  
bill1 & s desc5d+ by ! ?roat3 a bag or  
sa*el v obs]vable1 & ( a capacity almo/ 
beyond cr$it2 :i* not)/&+1 ?is animal   
c\ld n want2 = !re9 x receive? ,oy/]s1  
,co*els1 ,scollops1 & o!r te/ace\s      
animals2 :i* be+ n able to break1 x     
reta9s !m until !y op51 & vomit+ !m up1 
takes out ! meat conta9$4 ,?is is t "p  
pres]v$ = a r>ity & :]e9 7z ,sanctius   
deliv]s7 9 "o dissect$1 a ,negro *ild 0 
f\nd4  ,a possibility !re may be ( op5+ 
& ble$+ _! brea/2 = ?is may be done by !
 unc\s & po9t$ extremity ( _! bill3 & "s
 probability also t !y sometimes d x1 = 
_! own relief1 ?\gh n = _! "y ones2 t is
 by nibl+ & bit+ !mselves on _! it*+ "p 
( _! brea/1 ^u fullness or acrimony (   
blood4 ,& ! same may be bett] made out2 
if 7z "s relate7 _! fea!rs on t "p are  
sometimes obs]v$ to be r$ & t9ct$ )     
blood4                                  

,,*apt] ,,ii                      ,( !  
,picture ( ,dolph9s4   ,t ,dolph9s are  
crook$1 is n only affirm$ by ! h& ( !   
,pa9t]1 b commonly conceiv$ _! natural &
 prop] figure2 :i* is n only ! op9ion ( 
our times1 b seems ! belief ( eld] times
 be=e u4 ,=1 beside ! expressions (     
,ovid & ,pl9y1 _! ,p\rtraicts 9 "s      
anci5t ,coyns are fram$ 9 ?is figure1 z 
w appe> 9 "s !re( 9 ,gesn]1 o!rs 9      
,goltsius1 & ,lv9us ,hulsius 9 8        
discription ( ,coyns1 f ,julius ,cs>    
unto ,rhodulphus ! second4  ,not)/&+1 to
 speak /rictly 9 _! natural figure !y   
are /reight1 nor h _! sp9e convex$1 or m
 consid]ably emb[$1 ?an ,%>ks1          
,porposes1 ,:ales1 & o!r ,cetace\s      
animals1 z ,scalig] pla9ly affirme?3    
,corpus habet non magis curvum quam     
reliqui pisces4 ,z ocul> enquiry in=me?2
 & z unto su* z h n _h ! opportunity to 
behold !m1 _! prop] p\rtraicts w discov]
 9 ,rondeletius1 ,gesn]1 & ,aldrov&us4  
,& z inde$ is d$ucible f pictures       
!mselves2 = ?\gh !y be drawn rep&\s1 or 

convex$ly crook$ 9 "o piece1 yet !      
,dolph9 t c>rie? ,arion is concav\sly   
inv]t$1 & ha? its sp9e depress$ 9 ano!r4
 ,& answ]ably h]eto may we behold !m    
diff]5tly b[$ 9 m$alls1 & ! ,dolph9s (  
,t>us & ,fulius d make ano!r flexure f t
 ( ,commodus & ,agrippa4  ,& !re=e :at  
is deliv]$ ( _! incurvity1 mu/ ei!r be  
tak5 ,emphatically1 t is1 n really b 9  
appe>ance2 :i* happ5e?1 :5 !y leap above
 wat]1 & sudd5ly %oot d[n aga92 :i* is a
 fallacy 9 vision1 :]eby /raight bodies 
9 a sudd5 motion protrud$ obliquely     
d[nw>d1 appe> unto ! eye crook$2 & ?is  
is ! con/ruction ( ,bellonius4 ,or if x 
be tak5 really1 x mu/ n univ]sally &    
p]petually2 t is1 n :5 !y swim & rema9 9
 _! prop] figures1 b only :5 !y leap1 or
 impetu\sly :irl _! bodies any way2 &   
?is is ! op9ion ( ,gesn]us4 ,or la/ly1  
,x may be tak5 nei!r really nor         
emphatically1 b only ,emblematically3 = 
be+ ! ,hi]oglyphick ( cel]ity1 & swift] 
?an o!r animals1 m5 be/ express$ _!     
velocity by incurvity1 & "u "s figure ( 

a b[3 & 9 ?is s5se probably d ,h]alds   
also receive x1 :5 f a ,dolph9 ext5d$1  
!y di/+ui% a ,dolph9 emb[$4  ,& ?us also
 mu/ t picture be tak5 ( a ,dolph9      
clasp+ an ,an*or3 t is1 n really1 z is  
by mo/ conceiv$ out ( affection unto    
man1 conveigh+ ! ,an*or unto ! gr\nd3 b 
emblematically1 accord+ z ,pi]ius ha?   
express$ x1 ,! swifte/ animal conjoyn$ )
 t heavy body1 imply+ t common moral1   
,fe/9a l5t3 & t cel]ity %\ld always be  
contemp]$ ) cunctation4                 
,,*apt] ,,iii                     ,( !  
,picture ( a ,gra%opp]4   ,!re is also  
among u a common description & picture (
 a ,gra%opp]1 z may be obs]v$ 9 !       
pictures ( ,emblemati/s1 9 ! coats (    
sev]al families1 & z ! ^w ,cicada is    
usually translat$ 9 ,diction>ies4 ,:]e9 
to speak /rictly1 if by ?is ^w          
,gra%opp]1 we und]/& t animal :i* is    
impli$ by  ) ! ,greeks1 & by ,cicada ) !
 ,lat9es2 we may ) safety affirm !      
picture is widely mi/ak51 & t = ought   
enquiry c in=m1 !re is no su* insect 9  

,engl&4 ,:i* h[ p>adoxical soev]1 ^u a  
/rict enquiry1 w prove und5iable tru?4  
,= fir/1 ,t animal :i* ! ,fr5* t]m      
,saut]elle1 we a ,gra%opp]1 & :i* "u ?is
 "n is commonly describ$ by u1 is nam$  
by ! ,greeks1 by ! ,lat9es ,locu/a1 & by
 our selves 9 prop] spee* a ,locu/2 z 9 
! diet ( ,john ,bapti/1 & 9 our         
,translation ,,sn3 ,prov4 #cj41 !       
,locu/s h no ,k+1 yet g !y =? all ( !m  
by b&s4 ,aga91 ,betwe5 ! ,cicada & t we 
call a ,gra%opp]1 ! diff]5ces are v _m1 
z may be obs]v$ 9 !mselves1 or _!       
descriptions 9 ,mat?iolus1 ,aldrov&us & 
,muffetus4 ,= fir/1 ,!y are diff]5tly   
cucullat$ or capu*$ ^u ! head & back1 & 
9 ! ,cicada ! eyes are m prom95t3 !     
,locu/s h ,ant5n3 or long horns be=e1 ) 
a long falcation or =cipat$ tail beh9d2 
& be+ orda9$ = saltation1 _! h9d] legs d
 f> exce$ ! o!r4 ,! ,locu/ or our       
,gra%opp] ha? tee?1 ! ,cicada none at   
all2 nor any m\? accord+ unto ,ari/otle3
 ! ,cicada is mo/ ^u trees2 & la/ly1 !  
frit9nitus or prop] note !re(1 is f> m  

%ril ?an t ( ! ,locu/2 & its life s %ort
 9 ,summ]1 t = provision x ne$s n h     
rec\rse unto ! provid5ce ( ! ,pismire 9 
,w9t]4  ,& !re=e :]e ! ,cicada mu/ be   
und]/ood1 ! pictures ( ,h]alds &        
,emblemati/s are n exact1 nor is x safe 
to adh]e unto ! int]pretation (         
,diction>ies2 & we mu/ ) c&\r make out  
our own ,translations3 = 9 ! ,plague (  
gypt1 ,exodus #aj4 ! ^w  is translat$ a 
,locu/1 b 9 ! same s5se & subject1      
,wisdom #af4 x is translat$ a ,gra%opp]2
 ,= !m ! bit+s ( ,gra%opp]s & flies     
kill$3 :]eas we h decl>$ be=e1 ! ,cicada
 ha? no tee?1 b is conceiv$ to live ^u  
dew2 & ! possibility ( its subsi/5ce is 
disput$ by ,licetus4 ,h]e( ,i p]ceive   
,muffetus ha? tak5 notice1 diss5t+ f    
,langius & ,lyco/5es1 :ile !y deliv]1 ! 
,cicada's de/roy$ ! fruits 9 ,g]many1   
:]e t insect is n f\nd2 & !re=e         
conclude?1 ,tam ipsos quam alios        
deceptos fuisse autumo1 dum locu/as     
cicadas esse vulg>i errore cr$]5t4  ,&  
h]eby !re may be "s mi/ake 9 ! due      

disp5sation ( ,m$ic9es desum$ f ?is     
animal2 p>ticul>ly ( ,diatettigon       
comm5d$ by tius 9 ! affections ( !      
kidnies4 ,x mu/ be likewise und]/ood )  
"s re/riction :at ha? be5 affirm$ by    
,isidore1 & yet deliv]$ by _m1 t        
,cicades are br$ out ( ,cucc[ spittle or
 ,woodse>2 t is1 t spum\s1 fro?y dew or 
exudation1 or bo?1 f\nd ^u ,plants1     
especially ab\t ! jo9ts ( ,lav5d] &     
,rosem>y1 obs]vable ) u ab\t ! latt] end
 ( ,may4 ,= "h ! true ,cicada is n br$1 
b c]ta9 x is1 t out ( ?is1 "s k9d (     
,locu/ do? proce$2 = h]e9 may be        
discov]$ a little insect ( a fe/uc9e or 
pale gre51 resembl+ 9 all p>ts a ,locu/1
 or :at we call a ,gra%opp]4  ,la/ly1 ,!
 ^w x self is improp]1 & ! t]m (        
,gra%opp] n appliable unto ! ,cicada2 = 
!re9 ! organs ( motion are n contriv$ = 
saltation1 nor are ! h9d] legs ( su*    
ext5sion1 z is obs]vable 9 sali5t       
animals1 & su* z move by leap+4 ,:]eto !
 ,locu/ is v well con=m$2 = !re9 ! legs 
beh9d are long] ?an all ! body1 & make  

at ! second joynt acute angles1 at a    
consid]able advancem5t above _! backs4  
,! mi/ake !re=e ) u might h its orig9al 
f a defect 9 our language2 = hav+ n !   
insect ) u1 we h n fall5 ^u its prop]   
"n1 & s make use ( a t]m common unto x &
 ! ,locu/2 :]eas o!r c\ntries h prop]   
expressions = x4 ,s ! ,italian calls x  
,cicada1 ! ,spani>d ,cig>ra1 & ! ,fr5*  
,cigale2 all :i* appellations con=m unto
 ! orig9al1 & prop]ly express ?is       
animal4 ,:]eas our ^w is borr[$ f !     
,saxon ,gr/hopp1 :i* our =efa!rs1 :o    
nev] beheld ! ,cicada1 us$ = t insect   
:i* we yet call a ,gra%opp]4            
,,*apt] ,,iv                ,( !        
,picture ( ! ,s]p5t tempt+ ,eve4   ,9 ! 
,picture ( ,p>adise1 & delusion ( our   
fir/ ,p>5ts1 ! ,s]p5t is (t5 describ$ ) 
humane visage2 n unlike unto ,cadmus or 
8 wife1 9 ! act ( _! ,metamorphosis4    
,:i* is n a me] pictorial contrivance or
 inv5tion ( ! ,pictur]1 b an anci5t     
tradition & conceiv$ reality1 z x /&s   
deliv]$ by ,b$a & ,au?ors ( "s          

antiquity2 t is1 t ,sa?an appe>$ n unto 
,eve 9 ! nak$ =m ( a ,s]p5t1 b ) a      
,virg9s head1 t !reby he might become m 
acceptable1 & 8 temptation f9d ! easi]  
ent]ta9m5t4 ,:i* nev]!less is a conceit 
n to be admitt$1 & ! pla9 & receiv$     
figure1 is ) bett] reason embrac$4  ,=  
fir/1 z ,pi]ius obs]ve? f ,b>cephas1 !  
assumption ( humane %ape _h prov$ a     
disadvantage unto ,sa?an2 af=d+ n only a
 suspici\s amazem5t 9 ,eve1 be=e ! fact1
 9 behold+ a ?ird humanity beside h]    
self & ,adam2 b leav+ "s excuse unto !  
woman1 :i* aft]w>d ! man took up ) less]
 reason2 t is1 to h be5 deceiv$ by ano!r
 l h] self4  ,aga91 ,!re 0 no           
inconv5i5ce 9 ! %ape assum$1 or any     
consid]able imp$im5t t might di/urb t   
p]=mance 9 ! common =m ( a ,s]p5t4 ,=   
:]eas x is conceiv$ ! woman mu/ ne$s be 
afraid !re(1 & r flie ?an approa* x2 x 0
 n agreeable unto ! condition ( ,p>adise
 & /ate ( innoc5cy !re92 if 9 t place z 
mo/ det]m9e1 no creature 0 hurtful or   
t]rible unto man1 & ^? de/ructive       

effects !y n[ discov] succe$$ ! curse1 &
 came 9 ) ?orns & bri>s4 ,& !re=e       
,eugub9us 7:o affirme? ?is ,s]p5t 0 a   
,basilisk7 incurre? no absurdity1 nor   
ne$ we inf] t ,eve %\ld be de/roy$      
imm$iately ^u t ,vision4 ,= noxi\s      
animals c\ld (f5d !m no m 9 ! ,g>d51 ?an
 ,noah 9 ! ,ark3 z !y peaceably receiv$ 
_! names1 s !y fri5dly possess$ _!      
natures3 & 7 _! conditions de/ructive   
unto ea* o!r1 !y 7 n s unto man1 ^:     
con/itutions !n 7 antidotes1 & ne$$ n   
fe> poisons4 ,& if 7z mo/ conceive7 !re 
7 b two creat$ ( e k9d1 !y c\ld n at t  
"t de/roy ei!r man or !mselves2 = ?is _h
 fru/rat$ ! comm& ( multiplication1     
de/roy$ a species1 & imp]fect$ !        
,creation4 ,& !re=e also if ,ca9 7 !    
fir/ man born1 ) him entr$ n only ! act1
 b ! fir/ p[] ( mur!r2 = be=e t "t nei!r
 c\ld ! ,s]p5t nor ,adam de/roy ,eve2   
nor ,adam & ,eve ea* o!r2 = t _h ov]?r[n
 ! int5tion ( ! _w1 & put its ,creator  
to act ! sixt day ov] aga94  ,moreov]1  
,:]eas 9 reg>d ( spee*1 & vocal conf]5ce

 ) ,eve1 x may be ?\ght he w\ld r assume
 an humane %ape & organs1 !n ! improp]  
=m ( a s]p5t2 x implies no mat]ial      
imp$im5t4 ,nor ne$ we to wond] h[ he    
contriv$ a voice out ( ! m\? ( a ,s]p5t1
 :o ha? done ! l out ( ! belly ( a      
,py?onissa1 & ! trunk ( an ,oak2 z he   
did = _m ye>s at ,dodona4  ,sid5ote3 ,:y
 ,eve wond]$ n at ! s]p5ts speak+4      
,la/ly1 ,:]eas x might be conceiv$ t an 
humane %ape 0 fitt] = ?is ent]prise2 x  
be+ m ?an probable %e w\ld be amaz$ to  
he> a ,s]p5t speak2 "s conceive %e might
 n yet be c]ta9 t only man 0 privil$g$ )
 spee*2 & be+ 9 ! novity ( ! ,creation1 
& inexp]i5ce ( all ?+s1 might n be      
affright$ to he> a ,s]p5t speak4 ,beside
 %e might be ignorant ( _! natures1 :o 0
 n v]s$ 9 _! names1 z be+ n pres5t at ! 
g5]al survey ( ,animals1 :5 ,adam       
assign$ unto e "o a "n concordant unto  
its nature4 ,nor is ?is my op9ion1 b !  
det]m9ation ( ,lomb>d & ,to/atus2 & also
 ! reply ( ,cyril unto ! objection (    
,julian1 :o comp>$ ?is /ory unto !      

fables ( ! ,greeks4                     
,,*apt] ,v              ,( ! ,picture ( 
,adam & ,eve ) ,navels4   ,ano!r mi/ake 
!re may be 9 ! ,picture ( our fir/      
,p>5ts1 :o aft] ! mann] ( _! po/]ity are
 bo? del9eat$ ) a ,navel4 ,& ?is is     
obs]vable n only 9 ord9>y & /a9$ pieces1
 b 9 ! ,au!ntick draughts ( ,urb91      
,angelo & o!rs4 ,:i* not)/&+ _c be      
all[$1 except we impute t unto ! fir/   
cause1 :i* we impose n on ! second2 or  
:at we d5y unto nature1 we impute unto  
,naturity x self2 t is1 t 9 ! fir/ & mo/
 accompli%$ piece1 ! ,creator affect$   
sup]fluities1 or orda9$ p>ts )\t use or 
(fice4  ,sid5ote3 ,:at ! ,navel is1 & = 
:at use4  ,= ! use ( ! ,navel is to     
cont9ue ! ,infant unto ! ,"m1 & by !    
vessels !re( to convey its alim5t &     
su/5tation4 ,! vessels :]e( x consi/e?1 
are ! umbilical ve91 :i* is a bran* ( ! 
,porta1 & implant$ 9 ! ,liv] ( !        
,infant2 two ,art]ies likewise aris+ f !
 ,iliacal bran*es1 by :i* ! ,infant     
receive? ! pur] portion ( blood &       

spirits f ! "m2 & la/ly1 ! ,ura*os or   
ligam5tal passage d]iv$ f ! bottom ( !  
bladd]1 :]eby x dis*>ge? ! wat]i% &     
ur9>y "p ( its alim5t4 ,n[ ^u ! bir?1 :5
 ! ,infant =sake? ! womb1 al?\gh x      
dilac]ate1 & break ! involv+ membranes1 
yet d ^! vessels hold1 & by ! m$iation  
!re( ! ,infant is connect$ unto ! womb1 
n only be=e1 b a :ile also aft] ! bir?4 
,^! !re=e ! midwife cutte? (f1 contriv+ 
!m into a knot close unto ! body ( !    
,infant2 f :5ce ensue? t tortuosity or  
complicat$ modosity we usually call !   
,navel2 occasion$ by ! colligation (    
vessels be=e m5tion$4 ,,sn3 ,t ,adam &  
,eve _h n ,navels4 ,n[ ! ,navel be+ a   
"p1 n prec$5t1 b subsequ5t unto         
g5]ation1 nativity or p>turition1 x _c  
be well imag9$ at ! creation or         
extraord9>y =mation ( ,adam1 :o         
imm$iately issu$ f ! ,artifice ( ,god2  
nor also t ( ,eve2 :o 0 n solemnly      
begott51 b sudd5ly fram$1 & anomal\sly  
proce$$ f ,adam4  ,& if we be l$ into   
conclusions t ,adam _h also ?is "p1     

because we behold ! same 9 our selves1 !
 inf]5ce is n reasonable2 = if we       
conceive ! way ( 8 =mation1 or ( ! fir/ 
animals1 did c>ry 9 all po9ts a /rict   
con=mity unto succe$+ productions1 we   
might fall into imag9ations t ,adam 0   
made )\t ,tee?2 or t he ran ?r\gh ^?    
notable alt]ations 9 ! vessels ( ! he>t1
 :i* ! ,infant suff]e? aft] bir?3 we ne$
 n dispute :e!r ! egg or bird 7 fir/2 & 
might conceive t ,dogs 7 creat$ bl9d1   
because we obs]ve !y are litt]$ s ) u4  
,:i* to affirm1 is to conf\nd1 at lea/  
to regulate creation unto g5]ation1 !   
fir/ ,acts ( ,god1 unto ! second (      
,nature2 :i* 7 det]m9$ 9 t g5]al        
indulg5ce1 ,encrease & ,multiply1       
produce or propagate ea* o!r2 t is1 n   
answ]ably 9 all po9ts1 b 9 a prolong$   
me?od accord+ to sem9al progression4 ,= 
! =mation ( ?+s at fir/ 0 diff]5t f _!  
g5]ation aft]2 & al?\gh x _h no?+ to    
prec$e x1 0 aptly contriv$ = t :i* %\ld 
succe$ x4 ,& !re=e ?\gh ,adam 7 fram$   
)\t ?is "p1 z hav+ no o!r womb ?an t ( 8

 prop] pr9ciples1 yet 0 n 8 po/]ity )\t 
! same3 = ! sem9ality ( 8 fabrick       
conta9$ ! p[] !re(2 & 0 endu$ ) ! sci5ce
 ( ^? p>ts ^: pr$e/9ations ^u succession
 x did accompli%4  ,all ! ,navel !re=e &
 conjunctive "p we c suppose 9 ,adam1 0 
8 dep5d5cy on 8 ,mak]1 & ! connexion he 
mu/ ne$s h unto heav51 :o 0 ! ,son (    
,god4 ,= hold+ no dep5d5ce on any prec$+
 effici5t b ,god2 9 ! act ( 8 production
 !re may be conceiv$ "s connexion1 &    
,adam to h be5 9 a mom5tal ,navel ) 8   
,mak]4 ,& al?\gh f 8 c>nality & corporal
 exi/5ce1 ! conjunction seeme? no ne>]  
?an ( causality & effect2 yet 9 8       
immortal & div9] "p he seem$ to hold a  
ne>] coh]5ce1 & an umbilicality ev5 )   
,god himself4 ,& s inde$ al?\gh !       
propriety ( ?is "p be f\nd b 9 "s       
animals1 & _m species !re are :i* h no  
,navel at all2 yet is !re "o l9k &      
common connexion1 "o g5]al ligam5t1 &   
necess>y obligation ( all :at ev] unto  
,god4 ,:]eby al?\gh !y act !mselves at  
di/ance1 & seem to be at loose2 yet d !y

 hold a cont9uity ) _! ,mak]4 ,:i*      
cat5ation or cons]v+ union :5 ev] 8     
pleasure %all divide1 let g1 or sep>ate1
 !y %all fall f _! exi/5ce1 ess5ce1 &   
op]ations3 9 brief1 !y mu/ retire unto  
_! primitive no?+1 & %r9k into _! ,*aos 
aga94  ,!y :o hold ! egg 0 be=e ! ,bird1
 prev5t ?is d\bt 9 _m o!r animals1 :i*  
also ext5de? unto !m3 ,= birds are      
n\ri%$ by umbilical vessels1 & ! ,navel 
is manife/ sometimes a day or two aft]  
exclusion4 ,! same is probable 9 ovip>\s
 exclusions1 if ! less] "p ( eggs mu/   
s]ve = ! =mation1 ! great] "p =         
nutrim5t4 ,! same is made out 9 ! eggs (
 ,snakes2 & is n improbable 9 ! g5]ation
 ( ,porwiggles or ,tadpoles1 & may be   
also true 9 "s v]mip>\s exclusions3     
al?\gh 7z we h obs]v$ 9 ! daily progress
 9 "s7 ! :ole ,maggot is little en\gh to
 make a ,fly1 )\t any "p rema9+4        
,,*apt] ,,vi             ,( ! ,pictures 
( ,ea/]n ,nations1 & !                  
,jews at _! ,fea/s1 especially our      
,savi\r at ! ,passov]4   ,conc]n+ !     

,pictures ( ! ,jews1 & ,ea/]n ,nations  
at _! ,fea/s1 conc]n+ ! ge/ure ( our    
,savi\r at ! ,passov]1 :o is usually    
describ$ sitt+ ^u a /ool or b5* at a    
squ>e table1 9 ! midde/ ( ! twelve1 _m  
make great d\bt2 & 7?\gh !y conc$e a    
table-ge/ure7 w h>dly all[ ?is usual way
 ( ,session4  ,:]e9 re/ra9+ no mans     
enquiry1 x w appe> t accubation1 or ly+ 
d[n at meals 0 a ge/ure us$ by v _m     
,nations4 ,t ! ,p]sians us$ x1 beside ! 
te/imony ( humane ,writ]s1 is d$ucible f
 t passage 9 ,e/h],,sn3 ,e/h] #g44 ,t :5
 ! ,k+ return$ into ! place ( ! banquet 
( w9e1 ,haman 0 fall5 ^u ! b$ :]eon     
,e/h] 04 ,t ! ,p>?ians us$ x1 is evid5t 
f ,a!nu1 :o deliv]e? out ( ,possidonius1
 t _! ,k+ lay d[n at meals1 on an high] 
b$ ?an o!rs4 ,t ,cleopatra ?us ent]ta9$ 
,an?ony1 ! same ,au?or manife/e? :5 he  
sai?1 %e prep>$ twelve ,tricl9iums4 ,t x
 0 9 use among ! ,greeks1 ! ^w          
,tricl9ium implie?1 & ! same is also    
decl>able f _m places 9 ! ,symposiacks (
 ,plut>*4 ,t x 0 n out ( fa%ion 9 ! days

 ( ,ari/otle1 he decl>e? 9 8 politicks2 
:5 among ! ,in/itution>y rules ( y\?1 he
 advise? !y might n be p]mitt$ to he>   
,iambicks & ,trag$ies be=e !y 7 admitt$ 
unto discumb5cy or ly+ along ) o!rs at  
_! meals4 ,t ! ,romans us$ ?is ge/ure at
 repa/1 beside _m m1 is evid5t f        
,lipsius1 ,m]curialis1 ,salmasius &     
,ciaconius1 :o h expresly & di/9ctly    
treat$ h]e(4  ,n[ ( _! accumb+ places1 !
 "o 0 call$ ,/ibadion & ,sigma1 c>ry+ ! 
figure ( an half ,moon1 & ( an unc]ta9  
capacity1 :]eupon x receiv$ ! "n (      
,hexacl9on1 ,octocl9on1 accord+ unto t (
 ,m>tial1            ,accipe ,lunata    
scriptum te/ud9e ,sigma3           ,octo
 capit1 v5iat quisquis amicus erit4     
,h]eat 9 sev]al ages ! left & "r horn 7 
! pr9cipal places1 & ! mo/ honorable    
p]son1 if he 7 n ma/] ( ! fea/1 possess$
 "o ( ^? rooms4 ,! o!r 0 t]m$           
,tricl9ium1 t is1 ,?ree b$s ab\t a      
table1 z may be se5 9 ! figures !re(1 & 
p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,rhamnusian ,tricl9ium1  
set d[n by ,m]curialis,,sn3 ,m]c4 ,de   

,arte ,gymna/ica44 ,! cu/om>y use h]e( 0
 probably d$uc$ f ! frequ5t use ( ba?+1 
aft] :i* !y commonly retir$ to b$1 &    
refect$ !mselves ) repa/2 & s t cu/om by
 degrees *ang$ _! cubicul>y b$s into    
discubitory1 & introduc$ a fa%ion to g f
 ! ba!s unto ^!4  ,sid5ote3 ,! anci5t   
ge/ure or position ( ! body at fea/s4   
,z = _! ge/ure or position1 ! m5 lay d[n
 lean+ on _! left elb[1 _! back be+     
advanc$ by "s pill[ or s(t sub/ance3 !  
second lay s ) 8 back t[>ds ! fir/1 t 8 
head atta9$ ab\t 8 bosome2 & ! re/ 9 !  
same ord]4 ,= wom51 !y sat sometimes    
di/9ctly ) _! sex1 sometime promiscu\sly
 ) m51 accord+ to affection or fav\r1 z 
is deliv]$ by ,juv5al1                  
,gremio jacuit nova nupta m>iti4  ,& by 
,suetonius ( ,caligula1 t at 8 fea/s he 
plac$ 8 si/]s1 ) :om he _h be5          
incont95t1 successively 9 ord] bel[ him4
  ,aga91 ,z _! b$s 7 ?ree1 s ! gue/s did
 n usually exce$ t numb] 9 e "o2 accord+
 to ! anci5t ,laws1 & prov]bial         
obs]vations to beg9 ) ! ,graces1 & make 

up _! fea/s ) ! ,muses4 ,& !re=e x 0    
rem>kable 9 ! ,emp]\r ,lucius ,v]us1 t  
he lay d[n ) twelve3 :i* 01 sai? ,julius
 ,capitol9us1 prt] exempla majorum1 n   
accord+ to ! cu/om ( 8 ,pr$ecessors1    
except x 7 at publick & nuptial supp]s4 
,! regul> numb] 0 also exce$$ 9 ?is la/ 
supp]1 :]eat !re 7 no less ?an ?irte51 &
 9 no place few] ?an t51 =1 z ,josephus 
deliv]e?1 x 0 n lawful to celebrate !   
,passov] ) few] ?an t numb]4  ,la/ly1 ,=
 ! dispos+ & ord]+ ( ! p]sons3 ,! fir/ &
 middle b$s 7 = ! gue/s1 ! ?ird & l[e/ =
 ! ,ma/] ( ! h\se & 8 family2 he always 
ly+ 9 ! fir/ place ( ! la/ b$1 t is1    
next ! middle b$2 b if ! wife or *ildr5 
7 abs5t1 _! rooms 7 suppli$ by ! ,umbr1 
or hang]s on1 accord+ to t ( ,juv5al    
,,sn3 ,:o ! ,umbr 7 at                  
banquets4----,locus e/ et pluribus      
,umbris4 ,= ! gue/s1 ! hon\rable/ place 
9 e b$ 0 ! fir/1 except+ ! middle or    
second b$2 :]e9 ! mo/ hon\rable ,gue/ ( 
! fea/ 0 plac$ 9 ! la/ place1 because by
 t position he might be next ! ,ma/] ( !

 fea/ ,,sn3 ,iul4 ,scalig4 famili>ium   
ex]citationum ,problema #a44 ,= ! ,ma/] 
ly+ 9 ! fir/ ( ! la/ b$1 & ! pr9cipal   
,gue/ 9 ! la/ place ( ! second1 !y mu/  
ne$s be next ea* o!r2 z ?is figure do?  
pla9ly decl>e1 & :]eby we may appreh5d !
 fea/ ( ,p]p5na made unto ,s]torius1    
describ$ by ,salu/ius1 ^: words we %all 
?us read ) ,salmasius3 ,igitur          
discubu]e1 ,s]torius inf]ior 9 m$io     
lecto1 supra ,fabius2 ,antonius 9 summo2
 ,infra ,scriba ,s]torii ,v]sius2 alt]  
scriba ,mc5as 9 ,imo1 m$ius int]        
,t>quitium et ,dom9um ,p]p5nam4         
,ultimus                                
,honoratissimus         ,locus ,summus  
,infra       ,m$ius      ,supra         
--------------------------------        
,l4 ,fabius ,locus ,vacuus ,s]torius    
,m$ius ,lectus                          
----------------------------------------
--------------   ,l                     
o  ,s                                   
,u   c  e                               
,i  l   u  u  ,s                        

n  t   s     u,p]p5na                   
,v]s9is    f  i      ,d  p,dom9us       
r  m   ,s  o  r                         
a  u   u  m  a                          
s   m  i                                
m  n                                    
u  i                                    
s                                       
,m                                      
,m         e                            
,locus       e         d,mc5as          
,vacuus      d         i,imus           
,summus      i         u,lectus         
,lectus      u         s                
s                                       
,p         ,u                           
,s  r         l                         
e  i         t                          
,s  u  m         i,t>quitius            
,antonius   u     u         m           
p  ,s  s         u                      
r  u         s                          
a  m  ,l                                
m  o                                    
u  c                                    

s  u                                    
s   ,at ?is fea/ !re 7 b sev52 ! middle 
places ( ! highe/ & middle b$ be+       
vacant2 & h]eat 0 ,s]torius ! ,g5]al &  
pr9cipal gue/ sla94 ,& s may we make out
 :at is deliv]$ by ,plut>* 9 8 life1 t  
ly+ on 8 back1 & rais+ himself up1      
,p]p5na ca/ himself ^u 8 /omack2 :i* he 
might v well d1 be+ ,ma/] ( ! fea/1 &   
ly+ next unto him4 ,& ?us also f ?is    
,tricl9i>y disposure1 we may illu/rate t
 obscure expression ( ,s5eca2 ,t !      
,nor?w9d 0 9 ! middle1 ! ,nor?-,ea/ on !
 high] side1 & ! ,nor?-,we/ on ! l[]4 ,=
 z appe>e? 9 ! circle ( ! w9ds1 !       
,nor?-,ea/ w answ] ! b$ ( ,antonius1 & !
 ,nor?-,we/ t ( ,p]p5na4  ,t ! cu/om (  
fea/+ ^u b$s 0 9 use among ! ,hebrews1  
_m d$uce f ,ezekiel,,sn3 ,ezek4 #bc44   
,?\ satte/ ^u a /ately b$1 & a table    
prep>$ be=e x4 ,! cu/om ( ,discalceation
 or putt+ (f _! %oes at meals1 is       
conceiv$ to confirm ! same2 z by t means
 keep+ _! b$s clean2 & !re=e !y _h a    
peculi> *>ge to eat ! ,passov] ) _!     

%ooes on2 :i* ,injunction 7 ne$less1 if 
!y us$ n to put !m (f4 ,h[ev] x 7 9     
times ( high antiquity1 probable x is t 
9 aft] ages !y con=m$ unto ! fa%ions ( !
 ,assyrians & ,ea/]n ,nations1 & la/ly (
 ! ,romans1 be+ r$uc$ by ,pompey unto a 
,prov9cial subjection4  ,t ?is          
discumb5cy at meals 0 9 use 9 ! days (  
our ,savi\r1 is conceiv$ probable f     
sev]al spee*es ( 8 express$ 9 t phrase1 
ev5 unto common ,auditors1 z ,luke #ad4 
,cum invitatus fu]is ad nuptias1 non    
discumbas 9 primo loco1 & besides _m m1 
,mat!w #bc4 ,:5 repreh5d+ ! ,scribes &  
,ph>ises1 he sai?1 ,amant protoclisias1 
id e/1 primos recubitus 9 cnis1 et      
protoca!drias1 sive1 primas ca!dras1 9  
,synagogis3 :]e9 ! t]ms are v di/9ct1 & 
by an ,anti!sis d pla9ly di/+ui% !      
po/ure ( sitt+1 f ?is ( ly+ on b$s4 ,!  
cons5t ( ! ,jews ) ! ,romans 9 o!r      
c]emonies & rites ( fea/+1 makes        
probable _! con=mity 9 ?is4 ,! ,romans  
wa%$1 7 ano9t$1 & wore a c5atory g>m5t3 
& t ! same 0 practis$ by ! ,jews1 is    

d$uceable f t expo/ulation ( our ,savi\r
 ) ,simon,,sn3 ,luke #g41 t he wa%$ n 8 
feet1 nor ano9t$ 8 head ) oyl2 ! common 
civilities at fe/ival ent]ta9m5ts2 & t  
expression ( 8 conc]n+ ! c5atory or w$d+
 g>m5t ,,sn3 ,mat?4 #bb42 & z "s        
conceive ( ! l9n5 g>m5t ( ! "y man or   
,/4 ,john2 :i* might be ! same he wore !
 night be=e at ! la/ ,supp]4  ,t !y us$ 
?is ge/ure at ! ,passov]1 is m ?an      
probable f ! te/imony ( ,jewi% ,writ]s1 
& p>ticul>ly ( ,b5-maimon record$ by    
,scalig] ,de em5datione temporum4 ,aft] 
! second cup accord+ to ! ,in/itution4  
,,sn3 ,exod4 #ab4 ,! ,son aske?1 :at    
meane? ?is s]vice8 ,!n he t make? !     
decl>ation1 sai?1 ,h[ diff]5t is ?is    
night f all o!r nights8 = all o!r nights
 we wa% b once b ?is night twice2 all   
o!r we eat leav5$ or unleav5$ bread1 b  
?is only leav5$2 all o!r we eat fle%    
roa/$1 boyl$ or bak$1 b ?is only roa/$1 
all o!r nights we eat toge!r ly+ or     
sitt+1 b ?is only ly+ along4 ,& ?is     
po/ure !y us$ z a tok5 ( re/ & security 

:i* !y enjoy$1 f> diff]5t f t at ! eat+ 
( ! ,passov] 9 gypt4  ,t ?is ge/ure 0   
us$ :5 our ,savi\r eat ! ,passov]1 is n 
conceiv$ improbable f ! words :]eby !   
,evangeli/s express ! same1 t is1 1 1 1 
1 :i* t]ms d prop]ly signifie ?is       
,ge/ure 9 ,ari/otle1 ,a!nu1 ,euripides1 
,sophocles1 & all humane ,au?ors2 & ! l 
we meet ) 9 ! p>aphra/ical expression ( 
,nonnus4  ,la/ly1 ,if x be n fully      
conc$$1 t ?is ge/ure 0 us$ at !         
,passov]1 yet t x 0 obs]v$ at ! la/     
supp]1 seems almo/ incontrov]tible3 = at
 ?is fea/ or c5atory conv5tion1 le>n$ m5
 make m ?an "o supp]1 or at lea/ _m p>ts
 !re(4 ,! fir/ 0 t ,legal "o ( !        
,passov]1 or eat+ ( ! ,pas*al ,lamb )   
bitt] h]bs1 & c]emonies describ$ by     
,moses4 ,( ?is x is said1 ,,sn3 ,mat?4  
#bf4 !n :5 ! ev5 0 come he sat d[n ) !  
twelve4 ,?is is suppos$ :5 x is said1   
,,sn3 ,john #ac4 t ! supp] be+ end$1 our
 ,savi\r arose1 took a t[el & wa%$ !    
disciples feet4 ,! second 0 common &    
,dome/ical1 consi/+ ( ord9>y & undef9$  

provisions2 ( ?is x may be said1 t our  
,savi\r took 8 g>m5t1 & sat d[n aga91   
aft] he _h wa%$ ! ,disciples feet1 &    
p]=m$ ! prep>ative civilities ( supp]s2 
at ?is 'tis conceiv$ ! sop 0 giv5 unto  
,judas1 ! ,orig9al ^w imply+ "s broa? or
 decoction1 n us$ at ! ,passov]4 ,! ?ird
 or latt] "p 0 ,eu*>i/ical1 :i* began at
 ! break+ & bless+ ( ! bread1 accord+ to
 t ( ,mat!w1 ,& z !y 7 eat+1 ,jesus took
 bread & bless$ x4  ,n[ al?\gh at !     
,passov] or fir/ supp]1 _m h d\bt$ ?is  
,recl9+ po/ure1 & "s h affirm$ t our    
,savi\r /ood2 yet t he lay d[n at ! o!r1
 ! same m5 h ackn[l$g$1 z ,*ryso/om1    
,!ophylact1 ,au/91 & _m m4 ,& if !      
tradition w hold1 ! position is         
unque/ionable2 = ! v ,tricl9ium is to be
 se5 at ,rome1 br\ght ?i!r by           
,vespasian1 & graphically set =? by     
,casalius,,sn3 ,de vet]um ritibus44     
,?us may x prop]ly be made out2 :at is  
deliv]$1 ,john #ac4 ,erat recumb5s unus 
ex ,discipulis ejus 9 s9u ,jesu quem    
diligebat2 ,n[ !re 0 lean+ on ,jesus    

bosom "o ( 8 ,disciples :om ,jesus lov$2
 :i* ge/ure w n s well agree unto !     
position ( sitt+1 b is natural1 & _c be 
avoid$ 9 ! ,laws ( accubation4 ,& ! v   
same expression is to be f\nd 9 ,pl9y1  
conc]n+ ! ,emp]\r ,n]va & ,vei5to :om he
 fav\r$2 ,cnabat ,n]va cum paucis1      
,vei5to recumbebat proprius atque etiam 
9 s9u2 & f ?is cu/om arose ! ^w 1 t is1 
a ne> & bosom fri5d4 ,& !re=e ,causabon 
,,sn3 ,n 9 ,evan4 ju/ly rejecte?        
,!ophylact2 :o n consid]+ ! anci5t mann]
 ( decumb5cy1 imput$ ?is ge/ure ( !     
belov$ ,disciple unto ,ru/icity1 or an  
act ( incivility4 ,& ?us also h "s      
conceiv$1 x may be m pla9ly made out :at
 is deliv]$ ( ,m>y ,magdal5,,sn3 ,luke  
#g44 ,t %e /ood at ,*ri/s feet beh9d him
 weep+1 & began to wa% 8 feet ) te>s1 & 
did wipe !m ) ! hairs ( h] head4 ,:i*   
actions1 if our ,savi\r sat1 %e c\ld n  
p]=m /&+1 & _h r /ood beh9d 8 back1 ?an 
at 8 feet4 ,& !re=e x is n all[able1 :at
 is obs]vable 9 _m pieces1 & ev5 (      
,raphael ,urb92 :]e9 ,m>y ,magdal5 is   

pictur$ be=e our ,savi\r1 wa%+ 8 feet on
 h] knees2 :i* w n consi/ ) ! /rict     
description & lett] ( ! ,text4  ,n[     
:]eas ?is position may seem to be       
disc\nt5anc$ by our ,translation1 :i*   
usually r5d]s x sitt+1 x _c h t         
illation1 = ! ,fr5* & ,italian          
,translations express+ nei!r position ( 
session or recubation1 d only say t he  
plac$ himself at ! table2 & :5 ours     
expresse? ! same by sitt+1 x is 9       
relation unto our cu/om1 "t1 &          
appreh5sion4 ,! l ^u occasion is n      
unusual3 s :5 x is said1 ,luke #d4   1 &
 ! ,vulg> r5d]s x1 ,cum plicasset       
librum1 ours translate? x1 he %ut or    
clos$ ! book2 :i* is an expression prop]
 unto ! pag9al books ( our times1 b n s 
agreeable unto volumes or roll+ books 9 
use among ! ,jews1 n only 9 eld] times1 
b ev5 unto ?is day4 ,,sn3 ,:at ,d5>ius1 
or ! p5ny 9 ! ,gospel is4 ,s :5 x is    
said1 ! ,sam>itan deliv]$ unto ! ho/ two
 p5ce = ! provision ( ! ,levite2 & :5   
our ,savi\r agre$ ) ! ,lab\r]s = a p5ny 

a day1 9 /rict translation x %\ld be    
sev5 p5ce half p5ny2 & is n to be       
conceiv$ our common p5ny1 ! sixtie? "p (
 an ounce4 ,= ! ^w 9 ! ,orig9al is 1 9  
,lat9e1 ,d5>ius1 & ) ! ,romans did value
 ! eight "p ( an ounce1 :i* aft] five   
%ill+s ! ounce am\nte? unto sev5 p5ce   
half p5ny ( our money4  ,la/ly1 ,:]eas x
 might be conceiv$ t !y eat ! ,passov]  
/&+ r ?an sitt+1 or ly+ d[n1 accord+ to 
! ,in/itution1 ,exod4 #ab4 ,,sn3        
,c]emonies ( ! ,passov] omitt$4 ,?us    
%all y eat1 ) y\r lo9s gird$1 y\r %ooes 
on y\r feet1 & y\r /aff 9 y\r h&2 !     
,jews !mselves reply1 ?is 0 n requir$ ( 
succe$+ g5]ations1 & 0 n obs]v$1 b 9 !  
,passov] ( gypt4 ,& s also _m o!r       
injunctions 7 aft]w>d omitt$1 z ! tak+  
up ( ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 f ! t5? day1 !    
eat+ ( x 9 _! h\ses disp]s$2 ! /rik+ ( !
 blood on ! door po/s1 & ! eat+ !re( 9  
ha/4 ,solemnities & ,c]emonies          
primitively enjoyn$1 aft]w>d omitt$2 z 0
 also ?is ( /ation1 = ! occasion ceas+1 
& be+ 9 security1 !y appli$ !mselves    

unto ge/ures 9 use among !m4  ,n[ 9 :at 
ord] ( recumbancy ,*ri/ & ! ,disciples 7
 dispos$1 is n s easily det]m9$4        
,casalius f ! ,lat]an ,tricl9ium w tell 
u1 t !re be+ ?irte51 five lay d[n 9 !   
fir/ b$1 five 9 ! la/1 & ?ree 9 ! middle
 b$2 & t our ,savi\r possess$ ! upp]    
place !re(4 ,t ,john lay 9 ! same b$    
seems pla91 because he lean$ on our     
,savi\rs bosom4 ,t ,pet] made ! ?ird 9 t
 b$1 conjecture is made1 because he     
beck5$ unto ,john1 z be+ next to him1 to
 ask ( ,*ri/1 :o x 0 t %\ld betray him4 
,t ,judas 0 n f> (f seems probable1 n   
only because he dipp$ 9 ! same di%1 b   
because he 0 s ne>1 t our ,savi\r c\ld  
h& ! sop unto him4                      
,,*apt] ,,vii                ,( !       
,picture ( our ,savi\r ) long hair4     
,ano!r ,picture !re is ( our ,savi\r    
describ$ ) long hair1 accord+ to ! cu/om
 ( ! ,jews1 & 8 description s5t by      
,l5tulus unto ! ,s5ate4 ,:]e9 inde$ ! h&
 ( ! ,pa9t] is n accusable1 b ! judgem5t
 ( ! common ,spectator2 conceiv+ he     

obs]v$ ?is fa%ion ( 8 hair2 because he 0
 a ,naz>ite1 & conf\nd+ a ,naz>ite by   
v[1 ) ^? by bir? or education4  ,!      
,naz>ite by v[ is decl>$1 ,numb4 #f4 ,& 
0 to refra9 ?ree ?+s1 dr9k+ ( ,w9e1     
cutt+ ! hair1 & approa*+ unto ! dead2 & 
su* a "o 0 ,sampson4 ,n[ t our ,savi\r 0
 a ,naz>ite aft] ?is k9d1 we h no reason
 to det]m9e2 = he drank ,w9e1 & 0 !re=e 
call$ by ! ,ph>isees1 a ,w9e-bibb]2 he  
approa*$ also ! dead1 z :5 he rais$ f   
dea? ,laz>us1 & ! daught] ( ,jairus4  ,!
 o!r ,naz>ite 0 a ,topical appellation1 
& appliable unto su* z 7 born 9 ,naz>e?1
 a ,city ( ,galilee1 & 9 ! ,tribe (     
,nap?ali4 ,nei!r if /rictly tak5 0 our  
,savi\r 9 ?is s5se a ,naz>ite2 = he 0   
born 9 ,be?lehem 9 ! ,tribe ( ,judah2 b 
might receive t "n1 because he abode 9 t
 ,city2 & 0 n only conceiv$ !re91 b !re 
also pass$ ! sil5t "p ( 8 life1 aft] 8  
return f gypt2 z is deliv]$ by ,mat!w1  
,& he came & dwelt 9 a ,city call$      
,naz>e?1 t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0    
spok5 by ! ,prophet1 ,he %all be call$ a

 ,naz>5e4 ,bo? :i* k9ds ( ,naz>ites1 z  
!y are di/+ui%able by ,za91 & ,tsade 9 !
 ,hebrew1 s 9 ! ,greek1 by ,alpha &     
,omega2 = z ,jans5ius obs]ve?1 ,,sn3    
,ians4 ,concordia ,evangelica4 :]e !    
vot>y ,naz>ite is m5tion$1 x is writt51 
1 z ,levit4 #f4 & ,lam5t4 #d4 ,:]e x is 
spok5 ( our ,savi\r1 we read x1 1 z 9   
,mat!w1 ,luke & ,john2 only ,m>k :o writ
 8 ,gospel at ,rome1 did ,lat9ize1 &    
wrote x 4                               
,,*apt] ,,viii                ,( !      
,picture ( ,abraham sacrific+ ,isaac4   
,9 ! ,picture ( ! ,immolation ( ,isaac1 
or ,abraham sacrific+ 8 son1 ,isaac is  
describ$ z a little boy2 :i* not)/&+ is 
n cons5tane\s unto ! au?ority (         
,expositors1 or ! circum/ance ( ! ,text4
 ,= !re9 x is deliv]$ t ,isaac c>ri$ on 
8 back ! wood = ! sacrifice2 :i* be+ an 
holocau/ or burnt (f]+ to be consum$    
unto a%es1 we _c well conceive a bur!n =
 a boy2 b su* a "o unto ,isaac1 z t :i* 
x typifi$ 0 unto ,*ri/1 t is1 ! wood or 
cross :]eon he suff]$2 :i* 0 too heavy a

 load = 8 %\ld]s1 & 0 fa9 to be reliev$ 
!re9 by ,simon ( ,cyr5e4  ,aga91 ,he 0 s
 f> f a boy1 t he 0 a man gr[n1 & at 8  
full /ature1 if we believe ,josephus1 :o
 place? him 9 ! la/ ( ,adolesc5cy1 &    
makes him tw5ty five ye>s old4 ,& :]eas 
9 ! ,vulg> ,translation he is t]m$ pu]1 
x mu/ n be /rictly appreh5d$ 7= t age   
prop]ly ende? 9 pub]ty1 & ext5de? b unto
 f\rte57 b respectively unto ,abraham1  
:o 0 at t "t above sixscore4 ,& !re=e   
also h]e9 he 0 n unlike unto him1 :o 0  
aft] l$ dumb unto ! slaught]1 & comm&$  
by o!rs1 :o _h legions at comm&2 t is1 9
 meekness & humble submission4 ,= _h he 
resi/$1 x _h n be5 9 ! p[] ( 8 ag$ p>5t 
to h en=c$2 & _m at 8 ye>s h p]=m$ su*  
acts1 z few besides at any4 ,,sn3 ,m5 ( 
em95t fame & pr[ess at #be4 ,david 0 too
 /rong = a ,lion & a ,be>2 ,pompey _h   
des]v$ ! "n ( ,great2 ,alex&] ( ! same  
cognom9ation 0 ,g5]alissimo ( ,greece2 &
 ,anibal b "o ye> aft]1 succe$$         
,asdruball 9 t memorable w> aga9/ !     
,romans4                                

,,*apt] ,,ix                   ,( !     
,picture ( ,moses ) horns4   ,9 _m      
pieces1 & "s ( anci5t ,bibles1 ,moses is
 describ$ ) horns4 ,! same description  
we f9d 9 a silv] ,m$al2 t is1 ^u "o side
 ,moses horn$1 & on ! rev]se ! comm&m5t 
aga9/ sculptile ,images4 ,:i* is        
conceiv$ to be a coynage ( "s ,jews1 9  
d]ision ( ,*ri/ians1 :o fir/ began t    
,p\rtract4  ,! gr\nd ( ?is absurdity1 0 
surely a mi/ake ( ! ,hebrew ,text1 9 !  
hi/ory ( ,moses :5 he desc5d$ f ! ,m\nt2
 ,,sn3 ,exod4 #cd4bi1 #ce4 ^u ! aff9ity 
( ,kr5 & ,k>an1 t is1 an horn1 & to %9e1
 :i* is "o quality ( horn3 ,! ,vulg>    
,translation con=m+ unto ! =m]4         
,ignorabat quod cornuta esset facies    
ejus4 ,qui videbant faciem ,mosis esse  
cornutam4 ,b ! ,*aldee p>aphrase1       
translat$ by ,paulus ,fagius1 ha?       
o!rwise express$ x4 ,moses nesciebat    
quod multus esset spl5dor glori vultus  
ejus4 ,et vid]unt filii ,israel quod    
multa esset cl>itas glori faciei ,moses4
 ,! expression ( ! ,septuag9t is z l>ge1

       1 ,glorificatus e/ aspectus      
cutis1 seu coloris faciei4  ,& ?is      
passage ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is well      
expla9$ by ano!r ( ! ,new ,,sn3 #b ,cor4
 #c42 :]e9 x is deliv]$1 t !y c\ld n    
/$fa/ly behold ! face ( ,moses1     2 t 
is1 = ! glory ( 8 c\nt5ance4 ,& surely !
 exposition ( "o ,text is be/ p]=m$ by  
ano!r2 m5 va9ly int]pos+ _!             
con/ructions1 :]e ! ,scripture decide? !
 controv]sie4 ,& !re=e "s h seem$ too   
active 9 _! expositions1 :o 9 ! /ory (  
,rahab ! h>lot1 h giv5 notice t ! ^w    
also signifie? an ,ho/ess2 = 9 ! ,epi/le
 to ! ,hebrews1 %e is pla9ly t]m$ 1 :i* 
signifies n an ,ho/ess1 b a pecuni>y &  
pro/itut+ ,h>lot ,,sn3 ,:at k9d ( ,h>lot
 %e 01 read ,cam>4 ,de vita ,eli42 a t]m
 appli$ unto ,lais by ! ,greeks1 &      
di/+ui%$ f 1 or amica1 z may appe> 9 !  
?irte5? ( ,a!nu4  ,& !re=e m all[able is
 ! ,translation ( ,tremellius1 ,quod    
spl5dida facta esset cutis facici ejus2 
or z ,e/ius ha? int]pret$ x1 facies ejus
 erat radiosa1 8 face 0 radiant1 &      

disp]s+ beams l _m horns & cones ab\t 8 
head2 :i* is also consonant unto !      
orig9al signification1 & yet obs]v$ 9 ! 
pieces ( our ,savi\r1 & ! ,virg9 ,m>y1  
:o are commonly drawn ) sc9tillations1  
or radi5t ,halo's ab\t _! head2 :i* aft]
 ! ,fr5* expression are usually t]m$1 ! 
,glory4  ,n[ if besides ?is occasional  
mi/ake1 any man %all cont5d a propriety 
9 ?is picture1 & t no injury is done    
unto ,tru? by ?is description1 because  
an horn is ! ,hi]oglyphick ( au?ority1  
p[] & dignity1 & 9 ?is ,metaphor is (t5 
us$ 9 ,scripture2 ! piece ,i confess 9  
?is acception is h>mless & agreeable    
unto ,moses3 & "u su* emblematical      
con/ructions1 we f9d t ,alex&] ! ,great1
 & ,attila ,k+ ( ,hunnes1 9 anci5t      
,m$als are describ$ ) horns4 ,b if f !  
common mi/ake1 or any sol>y consid]ation
 we p]si/ 9 ?is description1 we vilify !
 my/]y ( ! irradiation1 & au?orize a    
dang]\s piece con=mable unto t ( ,jupit]
 ,hammon2 :i* 0 ! ,sun1 & !re=e describ$
 ) horns2 z is deliv]$ by ,macrobius2   

,hammonem quem ,deum solem occid5tem    
,lybies exi/imant1 ariet9is cornibus    
f+unt1 quibus id animal valet1 sicut    
radiis sol4 ,we h]e9 also imitate !     
,picture ( ,pan1 & ,pagan emblem (      
,nature4 ,& if 7z ,macrobius & v good   
,au?ors conc$e7 ,bac*us1 7:o is also    
describ$ ) horns7 be ! same ,deity ) !  
,sun2 & if 7z ,vossius well cont5de?7   
,,sn3 ,moses & ,bac*us suppos$ to be !  
same p]son1 ,de orig9e ,idolatri4 ,moses
 & ,bac*us 7 ! same p]son2 _!           
descriptions mu/ be relative1 or !      
,tauricorn\s picture ( ! "o1 p]haps !   
same ) ! o!r4                           
,,*apt] ,x                 ,( !         
,scut*eons ( ! ,tribes ( ,israel4   ,we 
w n pass ov] ! ,scut*eons ( ! ,tribes ( 
,israel1 z !y are usually describ$ 9 !  
,maps ( ,canaan & sev]al o!r pieces2    
g5]ally conceiv$ to be ! prop] coats1 & 
di/9ctive badges ( _! sev]al ,tribes4 ,s
 ,reub5 is conceiv$ to be> ?ree ,b>s    
wave1 ,judah a ,lyon ,rampant1 ,dan a   
,s]p5t n[$1 ,simeon a sword inpale !    

po9t erect$1 etc4 ,! gr\nd :]e( is ! la/
 ,b5$iction ( ,jacob,,sn3 ,g54 #di41    
:]e9 he respectively drawe? comp>isons f
 ?+s "h repres5t$4  ,n[ h]e9 al?\gh we  
all[ a consid]able measure ( tru?1 yet  
:e!r z !y are usually describ$1 ^! 7 !  
prop] cognizances1 & coat-arms ( !      
,tribes2 :e!r 9 ?is mann] apply$1 & ^u !
 gr\nds presum$1 mat]ial d\bts rema94   
,= fir/1 ,!y are n /rictly made out1 f !
 ,prophetical bless+ ( ,jacob2 = ,simeon
 & ,levi h di/9ct coats1 t is1 a ,sword1
 & ! two ,tables1 yet are !y by ,jacob  
includ$ 9 "o ,prophesie1 ,simeon & ,levi
 are bre?r51 ,in/rum5ts ( cruelties are 
9 _! habitations4 ,s ,joseph be>e? an   
,ox1 :]e( not)/&+ !re is no m5tion 9 ?is
 ,prophesie2 = !re9 x is said ,joseph is
 a fruitful b\gh1 ev5 a fruitful b\gh by
 a well2 by :i* repitition are intimat$ 
! two ,tribes desc5d+ f him1 ,ephraim & 
,manasses2 :]e( not)/&+ ,ephraim only   
be>e? an ,ox3 ,true x is1 t _m ye>s aft]
 9 ! b5$iction ( ,moses1 x is said (    
,joseph,,sn3 ,deut4 #cc41 ,8 glory is l 

! fir/l+s ( 8 ,bullock3 & s we may      
conc$e1 :at ,vossius le>n$ly decl>e?1 t 
! gyptians repres5t$ ,joseph1 9 !       
,symbole ( an ,ox2 = !reby 0 be/ impli$ 
! dream ( ,ph>oah1 :i* he int]pret$1 !  
b5efit by ,agriculture1 & provid5t      
provision ( corn :i* he p]=m$2 & !re=e  
did ,s]apis be> a bu%el ^u 8 head4      
,aga91 ,if we take ^! two b5$ictions    
toge!r1 ! resemblances are n            
appropriate1 & ,moses !re9 con=ms n unto
 ,jacob3 = t :i* 9 ! ,prophesie ( ,jacob
 is appropriat$ unto "o1 is 9 ! bless+ (
 ,moses made common unto o!rs4 ,s :]eas 
,judah is comp>$ unto a ,lion by ,jacob1
 ,judah is a ,lions :elp1 ! same is     
appli$ unto ,dan by ,moses1 ,dan is a   
,lions :elp1 he %all leap f ,ba%an1 &   
also unto ,gad2 he dwelle? z a ,lion4   
,?irdly1 ,if a lion 7 ! prop] coat (    
,judah1 yet 7 x n probably a ,lion      
,rampant1 z x is commonly describ$1 b r 
c\*ant or dormant1 z "s ,h]alds &       
,rabb9s d det]m9e2 accord+ to ! lett] ( 
! ,text1 ,recumb5s dormi/i ut ,leo1 ,he 

c\*$ z a ,lion1 & z a "y ,lion1 :o %all 
r\se him8  ,la/ly1 :5 x is said1 ,,sn3  
,num4 #b4 ,e man ( ! ,*ildr5 ( ,israel  
%all pit* by 8 own /&>d ) ! ,ensign ( _!
 fa!rs h\se2 ^u enquiry :at ^! /&>ds &  
ensigns 7 !re is no small inc]ta9ty2 &  
m5 con=m n unto ! ,prophesie ( ,jacob4  
,*ri/ian expositors are fa9 h]e9 to rely
 ^u ! ,rabb9s1 :o not)/&+ are v>i\s 9 _!
 traditions1 & confirm n ^! common      
descriptions4 ,= z = inf]i\r ensigns1   
ei!r ( p>ticul> b&s or h\ses1 !y det]m9e
 no?+ at all2 & ( ! f\r pr9cipal or     
,legion>y /&>ds1 t is1 ( ,judah1 ,reub51
 ,ephraim1 & ,dan 7"u e "o :]e( m>*$    
?ree ,tribes7 !y expla9 !m v v>i\sly4   
,jona?an :o compil$ ! ,?>gum conceives !
 col\rs ( ^! bann]s to answ] ! preci\s  
/ones 9 ! brea/-plate1 & ^u :i* ! names 
( ! ,tribes 7 engrav54 ,,sn3 ,! l also  
,p4 ,fagius ^u ! ,?>gum or ,*aldie      
,p>aphrase ( ,onkelus4 ,num4 #a4 ,s !   
/&>d = ! ,camp ( ,judah 0 ( ?ree col\rs1
 accord+ unto ! /ones1 ,*alc$ony1       
,saphir & ,s>donix2 & !re9 7 express$ ! 

names ( ! ?ree ,tribes1 ,,sn3 ,num4 #aj4
 ,judah1 ,isa*>1 & ,zabulon1 & 9 !      
midde/ !re( 0 writt51 ,rise up ,"l1 &   
let ?y enemies be scatt]$1 & let !m t   
hate !e flee be=e !e2 9 x 0 also !      
p\rtrait ( a ,lion4 ,! /&>d ( ,reub5 0  
also ( ?ree col\rs1 ,s>d9e1 ,topaz1 &   
,ame?y/2 !re9 7 express$ ! names (      
,reub51 ,simeon1 & ,gad1 9 ! midde/ 0   
writt51 ,,sn3 ,deut4 #f4 ,he>1 ,o       
,israel1 ,! ,"l our ,god1 ! ,"l is "o3  
,!re9 0 also ! p\rtraiture ( a ,h>t4 ,b 
,ab5ezra & o!rs1 beside ! col\rs ( !    
field1 d set d[n o!r *>ges1 9 ,reub5s ! 
=m ( a man or m&rake1 9 t ( ,judah a    
,lion1 9 ,ephraims an ,ox1 9 ,dan's !   
figure ( an ,eagle4  ,& ?us inde$ ! f\r 
figures 9 ! bann]s ( ! pr9cipal         
squadrons ( ,israel are answ]able unto !
 ,*]ub9s 9 ! vision ( ,ezekiel,,sn3     
,ezek4 #a42 e "o c>ry+ ! =m ( all ^!4 ,z
 = ! lik5ess ( _! faces1 !y f\r _h !    
lik5ess ( ! face ( a ,man1 & ! face ( a 
,lion on ! "r side1 & !y f\r _h ! face (
 an ,ox on ! left side1 !y f\r _h also !

 face ( an ,eagle4 ,,sn3 ,! common      
,pictures ( ! #d ,evangeli/s explicat$4 
,& con=mable h]eunto ! pictures ( !     
,evangeli/s 7^: ,gospels are ! ,*ri/ian 
bann]s7 are set =? ) ! addition ( a man 
or ,angel1 an ,ox1 a ,lion1 & a ,eagle4 
,& ^! symbolically repres5t ! (fice (   
,angels1 & ,m9i/]s ( ,gods ,w2 9 :om is 
requir$ und]/&+ z 9 a man1 c\rage &     
vivacity z 9 ! ,lion1 s]vice & m9i/]ial 
(fici\sness1 z 9 ! ,ox1 exp$ition or    
cel]ity ( execution1 z 9 ! ,eagle4  ,f  
h5ce !re=e we may obs]ve t ^!           
descriptions1 ! mo/ au!ntick ( any1 are 
nei!r agreeable unto "o ano!r1 nor unto 
! ,scut*eons 9 "q4 ,= ?\gh !y agree 9   
,ephraim & ,judah1 t is1 ! ,ox & !      
,lion1 yet d !y diff] 9 ^? ( ,dan1 &    
,reub51 z f> z an ,eagle is diff]5t f a 
,s]p5t1 & ! figure ( a ,man1 ,h>t1 or   
,m&rake1 f ?ree ,b>s wave4 ,,sn3 ,!     
,antiquity ( be>+ ,scut*eons4 ,:]e9     
not)/&+ we r decl>e ! inc]ta9ty ( ,arms 
9 ?is p>ticul>1 ?an any way "q _!       
antiquity2 = h]e( m anci5t examples !re 

are1 ?an ! ,scut*eons ( ! ,tribes1 if   
,osyris1 ,mizraim or ,jupit] ! ,j1 7 !  
,son ( ,*am2 = ( 8 two ,sons1 z         
,diodorus deliv]e?1 ! "o = 8 ,device    
gave a ,dog1 ! o!r a ,wolf4 ,&1 beside !
 %ield ( ,a*illes1 & _m anci5t ,greeks3 
if we receive ! conjecture ( ,vossius1 t
 ! ,cr[ ^u ,corv9us 8 head1 0 b ! figure
 ( t ,animal ^u 8 helmet1 x is an       
example ( ,antiquity among ! ,romans4   
,b m widely mu/ we walk1 if we foll[ !  
doctr9e ( ! ,cabali/s,,sn3 ,ricius#d de 
cle/i ,agricultura1 lib4 #d41 :o 9 ea* (
 ! f\r bann]s inscribe a lett] ( !      
,tetragrammaton1 or quadrilit]al "n (   
,god3 & my/]iz+ _! ensigns1 d make !    
p>ticul> ones ( ! twelve ,tribes1       
accommodable unto ! twelve signs 9 !    
,zodiack1 & twelve mone?s 9 ! ye>3 b !  
,tetr>*ical or g5]al bann]s1 ( ,judah1  
,reub51 ,ephraim1 & ,dan1 unto ! signs (
 ,aries1 ,canc]1 ,libra & ,capricornus3 
t is1 ! f\r c>d9al p>ts ( ! ,zodiack1 & 
seasons ( ! ye>4    #d ,recius1 #afej1  
#afeh1 #affi1 #afgb1 #afhf4             

,,*apt] ,,xi                     ,( !   
,pictures ( ! ,sibyls4   ,! ,pictures ( 
! ,sibyls are v common1 & = _!          
,prophesies ( ,*ri/ 9 high e/eem )      
,*ri/ians2 describ$ commonly ) y\?ful   
faces1 & 9 a def9$ numb]4 ,common pieces
 mak+ twelve1 & _m precisely t52 obs]v+ 
!re9 ! acc\nt ( ,v>ro1 t is1 ,sibylla1  
,delphica1 ,ery?ra1 ,samia1 ,cumana1    
,cuma1 or ,cimm]ia1 ,hellespontiaca1    
,lybica1 ,phrygia1 ,tiburt9a1 ,p]sica4  
,9 :i* enum]ation ,i p]ceive le>n$ m5   
are n satisfi$1 & _m conclude an        
irreconcilable inc]ta9ty2 "s mak+ m1    
o!rs few]1 & n ?is c]ta9 numb]4 ,=      
,suidas1 ?\gh he affirm t 9 div]s ages  
!re 7 t51 yet ! same d5om9ation he      
af=de? unto m2 ,boys>dus 9 8 ,tract (   
,div9ation ha? set =? ! ,icons ( ^! ,t51
 yet adde? two o!rs1 ,epirotica1 &      
gyptia2 & "s affirm t ,prophesy+ wom5 7 
g5]ally nam$ ,sibyls4  ,o!rs make !m    
few]3 ,m>tianus ,capella two2 ,pl9y &   
,sol9us ?ree2 lian f\r2 & ,salmasius 9  
effect b sev54 ,= disc\rs+ h]e( 9 8     

,pl9ian ,ex]citations1 he ?us det]m9e?2 
,rid]e licet hodi]nos ,pictores1 qui    
tabulas proponunt ,cuman1 ,cume1 et     
,ery?r1 quasi trium div]s>um ,sibyll>um2
 cum una cademque fu]it ,cumana1 ,cuma1 
et ,ery?ra1 ex plurium et doctissimorum 
,au?orum s5t5tia4 ,boys>dus gives u     
leave to op9ion !re 0 no m ?an "o2 = s  
do? he conclude1 ,9 tanta ,scriptorum   
v>ietate lib]um rel9quimus ,lectori     
cr$]e1 an una et eadem 9 div]sis        
regionibus p]egr9ata1 cognom5 sortita   
sit ab iis locis ubi oracula r$didisse  
comp]itur1 an plures extit]9t3 ,& !re=e 
n discov]+ a resolution ( _! numb] f p5s
 ( ! be/ ,writ]s1 we h no reason to     
det]m9e ! same f ! h& & p5cil ( ,pa9t]s4
  ,z t\*+ _! age1 t !y are g5]ally      
describ$ z "y wom51 ,hi/ory w n all[2 = 
! ,sibyl :]e( ,virgil speake? is t]m$ by
 him longva sac]dos1 & ,s]vius 9 8      
,comm5t amplifie? ! same4 ,! o!r t sold 
! books unto ,t>qu91 & ^: ,hi/ory is    
pla9] ?an any1 by ,livie & ,gellius is  
t]m$ ,anus2 t is1 prop]ly no woman (    

ord9>y age1 b full ( ye>s1 & 9 ! dayes (
 dotage1 accord+ to ! ,etymology (      
,fe/us,,sn3 ,anus1 quasi nos1 s9e m5te42
 & consonant unto ! ,hi/ory2 :]e9 x is  
said1 t ,t>qu9 ?\ght %e dot$ ) old age4 
,:i* duly p]p5d$1 ! ,lic5tia pictoria is
 v l>ge2 ) ! same reason !y may del9eate
 old ,ne/or l ,adonis1 ,hecuba ) ,hel5s 
face1 & ,"t ) ,absolons head4 ,b ?is    
absurdity t em95t ,arti/ ,mi*ael ,angelo
 ha? avoid$1 9 ! ,pictures ( ! ,cumean &
 ,p]sian ,sibyls1 z !y /& describ$ f !  
pr9t$ sculptures ( ,adam ,mantuanus4    
,,*apt] ,,xii                ,( !       
,picture describ+ ! dea? (              
,cleopatra4   ,! ,picture conc]n+ ! dea?
 ( ,cleopatra ) two ,asps or v5em\s     
,s]p5ts unto h] arms1 or brea/s1 or bo?1
 requires consid]ation3 = !re9 7beside t
 ?is v>iety is n excusable7 ! ?+ x self 
is que/ionable2 nor is x indisputably   
c]ta9 :at mann] ( dea? %e di$4 ,plut>* 9
 ! life ( ,antony pla9ly deliv]e?1 t no 
man knew ! mann] ( h] dea?2 = "s affirm$
 %e p]i%$ by poison1 :i* %e alwayes     

c>ri$ 9 a little holl[ comb1 & wore x 9 
h] hair4 ,beside1 !re 7 nev] any ,asps  
discov]$ 9 ! place ( h] dea?1 al?\gh two
 ( h] maids p]i%$ also ) h]2 only x 0   
said1 two small & almo/ ins5sible pricks
 7 f\nd ^u h] arm2 :i* 0 all ! gr\nd t  
,cs> _h to presume ! mann] ( h] dea?4   
,gal5 :o 0 contempor>y unto ,plut>*1    
deliv]e? two wayes ( h] dea?3 t %e kill$
 h] self by ! bite ( an ,asp1 or bit an 
hole 9 h] arm1 & p\r$ poison !re94      
,/rabo t liv$ be=e !m bo? ha? also two  
op9ions2 t %e di$ by ! bite ( an ,asp1  
or else a poison\s o9tm5t4  ,we might "q
 ! l5g? ( ! ,asps1 :i* are sometimes    
describ$ exce$+ %ort2 :]eas ! ,*]sa or  
l&-,asp :i* mo/ conceive %e us$1 is     
above f\r cubits long4 ,_! numb] is n   
unque/ionable2 = :]eas !re are g5]ally  
two describ$1 ,augu/us 7z ,plut>*       
relate?7 did c>ry 9 8 triumph ! ,image (
 ,cleopatra b ) "o ,asp "u h] arm4 ,z = 
! two pricks1 or little spots 9 h] arm1 
!y inf] n _! plurality3 = l ! ,vip]1 !  
,asp ha? two tee?2 :]eby x left ?is     

impression1 or d\ble puncture beh9d x4  
,& la/ly1 ,we might "q ! place2 = "s    
apply !m unto h] brea/1 :i* not)/&+ w n 
consi/ ) ! ,hi/ory2 & ,petrus ,victorius
 ha? well obs]v$ ! same4 ,b h]e9 !      
mi/ake 0 easie2 x be+ ! cu/om 9 capital 
malefactors to apply !m unto ! brea/1 z 
! ,au?or ,de ,!riaca ad ,pisonem1 an eye
 witness h]e( 9 ,alex&ria1 :]e          
,cleopatra di$1 det]m9e?3 ,i beheld1    
sai? he1 9 ,alex&ria1 h[ sudd5ly ^!     
,s]p5ts b]eave a man ( life2 = :5 any "o
 is condemn$ to ?is k9d ( dea?1 if !y   
int5d to use him fav\rably1 t is1 to    
dispat* him sudd5ly1 !y fa/5 an ,asp    
unto 8 brea/2 & bidd+ him walk ab\t1 he 
pres5tly p]i%e? !reby4                  
,,*apt] ,,xiii                   ,( !   
,pictures ( ! ,n9e ,wor?ies4   ,!       
,pictures ( ! n9e ,wor?ies are n        
unque/ionable1 & to critical spectators 
may seem to conta9 sundry improprieties4
 ,"s w enquire :y ,alex&] ! ,great is   
describ$ ^u an ,elephant3 =1 we d n f9d 
he us$ t animal 9 8 armies1 mu* less 9 8

 own p]son2 b 8 horse is fam\s 9        
,hi/ory1 & its "n alive to ?is day4     
,beside1 he f\ght b "o rem>kable battel1
 :]e9 !re 7 any ,elephants1 & t 0 )     
,porus ,k+ ( ,india2 9 :i* not)/&+1 z   
,curtius1 ,arrianus1 & ,plut>* report1  
he 0 on ,horseback himself4 ,& if       
because he f\ght aga9/ ,elephants1 he is
 ) propriety set ^u _! backs2 ) no less 
or great] reason is ! same description  
agreeable unto ,judas ,maccabeus1 z may 
be obs]v$ f ! hi/ory ( ! ,maccabees2 &  
also unto ,julius ,cs>1 ^: triumph 0    
hon\r$ ) captive ,elephants1 z may be   
obs]v$ 9 ! ord] !re(1 set =? by ,jacobus
 ,laurus,,sn3 ,9 spl5d]e urbis ,antiqu44
 ,& if also we %\ld admit ?is           
description ^u an ,elephant1 yet 7 n !  
mann] !re( unque/ionable1 t is1 9 8 rul+
 ! bea/ alone2 = beside ! ,*ampion ^u _!
 back1 !re 0 also a guide or rul]1 :i*  
sat m =w>d to comm& or guide ! bea/4    
,?us did ,k+ ,porus ride :5 he 0 ov]?r[n
 by ,alex&]2 & ?us are also ! t[r$      
,elephants describ$1 ,maccab4 #b4 #f4   

,^u ! bea/s !re 7 /rong t[]s ( wood1 :i*
 cov]$ e "o ( !m1 & 7 girt fa/ unto !m  
by devices3 !re 7 also ^u e "o ( !m     
?irty two /rong m51 beside ! ,indian t  
rul$ !m4  ,o!rs w dem&1 n only :y       
,alex&] ^u an ,elephant1 b ,hector ^u an
 ,horse3 :]eas 8 mann] ( fight+1 or     
pres5t+ himself 9 battel1 0 9 a ,*>iot1 
z did ! o!r noble ,trojans1 :o z ,pl9y  
affirme? 7 ! fir/ inv5t]s !re(4 ,! same 
way ( fight is te/ifi$ by ,diodorus1 &  
?us deliv]$ by ,sir ,walt] ,rawleigh4 ,(
 ! vulg> little reckon+ 0 made1 = !y    
f\ght all on foot1 slightly arm$1 &     
commonly foll[$ ! success ( _! ,capta9s2
 :o rode n ^u horses1 b 9 ,*>iots drawn 
by two or ?ree ,horses4 ,& ?is 0 also ! 
anci5t way ( fight among ! ,brita9s1 z  
is deliv]$ by ,diodorus1 ,cs>1 &        
,tacitus2 & !re want n "s :o h tak5     
advantage h]e(1 & made x "o argum5t ( _!
 orig9al f ,troy4  ,sid5ote3 ,! use (   
/irrops n anci5t4  ,la/ly1 ,by any man  
v]s$ 9 ,antiquity1 ! "q c h>dly be      
avoid$1 :y ! ,horses ( ^! ,wor?ies1     

especially ( ,cs>1 are describ$ ) !     
furniture ( great saddles1 & /irrops2 = 
saddles l>gely tak51 ?\gh "s def5ce !re 
may be1 yet t !y _h n ! use ( /irrops1  
seeme? ( less] d\bt2 z ,pancirollus ha? 
obs]v$1 z ,polydore ,virgil1 & ,petrus  
,victorius h confirm$1 ,,sn3 ,de        
inv5tione r]um1 v>i ,lectiones4 expresly
 disc\rs+ h]eon2 z is obs]vable f ,pl9y1
 & _c escape our eyes 9 ! anci5t        
monum5ts1 m$als & ,triumphant ar*es ( ! 
,romans4 ,nor is !re any anci5t         
classical ^w 9 ,lat9e to express !m4 ,= 
,/aphia1 ,/apes or ,/ap$a is n to be    
f\nd 9 ,au?ors ( ?is ,antiquity4 ,&     
div]s words :i* may be urg$ ( ?is       
signification1 are ei!r lat]1 or        
signifi$ n ?us mu* 9 ! "t ( ,cs>4 ,&    
!re=e z ,lipsius obs]ve?1 le/ a ?+ (    
common use %\ld want a common ^w1       
,franciscus ,philelphus nam$ !m ,/ap$as1
 & ,bod9us ,subicus ,p$aneos4 ,& :]eas !
 "n might promise "s ,antiquity1 because
 among ! ?ree small bones 9 ! ,auditory 
,organ1 by ,physitians t]m$ ,incus1     

,malleus & /apes1 "o !re( f "s          
resemblance do? be> ?is "n2 ^! bones 7 n
 obs]v$1 mu* less nam$ by ,hippocrates1 
,gal51 or any anci5t ,physitian4 ,b z   
,laur5tius obs]ve?1 conc]n+ ! inv5tion (
 ! /apes or /irrop bone1 !re is "s      
cont5tion betwe5 ,columbus & ,+rassias2 
! "o ( ,sicilia1 ! o!r ( ,cremona1 & bo?
 )9 ! compass ( ?is ,c5tury4  ,! same is
 also d$uceable f v approv$ ,au?ors3    
,polybius speak+ ( ! way :i* ,anibal    
m>*$ into ,italy1 use? ! ^w 1 t is1 sai?
 ,petrus ,victorius1 x 0 /or$ ) devices 
= m5 to get ^u _! horses1 :i* asc5ts 7  
t]m$ ,bemata1 & 9 ! life ( ,caius       
,grac*us1 ,plut>* expresse? z mu*4 ,=   
endev\r+ to +ratiate himself ) ! p1     
besides ! plac+ ( /ones at e miles end1 
he made at ne>] di/ances c]ta9 elevat$  
places1 & ,scal>y asc5ts1 t by ! help   
!re( !y might ) bett] ease asc5d or m\nt
 _! ,horses4 ,n[ if we dem& h[ ,cavali]s
 !n de/itute ( /irrops did usually m\nt 
_! ,horses2 z ,lipsius in=me? ! unable &
 s(t] sort ( m5 _h _! 1 or ,/ratores1   

:i* help$ !m up on horse back1 z 9 !    
practice ( ,crassus 9 ,plut>*1 &        
,c>acalla 9 ,sp>tianus1 & ! lat] example
 ( ,val5t9ianus1 :o because 8 horse ris$
 be=e t he c\ld n be setl$ on 8 back1   
cut (f ! "r h& ( 8 ,/rator4 ,b h[ !     
active & h>dy p]sons m\nt$1 ,vegetius   
,,sn3 ,de re ,milit4 resolves u1 t !y   
us$ to vault or leap up1 & !re=e !y _h  
wood5 horses 9 _! h\ses & abroad3 t     
!reby "y m5 might enable !mselves 9 ?is 
action3 :]e9 by in/ruction & practice !y
 grew s p]fect1 t !y c\ld vault up on ! 
"r or left1 & t ) _! sword 9 h&1 accord+
 to t ( ,virgil            ,poscit equos
 atque arma simul1 saltuque sup]bus     
,emicat4  ,& aga93            ,infrnant 
alii currus et corpora saltu            
,injiciunt 9 equos4  ,s ,julius ,pollux 
advise? to tea* horses to incl9e1 dimit1
 & b[ d[n _! bodies1 t _! rid]s may )   
bett] ease asc5d !m4 ,& ?us may x m     
causally be made out1 :at ,hippocrates  
affirme? ( ! ,scy?ians1 t us+ cont9ual  
rid+1 !y 7 g5]ally mole/$ ) ! ,sciatica 

or hip-g\t4 ,or :at ,suetonius deliv]e? 
( ,g]manicus1 t he _h sl5d] legs1 b     
encreas$ !m by rid+ aft] meals2 t is1 ! 
hum\rs desc5d+ ^u _! p5dulosity1 !y hav+
 no support or supp$ane\s /ability4  ,n[
 if any %all say t ^! are petty errors &
 m9or lapses1 n consid]ably injuri\s    
unto tru?1 yet is x nei!r reasonable nor
 fair to contemn inf]i\r falsities2 b r 
z betwe5 fal%ood & tru? !re is no m$ium1
 s %\ld !y be ma9ta9$ 9 _! di/ances3 nor
 ! contagion ( ! "o1 approa* ! s9c]ity (
 ! o!r4                                 
,,*apt] ,,xiv                ,( !       
,picture ( ,jeph?ah sacryfic+           
8 daught]4   ,sid5ote3 ,t ,jeph?ah did n
 kill 8 daught]4  ,! h& ( ! ,pa9t]      
confid5tly sette? =? ! ,picture (       
,jeph?ah 9 ! po/ure ( ,abraham1         
sacrific+ 8 only daught]3 ,?us is x     
commonly receiv$1 & ha? _h ! atte/ ( _m 
wor?y ,writ]s4 ,not)/&+ ^u enquiry we   
f9d ! matt] d\btful1 & _m ^u probable   
gr\nds to h be5 ( ano!r op9ion3 conceiv+
 9 ?is oblation n a natural b a civil   

k9d ( dea?1 & a sep>ation only unto !   
,"l4 ,= t he pursu$ n 8 v[ unto a lit]al
 oblation1 !re want n argum5ts bo? f !  
,text4 ,,sn3 ,judg4 #aa4ci & reason4  ,=
 fir/1 ,x is evid5t t %e deplor$ h]     
,virg9ity1 & n h] dea?2 ,let me g up &  
d[n ! m\nta9s1 & bewail my ,virg9ity1 ,i
 & my fell[s4  ,secondly1 ,:5 x is said1
 t ,jeph?ah did unto h] accord+ unto 8  
v[1 x is imm$iately subjoyn$1 ,et non   
cognovit virum1 & %e knew no man2 :i* z 
imm$iate 9 words1 0 probably mo/ ne> 9  
s5se unto ! v[4  ,?irdly1 ,x is said 9 !
 ,text1 t ! daught]s ( ,israel w5t ye>ly
 to talk ) ! daught] ( ,jeph?ah f\r     
dayes 9 ! ye>2 :i* _h %e be5 sacrific$1 
!y c\ld n h done3 ,= :]eas ! ^w is      
sometime translat$ to lam5t1 yet do? x  
also signifie to talk or h conf]5ce )   
"o1 & by ,tremellius1 :o 0 well able to 
,judge ( ! ,orig9al1 x is 9 ?is s5se    
translat$3 ,ibant filii ,israelit>um1 ad
 confabul&um cum filia ,jeph?aci1       
quatuor diebus quotannis3 ,& s x is also
 set d[n 9 ! m>g9al notes ( our         

,translation4 ,& f ?is annual conc\rse (
 ! daught]s ( ,israel1 x is n improbable
 9 future ,ages1 ! daught] ( ,jeph?ah   
came to be wor%ipp$ z a ,deity2 & _h by 
! ,sam>itans an annual fe/ivity obs]v$  
unto h] hon\r1 z ,epiphanius ha? left   
record$ 9 ! ,h]esie ( ! ,mel*idecians4  
,x is also repugnant unto reason2 = !   
(f]+ ( mank9d 0 aga9/ ! ,law ( ,god1 :o 
s abhorr$ humane sacrifice1 t he omitt$ 
n ! oblation ( unclean bea/s1 & conf9$ 8
 ,alt>s b unto few k9ds ( ,animals1 !   
,ox1 ! ,goat1 ! ,%eep1 ! ,pigeon & its  
k9ds3 ,9 ! cleans+ ( ! ,lep]1 !re is ,i 
confess1 m5tion made ( ! ,sp>r[2 b great
 dispute may be made :e!r x be prop]ly  
r5d]$4 ,& !re=e ! ,scripture )          
indignation (t-times makes m5tion (     
humane sacrifice among ! ,g5tiles2 ^:   
oblations sc>ce made scruple ( any      
,animal1 sacrific+ n only ,man1 b       
,horses1 ,lions1 gles2 & ?\gh !y come n 
into holocau/s1 yet d we read ! ,syrians
 did make oblations ( fi%es unto !      
goddess ,d]ceto4 ,x be+ !re=e a         

sacrifice s abom9able unto ,god1 al?\gh 
he _h pursu$ x1 x is n probable !       
,prie/s & ,wisdom ( ,israel w\ld h      
p]mitt$ x2 & t n only 9 reg>d ( !       
subject or sacrifice x self1 b also !   
sacrificator1 :i* ! ,picture makes to be
 ,jeph?ah2 :o 0 nei!r ,prie/1 nor       
capable ( t ,(fice3 = he 0 a ,gileadite1
 & z ! ,text affirme?1 ! son also ( an  
h>lot4 ,& h[ h>dly ! ,prie/hood w\ld    
endure encroa*m5t ^u _! function1 a     
notable example !re is 9 ! /ory (       
,ozias4  ,secondly1 ,! (f]+ up ( 8      
daught] 0 n only unlawful1 & entr5*$ ^u 
8 ,religion1 b _h be5 a c\rse t _h mu*  
condemn$ 8 discretion2 t is1 to h puni%$
 himself 9 ! /ricte/ obs]vance ( 8 v[1  
:5 z ! ,law ( ,god _h all[$ an evasion2 
t is1 by way ( commutation or r$emption1
 accord+ z is det]m9$1 ,levit4 #bg4     
,:]eby if %e 7 betwe5 ! age ( five &    
tw5ty1 %e 0 to be e/imat$ b at t5       
%ekels1 & if betwe5 tw5ty & sixty1 n    
above ?irty4 ,a sum t c\ld nev]         
disc\rage an indulg5t ,p>5t2 x be+ b !  

value ( s]vant sla92 ! inconsid]able    
,sal>y ( ,judas2 & w make no great]     
noise ?an ?ree p\nd fifte5 %ill+s ) u4  
,& !re=e _! conceit is n to be explod$1 
:o say t f ! /ory ( ,jeph?ah sacrific+ 8
 own daught]1 might spr+ ! fable (      
,agamemnon1 deliv]+ unto sacrifice 8    
daught] ,iphig5ia1 :o 0 also contempor>y
 unto ,jeph?ah3 :]e9 to answ] ! gr\nd t 
h9t$ x1 ,iphig5ia 0 n sacrific$ h] self1
 b r$eem$ ) an ,h>t1 :i* ,diana accept$ 
= h]4  ,la/ly1 ,al?\gh 8 v[ run g5]ally 
= ! words1 ,:atsoev] %all come =?1 etc4 
,yet might x be re/ra9$ 9 ! s5se1 =     
:atsoev] 0 sacrificable1 & ju/ly subject
 to lawful immolation3 & s w\ld n h     
sacrific$ ei!r ,horse or ,dog1 if !y _h 
come out ^u him4 ,nor 0 he oblig$ by oa?
 unto a /rict obs]vation ( t :i*        
promissorily 0 unlawful2 or c\ld he be  
qualifi$ by v[ to commit a fact :i*     
naturally 0 abom9able4 ,:i* doctr9e _h  
,h]od und]/ood1 x might h sav$ ,john    
,bapti/s head2 :5 he promis$ by oa? to  
give unto ,h]odias :atsoev] %e w\ld ask2

 t is1 if x 7 9 ! compass ( ?+s1 :i* he 
c\ld lawfully grant4 ,= 8 oa? made n t  
lawful :i* 0 illegal be=e3 & if x 7     
unju/ to mur!r ,john1 ! sup]v5i5t ,oa?  
did n ext5uate ! fact1 or oblige !      
,juror unto x4  ,n[ ! gr\nd at lea/ :i* 
mu* promot$ ! op9ion1 might be ! dubi\s 
words ( ! text1 :i* conta9 ! s5se ( 8   
v[2 mo/ m5 adh]+ unto _! common & obvi\s
 acception4 ,:atsoev] %all come =? ( !  
doors ( my h\se %all surely be ! ,lords1
 & ,i w (f] x up = a burnt (f]+4 ,n[    
:]eas x is said1 ,erit ,jehov1 et (f]am 
illud holocau/um1 ! ^w signify+ bo? et &
 aut1 x may be tak5 disjunctively2 aut  
(f]am1 t is1 x %all ei!r be ! ,lords by 
sep>ation1 or else1 an holocau/ by      
common oblation2 ev5 z our m>g9al       
translation adv]tise?2 & z ,tremellius  
r5dre? x1 ,erit inquam ,jehov1 aut (f]am
 illud holocau/um3 & = ! vulg>          
translation1 x use? (t5 et1 :]e aut mu/ 
be presum$1 z ,exod4 #ba4 ,si quis      
p]cuss]it patrem et matrem1 t is1 n bo?1
 b ei!r4 ,!re be+ !re=e two waies to    

dispose ( h]1 ei!r to sep>ate h] unto ! 
,"l1 or (f] h] z a sacrifice1 x is ( no 
necessity ! lat] %\ld be necess>y2 &    
surely less d]ogatory unto ! sacr$ text 
& hi/ory ( ! p ( ,god1 mu/ be ! =m]4    
,,*apt] ,,xv                 ,( !       
,picture ( ,john ! ,bapti/4   ,!        
,picture ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 9 a ,camels 
sk9 is v que/ionable1 & _m ,i p]ceive h 
condemn$ x4 ,! gr\nd or occasion ( ?is  
description are ! words ( ! holy        
,scripture1 especially ( ,mat!w & ,m>k1 
= ,luke & ,john are sil5t h]e92 by !m x 
is deliv]$1 8 g>m5t 0 ( ,camels hair1 & 
_h a lea!r girdle ab\t 8 lo9s4 ,n[ "h x 
seems ! ,camels hair is tak5 by ,pa9t]s 
= ! sk9 or pelt ) ! hair ^u x4 ,b ?is   
,exposition w n s well consi/ ) ! /rict 
acceptation ( ! words2 = ,m>k #a4 ,x is 
said1 he 01   1 & ,mat!w #c4      1 t   
is1 z ! vulg> translation1 t ( ,beza1 t 
( ,sixtus ,qu9tus1 & ,clem5t ! eight ha?
 r5dr$ x1 ve/im5tum habebat  pilis      
camel9is2 :i* is z ours translate? x1 a 
g>m5t ( ,camels hair2 t is1 made ( "s   

texture ( t hair1 a c\rse g>m5t2 a      
cilici\s or sackclo? habit2 sutable to !
 au/]ity ( 8 life2 ! sev]ity ( 8        
,doctr9e1 ,rep5tance2 & ! place !re(1 ! 
wild]ness1 8 food & diet1 locu/s & wild 
hony4 ,agreeable unto ! example ( ,elias
 ,,sn3 #b ,k+s #c4 #ah41 :o is said to  
be vir pilosus1 t is1 z ,tremellius     
int]prets1 ,ve/e villosa#e c9ctus1      
answ]able unto ! habit ( ! anci5t       
,prophets1 accord+ to t ( ,za*>y ,,sn3  
,za*4 #ac44 ,9 t day ! ,prophets %all be
 a%am$1 nei!r %all !y we> a r\gh g>m5t  
to deceive2 & sutable to ! ,cilici\s &  
hairy ,ve/s ( ! /ricte/ ,ord]s ( ,fry]s1
 :o d]ive ! in/itution ( _! ,mona/ick   
life f ! example ( ,john & ,elias4    #e
 villoso1 #afdf1 #afej1 #afeh1 #affi1   
#afgb4  ,z = ! we>+ ( sk9s1 :]e t is    
prop]ly int5d$1 ! expression ( !        
,scripture is pla92 s x is said1 ,heb4  
#aa4 ,!y w&]$ ab\t   1 t is1 9 ,goats   
sk9s2 & s x is said ( our fir/ ,p>5ts1  
,g54 #c4 ,t ,god made !m  1 ,ve/es      
pelliceas1 or coats ( sk9s2 :i* ?\gh a  

natural habit unto all1 be=e ! inv5tion 
( ,texture1 0 some?+ m unto ,adam1 :o _h
 newly le>n$ to die2 = unto him a g>m5t 
f ! dead1 0 b a dictate ( dea?1 & an    
habit ( mortality4  ,n[ if any man w say
 ?is habit ( ,john 0 nei!r ( ,camels    
sk91 nor any c\rse ,texture ( its hair1 
b r "s f9] ,weave ( ,camelot1 ,grogra9  
or ! l1 9 z mu* z ^! /uffs are suppos$  
to be made ( ! hair ( t ,animal1 or     
because t lian affirme?1 t ,camels hair 
( ,p]sia1 is z f9e z ,milesian wool1    
:]e) ! great ones ( t place 7 cloa!d2 !y
 h discov]$ an habit1 n only unsutable  
unto 8 lea!rn c9cture1 & ! co>s5ess ( 8 
life2 b n consi/5t ) ! words ( our      
,savi\r1 :5 reason+ ) ! p conc]n+ ,john1
 he sai?1 ,:at w5t y out into !         
wild]ness to see8 a man clo!d 9 s(t     
raim5t8 ,behold1 !y t we> s(t raim5t1   
are 9 ,k+s h\ses4                       
,,*apt] ,,xvi                   ,( !    
,picture ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4   ,! ,picture 
( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 t is1 a man ( a        
,giantlike /ature1 be>+ ^u 8 %\ld]s our 

,savi\r ,*ri/1 & ) a /aff 9 8 h&1 wad+  
?or[ ! wat]1 is kn[n unto ,*ildr51      
common ov] all ,europe1 n only z a sign 
unto h\ses1 b is describ$ 9 _m ,*ur*es1 
& /&s ,colossus l 9 ! entrance ( ,no/re 
,dame 9 ,p>is4  ,n[ f h5ce1 common eyes 
conceive an hi/ory sutable unto ?is     
description1 t he c>ri$ our ,savi\r 9 8 
,m9ority ov] "s riv] or wat]3 :i*       
not)/&+ we _c at all make out4 ,= we    
read n ?us mu* 9 any good ,au?or1 nor ( 
any rem>kable ,*ri/oph]1 be=e ! reign ( 
,decius3 :o liv$ #bej ye>s aft] ,*ri/4  
,?is man inde$ accord+ unto ,hi/ory     
suff]$ z a ,m>tyr 9 ! second ye> ( t    
,emp]\r1 & 9 ! ,roman ,cal5d> takes up !
 #ba ( ,july4  ,! gr\nd t begat or      
promot$ ?is op9ion1 01 fir/ ! fabul\s   
adjections ( succe$+ ages unto !        
v]itable acts ( ?is ,m>tyr1 :o 9 ! mo/  
probable acc\nts 0 rem>kable = 8 /aff1 &
 a man ( a goodly /ature4  ,! second    
might be a mi/ake or misappreh5sion ( ! 
,picture1 mo/ m5 conceiv+ t an ,hi/ory  
:i* 0 contriv$ at fir/ b z an ,emblem or

 ,symbolical fancy3 z f ! ,annotations (
 ,b>onius ^u ! ,roman ,m>tyrologie1     
,lipell\s,,sn3 ,lip4 ,de vitis          
,sanctorum4 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] ha?
 obs]v$ 9 ^! words2 ,acta ,s4 ,*ri/oph]i
  multis depravata inv5iuntur3 quod     
quidem non aliunde orig9em sumpsisse    
c]tum e/1 quam quod symbolicas figuras  
imp]iti ad v]itatem successu temporis   
tran/ul]9t3 itaque cuncta illa de       
,sancto ,*ri/oph]o p+i consueta1 symbola
 potius1 quam hi/ori alicujus exi/im&um 
e/ esse expressam imag9em2 t is1 ,!     
,acts ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] are deprav$ by _m3
 :i* surely began f no o!r gr\nd1 !n1 t 
9 process ( "t1 unskilful m5 translat$  
symbolical figures unto real v]ities3 & 
!re=e :at is usually describ$ 9 !       
,picture ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 is r to be    
receiv$ z an ,emblem1 or ,symbolical    
description1 !n any real ,hi/ory4 ,n[   
:at ,emblem ?is 01 or :at its           
signification1 conjectures are _m2      
,pi]ius ha? set d[n "o1 t is1 ( !       
,disciple ( ,*ri/2 = he t w c>ry ,*ri/  

^u 8 %\ld]s1 mu/ rely ^u ! /aff ( 8     
direction1 :]eon if he firme? himself1  
he may be able to ov]come ! bill[s (    
resi/ance1 & 9 ! v]tue ( ?is /aff1 l t (
 ,jacob1 pass ov] ! wat]s ( ,jordan4 ,or
 o!rwise ?us2 ,he t w submit %\ld]s unto
 ,*ri/1 %all by ! concurr5ce ( 8 p[]    
encrease into ! /r5g? ( a ,giant2 & be+ 
support$ by ! /aff ( 8 holy ,_s1 %all n 
be ov]:elm$ by ! waves ( ! _w1 b wade   
?r\gh all resi/ance4  ,add also !       
my/ical reasons ( ?is p\rtract alleadg$ 
by ,vida & ,x]isanus3 & ! record$ /ory (
 ,*ri/oph]1 t be=e 8 ,m>tyrdom he       
reque/$ ( ,god1 t :]e ev] 8 body 71 !   
places %\ld be fre$ f pe/il5ce &        
mis*iefs1 f infection4 ,,sn3 ,anton4    
,ca/ellioni antiquitates ,m$iolan5ses4  
,& !re=e 8 picture or p\rtract1 0       
usually plac$ 9 publick wayes1 & at !   
entrance ( ,t[ns & ,*ur*es1 accord+ to !
 receiv$ ,di/i*                         
,*ri/ophorum videas1 po/ea tutus eris4  
,,*apt] ,,xvii                       ,( 
! ,picture ( ,/4 ,george4   ,! ,picture 

( ,/4 ,george kill+ ! ,dragon1 &1 z mo/ 
anci5t draughts d run1 ) ! daught] ( a  
,k+ /&+ by1 is fam\s among/ ,*ri/ians4  
,& ^u ?is description dep5de? a solemn  
/ory1 h[ by ?is at*ievem5t he r$eem$ a  
,k+s daught]3 :i* is m especially       
believ$ by ! ,engli%1 ^: ,protector he  
is3 & 9 :i* =m & hi/ory1 accord+ to 8   
description 9 ! ,engli% ,coll$ge at     
,rome1 he is set =? 9 ! ,icons or ,cuts 
( ,m>tyrs by ,ceval]ius3 & all ?is      
accord+ to ! ,hi/oria ,lomb>dica1 or    
gold5 leg5d ( ,jacobus de ,vorag9e4 ,n[ 
( :at au?ority soev] ?is piece be among/
 u1 x is ,i p]ceive receiv$ ) diff]5t   
beliefs3 = "s believe ! p]son & ! /ory2 
"s ! p]son1 b n ! /ory2 & o!rs d5y bo?4 
,t su* a p]son !re 01 we %all n cont5d3 
= besides o!rs1 ,dr4 ,heil9 ha? cle>ly  
ass]t$ x 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,george4 ,!  
indi/9ction ( _m 9 ! community ( "n1 or 
! misapplication ( ! acts ( "o unto     
ano!r1 ha? made "s d\bt !re(4 ,= ( ?is  
"n we meet ) m !n "o 9 ,hi/ory1 & no    
less !n two conceiv$ ( ,cappadocia4 ,!  

"o an ,arrian1 :o 0 sla9 by !           
,alex&rians 9 ! "t ( ,julian2 ! o!r a   
valiant ,s\ldi] & ,*ri/ian ,m>tyr1      
behead$ 9 ! reign ( ,dioclesian4 ,?is is
 ! ,george conceiv$ 9 ?is ,picture1 :o  
ha? 8 day 9 ! ,roman ,cal5d]1 on :om s  
_m fables are deliv]$1 ^: /ory is set =?
 by ,metaphra/es1 & 8 miracles by       
,turon5sis4  ,z = ! /ory dep5d+ h]eon1  
"s conceive z lightly !re(1 z ( t (     
,p]sius & ,&rom$a2 conjectur+ ! "o to be
 ! fa!r ( ! o!r2 & "s too highly ass]t  
x4 ,o!rs ) bett] mod]ation1 d ei!r      
ent]ta9 ! same z a fabul\s addition unto
 ! true & au!ntick /ory ( ,/4 ,george2  
or else conceive ! lit]al acception to  
be a miscon/ruction ( ! symbolical      
expression2 appreh5d+ a v]itable        
,hi/ory1 9 an ,emblem or piece (        
,*ri/ian ,poesie4 ,& ?is ,emblematical  
con/ruction ha? be5 receiv$ by m5 n =w>d
 to ext5uate ! acts ( ,sa9ts3 z f       
,b>onius1 ,lipell\s ! ,c>?usian ha?     
deliv]$ 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,george2         
,picturam illam ,/4 ,georgii qu eff+itur

 eques armatus1 qui ha/ cuspide ho/em   
int]ficit1 juxta quam etiam virgo posita
 manus supplices t5d5s ejus explorat    
auxilium1 ,symboli potius quam hi/ori   
alicujus c5s5da expressa imago4         
,consuevit quidem ut eque/ris militi    
miles eque/ri imag9e ref]ri3 t is1 ,!   
,picture ( ,/4 ,george1 :]e9 he is      
describ$ l a ,curassi] or horseman      
compleatly arm$1 etc4 ,is r a symbolical
 image1 !n any prop] figure4  ,n[ 9 !   
,picture ( ?is ,sa9t & ,s\ldi]1 might be
 impli$ ! ,*ri/ian ,s\ldi] & true       
,*ampion ( ,*ri/4 ,a horseman arm$ ,cap 
a pe1 intimat+ ! ,panoplia or compleat  
arm\r ( a ,*ri/ian2 combat+ ) ! ,dragon1
 t is1 ) ! ,devil2 9 def5ce ( ! ,k+s    
daught]1 t is1 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,& !re=e 
al?\gh ! hi/ory be n made out1 x do? n  
disp>age ! ,knights & ,noble ord] ( ,/4 
,george3 ^: cognisance is hon\rable 9 ! 
,emblem ( ! ,s\ldi] ( ,*ri/1 & is a     
wor?y memorial to con=m unto its my/]y4 
,nor1 7 !re no su* p]son at all1 _h !y m
 reason to be a%am$1 !n ! ,noble ord] ( 

,burgundy1 & ,knights ( ! ,gold5        
,fleece2 ^: badge is a confess$ fable4  
,,*apt] ,,xviii                         
,( ! ,picture ( ,j]om4   ,sid5ote3      
,clocks no v anci5t inv5tion4  ,!       
,picture ( ,j]om usually describ$ at 8  
/udy1 ) a ,clock hang+ by1 is n to be   
omitt$2 = ?\gh ! mean+ be all[able1 &   
probable x is t indu/ri\s ,fa!r did n   
let slip 8 "t )\t acc\nt2 yet mu/ n     
p]haps t ,clock be set d[n to h be5 8   
measure !re(4 ,= ,clocks or ,automat\s  
organs1 :]eby we n[ di/+ui% ( "t1 h f\nd
 no m5tion 9 any anci5t ,writ]s b are ( 
late inv5tion1 z ,pancirollus obs]ve?4  
,& ,polydore ,virgil disc\rs+ ( new     
inv5tions :]e( ! au?ors are n kn[n1     
makes in/ance 9 ,clocks & ,guns4 ,n[    
,j]om is no late ,writ]1 b "o ( ! anci5t
 ,fa!rs1 & liv$ 9 ! f\r? ,c5tury1 9 !   
reign ( ,!odosius ! fir/4  ,x is n to be
 d5i$ t be=e ! daies ( ,j]om !re 7      
,horologies1 & sev]al acc\nts ( "t2 = !y
 measur$ ! h\rs n only by drops ( wat] 9
 glasses call$ ,clepsydr1 b also by s& 9

 glasses call$ ,clepsammia4 ,!re 7 also 
f great antiquity1 ,sciot]ical or ,sun  
,dials1 by ! %ad[ ( a /ile or gnomon    
d5ot+ ! h\rs ( ! day3 an inv5tion       
ascrib$ unto ,anaxim9es by ,pl9y4 ,h]e( 
a memorable "o !re 0 9 ,campus ,m>tius1 
f an obelisk erect$1 & gold5 figures    
plac$ horozontally ab\t x2 :i* 0 br\ght 
out ( ,egypt by ,augu/us1 & describ$ by 
,jacobus ,laurus4 ,& ano!r ( great      
antiquity we meet ) 9 ! /ory ( ,eze*ias2
 = s x is deliv]$ 9 ,k+4 #b4 #bj4 ,t !  
,"l br\ght ! %ad[ backw>d t5 degrees by 
:i* x _h gone d[n 9 ! dial ( ,ahaz4     
,,sn3 ,a peculi> description & p>ticul> 
con/ruction h]e( out ( ,r4 ,*om]1 is set
 d[n1 ,curios de ,caff>el4 *ap4 #i4 ,t  
is1 say "s1 t5 degrees1 n l9es2 = ! h\rs
 7 d5ot$ by c]ta9 divisions or /eps 9 ! 
,dial1 :i* o!rs di/+ui%$ by l9es1       
accord+ to t ( ,p]sius                  
,/]timus indomitum quod despum>e        
,fal]num               ,sufficiat1 qu9t 
dum l9ea tangitur umbra4  ,t is1 ! l9e  
next ! ,m]idian1 or )9 an h\r ( noon4   

,sid5ote3 ,doctr9e ( circul> motions4   
,( lat] ye>s !re succe$$ new inv5tions1 
& horologies compos$ by ,tro*ilick or ! 
artifice ( :eels2 :]e( "s are kept 9    
motion by weight1 o!rs p]=m )\t x4 ,n[ z
 "o age in/ructs ano!r1 & "t t br+s all 
?+s to ru91 p]fects also e ?+2 s are ^! 
inde$ ( m g5]al & ready use !n any t w5t
 be=e !m4 ,by ! ,wat]-glasses ! acc\nt 0
 n regul>3 = f att5uation & cond5sation1
 :]eby t ,elem5t is alt]$1 ! h\rs 7     
%ort] 9 hot wea!r !n 9 cold1 & 9 ,summ] 
!n 9 ,w9t]4 ,z = ,sciot]ical ,dials1    
:e!r ( ! ,sun or ,moon1 !y are only (   
use 9 ! actual radiation ( ^? ,lum9>ies1
 & are ( little advantage unto ^?       
inhabitants1 :i* = _m mon?s enjoy n !   
,lu/re ( ! ,sun4  ,x is ,i confess no   
easie wond] h[ ! horometry ( ,antiquity 
discov]$ n ?is ,artifice1 h[ ,ar*itas t 
contriv$ ! mov+ ,dove1 or r !           
,helicosophie ( ,ar*im$es1 fell n ^u ?is
 way4 ,surely z 9 _m ?+s1 s 9 ?is       
p>ticul>1 ! pres5t age ha? f> surpass$  
,antiquity2 ^: +5uity ha? be5 s bold n  

only to proce$ bel[ ! acc\nt ( m9utes1 b
 to attempt p]petual motions1 & eng9es  
^: revolutions 7c\ld _! sub/ance answ] !
 design7 might out-la/ ! exempl>y       
mobility1 & out measure "t x self4 ,=   
su* a "o is t m5tion$ by ,john ,dee1 ^: 
words are ^! 9 8 le>n$ ,preface unto    
,euclide3 ,by ,:eels /range works &     
incr$ible are done3 ,a wondr\s example 0
 se5 9 my "t 9 a c]ta9 ,in/rum5t1 :i* by
 ! ,inv5t] & ,artific] 0 sold = tw5ty   
tal5ts ( gold2 & !n by *ance _h receiv$ 
"s injury1 & "o ,janellus ( ,cremona did
 m5d ! same1 & pres5t$ x unto ! ,emp]or 
,*>les ! fift4 ,j]onimus ,c>danus c be  
my witness1 t !re9 0 "o ,:eel t mov$ at 
su* a rate1 t 9 sev5 ?\s& ye>s 8 own    
p]iod %\ld be f9i%$2 a ?+ almo/         
incr$ible1 b h[ f> ,i keep )9 my b\nds1 
_m m5 yet alive c tell4                 
,,*apt] ,,xix                 ,( !      
,pictures ( ,m]maids1 ,unicorns1        
& "s o!rs4   ,few eyes h escap$ !       
,picture ( ,m]maids3 t is1 accord+ to   
,horace 8 ,mon/]1 ) womans head above1 &

 fi%y extremity bel[2 & ^! are conceiv$ 
to answ] ! %ape ( ! anci5t ,syr5s t     
attempt$ ^u ,ulysses4 ,:i* not)/&+ 7 (  
ano!r description1 conta9+ no fi%y      
composure1 b made up ( ,man & ,bird2 !  
humane m$iety v>i\sly plac$ n only      
above1 b bel[2 accord+ unto lian1       
,suidas1 ,s]vius1 ,boccatius1 &         
,aldrov&us1 :o ha? ref]r$ _! description
 unto ! /ory ( fabul\s ,birds2 accord+  
to ! description ( ,ovid1 & ! acc\nt    
!re( 9 ,hyg9us1 t !y 7 ! daught]s (     
,melpom5e1 & metamorphos$ into ! %ape ( 
man & bird by ,c]es4  ,& !re=e ^! pieces
 s common among u1 d r d]ive _! orig9al1
 or are inde$ ! v description (         
,dagon,,sn3 ,dagon ! ,idol1 ( :at =m42  
:i* 0 made ) human figure above1 & fi%y 
%ape bel[2 ^: /ump1 or z ,tremellius &  
our m>g9 r5d]s x1 ^: fi%y "p only       
rema9$1 :5 ! h&s & upp] "p fell be=e !  
,ark4 ,,sn3 #a ,sam4 #e4 ,( ! %ape (    
,art]gates1 or ,d]ceto ) ! ,phnitians2 9
 ^: fi%y & fem99e mixture1 z "s         
conceive1 7 impli$ ! ,moon & ! ,sea1 or 

! ,deity ( ! wat]s2 & !re=e1 9 _!       
sacrifices1 !y made oblations ( fi%es4  
,f :5ce 7 probably occasion$ ! ,pictures
 ( ,n]eides & ,tritons among !          
,grecians1 & su* z we read 9 ,macrobius1
 to h be5 plac$ on ! top ( ! ,temple (  
,saturn4  ,we are unwill+ to "q ! ,royal
 ,support]s ( ,engl&1 t is1 ! approv$   
descriptions ( ! ,lion & ! ,unicorn4    
,al?\gh1 if 9 ! ,lion1 ! position ( !   
pizel be prop]1 & t ! natural situation2
 x w be h>d to make out _!              
retro-copulation1 or _! c\pl+ & piss+   
backw>d1 accord+ to ! det]m9ation (     
,ari/otle2 ,all t ur9e backw>d d        
copulate  clunatim1 or av]sly1 z ,lions1
 ,h>es1 ,l9xes4  ,z = ! ,unicorn1 if x h
 ! head ( a ,de]1 & ! tail ( a ,bo>1 z  
,v>tomannus describe? x1 h[ agreeable x 
is to ?is picture e eye may disc]n4 ,if 
x be made bisulc\s or clov5 foot$1 x    
agree? unto ! description ( ,v>tommanus1
 b sc>ce ( any o!r2 & ,ari/otle suppose?
 t su* z divide ! ho(1 d also d\ble !   
horn2 !y be+ bo? ( ! same nature1 &     

admitt+ division toge!r4 ,& la/ly if !  
horn h ?is situation & be s =w>dly      
affix$1 z is describ$1 x w n be easily  
conceiv$1 h[ x c fe$ f ! gr\nd2 & !re=e 
we obs]ve1 t ,nature 9 o!r cornig]\s    
animals1 ha? plac$ ! horns high] &      
recl9+1 z 9 ,bucks2 9 "s inv]t$ upw>ds1 
z 9 ! ,rh9oc]os1 ! ,indian ,ass1 &      
,unicorn\s ,beetles2 & ?us h "s affirm$ 
x is seat$ 9 ?is animal4  ,we _c b      
obs]ve t 9 ! ,picture ( ,jonah & o!rs1  
,:ales are describ$ ) two prom95t sp\ts 
on _! heads2 :]eas inde$ !y h b "o 9 !  
=ehead1 & t]m9at+ ov] ! w9d-pipe4 ,nor c
 we ov]look ! ,picture ( ,elephants )   
,ca/les on _! backs1 made 9 ! =m ( l&   
,ca/les1 or /ation>y =tifications1 &    
answ]able unto ! ,arms ( ,ca/ile1 or    
,sir ,john ,old ,ca/le2 :]eas ! t[]s !y 
bore 7 made ( wood1 & girt unto _!      
bodies2 z is deliv]$ 9 ! books (        
,maccabees1 & z !y 7 appo9t$ 9 ! ,army (
 ,antio*us4  ,we w n dispute ! ,pictures
 ( ,reti>y ,spid]s1 & _! position 9 !   
web1 :i* is commonly made lat]al1 &     

reg>d+ ! ,horizon2 al?\gh1 if obs]v$1 we
 %all commonly f9d x d[nw>d1 & _! heads 
respect+ ! ,c5t]4 ,,sn3 ,:]e ! sev5 ,/>s
 be situat$4 ,we w n controv]t !        
,picture ( ! sev5 ,/>s2 al?\gh if !reby 
be meant ! ,pleiades1 or subcon/ellation
 ^u ! back ( ,taurus1 ) :at congruity !y
 are describ$1 ei!r 9 site or magnitude1
 9 a cle> night an ord9>y eye may       
discov]1 f ,july unto ,april4 ,we w n "q
 ! tongues ( ,add]s & ,vip]s1 describ$ l
 an ,an*or2 nor ! ,picture ( ! ,fl[] de 
,luce3 ?\gh h[ f> !y agree unto _!      
natural draughts1 let e spectator       
det]m9e4  ,:e!r ! ,*]ubims ab\t ! ,ark  
be rightly describ$ 9 ! common ,picture1
 t is1 only 9 humane heads1 ) two w+s2  
or r 9 ! %ape ( ,angels or "y m51 or    
some:at at lea/ ) feet1 z ! ,scripture  
seems to imply4 ,,sn3 #b ,*ron4 #c4 #ac4
 ,:e!r ! ,cross se5 9 ! air by          
,con/ant9e1 7 ( t figure :]e9 we        
repres5t x2 or r made out (  & 1 ! two  
fir/ lett]s ( 4 ,:e!r ! ,cross ( ,*ri/  
did answ] ! common figure2 :e!r s f>    

advanc$ above 8 head2 :e!r ! feet 7 s   
dispos$1 t is1 "o ^u ano!r1 or sep>ately
 nail$1 z "s ) reason describe x3 we    
%all n at all cont5d4 ,mu* less :e!r !  
h\se ( ,diog5es 7 a ,tub fram$ ( wood1 &
 aft] ! mann] ( ours1 or r made ( e>?1 z
 le>n$ m5 conceive1 & s m cle>ly make   
out t expression ( ,juv5al ,,sn3        
----,dolia magni non ard5t ,cynici1     
etc44 ,we %\ld be too critical to "q !  
lett] ,y1 or bicorn\s elem5t (          
,py?agoras1 t is1 ! mak+ ( ! horns      
equal3 or ! left less !n ! "r1 & s      
de/roy+ ! ,symbolical int5t ( ! figure2 
conf\nd+ ! n>r[ l9e ( ,v]tue1 ) ! l>g]  
road ( ,vice2 answ]able unto ! n>r[ door
 ( ,heav51 & ! ample gates ( ,hell1     
express$ by our ,savi\r1 & n =gott5 by  
,hom]1 9 t ,epi!te ( ,pluto's h\se4     
,,sn3 4  ,_m m !re are :]e( our p5 %all 
take no notice1 nor %all we urge _!     
enquiry2 we %all n enl>ge ) :at         
incongruity1 & h[ diss5t+ f ! pieces (  
,antiquity1 ! ,pictures ( _! gods &     
goddesses are describ$1 & h[ h]eby _!   

symbolical s5se is lo/2 al?\gh h]e9 x 7 
n h>d to be in=m$ f ,phornutus,,sn3     
,phornut4 ,de natura deorum41           
,fulg5tius,,sn3 ,fulg4 my?o4 ,logia1 &  
,albricus,,sn3 ,albric4 ,de deorum      
imag9ibus44 ,:e!r ,h]cules be m prop]ly 
describ$ /rangl+ ?an te>+ ! ,lion1 z    
,victorius ha? disput$2 nor h[ ! *>act]s
 & figures ( ! ,signs & ,planets be n[  
p]v]t$1 z ,salmasius ha? le>n$ly decl>$4
 ,we w disp5ce ) ,be>s ) long tails1 su*
 z are describ$ 9 ! figures ( heav52 ,we
 %all tol]ate fly+ ,horses1 black       
,swans1 ,hydra's1 ,c5taur's1 ,h>pies &  
,satyrs2 = ^! are mon/rosities1 r>ities1
 or else ,poetical fancies1 ^: %ad[$    
moralities requite _! sub/antial        
falsities4 ,:]e9 inde$ we mu/ n d5y a   
lib]ty2 nor is ! h& ( ! ,pa9t] m        
re/ra9able ?an ! ,poet4 ,b :]e ! real   
works ( ,nature1 or v]itable acts (     
/orie are to be describ$1 digressions   
are ab]rations2 & ,art be+ b ! imitator 
or second>y repres5tor1 x mu/ n v>y f ! 
v]ity ( ! example2 or describe ?+s      

o!rwise ?an !y truly are or h be54 ,=   
h]eby introduc+ false ,idea's ( ?+s x   
p]v]ts & de=ms ! face & symmetry ( tru?4
                                        
,,*apt] ,,xx                  ,( !      
,hi]oglyphical ,pictures ( !            
,egyptians4   ,c]ta9ly ( all m5 t suff]$
 f ! confusion ( ,babel1 ! gyptians f\nd
 ! be/ evasion2 =1 ?\gh words 7         
conf\nd$1 !y inv5t$ a language ( ?+s1 & 
spake unto ea* o!r by common notions 9  
,nature4 ,:]eby !y disc\rs$ 9 sil5ce1 & 
7 intuitively und]/ood f ! !ory ( _!    
,expresses4 ,= !y assum$ ! %apes (      
animals common unto all eyes2 & by _!   
conjunctions & compositions 7 able to   
communicate _! conceptions1 unto any t  
co-appreh5d$ ! ,syntaxis ( _! ,natures4 
,?is _m conceive to h be5 ! primitive   
way ( writ+1 & ( great] antiquity ?an   
lett]s2 & ?is inde$ might ,adam well h  
spok51 :o und]/&+ ! nature ( ?+s1 _h !  
advantage ( natural expressions4 ,:i* ! 
,egyptians b tak+ ^u tru/1 ^u _! own or 
common op9ion2 f conc$$ mi/akes !y      

au!ntically promot$ errors2 describ+ 9  
_! ,hi]oglyphicks creatures ( _! own    
inv5tion2 or f kn[n & conc$$ animals1   
erect+ significations n inf]rible f _!  
natures4  ,& fir/1 ,al?\gh !re 7 m ?+s 9
 ,nature ?an words :i* did express !m2  
yet ev5 9 ^! mute & sil5t disc\rses1 to 
express complex$ significations1 !y took
 a lib]ty to comp\nd & piece toge!r     
creatures ( all[able =ms into mixtures  
inexi/5t4 ,?us began ! descriptions (   
,griph9s1 ,basilicks1 ,phnix1 & _m m2   
:i* ,emblemati/s & ,h]alds h ent]ta9$ ) 
significations answ]+ _! in/itutions2   
,hi]oglyphically add+ ,m>tegres1        
,wiv]nes1 ,lion fi%es1 ) div]s o!rs4    
,pieces ( good & all[able inv5tion unto 
! prud5t ,spectator1 b are lookt on by  
vulg> eyes z lit]al tru?s1 or absurd    
impossibilities2 :]eas inde$1 !y are    
comm5dable inv5tions1 & ( laudable      
significations4  ,aga91 ,beside ^!      
pieces fictiti\sly set d[n1 & hav+ no   
,copy 9 ,nature2 !y _h _m unque/ionable 
drawn1 ( inconsequ5t signification1 nor 

naturally v]ify+ _! int5tion4 ,we %all  
in/ance b 9 few1 z !y /& record$ by     
,orus4 ,! male sex !y express$ by a     
,vulture1 because ( ,vultures all are   
females1 & impregnat$ by ! w9d2 :i*     
au!ntically transmitt$ ha? pass$ _m p5s1
 & became ! ass]tion ( lian1 ,ambrose1  
,basil1 ,isidore1 ,tzetzes1 ,philes1 &  
o!rs4 ,:]e9 not)/&+ :at injury is (f]$  
unto ! ,creation 9 ?is conf9em5t ( sex1 
& :at di/urbance unto ,philosophy 9 !   
concession ( w9dy conceptions1 we %all n
 "h decl>e4 ,by two dragms !y ?\ght x   
suffici5t to signifie an he>t2 because !
 he>t at "o ye> weighe? two dragms1 t   
is1 a qu>t] ( an ounce1 & unto fifty    
ye>s annually encrease? ! weight ( "o   
dragm1 aft] :i* 9 ! same proportion x   
ye>ly decrease?2 s t ! life ( a man do? 
n naturally ext5d above an hundr$4 ,&   
?is 0 n only a popul> conceit1 b        
cons5tane\s unto _! ,physical pr9ciples1
 z ,heurnius ha? acc\nt$ x4 ,,sn3 ,9 8  
,philosophia ,b>b>ica4  ,a ,woman t ha? 
b "o ,*ild1 !y express by a ,lioness2 = 

t conceive? b once4 ,fecundity !y set =?
 by a ,goat1 because b sev5 daies old1 x
 beg9ne? to use coition4 ,! abortion ( a
 ,woman !y describe by an ,horse kick+ a
 ,wolf2 because a ,m>e w ca/ h] foal if 
%e tread 9 ! track ( t animal4 ,de=mity 
!y signifie by a ,be>2 & an un/able ,man
 by an ,hyna1 because t animal ye>ly    
ex*ange? its sex4 ,a ,woman deliv]$ ( a 
female ,*ild1 !y imply by a ,bull look+ 
ov] 8 left %\ld]2 because if 9 coition a
 ,bull "p f a ,c[ on t side1 ! ,calf w  
prove a female4  ,all :i*1 ) _m m1 h[ f>
 !y cons5t ) tru?1 we %all n disp>age   
our ,read] to dispute2 & ?\gh "s way    
all[able unto wis] conceits1 :o c\ld    
di/9ctly receive _! significations3 yet 
c>ry+ ! maje/y ( ,hi]oglyphicks1 & s    
transmitt$ by ,au?ors3 !y crept into a  
belief ) _m1 & fav\rable d\bt ) mo/4 ,& 
?us1 ,i fe>1 x ha? f>$ ) !              
,hi]oglyphical ,symboles ( ,scripture3  
:i* excell5tly int5d$ 9 ! species ( ?+s 
sacrific$1 9 ! prohibit$ meats1 9 !     
dreams ( ,ph>oah1 ,joseph1 & _m o!r     

passages3 are (t-times wrackt beyond _! 
symbolizations1 & inl>g'd into          
con/ructions disp>ag+ _! true int5tions4
                                        
,,*apt] ,,xxi                    ,( !   
,picture ( ,haman hang$4   ,9 common    
draughts1 ,haman is hang$ by ! ,neck ^u 
an high ,gibbet1 aft] ! usual & n[      
practis$ way ( susp5sion1 b :e!r ?is    
description truly answ]e? ! ,orig9al1   
,le>n$ p5s cons5t n1 & good gr\nds !re  
are to d\bt4 ,= x is n easily made out t
 ?is 0 an anci5t way ( ,execution1 9 !  
publick puni%m5t ( ,malefactors among ! 
,p]sians2 b we (t5 read ( ,crucifixion 9
 _! ,/ories4 ,s we f9d t ,oroetes#f a   
,p]sian ,gov]n\r crucifi$ ,polycrates ! 
,samian ,tyrant4 ,& h]e( we h an example
 9 ! life ( ,artax]xes ,k+ ( ,p]sia2    
7:om "s w h to be ,ahasu]us 9 ?is ,/ory7
 t 8 ,"m ,p>ysatis flead & crucifi$ h]  
,eunu*4 ,! same also seems impli$ 9 !   
lett]s pat5t ( ,k+ ,cyrus4 ,,sn3 ,9     
,ezra #f4 ,omnis qui hanc mutav]it      
jussionem1 tollatur lignum de domo ejus1

 et erigatur et configatur 9 eo4    #f  
,oroetes1 #afgb1 #afhf1 etc4  ,! same   
k9d ( puni%m5t 0 9 use among ! ,romans1 
,syrians1 ,egyptians1 ,c>?ag9ians &     
,grecians4 ,= ?\gh we f9d 9 ,hom]1 t    
,ulysses 9 a fury hang$ ! /rumpets ( ^? 
:o c\rt$ ,p5elope1 yet is x n s easie to
 discov]1 t ?is 0 ! publick practice or 
op5 c\rse ( ju/ice among ! ,greeks4  ,& 
ev5 t ! ,hebrews us$ ?is pres5t way (   
hang+1 by illaqueation or p5dul\s       
suffocation 9 publick ju/ice &          
executions2 ! expressions & examples 9  
scripture conclude n beyond good d\bt4  
,t ! ,k+ ( ,hai 0 hang$1 or de/roy$ by !
 common way ( susp5sion1 is n conc$$ by 
! le>n$ ,masius 9 8 comm5t ^u t text2 :o
 conceive? !reby r "s k9d ( crucifixion2
 at lea/ "s patibul>y affixion aft] he 0
 sla92 & s repres5t$ unto ! p untill    
t[>d ! ev5+4  ,?\gh we read 9 our       
translation1 t ,ph>aoh hang$ ! *ief     
,bak]1 yet le>n$ expositors und]/& h]eby
 "s k9d ( crucifixion1 accord+ to ! mode
 ( ,egypt1 :]eby he exempl>ily hang$ out

 till ! f[ls ( ! air f$ on 8 head or    
face1 ! fir/ "p ( _! prey be+ ! eyes4 ,&
 p]haps accord+ to ! signal draught h]e(
 9 a v old manuscript ( ,g5esis1 n[ kept
 9 ! ,emp]ors ,libr>y at ,vi5na2 &      
accord+ly set d[n by ! le>n$ ,petrus    
,zamb]ius1 9 ! second ,tome ( !         
description ( t ,libr>y4  ,:5 !         
,gibeonites hang$ ! bodies ( ^? ( ! h\se
 ( ,saul1 !reby 0 int5d$ "s k9d (       
crucify+1 accord+ unto good expositors1 
& ! vulg> translation3 crucifix]unt eos 
9 monte coram dom9o2 _m bo? 9 ,scripture
 & humane writ]s might be said to be    
crucifi$1 ?\gh !y did n p]i% imm$iately 
by crucifixion3 ,b h[ev] o!rwise        
de/roy$1 _! bodies might be aft]w>d     
app5d$ or fa/n$ unto "s elevat$ eng9e1 z
 exempl>y objects unto ! eyes ( ! p3 ,s 
sometimes we read ( ! crucifixion ( only
 "s "p1 z ( ! ,heads ( ,julianus &      
,alb9us1 ?\gh _! bodies 7 ca/ away4  ,t 
legal ,text ,,sn3 ,deut4 #ba4 :i* seems 
to c\nt5ance ! common way ( hang+1 if a 
man ha? committ$ a s9 wor?y ( ,dea?1 &  

!y hang him on a ,tree2 is n s receiv$  
by ,*ri/ian & ,jewi% expositors4 ,& z a 
good ,annotator ( ours ,,sn3 ,a9swor?4  
deliv]e?1 out ( ,maimonides3 ,! ,hebrews
 und]/& n ?is ( putt+ him to dea? by    
hang+1 b ( hang+ ( a ,man aft] he 0 /on$
 to dea?2 & ! mann] is ?us describ$4    
,aft] he is /on$ to dea?1 !y fa/5 a     
piece ( timb] 9 ! ,e>?1 & out ( x !re   
comme? a piece ( wood1 & !n !y tye bo? 8
 h&s "o to ano!r1 & hang him unto !     
sett+ ( ! ,sun4  ,beside1 ! orig9al ^w  
,hakany det]m9e? n ! d\bt4 ,= t by      
,lexicograph]s or ,diction>ie           
int]pret]s1 is r5dr$ susp5sion &        
crucifixion2 !re be+ no ,hebrew ^w      
peculi>ly & fully express+ ! prop] ^w ( 
crucifixion1 z x 0 us$ by ! ,romans2 nor
 easie to prove x ! cu/om ( ! ,jewi%    
,nation to nail !m by di/9ct p>ts unto a
 ,cross1 aft] ! mann] ( our ,,savi\r    
crucifi$3 :]e9 x 0 a special fav\r      
indulg$ unto ,joseph to take d[n !      
,body4  ,lipsius#g lets fall a good     
caution to take (f d\bts ab\t susp5sion 

deliv]$ by anci5t ,au?ors1 & also !     
ambigu\s s5ce (  among ! ,greeks4 ,tale 
apud ,lat9os ipsum susp5d]e1 quod 9     
crucem ref]5dum moneo juv5tutem1 z t    
also may be und]/ood ( ,s5eca4          
,latroc9ium fecit aliquis1 quid ergo    
m]uit8 ut susp5datur4 ,& ?is way (      
crucify+ he conceive? to h be5 9 g5]al  
use among ! ,romans1 until ! latt] daies
 ( ,con/ant9e1 :o 9 rev]5ce unto our    
,,savi\r abrogat$ t opprobri\s & infam\s
 way ( crucifixion4 ,:]eupon succe$$ !  
common & n[ practis$ way ( susp5sion4   
,b long be=e ?is abrogation ( ! ,cross1 
! ,jewi% ,nation _h kn[n ! true s5se (  
crucifixion2 :]e( no ,nation _h a %>p]  
appreh5sion1 :ile ,adrian crucifi$ five 
hundr$ ( !m e day1 until ,wood 0 want+ =
 t s]vice4 ,s t !y :i* _h no?+ b        
crucifie 9 _! m\?s1 7 !re) paid home 9  
_! own bodies3 ,e>ly suff]+ ! rew>d ( _!
 imprecations1 & prop]ly 9 ! same k9d4  
#g ,zipsias1 #afgb4                     
,,*apt] ,,xxii                          
,comp5di\sly ( _m que/ionable ,cu/oms1  

,op9ions1 ,pictures1 ,practices1 &      
,popul>                                 
,obs]vations4   ,sid5ote3 ,! gr\nd ( _m 
va9 obs]vations4  #a4 ,if an ,h>e cross 
! high way1 !re are few above ?reescore 
ye>s t are n p]plex$ !reat3 :i* not)/&+ 
is b an ,augurial t]ror1 accord+ to t   
receiv$ expression1 ,inauspicatum dat   
it] oblatus ,lepus4 ,& ! gr\nd ( !      
conceit 0 probably no great] ?an ?is1 t 
a fe>ful animal pass+ by u1 port5d$ unto
 u "s ?+ to be fe>$3 z ^u ! l           
consid]ation1 ! meet+ ( a ,fox presag$  
"s future impo/ure2 :i* 0 a sup]/iti\s  
obs]vation prohibit$ unto ! ,jews1 z is 
express$ 9 ! ,idolatry ( ,maimonides1 & 
is ref]r$ unto ! s9 ( an obs]v] (       
,=tunes1 or "o t abuse? ev5ts unto good 
or bad signs2 =bidd5 by ! ,law (        
,moses,,sn3 ,deut4 #ah42 :i* not)/&+    
sometimes succe$+1 accord+ to fe>s or   
desires1 h left impressions & tim]\s    
expectations 9 cr$ul\s m9ds = ev]4      
,sid5ote3 ,! ,emblem ( sup]/ition4  #b4 
,t ,owls & ,rav5s are om9\s appe>]s1 &  

pre-signify+ unlucky ev5ts1 z ,*ri/ians 
yet conceit1 0 also an ,augurial        
conception4 ,because _m ,rav5s 7 se5 :5 
,alex&] entr$ ,babylon1 !y 7 ?\ght to   
pre-om9ate 8 dea?2 & because an ,owl    
appe>$ be=e ! battle1 x presag$ ! ru9 ( 
,crassus4 ,:i* ?\gh decrepite           
sup]/itions1 & su* z _h _! nativity 9   
times beyond all hi/ory1 are fre% 9 !   
obs]vation ( _m heads1 & by ! cr$ul\s & 
fem99e p>ty /ill 9 "s ,maje/y among u4  
,& !re=e ! ,emblem ( ,sup]/ition 0 well 
set out by ,ripa,,sn3 ,iconologia de    
,cs>e ,ripa41 9 ! picture ( an ,owl1 an 
,h>e1 & an ,old ,woman4 ,& x no way     
confirme? ! ,augurial consid]ation1 t an
 ,owl is a =bidd5 food 9 ! ,law (       
,moses2 or t ,j]usalem 0 ?reatn$ by !   
,rav5 & ! ,owl1 9 t expression ( ,esay  
#cd4 ,t x %\ld be a c\rt = ,owls1 t !   
,cormorant & ! ,bitt]n %\ld possess x1 &
 ! ,owl & ! ,rav5 dwell 9 x4 ,= !reby 0 
only impli$ _! ensu+ desolation1 z is   
exp\nd$ 9 ! words succe$+2 ,he %all draw
 ^u x ! l9e ( confusion1 & ! /ones (    

empt9ess4  #c4 ,! fall+ ( ,salt is an   
au!ntick presagem5t ( ill luck1 nor c e 
temp] contemn x2 f :5ce not)/&+ no?+ c  
be naturally fe>$3 nor 0 ! same a g5]al 
progno/ick ( future evil among !        
,anci5ts1 b a p>ticul> om9ation conc]n+ 
! brea* ( fri5d%ip4 ,= ,salt z          
incorruptible1 0 ! ,symbole ( fri5d%ip1 
& be=e ! o!r s]vice 0 (f]$ unto _!      
gue/s2 :i* if x casually fell1 0 acc\nt$
 om9\s1 & _! amity ( no duration4 ,b    
:e!r ,salt 7 n only a ,symbole (        
fri5d%ip ) man1 b also a figure ( amity 
& reconciliation ) ,god1 & 0 !re=e      
obs]v$ 9 sacrifices1 is an high]        
speculation4  #d4 ,to break ! egg %ell  
aft] ! meat is out1 we are taught 9 our 
*ildhood1 & practise x all our lives2   
:i* nev]!less is b a sup]/iti\s relict1 
accord+ to ! judgm5t ( ,pl9y1 ,huc      
p]t9et ovorum1 ut exorbu]it quisq2      
calices prot9us frangi1 aut eosdem      
cocle>ibus p]=>i2 & ! int5t h]e( 0 to   
prev5t wit*craft2 = le/ wit*es %\ld draw
 or prick _! names !re91 & v5efici\sly  

mis*ief _! p]sons1 !y broke ! %ell1 z   
,dalecampius ha? obs]v$4  #e4 ,! true   
,lov]s knot is v mu* magnifi$1 & /ill   
reta9$ 9 pres5ts ( ,love among u2 :i*   
?\gh 9 all po9ts x do? n make out1 _h   
p]haps its orig9al f ! ,nodus           
,h]culanus1 or t :i* 0 call$ ,h]cules 8 
knot1 resembl+ ! snaky complication 9 ! 
caduceus or rod ( ,h]mes2 & 9 :i* =m !  
,zone or wooll5 girdle ( ! ,bride 0     
fa/n$1 z ,turnebus obs]ve? 9 8          
,adv]s>ia4  #f4 ,:5 our *eek burne? or  
e> t+le?1 we usually say t "s body is   
talk+ ( u1 :i* is an anci5t conceit1 &  
rank$ among sup]/iti\s op9ions by ,pl9y4
 ,abs5tes t9nitu aurium prs5tire s]mones
 de se receptum e/1 accord+ to t di/ick 
not$ by ,dalecampius4            ,g>rula
 quid totis resonas mihi noctibus auris8
           ,nescio quem dicis nunc      
mem9isse mei4  ,:i* is a conceit h>dly  
to be made out )\t ! concession ( a     
signify+ ,g5ius1 or univ]sal ,m]cury2   
conduct+ s\nds unto _! di/ant subjects1 
& tea*+ u to he> by t\*4  ,sid5ote3 ,!  

orig9al ( ! prov]b1 ,"u ! ,rose be x1   
etc4  #g4 ,:5 we desire to conf9e our   
words1 we commonly say !y are spok5 "u !
 ,rose2 :i* expression is comm5dable1 if
 ! ,rose f any natural prop]ty may be ! 
,symbole ( sil5ce1 z ,nazianz5e seems to
 imply 9 ^! translat$ v]ses3            
,utq2 latet ,rosa ,v]na suo putam9e     
clausa1           ,sic os v9cla f]at1   
validisq2 arctetur hab5is1              
,indicatq2 suis prolixa sil5tia labris3 
,& is also tol]able1 if by desir+ a     
secrecy to words spoke "u ! ,rose1 we   
only mean 9 society & compotation1 f !  
anci5t cu/om 9 ,symposiack meet+s1 to   
we> *aplets ( ,roses ab\t _! heads3 & s 
we condemn n ! ,g]man cu/om1 :i* ov] !  
,table describe? a ,rose 9 ! ciel+4 ,b m
 consid]able x is1 if ! orig9al 7 su* z 
,lemnius1 & o!rs h record$2 t ! ,rose 0 
! fl[] ( ,v5us1 :i* ,cupid consecrat$   
unto ,h>pocrates ! ,god ( sil5ce1 & 0   
!re=e an ,emblem !re(1 to conceal !     
pranks ( ,v5]y2 z is decl>$ 9 ?is       
,tetra/ick2            ,e/ ,rosa flos   

v5]is1 cujus quo facta lat]5t1          
,h>pocrati matris1 dona dicavit ,amor2  
,inde ,rosam m5sis hospes susp5dit      
,amicis4             ,conviv ut sub e   
dicta tac5da sciant4  #h4 ,t smoak do?  
foll[ ! faire/1 is an usual say+ ) u1 & 
9 _m p>ts ( ,europe2 :]e( al?\gh !re    
seem no natural gr\nd1 yet x is !       
cont9uation ( a v anci5t op9ion1 z      
,petrus ,victorius & ,causabon h obs]v$ 
f a passage 9 ,a!nu3 :]e9 a ,p>asite ?us
 describe? himself3            ,to e    
,table fir/ ,i come1           ,:5ce    
,porridge ,i am cal'd by "s3            
,a ,capaneus at ,/>es ,i am1            
,to ent] any ,room a ,ram2           ,l 
:ips & ?ongs to all ,i ply1           ,l
 smoake unto ! ,fair ,i fly4  #i4 ,to   
sit cross leg'd1 or ) our f+]s pect9at$ 
or %ut toge!r1 is acc\nt$ bad1 & fri5ds 
w p]swade u f x4 ,! same conceit        
religi\sly possess$ ! ,anci5ts1 z is    
obs]vable f ,pl9y4 ,poplites alt]nis    
g5ibus impon]e nefas olim2 & also f     
,a!nu1 t x 0 an old v5efici\s practice1 

& ,juno is made 9 ?is po/ure to h9d] !  
deliv]y ( ,alcm5a4 ,& !re=e1 z ,pi]ius  
obs]ve?1 9 ! ,m$al ( ,julia ,pia1 ! "r  
h& ( ,v5us 0 made ext5d$ ) ! inscription
 ( ,v5us1 ,g5etrix2 = ! complication or 
pect9ation ( ! f+]s 0 an ,hi]oglyphick (
 imp$im5t1 z 9 t place he decl>e?4  #aj4
 ,! set & /at>y times ( pair+ ( nails1 &
 cutt+ ( hair1 is ?\ght by _m a po9t (  
consid]ation2 :i* is p]haps b !         
cont9uation ( an anci5t sup]/ition4 ,=  
piacul\s x 0 unto ! ,romans to p>e _!   
nails ^u ! ,nund91 obs]v$ e n9? day2 & 0
 also fe>$ by o!rs 9 c]ta9 daies ( !    
week2 accord+ to t ( ,ausonius1 ,ungues 
,m]curio1 ,b>bam ,jove1 ,cypride ,cr9es2
 & 0 "o "p ( ! wick$ness t fill$ up !   
measure ( ,manasses1 :5 'tis deliv]$ t  
he obs]v$ times4 ,,sn3 #b ,*ron4 #cc4   
#aa4 ,a common fa%ion x is to n\ri% hair
 ^u ! m\ls ( ! face2 :i* is !           
p]petuation ( a v anci5t cu/om2 & ?\gh  
innoc5tly practis$ among u1 may h a     
sup]/iti\s orig9al1 accord+ to t (      
,pl9y1 ,nvos 9 facie tond]e religiosum  

hab5t nunc multi4 ,f ! l might proce$ ! 
fe>s ( pol+ ,elvelocks or complicat$    
hairs ( ! head1 & also ( locks long] ?an
 ! o!r hair2 !y be+ vot>y at fir/1 &    
d$icat$ ^u occasion2 pres]v$ ) great    
c>e1 & accord+ly e/eem$ by o!rs1 z      
appe>s by t ( ,apuleius1 ,adjuro p]     
dulcem capilli tui nodulum4  #ab4 ,a    
cu/om !re is 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe to    
adorn ,aqu$ucts1 sp\ts & ,ci/]ns )      
,lions heads3 :i* ?\gh no illaudable    
ornam5t1 is ( an ,egyptian g5ealogy1#h  
:o practis$ ! same "u a symbolical      
illation4 ,= because ! ,sun be+ 9 ,leo1 
! flood ( ,nilus 0 at ! full1 & wat]    
became convey$ into e "p1 !y made !     
sp\ts ( _! ,aqu$ucts ?r\gh ! head ( a   
,lion4 ,& ^u "s cle/ial respects x is n 
improbable ! great ,mogul or ,indian ,k+
 do? be> = 8 ,arms a ,lion & ! ,sun4    
#h g5eologie1 #afeh1 #affi1 g5eology1   
#afgb4  ,sid5ote3 ,symbolical           
significations ( ! girdle4  #ac4 ,_m    
conceive !re is some:at amiss1 & t z we 
usually say1 !y are unble/ until !y put 

on _! girdle4 ,:]e9 7al?\gh mo/ "k n :at
 !y say7 !re are involv$ unkn[n         
consid]ations4 ,= by a girdle or c9cture
 are symbolically impli$ ,tru?1         
,resolution1 & ,read9ess unto action1   
:i* are p>ts & v]tues requir$ 9 ! s]vice
 ( ,god4 ,accord+ :]eto we f9d t !      
,israelites did eat ! ,pas*al ,lamb ) _!
 lo9s gird$2 & ! ,almighty *all5g+ ,job1
 bids him gird up 8 lo9s l a man4 ,s    
runne? ! expression ( ,pet]1 ,gird up ! 
lo9s ( y\r m9ds1 be sob] & hope to !    
end3 s ! high ,prie/ 0 girt ) ! girdle (
 f9e l9n53 s is x "p ( ! holy habit to h
 our l9es girt ab\t ) tru?2 & s is x    
also said conc]n+ our ,savi\r1          
,righte\sness %all be ! girdle ( 8 lo9s1
 & fai?fulness ! girdle ( 8 re9s4 ,,sn3 
,isa4 #aa4  ,moreov] by ! girdle1 ! he>t
 & p>ts :i* ,god requires are divid$ f !
 inf]ior & concupisc5tial organs2 imply+
 !reby a mem5to unto purification &     
cleanness ( he>t1 :i* is commonly d5i$ f
 ! concupisc5ce & affection ( ^? p>ts2 &
 !re=e unto ?is day ! ,jews d bless     

!mselves :5 !y put on _! zone or        
c9cture4 ,& ?us may we make out ! doctr9
 ( ,py?agoras1 to (f] sacrifice ) our   
feet nak$1 t is1 t our inf]i\r p>ts &   
f>!/ remov$ f reason might be free1 & ( 
no imp$im5t unto u4 ,?us ,a*illes1 ?\gh 
dipp$ 9 ,/yx1 yet hav+ 8 heel unt\*$ by 
t wat]2 al?\gh he 7 =tifi$ else:]e1 he 0
 sla9 9 t "p1 z only vuln]able 9 !      
inf]i\r & brutal "p ( ,man4 ,?is is t "p
 ( ,eve & h] po/]ity ! devil /ill do?   
bruise1 t is1 t "p ( ! s\l :i* adh]e?   
unto e>?1 & walks 9 ! pa?s !re(4 ,& 9   
?is secund>y & symbolical s5se x may be 
also und]/ood1 :5 ! ,prie/s 9 ! ,law    
wa%$ _! feet be=e ! sacrifice2 :5 our   
,savi\r wa%$ ! feet ( 8 ,disciples1 &   
said unto ,pet]1 ,if ,i wa% n ?y feet ?\
 ha/ no "p 9 me4 ,& ?us is x            
symbolically expla9able1 & implye?      
purification & cleanness1 :5 9 ! burnt  
(f]+s ! ,prie/ is comm&$ to wa% ! inw>ds
 & legs !re( 9 wat]2 & 9 ! peace &      
s9-(f]+s1 to burn ! two kidneys1 ! fat  
:i* is ab\t ! flanks1 & z we translate  

x1 ! ,caul above ! ,liv]4 ,b :e!r !     
,jews :5 !y bless$ !mselves1 _h any eye 
unto ! words ( ,j]emy,,sn3 ,j]4 #ac41   
:]e9 ,god makes !m 8 ,girdle2 or _h !re9
 any ref]5ce unto ! ,girdle1 :i* !      
,prophet 0 comm&$ to hide 9 ! hole ( !  
rock ( ,euphrates1 & :i* 0 ! type ( _!  
captivity1 we leave unto high]          
conjecture4  ,sid5ote3 ,c]ta9 ,h]eticks 
:o ascrib$ humane figure unto ,god1 aft]
 :i* !y conceiv$ he creat$ man 9 8      
lik5ess4  #ad4 ,! ,picture ( ! ,creator1
 or ,god ! ,fa!r 9 ! %ape ( an old ,man1
 is a dang]\s piece1 & 9 ?is ,fecundity 
( sects may revive ! ,an?ropomorphites4 
,:i* al?\gh ma9ta9$ f ! expression (    
,daniel1 ,i beheld :]e ! ,anci5t ( dayes
 did sit1 ^: hair ( 8 head 0 l ! pure   
wool2 yet may x be also d]ivative f !   
,hi]oglyphical description ( ! gyptians2
 :o to express _! ,eneph1 or ,creator ( 
! _w1 describ$ an old man 9 a blew      
mantle1 ) an egg 9 8 m\?2 :i* 0 !       
,emblem ( ! _w4 ,surely ^? hea!ns1 t    
not)/&+ ! exempl>y advantage 9 heav51   

w\ld endure no pictures ( ,sun or ,moon1
 z be+ visible unto all ! _w1 & ne$+ no 
repres5tation2 d evid5tly accuse !      
practice ( ^? p5cils1 t w describe      
invisibles4 ,& he t *all5g$ ! bolde/ h& 
unto ! picture ( an ,e*o1 mu/ laugh at  
?is attempt1 n only 9 ! description (   
invisibility1 b circumscription (       
,ubiquity1 & fet*+ "u l9es              
incompreh5sible circul>ity4  ,!         
,pictures ( ! gyptians 7 m tol]able1 & 9
 _! sacr$ lett]s m v5iably express$ !   
appreh5sion ( ,div9ity4 ,= ?\gh !y      
impli$ ! same by an eye ^u a ,scept]1 by
 an gles head1 a ,crocodile1 & ! l3 yet 
did ^! manual descriptions pret5d no    
corporal repres5tations2 nor c\ld ! p   
misconceive ! same unto real            
correspond5cies4 ,s ?\gh ! ,*]ub c>ri$  
"s appreh5sion ( ,div9ity1 yet 0 x n    
conceiv$ to be ! %ape !re(3 & s p]haps  
because x is metaphorically pr$icat$ (  
,god1 t he is a consum+ fire1 he may be 
h>mlessly describ$ by a flam+           
repres5tation2 ,yet if1 z "s w h x1 all 

m$iocrity ( folly is fooli%1 & because  
an unrequitable evil may ensue1 an      
indiff]5t conv5i5ce mu/ be omitt$2 we   
%all n urge su* repres5tm5ts2 we c\ld   
sp>e ! holy ,lamb = ! picture ( our     
,savi\r1 & ! ,dove or fi]y ,tongues to  
repres5t ! holy ,gho/4  #ae4 ,! ,sun &  
,moon are usually describ$ ) humane     
faces2 :e!r h]e9 !re be n a ,pagan      
imitation1 & ^? visages at fir/ impli$  
,apollo & ,diana1 we may make "s d\bt2 &
 we f9d ! /atua ( ! ,sun 0 fram$ ) raies
 ab\t ! head1 :i* 7 ! indicidu\s &      
un%av5 locks ( ,apollo4 ,we %\ld be too 
,iconomical ,,sn3 ,or qu>relsom )       
,pictures4 to "q ! pictures ( ! w9ds1 z 
commonly drawn 9 humane heads1 & ) _!   
*eeks di/5d$2 :i* not)/&+ we f9d        
condemn$ by ,m9utius1 z answ]+ poetical 
fancies1 & ! g5tile description ( olus1 
,boreas1 & ! feign$ ,deities ( w9ds4    
#af4 ,we %all n1 ,i hope1 disp>age !    
,resurrection ( our ,r$eem]1 if we say !
 ,sun do? n dance on ,ea/] day4 ,& ?\gh 
we w\ld will+ly ass5t unto any          

sympa!tical exultation1 yet _c conceive 
!re9 any m ?an a ,tropical expression4  
,:e!r any su* motion !re 7 9 t day :]e9 
,*ri/ aris$1 ,scripture ha? n reveal$1  
:i* ha? be5 punctual 9 o!r records      
conc]n+ sol>y miracles3 & ! ,areopagite 
,,sn3 ,dion4 ,ep4 #g4 a4 ad ,polic>4 et 
,pet4 ,hall n4 9 vit4 ,s4 ,dionys4 t 0  
amaz$ at ! ,eclipse1 took no notice (   
?is4 ,& if metaphorical expressions g s 
f>1 we may be bold to affirm1 n only t  
"o ,sun danc$1 b two arose t day3 ,t    
light appe>$ at 8 nativity1 & d>kness at
 8 dea?1 & yet a light at bo?2 = ev5 t  
d>kness 0 a light unto ! ,g5tiles1      
illum9at$ by t obscurity4 ,t 'twas !    
fir/ "t ! ,sun set above ! ,horizon2 t  
al?\gh !re 7 d>kness above ! e>?1 !re 0 
light b5ea? x1 nor d>e we say t hell 0  
d>k if he 7 9 x4  #ag4 ,great conceits  
are rais$ ( ! involution or membran\s   
cov]+1 commonly call$ ! ,silly-h[1 t    
sometimes is f\nd ab\t ! heads ( *ildr5 
^u _! bir?2 & is !re=e pres]v$ ) great  
c>e1 n only z m$ical 9 diseases1 b      

effectual 9 success1 conc]n+ ! ,infant &
 o!rs2 :i* is surely no m ?an a cont9u$ 
sup]/ition4 ,= h]e( we read 9 ! life (  
,anton9us deliv]$ by ,sp>tianus1 t      
*ildr5 are born sometimes ) ?is natural 
cap2 :i* ,midwives 7 wont to sell unto  
cr$ul\s ,lawy]s1 :o _h an op9ion x      
advantag$ _! promotion4  ,b to speak    
/rictly1 ! effect is natural1 & ?us may 
be conceiv$3 ,animal conceptions h      
l>gely tak5 ?ree tegum5ts1 or membran\s 
films :i* cov] !m 9 ! womb1 t is1 !     
,corion1 ,amnios1 & ,allantois2 !       
,corion is ! outw>d membrance :]e9 are  
implant$ ! ,ve9s1 ,art]ies & umbilical  
vessels1 :]eby its n\ri%m5t is convey$3 
! ,allantois a ?9 coat seat$ "u !       
,corion1 :]e9 are receiv$ ! wat]y       
sep>ations convey$ by ! ,ura*us1 t !    
acrimony !re( %\ld n (f5d ! sk94 ,,sn3  
,de =mato ftu4 ,! ,amnios is a g5]al    
inve/m5t1 conta9+ ! sudorus or ?9       
s]osity p]spirable ?r\gh ! sk94 ,n[ ab\t
 ! "t :5 ! ,infant breake? ^! cov]+s1 x 
sometimes c>rie? ) x ab\t ! head a "p ( 

! ,amnios or ne>e/ coat2 :i* sai?       
,spiegelius1 ei!r proce$e? f ! t\ghness 
( ! membrance or weakness ( ! ,infant t 
_c get cle> !re(4 ,& !re=e h]e9         
significations are natural & conclud+ ^u
 ! ,infant1 b n to be ext5d$ unto       
magical signalities1 or any o!r p]son4  
#ah4 ,t 'tis good to be drunk once a    
mone?1 is a common flatt]y ( s5suality1 
support+ x self ^u ,physick1 & !        
heal?ful effects ( inebriation4 ,?is    
inde$ seems pla9ly affirm$ by ,avic5na1 
a ,physitian ( great au?ority1 & ^:     
religion prohibit+ ,w9e1 c\ld less      
ext5uate ebriety4 ,b ,av]roes a man ( 8 
own fai? 0 ( ano!r belief2 re/ra9+ 8    
ebriety unto hil>ity1 & 9 effect mak+ no
 m !re( ?an ,s5eca comm5de?1 & 0        
all[able 9 ,cato2 t is1 a sob]          
incalesc5ce & regulat$ /uation f w9e2 or
 :at may be conceiv$ betwe5 ,joseph & 8 
bre?r51 :5 ! text expresse? !y 7 m]ry1  
or drank l>gely1 & :]eby inde$ !        
commodities set d[n by ,avic5na1 t is1  
alleviation ( spirits1 resolution (     

sup]fluities1 provocation ( sweat & ur9e
 may also ensue4 ,b z = dem5tation1     
sopition ( reason1 & ! div9] p>ticle f  
dr9k2 ?\gh ,am]ican religion approve1 & 
,pagan piety ( old ha? practis$ x1 ev5  
at _! sacrifices2 ,*ri/ian morality & ! 
doctr9e ( ,*ri/ w n all[4 ,& surely t   
religion :i* excuse? ! fact ( ,noah1 9 !
 ag$ surprizal ( six hundr$ ye>s1 &     
unexpect$ inebriation f ! unkn[n effects
 ( w9e1 w nei!r acquit ebriosity nor    
ebriety1 9 _! kn[n & int5d$ p]v]sions4  
,& inde$1 al?\gh sometimes effects      
succe$ :i* may relieve ! body1 yet if !y
 c>ry mis*ief or p]il unto ! s\l1 we are
 !re9 re/ra9able by ,div9ity1 :i*       
circumscribe? ,physick1 &               
circum/antially det]m9es ! use !re(4 ,f 
natural consid]ations1 ,physick comm5de?
 ! use ( v5]y2 & happily1 ince/1        
adult]y1 or /upration may prove z       
,physically advantagi\s1 z conjugal     
copulation2 :i* not)/&+ mu/ n be drawn  
into practise4 ,& truly effects1        
consequ5ts1 or ev5ts :i* we comm5d1     

arise (t-times f wayes :i* we all       
condemn4 ,?us f ! fact ( ,lot1 we d]ive 
! g5]ation ( ,ru?1 & bless$ ,nativity ( 
our ,savi\r2 :i* not)/&+ did n ext5uate 
! ince/u\s ebriety ( ! g5]ator4 ,& if1 z
 is commonly urg$1 we ?9k to ext5uate   
ebriety f ! b5efit ( vomit (t succe$+1  
,egyptian sobriety w condemn u1 :i*     
purg$ bo? wayes twice a mone?1 )\t ?is  
p]turbation3 & we fooli%ly contemn !    
lib]al h& ( ,god1 & ample field (       
m$ic9es :i* sobriety produce t action4  
,sid5ote3 ,:y ! devil is commonly said  
to appe> ) a clov5 foot4  #ai4 ,a       
conceit !re is1 t ! ,devil commonly     
appe>e? ) a clov5 ho(2 :]e9 al?\gh x    
seem excessively ridicul\s1 !re may be  
some:at ( tru?2 & ! gr\nd !re( at fir/  
might be 8 frequ5t appe>+ 9 ! %ape ( a  
,goat1 :i* answ]s t description4 ,?is 0 
! op9ion ( anci5t ,*ri/ians conc]n+ !   
app>ition ( ,panites1 ,fauns & ,satyres2
 & 9 ?is =m we read ( "o t appe>$ unto  
,antony 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! same is also  
cont9u$ f expositions ( holy ,scripture2

 = :]eas x is said1 ,,sn3 ,levit4 #ag4  
,?\ %alt n (f] unto ,devils1 ! ,orig9al 
^w is ,seghnirim1 t is1 r\gh & hairy    
,goats1 because 9 t %ape ! ,devil mo/   
(t5 appe>$2 z is exp\nd$ by ! ,rabb9s1 z
 ,tremellius ha? also expla9$2 & z ! ^w 
,ascimah1 ! god ( ,ema? is by "s        
conceiv$4 ,nor did he only assume ?is   
%ape 9 eld] times1 b commonly 9 lat]    
dayes1 especially 9 ! place ( 8 wor%ip1 
if !re be any tru? 9 ! confession (     
,wit*es1 & z 9 _m /ories x /&s confirm$ 
by ,bod9us,,sn3 ,9 8 ,dmonomania44 ,&   
!re=e a ,goat is n improp]ly made !     
,hi]oglyphick ( ! devil1 z ,pi]ius ha?  
express$ x4 ,s might x be ! ,emblem (   
s91 z x 0 9 ! s9-(f]+2 & s likewise (   
wick$ & s9ful m51 accord+ to !          
expression ( ,scripture 9 ! me?od ( !   
la/ di/ribution2 :5 our ,savi\r %all    
sep>ate ! ,%eep f ! ,goats1 t is1 !     
,sons ( ! ,lamb f ! *ildr5 ( ! devil4   
,,*apt] ,,xxiii                         
,( "s o!rs4   #a4 ,t temp]am5tal        
dignotions1 & conjecture ( preval5t     

hum\rs1 may be collect$ f spots 9 our   
nails1 we are n av]se to conc$e4 ,b yet 
n ready to admit sundry div9ations1     
vulg>ly rais$ ^u !m4 ,nor d we obs]ve x 
v]ifi$ 9 o!rs1 :at ,c>dan,,sn3 ,de      
v>ietate r]um4 discov]$ z a prop]ty 9   
himself3 to h f\nd !re9 "s signs ( mo/  
ev5ts t ev] happ5$ unto him4 ,or t !re  
is mu* consid]able 9 t doctr9e (        
,*eiromancy1 t spots 9 ! top ( ! nails d
 signifie ?+s pa/2 9 ! middle1 ?+s      
pres5t2 & at ! bottom1 ev5ts to come4 ,t
 :ite specks presage our felicity1 blew 
ones our mis=tunes4 ,t ^? 9 ! nail ( !  
?umb h significations ( hon\r1 ^? 9 !   
=ef+]1 ( ri*es1 & s respectively 9 o!r  
f+]s1 7accord+ to ,planetical relations1
 f :5ce !y receive _! names7 z          
,tricassus ha? tak5 up1 &               
,picciolus,,sn3 ,de inspectione manus4  
well rejecte?4  ,we %all n proce$ to    
qu]ie1 :at tru? !re is 9 ,palmi/ry1 or  
div9ation f ^? l9es 9 our h&s1 ( high   
d5om9ation4 ,al?\gh if any ?+ be !re91 x
 seems n conf9able unto man2 b o!r      

creatures are also consid]able2 z is !  
=e-foot ( ! ,moll1 & especially ( !     
,monkey2 :]e9 we h obs]v$ ! table l9e1 t
 ( life1 & ( ! liv]4  #b4 ,t ,*ildr5    
committ$ unto ! s*ool ( ,nature1 )\t    
in/itution w\ld naturally speak !       
primitive language ( ! _w1 0 ! op9ion ( 
anci5t hea!ns1 & cont9u$ s9ce by        
,*ri/ians3 :o w h x our ,hebrew tongue1 
z be+ ! language ( ,adam4 ,t ?is 7 true1
 7 mu* to be desir$1 n only = ! easie   
atta9m5t ( t useful tongue1 b to det]m9e
 ! true & primitive ,hebrew4 ,= :e!r !  
pres5t ,hebrew1 be ! unconf\nd$ language
 ( ,babel1 & t :i* rema9+ 9 ,heb] 0     
cont9u$ by ,abraham & 8 po/]ity1 or r ! 
language ( ,phnicia & ,canaan1 :]e9 he  
liv$1 "s le>n$ m5 ,i p]ceive d yet rema9
 unsatisfi$4 ,al?\gh ,i confess         
probability /&s faire/ = ! =m]3 nor are 
!y )\t all reason1 :o ?9k t at !        
confusion ( tongues1 !re 0 no           
con/itution ( a new spee* 9 e family3 b 
a v>iation & p]mutation ( ! old2 out (  
"o common language rais+ sev]al         

,dialects3 ! primitive tongue rema9+    
/ill intire4 ,:i* !y :o reta9$1 might   
make a %ift to und]/& mo/ ( ! re/4 ,,sn3
 ,h[ ,abraham might und]/& ! language ( 
sev]al ,nations4 ,by v]tue :]e( 9 ^?    
primitive times & gre5] confusions1     
,abraham ( ! family ( ,heb] 0 able to   
conv]se ) ! ,*aldeans1 to und]/&        
,mesopotamians1 ,cananites1 ,phili/9s1 &
 ,egyptians3 ^: sev]al ,dialects he c\ld
 r$uce unto ! ,orig9al & primitive      
tongue1 & s be able to und]/& !m4  #c4  
,?\gh useless unto u1 & r ( mole/ation1 
we commonly refra9 f kill+ ,swall[s1 &  
e/eem x unlucky to de/roy !m3 :e!r h]e9 
!re be n a ,pagan relique1 we h "s      
reason to d\bt4 ,= we read 9 lian1 t ^! 
birds 7 sacr$ unto ! ,p5ates or h\%old  
gods ( ! anci5ts1 & !re=e 7 pres]v$4 ,! 
same !y also hon\r$ z ! nuncio's ( !    
spr+2 & we f9d 9 ,a!nu,,sn3 ,! same is  
extant 9 ! #h? ( ,a!nu4 t ! ,rhodians _h
 a solemn song to welcome 9 ! ,swall[4  
,sid5ote3 ,:y c&les may burn blew1 be=e 
! app>ition ( a _s4  #d4 ,t ,c&les &    

,lights burn dim & blew at app>ition (  
spirits1 may be true1 if ! ambi5t ayr be
 full ( sulphuri\s spirits1 z x happ5e? 
(t-times 9 m9es2 :]e damps & acide      
exhalations are able to ext+ui% !m4 ,&  
may be also v]ifi$1 :5 spirits d make   
!mselves visible by bodies ( su*        
effluviums4 ,b ( l[] consid]ation is !  
common =etell+ ( /rang]s1 f ! fung\s    
p>cels ab\t ! weeks ( ,c&les3 :i* only  
signifie? a moi/ & pluvi\s ayr ab\t !m1 
h9d]+ ! avolation ( ! light & favill\s  
p>ticles3 :]eupon !y are =c$ to settle  
^u ! ,sna/4  #e4 ,?\gh ,coral do?       
prop]ly pres]ve & fa/5 ! ,tee? 9 m51 yet
 is x us$ 9 ,*ildr5 to make an easi]    
passage = !m3 & = t int5t is worn ab\t  
_! necks4 ,b :e!r ?is cu/om 7 n         
sup]/iti\sly f\nd$1 z presum$ an amulet 
or def5sative aga9/ fasc9ation1 is n    
beyond all d\bt4 ,= ! same is deliv]$ by
 ,pl9y,,sn3 ,lib4 #cb44 ,aruspices      
religiosum ,coralli ge/am5 amoli5dis    
p]iculis arbitrantur2 et surculi infanti
 alligati1 tutelam hab]e cr$untur4  #f4 

,a /range k9d ( exploration & peculi>   
way ( ,rhabdomancy is t :i* is us$ 9    
m9]al discov]ies2 t is1 ) a =k$ hazel1  
commonly call$ ,moses 8 ,rod1 :i* freely
 held =?1 w /ir & play if any m9e be "u 
x4 ,& ?\gh _m !re are :o h attempt$ to  
make x good1 yet until bett] in=mation1 
we are ( op9ion ) ,agricola,,sn3 ,de re 
metallica1 lib4 #b41 t 9 x self x is a  
fruitless exploration1 /rongly sc5t+ (  
,pagan d]ivation1 & ! virgula ,div9a1   
prov]bially magnifi$ ( old4 ,! gr\nd    
:]e( 7 ! ,magical rods 9 ,poets t (     
,pallas 9 ,hom]1 t ( ,m]cury t *>m$     
,argus1 & t ( ,circe :i* trans=m$ !     
foll[]s ( ,ulysses4 ,too boldly usurp+ !
 "n ( ,moses rod1 f :i* not)/&+1 & t (  
,a>on1 7 probably occasion$ ! fables (  
all ! re/4 ,= t ( ,moses mu/ ne$s be    
fam\s unto ! gyptians2 & t ( ,a>on unto 
_m o!r ,nations1 z be+ pres]v$ 9 ! ,ark1
 until ! de/ruction ( ! ,temple built by
 ,solomon4  #g4 ,a practise !re is among
 u to det]m9e d\btful matt]s1 by ! op5+ 
( a book1 & lett+ fall a /aff2 :i*      

not)/&+ are anci5t fragm5ts ( ,pagan    
div9ations4 ,! fir/ an imitation (      
,sortes ,hom]ic2 or ,virgilian1 draw+   
det]m9ations f v]ses casually occurr+4  
,! same 0 practis$ by ,sev]us1 :o       
ent]ta9$ om9\s hopes ( ! ,empire1 f t   
v]se 9 ,virgil1 ,tu reg]e imp]io        
populos1 ,romane1 mem5to2 & ,cordianus  
:o reign$ b few dayes 0 disc\rag$ by    
ano!r1 t is1 ,o/5dunt t]ris hunc tantum 
fata1 nec ultra esse s9unt4 ,nor 0 ?is  
only p]=m$ 9 hea!n ,au?ors1 b ^u ! sacr$
 text ( ,scripture1 z ,gregorius        
,turon5sis ha? left "s acc\nt1 & z !    
practise ( ! ,emp]\r ,h]aclius1 be=e 8  
,exp$ition into ,asia m9or1 is deliv]$  
by ,c$r5us4  ,z = ! ,div9ation or       
decision f ! /aff2 x is an ,augurial    
relique1 & ! practise !re( is accus$ by 
,god himself2 ,,sn3 ,hosea #d4 ,my p ask
 c\nsel ( _! /ocks1 & _! /aff decl>e?   
unto !m4 ,( ?is k9d ( ,rhabdomancy 0 t  
practis$ by ,nabu*adonozor 9 t ,caldean 
miscellany1 deliv]$ by ,ezekiel,,sn3    
,ezek4 #bd42 ! k+ ( ,babylon /ood at !  

p>t+ ( ! way1 at ! head ( two wayes to  
use div9ation1 he made 8 arr[s bright1  
he consult$ ) ,images1 he look$ 9 !     
,liv]2 at ! "r h& 7 ! div9ations (      
,j]usalem4 ,t is1 z ,e/ius exp\nd$ x1 ! 
left way lead+ unto ,rabbah1 ! *ief     
,city ( ! ,ammonites1 & ! "r unto       
,j]usalem1 he consult$ ,idols &         
entrails1 he ?rew up a bundle ( arr[s to
 see :i* way !y w\ld light2 & fall+ on !
 "r h& he m>*$ t[>ds ,j]usalem4 ,a l way
 ( ,belomancy or ,div9ation by arr[s ha?
 be5 9 reque/ ) ,scy?ians1 ,alanes1     
,g]mans1 ) ! ,africans & ,turks (       
,algi]4 ,b ( ano!r nature 0 t :i* 0     
practis$ by ,eli%a,,sn3 #b ,k+4 #ac4ae41
 :5 by an arr[ %ot f an ,ea/]n w9d[1 he 
pre-signifi$ ! de/ruction ( ,syria2 or  
:5 accord+ unto ! ?ree /roaks ( ,joa%1 )
 an arr[ ^u ! gr\nd1 he =etold ! numb] (
 8 victories4 ,= !reby ! _s ( ,god      
p>ticul>'d ! same2 & det]m9$ ! /roaks ( 
! ,k+ unto ?ree1 :i* ! hopes ( !        
,prophet expect$ 9 twice t numb]4  #h4  
,we _c omit to obs]ve ! t5acity ( anci5t

 cu/oms1 9 ! nom9al obs]vation ( !      
sev]al dayes ( ! week1 accord+ to       
,g5tile & ,pagan appellations ,,sn3     
,dion4 ,cassii4 lib4 #cg43 = ! ,orig9al 
is v high1 & z old z ! anci5t gyptians1 
:o nam$ ! same accord+ to ! sev5        
,planets1 ! admir$ />s ( heav51 & reput$
 ,deities among !m4 ,unto e "o assign+ a
 sev]al day2 n accord+ to _! cle/ial    
ord]1 or z !y are dispos$ 9 heav52 b    
aft] a diatess]on or musical f\r?4 ,=   
beg9n+ ,saturday ) ,saturn1 ! supreme/  
,planet1 !y acc\nt$ by ,jupit] & ,m>s   
unto ,sol1 mak+ ,sunday4 ,f ,sol 9 l    
mann] by ,v5us & ,m]cury unto ,luna1    
mak+ ,munday2 & s ?r\gh all ! re/4 ,& ! 
same ord] !y confirm$ by numb]+ ! h\rs (
 ! day unto tw5ty f\r1 accord+ to !     
natural ord] ( ! ,planets4 ,= beg9n+ to 
acc\nt f ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 & s    
ab\t unto tw5ty f\r1 ! next day w fall  
unto ,sol2 :5ce acc\nt+ tw5ty f\r1 !    
next w happ5 unto ,luna1 mak+ ,munday4  
,& s ) ! re/1 accord+ to ! acc\nt & ord]
 obs]v$ /ill among u4  ,! ,jews !mselves

 9 _! ,a/rological consid]ations1       
conc]n+ ,nativities1 & ,planet>y h\rs1  
obs]ve ! same ord]1 ^u z witty          
f\ndations4 ,because by an equal        
int]val1 !y make sev5 triangles1 ! bases
 :]e( are ! sev5 sides ( a septilat]al  
figure1 describ$ )9 a circle4 ,t is1 ,if
 a figure ( sev5 sides be describ$ 9 a  
circle1 & at ! angles !re( ! names ( !  
,planets be plac$ 9 _! natural ord] on  
x3 if we beg9 ) ,saturn1 & successively 
draw l9es f angle to angle1 until sev5  
equicrural triangles be describ$1 ^:    
bases are ! sev5 sides ( ! septilat]al  
figure2 ! triangles w be made by ?is    
ord]4 ,! fir/ be+ made by ,saturn1 ,sol 
& ,luna1 t is1 ,saturday1 ,sunday1 &    
,munday2 & s ! re/ 9 ! ord] /ill reta9$4
 ,,sn3 ,cujus ,icon apud doct4 ,iaff>el4
 *ap4 #aa4 ,et ,fabrit4 ,paduantum4  ,b 
?us mu* is obs]vable1 t h[ev] 9 cle/ial 
consid]ations !y embrac$ ! receiv$ ord] 
( ! ,planets1 yet did !y n reta9 ei!r   
*>act]s1 or names 9 common use among/ u2
 b decl9+ humane d5om9ations1 !y assign$

 !m names f "s rem>kable qualities2 z is
 v obs]vable 9 _! r$ & spl5d5t ,planets1
 t is1 ( ,m>s ,,sn3 ,maadim4 & ,v5us4   
,,sn3 ,nogah4 ,b ! *ange ( _! names     
disp>ag$ n ! consid]ation ( _! natures2 
nor did !y !reby reject all memory ( ^! 
rem>kable ,/>s2 :i* ,god himself admitt$
 9 8 ,tab]nacle1 if conjecture w hold   
conc]n+ ! ,gold5 ,c&le/ick1 ^: %aft     
resembl$ ! ,sun1 & six bran*es !        
,planets ab\t x4  #i4 ,we are unwill+ to
 enl>ge conc]n+ _m o!r2 only ref]r+ unto
 sob] exam9ation1 :at natural effects c 
reasonably be expect$1 :5 to prev5t !   
,ephialtes or night-,m>e we hang up an  
holl[ /one 9 our /ables2 :5 = amulets   
aga9/ ,agues we use ! *ips ( ,gall[s &  
places ( execution4 ,:5 = ,w>ts we rub  
our h&s be=e ! ,moon1 or commit any     
maculat$ "p unto ! t\* ( ! dead4 ,:at   
tru? !re is 9 ^? common female          
,doctr9es1 t ! fir/ ,rib ( ,roa/ ,beef  
p[d]$ is a peculi> rem$y aga9/ ,fluxes4 
,t to ur9e ^u e>? newly ca/ up by a     
,moll1 br+e? d[n ! m5ses 9 ,wom54 ,t if 

a ,*ild die?1 & ! neck becomme? n /iff1 
b = _m h[]s rema9e? ,ly! & ,flaccid1 "s 
o!r 9 ! same h\se w dye n long aft]4 ,t 
if a woman ) *ild looke? ^u a dead body1
 h] *ild w be ( a pale complexion1 our  
le>n$ ,philosoph]s & critical           
,philosoph]s might illu/rate1 ^: exact] 
p]=mances our adv5tures d b solicite2   
mean :ile1 ,i hope1 !y w plausibly      
receive our attempts1 or c&idly correct 
our misconjectures4            ,disce1  
s$ ira cadat naso1 rugosaque sanna1     
,dum vet]es avias tibi de pulmone       
recello4                             ,,!
 ,,six? ,,book       ,( sundry common   
op9ions ,cosmographical & ,hi/orical    
,! fir/ ,disc\rse compreh5d$ 9 sev]al   
,*apt]s4                                
,,*apt] ,i      ,conc]n+ ! beg9n+ ( !   
,_w1 t ! "t !re( is n         precisely 
to be kn[n1 z m5 g5]ally suppose3 ,( m5s
         enquiries 9 :at season or po9t 
( ! ,zodiack x began4 ,t         z !y   
are g5]ally made !y are 9 va91 & z      
p>ticul>ly         appli$ unc]ta94 ,( ! 

division ( ! seasons & f\r              
qu>t]s ( ! ye>1 accord+ to ,a/ronom]s & 
,physitians4         ,t ! common compute
 ( ! ,anci5ts1 & :i* is yet             
reta9$ by mo/1 is unreasonable &        
errone\s4 ,( "s         ,div9ations &   
ridicul\s diductions f "o "p ( ! ye>    
to ano!r4 ,& ( ! ,provid5ce & ,wisdom ( 
,god 9 ! site         & motion ( ! ,sun4
  ,sid5ote3 ,! age ( ! _w n c]ta9ly     
det]m9able4  ,conc]n+ ! ,_w & its       
temporal circumscriptions1 :o ev] %all  
/rictly exam9e bo? extreams1 w easily   
p]ceive !re is n only obscurity 9 its   
end1 b its beg9n+2 t z its p]iod is     
inscrutable1 s is its nativity          
indet]m9able3 ,t z x is presumption to  
enquire aft] ! "o1 s is !re no re/ or   
satisfactory decision 9 ! o!r4 ,&       
h]eunto we %all m readily ass5t1 if we  
exam9e ! in=mations1 & take a view ( !  
sev]al difficulties 9 ?is po9t2 :i* we  
%all m easily d1 if we consid] ! diff]5t
 conceits ( m51 & duly p]p5d !          
imp]fections ( _! discov]ies4  ,& fir/1 

,! hi/ories ( ! ,g5tiles af=d u sl5d]   
satisfaction1 nor c !y relate any /ory1 
or affix a probable po9t to its beg9n+4 
,= "s !re( 7& ^? ( ! wise/ among/ !m7   
are s f> f det]m9+ its beg9n+1 t !y     
op9ion & ma9ta9 x nev] _h any at all2 z 
! doctr9 ( ,epicurus implie?1 & m       
positively ,ari/otle 9 8 books ,de ,clo 
decl>e?4 ,endeav\r+ to confirm x )      
argum5ts ( reason1 & ^? appe>+ly        
demon/rative2 :]e9 8 lab\rs are         
rational1 & uncontr\lable ^u ! gr\nds   
assum$1 t is1 ( ,physical g5]ation1 & a 
,prim>y or fir/ matt]1 beyond :i* no o!r
 h& 0 appreh5d$4 ,b h]e9 we rema9       
suffici5tly satisfi$ f ,moses1 & !      
,doctr9 deliv]$ ( ! ,creation2 t is1 a  
production ( all ?+s out ( no?+1 a      
=mation n only ( matt]1 b ( =m1 & a     
mat]iation ev5 ( matt] x self4  ,o!rs   
are s f> f def9+ ! ,orig9al ( ! ,_w or (
 mank9d1 t !y h held op9ions n only     
repugnant unto ,*ronology1 b            
,philosophy2 t is1 t !y _h _! beg9n+ 9 !
 soil :]e !y inhabit$2 assum+ or receiv+

 appellations con=mable unto su*        
conceits4 ,,sn3 ,:y ! ,a!nians did we> a
 gold5 ,insect ^u _! head4 ,s did !     
,a!nians1 t]m !mselves  or ,aborig9es1 &
 9 te/imony !re( did we> a gold5 ,insect
 on _! heads3 ! same "n is also giv5    
unto ! ,inl&]s1 or ,midl& inhabitants ( 
?is ,isl& by ,cs>4 ,b ?is is a conceit  
answ]able unto ! g5]ation ( ! ,giants2 n
 admittable 9 ,philosophy1 mu* less 9   
,div9ity1 :i* di/9ctly in=me? we are all
 ! se$ ( ,adam1 t ! :ole _w p]i%$ unto  
eight p]sons be=e ! flood1 & 0 aft]     
peopl$ by ! ,colonies ( ! sons ( ,noah4 
,!re 0 !re=e nev] any ,auto*?on1 or man 
aris+ f ! e>? b ,adam2 = ! ,woman be+   
=m$ out ( ! rib1 0 once remov$ f e>?1 & 
fram$ f t ,elem5t "u inc>nation4 ,& s   
al?\gh h] production 7 n by copulation1 
yet 0 x 9 a mann] sem9al3 ,= if 9 e "p f
 :5ce ! se$ do? fl[1 !re be conta9$ !   
,idea ( ! :ole2 !re 0 a sem9ality &     
contract$ ,adam 9 ! rib1 :i* by !       
in=mation ( a s\l1 0 individuat$ into   
,eve4 ,& !re=e ?is conceit appli$ unto !

 ,orig9al ( man1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 is m
 ju/ly appropriable unto its end4 ,= !n 
inde$ m5 %all rise out ( ! e>?3 ! graves
 %all %oot up _! conceal$ se$s1 & 9 t   
great ,autumn1 m5 %all spr+ up1 & awake 
f _! ,*aos aga94  ,o!rs h be5 s bl9d 9  
d$uc+ ! ,orig9al ( ?+s1 or deliv]+ _!   
own beg9n+s1 t :5 x ha? fall5 into      
controv]sie1 !y h n recurr$ unto        
,*ronologie or ! ,records ( "t3 b betak5
 !mselves unto probabilities1 & !       
conjecturalities ( ,philosophy4 ,?us :5 
! two anci5t ,nations1 ,egyptians &     
,scy?ians1 cont5d$ = antiquity1 !       
,egyptians plead$ _! antiquity f !      
f]tility ( _! soil1 ,,sn3 ,diodor4      
,ju/94 inf]r+ t m5 !re fir/ inhabit$1   
:]e !y 7 ) mo/ facility su/a9$2 & su* a 
l& did !y conceive 0 ,egypt4  ,!        
,scy?ians1 al?\gh a cold & heavi]       
,nation urg$ m acutely1 d$uc+ _!        
argum5ts f ! two active ,elem5ts &      
,pr9ciples ( all ?+s1 ,fire & ,wat]4 ,= 
if ( all ?+s !re 0 fir/ an union1 & t   
,fire ov]-rul$ ! re/3 surely t "p ( e>? 

:i* 0 colde/1 w\ld fir/ get free1 & af=d
 a place ( habitation4 ,b if all ! e>? 7
 fir/ involv$ 9 ,wat]1 ^? p>ts w\ld     
surely fir/ appe>1 :i* 7 mo/ high1 & (  
mo/ elevat$ situation1 & su* 0 !irs4 ,^!
 reasons c>ri$ inde$ ! antiquity f !    
,egyptians1 b confirm$ x n 9 !          
,scy?ians3 = z ,h]odotus relate? f      
,p>gitaus1 _! fir/ ,k+ unto ,d>ius1 !y  
acc\nt$ b two ?\s& ye>s4  ,sid5ote3 ,t  
m5 speak n by natural in/9ct1 b by      
in/ruction & imitation4  ,z = !         
,egyptians !y inv5t$ ano!r way ( trial2 
= z ! same ,au?or relate?1 ,psammiti*us 
_! ,k+ attempt$ ?is decision by a new & 
unkn[n exp]im5t1 br++ up two ,infants ) 
,goats1 & :]e !y nev] he>d ! voice (    
man2 conclud+ t to be ! anci5te/        
,nation1 ^: language !y %\ld fir/       
deliv]4 ,b h]e9 he =got t spee* 0 by    
in/ruction n in/9ct1 by imitation1 n by 
nature1 t m5 d speak 9 "s k9d b l       
,p>rets1 & z !y are in/ruct$1 t is1 9   
simple t]ms & words1 express+ ! op5     
notions ( ?+s2 :i* ! second act (       

,reason comp\nde? into propositions1 & !
 la/ into ,syllogisms & ,=ms (          
ratioc9ation4 ,& h[soev] ! acc\nt (     
,mane?on ! ,egyptian ,prie/ run v high1 
& x be evid5t t ,mizraim peopl$ t       
,c\ntry 7^: "n ) ! ,hebrews x be>e? unto
 ?is day7 & !re be _m ?+s ( great       
antiquity relat$ 9 ,holy ,scripture1 yet
 0 _! exact acc\nt n v anci5t2 =        
,ptolomy _! ,c\ntry-man beg9n+ 8        
,a/ronomical compute no high] ?an       
,nabonass]1 :o is conceiv$ by "s ! same 
) ,salmanass]4 ,z = ! argum5t d$uc$ f ! 
,f]tility ( ! soil1 duly enquir$1 x r   
ov]?r[e? ?an promote? _! antiquity2 if t
 ,c\ntry ^: ,f]tility !y s advance1 0 9 
anci5t times no firm or op5 l&1 b "s va/
 lake or "p ( ! ,sea1 & became a ga9$   
gr\nd by ! mud & lim\s matt] br\ght d[n 
by ! ,riv] ,nilus1 :i* setl$ by degrees 
into a firm l&4 ,accord+ z is express$  
by ,/rabo1 & m at l>ge by ,h]odotus1 bo?
 f ! ,egyptian tradition & probable     
inducem5ts f reason1 call$ !re=e fluvii 
donum1 an accession ( e>?1 or tract ( l&

 acquir$ by ! ,riv]4  ,la/ly1 ,"s inde$ 
!re are1 :o h kept ,records ( "t1 & a   
consid]able duration1 yet d ! exacte/   
!re( af=d no satisfaction conc]n+ !     
beg9n+ ( ! _w1 or any way po9t out ! "t 
( its creation4 ,! mo/ au!ntick ,records
 & be/ approv$ antiquity are ^? ( !     
,*aldeans2 yet 9 ! "t ( ,alex&] !       
,great1 !y atta9$ n s high z ! flood4 ,=
 z ,simplicius relate?1 ,ari/otle       
requir$ ( ,cali/h5es1 :o accompani$ t   
,wor?y 9 8 ,exp$ition1 t at 8 arrive at 
,babylon1 he w\ld enquire ( ! antiquity 
( _! ,records2 & ^? ^u compute he f\nd  
to am\nt unto #aijc ye>s2 :i* acc\nt    
not)/&+ arise? no high] ?an #ie ye>s    
aft] ! flood4 ,! ,arcadians ,i confess1 
7 e/eem$ ( great antiquity1 & x 0       
usually said !y 7 be=e ! ,moon1 accord+ 
unto t ( ,s5eca1 ,sydus po/ vet]es      
,arcades editum2 & t ( ,ovid1 ,lun g5s  
prior illa fuit4 ,b ?is z ,c5sor9us     
obs]ve?1 mu/ n be tak5 grosly1 z ?\gh !y
 7 exi/5t be=e t ,lum9>y2 b 7 s e/eem$1 
because !y obs]v$ a set c\rse ( ye>1    

be=e ! ,greeks con=m$ _! ye> unto !     
c\rse & motion ( ! ,moon4  ,?us !       
,hea!ns af=d+ no satisfaction h]e91 !y  
are mo/ likely to manife/ ?is tru?1 :o h
 be5 acqua9t$ ) ,holy ,scripture1 & !   
sacr$ ,*ronology deliv]$ by ,moses1 :o  
di/9ctly sets d[n ?is acc\nt1 comput+ by
 c]ta9 int]vails1 by memorable ras1     
,epo*es1 or t]ms ( "t4 ,z f ! ,creation 
unto ! flood1 f !nce unto ,abraham1 f   
,abraham unto ! dep>ture f ,egypt1 etc4 
,n[ 9 ?is numb] h only be5 ,sam>itans1  
,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,,sn3 ,diff]5t       
acc\nts ^u ,scripture conc]n+ ! ,age ( !
 ,_w4 ,= ! ,jews !y agree n 9 _!        
acc\nts1 z ,bod9e 9 8 me?od ( ,hi/ory   
ha? obs]v$ out ( ,baal ,s$]1 ,rabbi     
,nassom1 ,g]som1 & o!rs2 9 ^: compute ! 
age ( ! ,_w is n yet #edjj ye>s4 ,! same
 is m evid5tly obs]vable f ! two mo/    
le>n$ ,jews1 ,philo & ,josephus2 :o v   
mu* diff] 9 ! acc\nts ( "t1 & v>i\sly   
sum up ^! ,int]vails ass5t$ unto by all4
 ,?us ,philo f ! dep>ture out ( ,egypt  
unto ! build+ ( ! ,temple1 acc\nts b    

#ibj ye>s1 b ,josephus sets d[n #ajfb4  
,philo f ! build+ ( ! ,temple to its    
de/ruction #ddj4 ,josephus #dgj4 ,philo 
f ! ,creation to ! ,de/ruction ( !      
,temple #ccgc1 b ,josephus #ceac4 ,philo
 f ! ,deluge to ! ,de/ruction ( !       
,temple #agah1 b ,josephus #aiac4 ,9 :i*
 ,computes !re are manife/ disp>ities1 &
 su* z mu* divide ! concordance & h>mony
 ( times4  ,= ! ,sam>itans2 _! acc\nt is
 diff]5t f ^! or any o!rs2 = !y acc\nt f
 ! ,creation to ! ,deluge1 b #acjb ye>s2
 :i* come? to pass ^u ! diff]5t acc\nt (
 ! ages ( ! ,patri>ks set d[n :5 !y     
begat *ildr54 ,= :]eas ! ,hebrew1 ,greek
 & ,lat9 texts acc\nt ,j>$ #afb :5 he   
begat ,eno*1 !y acc\nt b #fb1 & s 9     
o!rs4 ,n[ ! ,sam>itans 7 no incompet5t  
,judges ( times & ! ,*ronology !re(2 =  
!y embrac$ ! five books ( ,moses1 & z x 
seeme?1 pres]v$ ! ,text ) f> m integrity
 !n ! ,jews2 :o z ,t]tullian1 ,*ryso/om1
 & o!rs obs]ve1 did sev]al wayes corrupt
 ! same1 especially 9 passages conc]n+ !
 prophesies ( ,*ri/2 ,s t z ,j]om       

pr(esse?1 9 8 translation he 0 fa9      
sometime to relieve himself by !        
,sam>itan ,p5tateu*2 z among/ o!rs 9 t  
,text1 ,deut]onomy #bg4 ,mal$ictus omnis
 qui non p]mans]it 9 omnibus qu scripta 
sunt 9 libro ,legis4 ,f h5ce ,sa9t ,paul
 ,,sn3 ,gal4 #c4 inf]re? !re is no      
ju/ification by ! ,law1 & urge? ! ,text 
accord+ to ! ,septuag9t4 ,n[ ! ,jews to 
af=d a latitude unto !mselves1 9 _!     
copies expung$ ! ^w  or                 
,syncategorematical t]m omnis3 :]e9 lie?
 ! /r5g? ( ! ,law1 & ( ! ,apo/les       
argum5t2 b ! ,sam>itan ,bible reta9$ x  
"r1 & answ]able unto :at ! ,apo/le _h   
urg$4  ,z = ,*ri/ians f :om we %\ld     
expect ! exacte/ & mo/ concurr+ acc\nt1 
!re is also 9 !m a manife/ disagreem5t1 
& su* z is n easily reconcil$4 ,= fir/1 
! ,lat9s accord n 9 _! acc\nt3 to omit !
 calculation ( ! ,anci5ts1 ( ,au/91     
,b$e1 & o!rs1 ! ,*ronology ( ! ,mod]ns  
do? manife/ly diss5t4 ,josephus         
,scalig]1 :om ,helvicus seems to foll[1 
acc\nts ! ,creation 9 #gfe ( ! ,julian  

p]iod2 & f !nce unto ! ,nativity ( our  
,savi\r all[e? #cidg ye>s2 b ,dionysius 
,petavius a le>n$ ,*ronolog] diss5te? f 
?is compute almo/ #dj ye>s2 plac+ !     
,creation 9 ! #gcj ( ! ,julian p]iod1 & 
f !nce unto ! ,inc>nation acc\nte? #cihc
 ye>s4  ,= ! ,greeks2 _! acc\nts are m  
anomal\s3 = if we recur unto anci5t     
computes1 we %all f9d t ,clem5s         
,alex&r9us1 an anci5t ,fa!r & ,prceptor 
unto ,orig51 acc\nt$ f ! ,creation unto 
our ,savi\r1 #effd ye>s2 = 9 ! fir/ ( 8 
,/romaticks1 he collecte? ! "t f ,adam  
unto ! dea? ( ,commodus to be #eheh     
ye>s2 n[ ! dea? ( ,commodus he place? 9 
! ye> aft] ,*ri/ #aid1 :i* numb] d$uct$ 
f ! =m]1 !re rema9e? #effd4 ,!ophilus   
,bi%op ( ,antio* acc\nte? unto !        
,nativity ( ,*ri/ #eeae1 d$uceable f ! l
 way ( compute1 = 9 8 fir/ book ad      
,autoly*um1 he acc\nte? f ,adam unto    
,aurelius ,v]us #efie ye>s2 n[ t ,emp]\r
 di$ 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #ahj1 :i* d$uct$ 
f ! =m] sum1 !re rema9e? #eeae4 ,julius 
,africanus1 an anci5t ,*ronolog]1       

acc\nte? some:at less1 t is1 #eejj4     
,eusebius1 ,orosius & o!rs diss5t n mu* 
f ?is1 b all exce$ five ?\s&4  ,! latt] 
compute ( ! ,greeks1 z ,petavius        
obs]ve?1 ha? be5 r$uc$ unto two or ?ree 
acc\nts4 ,! fir/ acc\nts unto our       
,savi\r #eeja1 & ?is ha? be5 obs]v$ by  
,nicephorus1 ,!ophanes1 & ,maximus4     
,,sn3 ,by :at acc\nt ! _w ha? la/$ #gaed
 ye>s4 ,! o!r acc\nts #eeji2 & ?is ( all
 at pres5t is g5]ally receiv$ by ! ,*ur*
 ( ,con/ant9ople1 obs]v$ also by !      
,moscovite1 z ,i h se5 9 ! date ( !     
,emp]ors lett]s2 :]e9 ?is ye> ( ours    
#afde is f ! ye> ( ! _w #gaed1 :i* do?  
exactly agree unto ?is la/ acc\nt #eeji1
 = if unto t sum be add$ #afde1 !       
product w be #gaed1 by ?is ,*ronology   
are _m ,greek ,au?ors to be und]/ood2 & 
?us is ,m>t9us ,crusius to be made out1 
:5 9 8 ,turcogrecian hi/ory he deliv]s1 
! ,city ( ,con/ant9ople 0 tak5 by !     
,turks 9 ! ye> 2 t is1 #fifa4 ,n[       
accord+ unto ^! ,*ronologi/s1 !         
,prophecy ( ,elias ! ,rabb91 s mu* 9    

reque/ ) ! ,jews1 & 9 "s cr$it also )   
,*ri/ians1 t ! _w %\ld la/ b six ?\s&   
ye>s2 unto ^! ,i say1 x ha? be5 long &  
out ( memory disprov$1 = ! ,sabbatical &
 #gjjj ye> :]e9 ! _w %\ld end 7z did !  
,creation on ! sev5? day7 unto !m is    
long ago expir$2 !y are proce$+ 9 !     
eight ?\s& ye>1 & numb]s exce$+ ^? days 
:i* m5 h made ! types & %ad[s ( ^!4 ,b  
c]ta9ly :at ,m>cus ,leo ! ,jew conceive?
 ( ! end ( ! heav5s1 exce$e? ! acc\nt ( 
all t ev] %all be2 = ?\gh he conceive? !
 ,elem5tal frame %all end 9 ! ,sev5? or 
,sabbatical ,mill5>y1 yet _c he op9ion !
 heav5s & m durable "p ( ! ,creation    
%all p]i% be=e sev5 times sev51 or #di1 
t is1 ! ,quadrant ( ! o!r sev51 & p]fect
 ,jubilee ( ?\s&s4  ,?us may we obs]ve !
 diff]5ce & wide diss5t ( m5s op9ions1 &
 !reby ! great inc]ta9ty 9 ?is          
e/abli%m5t4 ,! ,hebrews n only diss5t+ f
 ! ,sam>itans1 ! ,lat9s f ! ,greeks1 b e
 "o f ano!r4 ,insomu* t all c be 9 ! "r 
x is impossible2 t any "o is s1 n )     
assurance det]m9able4 ,& !re=e z        

,petavius confesse?1 to effect ! same   
exactly )\t inspiration x is impossible1
 & beyond ! ,ari?metick ( any b ,god    
himself4 ,& !re=e also :at satisfaction 
may be obta9$ f ^? viol5t disputes1 &   
eag] enquir]s 9 :at day ( ! mon? ! _w   
began ei!r ( ,m>* or ,octob]2 likewise 9
 :at face or position ( ! ,moon1 :e!r at
 ! prime or full1 or soon aft]1 let our 
second & s]i\s consid]ations det]m9e4   
,sid5ote3 ,! cause ( s diff]5t acc\nts  
ab\t ! age ( ! _w4  ,n[ ! reason & gr\nd
 ( ?is diss5t1 is ! unhappy diff]5ce    
betwe5 ! ,greek & ,hebrew ,editions ( ! 
,bible1 = unto ^! two ,languages h all  
translations con=m$2 ! holy ,scripture  
be+ fir/ deliv]$ 9 ,hebrew1 & fir/      
translat$ into ,greek4 ,= ! ,hebrew2 x  
seems ! primitive & sure/ text to rely  
on1 & to pres]ve ! same entire &        
uncorrupt !re ha? be5 us$ ! highe/      
caution humanity c\ld inv5t4 ,= z ,r4   
,b54 ,maimon ha? decl>$1 if 9 ! copy+   
!re( "o lett] 7 writt5 twice1 or if "o  
lett] b t\*$ ano!r1 t copy 0 n admitt$  

into _! ,synagogues1 b only all[able to 
be read 9 ,s*ools & private families4   
,nei!r 7 !y c>eful only 9 ! exact numb] 
( _! ,sections ( ! ,law1 b _h also !    
curiosity to numb] e ^w1 & affix$ !     
acc\nt unto _! sev]al books4 ,,sn3      
,corruption ev5 9 ! ,hebrew ,text ( !   
,bible4 ,not)/&+ all :i*1 div]s         
corruptions ensu$1 & sev]al depravations
 slipt 91 aris+ f _m & manife/ gr\nds1 z
 ha? be5 exactly not$ by ,mor9us 9 8    
preface unto ! ,septuag9t4  ,z = !      
,septuag9t1 x is ! fir/ & mo/ anci5t    
,translation2 & ( great] antiquity ?an !
 ,*aldee v]sion2 occasion$ by ! reque/ (
 ,ptolomeus ,philadelphus1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1
 = ! ornam5t ( 8 memorable ,libr>y2 unto
 :om ! high ,prie/ address$ six ,jews   
out ( e ,tribe1 :i* am\nte? unto #gb2 & 
by ^! 0 effect$ t ,translation we       
usually t]m ! ,septuag9t1 or            
,translation ( sev5ty4 ,,sn3 ,! ,cr$it (
 ! ,septuag9t translation4 ,:i* "n1     
h[ev] x obta9 f ! numb] ( _! p]sons1 yet
 9 respect ( "o common ,_s1 x 0 !       

,translation b z x 7 ( "o man2 if z !   
/ory relate?1 al?\gh !y 7 set ap>t &    
sev]$ f ea* o!r1 yet 7 _! ,translations 
f\nd to agree 9 e po9t1 accord+ z is    
relat$ by ,philo & ,josephus2 al?\gh we 
f9d n ! same 9 ,ari/z ,sid5ote3 ,ari/eas
 ad ,philocratorem de #gb int]pretibus41
 :o ha? expresly treat$ !re(4 ,b ( !    
,greek compute !re h pass$ "s le>n$     
diss]tations n _m ye>s ago1 :]e9 ! le>n$
 ,isacius ,vossius makes ! nativity ( ! 
_w to anticipate ! common acc\nt "o ?\s&
 f\r hundr$ & =ty ye>s4  ,?is           
,translation 9 anci5t times 0 ( great   
au?ority1 by ?is _m ( ! ,hea!ns receiv$ 
"s notions ( ! ,creation & ! mighty     
works ( ,god2 ,?is 9 express t]ms is (t5
 foll[$ by ! ,evangeli/s1 by ! ,apo/les1
 & by our ,savi\r himself 9 ! quotations
 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,?is = _m ye>s 0 us$
 by ! ,jews !mselves1 t is1 su* z did   
,hell5ize & disp]s$ly dwelt out (       
,pale/9e ) ! ,greeks2 & ?is also !      
succe$+ ,*ri/ians & anci5t ,fa!rs       
obs]v$2 al?\gh !re succe$$ o!r ,greek   

v]sions1 t is1 ( ,aquila1 ,!odosius &   
,symma*us2 = ! ,lat9 translation (      
,j]om1 call$ n[ ! ,vulg>1 0 ab\t #hjj   
ye>s aft] ! ,septuag9t2 al?\gh !re 0    
also a ,lat9 translation be=e1 call$ !  
,italick v]sion4 ,:i* 0 aft] lo/ ^u !   
g5]al reception ( ! translation ( ,sa9t 
,j]om ,,sn3 ,prfat4 9 ,p>alipom44 ,:i*  
not)/&+ 7z he himself ackn[l$ge?7 _h be5
 ne$less1 if ! ,septuag9t copys _h      
rema9$ pure1 & z !y 7 fir/ translat$4   
,b1 7beside t diff]5t copys 7 us$1 t    
,alex&ria & ,egypt foll[$ ! copy (      
,hesy*ius1 ,antio* & ,con/ant9ople t (  
,lucian ! ,m>tyr1 & o!rs t ( ,orig57 !  
,septuag9t 0 mu* deprav$1 n only f !    
errors ( ,scribes1 & ! em]g5t           
corruptions ( "t1 b malici\s contrivance
 ( ! ,jews2 z ,ju/9 ,m>tyr ha? decl>$1 9
 8 le>n$ dialogue ,tryphon1 & ,mor9us   
ha? le>n$ly %ewn f _m confirmations4    
,sid5ote3 ,de ,hebri et ,grci textus    
s9c]itate4  ,:atsoev] ,int]pretations   
!re h be5 s9ce1 h be5 especially effect$
 ) ref]5ce unto ^!1 t is1 ! ,greek &    

,hebrew text1 ! ,translators sometimes  
foll[+ ! "o1 sometimes adh]+ unto ! o!r1
 accord+ z !y f\nd !m consonant unto    
tru?1 or mo/ correspond5t unto ! rules (
 fai?4 ,n[ h[ev] x come? to pass1 ^! two
 are v diff]5t 9 ! enum]ation (         
,g5ealogies1 & p>ticul> acc\nts ( "t2 = 
9 ! second int]vail1 t is1 betwe5 !     
,flood & ,abraham1 !re is by !          
,septuag9t introduc$ "o ,ca9an to be !  
son ( ,arphaxad & fa!r ( ,salah2 :]eas 9
 ! ,hebrew !re is no m5tion ( su* a     
p]son1 b ,arphaxad is set d[n to be !   
fa!r ( ,salah4 ,b 9 ! fir/ int]vail1 t  
is1 f ! ,creation unto ! ,flood1 _!     
disagreem5t is m consid]able2 = !re9 !  
,greek exce$e? ! ,hebrew1 & common      
acc\nt almo/ #fjj ye>s4 ,& 'tis inde$ a 
?+ n v /range1 to be at ! diff]5ce ( a  
?ird "p1 9 s l>ge & collective an       
acc\nt1 if we consid] h[ diff]5tly !y   
are set =? 9 m9or & less mi/akable      
numb]s4 ,s 9 ! ,prophesie ( ,jonah1 bo? 
9 ! ,hebrew & ,lat9 text1 x is said1    
,yet =ty dayes & ,n9evy %all be ov]?r[n3

 ,b ! ,septuag9t sai? pla9ly1 & t 9     
lett]s at l5g?1   t is1 yet ?ree dayes &
 ,n9evy %all be de/roy$4 ,:i* is a      
diff]5ce n newly crept 91 b an          
obs]vation v anci5t1 discuss$ by ,au/9 &
 ,!odoret1 & 0 conceiv$ an error        
committ$ by ! ,scribe4 ,m5 !re=e h rais$
 diff]5t computes ( "t1 accord+ z !y h  
foll[$ _! diff]5t texts2 & s h left !   
hi/ory ( times f> m p]plex$ ?an         
,*ronology ha? r$uc$4  ,aga91 ,h[ev] !  
texts 7 pla91 & might 9 _! num]ations   
agree1 yet 7 !re no small difficulty to 
set d[n a det]m9able ,*ronology1 or     
e/abli% f :5ce any fix$ po9t ( "t4 ,= ! 
d\bts conc]n+ ! "t ( ! ,judges are      
inexplicable2 t ( ! ,reigns & succession
 ( ,k+s is z p]plex$2 x be+ unc]ta9 :e!r
 ! ye>s bo? ( _! lives & reigns ought to
 be tak5 z compleat1 or 9 _! beg9n+ & b 
currant acc\nts4 ,nor is x unreasonable 
to make "s d\bt :e!r 9 ! fir/ ages &    
long lives ( our fa!rs1 ,moses do? n    
sometime acc\nt by full & r\nd numb]s1  
:]eas /rictly tak5 !y might be "s few   

ye>s above or "u2 z 9 ! age ( ,noah1 x  
is deliv]$ to be j five hundr$ :5 he    
begat ,sem2 :]eas p]haps he might be    
some:at above or bel[ t r\nd & compleat 
numb]4 ,= ! same way ( spee* is usual 9 
div]s o!r expressions3 ,?us d we say !  
,septuag9t1 & us+ ! full & articulate   
numb]1 d write ! ,translation ( ,sev5ty2
 :]eas we h %ewn be=e1 ! precise numb] 0
 ,sev5ty two4 ,s is x said t ,*ri/ 0    
?ree days 9 ! grave2 accord+ to t (     
,ma!w1 z ,jonas 0 ?ree days & ?ree      
nights 9 ! ,:ales belly1 s %all ! ,son (
 man be ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! he>t
 ( ! e>?3 :i* not)/&+ mu/ be tak5       
,synecdo*ically2 or by und]/&+ a "p = an
 :ole day2 = he rema9$ b two nights 9 ! 
grave2 = he 0 buri$ 9 ! aft]noon ( !    
fir/ day1 & arose v e>ly 9 ! morn+ on ! 
?ird2 t is1 he 0 int]r$ 9 ! eve ( !     
,sabba?1 & arose 9 ! morn+ aft] x4      
,moreov] al?\gh ! numb] ( ye>s be       
det]m9$ & rightly und]/ood1 & !re be )\t
 d\bt a c]ta9 tru? h]e92 yet ! text     
speak+ obscurely or dubi\sly1 !re is    

(t-times no sl5d] difficulty at :at po9t
 to beg9 or t]m9ate ! acc\nt4 ,s :5 x is
 said ,exod4 #ab4 ! soj\rn+ ( ! *ildr5 (
 ,israel :o dwelt 9 ,egypt 0 #dcj ye>s1 
x _c be tak5 /rictly1 & f _! fir/       
arrival into ,egypt1 = _! habitation 9 t
 l& 0 f> less2 b ! acc\nt mu/ beg9 f !  
,cov5ant ( ,god ) ,abraham1 & mu/ also  
compreh5d _! soj\rn 9 ! l& ( ,canaan1   
accord+ z is express$1 ,gal4 #c4 ,!     
,cov5ant t 0 confirm$ be=e ( ,god 9     
,*ri/1 ! ,law :i* 0 #dcj ye>s aft] _c   
disanul4 ,?us ha? x also happ5$ 9 !     
acc\nt ( ! #gj ye>s ( _! captivity1     
accord+ to t ( ,j]emy ,,sn3 ,*ap4 #bj41 
,?is :ole l& %all be a desolation1 & ^! 
nations %all s]ve ! ,k+ ( ,babylon #gj  
ye>s4 ,n[ :]e to beg9 or end ?is        
compute1 arise? no small difficulties2 =
 !re 7 ?ree rem>kable captivities &     
deportations ( ! ,jews4 ,! fir/ 0 9 !   
?ird or f\r? ye> ( ,joa*im1 & fir/ (    
,nabu*odonozor1 :5 ,daniel 0 c>ri$ away2
 ! second 9 ! reign ( ,ieconiah1 & !    
eigh? ye> ( ! same ,k+2 ! ?ird & mo/    

deplorable to ! reign ( ,z$e*ias & 9 !  
n9ete5? ye> ( ,nabu*odonozor1 :]eat bo? 
! ,temple & ,city 7 burn$4 ,n[ su* is ! 
diff]5t conceit ( ^! times1 t m5 h      
comput$ f all2 b ! probable/ acc\nt &   
mo/ concordant unto ! int5tion ( ,i]emy1
 is f ! fir/ ( ,nabu*odonozor unto !    
fir/ ( ,k+ ,cyrus ov] ,babylon2 al?\gh !
 ,prophet ,za*>y ,,sn3 ,*ap4 #a4 #ab4   
acc\nte? f ! la/4 ,o ,"l ( ho/s1 ,h[    
,long6 ,wilt ?\ n h m]cy on ,i]usalem1  
aga9/ :i* ?\ ha/ _h indignation ^!      
?reescore & t5 ye>s8 = he make? ?is     
expo/ulation 9 ! second ye> ( ,d>ius    
,hi/aspes1 :]e9 he prophesi$1 :i* is    
ab\t eighte5 ye>s 9 acc\nt aft] ! o!r4  
,sid5ote3 ,! difficulties ( ,daniels #gj
 ,weeks4  ,?us also al?\gh !re be a     
c]ta9 tru? !re91 yet is !re no easie    
d\bt conc]n+ ! sev5ty weeks1 or sev5ty  
times sev5 ye>s ( ,daniel2 :e!r !y h    
ref]5ce unto ! nativity or passion ( our
 ,savi\r1 & especially f :5ce1 or :at   
po9t ( "t !y are to be comput$4 ,= ?us  
is x deliv]$ by ! ,angel ,gabriel3      

,sev5ty weeks are det]m9$ ^u ! p2 & aga9
 9 ! foll[+ v]se3 ,"k !re=e & und]/&1 t 
f ! go+ =? ( ! ,comm&m5t to re/ore & to 
build ,i]usalem unto ! ,messias !       
,pr9ce1 %all be sev5 weeks1 & ?reescore 
& two weeks1 ! /reet %all be built aga91
 & ! wall ev5 9 tr\blesome times2 & aft]
 ?reescore & two weeks %all ,messiah be 
cut (f4 ,n[ ! go+ out ( ! ,comm&m5t to  
build ! ,city1 be+ ! po9t f :5ce to     
compute1 !re is no sl5d] controv]sie :5 
to beg94 ,= !re are no less ?an f\r     
sev]al ,edicts to ?is effect1 ! "o 9 !  
fir/ ye> ( ,cyrus1 ! o!r 9 ! second (   
,d>ius1 ! ?ird & f\r? 9 ! sev5?1 & 9 !  
tw5tie? ( ,artax]xes ,longimanus2 al?\gh
 z ,petavius acc\nte?1 x be/ accorde?   
unto ! tw5ty ye> ( ,artax]xes1 f :5ce   
,nehemiah d]ive? 8 ,commission4 ,,sn3 ,(
 our ,bless4 ,savi\rs age at 8 ,passion4
 ,n[ t computes are made unc]ta9ly )    
ref]5ce unto ,*ri/1 x is no wond]1 s9ce 
,i p]ceive ! "t ( 8 ,nativity is 9      
controv]sie1 & no less 8 age at 8       
,passion4 ,= ,clem5s & ,t]tullian       

conceive he suff]$ at ?irty2 b ,ir5u a  
,fa!r ne]] 8 "t1 is fur!r (f 9 8 acc\nt1
 t is1 betwe5 =ty & fifty4              
,longomontanus a late ,a/ronom]1        
endeav\rs to discov] ?is secret f       
,a/ronomical gr\nds1 t is1 ! ,apogeum ( 
! ,sun2 conceiv+ ! ,exc5tricity         
inv>iable1 & ! ,apogeum ye>ly to move "o
 scruple1 two seconds1 fifty ?irds1 etc4
 ,:]e=e if 9 ! "t ( ,hipp>*us1 t is1 9 !
 ye> ( ! ,iulian p]iod #deeg x 0 9 !    
fif? degree ( ,gem9i1 & 9 ! daies (     
,ty*o ,brahe1 t is 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l    
#aehh1 or ( ! _w #eeed1 ! same 0 remov$ 
unto ! fift degree ( ,canc]2 by !       
proportion ( its motion1 x 0 at !       
,creation fir/ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,aries1 & ! 
,p]igeum or ne>e/ po9t 9 ,libra4 ,b ?is 
conceit h[ +5i\s or subtile soev]1 is n 
( satisfaction2 x be+ n det]m9able1 or  
yet agre$ 9 :at "t precisely ! ,apogeum 
absolve? "o degree1 z ,petavius ,,sn3   
,de ,doctr9a temporum #a4d4 ha? also    
deliv]$4  ,la/ly1 ,h[ev] ^! or o!r      
difficulties int]v5e1 & t we _c satisfie

 our selves 9 ! exact compute ( "t1 yet 
may we sit d[n ) ! common & usual       
acc\nt2 nor are ^! diff]5ces d]ogatory  
unto ! ,adv5t or ,passion ( ,*ri/1 unto 
:i* inde$ !y all d seem to po9t1 = !    
,prophecies conc]n+ our ,savi\r 7       
indef9itely deliv]$ be=e t ( ,daniel2 s 
0 t pron\nc$ unto ,eve 9 p>adise1 t aft]
 ( ,balaam1 ^? ( ,isaiah & ! ,prophets1 
& t memorable "o ( ,iacob1 ! ,scept]    
%all n dep>t f ,israel untill ,%ilo     
come2 :i* "t not)/&+ x did n def9e at   
all4 ,9 :at ye> !re=e soev]1 ei!r f !   
de/ruction ( ! ,temple1 f ! re-edify+   
!re(1 f ! flood1 or f ! ,creation he    
appe>$1 c]ta9 x is1 t 9 ! fulness ( "t  
he came4 ,:5 he !re=e came is n s       
consid]able1 z t he is come3 9 ! "o !re 
is consolation1 9 ! o!r no satisfaction4
 ,! great] ,qu]e is1 :5 he w come aga92 
& yet inde$ x is no ,qu]e at all3 = t is
 nev] to be kn[n1 & !re=e va9ly enquir$3
 'tis a pr(ess$ & au!ntick obscurity1   
unkn[n to all b to ! omnisci5ce ( !     
,almighty4 ,c]ta9ly ! ends ( ?+s are    

wrapt up 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 he t und]takes 
! k !re(1 =gets 8 own beg9n+1 &         
disclaims 8 pr9ciples ( e>?4 ,no man    
kn[s ! end ( ! _w1 nor assur$ly ( any ?+
 9 x3 ,god sees x1 because unto 8       
,et]nity x is pres5t2 he kn[e? ! ends ( 
u1 b n ( himself3 & because he kn[s n   
?is1 he kn[e? all ?+s1 & 8 k is endless1
 ev5 9 ! object ( himself4              
,,*apt] ,,ii      ,( m5s ,enquiries 9   
:at season or ,po9t ( ! ,zodiack x      
began1         t z !y are g5]ally made1 
!y are 9 va91 & z         p>ticul>ly1   
unc]ta94   ,sid5ote3 ,! _w began 9 all !
 f\r qu>t]s ( ! ye>4  ,conc]n+ !        
,seasons1 t is1 ! qu>t]s ( ! ye>1 "s are
 ready to enquire1 o!rs to det]m9e1 9   
:at season1 :e!r 9 ! ,autumn1 ,spr+1    
,w9t] or ,summ] ! ,_w _h its beg9n+4    
,:]e9 we affirm1 t z ! "q is g5]ally1 & 
9 respect ( ! :ole e>? propos$1 x is )  
manife/ injury unto reason 9 any        
p>ticul> det]m9$2 because :5 ev] ! _w _h
 its beg9n+ x 0 creat$ 9 all ^! f\r4 ,=1
 z we h else:]e deliv]$1 :atsoev] sign !

 ,sun possesse? 7^: recess or vic9ity   
def9e? ! qu>t]s ( ! ye>7 ^? f\r seasons 
7 actually exi/5t2 x be+ ! nature ( t   
,lum9>y to di/+ui% ! sev]al seasons ( ! 
ye>2 all :i* x make? at "o "t 9 ! :ole  
e>?1 & successively 9 any "p !re(4 ,?us 
if we suppose ! ,sun creat$ 9 ,libra1 9 
:i* sign unto "s x make? ,autumn2 at !  
same "t x _h be5 ,w9t] unto !           
,nor!rn-pole1 = unto !m at t "t ! ,sun  
beg9ne? to be invisible1 & to %ew x self
 aga9 unto ! ,pole ( ! ,s\?4 ,unto !    
position ( a "r ,sph]e or directly "u ! 
quator1 x _h be5 ,summ]2 = unto t       
situation ! ,sun is at t "t v]tical4    
,unto ! latitude ( ,capricorn1 or !     
,w9t] ,sol/ice x _h be5 ,spr+2 = unto t 
position x _h be5 9 a middle po9t1 & t (
 asc5t1 or approximation1 b unto !      
latitude ( ,canc] or ! ,summ] ,sol/ice x
 _h be5 ,autumn2 = !n _h x be5 plac$ 9 a
 middle po9t1 & t ( desc5t1 or          
elongation4  ,& if we %all take x       
lit]ally :at ,moses describ$ popul>ly1  
?is 0 also ! con/itution ( ! fir/ day4  

,= :5 x 0 ev5+ unto "o longitude1 x 0   
morn+ unto ano!r2 :5 night unto "o1 day 
unto ano!r4 ,& !re=e t "q1 :e!r our     
,savi\r %all come aga9 9 ! twilight 7z  
is conceiv$ he arose7 or :e!r he %all   
come ^u u 9 ! night1 accord+ to !       
comp>ison ( a ?ief1 or ! ,jewi%         
tradition1 t he w come ab\t ! "t ( _!   
dep>ture out ( gypt1 :5 !y eat !        
,passov]1 & ! ,angel pass$ by ! doors ( 
_! h\ses2 ?is ,qu]e ,i say ne$e? n fur!r
 dispute4 ,= if ! e>? be almo/ e :]e    
inhabit$1 & 8 com+ 7z ,div9ity affirm$7 
mu/ ne$s be unto all2 !n mu/ ! "t ( 8   
appe>ance be bo? 9 ! day & night4 ,= if 
unto ,j]usalem1 or :at "p ( ! _w soev]  
he %all appe> 9 ! night1 at ! same "t   
unto ! ,antipodes1 x mu/ be day2 if     
twilight unto !m1 broad day unto !      
,indians2 if noon unto !m1 yet night    
unto ! ,am]icans3 & s ) v>iety accord+  
unto v>i\s habitations1 or diff]5t      
positions ( ! ,sph]e1 z w be easily     
conceiv$ by ^? :o und]/& ! affections ( 
diff]5t habitations1 & ! conditions (   

,antci1 ,p]ici1 & ,antipodes4 ,& s      
al?\gh he appe> 9 ! night1 yet may ! day
 ( ,judgem5t or ,dooms-day well reta9 t 
"n2 = t implie? "o revolution ( ! ,sun1 
:i* make? ! day & night1 & t "o natural 
day4 ,,sn3  ,& yet to speak /rictly1 if 
7z ! ,apo/le affirme?7 we %all be *ang$ 
9 ! tw9ckl+ ( an eye 7& z ! ,s*ools     
det]m9e7 ! de/ruction ( ! _w %all n be  
successive b 9 an in/ant2 we _c prop]ly 
apply !reto ! usual di/9ctions ( "t2    
call$ t twelve h\rs1 :i* admits n ! p>ts
 !re(1 or use at all ! "n ( "t1 :5 !    
nature !re( %all p]i%4  ,b if ! enquiry 
be made unto a p>ticul> place1 & ! "q   
det]m9$ unto "s c]ta9 ,m]idian2 z       
namely1 unto ,mesopotamia :]e9 ! seat ( 
p>adice is presum$1 ! ,qu]y becomes m   
reasonable1 & is inde$ 9 nature also    
det]m9able4 ,yet positively to def9e t  
season1 !re is no sl5d] difficulty2 = "s
 cont5d t x began 9 ! ,spr+2 z 7beside  
,eusebius1 ,ambrose1 ,b$e1 & ,!odoret7  
"s few ye>s pa/ ,h5rico ,philippi 9 8   
,*ronology ( ! ,scripture4 ,o!rs are    

altoge!r = ,autumn2 & f h5ce d our      
,*ronolog]s comm5ce _! compute2 z may be
 obs]v$ 9 ,helvicus1 ,jo4 ,scalig]1     
,calvisius1 & ,petavius4                
,,*apt] ,,iii      ,( ! ,divisions ( !  
seasons & f\r ,qu>t]s ( ! ye>1          
accord+ unto ,a/ronom]s & ,physitians2 t
 ! common         compute ( ! ,anci5ts1 
& :i* is /ill reta9$ by "s is         v 
que/ionable4   ,z = ! divisions ( ! ye>1
 & ! qu>t]+ out ?is rem>kable /&>d ( "t1
 !re h pass$ especially two di/9ctions2 
! fir/ 9 frequ5t use ) ,a/ronom]s1      
accord+ to ! c>d9al int]sections ( !    
,zodiack1 t is1 ! two qu9octials & bo? !
 ,sol/itial po9ts2 def9+ t "t to be !   
,spr+ ( ! ye>1 :]e9 ! ,sun do? pass f ! 
qu9ox ( ,aries unto ! ,sol/ice ( ,canc]2
 ! "t betwe5 ! ,sol/ice & ! qu9ox (     
,libra1 ,summ]2 f !nce unto ! ,sol/ice (
 ,capricornus1 ,autumn2 & f !nce unto ! 
qu9ox ( ,aries aga91 ,w9t]4 ,n[ ?is     
division al?\gh x be regul> & equal1 is 
n univ]sal2 = x include? n ^? latitudes 
:i* h ! seasons ( ! ye> d\ble2 z h !    

inhabitants "u ! ,equator1 or else      
betwe5 ! ,tropicks4 ,,sn3 ,betwe5 !     
,tropicks two ,summ]s 9 a ye>4 ,= unto  
!m ! ,sun is v]tical twice a ye>1 mak+  
two di/9ct ,summ]s 9 ! diff]5t po9ts (  
v]ticality4 ,s unto ^? :i* live "u !    
quator1 :5 ! sun is 9 ! qu9ox x is      
,summ]1 9 :i* po9ts x make? ,spr+ or    
,autumn unto u2 & unto !m x is also     
,w9t] :5 ! ,sun is 9 ei!r ,tropick2     
:]eas unto u x make? always ,summ] 9 !  
"o4 ,& ! l w happ5 unto ^? habitations1 
:i* are betwe5 ! ,tropicks & ! quator4  
,a second & m s5sible division !re is   
obs]v$ by ,hippocrates1 & mo/ ( ! anci5t
 ,greeks1 accord+ to ! ris+ & sett+ (   
div]s />s2 divid+ ! ye>1 & e/abli%+ !   
acc\nt ( seasons f usual alt]ations1 &  
s5sible mutations 9 ! air1 discov]$ ^u !
 ris+ & sett+ ( ^? />s1 acc\nt+ ! ,spr+ 
f ! qu9oxial po9t ( ,aries2 f ! ris+ ( !
 ,pleiades1 or ! sev]al />s on ! back ( 
,taurus1 ,summ]2 f ! ris+ ( ,arcturus1 a
 /> betwe5 ! ?ighs ( ,bootes1 ,autumn2 &
 f ! sett+ ( ! ,pleiades1 ,w9t]4 ,( ^!  

divisions because !y 7 unequal1 !y 7 fa9
 to subdivide ! two l>g] portions1 t is 
( ! ,summ] & ,w9t] qu>t]s2 ! fir/ "p ( !
 ,summ] !y nam$ 1 ! second unto ! ris+ (
 ! ,dog-/>1 1 f !nce unto ! sett+ (     
,arcturus1 4 ,! ,w9t] !y divid$ also    
into ?ree p>ts2 ! fir/ "p1 or t ( se$ "t
 !y nam$ 1 ! middle or prop] ,w9t]1 1 ! 
la/1 :i* 0 _! plant+ or graft+ "t 4 ,?is
 way ( division 0 9 =m] ages receiv$1 is
 v (t5 m5tion$ 9 ,poets1 translat$ f "o 
,nation to ano!r2 f ! ,greeks unto !    
,lat9es z is receiv$ by good ,au?ors2 & 
deliv]$ by ,physitians1 ev5 unto our    
times4  ,n[ ( ^! two1 al?\gh ! fir/ 9 "s
 latitude may be reta9$1 yet is n ! o!r 
9 any to be admitt$4 ,= 9 reg>d ( "t 7z 
we else:]e decl>e7 ! />s d v>y _!       
longitudes1 & consequ5tly ! times ( _!  
asc5sion & desc5sion4 ,t /> :i* is ! t]m
 ( num]ation1 or po9t f :5ce we comm5ce 
! acc\nt1 alt]+ 8 site & longitude 9    
process ( "t1 & remov+ f ,we/ to ,ea/1  
almo/ "o degree 9 ! space ( #gb ye>s1 s 
t ! same />1 s9ce ! age ( ,hippocrates  

:o us$ ?is acc\nt1 is remov$ 9          
consequ5tia ab\t #bg degrees4 ,:i*      
diff]5ce ( _! longitudes1 do? mu*       
div]sifie ! times ( _! asc5ts1 & r5d]e? 
! acc\nt un/able :i* %all proce$ !reby4 
,aga91 ,9 reg>d ( diff]5t latitudes1 ?is
 _c be a setl$ rule1 or reasonably      
appli$ unto _m ,nations4 ,= :]eas !     
sett+ ( ! ,pleiades or sev5 />s1 is     
design$ ! t]m ( ,autumn1 & ! beg9n+ (   
,w9t]2 unto "s latitudes ^! />s d nev]  
set1 z unto all beyond #fg degrees4 ,&  
if 9 sev]al & f> di/ant latitudes we    
obs]ve ! same /> z a common t]m ( acc\nt
 unto bo?1 we %all fall ^u an unexpect$1
 b an unsuff]able absurdity2 & by ! same
 acc\nt x w be ,summ] unto u 9 ! ,nor?1 
be=e x be s unto ^?1 :i* unto u are     
,s\?w>d1 & _m degrees approa*+ ne>] !   
,sun4 ,= if we consult ! ,doctr9e ( !   
sph]e1 & obs]ve ! asc5sion ( !          
,pleiades1 :i* make? ! beg9n+ ( ,summ]1 
we %all discov] t 9 ! latitude ( #dj1 ^!
 />s arise 9 ! #af degree ( ,taurus2 b 9
 ! latitude ( #ej1 !y asc5d 9 ! elev5?  

degree ( ! same sign1 t is1 #e dayes    
soon]2 s %all x be ,summ] unto ,london1 
be=e x be unto ,tol$o1 & beg9 to scor* 9
 ,engl&1 be=e x gr[ hot 9 ,spa94  ,?is  
is !re=e no g5]al way ( compute1 nor    
reasonable to be d]iv$ f "o ,nation unto
 ano!r2 ! defect ( :i* consid]ation ha? 
caus$ div]s errors 9 ,lat9e poets1      
translat+ ^! expressions f ! ,greeks2 & 
_m difficulties ev5 9 ! ,greeks         
!mselves2 :i* liv+ 9 div]s latitudes1   
yet obs]v$ ! same compute4 ,s t to make 
!m out1 we are fa9 to use di/9ctions2   
sometime comput+ cosmically :at !y      
int5d$ heliacally3 & sometime 9 ! same  
expression acc\nt+ ! ris+ heliacally1 ! 
sett+ cosmically4 ,o!rwise x w be h>dly 
made out1 :at is deliv]$ by approv$     
,au?ors2 & is an obs]vation v           
consid]able unto ^? :i* meet ) su*      
expressions1 z !y are v frequ5t 9 !     
poets ( eld] times1 especially ,hesiod1 
,aratus1 ,virgil1 ,ovid1 ,manilius2 &   
,au?ors ,geoponical1 or :i* h treat$ de 
re ru/ica1 z ,con/ant9e1 ,m>cus ,cato1  

,columella1 ,palladius & ,v>ro4  ,la/ly1
 ,! absurdity 9 mak+ common unto _m     
,nations ^? consid]ations ^: v]ity is b 
p>ticul> unto "s1 w m evid5tly appe>1 if
 we exam9e ! ,rules & ,precepts ( "s "o 
climate1 & fall ^u consid]ation ) :at   
incongruity !y are transf]rible unto    
o!rs4 ,?us is x advis$ by ,hesiod4      
,pleiadibus ,atlante natis ori5tibus    
,incipe messem1 ,arationem v]o          
occid5tibus4  ,imply+ h]eby ! ,heliacal 
asc5t & ,cosmical desc5t ( ^? />s4 ,n[  
h]e9 he sette? d[n a rule to beg9 h>ve/ 
at ! arise ( ! ,pleiades2 :i* 9 8 "t 0 9
 ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,?is inde$ 0 consonant
 unto ! clime :]e9 he liv$1 & _! h>ve/  
began ab\t t season3 b is n appliable   
unto our own1 = !re9 we are s f> f      
expect+ an h>ve/1 t our ,b>ley-se$ is n 
end$4 ,aga91 correspond5t unto ! rule ( 
,hesiod1 ,virgil af=de? ano!r1          
,ante tibi ,eo ,atlantides abscondantur1
           ,debita quam sulcis committas
 sem9a4  ,und]/&+ h]eby _! ,cosmical    
desc5t1 or _! sett+ :5 ! ,sun arise?1 & 

n _! ,heliacal obscuration1 or _!       
inclusion 9 ! lu/re ( ! ,sun1 z ,s]vius 
^u ?is place w\ld h x2 = at t "t ^! />s 
are _m signs remov$ f t lum9>y4 ,n[ h]e9
 he /rictly advise?1 n to beg9 to s[    
be=e ! sett+ ( ^! />s2 :i* not)/&+ )\t  
injury to agriculture1 _c be obs]v$ 9   
,engl&2 = !y set unto u ab\t ! #ab (    
,novemb]1 :5 our ,se$-"t is almo/ end$4 
,& ?is div]sity ( clime & cle/ial       
obs]vations1 precisely obs]v$ unto c]ta9
 />s & mone?s1 ha? n only ov]?r[n !     
d$uctions ( "o ,nation to ano!r1 b ha?  
p]turb$ ! obs]vation ( fe/ivities &     
/at>y ,solemnities1 ev5 ) ! ,jews       
!mselves4 ,= unto !m x 0 comm&$ t at _! 
entrance into ! l& ( ,canaan1 9 !       
f\rte5? ( ! fir/ mone? 7t is ,abib or   
,nisan :i* is ,spr+ ) u7 !y %\ld obs]ve 
! celebration ( ! ,passov]2 & on ! morr[
 aft]1 :i* is ! fifte5? day1 ! fea/ (   
unleav5$ bread2 & 9 ! sixte5? ( ! same  
mone?1 t !y %\ld (f] ! fir/ %eaf ( !    
h>ve/4 ,n[ all ?is 0 feasible & ( an    
easie possibility 9 ! l& ( ,canaan1 or  

latitude ( ,j]usalem2 = s x is obs]v$ by
 sev]al ,au?ors 9 lat] times2 & is also 
te/ifi$ by holy ,scripture 9 times v f> 
be=e4 ,= :5 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel pass$ !  
riv] ,jordan ,,sn3 ,jo%4 #c41 x is      
deliv]$ by way ( p>5!sis1 t ! riv]      
ov]fl[e? its banks 9 ! "t ( h>ve/2 :i*  
is conceiv$ ! "t :]e9 !y pass$2 & x is  
aft] deliv]$ ,,sn3 ,jo%4 #e41 t 9 !     
f\rte5? day !y celebrat$ ! ,passov]3 :i*
 accord+ to ! ,law ( ,moses 0 to be     
obs]v$ 9 ! fir/ mone?1 or mone? ( ,abib4
  ,& !re=e x is no wond]1 :at is relat$ 
by ,luke1 t ! ,disciples ^u !           
,deut]oproton1 z !y pass$ by1 pluck$ !  
e>s ( corn4 ,,sn3 ,:at ! ,sabbaton      
,deut]oproton1 ,luk4 #f4 04 ,= !        
,deut]oproton or second fir/ ,sabba?1 0 
! fir/ ,sabba? aft] ! ,deut]a or second 
( ! ,passov]1 :i* 0 ! sixte5? ( ,nisan  
or ,abib4 ,& ?is is also evid5c$ f !    
receiv$ con/ruction ( ! fir/ & latt]    
ra94 ,i w give y ! ra9 ( y\r l& 9 8 due 
season1 ! fir/ ra9 & ! latt] ra94 ,,sn3 
,deut4 #aa4 ,= ! fir/ ra9 fell ^u !     

se$-"t ab\t ,octob]1 & 0 to make ! se$  
to root1 ! latt] 0 to fill ! e>1 & fell 
9 ,abib or ,m>*1 ! fir/ mone?3 accord+ z
 is express$4 ,,sn3 ,joel #b4 ,& he w   
cause to come d[n = y ! ra91 ! =m] ra9 &
 ! latt] ra9 9 ! fir/ mone?2 t is !     
mone? ( ,abib :]e9 ! ,passov] 0 obs]v$4 
,?is 0 ! ,law ( ,moses1 & ?is 9 ! l& (  
,canaan 0 well obs]v$1 accord+ to ! fir/
 in/itution3 b s9ce _! disp]sion &      
habitation 9 ,c\ntries1 ^: con/itutions 
admit n su* tempe/ivity ( h>ve/s2 & _m n
 be=e ! latt] end ( ,summ]2 not)/&+ !   
advantage ( _! ,lun>y acc\nt1 &         
int]cal>y mone? ,vead]1 affix$ unto !   
beg9n+ ( ! ye>1 !re w be f\nd a great   
disp>ity 9 _! obs]vations2 nor c !y     
/rictly & at ! same season ) _! =efa!rs 
obs]ve ! comm&s ( ,god4  ,to add yet    
fur!r1 ^? ,geoponical rules & precepts (
 ,agriculture :i* are deliv]$ by div]s  
,au?ors1 are n to be g5]ally receiv$2 b 
respectively und]/ood unto climes :]eto 
!y are det]m9$4 ,= :]eas "o advise? to  
s[ ?is or t gra9 at "o season1 a second 

to set ?is or t at ano!r1 x mu/ be      
conceiv$ relatively1 & e ,nation mu/ h  
its ,c\ntry ,f>m2 = h]e9 we may obs]ve a
 manife/ & visible diff]5ce1 n only 9 ! 
seasons ( h>ve/1 b 9 ! gra9s !mselves4  
,= ) u ,b>ley-h>ve/ is made aft]        
:eat-h>ve/1 b ) ! ,israelites & gyptians
 x 0 o!rwise2 s is x express$ by way (  
priority1 ,ru? ! #b4 ,s ,ru? kept fa/ by
 ! maid5s ( ,boaz to glean unto ! end ( 
,b>ley-h>ve/ & ( ,:eat-h>ve/1 :i* 9 !   
plague ( hayl 9 gypt is m pla9ly        
deliv]$1 ,exod4 #i4 ,& ! ,flax & !      
,b>ley 7 smitt51 = ! ,b>ley 0 9 ! e> & !
 ,flax 0 boll$1 b ! ,:eat & ! ,rye 7 n  
smitt51 = !y 7 n gr[n up4  ,& ?us we see
 ! acc\nt e/abli%$ ^u ! arise or desc5t 
( ! />s c be no reasonable rule unto    
di/ant ,nations at all1 & by reason ( _!
 retrogression b tempor>y unto any "o4  
,nor mu/ ^! respective expressions be   
ent]ta9$ 9 absolute consid]ations2 = s  
di/9ct is ! relation1 & s artificial !  
habitude ( ?is inf]i\r globe unto !     
sup]i\r1 & ev5 ( "o ?+ 9 ea* unto ! o!r1

 t g5]al rules are dang]\s1 &           
applications mo/ safe t run ) security (
 circum/ance4 ,:i* rightly to effect1 is
 beyond ! subtlety ( s5se1 & requires ! 
artifice ( reason4                      
,,*apt] ,,iv      ,( "s computation (   
days & d$uctions ( "o "p ( ! ye>        
unto ano!r4   ,sid5ote3 ,t ! days       
decrease & increase unequally4  ,f\r?ly1
 ,!re are c]ta9 vulg> op9ions conc]n+   
days ( ! ye>1 & conclusions popul>ly    
d$uc$ f c]ta9 days ( ! mone?3 m5        
commonly believ+ ! days increase &      
decrease equally 9 ! :ole ye>3 :i*      
not)/&+ is v repugnant unto tru?4 ,= !y 
increase 9 ! mone? ( ,m>*1 almo/ z mu* z
 9 ! two mone?s ( ,janu>y & ,febru>y3 & 
decrease z mu* 9 ,septemb]1 z !y d 9    
,july & ,augu/4 ,= ! days increase or   
decrease accord+ to ! decl9ation ( !    
,sun1 t is1 its deviation ,nor?w>d or   
,s\?w>d f ! quator4 ,n[ ?is digression  
is n equal b ne> ! qu9oxial             
int]sections1 x is "r & great]1 ne> !   
,sol/ices m oblique & less]4 ,s f !     

elev5? ( ,m>* ! v]nal qu9ox1 unto !     
elev5? ( ,april ! ,sun decl9e? to !     
,nor? twelve degrees2 f ! elev5? (      
,april unto ! elev5? ( ,may b eight1 f  
!nce unto ! fifte5? ( ,june1 or ! ,summ]
 ,sol/ice b ?ree & a half3 all :i* make 
tw5ty two degrees & an half1 ! greate/  
decl9ation ( ! ,sun4  ,sid5ote3 ,!      
natural proportion ( humane gr[?1 etc4  
,& ?is inequality 9 ! decl9ation ( !    
,sun 9 ! ,zodiack or l9e ( life1 is     
correspond5t unto ! gr[? or decl9ation (
 man4 ,= sett+ out f infancy we increase
 n equally1 or regul>ly atta9 to our    
/ate or p]fection3 nor :5 we desc5d f   
our /ate1 is our decl9ation equal1 or   
c>rie? u ) ev5 paces unto ! grave4 ,= z 
,hippocrates affirme?1 a man is hotte/ 9
 ! fir/ day ( 8 life1 & colde/ 9 ! la/3 
8 natural heat sette? =? mo/ vigor\sly  
at fir/1 & decl9e? mo/ s5sibly at la/4  
,,sn3 ,9 ! _w1 ,& s ?\gh ! gr[? ( man   
end n p]haps until tw5ty "o1 yet is 8   
/ature m advanc$ 9 ! fir/ sept5>y ?an 9 
! second1 & 9 ! second1 m ?an 9 ! ?ird1 

& m inde$ 9 ! fir/ sev5 ye>s1 ?an 9 !   
f\rte5 succe$+2 = :at /ature we atta9   
unto at sev5 ye>s1 we d sometimes b     
d\ble1 mo/ times come %ort ( at "o &    
tw5ty4 ,& s d we decl9e aga93 ,= 9 !    
latt] age ^u ! ,tropick & fir/ desc5sion
 f our sol/ice1 we are sc>ce s5sible (  
decl9ation3 b decl9+ fur!r1 our decrem5t
 accel]ates1 we set apace1 & 9 our la/  
days precipitate into our graves4 ,,sn3 
& 9 ! womb4 ,& ?us are also our         
progressions 9 ! womb1 t is1 our        
=mation1 motion1 our bir? or exclusion4 
,= our =mation is quickly effect$1 our  
motion appe>e? lat]1 & our exclusion v  
long aft]3 if t be true :i* ,hippocrates
 & ,avic5na h decl>$1 t ! "t ( our      
motion is d\ble unto t ( =mation1 & t ( 
exclusion treble unto t ( motion4 ,z if 
! ,infant be =m$ at ?irty five days1 x  
move? at sev5ty1 & is born ! two hundr$ 
& t5? day1 t is1 ! sev5? mon?2 or if x  
receives n =mation be=e =ty five days1 x
 move? ! n9etie? day1 & is exclud$ 9 !  
two hundr$ & sev5ty1 t is1 ! n9? mon?4  

,!re are also c]ta9 popul> progno/icks  
drawn f fe/ivals 9 ! ,cal5d]1 & conceiv$
 op9ions ( c]ta9 days 9 mon?s2 s is !re 
a g5]al tradition 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe1 
t inf]re? ! coldness ( succe$+ w9t] f ! 
%9+ ( ! ,sun ^u ,c&lemas day1 or !      
,purification ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 accord+  
to ! prov]bial di/i*1            ,si    
,sol spl5descat ,m>i purificante1       
,major erit glacies po/ fe/um quam fuit 
ante4  ,s is x usual among u to qualifie
 & conditionate ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>1 
answ]ably unto ! temp] ( ! twelve days 9
 ,*ri/mas2 & to ascribe unto ,m>* c]ta9 
borr[$ days f ,april2 all :i* m5 seem to
 believe ^u annual exp]i5ce ( _! own1 & 
! receiv$ traditions ( _! =e-fa!rs4  ,n[
 x is manife/1 & mo/ m5 likewise "k1 t !
 ,cal5d]s ( ^! comput]s1 & ! acc\nts (  
^! days are v diff]5t2 ! ,greeks diss5t+
 f ! ,lat9s1 & ! ,lat9s f ea* o!r2 ! "o 
obs]v+ ! ,julian or anci5t acc\nt1 z    
great ,brita9 & "p ( ,g]many2 ! o!r     
adh]+ to ! ,gregorian or new acc\nt1 z  
,italy1 ,france1 ,spa91 & ! unit$       

,prov9ces ( ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,n[ ?is lat]    
acc\nt by t5 days at lea/ anticipate? ! 
o!r2 s t be=e ! "o beg9ne? ! acc\nt1 !  
o!r is pa/ x2 yet 9 ! sev]al            
calculations1 ! same ev5ts seem true1 & 
m5 ) equal op9ion ( v]ity1 expect &     
confess a confirmation f !m all4 ,:]eby 
is evid5t ! ,oracul\s au?ority (        
tradition1 & ! easie s$uction ( m51     
nei!r enquir+ into ! v]ity ( ! sub/ance1
 nor re=m+ ^u repugnance ( circum/ance4 
,& ?us may div]s easily be mi/ak5 :o    
sup]/iti\sly obs]ve c]ta9 times1 or set 
d[n unto !mselves an obs]vation (       
un=tunate mon?s1 or dayes1 or h\rs2 ,z  
did ! ,egyptians1 two 9 e mon?1 & !     
,romans1 ! days aft] ! ,nones1 ,ides &  
,cal5ds4 ,& ?us ! ,rules ( ,navigators  
mu/ (t5 fail1 sett+ d[n1 z ,rhodig9us   
obs]ve?1 suspect$ & om9\s days 9 e mon?1
 z ! fir/ & sev5? ( ,m>*1 ! fift & sixt 
( ,april1 ! sixt1 ! twelf? & fifte5? (  
,febru>y4 ,= ! acc\nts h]e( 9 ^! mon?s  
are v diff]5t 9 our days1 & 7 diff]5t ) 
sev]al ,nations 9 ,ages pa/2 & h[       

/rictly soev] ! acc\nt be made1 & ev5 by
 ! self-same ,cal5d]1 yet is x possible 
t ,navigators may be out4 ,= s 7 !      
,holl&]s1 :o pass+ ,we/w>d ?r\gh fretum 
le ,mayre1 & compass+ ! ,globe1 ^u _!   
return into _! own ,c\ntry1 f\nd t !y _h
 lo/ a day4 ,= if two m5 at ! same "t   
travel f ! same place1 ! "o ,ea/w>d1 !  
o!r ,we/w>d r\nd ab\t ! e>?1 & meet 9 ! 
same place f :5ce ! fir/ set =?2 x w s  
fall out1 t he :i* ha? mov$ ,ea/w>d     
aga9/ ! diurnal motion ( ! ,sun1 by     
anticipat+ dayly some?+ ( its circle ) 8
 own motion1 w ga9e "o day2 b he t      
travelle? ,we/w>d1 ) ! motion ( ! ,sun1 
by second+ its revolution1 %all lose or 
come %ort a day4 ,& !re=e also ^u ^!    
gr\nds t ,delos 0 seat$ 9 ! middle ( !  
e>?1 x 0 no exact decision1 because two 
,eagles let fly ,ea/ & ,we/ by ,jupit]1 
_! meet+ fell out j 9 ! ,isl& ,delos4   
,,*apt] ,v      ,a ,digression ( !      
wisdom ( ,god 9 ! site & motion ( !     
,sun4   ,hav+ ?us beheld ! ignorance (  
man 9 "s ?+s1 8 error & bl9dness 9 o!rs1

 t is1 9 ! measure ( duration bo? ( ye>s
 & seasons1 let u a :ile admire !       
,wisdom ( ,god 9 ?is di/+ui%] ( times1 &
 visible ,deity 7z "s h t]m$ x7 ! ,sun4 
,:i* ?\gh "s f its glory adore1 & all = 
its b5efits admire1 we %all advance f   
o!r consid]ations1 & su* z illu/rate !  
artifice ( its ,mak]4 ,nor d we ?9k we c
 excuse ! duty ( our k1 if we only be/[ 
! fl\ri% ( ,poetry h]eon1 or ^?         
comm5datory conceits :i* popul>ly set =?
 ! em95cy ( ?is creature2 except we     
asc5d unto subtil] consid]ations1 & su* 
z rightly und]/ood1 conv9c+ly decl>e !  
wisdom ( ! ,creator4 ,:i* s9ce a ,spani%
 ,physitian ,,sn3 ,val]ius de ,philos4  
,sacr4 ha? begun1 we w enl>ge ) our     
d$uctions2 & ?is we %all endeav\r f two 
consid]ations2 its prop] situation1 &   
wisely ord]$ motion4  ,& fir/ we _c pass
 ov] 8 provid5ce1 9 t x move? at all2 = 
_h x /ood /ill1 & 7 x fix$ l ! e>?1 !re 
_h be5 !n no di/9ction ( times1 ei!r (  
day or ye>1 ( ,spr+1 ( ,autumn1 (       
,summ]1 or ( ,w9t]2 = ^! seasons are    

def9$ by ! motions ( ! ,sun2 :5 t       
approa*e? ne>e our ,z5i?1 or v]tical    
,po9t1 we call x ,summ]1 :5 fur!/ (f1   
,w9t]1 :5 9 ! middle spaces1 ,spr+ or   
,autumn1 :]eas rema9+ 9 "o place ^!     
di/9ctions _h ceas$1 & consequ5tly !    
g5]ation ( all ?+s dep5d+ on _!         
vicissitudes2 mak+ 9 "o hemisph]e a     
p]petual ,summ]1 9 ! o!r a deplorable & 
com=tless ,w9t]4 ,,sn3 ,:at ! natural   
day is4 ,& ?us _h x also be5 cont9ual   
day unto "s1 & p]petual night unto o!rs2
 = ! day is def9$ by ! abode ( ! ,sun   
above ! ,horizon1 & ! night by its      
cont9uance bel[2 s %\ld we h ne$$ ano!r 
,sun1 "o to illu/rate our ,hemisph]e1 a 
second to enlight5 ! o!r2 :i*           
inconv5i5ce w ensue 9 :at site soev] we 
place x1 :e!r 9 ! ,poles1 or ! quator1  
or betwe5 !m bo?2 no sph]ical body ( :at
 bigness soev] illum9at+ ! :ole sph]e ( 
ano!r1 al?\gh x illum9ate some?+ m ?an  
half ( a less]1 accord+ unto ! doctr9e (
 ! ,opticks4  ,sid5ote3 ,e "p ( ! ,e>?  
habitable4  ,8 wisdom is aga9           

disc]nable1 n only 9 t x move? at all1 &
 9 its b>e motion1 b wond]ful 9 contriv+
 ! l9e ( its revolution2 :i* is s       
prud5tly effect$1 t by a vicissitude 9  
"o body & light x suffice? ! :ole e>?1  
af=d+ !reby a possible or pleasurable   
habitation 9 e "p !re(2 & ?is is ! l9e  
,ecliptick2 all :i* to effect by any o!r
 circle x _h be5 impossible4 ,= fir/1 if
 we imag9e ! ,sun to make 8 c\rse out ( 
! ,ecliptick1 & ^u a l9e )\t any        
obliquity1 let x be conceiv$ )9 t       
,circle1 t is ei!r on ! quator1 or else 
on ei!r side3 7,= if we %\ld place x    
ei!r 9 ! ,m]idian or ,colures1 beside ! 
subv]sion ( its c\rse f ,ea/ to ,we/1   
!re w\ld ensue ! l incommodities47 ,n[  
if we conceive ! sun to move betwe5 !   
obliquity ( ?is ,ecliptick 9 a l9e ^u "o
 side ( ! quator1 !n w\ld ! ,sun be     
visible b unto "o pole1 t is ! same :i* 
0 ne>e/ unto x4 ,s t unto ! "o x w\ld be
 p]petual day2 unto ! o!r p]petual      
night2 ! "o w\ld be oppress$ ) con/ant  
heat1 ! o!r ) insuff]able cold2 & s !   

defect ( alt]nation w\ld utt]ly impugn !
 g5]ation ( all ?+s2 :i* naturally      
require a vicissitude ( heat to _!      
production1 & no less to _! increase &  
cons]vation4  ,b if we conceive x to    
move 9 ! quator2 fir/ unto a p>allel    
sph]e1 or su* z h ! pole = _! ,z5i?1 x  
w\ld h made nei!r p]fect day nor night4 
,= be+ 9 ! quator x w\ld int]sect _!    
,horizon1 & be half above & half b5ea?  
x3 or r x w\ld h made p]petual night to 
bo?2 = ?\gh 9 reg>d ( ! rational        
,horizon1 :i* bisecte? ! ,globe into    
equal p>ts1 ! ,sun 9 ! quator w\ld      
int]sect ! ,horizon3 yet 9 respect ( !  
s5sible ,horizon 7:i* is def9$ by ! eye7
 ! ,sun w\ld be visible unto nei!r4 ,=  
if z ocul> witnesses report1 & "s also  
write1 by reason ( ! convexity ( ! ,e>?1
 ! eye ( man "u ! quator _c discov] bo? 
! poles2 nei!r w\ld ! eye "u ! poles    
discov] ! ,sun 9 ! quator4 ,?us w\ld !re
 no?+ fructifie ei!r ne> or "u !m3 ,!   
,sun be+ ,horizontal to ! poles1 & ( no 
consid]able altitude unto p>ts a        

reasonable di/ance f !m4 ,aga91 unto a  
"r sph]e1 or su* z dwell "u ! quator1   
al?\gh x made a diff]5ce 9 day & night1 
yet w\ld x n make any di/9ction (       
seasons3 = unto !m x w\ld be con/ant    
,summ]1 x be+ alwaies v]tical1 & nev]   
deflect+ f !m3 ,s _h !re be5 no         
fructification at all1 & ! ,c\ntries    
subject$ w\ld be z un9habitable1 z inde$
 antiquity conceiv$ !m4  ,la/ly1 ,x mov+
 ?us ^u ! quator1 unto :at position     
soev]1 al?\gh x _h made a day1 yet c\ld 
x h made no ye>3 = x c\ld n h _h ^? two 
motions n[ ascrib$ unto x1 t is1 f ,ea/ 
to ,we/1 :]eby x makes ! day1 & likewise
 f ,we/ to ,ea/1 :]eby ! ye> is comput$4
 ,= accord+ to receiv$ ,a/ronomy1 !     
poles ( ! quator are ! same ) ^? ( !    
,primum ,mobile4 ,n[ x is impossible t  
on ! same circle1 hav+ ! same poles1 bo?
 ^! motions f opposite t]ms %\ld be at !
 same "t p]=m$2 all :i* is salv$1 if we 
all[ an obliquity 9 8 annual motion1 &  
conceive him to move ^u ! ,poles ( !    
,zodiack1 di/ant f ^! ( ! _w #bc degrees

 & an half4 ,?us may we disc]n !        
necessity ( its obliquity1 & h[         
inconv5i5t its motion _h be5 ^u a circle
 p>allel to ! quator1 or ^u ! quator x  
self4  ,n[ ) :at ,provid5ce ?is         
obliquity is det]m9$1 we %all p]ceive ^u
 ! ensu+ inconv5i5ces f any deviation4  
,= fir/1 if its obliquity _h be5 less 7z
 in/ead ( tw5ty ?ree degrees1 twelve or 
! half !re(7 ! vicissitude ( seasons    
appo9t$ = ! g5]ation ( all ?+s1 w\ld    
surely h be5 too %ort2 = diff]5t seasons
 w\ld h hudl$ ^u ea* o!r2 & unto "s x _h
 n be5 mu* bett] ?an if x _h mov$ on !  
quator4  ,b _h ! obliquity be5 great]   
?an n[ x is1 z d\ble1 or ( #dj degrees2 
sev]al p>ts ( ! e>? _h n be5 able to    
endure ! disproportionable diff]5ces (  
seasons1 occasion$ by ! great recess1 & 
di/ance ( ! ,sun4 ,= unto "s habitations
 ! ,summ] w\ld h be5 extream hot1 & !   
,w9t] extream cold2 likewise ! ,summ]   
temp]ate unto "s1 b excessive & 9       
extremity unto o!rs1 z unto ^? :o %\ld  
dwell "u ! ,tropick ( ,canc]1 z !n w\ld 

d "s "p ( ,spa91 or t5 degrees beyond1 z
 ,g]many1 & "s "p ( ,engl&2 :o w\ld h   
,summ]s z n[ ! ,moors ( ,africa4 ,= !   
,sun w\ld sometime be v]tical unto !m3 b
 !y w\ld h ,w9t]s l ^? beyond ! ,artick 
,circle2 = 9 t season ! ,sun w\ld be    
remov$ above #hj degrees f !m4 ,aga91 x 
w\ld be temp]ate to "s habitations 9 !  
,summ]1 b v extream 9 ! ,w9t]3 temp]ate 
to ^? 9 two or ?ree degrees beyond !    
,artick ,circle1 z n[ x is unto u2 = !y 
w\ld be equidi/ant f t ,tropick1 ev5 z  
we are f ?is at pres5t4 ,b ! ,w9t] w\ld 
be extream1 ! ,sun be+ remov$ above an  
hundr$ degrees1 & s consequ5tly w\ld n  
be visible 9 _! ,horizon1 no position ( 
sph]e discov]+ any /> di/ant above #ij  
degrees1 :i* is ! di/ance ( e ,z5i? f ! 
,horizon4 ,& ?us if ! obliquity ( ?is   
,circle _h be5 less1 ! vicissitude (    
seasons _h be5 s small z n to be        
di/+ui%$2 if great]1 s l>ge &           
disproportionable z n to be endur$4     
,sid5ote3 ,a compet5t di/9ction (       
seasons necess>y1 & :y4  ,n[ = its      

situation1 al?\gh x held ?is ,ecliptick 
l9e1 yet _h x be5 seat$ 9 any o!r ,orb1 
inconv5i5ces w\ld ensue ( condition l ! 
=m]2 = _h x be5 plac$ 9 ! l[e/ sph]e ( !
 ,moon1 ! ye> w\ld h consi/$ b ( "o     
mon?2 = 9 t space ( "t x w\ld h pass$   
?r\gh e "p ( ! ,ecliptick3 s w\ld !re h 
be5 no reasonable di/9ction ( seasons   
requir$ = ! g5]ation & fructify+ ( all  
?+s2 contr>y seasons :i* de/roy !       
effects ( "o ano!r1 s sudd5ly succe$+4  
,besides by ?is vic9ity unto ! e>?1 its 
heat _h be5 intoll]able2 = if 7z _m     
affirm7 !re is a diff]5t s5se ( heat f !
 diff]5t po9ts ( its prop] ,orb1 & t 9 !
 ,apogeum or highe/ po9t 7:i* happ5e? 9 
,canc]7 x is n s hot "u t ,tropick1 on  
?is side ! quator1 z unto ! o!r side 9 !
 ,p]igeum or l[e/ "p ( ! ,ecc5trick 7:i*
 happ5e? 9 ,capricornus7 surely be+     
plac$ 9 an ,orb f> l[]1 its heat w\ld be
 unsuff]able1 nor ne$$ we a fable to set
 ! _w on fire4  ,b _h x be5 plac$ 9 !   
highe/ ,orb1 or t ( ! eigh? sph]e1 !re  
_h be5 none b ,platoes ye>1 & a f> less 

di/9ction ( seasons2 = "o ye> _h !n be5 
_m1 & accord+ unto ! sl[ revolution ( t 
,orb :i* absolve? n 8 c\rse 9 _m ?\s&   
ye>s1 no man _h liv$ to atta9 ! acc\nt  
!re(4 ,^! are ! inconv5i5ces ensu+ ^u   
its situation 9 ! extream orbs1 & _h x  
be5 plac$ 9 ! middle orbs ( ! ,planets1 
!re w\ld h ensu$ absurdities ( a middle 
nature unto !m4  ,n[ :e!r we adh]e unto 
! hypo!sis ( ,cop]nicus1 affirm+ ! e>?  
to move1 & ! ,sun to /& /ill2 or :e!r we
 hold1 z "s ( late h conclud$1 f ! spots
 9 ! ,sun1 :i* appe> & disappe> aga92 t 
besides ! revolution x make? ) its      
,orbs1 x ha? also a d9etical motion1 &  
r[ls ^u its own ,poles1 :e!r ,i say we  
affirm ^! or no1 ! illations be=e       
m5tion$ are n !reby infr+$4 ,we !re=e   
conclude ?is contemplation1 & are n     
afraid to believe1 x may be lit]ally    
said ( ! wisdom ( ,god1 :at m5 w h b    
figuratively spok5 ( ! works ( ,*ri/2 t 
if ! wond]s !re( 7 duly describ$1 ! :ole
 _w1 t is1 all )9 ! la/ circumf]5ce1    
w\ld n conta9 !m4 ,= z 8 ,wisdom is     

inf9ite1 s _c ! due expressions !re( be 
f9ite1 & if ! _w comprise him n1 nei!r c
 x compreh5d ! /ory ( him4              
,,*apt] ,,vi      ,conc]n+ ! vulg>      
op9ion1 t ! ,e>? 0 sl5d]ly peopl$       
be=e ! ,flood4   ,beside ! sl5d]        
consid]ation m5 ( latt] times d hold ( !
 fir/ ages1 x is commonly op9ion$1 & at 
fir/ ?\ght g5]ally imag9$1 t ! e>? 0    
?9ly inhabit$1 at lea/ n remotely plant$
 be=e ! flood2 :]e( !re be+ two op9ions1
 :i* seem to be ( "s extremity1 ! "o too
 l>gely ext5d+1 ! o!r too n>r[ly        
contract+ ! populosity ( ^? times2 we   
%all n pass ov] ?is po9t )\t "s enquiry 
into x4  ,n[ = ! true enquiry !re(1 !   
means are z obscure z ! matt]1 :i* be+  
naturally to be explor$ by ,hi/ory1     
,humane or ,div9e1 receive? !reby no    
small addition ( obscurity4 ,= z =      
humane relations1 !y are s fabul\s 9    
,deucalions flood1 t !y are ( little    
cr$it ab\t ,ogyges & ,noahs4 ,= !       
,hea!ns 7z ,v>ro acc\nte?7 make ?ree    
di/9ctions ( "t3 ! fir/ f ! beg9n+ ( !  

_w unto ! g5]al ,deluge ( ,ogyges1 !y   
t]m ,adelon1 t is1 a "t n mu* unlike t  
:i* 0 be=e "t1 immanife/ & unkn[n2      
because !re( !re is almo/ no?+ or v     
obscurely deliv]$3 = ?\gh div]s ,au?ors 
h made "s m5tion ( ! ,deluge1 z ,mane?on
 ! ,egyptian ,prie/1 ,x5ophon de        
quivocis1 ,fabius ,pictor de ,aureo     
seculo1 ,m>4 ,cato de orig9ibus1 &      
,ar*ilo*us ! ,greek1 :o introduce? also 
! ,te/imony ( ,moses 9 8 fragm5t de     
temporibus3 yet h !y deliv]$ no acc\nt (
 :at prec$$ or w5t be=e4 ,josephus ,i   
confess 9 8 ,disc\rse aga9/ ,appion     
induce? ! antiquity ( ! ,jews unto !    
flood1 & be=e f ! te/imony ( humane     
,writ]s2 insi/+ especially ^u ,maseus ( 
,damascus1 ,j]onimus gyptius1 & ,b]osus2
 & confirm+ ! long duration ( _! lives1 
n only f ^!1 b ! au?ority ( ,hesiod1    
,era?ius1 ,hellanicus & ,agesilaus4     
,b]osus ! ,*aldean ,prie/1 writes mo/   
pla9ly1 m5tion+ ! city ( ,enos1 ! "n (  
,noah & 8 ,sons1 ! build+ ( ! ,ark1 &   
also ! place ( its l&+4 ,& ,diodorus    

,siculus ha? 9 8 ?ird book a passage1   
:i* exam9$1 advance? z high z ,adam3 = !
 ,*aldeans1 sai? he1 d]ive ! ,orig9al ( 
_! ,a/ronomy & lett]s =ty ?ree ?\s& ye>s
 be=e ! ,mon>*y ( ,alex&] ! ,great3 n[ !
 ye>s :]eby !y comput$ ! antiquity ( _! 
lett]s1 be+ z ,x5ophon int]prets to be  
acc\nt$ ,lun>y3 ! compute w arise unto !
 "t ( ,adam4 ,= =ty ?ree ?\s& ,lun>y    
ye>s make ab\t ?ree ?\s& six hundr$     
?irty f\r ye>s1 :i* answ]e? ! ,*ronology
 ( "t f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w unto ! reign (  
,alex&]1 z ,annius ( ,vit]bo compute? 9 
8 ,comm5t ^u ,b]osus4  ,! second space  
or int]val ( "t is acc\nt$ f ! flood    
unto ! fir/ ,olympiad1 t is1 ! ye> ( !  
_w #cagd1 :i* ext5de? unto ! days (     
,isaiah ! ,prophet1 & "s tw5ty ye>s be=e
 ! f\ndation ( ,rome3 ?is !y t]m        
,my?icon or fabul\s1 because ! acc\nt   
!re(1 especially ( ! fir/ "p1 is        
fabul\sly or imp]fectly deliv]$4 ,h]e(  
"s ?+s h be5 briefly relat$ by ! ,au?ors
 above m5tion$3 m p>ticul>ly by ,d>es   
,phrygius1 ,dictys ,cret5sis1 ,h]odotus1

 ,diodorus ,siculus1 & ,trogus          
,pompeius2 ! mo/ fam\s ,greek ,poets    
liv$ also 9 ?is int]val1 z ,orpheus1    
,l9us1 ,musu1 ,hom]1 ,hesiod2 & h]e9 are
 compreh5d$ ! gr\nds & fir/ inv5tions ( 
,poetical fables1 :i* 7 also tak5 up by 
hi/orical ,writ]s1 p]turb+ ! ,*aldean & 
,egyptian ,records ) fabul\s additions2 
& conf\nd+ _! names & /ories1 ) _! own  
inv5tions4  ,! ?ird "t succe$+ until _! 
pres5t ages1 !y t]m ,hi/oricon1 t is1   
su* :]e9 matt]s h be5 m truly hi/orifi$1
 & may !re=e be believ$4 ,( ^! times    
also h be5 writt5 ,h]odotus1 ,?ucydides1
 ,x5ophon1 ,diodorus2 & bo? ( ^! & ! o!r
 prec$+ su* z h deliv]$ univ]sal        
,hi/ories or ,*ronologies2 z 7to omit   
,philo1 ^: ,n>rations conc]n ! ,hebrews7
 ,eusebius1 ,julius ,africanus1         
,orosius1 ,ado ( ,vi5na1 ,m>ianus       
,scotus1 ,hi/oria trip>tita1            
,ursp]g5sis1 ,c>ion1 ,p9$a1 ,salian1 & )
 u ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4  ,n[ f ! fir/  
h]e( t mo/ conc]ne? u1 we h little or no
 assi/ance2 ! fragm5ts & brok5 records  

h]e( in=c+ n at all our purpose4 ,&     
al?\gh "s ?+s n usually obs]v$1 may be f
 !nce collect$1 yet d !y n advantage our
 disc\rse1 nor any way make evid5t !    
po9t 9 h&4 ,= ! second1 ?\gh x directly 
conc]ns u n1 yet 9 reg>d ( our la/ m$ium
 & "s illu/rations !re91 we %all be     
con/ra9$ to make "s use !re(4 ,z = !    
la/1 x conc]ns u n at all2 = treat+ (   
times f> bel[ u1 x c no way advantage u4
 ,& ?\gh div]s 9 ?is la/ ,age h also    
writt5 ( ! fir/1 z all t h deliv]$ !    
g5]al acc\nts ( "t1 yet are _!          
,tractates little auxili>y unto ours1   
nor af=d u any light to det5ebrate &    
cle> ?is ,tru?4  ,z = holy ,scripture & 
div9e revelation1 !re may also seem !re9
 b sl5d] in=mation1 !re be+ only left a 
brief n>ration h]e( by ,moses1 & su* z  
af=ds no positive det]m9ation4 ,= !     
,text deliv]e? b two g5ealogies1 t is1 (
 ,ca9 & ,se?2 9 ! l9e ( ,se? !re are    
only t5 desc5ts1 9 t ( ,ca9 b sev51 & ^?
 9 a "r l9e ) m5tion ( fa!r & son2      
except+ t ( ,lame*1 :]e is also m5tion (

 wives1 sons1 & a daught]4 ,not)/&+ if  
we s]i\sly consid] :at is deliv]$ !re91 
& :at is also d$ucible1 x w be probably 
decl>$ :at is by u int5d$1 t is1 !      
popul\s & ample habitation ( ! e>? be=e 
! flood4 ,:i* we %all lab\r to induce n 
f po/ulates & entreat$ ,maxims1 b       
und5iable ,pr9ciples decl>$ 9 holy      
,scripture2 t is1 ! l5g? ( m5s lives    
be=e ! flood1 & ! l>ge ext5t ( "t f     
,creation !reunto4  ,we %all only fir/  
crave notice1 t al?\gh 9 ! relation (   
,moses !re be v few p]sons m5tion$1 yet 
are !re _m m to be presum$2 nor :5 !    
,scripture 9 ! l9e ( ,se? nom9ates b t5 
p]sons1 are !y to be conceiv$ all t 7 ( 
?is g5]ation3 ,! ,scripture s+ly deliv]+
 ! holy l9e1 :]e9 ! _w 0 to be pres]v$1 
fir/ 9 ,noah1 & aft]w>d 9 our ,savi\r4  
,= 9 ?is l9e x is manife/ !re 7 _m m    
born ?an are nam$1 = x is said ( !m all1
 t !y begat sons & daught]s4 ,& :]eas x 
is v late be=e x is said !y begat ^?    
p]sons :i* are nam$ 9 ! ,scripture1 !   
soone/ at #fe1 x mu/ n be und]/ood t !y 

_h none be=e2 b n any 9 :om x pleas$    
,god ! holy l9e %\ld be cont9u$4 ,&     
al?\gh ! expression t !y begat sons &   
daught]s be n det]m9$ to be be=e or aft]
 ! m5tion ( ^!1 yet mu/ x be be=e 9 "s2 
= be=e x is said t ,adam begat ,se? at !
 #acj ye>1 x is pla9ly affirm$ t ,ca9   
knew 8 wife1 & _h a son2 :i* mu/ be "o (
 ! daught]s ( ,adam1 "o ( ^? :]e( x is  
aft] said1 he begat sons & daught]s4 ,& 
s = ought c be disprov$ !re might be m  
p]sons ^u e>? !n are commonly suppos$1  
:5 ,ca9 slew ,abel2 nor ! fact s ha9\sly
 to be aggravat$ 9 ! circum/ance ( !    
f\r? p]son liv+4 ,& :]eas x is said ^u !
 nativity ( ,se?1 ,god ha? appo9t$ me   
ano!r se$ in/ead ( ,abel1 x do? n imply 
he _h no o!r all ?is :ile2 b n any ( t  
expectation1 or appo9t$ 7z 8 "n applies7
 to make a progression 9 ! holy l9e2 9  
:om ! _w 0 to be sav$1 & f :om he %\ld  
be born1 t 0 my/ically sla9 9 ,abel4    
,n[ our fir/ gr\nd to induce ! num]osity
 ( p be=e ! flood1 is ! long duration ( 
_! lives1 beyond #g1 #h1 & #i1 hundr$   

ye>s4 ,:i* h[ x conduce? unto populosity
 we %all make b little d\bt1 if we      
consid] !re are two ma9 causes (        
num]osity 9 any k9d or species1 t is1 a 
frequ5t & multip>\s way ( bre$+1 :]eby  
!y fill ! _w ) o!rs1 ?\gh !y exi/ n long
 !mselves2 or a long duration &         
subsi/5ce1 :]eby !y d n only repl5i% !  
_w ) a new annum]ation ( o!rs1 b also   
ma9ta9 ! =m] acc\nt 9 !mselves4 ,f !    
fir/ cause we may obs]ve examples 9     
creatures ovip>\s1 z ,birds & ,fi%es2 9 
v]mip>\s1 z ,flies1 ,locu/s1 & ,gnats2 9
 animals also vivip>\s1 z ,sw9e &       
,conies4 ,( ! fir/ !re is a great       
example 9 ! h]d ( ,sw9e 9 ,galilee2     
al?\gh an unclean bea/1 & =bidd5 unto ! 
,jews4 ,( ! o!r a rem>kable "o 9 ,a!nus1
 9 ! ,isle ,a/ipalea1 "o ( ! ,cyclades  
n[ call$ ,/ampalia1 :]e9 f two t 7      
import$1 ! numb] s increas$1 t !        
,inhabitants 7 con/ra9$ to h rec\rse    
unto ! ,oracle ,delphos1 = an inv5tion  
h[ to de/roy !m4  ,o!rs !re are :i* make
 good ! paucity ( _! bre$ ) ! l5g? &    

duration ( _! daies1 :]e( !re want n    
examples 9 animals unip>\s3 ,,sn3 ,a    
,million ( ,beeves ye>ly kill$ 9 ,engl&4
 ,fir/1 9 bisulc\s or clov5-ho(t1 z     
,camels1 & ,beeves1 :]e( !re is above a 
million annually sla9 9 ,engl&4 ,x is   
also said ( ,job1 t he _h a ?\s& yoak ( 
,ox51 & six ?\s& ,camels2 & ( ! *ildr5 (
 ,israel pass+ into ! l& ( ,canaan1 t !y
 took f ! ,midianites ?reescore & t5    
?\s& ,beeves2 & ( ! ,army ( ,semiramis1 
t !re 7 !re9 "o hundr$ ?\s& ,camels4 ,= 
,solip$s or firm-ho($ animals1 z        
,horses1 ,asses1 ,mules1 etc41 !y are   
also 9 mighty numb]s1 s x is deliv]$ t  
,job _h a ?\s& %e ,asses3 t !           
,midianites lo/ sixty "o ?\s& ,asses4 ,=
 ,horses x is affirm$ by ,diodorus1 t   
,n9us br\ght aga9/ ! ,bactrians two     
hundr$ eighty ?\s& ,horses2 aft] him    
,semiramis five hundr$ ?\s& ,horses1 &  
,*>iots "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,ev5 9 creatures
 /]il & su* z d n g5]ate1 ! l5g? ( life 
conduce? mu* unto ! multiplicity ( !    
species2 = ! numb] ( ,mules :i* live f> 

long] !n _! ,dams or ,sires1 9 ,c\ntries
 :]e !y are br$1 is v rem>kable1 & f> m 
common !n ,horses4  ,= ,animals         
multifid\s1 or su* z are digitat$ or h  
sev]al divisions 9 _! feet1 !re are b   
two t are unip>\s1 t is1 ,m5 &          
,elephants2 :o ?\gh _! productions be b 
s+le1 are not)/&+ v num]\s4 ,! ,elephant
 7z ,ari/otle affirme?7 c>rie? ! "y two 
ye>s1 & conceive? n aga9 7z ,edv>dus    
,lopez affirme?7 9 _m aft]1 yet do? _!  
age requite ?is disadvantage2 !y liv+   
commonly "o hundr$1 sometime two hundr$ 
ye>s4 ,n[ al?\gh !y be r>e ) u 9        
,europe1 & altoge!r unkn[n unto ,am]ica1
 yet 9 ! two o!r p>ts ( ! _w !y are 9   
great abundance1 z appe>s by ! relation 
( ,gorcias ab ,horto1 ,physitian to !   
,vic]oy at ,goa1 :o relates t at "o     
v5ation ! ,k+ ( ,sion took f\r ?\s&2 &  
is ( op9ion !y are 9 o!r p>ts 9 great]  
numb] !n h]ds ( ,beeves 9 ,europe4 ,&   
?\gh ?is deliv]$ f a ,spani>d unacqua9t$
 ) our ,nor!rn droves1 may seem v f> to 
exce$2 yet mu/ we conceive !m v num]\s1 

if we consid] ! numb] ( tee? transport$ 
f "o ,c\ntry to ano!r2 !y hav+ only two 
great tee?1 & ^? n fall+ or r5ew+4  ,z =
 man1 ! disadvantage 9 8 s+le issue is !
 same ) ^!1 & 9 ! lat5ess ( 8 g5]ation  
some:at great] !n any2 yet 9 ! cont9ual 
& n int]rupt$ "t !re(1 & ! ext5t ( 8    
days1 he becomes at pres5t1 if n !n any 
o!r species1 at lea/ m num]\s !n ^! be=e
 m5tion$4 ,n[ be+ ?us num]\s at pres5t1 
& 9 ! measure ( ?reescore1 f\rscore or  
an hundr$ ye>s1 if _! dayes ext5d$ unto 
six1 sev51 or eight hundr$1 _! g5]ations
 w\ld be proportionably multipli$2 _!   
times ( g5]ation be+ n only multipli$1 b
 _! subsi/5ce cont9u$4 ,= ?\gh ! great  
,gr&-*ild w5t on1 ! ,petrucius ,,sn3 ,! 
t]m = t p]son f :om consangu9eal        
relations are acc\nt$1 z 9 ! ,arbor     
civilis4 & fir/ ,orig9al w\ld subsi/ &  
make "o ( ! _w2 ?\gh he outliv$ all !   
t]ms ( consangu9ity1 & became a /rang]  
unto 8 prop] prog5y4 ,s by compute (    
,scripture ,adam liv$ unto ! n9?        
g5]ation1 unto ! days ( ,lame* ! ,fa!r (

 ,noah2 ,me?uselah unto ! ye> ( ! flood2
 & ,noah 0 contempor>y unto all f ,eno* 
unto ,abraham4 ,s t al?\gh "s di$1 !    
fa!r behold+ s _m desc5ts1 ! numb] (    
,surviv]s mu/ /ill be v great2 = if half
 ! m5 7 n[ alive1 :i* liv$ 9 ! la/      
,c5tury1 ! e>? w\ld sc>ce conta9 _!     
numb]4 ,:]eas 9 our abridg$ &           
,septuagesimal ,ages1 x is v r>e1 &     
des]ves a ,di/ick ,,sn3 ,mat] ait nat   
dic nat filia1 etc4 to behold ! f\r?    
g5]ation4 ,x]xes compla9t /ill rema9+2 &
 :at he lam5t$ 9 8 ,army1 be+ almo/     
deplorable 9 ! :ole _w3 m5 seldom arriv+
 unto ^? ye>s :]eby ,me?uselah exce$$   
n9e hundr$1 & :at ,adam came %ort ( a   
?\s&1 0 def9$ long ago to be ! age (    
man4  ,n[ al?\gh ! l5g? ( days conduce? 
ma9ly unto ! num]osity ( mank9d1 & x be 
manife/ f ,scripture !y liv$ v long1 yet
 is n ! p]iod ( _! lives det]m9able1 &  
"s might be long] liv]s1 ?an we acc\nt t
 any 74 ,= 7to omit t conceit ( "s1 t   
,adam 0 ! olde/ man1 9 z mu* z he is    
conceiv$ to be creat$ 9 ! maturity (    

mank9d1 t is1 at #fj1 7= 9 t age x is   
set d[n !y begat *ildr57 s t add+ ?is   
numb] unto 8 #icj1 he 0 #ba ye>s old]   
?an any ( 8 po/]ity7 t ev5 ,me?uselah 0 
! longe/ liv] ( all ! *ildr5 ( ,adam1 we
 ne$ n grant2 nor is x def9itively set  
d[n by ,moses4 ,inde$ ( ^? t5 m5tion$ 9 
,scripture1 ) _! sev]all ages x mu/ be  
true2 b :e!r ^? sev5 ( ! l9e ( ,ca9 & _!
 prog5y1 or any ( ! sons or daught]s    
po/]ity aft] !m out-liv$ ^?1 is n       
express$ 9 holy ,scripture2 & x w seem m
 probable1 t ( ! l9e ( ,ca9 "s 7 long]  
liv$ ?an any ( ,se?2 if we conc$e t sev5
 g5]ations ( ! "o liv$ z long z n9e ( ! 
o!r4 ,z = :at is commonly all$g$1 t ,god
 w\ld n p]mit ! life ( any unto a ?\s&1 
because 7allud+ unto t ( ,david7 no man 
%\ld live "o day 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l2     
al?\gh x be urg$ by div]s1 yet is x     
me?9ks an inf]5ce some:at ,rabb9icall2 &
 n ( p[] to p]swade a s]i\s exam9ator4  
,hav+ ?us decl>$ h[ p[]fully ! l5g? (   
lives conduc$ unto populosity ( ^?      
times1 x w yet be easi] ackn[l$g$ if we 

desc5d to p>ticul>ities1 & consid] h[ _m
 9 sev5 hundr$ ye>s might desc5d f "o   
man2 :]e9 consid]+ ! l5g? ( _! dayes1 we
 may conceive ! greate/ numb] to h be5  
alive toge!r4 ,& ?is t no reasonable _s 
may contradict1 we w decl>e ) manife/   
disadvantage2 = :]eas ! duration ( ! _w 
unto ! flood 0 above #afjj ye>s1 we w   
make our compute 9 less !n half t "t4   
,nor w we beg9 ) ! fir/ man1 b all[ !   
e>? to be provid$ ( wom5 fit = m>riage !
 second or ?ird fir/ ,c5turies2 & w only
 take z grant$1 t !y might beget *ildr5 
at sixty1 & at an hundr$ ye>s h tw5ty1  
all[+ = t numb] =ty ye>s4 ,nor w we h]e9
 s+le out ,me?uselah1 or acc\nt f !     
longe/ liv]s1 b make *oice ( ! %orte/ ( 
any we f9d record$ 9 ! ,text1 except+   
,eno*2 :o aft] he _h liv$ z _m ye>s z   
!re be days 9 ! ye>1 0 translat$ at     
#cfe4 ,& ?us f "o /ock ( sev5 hundr$    
ye>s1 multiply+ /ill by tw5ty1 we %all  
f9d ! product to be "o ?\s&1 ?ree hundr$
 =ty sev5 millions1 ?ree hundr$ sixty   
eight ?\s&1 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty4         

#a #bj4                          #b     
#djj4                          #c #hjjj4
                          #d #afj1jjj4  
,c5tury  #e #c1bjj1jjj4                 
#f #df1jjj1jjj4                         
#g #a1bhj1jjj1jjj4                      
-----------------                       
,product     #a1cdg1cfh1dbj4  ,n[ if ?is
 acc\nt ( ! le>n$ ,petavius w be all[$1 
x w make an unexpect$ encrease1 & a l>g]
 numb] ?an may be f\nd 9 ,asia1 ,africa 
& ,europe2 especially if 9              
,con/ant9ople1 ! greate/ ,city !re(1 !re
 be no m ( ,europe ?an ,bot]o acc\nte?1 
sev5 hundr$ ?\s& s\ls4 ,:i* duly        
consid]$1 we %all r admire h[ ! e>?     
conta9$ its inhabitants1 !n d\bt its    
inhabitation2 & might conceive ! deluge 
n simply p5all1 b 9 "s way also         
necess>y1 z _m h conceiv$ (             
translations1 if ,adam _h n s9n$1 & !   
race ( man _h rema9$ ^u e>? immortal4   
,n[ :]eas "s to make good _! longevity1 
h imag9$ t ! ye>s ( _! compute 7 ,lun>y2
 unto ^! we mu/ reply3 ,t if by a ,lun>y

 ye> !y und]/& twelve revolutions ( !   
,moon1 t is #ced days1 elev5 few] !n 9 !
 ,sol>y ye>2 !re w be no great diff]5ce2
 at lea/ n suffici5t to conv9ce or      
ext5uate ! "q4 ,b if by a ,lun>y ye> !y 
mean "o revolution ( ! ,moon1 t is1 a   
mone?1 !y fir/ introduce a ye> nev] us$ 
by ! ,hebrews 9 _! ,civil accompts2 &   
:at is deliv]$ be=e ( ! ,*aldean ye>s 7z
 ,x5ophon gives a caution7 0 only       
receiv$ 9 ! ,*ronology ( _! ,arts4      
,secondly1 !y contradict ! ,scripture1  
:i* makes a pla9 enum]ation ( _m mone?s 
9 ! acc\nt ( ! ,deluge2 = s is x        
express$ 9 ! ,text4 ,9 ! t5? mone?1 9 ! 
fir/ day ( ! mone? 7 ! tops ( ! m\nta9s 
se53 ,concordant :]eunto is ! relation (
 humane ,au?ors1 ,inundationes plures   
fu]e1 prima novime/ris inundatio t]r>um 
sub prisco ,ogyge4 ,,sn3 ,x5ophon de    
quivocis4 ,mem9isse hoc loco p> e/ po/  
primum diluvium ,ogygi temporibus       
notatum1 cum novem et amplius m5sibus   
diem cont9ua nox inumbrasset1 ,delon    
ante omnes t]ras radiis solis illum9atum

 sortitumque ex eo nom54 ,,sn3 ,sol9us4 
,& la/ly1 !y fall ^u an absurdity1 = !y 
make ,eno* to beget *ildr5 ab\t six ye>s
 ( age4 ,= :]eas x is said he begat     
,me?uselah at #fe1 if we %all acc\nt e  
mone? a ye>1 he 0 at t "t "s six ye>s & 
an half1 = s _m mone?s are conta9$ 9 t  
space ( "t4  ,hav+ ?us decl>$ h[ mu* !  
l5g? ( m5s lives conduc$ unto !         
populosity ( _! k9d1 our second         
f\ndation mu/ be ! l>ge ext5t ( "t1 f ! 
,creation unto ! ,deluge1 t is 7accord+ 
unto receiv$ computes ab\t #afee ye>s7  
almo/ z long a "t z ha? pass$ s9ce !    
nativity ( our ,savi\r3 & ?is we _c b   
conceive suffici5t = a v l>ge increase1 
if we d b affirm :at reasonable enquir]s
 w n d5y3 ,t ! e>? might be z popul\s 9 
t numb] ( ye>s be=e ! flood1 z we c     
manife/ x 0 9 ! same numb] aft]4 ,&     
:]eas !re may be conceiv$ "s            
disadvantage1 9 reg>d t at ! ,creation !
 orig9al ( mank9d 0 9 two p]sons1 b aft]
 ! flood _! propagation issu$ at lea/ f 
six2 aga9/ ?is we might v well set !    

l5g? ( _! lives be=e ! flood1 :i* 7     
abbreviat$ aft]1 & 9 half ?is space     
contract$ into hundr$s & ?reescores4    
,not)/&+ to equalize acc\nts1 we w all[ 
?ree hundr$ ye>s1 & s long a "t z we c  
manife/ f ! ,scripture4 ,!re 7 f\r m5 at
 lea/ t begat *ildr51 ,adam1 ,ca91 ,se?1
 & ,enos2 ,s %all we fairly & fav\rably 
proce$1 if we affirm ! _w to h be5 z    
popul\s 9 sixte5 hundr$ & fifty be=e !  
flood1 z x 0 9 ?irte5 hundr$ aft]4 ,n[  
h[ popul\s & l>gely inhabit$ x 0 )9 ?is 
p]iod ( "t1 we %all decl>e f            
probabilities1 & sev]al te/imonies (    
,scripture & humane ,au?ors4  ,& fir/1  
,to manife/ ! same ne] ^? p>ts ( ! e>?  
:]e ! ,ark is presum$ to h re/$1 we h ! 
relation ( holy ,scripture acc\nt+ !    
g5ealogy ( ,japhet1 ,*am & ,sem1 & 9 ?is
 la/1 f\r desc5ts unto ! division ( !   
e>? 9 ! days ( ,peleg1 :i* "t al?\gh x 7
 n ^u common compute mu* above an hundr$
 ye>s1 yet 7 m5 at ?is "t mightily      
increas$4 ,nor c we well conceive x     
o!rwise1 if we consid] !y began already 

to w&] f _! fir/ habitation1 & 7 able to
 attempt s mighty a "w z ! build+ ( a   
,city & a ,t[]1 ^: top %\ld rea* unto ! 
heav5s4 ,:]eunto !re 0 requir$ no sl5d] 
numb] ( p]sons1 if we consid] !         
magnitude !re(1 express$ by "s1 &       
conceiv$ to be ,turris ,beli 9          
,h]odotus2 & ! multitudes ( p record$ at
 ! erect+ ( ! l or inf]i\r /ructures3 = 
at ! build+ ( ,solomons ,temple !re 7   
?reescore & t5 ?\s& t c>ri$ burd5s1 &   
f\rscore ?\s& hew]s 9 ! m\nta9s1 beside 
! *ief ( 8 (fic]s ?ree ?\s& & ?ree      
hundr$2 & at ! erect+ ( ! ,piramids 9 ! 
reign ( ,k+ ,*eops1 z ,h]odotus reports1
 !re 7 decem myriads1 t is an hundr$    
?\s& m54 ,& ?\gh x be said ( !          
,egyptians1 ,porrum et cpe nefas viol>e 
et frang]e morsu ,,sn3 ,juv5al42 yet did
 ! summes exp5d$ 9 ,g>lick & ,onyons    
am\nt unto no less !n "o ?\s& six hundr$
 ,tal5ts4  ,sid5ote3 ,:o ,nimrod &      
,assur 74  ,! fir/ ,mon>*y or ,k+dom (  
,babylon is m5tion$ 9 ,scripture "u !   
f\ndation ( ,nimrod1 :i* is also record$

 9 humane hi/ory2 z beside ,b]osus1 9   
,diodorus & ,ju/9e1 = ,nimrod ( !       
,scriptures is ,belus ( ! ,g5tiles1 &   
,assur ! same ) ,n9us 8 success\r4 ,!re 
is also m5tion ( div]s ,cities1         
p>ticul>ly ( ,n9ivey & ,res5 express$   
emphatically 9 ! ,text to be a great    
,city4  ,t o!r ,c\ntries r\nd ab\t 7    
also peopl$1 appe>s by ! ,w>s ( !       
,mon>*s ( ,assyria ) ! ,bactrians1      
,indians1 ,scy?ians1 ,e?iopians1        
,arm5ians1 ,hyrcanians1 ,p>?ians1       
,p]sians1 ,susians2 !y vanqui%+ 7z      
,diodorus relate?7 ,egypt1 ,syria1 & all
 ,asia m9or1 ev5 f ,bosphorus unto      
,tanais4 ,& x is said1 t ,semiramis 9 h]
 exp$ition aga9/ ! ,indians br\ght along
 ) h] ! ,k+ ( ,arabia4 ,ab\t ! same "t (
 ! ,assyrian ,mon>*y1 d ,au?ors place t 
( ! ,sycionians 9 ,greece1 & soon aft] t
 ( ! ,argives1 & n v long aft]1 t ( !   
,a!nians "u ,cecrops2 & )9 our p]iod    
assum$ are hi/orifi$ _m memorable       
actions ( ! ,greeks1 z ! exp$ition ( !  
,argonautes1 ) ! mo/ fam\s ,w>s ( ,!bes 

& ,troy4  ,t ,canaan also & ,egypt 7    
well peopl$ f> )9 ?is p]iod1 besides _! 
plantation by ,canaan & ,misraim1       
appe>e? f ! hi/ory ( ,abraham1 :o 9 less
 !n #djj ye>s aft] ! ,flood1 j\rni$ f   
,mesopotamia unto ,canaan & ,egypt1 bo? 
:i* he f\nd well peopl$ & polici$ into  
,k+doms3 :]e9 also 9 #dcj ye>s1 f       
?reescore & t5 p]sons :i* came ) ,jacob 
into ,egypt1 he became a mighty ,nation2
 = x is said1 at _! dep>ture1 !re       
j\rney$ f ,rhamesis to ,succo? ab\t six 
hundr$ ?\s& on foot1 t 7 m51 besides    
*ildr54 ,n[ h[ popul\s ! l& f :5ce !y   
came 01 may be collect$ n only f _!     
ability 9 comm&+ su* subjections &      
mighty p[]s "u !m1 b f ! sev]al acc\nts 
( t ,k+dom deliv]$ by ,h]odotus4 ,& h[  
soon x 0 peopl$1 is evid5c$ f ! pill> ( 
_! ,k+ ,osyris1 ) ?is inscription 9     
,diodorus2 ,mihi pat] e/ ,saturnus      
deorum junior1 sum v]o ,osyris rex qui  
totum p]agravi orbem usq2 ad ,indorum   
f9es1 ad eos quoq2 sum pr(ectus qui     
sept5trioni subjac5t usq2 ad ,i/ri      

fontes1 et alias p>tes usq2 ad ,occanum4
 ,,sn3 ,:o ,osyris & ,saturnus gyptius  
74 ,n[ accord+ unto ! be/ det]m9ations  
,osyris 0 ,misraim1 & ,saturnus         
,egyptius ! same ) ,*am2 aft] ^: "n     
,egypt is n only call$ 9 ,scripture !   
laud ( ,ham1 b ?us mu* is also te/ifi$  
by ,plut>*2 = 9 8 ,treatise de ,osyride1
 he deliv]e? t ,egypt 0 call$ ,*amia a  
,*amo ,noe filio1 t is f ,*am ! son (   
,noah4 ,& if accord+ to ! cons5t (      
anci5t ,fa!rs1 ,adam 0 buri$ 9 ! same   
place :]e ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$1 t is ,m\nt  
,calv>y1 ! fir/ man rang$ f> be=e !     
,flood1 & laid 8 bones _m miles f t     
place1 :]e its presum$ he receiv$ !m4 ,&
 ?is migration 0 ! great]1 if z ! text  
expresse?1 he 0 ca/ out ( ! ,ea/-side ( 
,p>adise to till ! gr\nd2 & z !         
,position ( ! ,*]ub9es implie?1 :o 7    
plac$ at ! ea/ end ( ! g>d5 to keep him 
f ! tree ( life4  ,t ! remot] p>ts ( !  
e>? 7 9 ?is "t inhabit$ is also         
induceable f ! l te/imonies2 = 7omitt+ !
 num]ation ( ,josephus1 & ! g5ealogies (

 ! ,sons ( ,noah7 t ,italy 0 inhabit$1  
appe>e? f ! ,records ( ,livie1 &        
,dionysius ,halic>nasscus1 ! /ory (     
neas1 ,ev&] & ,janus1 :om ,annius (     
,vit]bo1 & ! ,*orograph]s ( ,italy1 d   
make to be ! same ) ,noah4 ,t ,sicily 0 
also peopl$1 is made out f ! frequ5t    
m5tion !re( 9 ,hom]1 ! ,records (       
,diodorus & o!rs2 b especially f a      
rem>kable passage t\*$ by ,aretius &    
,ranzanus ,bi%op ( ,luc]ium1 b fully    
expla9$ by ,?omas ,fazelli 9 8 accurate 
,hi/ory ( ,sicily2 t is1 f an anci5t    
inscription 9 a /one at ,panormo1       
express$ by him 9 its prop] *>act]s1 &  
by a ,syrian ?us translat$1 ,non e/     
alius ,deus prt] unum ,deum1 non e/     
alius pot5s prt] eundem ,deum1 neq2 e/  
alius victor prt] eundem quem colimus   
,deum3 ,hujus turris prfectus e/ ,sapha 
filius ,eliphat1 filii ,esau1 fratris   
,jacob1 filii ,isaac1 filii ,abraham3 et
 turri quidem ipsi nom5 e/ ,bay*1 s$    
turri huic proxim nom5 e/ ,ph>a?4 ,!    
antiquity ( ! inhabitation ( ,spa9 is   

also confirmable1 n only f ,b]osus 9 !  
plantation ( ,tubal1 & a ,city cont9u+  
yet 9 8 "n1 b ! /ory ( ,g]ion1 ! travels
 ( ,h]cules & 8 pill>s3 & especially a  
passage 9 ,/rabo1 :i* advance? unto ! "t
 ( ,n9us1 ?us deliv]$ 9 8 f\r? book4 ,! 
,spani>ds 7sai? he7 affirm t !y h _h    
,laws & ,lett]s above six ?\s& ye>s4 ,n[
 ! ,spani>ds or ,ib]ians obs]v+ 7z      
,x5ophon ha? deliv]$7 ,annum            
quadrime/rem1 f\r mone?s unto a ye>1 ?is
 compute w make up #bjjj sol>y ye>s1 :i*
 is ab\t ! space ( "t f ,/rabo1 :o liv$ 
9 ! days ( ,augu/us1 unto ! reign (     
,n9us4  ,t ,mauritania & ! coa/ (       
,africa 7 peopl$ v soon1 is ! conjecture
 ( _m wise m51 & t by ! ,phnicians1 :o  
left _! ,c\ntry ^u ! invasion ( ,canaan 
by ! ,israelites4 ,= beside ! con=mity (
 ! ,punick or ,c>?ag9ian language ) t ( 
,phnicia1 !re is a pregnant & v         
rem>kable te/imony h]e( 9 ,procopius1 :o
 9 8 second de bello ,v&alico1 recorde?1
 t 9 a t[n ( ,mauritania ,t+itana1 !re 0
 to be se5 ^u two :ite ,columns 9 !     

,phnician language ^! ensu+ words2 ,nos 
,maurici sumus qui fugimus a facie      
,jehos*ua filii ,nunis prdatoris4 ,!    
=tunate ,isl&s or ,can>ies 7 n unkn[n2 =
 s do? ,/rabo int]pret t spee* 9 ,hom] (
 ,proteus unto ,m5elaus1            ,s$ 
te qua t]r po/remus t]m9us extat1       
,elysium 9 ,campum cle/ia num9a ducunt4 
,! l might we affirm f cr$ible hi/ories 
bo? ( ,france & ,g]many1 & p]haps also (
 our own ,c\ntry4 ,= omitt+ ! fabul\s & 
,trojan orig9al deliv]$ by ,je(rey (    
,monm\?1 & ! express text ( ,scripture2 
t ! race ( ,japhet did p ! ,isles ( !   
,g5tiles2 ! ,britti% ,orig9al 0 s       
obscure 9 ,cs>s "t1 t he affirme? !     
,inl& inhabitants 7 ,aborig9es1 t is1   
su* z report$ t !y _h _! beg9n+ 9 !     
,isl&4 ,t ,irel& our neighb\r ,isl& 0 n 
long "t )\t ,inhabitants1 may be made   
probable by sundry acc\nts2 al?\gh we   
abate ! ,traditions ( ,b>?olanus !      
,scy?ian1 :o arriv$ !re ?ree hundr$ ye>s
 aft] ! flood1 or ! relation (          
,giraldus2 t ,cs>ia ! daught] ( ,noah   

dwelt !re be=e4  ,n[ %\ld we call 9 !   
le>n$ acc\nt ( ,bo*>tus ,,sn3 ,bo*>t4   
,geog4 ,sacr4 "p4 #b41 d$uc+ ! anci5t   
names ( ,c\ntries f ,phnicians1 :o by _!
 plantations1 discov]ies1 & sea         
negotiations1 h left unto v _m          
,c\ntries1 ,phnician d5om9ations2 !     
enquiry w\ld be mu* %ort]1 & if ,spa9 9 
! ,phnician ,orig9al1 be b ! region (   
,conies1 ,lusitania1 or ,portugal !     
,c\ntrey ( ,almonds1 if ,brittanica 7 at
 fir/ ,b>atanaca1 or ! l& ( ,t91 &      
,ib]nia or ,irel&1 7 b ,ib]nae1 or !    
f>!/ habitation2 & ^! names impos$ &    
disp]s$ by ,phnician ,colonies 9 _!     
sev]al navigations2 ! ,antiquity (      
habitations might be m cle>ly advanc$4  
,?us ?\gh we h decl>$ h[ l>gely ! _w 0  
inhabit$ )9 ! space ( #acjj ye>s1 yet   
mu/ x be conceiv$ m popul\s !n c be     
cle>ly ev9c$2 = a great] "p ( ! e>? ha? 
ev] be5 peopl$1 !n ha? be5 kn[n or      
describ$ by ,geograph]s1 z w appe> by ! 
discov]ies ( all ,ages4 ,= nei!r 9      
,h]odotus or ,?ucydides d we f9d any    

m5tion ( ,rome1 nor 9 ,ptolomy ( _m p>ts
 ( ,europe1 ,asia or ,africa4 ,& because
 _m places we h decl>$ ( long           
plantations ( ^: populosity not)/&+ or  
memorable actions we h no anci5t /ory2  
if we may conjecture ( ^! by :at we f9d 
relat$ ( o!rs1 we %all n ne$ _m words1  
nor assume ! half ( #acjj ye>s4 ,& ?is  
we might illu/rate f ! mighty acts ( !  
,assyrians p]=m$ n long aft] ! flood2   
record$ by ,ju/9e & ,diodorus2 :o makes 
relation ( exp$itions by ,armies m      
num]\s !n h be5 ev] s9ce4 ,= ,n9us ,k+ (
 ,assyria br\ght aga9/ ! ,bactrians     
#gjjjjj foot1 #bjjjjj horse1 #ajfjj     
,*>iots4 ,semiramis 8 successor l$ aga9/
 ! ,indians #acjjjjj foot1 #ejjjjj      
horse1 #ajjjjj ,*>iots1 & z _m ^u       
,camels3 ,& x is said1 ,/aurobates !    
,indian ,k+1 met h] ) great] =ces !n %e 
br\ght aga9/ him4 ,all :i* 0 p]=m$ )9   
less !n f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ! flood4   
,n[ if any imag9e ! unity ( _! language 
did h9d] _! disp]sion be=e ! flood1 we  
confess x "s h9drance at fir/1 b n mu*  

aft]w>d4 ,= ?\gh x might re/ra9 _!      
disp]sion1 x c\ld n _! populosity2 :i*  
necess>ily require? transmigration &    
emission ( ,colonies2 z we read (       
,romans1 ,greeks1 ,phnicians 9 ages pa/1
 & h beheld examples !re( 9 our days4   
,we may also obs]ve t aft] ! flood be=e 
! confusion ( tongues1 m5 began to      
disp]se3 = x is said1 !y j\rney$ t[>ds !
 ,ea/3 & ! ,scripture x self expresse? a
 necessity conceiv$ ( _! disp]sion1 = ! 
int5t ( erect+ ! ,t[] is s deliv]$ 9 !  
text1 ,le/ we be scatt]$ abroad ^u !    
face ( ! e>?4  ,sid5ote3 ,:e!r any      
,isl&s be=e ! ,flood4  ,aga91 ,if any   
appreh5d ! plantation ( ! e>? m easie 9 
reg>d ( ,navigation & %ipp+ discov]$    
s9ce ! flood1 :]eby ! ,isl&s & divid$   
p>ts ( ! e>? are n[ inhabit$2 he mu/    
consid]1 t :e!r !re 7 ,isl&s or no be=e 
! flood1 is n yet det]m9$1 & is )       
probability d5i$ by v le>n$ ,au?ors4    
,la/ly1 ,if we %all fall into           
appreh5sion t x 0 less inhabit$1 because
 x is said 9 ! sixt ( ,g5esis ab\t a    

#abj ye>s be=e ! flood1 & x came to pass
 t :5 m5 began to multiply ^u ! face ( !
 e>?4 ,beside t ?is may be only meant ( 
! race ( ,ca91 x w n import !y 7 n      
multipli$ be=e1 b t !y 7 at t "t        
pl5tifully encreas$2 = s is ! same ^w   
us$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ,scripture4 ,& s is x  
aft]w>d 9 ! #i ,*apt] said1 t ,noah     
began to be an husb&man1 t is1 he 0 s1  
or e>ne/ly p]=m$ ! ,acts !re(2 s x is   
said ( our ,savi\r1 t he began to ca/ !m
 out t b\ght & sold 9 ! ,temple1 t is1  
he actually ca/ !m out1 or ) alacrity   
effect$ x4  ,?us h ,i decl>$ "s private 
& probable conceptions 9 ! enquiry ( ?is
 tru?2 b ! c]ta9ty h]e( let !           
,ari?metick ( ! la/ day det]m9e2 & !re=e
 expect no fur!r belief ?an probability 
& reason induce4 ,only desire m5 w\ld n 
swall[ dubiosities = c]ta9ties1 &       
receive z ,pr9ciples po9ts ma9ly        
controv]tible2 = we are to adh]e unto   
?+s d\btful 9 a dubi\s & op9ative way4  
,x be+ reasonable = e man to v>y 8      
op9ion accord+ to ! v>iance ( 8 reason1 

& to affirm "o day :at he d5i$ ano!r4   
,:]e9 al?\gh at la/ we miss ( tru?2 we  
die not)/&+ 9 h>mless & in(f5sive       
errors2 because we adh]e unto t1 :]eunto
 ! exam5 ( our reasons1 & hone/         
enquiries induce u4                     
,,*apt] ,,vii                           
,( ,ea/1 & ,we/4   ,! next %all be (    
,ea/ & ,we/2 t is1 ! proprieties &      
conditions ascrib$ unto ,regions        
respectively unto ^? situations2 :i* ha?
 be5 ! obvi\s conception ( ,philosoph]s 
& ,geograph]s1 magnify+ ! condition (   
,india1 & ! ,ea/]n ,c\ntries1 above !   
sett+ & occid5tal ,climates1 "s ascrib+ 
h]eto ! g5]ation ( gold1 preci\s /ones &
 spices1 o!rs ! civility & natural      
end[m5ts ( m52 conceiv+ ! bodies ( ?is  
situation to receive a special          
impression f ! fir/ salutes ( ! ,sun1 & 
"s appropriate influ5ce f 8 asc5d5t &   
ori5tal radiations4 ,b ^! proprieties   
affix$ unto bodies1 ^u consid]ations    
d$uc$ f ,ea/1 ,we/1 or ^? obs]vable     
po9ts ( ! sph]e1 h[ speci\s & plausible 

s ev]1 w n ^u enquiry be ju/ifi$ f su*  
f\ndations4  ,= to speak /rictly1 !re is
 no ,ea/ & ,we/ 9 nature1 nor are ^?    
absolute & inv>iable1 b respective &    
mutable po9ts1 accord+ unto diff]5t     
longitudes1 or di/ant p>ts ( habitation1
 :]eby !y suff] _m & consid]able        
v>iations4 ,= fir/1 unto "s ! same "p w 
be ,ea/ or ,we/ 9 respect ( "o ano!r1 t 
is1 unto su* z inhabit ! same p>allel1  
or diff]5tly dwell f ,ea/ to ,we/4 ,?us 
z unto ,spa91 ,italy lye? ,ea/1 unto    
,italy ,greece1 unto ,greece ,p]sia1 &  
unto ,p]sia ,*9a2 s aga9 unto ! ,c\ntry 
( ,*9a1 ,p]sia lye? ,we/1 unto ,p]sia   
,greece1 unto ,greece ,italy1 & unto    
,italy ,spa94 ,s t ! same ,c\ntrey is   
sometimes ,ea/ & sometimes ,we/2 &      
,p]sia ?\gh ,ea/ unto ,greece1 yet is x 
,we/ unto ,*9a4  ,unto o!r habitations !
 same po9t w be bo? ,ea/ & ,we/2 z unto 
^? t are ,antipodes or seat$ 9 po9ts ( !
 ,globe diametrically oppos$4 ,s !      
,am]icans are ,antipodal unto !         
,indians1 & "s "p ( ,india is bo? ,ea/ &

 ,we/ unto ,am]ica1 accord+ z x %all be 
reg>d$ f "o side or ! o!r1 to ! "r or to
 ! left2 & sett+ out f any middle po9t1 
ei!r by ,ea/ or ,we/1 ! di/ance unto !  
place int5d$ is equal1 & 9 ! same space 
( "t 9 nature also p]=mable4  ,to a ?ird
 t h ! ,poles = _! v]tex1 or dwell 9 !  
position ( a p>allel sph]e1 !re w be    
nei!r ,ea/ nor ,we/1 at lea/ ! greate/  
"p ( ! ye>4 ,= if 7z ! "n ,ori5tal      
implye?7 !y %all acc\nt t "p to be ,ea/ 
:]e ev] ! ,sun arise?1 or t ,we/ :]e !  
,sun is occid5tal or sette?3 almo/ half 
! ye> !y h nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,= half
 ! ye> x is bel[ _! ,horizon1 & ! o!r   
half x is cont9ually above x1 & circl+  
r\nd ab\t !m int]sect+ n ! ,horizon1 nor
 leave? any "p = ?is compute4 ,& if 7:i*
 w seem v reasonable7 t "p %\ld be t]m$ 
! ,ea/]n po9t1 :]e ! ,sun at qu9ox1 & b 
once 9 ! ye> arise?1 yet w ?is also     
di/urb ! c>d9al acc\nts1 nor w x )      
propriety admit t appellation4 ,= t     
surely _c be acc\nt$ ,ea/ :i* ha? ! ,s\?
 on bo? sides2 :i* not)/&+ ?is position 

mu/ h4 ,= if unto su* z live "u ! ,pole1
 t he only ,nor? :i* is above !m1 t mu/ 
be ,s\!rly :i* is bel[ !m1 :i* is all ! 
o!r portion ( ! by ,globe1 beside t "p  
possess$ !m4 ,& ?us ^! po9ts ( ,ea/ &   
,we/ be+ n absolute 9 any1 respective 9 
"s1 & n at all relat+ unto o!rs2 we _c  
h]eon e/abli% s g5]al consid]ations1 nor
 reasonably erect su* immutable         
ass]tions1 ^u s un/able f\ndations4  ,n[
 ! gr\nd t begat or promot$ ?is conceit1
 0 fir/ a mi/ake 9 ! appreh5sion ( ,ea/ 
& ,we/1 consid]+ !re( z ( ! ,nor? &     
,s\?1 & comput+ by ^! z inv>iably z by !
 o!r2 b h]e91 ^u second ?\ghts !re is a 
great disp>ity4 ,,sn3 ,:at ! ,nor!rn &  
,s\!rn ,poles be4 ,= ! ,nor? & ,s\!rn   
,pole1 are ! inv>iable t]ms ( t ,axis   
:]eon ! heav5s d move2 & are !re=e      
incommunicable & fix$ po9ts2 :]( ! "o is
 n appreh5sible 9 ! o!r4 ,b ) ,ea/ &    
,we/ x is q o!rwise3 = ! revolution ( ! 
,orbs be+ made ^u ! ,poles ( ,nor? &    
,s\?1 all o!r po9ts ab\t ! ,axis are    
mutable2 & :]esoev] !re9 ! ,ea/ po9t be 

det]m9$1 by succession ( p>ts 9 "o      
revolution e po9t become? ,ea/4 ,& s if 
:]e ! ,sun arise?1 t "p be t]m$ ,ea/1 e 
habitation diff]+ 9 longitude1 w h ?is  
po9t also diff]5t2 9 z mu* z ! ,sun     
successively arise? unto e "o4  ,!      
second gr\nd1 al?\gh x dep5d ^u ! =m]1  
approa*e? ne>] ! effect2 & t is !       
efficacy ( ! ,sun1 set out & divid$     
accord+ to priority ( asc5t2 :]eby 8    
influ5ce is conceiv$ m fav\rable unto "o
 ,c\ntrey ?an ano!r1 & to felicitate    
,india m ?an any aft]4 ,b h]eby we _c   
avoid absurdities1 & su* z inf] effects 
contr\lable by our s5ses4 ,= fir/1 by ! 
same reason t we affirm ! ,indian ri*]  
?an ! ,am]ican1 ! ,am]ican w also be m  
pl5tiful ?an ! ,indian1 & ,engl& or     
,spa9 m fruitful ?an ,hispaniola or     
gold5 ,ca/le3 9 z mu* z ! ,sun arise?   
unto ! "o soon] ?an ! o!r3 & s          
acc\ntably unto any ,nation subject$    
unto ! same p>allel1 or ) a consid]able 
div]sity ( longitude f ea* o!r4         
,secondly1 ,an unsuff]able absurdity w  

ensue3 = !reby a ,c\ntry may be m       
fruitful ?an x self3 ,= ,india is m     
f]tile ?an ,spa91 because m ,ea/1 & t ! 
,sun arise? fir/ unto x3 ,spa91 likewise
 by ! same reason m fruitful ?an        
,am]ica1 & ,am]ica ?an ,india3 s t ,spa9
 is less fruitful ?an t ,c\ntrey1 :i* a 
less f]tile ,c\ntry ?an x self excelle?4
  ,la/ly1 ,if we conceive ! ,sun ha? any
 advantage by priority ( asc5t1 or makes
 !reby "o ,c\ntry m happy ?an ano!r1 we 
introduce inju/ifiable det]m9ations1 &  
impose a natural p>tiality on t ,lum9>y1
 :i* be+ equidi/ant f ! e>?1 & equally  
remov$ 9 ! ,ea/ z 9 ! ,we/1 8 ,p[] &    
,efficacy 9 bo? places mu/ be equal1 z  
,boetius ha? tak5 notice1 & ,scalig]    
,,sn3 ,de gemmis ex]citat4 ha?          
graphically decl>$4 ,"s h !re=e =sak5   
?is refuge ( ! ,sun1 & to salve ! effect
 h recurr$ unto ! influ5ce ( ! ,/>s1    
mak+ _! activities ,national1 &         
appropriat+ _! ,p[]s unto p>ticul>      
regions4 ,s ,c>dan conceive? ! tail (   
,ursa ,major peculi>ly respecte?        

,europe3 :]eas inde$ once 9 #bd h\rs x  
also absolve? its c\rse ov] ,asia &     
,am]ica4 ,& !re=e x w n be easie to     
appreh5d ^? />s peculi>ly glance on u1  
:o mu/ ( necessity c>ry a common eye &  
reg>d unto all ,c\ntries1 unto :om _!   
revolution & v]ticity is also common4   
,! effects !re=e or diff]5t productions 
9 sev]al ,c\ntries1 :i* we impute unto !
 action ( ! ,sun1 mu/ surely h ne>] & m 
imm$iate causes ?an t ,lum9>y4 ,& ^! if 
we place 9 ! propriety ( clime1 or      
condition ( soil :]e9 !y are produc$1 we
 %all m reasonably proce$1 ?an !y :o    
ascribe !m unto ! activity ( ! ,sun4 ,^:
 revolution be+ regul>1 x ha? no p[] nor
 efficacy peculi> f its ori5tality1 b   
equally disp]se? 8 beams unto all1 :i*  
equally1 & 9 ! same re/riction1 receive 
8 lu/re4 ,& be+ an univ]sal & indef9ite 
ag5t1 ! effects or productions we       
behold1 receive n _! circle f 8         
causality1 b are det]m9$ by ! pr9ciples 
( ! place1 or qualities ( t region :i*  
admits !m4 ,& ?is is evid5t n only 9    

gemms1 m9]als1 & mettals1 b obs]vable 9 
plants & animals2 :]e( "s are common    
unto _m ,c\ntries1 "s peculi> unto "o1  
"s n communicable unto ano!r4 ,,sn3     
,:5ce proce$ ! diff]5t commodities (    
sev]al ,c\ntries4 ,= ! h& ( ,god t fir/ 
creat$ ! e>?1 ha? ) v>iety dispos$ !    
pr9ciples ( all ?+s2 wisely contriv+ !m 
9 _! prop] sem9>ies1 & :]e !y be/ ma9ta9
 ! int5tion ( _! species2 :]e( if !y h n
 a concurr5ce1 & be n lodg$ 9 a conv5i5t
 matrix1 !y are n excit$ by ! efficacy (
 ! ,sun2 or fail+ 9 p>ticul> causes1    
receive a relief or suffici5t promotion 
f ! univ]sal4 ,= al?\gh sup]i\r p[]s    
co-op]ate ) inf]i\r activities1 & may 7z
 "s conceive7 c>ry a /roke 9 ! pla/ick &
 =mative draught ( all ?+s1 yet d _!    
det]m9ations belong unto p>ticul> ag5ts1
 & are def9$ f _! prop] pr9ciples4 ,?us 
! ,sun :i* ) u is fruitful 9 ! g5]ation 
( ,frogs1 ,toads & ,s]p5ts1 to ?is      
effect proves impot5t 9 our neighb\r    
,isl&2 :]e9 z 9 all o!r c>ry+ a common  
aspect1 x concurre? b unto pr$ispos$    

effects2 & only suscitates ^? =ms1 ^:   
det]m9ations are sem9al1 & proce$ f !   
,idea ( !mselves4  ,sid5ote3 ,:y        
,a/rological judgm5ts ^u ,nativities be 
tak5 f ! ,asc5d5t4  ,n[ :]eas !re be _m 
obs]vations conc]n+ ,ea/1 & div]s       
consid]ations ( ,art :i* seem to extol !
 quality ( t po9t1 if rightly und]/ood  
!y d n really promote x4 ,t ! ,a/rolog] 
takes acc\nt ( nativities f ! ,asc5d5t1 
t is1 ! fir/ h\se ( ! heav5s1 ^: beg9n+ 
is t[>d ! ,ea/1 x do? n advantage !     
conceit4 ,=1 he e/abli%e? n 8 ,judgm5t  
^u ! ori5tality !re(1 b consid]e? !re9 8
 fir/ asc5t above ! ,horizon2 at :i* "t 
its efficacy becomes obs]vable1 & is    
conceiv$ to h ! signification ( life1 & 
to respect ! condition ( all ?+s1 :i* at
 ! same "t arise f _! causes1 & asc5d to
 _! ,horizon ) x4 ,n[ ?is asc5sion inde$
 falls out respectively 9 ! ,ea/3 b z we
 h deliv]$ be=e1 9 "s positions !re is  
no ,ea/]n po9t f :5ce to compute ^!     
asc5tions4 ,s is x 9 a p>allel sph]e3 = 
unto !m six h\ses are cont9ually        

depress$1 & six nev] elevat$3 & !       
planets !mselves1 ^: revolutions are ( m
 spe$1 & influ5ces ( high] consid]ation1
 mu/ f9d 9 t place a v imp]fect reg>d2 =
 half _! p]iod !y absolve above1 & half 
b5ea? ! ,horizon4 ,& s = six ye>s1 no   
man c h ! happ9ess to be born "u        
,jupit]3 & = fifte5 toge!r all mu/      
escape ! asc5d5t dom9ion ( ,saturn4  ,t 
,ari/otle 9 8 ,politicks1 comm5ds !     
situation ( a ,city :i* is op5 t[>ds !  
,ea/1 & admitte? ! raies ( ! ris+ ,sun1 
!reby is impli$ no m p>ticul> efficacy  
?an 9 ! ,we/3 ,b t position is comm5d$1 
9 reg>d ! damps & vapor\s exhalations   
+5d]$ 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,sun1 are by 8     
return+ raies ! soon] dispell$2 & m5    
!reby m e>ly enjoy a cle> & heal?y      
habitation4 ,^u ! l consid]ations x is1 
t ,m>cus ,v>ro ,,sn3 ,de re ,ru/ica4    
comm5de? ! same situation1 & expose? 8  
f>m unto ! equ9oxial asc5t ( ! ,sun1 & t
 ,palladius advise? ! front ( 8 edifice 
%\ld s respect ! ,s\?1 t 9 ! fir/ angle 
x receive ! ris+ raies ( ! ,w9t] ,sun1 &

 decl9e a little f ! ,w9t] sett+ !re(4  
,& concordant h]eunto is ! in/ruction ( 
,columella ,de positione vill3 :i* he   
contrive? into ,summ] & ,w9t]           
habitations1 ord]+ t ! ,w9t] lodg+s     
reg>d ! ,w9t] asc5t ( ! ,sun1 t is      
,s\?-,ea/2 & ! rooms ( repa/ at supp]1 !
 qu9oxial sett+ !re(1 t is ! ,we/3 t !  
,summ] lodg+s reg>d ! qu9oxial ,m]idian3
 b ! rooms ( cnation 9 ! ,summ]1 he     
obv]ts unto ! ,w9t] asc5t1 t is1        
,s\?-,ea/2 & ! ,balne>ies or ba?+       
places1 t !y may rema9 "u ! ,sun until  
ev5+1 he expose? unto ! ,summ] sett+1 t 
is1 ,nor?-,we/1 9 all :i* al?\gh !      
,c>d9al po9ts be introduc$1 yet is !    
consid]ation ,sol>y1 & only det]m9$ unto
 ! aspect or visible reception ( ! ,sun4
  ,jews & ,mahometans 9 ^! & our        
neighb\r p>ts are obs]v$ to use "s      
ge/ures t[>ds ! ,ea/1 z at _! b5$iction1
 & ! kill+ ( _! meat4 ,& ?\gh _m        
ignorant spectators1 & n a few ( !      
,actors conceive "s ,magick or ,my/]ie  
!re91 yet is ! ,c]emony only ,topical1 &

 9 a memorial relation unto a place !y  
hon\r4 ,s ! ,jews d c>ry a respect & ca/
 an eye ^u ,j]usalem3 = :i* practice !y 
are n )\t ! example ( _! =e-fa!rs1 & !  
enc\ragem5t ( _! wise ,k+2 ,= s x is    
said t ,daniel ,,sn3 ,dan4 #f4 w5t into 
8 h\se1 & 8 w9d[s be+ op5$ t[>ds        
,j]usalem1 he kneel$ ^u 8 knees ?ree    
times a day1 & pray$4 ,s is x express$ 9
 ! pray] ( ,solomon1 :at pray] or       
supplication soev] be made by any man1  
:i* %all spread =? 8 h&s t[>ds ?is h\se3
 if ?y p g out to battle1 & %all pray   
unto ! ,"l t[>ds ! ,city :i* ?\ ha/     
*os51 & t[>ds ! h\se :i* ,i h *os5 to   
build = ?y ,"n1 !n he> ?\ 9 heav5 _!    
pray] & _! supplication1 & ma9ta9 _!    
cause4 ,n[ ! obs]vation h]e(1 unto !    
,jews t are disp]s$ ,we/w>d1 & su* z mo/
 conv]se ) u1 directe? _! reg>d unto !  
,ea/3 ,b ! words ( ,solomon are         
appliable unto all qu>t]s ( ,heav53 & by
 ! ,jews ( ! ,ea/ & ,s\? mu/ be reg>d$ 9
 a contr>y position4 ,s ,daniel 9       
,babylon look+ t[>d ,j]usalem _h 8 face 

t[>d ! ,we/4 ,s ! ,jews 9 _! own l&     
look$ ^u x f all qu>t]s4 ,= ! ,tribe (  
,judah beheld x to ! ,nor?3 ,manasses1  
,zabulon1 & ,nap?ali unto ! ,s\?3 ,reub5
 & ,gad unto ! ,we/2 only ! ,tribe (    
,dan reg>d$ x directly or to ! due ,ea/4
 ,s :5 x is said ,,sn3 ,luke #ab41 :5 y 
see a cl\d rise out ( ! ,we/1 y say !re 
come? a %[]1 & s x is3 ! obs]vation 0   
respective unto ,judea3 nor is ?is a    
reasonable illation 9 all o!r ,nations  
:atsoev]3 ,= ! ,sea lay ,we/ unto t     
,c\ntry1 & ! w9ds br\ght ra9 f t qu>t]2 
,b ?is consid]ation _c be transf]r$ unto
 ,india or ,*9a1 :i* h a va/ ,sea       
,ea/w>d1 & a va/] ,cont95t t[>d ! ,we/4 
,s likewise :5 x is said ,,sn3 ,job4 9 !
 vulg> ,translation1 ,gold come? out ( !
 ,nor?1 x is no reasonable inducem5t    
unto u & _m o!r ,c\ntries1 f "s p>ticul>
 m9es sept5trional unto 8 situation1 to 
se>* aft] t mettal 9 cold & ,nor!rn     
regions1 :i* we mo/ pl5tifully discov] 9
 hot & ,s\!rn habitations4  ,= !        
,mahometans1 z !y p>take ) all          

,religions 9 some?+1 s !y imitate ! ,jew
 9 ?is4 ,= 9 _! obs]v$ ge/ures1 !y hold 
a reg>d unto ,me*a & ,m$9a ,talnabi1 two
 ,cities 9 ,arabia flix1 :]e _! ,prophet
 0 born & buri$2 :i!r !y p]=m _!        
pilgrimages3 & f :5ce !y expect he %\ld 
return aga94 ,& !re=e !y direct _! faces
 unto ^! p>ts1 :i* unto ! ,mahometans ( 
,b>b>y & ,egypt lie ,ea/1 & are 9 "s    
po9t !re( unto _m o!r p>ts ( ,turkie4   
,:]e9 not)/&+ !re is no ,ori5tal        
respect2 = ) ! same devotion on ! o!r   
side !y reg>d ^! p>ts t[>d ! ,we/1 & s )
 v>iety :]esov] !y are seat$1 con=m+    
unto ! gr\nd ( _! conception4  ,f\r?ly1 
,:]eas 9 ! ord]+ ( ! ,camp ( ,israel1 ! 
,ea/ qu>t] is appo9t$ unto ! noble/     
,tribe1 t is ! ,tribe ( ,judah1 accord+ 
to ! comm& ( ,god ,,sn3 ,num4 #c41 9 !  
,ea/-side t[>d ! ris+ ( ! ,sun %all !   
,/&>d ( ! ,tribe ( ,judah pit*3 x do? n 
peculi>ly extol t po9t4 ,= h]e9 ! ,ea/  
is n to be tak5 /rictly1 b z x signifie?
 or implie? ! =emo/ place2 = ,judah _h !
 ,van1 & _m ,c\ntries ?r\gh :i* !y pass$

 7 seat$ ,ea/]ly unto !m4 ,?us mu* is   
impli$ by ! ,orig9al1 & express$ by     
,translations :i* /rictly con=m !reto3  
,s ,tremelius1 ,ca/ra hab5tium ab       
ant]iore p>te ,ori5tem v]sus1 vexillum  
e/o ca/rorum ,jud2 s ha? ,r4 ,solomon   
,j>*i exp\nd$ x1 ! =emo/ or be=e1 is !  
,ea/ qu>t]1 & ! ,we/ is call$ beh9d4 ,& 
^u ?is int]pretation may all be salv$ t 
is alleageable aga9/ x4 ,= if ! ,tribe (
 ,judah 7 to pit* be=e ! ,tab]nacle at !
 ,ea/1 & yet to m>* fir/1 z is comm&$1  
,numb4 #aj4 !re mu/ ensue a disord] 9 ! 
,camp1 nor c\ld !y conv5i5tly obs]ve !  
execution !re(3 ,= :5 !y set out f ,m\nt
 ,s9ah :]e ! ,comm& 0 deliv]$1 !y made  
,nor?w>d unto ,ri?mah2 f ,rissah unto   
,eziongab] ab\t f\rte5 /ations !y m>*$  
,s\?3 ,f ,almon ,dibla?aim ?r\gh !      
m\nta9s ( ,yab>im & pla9s ( ,moab t[>ds 
,jordan ! face ( _! m>* 0 ,we/3 ,s t if 
,judah 7 /rictly to pit* 9 ! ,ea/ ( !   
,tab]nacle1 e night he encamp$ 9 ! ,re>3
 & if 7z "s conceive7 ! :ole ,camp c\ld 
n be less ?an twelve miles long1 x _h   

be5 prepo/]\s = him to h m>*$ =emo/2 or 
set out fir/ :o 0 mo/ remote f ! place  
to be approa*$4  ,fiftly1 ,t ,le>n+1    
,civility & ,arts _h _! beg9n+ 9 ! ,ea/1
 x is n imputable ei!r to ! action ( !  
,sun1 or its ,ori5tality1 b ! fir/      
plantation ( ,man 9 ^? p>ts1 :i* unto   
,europe d c>ry ! respect ( ,ea/4 ,,sn3  
,:]e ! ,ark re/$ z "s ?9k4 ,= on !      
m\nta9s ( ,ar>at1 t is "p ( ! hill      
,taurus1 betwe5 ! ,ea/ ,indies &        
,scy?ia1 z ,sir ,w4 ,raleigh acc\nts x1 
! ,ark ( ,noah re/$2 f ! ,ea/ !y        
travell$ t built ! ,t[] ( ,babel3 f !nce
 !y 7 disp]s$ & successively enl>g$1 &  
,le>n+1 good ,arts1 & all ,civility     
communicat$4 ,! progression :]e( 0 v    
s5sible2 & if we consid] ! di/ance ( "t 
betwe5 ! confusion ( ,babel1 & !        
,civility ( _m p>ts n[ em95t !re91 x    
travell$ late & sl[ly into our qu>t]s4  
,= not)/&+ ! le>n+ ( ,b>des & ,druides (
 eld] times1 he t %all p]use t "w (     
,tacitus de moribus ,g]manorum1 may     
easily disc]n h[ little ,civility two   

?\s& ye>s _h wr\ght ^u t ,nation3 ! l he
 may obs]ve conc]n+ our selves1 f ! same
 ,au?or 9 ! life ( ,agricola1 & m       
directly f ,/rabo2 :o to ! di%on\r ( our
 ,pr$ecessors1 & ! disp>agem5t ( ^? t   
glory 9 ! ,antiquity ( _! ,ance/ors1    
affirme? ! ,brita9s 7 s simple1 t ?\gh  
!y ab\nd$ 9 ,milk1 !y _h n ! ,artifice (
 ,*eese4  ,la/ly1 ,t ! ,globe x self is 
by ,cosmograph]s divid$ into ,ea/ &     
,we/1 acc\nt+ f ! fir/ ,m]idian1 x do? n
 e/abli% ?is conceit4 ,= t division is n
 naturally f\nd$1 b artificially set    
d[n1 & by agreem5t2 z ! apte/ t]ms to   
def9e or comm5surate ! longitude (      
places4 ,?us ! anci5t ,cosmograph]s d   
place ! division ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/]n      
,hemisph]e1 t is ! fir/ t]m ( longitude 
9 ! ,can>y or =tunate ,isl&s2 conceiv+  
^! p>ts ! extreame/ habitations ,we/w>d3
 ,b ! ,mod]ns h alt]$ t t]m1 & translat$
 x unto ! ,azores or ,isl&s ( ,/4       
,mi*ael2 & t ^u a plausible conceit ( ! 
small or ins5sible v>iation ( ! ,compass
 9 ^? p>ts1 :]e9 nev]!less1 & ?\gh ^u   

second inv5tion1 !y proce$ ^u a common &
 no appropriate f\ndation2 = ev5 9 t    
,m]idian f>!r ,nor? or ,s\? ! ,compass  
obs]vably v>ie?2 & !re are also o!r     
places :]e9 x v>ie? n1 z ,alphonso &    
,rodoriges de ,lago w h x ab\t ,capo de 
las ,agullas 9 ,africa2 z ,maurolycus   
affirme? 9 ! %ore ( ,peleponesus 9      
,europe3 & z ,gilb]tus av]re?1 9 ! mid/ 
( great regions1 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?4    
,,*apt] ,,viii                          
,( ! ,riv] ,nilus4   ,h]e( uncontr\lably
 & "u g5]al cons5t _m op9ions are       
passant1 :i* not)/&+ ^u due exam9ation1 
d admit ( d\bt or re/riction4 ,x is     
g5]ally e/eem$1 & by mo/ unto our days  
receiv$1 t ! ,riv] ( ,nilus ha? sev5    
o/i>ies2 t is1 by sev5 ,*annels         
disburd5e? x self into ! ,sea4 ,:]e9    
not)/&+1 beside t we f9d no concurr5t   
det]m9ation ( ages pa/1 & a positive &  
und5iable refute ( ^! pres5t1 !         
affirmative is mutable1 & mu/ n be      
receiv$ )\t all limitation4  ,= "s1 f   
:om we receive ! greate/ illu/rations ( 

,antiquity1 h made no m5tion h]e(3 ,s   
,hom] ha? giv5 no numb] ( its ,*annels1 
nor s mu* z ! "n !re( 9 use ) all       
,hi/orians4 ,erato/h5es 9 8 description 
( ,egypt ha? likewise pass$ !m ov]4     
,,sn3 ,h[ ,egypt fir/ became firm l&4   
,ari/otle is s indi/9ct 9 _! names &    
numb]s1 t 9 ! fir/ ( ,meteors he pla9ly 
affirme? ! ,region ( ,egypt 7:i* we     
e/eem ! anci5te/ ,nation 9 ! _w7 0 a me]
 ga9$ gr\nd1 & t by ! setl+ ( mud &     
lim\s matt] br\ght d[n by ! ,riv]       
,nilus1 t :i* 0 at fir/ a cont9u$ ,sea1 
0 rais$ at la/ into a firm & habitable  
,c\ntry4 ,! l op9ion he held ( ,motis   
,palus1 t by ! floods ( ,tanais & e>?   
br\ght d[n !reby1 x grew obs]vably      
%all[] 9 8 days1 & w\ld 9 process ( "t  
become a firm l&4 ,& ?\gh 8 conjecture  
be n z yet fulfill$1 yet is ! l         
obs]vable 9 ! ,riv] ,gihon1 a bran* (   
,euphrates & ,riv] ( ,p>adise2 :i* hav+ 
9 =m] ,ages dis*>g$ x self into !       
,p]sian ,sea1 do? at pres5t fall %ort2  
be+ lo/ 9 ! lakes ( ,*aldea1 & ha? left 

betwe5 ! ,sea1 a l>ge & consid]able "p (
 dry l&4  ,o!rs expresly treat+ h]e(1 h 
div]sly deliv]$ !mselves2 ,h]odotus 9 8 
,eut]pe makes m5tion ( sev52 b c>elesly 
( two !re(2 t is ,bolbit9um1 &          
,bucolicum2 = ^!1 sai? he1 7 n ! natural
 curr5ts1 b made by ,art = "s occasional
 conv5i5ce4 ,/rabo 9 8 ,geography nam+ b
 two1 ,peleusiacum & ,canopicum1 pla9ly 
affirme? !re 7 _m m ?an sev52 ,int] hc  
alia qu9que1 etc4 ,!re are 7sai? he7 _m 
rem>kable t[ns )9 ! curr5ts ( ,nile1    
especially su* :i* h giv5 ! names unto !
 o/i>ies !re(1 n unto all1 = !y are     
elev51 & f\r besides1 b unto sev5 & mo/ 
consid]able2 t is ,canopicum1           
,bolbit9um1 ,sel5neticum1 ,seb5neticum1 
,ph>niticum1 ,m5desium1 ,taniticum &    
,pelusium3 :]e9 to make up ! numb]1 "o (
 ! artificial *anels ( ,h]odotus is     
acc\nt$4 ,ptolomy an ,egyptian1 & born  
at ! ,pelusian m\? ( ,nile1 9 8         
,geography make? n9e3 & 9 ! ?ird ,map ( 
,africa1 ha? unto _! m\?s prefix$ _!    
sev]al names2 ,h]acleoticum1 ,bolbit9um1

 ,seb5neticum1 ,p9eptum1 ,diolcos1      
,pa?meticum1 ,m5desium1 ,taniticum1     
,peleusiacum3 :]e9 not)/&+ !re are no   
less !n ?ree diff]5t names f ^? deliv]$ 
by ,pl9y4 ,all :i* consid]$1 we may     
easily disc]n t ,au?ors accord n ei!r 9 
"n or numb]2 & mu/ ne$s confirm !       
,judgem5t ( ,mag9us1 de ,o/iorum ,nili  
num]o et nom9ibus1 valde antiqui        
scriptores discordant4  ,mod]n          
,geograph]s & travell]s d mu* abate (   
?is numb]1 = z ,mag9us & o!rs obs]ve1   
!re are n[ b ?ree or f\r m\?s !re(2 z   
,gulielmus ,tyrius long ago1 &          
,bellonius s9ce1 bo? ocul> enquir]s1 )  
o!rs h atte/$4 ,= bel[ ,cairo1 ! ,riv]  
divides x self into f\r bran*es1 :]e(   
two make ! *ief & navigable /reams1 ! "o
 runn+ to ,pelusium ( ! ,anci5ts1 & n[  
,damiata2 ! o!r unto ,canopium1 & n[    
,roscetta2 ! o!r two1 sai? ,mr4 ,s&ys   
,,sn3 ,s&4 ,relation41 d run betwe5 ^!2 
b poor 9 wat]4 ,( ^? sev5 m5tion$ by    
,h]odotus1 & ^? n9e by ,ptolomy1 ^! are 
all ,i c\ld ei!r see or he> (4 ,:i* mu* 

confirme? ! te/imony ( ! ,bi%op ( ,tyre 
a dilig5t & ocul> ,enquir]2 :o 9 8 holy 
w> do? ?us deliv] himself4 ,we wond] mu*
 at ! ,anci5ts1 :o assign$ sev5 m\?s    
unto ,nilus2 :i* we c no o!rwise salve1 
!n t by process ( "t1 ! face ( places is
 alt]$1 & ! riv] ha? lo/ 8 *anels2 or t 
our =e-fa!rs did nev] obta9 a true      
acc\nt !re(4  ,& !re=e :5 x is said 9   
holy ,scripture ,,sn3 ,isa4 #aa4 #ae1   
#af41 ,! ,"l %all utt]ly de/roy ! tongue
 ( ! ,egyptian sea1 & ) 8 mighty w9d he 
%all %ake 8 h& ov] ! riv]1 & %all smite 
x 9 ! sev5 /reams1 & make m5 g ov]      
dry-%od4 ,if ?is expression conc]ne? !  
riv] ,nilus1 x mu/ only respect ! sev5  
pr9cipal /reams4 ,b ! place is v        
obscure1 & :e!r !reby be n meant ! riv] 
,euphrates1 is n )\t "s controv]sie2 z  
is collectible f ! subsequ5t words2 ,&  
!re %all be an high way = ! remnant ( 8 
p1 t %all be left f ,assyria2 & also f !
 b>e "n ,riv]1 emphatically signify+    
,euphrates1 & !reby ! division ( !      
,assyrian ,empire into _m fractions1 :i*

 might facilitate _! return3 z ,grotius 
ha? obs]v$ ,,sn3 ,gr4 ,n 9 ,isaiam42 &  
is m pla9ly made out1 if ! ,apocrypha ( 
,esdras ,,sn3 ,esdr4 #b4 #ac1 #dc1 #dg41
 & t ( ! ,apocalyps,,sn3 ,apoc4 #af4    
#ab4 h any relation h]eto4  ,la/ly1     
,:atev] 0 or is _! numb]1 ! contriv]s ( 
,c>ds & ,maps af=d u no assurance or    
con/ant description !re94 ,= :]eas      
,ptolemy ha? set =? n9e1 ,hondius 9 8   
,map ( ,africa makes b eight1 & 9 t (   
,europe t54 ,ortelius 9 ! ,map ( !      
,turki% ,empire1 sette? d[n eight1 9 t (
 ,egypt elev52 & ,mag9us 9 8 ,map ( t   
,c\ntry ha? obs]v$ ! same numb]4 ,& if  
we enquire f>!r1 we %all f9d ! same     
div]sity & discord 9 div]s o!rs4  ,?us  
may we p]ceive t ?is acc\nt 0 diff]5tly 
relat$ by ! ,anci5ts1 t x is und5iably  
reject$ by ! ,mod]ns1 & mu/ be w>ily    
receiv$ by any4 ,= if we receive !m all 
into acc\nt1 !y 7 m !n sev51 if only !  
natural sluces1 !y 7 few]2 & h[ev] we   
receive !m1 !re is no agreeable &       
con/ant description !re(4 ,& !re=e h[   

reasonable x is to draw cont9ual &      
durable d$uctions f alt]able & unc]ta9  
f\ndations2 let !m consid] :o make !    
gates ( ,!bes1 & ! m\?s ( ?is ,riv] a   
con/ant & cont9u$ p]iphrasis = ?is      
numb]1 & 9 _! ,poetical expressions d   
give ! ,riv] t ,epi?ite unto ?is day4   
,! same ,riv] is also acc\nt$ ! greate/ 
( ! e>?1 call$ !re=e ,fluviorum pat]1 & 
totius ,orbis maximus1 by ,ortelius3 ,if
 ?is be true1 _m ,maps mu/ be correct$1 
or ! relations ( div]s good ,au?ors     
r5\nc$4  ,= fir/1 ,9 ! del9iations ( _m 
,maps ( ,africa1 ! ,riv] ,nig] exce$e? x
 ab\t t5 degrees 9 l5g?1 t is1 no less  
!n six hundr$ miles4 ,= aris+ beyond !  
quator x make? ,nor?w>d almo/ #ae       
degrees1 & deflect+ aft] ,we/w>d1 )\t   
,me&]s1 cont9ue? a /rait c\rse ab\t #dj 
degrees2 & at l5g? ) _m great curr5ts   
disburd5e? x self into ! ,occid5tal     
,ocean4 ,aga91 if we cr$it !            
descriptions ( good ,au?ors1 o!r ,riv]s 
excell x 9 l5g?1 or bread?1 or bo?4     
,arrianus 9 8 hi/ory ( ,alex&]1 assigne?

 ! fir/ place unto ! ,riv] ,ganges2 :i* 
truly accord+ unto latt] relations1 if n
 9 l5g?1 yet 9 bread? & dep? may be     
grant$ to excell x4 ,= ! magnitude (    
,nilus consi/e? 9 ! dim5sion (          
longitude1 & is inconsid]able 9 ! o!r2  
:at /ream x ma9ta9e? beyond ,sy5e or    
,asna1 & s =w>d unto its orig9al1       
relations are v imp]fect2 b bel[ ^!     
places1 & f>!r remov$ f ! head1 ! curr5t
 is b n>r[1 & we read 9 ! ,hi/ory ( !   
,turks1 ! ,t>t> horsem5 ( ,selimus swam 
ov] ! ,nile f ,cairo1 to meet ! =ces (  
,tonumbeus4 ,bapti/a ,scortia expresly  
treat+ h]e(1 ,,sn3 ,de natura et        
increm5to ,nili4 pref]re? ! ,riv] (     
,plate 9 ,am]ica2 = t z ,maffeus ha?    
deliv]$1 falle? into ! ,ocean 9 !       
latitude ( =ty leagues2 & ) t s\rce &   
pl5ty t m5 at ,sea d ta/ fre% wat]1 be=e
 !y approa* s ne> z to discov] ! l&4 ,s 
is x exce$$ by t :i* by ,c>dan is t]m$ !
 greate/ 9 ! _w1 t is ! ,riv] ,oregliana
 9 ! same cont95t2 :i* z ,mag9us        
deliv]e?1 ha? be5 navigat$ #fjjj miles2 

& op5s 9 a *anel ( n9ety leagues broad2 
s t1 z ,aco/a1 an ocul> witness         
recorde?1 !y t sail 9 ! middle1 c make  
no l& ( ei!r side4  ,n[ ! gr\nd ( ?is   
ass]tion 0 surely ! magnify+ e/eem ( !  
,anci5ts1 aris+ f ! indiscov]y ( its    
head4 ,= z ?+s unkn[n seem great] !n !y 
are1 & are usually receiv$ )            
amplifications above _! nature2 s might 
x also be ) ?is ,riv]1 ^: head be+      
unkn[n & drawn to a prov]bial obscurity1
 ! op9ion !re( became )\t b\nds2 & m5   
mu/ ne$s conceit a l>ge ext5t ( t to :i*
 ! discov]y ( no man _h set a p]iod4 ,& 
?is an usual way to give ! sup]lative   
unto ?+s ( em95cy 9 any k9d2 & :5 a ?+  
is v great1 pres5tly to def9e x to be ! 
greate/ ( all4 ,:]eas inde$ ,sup]latives
 are difficult2 :]e( !re be+ b "o 9 e   
k9d1 _! det]m9ations are dang]\s1 & mu/ 
n be made )\t great circumspection4     
,,sn3 ,! greate/ ,cities ( ! ,_w4 ,s !  
,city ( ,rome is magnifi$ by ! ,lat9es  
to be ! greate/ ( ! e>?2 b "t &         
,geography in=ms u1 t ,cairo is bigg]1 &

 ,qu9say 9 ,*9a f> exce$e? bo?4 ,,sn3 ,!
 highe/ ,hills4 ,s is ,olympus extoll$  
by ! ,greeks1 z an hill atta9+ unto     
heav52 b ! enl>g$ ,geography ( aft]times
 makes slight acc\nt h]e(1 :5 !y        
disc\rse ( ,&es 9 ,p]u1 or ,t5]iffa 9 ! 
,can>ies4 ,& we und]/& by a p]son :o ha?
 lately _h a fair opportunity to behold 
! magnifi$ m\nt ,olympus1 t x is exce$$ 
by "s peakes ( ! ,alpes4 ,s h all ,ages 
conceiv$1 & mo/ are /ill ready to swe>1 
! ,wr5 is ! lea/ ( ,birds2 yet !        
discov]ies ( ,am]ica1 & ev5 ( our own   
,plantations h %ew$ u "o f> less2 t is1 
! ,humbird ,,sn3 ,tom9eio41 n mu* exce$+
 a ,beetle4 ,& truly1 = ! lea/ &        
greate/1 ! highe/ & ! l[e/ ( e k9d1 z x 
is v difficult to def9e !m 9 visible    
?+s1 s is x to und]/& 9 ?+s invisible4  
,?us is x no easie lesson to compreh5d !
 fir/ matt]1 & ! affections ( t :i* is  
next neighb\r unto no?+1 b impossible   
truly to compreh5d ,god1 :o inde$ is all
 9 all4 ,= ?+s z !y arise unto          
p]fection1 & approa* unto ,god1 or      

desc5d to imp]fection1 & draw ne>] unto 
no?+1 fall bo? imp]fectly into our      
appreh5sions2 ! "o be+ too weak = our   
conceptions1 our conceptions too weak = 
! o!r4  ,?irdly1 ,div]s conceptions !re 
are conc]n+ its increm5t or inundation4 
,! fir/ unw>ily op9ions1 t ?is encrease 
or annual ov]fl[+ is prop] unto ,nile1 &
 n agreeable unto any o!r ,riv]2 :i*    
not)/&+ is common unto _m ,curr5ts (    
,africa4 ,= ab\t ! same "t ! ,riv] ,nig]
 & ,zaire d ov]fl[2 & s d ! ,riv]s      
beyond ! m\nta9s ( ! ,moon1 z ,suama1 & 
,spirito ,santo4 ,& n only ^! 9 ,africa1
 b "s also 9 ,europe & ,asia2 = s x is  
report$ ( ,m5an 9 ,india1 & s do? ,bot]o
 report ( ,du9a 9 ,livonia2 & ! same is 
also obs]vable 9 ! ,riv] ,jordan 9      
,judea2 = s is x deliv]$1 t ,jordan     
ov]fl[e? all 8 banks 9 ! "t ( h>ve/4  ,!
 effect inde$ is wond]ful 9 all1 & !    
causes surely be/ resolvable f          
obs]vations made 9 ! ,c\ntries !mselves1
 ! p>ts ?r\gh :i* !y pass1 or :5ce !y   
take _! ,orig9al4 ,t ( ,nilus ha? be5   

attempt$ by ,_m1 & by "s to t despair ( 
resolution1 t !y h only ref]r$ x unto ! 
,provid5ce ( ,god1 & 8 secret           
manuduction ( all ?+s unto _! ends4     
,,sn3 ,! cause ( ! ov]fl[+ ( ,nilus4 ,b 
div]s h atta9$ ! tru?1 & ! cause all$g$ 
by ,diodorus1 ,s5eca1 ,/rabo1 & o!rs1 is
 all[able2 t ! inundation ( ,nilus 9    
,egypt proce$$ f ! ra9s 9 ?iopia1 & !   
mighty s\rce ( wat]s fall+ t[>ds !      
f\nta9s !re(4 ,= ?is inundation unto !  
,egyptians happ5e? :5 x is w9t] unto !  
?iopians2 :i* habitations1 al?\gh !y h  
no cold ,w9t] 7! ,sun be+ no f>!r remov$
 f !m 9 ,canc]1 !n unto u 9 ,taurus7 yet
 is ! f]v\r ( ! air s well remitt$1 z x 
admits a suffici5t g5]ation ( vapors1 & 
pl5ty ( %[]s ensu+ !reupon4 ,?is ,!ory (
 ! ,anci5ts is s9ce confirm$ by exp]i5ce
 ( ! ,mod]ns2 by ,franciscus ,alv>ez1 :o
 liv$ long 9 ^? p>ts1 & left a          
description ( ?iopia2 affirm+ t f !     
middle ( ,june unto ,septemb]1 !re fell 
9 8 "t cont9ual ra9s4 ,z also ,antonius 
,f]d9&us1 :o 9 an ,epi/le writt5 f !nce1

 & not$ by ,codignus1 affirme?1 t dur+ !
 w9t]1 9 ^? ,c\ntries !re pass$ no day  
)\t ra94  ,n[ ?is is also usual1 to     
translate a rem>kable quality into a    
propriety1 & :]e we admire an effect 9  
"o1 to op9ion !re is n ! l 9 any o!r4 ,)
 ^! conceits d common appreh5sions      
ent]ta9 ! antidotal & wondr\s condition 
( ,irel&2 conceiv+ only 9 t l& an       
immunity f v5em\s creatures3 b unto him 
t %all fur!r enquire1 ! same w be       
affirm$ ( ,creta1 memorable 9 anci5t    
/ories1 ev5 unto fabul\s causes1 &      
b5$iction f ! bir? ( ,jupit]4 ,! same is
 also f\nd 9 ,ebusus or ,evisa1 an ,isl&
 ne> ,majorca ^u ! coa/ ( ,spa94 ,) ^!  
appreh5sions d ! eyes ( neighb\r        
,spectators behold tna1 ! flam+ m\nta9 9
 ,sicilia2 b ,navigators tell u !re is a
 burn+ m\nta9 9 ,isl&1 a m rem>kable "o 
9 ,t5]iffa ( ! ,can>ies1 & _m ,vulcano's
 or fi]y ,hils else:]e4 ,?us ,crocodiles
 7 ?\ght to be peculi> unto ,nile1 & !  
op9ion s possess$ ,alex&]1 t :5 he _h   
discov]$ "s 9 ,ganges1 he fell ^u a     

conceit he _h f\nd ! head ( ,nilus2 b   
lat] discov]ies affirm !y are n only 9  
,asia & ,africa1 b v frequ5t 9 "s riv]s 
( ,am]ica4  ,ano!r op9ion conf9e? its   
,inundation1 & positively affirme?1 x   
con/antly encrease? ! sev5te5? day (    
,june2 :]e9 p]haps a l>g] =m ( spee* 7  
saf]1 !n t :i* punctually prefixe? a    
con/ant day !reto4 ,= ?is expression is 
diff]5t f t ( ! ,anci5ts1 z ,h]odotus1  
,diodorus1 ,s5eca1 etc4 deliv]+ only t x
 happ5e? ab\t ! entrance ( ! ,sun into  
,canc]2 :]e9 !y w>ily deliv] !mselves1 &
 res]ve a reasonable latitude4 ,s :5    
,hippocrates sai?1 ,sub ,cane et ante   
,canem difficiles sunt purgationes3 ,!re
 is a latitude ( days compris$ !re92 =  
"u ! ,dog-/> he conta9e? n only ! day ( 
its asc5t1 b _m foll[+1 & "s t5 days    
prece$+4 ,s ,ari/otle deliv]s !         
affections ( animals3 ) ! w>y t]ms (    
,circa1 et magna ex p>te3 & :5 ,!odorus 
translate? t "p ( 81 ,coeunt ,?unni et  
,scombri m5se ,febru>io po/ ,idus1      
p>iunt ,junio ante ,nonas3 ,scalig] =   

ante ,nonas1 r5d]s x ,junii initio2     
because t exposition af=de? ! latitude (
 div]s days3 ,= affirm+ x happ5e? be=e !
 ,nones1 he all[e? b "o day2 t is !     
,cal5ds2 = 9 ! ,roman acc\nt1 ! second  
day is ! f\r? ( ! ,nones ( ,june4       
,aga91 ,7 ! day def9itive1 x _h prev5t$ 
! delusion ( ! devil1 nor c\ld he h ga9$
 applause by its pr$iction2 :o not)/&+  
7z ,a?anasius 9 ! life ( ,an?ony        
relate?7 to magnifie 8 k 9 ?+s to come1 
:5 he p]ceiv$ ! ra9s to fall 9 ?iopia1  
w\ld presage unto ! ,egyptians ! day (  
its inundation4 ,& ?is w\ld also make   
useless t natural exp]im5t obs]v$ 9 e>? 
or s& ab\t ! ,riv]2 by ! weight :]e( 7z 
good ,au?ors report7 !y h unto ?is day a
 k ( its encrease4  ,la/ly1 ,x is n     
reasonable f v>iable & un/able causes1  
to d]ive a fix$ & con/ant effect1 & su* 
are ! causes ( ?is inundation1 :i* _c   
inde$ be regul>1 & !re=e _! effects n   
progno/icable l ,eclipses4 ,= dep5d+ ^u 
! cl\ds & desc5t ( %[]s 9 ?iopia1 :i* h 
_! g5]ation f vapor\s exhalations1 !y   

mu/ submit _! exi/5ce unto cont+5cies1 &
 endure anticipation & recession f !    
movable condition ( _! causes4 ,& !re=e 
"s ye>s !re ha? be5 no encrease at all1 
z "s conceive 9 ! ye>s ( ,fam9 "u       
,ph>aoh1 z ,s5eca1 & div]s relate ( !   
elev5? ye> ( ,cleopatra2 nor n9e ye>s   
toge!r1 z is te/ifi$ by ,cali/h5es4 ,"s 
ye>s x ha? also ret>d$1 & came f> lat]  
!n usually x 0 expect$1 z accord+ to    
,sozom5 & ,nicephorus x happ5$ 9 ! days 
( ,!odosius2 :]eat ! p 7 ready to mut9y1
 because !y might n sacrifice unto !    
,riv]1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( _!          
,pr$ecessors4  ,n[ ?is is also an usual 
way ( mi/ake1 & _m are deceiv$ :o too   
/rictly con/rue ! temporal consid]ations
 ( ?+s4 ,?us books w tell u1 & we are   
made to believe t ! f\rte5? ye> males   
are sem9ifical & pubesc5t2 b he t %all  
enquire into ! g5]ality1 w r adh]e unto 
! cautel\s ass]tion ( ,ari/otle1 t is1  
bis septem annis exactis1 & !n b magna  
ex p>te4 ,t ,:elps are bl9d n9e days1 & 
!n beg9 to see1 is g5]ally believ$1 b z 

we h else:]e decl>$1 x is exce$+ r>e1   
nor d _! eye-lids usually op5 until !   
twelf?1 & sometimes n be=e ! f\rte5?    
day4 ,& to speak /rictly1 an haz>dable  
det]m9ation x is unto fluctuat+ &       
indiff]5t effects1 to affix a positive  
,type or ,p]iod4 ,= 9 effects ( f> m    
regul> causalities1 difficulties d (t5  
arise1 & ev5 9 "t x self1 :i* measure?  
all ?+s1 we use all[ance 9 its          
comm5suration4 ,?us :ile we conceive we 
h ! acc\nt ( a ye> 9 #cfe days1 exact   
enquir]s & ,computi/s w tell u1 t we    
escape #f h\rs1 t is a qu>t] ( a day4 ,&
 s 9 a day :i* e "o acc\nts #bd h\rs1 or
 "o revolution ( ! ,sun1 9 /rict acc\nt 
we mu/ all[ ! addition ( su* a "p z !   
,sun do? make 9 8 prop] motion1 f ,we/  
to ,ea/1 :]eby 9 "o day he describe? n a
 p]fect ,circle4  ,f\r?ly1 ,x is affirm$
 by _m1 & receiv$ by mo/1 t x nev] ra9e?
 9 ,egypt1 ! riv] supply+ t defect1 &   
b\ntifully requit+ x 9 its inundation3 b
 ?is mu/ also be receiv$ 9 a qualifi$   
s5se1 t is1 t x ra9s b seldom at any "t 

9 ! ,summ]1 & v r>ely 9 ! ,w9t]4 ,,sn3  
,t ,egypt ha? ra94 ,b t great %[]s d    
sometimes fall ^u t ,region1 beside !   
,ass]tion ( _m ,writ]s1 ,,sn3 ,sir      
,william ,pa/on ,b>onet4 we c confirm f 
hon\rable & ocul> te/imony1 & t n _m    
ye>s pa/1 x ra9$ 9 ,gr& ,cairo div]s    
days toge!r4  ,! same is also atte/$    
conc]n+ o!r p>ts ( ,egypt1 by ,prosp]   
,alp9us1 :o liv$ long 9 t ,c\ntry1 & ha?
 left an accurate ,treaty ( ! m$ical    
practise !re(4 ,cayri r>o decidunt      
pluvi1 ,alex&ri1 ,pelusiiq2 et 9 omnibus
 locis m>i adjac5tibus1 pluit l>gissime 
et spe2 t is1 x ra9e? seldom at ,cairo1 
b at ,alex&ria1 ,damiata1 & places ne> !
 ,sea1 x ra9e? pl5tifully & (t54 ,:]eto 
we might add ! latt] te/imony ( ,le>n$  
,mr4 ,greaves1 9 8 accurate description 
( ! ,pyramids4  ,beside1 ,m5 h]eby =get 
! relation ( holy ,scripture4 ,,sn3     
,exod4 #i4 ,behold ,i w cause x to ra9 a
 v great hail1 su* z ha? n be5 9 ,egypt 
s9ce ! f\ndation !re(1 ev5 untill n[4   
,:]e9 ,god ?reatn+ su* a ra9 z _h n     

happ5$1 x mu/ be presum$ !y _h be5      
acqua9t$ ) "s be=e1 & 7 n ignorant ( !  
sub/ance1 ! m5ace be+ made 9 !          
circum/ance4 ,! same conc]n+ hail is    
inf]rible f ,prosp] ,alp9us4 ,r>issime  
nix1 gr&o1 x seldom sn[e? or haile?4    
,:]e by we mu/ conc$e t sn[ & hail d    
sometimes fall1 because !y happ5 seldom4
  ,n[ ?is mi/ake arise? f a             
misapplication ( ! b\nds or limits ( "t1
 & an undue transition f "o unto ano!r2 
:i* to avoid1 we mu/ obs]ve ! punctual  
diff]5ces ( "t1 & s di/+ui% !re(1 z n to
 conf\nd or lose ! "o 9 ! o!r4 ,= ?+s   
may come to pass1 ,semp]1 ,pl]umq2 ,spe1
 aut ,nunquam1 ,aliqu&o1 ,r>o2 t is1    
,always1 or ,nev]1 ,= ! mo/ "p1 or      
,sometimes1 ,(ttimes1 or ,seldom4 ,n[ ! 
deception is usual :i* is made by !     
mis-application ( ^!2 m5 pres5tly       
conclud+ t to happ5 (t51 :i* happ5e? b  
sometimes3 t nev]1 :i* happ5e? b seldom2
 & t alway1 :i* happ5e? = ! mo/ "p4 ,s  
is x said1 ! ,sun %9es e day 9 ,rhodes1 
because = ! mo/ "p x faile? n4 ,s we say

 & believe t a ,camelion nev] eate?1 b  
live? only ^u air1 :]eas inde$ x is se5 
to eat v seldom1 b _m !re are :o h      
beheld x to fe$ on ,flyes4 ,& s x is    
said1 t *ildr5 born 9 ! eigh? mone? live
 n1 t is1 = ! mo/ "p1 b n to be conclud$
 alwaies3 nor x seems 9 =m] ages 9 all  
places3 = x is o!rwise record$ by       
,ari/otle conc]n+ ! bir?s ( ,egypt4     
,la/ly1 ,x is commonly conceiv$ t div]s 
,pr9ces ha? attempt$ to cut ! ,i/hmus or
 tract ( l& ,,sn3 ,l+ua m>is gyptii4    
,isa4 #aa4 #ae4 :i* p>te? ! ,arabian &  
,m$it]ranean ,sea3 b ^u enquiry ,i f9d  
"s difficulty conc]n+ ! place attempt$2 
_m ) good au?ority affirm+1 t ! int5t 0 
n imm$iately to unite ^! ,seas1 b to    
make a navigable *anel betwe5 ! ,r$ ,sea
 & ! ,nile1 ! m>ks :]e( are extant to   
?is day2 x 0 fir/ attempt$ by ,seso/ris1
 aft] by ,d>ius1 & 9 a fe> to dr[n !    
,c\ntry1 des]t$ by !m bo?2 b 0 long aft]
 re-attempt$ & 9 "s mann] effect$ by    
,philadelphus4 ,& s ! gr& ,signior :o is
 ,"l ( ! ,c\ntry1 conveye? 8 ,gallies   

into ! ,r$ ,sea by ! ,nile2 = he br+e?  
!m d[n to ,gr& ,cairo :]e !y are tak5 9 
pieces1 c>ri$ ^u ,camels backs1 &       
rejoyn$ toge!r at ,sues1 8 port & ,naval
 /ation = t ,sea2 :]eby 9 effect he acts
 ! design ( ,cleopatra1 :o aft] ! battle
 ( ,actium 9 a diff]5t way w\ld h       
convey$ h] ,gallies into ! ,r$ ,sea4  ,&
 !re=e t prov]b to cut an ,i/hmus ,,sn3 
,i/hmum p]fod]e41 t is1 to take great   
pa9s1 & effect no?+1 allude? n unto ?is 
attempt2 b is by ,erasmus apply$ unto   
sev]al o!r1 z t und]tak+ ( ! ,cnidians  
to cut _! ,i/hmus1 b especially t (     
,cor9? s unsuccessfully attempt$ by _m  
,emp]\rs4 ,! ,cnidians 7 det]r$ by !    
p]emptory disswasion ( ,apollo1 pla9ly  
comm&+ !m to desi/2 = if ,god _h ?\ght x
 fit1 he w\ld h made t ,c\ntry an ,isl& 
at fir/4 ,b ?is p]haps w n be ?\ght a   
reasonable disc\ragem5t unto ! activity 
( ^? spirits :i* endeav\r to advantage  
nature by ,art1 & ^u good gr\nds to     
promote any "p ( ! univ]se2 nor w ! ill 
success ( "s be made a suffici5t det]m5t

 unto o!rs2 :o "k t _m le>n$ m5 affirm1 
t ,isl&s 7 n f ! beg9n+1 t _m h be5 made
 s9ce by ,art1 t "s ,i/hmus h be5 eat   
?r\gh by ! ,sea1 & o!rs cut by ! spade3 
,& if policy w\ld p]mit1 t ( ,panama 9  
,am]ica 7 mo/ wor?y ! attempt3 x be+ b  
few miles ov]1 & w\ld op5 a %ort] cut   
unto ! ,ea/ ,indies & ,*9a4             
,,*apt] ,,ix                            
,( ! ,r$ ,sea4   ,contr>y appreh5sions  
are made ( ! ,ery?ran or ,r$ ,sea2 mo/  
appreh5d+ a mat]ial r$ness !re91 f :5ce 
!y d]ive its common d5om9ation2 & "s s  
lightly conceiv+ h]e(1 z if x _h no     
r$ness at all1 are fa9 to recur unto o!r
 orig9als ( its appellation4 ,,sn3 ,:at 
! ,r$ ,sea is4 ,:]e9 to deliv] a di/9ct 
acc\nt1 we fir/ obs]ve t )\t            
consid]ation ( col\r x is nam$ !        
,arabian ,gulph3 ,! ,hebrews :o _h be/  
reason to rememb] x1 d call x ,zuph1 or 
! we$y ,sea2 because x 0 full ( s$ge1 or
 !y f\nd x s 9 _! passage2 ! ,mahometans
 :o are n[ lords !re( d "k x by no o!r  
"n !n ! ,gulph ( ,me*a a ,city (        

,arabia4  ,! /ream ( ,antiquity d]ive?  
its "n f ,k+ ,ery?rus2 s sleightly      
conceiv+ ( ! nom9al d$uction f ,r$ness1 
t !y pla9ly d5y !re is any su* accid5t 9
 x4 ,! words ( ,curtius are pla9 beyond 
,evasion1 ,ab ,ery?ro rege inditum e/   
nom51 propt] quod ign>i rub]e aquas     
cr$unt3 ,( no m obscurity are ! words ( 
,philo/ratus1 & ( lat] times1           
,sabellicus2 ,/ulte p]suasam e/ vulgo   
rubras alicubi esse m>is aquas1 qu9 ab  
,ery?ro rege nom5 pelago inditum4 ,( ?is
 op9ion 0 ,&rz ,corsalius1 ,pl9y1       
,sol9us1 ,dio ,cassius1 :o al?\gh !y    
d5i$ n all r$ness1 yet did !y rely ^u ! 
orig9al f ,k+ ,ery?rus4 ,,sn3 ,m exactly
 h]e( ,bo*>tus & ,mr4 ,dick9son4  ,o!rs 
h fall5 ^u ! l1 or p]haps ! same conceit
 "u ano!r appellation2 d$uc+ its "n n f 
,k+ ,ery?rus1 b ,esau or ,edom1 ^:      
habitation 0 ^u ! coa/s !re(4 ,n[ ,edom 
is z mu* z ,ery?rus1 & ! r$ ,sea no m !n
 ! ,idumean2 f :5ce ! po/]ity ( ,edom   
remov+ t[>ds ! ,m$it]ranean coa/1       
accord+ to _! =m] nom9ation by ! ,greeks

 7 call$ ,phnicians or r$ m53 & f a     
plantation & colony ( !irs1 an ,isl& ne>
 ,spa9 0 by ! ,greek describ]s t]m$     
,eri?ra1 z is decl>$ by ,/rabo &        
,sol9us4  ,v _m omitt+ ! nom9al         
d]ivation1 d re/ 9 ! gross & lit]al     
conception !re(1 appreh5d+ a real r$ness
 & con/ant col\r ( p>ts4 ,( :i* op9ion  
are also !y :i* hold ! ,sea receive? a  
r$ & m9i\s t9cture f spr+s1 wells1 &    
curr5ts t fall into x2 & ( ! same belief
 are probably _m ,*ri/ians1 :o conceiv+ 
! passage ( ! ,israelites ?r\gh ?is ,sea
 to h be5 ! type ( ,baptism1 accord+ to 
t ( ! ,apo/le ,,sn3 #a ,cor4 #aj4 #b41  
,all 7 baptiz$ unto ,moses 9 ! cl\d1 & 9
 ! ,sea3 = ! bett] resemblance ( ! blood
 ( ,*ri/1 !y will+ly receiv$ x 9 !      
appreh5sion ( r$ness1 & a col\r         
agreeable unto its my/]y3 accord+ unto t
 ( ,au/91 ,significat m>e illud rubrum  
,baptismum ,*ri/i2 unde nobis ,baptismus
 ,*ri/i nisi sangu9e ,*ri/i consecratus8
 ,,sn3 ,aug4 9 ,johannem4  ,b div]s     
,mod]ns n consid]+ ^! conceptions1 &    

appeal+ unto ! ,te/imony ( s5se1 h at   
la/ det]m9$ ! po9t3 conclud+ a r$ness   
h]e91 b n 9 ! s5se receiv$4 ,sir ,walt] 
,raleigh f 8 own & ,portugal            
obs]vations1 do? place ! r$ness ( ! ,sea
 9 ! reflection f r$ ,isl&s1 & ! r$ness 
( ! e>? at ! bottom3 :]e9 ,coral gr[s v 
pl5tifully1 & f :5ce 9 great abundance x
 is transport$ into ,europe4 ,!         
obs]vations ( ,alb]qu]que & ,/ephanus de
 ,gama 7z f ,johannes de ,bairros1      
,f]n&ius de ,cordova relate?7 d]ive ?is 
r$ness f ! col\r ( ! s& & argill\s e>?  
at ! bottom2 = be+ a %all[ ,sea1 :ile x 
r[le? to & fro1 !re appe>e? a r$ness ^u 
! wat]1 :i* is mo/ disc]nable 9 sunny & 
w9dy wea!r4 ,b t ?is is no m ?an a seem+
 r$ness1 he confirme? by an exp]im5t2 = 
9 ! r$de/ "p tak+ up a vessel ( wat]1 x 
diff]$ n f ! complexion ( o!r ,seas4    
,nor is ?is col\r discov]able 9 e place 
( t ,sea1 = z he also obs]ve?1 9 "s     
places x is v gre51 9 o!rs :ite & yell[1
 accord+ to ! col\r ( ! e>? or s& at !  
bottom4 ,& s may ,philo/ratus be made   

out1 :5 he sai?1 ?is ,sea is blew2 or   
,bellonius d5y+ ?is r$ness1 because he  
beheld n t col\r ab\t ,sues2 or :5      
,corsalius at ! m\? !re( c\ld n discov] 
! same4  ,n[ al?\gh we h enquir$ ! gr\nd
 ( r$ness 9 ?is ,sea1 yet are we n fully
 satisfi$3 = :at is =got by _m1 & kn[n  
by few1 !re is ano!r ,r$ ,sea ^: "n we  
pret5d n to make out f ^! pr9ciples2 t  
is1 ! ,p]sian ,gulph or ,bay1 :i*       
divide? ! ,arabian & ,p]sian %ore1 z    
,pl9y ha? describ$ x4 ,m>e rubrum 9 duos
 dividitur s9us1 is qui ab ,ori5te e/1  
,p]sicus appellatur2 or z ,sol9us       
expresse? x1 ,qui ab ,ori5te e/ ,p]sicus
 appellatur1 ex adv]so unde ,arabia e/1 
,arabicus3 :]eto ass5te? ,suidas1       
,ortelius1 & _m m4 ,& !re=e !re is no   
absurdity 9 ,/rabo :5 he deliv]e? t     
,tigris & ,euphrates d fall into ! ,r$  
,sea1 & ,f]n&ius de ,cordova ju/ly      
def5de? 8 ,c\ntryman ,s5eca 9 t         
expression2            ,et qui r5atum   
prorsus excipi5s diem           ,tepidum
 ,rub5ti ,tigr9 immiscet freto4  ,nor   

ha? only ! ,p]sian ,sea receiv$ ! same  
"n ) ! ,arabian1 b :at is /range1 & mu* 
conf\nds ! di/9ction1 ! "n !re( is also 
d]iv$ f ,k+ ,ery?rus2 :o 0 conceiv$ to  
be buri$ 9 an ,isl& ( ?is ,sea1 z       
,dionysius ,af]1 ,curtius & ,suidas d   
deliv]4 ,:i* 7 ( no less probability ?an
 ! o!r1 if 7z ) ! same au?ors ,/rabo    
affirme?7 he 0 buri$ ne] ,c>amania      
bord]+ ^u ! ,p]sian ,gulph4 ,& if 8     
,tomb 0 se5 by ,ne>*us1 x 0 n s likely  
to be 9 ! ,arabian ,gulph2 = we read t f
 ! ,riv] ,indus he came unto ,alex&] at 
,babylon1 "s few days be=e 8 dea?4 ,n[  
,babylon 0 seat$ ^u ! ,riv] ,euphrates1 
:i* runs into ! ,p]sian ,gulph4 ,& !re=e
 h[ev] ! ,lat9 expresse? x 9 ,/rabo1 t  
,ne>*us suff]$ mu* 9 ! ,arabian ,s9us1  
yet is ! orig9al1 t is1 ! ,gulf (       
,p]sia4  ,t !re=e ! ,r$ ,sea or ,arabian
 ,gulph receiv$ its "n f p]sonal        
d]ivation1 ?\gh probable1 is b unc]ta92 
t bo? ! ,seas ( "o "n %\ld h "o common  
d5om9ator1 less probable2 t !re is a    
gross & mat]ial r$ness 9 ei!r1 n to be  

affirm$3 t !re is an emphatical or      
appe>+ r$ness 9 "o1 n well to be d5i$4  
,& ?is is suffici5t to make good !      
,allegory ( ! ,*ri/ians3 & 9 ?is        
di/9ction may we ju/ifie ! "n ( ! ,black
 ,sea1 giv5 unto ,pontus ,eux9us3 ! "n (
 ,xan?us1 or ! yell[ ,riv] ( ,phrygia3 &
 ! "n ( ,m> ,v]meio1 or ! ,r$ ,sea 9    
,am]ica4                                
,,*apt] ,x                     ,( !     
,blackness ( ,negroes4   ,x is evid5t n 
only 9 ! g5]al frame ( ,nature1 t ?+s   
mo/ manife/ unto s5se1 h prov$ obscure  
unto ! und]/&+3 ,b ev5 9 prop] &        
appropriate ,objects1 :]e9 we affirm !  
s5se _c err1 ! faculties ( reason mo/   
(t5 fail u4 ,?us ( col\rs 9 g5]al1 "u ^:
 gloss & v]ni% all ?+s are se51 few or  
none h yet beheld ! true nature2 or     
positively set d[n _! incontr\lable     
causes4 ,:i* :ile "s ascribe unto !     
mixture ( ! ,elem5ts1 o!rs to !         
graduality ( ,opacity & ,light2 !y h    
left our endeav\rs to grope !m out by   
twi-light1 & by d>kness almo/ to discov]

 t ^: exi/5ce is evid5c$ by ,light4     
,,sn3 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,col\r accord+ to 
! ,*ymi/s4 ,! ,*ymi/s h laudably r$uc$  
_! causes unto ,sal1 ,sulphur1 &        
,m]cury2 & _h !y made x out s well 9    
?is1 z 9 ! objects ( smell & ta/e1 _!   
endeav\rs _h be5 m acceptable3 ,= :]eas 
!y ref] ,sapor unto ,salt1 & ,odor unto 
,sulphur1 !y v>y mu* conc]n+ col\r2 "s  
r$uc+ x unto ,m]cury1 "s to ,sulphur2   
o!rs unto ,salt4 ,:]e9 inde$ ! la/      
conceit do? n oppress ! =m]2 & ?\gh     
,sulphur seem to c>ry ! ma/]-/roak1 yet 
,salt may h a /rong co-op]ation4 ,=     
beside ! fix$ & t]re/ri\s ,salt1 !re is 
9 natural bodies a ,sal nit] ref]r+ unto
 ,sulphur2 !re is also a volatile or    
,amnoniack ,salt1 reta9+ unto ,m]cury2  
by :i* ,salts ! col\rs ( bodies are     
s5sibly qualifi$1 & receive degrees (   
lu/re or obscurity1 sup]ficiality or    
pr(undity1 fixation or volatility4  ,_! 
g5]al or fir/ ,natures be+ ?us obscure1 
!re w be great] difficulties 9 _!       
p>ticul> discov]ies2 = be+ f>!r remov$ f

 _! simplicities1 !y fall into m        
complex$ consid]ations2 & s require a   
subtil] act ( reason to di/+ui% & call  
=? _! natures4 ,?us al?\gh a man        
und]/ood ! g5]al nature ( col\rs1 yet 7 
x no easie ,problem to resolve1 ,:y     
,grass is gre58 ,:y ,g>lick1 ,molyes1 & 
,porrets h :ite roots1 deep gre5 leaves1
 & black se$s8 ,:y sev]al docks & sorts 
( ,rhub>b ) yell[ roots1 s5d =? purple  
fl[]s8 ,:y also f ,lact>y or milky      
plants :i* h a :ite & lacte\s juyce     
disp]s$ ?r\gh e "p1 !re arise fl[]s blew
 & yell[8 ,moreov]1 beside ! specifical 
& fir/ digressions orda9$ f ! ,creation1
 :i* might be urg$ to salve ! v>iety 9 e
 species2 ,:y %all ! m>vail ( ,p]u      
produce its fl[]s ( diff]5t col\rs1 & t 
n once1 or con/antly1 b e day1 &        
v>i\sly8 ,:y ,tulips ( "o col\r produce 
"s ( ano!r1 & runn+ ?r\gh almo/ all1    
%\ld /ill escape a blew8 ,& la/ly1 ,:y  
"s m51 yea & !y a mighty & consid]able  
"p ( mank9d1 %\ld fir/ acquire & /ill   
reta9 ! gloss & t9cture ( blackness8    

,:i* :oev] /rictly enquires1 %all f9d no
 less ( d>kness 9 ! cause1 ?an 9 !      
effect x self2 !re aris+ unto exam9ation
 no su* satisfactory & unqu>relable     
reasons1 z may confirm ! causes g5]ally 
receiv$2 :i* are b two 9 numb]4 ,! heat 
& scor* ( ! ,sun2 or ! curse ( ,god on  
,*am & 8 ,po/]ity4  ,! fir/ 0 g5]ally   
receiv$ by ! ,anci5ts1 :o 9 obscurities 
_h no high] rec\rse ?an unto ,nature1 z 
may appe> by a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ?is    
po9t 9 ,/rabo4 ,by ,ari/otle x seems to 
be impli$ 9 ^? ,problems :i* enquire :y 
! ,sun makes m5 black1 & n ! fire8 ,:y x
 :it5s wax1 yet blacks ! sk98 ,by ! ^w  
?iops x self1 appli$ to ! memorable/    
,nations ( ,negroes1 t is ( a burnt &   
torrid c\nt5ance4 ,! fancy ( ! ,fable   
inf]s also ! ,antiquity ( ! op9ion2 :i* 
d]ive? ?is complexion f ! deviation ( ! 
,sun1 & ! conflagration ( all ?+s "u    
,phaeton4 ,b ?is op9ion ?\gh g5]ally    
embrac$1 0 ,i p]ceive reject$ by        
,ari/obulus a v anci5t ,geograph]2 z is 
discov]$ by ,/rabo4 ,x ha? be5 d\bt$ by 

sev]al mod]n ,writ]s1 p>ticul>ly by     
,ortelius2 b amply & satisfactorily     
discuss$ z we "k by no man4 ,we %all    
!r=e endeav\r a full deliv]y h]e(1      
decl>+ ! gr\nds ( d\bt1 & reasons (     
d5ial1 :i* rightly und]/ood1 may1 if n  
ov]?r[1 yet %rewdly %ake ! security (   
?is ,ass]tion4  ,& fir/1 ,_m :i*        
c\nt5ance ! op9ion 9 ?is reason1 d      
tacitly & ^u consequ5ce ov]?r[ x 9      
ano!r4 ,= :il/ !y make ! ,riv] ,s5aga to
 divide & b\nd ! ,moors1 s t on ! ,s\?  
side !y are black1 on ! o!r only tawny2 
!y imply a secret causality h]e9 f !    
air1 place or riv]2 & seem n to d]ive x 
f ! ,sun4 ,! effects ( ^: activity are n
 precipit\sly abrupt$1 b gradually      
proce$ to _! cessations4  ,secondly1 ,if
 we affirm t ?is effect proce$$1 or z we
 w n be backw>d to conc$e1 x may be     
advanc$ & fom5t$ f ! f]v\r ( ! ,sun2 yet
 d we n h]eby discov] a pr9ciple        
suffici5t to decide ! "q conc]n+ o!r    
animals2 nor do? he t affirme? ! heat   
makes man black1 af=d a reason :y o!r   

animals 9 ! same habitations ma9ta9 a   
con/ant & agreeable hue unto ^? 9 o!r   
p>ts1 z ,lions1 ,elephants1 ,camels1    
,swans1 ,tig]s1 ,e/riges4 ,:i* ?\gh 9   
?iopia1 9 ! disadvantage ( two ,summ]s1 
& p]p5dicul> ,rayes ( ! ,sun1 d yet make
 good ! complexion ( _! species1 & hold 
a col\rable correspond5ce unto ^? 9     
mild] regions4 ,n[ did ?is complexion   
proce$ f heat 9 man1 ! same w\ld be     
communicat$ unto o!r animals :i* equally
 p>ticipate ! ,influ5ce ( ! common      
,ag5t4 ,= ?us x is 9 ! effects ( cold1 9
 ,regions f> remov$ f ! ,sun2 = !re9 m5 
are n only ( fair complexions1 gray-ey$1
 & ( light hair2 b _m creatures expos$  
to ! air1 deflect 9 extremity f _!      
natural col\rs2 f br[n1 russet & black1 
receiv+ ! complexion ( ,w9t]1 & turn+   
p]fect :ite4 ,?us ,olaus ,magnus        
relates1 t aft] ! ,autumnal qu9ox1      
,foxes beg9 to gr[ :ite2 ?us ,mi*ovius  
reporte?1 & we want n ocul>             
confirmation1 t ,h>es & ,p>tridges turn 
:ite 9 ! ,w9t]2 & ?us a :ite ,cr[1 a    

prov]bial r>ity ) u1 is none unto !m2 b 
t insep>able accid5t ( ,porphyrie is    
sep>at$ 9 _m hundr$s4  ,?irdly1 ,if !   
f]v\r ( ! ,sun1 or intemp]ate heat (    
clime did solely occasion ?is           
complexion1 surely a migration or *ange 
!re( might cause a s5sible1 if n a total
 mutation2 :i* not)/&+ exp]i5ce w n     
admit4 ,= ,negroes transplant$1 al?\gh  
into cold & phlegmatick habitations1    
cont9ue _! hue bo? 9 !mselves1 & also _!
 g5]ations2 except !y mix ) diff]5t     
complexions2 :]eby not)/&+ !re only     
succe$s a remission ( _! t9ctures2 !re  
rema9+ unto _m desc5ts a /rong %ad[ ( _!
 ,orig9als2 & if !y pres]ve _!          
copulations entire1 !y /ill ma9ta9 _!   
complexions4 ,z is v rem>kable 9 !      
dom9ions ( ! ,gr& ,signior1 & mo/       
obs]vable 9 ! ,moors 9 ,brasilia1 :i*   
transplant$ ab\t an hundr$ ye>s pa/1    
cont9ue ! t9ctures ( _! fa!rs unto ?is  
day4 ,& s likewise fair or :ite p       
translat$ 9 hott] ,c\ntries receive n   
impressions am\nt+ to ?is complexion1 z 

ha? be5 obs]v$ 9 _m ,europeans :o h liv$
 9 ! l& ( ,negroes3 & z ,edv>dus ,lopes 
te/ifie? ( ! ,spani% plantations1 t !y  
reta9$ _! native complexions unto 8     
days4  ,f\r?ly1 ,if ! f]v\r ( ! ,sun 7 !
 sole cause h]e( 9 ,e?iopia or any l& ( 
,negroes1 x 7 also reasonable t         
inhabitants ( ! same latitude1 subject$ 
unto ! same vic9ity ( ! ,sun1 ! same    
diurnal ar*1 & direction ( its rayes1   
%\ld also p>take ( ! same hue &         
complexion1 :i* not)/&+ !y d n4 ,= !    
,inhabitants ( ! same latitude 9 ,asia  
are ( a diff]5t complexion1 z are !     
,inhabitants ( ,cambogia & ,java1       
insomu* t "s conceive ! ,negro is       
prop]ly a native ( ,africa1 & t ^?      
places 9 ,asia inhabit$ n[ by ,moors1   
are b ! intrusions ( ,negroes arriv+    
fir/ f ,africa1 z we g5]ally conceive ( 
,madagasc>1 & ! adjoyn+ ,isl&s1 :o reta9
 ! same complexion unto ?is day4 ,b ?is 
defect is m rem>kable 9 ,am]ica2 :i*    
al?\gh subject$ unto bo? ! ,tropicks1   
yet are n ! ,inhabitants black betwe51  

or ne>1 or "u ei!r2 nei!r to ! ,s\?w>d 9
 ,brasilia1 ,*ili1 or ,p]u2 nor yet to !
 ,nor?w>d 9 ,hispaniola1 ,ca/ilia1 del  
,oro1 or ,nic>agua4 ,& al?\gh 9 _m p>ts 
!re( !re be at pres5t sw>ms ( ,negroes  
s]v+ "u ! ,spani>d1 yet 7 !y all        
transport$ f ,africa1 s9ce ! discov]y ( 
,columbus2 & are n indig5\s or prop]    
natives ( ,am]ica4  ,fif?ly1 ,we _c     
conclude ?is complexion 9 ,nations f !  
vic9ity or habitude !y hold unto ! ,sun2
 = ev5 9 ,africa !y be ,negroes "u !    
,s\!rn ,tropick1 b are n all ( ?is hue  
ei!r "u or ne> ! ,nor!rn4 ,s ! p (      
,gualata1 ,agades1 ,g>amantes1 & (      
,goaga1 all )9 ! ,nor!rn ,tropicks are n
 ,negroes2 b on ! o!r side ab\t ,capo   
,negro1 ,cefala1 & ,madagasc>1 !y are ( 
a jetty black4  ,n[ if to salve ?is     
,anomaly we say ! heat ( ! ,sun is m    
p[]ful 9 ! ,s\!rn ,tropick1 because 9 ! 
sign ( ,capricorn fals out ! ,p]igeum or
 l[e/ place ( ! ,sun 9 8 ,exc5trick1    
:]eby he becomes ne>] unto !m ?an unto !
 o!r 9 ,canc]1 we %all n absolve ! d\bt4

 ,& if any insi/ ^u su* niceties1 & w   
presume a diff]5t effect ( ! ,sun1 f su*
 a diff]5ce ( place or vic9ity1 we %all 
ballance ! same ) ! conc]nm5t ( its     
motion1 & "t ( revolution1 & say he is m
 p[]ful 9 ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e1 & 9 !   
,apogeum2 = !re9 8 motion is sl[]1 & s 8
 heat respectively unto ^? habitations1 
z ( duration1 s also ( m effect4 ,=1    
?\gh he absolve 8 revolution 9 #cfe     
days1 odd h\rs & m9utes1 yet by reason (
 ,exc5tricity1 8 motion is unequal1 & 8 
c\rse f> long] 9 ! ,nor!rn ,semicircle1 
?an 9 ! ,s\!rn2 = ! latt] he passe? 9 a 
#agh days1 b ! o!r takes him a #ahg1 t  
is1 elev5 days m4 ,s is 8 pres5ce m     
cont9u$ unto ! ,nor!rn ,inhabitants2 & !
 long] day 9 ,canc] is long] unto u1 ?an
 t 9 ,capricorn unto ! ,s\!rn           
,habitator4 ,beside1 h]eby we only inf] 
an inequality ( heat 9 diff]5t          
,tropicks1 b n an equality ( effects 9  
o!r p>ts subject$ to ! same4 ,=1 9 !    
same degree1 & z ne> ! e>? he makes 8   
revolution unto ! ,am]ican1 ^:          

,inhabitants not)/&+ p>take n ( ! same  
effect4 ,& if h]e9 we seek a relief f ! 
,dog-/>1 we %all introduce an effect    
prop] unto a few1 f a cause common unto 
_m2 = ^u ! same gr\nds t ,/> %\ld h z   
=cible a p[] ^u ,am]ica & ,asia2 &      
al?\gh x be n v]tical unto any "p (     
,asia1 b only passe? by ,bea*1 9 t]ra   
incognita2 yet is x s unto ,am]ica1 &   
v]tically passe? ov] ! habitations (    
,p]u & ,brasilia4  ,six?ly1 ,& :i* is v 
consid]able1 !re are ,negroes 9 ,africa 
beyond ! ,s\!rn ,tropick1 & "s s f>     
remov$ f x1 z ,geographically ! clime is
 n intemp]ate1 t is1 ne> ! ,cape ( good 
,hope1 9 #cf ( ! ,s\!rn ,latitude4      
,:]eas 9 ! same elevation ,nor?w>d1 !   
,inhabitants ( ,am]ica are fair2 & !y ( 
,europe 9 ,c&y1 ,sicily1 & "s p>ts (    
,spa91 des]ve n prop]ly s l[ a "n z     
,tawny4  ,la/ly1 ,:]eas ! ,africans are 
conceiv$ to be m peculi>ly scor*$ &     
torrifi$ f ! ,sun1 by addition ( dr9ess 
f ! soil1 f want & defect ( wat]1 x w n 
excuse ! d\bt4 ,= ! p>ts :i* ! ,negroes 

possess1 are n s void ( ,riv]s &        
moi/ure1 z is presum$2 = on ! o!r side !
 m\nta9s ( ! ,moon1 9 t great tract     
call$ ,zanzib>1 !re are ! mighty ,riv]s 
( ,suama & ,spirito ,santo2 on ?is side1
 ! great ,riv] ,zaire1 ! mighty ,nile & 
,nig]2 :i* d n only moi/5 & contemp]ate 
! air by _! exhalations1 b refre% &     
humectate ! e>? by _! annual            
,inundations4 ,beside1 9 t "p ( ,africa1
 :i* ) all disadvantage is mo/ dry1 t   
is1 9 situation betwe5 ! ,tropicks1     
defect ( ,riv]s & inundations1 z also   
abundance ( ,s&s1 ! p are n e/eem$      
,negroes2 & t is ,lybia1 :i* ) ! ,greeks
 c>ries ! "n ( all ,africa4 ,a region s 
des]t1 dry & s&y1 t ,travell]s 7z ,leo  
reports7 are fa9 to c>ry wat] on _!     
,camels2 :]e( !y f9d n a drop sometime 9
 six or sev5 days4 ,yet is ?is ,c\ntry  
acc\nt$ by ,geograph]s no "p ( t]ra     
,nigrit>um1 & ,ptolomy place? h]e9 !    
,leuco ?iops1 or pale & ,tawny ,moors4  
,n[ ! gr\nd ( ?is op9ion might be !     
visible quality ( ,blackness obs]vably  

produc$ by heat1 fire & smoak2 b        
especially ) ! ,anci5ts ! viol5t e/eem  
!y held ( ! heat ( ! ,sun1 9 ! hot or   
torrid ,zone2 conceiv+ t "p unhabitable1
 & !re=e t p 9 ! vic9ities or fronti]s  
!re(1 c\ld n escape )\t ?is *ange ( _!  
complexions4 ,b h[ f> !y 7 mi/ak5 9 ?is 
appreh5sion1 mod]n ,geography ha?       
discov]$3 ,& z we h decl>$1 !re are _m  
)9 ?is ,zone ^: complexions desc5d n s  
l[ z unto blackness4 ,& if we %\ld      
/rictly insi/ h]eon1 ! possibility might
 fall into "q2 t is1 :e!r ! heat ( !    
,sun1 ^: f]v\r may sw>t a liv+ "p1 & ev5
 black a dead or dissolv+ fle%1 c yet 9 
animals1 ^: p>ts are successive & 9     
cont9ual flux1 produce ?is deep & p]fect
 gloss ( ,blackness4  ,sid5ote3 ,!      
p>ticul> causes ( ! ,negroes blackness  
probably4  ,?us hav+ ev9c$1 at lea/ made
 dubi\s1 ! ,sun is n ! ,au?or ( ?is     
,blackness1 h[1 & :5 ?is t9cture fir/   
began is yet a ,riddle1 & positively to 
det]m9e1 x surpasse? my presumption4    
,see+ !re=e we _c discov] :at did effect

 x1 x may af=d "s piece ( satisfaction  
to "k :at might procure x4 ,x may be    
!re=e consid]$1 :e!r ! inw>d use ( c]ta9
 wat]s or f\nta9s ( peculi> op]ations1  
might n at fir/ produce ! effect 9 "q4  
,=1 ( ! l we h records 9 ,ari/otle1     
,/rabo & ,pl9y1 :o ha? made a collection
 h]e(1 z ( two f\nta9s 9 ,botia1 ! "o   
mak+ ,%eep :ite1 ! o!r black2 ( ! wat] (
 ,sib]is :i* made ,ox5 black1 & ! l     
effect x _h also ^u m51 dy+ n only !    
sk91 b mak+ _! hairs black & curl$4 ,?is
 0 ! conceit ( ,ari/obulus1 :o receiv$ s
 little satisfaction f ! o!r1 or t x    
might be caus$ by heat1 or any k9d (    
fire1 t he conceiv$ x z reasonable to   
impute ! effect unto wat]4  ,secondly1  
,x may be p]p5d$ :e!r x might n fall out
 ! same way t ,jacobs cattle became     
speckl$1 spott$ & r+-/rak$1 t is1 by !  
,p[] & ,efficacy ( ,imag9ation2 :i*     
produce? effects 9 ! conception         
correspond5t unto ! phancy ( ! ,ag5ts 9 
g5]ation2 & sometimes assimilates !     
,idea ( ! ,g5]ator into a reality 9 ! ?+

 +5dr$4 ,=1 h]e( !re pass = curr5t _m   
indisput$ examples2 s 9 ,hippocrates we 
read ( "o1 t f an int5t view ( a        
,picture conceiv$ a ,negro2 ,& 9 !      
,hi/ory ( ,heliodore ( a ,moori% ,que51 
:o ^u aspection ( ! ,picture ( ,&rom$a1 
conceiv$ & br\ght =? a fair "o4 ,,sn3   
,vide plura apud ,?o4 ,fi5um1 de viribus
 imag9ationis4 ,& ?us p]haps might "s   
say 0 ! beg9n+ ( ?is complexion3 induc$ 
fir/ by ,imag9ation1 :i* hav+ once      
impregnat$ ! se$1 f\nd aft]w>d concurr5t
 co-op]ation1 :i* 7 cont9u$ by ,climes1 
^: con/itution advantag$ ! fir/         
impression4 ,,sn3 ,:y ,be>es etc4 :ite 9
 "s places4 ,?us ,plot9us conceive? :ite
 ,peacocks fir/ came 94 ,?us _m op9ion t
 f aspection ( ! ,sn[1 :i* lie? long 9  
,nor!rn ,regions1 & high m\nta9s4       
,hawks1 ,kites1 ,be>es1 & o!r creatures 
become :ite2 & by ?is way ,au/9         
conceive? ! devil provid$1 !y nev] want$
 a :ite spott$ ,ox 9 ,egypt2 = su* an "o
 !y wor%ipp$1 & call$ ,apis4  ,?irdly1  
,x is n indisputable :e!r x might n     

proce$ f su* a cause & ! l f\ndation (  
,t9cture1 z do? ! black ,jaundise1 :i*  
meet+ ) cong5]\s causes might settle    
durable incl9ations1 & advance _!       
g5]ations unto t hue1 :i* 7 naturally   
be=e b a degree or two bel[ x4 ,& ?is   
transmission we %all ! easi] admit 9    
col\r1 if we rememb] ! l ha? be5 effect$
 9 organical p>ts & figures2 ! ,symmetry
 :]e( be+ casually or purposely p]v]t$2 
_! morbosities h vigor\sly desc5d$ to _!
 po/]ities1 & t 9 durable de=mities4    
,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ,macrocephali1 or p ) 
long heads1 :]e( ,hippocrates ,,sn3 ,de 
,a]e1 ,aquis1 et ,locis4 ha? cle>ly     
deliv]$ himself3 ,cum primum editus e/  
,infans1 caput ejus t5ellum manibus     
eff+unt1 et 9 longitud9e adolesc]e      
cogunt2 hoc in/itutum primum hujusmodi1 
natur d$it vitium1 successu v]o temporis
 9 naturam abiit1 ut pro9de in/ituto    
nihil amplius opus esset2 sem5 enim     
g5itale ex omnibus corporis p>tibus     
prov5it1 ex sanis quidem sanum1 ex      
morbosis morbosum4 ,si igitur ex calvis 

calvi1 ex cciis ccii1 et ex di/ortis1 ut
 plurimum1 di/orti gignuntur1 eademque 9
 ct]is =mis valet ratio1 quid prohibet  
cur non ex macrocephalis macrocephali   
gignantur8 ,?us z ,ari/otle obs]ve?1 !  
,de]s ( ,arg9usa _h _! e>s divid$2      
occasion$ at fir/ by slitt+ ! e>s (     
,de]s4 ,?us h ! ,*9eses little feet1 mo/
 ,negroes great ,lips & flat ,noses2 ,& 
?us _m ,spani>ds1 & ,m$it]ranean        
,inhabitants1 :i* are ( ! ,race ( ,b>b>y
 ,moors 7al?\gh aft] frequ5t commixture7
 h n worn out ! ,camoys ,nose ,,sn3     
,flat ,nose4 unto ?is day4  ,artificial 
,negroes1 or ,gypsies acquire _!        
complexion by ano9t+ _! bodies ) ,bacon 
& fat sub/ances1 & s expos+ !m to !     
,sun4 ,9 ,gu9y ,moors & o!rs1 x ha? be5 
obs]v$1 t !y frequ5tly moi/5 _! sk9s )  
fat & oyly mat]ials1 to temp] ! irksom  
dr9ess !re( f ! p>*+ rayes ( ! ,sun4    
,:e!r ?is practise at fir/ _h n "s      
efficacy t[>d ?is complexion1 may also  
be consid]$4  ,sid5ote3 ,h[ sundry k9ds 
( ,animals come to be f\nd 9 ,isl&s4    

,la/ly1 ,if we /ill be urg$ to          
p>ticul>ities1 & su* z decl>e h[1 & :5 !
 se$ ( ,adam did fir/ receive ?is       
t9cture2 we may say t m5 became black 9 
! same mann] t "s ,foxes1 ,squirrels1   
,lions1 fir/ turn$ ( ?is complexion1    
:]e( !re are a con/ant sort 9 div]s     
,c\ntries2 t "s ,*aughs came to h r$    
,legs & ,bils1 t ,cr[s became py$3 ,all 
:i* mutations h[ev] !y began1 dep5d on  
durable f\ndations2 & su* z may cont9ue 
= ev]4 ,& if z yet we mu/ f>!r def9e !  
cause & mann] ( ?is mutation1 we mu/    
confess1 9 matt]s ( ,antiquity1 & su* z 
are decid$ by ,hi/ory1 if _! ,orig9als &
 fir/ beg9n+s escape a due relation1 !y 
fall into great obscurities1 & su* z    
future ,ages seldom r$uce unto a        
resolution4 ,?us if y d$uct !           
adm9i/ration ( ,angels1 & t !y disp]s$ !
 creatures into all p>ts aft] ! flood1 z
 !y _h congregat$ !m into ,noahs ,ark   
be=e2 x w be no easie "q to resolve1 h[ 
sev]al sorts ( animals 7 fir/ disp]s$   
into ,isl&s1 & almo/ h[ any into        

,am]ica3 ,h[ ! v5]eal ,contagion began 9
 t "p ( ! e>?1 s9ce hi/ory is sil5t1 is 
n easily resolv$ by ,philosophy4 ,=     
:]eas x is imput$ unto ,an?ropophagy1 or
 ! eat+ ( mans fle%2 t cause ha? be5    
common unto _m o!r ,c\ntries1 & !re h   
be5 ,canibals or m5 eat]s 9 ! ?ree o!r  
p>ts ( ! _w1 if we cr$it ! relations (  
,ptolomy1 ,/rabo & ,pl9y4 ,& ?us if !   
fav\rable p5 ( ,moses _h n reveal$ !    
confusion ( tongues1 & positively decl>$
 _! division at ,babel1 our disputes    
conc]n+ _! beg9n+ _h be5 )\t end2 & ,i  
fe> we mu/ h left ! hopes ( t decision  
unto ,elias4 ,,sn3 ,elias cum v5]it     
solvet dubium4  ,& if any w yet insi/1 &
 urge ! "q f>!r /ill ^u me1 ,i %all be  
en=c$ unto div]s ( ! l nature1 :]e9     
p]haps ,i %all receive no great]        
satisfaction4 ,i %all dem& h[ ! ,camels 
( ,bactria came to h two bun*es on _!   
backs1 :]eas ! ,camels ( ,arabia 9 all  
relations h b "o8 ,h[ ,ox5 9 "s         
,c\ntries began & cont9ue gibb\s or     
bun*-back'd8 :at way ^? _m diff]5t      

%apes1 col\rs1 hairs1 & natures ( ,dogs 
came 98 h[ !y ( "s ,c\ntries became     
depil\s1 & )\t any hair at all1 :]eas "s
 sorts 9 excess ab\nd !re)8 ,h[ !       
,indian ,h>e came to h a long tail1     
:]eas t "p 9 o!rs atta9s no high] ?an a 
scut8 ,h[ ! hogs ( ,illyria :i*         
,ari/otle speaks (1 became solip$es or  
:ole-ho($1 :]eas 9 o!r p>ts !y are      
bisulc\s1 & describ$ clov5-ho($ by ,god 
himself8 ,all :i* ) _m o!rs mu/ ne$s    
seem /range unto ^? t hold !re 7 b two (
 ! unclean sort 9 ! ark2 & are =c$ to   
r$uce ^! v>ieties to unkn[n orig9als4   
,sid5ote3 ,h[ ! complexion ( ! ,negroes 
may be propagat$4  ,h[ev] !re=e ?is     
complexion 0 fir/ acquir$1 x is evid5tly
 ma9ta9$ by g5]ation1 & by ! t9cture ( !
 sk9 z a sp]matical "p traduc$ f fa!r   
unto ,son2 s t !y :i* are /rang]s       
contract x n1 & ! ,natives :i*          
transmigrate1 omit x n )\t commixture1 &
 t aft] div]s g5]ations4 ,& ?is         
affection 7if ! /ory 7 true7 might      
wond]fully be confirm$1 by :at ,mag9us &

 o!rs relate ( ! ,emp]\r ( ?iopia1 or   
,pre/] ,john1 :o d]iv$ f ,solomon is n  
yet desc5d$ into ! hue ( 8 ,c\ntry1 b   
rema9s a ,mulatto1 t is1 ( a ,mongril   
complexion unto ?is day4 ,n[ al?\gh we  
conceive ?is blackness to be sem9al1 yet
 are we n ( ,h]odotus conceit1 t _! se$ 
is black4 ,an op9ion long ago reject$ by
 ,ari/otle1 & s9ce by s5se & enquiry4 ,8
 ass]tion aga9/ ! ,hi/orian 0 probable1 
t all se$ 0 :ite2 t is )\t great        
controv]sie 9 vivip>\s ,animals1 & su* z
 h ,te/icles1 or prep>+ vessels :]e9 x  
receives a manife/ dealbation4 ,& n only
 9 !m1 b 7= ought ,i "k7 9 ,fi%es n     
abat+ ! se$ ( ,plants2 :]e( at lea/ 9   
mo/ ?\gh ! sk9 & cov]+ be black1 yet is 
! se$ & fructify+ "p n s2 z may be      
obs]v$ 9 ! se$s ( ,onyons1 ,pyonie &    
,basil4 ,mo/ controv]tible x seems 9 !  
spawn ( ,frogs1 & ,lob/]s1 :]e( not)/&+ 
at ! v fir/ ! spawn is :ite1 contract+  
by degrees a blackness1 answ]able 9 ! "o
 unto ! col\r ( ! %ell1 9 ! o!r unto !  
,porwigle or ,tadpole2 t is t ,animall  

:i* fir/ proce$e? f x4 ,& ?us may x also
 be 9 ! g5]ation & sp]m ( ,negroes2 t   
be+ fir/ & 9 its naturals :ite1 b ^u    
sep>ation ( p>ts1 accid5ts be=e         
invisible become app>5t2 !re aris+ a    
%ad[ or d>k effloresc5ce 9 ! outside2   
:]eby n only _! legitimate & timely     
bir?s1 b _! abortions are also dusky1   
be=e !y h felt ! scor* & f]vor ( ! ,sun4
                                        
,,*apt] ,,xi                            
,( ! same4   ,a ,second op9ion !re is1 t
 ?is complexion 0 fir/ a curse ( ,god   
d]iv$ unto !m f ,*am1 ^u :om x 0        
inflict$ = discov]+ ! nak$ness ( ,noah4 
,:i* not)/&+ is soon] affirm$ !n prov$1 
& c>rie? ) x sundry improbabilities4 ,= 
fir/1 if we d]ive ! curse on ,*am1 or 9 
g5]al ^u 8 po/]ity1 we %all d5igrate a  
great] "p ( ! e>? !n 0 ev] s conceiv$2 &
 n only pa9t ! ?iopians & reput$ sons ( 
,cu%1 b ! p also ( ,egypt1 ,arabia1     
,assyria & ,*aldea2 = by ?is race 7 ^!  
,c\ntries also peopl$4 ,& if            
concordantly unto ,b]osus1 ! fragm5t (  

,cato de ,orig9ibus1 "s ?+s (           
,halic>nasseus1 ,macrobius1 & out ( !m (
 ,le&ro & ,annius1 we %all conceive ( ! 
travels ( ,camese or ,*am2 we may       
introduce a g5]ation ( ,negroes z high z
 ,italy2 :i* "p 0 nev] culpable (       
de=mity1 b ha? produc$ ! magnifi$       
examples ( beauty4  ,secondly1 ,! curse 
m5tion$ 9 ,scripture 0 n d5\nc$ ^u ,*am1
 b ,canaan 8 y\nge/ son1 & ! reasons    
!re( are div]s4 ,! fir/1 f ! ,jewi%     
,tradition1 :]eby x is conceiv$ t       
,canaan made ! discov]y ( ! nak$ness (  
,noah1 & notifi$ x unto ,*am4 ,secondly1
 to h curs$ ,*am _h be5 to curse all 8  
po/]ity1 :]e( b "o 0 guilty ( ! fact4 ,&
 la/ly1 he sp>$ ,*am1 because he _h     
bless$ him be=e4 ,,sn3 ,cap4 #i4 ,n[ if 
we conf9e ?is curse unto ,canaan1 & ?9k 
! same fulfill$ 9 8 po/]ity2 !n d we    
induce ?is complexion on ! ,sidonians1  
!n 0 ! promis$ l& a tract ( ,negroes2 ,=
 f ,canaan 7 desc5d$ ! ,canaanites1     
,jebusites1 ,amorites1 ,g]gazites &     
,hivites1 :i* 7 possess$ ( t l&4        

,?irdly1 ,al?\gh we %\ld place ! orig9al
 ( ?is curse ^u "o ( ! sons ( ,*am1 yet 
7 x n kn[n f :i* ( !m to d]ive x4 ,= !  
p>ticul>ity ( _! desc5ts is imp]fectly  
set d[n by acc\ntants1 nor is x di/9ctly
 det]m9able f :om !re( ! ?iopians are   
proce$$4 ,= :]eas ^! ( ,africa are      
g5]ally e/eem$ to be ! ,issue ( ,*us1 ! 
eld] son ( ,*am1 x is n s easily made   
out4 ,= ! l& ( ,*us1 :i* ! ,septuag9t   
translates ?iopia1 makes no "p (        
,africa1 nor is x ! habitation (        
,blackmores1 b ! ,c\ntry ( ,arabia1     
especially ! ,happy & ,/ony possessions 
& ,colonies ( all ! sons ( ,*us1 except+
 ,nimrod & ,havilah3 possess$ & plant$  
:olly by ! *ildr5 ( ,*us1 t is1 by      
,sabtah & ,raamah1 ,sabta*a1 & ! sons ( 
,raamah1 ,d$an1 & ,%eba1 accord+ unto ^:
 names ! ,nations ( ^? p>ts h receiv$ _!
 d5om9ations1 z may be collect$ f ,pl9y 
& ,ptolemy2 & z we are in=m$ by cr$ible 
,au?ors1 !y hold a fair ,analogy 9 _!   
names1 ev5 unto our days4 ,s ! wife (   
,moses translat$ 9 ,scripture an        

?iopian1 & s confirm$ by ! fabul\s      
relation ( ,josephus1 0 none ( !        
daught]s ( ,africa1 nor any ,negroe (   
?iopia1 b ! daught] ( ,je?ro1 ,pr9ce &  
,prie/ ( ,madian1 :i* 0 a "p ( ,arabia !
 /ony1 bord]+ ^u ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,s ! ,que5 
( ,%eba came n unto ,solomon out (      
?iopia1 b f ,arabia1 & t "p !re( :i*    
bore ! "n ( ! fir/ plant]1 ! son ( ,*us4
 ,s :e!r ! ,eunu* :i* ,philip ! ,deacon 
baptis$1 7 s]vant unto ,c&ace ,que5 ( ! 
,african ?iopia 7al?\gh ,damianus a     
,goes1 ,codignus1 & ! ?iopick relations 
av]r7 is yet by _m1 & ) /rong suspitions
 d\bt$4 ,s t ,army ( a million1 :i*     
,z]ah ,k+ ( ?iopia is said to br+ aga9/ 
,asa1 0 drawn out ( ,arabia1 & !        
plantations ( ,*us2 n out ( ?iopia1 & ! 
remote habitations ( ! ,moors4 ,= x is  
said t ,asa pursu+ 8 victory1 took f him
 ! ,city ,g]>2 n[ ,g]> 0 no ,city 9 or  
ne> ?iopia1 b a place betwe5 ,cade% &   
,zur1 :]e ,abraham =m]ly soj\rn$4 ,s9ce 
!re( ^! ,african ?iopians are n conv9c$ 
by ! common acception to be ! sons (    

,*us1 :e!r !y be n ! po/]ity ( ,phut or 
,mizraim1 or bo?1 x is n assur$ly       
det]m9$4 ,= ,mizraim1 he possess$       
,egypt1 & ! ,ea/ p>ts ( ,africa4 ,f     
,lubym 8 son came ! ,lybians1 & p]haps f
 !m ! ?iopians4 ,phut possess$          
,mauritania1 & ! ,we/]n p>ts ( ,africa1 
& f ^! p]haps desc5d$ ! ,moors ( ! ,we/1
 ( ,m&+a1 ,meleguette & ,gu9ie4 ,b f    
,canaan1 ^u :om ! curse 0 pron\nc$1 none
 ( ^! _h _! orig9all2 = he 0 re/ra9$    
unto ,canaan & ,syria2 al?\gh 9 aft]    
,ages _m ,colonies disp]s$1 & "s !re( ^u
 ! coa/s ( ,africa1 & prepossessions ( 8
 eld] bro!rs4  ,f\r?ly1 ,to take away   
all d\bt or any probable div>ication1 ! 
curse is pla9ly specifi$ 9 ! ,text1 nor 
ne$ we dispute x1 l ! m>k ( ,ca92 ,s]vus
 s]vorum erit fratribus suis1 ,curs$ be 
,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be  
unto 8 bre?r52 :i* 0 aft] fulfill$ 9 !  
conque/ ( ,canaan1 subdu$ by !          
,israelites1 ! po/]ity ( ,sem4 ,:i*     
,prophecy ,abraham well und]/&+1 took an
 oa? ( 8 s]vant n to take a wife = 8 son

 ,isaac out ( ! daught]s ( !            
,canaanites2 & ! l 0 p]=m$ by ,isaac 9 !
 behalf ( 8 ,son ,jacob4 ,z = ,*am & 8  
o!r sons1 ?is curse atta9$ !m n2 =      
,nimrod ! son ( ,*us set up 8 k+dom 9   
,babylon1 & erect$ ! fir/ great ,empire2
 ,mizraim & 8 po/]ity grew mighty       
,mon>*s 9 ,egypt2 & ! ,empire ( !       
?iopians ha? be5 z l>ge z ei!r4 ,nor did
 ! curse desc5d 9 g5]all ^u ! po/]ity ( 
,canaan3 = ! ,sidonians1 ,arkites1      
,hama?ites1 ,s9ites1 ,arvadites1 &      
,zem]ites seem exempt$4 ,b :y !re be+   
elev5 ,sons1 five only 7 condemn$ & six 
escap$ ! mal$iction1 is a secret beyond 
discov]y4  ,la/ly1 ,:]eas m5 affirm ?is 
col\r 0 a ,curse1 ,i _c make out !      
propriety ( t "n1 x nei!r seem+ s to !m1
 nor reasonably unto u2 = !y take s mu* 
cont5t !re91 t !y e/eem de=mity by o!r  
col\rs1 describ+ ! ,devil1 & t]rible    
objects1 :ite4 ,& if we s]i\sly consult 
! def9itions ( beauty1 & exactly p]p5d  
:at wise m5 det]m9e !re(1 we %all n     
appreh5d a curse1 or any de=mity !re94  

,= fir/1 "s place ! ess5ce !re( 9 !     
proportion ( p>ts1 conceiv+ x to consi/ 
9 a comely comm5surability ( ! :ole unto
 ! p>ts1 & ! p>ts betwe5 !mselves3 :i*  
is ! det]m9ation ( ! be/ & le>n$        
,writ]s4 ,n[ h]eby ! ,moors are n       
exclud$ f beauty3 !re be+ 9 ?is         
description no consid]ation ( col\rs1 b 
an apt connexion & frame ( p>ts & !     
:ole4 ,o!rs !re be1 & ^? mo/ 9 numb]1   
:i* place x n only 9 proportion ( p>ts1 
b also 9 grace ( col\r4 ,b to make      
,col\r ess5tial unto ,beauty1 !re w     
arise no sl5d] difficulty3 ,= ,ari/otle 
9 two def9itions ( pul*ritude1 & ,gal5 9
 "o1 h made no m5tion ( col\r4 ,nei!r w 
x agree unto ! ,beauty ( ,animals3 :]e9 
not)/&+ !re is an approv$ pul*ritude4   
,?us horses are h&some "u any col\r1 & !
 symmetry ( p>ts obscures ! consid]ation
 ( complexions4 ,?us 9 concol\r animals 
& su* z are conf9$ unto "o col\r1 we    
measure n _! ,beauty !reby3 ,= if a ,cr[
 or ,black-bird gr[ :ite1 we g5]ally    
acc\nt x m pretty2 & 9 almo/ a          

mon/rosity desc5d n to op9ion ( de=mity4
 ,by ?is way likewise ! ,moors escape ! 
curse ( de=mity3 !re concurr+ no        
/ation>y col\r1 & sometimes n any unto  
,beauty4  ,! ,platonick contemplators   
reject bo? ^! descriptions f\nd$ ^u p>ts
 & col\rs1 or ei!r3 z ,m4 ,leo ! ,jew   
ha? excell5tly disc\rs$ 9 8 ,g5ealogy ( 
,love1 def9+ beauty a =mal grace1 :i*   
delights & moves !m to love :i*         
compreh5d x4 ,?is grace say !y1         
discov]able outw>dly1 is ! respl5dor &  
,ray ( "s int]i\r & invisible ,beauty1 &
 proce$e? f ! =ms ( compositions        
amiable4 ,^: faculties if !y c aptly    
contrive _! matt]1 !y beget 9 ! subject 
an agreeable & pleas+ beauty2 if        
ov]-rul$ !reby1 !y evid5ce n _!         
p]fections1 b run into de=mity4 ,= see+ 
t out ( ! same mat]ials1 ,!rsites &     
,p>is1 ,beauty & mon/rosity may be      
contriv$2 ! =ms & op]ative faculties    
introduce & det]m9e _! p]fections4 ,:i* 
9 natural bodies receive exactness 9 e  
k9d1 accord+ to ! fir/ ,idea ( !        

,creator1 & 9 contriv$ bodies ! phancy (
 ! ,artific]4 ,& by ?is consid]ation (  
,beauty1 ! ,moors also are n exclud$1 b 
hold a common %>e !re9 ) all mank9d4    
,la/ly1 ,9 :atsoev] its ,!ory consi/e?1 
or if 9 ! g5]al1 we all[ ! common       
conceit ( symmetry & ( col\r1 yet to    
desc5d unto s+ul>ities1 or det]m9e 9 :at
 symmetry or col\r x consi/$1 7 a       
slipp]y designation4 ,= ,beauty is      
det]m9$ by op9ion1 & seems to h no      
ess5ce t holds "o notion ) all2 t seem+ 
beaute\s unto "o1 :i* ha? no fav\r )    
ano!r2 & t unto e "o1 accord+ z cu/ome  
ha? made x natural1 or sympa?y &        
con=mity ( m9ds %all make x seem        
agreeable4 ,?us flat noses seem comely  
unto ! ,moor1 an ,aquil9e or hawk$ "o   
unto ! ,p]sian1 a l>ge & prom95t nose   
unto ! ,romane2 b none ( all ^! are     
acceptable 9 our op9ion4 ,?us "s ?9k x  
mo/ ornam5tal to we> _! ,bracelets on _!
 ,wre/s1 o!rs say x is bett] to h !m    
ab\t _! ,ancles2 "s ?9k x mo/ comely to 
we> _! ,r+s & ,jewels 9 ! ,e>1 o!rs w h 

!m ab\t _! ,privities2 a ?ird w n ?9k !y
 are compleat except !y hang !m 9 _!    
lips1 *eeks1 or noses4 ,?us ,hom] to set
 (f ,m9]va1 calle? h] 1 t is1 gray or   
light-blew ey$3 n[ ?is unto u seems f>  
less amiable !n ! black4 ,?us we t are (
 contr>y complexions accuse ! blackness 
( ! ,moors z ugly3 ,b ! ,sp\se 9 !      
,canticles excuse? ?is conceit1 9 t     
description ( h]s1 ,i am black1 b       
comely4 ,& h[soev] ,c]b]us1 & ! furies (
 hell be describ$ by ! ,poets "u ?is    
complexion1 yet 9 ! beauty ( our ,savi\r
 blackness is comm5d$1 :5 x is said1 8  
locks are bu%ie & black z a ,rav54 ,s t 
to inf]r ?is z a curse1 or to reason x z
 a de=mity1 is no way reasonable2 ! two 
f\ndations ( beauty1 ,symmetry &        
complexion receiv+ su* v>i\s            
appreh5sions1 t no deviation w be       
exp\nd$ s high z a curse or und5iable   
de=mity1 )\t a manife/ & confess$ degree
 ( mon/rosity4  ,la/ly1 ,x is a v       
injuri\s me?od unto ,philosophy1 & a    
p]petual promotion ( ignorance1 9 po9ts 

( obscurity2 nor op5 unto easie         
consid]ations1 to fall ^u a pres5t      
refuge unto ,miracles2 or recurr unto   
imm$iate contrivance1 f ! inse>*able h&s
 ( ,god4 ,?us 9 ! conceit ( ! evil odor 
( ! ,jews1 ,*ri/ians )\t a fur!r rese>* 
into ! v]ity ( ! ?+1 or inquiry into !  
cause1 draw up a judgem5t ^u !m f !     
passion ( _! ,savi\r4 ,?us 9 ! wondr\s  
effects ( ! clime ( ,irel&1 & ! fre$om f
 all v5em\s creatures1 ! cr$ulity (     
common conceit imputes ?is immunity unto
 ! b5$iction ( ,s4 ,patrick1 z ,b$a &   
,gyraldus h left record$4 ,?us ! ,ass   
hav+ a peculi> m>k ( a cross made by a  
black li/ d[n 8 back1 & ano!r a?w>t1 or 
at "r angles d[n 8 %\ld]s2 common op9ion
 ascribes ?is figure unto a peculi>     
signation2 s9ce t bea/ _h ! hon\r to be>
 our ,savi\r on 8 back4 ,c]ta9ly ?is is 
a c\rse m desp]ate !n ,antipa?ies1      
,sympa?ies1 or occult qualities2 :]e9 by
 a f9al & satisfactive disc]nm5t ( fai?1
 we lay ! la/ & p>ticul> effects ^u !   
fir/ & g5]al cause ( all ?+s2 :]eas 9 ! 

o!r1 we d b palliate our det]m9ations1  
untill our advanc$ endeav\rs d totally  
reject1 or p>tially salve _! evasions4  
,,*apt] ,,xii                   ,a      
,digression conc]n+ ,blackness4   ,!re  
be+ !re=e two op9ions repugnant unto ea*
 o!r1 x may n be presumptive or         
skeptical to d\bt ( bo?4 ,& because we  
rema9 imp]fect 9 ! g5]al ,!ory ( col\rs1
 we %all deliv] at pres5t a %ort        
discov]y ( blackness2 :]e9 al?\gh p]haps
 we af=d no great] satisfaction !n o!rs1
 yet %all we ,emp]ically & s5sibly      
disc\rse h]e(2 d$uc+ ! causes (         
,blackness f su* ,orig9als 9 nature1 z  
we d g5]ally obs]ve ?+s are d5igrat$ by 
,art4 ,& h]e9 ,i hope our progression w 
n be ?\ght unreasonable1 = ,art be+ !   
imitation ( ,nature1 or ,nature at !    
second h&1 x is b a s5sible expression (
 effects dep5dant on ! same1 ?\gh m     
remov$ causes3 & !re=e ! works ( ! "o   
may s]ve to discov] ! o!r4 ,& ?\gh      
col\rs ( bodies may arise accord+ to !  
receptions1 refraction1 or modification 

( ,light2 yet are !re c]ta9 mat]ialls   
:i* may dispose !m unto su* qualities4  
,& fir/1 ,?+s become black by a sooty & 
fulig9\s matt] proce$+ f ! ,sulphur (   
bodies torrifi$2 n tak+ fuligo /rictly1 
b 9 opposition unto 1 t is any k9d (    
vapor\s or madefy+ excretion2 &         
compreh5d+ 1 t is z ,ari/otle def9es x1 
a sep>ation ( moi/ & dry p>ts made by ! 
action ( heat or fire1 & col\r+ bodies  
object$4 ,h]e( 9 8 ,meteors1 f !        
qualities ( ! subject he raise? ?ree    
k9ds2 ! exhalations f ligne\s & lean    
bodies1 z bones1 hair1 & ! l he calle? 1
 fumus1 f fat bodies1 & su* z h n _!    
fatness conspicu\s or sep>at$ he t]me? 1
 fuligo1 z wax1 ros91 pit*1 or turp5t9e2
 t f unctu\s bodies1 & su* ^: oyl9ess is
 evid5t1 he nam$  or nidor4 ,n[ ev]yone 
( ^! d black bodies object$ unto !m1 &  
are to be conceiv$ 9 ! sooty & fulig9\s 
matt] express$4  ,i say1 proce$+ f !    
sulphur ( bodies torrifi$1 t is ! oylie 
fat1 & unctu\s p>ts :]e9 consi/ !       
pr9ciples ( flammability4 ,n pure &     

ref9$ sulphur1 z 9 ! ,spirits ( w9e (t5 
rectifi$2 b conta9+ t]re/ri\s p>ts1 &   
c>ry+ ) x ! volatile salt ( ! body1 &   
su* z is di/+ui%able by ta/e 9 soot2 nor
 vulg> & usual sulphur1 = t leaves none 
or v little blackness1 except a metall9e
 body receive ! exhalation4  ,i say1    
torrifi$1 s9dg$1 or suff]+ "s impression
 f fire2 ?us are bodies casually or     
artificially d5igrat$1 :i* 9 _! naturals
 are ( ano!r complexion2 ?us are        
,*>coals made black by an infection ( _!
 own suffitus1 s is x true :at is       
affirm$ ( combu/ible bodies4 ,adu/a     
nigra1 p]u/a alba2 black at fir/ f !    
fulig9\s t9cture1 :i* be+ exhal$ !y     
become :ite1 z is p]ceptible 9 a%es4 ,& 
s do? fire cleanse & purifie bodies1    
because x consumes ! sulphure\s p>ts1   
:i* be=e did make !m f\l3 & !re=e ref9es
 ^? bodies :i* w nev] be mundifi$ by    
wat]4 ,?us ,camphire ( a :ite sub/ance1 
by its fuligo af=de? a deep black4 ,s is
 pit* black1 al?\gh x proce$ f ! same   
tree ) ,ros91 ! "o di/ill+ =?1 ! o!r =c$

 by fire4 ,s ( ! suffitus ( a tor*1 d   
,pa9t]s make a velvet black3 s is       
lamp-black made3 s ( burnt ,h>ts-horn a 
sable2 s is ,bacon d5igrat$ 9 *imnies3 s
 9 ,feav]s & hot di/emp]s f *ol] adu/ is
 caus$ a blackness 9 our tongues1 tee? &
 excretions3 s are u/ilago1 brant corn &
 trees black by bla/+2 s p>ts caut]iz$1 
gangr5at$1 sid]at$ & mortifi$1 become   
black1 ! radical moi/ure1 or vital      
sulphur suff]+ an ext9ction1 & smo!r$ 9 
! "p effect$4 ,s n only actual b        
pot5tial fire3 n burn+ fire1 b also     
corrod+ wat] w induce a blackness4 ,,sn3
 ,:y ! smoak ( pure ,sulphur blacks n4  
,s are ,*imnies & ,furnaces g5]ally     
black1 except !y receive a cle> &       
manife/ sulphur3 = ! smoak ( sulphur w n
 black a pap]1 & is commonly us$ by wom5
 to :it5 ,tiff9ies1 :i* x p]=me? by an  
acide vitriol\s1 & p5etrat+ _s asc5d+ f 
x1 by reason :]e( x is n apt to k9dle   
any ?+ nor w x easily light a ,c&le1    
untill t _s be sp5t1 & ! flame approa*e?
 ! mat*4 ,?is is t acide & pi]c+ _s :i* 

) su* activity & compunction invade? !  
bra9s & no/rils ( ^? t receive x4 ,& ?us
 :5 ,bellonius affirme? t ,*>coals made 
out ( ! wood ( ,oxyc$> are :ite1 ,dr4   
,jordan 9 8 judici\s ,disc\rse ( m9]al  
wat]s yeelde? ! reason1 because _!      
vapors are r sulphure\s !n ( any o!r    
combu/ible sub/ance4 ,s we see t ,t9by  
coals w n black l9n5 be+ hang$ 9 ! smoak
 !re(1 b r :it5 x1 by reason ( ! dry+ & 
p5etrat+ quality ( sulphur1 :i* w make  
,r$ roses :ite4 ,& !re=e to conceive a  
g5]al blackness 9 ,hell1 & yet !re9 !   
pure & ref9$ flames ( sulphur1 is no    
,philosophical conception1 nor w x well 
consi/ ) ! real effects ( its nature4   
,^! are ! adv5i5t & artificial wayes (  
d5igration1 answ]ably :]eto may be !    
natural progress4 ,^! are ! wayes :]eby 
cul9>y & common fires d op]ate1 &       
correspond5t h]eunto may be ! effects ( 
fire elem5tal4 ,s may ,bitum51 ,coals1  
,jet1 ,black-lead1 & div]s m9]al e>?s   
become black2 be+ ei!r fulig9\s         
concretions 9 ! e>?1 or suff]+ a scor* f

 d5igrat+ ,pr9ciples 9 _! =mation4 ,s m5
 & o!r animals receive diff]5t t9ctures 
f con/itution & complexional            
effloresc5ces1 & desc5d /ill l[]1 z !y  
p>take ( ! fulig9\s & d5igrat+ hum\r4 ,&
 s may ! ?iopians or ,negroes become    
coal-black1 f fulig9\s effloresc5ces &  
complexional t9ctures aris+ f su*       
probabilities1 z we h decl>$ be=e4  ,!  
second way :]eby bodies become black1 is
 an ,atram5t\s condition or mixture1 t  
is a vitriolate or copp]ose quality     
conjoyn+ ) a t]re/ri\s & a/r+5t         
humidity2 = s is ,atram5tum             
,scriptorium1 or writ+ ,ink commonly    
made by copp]ose ca/ ^u a decoction or  
infusion ( galls4 ,i say a vitriol\s or 
copp]\s quality2 = vitriol is ! active  
or *ief +r$i5t 9 ,ink1 & no o!r salt t  
,i "k w /rike ! col\r ) galls2 nei!r    
,alom1 ,sal-gem1 ,nitre1 nor ,armoniack4
 ,,sn3 ,:at ! common ,copp]ose is4 ,n[  
artificial copp]ose1 & su* z we commonly
 use1 is a r\gh & acrimoni\s k9d ( salt 
drawn out ( f]re\s & erug9\s e>?s1      

p>tak+ *iefly ( ,iron & ,copp]2 ! blew (
 ,copp]1 ! gre5 mo/ ( ,iron3 ,nor is x  
unusual to dissolve fragm5ts ( ,iron 9 !
 liquor !re(1 = advantage 9 !           
concretion4 ,i say1 a t]re/ri\s or      
a/r+5t humidity2 = )\t ?is !re w ensue  
no t9cture2 = ,copp]ose 9 a decoction ( 
,lettuce or ,mall[s af=ds no black1 :i* 
) an a/r+5t mixture x w d1 ?\gh x be    
made up ) oyl1 z 9 pr9t+ & pa9t+ ,ink4  
,b :]eas 9 ?is composition we use only  
,nut-gals1 t is an excresc5ce f ! ,oak1 
!re9 we foll[ & beat ^u ! old receit2 = 
any plant ( au/]e & /iptick p>ts w      
suffice1 z ,i h exp]im5t$ 9 ,bi/orte1   
,myrobolans1 ,myrtus ,brabantica1       
,balau/ium & ,r$ ,roses4 ,& inde$1 mo/  
decoctions ( a/r+5t plants1 ( :at col\r 
soev]1 d leave 9 ! ,liquor a deep &     
,muscad9e r$3 :i* by addition ( vitriol 
desc5ds into a black3 & s ,dioscorides 9
 8 receit ( ,ink1 leaves out gall1 & )  
copp]ose makes use ( soot4  ,n[ if we   
enquire 9 :at "p ( vitriol ?is          
,atram5tal & d5igrat+ condition lodge?1 

x w seem especially to lie 9 ! m fix$   
salt !re(2 = ! phlegm or aque\s         
evaporation w n d5igrate2 nor yet       
spirits ( vitriol1 :i* c>ry ) !m        
volatile & nimbl] ,salt3 ,= if ^u a     
decoction ( ,copp]ose & gall1 be p\r$ ! 
spirits or oyl ( vitriol1 ! liquor w    
rel9qui% 8 blackness2 ! gall & p>ts ( ! 
copp]ose precipitate unto ! bottom1 & ! 
,ink gr[ cle> aga92 :i* x w n s easily d
 9 common ,ink1 because t gum is        
dissolv$ !re9 :i* h9d]e? ! sep>ation4 ,b
 ,colco?> or vitriol burnt1 ?\gh unto a 
r$ness conta9+ ! fix$ salt1 w make good 
,ink2 & s w ! ,lixivium1 or ,lye made   
!re( ) w>m wat]2 b ! ,t]ra or ,insipid  
e>? rema9+1 af=ds no black at all1 b    
s]ves 9 _m ?+s = a gross & useful r$4 ,&
 ?\gh ,spirits ( vitriol1 project$ ^u a 
decoction ( gals1 w n raise a black1 yet
 if ^! spirits be any way fix$1 or      
return into vitriol aga91 ! same w act  
_! =m] p>ts & d5igrate z be=e4  ,& if we
 yet make a m exact enquiry1 by :at ?is 
salt ( vitriol m peculi>ly gives ?is    

col\r1 we %all f9d x to be f a metall9e 
condition1 & especially an ,iron        
,prop]ty or f]re\s p>ticipation4 ,= blew
 ,copp]ose :i* deeply p>takes ( ! copp] 
w d x b weakly1 ,v]digrise :i* is made (
 ,copp] w n d x at all1 b ! fil+s (     
,iron infus$ 9 v9eg>1 w ) a decoction ( 
gals make good ,ink1 )\t any ,copp]ose  
at all2 & s w infusion ( ,load-/one2 :i*
 is ( aff9ity ) ,iron4 ,& ?\gh m        
conspicu\sly 9 iron1 yet su* a          
,calcan?\s or ,atram5t\s quality1 we w n
 :olly reject 9 o!r mettals2 :]eby we   
(t5 obs]ve black t9ctures 9 _!          
solutions4 ,?us a ,lemmon1 ,qu9ce or %>p
 ,apple cut ) a knife becomes imm$iately
 black3 ,& f ! l cause1 ,arti*okes2 s   
sublimate beat up ) :ites ( eggs1 if    
t\*$ ) a knife1 becomes incont95tly     
black4 ,s ,aqua =tis1 ^: +r$i5t is      
vitriol1 w make :ite bodies black4 ,s   
lea!r dress$ ) ! b>k ( ,oak1 is easily  
made black by a b>e solution (          
,copp]ose4 ,s div]s ,m9]al wat]s & su* z
 p>ticipate ( ,iron1 ^u an infusion (   

gals1 become ( a d>k col\r1 & ent]+ ^u  
black4 ,s /eel infus$1 makes n only !   
liquor duskie1 b 9 bodies :]e9 x concurs
 ) proportionable t9ctures makes also ! 
excretions black4 ,& s also f ?is       
vitriol\s quality ,m]curius dulcis1 &   
vitriol vomitive occasion black         
ejections4 ,b :e!r ?is d5igrat+ quality 
9 ,copp]ose proce$e? f an ,iron         
p>ticipation1 or r 9 ,iron f a vitriol\s
 communication2 or :e!r black t9ctures f
 metallical bodies be n f vitriol\s p>ts
 conta9$ 9 _! sulphur1 s9ce common      
sulphur conta9e? also mu* vitriol1 may  
admit consid]ation4 ,h[ev] 9 ?is way (  
t9cture1 x seeme? pla91 t ,iron &       
,vitriol are ! p[]ful ,d5igrators4  ,su*
 a condition !re is naturally 9 "s liv+ 
creatures4 ,?us t black hum\r by        
,ari/otle nam$ os1 & commonly translat$ 
,atram5tum1 may be occasion$ 9 !        
,cuttle-fi%4 ,su* a condition !re is    
naturally 9 "s ,plants1 z ,black-b]ries1
 ,walnut-r9ds1 ,black-*]ries2 :]eby !y  
ext+ui% inflammations1 corroborate !    

/omack1 & are e/eem$ specifical 9 !     
,epilepsie4 ,su* an atram5t\s condition 
!re is to be f\nd sometime 9 ! blood1 :5
 t :i* "s call ,acetum1 o!rs ,vitriolum1
 concurs ) p>ts prep>$ = ?is t9cture4 ,&
 s f ^! conditions ! ,moors might       
possibly become ,negroes1 receiv+       
,atram5t\s impressions 9 "s ( ^? wayes1 
^: possibility is by u decl>$4          
,sid5ote3 ,h[ a vitriol\s quality may be
 9 liv+ bodies4  ,nor is x /range t we  
affirm !re are vitriol\s p>ts1          
qualities1 & ev5 at "s di/ance ,vitriol 
x self 9 liv+ bodies2 = !re is a s[]    
/iptick salt diffus$ ?r\gh ! ,e>?1 :i*  
pass+ a concoction 9 plants1 become?    
mild] & m agreeable unto ! s5se1 & ?is  
is t vegetable vitriol1 :]eby div]s     
plants conta9 a gratefull %>pness1 z    
,lemmons1 ,pomegranats1 ,*]ries1 or an  
au/]e & inconcoct$ r\ghness1 z ,sloes1  
,m$l>s & ,qu9ces4 ,& t n only vitriol is
 a cause ( blackness1 b t ! salts (     
natural bodies d c>ry a p[]full /roke 9 
! t9cture & v]ni% ( all ?+s1 we %all n  

d5y1 if we contradict n exp]i5ce1 & !   
visible art ( ,dy>s2 :o advance &       
graduate _! col\rs ) ,salts4 ,= !       
decoctions ( simples :i* be> ! visible  
col\rs ( bodies decoct$1 are dead &     
evanid1 )\t ! commixtion ( ,alum1       
,argol1 & ! l4 ,& ?is is also app>5t 9  
,*ymical prep>ations4 ,s ,c9ab] becomes 
r$ by ! acide exhalation ( sulphur1 :i* 
o!rwise pres5ts a pure & nive\s :ite4 ,s
 spirits ( ,salt ^u a blew pap] make an 
ori5t r$4 ,s ,t>t> or vitriol ^u an     
infusion ( violets af=ds a delightfull  
crimson4 ,,sn3 ,:5ce ! col\rs ( ,plants1
 etc4 may arise4 ,?us x is wond]ful :at 
v>iety ( col\rs ! spirits ( ,saltpet]1 &
 especially1 if !y be kept 9 a glass    
:ile !y pi]ce ! sides !re(2 ,i say1 :at 
,ori5t gre5s !y w project3 f ! l spirits
 9 ! e>? ! plants !re( p]haps acquire _!
 v]dure4 ,& f su* sal>y irradiations may
 ^? wondr\s v>ieties arise1 :i* are     
obs]vable 9 ,animals1 z ,mall>ds heads1 
& ,peacocks fea!rs1 receiv+ int5tion or 
alt]ation accord+ z !y are pres5t$ unto 

! light4 ,?us ,saltpet]1 ,ammoniack &   
,m9]al spirits emit delectable & v>i\s  
col\rs2 & common ,aqua =tis w 9 "s gre5 
& n>r[ m\!d glasses1 ab\t ! v]ges !re(1 
s5d =? a deep & ,g5tianella blew4  ,?us 
h we at la/ drawn our conjectures unto a
 p]iod2 :]e9 if our contemplations af=d 
no satisfaction unto o!rs1 ,i hope our  
attempts w br+ no condemnation on our   
selves 7= besides t adv5tures 9 k are   
laudable1 & ! assayes ( weak] heads af=d
 (t5times improveable h9ts unto bett]7  
al?\gh 9 ?is long j\rney we miss !      
int5d$ end2 yet are !re _m ?+s ( tru?   
disclos$ by ! way2 & ! collat]all v]ity 
may unto reasonable speculations "s :at 
requite ! capital indiscov]y4           
,,*apt] ,,xiii                          
,( ,gypsies4   ,great wond] x is n we   
are to seek 9 ! orig9al ( ?iopians &    
natural ,negroes1 be+ also at a loss    
conc]n+ ! ,orig9al ( ,gypsies &         
c\nt]feit ,moors1 obs]vable 9 _m p>ts ( 
,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa4  ,sid5ote3   
,op9ions conc]n+ ! orig9al ( ,gypsies4  

,common op9ion d]ive? !m f ,egypt1 & f  
!nce !y d]ive !mselves1 accord+ to _!   
own acc\nt h]e(1 z ,mun/] discov]$ 9 !  
lett]s & pass :i* !y obta9$ f ,sigismund
 ! ,emp]\r2 t !y fir/ came out ( less]  
,egypt1 t hav+ defect$ f ! ,*ri/ian     
rule1 & relaps$ unto ,pagan rites1 "s ( 
e family 7 enjoyn$ ?is p5ance to w&]    
ab\t ! _w2 or z ,av5t9us deliv]e?1 !y   
pret5d = ?is vagabond c\rse1 a judgem5t 
( ,god ^u _! =e-fa!rs1 :o refus$ to     
ent]ta9 ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ,jesus1 :5 %e   
fl$ into _! ,c\ntry4  ,:i* acc\nt       
not)/&+ is ( little probability3 = !    
g5]all /ream ( writ]s1 :o enquire into  
_! orig9all1 insi/ n ^u ?is2 & are s    
little satisfi$ 9 _! desc5t f ,egypt1 t 
!y d$uce !m f sev]al o!r nations ,,sn3  
,f]n&4 de ,cordua didascal4 multipl43   
,polydore ,virgil acc\nt+ !m orig9ally  
,syrians1 ,philippus ,b]gomas fet*e? !m 
f ,*alda1 neas ,sylvius f "s "p (       
,t>t>y1 ,bellonius no fur!r !n ,wala*ia 
& ,bulg>ia1 nor ,av5t9us !n ! conf9es ( 
,hung>ia4  ,t !y are no ,egyptians1     

,bellonius ,,sn3 ,obs]vat4 l4 #b4 make? 
evid5t3 :o met great droves ( ,gypsies 9
 ,egypt1 ab\t ,gran ,cairo1 ,matrea1 & !
 villages on ! banks ( ,nilus1 :o       
not)/&+ 7 acc\nt$ /rang]s unto t        
,nation1 & w&]]s f =eign p>ts1 ev5 z !y 
are e/eem$ ) u4  ,sid5ote3 ,gypsies fir/
 kn[n 9 ,g]many4  ,t !y came n out (    
,egypt is also probable1 because _! fir/
 appe>ance 0 9 ,g]many1 s9ce ! ye>      
#adjj1 nor 7 !y obs]v$ be=e 9 o!r p>ts (
 ,europe1 z is d$ucible f ,mun/]1       
,g5ebr>d1 ,crantsius & ,ortilius4  ,b t 
!y fir/ set out n f> f ,g]many1 is also 
probable f _! language1 :i* 0 !         
,sclavonian tongue2 & :5 !y w&r$ aft]w>d
 into ,france1 !y 7 commonly call$      
,bohemians1 :i* "n is /ill reta9$ =     
,gypsies4 ,& !re=e :5 ,crantsius        
deliv]e?1 !y fir/ appe>$ ab\t ! ,baltick
 ,sea1 :5 ,bellonius d]ive? !m f        
,bulg>ia & ,wala*ia1 & o!rs f ab\t      
,hung>ia1 !y speak n repugnantly h]eto3 
= ! language ( ^? ,nations 0            
,sclavonian1 at lea/ "s dialect !re(4   

,sid5ote3 ,:at use ! ,gr& ,signior make?
 ( ,gypsies4  ,b ( :at nation soev] !y 7
 at fir/1 !y are n[ almo/ ( all2        
associat+ unto !m "s ( e c\ntry :]e !y  
w&]3 :5 !y w be lo/1 or :e!r at all     
aga91 is n )\t "s d\bt3 = unsetl$       
nations h out-la/$ o!rs ( fix$          
habitations3 & ?\gh ,gypsies h be5      
bani%$ by mo/ ,*ri/ian ,pr9ces1 yet h !y
 f\nd "s c\nt5ance f ! great ,turk1 :o  
suff]e? !m to live & ma9ta9 publick     
,/ews ne> ! ,imp]ial ,city 9 ,p]a ,,sn3 
,bellon4 obs]vat4 l4 #b41 ( :om he (t5  
make? a politick advantage1 imploy+ !m z
 spies into o!r nations1 "u :i* title !y
 7 bani%$ by ,*>les ! fift4             
,,*apt] ,,xiv                           
,( "s o!rs4   ,we commonly accuse !     
phancies ( eld] times 9 ! improp]       
figures ( heav5 assign$ unto            
,con/ellations1 :i* d n seem to answ]   
!m1 ei!r 9 ,greek or ,b>b>ick ,sph]es3  
yet equall incongruities h be5 commonly 
committ$ by ,geograph]s & ,hi/orians1 9 
! figurall resemblances ( sev]al regions

 on e>?2 ,:ile by ,livy & ,julius1      
,ru/icus ! ,isl& ( ,brita9 is made to   
resemble a long di% or two-edg$ ax2     
,italy by ,numatianus to be l an        
,oak-leaf3 & ,spa9 an ,ox-hide2 :ile !  
phancy ( ,/rabo makes ! habitat$ e>? l a
 cloak1 & ,dionysius ,af] w h x l a sl+3
 ) _m o!rs obs]vable 9 good writ]s ,,sn3
 ,tacit4 de vita ,jul4 ,agric41 yet n   
made out f ! lett] or signification2    
acquitt+ ,a/ronomy 9 _! figures ( !     
,zodiack3 :]e9 !y are n ju/ifi$ unto    
/rict resemblances1 b r made out f !    
effects ( ,sun or ,moon 9 ^! sev]al     
portions ( heav51 or f peculi> influ5ces
 ( ^? con/ellations1 :i* "s way make    
good _! names4 ,,sn3 ,junct94 9 ,sph4 l4
 de ,sacro bosco cap4 #b4  ,:i* not)/&+ 
be+ n[ au!ntick by prescription1 may be 
reta9$ 9 _! nak$ acceptions1 & names    
translat$ f sub/ances kn[n on e>?4 ,&   
!re=e ! le>n$ ,hevelius 9 8 accurate    
,sel5ography1 or description ( ! ,moon1 
ha? well translat$ ! kn[n appellations (
 ,regions1 ,seas & ,m\nta9s1 unto ! p>ts

 ( t ,lum9>y3 & r !n use inv5t$ names or
 humane d5om9ations1 ) witty congruity  
ha? plac$ ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ,taurus1 ,motis  
,palus1 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1            
,mauritania1 ,sicily & ,asia ,m9or 9 !  
,moon4  ,m h>dly c we f9d ! ,hebrew     
lett]s 9 ! heav5s1 made out ( ! great] &
 less] ,/>s :i* put toge!r d make up    
words1 :]e9 ,cabali/icall ,speculators  
conceive !y read ! ev5ts ( future ?+s   
,,sn3 ,! ,cabala ( ! ,/>s42 & h[ f !    
,/>s 9 ! head ( ,m$usa1 to make out ! ^w
 ,*>ab2 & !reby desolation presignifi$  
unto ,greece or ,javan1 num]ally        
*>act]iz$ 9 t ^w1 require? no rigid     
read]4 ,,sn3 ,greff>el out ( ,r4 ,*om]4 
,x is n easie to reconcile ! diff]5t    
acc\nts ( longitude1 :ile 9 mod]n tables
 ! hundr$ & eighty degree is m !n ?irty 
degrees beyond t "p1 :]e ,ptolomy place?
 an #ahj4 ,nor w ! wid] & m ,we/]n t]m (
 ,longitude1 f :5ce ! ,mod]ns beg9 _!   
comm5suration1 suffici5tly salve !      
diff]5ce4 ,,sn3 ,a?an4 ,kir*]4 9 promio4
 ,! anci5ts began ! measure ( ,longitude

 f ! =tunate ,isl&s or ,can>ies1 !      
,mod]ns f ! ,azores or ,isl&s ( ,s4     
,mi*ael2 b s9ce ! ,azores are b fifte5  
degrees m ,we/1 :y ! ,mod]ns %\ld reckon
 #ahj1 :]e ,ptolomy acc\nte? above #bbj1
 or ?\gh !y take 9 #ae degrees at !     
,we/1 :y !y %\ld reckon #cj at ! ,ea/1  
beyond ! same measure1 is yet to be     
det]m9$2 nor w\ld x be mu* advantag$1 if
 we %\ld conceive t ! compute ( ,ptolomy
 7 n s agreeable unto ! ,can>ies1 z !   
,hesp]ides or ,isl&s ( ,cabo ,v]de4     
,,sn3 ,rob]tus ,hues de globis4         
,sid5ote3 ,:5 ! ,moon w be se5 on ! fir/
 day ( ! *ange4  ,sid5ote3 ,:y ! ,sun is
 se5 aft] x is set1 or naturally "u !   
,horizon4  ,:e!r ! compute ( mone?s f ! 
fir/ appe>ance ( ! ,moon1 :i* div]s     
nations h foll[$1 be n a m p]turb$ way1 
!n t :i* acc\nts f ! conjunction1 may   
seem ( reasonable d\bt ,,sn3 ,hevel4    
,sel5og4 cap4 #i42 n only f ! unc]ta9ty 
( its appe>ance 9 f\l & cl\dy wea!r1 b  
unequal "t 9 any2 t is soon] or lat]1   
accord+ z ! ,moon %all be 9 ! signs (   

long desc5tion1 z ,pisces1 ,aries1      
,taurus1 9 ! ,p]igeum or swifte/ motion1
 & 9 ! ,nor!rn ,latitude3 :]eby         
sometimes x may be se5 ! v day ( !      
*ange1 z w obs]vably happ5 #afed1 9 !   
mone?s ( ,april & ,may8 or :e!r also !  
compute ( ! day be exactly made1 f !    
visible aris+ or sett+ ( ! ,sun1 because
 ! ,sun is sometimes naturally set1 & "u
 ! ,horizon1 :5 visibly x is above x2 f 
! causes ( refraction1 & su* z make u   
behold a piece ( silv] 9 a bas91 :5 wat]
 is put ^u x1 :i* we c\ld n discov]     
be=e1 z "u ! v]ge !re(4  ,:e!r ! globe (
 ! e>? be b a po9t1 9 respect ( ! ,/>s &
 ,firmam5t1 or h[ if ! rayes !re( d fall
 ^u a po9t1 !y are receiv$ 9 su* v>iety 
( ,angles1 appe>+ great] or less] f     
diff]5ces ( refraction8  ,sid5ote3 ,to  
:at ! motion ( ! ,heav5s s]ve?1 ,met4   
,lib4  ,:e!r if ! motion ( ! ,heav5s    
%\ld cease a :ile1 all ?+s w\ld in/antly
 p]i%8 & :e!r ?is ass]tion do? n make ! 
frame ( sublun>y ?+s to hold too loose a
 dep5d5cy ^u ! fir/ & cons]v+ cause8 at 

lea/ impute too mu* unto ! motion ( !   
heav5s1 ^: em95t activities are by heat1
 light & influ5ce1 ! motion x self be+  
b>r51 or *iefly s]v+ = ! due application
 ( cele/ial virtues unto sublun>y bodies
 z ,cabeus ha? le>n$ly obs]v$8  ,:e!r   
,comets or blaz+ ,/>s be g5]ally ( su*  
t]rible effects1 z eld] times h conceiv$
 !m2 = s9ce x is f\nd t _m1 f :5ce ^!   
pr$ictions are drawn1 h be5 above !     
,moon2 :y !y may n be qualifi$ f _!     
positions1 & aspects :i* !y hold ) />s (
 fav\rable natures2 or :y s9ce !y may be
 conceiv$ to arise f ! effluviums ( o!r 
,/>s1 !y may n reta9 ! b5ignity ( _!    
,orig9als2 or s9ce ! natures ( ! fix$   
,/>s are a/rologically diff]5c$ by !    
,planets1 & are e/eem$ ,m>tial or       
,jovial1 accord+ to ! col\rs :]eby !y   
answ] ^! ,planets2 :y al?\gh ! r$       
,comets d c>ry ! port5sions ( ,m>s1 !   
brightly-:ite %\ld n be ( ! ,influ5ce ( 
,jupit] or ,v5us1 answ]ably unto ,cor   
,scorpii & ,arcturus1 is n absurd to    
d\bt4         99       99       99      

99       99             ,pr9t$ by ,t4 & 
,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y   
at ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,press        
,,transcrib]',s ,,notes3  ,contempor>y  
spell+s are v>iable 7e4g41 ?an_/!n1     
!re_/_!1 curr5t_/currant7 & are reta9$4 
,see p4 #ij3 7 ev] comm5d$ = !re note4  
,! mod]n 'itself' & 'myself'1 etc4 7    
pr9t$ z sep>ate words 7e4g41 our selves 
on p4 #acb47 ,?is is reta9$4  ,! foll[+ 
errors h be5 correct$1 or not$3       p4
  #be 7ut scribit ,ari/oteles7 7        
add$ 7                                  
p4  #eg ,:y "s lamps included 9 ^?      
add$ 'd'            bodies              
p4  #gj ! tee? ( ,n>hwales              
sic                                     
p4 #adh ! in=mation ( reason or f_/sence
  isolat$ in/ance                       
( 's' z 'f'                             
-- *ang$4                               
p4 #bbj by_/b ?is only roa/$            
correct$                                
p4 #bef ,bas$ on ,juv5al's ,satires1 l9e
 #cje1               :]e we see3 ,dolia 

nudi non ard5t              ,cynici2 r  
?an magni4           sic                
p4 #bgb ,! m>g9al note ,dion4 ,ep4 #g4  
444   replac$ '#c'             9 vit4   
#c_/,s ,dionys4 0 misplac$4   ) ',s'    
,! num]al '#c' is also a mispr9t =      
',s'4                                   
p4 #bij 9 !  #gcj ( ! ,julian p]iod     
sic                                     
p4 #cgf longitud9e                      
'n' add$