,libr>ies7 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,editor ( ,! ,expositor ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,solomon ,,& ,,! ,,lam5tations ,,( ,,j]emiah ,,by ,,walt] ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,london ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[ ,,mdcccxcv ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,solomon ,,& ,,! ,,lam5tations ,,( ,,j]emiah ,,by ,,walt] ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,exegesis1 ,,& ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory1 ,,new ,,college ,,london ,london ,,hodd] ,,& ,,/\ghton #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[ ,,mdcccxcv ,pr9t$ by ,hazell1 ,watson1 ,v9ey1 ,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,,cont5ts ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,solomon ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,book #c ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,true ,,love ,,te/$ #ae i4-v4 i4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,love ,,unqu5*able #bh v4 i-viii4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,my/ical ,,int]pretations #da ,,*apt] ,v ,,canonicity #ec ,,! ,,lam5tations ,,( ,,j]emiah ,,*apt] ,i ,,hebrew ,,elegies #fc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,poems #ge ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,!me #hg ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,desolation #ig i4 #a-g4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,s9 ,,& ,,suff]+ #ajh i4 #h-aa4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,zion',s ,,appeal #abj i4 #ab-bb4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,god ,,z ,,an ,,enemy #acb ii4 #a-i4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,cry ,,( ,,! ,,*ildr5 #add ii4 #aj-ag4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,prophets ,,)\t ,a ,,vision #aef ii4 #i1 #ad4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,call ,,to ,,pray] #afh ii4 #ah-bb4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,man ,,t ,,ha? ,,se5 ,,affliction #ahj iii4 #a-ba4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,unfail+ ,,goodness ,,( ,,god #aid iii4 #bb-bd4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,quiet ,,wait+ #bjf iii4 #be-cf4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,god ,,& ,,evil #bah iii4 #cg-ci4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,return #bcj iii4 #dj-db4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,griev+ ,,be=e ,,god #bdb iii4 #dc-ed4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,de ,,pr(undis #bec iii4 #ee-ff4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,contra/s #bfe iv4 #a-ab4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,lep]s #bgg iv4 #ac-af4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,va9 ,,hopes #bhh iv4 #ag-bj4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,debt ,,( ,,guilt ,,ext+ui%$ #cjj iv4 #ba1 #bb4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,an ,,appeal ,,= ,,god',s ,,compassion #caa v4 #a-aj4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,s9 ,,& ,,%ame #cbd v4 #aa-ah4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,?rone #cce v4 #ai-bb4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,solomon ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,book ,! ,song ( ,solomon is a puzzle to ! comm5tator4 ,q ap>t f ! wild]ness ( my/ical int]pretations ) :i* x has be5 ov]gr[n 9 ! c\rse ( ! ages1#a its lit]>y =m & motive are subjects ( endless controv]sy4 ,!re are indications t x is a cont9u\s poem2 & yet x is *>act]is$ by />tl+ kaleidoscopic *anges t seem to break x up into incongru\s fragm5ts4 ,if x is a s+le "w ! v>i\s sections ( x succe$ "o ano!r 9 ! mo/ abrupt mann]1 )\t any connect+ l9ks or explanatory clauses4 #a ,to be consid]$ lat]4 ,see *ap4 iv4 ,! simple/ way out ( ! difficulty pres5t$ by ! _m curi\s turns & *anges ( ! poem is to d5y x any /ructural unity1 & treat x z a /r+ ( indep5d5t lyrics4 ,t is to cut ! knot 9 a r disappo9t+ fa%ion4 ,nev]!less ! sugge/ion to d s met ) "s fav\r :5 x 0 put =? at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury by ,h]d]1 a writ] :o seem$ bett] able to ent] into ! _s ( ,hebrew poetry ?an any ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,:ile accept+ ! traditional view ( ! au?or%ip ( ! book1 ?is critic describ$ its cont5ts z ,solomon's songs ( love1 ! olde/ & sweete/ ( ! ,ea/2 & ,goe! 9 ! _w ( lett]s1 z well z biblical /ud5ts1 endors$ 8 judgm5t4 ,subsequ5tly x fell into disfav\r1 & s*ol>s :o diff]$ among !mselves ) respect to _! own !ories1 agre$ 9 reject+ ?is p>ticul> hypo!sis4 ,b q rec5tly x has reappe>$ 9 an alt]$ =m4 ,! book1 x is n[ sugge/$1 is j a *ance collection ( folk songs f nor!rn ,pale/9e1 an an?ology ( ru/ic love-poems4 ,^! songs are d5i$ any connection ) ,solomon or ! c\rt4 ,! ref]5ces to royalty are acc\nt$ = by a cu/om said to be kept up among ! ,syrian peasants 9 ! pres5t day1 accord+ to :i* ! week ( w$d+ fe/ivities is call$ ,! k+'s week1 because ! newly-m>ri$ pair !n play ! "p ( k+ & que51 & are playfully treat$ by _! fri5ds ) ! hon\rs ( a c\rt4 ,! bridegroom is suppos$ to be nam$ ,solomon 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 regal spl5d\r--z an ,engli% villag] might be s nam$ = 8 conspicu\s wisdom2 :ile p]haps ! bride is call$ ! ,%ulammite1 ) an allusion to ! fam\s beauty ,abi%ag1 ! ,%unammite ( ,david's "t4#b #b #a ,k+s i4 #c4 ,su* a !ory z ?is is only admissible on condition t ! unity ( ! poem has be5 disprov$4 ,b :e!r we c unravel x or n1 !re is mu* t goes to %[ t "o ?read runs ?r\gh ! :ole book4 ,! /yle is ! same ?r\gh\t1 & x has no p>allel 9 ! :ole ( ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,ev]y:]e we meet ) ! same ri*1 luxuri\s language1 ! same abundance ( imag]y1 ! same picturesque habit ( allud+ to a numb] ( plants & animals by "n1 ! same vivacity ( movem5t1 ! same plead+ tone1 ! same suffus$ gl[ z ( ! light ( morn+4 ,!n !re are m peculi> features t cont9ually recur1 su* z ! =m ( ! dialogue1 c]ta9 recognisable *>act]s1 ! "p ( *orus tak5 by ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 9 p>ticul> ! g5tle1 graceful portrait ( ! ,%ulammite1 ! consi/5cy ( :i* is well pres]v$4 ,b ! pr9cipal reason = believ+ 9 ! unity ( ! "w is to be f\nd 9 an exam9ation ( its plot4 ,! difficulty ( mak+ ?is out has enc\rag$ ! temptation to discr$it its exi/5ce4 ,b :ile !re are v>i\s ideas ab\t ! details1 !re is en\gh 9 common to all ! propos$ s*emes ( ! /ory to indicate ! fact t ! book is "o composition4 ,! "q :e!r ! "w is a drama or an idyl has be5 discuss$ ) mu* critical acum54 ,b is x n r p$antic8 ,! %>ply divid$ ord]s ( ,european poetry 7 n obs]v$ or ev5 kn[n 9 ,israel4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1 t ,hebrew imag9ative "w %\ld p>take ( ! *>act]i/ics ( sev]al ord]s1 :ile too nave to tr\ble itself ) ! rules ( any "o4 ,! drama design$ = act+ 0 n cultivat$ by ! anci5t ,jews4 ,x 0 introduc$ z an exotic only z late z ! ,roman p]iod1 :5 ,h]od built ! fir/ !atre kn[n to h exi/$ 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,previ\s to 8 "t we h no m5tion ( ! art ( play-act+ among ! ,jews4 ,nev]!less ! dialogues 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon are c]ta9ly dramatic 9 "*2 & we _c call ! poem an idyl :5 x is r5d]$ entirely 9 ! =m ( spee*es by diff]5t p]sons )\t any connect+ n>rative4 ,! ,book ( ,job is also dramatic 9 =m1 ?\gh1 l ,br[n+'s dramatic poetry1 n design$ = act+2 b 9 t "w ea* ( ! sev]al speak]s is introduc$ by a s5t5ce t indicates :o he is1 :ile 9 our poem no su* indication is giv54 ,"h we only get evid5ce ( a *ange ( speak]s 9 ! =m & cont5ts ( ! utt]ances1 & ! transition f ! mascul9e to ! fem99e g5d] & f ! s+ul> numb] to ! plural4 ,ev5 ! *orus takes an active "p 9 ! movem5t ( ! dialogue1 in/ead ( simply comm5t+ on ! proce$+s ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s z 9 a ,greek play4 ,we seem to want a key to ! /ory1 & ! abs5ce ( any?+ ( ! k9d is ! occasion ( ! bewild]+ v>iety ( conjectures t confronts ! read]4 ,b ! difficulty ?us occasion$ is no reason = d5y+ t !re is any cont9uity 9 ! book1 especially 9 view ( num]\s signs ( unity t _c be evad$4 ,among ^? :o accept ! dramatic integrity ( ! poem !re are two di/9ct l9es ( int]pretation1 ea* ( !m admitt+ "s diff]5ces 9 ! treatm5t ( detail4 ,accord+ to "o s*eme ,solomon is ! only lov]2 accord+ to ! o!r1 :ile ! k+ is seek+ to w9 ! affections ( ! c\ntry maid51 he has be5 =e/all$ by a %eph]d1 fidelity to :om is %ewn by ! ,%ulammite 9 spite ( ! fasc9ations ( ! c\rt4 ,!re is no d5y+ ! rural simplicity ( mu* ( ! sc5]y2 evid5tly ?is is design$ to be 9 contra/ to ! s5su\s luxury & spl5d\r ( ! c\rt4 ,^? :o take ,solomon to be ! "o lov] ?r\gh\t1 n only admit ?is fact2 !y br+ x into _! v]sion ( ! /ory s z to height5 ! effect4 ,! k+ is out holiday-mak+1 p]haps on a hunt+ exp$ition1 :5 he fir/ meets ! c\ntry maid54 ,9 h] *ildlike simplicity %e takes him = a ru/ic swa92 or p]haps1 ?\gh %e kn[s :o he is1 %e sportively addresses him z %e w\ld address "o ( h] village companions4 ,subsequ5tly %e %ews no lik+ = ! pomp ( royalty4 ,%e _c make h]self at home ) ! wom5 ( ! h>em4 ,%e longs to be back 9 h] "m's cottage among ! woods & fields :]e %e sp5t h] *ild days4 ,b %e loves ! k+ & he dotes on h]4 ,s %e w\ld take him ) h] away f ! follies & temptations ( ! c\rt d[n to h] quiet c\ntry retreat4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! ,%ulammite ,solomon is induc$ to give up 8 unwor?y habits & live a heal?i]1 pur] life4 ,h] love is /rong en\gh to reta9 ! k+ :olly to h]self4 ,?us ! poem is said to describe a re=mation 9 ! "* ( ,solomon4 ,9 p>ticul> x is ?\ght to celebrate ! triumph ( true love ov] ! degradation ( polygamy4 ,x is impossible to f9d any "t 9 ! life ( ,david's successor :5 ?is great conv]sion might h tak5 place2 & ! occurr5ce itself is highly improbable4 ,^? h[ev] are n fatal objections to ! propos$ s*eme1 because ! poem may be entirely ideal2 x may ev5 be writt5 at ! k+4 ,hi/orical consid]ations ne$ n tr\ble u 9 deal+ ) an imag9ative "w su* z ?is4 ,x mu/ be judg$ entirely on int]nal gr\nds4 ,b :5 x is s judg$ x refuses to come into l9e ) ! int]pretation sugge/$4 ,reg>d+ ! matt] only f a lit]>y po9t ( view1 we mu/ confess t x is mo/ improbable t ,solomon w\ld be introduc$ z a simple peasant )\t any h9t ( ! reason ( 8 appe>+ 9 ?is novel guise4 ,!n we may detect a diff]5ce betwe5 ! mann] 9 :i* ! k+ addresses ! ,%ulammite & t 9 :i*1 on ! second hypo!sis1 ! %eph]d speaks to h]4 ,solomon's complim5ts are frigid & /ilt$2 !y describe ! object ( 8 admiration 9 ! mo/ extravagant t]ms1 b !y exhibit no trace ( feel+4 ,! he>t ( ! voluptu>y is )]$1 ! fires ( passion h burnt !mselves out & only ! cold a%es rema91 ! sacr$ ^w love has be5 s long desecrat$ t x has ceas$ to convey any mean+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 frequ5t practice has out/ripp$ ! clumsy woo+ ( inexp]i5c$ lov]s & develop$ ! art ( c\rt%ip to a high degree4 ,! royal bird-cat*] kn[s h[ to lay 8 l9es1 ?\gh =tunately = once ev5 8 consummate skill fails4 ,h[ diff]5t is ! be>+ ( ! true lov]1 a village lad :o has won ! maid5's he>t6 ,he has no ne$ to resort to ! vocabul>y ( flatt]y1 because 8 own he>t speaks4 ,! ,engli% translations give an unw>rantable appe>ance ( w>m? to ! k+'s language :]e he is repres5t$ z call+ ! ,%ulammite ,my love4#c ,! ^w 9 ! ,hebrew means no m ?an my fri5d4 ,:5 ,solomon fir/ appe>s he addresses ! ,%ulammite ) ?is title1 & !n imm$iately tries to tempt h] by promis+ h] pres5ts ( jewelry4 ,take ano!r in/ance4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? *apt] ,solomon ent]s on an elaborate s]ies ( complim5ts describ+ ! beauty ( ! ,%ulammite1 )\t a s+le ^w ( affection4 ,z %e p]si/s 9 )/&+ 8 advances h] p]secutor becomes aba%$4 ,he %r9ks f h] pure1 cold gaze1 calls h] t]rible z an army ) bann]s1 prays h] to turn away h] eyes f him4 ,on ! !ory t ,solomon is ! accept$ lov]1 ! belov$ bridegroom1 ?is position is q un9telligible4 ,n[ turn to ! language ( ! true lov]3 ,?\ ha/ ravi%$ my he>t1 my si/]1 my bride2 ?\ ha/ ravi%$ my he>t ) "o look ( ?9e eyes4#d #c i4 #i4 #d iv4 #i4 ,a correspond+ diff]5ce is to be detect$ 9 ! be>+ ( ! maid5 t[>ds ! rivals4 ,t[>ds ! k+ %e is cool & repell5t2 b no dream ( poetry c equal ! t5d]ness & sweetness ( h] mus+ on h] abs5t lov] or ! w>m? ( love ) :i* %e speaks to him4 ,^! di/9ctions w be m app>5t 9 detail z we proce$ ) ! /ory ( ! poem4 ,x may be notic$ "h1 t ?is /ory is n at all consi/5t ) ! !ory t ,solomon is ! only lov]4 ,accord+ to t hypo!sis we h ! highly improbable situation ( a sep>ation ( ! newly m>ri$ c\ple on _! w$d+ day4 ,besides1 z ! climax is suppos$ to be rea*$ at ! middle ( ! book1 !re is no app>5t motive = ! second half4 ,! mod]n novel1 :i* has its w$d+ at ! middle ( its plot1 or ev5 at ! v beg9n+1 & !n sets itself to develop ! com$y or p]haps ! trag$y ( m>ri$ life1 is n at all p>allel to ?is old love /ory4 ,"t mu/ be all[$ = ! developm5t ( matrimonial complications2 b "h ! sc5es are all 9 close connection4 ,if we are ?us l$ to accept :at has be5 call$ ! %eph]d hypo!sis ! value ( ! book w be consid]ably enhanc$4 ,?is is m ?an a m]e love poem2 x is n to be class$ ) erotics1 al?\gh a c>eless read+ ( "s ( its passages might incl9e u to place x 9 ! same category ) a purely s5su\s /yle ( poetry4 ,we h "h some?+ m ?an ,sappho's fire4 ,if we are tempt$ to comp>e x ) ,h]rick's ,hesp]ides or ,%akespe>e's ,sonnets1 we mu/ recognise an elem5t t lifts x above ! sighs ( love-sick y\?s & maid5s4 ,ev5 on ! ,solomon !ory pure love & simple liv+ are exalt$ 9 opposition to ! luxury & vices ( ! royal s]aglio4 ,a poem t sets =? ! beauty ( a simple c\ntry life z ! sc5e ( ! true love ( husb& & wife 9 contra/ to ! degradation ( a corrupt c\rt is di/9ctly elevat+ 9 tone & influ5ce1 & ! m s = ! fact t x is n didactic 9 =m4 ,x is n only 9 k+s' palaces & amid sc5es ( ori5tal voluptu\sness t ! influ5ce ( su* ideas z are "h pres5t$ is ne$$4 ,*ri/ian civilisation has n progress$ beyond ! condition 9 :i* ! consid]ation ( !m may be resort$ to z a :olesome corrective4 ,b if we are to agree to ! %eph]d hypo!sis z on ! :ole ! m probable1 ano!r idea ( highe/ importance em]ges4 ,x is n love1 n[1 b fidelity1 t claims our att5tion4 ,! simple girl1 protect$ only by h] virtue1 :o is pro( aga9/ all ! fasc9ations ( ! mo/ spl5did c\rt1 & :o pref]s to be ! wife ( ! poor man :om %e loves1 & to :om %e has plight$ tro?1 to accept+ a que5's cr[n at ! co/ ( des]t+ h] humble lov]1 is ! type & example ( a loyalty :i* is ! m admirable because x appe>s :]e we %\ld little expect to f9d x4 ,x has be5 said t su* a /ory z is "h depict$ w\ld be impossible 9 real life2 t a girl once entic$ into ! h>em ( an ori5tal despot w\ld nev] h a *ance ( escape4 ,! eunu*s :o gu>d$ ! doors w\ld lose _! heads if !y all[$ h] to run away2 ! k+ w\ld nev] give up ! prey t _h fall5 into 8 trap2 ! %eph]d lov] :o 0 mad en\gh to pursue 8 lo/ swee!>t into h] captor's palace w\ld nev] come out alive4 ,are we s sure ( all ^! po9ts8 ,mo/ improbable ?+s d happ54 ,x is at lea/ conceivable t ev5 a cruel tyrant might be seiz$ ) a fit ( g5]osity1 & :y %\ld we reg>d ,solomon z a cruel tyrant8 ,8 fame implies t !re 7 noble traits 9 8 "*4 ,b ^! que/ions are beside ! m>k4 ,! situation is :olly ideal4 ,!n ! m improbable ! ev5ts describ$ w\ld be 9 real life1 ! m impressive d ! lessons !y sugge/ become4 ,:o wrote ! book8 ,! only answ] t c be giv5 to ?is "q is negative4 ,assur$ly1 ,solomon c\ld n h be5 ! au?or ( ?is lovely poem 9 praise ( ! love & fidelity ( a c\ntry lass & h] swa91 & ! simplicity ( _! ru/ic life4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a man 9 all hi/ory :o m conspicu\sly illu/rat$ ! exact opposites ( ^! ideas4 ,! exquisite eulogy ( love--p]haps ! f9e/ 9 any lit]ature--:i* occurs t[>ds ! end ( ! book1 ! passage beg9n+1 ,set me z a seal ^u ?9e he>t1 etc41#e is n ! "w ( ?is ma/] ( a huge s]aglio1 ) 8 sev5 hundr$ wives & 8 ?ree hundr$ concub9es4#f ,x is impossible to f9d ! s\rce ( ?is poetry 9 ! palace ( ! ,israelite ,gr& ,mon>*2 we might z soon light on a bank ( wild fl[]s 9 a ,p>is danc+ saloon4 ,!re is q a libr>y ( ,solomon lit]ature1 a v small "p ( :i* c be trac$ to ! k+ ^: "n x be>s1 ! greatness ( ?is "n hav+ attract$ att5tion & l$ to ! ascription ( v>i\s works to ! royal au?or1 ^: wisdom 0 z prov]bial z 8 spl5d\r4 ,x is difficult to resi/ ! impression t 9 ! pres5t case !re is "s irony 9 ! s+ul> inappropriat5ess ( ! title4 #e viii4 #f1 #g4 #f #a ,k+s xi4 #c4 ,! date ( ! poem c be conjectur$ ) "s degree ( assurance1 al?\gh ! language does n help u mu* 9 ! det]m9ation ( ?is po9t4 ,!re are ar*aisms1 & !re are also t]ms t seem to indicate a late date--,aramaic words & possibly ev5 words ( ,greek extraction4 ,! few =eign t]ms may h crept 9 "u ! influ5ce ( revis]s4 ,on ! o!r h& ! /yle & cont5ts ( ! book speak = ! days ( ! ,augu/an age ( ,hebrew hi/ory4 ,! notoriety ( ,solomon's c\rt & memories ( its magnific5ce & luxury seem to be fre% 9 ! m9ds ( p4 ,^! ?+s are treat$ 9 detail & ) an am\nt ( fre$om t supposes k on ! "p ( ! read]s z well z ! writ]4 ,!re is "o expression t helps to fix ! date ) m def9it5ess4 ,tirzah is associat$ ) ,j]usalem z ?\gh ! two cities 7 ( equal importance4 ,! k+ says3-- ,?\ art beautiful1 ,o my love1 z ,tirzah1 ,comely z ,j]usalem4#g #g vi4 #d4 ,n[ ?is city 0 ! nor!rn capital = ab\t fifty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,solomon--f ! "t ( ,j]oboam1 :o made x 8 royal resid5ce1#h till ! reign ( ,omri1 :o ab&on$ ! ill-om5$ place six ye>s aft] 8 vanqui%$ pr$ecessor ,zimri _h burnt ! palace ov] 8 own head4#i ,! way 9 :i* ! old capital is m5tion$ "h implies t x is /ill to ! nor? :at ,j]usalem is to ! s\?4 ,?us we are br\ght to ! half c5tury aft] ! dea? ( ! k+ ^: "n ! book be>s4 #h #a ,k+s xiv4 #ag4 #i #a ,k+s xvi4 #ah1 #bc1 #bd4 ,! m5tion ( ,tirzah z ! equal ( ,j]usalem is also an evid5ce ( ! nor!rn orig9 ( ! poem2 = x is n at all probable t a subject ( ! mutilat$ nation ( ! s\? w\ld describe ! beauty ( ! rebel headqu>t]s by ! side ( t ( 8 own idolis$ city1 z some?+ typical & p]fect4 ,b ! poem ?r\gh\t gives indications ( its orig9 9 ! c\ntry p>ts ( ! nor?4 ,%unem1 fam\s z ! sc5e ( ,eli%a's great miracle1 seems to be ! home ( ! h]o9e4#aj ,! poet turns to all po9ts ( ! compass = images ) :i* to enri* 8 pictures--,%>on on ! we/]n coa/1#aa ,gilead across ! ,jordan to ! ea/1#ab ,eng$i by ! wild]ness ( ! ,dead ,sea1#ac z well z ! nor!rn di/ricts4 ,b ! nor? is mo/ frequ5tly m5tion$4 ,lebanon is nam$ ov] & ov] aga91#ad & ,h]mon is ref]r$ to z 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! %eph]d's home4#ae ,9 fact ! poem is saturat$ ) ! fragrant atmosph]e ( ! nor!rn m\nta9s4 #aj vi4 #ac4 #aa ii4 #a4 #ab iv4 #a4 #ac i4 #ad4 #ad iii4 #i2 iv4 #h1 #ae2 vii4 #d4 #ae iv4 #h4 ,n[ ?is has sugge/$ a /rik+ inf]5ce4 ,"h we h a picture ( ,solomon & 8 c\rt f ! n too fri5dly h& ( a citiz5 ( ! revolt$ prov9ces4 ,! hi/ory 9 ! ,books ( ,k+s is writt5 f ! /&po9t ( ,judah2 x is curi\s to le>n h[ ! p ( ! nor? ?\ght ( ,solomon 9 all 8 glory4 ,?us consid]$ ! book acquires a second>y & political mean+4 ,x appe>s z a scornful condemnation ( ! c\rt at ,j]usalem on ! "p ( ! poor] & m simple inhabitants ( ! k+dom ( ,j]oboam & 8 successors4#af ,b x also /&s = all "t z a prote/ aga9/ luxury & vice1 & z a te/imony to ! beauty & dignity ( pure love1 /an* fidelity1 & quiet1 :olesome1 primitive c\ntry mann]s4 ,x brea!s ! _s t reappe>s 9 ,goldsmi?'s ,des]t$ ,village1 & inspires ! muse ( ,wordswor?1 z 9 ! poem :i* contra/s ! dove's simple notes ) ! night+ale's tumultu\s song1 say+ ( ! homely bird1 ,he sang ( love ) quiet bl5d+2 ,sl[ to beg91 & nev] end+2 ,( s]i\s fai? & inw>d glee2 ,t 0 ! song--! song = me4 #af ,see ,ency4 ,brit41 ,art4 ,canticles1 by ,rob]tson ,smi?4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,true ,,love ,,te/$ ,,*apt] i4-v4 #a ,! poem op5s ) a sc5e 9 ,solomon's palace4 ,a c\ntry maid5 has j be5 introduc$ to ! royal h>em4 ,! situation is pa9ful en\gh 9 itself1 = ! poor1 %y girl is exp]i5c+ ! mis]able lonel9ess ( f9d+ h]self 9 an unsympa!tic cr[d4 ,b t is n all4 ,%e is at once ! object ( g5]al obs]vation2 e eye is turn$ t[>ds h]2 & curiosity is only succe$$ by ill-conceal$ disgu/4 ,/ill ! slavi% wom51 presumably act+ on comm&1 set !mselves to excite ! new com]'s admiration = _! "l & ma/]4 ,fir/ "o speaks "s bold amor\s words1#ag & !n ! :ole *orus foll[s4#ah ,all ?is is di/ress+ & al>m+ to ! captive1 :o calls on h] abs5t lov] to fet* h] away f su* an uncong5ial sc5e2 %e longs to run aft] him2 = x is ! k+ :o has br\ght h] into 8 *amb]s1 n h] own w4#ai ,! wom5 ( ! h>em take no notice ( ?is int]ruption1 b f9i% _! ode on ! *>ms ( ,solomon4 ,all ! :ile !y are />+ at ! ru/ic maid51 & %e n[ becomes consci\s ( a gr[+ contempt 9 _! looks4 ,:at is %e t ! attractions ( ! k+ be=e :i* ! da9ty ladies ( ! c\rt pro/rate !mselves %\ld h no fasc9ation = h]8 ,%e notices ! contra/ betwe5 ! sw>?y hue ( h] sun-burnt c\nt5ance & ! pale complexion ( ^! pamp]$ products ( palace seclusion4 ,%e is s d>k 9 comp>ison ) !m t %e lik5s h]self to ! black goats-hair t5ts ( ! ,arabs4#bj ,! explanation is t h] bro!rs h made h] "w 9 _! v9ey>ds4 ,mean:ile %e has n kept h] own v9ey>d4#ba ,%e has n gu>d$ h] beauty z ^! idle wom51 :o h no?+ else to d1 h gu>d$ !irs2 b p]haps %e has a sadd] ?\ght--%e c\ld n protect h]self :5 out alone at h] task 9 ! c\ntry or %e w\ld nev] h be5 captur$ & c>ri$ on to ! prison :]e %e n[ sits disconsolate4 ,possibly ! v9ey>d %e has n kept is ! lov] :om %e has lo/4#bb ,/ill %e is a woman1 & ) a t\* ( piqu$ pride %e rem9ds h] critics t if %e is d>k--black comp>$ ) !m--%e is comely4 ,!y _c d5y t4 ,x is ! cause ( all h] mis]y2 %e owes h] imprisonm5t to h] beauty4 ,%e kn[s t _! secret feel+ is "o ( envy ( h]1 ! late/ fav\rite4 ,!n _! affect$ contempt is gr\ndless4 ,b1 inde$1 %e has no desire to /& z _! rival4 ,%e w\ld gladly make h] escape4 ,%e speaks 9 a half soliloquy4 ,w n somebody tell h] :]e he is :om h] s\l love?8 ,:]e is h] lo/ %eph]d lad8 ,:]e is he fe$+ 8 flock8 ,:]e is he re/+ x at noon8 ,su* que/ions only provoke mock]y4 ,address+ ! simple girl z ! faire/ among wom51 ! c\rt ladies bid h] f9d h] lov] = h]self4 ,let h] g back to h] c\ntry life & fe$ h] kids by ! %eph]ds' t5ts4 ,d\btless if %e is bold en\gh to c\rt h] swa9 9 t way %e w n miss see+ him4 #ag i4 #b4 #ah i4 #c4 #ai i4 #d4 #bj i4 #e4 #ba i4 #f4 #bb ,see viii4 #ab4 ,hi!rto ,solomon has n appe>$4 ,n[ he comes on ! sc5e1 & proce$s to acco/ 8 new acquisition 9 highly complim5t>y language1 ) ! ease ( an exp]t 9 ! art ( c\rt%ip4 ,at ?is po9t we enc\nt] ! mo/ s]i\s difficulty = ! !ory ( a %eph]d lov]4 ,to all appe>ances a dialogue betwe5 ! k+ & ! ,%ulammite "h ensues4#bc ,b if ?is 7 ! case1 ! c\ntry girl w\ld be address+ ,solomon 9 t]ms ( ! utmo/ ende>m5t--conduct utt]ly incompatible ) ! %eph]d hypo!sis4 ,! only alt]native is to suppose t ! h>d-press$ girl takes refuge f ! importunity ( h] royal flatt]] by turn+ aside to an imag9>y1 half dream-l conv]sation ) h] abs5t lov]4 ,?is is n by any means a probable position1 x mu/ be all[$2 x seems to put a /ra9$ int]pretation on ! text4 ,und\bt$ly if ! passage be=e u /ood by itself1 !re w\ld n be any diff]5ce ( op9ion ab\t x2 ev]ybody w\ld take x 9 its obvi\s mean+ z a conv]sation betwe5 two lov]s4 ,b x does n /& by itself--unless1 inde$1 we are to give up ! unity ( ! book4 ,!re=e x mu/ be int]pret$ s z n to contradict ! :ole c\rse ( ! poem1 :i* %ews t ano!r ?an ,solomon is ! true lov] ( ! disconsolate maid54 #bc i4 #i--;ii4 #f4 ,! k+ beg9s ) ! famili> device by :i* ri* m5 all ! _w ov] try to w9 ! confid5ce ( poor girls :5 !re is no love on ei!r side1--a device :i* has be5 only too successful 9 ! case ( _m a weak ,m>gu]ite ?\gh h] tempt] has n always be5 a h&some ,fau/2 b 9 ! pres5t case innoc5ce is =tifi$ by true love1 & ! trick is a failure4 ,! k+ notices t ?is peasant girl has b simple plait$ hair & homely ornam5ts4 ,%e %all h plaits ( gold & /uds ( silv]6 ,spl5did z "o ( ,ph>aoh's *>iot horses1 %e %all be decorat$ z magnific5tly z !y are decorat$6 ,:at is ?is to our /an* h]o9e8 ,%e treats x ) absolute indiff]5ce1 & beg9s to soliloquise1 ) a t\* ( scorn 9 h] language4 ,%e has be5 load$ ) sc5t aft] ! mann] ( ! luxuri\s c\rt1 & ! k+ :ile seat$ fea/+ at 8 table has caught ! od\r ( ! ri* p]fumes4 ,t is :y he is n[ by h] side4 ,does he ?9k t %e w s]ve z a new da9ty = ! great banquet1 z a fre% fillip = ! jad$ appetite ( ! royal voluptu>y8 ,if s he is mu* mi/ak54 ,! k+'s promises h no attraction = h]1 & %e turns = relief to de> memories ( h] true love4 ,! ?\ght ( him is fragrant z ! bundle ( myrrh %e c>ries 9 h] bosom1 z ! h5na-fl[]s t bloom 9 ! v9ey>ds ( f>-(f ,eng$i4 ,cle>ly ,solomon has made a clumsy move4 ,?is %y bird is n ( ! common species ) :i* he is famili>4 ,he mu/ aim high] if he w\ld br+ d[n 8 qu>ry4 ,%e is n to be class$ ) ! w>es ( ! matrimonial m>ket t are only wait+ to be assign$ to ! ri*e/ bidd]4 ,%e _c be b\ght ev5 by ! weal? ( a k+'s treasury4 ,b if !re is a woman :o c resi/ ! *>ms ( f9]y1 is !re "o :o c /& aga9/ ! admiration ( h] p]sonal beauty8 ,a man ( ,solomon's exp]i5ce w\ld sc>cely believe t su* 0 to be f\nd4 ,nev]!less n[ ! sex he e/imates too lightly is to be v9dicat$1 :ile ! k+ himself is to be taught a :olesome lesson4 ,he may call h] fair2 he may praise h] dove-l eyes4#bd ,8 flatt]y is lo/ ^u h]4 ,%e only ?9ks ( ! beauty ( h] %eph]d lad1 & pictures to h]self ! gre5 bank on :i* !y us$ to sit1 ) ! c$>s & firs = ! beams & ro( ( _! try/+-place4#be ,h] language c>ries u away f ! gild$ spl5d\r & close1 p]fum$ atmosph]e ( ! royal palace to sc5es su* z ,%akespe>e pres5ts 9 ! =e/ ( ,ard5 & ! haunts ( ,titania1 & ,milton 9 ! ,mask ( ,comus4 ,"h is a ,hebrew lady long+ to escape f ! clut*es ( "o :o = all 8 glory is n )\t "s ( ! (f5sive traits ( ! mon/] ,comus4 ,%e ?9ks ( h]self z a wild fl[]1 l ! crocus t gr[s on ! pla9s ( ,%>on or ! lily 7lit]ally ! anemone7 t is spr9kl$ s freely ov] ! upl& valleys4#bf ,! op5 c\ntry is ! natural habitat ( su* a plant1 n ! /ifl+ c\rt4 ,solomon cat*es at h] beautiful imag]y4 ,comp>$ ) o!r maid5s %e is l a lily among ?orns4#bg #bd i4 #ae4 #be i4 #af1 #ag4 #bf ii4 #a4 #bg ii4 #b4 ,& n[ ^! sc5es ( nature c>ry ! p]secut$ girl away 9 a sort ( rev]ie4 ,if %e is l ! t5d] fl[]1 h] lov] resembles ! apple tree at ! foot ( :i* x ne/les1 a tree ! %ad[ ( :i* is delightful & its fruit sweet4#bh ,%e rememb]s h[ he br\ght h] to 8 banquet+ h\se2 t ru/ic b[] 0 a v diff]5t place f ! gr& divan on :i* %e _h se5 ,solomon sitt+ at 8 table4 ,no purple hang+s l ^? ( ! k+'s palace !re scre5$ h] f ! sun4 ,! only bann] h] %eph]d c\ld spread ov] h] 0 love1 8 own love4#bi ,b :at c\ld be a m p]fect %elt]8 #bh ii4 #c4 #bi ii4 #d4 ,%e is fa9t+4 ,h[ %e longs = h] lov] to com=t h]6 ,%e has j comp>$ him to an apple tree2 n[ ! refre%m5t %e hung]s = is ! fruit ( ?is tree2 t is to say1 8 love4#cj ,oh t he w\ld put 8 arms r\nd h] & support h]1 z 9 ! old happy days be=e %e _h be5 snat*$ away f him6#ca #cj ii4 #e4 #ca ii4 #f4 ,next foll[s a v]se :i* is repeat$ lat]1 & s s]ves z a sort ( refra94#cb ,! ,%ulammite adjures ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem n to awak5 love4 ,?is v]se is misr5d]$ 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 :i* ins]ts ! pron\n my be=e love )\t any w>rant 9 ! ,hebrew text4 ,! poor girl has spok5 ( apples4 ,b ! c\rt ladies mu/ n misund]/& h]4 ,%e wants none ( _! love apples1#cc no philtre1 no *>m to turn h] affections away f h] %eph]d lov] & p]v]t !m to ! importunate royal suitor4 ,! op5+ words ( ! poem :i* celebrat$ ! *>ms ( ,solomon _h be5 aim$ 9 t direction4 ,! motive ( ! "w seems to be ! ,%ulammite's resi/ance to v>i\s attempts to move h] f loyalty to h] true love4 ,x is natural1 !re=e1 t an appeal to desi/ f all su* attempts %\ld come out emphatically4 #cb ii4 #g4 #cc ,see ,g54 xxx4 #ad4 ,! poem takes a new turn4 ,9 imag9ation ! ,%ulammite he>s ! voice ( h] belov$4 ,%e pictures him /&+ at ! foot ( ! l(ty rock on :i* ! h>em is built1 & cry+1-- ,oh1 my dove1 t art 9 ! clefts ( ! rock1 9 ! cov] ( ! /eep place1 ,let me see ?y c\nt5ance1 let me he> ?y voice2 ,= sweet is ?y voice1 & ?y c\nt5ance is comely4#cd #cd ii4 #ad4 ,he is l a tr\bad\r s++ to 8 imprison$ lady-love2 & %e1 9 h] soliloquys1 ?\gh n by any means a high-born maid51 may call to m9d ! simile 9 ,%elley's ,skyl>k3-- ,l a high-born maid5 ,9 a palace t[]1 ,soo?+ h] love-lad5 ,s\l 9 secret h\r1 ,) music sweet z love1 :i* ov]fl[s h] b[]4 ,%e rememb]s h[ h] lov] _h come to h] b\nd+ ov] ! hills l a roe or a "y h>t1#ce & peep+ 9 at h] lattice2 & %e repeats ! song ) :i* he _h call$ h] out--"o ( ! sweete/ songs ( spr+ t ev] 0 sung4#cf ,9 our own gre5 isl& we ackn[l$ge t ?is is ! mo/ beautiful season ( all ! r\nd ye>2 b 9 ,pale/9e x /&s out 9 m /rongly pron\nc$ contra/ to ! ?ree o!r seasons1 & x is 9 itself exce$+ly lovely4 ,:ile summ] & autumn are !re p>*$ ) dr\ght1 b>r5 & desolate1 & :ile w9t] is (t5 dre>y ) sn[-/orms & floods ( ra91 9 spr+ ! :ole l& is "o lovely g>d51 ablaze ) ri*e/ hues1 hill & dale1 wild]ness & f>ml& vy+ 9 ! luxuriance ( _! wild fl[]s1 f ! r$ anemone t fires ! /eep sides ( ! m\nta9s to ! purple & :ite cyclam5 t ne/les among ! rocks at _! feet4 ,mu* ( ! beauty ( ?is poem is f\nd 9 ! fact t x is p]vad$ by ! _s ( an ea/]n spr+4 ,?is makes x possible to introduce a weal? ( beautiful imag]y :i* w\ld n h be5 appropriate if any o!r season _h be5 *os54 ,ev5 m lovely 9 ,m>* ?an ,engl& is 9 ,may1 ,pale/9e comes ne>e/ to ! appe>ance ( our c\ntry 9 ! =m] mon?2 s t ?is poem1 t is s completely ba!d 9 ! atmosph]e ( e>ly spr+1 calls up e*oes ( ! exquisite ,engli% g>d5 pictures 9 ,%elley's ,s5sitive ,plant & ,t5nyson's ,maud4 ,b x is n only beauty ( imag]y t our poet ga9s by sett+ 8 "w 9 ?is lovely season4 ,8 ideas are all 9 h>mony ) ! p]iod ( ! ye> he describes s *>m+ly4 ,x is ! "t ( y\? & hope1 ( joy & love--especially ( love1 =1 ,9 ! spr+ a "y man's fancy ,lightly turns to ?\ghts ( love4 #ce ii4 #i4 #cf ii4 #aa-ac4 ,!re is ev5 a deep] association betwe5 ! ideas ( ! poem & ! season 9 :i* x is set4 ,none ( ! fre%ness ( spr+ is to be f\nd ab\t ,solomon & 8 h>em1 b x is all pres5t 9 ! ,%ulammite & h] %eph]d2 & spr+ sc5es & ?\ghts p[]fully aid ! motive ( ! poem 9 acc5tuat+ ! contra/ betwe5 ! tawdry magnific5ce ( ! c\rt & ! pure1 simple beauty ( ! c\ntry life to :i* ! h]o9e ( ! poem cl+s s fai?fully4 ,! ,%ulammite answ]s h] lov] 9 an old ditty ab\t ! little foxes t spoil ! v9ey>ds4#cg ,he w\ld recognise t1 & s discov] h] pres5ce4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! leg5d ( ,ri*>d's page f9d+ 8 ma/] by s++ a famili> ballad outside ! walls ( ! ca/le 9 ! ,tyrol :]e ! captive crusad] 0 imprison$4 ,?is is all imag9>y4 ,& yet ! fai?ful girl kn[s 9 h] he>t t h] belov$ is h]s & t %e is 81 al?\gh 9 sob] reality he is n[ fe$+ 8 flocks 9 ! f>-(f fl[]y fields ( h] old home4#ch ,!re he mu/ rema9 till ! cool ( ! ev5+1 till ! %ad[s melt into ! d>kness ( night1 :5 %e w\ld fa9 he return$ to h]1 com+ ov] ! rugg$ m\nta9s l a roe or a "y h>t4#ci #cg ii4 #ae4 #ch ii4 #af4 #ci ii4 #ag4 ,n[ ! ,%ulammite tells a pa9ful dream4#dj ,%e dream$ t %e _h lo/ h] lov]1 & t %e rose up at night & w5t out into ! /reets seek+ him4 ,at fir/ %e fail$ to f9d him4 ,%e ask$ ! wat*m5 :om %e met on _! r\nd1 if !y _h se5 him :om h] s\l lov$4 ,!y c\ld n help h] que/4 ,b a little :ile aft] leav+ !m %e discov]$ ! miss+ lov]1 & br\ght him safely into h] "m's h\se4 #dj iii4 #a-d4 ,aft] a repetition ( ! w>n+ to ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem n to awak5 love1#da we are introduc$ to a new sc5e4#db ,x is by "o ( ! gates ( ,j]usalem1 :]e ! c\ntry maid5 has be5 br\ght 9 ord] t %e may be impress$ by ! gorge\s spectacle ( ,solomon return+ f a royal progress4 ,! k+ comes up f ! wild]ness 9 cl\ds ( p]fume1 gu>d$ by sixty m5-at-arms1 & borne 9 a magnific5t palanqu9 ( c$>-wood1 ) silv] po/s1 a floor ( gold1 & purple cu%ions1 we>+ on 8 head ! cr[n ) :i* 8 "m _h cr[n$ him4 ,is ! m5tion ( ! "m ( ,solomon int5d$ to be specially significant8 ,rememb]--%e 0 ,ba?%eba6 ,! allusion to su* a woman w\ld n be likely to conciliate ! pure "y girl :o 0 n 9 ! lea/ degree mov$ by ?is attempt to *>m h] ) a sc5e ( exceptional magnific5ce4 #da iii4 #e4 #db iii4 #f-aa ,solomon n[ appe>s aga91 prais+ 8 captive 9 extravagant language ( c\rtly flatt]y4 ,he praises h] dove-l eyes1 h] volum9\s black hair1 h] rosy lips1 h] noble br[ 7n ev5 disguis$ by h] veil71 h] t[]+ neck1 h] t5d] bosom--lovely z tw9 gazelles t fe$ among ! lilies4 ,l h] lov]1 :o is necess>ily away ) 8 flock1 ,solomon w leave h] till ! cool ( ! ev5+1 till ! %ad[s melt into night2 b he has no pa/oral duties to att5d to1 & ?\gh ! delicate balanc+ & assimilation ( phrase & idea is gracefully manipulat$1 !re is a *ange4 ,! k+ w g to m\nta9s ( myrrh & hills ( frank9c5se1#dc to make 8 p]son m fragrant1 & s1 z he hopes1 m welcome4 #dc iv4 #f4 ,if we adopt ! %eph]d hypo!sis ! next section ( ! poem mu/ be assign$ to ! ru/ic lov]4#dd ,x is difficult to believe t ?is peasant w\ld be all[$ to speak to a lady 9 ! royal h>em4 ,we might suppose t "h & p]haps also 9 ! e>li] sc5e ! %eph]d is repres5t$ z actually pres5t at ! foot ( ! rock on :i* ! palace /&s4 ,o!rwise ?is also mu/ be tak5 z an imag9>y sc5e1 or z a rem9isc5ce ( ! dreamy girl4 ,al?\gh a ?read ( unity runs ?r\gh ! :ole poem1 ,goe! 0 cle>ly correct 9 call+ x a m$ley4 ,sc5es real & imag9>y melt+ "o into ano!r _c take _! places 9 a regul> drama4 ,b :5 we grant full lib]ty to ! imag9>y elem5t !re is less necessity to ask :at is subjective & :at objective1 :at only fanci$ by ! ,%ulammite & :at int5d$ to be tak5 z an actual occurr5ce4 ,/rictly speak+1 no?+ is actual2 ! :ole poem is a highly imag9ative s]ies ( fancy pictures illu/rat+ ! developm5t ( its lead+ ideas4 #dd iv4 #h-ae4 ,next--:e!r we take x z 9 imag9ation or 9 fact--! %eph]d lov] calls 8 bride to foll[ him f ! mo/ remote regions4 ,8 language is entirely diff]5t f t ( ! magnific5t mon>*4 ,he does n wa/e 8 brea? 9 =mal complim5ts1 high-fl[n imag]y1 we>isome li/s ( ! *>ms ( ! girl he loves4 ,t 0 ! clumsy me?od ( ! k+2 clumsy1 ?\gh reflect+ ! f9i%$ mann]s ( ! c\rt1 9 comp>ison ) ! g5u9e outp\r+s ( ! he>t ( a c\ntry lad4 ,! %eph]d is eloqu5t ) ! inspiration ( true love2 8 words ?rob & gl[ ) g5u9e emotion2 !re is a f9e1 :olesome passion 9 !m4 ,! love ( 8 bride has ravi%$ 8 he>t4 ,h[ beautiful is h] love6 ,he is intoxicat$ ) x m ?an ) w9e4 ,h[ sweet are h] words ( t5d] affection1 l milk & honey6 ,%e is s pure1 !re is some?+ si/]ly 9 h] love ) all its w>m?4 ,& %e is s ne> to him t %e is almo/ l "p ( himself1 z 8 own si/]4 ,?is holy & close relation%ip is 9 />tl+ contra/ to ! only ?+ kn[n z love 9 ! royal h>em4 ,x is z mu* m l(ty & noble z x is m /rong & deep ?an ! jad$ emotions ( ! c\rt4 ,! sweet pure maid5 is to ! %eph]d l a g>d5 ! gate ( :i* is b>r$ aga9/ trespass]s1 l a spr+ %ut (f f casual access1 l a seal$ f\nta9--seal$ to all b "o1 &1 happy man1 he is t "o4 ,to him %e belongs1 to him alone4 ,%e is a g>d51 yes1 a mo/ fragrant g>d51 an or*>d ( pomegranates full ( ri* fruit1 cr[d$ ) sweet-sc5t$ plants--h5na & spik5>d & saffron1 calamus & c9namon & all k9ds ( frank9c5se1 myrrh & aloes & ! be/ ( spices4 ,%e is a f\nta9 9 ! g>d51 seal$ to all o!rs1 b n /9t$ t[>ds ! "o %e loves4 ,to him %e is z a well ( liv+ wat]s1 l ! full-f$ /reams t fl[ f ,lebanon4 ,! maid5 is suppos$ to he> ! song ( love4 ,%e replies 9 fe>less words ( welcome1 bidd+ ! nor? w9d awake1 & ! s\? w9d too1 t ! fragrance ( :i* h] lov] has spok5 s en?usia/ically may fl[ out m ri*ly ?an ev]4 ,= 8 sake %e w\ld be m sweet & lov+4 ,all %e possesses is = him4 ,let him come & take possession ( 8 own4#de #de iv4 #af4 ,:at lov] c\ld turn aside f su* a raptur\s invitation8 ,! %eph]d takes 8 bride2 he ent]s 8 g>d51 ga!rs 8 myrrh & spice1 eats 8 honey & dr9ks 8 w9e & milk1 & calls on 8 fri5ds to fea/ & dr9k ) him4#df ,?is seems to po9t to ! m>riage ( ! c\ple & _! w$d+ fea/2 a view ( ! passage :i* int]pret]s :o reg>d ,solomon z ! lov] ?r\gh\t = ! mo/ "p take1 b "o :i* has ?is fatal objection1 t x leaves ! second half ( ! poem )\t a motive4 ,on ! hypo!sis ( ! %eph]d lov] x is /ill m difficult to suppose ! w$d+ to h occurr$ at ! po9t we h n[ rea*$1 = ! di/raction ( ! royal c\rt%ip /ill proce$s 9 subsequ5t passages ( ! poem4 ,x w\ld seem1 !n1 t we mu/ reg>d ?is z q an ideal sc5e4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be tak5 z a rem9isc5ce ( an e>li] passage 9 ! lives ( ! two lov]s4 ,x is n impossible t x ref]s to _! w$d+1 & t !y _h be5 m>ri$ be=e ! action ( ! :ole /ory began4 ,9 t case we %\ld h to suppose t ,solomon's (fic]s _h c>ri$ (f a "y bride to ! royal h>em4 ,! int5sity ( ! love & ! bitt]ness ( ! sep>ation app>5t ?r\gh\t ! poem w\ld be ! m intelligible if ?is 7 ! situation4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t ,%akespe>e ascribes ! climax ( ! love & grief ( ,romeo & ,juliet to a "t aft] _! m>riage4 ,b ! difficulty ( accept+ ?is view lies 9 ! improbability t s outrage\s a crime w\ld be attribut$ to ,solomon1 al?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t ! guilty conduct ( 8 fa!r & "m _h gone a long way 9 sett+ an example = ! violation ( ! m>riage tie4 ,9 deal+ ) vague & dreamy poetry su* z t ( ! ,song ( ,solomon1 x is n possible to det]m9e a po9t l ?is ) precision2 nor is x necess>y to d s4 ,! beauty & =ce ( ! passage n[ be=e u c5tre 9 ! p]fect mutual love ( ! two "y he>ts t "h %[ !mselves to be knit toge!r z "o1 :e!r already actually m>ri$ or n yet ?us ext]nally unit$4 #df v4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,love ,,unqu5*able ,,*apt] v4 #a-viii ,we h se5 h[ ?is /range poem m+les fact & fancy1 memory & rev]ie1 9 :at w\ld be hopeless confusion if we c\ld n detect a common prevail+ s5tim5t & "o aim t[>ds :i* ! :ole is t5d+1 ) all its rapidly %ift+ sc5es & all its p]plex+ly v>y+ movem5ts4 ,! middle ( ! poem atta9s a p]fect climax ( love & rapture4 ,!n we are sudd5ly transport$ to an entirely diff]5t sc5e4 ,! ,%ulammite recites a second dream1 :i* some:at resembles h] =m] dream1 b is m vivid & int5se1 & ends v pa9fully4#dg ,! circum/ances ( x w agree mo/ readily ) ! idea t %e is already m>ri$ to ! %eph]d4 ,aga9 x is a dream ( ! loss ( h] lov]1 & ( h] se>* = him by night 9 ! /reets ( ,j]usalem4 ,b 9 ! pres5t case he 0 fir/ close to h]1 & !n he des]t$ h] mo/ unacc\ntably2 & :5 %e w5t to look = him ?is "t %e fail$ to f9d him1 & met ) cruel ill-treatm5t4 ,9 h] dream %e fancies %e he>s ! bridegroom knock+ at h] *amb] door & call+ ^u h] z 8 si/]1 8 love1 8 dove1 8 undefil$1 to op5 to him4 ,he has j return$ f t5d+ 8 flock 9 ! night1 & 8 hair is wet ) ! dew4 ,! bride coyly excuses h]self1 on ! plea t %e has laid aside h] mantle & wa%$ h] feet2 z ?\gh x w\ld vex h] to put h] feet to ! gr\nd aga94 ,?is is b ! playful reluctance ( love2 = no soon] is h] belov$ really lo/ ?an %e und]takes ! greate/ tr\ble 9 ! se>* = him4 ,:5 he puts 9 8 h& to lift ! lat*1 h] he>t is mov$ t[>ds him1 & %e rises to op5 ! door4 ,on t\*+ ! lock %e f9ds x cov]$ ) liquid myrrh4 ,x has be5 +5i\sly sugge/$ t we h "h a ref]5ce to ! con/ruction ( an ea/]n lock1 ) a wood5 p9 dropp$ into ! bolt1 :i* is int5d$ to be lift$ by a key1 b :i* may be rais$ by a man's f+] if he is provid$ ) "s viscid sub/ance1 su* z ! o9tm5t "h m5tion$1 to adh]e to ! p94 ,! little detail %ews t ! lov] or bridegroom _h come ) ! delib]ate int5tion ( ent]+4 ,h[ /range1 !n1 t :5 ! bride op5s ! door he is n to be se56 ,:y has he fl$8 ,! %ock ( ?is surprise q ov]:elms ! poor girl1 & %e is on ! po9t ( fa9t+4 ,%e looks ab\t = h] vani%$ lov]1 & calls him by "n2 b !re is no answ]4 ,%e goes out to seek = him 9 ! /reets1 & !re ! wat*m5 cuff & bruise h]1 & ! s5try on ! city walls rudely te> (f h] veil4 #dg v4 #b-g4 ,return+ f ! di/ress+ recollection ( h] dream to ! pres5t condition ( affairs1 ! sorr[ful ,%ulammite adjures ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem to tell h] if !y h f\nd h] love4#dh ,!y respond by ask+1 :at is h] belov$ m ?an any o!r belov$8#di ,?is mock+ "q ( ! h>em wom5 r\ses ! ,%ulammite1 & af=ds an opportunity = descant+ on ! beauty ( h] love4#ej ,he is bo? fair & ruddy1 ! *iefe/ among t5 ?\s&4 ,= ?is is :at he is l3 a head spl5did z f9e/ gold2 massive1 curl+1 rav5 locks2 eyes l doves by wat] brooks1 & look+ z ?\gh !y _h be5 wa%$ 9 milk--an elaborate image 9 :i* ! s(t iris & ! sp>kl+ light on ! pupils sugge/ ! picture ( ! g5tle birds brood+ on ! bank ( a fla%+ /ream1 & ! pure1 heal?y eyeballs a ?\ght ( ! :it5ess ( milk2 *eeks fragrant z spices2 lips r$ z lilies 7! blood-r$ anemones72 a body l ivory1 ) blue ve9s z ( sapphire2 legs l m>ble columns on gold5 bases4 ,! aspect ( him is l great ,lebanon1 spl5did z ! f>-fam$ c$>s2 & :5 he op5s 8 lips 8 voice is ravi%+ly sweet4 ,yes1 he is altoge!r lovely4 ,su* is h] belov$1 h] de>e/ "o4 #dh v4 #h4 #di v4 #i4 #ej v4 #aj-af4 ,! mock+ ladies ask _! victim :]e !n has ?is p>agon gone8#ea ,%e w\ld h !m und]/& t he has n be5 s cruel z really to des]t h]4 ,x 0 only 9 h] dream t he treat$ h] ) su* unacc\ntable fickl5ess4 ,! pla9 fact is t he is away at 8 "w on 8 f>-(f f>m1 fe$+ 8 flock1 & p]haps ga!r+ a posy ( fl[]s = 8 bride4#eb ,he is f> away1--t sad tru? _c be d5i$2 & yet he is n really lo/1 = love laughs at "t & di/ance2 ! poor lonely girl c say /ill t %e is h] belov$'s & t he is h]s4#ec ,! reappe>ance ( ?is phrase sugge/s t x is int5d$ to s]ve z a sort ( refra94 ,?us x comes 9 ) admirable fitness to balance ! o!r refra9 to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made e>li]4#ed ,9 ! fir/ refra9 ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem are bes\ght n to attempt to awak5 ! ,%ulammite's love = ,solomon2 ?is is well balanc$ by ! refra9 9 :i* %e decl>es ! con/ancy ( ! mutual love t exi/s betwe5 h]self & ! %eph]d4 #ea vi4 #a4 #eb vi4 #b4 #ec vi4 #c4 #ed ,page #bj4 ,n[ ,solomon reappe>s on ! sc5e1 & resumes 8 laudation ( ! ,%ulammite's beauty4#ee ,b !re is a m>k$ *ange 9 8 mann]4 ,?is mo/ rec5t capture is q unlike ! sort ( girls ) :om 8 h>em 0 /ock$ f "t to "t4 ,he _h no rev]5ce = any ( !m2 !y all consid]$ !mselves to be highly hon\r$ by 8 fav\r1 all ador$ him ) slavi% admiration1 l t express$ by "o ( !m 9 ! fir/ l9e ( ! poem4 ,b he is positively afraid ( ! ,%ulammite4 ,%e is t]rible z an army ) bann]s4 ,he _c be> to look at h] eyes2 he begs h] to turn !m away f him1 = !y h ov]come him4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is new attitude on ! "p ( ! mighty mon>*8 ,!re is some?+ awful 9 ! simple peasant girl4 ,! purity1 ! con/ancy1 ! cold scorn ) :i* %e reg>ds ! k+1 are z humiliat+ z !y are novel 9 8 exp]i5ce4 ,yet x is well = him t he is susceptible to _! influ5ce4 ,he is greatly injur$ & corrupt$ by ! mann]s ( a luxuri\s ori5tal c\rt4 ,b he is n a se>$ pr(ligate4 ,! vision ( goodness />tles him2 !n !re is a bett] nature 9 him1 & its slumb]+ p[]s are p>tly r\s$ by ?is unexpect$ app>ition4 #ee vi4 #d-g4 ,we h n[ rea*$ a v important po9t 9 ! poem4 ,x is almo/ impossible to reconcile ?is ) ! !ory t ,solomon is ! "o & only lov] ref]r$ to ?r\gh\t4 ,b on ! %eph]d hypo!sis ! position is mo/ significant4 ,! value ( con/ancy 9 love is n only se5 9 ! /eadfa/ "* ( "o :o is sorely tempt$ to yield to o!r influ5ces2 x is also app>5t 9 ! effects on a spectator ( s uncong5ial a nature z k+ ,solomon4 ,?us ! poet br+s out ! great idea ( 8 "w mo/ vividly4 ,he c\ld n h done s m =cibly ?an by *oos+ ! c\rt ( ,solomon = ! sc5e ( ! trial1 & %ew+ ! />tl+ effect ( ! noble virtue ( con/ancy on ! k+ himself4 ,"h we are face to face ) "o ( ! rescu+ influ5ces ( life1 :i* may be met 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,a true woman1 an innoc5t *ild1 a pure man1 com+ across ! pa? ( "o :o has p]mitt$ himself to slide d[n t[>ds murky dep?s1 arre/s 8 att5tion ) a pa9ful %ock ( surprise4 ,! result is a revelation to him1 9 ! light ( :i* he discov]s1 to 8 horror1 h[ f> he has fall54 ,x is a sort ( inc>nate consci5ce w>n+ him ( ! /ill l[] degradation t[>ds :i* he is s9k+4 ,p]haps x /rikes him z a beacon light1 %ew+ ! pa? up to purity & peace2 an angel f heav5 s5t to help him retrace 8 /eps & return to 8 bett] self4 ,few m5 are s ab&on$ z nev] to be visit$ by "s su* gleam f high] regions4 ,to _m1 alas1 x comes b z ! tempor>y rift 9 ! cl\ds ?r\gh :i* = "o brief mom5t ! blue sky becomes visible ev5 on a wild & /ormy day1 soon to be lo/ 9 deep] d>kness4 ,happy are !y :o obey its unexpect$ message4 ,! conclud+ words ( ! passage :i* op5s ) ,solomon's praises ( ! ,%ulammite pres5t ano!r ( ! _m difficulties ) :i* ! poem ab\nds4 ,m5tion is made ( ,solomon's sixty que5s1 8 eighty concub9es1 8 maid5s )\t numb]2 & !n ! ,%ulammite is contra/$ ) ?is va/ s]aglio z ,my dove1 my undefil$1 :o is b "o--! only "o ( h] "m4#ef ,:o is speak+ "h8 ,if ?is is a cont9uation ( ,solomon's spee*1 z ! fl[ ( ! v]ses w\ld sugge/1 x mu/ mean t ! k+ w\ld set 8 newe/ acquisition q ap>t f all ! ladies ( ! h>em1 z 8 *oice & treasur$ bride4 ,^? :o reg>d ,solomon z ! lov]1 ?9k !y see "h :at !y call 8 conv]sion1 t is to say1 8 turn+ away f polygamy to monogamy4 ,hi/ory kn[s ( no su* conv]sion2 & x is h>dly likely t a poet ( ! nor!rn k+dom w\ld g out ( 8 way to :itewa% ! matrimonial reputation ( a sov]eign f :om ! h\se ( ,judah 0 desc5d$4 ,besides1 ! occurr5ce "h repres5t$ be>s a v dubi\s "* :5 we consid] t all ! exi/+ d5iz5s ( ! h>em 7 to be put aside 9 fav\r ( a new beauty4 ,x w\ld h be5 m l a g5u9e conv]sion if ,solomon _h gone back to ! love ( 8 y\?1 & conf9$ 8 affections to 8 neglect$ fir/ wife4 #ef vi4 #h1 #i4 ,on ! %eph]d hypo!sis x is mo/ natural to attribute ! passage to ! %eph]d himself4 ,b s9ce x is difficult to imag9e him pres5t at ?is sc5e betwe5 ,solomon & ! ,%ulammite1 x seems t we mu/ fall back on ! idealis+ "* ( ! poem4 ,9 ?is figurative way ! true lov] expresses 8 contempt = ! mon/r\s h>em at ! palace4 ,he is cont5t ) 8 "o ewe lamb2 nay1 %e is m to him ?an all ,solomon's bevy ( beauties2 ev5 ^! ladies ( ! c\rt are n[ con/ra9$ to praise ! noble qualities ( 8 bride4 ,solomon's expression ( awe = ! t]rible purity & con/ancy ( ! ,%ulammite is repeat$1#eg & !n %e tells ! /ory ( h] capture4#eh ,%e _h gone d[n to ! nut g>d5 to look at ! fre% gre5 on ! plants1 & to see :e!r ! v9es 7 budd+ & ! pomegranates putt+ =? _! lovely sc>let blossoms1 :5 sudd5ly1 & all unaw>es1 %e 0 p\nc$ ^u by ! k+'s p & :isk$ away 9 "o ( 8 *>iots4 ,x is a vivid sc5e1 &1 l o!r sc5es 9 ?is poem1 ! backgr\nd ( x is ! lovely aspect ( nature 9 e>ly spr+4 #eg vi4 #aj4 #eh ,v]s4 #aa1 #ab4 ,! ,%ulammite n[ seems to be attempt+ a retreat1 & ! ladies ( ! c\rt bid h] return2 !y w\ld see ! p]=mance ( a fav\rite dance1 kn[n z ,! ,dance ( ,mahanaim4#ei ,!reupon we h a description ( ! p]=m]1 z %e 0 se5 dur+ ! convolutions ( ! dance1 dress$ 9 a transp>5t g>m5t ( r$ gauze1--p]haps su* z is repres5t$ 9 ,pompeian frescoes1--s t h] p]son c\ld be comp>$ to pale :eat surr\nd$ by crimson anemones4#fj ,x is q aga9/ ! t5or ( h] conduct to suppose t ! mode/ c\ntry girl w\ld degrade h]self by m9i/]+ to ! amusem5t ( a corrupt c\rt 9 ?is %ameless mann]4 ,x is m reasonable to conclude t ! ent]ta9m5t 0 giv5 by a pr(essional danc] f among ! wom5 ( ! h>em4 ,we h a h9t t ?is is ! case 9 ! title appli$ to ! p]=m]1 9 address+ :om ,solomon exclaims1 ,o pr9ce's daught]1#fa an expression nev] us$ = ! poor ,%ulammite1 & "o f :i* we %\ld ga!r t %e 0 a captive pr9cess :o _h be5 tra9$ z a c\rt danc]4 ,! glimpse ( ! mann]s ( ! palace helps to /r5g!n ! contra/ ( ! innoc5t1 simple c\ntry life 9 :i* ! ,%ulammite delights4 #ei vi4 #ac4 ,?is is obscur$ 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion4 #fj vii4 #a-i4 #fa vii #a4 ,x has be5 sugge/$1 ) "s degree ( probability1 t ! ,%ulammite is suppos$ to make h] escape :ile ! att5tion ( ! k+ & 8 c\rt is div]t$ by ?is entranc+ spectacle4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 at all ev5ts1 t f ?is po9t onw>ds to ! end ( ! poem1 nei!r ,solomon nor ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem take any "p 9 ! dialogue1 :ile ! sc5e appe>s to be %ift$ to ! ,%ulammite's home 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e %e & ! %eph]d are n[ se5 toge!r 9 happy companion%ip4 ,! bridegroom has come to fet* 8 bride4 ,aga9 %e owns t %e is 81 & delights 9 ! glad ?\ght t 8 he>t goes out to h]4#fb ,%e bids him come ) h] into ! field1 & lodge 9 ! villages4 ,!y w get !m e>ly into ! v9ey>ds & see :e!r ! v9es are bloom+1 & :e!r ! pomegranates are 9 blossom4#fc ,x is /ill e>ly spr+4 ,x 0 e>ly spr+ :5 %e 0 snat*$ away4 ,unless %e _h be5 a :ole ye> at ! palace1--an impossible situation ) ! k+ cont9u+ 8 ineffectual c\rt%ip = s long a "t1--we h no movem5t ( "t4 ,b ! s]ies ( ev5ts f ! day :5 ! ,%ulammite 0 seiz$ 9 h] nut g>d51 till %e f\nd h]self back aga9 9 h] home 9 ! nor? c\ntry1 aft] ! try+ episode ( h] tempor>y resid5ce 9 ! royal palace1 mu/ h occupi$ "s weeks4 ,& yet ! conclusion ( ! /ory is set 9 precisely ! same /age ( spr+1 ! "t :5 p look = ! fir/ buds & blossoms1 z ! op5+ sc5es4 ,x has be5 propos$ to conf9e ! :ole action to ! nor!rn di/rict1 :]e ,solomon might h _h a c\ntry h\se adjo9+ 8 v9ey>d4#fd ,! pres5ce ( ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 & allusions to ! /reets ( ! city1 its wat*m51 & ! gu>d ^u ! walls1 are aga9/ ?is notion4 ,x is bett] to conclude t we h "h ano!r in/ance ( ! idealism ( ! poem4 ,s9ce e>ly spr+ is ! season t h>monises mo/ p]fectly ) ! _s ( ! :ole "w1 ! au?or does n tr\ble himself ) adapt+ its sc5es 9 a reali/ic mann] to ! rapidly *ang+ aspects ( nature4 #fb vii4 #aj4 #fc vii4 #aa-ac4 #fd viii4 #aa4 ,! %eph]d has address$ ! ,%ulammite z 8 si/]2#fe %e n[ reciprocates ! title by express+ h] long+ t he _h be5 z h] bro!r4#ff ,?is s+ul> mode ( c\rt%ip betwe5 two lov]s :o are s passionately devot$ to "o ano!r t we might call !m ! ,hebrew ,romeo & ,juliet1 is n )\t significance4 ,its recurr5ce1 n[ on ! lips ( ! bride1 helps to %>p5 /ill m ! contra/ betwe5 :at passes = love 9 ! royal h>em1 & ! true emotion exp]i5c$ by a pair ( innoc5t "y p1 unsulli$ by ! corruptions ( ! c\rt--illu/rat+1 z x does at once1 its sweet intimacy & its p]fect purity4 #fe viii4 #a4 #ff viii4 #a4 ,! pr\d bride w\ld n[ lead h] swa9 to h] "m's h\se4#fg ,!re is no m5tion ( h] fa!r2 app>5tly he is n liv+4 ,b ! fond way 9 :i* ?is simple girl speaks ( h] "m reveals ano!r lovely trait 9 h] "*4 ,%e has witness$ ! we>isome magnific5ce ( ,solomon's palace4 ,x 0 impossible to associate ! idea ( home ) su* a place4 ,we nev] he> ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 ^? poor degrad$ wom5 ( ! h>em1 speak+ ( _! mo!rs4 ,b to ! ,%ulammite no spot on e>? is s de> z h] "m's cottage4 ,!re h] lov] %all h spic$ w9e & pomegranate juice--simple home-made c\ntry bev]ages4#fh ,repeat+ "o ( ! e>ly refra9s ( ! poem1 ! happy bride is n afraid to say t !re too h] husb& %all support h] 9 8 /rong embrace4#fi ,%e !n repeats ano!r refra91 & = ! la/ "t--surely "o w\ld say n[1 q sup]flu\sly--%e adjures ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem n to awak5 any love = ,solomon 9 h]1 b to leave love to its spontane\s c\rse4#gj #fg viii4 #b4 #fh viii4 #b4 #fi viii4 #c4 #gj viii4 #d4 ,n[ ! bridegroom is se5 com+ up f ! wild]ness ) 8 bride lean+ ^u him1 & tell+ h[ he fir/ made love to h] :5 he f\nd h] asleep "u an apple tree 9 ! g>d5 ( ! cottage :]e %e 0 born4#ga ,z !y conv]se toge!r we rea* ! ri*e/ gem ( ! poem1 ! ,%ulammite's impassion$ eulogy ( love4#gb ,%e bids h] husb& set h] z a seal ^u 8 he>t 9 ! inn] sanctu>y ( 8 be+1 & z a seal ^u 8 arm--always own+ h]1 always true to h] 9 ! out] _w4 ,%e is to be 8 closely1 8 op5ly1 8 = ev]4 ,%e has prov$ h] con/ancy to him2 n[ %e claims 8 con/ancy to h]4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is claim re/s on ! v nature ( love4 ,! "o ess5tial *>act]i/ic "h dwelt ^u is /r5g?--,love is /rong z dea?4 ,:o c resi/ grim dea?8 :o escape its iron clut*es8 ,:o c resi/ mighty love1 or evade its p[]8 ,! illu/ration is />tl+ 9 ! app>5t incompatibility ( ! two ?+s drawn toge!r = comp>ison4 ,b x is a /]n & t]rible aspect ( love to :i* our att5tion is n[ direct$4 ,?is is app>5t z ! ,%ulammite proce$s to speak ( jeal\sy :i* is h>d z ! grave4 ,if love is treat$ falsely1 x c fla% out 9 a flame ( wra? t5 times m furi\s ?an ! rag+ ( hatr$--a mo/ vehem5t flame ( ! ,"l4 ,?is is ! only place 9 :i* ! "n ( ,god appe>s ?r\gh\t ! :ole poem4 ,x may be said t ev5 "h x only comes 9 accord+ to a famili> ,hebrew idiom1 z metaphor = :at is v great4 ,b ! ,%ulammite has good reason = claim+ ,god to be on h] side 9 ! protection ( h] love f cruel wrong & outrage4 ,love z %e kn[s x is bo? unqu5*able & unpur*asable4 ,%e has te/$ & prov$ ^! two attributes 9 h] own exp]i5ce4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,solomon e ef=t 0 made to de/roy h] love = ! %eph]d1 & all possible means 7 employ$ = buy+ h] love = ! k+4 ,bo? utt]ly fail$4 ,all ! floods ( scorn :i* ! h>em ladies p\r$ ov] h] love = ! c\ntry lad c\ld n qu5* x2 all ! weal? ( a k+dom c\ld n buy x = ,solomon4 ,:]e true love exi/s1 no opposition c de/roy x2 :]e x is n1 no money c pur*ase x4 ,z = ! second idea--! pur*as+ ( love--! ,%ulammite fl+s x away ) ! utmo/ contempt4 ,yet ?is 0 ! too common means employ$ by a k+ su* z ,solomon = repl5i%+ ! /ock ( 8 h>em4 ,!n ! mon>* 0 only pursu+ a %ad[2 he 0 b play+ at love-mak+2 he 0 absolutely ignorant ( ! reality4 #ga viii4 #e4 #gb viii4 #f1 #g4 ,! vig\r1 "o might say ! rig\r1 ( ?is passage di/+ui%es x f ne>ly all o!r poetry devot$ to ! praises ( love4 ,t poetry is usually s(t & t5d]2 sometimes x is feeble & sug>y4 ,& yet x mu/ be rememb]$ t ev5 ! classical ,aphrodite c\ld be t]ribly angry4 ,!re is no?+ morbid or s5tim5tal 9 ! ,%ulammite's ideas4 ,%e has discov]$ & prov$ by exp]i5ce t love is a mighty =ce1 capable ( h]oic endurance1 & able1 :5 wrong$1 to av5ge itself ) s]i\s effect4 ,t[>ds ! conclusion ( ! poem fre% speak]s appe> 9 ! p]sons ( ! ,%ulammite's bro!rs1 :o def5d !mselves f ! *>ge ( neglig5ce 9 hav+ p]mitt$ _! little si/] to be snat*$ away f _! keep+1 expla9+ h[ !y h done _! be/ to gu>d h]4 ,or p]haps !y mean t !y w be m c>eful 9 protect+ a y\ng] si/]4 ,!y w build battlem5ts ab\t h]4 ,! ,%ulammite takes up ! metaphor4 ,%e is safe n[1 z a wall well embattl$2 at la/ %e has f\nd peace 9 ! love ( h] husb&4 ,solomon may h a v9ey>d 9 h] neighb\rhood1 & draw great weal? f x ) :i* to buy ! w>es 9 :i* he delights4#gc ,x is no?+ to h]4 ,%e has h] own v9ey>d4 ,?is ref]5ce to ! ,%ulammite's v9ey>d recalls ! m5tion ( x at ! beg9n+ ( ! poem1 & sugge/s ! idea t 9 bo? cases ! image repres5ts ! %eph]d lov]4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance %e _h n kept h] v9ey>d1#gd = %e _h lo/ h] lov]4 ,n[ %e has him1 & %e is satisfi$4#ge ,he calls to h] 9 ! g>d51 long+ to he> h] voice !re1#gf & %e replies1 bidd+ him ha/5 & come to h] z %e has describ$ him com+ be=e1-- ,l to a roe or a "y h>t ,^u ! m\nta9s ( spices4#gg #gc viii4 #aa4 #gd i4 #f4 #ge viii4 #ab4 #gf viii4 #ac4 #gg viii4 #ad4 ,& s ! poem s9ks to re/ 9 ! happy picture ( ! union ( ! two "y lov]s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,my/ical ,,int]pretations ,?us f> we h be5 consid]+ ! b>e1 lit]al s5se ( ! text4 ,x _c be d5i$ t1 if only to lead up to ! metaphorical significance ( ! words employ$1 ^? words mu/ be approa*$ ?r\gh _! prim>y physical mean+s4 ,?is is ess5tial ev5 to ! und]/&+ ( pure allegory su* z t ( ,! ,fa]ie ,que5 & ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress2 we mu/ und]/& ! adv5tures ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,knight & ! c\rse ( ,*ri/ian's j\rney be=e we c le>n ! moral ( ,sp5s]'s & ,bunyan's elaborate allegories4 ,simil>ly x is absolutely necess>y = u to h "s idea ( ! movem5t ( ! ,song ( ,solomon z a piece ( lit]ature1 9 its ext]nal =m1 ev5 if we are p]suad$ t b5ea? ?is s5su\s ext]ior x conta9s ! mo/ pr(\nd ideas1 be=e we c discov] any su* ideas4 ,9 o!r words1 if x is to be consid]$ z a mass ( symbolism ! symbols mu/ be und]/ood 9 !mselves be=e _! significance c be drawn out ( !m4 ,b n[ we are confront$ ) ! "q :e!r ! book has any o!r mean+ ?an t :i* meets ! eye4 ,! answ]s to ?is "q are giv5 on ?ree di/9ct l9es3--,fir/1 we h ! allegorical s*emes ( int]pretation1 accord+ to :i* ! poem is n to be tak5 lit]ally at all1 b is to be reg>d$ z a purely metaphorical repres5tation ( national or ,*ur* hi/ory1 philosophical ideas1 or spiritual exp]i5ces4 ,9 ! second place1 we meet ) v>i\s =ms ( d\ble int]pretation1 describ$ z typical or my/ical1 9 :i* a prim>y mean+ is all[$ to ! book z a sort ( drama or idyl1 or z a collection ( ,jewi% love-songs1 :ile a second>y signification ( an ideal or spiritual "* is add$4 ,di/9ct z ^! l9es ( int]pretation are 9 !mselves1 !y t5d to bl5d 9 practice1 because ev5 :5 two mean+s are admitt$ ! symbolical signification is consid]$ to be ( s mu* great] importance ?an ! lit]al t x virtually occupies ! :ole field4 ,9 ! ?ird place !re is ! purely lit]al int]pretation1 t :i* d5ies ! exi/5ce ( any symbolical or my/ical int5tion 9 ! poem4 ,allegorical int]pretations ( ! ,song ( ,solomon are f\nd among ! ,jews e>ly 9 ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! ,aramaic ,t>gum1 probably orig9at+ ab\t ! six? c5tury ,a4,d41 takes ! fir/ half ( ! poem z a symbolical picture ( ! hi/ory ( ,israel previ\s to ! captivity1 & ! second z a prophetic picture ( ! subsequ5t =tunes ( ! nation4 ,! recurr5ce ( ! expression ! congregation ( ,israel 9 ?is p>aphrase :]ev] ! ,%ulammite appe>s1 & o!r simil> adaptations1 entirely de/roy ! f9e poetic flav\r ( ! "w1 & conv]t x into a dre>y1 dry-z-du/ composition4 ,symbolical int]pretations 7 v popul> among ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs--?\gh n ) univ]sal approval1 z ! prote/ ( ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia te/ifies4 ,! great ,alex&rian ,orig5 is ! f\nd] & patron ( ?is me?od ( int]pret+ ! ,song ( ,solomon 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,j]ome 0 ( op9ion t ,orig5 surpass$ himself 9 8 comm5t>y on ! poem--a comm5t>y to :i* he devot$ t5 volumes4 ,accord+ to 8 view1 x 0 orig9ally an epi?alamium celebrat+ ! m>riage ( ,solomon ) ,ph>aoh's daught]2 b x has second>y my/ical mean+s descriptive ( ! relation ( ! ,r$eem] to ! ,*ur* or ! individual s\l4 ,?us ! little foxes t spoil ! grapes are evil ?\ghts 9 ! individual1 or h]etics 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,gregory ! ,great contributes a comm5t>y ( no la/+ int]e/4 ,v diff]5t is ! "w ( ! great m$ival monk ,/4 ,b]n>d ( ,clairvaux1 :o ?rew himself into x ) all ! passion & rapture ( 8 en?usia/ic s\l1 & 9 ! c\rse ( eighty-six homilies only rea*$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird *apt] 9 ?is to him inexhau/ible m9e ( spiritual weal?1 :5 he di$1 h&+ on ! task to 8 fai?ful disciple ,gilb]t ,porretanus1 :o cont9u$ x on ! same port5t\s scale1 & also di$ be=e he _h f9i%$ ! fif? *apt]4 ,ev5 :ile read+ ! old monki% ,lat9 9 ?is late age we _c fail to feel ! gl[+ devotion t inspires x4 ,b]n>d is address+ 8 monks1 to :om he says he ne$ n give ! milk = babes1 & :om he exhorts to prep>e _! ?roats n = ?is milk b = bread4 ,z a s*oolman he _c escape f metaphysical subtleties--he takes ! kiss ( ! bridegroom z a symbol ( ! inc>nation4 ,b ?r\gh\t !re burns ! p]fect rapture ( love to ,jesus ,*ri/ :i* inspires 8 well-kn[n hymns4 ,"h we are at ! secret ( ! extraord9>y popul>ity ( my/ical int]pretations ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,x has seem$ to _m 9 all ages ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to af=d ! be/ expression = ! deepe/ spiritual relations ( ,*ri/ & ,8 p4 ,nev]!less1 ! my/ical me?od has be5 widely disput$ s9ce ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,lu!r compla9s ( ! _m wild & mon/r\s int]pretations t are atta*$ to ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ?\gh ev5 he und]/&s x z symbolical ( ,solomon & 8 /ate4 ,/ill1 n a few ( ! mo/ popul> hymns ( our own day are saturat$ ) ideas & phrases ga!r$ f ?is book1 & fre% expositions ( :at are consid]$ to be its spiritual lessons may /ill be met )4 ,x is n easy to discov] any ju/ification = ! rabb9ical explanation ( ! ,song ( ,solomon z a repres5tation ( successive ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 an explanation :i* ,jewi% s*ol>s h ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( simple lit]alism4 ,b ! my/ical view1 accord+ to :i* ! poem sets =? spiritual ideas1 has pleas urg$ 9 its fav\r t dem& "s consid]ation4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! analogy ( ,ori5tal lit]ature1 :i* delights 9 p>able to an ext5t unkn[n 9 ! ,we/4 ,works ( a k9dr$ nature are produc$ 9 :i* an allegorical signification is pla9ly int5d$4 ,?us ! ,h9doo ,gilagov9da celebrates ! loves ( ,*ri%na & ,radha 9 v]ses t be> a rem>kable resemblance to ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,arabian poets s+ ( ! love ( ,joseph = ,zuleikha1 :i* my/ics take z ! love ( ,god t[>ds ! s\l t longs = union ) ,him4 ,!re is a ,turki% my/ical comm5t>y on ! ,song ( ,hafiz4 ,! bible itself furni%es u ) sugge/ive analogies4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,old ,te/am5t ! idea ( a m>riage union betwe5 ,god & ,8 p occurs repeat$ly1 & ! mo/ frequ5t metaphor = religi\s apo/asy is drawn f ! crime ( adult]y4#gh ,?is symbolism is especially prom95t 9 ! writ+s ( ,j]emiah#gi & ,hosea4#hj ,! =ty-fif? psalm is an epi?alamium commonly read ) a ,messianic signification4 ,john ! ,bapti/ describes ! com+ ,messiah z ! ,bridegroom1#ha & ,jesus ,*ri/ accepts ! title = ,himself4#hb ,our ,"l illu/rates ! bless$ness ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 9 a p>able ( a w$d+ fea/4#hc ,) ,/4 ,paul ! union ( husb& & wife is an e>?ly copy ( ! union ( ,*ri/ & 8 ,*ur*4#hd ,! m>riage ( ! ,lamb is a prom95t feature 9 ! ,book ( ! ,revelation4#he #gh ,e4g4 ,exod4 xxxiv4 #ae1 #af2 ,numb4 xv4 #ci2 ,psalm lxxiii4 #bg2 ,ezek4 xvi4 #bc1 etc4 #gi ,e4g4 ,j]4 iii4 #a-aa4 #hj ,hosea ii4 #b42 iii4 #c4 #ha ,john iii4 #bi4 #hb ,m>k4 ii4 #ai4 #hc ,matt4 xxii4 #a-ad4 #hd ,eph4 v4 #bb-cc4 #he ,rev4 xxi4 #i4 ,fur!r1 x may be ma9ta9$ t ! exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ians has demon/rat$ ! aptness ( ! expression ( ! deepe/ spiritual tru?s 9 ! imag]y ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,sad he>ts disappo9t$ 9 _! e>?ly hopes h f\nd 9 ! religi\s read+ ( ?is poem z a picture ( _! relation to _! ,savi\r ! satisfaction = :i* !y h hung]$1 & :i* ! _w c\ld nev] give !m4 ,dev\t ,*ri/ians h read 9 x ! v e*o ( _! own emotions4 ,samuel ,ru!r=d's ,lett]s1 = example1 are 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! religi\s int]pretation ( ! ,song ( ,solomon2 & ^! lett]s /& 9 ! fir/ rank ( devotional works4 ,!re is c]ta9ly "s =ce 9 ! argum5t t a key :i* seems to fit ! lock s well mu/ h be5 design$ to d s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! objections to a my/ical1 religi\s int]pretation are v /rong4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we c q acc\nt = its appe>ance ap>t f any ju/ification ( x 9 ! orig9al int5tion ( ! au?or4 ,allegory 0 9 ! air at ! "t :51 z f> z we "k1 second>y mean+s 7 fir/ atta*$ to ! ideas ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,!y sprang f ,alex&ria1 ! home ( allegory4 ,orig51 :o 0 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian writ] to "w out a my/ical explanation ( ?is book1 treat$ o!r books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 exactly ! same way2 b we nev] dream ( foll[+ him 9 8 fanta/ical int]pretations ( ^? works4 ,!re is no indication t ! poem 0 und]/ood allegorically or my/ically z e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,philo is ! pr9ce ( allegori/s2 b :ile he expla9s ! n>ratives ( ! ,p5tateu* accord+ to 8 fav\rite me?od1 he nev] applies t me?od to ?is v tempt+ book1 & nev] ev5 m5tions ! "w or makes any ref]5ce to its cont5ts4 ,! ,song ( ,solomon is n once m5tion$ or ev5 allud$ to 9 ! slighte/ way by any writ] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,s9ce x is nev] notic$ by ,*ri/ or ! ,apo/les1 ( c\rse we _c appeal to _! au?ority = read+ x my/ically2 & yet x 0 und\bt$ly kn[n to !m z "o ( ! books 9 ! canon ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures to :i* !y 7 9 ! habit ( appeal+ repeat$ly4 ,consid] ! grave significance ( ?is fact4 ,all second>y int]pretations ( :i* we "k any?+1 &1 z f> z we c tell1 all t ev] exi/$1 _h _! orig9 9 po/-apo/olic times4 ,if we w\ld ju/ify ?is me?od by au?ority x is to ! ,fa!rs t we mu/ g1 n to ,*ri/ & or 8 apo/les1 n to ! sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,x is a notewor?y fact1 too1 t ! ^w ,eros1 ! ,greek "n = ! love ( man & woman1 z di/+ui%$ f ,agape1 :i* /&s = love 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! ^w1 is fir/ appli$ to our ,"l by ,ignatius4 ,"h we h ! fa9t beg9n+ ( ! /ream ( erotic religi\s fancies :i* sometimes manife/s itself mo/ objectionably 9 subsequ5t ,*ur* hi/ory4 ,!re is n a trace ( x 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if ! *oice spiritual ideas :i* "s p ?9k !y see 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon are n import$ by ! read]1 b =m "p ( ! g5u9e cont5ts ( ! book1 h[ comes x t ?is fact 0 n recognis$ by "o ( ! inspir$ writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 or1 if privately recognis$1 t x 0 nev] utilis$8 ,9 ! h&s ( ! my/ical int]pret] ?is "w is ab\t ! mo/ valuable "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,he f9ds x to be an inexhau/ible m9e ( ! mo/ preci\s treasures4 ,:y1 !n1 0 su* a remun]ative lode nev] work$ by ! fir/ au?orities 9 ,*ri/ian tea*+8 ,x may be repli$ t we cannon prove mu* f a b>e negative4 ,! apo/les may h _h _! own p]fectly suffici5t reasons = leav+ to ! ,*ur* ( lat] ages ! discov]y ( ?is valuable spiritual /ore4 ,possibly ! conv]ts ( _! day 7 n ripe = ! compreh5sion ( ! my/]ies "h exp\nd$4 ,be t z x may1 cle>ly ! onus prob&i re/s ) ^? p ( a lat] age :o introduce a me?od ( int]pretation = :i* no sanction c be f\nd 9 ,scripture4 ,n[ ! analogies t h be5 ref]r$ to are n suffici5t to e/abli% any pro(4 ,9 ! case ( ! o!r poems m5tion$ above !re are di/9ct indications ( symbolical int5tions4 ,?us 9 ! ,gitagov9da ! h]o is a div9ity ^: inc>nations are ackn[l$g$ 9 ,h9doo my?ology2 & ! conclud+ v]se ( t poem po9ts ! moral by a direct ass]tion ( ! religi\s mean+ ( ! :ole composition4 ,?is is n ! case ) ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,we mu/ n be misl$ by ! *apt]-head+s 9 our ,engli% ,bibles1 :i* ( c\rse are n to be f\nd 9 ! orig9al ,hebrew text4 ,f ! fir/ l9e to ! la/ !re is n ! slighte/ h9t 9 ! poem itself t x 0 int5d$ to be read 9 any my/ical s5se4 ,?is is contr>y to ! analogy ( all allegories4 ,! p>able may be difficult to int]pret1 b at all ev5ts x mu/ sugge/ t x is a p>able2 o!rwise x defeats its own object4 ,if ! writ] nev] drops any h9t t he has wrapp$ up spiritual ideas 9 ! s5su\s imag]y ( 8 poetry1 :at "r has he to expect t anybody w f9d !m !re1 s long z 8 poem admits ( a p]fectly adequate explanation 9 a lit]al s5se8 ,we ne$ n be s d5se z to require ! allegori/ to say to u 9 s _m words3 ,?is is a p>able4 ,b we may ju/ly expect him to furni% u ) "s h9t t 8 utt]ance is ( su* a "*4 sop's fables c>ry _! lessons on ! surface ( !m1 s t we c (t5 anticipate ! conclud+ morals t are atta*$ to !m4 ,:5 ,t5nyson ann\nc$ t ! ,idyls ( ! ,k+ con/itut$ an allegory mo/ p 7 tak5 by surprise2 & yet ! analogy ( ,! ,fa]ie ,que51 & ! l(ty e?ical ideas ) :i* ! poems are inspir$1 might h prep>$ u = ! revelation4 ,b we h no simil> indications 9 ! case ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,if somebody 7 to prop\nd a new !ory ( ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 :i* %\ld turn t exquisite tale into a p>able ( ! ,fall1 x w\ld n be en\gh = him to ex]cise 8 +5uity 9 po9t+ out resemblances betwe5 ! eighte5?-c5tury romance & ! anci5t n>rative ( ! s]p5t's do+s 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,s9ce he c\ld n %ew t ,goldsmi? _h ! slighte/ int5tion ( tea*+ any?+ ( ! k9d1 8 exploit c\ld be reg>d$ z no?+ b a piece ( lit]>y trifl+4 ,! ,biblical analogies already cit$1 9 :i* ! m>riage relation betwe5 ,god or ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur* or ! s\l are ref]r$ to1 w n be> ! /ra9 t is put ^u !m :5 !y are br\ght =w>d 9 ord] to ju/ify a my/ical int]pretation ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,at be/ !y simply acc\nt = ! em]g5ce ( ?is view ( ! book at a lat] "t1 or indicate t su* a notion might be ma9ta9$ if !re 7 good reasons = adopt+ x4 ,!y _c prove t 9 ! pres5t case x %\ld be adopt$4 ,moreov]1 !y diff] f x on two important po9ts4 ,fir/1 9 h>mony ) all g5u9e allegories & metaphors1 !y c>ry _! own evid5ce ( a symbolical mean+1 :i* z we h se5 ! ,song ( ,solomon fails to d4 ,second1 !y are n elaborate compositions ( a dramatic or idyllic "* 9 :i* ! passion ( love is vividly illu/rat$4 ,reg>d$ 9 its entirety1 ! ,song ( ,solomon is q )\t p>allel 9 ,scripture4 ,x may be repli$ t we _c disprove ! allegorical int5tion ( ! book4 ,b ?is is n ! "q4 ,t int5tion requires to be prov$2 & until x is prov$1 or at lea/ until "s v good reasons are urg$ = adopt+ x1 no /atem5t ( b>e possibilities c\nts = any?+4 ,b we may pu% ! case fur!r4 ,!re is a positive improbability ( ! highe/ ord] t ! spiritual ideas read into ! ,song ( ,solomon by "s ( its ,*ri/ian admir]s %\ld h be5 orig9ally !re4 ,?is w\ld involve ! mo/ trem5d\s ana*ronism 9 all lit]ature4 ,! ,song ( ,solomon is dat$ among ! e>li] works ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b ! religi\s ideas n[ associat$ ) x repres5t :at is reg>d$ z ! fruit ( ! mo/ advanc$ sa9tl9ess ev] atta9$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,"h we h a flat contradiction to ! gr[? ( revelation manife/$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( ,scripture hi/ory4 ,we might z well ascribe ! ,si/9e ,madonna to ! fresco-pa9t]s ( ! catacombs2 or1 :at is m to ! po9t1 our ,"l's disc\rse ) 8 disciples at ! pas*al meal to ,solomon or "s o!r ,jew ( 8 age4 ,no d\bt ! devot$ foll[] ( ! my/ical me?od w n be tr\bl$ by consid]ations su* z ^!4 ,to him ! suppos$ fitness ( ! poem to convey 8 religi\s ideas is ! "o suffici5t pro( ( an orig9al design t x %\ld s]ve t end4 ,s long z ! "q is approa*$ 9 ?is way1 ! abs5ce ( cle> evid5ce only delights ! prejudic$ comm5tator ) ! opportunity x af=ds = ! ex]cise ( 8 +5uity4 ,to a c]ta9 s*ool ( read]s ! v obscurity ( a book is its fasc9ation4 ,! less obvi\s a mean+ is1 ! m eag]ly d !y set !mselves to exp\nd & def5d x4 ,we c\ld leave !m to :at might be consid]$ a v h>mless div]sion if x 7 n = o!r consid]ations4 ,b we _c =get t x is j ?is +5i\s way ( int]pret+ ! ,bible 9 accordance ) preconceiv$ op9ions t has enc\rag$ ! quotation ( ! ,sacr$ ,volume 9 fav\r ( absolutely contradictory propositions1 an abuse :i* 9 its turn has provok$ an inevitable reaction lead+ to contempt = ! ,bible z an obscure book :i* speaks ) no c]ta9 voice4 ,/ill1 x may be cont5d$1 ! analogy betwe5 ! words ( ?is poem & ! spiritual exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ians is 9 itself an indication ( int5tional connection4 ,sw$5borg has %ewn t !re are correspond5ces betwe5 ! natural & ! spiritual1 & ?is tru? is illu/rat$ by ! metaphorical ref]5ces to m>riage 9 ! ,bible :i* h be5 adduc$ = comp>ison ) ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,b _! v exi/5ce %[s t analogies betwe5 religi\s exp]i5ce & ! love /ory ( ! ,%ulammite may be trac$ out by ! read] )\t any design on ! "p ( ! au?or to pres5t !m4 ,if !y are natural !y are univ]sal1 & any love song w s]ve our purpose4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 if ! ,song ( ,solomon admits ( my/ical adaptation1 s d ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s ,sonnets f ! ,portuguese4 ,we h no alt]native1 !n1 b to conclude t ! my/ical int]pretation ( ?is "w is bas$ on a delusion4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be add$ t ! delusion is a mis*iev\s "o4 ,no d\bt to _m x has be5 z meat & dr9k4 ,!y h f\nd 9 _! read+ ( ! ,song ( ,solomon real spiritual refre%m5t1 or !y believe !y h f\nd x4 ,b !re is ano!r side4 ,! poem has be5 us$ to m9i/] to a morbid1 s5tim5tal type ( religion4 ,m ?an any o!r influ5ce1 ! my/ical int]pretation ( ?is book has import$ an effem9ate elem5t into ! notion ( ! love ( ,*ri/1 n "o trace ( :i* c be detect$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,ca?olic leg5d ( ! m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e is some:at r$eem$ by ! high ascetic tone t p]vades x2 & yet x indicates a decl9e f ! /&po9t ( ! apo/les4 ,n a few unque/ionable revelations ( immorality 9 conv5ts h %$ a gha/ly light on ! abuse ( erotic religi\s f]v\r4 ,among ,prote/ants x _c be said t ! mo/ :olesome hymns are ^? :i* are compos$ on ! model ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,9 "s cases ! religi\s use ( ?is book is p]fectly nause\s1 indicat+ no?+ less ?an a disease ( religion4 ,:5--z sometimes happ5s--frightful excesses ( s5suality foll[ close on seasons ( :at has be5 reg>d$ z ! revival ( religion1 ! common explanation ( ^! horrors is t 9 "s my/]i\s way spiritual emotion lies v ne> to s5sual appetite1 s t an excitem5t ( ! "o t5ds to r\se ! o!r4 ,a m revolt+ hypo!sis1 or "o m insult+ to religion1 _c be imag9$4 ,! tru? is1 ! two regions are sep>ate z ! poles4 ,! explanation ( ! ph5om5a ( _! app>5t conjunction is to be f\nd 9 q ano!r direction4 ,x is t _! victims h sub/itut$ = religion a s5su\s excitem5t :i* is z little religi\s z ! elation t foll[s indulg5ce 9 alcoholism4 ,!re is no m deadly temptation ( ! devil ?an t :i* hoodw9ks delud$ fanatics into mak+ ?is t]rible mi/ake4 ,b x c sc>cely be d5i$ t ! my/ical read+ ( ! ,song ( ,solomon by unspiritual p]sons1 or ev5 by any p]sons :o are n completely =tifi$ aga9/ ! dang]1 may t5d 9 ?is fatal direction4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,canonicity ,x is sc>cely to be expect$ t ! view ( ! ,song ( ,solomon exp\nd$ 9 ! =ego+ pages w meet ) acceptance f e read]4 ,a p]son :o has be5 accu/om$ to resort to ?is book 9 se>* ( ! deepe/ spiritual ideas _c b reg>d ! d5ial ( _! pres5ce ) av]sion4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 x is di/ress+ to be compell$ to give pa9 to a dev\t s\l1 x may be necess>y4 ,if !re is weight 9 ! consid]ations t h be5 engag+ our att5tion1 we _c %ut our eyes to !m simply because !y may be disappo9t+4 ,! my/ical int]pret] w be %ock$ at :at he takes = irrev]5ce4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 he %\ld be on 8 gu>d aga9/ fall+ into ?is v fault f ! opposite side4 ,rev]5ce = tru? is a prim>y ,*ri/ian duty4 ,! iconocla/ is c]ta9 to be *>g$ ) irrev]5ce by ! devotee ( ! popul> idol :i* he feels x 8 duty to de/roy2 & yet1 if 8 action is inspir$ by loyalty to tru?1 rev]5ce = :at he deems highe/ & be/ may be its ma9spr+4 ,if ! ,song ( ,solomon 7 n "o ( ! books ( ! ,bible1 que/ions su* z ^! w\ld nev] arise4 ,x is its place 9 ! sacr$ canon t induces p to res5t ! consequ5ces ( ! application ( criticism to x4 ,x is simply ow+ to its be+ a "p ( ! ,bible t x has come to be treat$ my/ically at all4 ,und\bt$ly ?is is :y x 0 allegoris$ by ! ,jews4 ,b1 !n1 ! second>y signification ?us acquir$ react$ ^u x1 & s]v$ z a sort ( buoy to float x ov] ! rocks ( awkw>d que/ions4 ,! result 0 t 9 ! end ! book atta9$ to an exceptionally high position 9 ! e/imation ( ! rabbis4 ,?us ! great ,rabbi ,akiba says3 ,! c\rse ( ! ages _c vie ) ! day on :i* ! ,song ( ,songs 0 giv5 to ,israel4 ,all ! ,ke?ubim 7i4e41 ! ,hagiographa7 are holy1 b ! ,song ( ,songs is a holy ( holies4 ,su* be+ ! case1 x is manife/ t ! rejection ( ! my/ical signification ( its cont5ts mu/ revive ! "q ( ! canonicity ( ! book4 ,we h n1 h[ev]1 to deal ) ! problem ( its orig9al ins]tion 9 ! canon4 ,we f9d x !re4 ,"s d\bts z to its "r to ! place x holds seem to h be5 rais$ among ! ,jews dur+ ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era2 b ^! d\bts 7 effectually borne d[n4 ,z f> z we "k1 ! ,song ( ,solomon has always be5 a portion ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures f ! obscure "t :5 ! collection ( ^? ,scriptures 0 complet$4 ,x /&s z ! fir/ ( ! five ,megillo?1 or sacr$ rolls--! o!rs be+ ,ru?1 ,lam5tations1 ,e/h]1 & ,ecclesia/es4 ,we are n n[ engag$ 9 ! difficult task ( con/ruct+ a new canon4 ,! only possibility is t ( ! expulsion ( a book already 9 ! old canon4 ,b ! attempt to di/urb 9 any way su* a volume z ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ) all its incomp>able associations1 is n "o to be und]tak5 lightly or )\t adequate reason4 ,9 ord] to ju/ify ?is radical measure x w\ld n be en\gh to %ew t ! specific religi\s mean+s t "s h atta*$ to ! ,song ( ,solomon d n really belong to x4 ,if x is said t ! secul> tone x acquires "u ! h&s ( criticism %ews x to be unwor?y ( a place 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 ?is ass]tion goes ^u an unw>rantable assumption4 ,we h no reason to ma9ta9 t all ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t mu/ be ( equal value4 ,! ,book ( ,e/h] does n rea* a v high level ( moral or religi\s wor?2 ! pessimism ( ,ecclesia/es is n inspir+2 ev5 ! ,book ( ,prov]bs conta9s maxims t _c be elevat$ to a fir/ place 9 e?ics4 ,if we c\ld discov] no di/9ctively enlight5+ or uplift+ influ5ce 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ?is w\ld n be a suffici5t reason = rais+ a cry aga9/ x2 because if x 7 simply neutral 9 "*1 l nitrog5 9 ! atmosph]e1 x w\ld d no h>m1 & we c\ld safely let x be4 ,! "o ju/ification = a radical treatm5t ( ! "q w\ld be ! discov]y t ! book 0 false 9 doctr9e or delet]i\s 9 "*4 ,z to doctr9e1 x does n tr5* on t region at all4 ,x w\ld be z incongru\s to associate x ) ! grave *>ge ( h]esy z to br+ a simil> accusation aga9/ ! ,essays ( ,elia or ,keats's poetry4 ,& if ! view express$ 9 ^! pages is at all correct1 x c]ta9ly _c be said t ! moral t5d5cy ( ! book is injuri\s2 ! v rev]se mu/ be affirm$4 ,s9ce !re is no reason to believe t ! ,song ( ,solomon _h receiv$ any allegorical int]pretation be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 we mu/ conclude t x 0 n on ! gr\nd ( "s su* int]pretation t x 0 orig9ally admitt$ into ! ,hebrew collection ( ,scripture4 ,x 0 plac$ 9 ! canon be=e x 0 allegoris$4 ,x 0 only allegoris$ because x _h be5 plac$ 9 ! canon4 ,!n :y 0 x set !re8 ,! natural conclusion to arrive at "u ^! circum/ances is t ! scribes :o v5tur$ to put x fir/ among ! sacr$ ,megillo? saw t !re 0 a di/9ctive value 9 x4 ,p]haps2 h[ev]1 x is too mu* to say ?is ( !m4 ,! ^w ,solomon be+ atta*$ to ! book w\ld seem to ju/ify its inclusion ) o!r lit]ature :i* _h receiv$ ! hall-m>k ( t great "n4 ,/ill we c le>n to appreciate x on its own m]its1 & 9 s do+ p]ceive t !re is some?+ 9 x to ju/ify its "r to a ni*e 9 ! glori\s temple ( scripture4 ,assur$ly x 0 mu* to make cle> 9 ! days ( royal polygamy among ! ,jews t ?is gross imitation ( ! c\rt life ( hea!n mon>*ies 0 a despicable & degrad+ ?+1 & to set ov] aga9/ x an attractive picture ( true love & simple mann]s4 ,! prophets ( ,israel 7 cont9ually prote/+ aga9/ a gr[+ dissolut5ess ( morals3 ! ,song ( ,solomon is a vivid illu/ration ( ! _s ( _! prote/4 ,if ! two nations _h be5 cont5t ) ! ru/ic delight s beautifully portray$ 9 ?is book1 !y might n h fall5 into ru9 z !y did "u ! influ5ce ( ! corruptions ( an effete civilisation4 ,if _! p _h *]i%$ ! graces ( purity & con/ancy t %9e s conspicu\sly 9 ! "* ( ! ,%ulammite !y might n h ne$$ to pass ?r\gh ! purg+ fires ( ! captivity4 ,b :ile ?is c be said ( ! book z x fir/ appe>$ among ! ,jews1 a simil> e/imate ( its function 9 lat] ages may also be made4 ,an ideal repres5tation ( fidelity 9 love "u ! greate/ provocation to surr5d] at discretion has a message = e age4 ,we ne$ n %r9k f read+ x 9 ! pages ( ! ,bible4 ,our ,"l tea*es u t next to ! duty ( love to ,god comes t ( love to "o's neighb\r4 ,b a man's ne>e/ neighb\r is 8 wife4 ,!re=e aft] 8 ,god 8 wife has ! fir/ claim ^u him4 ,b ! :ole conception ( matrimonial duty re/s on ! idea ( con/ancy 9 ! love ( man & woman4 ,if ?is book _h be5 read 9 its lit]al signification & its :olesome lesson absorb$ by ,*ri/5dom 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ! gloomy cl\d ( asceticism t !n hung ov] ! ,*ur* w\ld h be5 some:at light5$1 n to give place to ! outbur/ ( lic5ti\sness t accompani$ ! ,r5aissance1 b r to all[ ( ! bett] e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ri/ian home4 ,! absurd leg5ds t foll[ ! names ( ,/4 ,an?ony & ,/4 ,dun/an w\ld h lo/ _! motive4 ,hildebr& w\ld h _h no occasion to hurl 8 ?und]bolt4 ,! ,*ur* 0 mak+ ! huge mi/ake ( tea*+ t ! rem$y = dissolut5ess 0 unnatural celibacy4 ,?is book taught ! lesson--tru] to nature1 tru] to exp]i5ce1 tru] to ! ,god :o made u--t x 0 to be f\nd 9 ! r$emption ( love4 ,c x be d5i$ t ! same lesson is ne$$ 9 our own day8 ,! realism t has made itself a ma/] ( a l>ge "p ( popul> lit]ature reveals a /ate ( society t p]petuates ! mann]s ( ! c\rt ( ,solomon1 ?\gh "u a ?9 veil ( decorum4 ,! rem$y = ! awful dissolut5ess ( l>ge portions ( society c only be f\nd 9 ! cultivation ( su* l(ty ideas on ! relation ( ! sexes t ?is abom9ation %all be sc\t$ ) horror4 ,x is nei!r necess>y1 nor "r1 nor possible to contradict nature4 ,:at has to be %ewn is t man's true nature is n be/ial1 t satyrs & fauns are n m51 b degrad$ c>icatures ( m54 ,we _c cru% ! /ronge/ passion ( human nature4 ,! moral ( ! ,song ( ,solomon is t !re is no occasion to attempt to cru% x1 because ! "r ?+ is to elevate x by l(ty ideals ( love & con/ancy4 ,?is subject also des]ves att5tion on its positive side4 ,! lit]ature ( all ages is a te/imony to ! fact t no?+ 9 ! _w is s int]e/+ z love4 ,:at is s old z love-mak+8 & :at s fre%8 ,at lea/ n9ety-n9e novels out ( a hundr$ h a love-/ory = plot2 & ! hundr$? is always reg>d$ z an ecc5tric exp]im5t4 ,! p$ant may plant 8 heel on ! p]5nial fl[]2 b x w spr+ up aga9 z vigor\s z ev]4 ,?is is ! poetry ( ! mo/ commonplace exi/5ce4 ,:5 x visits a d+y s\l ! des]t blossoms z ! rose4 ,life may be h>d1 & its drudg]y a gr9d+ yoke2 b ) love all tasks are sweet4 ,& ,jacob s]v$ sev5 ye>s = ,ra*el2 & !y seem$ unto him b a few days1 = ! love he _h to h]4#hf ,t exp]i5ce ( ! patri>* is typical ( ! magic p[] ( true love 9 e age1 9 e clime4 ,to ! lov] x is always ! "t ( ! s++ ( birds4 ,:o %all tell ! value ( ! boon t ,god has giv5 s freely to mank9d1 to sweet5 ! lot ( ! toil] & %$ music into 8 he>t8 ,b ?is boon requires to be jeal\sly gu>d$ & %elt]$ f abuse1 or its honey w be turn$ into gall4 ,x is = ! toil]--! %eph]d ^: locks are wet ) ! dew t has fall5 ^u him :ile gu>d+ 8 flock by night1 ! maid5 :o has be5 work+ 9 ! v9ey>d2 x is beyond ! rea* ( ! pleasure-seek+ mon>* & ! indol5t ladies ( 8 c\rt4 ,?is boon is = ! pure 9 he>t2 x is utt]ly d5i$ to ! s5sual & dissolute4 ,f9ally1 x is res]v$ = ! loyal & true z ! peculi> rew>d ( con/ancy4 #hf ,g54 xxix4 #bj4 ,b :ile a poem t conta9s ^! pr9ciples mu/ be all[$ to h an important mission 9 ! _w1 x does n foll[ t x is suitable = public or indiscrim9ate read+4 ,! fact t ! key to x is n easily discov]$ is a w>n+ t x is liable to be misund]/ood4 ,:5 x is read sup]ficially1 )\t any compreh5sion ( its drift & motive1 x may be p]v]t$ to mis*iev\s ends4 ,! antique ,ori5tal pictures ) :i* x ab\nds1 ?\gh natural to ! circum/ances ( its orig91 are n 9 h>mony ) ! m res]v$ mann]s ( our own conditions ( society4 ,z all ! books ( ! ,bible are n ( ! same "*1 s also !y are n all to be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,,! ,,lam5tations ,,( ,,j]emiah ,,*apt] ,i ,,hebrew ,,elegies ,! book :i* is kn[n by ! title ,! ,lam5tations ( ,j]emiah is a collection ( five sep>ate poems1 v simil> 9 /yle1 & all treat+ ( ! same subject--! desolation ( ,j]usalem & ! suff]+s ( ! ,jews aft] ! ov]?r[ ( _! city by ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,9 our ,engli% ,bible x is plac$ among ! prophetical works ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 /&+ next to ! ackn[l$g$ writ+s ( ! man ^: "n x be>s4 ,?is arrangem5t foll[s ! ord] 9 ! ,septuag9t1 f :i* x 0 accept$ by ,josephus & ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,& yet ! natural place = su* a book w\ld seem to be 9 association ) ! ,psalms & o!r poetical compositions ( a k9dr$ "*4 ,s ?\ght ! ,rabbis :o compil$ ! ,jewi% canon4 ,9 ! ,hebrew ,bible ! ,book ( ,lam5tations is assign$ to ! ?ird collection1 t designat$ ,hagiographa1 n to ! "p kn[n z ! ,prophets4 ,9 =m z well z 9 sub/ance ?is book is a rem>kable specim5 ( a specific ord] ( poetry4 ,! difficulty ( recov]+ ! orig9al pronunciation ( ! language has left our conception ( ,hebrew metres 9 a /ate ( obscurity4 ,x has be5 g5]ally suppos$ t ! rhy?m 0 m ( sight ?an ( s\nd1 b t x consi/$ ess5tially 9 nei!r1 dep5d+ ma9ly on ! balance ( ideas4 ,! metre1 x has be5 /at$1 might /rike ! eye 9 ! ext]nal aspect ( ! s5t5ces2 x 0 design$ mu* m to *>m ! m9d by ! h>mony & music ( ! ?\ghts4 ,b :ile ^! g5]al pr9ciples are /ill ackn[l$g$1 "s fur!r progress has be5 made 9 ! exam9ation ( ! /ructure ( ! v]ses1 ) ! result t bo? m regul>ity ( law & m v>iety ( metre h be5 discov]$4 ,! elegy 9 p>ticul> is f\nd to be %ap$ on special l9es ( its own4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t a peculi> metre is res]v$ = poems ( m\rnful reflection4 ,! fir/ feature ( ?is metre to be not$ is ! unusual l5g? ( ! l9e4 ,9 ,hebrew poetry1 accord+ to ! g5]ally accept$ pronunciation1 ! l9es v>y f ab\t six syllables to ab\t twelve4 ,9 ! elegy ! l9e mo/ frequ5tly runs to ! extreme limit1 & s acquires a sl[1 solemn movem5t4 ,a second feature ( elegiac poetry is ! break+ ( ! l5g?y l9e into two unequal p>ts--! fir/ "p be+ ab\t z long z a :ole l9e 9 an av]age ,hebrew lyric1 & ! second mu* %ort]1 read+ l ano!r l9e abbreviat$1 & seem+ to sugge/ t ! we>y ?\ght is wak+ up & hurry+ to its conclusion4 ,sometimes ?is %ort section is a ?9 e*o ( ! full] conception t prec$es1 sometimes ! completion ( t conception4 ,9 ! ,engli% v]sion1 ( c\rse1 ! effect is frequ5tly lo/2 /ill occasionally x is v m>k$1 ev5 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ?is =eign m$ium4 ,take1 = example1 ! l9es1 ,h] pr9ces are become l h>ts--t f9d no pa/ure1 ,& !y are gone )\t /r5g?--be=e ! pursu]2#hg or aga9 ! v long l9e1 ,x is ( ! ,"l's m]cies t we are n consum$--because ,8 compassions fail n4#hh #hg i4 #f4 #hh iii4 #bb4 ,n[ al?\gh ?is is only a /ructural feature x po9ts to inf]5ces ( deep] significance4 ,x %ews t ! ,hebrew poets paid special att5tion to ! elegy z a species ( v]se to be treat$ ap>t1 & !re=e t !y atta*$ a peculi> significance to ! ideas & feel+s x expresses4 ,! ease ) :i* ! transition to ! elegiac =m ( v]se is made :5ev] an occasion = us+ x occurs is a h9t t ?is mu/ h be5 famili> to ! ,jews4 ,possibly x 0 9 common use at fun]als 9 ! dirge4 ,we meet ) an e>ly specim5 ( ?is v]se 9 ,amos1 :51 j aft] ann\nc+ t he is ab\t to utt] a lam5tation ov] ! h\se ( ,israel1 ! h]dsman ( ,tekoa breaks into elegiacs ) ! words1 ,! virg9 daught] ( ,israel is fall5--%e %all no m rise3 ,%e is ca/ d[n ^u h] l&--!re is none to raise h] up4#hi #hi ,amos v4 #b4 ,simil>ly con/ruct$ elegiac pieces are scatt]$ ov] ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures f ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 onw>ds4 ,sev]al illu/rations ( ?is peculi> k9d ( metre are to be f\nd 9 ! ,psalms4 ,x is employ$ ironically ) t]rible effect 9 ! ,book ( ,isaiah1 :]e ! mock lam5t ov] ! dea? ( ! k+ ( ,babylon is con/ruct$ 9 ! =m ( a true elegy4 ,:5 ! prophet made a sudd5 transition f 8 normal /yle to sombre fun]eal measures 8 purpose w\ld be at once recognis$1 = 8 words w\ld s\nd l ! toll+ bell & ! muffl$ drums t ann\nce ! m>* ( dea?2 & yet x w\ld be kn[n t ?is solemn pomp 0 n really a demon/ration ( m\rn+ or a symbol ( respect1 b only ! pageantry ( scorn & hatr$ & v5geance4 ,! s>casm w\ld /rike home ) ! m =ce s9ce x fell on m5's e>s 9 ! heavy1 l+]+ l9es ( ! elegy1 z ! exultant patriot exclaim$1 ,h[ ha? ! oppressor ceas$--! gold5 city ceas$6 ,! ,"l ha? brok5 ! /aff ( ! wick$--! sceptre ( ! rul]s1 etc4#ij #ij ,isa4 xiv4 #d ff4 ,a special *>act]i/ic ( ! five elegies t make up ! ,book ( ,lam5tations is _! alphabetical arrangem5t4 ,ea* elegy consi/s ( tw5ty-two v]ses1 ! same numb] z t ( ! lett]s 9 ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,all b ! la/ are acro/ics1 ! initial lett] ( ea* v]se foll[+ ! ord] ( ! alphabet4 ,9 ! ?ird elegy e l9e 9 ! v]se beg9s ) ! same lett]4 ,accord+ to ano!r way ( reckon+1 ?is poem consi/s ( sixty-six v]ses arrang$ 9 triplets1 ea* ( :i* n only foll[s ! ord] ( ! alphabet ) its fir/ lett]1 b also has ?is initial lett] repeat$ at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ( its ?ree v]ses4 ,alphabetical acro/ics are n unkn[n else:]e 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 !re are sev]al in/ances ( !m 9 ! ,psalms4#ia ,! me?od is g5]ally ?\ght to h be5 adopt$ z an exp$i5t to assi/ ! memory4 ,cle>ly x is a some:at artificial arrangem5t1 cramp+ ! imag9ation ( ! poet2 & x is reg>d$ by "s z a sign ( lit]>y decad5ce4 ,:atev] view we may take ( x f ! /&po9t ( purely arti/ic criticism1 we c d]ive "o important conclusion conc]n+ ! m5tal attitude ( ! writ] f a consid]ation ( ! elaborate /ructure ( ! v]se4 ,al?\gh ?is poetry is evid5tly inspir$ by deep emotion--emotion s pr(\nd t x _c ev5 be re/ra9$ by ! /iffe/ ve/ure--/ill ! au?or is q self-possess$3 he is n at all ov]-ma/]$ by 8 feel+s2 :at he says is ! outcome ( delib]ation & reflection4 #ia ,e4g41 ,psalms ix41 x41 xxv41 xxxiv41 xxxvii41 cxix41 cxlv4 ,pass+ f ! =m to ! sub/ance ( ! elegy1 our att5tion is arre/$ on ! ?re%old ( ! m s]i\s enquiry by ano!r l9k ( connection betwe5 ! two4 ,9 accordance ) a cu/om ( :i* we h o!r in/ances 9 ! ,hebrew ,bible1 ! fir/ ^w 9 ! text is tak5 z ! title ( ! book4 ,! haphaz>d "n is m appropriate 9 ?is case ?an x sometimes proves to be1 = ! fir/ ^w ( ! fir/ *apt]--! orig9al ,hebrew = :i* is ! ,jewi% title ( ! book--is ,h[4 ,n[ ?is is a *>act]i/ic ^w = ! comm5cem5t ( an elegy4 ,?ree out ( ! five elegies 9 ,lam5tations beg9 ) x2 s does ! mock elegy 9 ,isaiah4 ,moreov]1 x is n only sugge/ive ( ! =m ( a c]ta9 k9d ( poetry2 x is a h9t ( ! _s 9 :i* t poetry is conceiv$2 x /rikes ! key-note = all t foll[s4 ,!re=e x may n be sup]flu\s = u to consid] ! significance ( ?is little ^w 9 ! pres5t connection4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is a sort ( note ( exclamation prefix$ to ! s5t5ce x introduces4 ,?us x infuses an emotional elem5t into ! /atem5ts :i* foll[ x4 ,! ^w is a relic ( ! mo/ primitive =m ( language4 ,judg+ f ! s\nds produc$ by animals & ! cries ( little *ildr51 we %\ld conclude t ! fir/ approa* to spee* w\ld be a simple expression ( excitem5t--a scream ( pa91 a %\t ( delight1 a yell ( rage1 a %riek ( surprise4 ,next to ! m]e v5t+ ( feel+ comes ! utt]ance ( desire--a reque/1 ei!r = ! possession ( "s covet$ boon1 or = deliv]ance f some?+ objectionable4 ,?us ! dog b>ks = 8 bone1 or b>ks aga9 to be fre$ f 8 *a92 & ! *ild cries = a toy1 or = protection f a t]ror4 ,if ?is is correct x w be only at ! ?ird /age ( spee* t we %all rea* /atem5ts ( fact pure & simple4 ,conv]sely1 x may be argu$ t z ! progress ( cultivation develops ! p]ceptive & reason+ faculties & correspond+ =ms ( spee*1 ! primitive emotional & volitional types ( language mu/ rec$e4 ,our phlegmatic ,engli% temp]am5t pr$isposes u to take ?is view4 ,x is n easy = u to sympa?ise ) ! expressiv5ess ( an excitable ,ori5tal p4 ,:at to !m is p]fectly natural & n at all inconsi/5t ) true manl9ess /rikes u z a *ildi% weakness4 ,is n ?is a trifle insul>8 ,! emotions con/itute z ess5tial a "p ( human nature z ! obs]v+ & reason+ faculties1 & x _c be prov$ t to /ifle !m b5ea? a calm ext]ior is m "r & prop] ?an to give !m a c]ta9 adequate expression4 ,t ?is expression may be f\nd ev5 among ourselves is app>5t f ! s+ul> fact t ! ,engli%1 :o are ! mo/ prosaic p 9 _! conduct1 h giv5 ! _w m good poetry ?an any o!r nation ( mod]n times2 a fact :i*1 p]haps1 may be expla9$ on ! pr9ciple t ! highe/ poetry is n ! rank outgr[? ( irregulat$ passions1 b ! cultivat$ fruit ( deep-root$ ideas4 ,/ill ^! ideas mu/ be w>m$ ) feel+ be=e !y w g]m9ate4 ,mu* m1 :5 we are n m]ely int]e/$ 9 poetic lit]ature1 :5 we are 9 e>ne/ ab\t practical actions1 an artificial re/ra9t ( ! emotions mu/ be mis*iev\s4 ,no d\bt ! unimpassion$ /yle has its mission--9 allay+ a panic1 = example4 ,b x w n inspire m5 to attempt a =lorn hope4 ,society w nev] be sav$ by hy/]ics2 b nei!r w x ev] be sav$ by /ati/ics4 ,x may be t ! exclamation h[ is a feeble survival ( ! savage h[l4 ,nev]!less ! emotional expression1 :5 regulat$ z ! tam+ ( ! s\nd sugge/s1 w always play a v real "p 9 ! life ( mank9d1 ev5 at ! mo/ highly develop$ /age ( civilisation4 ,9 ! second place1 x is to be obs]v$ t ?is ^w introduces a tone ( vagu5ess into ! s5t5ces :i* x op5s4 ,a description beg9n+ z ^! elegies beg9 w\ld n s]ve ! purpose ( an inv5tory ( ! ru9s ( ,j]usalem su* z an insurance society w\ld dem& 9 ! pres5t day4 ,! facts are view$ ?r\gh an atmosph]e ( feel+1 s t _! *ronological ord] is confus$ & _! details melt "o into ano!r4 ,t is n to say t !y are robb$ ( all value4 ,pure impressionism may reveal tru?s :i* no h>d1 exact picture c r5d] cle> to u4 ,^! elegies make u see ! desolation ( ,j]usalem m vividly ?an ! mo/ accurate photographs ( ! sc5es ref]r$ to c\ld h done1 because !y help u to ent] into ! passion ( ! ev5t4 ,) ?is idea ( vagu5ess1 h[ev]1 !re is jo9$ a s5se ( va/ness4 ,! note ( exclamation is also a note ( admiration4 ,! language is indef9ite 9 "p = ! v reason t ! sc5e begg>s description4 ,! cynical _s :i* w\ld r$uce all life to ! level ( a ,dut* l&scape is "h exclud$ by ! ov]:elm+ mass ( ! tr\bles bewail$4 ,! cat>act ( sorr[ awes u ) ! greatness ( its volume & ! ?und] ( its fall4 ,f sugge/ions ?us ris+ out ( a consid]ation ( ! op5+ ^w ( ! elegy we may be l$ on to a p]ception ( simil> traits 9 ! body ( ?is poetry4 ,x is emotional 9 "*2 x is vague 9 description2 & x sets be=e u visions ( va/ woe4 ,b n[ x is q cle> t poetry su* z ?is mu/ be some?+ else ?an ! wild expression ( grief4 ,x is a product ( reflection4 ,! acute /age ( suff]+ is ov]4 ,! writ] is mus+ ^u a sad pa/2 or if at times he is reflect+ on a pres5t /ate ( di/ress1 /ill he is reg>d+ ?is z ! result ( m viol5t sc5es1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! la/ ?+ a man w\ld ?9k ( do+ w\ld be to sit d[n & compose a poem4 ,?is reflective poetry w give u emotion1 /ill w>m1 b %ot ) ?\ght4 ,! reflectiv5ess ( ! elegy does n take ! direction ( philosophy4 ,x does n speculate on ! my/]y ( suff]+4 ,x does n ask su* ob/9ate que/ions1 or engage 9 su* vexati\s dialectics1 z circle ab\t ! problem ( evil 9 ! ,book ( ,job4 ,leav+ ^? difficult matt]s to ! !ologians :o c>e to wre/le ) !m1 ! elegi/ is satisfi$ to dwell on 8 !me 9 a quiet1 m$itative mood1 & to p]mit 8 ideas to fl[ on spontane\sly z 9 a rev]ie4 ,?us x happ5s t1 artificial z is ! =m ( 8 v]se1 ! und]ly+ ?\ght seems to be natural & un=c$4 ,9 ?is way he repres5ts to u ! aft]gl[ ( sunset :i* foll[s ! day ( /orm & t]ror4 ,! aft]gl[ is beautiful--t is :at ! elegy makes evid5t4 ,x pa9ts ! beauty ( sorr[4 ,x is able to d s only because x contemplates ! sc5e indirectly1 z portray$ 9 ! mirror ( ?\ght4 ,an imm$iate vision ( pa9 is itself :olly pa9ful4 ,if ! agony is int5se1 & if no relief c be (f]$1 we in/9ctively turn aside f ! sick5+ sight4 ,only a brutalis$ p c\ld f9d amusem5t 9 ! gha/ly spectacle ( ! ,roman amphi!atre4 ,x is cit$ z a pro( ( ,domitian's diabolical cruelty t ! emp]or w\ld h dy+ slaves br\ght be=e him 9 ord] t he might wat* ! facial expression ( _! la/ agonies4 ,su* sc5es are n fit subjects = art4 ,! fam\s gr\p ( ! ,laocoon is consid]$ by _m to h pass$ ! b\nd>ies ( legitimate repres5tation 9 ! t]ror & torm5t ( its subject2 & ,ecce ,homos & pictures ( ! crucifixion c only be def5d$ f a simil> condemnation :5 ! pr(\nd spiritual significance ( ! subjects is made to dom9ate ! b>e torture4 ,fac$ squ>ely1 9 ! gl>e ( day1 pa9 & dea? are grim ogres1 ! ugl9ess ( :i* no am\nt ( s5tim5t c disguise4 ,y c no m f9d poetry 9 a pres5t ,inf]no ?an fl[]s 9 ! r$ vomit ( a live volcano4 ,m5 :o h se5 w> tell u !y h discov]$ no?+ attractive 9 its dreadful sc5es ( blood & angui% & fury4 ,:at c\ld be m revolt+ to contemplate ?an ! sack ( a city1--fire & sword 9 e /reet1 public build+s raz$ to ! gr\nd1 hon\r$ monum5ts defac$1 homes ravag$1 *ildr5 torn f ! arms ( _! p>5ts1 "y girls dragg$ away to a horrible fate1 lu/1 robb]y1 slaught] rampant )\t %ame or re/ra9t1 ! wild bea/ 9 ! conqu]ors let loose1 & a :ole army1 sudd5ly fre$ f all rules ( discipl9e1 behav+ l a sw>m ( demons j escap$ f hell4 ,to ?9k ( cultivat+ art or poetry 9 ! pres5ce ( su* sc5es w\ld be z absurd z to attempt a musical ent]ta9m5t among ! %rieks ( lo/ s\ls4 ,! case assumes ano!r aspect :5 we pass f ! region ( p]sonal obs]vation to t ( reflection4 ,!re is no beauty 9 ! sight ( a captur$ ca/le imm$iately aft] ! siege :i* end$ 9 its fall1 its battlem5ts %att]$1 its walls seam$ ) cracks1 "h & !re a brea*1 r\gh & ragg$1 & /rewn ) /ones & du/4 ,& yet1 by sl[ degrees & 9 imp]ceptible ways1 "t & nature w trans=m ! sc5e until moss-gr[n walls & ivy-cov]$ t[]s acquire a new beauty only se5 among ru9s4 ,nature heals & "t s(t5s1 & betwe5 !m !y ?r[ a mantle ( grace ov] ! sc>s ( :at 7 once ugly1 gap+ w\nds4 ,pa9 z x rec$es into memory is transmut$ into pa?os2 & pa?os always fasc9ates u ) "s approa* to beauty4 ,if x is true t ,poets le>n 9 sorr[ :at !y tea* 9 song1 mu/ x n be also ! fact t sorr[ :ile inspir+ song is itself glorifi$ !reby8 ,to use suff]+ m]ely z ! food ( /heticism w\ld be to degrade x immeasurably4 ,we %\ld r put ! case ! o!r way4 ,poetry saves sorr[ f becom+ sordid by reveal+ its beauty1 & 9 epic h]oism ev5 its sublimity4 ,x helps u to p]ceive h[ mu* m dep? !re is 9 life ?an 0 app>5t "u ! gl>e & glam\r ( prosp]ity4 ,"s ( u may recollect h[ %all[ & %ad[y our own lives 7 felt to be 9 ! simple days be=e we _h ta/$ ! bitt] cup4 ,!re 0 a hung] !n = "s deep] exp]i5ce :i* seem$ to lie beyond our rea*4 ,:ile we naturally %rank f ent]+ ! via dolorosa1 we 7 dimly consci\s t ! pilgrims :o trod its r\gh /ones _h discov]$ a secret t rema9$ hidd5 f u1 & we covet$ _! atta9m5t1 al?\gh we did n envy ! bitt] exp]i5ce by :i* x _h be5 acquir$4 ,?is feel+ may h be5 due 9 "p to ! fooli% s5tim5tality t is sometimes indulg$ 9 by extreme y\?2 b t is n ! :ole explanation ( x1 = :5 our pa? conducts u f ! flat1 monoton\s pla9 ( ease & com=t into a region ( *asms & torr5ts1 we d inde$ discov] an unsuspect$ dep? 9 life4 ,n[ x is ! mission ( ! poetry ( sorr[ to int]pret ?is discov]y to u4 ,at lea/ x %\ld enable u to read ! lessons ( exp]i5ce 9 ! pure/ light4 ,x is n ! task ( ! poet to supply a categorical answ] to ! riddle ( ! univ]se2 /up5d\s z t task w\ld be1 x mu/ be reg>d$ z q a prosaic "o4 ,poetry w n fit exact answ]s to set que/ions1 = poetry is n sci5ce2 b poetry w op5 deaf e>s & ano9t bl9d eyes to receive ! voices & visions t haunt ! dep?s ( exp]i5ce4 ,?us x leads on to-- t bless$ mood1 ,9 :i* ! burd5 ( ! my/]y1 ,9 :i* ! heavy & ! we>y weight ,( all ?is un9telligible _w ,is light5$4 ,x may n be obvi\s to ! read] ( an elegy t ?is function is dis*>g$ by su* a poem1 = elegiac poetry seems to aim at no?+ m ?an ! ?\ghtful expression ( grief4 ,c]ta9ly x is nei!r didactic nor metaphysical4 ,nev]!less 9 weav+ a wrea? ( imag9ation r\nd ! suff]+s x bewails x _c b clo! !m ) a ri* significance4 ,x w\ld seem to be ! mission ( ! five inspir$ elegies conta9$ 9 ! ,book ( ,lam5tations ?us to int]pret ! sorr[s ( ! ,jews1 & ?r\gh !m ! sorr[s ( mank9d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,poems ,z we pass out ( ,j]usalem by ! ,damascus ,gate1 & foll[ ! ma9 nor? road1 our att5tion is imm$iately arre/$ by a l[ hill ( grey rock spr9kl$ ) wild fl[]s1 :i* is n[ attract+ peculi> notice because x has be5 rec5tly id5tifi$ ) ! ,golgo?a on :i* our ,"l 0 crucifi$4 ,9 ! face ( ?is hill a d>k recess--fa9tly sugge/ive ( ! eye-socket1 if we may suppose ! title ,place ( a skull to h aris5 f a fanci$ resemblance to a goat's skull--is popul>ly kn[n z ,j]emiah's grotto1 & held by curr5t tradition to be ! retreat :]e ! prophet compos$ ! five elegies t con/itute our ,book ( ,lam5tations4 ,clamb]+ ) difficulty ov] ! loose /ones t m>k ! passage ( w9t] torr5ts1 & rea*+ ! floor ( ! cave1 we are at once /ruck by ! suspici\s aptness ( ! sacr$ site4 ,9 a solitude s+ul>ly retir$1 consid]+ ! proximity ( a great c5tre ( population1 ! spectator comm&s a full view ( ! :ole city1 its embattl$ walls imm$iately confront+ him1 ) clu/]$ ro(s & domes 9 ! re>4 ,:at place c\ld h be5 m suitable = a poetic lam5t ov] ! ru9s ( fall5 ,j]usalem8 ,moreov]1 :5 we take into acc\nt ! dread associations d]iv$ f ! lat] hi/ory ( ! ,crucifixion1 :at c\ld be m fitt+ ?an t ! m\rn+ patriot's te>s = ! woes ( 8 city %\ld h be5 %$ s ne> to ! v spot :]e h] reject$ ,savi\r 0 to suff]8 ,b un=tunately hi/ory _c be con/ruct$ on ! l9es ( h>moni\s s5tim5ts4 ,:5 we endeav\r to trace ! leg5d t attributes ! ,lam5tations to ,j]emiah back to its s\rce we lose ! /ream "s c5turies be=e we arrive at ! "t ( ! great prophet4 ,no d\bt = ages ! tradition 0 undisput$2 x is f\nd bo? 9 ,jewi% & 9 ,*ri/ian lit]ature--9 ! ,talmud & 9 ! ,fa!rs4 ,j]ome popul>is$ x 9 ! ,*ur* by transf]r+ x to ! ,vulgate1 & be=e ?is ,josephus set x d[n z an accept$ fact4 ,x is pretty evid5t t ea* ( ^! p>allel curr5ts ( op9ion may h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,septuag9t1 :i* introduces ! book ) ! s5t5ce1 ,& x came to pass1 aft] ,israel _h be5 c>ri$ away captive1 & ,j]usalem _h become desolate1 t ,j]emiah sat weep+1 & lam5t$ ) ?is lam5tation ov] ,j]usalem1 & said1 etc4 ,"h our upw>d progress 9 track+ ! tradition is /ay$2 no m anci5t au?ority is to be f\nd4 ,yet we are /ill ?ree hundr$ ye>s f ! "t ( ,j]emiah6 ,( c\rse x is only reasonable to suppose t ! translators ( ! ,greek v]sion did n make _! addition to ! ,hebrew text at r&om1 or )\t :at !y deem$ suffici5t gr\nds4 ,possibly !y 7 foll[+ "s docum5t>y au?ority1 or1 at lea/1 "s v5]able tradition4 ,( ?is we "k no?+4 ,mean:ile1 x mu/ be obs]v$ t no su* /atem5t exi/s 9 ! ,hebrew ,bible2 & x w\ld nev] h be5 omitt$ if x _h be5 !re orig9ally4 ,"o o!r witness has be5 adduc$1 b only to furni% te/imony ( an obscure & ambigu\s "*4 ,9 #b ,*ron4 xxxv4 #be we read1 ,& ,j]emiah lam5t$ = ,josiah2 & all ! s++ m5 & s++ wom5 spake ( ,josiah 9 _! lam5tations1 unto ?is day2 & !y made !m an ord9ance 9 ,israel2 &1 behold1 !y are writt5 9 ! lam5tations4 ,josephus1 & ,j]ome aft] him1 appe> to assume t ! *ronicl] is "h ref]r+ to our ,book ( ,lam5tations4 ,t is v que/ionable2 = ! words describe an elegy on ,josiah1 & our book conta9s no su* elegy4 ,c we suppose t ! *ronicl] assum$ t inasmu* z ,j]emiah 0 believ$ to h writt5 a lam5t = ! m\rn]s to *ant 9 commemoration ( ,josiah1 ?is w\ld be "o ( ! poems pres]v$ 9 ! collection ( ,j]usalem elegies famili> to read]s ( 8 day8 ,be t z x may1 ! *ronicl] wrote 9 ! ,grecian p]iod1 & !re=e 8 /atem5ts come "s long "t aft] ! date ( ! prophet4 ,9 ?is de>? ( ext]nal te/imony we turn to ! book itself = indications ( orig9 & au?or%ip4 ,! poems make no claim to h be5 ! utt]ances ( ,j]emiah2 !y d n supply u ) _! au?or's "n4 ,!re=e !re c be no "q ( g5u95ess1 no room = an ugly *>ge ( =g]y1 or a delicate ascription ( pseudonymity1 ,! case is n comp>able to t ( #b ,pet]1 or ev5 to t ( ,ecclesia/es--! "o ( :i* directly claims apo/olic au?ority1 & ! o!r a lit]>y association ) ! "n ( ,solomon4 ,x is r to be p>allel$ ) ! case ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 a purely anonym\s "w4 ,/ill !re is mu* :i* seems to po9t to ,j]emiah z ! au?or ( ^! int5sely pa!tic elegies4 ,!y are n l ,mac,pherson's ,ossian2 nobody c "q _! antiquity4 ,if !y 7 n q contemporane\s ) ! sc5es !y describe s graphically !y _c h orig9at$ mu* lat]2 = !y are l ! l[ wail+s ) :i* ! /orm s9ks to re/1 rem9d+ u h[ rec5tly ! ?und] 0 roll+ & ! besom ( de/ruction sweep+ ov] ! l&4 ,among ! prophets ( ,israel ,j]emiah 0 ! voice cry+ 9 ! wild]ness ( national ru92 x is natural to suppose t he too 0 ! poet :o p\r$ out sad ?\ghts ( memory 9 song at a lat] "t :5 sorr[ _h leisure = reflection4 ,8 prophecies w\ld lead u to conclude t no ,jew ( ^? d>k days c\ld h exp]i5c$ ke5] pangs ( grief at ! incomp>able woes ( 8 nation4 ,he 0 ! v inc>nation ( patriotic m\rn+4 ,:o !n w\ld be m likely to h produc$ ! national lam5t8 ,"h we seem to meet aga9 none o!r ?an ! man :o exclaim$1 ,oh t ,i c\ld com=t myself aga9/ sorr[6 my he>t is fa9t )9 me#ib & aga91 ,oh t my head 7 wat]s1 & m9e eyes a f\nta9 ( te>s1 t ,i might weep day & night = ! sla9 ( ! daught] ( my p4#ic ,_m po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ! kn[n writ+s ( ,j]emiah & ^! poems may be detect$4 ,?us ,j]emiah's ,virg9 daught] ( ,god's p reappe>s z ! ,virg9 daught] ( ,judah4 ,9 bo? ! writ] is oppress$ ) fe> z well z grief2 9 bo? he especially d5\nces cl]ical vices1 ! s9s ( ! two rival l9es ( religi\s lead]s1 ! prie/s & ! prophets2 9 bo? he appeals to ,god = retribution4 ,!re is a rem>kable lik5ess 9 tone & temp] ?r\gh\t betwe5 ! two s]ies ( writ+s4 ,x w\ld be possible to adduce _m purely v]bal m>ks ( simil>ity2 ! comm5tator on ,lam5tations mo/ frequ5tly illu/rates ! mean+ ( a ^w by ref]r+ to a p>allel usage 9 ,j]emiah4 #ib ,j]4 viii4 #ah4 #ic ,j]4 ix4 #a4 ,on ! o!r h&1 sev]al facts raise difficulties 9 ! way ( our accept+ ( ! hypo!sis ( a common au?or%ip4 ,! v]bal argum5t is prec>i\s at be/2 x c only be fully appreciat$ by ! speciali/1 & if accept$ by ! g5]al read]1 x mu/ be tak5 on fai?4 ,( c\rse ?is la/ po9t is no valid objection to ! real wor? ( ! argum5t 9 itself2 x _c be ma9ta9$ t no?+ is true :i* may n be r$uc$ to ! level ( ! meane/ intellig5ce1 or ! diff]5tial calculus w\ld be a baseless fable4 ,b :5 ! speciali/s disagree1 ev5 ! un9itiat$ h "s excuse = hold+ ! case to be n prov$ = ei!r side2 & x is ?us ) ! resemblances & ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,j]emiah & ,lam5tations1 long li/s ( phrases us$ 9 common be+ balanc$ ) equally long li/s ( peculi>ities f\nd 9 "o only ( ! two books 9 "q4 ,! /ronge/ objection to ! !ory t ,j]emiah 0 ! au?or ( ! ,lam5tations1 h[ev]1 is "o t c be m readily grasp$4 ,^! poems are mo/ elaborately arti/ic 9 =m1 n to say artificial4 ,n[ ! objection :i* is r\s$ by t fact is n simply due to ! loose & less %apely con/ruction ( ! prophecies2 = x may ju/ly be urg$ t ! lit]>y designs ent]ta9$ by ! prophet 9 ! leisure ( 8 lat] ye>s may h l$ him to cultivate a /yle :i* w\ld h be5 q unsuitable = 8 practical prea*+ or = ! political pamphlets he us$ to fl+ (f 9 ! heat ( conflict4 ,x orig9ates 9 deep] psy*ological contradictions4 ,is x possible t ! man :o _h %$ bitt]e/ te>s1 z f 8 v he>t1 9 ! dismal reality ( mis]y1 c\ld play ) 8 tr\bles 9 fanciful acro/ics8 ,c we imag9e a lead+ actor 9 ! trag$y turn+ ! ev5ts ?r\gh :i* he _h pass$ into mat]ials = /hetic treatm5t8 ,c we cr$it ?is ( s int5se a s\l z ,j]emiah8 ,! composition ( ,9 ,memoriam may be cit$ z an in/ance ( ! production ( highly arti/ic poetry "u ! influ5ce ( ke5 p]sonal sorr[4 ,b ! case is n p>allel2 = ,t5nyson 0 a passive m\rn] ov] ! loss ( a fri5d "u circum/ances ) :i* he _h no connection1 :ile ,j]emiah _h cont5d$ /r5u\sly = ye>s on ! field ( action4 ,c\ld a man ) su* a hi/ory h set himself to "w up its mo/ doleful exp]i5ces into ! embroid]y ( a peculi>ly artificial =m ( v]sification8 ,t is ! grave/ difficulty4 ,o!r objections ( m9or weight foll[4 ,9 ! ?ird elegy ,j]emiah w\ld seem to be giv+ m prom95ce to 8 own p]sonality ?an we %\ld h expect$ ( ! brave1 unselfi% prophet4 ,9 ! f\r? ! writ] appe>s to associate himself ) ^? ,jews :o 7 disappo9t$ 9 expect+ deliv]ance f an ,egyptian alliance1 :5 he compla9s-- ,our eyes d yet fail 9 look+ = our va9 help3 ,9 wat*+ we h wat*$ = a nation t c\ld n save4#id #id iv4 #ag4 ,w\ld ,j]emiah1 :o bade ! ,jews b[ to ! sc\rge ( ,jehovah's *a/isem5t & look = no e>?ly deliv]]1 ?us confess p>ticipation 9 ! worldly policy :i* he1 9 common ) all ! true prophets1 _h d5\nc$ z fai?less & disob$i5t8 ,!n1 :ile %>+ ,j]emiah's condemnation ( ! prie/s & prophets1 ! writ] appe>s to h only commis]ation = ! fate ( ! poor weak k+ ,z$ekiah4#ie ,?is is v diff]5t f ,j]emiah's treatm5t ( him4#if #ie iv4 #bj4 #if ,j]4 lii4 #b1 #c4 ,x is n a s]i\s objection t our poet says ( ,zion1 ,yea1 h] prophets f9d no vision f ! ,"l1#ig :ile we "k t ,j]emiah _h visions aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1#ih because ! g5]al condition may /ill h be5 "o *>act]is$ by ! sil5c+ ( ! _m prophets ) ^: oracles ! ,jews _h be5 accu/om$ to solace !mselves 9 view ( ?reat5$ calamities2 nor t he exclaims1 ,%all ! prie/ & ! prophet be sla9 9 ! sanctu>y ( ! ,"l8#ii al?\gh ,j]emiah makes no m5tion ( ?is tw(old assass9ation1 because we h no ju/ification = ! assumption t he record$ e horror ( ! great trag$y2 nor1 aga91 t ! au?or is evid5tly famili> ) ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy1 & ref]s frequ5tly to ! ,song ( ,moses 9 p>ticul>1 = ?is is j :at we might h expect$ ( ,j]emiah2 & yet ^! & o!r simil> b ev5 less conclusive po9ts h be5 br\ght =w>d z difficulties4 ,p]haps x is a m p]plex+ 9 view ( ! traditional hypo!sis1 t ! poet appe>s to h made use ( ! writ+s ( ,ezekiel4 ,?us ! allusion to ! prophets :o h se5 visions 444 ( vanity & fooli%ness1#ajj po9ts to ! full] description ( ^! m5 9 ! writ+s ( ! prophet ( ! exile1 :]e ! complet5ess ( ! picture %ews t ! priority is ) ,ezekiel4#aja ,simil>ly ! p]fection ( beauty ascrib$ to ! daught] ( ,j]usalem 9 ! second elegy#ajb rem9ds u ( ! simil> phrase t occurs m ?an once 9 ,ezekiel4#ajc ,/ill1 t prophet wrote be=e ! "t to :i* ! ,lam5tations introduce u1 & x _c be affirm$ t ,j]emiah c\ld n h se5 8 writ+s1 or w\ld n h condesc5d$ to e*o a phrase f !m4 ,a difficulty ( a broad] "* mu/ be felt 9 ! fact t ! poems !mselves give u no h9t ( ,j]emiah4 ,! appe>ance ( ! five elegies 9 ! ,hagiographa )\t any introductory notice is a grave objection to ! !ory ( a ,j]emiah au?or%ip4 ,if s fam\s a prophet _h compos$ !m1 w\ld n ?is h be5 record$8 ,ev5 9 ! ,septuag9t1 :]e !y are associat$ ) ,j]emiah1 !y are n translat$ by ! same h& z ! v]sion ( ! prophet's ackn[l$g$ works4 ,x may be t none ( ! objections :i* h be5 adduc$ aga9/ ! lat] tradition c be call$ f9al2 nor :5 reg>d$ 9 _! total =ce d !y absolutely =bid ! possibility t ,j]emiah 0 ! au?or ( ! ,lam5tations4 ,b !n ! "q is n s mu* "o ( possibility z "o ( probability4 ,we mu/ rememb] t we are deal+ ) anonym\s poems t make no claim ^u any p>ticul> au?or1 & t we h no pleas :atev]1 special or m g5]al1 on :i* to def5d ! guesses ( a mu* lat] & q uncritical age1 :5 p cultivat$ a habit ( atta*+ e %r$ ( lit]ature t _h come d[n f _! ance/ors to "s fam\s "n4 #ig ii4 #i4 #ih ,e4g4 ,j]4 xlii4 #g4 #ii ii4 #bj4 #ajj ii4 #ad4 #aja ,e4g4 ,ezek4 xii4 #bd1 xiii4 #f1 #g1 xxii4 #bh4 #ajb ,lam4 ii4 #ae4 #ajc ,ezek4 xxvii4 #c1 xxviii4 #ab4 ,fail+ ,j]emiah1 x is n possible to hit ^u any o!r kn[n p]son ) ! lea/ assurance4 ,"s h foll[$ ,buns5 9 8 conjecture t ,b>u* ! scribe may h be5 ! au?or ( ! poems4 ,o!rs h sugge/$ a memb] ( ! family ( ,%aphan1 9 :i* ,j]emiah f\nd 8 mo/ loyal fri5ds4#ajd #ajd ,see ,j]4 xxvi4 #bd1 xxix4 #c;ff1 xl4 #e4 ,x is mu* que/ion$ :e!r ! five elegies are ! "w ( "o man4 ,! second1 ! ?ird1 & ! f\r? foll[ a slightly diff]5t alphabetical arrangem5t f t :i* is employ$ 9 ! fir/--9 rev]s+ ! ord] ( two lett]s1#aje :ile ! int]nal /ructure ( ! v]ses 9 ! ?ird %ews ano!r v>iation--! ?reefold repetition ( ! acro/ic4 ,!n ! p]sonality ( ! poet em]ges m di/9ctly 9 ! ?ird elegy z ! c5tre ( int]e/--a m>k$ contra/ to ! me?od ( ! o!r poems4 ,la/ly1 ! fif? diff]s f its pr$ecessors 9 sev]al respects4 ,its l9es are %ort]2 x is n an acro/ic2 x is *iefly devot$ to ! insults heap$ ^u ! ,jews by _! enemies2 & x seems to belong to a lat] "t1 = :ile ! f\r previ\s poems treat ( ! siege ( ,j]usalem & its accompany+ tr\bles1 ?is "o is conc]n$ ) ! subsequ5t /ate ( s]vitude1 & reflects on ! ru9 ( ! nation across "s int]val ( "t4 ,?us ! poet cries-- ,:]e=e doe/ ?\ =get u = ev]1 ,& =sake u s long "t8#ajf #aje ,hebrew3 ay9 & ,hebrew3 pe4 #ajf v4 #bj4 ,a rec5t attempt to assign ! la/ two elegies to ! age ( ! ,maccabees has entirely brok5 d[n4 ,! po9ts ( agreem5t ) t age :i* h be5 adduc$ w fit ! ,babylonian p]iod equally well1 & ! mo/ significant m>ks ( ! lat] "t are entirely abs5t4 ,is x conceivable t a description ( ! p]secution by ,antio*us ,epiphanes w\ld conta9 no h9t ( ! m>tyr fidelity ( ! dev\t ,jews to _! law :i* 0 s glori\sly ma9ta9$ "u ! ,maccabees8 ,! f\r? & fif? elegies are z completely sil5t on ?is subject z ! e>li] elegies4 ,! evid5ce t po9ts to any div]sity ( au?or%ip is v feeble4 ,! fif? elegy may h be5 writt5 ye>s lat] ?an ! re/ ( ! book1 & yet x may h come f ! same s\rce1 = ! example ( ,t5nyson %ews t ! gift ( poetry is n always conf9$ to b a brief int]val 9 ! poet life4 ,! o!r di/9ctions are n ne>ly s m>k$ z "s t may be obs]v$ 9 ! recognis$ poems ( a s+le au?or--= example1 ! amaz+ diff]5ces betwe5 ! smoo? /yle ( ,! ,idylls ( ! ,k+ & ! qua9t dialect ( ,! ,nor!rn ,f>m]4 ,?\gh "s diff]5ces ( vocabul>y h be5 discov]$1 ! resemblances betwe5 all ! five poems are mu* m /rik+4 ,9 motive & _s & feel+ !y are p]fectly agre$4 ,:ile !re=e 9 our ignorance ( ! orig9 ( ! ,lam5tations1 & 9 recognition ( ! v>iations t h be5 indicat$1 we _c d5y t !y may h be5 collect$ f ! utt]ances ( two or ev5 ?ree inspir$ s\ls1 nei!r are we by any means =c$ to ass5t to ?is op9ion2 & "u ^! circum/ances x w be ju/ifiable z well z conv5i5t to ref] to ! au?or%ip ( ,lam5tations 9 t]ms expressive ( a s+le individual4 ,"o ?+ is fairly c]ta94 ,! au?or 0 a contempor>y1 an eye-witness ( ! frightful calamities he bewail$4 ,) all _! artificiality ( /ructure ^! elegies are ! outp\r+s ( a he>t mov$ by a ne> vision ( ! sc5es ( ! ,babylonian invasion4 ,! swift1 vivid pictures ( ! siege & its accompany+ mis]ies =ce ^u our m9ds ! conclusion t ! poet mu/ h mov$ 9 ! ?ick ( ! ev5ts he n>rates s graphically1 al?\gh1 unlike ,j]emiah1 he does n seem to h be5 a lead+ actor 9 !m4 ,*ildr5 cry to _! mo!rs = bread1 & fa9t ) hung] at e /reet corn]2 ! gha/ly rum\r goes =? t a "m has boil$ h] baby2 eld]s sit on ! gr\nd 9 sil5ce2 "y maid5s hang _! heads despair+2 pr9ces tremble 9 _! helplessness2 ! enemy break ?r\gh ! walls1 c>ry havoc into ! city1 insol5tly trample ! sacr$ c\rts ( ! temple2 ev5 ! prie/ & ! prophet d n escape 9 ! indiscrim9ate c>nage2 w\nd$ p are se51 ) blood ^u _! g>m5ts1 w&]+ aimlessly l bl9d m52 ! temple is de/roy$1 its ri* gold b$imm$ ) smoke1 & ! city h]self left wa/e & desolate1 :ile ! exultant victors p\r ridicule ov] ! mis]y ( _! prey4 ,a lat] g5]ation w\ld h blurr$ ! outl9e ( ^! sc5es1 reg>d+ !m ?r\gh ! %ift+ mi/s ( rum\r1 ) m or less indi/9ctness4 ,besides1 ! motive = ! composition ( su* elegies w\ld vani% ) ! lapse ( "t4 ,/ill "s few ye>s mu/ be all[$ = ! patriot's brood+ ov] ! sc5es he _h witness$1 until ! memory ( !m _h mell[$ suffici5tly = !m to become ! subjects ( song4 ,! fif? elegy1 at all ev5ts1 implies a consid]able int]val4 ,j]usalem 0 de/roy$ 9 ! ye> ,b4,c4 #ehg2 !re=e we may safely date ! poems f ab\t ,b4,c4 #eej onw>ds--i4e41 at "s "t dur+ ! second half ( ! six? c5tury4 ,:at is ( m mom5t = u to "k is t we h "h no falsetto notes1 su* z we may sometimes detect 9 ,virgil's exquisite descriptions ( ! siege ( ,troy1 = ! poet has witness$ ! fi]y ordeal ! recollection ( :i* n[ inspires 8 song4 ,?us out ( ! unequall$ woes ( ,j]usalem de/roy$ he has provid$ = all ages ! typical1 div9ely inspir$ expression ( sorr[--prim>ily ! expression ( sorr[--& !n associat$ ) ?is "s pregnant h9ts bo? ( its d>k relation%ip to s9 & ( its high] connection ) ! purposes ( ,god4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,!me ,no m pa!tic subject ev] inspir$ a poet ?an t :i* became ! !me ( ! ,lam5tations4 ,wave aft] wave ( invasion _h swept ov] ,j]usalem1 until at l5g? ! mis]able city _h be5 r$uc$ to a heap ( ru9s4 ,aft] ! decisive defeat ( ! ,egyptians at ! great battle ( ,c>*emi% dur+ ! reign ( ,jehoiakim1 ,nebu*adnezz> broke into ,j]usalem & c>ri$ (f "s ( ! sacr$ vessels f ! temple1 leav+ a disorganis$ c\ntry at ! m]cy ( ! wild tribes ( ,b$\9 f beyond ! ,jordan4 ,?ree mon?s aft] ! accession ( ,jehoiak91 ! son ( ,jehoiakim1 ! ,*aldans aga9 visit$ ! city1 pillag$ ! temple & ! royal palace1 & s5t ! fir/ b& ( captives1 consi/+ ( ! v lite ( ! citiz5s1 ) ,ezekiel among !m1 into captivity at ,babylon4 ,?is 0 only ! beg9n+ ( tr\bles4 ,z$ekiah1 :o 0 set up z a m]e vassal k+1 intrigu$ ) ,ph>aoh ,hophra1 a piece ( folly :i* call$ d[n ^u himself & 8 p ! savage v5geance ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,j]usalem n[ suff]$ all ! horrors ( a siege1 :i* la/$ = a ye> & a half4 ,fam9e & pe/il5ce prey$ ^u ! inhabitants2 & yet ! ,jews 7 hold+ out ) a /ubborn resi/ance1 :5 ! invad]s effect$ an entrance by night1 & 7 encamp$ 9 ! temple c\rt be=e ! a/oni%$ k+ 0 aw>e ( _! pres5ce4 ,z$ekiah !n imitat$ ! secrecy ( 8 enemies4 ,) a b& ( foll[]s he crept out ( "o ( ! ea/]n gates1 & fl$ d[n ! defile t[>ds ! ,jordan2 b he 0 ov]tak5 ne> ,j]i*o1 & convey$ a prison] to ,riblah2 8 sons 7 kill$ 9 8 v pres5ce1 8 eyes 7 burnt out1 & ! wret*$ man s5t 9 *a9s to ,babylon4 ,! outrages p]petrat$ aga9/ ! citiz5s at ,j]usalem z well z ! suff]+s ( ! fugitives 7 su* z are only possible 9 b>b>\s w>f>e4 ,f9ally ! city 0 raz$ to ! gr\nd & h] fam\s temple burnt4 ,! ,lam5tations bewail ! fall ( a city4 ,9 ?is respect !y are unlike ! normal type ( elegiac poetry4 ,z a rule1 ! elegy is p]sonal 9 "* & individuali/ic1 m\rn+ ! untimely dea? ( "s "o belov$ fri5d ( ! writ]4 ,x is ! revelation ( a private grief1 al?\gh ) a poet's privilege its au?or calls ^u 8 read]s to %>e 8 sorr[4 ,9 ! classic model ( ?is ord] ( v]se ,milton ju/ifies ! intrusion ( 8 di/ress ^u ! peace ( nature by exclaim+-- ,= ,lycidas is dead1 dead ere 8 prime1 ,"y ,lycidas1 & ha? n left 8 pe]4 ,:o w\ld n s+ = ,lycidas8 ,& ,%elley1 :ile treat+ 8 !me 9 an e!real1 fanta/ic way1 /ill repres5ts ,ala/or1 ! ,_s ( ,solitude1 9 ! p]son ( "o :o has j di$1 :5 he cries-- ,b ?\ art fl$1 ,l "s frail exhalation :i* ! dawn ,robes 9 its gold5 beams1--ah6 ?\ ha/ fl$6 ,! brave1 ! g5tle1 & ! beautiful1 ,! *ild ( grace & g5ius4 ,gray's well-kn[n elegy1 x is true1 is n conf9$ to ! fate ( a s+le individual2 ! *ur*y>d sugge/s ! pa!tic reflections ( ! poet on ! imag9>y lives & *>act]s ( _m pa/ inhabitants ( ! village4 ,nev]!less ^! cross ! /age "o by "o2 ! village itself has n be5 de/roy$1 l ,goldsmi?'s ,sweet ,auburn4 ,j]emiah's lam5tation on ! dea? ( ,josiah mu/ h be5 a p]sonal elegy2 s 0 ! scornful lam5t ov] ! k+ ( ,babylon 9 ,isaiah4 ,b n[ we h a diff]5t k9d ( subject 9 ! ,book ( ,lam5tations4 ,"h x is ! fate ( ,j]usalem1 ! fate ( ! city itself z well z t ( its citiz5s1 t is deplor$4 ,to r\se ! imag9ation & awak5 ! sympa?y ( ! read] ,zion is p]sonifi$1 & ?us ! poetry is assimilat$ 9 =m to ! normal elegy4 ,/ill x is important = u to take note ( ?is di/+ui%+ trait ( ! ,lam5tations2 !y bewail ! ru9 ( a city4 ,poetry inspir$ ) ?is int5tion mu/ acquire a c]ta9 bread? n f\nd 9 m p]sonal effusions4 ,too mu* indulg5ce 9 private grief _c b produce a n>r[+ effect ^u ! m9d4 ,int5se pa9 is z selfi% z int5se pleasure4 ,we may m\rn our dead until we h no room left 9 our sympa?ies = ! great ocean ( tr\bles among ! liv+ t surges r\nd ! little isl& ( our p]sonal int]e/s4 ,?is mis=tune is escap$ 9 ! ,lam5tations4 ,close z is ! poet's relations ) ! home ( 8 *ildhood1 !re is /ill "s approa* to altruism 9 8 lam5t ov] ! desolation ( ,j]usalem view$ z a :ole1 r ?an ov] ! dea? ( 8 imm$iate fri5ds alone4 ,!re is a l>g5ess1 too1 9 x4 ,we f9d x difficult to recov] ! anci5t feel+ = ! city4 ,our m important t[ns are s huge & %apeless t ! inhabitants fail to grasp ! unity1 ! :ol5ess ( ! wild]ness ( /reets & h\ses2 & yet !y s effectually ov]%ad[ ! small] t[ns t ^! places d n v5ture to assume mu* civic pride4 ,besides1 "o g5]al t5d5cy ( mod]n life is individuali/ic4 ,ev5 ! m rec5t attempts to r\se int]e/ 9 compreh5sive social que/ions are conceiv$ 9 a _s ( sympa?y = ! individual rights & ne$s ( ! p1 & d n spr+ f any great conc]n = ! prosp]ity ( ! corporation z su*4 ,no d\bt ?is is an indication ( a movem5t 9 a "r direction4 ,! old civic idea 0 too ab/ract2 x sacrific$ ! citiz5s to ! city1 beautify+ ! public build+s 9 ! mo/ co/ly mann]1 :ile ! p 7 cr[d$ 9 mis]able d5s to rot & die unse5 & unpiti$4 ,we sub/itute sanitation = spl5d\r4 ,?is is m s5sible1 m practical1 m humane1 if x is m prosaic2 = life is some?+ else ?an poetry4 ,/ill x may be wor? :ile ask+ :e!r 9 aim+ at a useful1 homely object x is s ess5tial to ab&on ! old ideal altoge!r1 because x _c be d5i$ t ! price we pay is se5 9 a c]ta9 d+9ess & commonness ( liv+4 ,is x necess>y t philan?ropy %\ld always rema9 ,phili/9e8 ,! l>g5ess ( view :i* breaks ^u u :5 we beg9 to ?9k ( ! city z a :ole r ?an only ( a numb] ( isolat$ individuals is m ?an a p]ception ( mass & magnitude4 ,! city is an organism2 & n l an animal ( ! l[] ord]s1 su* z ! anelids or c5tip$es1 9 :i* e segm5t is simply a replica ( its neighb\r1 x is an organism ma9ta9$ 9 effici5cy by means ( a great v>iety ( mutual m9i/]ies4 ,?us x is a unit 9 itself m elaborately diff]5tiat$1 & !re=e 9 a s5se high] 9 ! scale ( be+ ?an its con/itu5t elem5ts1 ! individual inhabitants4 ,! de/ruction ( a city con/itut$ 9 ?is way is a s]i\s loss to ! _w4 ,ev5 if no "o inhabitant is kill$1 & q ap>t f ! wa/e ( prop]ty & ! ru9 ( comm]ce1 ! dissolution ( ! organism leaves a trem5d\s gap4 ,! scatt]$ p may acquire a new prosp]ity 9 ! l& ( _! exile1 b /ill ! city w h vani%$4 ,! ,jews surviv$ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem2 yet :o %all e/imate ! loss t ?is de/ruction ( _! national capital involv$8 ,!n ! city be+ a def9ite organic unit has its own hi/ory1 a hi/ory :i* is imm5sely m ?an ! sum ( ! biographies ( its inhabitants--/ret*+ d[n f remote ages1 & jo9+ ! di/ant pa/ ) pres5t days4 ,"h1 !n1 "t adds to ! l>g5ess ( ! city idea4 ,! brevity ( life seems to assign a petty "p to ! individual4 ,b t brevity vani%es 9 ! long1 cont9u\s /ory ( an anci5t city4 ,a man may well be pr\d ( 8 connection ) su* a record1 unless x be "o ( wick$ness & %ame2 & ev5 9 t case 8 relations to a great city deep5 & wid5 8 life1 ?\gh ! result may be1 z x 0 ) ! dev\t ,jew1 to induce grief & humiliation4 ,b ,j]usalem _h h] records ( glory z well z h] tales ( %ame4 ,! city ( ,david & ,solomon held g>n]$ /ores ( leg5d & hi/ory1 9 ! ri* memories ( :i* ea* ( h] *ildr5 _h a h]itage4 ,! ov]?r[ ( ,j]usalem 0 ! dissipation ( a great inh]itance4 ,& ?is is n all4 ,! city has its own peculi> "*--a "* :i* is n only m ?an a summ>y ( ! morals & mann]s ( ! m5 & wom5 :o live 9 x1 b also unique :5 comp>$ ) o!r cities4 ,e city t c boa/ ( real civic life has its di/9ctive individuality2 & (t5 ?is is z /rik+ z ! individuality ( any private p]son4 ,birm+ham is v unlike ,man*e/]2 nobody c\ld mi/ake ,glasg[ = ,ed9burgh4 ,london1 ,p>is1 ,b]l91 ,rome1 ,melb\rne1 ,new ,york--ea* ( ^! cities is unique4 ,! p>ticul> city may be said to be ! only specim5 ( its k9d4 ,if "o is blott$ out ! type is lo/2 !re is no duplicate4 ,a!ns & ,sp>ta1 ,rome & ,c>?age1 ,flor5ce & ,v5ice1 7 rivals :i* c\ld nev] take ! place ( "o ano!r4 ,mo/ assur$ly ,j]usalem /ood alone1 /amp$ ) a "* :i* no o!r place 9 ! _w approa*$1 & *>g$ ) a p]fectly unique mission4 ,= su* a city to vani% (f ! face ( ! e>? 0 ! impov]i%m5t ( ! _w 9 ! loss ( :at no nation 9 all ! f\r cont95ts c\ld ev] supply4 ,9 say+ ?is we mu/ be c>eful to avoid ! ana*ronism ( read+ into ! pres5t situation ! aft] hi/ory ( ! sacr$ city & ! "* !re9 evolv$4 ,9 ! days be=e ! exile ,j]usalem 0 n ! holy place t ,ezra & ,nehemiah subsequ5tly lab\r$ to make ( x4 ,/ill look+ back across ! c5turies we c see :at p]haps ! contempor>ies c\ld n discov]1 t ! peculi> de/9y ( ,j]usalem 0 already %ap+ itself 9 hi/ory4 ,at ! "t1 to ! patriotic devotion ( ! m\rn+ ,jews1 %e 0 _! old home1 ! happy dwell+-place ( _! *ildhood1 ! %r9e ( _! fa!rs' sepul*res--,nehemiah's ?\ght ab\t ! city ev5 at a lat] date2#ajg 9 a ^w1 ! anci5t c5tre ( national life & union1 /r5g? & glory4 ,b ano!r & a high] mean+ 0 beg9n+ to ga!r ab\t ! ^w ,j]usalem1 a mean+ :i* has come 9 c\rse ( "t to give ?is city a place q solit>y & unrivall$ 9 all hi/ory4 ,j]usalem is n[ rev]$ z ! religi\s c5tre ( ! _w's life4 ,ev5 9 ?is e>ly age %e 0 beg9n+ to e>n h] l(ty "*4 ,josiah's re=mation _h s f> succe$$ t ! temple ( ,solomon _h be5 pron\nc$ ! c5tre ( ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah4 ,!n ^! elegies be> witness to ! importance ( ! national fe/ivals1 :i* 7 all held at ! capital1 & :i* 7 all ( a religi\s nature4 ,x is impossible to conjecture :at w\ld h be5 ! c\rse ( ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! _w if ,j]usalem _h be5 blott$ out = ev] at ?is p]iod ( ! life ( ! city4 ,m ?an five c5turies lat] ,jesus ,*ri/ decl>$ t ! "t _h come :5 nei!r at ! ,sam>itan m\nta9 nor at ,j]usalem %\ld m5 wor%ip ! ,fa!r1 because ,god is _s & c only be wor%ipp$ 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,?us ! possibility ( ?is spiritual wor%ip :i* 0 indep5d5t ( ! sanctity ( any place 0 a "q ( "t4 ,! "t = x _h only j arriv$ :5 our ,"l made ,8 great decl>ation4 ,( c\rse ! cal5d> c\ld n rule ?is matt]2 x 0 n ess5tially an affair ( dates4 ,b ! _w requir$ all ^? int]v5+ ages to rip5 into fitness = ! l(ty act ( purely spiritual wor%ip2 & ev5 !n ! great advance 0 n made by a process ( simple developm5t4 ,x 0 necess>y = ,*ri/ to come1 bo? to reveal ! high] nature ( wor%ip by reveal+ ! high] nature ( ,him :o 0 ! object ( wor%ip1 & also to be/[ ! spiritual grace ?r\gh :i* m5 & wom5 c\ld practise ! true wor%ip4 ,!re=e ^! v words ( our ,"l :i* proclaim ! absolute spirituality ( wor%ip = ^? :o h atta9$ to ,8 tea*+ mo/ pla9ly imply t su* wor%ip mu/ h be5 beyond ! rea* ( av]age p1 at all ev5ts1 9 e>li] ages4 ,j]usalem1 !n1 0 ne$$ to s]ve z ! cradle ( ! religion reveal$ ?r\gh h] prophets4 ,:5 h] w+s _h gr[n religion c\ld disp5se ) ! ne/2 b 9 h] unfl$g$ condition ! de/ruction ( ! local %elt] ?reat5$ ! dea? ( ! broodl+4 #ajg ,neh4 ii4 #c4 ,!re is a hopeful side to ^! reflections4 ,a city ) su* a "* may be said to be> ! se$s ( h] own revival4 ,h] individuality has t )9 x :i* fights aga9/ ext9ction4 ,to put x ano!r way1 ! idea ( ! city is too m>k$ & too attractive = its privileg$ cu/odians to let x fade out ( _! m9ds1 or to re/ satisfi$ )\t attempt+ once m to h x realis$ 9 visible =m4 ,c>?age might p]i%2 = ,c>?age _h few graces :]e) to /ir ! en?usiasm ( h] citiz5s4 ,rome1 on ! o!r h&1 _h develop$ a "* & a correspond+ de/9y ( h] own2 & !re=e %e c\ld n be blott$ out by savage ,huns or ,v&al ho/s4 ,! g5ius = gov]nm5t1 unapproa*$ by any o!r city1 c\ld n be suppress$ by ! wor/ ravages ( ! invad]4 ,ev5 :5 political supremacy _h pass$ away 9 consequ5ce ( ! vices & weakness ( ! deg5]ate citiz5s1 ! p[] t _h rul$ ! _w simply took ano!r %ape & rul$ ! ,*ur*1 ! supremacy ( ,rome 9 ! papacy succe$+ to ! supremacy ( ,rome 9 ! empire4 ,s 0 x ) ,j]usalem4 ,!re 0 immortality 9 ?is wond]ful city4 ,we may look at ! subject f two po9ts ( view4 ,fir/1 fai? 9 ,god enc\rages ! hope t su* a de/9y z is "h =e%ad[$ %\ld n be all[$ to fail4 ,s felt ! prophets :o 7 p]mitt$ to read ! c\nsels ( ,god by inspir$ insight into ! et]nal pr9ciples ( ,8 nature4 ,^! m5 7 sure t ,j]usalem mu/ rise aga9 f h] a%es because !y knew = a c]ta9ty t h] ,"l w\ld n let ,8 purposes conc]n+ h] be fru/rat$4 ,!n ev5 ) ! limit$ vision :i* is all t c be atta9$ f ! l[] plat=m ( hi/orical criticism1 we may see t ,j]usalem _h acquir$ su* an immortal place 9 ! e/imation ( ! ,jews1 t ! p mu/ h clung to ! idea ( a re/oration till x 0 realis$4 ,to say ?is is to %ew t ! realisation c\ld n b be accompli%$4 ,su* passionate regrets z ^? ( ! ,lam5tations are se$s ( hope4 ,may we g "o /ep fur!r8 ,is n e true & deep regret a prophecy ( re/oration8 ,!re is an irrecov]able pa/1 x mu/ be own$4 ,t is to say1 ! days t are gone _c return1 nor c de$s once done ev] be undone2 ! future w nev] be an exact repetition ( ! pa/4 ,b all ?is does n =bid ! assurance t !re may be g5u9e re/oration4 ,j]usalem re/or$ 0 v unlike ! city ^: fate ! elegi/ bewail$2 nev]!less %e 0 re/or$1 & t ) h] ess5tial *>act]i/ics m pron\nc$ ?an ev]4 ,h5ce=? %e 0 to be mo/ completely :at h] e>li] hi/ory _h only fa9tly adumbrat$--! typical seat ( religion4 ,?us1 ?\gh ! ,lam5tations are n at all *e]+ or prophetic 9 tone1 or ev5 9 int5tion1 b ! v rev]se1 :olly m\rnful & despond5t1 we may /ill detect1 9 ! v int5sity & p]si/5ce ( ! sorr[ !y portray1 gleams ( hope = bett] days4 ,!re is no hope 9 /olid indiff]5ce2 x is 9 ! p5it5t's te>s t we discov] ! prospect ( 8 am5dm5t4 ,rep5tance weeps = ! pa/1 b at ! same "t x looks =w>d ) a *ang$ m9d t is ! promise ( bett] ?+s to come4 ,:y %\ld n we apply ^! ideas t spr+ f a consid]ation ( ! five ,hebrew elegies to o!r elegies--to ! dirges t m\rn ! lov$ & dead8 ,if we c\ld will+ly let ! dep>t$ drop out ( ?\ght we might h little gr\nd = believ+ we %\ld ev] see !m aga94 ,b sorr[ = ! dead immortalises !m 9 memory4 ,9 a mat]iali/ic view ( ! univ]se t might mean no?+ b ! p]petuity ( a s5tim5t4 ,b !n x may by itself help u to p]ceive ! sup]ficiality1 ! utt] fals5ess ( su* a view4 ,?us ,t5nyson sees ! answ] to ! cru%+ d\bts ( mat]ialism & ! assurance ( immortality = ! dep>t$ 9 ! /r5g? ( ! love ) :i* !y are *]i%$3 ,:at is x all if we all ( u end b 9 be+ our own corpse c(f9s at la/1 ,swall[$ 9 ,va/ness1 lo/ 9 ,sil5ce1 dr[n$ 9 ! deeps ( a mean+less ,pa/6 ,:at b a murmur ( gnats 9 ! gloom1 or a mom5t's ang] ( bees 9 _! hive8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,peace1 let x be6 = ,i lov$ him1 & love him = ev]4 ,! dead are n dead1 b alive4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,desolation i4 #a-g4 ,! fir/ elegy is devot$ to mov+ pictures ( ! desolation ( ,j]usalem & ! suff]+s ( h] p4 ,x dwells ^u ^! disa/]s !mselves1 ) few] ref]5ces to ! causes ( !m or ! hope ( any rem$y ?an are to be f\nd 9 ! subsequ5t poems1 simply to express ! mis]y ( ! :ole /ory4 ,?us x is 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w a ,lam5tation4 ,x naturally divides itself into two p>ts--"o ) ! poet speak+ 9 8 own p]son1#ajh ! o!r repres5t+ ! des]t$ city h]self appeal+ to pass+ /rang]s & neighb\r+ nations1 & la/ly to ,god1 to take note ( h] woes4#aji #ajh i4 #a-aa4 #aji i4 #ab-bb4 ,! poem op5s ) a v beautiful passage 9 :i* we h a comp>ison ( ,j]usalem to a wid[ b]eft ( h] *ildr51 sitt+ solit>y 9 ! night1 weep+ sorely4 ,x w\ld n be j to read into ! image ( wid[hood ideas collect$ f utt]ances ( ! prophets ab\t ! w$d$ union ( ,israel & h] ,"l2 we h no h9t ( any?+ ( ! sort "h4 ,app>5tly ! image is select$ 9 ord] to express ! m vividly ! utt] lonesom5ess ( ! city4 ,x is cle> t ! attribute solit>y has no be>+ on ! ext]nal relations ( ,j]usalem--h] isolation among ! ,syrian hills1 or ! des]tion ( h] allies1 m5tion$ a little lat]2#aaj x po9ts to a m gho/ly solitude1 /reets )\t traffic1 t5antless h\ses4 ,! wid[ is solit>y because %e has be5 robb$ ( h] *ildr54 ,& 9 ?is1 h] desolation1 %e sits4 ,! attitude1 s simple & natural & easy "u ord9>y circum/ances1 "h sugge/s a settl$ cont9uance ( wret*$ness2 x is helpless & hopeless4 ,! fir/ wild agony ( ! sev]ance ( ! close/ natural ties has pass$1 & ) x ! /imulus ( conflict2 n[ !re has sup]v5$ ! dull monotony ( despair4 ,?is is ! l[e/ dep? ( mis]y1 because x all[s leisure :5 leisure is lea/ welcome1 because x gives ! re9s to ! imag9ation to roam ov] regions ( he>t-r5d+ memory or sombre appreh5sion1 above all because !re is no?+ to be done1 s t ! :ole range ( consci\sness is ab&on$ to pa94 ,_m a suff]] has be5 sav$ by ! heal+ m9i/ry ( active duties1 sometimes res5t$ z an intrusion4 ,x is a fe>ful ?+ simply to sit 9 sorr[4 #aaj i4 #b4 ,! m\rn] sits 9 ! night1 :ile ! _w ar\nd lies 9 ! peace ( sleep4 ,! d>kness has fall51 yet %e does n /ir1 = day & night are alike to h]--bo? d>k4 ,%e is /atuesque 9 sorr[1 petrifi$ by pa91 & yet unhappily n dead2 b5umb$1 b alive 9 e s5sitive fibre ( h] be+ & t]ribly awake4 ,9 ?is dread night ( mis]y h] "o occupation is weep+4 ,! m\rn] kn[s h[ ! hidd5 f\nta9s ( te>s :i* h be5 seal$ to ! _w = ! day w break out 9 ! sil5t solitude ( night2 !n ! brave/ w wet 8 c\* ) 8 te>s4 ,! =lorn woman weepe? sore2 to use ! expressive ,hebraism1 weep+ %e weepe?4 ,h] te>s are on h] *eeks2 !y are cont9ually fl[+2 %e has no ?\ght ( dry+ !m2 !re is no "o else to wipe !m away4 ,?is is n ! frantic torr5t ( y\?ful te>s1 soon to be =gott5 9 sudd5 sun%9e1 l a spr+ %[]2 x is ! dre>y w9t] ra91 fall+ m sil5tly1 b f lead5 cl\ds t nev] break4 ,! ,hebrew poet's picture is illu/rat$ ) s+ul> aptness by a ,roman co91 /ruck (f 9 commemoration ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! army ( ,titus1 :i* repres5ts a woman seat$ "u a palm tree ) ! leg5d ,juda capta4 ,is x too mu* to imag9e t "s ,greek arti/ atta*$ to ! c\rt ( ,vespasian may h borr[$ ! idea = ! co9 f ! ,septuag9t v]sion ( ?is v passage8 ,! woe ( ,j]usalem is int5sifi$ by reason ( its contra/ ) ! previ\s spl5d\r ( ! pr\d city4 ,%e _h n always appe>$ z a lonely wid[4 ,=m]ly %e _h held a high place among ! neighb\r+ nations--= did %e n *]i% memories ( ! great days ( h] %eph]d k+ & ,solomon ! magnific5t8 ,!n %e rul$ prov9ces2 n[ %e is h]self tribut>y4 ,%e _h lov]s 9 ! old times--a fact :i* po9ts to faults ( "* n fur!r pursu$ at pres5t4 ,h[ opposite is ! utt]ly des]t$ /ate into :i* %e is n[ sunk6 ,?is ?\ght ( a trem5d\s fall gives ! greate/ =ce to ! portrait4 ,x is ,rembr&tesque2 ! black %ad[s on ! =egr\nd are ! deep] because !y /& %>ply out aga9/ ! brilliant radiance t /reams 9 f ! sunset ( ! pa/4 ,! pitiabl5ess ( ! com=tless pres5t lies 9 ?is1 t !re _h be5 lov]s ^: consolations w\ld n[ h be5 a solace2 ! bitt]ness ( ! enmity n[ exp]i5c$ is its hav+ be5 di/ill$ f ! dregs ( poison$ fri5d%ip4 ,aga9/ ! prote/s ( h] fai?ful prophets ,j]usalem _h c\rt$ alliance ) h] hea!n neighb\rs1 only to be cruelly des]t$ 9 h] h\r ( ne$4 ,x is ! old /ory ( fri5d%ip ) ! _w1 ke5ly acc5tuat$ 9 ! life ( ,israel1 because ?is fav\r$ p _h already se5 glimpses ( a ri*1 r>e privilege1 ! fri5d%ip ( ,heav54 ,?is is ! irony ( ! situation2 x is ! tragic irony ( all ,hebrew hi/ory4 ,:y 7 ^! p s bl9dly infatuat$ t !y w\ld be p]petually =sak+ ! liv+ wat]s1 & hew+ out to !mselves brok5 ci/]ns t c\ld hold no wat]8 ,! "q is only surpass$ by t ( ! simil> folly on ! "p ( ^? ( u :o foll[ _! example 9 spite ( ! w>n+ _! fate af=ds1 fail+ to see t true fri5d%ip is too exact+ = ties spun f m]e conv5i5ce or sup]ficial pleasantness to be> ! /ra9 ( its m s]i\s claims4 ,pass+ on f ! poetic image to a m direct view ( ! dre> facts ( ! case1 ! au?or describes ! h>d%ips ( ! fugitives--p :o _h fl$ to ,egypt1 ! retreat ( ,j]emiah & 8 companions4 ,?is mu/ be ! be>+ ( ! passage :i* our translators r5d]-- ,judah is gone into captivity because ( affliction1 & because ( great s]vitude4 ,= if ! topic 7 ! captivity at ,babylon x w\ld be difficult to see h[ affliction & great s]vitude c\ld be treat$ z ! causes ( t disa/]2 7 !y n r its effects8 ,two solutions ( ?is difficulty h be5 propos$4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! captivity is "h pres5t$ z a consequ5ce ( ! misconduct ( ! ,jews 9 oppress+ peoples subject to !m4 ,b ! ab/ract words w n readily be> any su* mean+2 we %\ld h expect$ "s m explicit *>ge4 ,!n x has be5 propos$ to read ! words out ( affliction1 etc41 9 place ( ! phrase because ( affliction1 etc41 z ?\gh 9 escap+ f tr\ble at home ! ,jews _h only pass$ into a new mis=tune abroad4 ,?is is n s simple an explanation ( ! poet's language z t at :i* we arrive by ! p]fectly legitimate sub/itution ( ! ^w exile = captivity4 ,x may seem /range t ! /atem5t %\ld be affirm$ ( ,judah1 z ?\gh ! :ole nation _h escap$ to ,egypt2 b x w\ld be equally inexact to say t ,judah 0 c>ri$ captive to ,babylon1 see+ t only a selection f ! upp] classes 0 deport$1 :ile ! majority ( ! p 0 probably left 9 ! l&4 ,b s _m ( ! ,jews1 especially ^? be/ kn[n to ! poet1 7 9 volunt>y exile1 t x 0 q natural = him to reg>d !m z virtually ! nation4 ,n[ ^u ^! refugees ?ree tr\bles fall4 ,fir/1 ! asylum is a hea!n c\ntry1 abom9able to pi\s ,israelites4 ,second1 ev5 "h ! fugitives h no re/2 !y are n all[$ to settle d[n2 !y are p]petually mole/$4 ,?ird1 on ! way ?i!r !y are h>ass$ by ! enemy4 ,!y are ov]tak5 by pursu]s )9 ! /raits1 a /atem5t :i* may be read lit]ally2 b&s ( ,*aldans w\ld hov] ab\t ! m\nta9s1 ready to p\nce ^u ! disorganis$ gr\ps ( fugitives z !y made _! way ?r\gh ! n>r[ defiles t l$ out ( ! hill c\ntry to ! s\!rn pla9s4 ,b ! phrase is a famili> ,hebraism = difficulties g5]ally4 ,no d\bt x 0 true ( ! ,jews 9 ?is l>g] s5se t _! oppon5ts took advantage ( _! /rait5$ circum/ances to vex !m 9 e possible way4 ,?is is j 9 accordance ) ! common exp]i5ce ( mank9d all ! _w ov]4 ,b :ile ! fact ( ! exp]i5ce is obvi\s1 ! inf]5ce to :i* x po9ts l an arr[ is ob/9ately elud$4 ,?us a comm]cial man 9 f9ancial /raits loses 8 cr$it at ! v mom5t :5 he mo/ ne$s x4 ,we _c say t ?is is a pro( ( spite1 or ev5 a sign ( cynical indiff]5ce2 because ! ne$y p]son is really mo/ untru/wor?y1 ?\gh 8 moral integrity may be un%ak51 see+ t 8 circum/ances make x probable t he w be unable to fulfil 8 obligations4 ,b n[ x is ! deep] significance ( ?is fact t is s p]si/5tly ignor$4 ,!re is p]ceptible at times 9 nature a law ( comp5sation by ! op]ation ( :i* mis=tune is mitigat$2 b t m]ciful law is frequ5tly ?w>t$ by ! ov]be>+ influ5ce ( ! t]rible law ( ! survival ( ! fitte/1 ! gospel ( ! =tunate1 b ! dea?-knell = all failures4 ,if ?is is s 9 nature1 mu* m does x obta9 9 human society s long z selfi% gre$ is un*eck$ by high] pr9ciples4 ,!n ! _w1 ! ,godless _w1 c be no asylum = ! mis]able & un=tunate1 because x w be h>d ^u !m 9 exact proportion to ! extremity ( _! necessities4 ,moreov]1 ! p]ception t ?is bitt] tru? is n a fruit ( tempor>y passions :i* may be re/ra9$ by education1 b ! outcome ( c]ta9 p]si/5t pr9ciples :i* _c be set aside :ile society reta9s its pres5t con/itution1 gives to x ! adamant9e /r5g? ( de/9y4 ,com+ ne>] to ! city 9 8 m5tal vision1 ! poet next bewails des]t$ roads2 ^? ways ( ,zion up :i* ! holiday folks us$ to troop1 clad 9 gay g>m5ts1 ) songs ( rejoic+1 are left s lonely t x seems z ?\gh !y !mselves mu/ be m\rn+4 ,x is 9 keep+ ) ! imag]y ( ^! poems :i* p]sonify ! city1 to end[ ! v roads ) fanci$ consci\sness4 ,?is is a natural result ( int5se emotion1 & !re=e a witness to its v int5sity4 ,x seems z ?\gh ! v e>? mu/ %>e 9 ! feel+s ( ! man ^: he>t is /irr$ to its dep?s2 z ?\gh all ?+s mu/ be fill$ ) ! passion ! waves ( :i* fl[ out to ! horizon ( 8 consci\sness1 till ! v /ones cry out4 ,z he approa*es ! city1 ! poet is /ruck ) a /range1 sad sight4 ,!re are no p ab\t ! gates2 yet "h1 if any:]e1 we %\ld expect to meet n only travell]s pass+ ?r\gh1 b also gr\ps ( m51 m]*ants at _! traffic1 arbitrators settl+ disputes1 fri5ds ex*ang+ confid5ces1 idl]s l\ng+ ab\t & *ew+ ! cud ( ! late/ gossip1 begg>s w9n+ = alms2 = by ! gates are m>kets1 al fresco tribunals1 op5 spaces = public meet+s4 ,=m]ly ! life ( ! city 0 "h conc5trat$2 n[ no trace ( life is to be se5 ev5 at ^! social ganglia4 ,! des]tion & sil5ce ( ! gateways gives a %ock ( di/ress to ! visitor on ent]+ ! ru9$ city4 ,m disappo9tm5ts await him )9 ! walls4 ,/ill keep+ 9 m9d ! idea ( ! national fe/ivals1 & accompany+ ! c\rse ( !m 9 imag9ation1 ! poet goes up to ! temple4 ,no s]vices are proce$+2 any prie/s :o may be f\nd /ill haunt+ ! prec9cts ( ! *>r$ ru9s c only sigh ov] _! en=c$ idl5ess2 ! girl-*ori/]s ^: voices w\ld r+ ?r\gh ! porticoes 9 ! old times1 are sil5t & desolate1 = _! "m1 ,j]usalem1 is h]self 9 bitt]ness4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! elegy our att5tion is direct$ to ! cessation ( ! happy national assemblies ) _! accompanim5t ( public wor%ip 9 songs ( praise = h>ve/ & v9tage & 9 ! awful symbolism ( ! alt>4 ,! "n ,zion 0 associat$ ) two ?+s1 fe/ivity & wor%ip4 ,x 0 a happy privilege = ,israel to h _h ! inspir$ insight z well z ! c\rage ( fai? to realise ! conjunction4 ,ev5 ) ! full] light & l>g] lib]ty ( ,*ri/ianity x is r>ely ackn[l$g$ among u4 ,our s]vices h too mu* ( ! fun]al dirge ab\t !m4 ,! dev\t ,israelite res]v$ 8 dirge = ! dea? ( 8 wor%ip4 ,x does n seem to h occurr$ to ! poet t anybody c\ld come to reg>d wor%ip z an irksome duty f :i* he w\ld gladly be lib]at$4 ,are we1 !n1 to suppose t ! ,israelites :o practis$ ! crude cult t 0 preval5t be=e ! ,exile1 ev5 among ! true s]vants ( ,jehovah1 7 inde$ m dev\t ?an ,*ri/ians :o enjoy ! privileges ( _! ri*] revelation8 ,sc>cely s2 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t we are call$ to a m spiritual & !re=e a m difficult wor%ip4 ,inw>d s9c]ity is "h ( supreme importance2 if ?is is miss+ !re is no wor%ip1 & )\t x ! mis]able unreality becomes inexpressibly we>isome4 ,no d\bt x is ! failure to rea* ! r>e altitude ( its l(ty ideal t makes ,*ri/ian wor%ip to appe> 9 ! eyes ( _m to be a melan*oly p]=mance4 ,b ?is explanation %\ld n be p]mitt$ to obscure ! fact t true1 liv+1 spiritual wor%ip mu/ be a v delightful ex]cise ( ! s\l4 ,p]haps "o reason :y ?is tru? is n suffici5tly appreciat$ may be f\nd 9 ! v facility ) :i* ! outw>d means ( wor%ip are pres5t$ to u4 ,p :o are seldom out ( ! s\nd ( *ur* bells are incl9$ to gr[ deaf to _! significance4 ,! ,roman ,*ri/ian hunt$ 9 ! catacombs1 ! ,wald5sian hid+ 9 8 m\nta9 cave1 ! ,cov5ant] meet+ 8 fell[ memb]s ( ! kirk 9 a remote highl& gl51 ! backwoodsman walk+ fifty miles to att5d ,div9e s]vice once 9 six mon?s1 are l$ by difficulty & deprivation to p]ceive ! value ( public wor%ip 9 a degree :i* is surpris+ to p among :om x is m]ely an incid5t ( e-day life4 ,:5 ,zion 0 9 a%es ! memory ( h] fe/ivals 0 encircl$ ) a halo ( regret4 ,9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ( con/ruction :i* he foll[s ?r\gh\t--! height5+ ( ! effect ( ! picture by pres5t+ a succession ( contra/s--! poet next sets ! prosp]ity ( ! enemies ( ,j]usalem 9 close juxtaposition to ! mis]y ( ^? ( h] p 9 :om x is mo/ pitiable & />tl+1 ! *ildr5 & ! pr9ces4 ,m5 ) any he>t 9 !m w\ld wi% above all ?+s t ! innoc5t "y memb]s ( _! families %\ld be sp>$2 yet ! captives c>ri$ (f to ,babylon consi/$ pr9cipally ( boys & girls torn f _! homes1 convey$ hundr$s ( miles across ! des]t1 _m ( !m dragg$ d[n to hide\s degradation by ! vices t luxuriat$ 9 ! corrupt empire ( ! ,euphrates4 ,! o!r class ( victims specially comm5t$ on is t ( ! pr9ces4 ,n only is ! pres5t humiliation ( ! nobility 9 %>p contra/ to _! =m] elevation ( rank1 & !re=e _! suff]+s ! m acute1 b x is also to be obs]v$ t _! old position ( lead]%ip has be5 completely rev]s$4 ,! ref]5ce mu/ be to ,z$ekiah & 8 c\rti]s4#aaa ,^! pr\d pr9ces :o =m]ly ex]cis$ comm& ov] ! multitude h become a %ameful flock ( fugitives4 ,9 ! expressive image ( ! poet1 !y are comp>$ to h>ts t f9d no pa/ure2 !y are l fleet wild de]1 s c[$ by hung] t !y meekly p]mit !mselves to be driv5 by _! enemies j z if !y 7 a h]d ( tame cattle4 #aaa ,j]4 xxxix4 #d1 #e4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is comp>ison betwe5 ! success ( ! conqu]ors & ! fate ( _! victims ! poet ins]ts a pregnant s5t5ce :i* sudd5ly c>ries u (f to regions ( f> m pr(\nd reflection1 t\*+ ^u ! two s\rces ( ! ru9 ( ,j]usalem t lie beh9d ! visible h& ( ,nebu*adnezz> & 8 ho/s1 h] own s9 & ! consequ5t wra? ( h] ,god4 ,x fla%es out z a mom5t>y ?\ght1 & !n retires ) equal sudd5ness1 p]mitt+ ! previ\s curr5t ( reflections to be resum$ z ?\gh unaffect$ by ! />tl+ int]ruption4 ,?is ?\ght w reappe>1 h[ev]1 ) increas+ fulness1 %ew+ t x is always pres5t to ! m9d ( ! poet & ready to come to ! surface at any mom5t1 ev5 :5 x w\ld seem to be inappropriate1 al?\gh x c nev] be really inappropriate1 because x is ! key to ! my/]y ( ! :ole trag$y4 ,la/ly1 :ile ! s5se ( a /rong contra/ is excit$ objectively by a comp>ison ( ! placid security ( ! invad]s ) ! degradation ( ! fugitives1 subjectively x is mo/ vividly realis$ by ! suff]]s !mselves :5 !y call to m9d _! =m] happ9ess4 ,j]usalem is suppos$ to fall into a rev]ie 9 :i* %e foll[s ! recollection ( ! :ole s]ies ( h] pleasant exp]i5ces f f>-(f bygone times ?r\gh an ! succe$+ ages fl[n to ! pres5t era ( calamities4 ,?is is to indulge 9 ! pa9s ( memory--pa9s :i* are decid$ly m acute ?an ! correspond+ pleasures celebrat$ by ,samuel ,rog]s4 ,^! pa9s are d\bly int5se ow+ to ! inevitable fact t ! contra/ is unnaturally /ra9$4 ,view$ 9 ! s(t5$ lights ( memory1 ! pa/ is /rangely simplifi$1 its mix$ "* is =gott51 & _m ( its unpleasant features are smoo!d out1 s t an idyllic *>m hov]s ov] ! dream1 & l5ds x an une>?ly beauty4 ,?is is :y s _m p fooli%ly damp ! hopes ( *ildr51 :o1 if !y are heal?ily con/itut$1 ought to be anticipat+ ! future ) eag]ness1 by solemnly exhort+ !m to make hay :ile ! sun %9es1 ) ! gloomy w>n+ t ! sunny season mu/ soon pass4 ,_! application ( ! motto c>pe diem is n only pagan 9 _s2 x is f\nd$ on an illusion4 ,happily !re is "s unreality ab\t mo/ ( our ye>n+ regrets = ! days t h gone4 ,t sweet1 fair pa/ 0 n s radiant z its effigy 9 ! dreaml& ( memory n[ appe>s to be2 nor is ! h>d pres5t s free f mitigat+ circum/ances z we suppose4 ,& yet1 :5 all is said1 we _c f9d ! consolation we hung] aft] 9 h\rs ( d>kness among b>e conclusions ( common-s5se4 ,! grave is n an illusion1 at lea/ :5 only view$ 9 ! light ( ! pa/ ?\gh ev5 ?is *ill1 e>?y reality beg9s to melt into a %ad[ imm$iately ! light ( ! et]nal future falls ^u x4 ,! melan*oly t lam5ts ! lo/ pa/ c only be p]fectly ma/]$ by t ,*ri/ian grace1 ! hope :i* presses =w>d to a bett] future4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,s9 ,,& ,,suff]+ i4 #h-aa ,! doctr9aire rig\r ( ,judaism 9 its uncompromis+ association ( moral & physical evils has l$ to an unreasonable disreg>d = ! solid tru? :i* lies beh9d ?is mi/ake4 ,x c sc>cely be said t m5 are n[ p]plex$ by ! problem t inspir$ ! ,book ( ,job4 ,! fall ( ! t[] ( ,siloam or ! bl9dness ( a man f 8 bir? w\ld n />t among u ! vexati\s que/ions :i* 7 rais$ 9 ! days ( our ,"l4 ,we h n accept$ ! ,jewi% !ory t ! puni%m5t ( s9 always ov]takes ! s9n] 9 ?is life1 mu* less h we ass5t$ to ! by no means necess>y coroll>y t all calamities are ! direct p5alties ( ! misconduct ( ! suff]]s1 & !re=e sure signs ( guilt4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy is 9 ! opposite direction2 x goes to ignore ! exi/5ce ( any connection :atev] betwe5 ! c\rse ( ! univ]se & human conduct4 ,no int]f]5ce ) ! uni=mity ( ! laws ( nature = retributive or discipl9>y purposes c be admitt$4 ,! ma*9]y runs on 9 its grooves nev] deflect$ by any reg>d = our good or bad des]ts4 ,if we da% ourselves aga9/ its :eels !y w te> u to pieces1 gr9d u to p[d]2 & we may reasonably consid] ?is treatm5t to be ! natural puni%m5t ( our folly4 ,b "h we are n beyond physical causation1 & ! drift ( ?\ght is t[>ds hold+ ! belief 9 any?+ m to be a simple survival f primitive an?ropomorphic ideas ( nature1 a pure sup]/ition4 ,is x a pure sup]/ition8 ,x is "t we turn$ to ano!r side ( ! "q4 ,e /rong conviction t has obta9$ wide recognition1 h[ev] errone\s & mis*iev\s x may be1 c be trac$ back to ! abuse ( "s solid tru?4 ,x is n ! case t ! univ]se is con/ruct$ )\t any reg>d = moral laws4 ,ev5 ! natural puni%m5t ( ! violation ( natural laws conta9s a c]ta9 e?ical elem5t4 ,o!r consid]ations ap>t1 cle>ly x is wrong to injure "o's heal? or endang] "o's life by ru%+ headlong aga9/ ! con/itut$ ord] ( ! univ]se2 !re=e ! consequ5ces ( su* conduct may be tak5 z signs ( its condemnation4 ,9 ! case ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,jews lam5t$ by our poet ! calamities 7 n prim>ily ( a physical orig92 !y grew out ( human acts--! accompanim5ts ( ! ,*aldan invasion4 ,:5 we come to ! evolution ( hi/ory we are introduc$ to a :ole _w ( moral =ces t are n at "w 9 ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,nebu*adnezz> did n "k t he 0 ! in/rum5t ( a ,high] ,p[] = ! *a/isem5t ( ,israel2 b ! corruptions ( ! ,jews1 s ru?lessly expos$ by _! prophets1 _h und]m9$ ! national vig\r :i* is ! *ief safegu>d ( a /ate1 z surely z at a lat] "t ! corruptions ( ,rome op5$ h] gates to deva/at+ ho/s ( ,go?s & ,huns4 ,may we n g fur!r1 &1 pass+ beyond ! region ( common obs]vation1 discov] ri*] indications ( ! e?ical mean+s ( ev5ts 9 ! application to !m ( a real fai? 9 ,god8 ,x 0 8 pr(\nd !ism t lay at ! base ( ! ,jew's conception ( temporal retribution1 crude1 h>d1 & n>r[ z ?is 04 ,if we believe t ,god is supreme ov] nature & hi/ory z well z ov] individual lives1 we mu/ conclude t ,he w use e prov9ce ( ,8 va/ dom9ion s z to fur!r ,8 righte\s purposes4 ,if ! same ,_s reigns ?r\gh\t !re mu/ be a c]ta9 h>mony betwe5 all p>ts ( ,8 gov]nm5t4 ,! mi/ake ( ! ,jew 0 8 claim to int]pret ! details ( ?is ,div9e adm9i/ration ) a sole reg>d = ! m9ute fraction ( ! univ]se t came "u 8 own eyes1 ) blank indiff]5ce to ! va/ realm ( facts & pr9ciples ( :i* he c\ld "k no?+4 ,8 idea ( ,provid5ce 0 too %ortsight$1 too p>o*ial1 9 e respect too small2 yet x 0 true 9 s f> z x regi/]$ ! conviction t !re mu/ be an e?ical "* 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w by a righte\s ,god1 t ! div9ely ord]$ c\rse ( ev5ts _c be out ( all relation to conduct4 ,x does n fall 9 ) ! plan ( ! ,lam5tations = ?is subject to be treat$ s fully 9 ^! poems z x is 9 ! /irr+ exhortations ( ! great prophets4 ,yet x comes to ! surface repeat$ly4 ,9 ! fif? v]se ( ! fir/ elegy ! poet attributes ! affliction ( ,zion to ! multitude ( h] transgressions2 & he introduces ! eigh? v]se ) ! cle> decl>ation-- ,j]usalem ha? griev\sly s9n$2 !re=e %e has become an unclean ?+4 ,! p[]ful ,hebrew idiom accord+ to :i* ! cognate sub/ance foll[s ! v]b is "h employ$4 ,r5d]$ lit]ally1 ! op5+ phrase is1 s9n$ s94 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! *a/isem5t leads to a ke5 p]ception ( ! guilt t prec$es x4 ,?is is m ?an a consequ5ce ( ! application ( ! accept$ doctr9e ( ! connection ( s9 ) suff]+ to a p>ticul> case4 ,no intellectual !ory is /rong en\gh by itself to awak5 a slumb]+ consci5ce4 ,! logic may be faultless2 & yet ev5 ?\gh ! po9t ( ! syllogism is n evad$ x w be coolly ignor$4 ,tr\ble ar\ses a torpid consci5ce 9 a mu* m direct & effectual way4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x %att]s ! pride :i* is ! *ief h9drance to ! confession ( s94 ,!n x compels reflection2 x calls a halt1 & makes u look back ov] ! pa? we may h be5 foll[+ too he$lessly4 ,sometimes x seems to ex]cise a di/9ctly illum9at+ influ5ce4 ,x is z ?\gh scales _h fall5 f ! suff]]'s eyes2 he sees all ?+s 9 a new light1 & "s ugly facts :i* _h be5 ly+ at 8 side = ye>s disreg>d$ sudd5ly gl>e ^u him z horrible discov]ies4 ,?us ! ,prodigal ,son p]ceives t he has s9n$ bo? aga9/ ,heav5 & aga9/ 8 fa!r :5 he is 9 ! l[e/ dep?s ( mis]y1 n s mu* because he recognises a p5al "* 9 8 tr\bles1 b m on acc\nt ( ! fact t he has come to himself4 ,?is subjective1 psy*ological connection betwe5 suff]+ & s9 is indep5d5t ( any dogma ( retribution2 = ! ends ( practical discipl9e x is ! mo/ important connection4 ,we may waive all discussion ( ! anci5t ,jewi% problem1 & /ill be ?ankful to recognise ! ,elijah-l m9i/ry ( adv]sity4 ,! imm$iate effect ( ?is vision ( s9 is t a new col\r is giv5 to ! picture ( ! desolation ( ,j]usalem4 ,! image ( a mis]able woman is pres]v$1 b ! dignity ( ! e>li] sc5e is miss+ "h4 ,pa?os & poetry ga!r r\nd ! picture ( ! =lorn wid[ weep+ = ! loss ( h] *ildr54 ,neglect$ & humbl$ z %e is 9 worldly e/ate1 ! tragic va/ness ( h] sorr[ has exalt$ h] to an altitude ( moral sublimity4 ,su* suff]+ breaks ?r\gh ^? b>ri]s ( conv5tional exp]i5ce :i* make _m lives look mean & trivial4 ,x is s awful t we _c b reg>d x ) rev]5ce4 ,b all ?is is alt]$ 9 ! aspect ( ,j]usalem :i* foll[s ! confession ( h] great s94 ,9 ! fre$om ( anci5t language ! poet v5tures on an illu/ration t w\ld be reg>d$ z too gross = mod]n lit]ature4 ,! limits ( our art exclude subjects :i* excite a s5sation ( disgu/2 b ?is is j ! s5sation ! au?or ( ! elegy delib]ately aims at produc+4 ,he pa9ts a picture :i* is simply int5d$ to sick5 8 read]s4 ,! utt] humiliation ( ,j]usalem is exhibit$ 9 ! unavoidable exposure ( a condition :i* natural mode/y w\ld conceal at any co/4 ,ano!r contra/ betwe5 ! res]ve ( our mod]n /yle & ! rude bluntness ( antiquity is "h app>5t4 ,x is n only t we h gr[n m ref9$ 9 language--a v sup]ficial *ange :i* might be no bett] ?an ! :itewa%+ ( sepul*res2 ov] & above ?is civilis+ ( m]e mann]s1 ! effect ( ,teutonic habits1 /r5g!n$ by ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts1 has be5 to develop a respect = woman undream$ ( 9 ! old ,ea/]n _w4 ,x may be add$ t ! sci5tific temp] ( rec5t times has taught u t !re is no?+ really di%on\r+ 9 purely natural processes4 ,! anci5t _w c\ld n di/+ui% betwe5 delicacy & %ame4 ,we %\ld reg>d a poor suff]+ woman ^: mode/y _h be5 griev\sly w\nd$ ) simple commis]ation2 ! anci5t ,jews treat$ su* a p]son ) disgu/ z an unclean creature1 q unable to see t _! conduct 0 simply brutal4 ,! new aspect ( ! mis]y ( ,j]usalem is ?us set =? z "o ( degradation & ignom9y4 ,! vision ( s9 is imm$iately foll[$ by a sc5e ( %ame4 ,comm5tators h be5 divid$ ov] ! "q :e!r ?is picture ( ! humiliat$ woman is int5d$ to apply to ! s9 ( ! city or only to h] mis=tunes4 ,9 fav\r ( ! =m] view1 x may be rem>k$ t uncleanness is di/9ctly associat$ ) moral corruption3 ! connection is ! m appropriate "h inasmu* z a confession ( s9 imm$iately prec$es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! att5dant circum/ances po9t to ! second int]pretation4 ,x is ! humiliation ( ! condition ( ! suff]]1 r ?an t condition itself1 :i* is dwelt ^u4 ,j]usalem is despis$1 %e sighe?1 is come d[n wond]fully1 ha? no com=t]1 & is g5]ally afflict$ & oppress$ by h] enemies4 ,b :ile we are l$ to reg>d ! pitiable picture z a repres5tation ( ! w(ul plight into :i* ! pr\d city has fall51 we _c conclude x to be an accid5t t ?is p>ticul> phase ( h] mis]y succe$s ! m5tion ( h] great guilt4 ,aft] all1 x is only ! und]ly+ guilt t c ju/ify a v]dict :i* c>ries disgrace z well z suff]+ = its p5alty4 ,ev5 :5 ! judgm5ts ( m5 are too confus$ to recognise ?is tru? ) reg>d to o!r p1 x %\ld be app>5t to ! consci5ce ( ! humiliat$ p]son himself4 ,! humiliation :i* foll[s no?+ worse ?an a fall into ext]nal mis=tunes is b a sup]ficial tr\ble1 & ! consci\sness ( innoc5ce c enable "o to submit to x )\t any s5se ( inw>d %ame4 ,! /+ ( contempt lies 9 ! mis]able consci\sness t x is des]v$4 ,?us we see ! puni%m5t ( s9 consi/+ 9 exposure4 ,! exposure :i* simply hurts natural mode/y is acutely pa9ful to a ref9$1 s5sitive _s2 & yet ! v dignity :i* x outrages is a %ield aga9/ ! po9t ( ! insult4 ,b :]e ! exposure foll[s s9 ?is %ield is abs5t4 ,9 t case ! degradation ( x is )\t any mitigation4 ,no?+ m may be necess>y to con/itute a v sev]e puni%m5t4 ,:5 ! secrets ( all he>ts are reveal$ ! v revelation w be a p5al process4 ,to lay b>e ! quiv]+ n]ves ( memory to ! se>*+ sunlight mu/ be to torture ! guilty s\l ) inconceivable horrors4 ,nev]!less x is a matt] = pr(\nd ?ankfulness t !re is no "q ( a surpris+ revelation ( ! s9n]'s guilt be+ made to ,god at "s future "t1 "s %ock+ discov]y :i* might turn ,8 lov+k9dness into wra? or contempt4 ,we _c h a firm] gr\nd ( joy & hope ?an ! fact t ,god kn[s ev]y?+ ab\t u1 & yet loves u at our wor/1 pati5tly wait+ = rep5tance ) ,8 (f] ( unlimit$ =giv5ess4 ,exposure be=e ,god is l a surgical exam9ation2 ! hope ( a cure1 if x does n dispel ! s5se ( humiliation--& t is impossible 9 ! case ( guilt1 ! disgrace ( :i* to a heal?y consci5ce is m int5se be=e ! hol9ess ( ,god ?an be=e ! eyes ( fell[-s9n]s--/ill enc\rages confid5ce4 ,! recognition ( a moral lapse at ! root ( ! %ame ( ,j]usalem1 ?\gh n p]haps 9 ! %ame itself1 is confirm$ by a phrase :i* reflects on ! culpable he$lessness ( ! ,jews4 ,! elegy deplores h[ ! city has come d[n wond]fully on acc\nt ( ! fact t %e rememb]$ n h] latt] end4 ,x is q confus+ & incorrect to r5d] ?is expression 9 ! pres5t t5se z x /&s 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,v]sion4 ,! poet _c mean t ! ,jews 9 exile & captivity h already =gott5 ! rec5t horrors ( ! siege ( ,j]usalem4 ,?is w\ld be flatly contr>y to ! motive ( ! elegy1 :i* is to give tongue to ! suff]+s ( ! ,jews fl[+ out ( t disa/]4 ,x w\ld be impossible to say t ! calamity t inspir$ ! elegy 0 no long] ev5 rememb]$ by its victims4 ,:at an anti-climax ?is w\ld be6 ,cle>ly ! poet is bewail+ ! culpable folly ( ! p 9 n giv+ a ?\ght to ! c]ta9 consequ5ces ( su* a c\rse z !y 7 foll[+2 a c\rse t _h be5 d5\nc$ by ! fai?ful prophets ( ,jehovah1 :o1 alas6 _h be5 b voices cry+ 9 ! wild]ness1 unnot$1 or ev5 sc\t$ & suppress$1 l ! /ormy petrels hat$ by sailors z birds ( ill-om54 ,9 h] ease & prosp]ity1 h] self-indulg5ce & s91 ! doom$ city _h fail$ to recollect :at mu/ be ! end ( su* ?+s4 ,! idea ( remembrance is peculi>ly apt & =cible 9 ?is connection1 al?\gh x has a relation to ! future1 because ! ,jews _h be5 ?r\gh exp]i5ces :i* %\ld h s]v$ z w>n+s if !y _h duly reflect$ on !m4 ,?is 0 n a matt] = wild guesses or vague appreh5sions4 ,n only 7 !re ! di/9ct utt]ances ( ,j]emiah & 8 pr$ecessors to r\se ! ?\ghtless2 ev5ts _h be5 speak+ l\d] ?an words4 ,j]usalem 0 already a city ) a hi/ory1 & t hi/ory _h ev5 by ?is "t accumulat$ "s tragic lessons4 ,^! 7 subjects = memory4 ,?us memory c become prophecy1 because ! laws :i* are reveal$ 9 ! pa/ w gov]n ! future4 ,we are none ( u s :olly inexp]i5c$ b t 9 ! k ( :at we h already be5 ?r\gh we may ga9 wisdom to anticipate ! consequ5ces ( our pres5t actions4 ,! he$less p]son is "o :o =gets1 or at all ev5ts "o :o w n att5d to 8 own memories4 ,su* recklessness is its own condemnation2 x _c plead ! excuse ( ignorance4 ,b n[ x may be object$ t ?is ref]5ce to ! m]e ?\ght ( consequ5ces sugge/s consid]ations t are too l[ to furni% ! reasons = ! ru9 ( ,j]usalem4 ,w\ld ! city h be5 sp>$ if only h] inhabitants _h be5 a little m =esee+8 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ?\gh m]e prud5ce is nev] a v l(ty virtue1 imprud5ce is sometimes a v s]i\s fault4 ,x _c be "r to be simply reckless1 to ignore all lessons ( ! pa/ & fl+ oneself bl9dly into ! future4 ,! h]o :o is sure t he is inspir$ by a l(ty motive may walk /raight into ! v jaws ( dea?1 & be all ! /rong] = 8 noble indiff]5ce to 8 fate2 b he :o is no h]o1 he :o is n influ5c$ by any great or unselfi% ideas1 has no excuse = neglect+ ! w>n+s ( common prud5ce4 ,all wise actions mu/ be m or less guid$ ) a view to _! issues 9 ! future1 al?\gh 9 ! case ( ! be/ ( !m ! aims w be pure & unselfi%4 ,x is our pr]ogative to look be=e & aft]2 & j 9 proportion z we take long views d our de$s acquire gravity & dep?4 ,our ,"l *>act]is$ ! two ways by _! ends4 ,:ile ! example ( ! c>eless ,jews is foll[$ on all sides--& :o ( u c d5y t he has ev] fall5 into ! neglig5ce8--is x n a little sup]flu\s to discuss ab/ract1 unpractical problems ab\t a remote altruism8 ,int]m+l$ ) 8 pa9ful picture ( ! humiliation & %ame ( ! fall5 city1 ! poet supplies indications ( ! effect ( all ?is on ! suff]+ citiz5s4 ,despis$ by all :o _h =m]ly hon\r$ h]1 ,j]usalem sighs & longs to retire into obscurity1 away f ! rude gaze ( h] oppressors4 ,9 p>ticul>1 two fur!r signs ( h] di/ress are "h giv54 ,! fir/ is spoliation4 ,h] enemies h laid h&s on all h] pleasant ?+s4 ,x may /rike u t1 aft] ! mis]ies j n>rat$1 ?is is b a m9or tr\ble4 ,job's calamities began ) ! loss ( 8 prop]ty1 & rose f ?is by degrees to ! climax ( agony4 ,if 8 fir/ tr\ble _h be5 ! sudd5 dea? ( all 8 *ildr51 /unn$ by t awful bl[1 he w\ld h c>$ little ab\t ! fate ( 8 flocks & h]ds4 ,x is n accord+ to ! me?od ( ! ,lam5tations1 h[ev]1 to move on to any climax4 ,! ?\ghts are set =? z !y well up 9 ! m9d ( ! poet1 n[ passionate & int5se1 !n aga9 ( a mild] ca/1 yet altoge!r comb9+ to col\r "o picture ( intol]able woe4 ,b !re is an aspect ( ?is idea ( ! robb]y ( ! pleasant ?+s :i* height5s ! s5se ( mis]y4 ,x is ano!r in/ance ( ! =ce ( contra/ s (t5 manife/$ 9 ^! elegies4 ,j]usalem _h be5 a home ( weal? & luxury 9 ! m]ry old days4 ,b ho>d$ money1 preci\s jewell]y1 family heirlooms1 products ( art & skill1 accumulat$ dur+ g5]ations ( prosp]ity & treat$ z necess>ies ( life--all _h be5 swept away 9 ! sack ( ! city1 & scatt]$ among /rang]s :o c\ld n prize !m z !y _h be5 priz$ by _! own]s2 & n[ ^! victims ( spoliation1 /ripp$ ( ev]y?+1 7 9 want ( daily bread4 ,ev5 :at little c\ld be sav$ f ! wreck !y _h to give up 9 ex*ange = common food1 b\ght de>ly 9 ! m>ket ( necessity4 ,! second sign ( ! great di/ress "h not$ is desecration4 ,g5tiles invade ! sacr$ prec9cts ( ! temple4 ,consid]+ t ! sanctu>y _h be5 already mu* m effectually desecrat$ by ! blood-/a9$ h&s & lu/ful he>ts ( impi\s wor%ipp]s1 su* z ^? rul]s ( ,sodom d5\nc$ by ,isaiah = trampl+ ! c\rts ( ,jehovah ) _! va9 oblations1#aab we d n f9d x easy to sympa?ise ) ?is horror ( a suppos$ defilem5t f ! m]e pres5ce ( hea!n p]sons4 ,yet x w\ld be unju/ to accuse ! %ock$ ,israelites ( hypocrisy4 ,!y ought to h be5 m consci\s ( ! "o real corruption ( s92 b we _c add t !re=e _! notions ( ext]nal uncleanness 7 altoge!r fooli% & wrong4 ,to judge ! ,jews ( ! age ( ! ,captivity by a /&>d ( spirituality :i* few ,*ri/ians h yet atta9$ to w\ld be a cruel ana*ronism4 ,! ,syrian invasion ( ! temple 9 ! "t ( ! ,maccabees 0 call$ by a v late prophet an abom9ation ( desolation1#aac & a simil> insult to be (f]$ to ! sacr$ place by ! ,romans is describ$ by our ,"l 9 ! same t]ms4#aad ,all ( u mu/ be consci\s at times ( ! sacr$ness ( associations4 ,to botanise on 8 "m's grave may be a pro( ( a man's fre$om f sup]/ition1 b x _c be tak5 z an indication ( ! f95ess ( 8 feel+s4 ,! ,israelite exclusiv5ess :i* %unn$ ! intrusion ( =eign]s simply because !y 7 =eign]s 0 comb9$ bo? ) a patriotic anxiety to pres]ve ! integrity ( ! nation1 & 9 "s cases ) a religi\s dread ( idolatry4 ,x is true ! nom9al contam9ation ( ! m]e pres5ce ( ,g5tiles 0 g5]ally m dread$ ?an ! real contagion ( _! corrupt examples4 ,/ill ! v idea ( desecration1 ev5 :5 x is sup]ficial1 toge!r ) a s5se ( pa9 at its pres5ce1 is high] ?an ! mat]ialism :i* despises x n because ?is mat]ialism has ! grace to sanctify ev]y?+1 b = ! opposite reason1 because x c\nts no?+ holy1 because to x all ?+s are common & unclean4 #aab ,isa4 i4 #aj-ag4 #aac ,dan4 xi4 #ca4 #aad ,m>k xiii4 #ad4 ,be=e we pass f ?is portion ( ! elegy !re is "o curi\s *>act]i/ic ( x :i* calls = notice4 ,! poet sudd5ly drops ! con/ruction 9 ! ?ird p]son & writes 9 ! fir/ p]son4 ,?is he does twice--at ! end ( ! n9? v]se1 & aga9 at ! end ( ! elev5?4 ,he might be speak+ 9 8 own p]son1 b ! language po9ts to ! p]sonifi$ city4 ,yet 9 ea* case ! outbur/ is q abrupt1 sprung ^u u )\t any introductory =mula4 ,possibly ! explanation ( ?is anomaly mu/ be s\ght 9 ! liturgical use = :i* ! poem 0 design$4 ,if x 0 to be sung antiphonally we may conjecture t at ^! places a second *orus w\ld break 94 ,! result w\ld be a />tl+ dramatic effect--z ?\gh ! city _h sat li/5+ to ! lam5t ov] h] woes until ! pite\s tale _h compell$ h] to break h] sil5ce & cry al\d4 ,9 ea* case ! cry is direct$ to heav54 ,x is an appeal to ,god2 & x simply prays = ,8 att5tion--,behold1 ,o ,"l1 ,see1 ,o ,"l1 & behold4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! ,div9e att5tion is call$ to ! insol5ce ( ! enemy1 9 ! second to ! degradation ( ,j]usalem4 ,/ill x is only an appeal = notice4 ,w ,god b look ^u all ?is mis]y8 ,t is suffici5t4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,zion',s ,,appeal i4 #ab-bb ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! second elegy ,j]usalem appe>s z ! speak]1 appeal+ = sympa?y1 fir/ to /ray1 pass+ travell]s1 !n to ! l>g] circle ( ! surr\nd+ nations1 & la/ly to h] ,god4 ,already ! suff]+ city has spok5 once or twice 9 brief int]ruptions ( ! poet's descriptions ( h] mis]ies1 & n[ %e seems to be too impati5t to p]mit h]self to be repres5t$ any long] ev5 by ?is fri5dly advocate2 %e mu/ come =w>d 9 p]son & pres5t h] case 9 h] own words4 ,!re is mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion among comm5tators ab\t ! r5d]+ ( ! phrase ) :i* ! appeal beg9s4 ,! ,revis]s h foll[$ ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion 9 tak+ x z a "q--,is x no?+ to y1 all ye t pass by8#aae ,b x may be treat$ z a direct negative--,x is no?+1 etc41 or1 by a slightly diff]5t read+ ( ! ,hebrew text1 z a simple call = att5tion--,o all ye t pass by1 etc41 z 9 ! ,vulgate ,o vos1 etc4 ,! usual r5d]+ is ! f9e/ 9 lit]>y feel+1 & x is 9 accordance ) a common usage4 ,al?\gh ! sign ( an int]rogation1 :i* w\ld set ?is mean+ beyond dispute1 is abs5t1 !re does n seem to be suffici5t reason = reject+ x 9 fav\r ( "o ( ! propos$ alt]natives4 ,b 9 any case ! :ole passage evid5tly expresses a deep ye>n+ = sympa?y4 ,m]e /rang]s1 rov+ ,b$\91 any p :o may *ance to be pass+ by ,j]usalem1 are implor$ to behold h] incomp>able woes4 ,! w\nd$ animal creeps into a corn] to suff] & die 9 secret1 p]haps on acc\nt ( ! habit ( h]ds1 9 torm5t+ a suff]+ mate4 ,b among mank9d ! in/9ct ( a suff]] is to crave sympa?y1 f a fri5d1 if possible2 b if su* be n available1 !n ev5 f a /rang]4 ,n[ al?\gh :]e x is possible to give effectual aid1 m]ely to ca/ a pity+ look & pass by on ! o!r side1 l ! prie/ & ! ,levite 9 ! p>able1 is a mock]y & a cruelty1 al?\gh unpret5ti\s indiff]5ce is bett] ?an t hypocrisy1 x w\ld be a great mi/ake to suppose t 9 ^? cases = :i* no direct relief c be giv5 sympa?y is ( no value4 ,?is sympa?y1 if x is real1 w\ld help if x c\ld2 & "u all circum/ances x is ! reality ( ! sympa?y t is mo/ priz$1 n its issues4 #aae i4 #ab4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 fur!r1 t ! fir/ condition ( active aid is a g5u9e s5se ( compassion1 :i* c only be awak5$ by means ( k & ! impressions :i* a contemplation ( suff]+ produce4 ,evil is wr\ght n only f want ( ?\ght1 b also f lack ( k2 & good-do+ is )held = ! same reason4 ,!re=e ! fir/ requisite is to arre/ att5tion4 ,a royal commission is ! reasonable precursor ( a /ate rem$y = "s public wrong4 ,mis]y is p]mitt$ to fl\ri% 9 ! d>k because p are too indol5t to se>* x out4 ,no d\bt ! k ( suff]+s :i* we might rem$y implies a grave responsibility2 b we _c escape our obligations by simply clos+ our eyes to :at we d n wi% to see4 ,we are responsible = our ignorance & its consequ5ces :]ev] ! opportunity ( k is )9 our rea*4 ,! appeal to all :o pass by is mo/ famili> to u 9 its lat] association ) our ,"l's suff]+s on ! cross4 ,b ?is is n 9 any s5se a ,messianic passage2 x is conf9$ 9 its purpose to ! mis]ies ( ,j]usalem4 ,( c\rse !re c be no objection to illu/rat+ ! grief & pa9 ( ! ,man ( ,sorr[s by us+ ! classic language ( an anci5t lam5t if we note t ?is is only an illu/ration4 ,!re is a k9%ip 9 all suff]+1 & x is "r to consid] t ,he :o 0 tri$ 9 all po9ts z we are tri$ pass$ ?r\gh sorr[s :i* absorb$ all ! bitt]ness ev5 ( su* a cup ( woe z t :i* 0 drunk by ,j]usalem 9 ! extremity ( h] mis=tunes4 ,if nev] be=e !re _h be5 sorr[ l unto h] sorr[1 at l5g? t 0 mat*$1 nay1 surpass$ at ,ge?semane & ,golgo?a4 ,/ill x w\ld be a mi/ake to conf9e ^! words to _! second>y application--n only an exegetical mi/ake1 b "o ( deep] significance4 ,jesus ,*ri/ re/ra9$ ! wail+ ( ! wom5 :o (f]$ ,him _! compassion on ,8 way to ! cross1 bidd+ !m weep n = ,him1 b = !mselves & _! *ildr54#aaf ,mu* m :5 ,8 passion is long pa/ & ,he is reign+ 9 glory mu/ x be displeas+ to ,him = ,8 fri5ds to be wa/+ idle te>s ov] ! suff]+s ( ,8 e>?ly life4 ,! morbid s5tim5tality :i* broods ov] ! anci5t w\nds ( ,*ri/1 ! nail pr9ts & ! spe> ?ru/1 b ignores ! pres5t w\nds ( society--! w\nds ( ! _w = :i* ,he bl$ & di$1 or ! w\nds ( ! ,*ur* :i* is ,8 body n[1 mu/ be wrong 9 ,8 sight4 ,he w\ld r we gave a cup ( cold wat] to "o ( ,8 bre?r5 ?an an ocean ( te>s to ! memory ( ,calv>y4 ,if !n we w\ld make use ( ! ru9$ city's appeal = sympa?y by apply+ x to "s lat] object x w\ld be m 9 agreem5t ) ! m9d ( ,*ri/ to ?9k ( ! mis]ies ( mank9d 9 our own day1 & to consid] h[ a sympa!tic reg>d = !m may po9t to "s m9i/ry ( alleviation4 #aaf ,luke xxiii4 #bh4 ,9 ord] to impress ! magnitude ( h] mis]ies on ! m9ds ( ! /rang]s ^: att5tion %e w\ld arre/1 ! city1 n[ p]sonifi$ z a suppliant1 describes h] dreadful condition 9 a s]ies ( brief1 po9t$ metaphors4 ,?us ! imag9ation is excit$2 & ! imag9ation is "o ( ! roads to ! he>t4 ,x is n en\gh t p "k ! bald facts ( a calamity z ^! may be s*$ul$ 9 an inspector's report4 ,al?\gh ?is prelim9>y in=mation is mo/ important1 if we g no fur!r ! report w be replac$ 9 its pigeon-hole1 & lie !re till x is =gott54 ,if x is to d some?+ bett] ?an ga!r ! du/ ( ye>s x mu/ be us$ z a f\ndation = ! imag9ation to "w ^u4 ,?is does n imply any dep>ture f tru?1 any false col\r+ or exagg]ation2 on ! contr>y1 ! process only br+s out ! tru? :i* is n really se5 until x is imag9$4 ,let u look at ! v>i\s images "u :i* ! di/ress ( ,j]usalem is "h pres5t$4 ,x is l a fire 9 ! bones4#aag ,x burns1 consumes1 pa9s ) intol]able torm5t2 x is no sk9-deep tr\ble1 x p5etrates to ! v m>r[4 ,?is fire is ov]ma/]+2 x is n to be qu5*$1 nei!r does x die out2 x prevaile? aga9/ ! bones4 ,!re is no gett+ su* a fire "u4 #aag i4 #ac4 ,x is l a net4#aah ,! image is *ang$4 ,we see a wild creature caught 9 ! bu%1 or p]haps a fugitive arre/$ 9 8 flight & flung d[n by hidd5 sn>es at 8 feet4 ,"h is ! %ock ( surprise1 ! humiliation ( deceit1 ! vexation ( be+ ?w>t$4 ,! result is a baffl$1 bewild]$1 helpless condition4 #aah i4 #ac4 ,x is l fa9tness4#aai ,! desolate suff]] is ill4 ,x is bad en\gh to h to be> calamities 9 ! /r5g? ( heal?4 ,j]usalem is made sick & kept fa9t all ! day--) a fa9tness t is n a mom5t>y collapse1 b a cont9u\s condition ( failure4 #aai ,ibid4 ,x is l a yoke#abj :i* is wrea!d ^u ! neck--fix$ on1 z ) twi/$ )es4 ,! poet is "h m def9ite4 ,! yoke is made out ( ! transgressions ( ,j]usalem4 ,! s5se ( guilt does n light5 its weight2 ! b& t holds x mo/ closely is ! feel+ t x is des]v$4 ,x is natural t ! s9ful suff]] %\ld exclaim t ,god1 :o has b\nd ?is t]rible yoke ^u h]1 has made h] /r5g? to fail4 ,z !re is no?+ s invigorat+ z ! assurance t "o is suff]+ = a righte\s cause1 s !re is no?+ s wret*$ly depress+ z ! consci\sness ( guilt4 #abj i4 #ad4 ,la/ly1 x is l a w9epress4#aba ,?is image is elaborat$ ) m detail1 al?\gh at ! exp5se ( unity ( design4 ,god is said to h call$ a solemn assembly to oppress ! ,jews1 by an ironical rev]sal ( ! common notion ( su* an assembly4 ,! language recalls ! idea ( "o ( ! great national fe/ivals ( ,israel4 ,b n[ in/ead ( ! fav\r$ p _! enemies are summon$1 & ! object is n ! glad praise ( ,god = 8 b\nties 9 h>ve/ or v9tage1 b ! cru%+ ( ! ,jews4 ,!y are to be victims1 n gue/s z ( old4 ,!y are !mselves ! h>ve/ ( judgm5t1 ! v9tage ( wra?4 ,! w9e is to be made1 b ! grapes cru%$ to produce x are ! p :o 7 accu/om$ to fea/ & dr9k ( ! fruits ( ,god's b\nty 9 ! happy days ( _! prosp]ity4 ,s ! mighty m5 are set at n\ght1 _! pr[ess c\nt+ z no?+ aga9/ ! brutal ru% ( ! enemy2 & ! "y m5 are cru%$1 _! _s & vig\r fail+ !m 9 ! great de/ruction4 #aba i4 #ae4 ,! mo/ t]rible trait 9 ^! pictures1 "o t is common to all ( !m1 is ! ,div9e orig9 ( ! tr\bles4 ,x 0 ,god :o s5t fire into ! bones1 spread ! net1 made ! suff]] desolate & fa9t4 ,! yoke 0 b\nd by ,8 h&s4 ,x 0 ,he :o set at n\ght ! mighty m51 & summon$ ! assembly ( foes to cru% ,8 p4 ,! poet ev5 goes s f> z to make ! d>+ /atem5t t x 0 ! ,"l ,himself :o trod ! virg9 daught] ( ,judah z 9 a w9epress4 ,x is a gha/ly picture--a da9ty maid5 trampl$ to dea? by ,jehovah z grapes are trampl$ to squeeze out _! juice6 ,?is horrible ?+ is ascrib$ to ,god6 ,yet !re is no compla9t ( b>b>ity1 no idea t ! ,judge ( all ! e>? is n do+ "r4 ,! mis]able city does n br+ any rail+ accusation aga9/ h] ,"l2 %e takes all ! blame ^u h]self4 ,we mu/ be c>eful to be> 9 m9d ! di/9ction betwe5 poetic imag]y & prosaic n>rative4 ,/ill x rema9s true t ,j]usalem "h attributes h] tr\bles to ! w & action ( ,god4 ,?is is vital to ! ,hebrew fai?4 ,to expla9 x away is to impov]i% ! religion ( ,israel1 & ) x ! ,old ,te/am5t revelation4 ,t revelation %ews u ! absolute sov]eignty ( ,god1 & at ! same "t x br+s out ! guilt ( man1 s t no room is all[$ = compla9ts aga9/ ! ,div9e ju/ice4 ,! grief is all ! great] because !re is no ?\ght ( rebellion4 ,! d>+ d\bts t /ruggle into expression 9 ,job nev] obtrude !mselves "h to *eck ! ev5 fl[ ( te>s4 ,! melan*oly is pr(\nd1 b comp>atively calm1 s9ce x does n once give place to ang]4 ,x is natural t ! succession ( images ( mis]y conceiv$ 9 ?is _s %\ld be foll[$ by a bur/ ( te>s4 ,zion weeps because ! com=t] :o %\ld refre% h] s\l is f> away1 & %e is left utt]ly desolate4#abb #abb i4 #af4 ,"h ! suppos$ utt]ance ( ,j]usalem is brok5 = ! poet to ins]t a description ( ! suppliant mak+ h] pite\s appeal4#abc ,he %ews u ,zion spread+ out h] h&s1 t is to say1 9 ! well-kn[n attitude ( pray]4 ,%e is com=tless1 oppress$ by h] neighb\rs 9 accordance ) ! w ( h] ,god1 & treat$ z an unclean ?+2 %e :o _h despis$ ! idolatr\s ,g5tiles 9 h] pride ( sup]ior sanctity has n[ become f\l & despicable 9 _! eyes6 #abc i4 #ag4 ,! semi-dramatic =m ( ! elegy is se5 9 ! reappe>ance ( ,j]usalem z speak] )\t any =mula ( introduction4 ,aft] ! poet's brief int]jection describ+ ! suppliant1 ! p]sonifi$ city cont9ues h] pla9tive appeal1 b ) a consid]able enl>gem5t ( its scope4 ,%e makes ! mo/ di/9ct ackn[l$gm5t ( ! two vital elem5ts ( ! case--,god's righte\sness & h] own rebellion4#abd ,^! c>ry u b5ea? ! visible sc5es ( tr\ble s graphically illu/rat$ e>li]1 & fix our att5tion on deep-seat$ pr9ciples4 ,x _c be suppos$ t ! fai? & p5it5ce unres]v$ly confess$ 9 ! elegy 7 truly exp]i5c$ by all ! fugitive citiz5s ( ,j]usalem1 ?\gh !y 7 f\nd 9 ! dev\t remnant among :om ! au?or ( ! poem mu/ be reckon$4 ,b ! reasonable int]pretation ( ^! utt]ances is t :i* accepts !m z ! inspir$ expressions ( ! ?\ghts & feel+s :i* ,j]usalem ought to possess1 z ideal expressions1 suitable to ^? :o rightly appreciate ! :ole situation4 ,?is fact gives !m a wide applicability4 ,! ideal approa*es ! univ]sal4 ,al?\gh x _c be said t all tr\ble is ! direct puni%m5t ( s91 & al?\gh x is manife/ly ins9c]e to make confession ( guilt "o does n inw>dly admit1 to be firmly settl$ 9 ! conviction t ,god is "r 9 :at he does ev5 :5 x all looks mo/ wrong1 t if !re is a fault x mu/ be on man's side1 is to h rea*$ ! c5tre ( tru?4 ,?is is v diff]5t f ! admission t ,god has ! "r ( an absolute sov]eign to d :atev] ,he *ooses1 l mad ,caligula :5 intoxicat$ ) 8 own div9ity2 x ev5 implies a d5ial ( t suppos$ "r1 = x ass]ts t ,he acts 9 accordance ) some?+ o!r ?an ,8 w1 viz41 righte\sness4 #abd i4 #ah4 ,enl>g+ ! area ( h] appeal1 no long] cont5t to snat* at ! casual pity ( individual travell]s on ! road1 ,j]usalem n[ calls ^u all ! peoples--i4e41 all neighb\r+ tribes--to he> ! tale ( h] woes4#abe ,?is is too huge a trag$y to be conf9$ to private spectators2 x is ( national proportions1 & x claims ! att5tion ( :ole nations4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve t =eign]s1 :om ! /rict ,jews /]nly exclude f _! privileges1 are nev]!less bes\ght to compassionate _! di/resses4 ,^! uncircumcis$ hea!n are n n[ ?ru/ contemptu\sly aside2 !y are ev5 appeal$ to z sympa?is]s4 ,p]haps ?is is meant to indicate ! va/ness ( ! mis]y ( ,j]usalem by ! sugge/ion t ev5 ali5s %\ld be affect$ by x2 :5 ! waves spread f> 9 all directions !re mu/ h be5 a mo/ t]rible /orm at ! c5tre ( di/urbance4 ,/ill x is possible to f9d 9 ?is wid5+ outlook ( ! poet a sign ( ! s(t5+ & enl>g+ effects ( tr\ble4 ,! v ne$ ( mu* sympa?y breaks d[n ! b>ri]s ( pr\d exclusiv5ess1 & prep>es "o to look = graci\s qualities among p :o h be5 previ\sly treat$ ) *urli% indiff]5ce or positive animosity4 ,floods & e>?quakes tame savage bea/s4 ,on ! battlefield w\nd$ m5 gratefully accept relief f _! mortal enemies4 ,conduct ( ?is sort may be self-reg>d+1 p]haps weak & c[>dly2 /ill x is an outcome ( ! natural bro!rhood ( all mank9d1 any confession ( :i*1 h[ev] reluctant1 is a welcome ?+4 #abe i4 #ah4 ,! appeal to ! nations conta9s ?ree p>ticul>s4 ,x deplores ! captivity ( ! virg9s & "y m52 ! trea*]y ( allies--lov]s :o h be5 call$ ^u = assi/ance1 b 9 va92 & ! awful fact t m5 ( su* consequ5ce z ! eld]s & prie/s1 ! v ari/ocracy ( ,j]usalem1 _h di$ ( />vation aft] an ineffectual se>* = food--a lurid picture ( ! horrors ( ! siege4#abf ,! details repeat !mselves ) b v slight v>iations4 ,x is natural = a great suff]] to revolve 8 bitt] morsel cont9u\sly4 ,! action is a sign ( its bitt]ness4 ,! monotony ( ! dirge is a sure indication ( ! dep? ( ! tr\ble t occasions x4 ,! !me is only too int]e/+ to ! m\rn]1 h[ev] we>isome x may become to ! li/5]4 #abf i4 #ah1 #ai4 ,9 draw+ to a close ! appeal goes fur!r1 &1 ris+ altoge!r above man1 seeks ! att5tion ( ,god4#abg ,x is n en\gh t e pass+ travell] is arre/$1 nor ev5 t ! notice ( all ! neighb\r+ nations is s\ght2 ?is tr\ble is too great = human %\ld]s to be>4 ,x w absorb ! l>ge/ mass ( sympa?y1 & yet ?ir/ = m4 ,twice be=e 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! elegy ! language ( ! poet speak+ 9 8 own p]son 0 int]rupt$ by an outcry ( ,j]usalem to ,god4#abh ,n[ ! elegy closes ) a full] appeal to ,heav54 ,?is is an utt]ance ( fai? :]e fai? is tri$ to ! utt]mo/4 ,x is di/9ctly recognis$ t ! calamities bewail$ h be5 s5t by ,god2 & yet ! /rick5 city turns to ,god = consolation4 ,& ! appeal is n at all 9 ! =m ( a cry to a torm5tor = m]cy2 x seeks fri5dly sympa?y & av5g+ actions4 ,no?+ c\ld m cle>ly prove ! consci\sness t ,god is n do+ any wrong to ,8 p4 ,n only is !re no compla9t aga9/ ! ju/ice ( ,8 acts2 9 spite ( !m all ,he is /ill reg>d$ z ! greate/ ,fri5d & ,help] ( ! victims ( ,8 wra?4 #abg i4 #bj-b4 #abh i4 #i1 #aa4 ,?is app>5tly p>adoxical position issues 9 :at might o!rwise be a contradiction ( ?\ght4 ,! ru9 ( ,j]usalem is attribut$ to ! righte\s judgm5t ( ,god1 aga9/ :i* no %ad[ ( compla9t is rais$2 & yet ,god is ask$ to p\r v5geance on ! heads ( ! human ag5ts ( ,8 wra?6 ,^! p h be5 act+ f _! own evil1 or at all ev5ts _! own inimical motives4 ,!re=e x is n held t !y des]ve puni%m5t = _! conduct any ! less on acc\nt ( ! fact t !y h be5 ! unconsci\s in/rum5ts ( ,provid5ce4 ,! v5geance "h s\ght = _c be br\ght into l9e ) ,*ri/ian pr9ciples2 b ! poet _h nev] he>d ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,x w\ld n h occurr$ to him t ! _s ( rev5ge 0 n "r1 any m ?an x occurr$ to ! writ]s ( mal$ictory ,psalms4 ,!re is "o m po9t 9 ?is f9al appeal to ,god :i* %\ld be notic$1 because x is v *>act]i/ic ( ! elegy ?r\gh\t4 ,zion bewails h] fri5dless condition1 decl>+1 !re is none to com=t me4#abi ,?is is ! fif? ref]5ce to ! abs5ce ( a com=t]4#acj ,! idea may be m]ely introduc$ 9 ord] to acc5tuate ! description ( utt] desolation4 ,& yet :5 we comp>e ! sev]al allusions to x ! conclusion seems to be =c$ ^u u t ! poet has a m specific int5tion4 ,9 "s cases1 at lea/1 he seems to h "o p>ticul> com=t] 9 m9d1 z1 = example1 :5 he says1 ,! com=t] t %\ld refre% my s\l is f> f me4#aca ,our ?\ghts in/9ctively turn to ! ,p>aclete ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,x w\ld n be reasonable to suppose t ! elegi/ _h atta9$ to any def9ite conception ( ! ,holy ,_s su* z t ( ! ripe ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,b we h 8 own words to witness t ,god is to him ! supreme ,com=t]1 is ! ,"l & ,giv] ( life :o refre%es 8 s\l4 ,x w\ld seem1 !n1 t ! poet's ?\ght is l t ( ! au?or ( ! tw5ty-second ,psalm1 :i* 0 e*o$ 9 our ,"l's cry ( despair on ! cross4#acb ,:5 ,god our ,com=t] hides ! light ( ,8 c\nt5ance ! night is mo/ d>k4 ,yet ! d>kness is n always p]ceiv$1 or its cause recognis$4 ,!n to miss ! consolations ( ,god consci\sly1 ) pa91 is ! fir/ /ep t[>ds recov]+ !m4 #abi i4 #ba4 #acj ,see i4 #b1 #i1 #af1 #ag1 #ba4 #aca i4 #af4 #acb ,m>k xv4 #cd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,god ,,z ,,an ,,enemy ii4 #a-i ,! elegi/1 z we h se51 attributes ! tr\bles ( ! ,jews to ! w & action ( ,god4 ,9 ! second poem he ev5 v5tures fur!r1 & ) d>+ logic presses ?is idea to its ultimate issues4 ,if ,god is torm5t+ ,8 p 9 fi]ce ang] x mu/ be because ,he is _! enemy--s ! sad-he>t$ patriot reasons4 ,! c\rse ( ,provid5ce does n %ape itself to him z a m]ciful *a/isem5t1 z a veil$ bless+2 its motive seems to be di/9ctly unfri5dly4 ,he drives 8 dreadful conclusion home ) great amplitude ( details4 ,9 ord] to appreciate ! =ce ( x let u look at ! illu/rative passage 9 two ways--fir/1 9 view ( ! calamities inflict$ on ,j]usalem1 all ( :i* are "h ascrib$ to ,god1 & !n ) reg>d to ^? ?\ghts & purposes ( _! ,div9e ,au?or :i* appe> to be reveal$ 9 !m4 ,fir/1 !n1 we h ! e>?ly side ( ! process4 ,! daught] ( ,zion is cov]$ ) a cl\d4#acc ,! metaphor w\ld be m /rik+ 9 ! brilliant ,ea/ ?an x is to u 9 our habitually sombre climate4 ,!re x w\ld sugge/ unwont$ gloom--! loss ( ! cu/om>y light ( heav51 r>e di/ress1 & excessive melan*oly4 ,x is a g5]al1 compreh5sive image int5d$ to ov]%ad[ all t foll[s4 ,t]rible disa/]s cov] ! aspect ( all ?+s f z5i? to horizon4 ,! physical d>kness t accompani$ ! horrors ( ,golgo?a is "h anticipat$1 n inde$ by any actual prophecy1 b 9 idea4 #acc ii4 #a4 ,b !re is m ?an gloom4 ,a m]e cl\d may lift1 & discov] ev]y?+ unalt]$ by ! pass+ %ad[4 ,! di/ress t has fall5 on ,j]usalem is n ?us sup]ficial & transi5t4 ,%e h]self has suff]$ a fatal fall4 ,! beauty ( ,israel has be5 ca/ d[n f heav5 to e>?4 ,! language is n[ v>i$2 in/ead ( ! daught] ( ,zion we h ! beauty ( ,israel4#acd ,! use ( ! l>g] title1 ,israel1 is n a little significant4 ,x %ews t ! elegi/ is alive to ! idea ( ! fundam5tal unity ( 8 race1 a unity :i* c\ld n be de/roy$ by c5turies ( int]-tribal w>f>e4 ,al?\gh 9 ! ungraci\s region ( politics ,israel /ood al(t f ,judah1 ! two peoples 7 frequ5tly treat$ z "o by poets & prophets :5 religi\s ideas 7 9 m9d4 ,"h app>5tly ! va/ness ( ! calamities ( ,j]usalem has oblit]at$ ! memory ( jeal\s di/9ctions4 ,simil>ly we may see ! great ,engli% race--,briti% & ,am]ican--=gett+ national divisions 9 pursuit ( its high] religi\s aims1 z 9 ,*ri/ian missions2 & we may be sure t ?is blood-unity w\ld be felt mo/ ke5ly "u ! %ad[ ( a great tr\ble on ei!r side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,by ! "t ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem ! nor!rn tribes _h be5 scatt]$1 b ! use ( ! di/9ctive "n ( ^! p is a sign t ! anci5t on5ess ( all :o trac$ back _! p$igree to ! patri>* ,jacob 0 /ill recognis$4 ,x is "s comp5sation = ! endurance ( tr\ble to f9d x ?us break+ d[n ! middle wall ( p>tition betwe5 e/rang$ bre?r54 #acd ii4 #a4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ ) probability t by ! expression ! beauty ( ,israel ! elegi/ int5d$ to indicate ! temple4 ,?is magnific5t pile ( build+s1 cr[n+ "o ( ! hills ( ,j]usalem1 & %9+ ) gold 9 b>b>ic spl5d\r1 0 ! c5tral object ( beauty among all ! p :o rev]$ ! wor%ip x en%r9$4 ,its situation w\ld naturally sugge/ ! language "h employ$4 ,j]usalem rises among ! hills ( ,judah1 "s two ?\s& feet above ! sea-level2 & :5 view$ f ! wild]ness 9 ! s\? %e looks inde$ l a city built 9 ! heav5s4 ,b ! physical exaltation ( ,j]usalem & h] temple 0 surpass$ by exaltation 9 privilege1 & prosp]ity1 & pride4 ,cap]naum1 ! va9 city ( ! lake t w\ld raise h]self to heav51 is w>n$ by ,jesus t %e %all be ca/ d[n to ,hades4#ace ,n[ n only ,j]usalem1 b ! glory ( ! race ( ,israel1 symbolis$ by ! c5tral %r9e ( ! national religion1 is ?us humiliat$4 #ace ,matt4 xi4 #bc4 ,/ill keep+ 9 m9d ! temple1 ! poet tells u t ,god has =gott5 ,8 foot/ool4 ,he seems to be ?9k+ ( ! ,m]cy-,seat ov] ! ark1 ! spot at :i* ,god 0 ?\ght to %ew ,himself propiti\s to ,israel on ! great ,day ( ,atonem5t1 & :i* 0 look$ ^u z ! v c5tre ( ! ,div9e pres5ce4 ,9 ! de/ruction ( ! temple ! holie/ places 7 outrag$1 & ! ark itself c>ri$ (f or brok5 up1 & nev] m he>d (4 ,h[ diff]5t 0 ?is f ! /ory ( ! loss ( ! ark 9 ! days ( ,eli1 :5 ! ,phili/9es 7 con/ra9$ to s5d x home ( _! own accord6 ,n[ no miracle int]v5es to puni% ! hea!n = _! sacrilege4 ,yes1 surely ,god mu/ h =gott5 ,8 foot/ool6 ,s x seems to ! sorr[ful ,jew1 p]plex$ at ! impunity ) :i* ?is crime has be5 committ$4 ,b ! mis*ief is n conf9$ to ! c5tral %r9e4 ,x has ext5d$ to remote c\ntry regions & simple ru/ic folk4 ,! %eph]d's hut has %>$ ! fate ( ! temple ( ! ,"l4 ,all ! habitations ( ,jacob--a phrase :i* 9 ! orig9al po9ts to c\ntry cottages--h be5 swall[$ up4#acf ,! holie/ is n sp>$ on acc\nt ( its sanctity1 nei!r is ! l[lie/ on acc\nt ( its obscurity4 ,! calamity ext5ds to all di/ricts1 to all ?+s1 to all classes4 #acf ii4 #b4 ,if ! %eph]d's cot is contra/$ ) ! temple & ! ark because ( its simplicity1 ! =tress may be contra/$ ) ?is def5celess hut because ( its /r5g?4 ,yet ev5 ! /rongholds h be5 ?r[n d[n4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! action ( ! ,jews' army has be5 p>alys$ by ! ,god :o _h be5 its /r5g? & support 9 ! glori\s old5 "t4 ,x is z ?\gh ! "r h& ( ! w>rior _h be5 seiz$ f beh9d & drawn back at ! mom5t :5 x 0 rais$ to /rike a bl[ = deliv]ance4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! fl[] ( ! army1 all t 7 pleasant to ! eye1#acg are sla94 ,israel h]self is swall[$ up1 :ile h] palaces & =tresses are demoli%$4 #acg ii4 #d4 ,! climax ( ?is my/]y ( ,div9e de/ruction is rea*$ :5 ,god de/roys ,8 own temple4 ,! elegi/ returns to ! dreadful subject z ?\gh fasc9at$ by ! t]ror ( x4 ,god has viol5tly tak5 away ,8 tab]nacle4#ach ,! old hi/oric "n ( ! sanctu>y ( ,israel recurs at ?is crisis ( ru92 & x is p>ticul>ly appropriate to ! image :i* foll[s1 an image :i* possibly x sugge/$4 ,if we are to und]/& ! metaphor ( ! six? v]se z x is r5d]$ 9 ! ,engli% ,au?oris$ & ,revis$ ,v]sions1 we h to suppose a ref]5ce to "s su* boo? ( b\ghs z p 7 accu/om$ to put up = _! %elt] dur+ ! v9tage1 & :i* w\ld be remov$ z soon z x _h s]v$ its tempor>y purpose4 ,! solid temple build+s _h be5 swept away z easily z ?\gh !y 7 j su* flimsy /ructures1 z ?\gh !y _h be5 ( a g>d54 ,b we c read ! text m lit]ally1 & /ill f9d good s5se 9 x4 ,accord+ to ! /rict translation ( ! orig9al1 ,god is said to h viol5tly tak5 away ,8 tab]nacle z a g>d54 ,at ! siege ( a city ! fruit g>d5s t encircle x are ! fir/ victims ( ! de/roy]'s axe4 ,ly+ out beyond ! walls !y are entirely unprotect$1 :ile ! imp$im5ts !y (f] to ! movem5ts ( troops & in/rum5ts ( w> induce ! comm&] to ord] _! e>ly demolition4 ,?us ,titus _h ! trees cle>$ f ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 s t "o ( ! fir/ incid5ts 9 ! ,roman siege ( ,j]usalem mu/ h be5 ! de/ruction ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane4 ,n[ ! poet comp>es ! ease ) :i* ! great1 massive temple--itself a p[]ful =tress1 & enclos$ )9 ! city walls--0 demoli%$1 ) ! simple process ( sc\r+ ! outly+ g>d5s4 ,s ! place ( assembly disappe>s1 & ) x ! assembly itself1 s t ev5 ! sacr$ ,sabba? is pass$ ov] & =gott54 ,!n ! two heads ( ! nation--! k+1 its civil rul]1 & ! prie/1 its ecclesia/ical *ief--are bo? despis$ 9 ! indignation ( ,god's ang]4 #ach ii4 #f4 ,! c5tral object ( ! sacr$ %r9e is ! alt>1 :]e e>? seems to meet heav5 9 ! high my/]y ( sacrifice4 ,"h m5 seek to propitiate ,god2 "h too ,god w\ld be expect$ to %ew ,himself graci\s to m54 ,yet ,god has ev5 ca/ (f ,8 alt>1 abhorr+ ,8 v sanctu>y4#aci ,:]e m]cy is mo/ confid5tly anticipat$1 !re ( all places no?+ b wra? & rejection are to be f\nd4 ,:at prospect c\ld be m hopeless8 #aci ii4 #g4 ,! deep] ?\ght t ,god rejects ,8 sanctu>y because ,8 p h fir/ reject$ ,him is n br\ght =w>d j n[4 ,yet ?is solution ( ! my/]y is prep>$ by a contemplation ( ! utt] failure ( ! old ritual ( atonem5t4 ,evid5tly t is n always effective1 = "h x has brok5 d[n entirely2 !n c x ev] be inh]5tly efficaci\s8 ,x _c be en\gh to tru/ to a sanctu>y & c]emonies :i* ,god ,himself de/roys4 ,b fur!r1 out ( ?is sc5e :i* 0 s p]plex+ to ! pi\s ,jew1 !re fla%es to u ! cle> tru? t no?+ is s abom9able 9 ! sight ( ,god z an attempt to wor%ip ,him on ! "p ( p :o are liv+ at enmity ) ,him4 ,we c also p]ceive t if ,god %att]s our sanctu>y1 p]haps ,he does s 9 ord] to prev5t u f mak+ a feti* ( x4 ,!n ! loss ( %r9e & alt> & c]emony may be ! sav+ ( ! sup]/iti\s wor%ipp] :o is !reby taught to turn to "s m /able s\rce ( confid5ce4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! l9e ( reflections foll[$ by ! elegi/ 9 ! pres5t in/ance4 ,8 m9d is possess$ ) "o d>k1 awful1 cru%+ ?\ght4 ,all ?is is ,god's "w4 ,& :y has ,god done x8 ,! answ] to t "q is ! idea t "h dom9ates ! m9d ( ! poet4 ,x is because ,god has become an enemy6 ,!re is no attempt to mitigate ! =ce ( ?is d>+ idea4 ,x is /at$ 9 ! /ronge/ possible t]ms1 & repeat$ aga9 & aga9 at e turn--,israel's cl\d is ! effect ( ,god's ang]2 x has come 9 ! day ( ,8 ang]2 ,god is act+ ) fi]ce ang]1 ) a flam+ fire ( wra?4 ,?is mu/ mean t ,god is decid$ly inimical4 ,he is behav+ z an adv]s>y2 ,he b5ds ,8 b[2 ,he manife/s viol5ce4 ,x is n m]ely t ,god p]mits ! adv]s>ies ( ,israel to commit _! ravages ) impunity2 ,god commits ^? ravages2 ,he is ,himself ! enemy4 ,he %ews indignation1 ,he despises1 ,he abhors4 ,& ?is is all delib]ate4 ,! de/ruction is c>ri$ out ) ! same c>e & exactitude t *>act]ise ! erection ( a build+4 ,x is z ?\gh x 7 done ) a measur+ l9e4 ,god surveys to de/roy4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be notic$ 9 ?is unhesitat+ ascription to ,god ( positive enmity is ! /rik+ evid5ce x conta9s ( fai? 9 ! ,div9e p[]1 pres5ce1 & activity4 ,^! 7 no m visible to ! m]e obs]v] ( ev5ts 9 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem ?an 9 ! %att]+ ( ! ,fr5* empire at ,s$an4 ,9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r all t ! _w c\ld see 0 a cru%+ milit>y defeat & its fatal consequ5ces4 ,! victori\s army ( ! ,babylonians fill$ ! field z completely 9 ! old "t z t ( ! ,g]mans 9 ! mod]n ev5t4 ,yet ! poet simply ignores its exi/5ce4 ,he passes x ) sublime indiff]5ce1 8 m9d fill$ ) ! ?\ght ( ! unse5 ,p[] beh9d4 ,he has n a ^w = ,nebu*adnezz>1 because he is assur$ t ?is mighty mon>* is no?+ b a tool 9 ! h&s ( ! real ,enemy ( ! ,jews4 ,a man ( small] fai? w\ld n h p5etrat$ suffici5tly b5ea? ! surface to h conceiv$ ! idea ( ,div9e enmity 9 connection ) a s]ies ( occurr5ces s v mundane z ! ravages ( w>4 ,a hea!ni% fai? w\ld h ackn[l$g$ 9 ?is defeat ( ,israel a triumph ( ! might ( ,bel or ,nebo ov] ! p[] ( ,jehovah4 ,b s conv9c$ is ! elegi/ ( ! absolute supremacy ( 8 ,god t no su* idea is sugge/$ to him ev5 z a temptation ( unbelief4 ,he kn[s t ! action ( ! true ,god is supreme 9 ev]y?+ t happ5s1 :e!r ! ev5t be fav\rable or unfav\rable to ,8 p4 ,p]haps x is only ow+ to ! dre>y mat]ialism ( curr5t ?\ght t we %\ld be less likely to discov] an indication ( ! enmity ( ,god 9 "s huge national calamity4 ,/ill1 al?\gh ?is idea ( ! elegi/ is a fruit ( 8 un%ak5 fai? 9 ! univ]sal sway ( ,god1 x />tles & %ocks u1 & we %r9k f x almo/ z ?\gh x conta9$ "s blasphem\s sugge/ion4 ,is x ev] "r to ?9k ( ,god z ! enemy ( any man8 ,x w\ld n be fair to pass judgm5t on ! au?or ( ! ,lam5tations on ! gr\nd ( a cold consid]ation ( ?is ab/ract "q4 ,we mu/ rememb] ! t]rible situation 9 :i* he /ood--8 belov$ city de/roy$1 ! rev]$ temple ( 8 fa!rs a mass ( *>r$ ru9s1 8 p scatt]$ 9 exile & captivity1 tortur$1 slaught]$2 ^! 7 n circum/ances to enc\rage a c\rse ( calm & measur$ reflection4 ,we mu/ n expect ! suff]] to c>ry out an exact *emical analysis ( 8 cup ( woe be=e utt]+ an exclamation on its quality2 & if x %\ld be t ! burn+ ta/e induces him to speak too /rongly ( its +r$i5ts1 we :o only see him swall[ x )\t be+ requir$ to ta/e a drop ourselves %\ld be sl[ to exam9e 8 language too nicely4 ,he :o has nev] ent]$ ,ge?semane is n 9 a position to und]/& h[ d>k may be ! views ( all ?+s se5 b5ea? its sombre %ade4 ,if ! ,div9e suff]] on ! cross c\ld speak z ?\gh ,8 ,god _h actually des]t$ ,him1 are we to condemn an ,old ,te/am5t sa9t :5 he ascribes unspeakably great tr\bles to ! enmity ( ,god8 ,is ?is1 !n1 b ! rhetoric ( mis]y8 ,if x be no m1 :ile we seek to sympa?ise ) ! feel+s ( a v dramatic situation1 we %all n be call$ ^u to g fur!r & discov] 9 ! language ( ! poet any positive tea*+ ab\t ,god & ,8 ways ) man4 ,b are we at lib]ty to /op %ort "h8 ,is ! elegi/ only express+ 8 own feel+s8 ,h we a "r to affirm t !re c be no objective tru? 9 ! awful idea ( ! enmity ( ,god8 ,9 consid]+ ?is "q we mu/ be c>eful to dismiss f our m9ds ! unwor?y associations t only too commonly atta* !mselves to notions ( enmity among m54 ,hatr$ _c be ascrib$ to ,"o ^: deepe/ "n is ,love4 ,no spite1 malignity1 or evil passion ( any k9d c be f\nd 9 ! he>t ( ! ,holy ,god4 ,:5 due weight is giv5 to ^! negations v mu* t we usually see 9 ! practice ( enmity disappe>s4 ,b ?is is n to say t ! idea itself is d5i$1 or ! fact %[n to be impossible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we h no w>rant = ass]t+ t ,god w nev] act 9 direct & int5tional opposition to any ( ,8 creatures4 ,!re is "o obvi\s occasion :5 ,he c]ta9ly does ?is4 ,! man :o resi/s ! laws ( nature f9ds ^? laws work+ aga9/ ,him4 ,he is n m]ely runn+ 8 head aga9/ a /one wall2 ! laws are n in]t ob/ructions 9 ! pa? ( ! transgressor2 !y repres5t =ces 9 action4 ,t is to say1 !y resi/ _! oppon5t ) vigor\s antagonism4 ,9 !mselves !y are bl9d1 & !y be> him no ill-w4 ,b ! ,be+ :o wields ! =ces is n bl9d or indiff]5t4 ,! laws ( nature are1 z ,k+sley said1 b ! ways ( ,god4 ,if !y are oppos+ a man ,god is oppos+ t man4 ,b ,god does n conf9e ,8 action to ! realm ( physical processes4 ,8 provid5ce works ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( ev5ts 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,:at we see evid5tly op]at+ 9 nature we may inf] to be equally active 9 less visible regions4 ,!n if we believe 9 a ,god :o rules & works 9 ! _w1 we _c suppose t ,8 activity is conf9$ to aid+ :at is good4 ,x is unreasonable to imag9e t ,he /&s aside 9 passive neglig5ce ( evil4 ,& if ,he conc]ns ,himself to ?w>t evil1 :at is ?is b manife/+ ,himself z ! enemy ( ! evildo]8 ,x may be cont5d$1 on ! o!r side1 t !re is a _w ( diff]5ce betwe5 antagoni/ic actions & unfri5dly feel+s1 & t ! =m] by no means imply ! latt]4 ,may n ,god oppose a man :o is do+ wrong1 n at all because ,he is 8 ,enemy1 b j because ,he is 8 true/ ,fri5d8 ,is x n an act ( real k9dness to save a man f himself :5 8 own w is lead+ him a/ray8 ,?is ( c\rse mu/ be grant$1 & be+ grant$1 x w c]ta9ly affect our views ( ! ultimate issues ( :at we may be compell$ to reg>d 9 its pres5t op]ation z no?+ %ort ( ,div9e antagonism4 ,x may rem9d u t ! motives ly+ beh9d ! mo/ inimical action on ,god's "p may be m]ciful & k9d 9 _! aims4 ,/ill1 = ! "t be+1 ! opposition is a reality1 & a reality :i* to all int5ts & purposes is "o ( enmity1 s9ce x resi/s1 fru/rates1 hurts4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,we h no reason to d5y t ,god c h real ang]4 ,is x n "r & j t ,he %\ld be angry ) ! wick$ e day8#adj ,w\ld ,he n be imp]fect 9 hol9ess1 w\ld ,he n be less ?an ,god if ,he c\ld behold vile de$s spr++ f vile he>ts ) placid indiff]5ce8 ,we mu/ believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 z truly reveal+ ! ,fa!r :5 ,he 0 mov$ ) indignation z :5 ,he 0 mov$ ) compassion4 ,8 life %[s q cle>ly t ,he 0 ! enemy ( oppressors & hypocrites1 & ,he pla9ly decl>$ t ,he came to br+ a sword4#ada ,8 mission 0 a w> aga9/ all evil1 & !re=e1 ?\gh n wag$ ) c>nal weapons1 a w> aga9/ evil m54 ,! ,jewi% au?orities 7 p]fectly "r 9 p]ceiv+ ?is fact4 ,!y p]secut$ ,him z _! enemy2 & ,he 0 _! enemy4 ,?is /atem5t is no contradiction to ! graci\s tru? t ,he desir$ to save all m51 & !re=e ev5 ^! m54 ,if ,god's enmity to any s\l 7 et]nal x w\ld conflict ) ,8 love4 ,x _c be t ,he wi%es ! ultimate ru9 ( "o ( ,8 own *ildr54 ,b if ,he is at ! pres5t "t actively oppos+ a man1 & if ,he is do+ ?is 9 ang]1 9 ! wra? ( righte\sness aga9/ s91 x is only quibbl+ ) words to d5y t = ! "t be+ ,he is a v real enemy to t man4 #adj ,psalm vii4 #aa4 #ada ,matt4 x4 #cd4 ,! curr5t ( ?\ght 9 ! pres5t day is n 9 any sympa?y ) ?is idea ( ,god z an ,enemy1 p>tly 9 its revulsion f h>% & un-,*ri/like conceptions ( ,god1 p>tly also on acc\nt ( ! mod]n humanit>ianism :i* almo/ loses sight ( s9 9 its absorb+ love ( m]cy4 ,b ! trem5d\s fact ( ! ,div9e enmity t[>ds ! s9ful man s long z he p]si/s 9 8 s9 is n to be lightly bru%$ aside4 ,x is n wise :olly to =get t our ,god is a consum+ fire4#adb ,x is 9 consid]ation ( ?is dread tru? t ! atonem5t wr\ght by ,8 ,son accord+ to ,8 own w ( love is discov]$ to be an action ( vital efficacy1 & n a m]e sc5ic display4 #adb ,heb4 xii4 #bi4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,cry ,,( ,,! ,,*ildr5 ii4 #aj-ag ,passion & poetry1 :5 !y fire ! imag9ation1 d m ?an p]sonify individual mat]ial ?+s4 ,by fus+ ! sep>ate objects 9 ! crucible ( a common emotion :i* 9 "s way app]ta9s to !m all1 !y p]sonify ?is gr& unity1 & s lift _! !me into ! region ( ! sublime4 ,?us :ile 9 8 second elegy ! au?or ( ! ,lam5tations fir/ dwells on ! desolation ( inanimate objects1--! temple1 =tresses1 c\ntry cottages1--^! are all ( int]e/ to him only because !y belong to ,j]usalem1 ! city ( 8 he>t's devotion1 & x is ! city h]self t moves 8 deepe/ feel+s2 & :5 9 ! second "p ( ! poem he proce$s to describe ! mis]able condition ( liv+ p]sons--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--pr(\ndly pa!tic z ! picture he n[ pa9ts appe>s to u 9 its pite\s details1 x is /ill reg>d$ by its au?or z a :ole1 & ! p's suff]+s are s v t]rible 9 8 eyes because !y are ! woes ( ,j]usalem4 ,"s attempt to sympa?ise ) ! l>ge & l(ty view ( ! elegi/ may be a :olesome corrective to ! int5se individualism ( mod]n habits ( ?\ght4 ,! difficulty = u is to see t ?is view is n m]ely ideal1 t x repres5ts a great1 solid tru?1 ! tru? t ! p]fect human unit is n an individual1 b a m or less ext5sive gr\p ( p]sons1 mutually h>monis$ & organis$ 9 a common life1 a society ( "s sort--! family1 ! city1 ! /ate1 mank9d4 ,by be>+ ?is 9 m9d we %all be able to p]ceive t suff]+s :i* 9 !mselves might seem sordid & degrad+ c atta9 to some?+ ( epic dignity4 ,x is 9 ?is _s t ! poet deplores ! exile ( ! k+ & ! pr9ces4 ,he is n n[ conc]n$ ) ! private tr\bles ( ^! exalt$ p]sons4 ,judah 0 a limit$ mon>*y1 ?\gh n aft] ! patt]n ( gov]nm5t famili> to u1 b r 9 ! /yle ( ! ,plantag5et rule1 accord+ to :i* ! sov]eign %>$ 8 au?ority ) a numb] ( p[]ful b>ons1 ea* ( :om 0 "l ov] 8 own t]ritory4 ,! m5 describ$ z ! pr9ces ( ,israel 7 n1 = ! mo/ "p1 memb]s ( ! royal family2 !y 7 ! heads ( tribes & families4 ,!re=e ! bani%m5t ( ^! p]sons1 toge!r ) ! k+1 meant = ! ,jews :o 7 left beh9d ! loss ( _! rul+ au?orities4 ,!n x seems mo/ reasonable to connect ! clause :i* foll[s ! ref]5ce to ! exile ) ! suff]+s ( ,j]usalem r ?an ) ! h>d%ips ( ! captives1 because ! :ole context is conc]n$ ) ! =m] subject4 ,?is phrase read lit]ally is1 ,! law is n4#adc ,our ,revis]s h foll[$ ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion 9 connect+ x ) ! previ\s expression1 among ! nations1 :i* describes ! place ( exile1 s z to lead u to read x z a /atem5t t ! k+ & ! pr9ces 7 endur+ ! h>d%ip ( resid5ce 9 a l& :]e _! sacr$ ,torah 0 n obs]v$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we take ! words 9 h>mony ) ! surr\nd+ ?\ghts1 we are rem9d$ by !m t ! removal ( ! national rul]s involv$ to ! ,jews ! cessation ( ! adm9i/ration ( _! law4 ,! resid5ts /ill left 9 ! l& 7 r$uc$ to a condition ( an>*y2 or1 if ! conqu]ors _h begun to adm9i/] "s sort ( m>tial law1 ?is 0 totally ali5 to ! rev]$ ,torah ( ,israel4 ,josiah _h bas$ 8 re=mation on ! discov]y ( ! sacr$ law-book4 ,b ! m]e possession ( ?is 0 little consolation if x 0 n adm9i/]$2 = ! ,jews _h n fall5 to ! condition ( ! ,sam>itans ( lat] times :o came to wor%ip ! roll ( ! ,p5tateu* z an idol4 ,!y 7 n ev5 l ! scribes & ,talmudi/s among _! own desc5dants1 to :om ! law itself 0 a religion1 ?\gh only read 9 ! cloi/] ( ! /ud5t4 ,! loss ( good gov]nm5t 0 to !m a v solid evil4 ,9 a civilis$ c\ntry1 9 times ( peace & ord]1 we brea! law z we brea! air1 unconsci\sly1 too famili> ) x to appreciate ! immeasurable b5efits x conf]s ^u u4 #adc ii4 #i4 ,) ! bani%m5t ( ! cu/odians ( law ! poet associates ! accompany+ sil5ce ( ! voice ( prophecy4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is s important & significant a fact1 t x mu/ be res]v$ = sep>ate & full] treatm5t4#add #add ,see next *apt]4 ,next to ! pr9ces come ! eld]s1 to :om 0 intru/$ ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ! m9or c\rts4 ,^! 7 n s5t into captivity2 = at fir/ only ! ari/ocracy 0 consid]$ suffici5tly important to be c>ri$ (f to ,babylon4 ,b ?\gh ! eld]s 7 left 9 ! l&1 ! c\ntry 0 too disorganis$ = !m to be able to hold _! local tribunals4 ,p]haps ^! 7 =bidd5 by ! invad]s2 p]haps ! eld]s _h no he>t to decide cases :5 !y saw no means ( gett+ _! decisions execut$4 ,accord+ly in/ead ( appe>+ 9 dignity z ! repres5tatives ( law & ord] among _! neighb\rs ! mo/ respect$ citiz5s sit 9 sil5ce on ! gr\nd1 gird$ 9 sackclo?1 & ca/+ du/ ov] _! heads1 liv+ pictures ( national m\rn+4#ade #ade ii4 #aj4 ,! virg9s ( ,j]usalem are nam$ imm$iately aft] ! eld]s4 ,_! position 9 ! city is v diff]5t f t ( ! grave & rev]5d signiors2 b we are to see t :ile ! dignity ( age & rank af=ds no immunity f tr\ble1 ! gladsom5ess ( y\? & its comp>ative irresponsibility are equally ineffectual z safegu>ds4 ,! eld]s & ! virg9s h "o *>act]i/ic 9 common4 ,!y are bo? sil5t4 ,^! "y girls are ! *ori/]s ^: cle>1 sweet voices us$ to r+ out 9 /ra9s ( joy at e fe/ival4 ,n[ bo? ! grave utt]ances ( magi/rates & ! bli! s++ ( maid5s are hu%$ into "o gloomy sil5ce4 ,=m]ly ! girls w\ld dance to ! s\nd ( song & cymbal4 ,h[ *ang$ mu/ ?+s be t ! once gay danc]s sit ) _! heads b[$ to ! gr\nd1 z /ill z ! m\rn+ eld]s6 ,b n[1 l ,dante :5 introduc$ by 8 guide to "s exceptionally agonis+ spectacle 9 ! inf]nal regions1 ! poet bur/s into te>s1 & seems to feel 8 v be+ melt+ away at ! contemplation ( ! mo/ he>t-r5d+ sc5e 9 ! _m m\rnful tableaux ( ! woes ( ,j]usalem4 ,break+ (f f 8 recital ( ! facts to express 8 p]sonal di/ress 9 view ( ! next item1 he prep>es u = "s r>e & dreadful exhibition ( mis]y2 & ! tale t he has to tell is q en\gh to acc\nt = ! />t ( horror ) :i* x is u%]$ 94 ,! poet makes u li/5 to ! cry ( ! *ildr54 ,!re are babies at ! brea/ fa9t+ f hung]1 & old] *ildr51 able to speak1 b n yet able to compreh5d ! helpless circum/ances 9 :i* _! mis]able p>5ts are plac$1 call+ to _! mo!rs = food & dr9k--a pi]c+ appeal1 en\gh to drive to ! madness ( grief & despair4 ,cry+ 9 va9 = ! fir/ necess>ies ( life1 ^! poor *ildr51 l ! y\ng] infants1 fa9t 9 ! /reets1 & ca/ !mselves on _! mo!rs' bosoms to die4#adf ,?is1 !n1 is ! picture 9 contemplation ( :i* ! poet completely breaks d[n--*ildr5 swoon+ 9 sight ( all ! p1 & dy+ ( hung] 9 _! mo!rs' arms6 ,he mu/ be recall+ sc5es ( ! late siege4 ,!n ! fa9t+ little ones1 z !y sank d[n pale & ill1 resembl$ ! w\nd$ m5 :o crept back f ! fight by ! walls to fall & die 9 ! /reets ( ! beleagu]$ city4 #adf ii4 #aa1 #ab4 ,?is is j ! %>pe/ /+ 9 ! suff]+s ( ! *ildr54 ,!y %>e ! fe>ful fate ( _! s5iors1 & yet !y h _h no "p 9 ! causes t l$ to x4 ,we are naturally p]plex$ z well z di/ress$ at ?is pite\s spectacle ( *ildhood4 ,! beauty1 ! simplicity1 ! weakness1 ! t5d]ness1 ! s5sitiv5ess1 ! helplessness ( infancy appeal to our sympa?ies ) peculi> =ce4 ,b ov] & above ^! t\*+ consid]ations !re is a my/]y atta*+ to ! :ole subject ( ! pres5ce ( pa9 & sorr[ 9 "y lives t battles all reason+4 ,x is n only h>d to und]/& :y ! bud %\ld be blight$ be=e x has _h "t to op5 to ! sun%9e3 ?is ha/e 9 ! m>* ( mis]y to meet h] victims on ! ?re%old ( life is to our m9ds a v amaz+ sight4 ,& yet x is n ! mo/ p]plex+ "p ( ! problem rais$ by ! my/]y ( ! suff]+ ( *ildr54 ,:5 we turn to ! moral elem5ts ( ! case we enc\nt] its mo/ s]i\s difficulties4 ,*ildr5 may n be acc\nt$ innoc5t 9 ! absolute s5se ( ! ^w4 ,ev5 unconsci\s infants come into ! _w ) h]$it>y t5d5cies to ! evil habits ( _! ance/ors2 b !n e pr9ciple ( ju/ice resi/s ! atta*m5t ( guilt or responsibility to an uns\ght & undes]v$ inh]itance4 ,& al?\gh *ildr5 soon commit (f5ces on _! own acc\nt1 x is n ! consequ5ces ( ^! y\?ful follies t "h tr\ble u4 ,! cruel wrongs ( *ildhood t ov]%ad[ ! _w's hi/ory ) its d>ke/ my/]y h travell$ on to _! victims f q o!r regions--regions ( :i* ! poor little suff]]s are ignorant ) ! ignorance ( p]fect innoc5ce4 ,:y d *ildr5 ?us %>e 9 evils !y _h no h& 9 br++ ^u ! community8 ,x is p]haps well t we %\ld ackn[l$ge q frankly t !re are my/]ies 9 life :i* no +5uity ( ?\ght c fa?om4 ,! suff]+ ( *ildhood is "o ( ! greate/ ( ^! app>5tly insoluble riddles ( ! univ]se4 ,we h to le>n t 9 view ( su* a problem z is "h rais$ we too are b infants cry+ 9 ! night4 ,/ill !re is no occasion = u to aggravate ! riddle by add+ to x manufactur$ difficulties2 we may ev5 admit su* mitigation ( its sev]ity z ! facts ( ! case sugge/4 ,:5 little *ildr5 suff] & die 9 _! innoc5ce !y are free at lea/ f ^? agonies ( remorse = ! irrecov]able pa/1 & ( appreh5sion conc]n+ ! doom ( ! future1 t haunt ! m9ds ( guilty m51 & frequ5tly f> exce$ ! physical pa9s endur$4 ,b5ea? _! h>de/ woes !y h a peace ( ,god t is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! m>tyr's s]5ity4 ,nev]!less1 :5 we h said all t c be said 9 ?is direction1 !re rema9s ! sick5+ fact t *ildr5 d suff] & p9e & die4 ,/ill ?\gh ?is _c be expla9$ away1 !re are two tru?s t we %\ld set beside x be=e we attempt to =m any judgm5t on ! :ole subject4 ,! fir/ is t taught s emphatically by our ,"l :5 ,he decl>$ t ! victims ( an accid5t or ! suff]]s 9 an indiscrim9ate slaught] 7 n to be acc\nt$ exceptional s9n]s4#adg ,b if suff]+ is by no means a sign ( s9 9 ! victim we may g fur!r1 & d5y t x is 9 all respects an evil4 ,x may be impossible = u to accept ! ,/oic p>adox 9 ! case ( little *ildr5 :om ev5 ! greate/ p$ant w\ld sc>cely attempt to console ) philosophic maxims4 ,9 ! endurance ( !m1 ! pa9 & sorr[ & dea? ( ! "y _c b seem to u mo/ real evils1 & x is our pla9 duty to d all 9 our p[] to *eck & /ay ev]y?+ ( ! k9d4 ,we mu/ bew>e ( ! indol5ce t lays ^u ,provid5ce ! burd5 ( tr\bles t are really due to our own inconsid]at5ess4 ,9 pursu+ ! policy t l$ to ! disa/r\s siege ( _! city ! ,jews %\ld h kn[n h[ _m innoc5t victims w\ld be dragg$ into ! vortex ( mis]y if ! c\rse !y _h *os5 7 to fail4 ,! bl9d ob/9acy ( ! m5 :o refus$ to li/5 to ! w>n+s s emphatically pron\nc$ by ! great prophets ( ,jehovah1 ! desp]ate self-w ( ^! m51 pitt$ aga9/ ! decl>$ c\nsel ( ,god1 mu/ be> ! blame4 ,x is mon/r\s to *>ge ! provid5ce ( ,god ) ! consequ5ces ( actions t ,god has =bidd54 #adg ,luke xiii #a-e4 ,a second tru? mu/ be add$1 = !re /ill rema9s ! difficulty t *ildr5 are plac$1 by no *oice ( _! own1 9 circum/ances t r5d] !m ?us liable to ! effects ( o!r p's s9s & follies4 ,we c nev] und]/& human life if we p]si/ 9 consid]+ ea* p]son by himself4 ,t we are memb]s "o ( ano!r1 s t if "o memb] suff]s all ! memb]s suff]1 is ! law ( human exp]i5ce z well z ! pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian *ur*man%ip4 ,!re=e we mu/ reg>d ! wrongs ( *ildr5 t s di/urb u z "p ( ! travail & woe ( mank9d4 ,bad z x is 9 itself t ^! innoc5ts %\ld be ?us involv$ 9 ! consequ5ces ( ! misconduct ( _! eld]s1 x w\ld n be any improvem5t = !m to be cut (f f all connection ) _! pr$ecessors 9 ! great family ( mank9d4 ,tak5 on ! :ole1 ! solid>ity ( man c]ta9ly makes m = ! welf>e ( *ildhood ?an = its disadvantage4 ,& we mu/ n ?9k ( *ildhood alone1 deeply z we are mov$ at ! sight ( its unm]it$ suff]+s4 ,if *ildr5 are "p ( ! race1 :atev] *ildr5 endure mu/ be tak5 z b "o elem5t 9 ! va/ exp]i5ce t goes to make up ! life-hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,all ?is is v vague1 & if we (f] x z a consolation to a "m ^: he>t is torn ) angui% at ! sight ( h] *ild's pa91 x is likely %e w ?9k our balm no bett] ?an ! wormwood ( mock]y4 ,x w\ld be va9 = u to imag9e t we h solv$ ! riddle1 & va9] to suppose t any views ( life c\ld be set aga9/ ! unque/ionable fact t innoc5t *ildr5 suff]1 z ?\gh !y 9 ! slighte/ degree less5$ ! am\nt ( ?is pa9 or made x appreciably easi] to endure4 ,b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 ! m]e exi/5ce ( all ?is t]rible agony does n ju/ify u 9 bur/+ out into trem5d\s d5unciations ( ! univ]se4 ,! ?\ghts t rise f a consid]ation ( ! wid] relations ( ! facts %\ld tea* u lessons ( humility 9 =m+ our judgm5t on s va/ a subject4 ,we _c d5y ! exi/5ce ( evils t cry al\d = notice2 we _c expla9 !m away4 ,b at lea/ we c foll[ ! example ( ! eld]s & virg9s ( ,israel1 & be sil5t4 ,! portrait ( mis]y t ! poet has drawn 9 describ+ ! condition ( ,j]usalem dur+ ! siege is pa9ful en\gh :5 view$ by itself2 & yet he proce$s fur!r1 & seeks to deep5 ! impression he has already made by sett+ ! picture 9 a suitable frame4 ,s he directs att5tion to ! behavi\r ( surr\nd+ peoples4 ,j]usalem is n p]mitt$ to hide h] grief & %ame4 ,%e is flung into an ar5a :ile a cr[d ( cruel spectators gloat ov] h] agonies4 ,^! are to be divid$ into two classes1 ! unconc]n$ & ! kn[n enemies4 ,!re is n any great diff]5ce betwe5 !m 9 _! treatm5t ( ! mis]able city4 ,! unconc]n$ hiss & wag _! heads2#adh ! enemies hiss & gna% _! tee?4#adi ,t is to say1 bo? add to ! mis]y ( ! ,jews--! "o class 9 mock]y1 ! o!r 9 hatr$4 ,b :at are ^! m5 at _! wor/8 ,beh9d !m is ! real ,p[] t is ! s\rce ( all ! mis]y4 ,if ! enemy rejoices x is only because ,god has giv5 him ! occasion4 ,! ,"l has be5 c>ry+ out ,8 own delib]ate int5tions2 nay1 ^! ev5ts are b ! execution ( comm&s ,he issu$ 9 ! days ( old4#aej ,?is reads l an anticipation ( ! ,calv9i/ic decrees4 ,b p]haps ! poet is ref]r+ to ! solemn ?reat5+ ( ,div9e ,judgm5t pron\nc$ by a succession ( prophets4 ,_! message _h be5 unhe$$ by _! contempor>ies4 ,n[ x has be5 v]ifi$ by hi/ory4 ,rememb]+ :at t message 0--h[ x pr$ict$ woes z ! puni%m5t ( s9s1 h[ x po9t$ out a way ( escape1 h[ x ?rew all ! responsibility ^u ^? p :o 7 s infatuat$ z to reject ! w>n+--we _c read into ! poet's l9es any notion ( absolute pr$e/9ation4 #adh ii4 #ae4 #adi ii4 #af4 #aej ii4 #ag4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is description ( ! mis]ies ( ,j]usalem ! elegi/ confesses 8 own inability to com=t h]4 ,he se>*es = an image l>ge en\gh = a j comp>ison ) su* huge calamities z he has 9 view4 ,8 language resembles t ( our ,"l :5 ,he exclaims1 ,:]eunto %all ,i lik5 ! k+dom ( ,god8#aea a simil>ity :i* may rem9d u t if ! tr\bles ( man are great beyond e>?ly analogy1 s also are ! m]cies ( ,god4 ,comp>e ^! two1 & !re c be no "q z to :i* way ! scale w turn4 ,:]e s9 & mis]y ab\nd grace mu* m ab\nds4 ,b n[ ! poet is conc]n$ ) ! woes ( ,j]usalem1 & he c only f9d "o image ) :i* ^! woes are at all comp>able4 ,h] brea*1 he says1 is great l ! sea1#aeb mean+ t h] calamities are va/ & t]rible z ! sea2 or p]haps t ! ru9 ( ,j]usalem is l t produc$ by ! break+ 9 ( ! sea--a /rik+ image 9 its application to an inl& m\nta9 city2 = no place 0 really saf] f any su* cataclysm ?an ,j]usalem4 ,! analogy is int5tionally f>-fet*$4 ,:at might naturally happ5 to ,tyre1 b c\ld n possibly rea* ,j]usalem1 is nev]!less ! only conceivable type ( ! ev5ts t h actually befall5 ?is ill-fat$ city4 ,! ,jews 7 n a m>itime p4 ,to !m ! sea 0 no delight su* z x is to u4 ,!y spoke ( x ) t]ror1 & %udd]$ to he> f af> ( its ravages4 ,n[ ! deluge ( _! own tr\bles is comp>$ to ! great & t]rible sea4 #aea ,luke xiii4 #bj4 #aeb ii4 #ac4 ,! poet c (f] no com=t = su* mis]y z ?is4 ,8 confession ( helplessness agrees ) :at we mu/ h p]ceiv$ already1 namely1 t ! ,book ( ,lam5tations is n a book ( consolations4 ,x is n always easy to see t ! sympa?y :i* m\rns ) ! suff]] may be q unable to relieve him4 ,! too common mi/ake ( ! fri5d :o comes to %[ sympa?y is ,bildad's & 8 companions' notion t he is call$ ^u to (f] advice4 ,:y %\ld "o :o is n 9 ! s*ool ( affliction assume ! function ( p$agogue to a pupil ( t s*ool1 :o by reason ( ! m]e fact ( 8 pres5ce !re %\ld r be deem$ fit to in/ruct ! outsid]8 ,if he _c com=t ,j]usalem1 h[ev]1 ! elegi/ w pray ) h]4 ,8 late/ ref]5ce to ! ,div9e s\rce ( ! tr\bles ( ! ,jews leads him on to a cry to ,god = m]cy on ! mis]able p4 ,?\gh he may n yet see ! gospel ( grace :i* is ! only ?+ great] ?an ! s9 & mis]y ( man1 he c po9t t[>ds ! direction 9 :i* t glori\s gospel is to dawn on ! eyes ( we>y suff]]s4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 is ! solution ( ! my/]y ( mis]y4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,prophets ,,)\t ,a ,,vision ii4 #i1 #ad ,9 deplor+ ! losses suff]$ by ! daught] ( ,zion ! elegi/ bewails ! failure ( h] prophets to obta9 a vision f ,jehovah4 ,8 language implies t ^! m5 7 /ill l+]+ among ! ru9s ( ! city4 ,app>5tly !y _h n be5 consid]$ by ! invad]s ( suffici5t importance to require transportation ) ,z$ekiah & ! pr9ces4 ,?us !y 7 )9 rea* ( inquir]s1 & d\btless !y 7 m ?an ev] 9 reque/ at a "t :5 _m p]plex$ p]sons 7 anxi\s = pilotage ?r\gh a sea ( tr\bles4 ,x w\ld seem1 too1 t !y 7 try+ to execute _! pr(essional functions4 ,!y s\ght light2 !y look$ 9 ! "r direction--to ,god4 ,yet _! que/ 0 va92 no vision 0 giv5 to !m2 ! oracles 7 dumb4 ,to und]/& ! situation we mu/ recollect ! normal place ( prophecy 9 ! social life ( ,israel4 ,! great prophets ^: names & works h come d[n to u 9 ,scripture 7 always r>e & exceptional m5--voices cry+ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,possibly !y 7 n m sc>ce at ?is "t ?an at o!r p]iods4 ,j]emiah _h n be5 disappo9t$ 9 8 se>* = a ,div9e message4#aec ,! greate/ se] ( visions ev] kn[n to ! _w1 ,ezekiel1 _h already appe>$ among ! captives by ! wat]s ( ,babylon4 ,be=e long ! sublime prophet ( ! re/oration 0 to s\nd 8 trumpet bla/ to awak5 c\rage & hope 9 ! exiles4 ,?\gh pit*$ 9 a m9or key1 ^! v elegies be> witness to ! fact t _! g5tle au?or 0 n :olly defici5t 9 prophetic fire4 ,?is 0 n an age l ! "t ( ,samuel's y\?1 b>r5 ( ,div9e voices4#aed ,x is true t ! inspir$ voices 7 n[ scatt]$ ov] di/ant regions f> f ,j]usalem1 ! anci5t seat ( prophecy4 ,yet ! idea ( ! elegi/ is t ! prophets :o might be /ill se5 at ! site ( ! city 7 depriv$ ( visions4 ,^! mu/ h be5 q diff]5t m54 ,evid5tly !y 7 ! pr(essional prophets1 (ficials :o _h be5 tra9$ 9 music & danc+ to appe> z *ori/]s on fe/ive occasions1 ! equival5t ( ! mod]n d]vi%es2 b :o 7 also s\ght aft] l ! se] ( ,ramah1 to :om "y ,saul resort$ = in=mation ab\t 8 fa!r's lo/ asses1 z simple soo?say]s4 ,su* assi/ance z ^! m5 7 expect$ to give 0 no long] =?com+ at ! reque/ ( tr\bl$ s\ls4 #aec ,see ,j]4 xlii4 #d1 #g4 #aed ,see #a ,sam4 iii4 #a4 ,! l[ & sordid uses to :i* e-day prophecy 0 degrad$ may incl9e u to conclude t ! cessation ( x 0 no v great calamity1 & p]haps to suspect t f fir/ to la/ ! :ole bus9ess 0 a mass ( sup]/ition af=d+ l>ge opportunities = *>latanry4 ,b x w\ld be ra% to adopt ?is extreme view )\t a full] consid]ation ( ! subject4 ,! great mess5g]s ( ,jehovah frequ5tly speak ( ! pr(essional prophets ) ! contempt ( ,socrates = ! pr(essional sophi/s2 & yet ! rebukes :i* !y adm9i/] to ^! m5 = _! unfai?fulness %[ t !y accr$it !m ) important duties & ! gifts ) :i* to execute !m4 ,?us ! lam5t ( ! elegi/ sugge/s a real loss--some?+ m s]i\s ?an ! failure ( assi/ance su* z "s ,roman ,ca?olics try to obta9 f ,/4 ,an?ony 9 ! discov]y ( lo/ prop]ty4 ,! prophets 7 reg>d$ z ! m$ia ( communication betwe5 heav5 & e>?4 ,x 0 because ( ! l[ & n>r[ habits ( ! p t _! gifts 7 (t5 put to l[ & n>r[ uses :i* sav\r$ r ( sup]/ition ?an ( devotion4 ,! belief t ,god did n only reveal ,8 w to great p]sons & on mom5t\s occasions help$ to make ,israel a religi\s nation4 ,t !re 7 humble gifts ( prophecy )9 ! rea* ( ! _m1 & t ^! gifts 7 = ! help+ ( m5 & wom5 9 _! simple/ ne$s1 0 "o ( ! articles ( ! ,hebrew fai?4 ,! qu5*+ ( a ho/ ( small] />s may involve z mu* loss ( life z t ( a few brilliant ones4 ,if prophecy fades out f among ! p1 if ! vision ( ,god is no long] p]ceptible 9 daily life1 if ! ,*ur*1 z a :ole1 is plung$ into gloom1 x is ( little avail to h] t a few *oice s\ls "h & !re pi]ce ! mi/s l solit>y m\nta9 peaks s z to /& alone 9 ! cle> light ( heav54 ,! p]fect condition w\ld be t 9 :i* all ! ,"l's p 7 prophets4 ,if ?is is n yet atta9able1 at all ev5ts we may rejoice :5 ! capacity = communion ) heav5 is widely enjoy$1 & we mu/ deplore x z "o ( ! greate/ calamities ( ! ,*ur* t ! quick5+ influ5ce ( ! prophetic _s %\ld be abs5t f h] assemblies4 ,! ,jews _h n fall5 s l[ t !y c\ld contemplate ! cessation ( communications ) heav5 unmov$4 ,!y 7 f> f ! practical mat]ialism :i* leads its victims to be p]fectly satisfi$ to rema9 9 a condition ( spiritual p>alysis--a totally diff]5t ?+ f ! !oretical mat]ialism ( ,prie/ley & ,tyndall4 ,!y knew t man %all n live by bread alone1 b by e ^w t proce$e? out ( ! m\? ( ,god2 & !re=e !y und]/ood t a fam9e ( ! ^w ( ,god mu/ result 9 z real a />vation z a fam9e ( :eat4 ,:5 we h succe$$ 9 recov]+ ?is ,hebrew /&po9t we %all be prep>$ to recognise t !re are worse calamities ?an bad h>ve/s & seasons ( comm]cial depression2 we %all be br\ght to ackn[l$ge t x is possible to be />v$ 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1 because ! greate/ abundance ( su* food z we h lacks ! elem5ts requisite = our complete n\ri%m5t4 ,accord+ to reports ( sanit>y au?orities1 *ildr5 9 ,irel& are suff]+ f ! sub/itution ( ! less exp5sive & sweet] diet ( maize = ! m :olesome oatmeal on :i* _! p>5ts 7 br\ght up4 ,mu/ x n be confess$ t a simil> sub/itution ( *eap & sav\ry s\l pabulum--9 lit]ature1 music1 amusem5ts--= ! s9c]e milk ( ! ^w & ! /rong meat ( tru? is ! reason :y s _m ( u are n gr[+ up to ! /ature ( ,*ri/8 ,! lib]ty ( prophesy+ = :i* our fa!rs cont5d$ & suff]$ is ours4 ,b x w be a b>r5 h]itage if 9 *]i%+ ! lib]ty we lose ! prophesy+4 ,!re is no gift enjoy$ by ! ,*ur* = :i* %e %\ld be m jeal\s ?an t ( ! prophetic _s4 ,z we look across ! wide field ( hi/ory we mu/ p]ceive t !re h be5 _m dre>y p]iods 9 :i* ! prophets c\ld f9d no vision f ! ,"l4 ,at fir/ sight x w\ld ev5 seem t ! light ( heav5 only %one on a few r>e lum9\s spots1 leav+ ! great] "p ( ! _w & ! long] p]iods ( "t 9 absolute gloom4 ,b ?is pessimi/ic view results f our limit$ capacity to p]ceive ! light t is !re4 ,we look = ! lightn+4 ,b inspiration is n always electric4 ,! prophet's vision is n necess>ily />tl+4 ,x is a vulg> delusion to suppose t revelation mu/ assume a s5sational aspect4 ,x 0 pr$ict$ ( ! ,^w ( ,god inc>nate t ,he %\ld n /rive1 or cry1 or lift up ,8 voice2#aee & :5 ,he came ,he 0 reject$ because ,he w\ld n satisfy ! wond]-seek]s ) a fl>+ port5t--a sign f heav54 ,/ill x _c be d5i$ t !re h be5 p]iods ( b>r5ness4 ,!y are f\nd 9 :at might be call$ ! secul> regions ( ! op]ation ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,a brilliant epo* ( sci5tific discov]y1 arti/ic inv5tion1 or lit]>y production is foll[$ by a "t ( torpor1 feeble imitation1 or m]etrici\s pret5ce4 ,! ,augu/an & ,elizabe?an ages _c be conjur$ back at w4 ,prophets ( nature1 poets1 & arti/s c none ( !m comm& ! p[] ( inspiration4 ,?is is a gift :i* may be )held1 & :i*1 :5 d5i$1 w elude ! mo/ e>ne/ pursuit4 ,we may miss ! vision ( prophecy :5 ! prophets are z num]\s z ev]1 & un=tunately z vocal4 ,! prea*] possesses le>n+ & rhetoric4 ,we only miss "o ?+ 9 him--inspiration4 ,b1 alas6 t is j ! "o ?+ ne$ful4 #aee ,isa4 xlii4 #a4 ,n[ ! "q =ces itself ^u our att5tion1 :at is ! explanation ( ^! v>iations 9 ! di/ribution ( ! _s ( prophecy8 ,:y is ! f\nta9 ( inspiration an int]mitt5t spr+1 a ,be!sda8 ,we _c trace its failure to any %ortness ( supply1 = ?is f\nta9 is f$ f ! inf9ite ocean ( ! ,div9e life4 ,nei!r c we attribute caprice to ,"o ^: wisdom is inf9ite1 & ^: w is con/ant4 ,x may be "r to say t ,god )holds ! vision1 )holds x delib]ately2 b x _c be correct to ass]t t ?is fact is ! f9al explanation ( ! :ole matt]4 ,god mu/ be believ$ to h a reason1 a good & suffici5t reason1 = :atev] ,he does4 ,c we guess :at ,8 reason may be 9 su* a case z ?is8 ,x may be conjectur$ t x is necess>y = ! field to lie fall[ = a season 9 ord] t x may br+ =? a bett] crop subsequ5tly4 ,incessant cultivation w\ld exhau/ ! soil4 ,! eye w\ld be bl9d$ if x _h no re/ f visions4 ,we may be ov]f$2 & ! m nutriti\s our diet is ! great] w be ! dang] ( surfeit4 ,"o ( our *ief ne$s 9 ! use ( revelation is t we %\ld ?or\ghly dige/ its cont5ts4 ,:at is ! use ( receiv+ fre% visions if we h n yet assimilat$ ! tru? t we already possess8 ,sometimes1 too1 no vision c be f\nd = ! simple reason t no vision is ne$$4 ,we wa/e ourselves 9 ! pursuit ( unpr(itable que/ions :5 we %\ld be sett+ ab\t our bus9ess4 ,until we h obey$ ! light t has be5 giv5 u x is fooli% to compla9 t we h n m light4 ,ev5 our pres5t light w wane if x is n foll[$ up 9 practice4 ,b :ile consid]ations su* z ^! mu/ be att5d$ to if we are to =m a s\nd judgm5t on ! :ole "q1 !y d n end ! controv]sy1 & !y sc>cely apply at all to ! p>ticul> illu/ration ( x t is n[ be=e u4 ,!re is no dang] ( surfeit 9 a fam9e2 & x is a fam9e ( ! ^w t we are n[ confront$ )4 ,moreov]1 ! elegi/ supplies an explanation t sets all conjectures at re/4 ,! fault 0 9 ! prophets !mselves4 ,al?\gh ! poet does n connect ! two /atem5ts toge!r1 b ins]ts o!r matt] betwe5 !m1 we _c fail to see t 8 next words ab\t ! prophets be> v closely on 8 lam5t ov] ! d5ial ( visions4 ,he tells u t !y _h se5 visions ( vanity & fooli%ness4#aef ,?is is ) ref]5ce to an e>li] p]iod4 ,!n !y _h _h _! visions2 b ^! _h be5 empty & wor?less4 ,! mean+ _c be t ! prophets _h be5 subject to unavoidable delusions1 t !y _h s\ght tru?1 b _h be5 rew>d$ ) deception4 ,! foll[+ words %[ t ! blame 0 attribut$ entirely to _! own conduct4 ,address+ ! daught] ( ,zion ! poet says3 ,?y prophets h se5 visions = !e4 ,! visions 7 suit$ to ! p to :om !y 7 decl>$--manufactur$1 %all we say8--) ! express purpose ( pleas+ !m4 ,su* a degradation ( sacr$ functions 9 gross unfai?fulness des]v$ puni%m5t2 & ! mo/ natural & reasonable puni%m5t 0 ! )hold+ = ! future ( true visions f m5 :o 9 ! pa/ _h =g$ false ones4 ,! v possibility ( ?is conduct proves t ! influ5ce ( inspiration _h n ! hold ^u ^! ,hebrew prophets t x _h obta9$ ov] ! hea!n prophet ,balaam1 :5 he exclaim$1 9 face ( ! bribes & ?reats ( ! infuriat$ k+ ( ,moab3 ,if ,balak w\ld give me 8 h\se full ( silv] & gold1 ,i _c g beyond ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 to d ei!r good or bad ( m9e own m9d2 :at ! ,"l speake?1 t w ,i speak4#aeg #aef ii4 #ad4 #aeg ,numb4 xxiv4 #ac4 ,x mu/ ev] be t unfai?fulness to ! light we h already receiv$ w b> ! door aga9/ ! adv5t ( m light4 ,!re is no?+ s bl9d+ z ! habit ( ly+4 ,p :o d n speak tru? ultimately prev5t !mselves f p]ceiv+ tru?1 ! false tongue lead+ ! eye to see falsely4 ,?is is ! curse & doom ( all ins9c]ity4 ,x is useless to enquire = ! views ( ins9c]e p]sons2 !y c h no di/9ct views1 no c]ta9 convictions1 because _! m5tal vision is blurr$ by _! long-cont9u$ habit ( conf\nd+ true & false4 ,!n if = once 9 _! lives su* p may really desire to f9d a tru? 9 ord] to assure !mselves 9 "s great em]g5cy1 & !re=e seek a vision ( ! ,"l1 !y w h lo/ ! v faculty ( receiv+ x4 ,! bl9dness & deadness t *>act]ise s mu* ( ! hi/ory ( ?\ght & lit]ature1 art & religion1 are to be attribut$ to ! same disgraceful cause4 ,greek philosophy decay$ 9 ! ins9c]ity ( pr(essional sophi/ry4 ,go?ic art deg5]at$ into ! florid extravagance ( ! ,tudor p]iod :5 x _h lo/ its religi\s motive1 & _h ceas$ to be :at x pret5d$4 ,elizabe?an poetry pass$ ?r\gh euphuism into ! un9spir$ conceits ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,dryd5 re/or$ ! habit ( true spee*1 b x requir$ g5]ations ( arid eighte5? c5tury s9c]ity 9 lit]ature to make ! faculty ( see+ visions possible to ! age ( ,burns & ,%elley & ,wordswor?4 ,9 religion ?is fatal effect ( ins9c]ity is t]ribly app>5t4 ,! =mali/ c nev] become a prophet4 ,cre$s :i* 7 k9dl$ 9 ! fires ( passionate conviction w cease to be lum9\s :5 ! fai? t inspir$ !m has p]i%$2 & !n if !y are /ill repeat$ z dead words by false lips ! unreality ( !m w n only rob !m ( all value1 x w bl9d ! eyes ( ! m5 & wom5 :o are guilty ( ?is falsehood be=e ,god1 s t no new vision ( tru? c be br\ght )9 _! rea*4 ,"h is "o ( ! sn>es t atta* !mselves to ! privilege ( receiv+ a h]itage ( tea*+ f our ance/ors4 ,we c only avoid x by means ( se>*+ inque/s ov] ! dead beliefs :i* a fooli% fondness has p]mitt$ to rema9 unburi$1 poison+ ! atmosph]e ( liv+ fai?4 ,s long z ! fact t !y are dead is n hone/ly admitt$ x w be impossible to e/abli% s9c]ity 9 wor%ip2 & ! ins9c]ity1 :ile x la/s1 w be an impassable b>ri] to ! adv5t ( tru?4 ,! elegi/ has laid 8 f+] on ! p>ticul> =m ( untru? ( :i* ! ,j]usalem prophets _h be5 guilty4 ,!y _h n discov]$ h] iniquity to ! daught] ( ,zion4#aeh ,?us !y _h ha/5$ h] ru9 by keep+ back ! message t w\ld h urg$ _! he>]s to rep5tance4 ,"s int]pret]s h giv5 q a new turn to ! la/ clause ( ! f\rte5? v]se4 ,lit]ally ?is /ates t ! prophets h se5 driv+s away2 & accord+ly x has be5 tak5 to mean t !y pret5d$ to h _h visions ab\t ! captivity :5 ?is 0 an accompli%$ fact1 al?\gh !y _h be5 sil5t on ! subject1 or _h ev5 d5i$ ! dang]1 at ! e>li] "t :5 alone _! words c\ld h be5 ( any use2 or1 aga91 ! words h be5 ?\ght to sugge/ t ^! prophets 7 n[ at ! lat] p]iod pr$ict+ fre% calamities1 & 7 bl9d to ! vision ( hope :i* a true prophet l ,j]emiah _h se5 & decl>$4 ,b su* ideas are ov]-ref9$1 & !y give a twi/ to ! c\rse ( ?\ght t is =eign to ! =m ( ^! direct1 simple elegies4 ,x seems bett] to take ! f9al clause ( ! v]se z a repetition ( :at w5t be=e1 ) a slight v>iety ( =m4 ,?us ! poet decl>es t ! burd5s1 or prophecies1 :i* ^! unfai?ful m5 h pres5t$ to ! p h be5 causes ( bani%m5t4 #aeh ii4 #ad4 ,! cry+ fault ( ! prophets is _! reluctance to prea* to p ( _! s9s4 ,_! mission di/9ctly involves ! duty ( do+ s4 ,!y %\ld n %un to decl>e ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god4 ,x is n )9 ! prov9ce ( ! ambassador to make selections f among ! despat*es ) :i* he has be5 entru/$ 9 ord] to suit 8 own conv5i5ce4 ,!re is no?+ t s p>alyses ! "w ( ! prea*] z ! habit ( *oos+ fav\rite topics & ignor+ less attractive subjects4 ,j 9 proportion z he commits ?is s9 aga9/ 8 vocation he ceases to be ! prophet ( ,god1 & desc5ds to ! level ( "o :o deals 9 obit] dicta1 m]e p]sonal op9ions to be tak5 on _! own m]its4 ,"o ( ! grave/ possible omissions is ! neglect to give due weight to ! tragic fact ( s94 ,all ! great prophets h be5 conspicu\s = _! fidelity to ?is pa9ful & sometimes dang]\s "p ( _! "w4 ,if we w\ld c up a typical picture ( a prophet 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 task1 we %\ld pres5t to our m9ds ,elijah confront+ ,ahab1 or ,john ! ,bapti/ be=e ,h]od1 or ,savon>ola accus+ ,lor5zo de ,m$ici1 or ,john ,knox prea*+ at ! c\rt ( ,m>y ,/u>t4 ,he is ,isaiah decl>+ ,god's abom9ation ( sacrifices & inc5se :5 ^! are (f]$ by blood-/a9$ h&s1 or ,*ryso/om seiz+ ! opportunity t foll[$ ! mutilation ( ! imp]ial /atues at ,antio* to prea* to ! dissolute city on ! ne$ ( rep5tance1 or ,latim] d5\nc+ ! s9s ( ,london to ! citiz5s assembl$ at ,paul's ,cross4 ,! %all[ optimism t disreg>ds ! %ad[s ( life is trebly faulty :5 x appe>s 9 ! pulpit4 ,x falsifies facts 9 fail+ to take acc\nt ( ! /]n realities ( ! evil side ( !m2 x misses ! gr& opportunity ( r\s+ ! consci5ces ( m5 & wom5 by =c+ !m to att5d to unwelcome tru?s1 & ?us enc\rages ! he$lessness ) :i* p ru% headlong to ru92 & at ! same "t x ev5 r5d]s ! decl>ation ( ! graci\s tru?s ( ! gospel1 to :i* x devotes exclusive att5tion1 ineffectual1 because r$emption is mean+less to ^? :o d n recognise ! pres5t slav]y & ! future doom f :i* x br+s deliv]ance4 ,on e acc\nt ! rose-wat] prea*+ t ignores s9 & flatt]s its he>]s ) pleasant words is ?91 insipid1 & lifeless4 ,x tries to w9 popul>ity by e*o+ ! popul> wi%es2 & x may succe$ 9 lull+ ! /orm ( opposition ) :i* ! prophet is commonly assail$4 ,b 9 ! end x mu/ be /]ile4 ,:51 ?r\gh fe> or fav\r1 ! mess5g] ( heav5 ?us pro/itutes 8 mission to suit ! ends ( a l[1 selfi%1 worldly exp$i5cy1 ! v lea/ puni%m5t ) :i* 8 (f5ce c be visit$ is = him to be depriv$ ( ! gifts he has s grossly abus$4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! mo/ specific explanation ( ! failure ( heav5ly visions2 x comes f ! neglect ( e>?ly s94 ,?is is :at breaks ! magician's w&1 s t he c no long] summon ! ,ariel ( inspiration to 8 aid4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,call ,,to ,,pray] ii4 #ah-bb ,x is n easy to analyse ! complicat$ con/ruction ( ! conclud+ portion ( ! second elegy4 ,if ! text is n corrupt its transitions are v abrupt4 ,! difficulty is to adju/ ! relations ( ?ree sections4 ,fir/ we h ! s5t5ce1 ,_! he>t cri$ unto ! ,"l4 ,next comes ! address to ! wall4 ,o wall ( ! daught] ( ,zion1 etc4 ,la/ly1 !re is ! pray] :i* ext5ds f v]se #bj to ! end ( ! poem4 ,! mo/ simple grammatical arrangem5t is to take ! fir/ clause 9 connection ) ! prec$+ v]se4 ,! la/ sub/antive 0 ! ^w adv]s>ies4 ,!re=e 9 ! rig\r ( gramm> ! pron\n %\ld repres5t t ^w4 ,read ?us1 ! s5t5ce relates an action ( ! enemies ( ,israel :5 _! horn has be5 exalt$4 ,! ^w r5d]$ cri$ is "o t w\ld designate a l\d %\t1 & t translat$ ,"l "h is n ! sacr$ "n ,jehovah b ,adonai1 a g5]al t]m t might v well be us$ 9 n>rat+ ! behavi\r ( ! hea!n t[>ds ,god4 ,?us ! phrase w\ld seem to describe ! insol5t %\t ( triumph :i* ! adv]s>ies ( ! ,jews fl+ at ! ,god ( _! victims4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is to be obs]v$ t ! g5]al title ,"l 7,adonai7 is also employ$ 9 ! v next v]se 9 ! direct call to pray]4 ,! he>t1 too1 is m5tion$ aga9 !re z x is "h1 & t to express ! inn] be+ & deepe/ feel+s ( ! afflict$ city4 ,x seems unlikely t ! elegi/ w\ld m5tion a he>t-cry ( ! enemies & describe ?is z address$ to ,! ,"l4 ,probably !n we %\ld apply ?is op5+ clause to ! ,jews1 al?\gh !y _h n be5 nam$ 9 ! ne> context1 a con/ruction fav\r$ by ! abrupt transitions 9 :i* ! elegi/ indulges else:]e4 ,x is ! he>t ( ! ,jews t cri$ unto ! ,"l4 ,n[ ! "q arises1 ,h[ %all we take ?is ass]tion 9 view ( ! words t foll[8 ,! common read+ supposes t x introduces ! imm$iately succe$+ s5t5ces4 ,! he>t ( ! ,jews calls to ! wall ( ! daught] ( ,zion1 & bids x arise & pray4 ,b ) ?is con/ruction we %\ld look = ano!r ^w 7su* z say+7 to introduce ! appeal1 because ! ,hebrew ^w r5d]$ cri$ is usually employ$ absolutely1 & n z ! preface to quot$ spee*4 ,besides1 ! ideas w\ld be /rangely involv$4 ,"s p1 indef9itely designat$ !y1 exhort ! wall to weep & pray6 ,h[ c ?is exhortation to a wall be describ$ z a call+ to ! ,"l8 ,! complication is increas$ :5 ! pray] foll[s %>ply on ! anonym\s appeal )\t a s+le connect+ or explanatory clause4 ,a simpl] int]pretation is to foll[ ,calv9 9 r5d]+ ! fir/ clause absolutely1 b /ill apply+ x to ! ,jews1 :o1 ?\gh !y are n nam$ "h1 are suppos$ to be always 9 m9d4 ,we may n agree ) ! /]n !ologian ( ,g5eva 9 ass]t+ t ! cry ?us designat$ is "o ( impati5t grief fl[+ n f a "r feel+ or f ! true fe> ( ,god1 b f ! /rong & turbid impulse ( nature4 ,! elegi/ furni%es no excuse = ?is some:at ungraci\s judgm5t4 ,aft] 8 mann]1 already famili> to u1 ! poet int]jects a ?\ght--viz41 t ! di/ress$ ,jews cri$ to ,god4 ,?is sugge/s to him ! great value ( ! refuge ( pray]1 a topic on :i* he =?) proce$s to enl>ge fir/ by mak+ an appeal to o!rs1 & !n by himself break+ out into ! direct language ( petition4 ,?is is n ! fir/ occasion on :i* ! elegi/ has %[n 8 fai? 9 ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,b hi!rto he has only utt]$ brief exclamations 9 ! middle ( 8 descriptive passages4 ,n[ he gives a solemn call to pray]1 & foll[s ?is ) a delib]ate1 full petition1 address$ to ,god4 ,we mu/ feel t ! elegy is lift$ to a high] plane by ! new turn t ! ?\ght ( its au?or takes at ?is place4 ,grief is natural2 x is useless to pret5d to be impassive2 &1 al?\gh our ,teutonic habits ( res]ve may make x difficult = u to sympa?ise ) ! viol5t outbur/s t an ,ori5tal p]mits himself )\t any s5se ( %ame1 we mu/ admit t a reasonable expression ( ! emotions is good & :olesome4 ,t5nyson recognises ?is 9 ! well-kn[n lyric :]e he says ( ! dead w>rior's wife-- ,%e mu/ weep or %e w die4 ,nev]!less1 an un*eck$ ru% ( feel+1 n foll[$ by any action1 _c b ev9ce weakness2 x has no lift+ p[]4 ,al?\gh1 if ! emotion is di/ressful1 su* an expression may give relief to its subject1 x is c]ta9ly v depress+ to ! spectator4 ,= ?is reason ! ,book ( ,lam5tations /rikes u z ! mo/ depress+ "p ( ! ,bible--w\ld x n be j to say1 z ! only "p t c be s describ$8 ,b x w\ld n be fair to ?is ,book to suppose t x did no?+ beyond realis+ ! significance ( its title4 ,x conta9s m ?an a melan*oly s]ies ( lam5ts4 ,9 ! passage be=e u ! poet raises 8 voice to a high] /ra94 ,?is new & m elevat$ turn 9 ! elegy is itself sugge/ive4 ,! transition f lam5tation to pray] is always good = ! suff]]4 ,! fir/ action may relieve 8 p5t-up emotions2 x _c de/roy ! s\rce f :i* !y fl[4 ,b pray] is m practical1 = x aims at deliv]ance4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is its lea/ m]it4 ,9 ! v act ( seek+ help f ,god ! s\l is br\ght into clos] relations ) ,him1 & ?is condition ( communion is a bett] ?+ ?an any results t c possibly foll[ 9 ! =m ( answ]s to ! pray]1 great & helpful z ^! may be4 ,! tr\ble t drives u to pray] is a bless+ because ! /ate ( a pray+ s\l is a bless$ /ate4 ,l ! muezz9 on 8 m9>et1 ! elegi/ calls to pray]4 ,b 8 exhortation is address$ to a /range object--to ! wall ( ! daught] ( ,zion4 ,?is wall is to let its te>s fl[ l a riv]4 ,x is s f> p]sonifi$ t m5tion is made ( ! apple ( its eye2 x is call$ ^u to arise1 to p\r out its he>t1 to lift up its h&s4 ,! lic5se ( ,ea/]n poetry p]mits ! unfl9*+ application ( a metaphor to an ext5t t w\ld be consid]$ extravagant & ev5 absurd 9 our own lit]ature4 ,x is only 9 a trave/y ( melodrama t ,%akespe>e p]mits ! ,?isbe ( ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream to address a wall4 ,br[n+ has an exquisitely beautiful little poem apo/rophis+ an old wall2 b ?is is n done s z to leave out ( acc\nt ! actual =m & nature ( 8 subject4 ,walls c n only be beautiful & ev5 sublime1 z ,mr4 ,rusk9 has %ewn 9 8 ,/ones ( ,v5ice2 !y may also wrea! _! sev]e outl9es 9 a multitude ( ?rill+ associations4 ,?is is especially s :51 z 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 x is ! wall ( a city t we are contemplat+4 ,n a new piece ( build]'s "w1 neat & clean & bald1 b>e ( all associations1 z mean+less z 9 too _m cases x is ugly1 b an old wall1 worn by ! pass+ to & fro ( g5]ations t h turn$ to du/ long ye>s ago1 be>+ ! bruises ( w> on its batt]$ face1 crumbl+ to p[d]1 or p]haps half buri$ 9 we$s--su* a wall is eloqu5t 9 its weal? ( associations1 & !re is pa?os 9 ! ?\ght ( its m]e age :5 ?is is consid]$ 9 relation to ! _m m5 & wom5 & *ildr5 :o h re/$ b5ea? its %ad[ at noon1 or %elt]$ !mselves beh9d its solid masonry amid ! t]rors ( w>4 ,! walls t encircle ! anci5t ,engli% city ( ,*e/] & keep alive memories ( m$ival life1 ! bits ( ! old ,london wall t are left /&+ among ! w>eh\ses & (fices ( ! busy m>t ( mod]n comm]ce1 ev5 ! remote wall ( ,*9a = q diff]5t reasons1 & _m ano!r fam\s wall1 sugge/ to u multitud9\s reflections4 ,b ! walls ( ,j]usalem surpass !m all 9 ! pa?os ( ! memories t cl+ to _! old grey /ones4 ,x does n require a great /ret* ( imag9ation to picture ^! walls z once gl[+ & ?robb+ ) an int5se life1 & n[ dream+ ov] ! unfa?omable dep?s ( age-long memories4 ,9 p]sonify+ ! wall ( ,zion1 h[ev]1 ! ,hebrew poet does n indulge 9 reflections su* z ^!1 :i* are m 9 h>mony ) ! mild melan*oly ( ,gray's ,elegy ?an ) ! sadd] mood ( ! m\rn+ patriot4 ,he names ! wall to give unity & concret5ess to 8 appeal1 & to clo! x 9 an atmosph]e ( poetic fancy4 ,b 8 sob] ?\ght 9 ! backgr\nd is direct$ t[>ds ! citiz5s :om t hi/oric wall once enclos$4 ,h]e9 is 8 ju/ification = c>ry+ 8 p]sonification s f>4 ,?is is m ?an a wild apo/rophe1 ! outbur/ ( an excit$ poet's fancy4 ,! imag9ative conceit w+s ! arr[ ( a s]i\s purpose4 ,let u look at ! appeal 9 detail4 ,fir/ ! elegi/ enc\rages a free outfl[ ( grief1 t te>s %\ld run l a riv]1 lit]ally1 l a torr5t--! allusion be+ to "o ( ^? /eep wat]c\rses :i*1 ?\gh dry 9 summ]1 become ru%+ floods 9 ! ra9y season4 ,?is introduction %ews t ! call to pray] is n int5d$ 9 any s5se z a rebuke = ! natural expression ( grief1 nor z a d5ial ( its exi/5ce4 ,! suff]]s _c say t ! poet does n sympa?ise ) !m4 ,x might seem ne$less to give ?is assurance4 ,b anybody :o has attempt$ to (f] exhortation to a p]son 9 tr\ble mu/ h discov]$ h[ delicate 8 task is4 ,let him approa* ! subject z c>efully z he may1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t he w *afe ! quiv]+ n]ves he desires to soo!1 s s5sitive is ! s\l 9 pa9 to any int]f]5ce f )\t4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ! "o me?od by :i* x is at all possible to smoo? ! way ( approa* is an expression ( g5u9e sympa?y4 ,!re may be a deep] reason = ?is enc\ragem5t ( ! expression ( grief z a prelim9>y to a call to pray]4 ,! helplessness :i* x s eloqu5tly proclaims is j ! condition 9 :i* ! s\l is mo/ ready to ca/ itself on ! m]cy ( ,god4 ,calm =titude mu/ always be bett] ?an an undiscipl9$ ab&onm5t to grief4 ,b be=e ?is has be5 atta9$ !re may come an apa?y ( despair1 "u ! influ5ce ( :i* ! feel+s are simply b5umb$4 ,t apa?y is ! v opposite to dry+ up ! f\nta9 ( grief z x may be dri$ 9 ! sun%9e ( love2 x is freez+ x4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds deliv]ance w be to melt ! glaci]4 ,! s\l mu/ feel be=e x c pray4 ,!re=e ! te>s are enc\rag$ to run l torr5ts1 & ! suff]] to give himself no respite1 nor let ! apple ( 8 eye cease f weep+4 ,next ! poet exhorts ! object ( 8 sympa?y--?is /range p]sonification ( ! wall ( ! daught] ( ,zion1 "u ! image ( :i* he is ?9k+ ( ! ,jews--to arise4 ,! weep+ is b a prelim9>y to m promis+ acts4 ,! suff]] is n to sp5d ! long night 9 an unbrok5 fl[ ( grief1 l ! psalmi/ wat]+ 8 c\* ) 8 te>s4#aei ,! v opposite attitude is n[ sugge/$4 ,grief mu/ n be treat$ z a normal condition1 to be acquiesc$ 9 or ev5 enc\rag$4 ,! victim is tempt$ to *]i% 8 sorr[ z a sacr$ *>ge1 to feel hurt if any mitigation ( x is sugge/$1 or a%am$ ( confess+ t relief has be5 receiv$4 ,:5 he has rea*$ ?is condition x is obvi\s t ! sub/ance ( grief has pass$2 ! gho/ ( x t rema9s is fa/ becom+ a h>mless s5tim5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! tr\ble %\ld be /ill ma9ta9+ ! tightness ( its grip on ! he>t1 !re is positive dang] 9 p]mitt+ x to be indulg$ )\t int]mission4 ,! suff]] mu/ be r\s$ if he is to be sav$ f ! disease ( melan*olia4 #aei ,psalm vi4 #f4 ,he mu/ be r\s$ also if he w\ld pray4 ,true pray] is a /r5u\s ef=t ( ! s\l1 requir+ ! mo/ wakeful att5tion & tax+ ! utmo/ en]gy ( w4 ,! ,jew /ood up to pray ) h&s out/ret*$ to heav54 ,! relax$ & feeble devotions ( a somnol5t wor%ipp] mu/ fall flat & fruitless4 ,!re is no value 9 ! l5g? ( a pray]1 b !re is mu* 9 its dep?4 ,x is ! weight ( its e>ne/ness1 n ! compreh5siv5ess ( its topics1 t gives x efficacy4 ,!re=e we mu/ gird up our lo9s to pray j z we w\ld to "w1 or run1 or fight4 ,n[ ! awak5$ s\l is urg$ to cry out 9 ! night1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! night wat*es--t is to say1 n only at ! comm5cem5t ( ! night1 = ?is w\ld require no r\s+1 b at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ( ! ?ree wat*es into :i* ! ,hebrews divid$ ! h\rs ( d>kness--at sunset1 at t5 o clock1 & at two 9 ! morn+4 ,! suff]] is to keep wat* ) pray]--obs]v+ 8 vesp]s1 8 nocturns1 & 8 mat9s1 n ( c\rse to fulfil =ms1 b because1 s9ce 8 grief is cont9u\s1 8 pray] also mu/ n cease4 ,?is is all assign$ to ! night1 p]haps because t is a quiet1 solemn season = undi/urb$ reflection1 :5 !re=e ! grief t requires ! pray] is mo/ acutely felt2 or p]haps because ! "t ( sorr[ is naturally pictur$ z a night1 z a season ( d>kness4 ,proce$+ ) our consid]ation ( ! details ( ?is call to pray]1 we come ^u ! exhortation to p\r out ! he>t l wat] be=e ! face ( ! ,"l4 ,! image "h us$ is n )\t p>allel 9 scripture4 ,?us a psalmi/ exclaims-- ,i am p\r$ out l wat]1 ,& all my bones are out ( jo9t2 ,my he>t is l wax2 ,x is melt$ 9 ! mid/ ( my b[els4#afj #afj ,psalm xxii4 #ad4 ,b ! ideas are n j ! same 9 ! two cases4 ,:ile ! psalmi/ ?9ks ( himself z cru%$ & %att]$1 z ?\gh 8 v be+ 7 dissolv$1 ! ?\ght ( ! elegi/ has m action ab\t x1 ) a delib]ate int5tion & object 9 view4 ,8 image sugge/s complete op5ness be=e ,god4 ,no?+ is to be )held4 ,x is n s mu* t ! secrets ( ! s\l are to be disclos$4 ,! end aim$ at is n confession1 b confid5ce4 ,!re=e :at ! writ] w\ld urge is t ! suff]] %\ld tell ! :ole tale ( 8 grief to ,god1 q freely1 )\t any res]ve1 tru/+ absolutely to ! ,div9e sympa?y4 ,?is confid5ce is a prim>y requisite 9 pray]4 ,until we c tru/ our ,fa!r x is useless to petition = 8 aid2 we c\ld n avail ourselves ( x if x 7 (f]$ u4 ,inde$1 ! s\l mu/ come into relations ( sympa?y ) ,god be=e any real pray] is at all possible4 ,we may g fur!r4 ,! attitude ( s\l t is "h recomm5d$ is 9 itself ! v ess5ce ( pray]4 ,! devotions t consi/ 9 a s]ies ( def9ite petitions are ( second>y wor?1 & sup]ficial 9 comp>ison ) ?is outp\r+ ( ! he>t be=e ,god4 ,to ent] into relations ( sympa?y & confid5ce ) ,god is to pray 9 ! true/1 deepe/ way possible1 or ev5 conceivable4 ,pray] 9 ! he>t ( x is n petition2 t is ! begg>'s resort4 ,x is communion--! *ild's privilege4 ,we mu/ (t5 be z begg>s1 empty ( ev]y?+ be=e ,god2 yet we may also enjoy ! happi] relation%ip ( son%ip ) our ,fa!r4 ,ev5 9 ! extremity ( ne$ p]haps ! be/ ?+ we c d is to spread out ! :ole case be=e ,god4 ,x w c]ta9ly relieve our own m9ds to d s1 & ev]y?+ w appe> *ang$ :5 view$ 9 ! light ( ! ,div9e pres5ce4 ,p]haps we %all !n cease to ?9k ourselves aggriev$ & wrong$2 = :at are our des]ts be=e ! hol9ess ( ,god8 ,passion is allay$ 9 ! /illness ( ! sanctu>y1 & ! indignant prote/ dies ^u our lips z we proce$ to lay our case be=e ! eyes ( ! ,all-,see+4 ,we _c be impati5t any long]2 ,he is s pati5t ) u1 s fair1 s k9d1 s good4 ,?us :5 we ca/ our burd5 ^u ! ,"l we may be surpris$ ) ! discov]y t x is n s heavy z we suppos$4 ,!re are times :5 x is n possible = u to g any fur!r4 ,we d n "k :at relief to ask =1 or ev5 :e!r we %\ld reque/ to be 9 any way deliv]$ f a load :i* x may be our duty to be>1 or ! endurance ( :i* may be a mo/ :olesome discipl9e = u4 ,^! possibilities mu/ always put a re/ra9t ^u ! utt]ance ( positive petitions4 ,b !y d n apply to ! pray] t is a simple act ( confid5ce 9 ,god4 ,! secret ( failure 9 pray] is n t we d n ask en\gh2 x is t we d n p\r out our he>ts be=e ,god1 ! re/ra9t ( confid5ce ris+ f fe> or d\bt simply p>alys+ ! en]gies ( pray]4 ,jesus tea*es u to pray n only because ,he gives u a model pray]1 b mu* m because ,he is 9 ,himself s true & full & w9some a revelation ( ,god1 t z we come to "k & foll[ ,him our lo/ confid5ce 9 ,god is re/or$4 ,!n ! he>t t kn[s its own bitt]ness1 & t %r9ks f p]mitt+ ! /rang] ev5 to m$dle ) its joy--h[ mu* m !n ) its sorr[8--c p\r itself out q freely be=e ,god1 = ! simple reason t ,he is no long] a /rang]1 b ! "o p]fectly intimate & absolutely tru/$ ,fri5d4 ,x is to be not$ t ! elegi/ po9ts to a def9ite occasion = ! outp\r+ ( ! he>t be=e ,god4 ,he s+les out specifically ! suff]+s ( ! />v+ *ildr5--a t]rible subject t appe>s m ?an once 9 ?is elegy1 %ew+ h[ ! horror ( x has fa/5$ on ! imag9ation ( ! poet4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ he>t-r5d+ & my/]i\s +r$i5t 9 ! bitt] cup ( ! woes ( ,j]usalem4 ,if we may br+ any tr\ble to ,god we may br+ ! wor/ tr\ble4 ,s ?is becomes ! ma9 topic ( ! pray] t foll[s4 ,"h ! cases ( ! pr9cipal victims are cit$4 ,prie/ & prophet1 not)/&+ ! dignity ( (fice1 "y man & maid51 old man & little *ild--all alike h fall5 victims4 ,! gha/ly incid5t ( a siege1 :]e hung] has r$uc$ human be+s to ! level ( savage bea/s1 wom5 dev\r+ _! own *ildr51 is "h cit$1 & its cause1 z well z t ( all ! o!r sc5es ( ! great trag$y1 boldly ascrib$ to ,god4 ,x is ,god :o has summon$ ,8 ,t]rors z at o!r times ,he _h summon$ ,8 p to ! fe/ivals ( ! sacr$ city4 ,b if ,god mu/]$ ! :ole army ( calamities x seems "r to lay ! /ory ( ! havoc !y h wr\ght be=e ,8 face2 & ! pray] reads almo/ l an accusation1 or at lea/ an expo/ulation1 a remon/rance4 ,x is n su*1 h[ev]2 = we h se5 t else:]e ! elegi/ makes full confession ( ! guilt ( ,j]usalem & admits t ! doom ( ! wret*$ city 0 q m]it$4 ,/ill if ! dire *a/isem5t is f ! h& ( ,god x is ,god alone :o c br+ deliv]ance4 ,t is ! f9al po9t to be rea*$4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,man ,,t ,,ha? ,,se5 ,,affliction iii4 #a-ba ,:e!r we reg>d x f a lit]>y1 a speculative1 or a religi\s po9t ( view1 ! ?ird & c5tral elegy _c fail to /rike u z by f> ! be/ ( ! five4 ,! workman%ip ( ?is poem is mo/ elaborate 9 conception & mo/ f9i%$ 9 execution1 ! ?\ght is mo/ fre% & /rik+1 & ! spiritual tone mo/ elevat$1 &1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 evangelical4 ,l ,t5nyson1 :o is mo/ poetic :5 he is mo/ arti/ic1 z 9 8 lyrics1 & l all ! great sonnete]s1 ! au?or ( ?is exquisite ,hebrew melody has n f\nd 8 ideas to be cramp$ by ! rigor\s rules ( composition4 ,x w\ld seem t to a ma/] ! elaborate regulations t fett] an inf]ior m9d are no h9drances1 b r in/rum5ts fitt$ to 8 h&1 & all ! m s]viceable = _! exactness4 ,possibly ! arti/ic ref9em5t ( =m /imulates ?\ght & r\ses ! poet to ex]t 8 be/ p[]s2 or p]haps--& ?is is m probable--he selects ! ri*] robe = ! purpose ( clo?+ 8 *oic] conceptions4 ,"h we h ! acro/ics work$ up into triplets1 s t !y n[ appe> at ! beg9n+ ( e l9e1 ea* lett] occurr+ ?ree times successively z an initial1 & ! :ole poem fall+ into sixty-six v]ses or tw5ty-two triplets4 ,yet none ( ! o!r f\r poems h any approa* to ! weal? ( ?\ght or ! uplift+ inspiration t we meet ) 9 ?is highly f9i%$ product ( lit]>y art4 ,?is elegy diff]s f its si/] poems 9 ano!r respect4 ,x is compos$1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1 ! writ] ei!r speak+ ( 8 own exp]i5ce or dramatically p]sonat+ ano!r suff]]4 ,:o is ?is man t ha? se5 affliction8 ,on ! und]/&+ t ,j]emiah is ! au?or ( ! :ole book1 x is commonly assum$ t ! prophet is "h reveal+ 8 own feel+s "u ! multitude ( tr\bles ) :i* he has be5 ov]:elm$4 ,b if1 z we h se51 ?is hypo!sis is1 to say ! lea/1 extremely dubi\s1 ( c\rse ! assumption t has be5 bas$ ^u x loses its w>ranty4 ,no d\bt !re is mu* 9 ! t\*+ picture ( ! afflict$ p]son t agrees ) :at we "k ( ! exp]i5ce ( ! great prophet4 ,& yet1 :5 we look into x1 we d n f9d any?+ ( s specific a "* z to settle u 9 ! conclusion t ! words c\ld h be5 spok5 by no "o else4 ,!re is j ! possibility t ! poet is n describ+ himself at all2 he may be repres5t+ somebody well kn[n to 8 contempor>ies-- p]haps ev5 ,j]emiah1 or j a typical "*1 9 ! mann] ( ,br[n+'s ,dramatis ,p]son4 ,:ile "s my/]y hangs ov] ! p]sonality ( ?is man ( sorr[s ! p[] & pa?os ( ! poem are c]ta9ly height5$ by ! conc5tration ( our att5tion ^u "o individual4 ,few p]sons are mov$ by g5]al /atem5ts4 ,necess>ily ! compreh5sive is all outl9e4 ,x is by ! supply ( ! p>ticul> t we fill up ! details2 & x is only :5 ^! details are pres5t t we h a full-bodi$ picture4 ,if an incid5t is typical x is illu/rative ( its k9d4 ,to "k "o su* fact is to "k all4 ,?us ! sci5ce lectur] produces 8 specim51 & is satisfi$ to tea* f x )\t add+ a numb] ( duplicates4 ,! /udy ( ab/ract reports is mo/ important to ^? :o are already int]e/$ 9 ! subjects ( ^! dre>y docum5ts2 b x is useless z a means ( excit+ int]e/4 ,philan?ropy mu/ visit ! (fice ( ! /ati/ician if x w\ld act ) enlight5$ judgm5t1 & n p]mit itself to become ! victim ( bl9d en?usiasm2 b x 0 n born !re1 & ! sympa?y :i* is its p>5t c only be f\nd among individual in/ances ( di/ress4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! speak] :o rec\nts 8 own mis=tunes is m ?an a casual witness1 m ?an a m]e specim5 pick$ out at r&om f ! heap ( mis]y accumulat$ 9 ?is age ( national ru94 ,he is n simply a man :o has se5 affliction1 "o among _m simil> suff]]s2 he is ! man1 ! well-kn[n victim1 "o pre-em95t 9 di/ress ev5 9 ! mid/ ( a nation full ( mis]y4 ,yet he is n isolat$ on a solit>y peak ( agony4 ,z ! supreme suff]]1 he is also ! repres5tative suff]]4 ,he is n selfi%ly absorb$ 9 ! morbid occupation ( brood+ ov] 8 private grievances4 ,he has ga!r$ into himself ! va/ & t]rible woes ( 8 p4 ,?us he =e%ad[s our ,"l 9 ,8 passion4 ,we _c b be /ruck ) ! aptness ( mu* 9 ?is ?ird elegy :5 x is read 9 ! light ( ! la/ sc5es ( ! gospel hi/ory4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake to say t ^! outp\r+s f ! he>t ( ! ,hebrew patriot 7 int5d$ to convey a prophetic mean+ ) ref]5ce to ano!r ,suff]] 9 a f>-di/ant future4 ,nev]!less ! application ( ! poem to ! ,man ( ,sorr[s is m ?an a case ( lit]>y illu/ration2 = ! idea ( repres5tative suff]+ :i* "h em]ges1 & :i* becomes m def9ite 9 ! picture ( ! s]vant ( ,jehovah 9 ,isa4 liii41 only f9ds its full realisation & p]fection 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is repeat$1 h[ev]1 ) m or less di/9ctness :]ev] ! ,*ri/ _s is reveal$4 ,?us 9 a noble int]pretation ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! ,apo/le is repres5t$ z exp]i5c+-- ,desp]ate tides ( ! :ole _w's angui% ,=c$ ?r\gh ! *annel ( a s+le he>t4#afa #afa ,/4 ,paul1 by ,fr$]ick ,my]s4 ,! portrait ( himself drawn by ! au?or ( ?is elegy is ! m graphic by reason ( ! fact t ! pres5t is l9k$ to ! pa/4 ,! /rik+ comm5cem5t1 ,i am ! man1 etc41 sets ! speak] 9 imag9ation be=e our eyes4 ,! addition :o has se5 7or r1 exp]i5c$7 affliction connects him ) 8 pres5t suff]+s4 ,! unfa?omable my/]y ( p]sonal id5tity "h confronts u4 ,?is is m ?an memory1 m ?an ! l+]+ sc> ( a previ\s exp]i5ce2 x is1 9 a s5se1 ! cont9uance ( t exp]i5ce1 its gho/ly pres5ce /ill haunt+ ! s\l t once knew x 9 ! gl[ ( life4 ,?us we are :at we h ?\ght & felt & done1 & our pres5t is ! p]petuation ( our pa/4 ,! man :o has se5 affliction does n only keep ! hi/ory ( 8 di/resses 9 ! quiet *amb] ( memory4 ,8 own p]sonality has sl[ly acquir$ a dep?1 a fulness1 a rip5ess t remove him f> f ! raw & sup]ficial "* he once 04 ,we are sil5c$ into awe be=e ,job1 ,j]emiah1 & ,dante1 because ^! m5 grew great by suff]+4 ,is x n told ev5 ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ t ,he 0 made p]fect by ! ?+s t ,he suff]$8#afb ,unhappily x _c be said t e h]o ( trag$y climbs to p]fection on ! rugg$ /eps ( 8 t]rible life-drama2 "s m5 are %att]$ by discipl9e :i* proves to be too sev]e = _! /r5g?4 ,*ri/ rose to ,8 highe/ glory by means ( ! cruelty ( ,8 enemies & ! treason ( "o ( ,8 tru/$ disciples2 b cruel wrongs drove ,le> to madness1 & a confidant's trea*]y made a murd]] ( ,o!llo4 ,/ill all :o pass ?r\gh ! ordeal come out o!r ?an !y ent]1 & ! *ange is always a gr[? 9 "s direction1 ev5 ?\gh 9 _m cases we mu/ admit ) sorr[ t ?is is a d[nw>d direction4 #afb ,heb4 v4 #h1 #i4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t "h 9 8 self-portraiture--j z else:]e :5 describ+ ! calamities t h befall5 8 p--! elegi/ attributes ! :ole s]ies ( disa/r\s ev5ts to ,god4 ,?is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,book ( ,lam5tations ?r\gh\t is n[h]e m app>5t ?an 9 ! ?ird *apt]4 ,s close is ! ?\ght ( ,god to ! m9d ( ! writ]1 he does n ev5 ?9k x necess>y to m5tion ! ,div9e "n4 ,he introduces 8 pron\ns )\t any explanation ( _! objects1 say+ ,8 wra? & ,he ha? l$ me1 & s on ?r\gh ! succe$+ v]ses4 ,?is quiet assumption ( a recognis$ ref]5ce ( all t happ5s to "o s\rce1 a s\rce t is tak5 to be s well kn[n t !re is no occasion to "n x1 speaks volumes = ! deep-seat$ fai? ( ! writ]4 ,he is at ! antipodes ( ! too common position ( ^? p :o habitually =get to m5tion ! "n ( ,god because ,he is nev] 9 _! ?\ghts4 ,god is always 9 ! ?\ghts ( ! elegi/1 & t is :y ,he is n nam$4 ,l ,bro!r ,lawr5ce1 ?is man has le>nt to practise ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,9 amplify+ ! acc\nt ( 8 suff]+s1 aft] giv+ a g5]al description ( himself z ! man :o has exp]i5c$ affliction1 & add+ a l9e 9 :i* ?is exp]i5ce is connect$ ) its cause--! rod ( ! wra? ( ,him :o is unnam$1 ?\gh ev] 9 m9d--! /rick5 patriot proce$s to illu/rate & en=ce 8 appeal to sympa?y by means ( a s]ies ( vivid metaphors4 ,?is is ! mo/ crisp & po9t$ writ+ 9 ! book4 ,x hurries u on ) a brea?less ru% ( imag]y1 sc5e aft] sc5e fla%+ out 9 bewild]+ spe$ l ! :irl ( objects we look at f ! w9d[s ( an express tra94 ,let u fir/ glance at ! successive pictures 9 ?is rapidly mov+ panorama ( similes1 & !n at ! g5]al import & unit ( ! :ole4 ,! afflict$ man 0 "u ! ,div9e guidance2 he 0 n ! victim ( bl9d self-w2 x 0 n :5 /ray+ f ! pa? ( "r t he fell into ?is pit ( mis]y4 ,! /range ?+ is t ,god l$ him /raight into x--l$ him into d>kness1 n into light z might h be5 expect$ ) su* a ,guide4#afc ,! fir/ image1 !n1 is t ( a travell] misl$4 ,! p]ception ( ! t]rible tru? t is "h sugge/$ prompts ! writ] at once to draw an inf]5ce z to ! relation 9 :i* ,god /&s to him1 & ! nature & "* ( ! ,div9e treatm5t ( him ?r\gh\t4 ,god1 :om he has tru/$ implicitly1 :om he has foll[$ 9 ! simplicity ( ignorance1 ,god proves to be 8 ,oppon5t6 ,he feels l "o dup$ 9 ! pa/1 & at l5g? undeceiv$ z he makes ! amaz+ discov]y t 8 tru/$ ,guide has be5 turn+ ,8 h& aga9/ him repeat$ly all ! day ( 8 w(ul w&]+s4#afd ,= ! mom5t he drops 8 metaphors1 & reflects on ! dreadful consequ5ces ( ?is fatal antagonism4 ,8 fle% & sk91 8 v body is wa/$ away2 he is s cru%$ & %att]$1 x is z ?\gh ,god _h brok5 8 bones4#afe ,n[ he c see t ,god has n only act$ z an enemy 9 guid+ him into ! d>kness2 ,god's deal+s h %ewn m ov]t antagonism4 ,! helpless suff]] is l a besieg$ city1 & ,god1 :o is conduct+ ! assault1 has ?r[n up a wall r\nd him4 ,) t d>+ mixture ( metaphors1 or1 to be m precise1 ) t fre$om ( sudd5 transition f ! symbol to ! subject symbolis$ :i* we (t5 meet ) 9 ?is ,book1 ! poet calls ! ramp>t ) :i* he has be5 girdl$ gall & travail1#aff = he has felt himself beset ) bitt] grief & we>y toil4#afg #afc iii4 #b4 #afd iii4 #c4 #afe iii4 #d4 #aff ,! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion has travel1 a m]e v>iation 9 spell+4 ,! ^w means pa9ful lab\r1 toil4 #afg iii4 #d4 ,!n ! sc5e *anges4 ,! victim ( ,div9e wra? is a captive langui%+ 9 a dungeon1 :i* is z d>k z ! abodes ( ! dead1 z ! dwell+s ( ^? :o h be5 long dead4#afh ,! horror ( ?is metaphor is int5sifi$ by ! idea ( ! antiquity ( ,hades4 ,h[ dismal is ! ?\ght ( be+ plung$ into a d>kness t is already ag$--a /agnant d>kness1 ! atmosph]e ( ^? :o long s9ce lo/ ! la/ rays ( ! light ( 8 life6 ,!re ! prison] is b\nd by a heavy *a94#afi ,he cries = help2 b he is %ut d[n s l[ t 8 pray] _c rea* 8 ,captor4#agj #afh iii4 #f4 #afi iii4 #g4 #agj iii4 #h4 ,aga9 we see him /ill hamp]$1 ?\gh 9 alt]$ circum/ances4 ,he appe>s z a travell] ^: way is block$1 & t n by "s accid5tal fall ( rock1 b ( set purpose1 = he f9ds ! ob/ruction to be ( c>efully prep>$ masonry1 hewn /ones4#aga ,!re=e he has to turn aside1 s t 8 pa?s become crook$4 ,yet m t]rible does ! ,div9e enmity gr[4 ,:5 ! pilgrim is ?us =c$ to leave ! highroad & make 8 way ?r\gh ! adjo9+ ?ickets 8 ,adv]s>y avails ,himself ( ! cov] to assume a new =m1 t ( a lion or a be> ly+ 9 ambu%4#agb ,! consequ5ce is t ! hapless man is torn z by ! claws & fangs ( bea/s ( prey4#agc ,b n[ ^! wild regions 9 :i* ! wret*$ travell] is w&]+ at ! p]il ( 8 life sugge/ ! idea ( ! *ase4 ,! image ( ! savage animals is defective 9 ?is respect1 t man is _! sup]ior 9 intellig5ce1 ?\gh n 9 /r5g?4 ,b 9 ! pres5t case ! victim is 9 e way inf]ior to 8 ,pursu]4 ,s ,god appe>s z ! ,huntsman1 & ! unhappy suff]] z ! poor hunt$ game4 ,! b[ is b5t1 & ! arr[ direct$ /raight = its m>k4#agd ,nay1 arr[ aft] arr[ has already be5 let fly1 & ! dreadful ,huntsman1 too skilful ev] to miss ,8 m>k1 has be5 %oot+ ! sons ( ,8 quiv] into ! v vitals ( ! object ( ,8 pursuit4#age #aga iii4 #i4 #agb iii4 #aj4 #agc iii4 #aa4 #agd iii4 #ab4 #age iii4 #ac4 ,"h ! poet breaks away f 8 imag]y = a second "t to tell u t he has become an object ( d]ision to all 8 p1 & ! !me ( _! mock+ songs4#agf ,?is is a /rik+ /atem5t4 ,x %ews t ! afflict$ man is n simply "o memb] ( ! smitt5 nation ( ,israel1 %>+ ! common h>d%ips ( ! race ^: badge is s]vitude4 ,he n m]ely exp]i5ces exceptional suff]+s4 ,he meets ) no sympa?y f 8 fell[-c\ntrym54 ,on ! contr>y1 ^! p s f> dissociate !mselves f 8 case t !y c f9d amusem5t 9 8 mis]y4 ,?us1 :ile ev5 a misguid$ ,don ,quixote is a noble "* 9 ! r>e *ivalry ( 8 s\l1 & :ile 8 v delusions are pr(\ndly pa!tic1 _m p c only f9d mat]ial = laught] 9 !m1 & pride !mselves 9 _! sup]ior sanity = s do+1 al?\gh ! tru? is1 _! conduct proves !m to be incapable ( und]/&+ ! l(ty ideals t inspire ! object ( _! empty d]ision2 ?us ,j]emiah 0 mock$ by 8 un?9k+ contempor>ies1 :51 :e!r 9 error1 z !y suppos$1 or wisely1 z ! ev5t %ew$1 he prea*$ an app>5tly absurd policy2 & ?us a great] ?an ,j]emiah1 ,"o z supreme 9 reasonabl5ess z 9 goodness1 0 je]$ at by m5 :o ?\ght ,him at be/ a ,utopian dream]1 because !y 7 grovell+ 9 e>?ly ?\ghts f> out ( rea* ( ! spiritual _w 9 :i* ,he mov$4 #agf iii4 #ad4 ,return+ to imag]y1 ! poet pictures himself z a h>dly us$ gue/ at a fea/4 ,he is f$1 cramm$1 sat$2 b 8 food is bitt]ness1 ! cup has be5 =c$ to 8 lips1 & he has be5 made drunk--n ) pleasant w9e1 h[ev]1 b ) wormwood4#agg ,gravel has be5 mix$ ) 8 bread1 or p]haps ! ?\ght is t :5 he has ask$ = bread /ones h be5 giv5 him4 ,he has be5 compell$ to ma/icate ?is unnatural diet1 s t 8 tee? h be5 brok5 by x4 ,ev5 t result he ascribes to ,god1 say+1 ,he ha? brok5 my tee?4#agh ,x is difficult to ?9k ( ! int]f]5ce ) p]sonal lib]ty be+ c>ri$ f>!r ?an ?is4 ,"h we rea* ! extremity ( cru%$ mis]y4 #agg iii4 #ae4 #agh iii4 #af4 ,review+ ! :ole c\rse ( 8 wret*$ suff]+s f ! climax ( mis]y1 ! man :o has se5 all ?is affliction decl>es t ,god has ca/ him on f peace4#agi ,! ,*ri/ian suff]] kn[s :at a pr(\nd consolation !re is 9 ! possession ( ! peace ( ,god1 ev5 :5 he is pass+ ?r\gh ! mo/ acute agonies--a peace :i* c be ma9ta9$ bo? amid ! wilde/ tempe/s ( ext]nal adv]sity & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! fi]ce/ p>oxysms ( p]sonal angui%4 ,is x n ! ackn[l$g$ secret ( ! m>tyrs' s]5ity8 ,happily _m an obscure suff]] has discov]$ x = himself1 & f\nd x bett] ?an any balm ( ,gilead4 ,?is mo/ preci\s gift ( heav5 to suff]+ s\ls is d5i$ to ! man :o "h bewails 8 dismal fate4 ,s too x 0 d5i$ to ,jesus 9 ! g>d51 & aga9 on ! cross4 ,x is possible t ! d>k day w come :5 x w be d5i$ to "o or ano!r ( ,8 p4 ,!n ! exp]i5ce ( ! mom5t w be t]rible inde$4 ,b x w be brief4 ,an angel m9i/]$ to ! ,suff]] 9 ,ge?semane4 ,! joy ( ! resurrection foll[$ swiftly on ! agonies ( ,calv>y4 ,9 ! elegy we are n[ /udy+ a bur/ ( praise & glad confid5ce breaks out almo/ imm$iately aft] ! l[e/ dep?s ( mis]y h be5 s\nd$1 %ew+ t1 z ,keats decl>es 9 an exquisite l9e-- ,!re is a budd+ morr[ 9 midnight4 #agi iii4 #ag4 ,x is n surpris+1 h[ev]1 t1 = ! "t be+1 ! exce$+ blackness ( ! night keeps ! hope ( a new day q out ( sight4 ,! elegi/ exclaims t he has lo/ ! v idea ( prosp]ity4 ,n only has 8 /r5g? p]i%$1 8 hope 9 ,god has p]i%$ also4#ahj ,happily ,god is f> too good a ,fa!r to deal ) ,8 *ildr5 accord+ to ! measure ( _! despair4 ,he is f\nd by ^? :o are too despond5t to seek ,him1 because ,he is always seek+ ,8 lo/ *ildr51 & n wait+ = !m to make ! fir/ move t[>ds ,him4 #ahj iii4 #ah4 ,:5 we come to look at ! s]ies ( pictures ( affliction z a :ole we %all notice t "o g5]al idea runs ?r\gh !m4 ,?is is t ! victim is h9d]$1 hamp]$1 re/ra9$4 ,he is l$ into d>kness1 besieg$1 imprison$1 *a9$1 driv5 out ( 8 way1 seiz$ 9 ambuscade1 hunt$1 ev5 =c$ to eat unwelcome food4 ,?is mu/ all po9t to a specific "* ( p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,! tr\bles ( ! suff]] h ma9ly assum$ ! =m ( a ?w>t+ ( 8 ef=ts4 ,he has n be5 an indol5t1 weak1 c[>dly creature1 succumb+ at ! fir/ sign ( opposition4 ,to an active man ) a /rong w resi/ance is "o ( ! greate/ ( tr\bles1 al?\gh x w be accept$ meekly1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 by a p]son ( s]vile habits4 ,if ! opposition comes f ,god1 may x n be t ! sev]ity ( ! tr\ble is j caus$ by ! ob/9acy ( self-w8 ,c]ta9ly x does n appe> to be s "h2 b !n we mu/ rememb] ! writ] is /at+ 8 own case4 ,two o!r *>act]i/ics ( ! :ole passage may be m5tion$4 ,"o is ! p]si/5ce ( ! ,div9e antagonism4 ,?is is :at makes ! case look s h>d4 ,! pursu] seems to be ru?less2 ,he w n let 8 victim alone = a mom5t4 ,"o device foll[s %>ply on ano!r4 ,!re is no escape4 ,! second ( ^! *>act]i/ics ( ! passage is a gradual aggravation 9 ! sev]ity ( ! trials4 ,at fir/ ,god is only repres5t$ z a guide :o misleads2 !n ,he appe>s z a besieg+ enemy2 lat] l a de/roy]4 ,& correspond+ly ! tr\bles ( ! suff]] gr[ 9 sev]ity1 till at la/ he is flung into ! a%es1 cru%$ & helpless4 ,all ?is is peculi>ly pa9ful read+ to u ) our ,*ri/ian ?\ghts ( ,god4 ,x seems s utt]ly contr>y to ! "* ( our ,fa!r reveal$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b !n x is n a "p ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation1 nor 0 x utt]$ by a man :o _h receiv$ ! b5efits ( t highe/ tea*+4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is n a complete explanation4 ,! dreadful ?\ghts ab\t ,god t are "h record$ are almo/ )\t p>allel ev5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,h[ contr>y !y are to su* an idea z t ( ! pitiful ,fa!r 9 ,psalm ciii46 ,on ! o!r h&1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t if ev] we h to make all[ance = ! p]sonal equation we mu/ be ready to d s mo/ lib]ally :5 we are li/5+ to ! tale ( 8 wrongs z ?is is rec\nt$ by ! suff]] himself4 ,! n>rator may be p]fectly hone/ & tru?ful1 b x is n 9 human nature to be imp>tial "u su* circum/ances4 ,ev5 :51 z 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 we h reason to believe t ! speak] is "u ! influ5ce ( a ,div9e inspiration1 we h no "r to conclude t ?is gift w\ld enable him to take an all-r\nd vision ( tru?4 ,/ill1 c we d5y t ! elegi/ has pres5t$ to our m9ds b "o facet ( tru?8 ,if we d n accept x z int5d$ = a complete picture ( ,god1 & if we conf9e x to an acc\nt ( ! ,div9e action "u c]ta9 circum/ances z ?is appe>s to "o :o is mo/ pa9fully affect$ by x1 )\t any ass]tion conc]n+ ! ultimate motives ( ,god--& ?is is all we h any ju/ification = do+--x may tea* u important lessons :i* we are too ready to ignore 9 fav\r ( less unpleasant notions4 ,f9ally x w\ld be q unfair to ! elegi/1 & x w\ld give u a totally false impression ( 8 ideas1 if we 7 to g no fur!r ?an ?is4 ,to und]/& him at all we mu/ he> him out4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! fir/ "p ( ?is poem & ! second is />tl+ 9 ! extreme1 & we mu/ n =get t ! two are set 9 ! close/ juxtaposition1 = x is pla9 t ! "o is int5d$ to balance ! o!r4 ,! h>%ness ( ! op5+ words c\ld be p]mitt$ ) ! m d>+1 because a p]fect corrective to any unsatisfactory inf]5ces t might be drawn f x 0 ab\t to be imm$iately suppli$4 ,! triplet ( v]ses #ai to #ba s]ves z a transition to ! picture ( ! o!r side ( ! ,div9e action4 ,x beg9s ) pray]4 ,?us a new note is /ruck4 ,! suff]] kn[s t ,god is n at he>t 8 enemy4 ,s he v5tures to besee* ! v ,be+ conc]n+ ^: treatm5t ( him he has be5 compla9+ s bitt]ly1 to rememb] 8 affliction & ! mis]y x has br\ght on him1 ! wormwood1 ! gall ( 8 h>d lot4 ,hope n[ dawns on him out ( 8 own recollections4 ,:at are ^!8 ,! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion w\ld lead u to ?9k t :5 he uses ! expression1 ,?is ,i recall to my m9d1#aha ! poet is ref]r+ to ! enc\rag+ ideas ( ! v]ses t imm$iately foll[ 9 ! next section4 ,b x is n probable t ! la/ l9e ( a triplet w\ld ?us po9t =w>d to ano!r "p ( ! poem4 ,x is m consonant ) ! me?od ( ! composition to take ?is phrase 9 connection ) :at prec$es x 9 ! same triplet1 & a p]fectly p]missible *ange 9 ! translation ( ! #bj? v]se gives good s5se 9 t connection4 ,we may read ?is3 ,?\ 7,o ,god7 wilt surely rememb]1 = my s\l is b[$ d[n )9 me4 ,?us ! recollection t ,god too has a memory & t ,he w rememb] ,8 suff]+ s]vant becomes ! spr+ ( a new hope4 #aha iii4 #ba4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,unfail+ ,,goodness ,,( ,,god iii4 #bb-d ,al?\gh ! elegi/ has prep>$ u = bright] sc5es by ! m hopeful tone ( an int]m$iate triplet1 ! transition f ! gloom & bitt]ness ( ! fir/ "p ( ! poem to ! gl[+ rapture ( ! second is among ! mo/ />tl+ effects 9 lit]ature4 ,x is sc>cely possible to conceive ( d>k] views ( ,provid5ce1 %ort ( a ,mani*an repudiation ( ! ,god ( ! physical univ]se z an evil be+1 ?an ^? :i* are boldly set =? 9 ! op5+ v]ses ( ! elegy2 we %udd] at ! awful words1 & %r9k f repeat+ !m1 s ne> to ! v]ge ( blasphemy d !y seem to come4 ,& n[ ^? appall+ utt]ances are foll[$ by ! v *oice/ expression ( confid5ce 9 ! b\ndless goodness ( ,god6 ,! writ] seems to leap 9 a mom5t out ( ! deepe/1 d>ke/ pit ( mis]y into ! radiance ( m ?an summ] sunlight4 ,h[ c we acc\nt = ?is extraord9>y *ange ( ?\ght & temp]8 ,x is n en\gh to ascribe ! %>pness ( ! contra/ ei!r to ! clums9ess ( ! au?or 9 giv+ utt]ance to 8 teem+ fancies j z !y occur to him1 )\t any consid]ation = _! be>+s "o ^u ano!r2 or to 8 art 9 design$ly prep>+ an awak5+ %ock4 ,we h /ill to answ] ! "q1 ,h[ c\ld a man ent]ta9 two su* conflict+ curr5ts ( ?\ght 9 close/ juxtaposition8 ,9 _! v =m & /ructure ^! t\*+ elegies reflect ! m5tal calibre ( _! au?or4 ,a wood5 s\l c\ld nev] h inv5t$ _! movem5ts4 ,!y reveal a mo/ s5sitive _s1 a _s t resembles a f9ely /rung in/rum5t ( music1 quiv]+ 9 response to impulses f all directions4 ,p ( a m]curial temp]am5t live 9 a /ate ( p]petual oscillation betwe5 ! mo/ contr>y moods1 & ! viol5ce ( _! despair is always ready to give place to ! en?usiasm ( a new hope4 ,we call !m inconsi/5t2 b _! inconsi/5cy may spr+ f a quick-witt$ capacity to see two sides ( a "q 9 ! "t occupi$ by sl[] m9ds ) ! contemplation ( "o4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 ! revulsion 9 ! m9d ( ! poet may n h be5 s sudd5 z x appe>s 9 8 "w4 ,we c sc>cely suppose t s elaborate a composition z ?is elegy 0 writt5 f beg9n+ to end at a s+le sitt+4 ,inde$1 "h we seem to h ! m>k ( a break4 ,! au?or composes ! fir/ "p 9 an exceptionally gloomy mood1 & leaves ! poem unf9i%$1 p]haps = "s "t4 ,:5 he returns to x on a subsequ5t occasion he is 9 a totally diff]5t frame ( m9d1 & ?is is reflect$ 9 ! next /age ( 8 "w4 ,/ill ! po9t ( importance is ! possibility ( ! v div]se views "h record$4 ,nor is ?is :olly a matt] ( temp]am5t4 ,is x n m or less ! case ) all ( u1 t s9ce absorption ) "o class ( ideas entirely excludes _! opposites1 :5 ! latt] are all[$ to ent] ! m9d !y w ru% 9 ) ! =ce ( a p5t-up flood8 ,!n we are a/oni%$ t we c\ld ev] h =gott5 !m4 ,we build our !ories 9 disreg>d ( :ole regions ( ?\ght4 ,:5 ^! occur to u x is ) ! %ock ( a sudd5 discov]y1 & 9 ! fla% ( ! new light we beg9 at once to take v diff]5t views ( our univ]se4 ,possibly we h be5 oblivi\s ( our own "*1 until sudd5ly we are awak5$ to our true /ate1 to be ov]:elm$ ) %ame at an unexpect$ revelation ( sordid meanness1 ( despicable selfi%ness4 ,or p]haps ! vision is ( ! he>t ( ano!r p]son1 ^: quiet1 unassum+ goodness we h n appreciat$1 because x has be5 s unv>y+ & dep5dable t we h tak5 x z a matt] ( c\rse1 l ! daily sunrise1 nev] p]ceiv+ t ?is v con/ancy is ! highe/ m]it4 ,we h be5 m grateful = ! occasional lapses into k9dness ) :i* habitually *urli% p h surpris$ u4 ,!n !re has come ! revelation1 9 :i* we h be5 made to see t a sa9t has be5 walk+ by our side all ! day4 ,_m ( u are v sl[ 9 rea*+ a simil> discov]y conc]n+ ,god4 ,b :5 we beg9 to take a "r view ( ,8 relations to u we are amaz$ to ?9k t we _h n p]ceiv$ !m be=e1 s ri* & full & ab\nd+ are ! pro(s ( ,8 exce$+ goodness4 ,/ill x may seem to u a /range ?+ t ?is mo/ p]fect expression ( a joy\s assurance ( ! m]cy & compassion ( ,god %\ld be f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,lam5tations ( all places4 ,x may well give he>t to ^? :o h n s\nd$ ! dep?s ( sorr[1 z ! au?or ( ^! sad poems _h done1 to le>n t ev5 he _h be5 able to recognise ! m]ciful k9dness ( ,god 9 ! l>ge/ possible measure4 ,a little reflection1 h[ev]1 %\ld tea* u t x is n s unnatural a ?+ = ?is gem ( grateful appreciation to appe> :]e x is4 ,we d n f9d1 z a rule1 t ! mo/ prosp]\s p are ! =emo/ to recognise ! love ( ,god4 ,! rev]se is v frequ5tly ! case4 ,if prosp]ity is n always accompani$ by call\s +ratitude--& ( c\rse x w\ld be grossly unju/ to ass]t any?+ s h>%--at all ev5ts x is c]ta9 t adv]sity is f> f bl9d+ our eyes to ! bright] side ( ! revelation ( ,god4 ,sometimes x is ! v means by :i* !y are op5$4 ,9 tr\ble ! bless+s ( ! pa/ are be/ valu$1 & 9 tr\ble ! ne$ ( ,god's compassion is mo/ acutely felt4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! s(t5+ influ5ce ( sorr[ seems to h a m direct effect ^u our s5se ( ,div9e goodness4 ,p]haps1 too1 x is "s comp5sation = melan*oly1 t p]sons :o are afflict$ ) x are mo/ responsive to sympa?y4 ,! morbid1 despond5t poet ,c[p] has writt5 mo/ exquisitely ab\t ! love ( ,god4 ,watts is en?usia/ic 9 8 praise ( ! ,div9e grace2 b a deep] note is s\nd$ 9 ! ,olney hymns1 z1 = example1 9 t beg9n+ ) ! l9e-- ,h>k1 my s\l1 x is ! ,"l4 ,:ile read+ ?is hymn to-day we _c fail to feel ! peculi> ?rill ( p]sonal emotion t /ill quiv]s ?r\gh its liv+ words1 reveal+ ! v s\l ( _! au?or4 ,?is is m ?an joy\s praise2 x is ! expression ( a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! compassion ( ,god 9 times ( deepe/ ne$4 ,! same s5sitive poet has giv5 u a description ( ! v condition t is illu/rat$ by ! passage 9 ! ,hebrew elegi/ we are n[ consid]+1 9 l9es :i*1 famili> z !y are1 acquire a fre% mean+ :5 read 9 ?is association--! l9es-- ,sometimes a light surprises ,! ,*ri/ian :ile he s+s3 ,x is ! ,"l :o rises ,) heal+ 9 ,8 w+s4 ,:5 com=ts are decl9+1 ,he grants ! s\l1 aga91 ,a season ( cle> %9+1 ,to *e] x aft] ra94 ,we may ?ank ! ,calv9i/ic poet = "h t\*+ on ano!r side ( ! subject4 ,he rem9ds u t x is ,god :o br+s ab\t ! unexpect$ joy ( r5ew$ tru/ 9 ,8 unfail+ m]cy4 ,! sorr[ful s\l is1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 visit$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! effect ( contact ) ! ,div9e is t scales fall f ! eyes ( ! surpris$ suff]]4 ,if x is "r to say t "o portion ( ,scripture is m inspir$ ?an ano!r we mu/ feel t !re is m ,div9e light 9 ! second "p ( ?is elegy ?an 9 ! fir/4 ,x is ?is surpris+ light f ,heav5 t ultimately acc\nts = ! sudd5 revolution 9 ! feel+s ( ! poet4 ,9 8 new consci\sness ( ! love ( ,god ! elegi/ is fir/ /ruck by its amaz+ p]si/5ce4 ,probably we %\ld foll[ ! ,t>gum & ! ,syriac v]sion 9 r5d]+ ! tw5ty-second v]se ?us-- ,! ,"l's m]cies1 v]ily !y cease n1 etc41 in/ead ( ! usual ,engli% r5d]+-- ,x is ( ! ,"l's m]cies t we are n consum$1 etc4 ,!re are two reasons = ?is em5dation4 ,fir/1 ! mom5t>y transition to ! plural we is h>% & improbable4 ,x is true ! au?or makes a some:at simil> *ange a little lat]2#ahb b !re x is 9 an ext5d$ passage1 & "o 9 :i* he evid5tly wi%es to repres5t 8 p ) ideas t are manife/ly appropriate to ! community at l>ge4 ,"h1 on ! o!r h&1 ! s5t5ce breaks into ! mid/ ( p]sonal reflections4 ,second--& ?is is ! pr9cipal consid]ation--! balance ( ! phrases1 :i* is s c>efully obs]v$ ?r\gh\t ?is elegy1 is upset by ! common r5d]+1 b re/or$ by ! em5dation4 ,! topic ( ! triplet 9 :i* ! disput$ passage occurs is ! amaz+ p]si/5ce ( ,god's goodness to ,8 suff]+ *ildr54 ,! propos$ alt]ation is 9 h>mony ) ?is4 #ahb iii4 #dj-h4 ,! ?\ght "h pres5t$ to u re/s on ! tru? ( ! et]nity & ess5tial *angelessness ( ,god4 ,we _c ?9k ( ,him z ei!r fickle or fail+2 to d s w\ld be to cease to ?9k ( ,him z ,god4 ,if ,he is m]ciful at all ,he _c be m]ciful only spasmodically1 erratically1 or tempor>ily4 ,= all t1 we ne$ n reg>d ^! he>t-/irr+ utt]ances z ! expressions ( a self-evid5t truism4 ,! wond] & glory ( ! idea !y dilate ^u are n ! less = ! fact t we %\ld ent]ta9 no d\bt ( its tru?4 ,! c]ta9ty t ! "* ( ,god is good & great does n detract f ,8 goodness or ,8 greatness4 ,:5 we are assur$ t ,8 nature is n fallible our contemplation ( x does n cease to be an act ( adoration4 ,on ! contr>y1 we c wor%ip ! immutable p]fection ( ,god ) full] praises ?an we %\ld give to fitful gleams ( less abid+ qualities4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 our religi\s exp]i5ce is nev] ! simple conclusion ( b>e logic4 ,our feel+s1 & n ^! only1 b also our fai?1 ne$ repeat$ assurances ( ! cont9uance ( ,god's goodness1 because x seems z ?\gh !re 7 s mu* to absorb & qu5* x4 ,!re=e ! p]ception ( ! fact ( its cont9uance takes ! =m ( a glad wond] t ,god's m]cies d n cease4 ,?us x is amaz+ to u t ^! m]cies are n consum$ by ! multitude ( ! suff]]s :o are dep5d5t ^u !m--! ext5t ( ,god's family n 9 any way cramp+ ,8 means to give ! ri*e/ inh]itance to ea* ( 8 *ildr52 nor by ! dep? ( individual ne$--no s+le s\l hav+ wants s extreme or s peculi> t 8 aid _c avail entirely = !m2 nor by ! %ock+ ill-des]t ( ! mo/ unwor?y ( mank9d--ev5 s91 :ile x necess>ily excludes ! guilty f any pres5t enjoym5t ( ! love ( ,god1 n really qu5*+ t love or preclud+ a future p>ticipation 9 x on condition ( rep5tance2 nor by ! we>+ ( "t1 b5ea? :i* ev5 granite rocks crumble to p[d]4 ,! elegi/ decl>es t ! reason :y ,god's m]cies are n consum$ is t 8 compassions d n fail4 ,?us he goes beh9d ! k9d actions ( ,god to _! orig9at+ motives4 ,to a man 9 ! condition ( ! writ] ( ?is poem ( p]sonal confid5ces ! ,div9e sympa?y is ! "o fact 9 ! univ]se ( supreme importance4 ,s w x be to e suff]] :o c assure himself ( ! tru? ( x4 ,b is ?is only a consolation = ! sorr[+8 ,! pa?os1 ! v trag$y ( human life on e>?1 %\ld make ! sympa?y ( ,god ! mo/ preci\s fact ( exi/5ce to all mank9d4 ,portia rightly rem9ds ,%ylock t we all d look = m]cy2 b if s1 ! spr+ ( m]cy1 ! ,div9e compassion1 mu/ be ! "o s\rce ( true hope = e s\l ( man4 ,:e!r we are to attribute x to s9 alone1 or :e!r !re may be o!r d>k1 my/]i\s +r$i5ts 9 human sorr[1 !re c be no d\bt t ! deepe/ ne$ is t ,god %\ld h pity on ,8 *ildr54 ,! wor%ip ( heav5 among ! angels may be "o pure song ( joy2 b "h1 ev5 ?\gh we are privileg$ to %>e ! gladness ( ! cele/ial praises1 a pla9tive note w m+le ) our an!m ( adoration1 because a plead+ cry mu/ ev] g up f burd5$ spirits2 & :5 relief is ackn[l$g$ our ?anksgiv+ mu/ s+le out ! compassion ( ,god = deepe/ gratitude4 ,x is mu*1 !n1 to "k t ,god n only helps ! ne$y--t is to say1 all mank9d--b t ,he feels ) ,8 suff]+ *ildr54 ,! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews has taught u to see ?is reassur+ tru? mo/ cle>ly 9 ! revelation ( ,god 9 ,8 ,son1 repeat$ly dwell+ on ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/ z ! means by :i* ,he 0 br\ght into sympa!tic1 helpful relations to ! suff]+s ( mank9d4#ahc #ahc ,heb4 ii4 #ah1 iv4 #ae4 ,fur!r1 ! elegi/ decl>es t ! special =m tak5 by ^! unceas+ m]cies ( ,god is daily r5ewal4 ,! love ( ,god is con/ant--"o *angeless ,div9e attribute2 b ! manife/ations ( t love are necess>ily successive & v>i\s accord+ to ! successive & v>i\s ne$s ( ,8 *ildr54 ,we h n only to praise ,god = ,8 et]nal1 immutable goodness1 va/ & wond]ful z t is2 to our p]ceptions1 at all ev5ts1 8 imm$iate1 pres5t actions are ev5 m significant because !y %ew ,8 p]sonal int]e/ 9 individual m5 & wom51 & ,8 liv+ activity at ! v crisis ( ne$4 ,!re is a c]ta9 alo(ness1 a c]ta9 *illness1 9 ! ?\ght ( anci5t k9dness1 ev5 ?\gh ! effects ( x may rea* to our own day 9 full & abundant /reams4 ,b ! liv+ ,god is an active ,god1 :o works 9 ! pres5t z effectually z ,he work$ 9 ! pa/4 ,!re is ano!r side to ?is tru?4 ,x is n suffici5t to h receiv$ ! grace ( ,god once = all4 ,if ,he give? m grace1 x is because we ne$ m grace4 ,?is is a /ream t mu/ be ev] fl[+ into ! s\l1 n ! /orage ( a tank fill$ once = all & left to s]ve = a lifetime4 ,!re=e ! *annel mu/ be kept con/antly cle>1 or ! grace w fail to rea* u1 al?\gh 9 itself x nev] runs dry4 ,!re is some?+ *e]+ 9 ! poet's idea ( ! morn+ z ! "t :5 ^! m]cies ( ,god are r5ew$4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t he is ?9k+ ( r5ewals ( brightness aft] d>k seasons ( sorr[1 su* z are sugge/$ by ! words ( ! psalmi/-- ,weep+ may come 9 to lodge at ev51 ,b joy come? 9 ! morn+4#ahd #ahd ,heb4 ii4 #ah1 iv4 #ae4 ,?is idea1 h[ev]1 w\ld weak5 ! =ce ( ! passage1 :i* goes to %ew t ,god's m]cies d n fail1 are n int]rupt$4 ,! emphasis is on ! ?\ght t no day is )\t ,god's new m]cies1 n ev5 ! day ( d>ke/ tr\ble2 & fur!r1 !re is ! sugge/ion t ,god is nev] dilatory 9 com+ to our aid4 ,he does n keep u wait+ & we>y+ :ile ,he t>ries4 ,he is prompt & e>ly ) ,8 grace4 ,! idea may be comp>$ ) t ( ! promise to ^? :o seek ,god e>ly1 lit]ally1 9 ! morn+4#ahe ,or we may ?9k ( ! night z ! "t ( repose1 :5 we are oblivi\s ( ,god's goodness1 al?\gh ev5 ?r\gh ! h\rs ( d>kness ,he :o nei!r slumb]s nor sleeps is con/antly wat*+ ov] ,8 unconsci\s *ildr54 ,!n 9 ! morn+ !re dawns on u a fre% p]ception ( ,8 goodness4 ,if we are to realise ! bless+ s\ght 9 ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne's pray]1 & ,awake into "s holy ?\ght1 no m holy ?\ght c be desir$ ?an a grateful recognition ( ! new m]cies on :i* our eyes op5 ) ! new day4 ,a morn+ s graci\sly welcom$ is ! h]ald ( a day ( /r5g? & happy confid5ce4 #ahe ,prov4 viii4 #ag4 ,to ! notion ( ! morn+ r5ewal ( ! m]cies ( ,god ! poet app5ds a recognition ( ,8 great fai?fulness4 ,?is is an additional ?\ght4 ,fai?fulness is m ?an compassion4 ,!re is a /r5g? & a /ability ab\t ! idea t goes fur!r to insure confid5ce4 ,x is m ?an ! fact t ,god is true to ,8 ^w1 t ,he w c]ta9ly p]=m :at ,he has def9itely promis$4 ,fidelity is n conf9$ to compacts--x is n limit$ to ! "q ( :at is 9 ! bond2 x conc]ns p]sons r ?an phrases4 ,to be fai?ful to a fri5d is m ?an to keep "o's ^w to him4 ,we may h giv5 him no pl$ge2 & yet we mu/ confess to an obligation to be true--to be true to ! man himself4 ,n[ :ile we are call$ ^u to be loyal to ,god1 !re is a s5se 9 :i* we may v5ture )\t irrev]5ce to say t ,he may be expect$ to be fai?ful to u4 ,he is our ,creator1 & ,he has plac$ u 9 ?is _w by ,8 own w2 ,8 relations ) u _c cease at ?is po9t4 ,s ,moses plead$ t ,god1 hav+ l$ ,8 p into ! wild]ness1 c\ld n des]t !m !re2 & ,j]emiah ev5 v5tur$ on ! d>+ pray]-- ,d n disgrace ! ?rone ( ,?y glory4#ahf #ahf ,j]4 xiv4 #ba4 ,x is because we are sure ! j & true ,god c\ld nev] d any?+ s base t ,8 fai?fulness becomes ! gr\nd ( p]fect confid5ce4 ,x may be said1 on ! o!r h&1 t we _c claim any good ?+ f ,god on ! score ( m]it1 because we only des]ve wra? & puni%m5t4 ,b ?is is n a "q ( m]it4 ,fidelity to a fri5d is n exhau/$ :5 we h treat$ him accord+ to 8 des]ts4 ,x ext5ds to a treatm5t ( him 9 accordance ) ! direct claims ( fri5d%ip1 claims :i* are to be measur$ by ne$ r ?an by m]it4 ,! conclusion drawn f ^! consid]ations is giv5 9 an e*o f ! ,psalms-- ,! ,"l is my portion4#ahg #ahg ,psalm lxxiii4 #bf4 ,! words are old & well-worn2 b !y obta9 a new mean+ :5 adopt$ z ! expression ( a new exp]i5ce4 ,! lips h (t5 *ant$ !m 9 ! wor%ip ( ! sanctu>y4 ,n[ !y are ! voice ( ! s\l1 ( ! v life4 ,!re is no plagi>ism 9 su* a quotation z ?is1 al?\gh 9 mak+ x ! poet does n turn aside to ackn[l$ge 8 obligation to ! e>li] au?or :o co9$ ! immortal phrase4 ,! seizure ( ! old words by ! s\l ( ! new writ] make !m 8 own 9 ! deepe/ s5se1 because "u ^! circum/ances x is n _! lit]>y =m1 b _! spiritual significance1 t gives !m _! value4 ,?is is true ( ! mo/ frequ5tly quot$ words ( ,scripture4 ,!y are new words to e s\l t adopts !m z ! expression ( a new exp]i5ce4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! exp]i5ce n[ rea*$ is some?+ ov] & above ! consci\s reception ( daily m]cies4 ,! ,giv] is great] ?an ,8 gifts4 ,god is fir/ kn[n by means ( ,8 actions1 & !n be+ ?us kn[n ,he is recognis$ z ,himself ! portion ( ,8 p1 s t to possess ,him is _! "o satisfy+ joy 9 ! pres5t & _! "o inspir+ hope = ! future4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,quiet ,,wait+ iii4 #be-cf ,hav+ /ruck a ri* ve91 our au?or proce$s to "w x ) en]gy4 ,pursu+ ! ideas t fl[ out ( ! great tru? ( ! endless goodness ( ,god1 & ! imm$iate inf]5ce t ,he ( :om s wond]ful a "* c be affirm$ is ,himself ! s\l's be/ possession1 ! poet enl>ges ^u _! wid] relations4 ,he mu/ adju/ 8 views ( ! :ole _w to ! new situation t is ?us op5+ out be=e him4 ,all ?+s are new 9 ! light ( ! spl5did vision be=e :i* 8 gloomy m$itations h vani%$ l a dream4 ,he sees t he is n alone 9 enjoy+ ! supreme bless$ness ( ! ,div9e love4 ,! revelation t has come to him is applicable to o!r m5 if !y w b fulfil ! conditions to :i* x is atta*$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is necess>y to p]ceive cle>ly :at ^? conditions are on :i* ! happy exp]i5ce ( ,god's unfail+ m]cies may be enjoy$ by any man4 ,! prim>y requisite is affirm$ to be quiet wait+4#ahh ,! passivity ( ?is attitude is acc5tuat$ 9 a v>iety ( expressions4 ,x is difficult = u ( ! mod]n we/]n _w to appreciate su* tea*+4 ,no d\bt if x /ood by itself x w\ld be s "o-sid$ z to be positively mislead+4 ,b ?is is no m ?an mu/ be said ( any ( ! be/ lessons ( life4 ,we require ! balanc+ ( sep>ate tru?s 9 ord] to obta9 tru?1 z we want ! concurr5ce ( diff]5t impulses to produce ! resultant ( a "r direction ( life4 ,b 9 ! pres5t case ! opposite end ( ! scale has be5 s mu* ov]weight$ t we sorely ne$ a v consid]able addition on ! side to :i* ! elegi/ "h leans4 ,c>lyle's gospel ( "w--a mo/ :olesome message z f> z x w5t--fell on cong5ial ,anglo-,saxon soil2 & ?is & ! l tea*+ ( k9dr$ m9ds has br\ght =? a ri* h>ve/ 9 ! social activity ( mod]n ,engli% life4 ,! ,*ur* has le>nt ! duty ( work+--:i* is well4 ,%e does n appe> s capable ( atta9+ ! bless$ness ( wait+4 ,our age is 9 no dang] ( ! dream9ess ( quietism4 ,b we f9d x h>d to cultivate :at ,wordswor? calls wise passiv5ess4 ,& yet 9 ! he>t ( u we feel ! lack ( ?is _s ( quiet4 ,*>les ,lamb's essay on ! ,quak]s' ,meet+ *>ms u1 n only on acc\nt ( its exquisite lit]>y /yle1 b also because x reflects a phase ( life :i* we own to be mo/ beautiful4 #ahh iii4 #bf4 ,! wait+ "h recomm5d$ is m ?an simple passiv5ess1 h[ev]1 m ?an a b>e negation ( action4 ,x is ! v opposite ( le?>gy & torpor4 ,al?\gh x is quiet1 x is n asleep4 ,x is op5-ey$1 wat*ful1 expectant4 ,x has a def9ite object ( anticipation1 = x is a wait+ = ,god & ,8 salvation2 & !re=e x is hopeful4 ,nay1 x has a c]ta9 activity ( its own1 = x seeks ,god4 ,/ill1 ?is activity is inw>d & quiet2 its imm$iate aim is n to get at "s visible e>?ly end1 h[ev] mu* ?is may be desir$1 nor to atta9 "s inw>d p]sonal exp]i5ce1 "s /age 9 ! s\l's culture1 su* z peace1 or purity1 or p[]1 al?\gh ?is may be ! ultimate object ( ! pres5t anxiety2 prim>ily x seeks ,god--all else x leaves 9 ,8 h&s4 ,?us x is r a *ange 9 ! tone & direction ( ! s\l's en]gies ?an a /ate ( repose4 ,x is ! attitude ( ! wat*man on 8 lonely t[]--calm & /ill1 b ke5-ey$ & al]t1 :ile d[n bel[ 9 ! cr[d$ city "s fret !mselves ) futile toil & o!rs slumb] 9 /upid indiff]5ce4 ,to ?is wait+ = ,him & def9ite seek+ ( ,him ,god responds 9 "s special manife/ation ( m]cy4 ,al?\gh1 z ,jesus ,*ri/ tells u1 our ,fa!r 9 heav5 make? ,8 sun to rise on ! evil & ! good1 & s5de? ra9 on ! j & ! unju/1#ahi ! fact "h di/9ctly impli$1 t ! goodness ( ,god is exceptionally enjoy$ on ! conditions n[ laid d[n1 is also support$ by our ,"l's tea*+ 9 ! exhortations1 ,ask1 & x %all be giv5 y2 seek1 & ye %all f9d2 knock1 & x %all be op5$ to y2 = e "o t aske? receive?2 & he t seeke? f9de?2 & to him t knocke? x %all be op5$4#aij ,/4 ,james adds1 ,ye h n because ye ask n4#aia ,?is1 !n1 is ! me?od ( ! ,div9e proc$ure4 ,god expects ,8 *ildr5 to wait on ,him z well z to wait = ,him4 ,we _c consid] su* an expectation unreasonable4 ,( c\rse x w\ld be fooli% to imag9e ,god piqu+ ,himself on ,8 own dignity1 s z to decl9e aid until ,he _h be5 gratifi$ by a due obs]vance ( homage4 ,!re is a deep] motive = ! requirem5t4 ,god's relations ) m5 & wom5 are p]sonal & individual2 & :5 !y are mo/ happy & helpful !y always involve a c]ta9 reciprocity4 ,x may n be necess>y or ev5 wise to dem& def9ite ?+s f ,god :5ev] we seek ,8 assi/ance2 = ,he kn[s :at is good1 :ile we (t5 blund] & ask amiss4 ,b ! seek+ "h describ$ is ( a diff]5t "*4 ,x is n seek+ ?+s2 x is seek+ ,god4 ,?is is always good4 ,! attitude ( tru/ & expectancy t x necessitates is j t 9 :i* we are br\ght into a receptive /ate4 ,x is n a "q ( ,god's will+ness to help2 ,he is always will+4 ,b x _c be fitt+ t ,he %\ld act t[>ds u :5 we are di/ru/ful1 indiff]5t1 or rebelli\s1 exactly z ,he w\ld act if ,he 7 approa*$ 9 submission & tru/ful expectation4 #ahi ,matt4 v4 #de4 #aij vii4 #g1 #h4 #aia ,james iv4 #b4 ,quiet wait+1 !n1 is ! "r & fitt+ condition = ! reception ( bless+ f ,god4 ,b ! elegi/ holds m ?an ?is4 ,9 8 e/imation ! /ate ( m9d he "h comm5ds is itself good = a man4 ,x is c]ta9ly good 9 contra/ ) ! unhappy alt]natives--feeble fuss9ess1 we>+ anxiety1 indol5t neglig5ce1 or blank despair4 ,x is good also z a positive condition ( m9d4 ,he has rea*$ a happy inw>d atta9m5t :o has cultivat$ ! faculty ( possess+ 8 s\l 9 pati5ce4 ,8 eye is cle> = visions ( ! unse54 ,to him ! deep f\nta9s ( life are op54 ,tru? is 81 & peace & /r5g? also4 ,:5 we add to ?is calmness ! di/9ct aim ( seek+ ,god we may see h[ ! bless$ness ( ! condition recomm5d$ is va/ly enhanc$4 ,we are all ins5sibly m\ld$ by our desires & aims4 ,! expectant s\l is trans=m$ into ! image ( ! hope x pursues4 ,:5 its treasure is 9 heav5 its he>t is !re also1 & !re=e its v nature becomes heav5ly4 ,to 8 reflections on ! bless$ness ( quiet wait+ ! elegi/ adds a v def9ite ^w ab\t ano!r exp]i5ce1 decl>+ t x is good = a man t he be> ! yoke 9 8 y\?4#aib ,?is int]e/+ ass]tion seems to s\nd an autobiographical note1 especially z ! :ole poem treats ( ! writ]'s p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,"s h inf]r$ t ! au?or mu/ h be5 a "y man at ! "t ( writ+4 ,b if1 z seems probable1 he is call+ to m9d :at he has himself pass$ ?r\gh1 ?is may be a recollection ( a mu* e>li] p]iod ( 8 life4 ,?us he w\ld seem to be recognis+1 9 ! calm ( subsequ5t reflection1 :at p]haps he may h be5 f> f admitt+ :ile be>+ ! burd5s1 t ! lab\rs & h>d%ips ( 8 y\? prove to h be5 = 8 own advantage4 ,?is tru? is (t5 p]ceiv$ 9 ! m$itations ( mature life1 al?\gh x is n s easily ackn[l$g$ 9 ! h\rs ( /ra9 & /ress4 #aib iii4 #bg4 ,x is impossible to say :at p>ticul> yoke ! writ] is ?9k+ ab\t4 ,! p]secutions inflict$ on ,j]emiah h be5 cit$ 9 illu/ration ( ?is passage2 & al?\gh we may n be able to ascribe ! poem to ! great prophet1 8 toils & tr\bles w s]ve z in/ances ( ! tru? ( ! words ( ! anonym\s writ]1 = und\bt$ly 8 sympa?ies 7 quick5$ :ile 8 /r5g? 0 rip5$ by :at he endur$4 ,if we w h a def9ite mean+ ! yoke may /& = "o ( ?ree ?+s--= in/ruction1 = lab\r1 or = tr\ble4 ,! s5t5ce is true ( ei!r ( ^! =ms ( yoke4 ,we are n likely to dispute ! advantages ( y\?ful education ov] t :i* is delay$ till adult age2 b ev5 if ! acquisition ( k is "h sugge/$1 we _c suppose x to be book k1 x mu/ be t got 9 ! s*ool ( life4 ,?us we are br\ght to ! o!r two mean+s4 ,!n ! connection excludes ! notion ( pleasant1 attractive "w1 s t ! yoke ( lab\r comes ne> to ! burd5 ( tr\ble4 ,?is seems to be ! ess5tial idea ( ! v]se4 ,irksome "w1 pa9ful toil1 =c$ lab\r p>tak+ ( ! nature ( s]vitude--^! ideas are mo/ vividly sugge/$ by ! image ( a yoke4 ,& !y are :at we mo/ %r9k f 9 y\?4 ,inactivity is !n by no means s\ght or desir$4 ,! v ex]cise ( "o's en]gies is a delight at ! "t ( _! fre% vig\r4 ,b ?is ex]cise mu/ be 9 cong5ial directions1 9 h>mony ) "o's ta/es & incl9ations1 or x w be reg>d$ z an intol]able burd54 ,lib]ty is sweet 9 y\?2 x is n "w t is dread$1 b compulsion4 ,y\? emulates ! b\nd+ en]gies ( ! w> horse1 b x has a great av]sion to ! pati5t toil ( ! ox4 ,h5ce ! yoke is res5t$ z a griev\s burd52 = ! yoke signifies compulsion & s]vitude4 ,n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 ?is yoke g5]ally has to be borne 9 y\?4 ,p might be m pati5t ) ! "y if !y w\ld b consid] h[ vexati\s x mu/ be to ! %\ld]s t are n yet fitt$ to we> x1 & 9 ! mo/ lib]ty-lov+ age4 ,z "t passes cu/om makes ! yoke easi] to be borne2 & yet !n x is usually light5$4 ,9 our e>li] days we mu/ submit & obey1 mu/ yield & s]ve4 ,?is is ! rule 9 bus9ess1 ! drudg]y & re/ra9t ( :i* naturally atta* !mselves to ! fir/ /ages4 ,if old] p]sons reflect$ on :at ?is mu/ mean at ! v "t :5 ! appetite = delight is mo/ ke51 & ! love ( fre$om mo/ int5se1 !y w\ld n press ! yoke ) ne$less h>%ness4 ,b n[ ! poet has be5 br\ght to see t x 0 = 8 own advantage t he 0 made to be> ! yoke 9 8 y\?4 ,h[ s8 ,surely n because x prev5t$ him f tak+ too rosy views ( life1 & s sav$ him f subsequ5t disappo9tm5t4 ,no?+ is m fatal to y\? ?an cynicism4 ,! "y man :o pr(esses to h discov]$ ! holl[ness ( life g5]ally is 9 dang] ( mak+ 8 own life a holl[ & wa/$ ?+4 ,! elegi/ c\ld nev] h fall5 to ?is mis]able condition1 or he w\ld n h writt5 z he has done "h4 ,) fai? & manly c\rage ! yoke has ! v opposite effect4 ,! faculty ( *]i%+ hope 9 spite ( pres5t h>d%ips1 :i* is ! peculi> privilege ( y\?1 may /& a man 9 /ead at a lat] "t1 :5 x is n s easy to triumph ov] circum/ances1 because ! old buoyancy ( animal spirits1 :i* means s mu* 9 e>ly days1 has vani%$2 & !n if he c look back & see h[ he has be5 cultivat+ habits ( endurance ?r\gh ye>s ( discipl9e )\t 8 s\l hav+ be5 s\r$ by ! process1 he may well feel pr(\ndly ?ankful = ^? e>ly exp]i5ces :i* 7 und\bt$ly v h>d 9 _! rawness4 ,! poet's reflections on ! bless$ness ( quiet wait+ are foll[$ by direct exhortations to ! behavi\r :i* is its necess>y accompanim5t--= su* seems to be ! mean+ ( ! next triplet1 v]ses #bh to #cj4 ,! ,revis]s h correct$ ?is f ! indicative mood1 z x /&s 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 to ! imp]ative--,let him sit alone1 etc41 ,let him put 8 m\? 9 ! du/1 etc41 ,let him give 8 *eek to him t smite? him1 etc4 ,! exhortations fl[ naturally out ( ! prec$+ /atem5ts1 b ! =m !y assume may /rike u z some:at s+ul>4 ,:o is ! p]son ?us indirectly address$8 ,! gramm> ( ! s5t5ces w\ld invite our att5tion to ! man ( ! tw5ty-sev5? v]se4 ,if x is good = ev]ybody to be> ! yoke 9 8 y\?1 x might be sugge/$ fur!r t x w\ld be well = ev]ybody to act 9 ! mann] n[ indicat$--t is to say1 ! advice w\ld be ( univ]sal application4 ,we mu/ suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! poet is ?9k+ ( a suff]] simil> to himself4 ,n[ ! po9t ( ! exhortation is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t x goes beyond ! placid /ate j describ$4 ,x po9ts to solitude1 sil5ce1 submission1 humiliation1 non-resi/ance4 ,! pr9ciple ( calm1 tru/ful expectancy is mo/ beautiful2 & if x 7 reg>d$ by itself x c\ld n b fasc9ate u1 s t we %\ld wond] h[ x w\ld be possible = anybody to resi/ its attractions4 ,b imm$iately we try to put x 9 practice we come across "s h>% & positively repell5t features4 ,:5 x is br\ght d[n f ! e!real regions ( poetry & set to "w among ! gritty facts ( real life1 h[ soon x seems to lose its glam\r6 ,x c nev] become mean or sordid2 & yet its surr\nd+s may be s4 ,mo/ humiliat+ ?+s are to be done1 mo/ insult+ ?+s endur$4 ,x is h>d to sit 9 solitude & sil5ce--a ,ugol9o 9 8 t[] ( fam9e1 a ,bonniv>d 9 8 dungeon2 !re seems to be no?+ h]oic 9 ?is dre>y inactivity4 ,x w\ld be mu* easi] to attempt "s de$ ( d>+1 especially if t 7 9 ! heat ( battle4 ,no?+ is s depress+ z lonel9ess--! torture ( a prison] 9 solit>y conf9em5t4 ,& yet n[ !re mu/ be no ^w ( compla9t because ! tr\ble comes f ! v ,be+ :o is to be tru/$ = deliv]ance4 ,!re is a call = action1 h[ev]1 b only to make ! submission m complete & ! humiliation m abject4 ,! suff]] is to lay 8 m\? 9 ! du/ l a beat5 slave4#aic ,ev5 ?is he might brace himself to d1 /ifl+ ! la/ remnant ( 8 pride because he is be=e ! ,"l ( heav5 & e>?4 ,b x is n en\gh4 ,a yet m bitt] cup mu/ be drunk to ! dregs4 ,he mu/ actually turn 8 *eek to ! smit]1 & quietly submit to reproa*4#aid ,god's wra? may be accept$ z a righte\s retribution f above4 ,b x is h>d inde$ to manife/ ! same _s ( submission 9 face ( ! fi]ce malignity or ! petty spite ( m54 ,yet sil5t wait+ involves ev5 ?is4 ,let u c\nt ! co/ be=e we v5ture on ! pa? :i* looks s beautiful 9 idea1 b :i* turns out to be s v try+ 9 fact4 #aic iii4 #bi4 #aid iii4 #cj4 ,we _c consid] ?is subject )\t be+ rem9d$ ( ! tea*+ &--a m helpful memory--! example also ( our ,"l4 ,x is h>d to receive ev5 f ,8 lips ! comm& to turn ! o!r *eek to "o :o has smitt5 u on ! "r *eek4 ,b :5 we see ,jesus do+ ?is v ?+ ! :ole aspect ( x is *ang$4 ,:at be=e look$ weak & c[>dly is n[ se5 to be ! p]fection ( true c\rage & ! height ( moral sublimity4 ,by ,8 own endurance ( insult & ignom9y our ,"l has completely revolutionis$ our ideas ( humiliation4 ,8 humiliation 0 ,8 glorification4 ,:at a ,roman w\ld despise z %ameful weakness ,he has prov$ to be ! triumph ( /r5g?4 ,?us1 ?\gh we may n be able to take ! words ( ! ,lam5tations z a direct prophecy ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y s p]fectly realise !mselves 9 ! /ory ( ,8 ,passion1 t to ,*ri/5dom !y mu/ always be view$ 9 ! light ( t supreme wond] ( a victory won ?r\gh submission2 & :ile !y are s view$ !y _c fail to set be=e u an ideal ( conduct = ! suff]] "u ! mo/ try+ circum/ances4 ,?is advice is n s p>adoxical z x appe>s4 ,we are n call$ ^u to accept x m]ely on ! au?ority ( ! speak]4 ,he foll[s x up by assign+ good reasons = x4 ,^! are all bas$ on ! assumption :i* runs ?r\gh ! elegies1 t ! suff]+s !re9 describ$ come f ! h& ( ,god4 ,!y are mo/ ( !m ! imm$iate effects ( man's enmity4 ,b a ,div9e purpose is always to be recognis$ beh9d ! human in/rum5tality4 ,?is fact at once lifts ! :ole "q out ( ! region ( mis]able1 e>?ly passions & mutual recrim9ations4 ,9 app>5tly yield+ to a tyrant f among 8 fell[-m5 ! suff]] is really submitt+ to 8 ,god4 ,!n ! elegi/ gives u ?ree reasons :y ! submission %\ld be complete & ! wait+ quiet4 ,! fir/ is t ! suff]+ is b tempor>y4 ,god seems to h ca/ (f ,8 afflict$ s]vant4 ,if s x is b = a season4#aie ,?is is n a case ( absolute des]tion4 ,! suff]] is n treat$ z a reprobate4 ,h[ c\ld we expect pati5t submission f a s\l t _h pass$ ! portals ( a hell ov] :i* ,dante's awful motto ( despair 0 inscrib$8 ,if !y :o ent]$ 7 to =sake all hope x w\ld be a mock]y to bid !m be /ill4 ,x w\ld be m natural = ^! lo/ s\ls to %riek ) ! fury ( madness4 ,! fir/ gr\nd ( quiet wait+ is hope4 ,! second is to be f\nd 9 ,god's unwill+ness to afflict4#aif ,he nev] takes up ! rod1 z we might say1 con amore4 ,!re=e ! trial w n be unduly prolong$4 ,s9ce ,god ,himself grieves to inflict x1 ! di/ress c be no m ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,! ?ird & la/ reason = ?is pati5ce ( submission is ! c]ta9ty t ,god _c commit an inju/ice4 ,s important is ?is consid]ation 9 ! eyes ( ! elegi/ t he devotes a complete triplet to x1 illu/rat+ x f ?ree diff]5t po9ts ( view4#aig ,we h ! conqu]or ) 8 victims1 ! magi/rate 9 a case at law1 & ! private citiz5 9 bus9ess4 ,ea* ( ^! in/ances af=ds an opportunity = inju/ice4 ,god does n look ) approval on ! despot :o cru%es all 8 prison]s--= ,nebu*adnezz>'s outrages are by no means condon$1 al?\gh !y are utilis$ z *a/isem5ts2 nor on ! judge :o p]v]ts ! solemn process ( law1 :5 decid+1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% !ocratic idea1 9 place ( ,god1 ! supreme ,arbitrator1 &1 z ! oa? te/ifies1 9 ,8 pres5ce2 nor on ! man :o 9 a private capacity circumv5ts 8 neighb\r4 ,b h[ c we ascribe to ,god :at ,he w n sanction 9 man8 ,%all n ! ,judge ( all ! e>? d "r8#aih exclaims ! p]plex$ patri>*2 & we feel t 8 plea is unansw]able4 ,b if ,god is j we c af=d to be pati5t4 ,& yet we feel t :ile !re is some?+ to calm u & allay ! agonis+ t]rors ( despair 9 ?is ?\ght ( ! unsw]v+ ju/ice ( ,god1 we mu/ fall back = our mo/ satisfy+ assurance on t glori\s tru? :i* ! poet f9ds confirm$ by 8 daily exp]i5ce1 & :i* he expresses ) su* a gl[ ( hope 9 ! ri* phrase1 ,yet w ,he h compassion accord+ to ! multitude ( ,8 m]cies4#aii #aie iii4 #ca1 #cb #aif iii4 #cc4 #aig iii4 #cd-f4 #aih ,g54 xviii4 #be4 #aii iii4 #cb4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,god ,,& ,,evil iii4 #cg-i ,! et]nal problem ( ! relation ( ,god to evil is "h treat$ ) ! ke5e/ discrim9ation4 ,t ,god is ! supreme & irresi/ible rul]1 t no man c succe$ ) any design 9 opposition to ,8 w1 t :atev] happ5s mu/ be 9 "s way an execution ( ,8 decree1 & t ,he1 !re=e1 is to be reg>d$ z ! au?or ( evil z well z good--^! doctr9es are s tak5 = grant$ t !y are nei!r prov$ nor directly affirm$1 b ?r[n into ! =m ( que/ions t c h b "o answ]1 z ?\gh to imply t !y are kn[n to ev]ybody1 & _c be d\bt$ = a mom5t by any "o4 ,b ! inf]5ce drawn f !m is /range & />tl+4 ,x is t n a s+le liv+ man has any valid excuse = compla9+4 ,t1 too1 is consid]$ to be s und5iable t1 l ! previ\s ideas1 x is express$ z a self-answ]+ "q4 ,b we are n left 9 ?is p>adoxical position4 ,! evil exp]i5c$ by ! suff]] is treat$ z ! puni%m5t ( 8 s94 ,:at "r has he to compla9 ( t8 ,a slightly v>i\s r5d]+ has be5 propos$ = ! ?irty-n9? v]se1 s z to resolve into a "q & its answ]4 ,read 9 ?is way1 x asks1 :y %\ld a liv+ man compla98 & !n sugge/s ! reply1 t if he is to compla9 at all x %\ld n be on acc\nt ( 8 suff]+s1 treat$ z wrongs4 ,he %\ld compla9 aga9/ himself1 8 own conduct1 8 s94 ,we h se51 h[ev]1 9 o!r cases1 t ! break+ ( a v]se 9 ?is way is n 9 h>mony ) ! smoo? /yle ( ! elegiac poetry 9 :i* ! words occur4 ,?is requires u to take ! ?ree v]ses ( ! triplet z cont9u\s1 fl[+ s5t5ces4 ,q a numb] ( consid]ations arise out ( ! curi\s juxtaposition ( ideas 9 ?is passage4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is v evid5t t by ! ^w evil ! writ] "h means tr\ble & suff]+1 n wick$ness1 because he cle>ly di/+ui%es x f ! s9 ! m5tion ( :i* foll[s4 ,t s9 is a man's own de$1 = :i* he is ju/ly puni%$4 ,! poet1 !n1 does n attribute ! causation ( s9 to ,god2 he does n speculate at all on ! orig9 ( moral evil4 ,z f> z he goes 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 he w\ld seem to ?r[ back ! au?or%ip ( x ^u ! w ( man4 ,h[ t w came to turn a/ray he does n say4 ,?is awful my/]y rema9s unsolv$ ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( ! revelation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ev5 ?r\gh t ( ! ,new also4 ,x _c be ma9ta9$ t ! /ory ( ! ,fall 9 ,g5esis is a solution ( ! my/]y4 ,to trace temptation back to ! s]p5t is n to acc\nt = its exi/5ce1 nor = ! facility ) :i* man 0 f\nd to yield to x4 ,:51 at a lat] p]iod1 ,satan appe>s on ! /age1 x is n to answ] ! p]plex+ "q ( ! orig9 ( evil4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t he is n[h]e connect$ ) ! ,fall--8 id5tification ) ! s]p5t fir/ occurr+ 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom1#bjj f :i* app>5tly x pass$ into curr5t language1 & s 0 adopt$ by ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,apocalypse4#bja ,at fir/ ,satan is ! adv]s>y & accus] ( man1 z 9 ,job#bjb & ,ze*>iah2#bjc !n he is recognis$ z ! tempt]1 9 ,*ronicles1 = example4#bjd ,b 9 no case is he said to be ! prim>y cause ( evil4 ,no plummet c s\nd ! dep?s ( t d>k pit 9 :i* lurks ! s\rce ( s94 #bjj ,wisdom ii4 #bc ff4 #bja ,rev4 xii4 #i4 #bjb ,job i4 #f-ab1 ii4 #a-g4 #bjc ,ze*4 iii4 #a1 #b4 #bjd #a ,*ron4 xxi4 #a4 ,mean:ile a v diff]5t problem1 ! problem ( suff]+1 is answ]$ by attribut+ ?is =m ( evil q unres]v$ly & ev5 emphatically to ,god4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t our ,"l1 accept+ ! language ( ,8 contempor>ies1 ascribes ?is to ,satan1 speak+ ( ! woman afflict$ ) a _s ( infirmity z "o :om ,satan _h b\nd2#bje & t simil>ly ,/4 ,paul writes ( 8 ?orn 9 ! fle% z a mess5g] ( ,satan1#bjf to :om he also assigns ! h9drance ( a project$ j\rney4#bjg ,b 9 ^! cases x is n 9 ! lea/ degree sugge/$ t ! evil _s is an irresi/ible & irresponsible be+4 ,! language only po9ts to 8 imm$iate ag5cy4 ,! absolute supremacy ( ,god is nev] call$ 9 "q4 ,!re is no real concession to ,p]sian dualism any:]e 9 ! ,bible4 ,9 difficult cases ! sacr$ writ]s seem m anxi\s to uphold ! au?ority ( ,god ?an to ju/ify ,8 actions4 ,!y are p]fectly conv9c$ t ^? actions are all j & "r1 & n to be call$ 9 "q1 & s !y are q fe>less 9 attribut+ to ,8 direct comm&s occurr5ces t we %\ld p]haps ?9k m satisfactorily acc\nt$ = 9 "s o!r way4 ,9 su* cases !irs is ! language ( unfail+ fai?1 ev5 :5 fai? is /ra9$ almo/ to break+4 #bje ,luke xiii4 #af4 #bjf #b ,cor4 xii4 #g4 #bjg #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ah4 ,! unque/ionable fact t good & evil bo? come f ! m\? ( ! ,mo/ ,high is bas$ on ! c]ta9 conviction t ,he is ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,s9ce x _c be believ$ t ,8 decrees %\ld be ?w>t$1 x _c be suppos$ t !re is any rival to ,8 p[]4 ,to speak ( evil z indep5d5t ( ,god is to d5y t ,he is ,god4 ,?is is :at a sy/em ( pure dualism mu/ come to4 ,if !re are two mutually indep5d5t pr9ciples 9 ! univ]se nei!r ( !m c be ,god4 ,dualism is z ess5tially oppos$ to ! idea we atta* to ! "n ,god z poly!ism4 ,! gods ( ! hea!n are no gods1 & s also are ! imag9>y tw9 div9ities t divide ! univ]se betwe5 !m1 or cont5d 9 a va9 endeav\r to suppress "o ano!r4 ,god1 z we und]/& ! title1 is ! "n ( ! ,supreme1 ! ,almighty1 ! ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords4 ,! ,z5d-,ave/a escapes ! logical conclusion ( a!ism by reg>d+ its two pr9ciples1 ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 z two /reams issu+ f a common f\nta91 or z two phases ( "o exi/5ce4 ,b !n x saves its !ism at ! exp5se ( its dualism4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 ?is is n done4 ,! dualism1 ! mutual antagonism ( ! two p[]s1 is ! c5tral idea ( ! ,p>see sy/em2 & be+ s1 x /&s 9 gl>+ contra/ to ! l(ty monism ( ! ,bible4 ,nev]!less1 x may be said1 al?\gh x is ?us necess>y to attribute evil z well z good to ,god if we w\ld n ab&on ! ?\ght ( ,8 supremacy1 a ?\ght t is ess5tial to our conception ( ,8 v nature1 ?is is a p]plex+ necessity1 & n "o to be accept$ ) any s5se ( satisfaction4 ,h[ !n c ! elegi/ welcome x ) acclamation & set x be=e u ) an air ( triumph8 ,t he does s is und5iable1 = ! _s & tone ( ! poem "h become positively exultant4 ,we may reply t ! writ] appe>s z ! *ampion ( ! ,div9e cause4 ,no attack on ,god's supremacy is to be p]mitt$4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d1 h[ev]1 has be5 sugge/$4 ,! writ] is pursu+ ano!r aim1 = he is anxi\s to /ill ! murmurs ( discont5t4 ,b h[ c ! ?\ght ( ! supremacy ( ,god h t effect8 ,"o w\ld h suppos$ ! ascription to ,god ( ! tr\ble compla9$ ( w\ld deep5 ! s5se ( di/ress & turn ! compla9t aga9/ ,him4 ,yet x is j "h t ! elegi/ sees ! unreasonabl5ess ( a compla9+ _s4 ,( c\rse ! uselessness ( compla9+1 or r ! uselessness ( attempt+ resi/ance1 may be impress$ ^u u 9 ?is way4 ,if ! s\rce ( our tr\ble is no?+ less ?an ! ,almighty & ,supreme ,rul] ( all ?+s x is /upid to dream ( ?w>t+ ,8 purposes4 ,if a man w run 8 head l a batt]+-ram aga9/ a granite cliff ! mo/ he c effect by 8 madness w be to bespatt] ! rock ) 8 bra9s4 ,x may be necess>y to w>n ! rebel aga9/ ,provid5ce ( ?is dang] by %ew+ him t :at he mi/akes = a flimsy veil or a %ad[y cl\d is an immovable wall4 ,b :at w he f9d to exult ov] 9 ! in=mation8 ,! hopelessness ( resi/ance is no bett] ?an ! consolation ( pessimism1 & its goal is despair4 ,our au?or1 on ! o!r h&1 evid5tly int5ds to be reassur+4 ,n[1 is !re n some?+ reassur+ 9 ! ?\ght t evil & good come to u f "o & ! same s\rce8 ,=1 consid] ! alt]native4 ,rememb]1 ! evil exi/s z surely z ! good4 ,! elegi/ does n attempt to d5y ?is1 or to m9imise ! fact4 ,he nev] calls evil good1 nev] expla9s x away4 ,!re x /&s be=e u1 9 all its ugly actuality1 speculations conc]n+ its orig9 nei!r aggravat+ ! sev]ity ( its symptoms nor alleviat+ !m4 ,:5ce1 !n1 did ?is p]plex+ fact arise8 ,if we po/ulate "s o!r s\rce ?an ! ,div9e orig9 ( good1 :at is x8 ,a dreadful my/]y "h yawns at our feet4 ,if evil came f an equally pot5t orig9 x w\ld cont5d ) good on ev5 t]ms1 & ! issue w\ld always hang 9 ! balance4 ,!re c\ld be no?+ reassur+ 9 t tantalis+ situation4 ,! fate ( ! univ]se w\ld be always quiv]+ 9 unc]ta9ty4 ,& mean:ile we %\ld h to conclude1 t ! mo/ awful conflict ) absolutely d\btful issues 0 rag+ cont9ually4 ,we c\ld only contemplate ! idea ( ?is va/ s*ism ) t]ror & dismay4 ,b n[ assur$ly !re is some?+ calm+ 9 ! ?\ght ( ! unity ( ! p[] t di/ributes our =tunes2 = ?is means t a man is 9 no dang] ( be+ toss$ l a %uttlecock betwe5 two gigantic rival =ces4 ,!re mu/ be a s+l5ess ( aim 9 ! :ole treatm5t ( u by ,provid5ce1 s9ce ,provid5ce is "o4 ,?us1 if only z an escape f an inconceivably appall+ alt]native1 ?is doctr9e ( ! common s\rce ( good & evil is truly reassur+4 ,we may pursue ! ?\ght fur!r4 ,s9ce good & evil spr+ f "o & ! same s\rce1 !y _c be s mutually contradictory z we h be5 accu/om$ to e/eem !m4 ,!y are two *ildr5 ( a common p>5t2 !n !y mu/ be bro!rs4 ,b if !y are s closely relat$ a c]ta9 family lik5ess may be trac$ betwe5 !m4 ,?is does n de/roy ! actuality ( evil4 ,b x robs x ( its wor/ features4 ,! pa9 may be z acute z ev] 9 spite ( all our philosophis+4 ,b ! significance ( x w be :olly *ang$4 ,we c n[ no long] treat x z an accurs$ ?+4 ,if x is s closely relat$ to good1 we may n h f> to g 9 ord] to discov] t x is ev5 work+ = good4 ,!n if evil & good come f ! same s\rce x is n j to *>act]ise t s\rce by ref]5ce to "o only ( its efflu5ts4 ,we mu/ n take a rose-col\r$ view ( all ?+s1 & relapse into idle complac5cy1 z we might d if we conf9$ our obs]vation to ! pleasant facts ( exi/5ce1 = ! unpleasant facts--loss1 disappo9tm5t1 pa91 dea?--are equally real1 & are equally d]iv$ f ! v highe/ ,au?ority4 ,nei!r are we ju/ifi$ 9 d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( ! good :5 ov]:elm$ ) a s5se ( ! evil 9 life4 ,at wor/ we live 9 a v mix$ _w4 ,x is unsci5tific1 x is unju/ to pick out ! ills ( life & gibbet !m z specim5s ( ! way ?+s are go+4 ,if we w recite ! fir/ "p ( su* an elegy z t we are n[ /udy+1 at lea/ let u h ! hone/y to read on to ! second "p1 :]e ! surpass+ly lovely vision ( ! ,div9e compassion s mu* m ?an c\nt]balances ! prec$+ gloom4 ,is x only by accid5t t ! poet says evil & good1 & n1 z we usually put ! phrase1 good & evil8 ,good %all h ! la/ ^w4 ,evil exi/s2 b ! f9ality & cr[n ( exi/5ce is n evil1 b good4 ,! conception ( ! prim>y unity ( causation :i* ! ,hebrew poet rea*es ?r\gh 8 religion is br\ght home to u to-day ) a va/ accumulation ( pro( by ! discov]ies ( sci5ce4 ,! uni=mity ( law1 ! co-relation ( =ces1 ! analyses ( ! mo/ div]se & complex organisms into _! common *emical elem5ts1 ! evid5ce ( ! spectroscope to ! exi/5ce ( precisely ! same elem5ts among ! di/ant />s1 z well z ! m m9ute homologies ( nature 9 ! animal & vegetable k+doms1 are all irrefutable confirmations ( ?is great tru?4 ,moreov]1 sci5ce has demon/rat$ ! intimate association ( :at we _c b reg>d z good & evil 9 ! physical univ]se4 ,?us1 :ile c>bon & oxyg5 are ess5tial elem5ts = ! build+ up ( all liv+ ?+s1 ! effect ( p]fectly heal?y vital functions work+ ^u !m is to comb9e !m into c>bonic acid1 :i* is a mo/ deadly poison2 b !n ?is noxi\s gas becomes ! food ( plants1 f :i* ! animal life 9 turn d]ives its n\ri%m5t4 ,simil>ly microbes1 :i* we commonly reg>d z ! ag5ts ( corruption & disease1 are f\nd to be n only nature's scav5g]s1 b also ! indisp5sable m9i/]s ( life1 :5 clu/]+ r\nd ! roots ( plants 9 va/ cr[ds !y conv]t ! organic matt] ( ! soil1 su* z manure1 into ^? inorganic nitrates :i* conta9 nitrog5 9 ! =m suitable = absorption by vegetable organisms4 ,! mis*ief wr\ght by g]ms1 great z x is1 is inf9itely outweigh$ by ! necess>y s]vice exi/5ces ( ?is k9d r5d] to all life by prep>+ "s ( its indisp5sable conditions4 ,! inevitable conclusion to be drawn f facts su* z ^! is t heal? & disease1 & life & dea?1 int]act1 are inextricably bl5d$ toge!r1 & mutually trans=mable--:at we call disease & dea? 9 "o place be+ necess>y = life & heal? 9 ano!r4 ,! m cle>ly we und]/& ! processes ( nature ! m evid5t is ! fact ( h] unity1 & !re=e ! m impossible is x = u to ?9k ( h] objectionable *>act]i/ics z =eign to h] be+--ali5 immigrants f ano!r sph]e4 ,physical evil itself looks less dreadful :5 x is se5 to take its place z an integral "p ( ! complicat$ movem5t ( ! :ole sy/em ( ! univ]se4 ,b ! *ief reason = reg>d+ ! prospect ) m ?an satisfaction has yet to be /at$4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! "* ( ,him to :om bo? ! evil & ! good are attribut$4 ,we c g beyond ! ass]tion t ^! contr>ieties spr+ f "o common orig9 to ! great tru? t ?is orig9 is to be f\nd 9 ,god4 ,all t we "k ( our ,fa!r 9 heav5 comes to our aid 9 reflect+ ^u ! "* ( ! actions ?us attribut$ to ,him4 ,! acc\nt ( ,god's goodness t imm$iately prec$es ?is ascription ( ! two extreme exp]i5ces ( life to ,him w\ld be 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]1 & x %\ld be 9 ! m9d ( ! read] also4 ,! poet has j be5 dwell+ v emphatically on ! indubitable ju/ice ( ,god4 ,:51 !re=e1 he rem9ds u t bo? evil & good come f ! ,div9e ,be+1 x is z ?\gh he said t !y bo? orig9at$ 9 ju/ice4 ,a little e>li] he 0 express+ ! mo/ f]v5t appreciation ( ! m]cy & compassion ( ,god4 ,!n ^! graci\s attributes %\ld be 9 our ?\ghts :ile we he> t ! mix$ exp]i5ces ( life are to be trac$ back to ,him ( :om s *e]+ a view c be tak54 ,we "k ! love ( ,god mu* m fully s9ce x has be5 reveal$ to u 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re=e we h a mu* bett] reason = build+ our fai? & hope on ! fact ( ! univ]sal ,div9e orig9 ( ev5ts4 ,9 itself ! evil exi/s all ! same :e!r we c trace its cause or n1 & ! discov]y ( ! cause 9 no way aggravates x4 ,b ?is discov]y may lead u to take a new view ( its issues4 ,if x comes f ,"o :o is z j & m]ciful z ,he is mighty we may c]ta9ly conclude t x w lead to ! mo/ bless$ results4 ,consid]$ 9 ! light ( ! assur$ "* ( its purpose1 ! evil itself mu/ assume a totally diff]5t "*4 ,! *ild :o receives a di/a/eful draught f ! h& ( ! k9de/ ( p>5ts kn[s t x _c be a cup ( poison1 & has good reason = believ+ x to be a necess>y m$ic9e4 ,! la/ v]se ( ! triplet />tles ! read] ) an unexpect$ ?\ght4 ,! consid]ations already adduc$ are all meant to *eck any compla9t aga9/ ! c\rse ( ,provid5ce4 ,n[ ! poet app5ds a f9al argum5t1 :i* is all ! m =cible = n be+ /at$ z an argum5t4 ,at ! v end ( ! passage1 :5 we are only expect+ ! language to s9k into a quiet conclusion1 a new idea spr+s out ^u u1 l a tig] f its lair4 ,?is tr\ble ab\t :i* a man is s ready to compla91 z ?\gh x 7 "s unacc\ntable piece ( inju/ice1 is simply ! puni%m5t ( 8 s96 ,l ! o!r ideas ( ! passage1 ! notion is n t5tatively argu$2 x is boldly tak5 = grant$4 ,once aga9 we see t !re is no suspicion 9 ! m9d ( ! elegi/ ( ! p]plex+ problem t gives its !me to ! ,book ( ,job4 ,b d we n sometimes press t problem too f>8 ,c x be d5i$ t1 to a l>ge ext5t1 suff]+ is ! direct consequ5ce & ! natural puni%m5t ( s98 ,are we n (t5 burnt = ! simple reason t we h be5 play+ ) fire8 ,at all ev5ts1 ! :ole c\rse ( previ\s prophecy w5t to %ew t ! national s9s ( ,israel mu/ be foll[$ by "s dreadful disa/]s2 & :5 ! w>-cl\d 0 hov]+ on ! horizon ,j]emiah saw 9 x ! h]ald ( approa*+ doom4 ,!n ! ?und]bolt fell2 & ! wreck x caus$ became ! topic ( ?is ,book ( ,lam5tations4 ,aft] su* a prep>ation1 :at 0 m natural1 & reasonable1 & ev5 inevitable1 ?an t ! elegi/ %\ld calmly assume t ! tr\ble compla9$ ( 0 no m ?an 0 due to ! afflict$ p8 ,?is is cle> en\gh :5 we ?9k ( ! nation z a :ole4 ,x is n s obvi\s :5 we turn our att5tion to individual cases2 b ! bewild]+ problem ( ! suff]+s ( innoc5t *ildr51 :i* con/itutes ! mo/ prom95t feature 9 ! poet's picture ( ! mis]ies ( ! ,jews1 is n "h reviv$4 ,we mu/ suppose t he is ?9k+ ( a typical citiz5 ( ,j]usalem4 ,if ! guilty city m]it$ sev]e puni%m5t1 su* a man z ?is w\ld also m]it x2 = ! des]ts ( ! city are only ! des]ts ( h] citiz5s4 ,x w be = ev]ybody to say = himself h[ f> ! solution ( ! my/]y ( 8 own tr\bles is to be look$ = 9 ?is direction4 ,a humble consci5ce w n be eag] to repudiate ! possibility t its own] has n be5 puni%$ beyond 8 des]ts1 :atev] may be ?\ght ( o!r p1 innoc5t *ildr5 9 p>ticul>4 ,!re is "o ^w t may br+ out ?is aspect ( ! "q ) m di/9ctness--! ^w liv+4 ,! poet asks1 ,:]e=e do? a liv+ man compla98 ,:y does he atta* ?is attribute to ! subject ( 8 "q8 ,! only satisfactory explanation t has be5 (f]$ is t he w\ld rem9d u t :ile ! suff]] has 8 life pres]v$ to him he has no valid gr\nd ( compla9t4 ,he has n be5 ov]paid2 he has n ev5 be5 paid 9 full2 = x is an ,old ,te/am5t doctr9e :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t repeats :5 x decl>es t ! wages ( s9 is dea?4#bjh #bjh ,rom4 vi4 #bc4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,return iii4 #dj-db ,:5 prophets1 speak+ 9 ! "n ( ,god1 promis$ ! exiles a re/oration to _! l& & ! homes ( _! fa!rs1 x 0 always und]/ood & (t5 expressly affirm$ t ?is rev]sal ( _! outw>d =tunes mu/ be prec$$ by an inn] *ange1 a return to ,god 9 p5it5t submission4 ,expulsion f ,canaan 0 ! *a/isem5t ( apo/asy f ,god2 x 0 only "r & reasonable t ! discipl9e %\ld be cont9u$ z long z ! s9 t necessitat$ x rema9$4 ,x w\ld be a mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to relegate ! treatm5t ( ?is deadly s9 to a second>y place1 z only ! cause ( a m s]i\s tr\ble4 ,!re c\ld be no m s]i\s tr\ble4 ,! greate/ evil f :i* ,israel suff]$ 0 n ! ,babylonian exile2 x 0 h] self-inflict$ bani%m5t f ,god4 ,! greate/ bless+ to be s\ght = h] 0 n lib]ty to return to ! hills & cities ( ,pale/9e2 x 0 p]mission & p[] to come back to ,god4 ,x takes u long to le>n t s9 is worse ?an puni%m5t1 & t to be br\ght home to our ,fa!r 9 heav5 is a m desirable good ?an any e>?ly recov]y ( prosp]ity4 ,b ! s\l t c say ) ! elegi/1 ,! ,"l is my portion1 has rea*$ ! vantage gr\nd f :i* ! be/ ?+s c be se5 9 _! true proportions2 & to su* a s\l no adv5t ( temporal prosp]ity c comp>e ) ! ga9+ ( its "o priz$ possession4 ,9 ! triplet ( v]ses t foll[s ! po9t$ phrase :i* rebukes compla9t = suff]+ by attribut+ x to s9 ! poet conducts u to ^? high regions :]e ! m spiritual tru? conc]n+ ^! matt]s c be appreciat$4 ,! =m ( ! language "h passes into ! plural4 ,already we h be5 made to feel t ! man :o has se5 affliction is a repres5tative suff]]1 al?\gh he is describ+ 8 own p]sonal di/resses4 ,! imm$iately prec$+ clause seems to po9t to ! s9ful ,israelite g5]ally1 9 its vague ref]5ce to a liv+ man4#bji ,n[ !re is a transition 9 ! movem5t ( ! elegy1 & ! solit>y voice gives place to a *orus1 ! ,jews z a body appe>+ be=e ,god to p\r out _! confessions 9 common4 ,accord+ to 8 usual me?od ! elegi/ makes ! transition q abruptly1 )\t any explanatory prep>ation4 ,! /yle resembles t ( an oratorio1 9 :i* solo & *orus alt]nate ) close sequ5ce4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance ! effect is n t ( dramatic v>iety1 because we feel ! vital sympa?y t ! poet *]i%es = 8 p1 s t _! exp]i5ce is z 8 exp]i5ce4 ,x is a fa9t %ad[ ( ! condition ( ! great ,s9-be>]1 ( :om x c\ld be said1 ,9 all _! affliction ,he 0 afflict$4#baj #bji iii4 #ci4 #baj ,isa4 lxiii4 #i4 ,be=e x is possible to return to ,god1 be=e ! desire to return is ev5 awak5$1 a mu* less invit+ action mu/ be und]tak54 ,! fir/ & greate/ h9drance to reconciliation ) our ,fa!r is our failure to recognise t any su* reconciliation is necess>y4 ,! mo/ dead5+ effect ( s9 is se5 9 ! fact t x prev5ts ! s9n] f p]ceiv+ t he is at enmity ) ,god at all1 al?\gh by ev]y?+ he does he proclaims 8 rebellion4 ,! ,ph>isee ( ! p>able _c be ju/ifi$1 _c really approa* ,god at all1 because he w n admit t he ne$s any ju/ification1 or is guilty ( any conduct t sep>ates him f ,god4 ,j z ! mo/ hopeless /ate ( ignorance is t 9 :i* !re is a s]5e unconsci\sness ( any defici5cy ( k1 s ! mo/ ab&on$ condition ( guilt is ! inability to p]ceive ! v exi/5ce ( guilt4 ,! sick man :o ignores 8 disease w n resort to a physician = ! cure ( x4 ,if ! s\l's qu>rel ) h] ,"l is ev] to be end$ x mu/ be discov]$4 ,!re=e ! fir/ /ep w be 9 ! direction ( self-exam9ation4 ,we are l$ to look 9 ?is direction by ! />tl+ ?\ght ) :i* ! previ\s triplet closes4 ,if ! calamities bewail$ are ! *a/isem5ts ( s9 x is necess>y = ?is s9 to be s\ght out4 ,! language ( ! elegi/ sugge/s t we are n aw>e ( ! nature ( our own conduct1 & t x is only by "s s]i\s ef=t t we c make ourselves acqua9t$ ) x1 = ?is is :at he implies :5 he repres5ts ! di/ress$ p resolv+ to se>* & try _! ways4 ,easy z x may seem 9 words1 exp]i5ce proves t no?+ is m difficult 9 practice ?an to fulfil ! precept ( ! philosoph]1 ,"k ?yself4 ,! ext]nalism 9 :i* mo/ ( our lives are sp5t makes ! ef=t to look )9 a pa9ful contradiction ( habit4 ,:5 x is attempt$ pride & prejudice face ! inquir]1 & too (t5 q hide ! true self f view4 ,if ! pursuit is pu%$ on 9 spite ( ^! h9drances ! result may prove to be a sad surprise4 ,sometimes we see ourselves unexpect$ly reveal$1 & !n ! sight ( s great a novelty amazes u4 ,! photograph]'s pro( ( a portrait dissatisfies ! subject1 n because x is a bad lik5ess1 b r because x is too fai?ful to be pleas+4 ,a wond]ful picture ( ,rossetti's repres5ts a "y c\ple :o are sudd5ly confront$ 9 a lonely =e/ by ! app>ition ( _! two selves z simply petrifi$ ) t]ror at ! appall+ spectacle4 ,ev5 :5 ! ef=t to acquire self-k is /r5u\s & p]sev]+1 & accompani$ by an hone/ resolution to accept ! results1 h[ev] unwelcome !y may be1 x (t5 fails = lack ( a /&>d ( judgm5t4 ,we comp>e ourselves ) ourselves--our pres5t ) our pa/1 or at be/ our actual life ) our ideals4 ,b ?is is a mo/ illusory process1 & its limits are too n>r[4 ,or we comp>e ourselves ) our neighb\rs--a possible advance1 b /ill a mo/ unsatisfactory me?od2 = we "k s little ( !m1 all ( u dwell+ m or less l />s ap>t1 & none ( u able to s\nd ! abysmal dep?s ( ano!r's p]sonality4 ,ev5 if we c\ld fix ?is /&>d x too w\ld be v illusory1 because ^? p ) :om we are mak+ ! comp>ison1 q z mu* z we ourselves1 may be a/ray1 j z a :ole planet>y sy/em1 ?\gh p]fectly balanc$ 9 ! mutual relations ( its own con/itu5t worlds1 may yet be out ( its orbit1 & ru%+ on all toge!r t[>ds "s awful common de/ruction4 ,a m tru/wor?y /&>d may be f\nd 9 ! he>t-se>*+ words ( ,scripture1 :i* prove to be z mu* a revelation ( man to himself z "o ( ,god to man4 ,?is ,div9e te/ rea*es its p]fection 9 ! hi/orical pres5tation ( our ,"l4 ,we discov] our actual *>act]s mo/ effectually :5 we comp>e our conduct ) ! conduct ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,z ! ,light ( ! _w1 ,he leads ! _w to see itself4 ,he is ! great t\*/one ( "*4 ,dur+ ,8 e>?ly life hypocrisy 0 detect$ by ,8 se>*+ glance2 b t 0 n admitt$ by ! hypocrite4 ,x is :5 ,he comes to u spiritually t ,8 promise is fulfill$1 & ! ,com=t] conv9ces ( s9 z well z ( righte\sness & judgm5t4 ,p]haps x is n s em95tly desirable z ,burns w\ld h u believe1 t we %\ld see ourselves z o!rs see u2 b x is supremely important to behold ourselves 9 ! pure1 se>*+ light ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/4 ,we may be rem9d$1 on ! o!r h&1 t too mu* introspection is n :olesome1 t x begets morbid ways ( ?\ght1 p>alyses ! en]gies1 & deg5]ates into insipid s5tim5tality4 ,no d\bt x is be/ t ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! m9d %\ld be t[>ds ! active duties ( life4 ,b to admit ?is is n to d5y t !re may be occasions :5 ! mo/ ru?less self-exam9ation becomes a duty ( fir/ importance4 ,a season ( sev]e *a/isem5t1 su* z t to :i* ! ,book ( ,lam5tations ref]s1 is "o t calls mo/ di/9ctly = ! ex]cise ( ?is r>e duty4 ,we _c make our daily meal ( drugs2 b drugs may be mo/ necess>y 9 sickness4 ,possibly if we 7 9 a /ate ( p]fectly s\nd spiritual heal? x might be well = u nev] to sp>e a ?\ght = ourselves f our complete absorption ) ! happy duties ( a full & busy life4 ,b s9ce we are f> f be+ ?us heal?y1 s9ce we err & fail & s91 "t devot$ to ! discov]y ( our faults may be exce$+ly well sp5t4 ,!n :ile a c]ta9 k9d ( self-/udy is always mis*iev\s--! sickly habit ( brood+ ov] "o's feel+s1 x is to be obs]v$ t ! elegi/ does n recomm5d ?is4 ,8 language po9ts 9 q ano!r direction4 ,x is n emotion b action t he is conc]n$ )4 ,! se>*+ is to be into our ways1 ! c\rse ( our conduct4 ,!re is an objectivity 9 ?is inquiry1 ?\gh x is turn$ inw>d1 t contra/s /rongly ) ! inve/igation ( %ad[y s5tim5ts4 ,conduct1 too1 is ! "o gr\nd ( ! judgm5t ( ,god4 ,!re=e ! po9t ( supreme importance to ourselves is to det]m9e :e!r conduct is "r or wrong4 ,) ?is bran* ( self-exam9ation we are n 9 s mu* dang] ( fall+ into complete delusions z :5 we are consid]+ less tangible que/ions4 ,?us ?is is at once ! mo/ :olesome1 ! mo/ necess>y1 & ! mo/ practicable process ( introspection4 ,! p>ticul> =m ( conduct "h ref]r$ to %\ld be not$4 ,! ^w ways sugge/s habit & cont9uity4 ,^! are m *>act]i/ic ?an isolat$ de$s--%ort spasms ( virtue or sudd5 falls be=e temptation4 ,! f9al judgm5t w be accord+ to ! life1 n its exceptional episodes4 ,a man lives 8 habits4 ,he may be capable ( bett] ?+s1 he may be liable to worse2 b he is :at he does habitually4 ,! _w w applaud him = "s outbur/ ( h]oism 9 :i* he rises = ! mom5t above ! sordid level ( 8 e-day 81 or execrate him = 8 %ameful mom5t ( self-=getfulness2 & ! _w w h ?is am\nt ( ju/ice 9 its action1 t ! capacity = ! occasional is itself a p]man5t attribute1 al?\gh ! opportunity = ! active work+ ( ! lat5t good or evil is r>e4 ,! />tl+ outbur/ may be a revelation ( old b hi!rto hidd5 ways4 ,x mu/ be s to "s ext5t2 = no man :olly belies 8 own nature unless he is mad--beside himself1 z we say4 ,/ill x may n be s entirely1 or ev5 *iefly2 ! surpris$ self may n be ! normal self1 (t5 is n4 ,mean:ile our ma9 bus9ess 9 self-exam9ation is to trace ! c\rse ( ! unromantic beat5 track1 ! long road on :i* we travel f morn+ to ev5+ ?r\gh ! :ole day ( life4 ,! result ( ?is se>* into ! "* ( _! ways on ! "p ( ! p is t x is f\nd to be necess>y to =sake !m =?)2 = ! next idea is 9 ! =m ( a resolution to turn out ( !m1 nay1 to turn back1 retrac+ ! foot/eps t h gone a/ray1 9 ord] to come to ,god aga94 ,^! ways are discov]$1 !n1 to be bad--vici\s 9 !mselves1 & wrong 9 _! direction4 ,!y run d[nhill1 away f ! home ( ! s\l1 & t[>ds ! abodes ( ev]la/+ d>kness4 ,:5 ?is fact is p]ceiv$ x becomes app>5t t "s complete *ange mu/ be made4 ,?is is a case ( end+ our old ways1 n m5d+ !m4 ,good pa?s may be susceptible ( improvem5t4 ,! pa? ( ! j %\ld %9e m & m unto ! p]fect day4 ,b "h ?+s are too hopelessly bad = any attempt at amelioration4 ,no eng9e]+ skill w ev] trans=m ! pa? t po9ts /raight to p]dition into "o t conducts u up to ! heights ( heav54 ,! only *ance ( com+ to walk 9 ! "r way is to =sake ! wrong way altoge!r1 & make an entirely new />t4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( conv]sion--a doctr9e :i* always appe>s extravagant to p :o take sup]ficial views ( s91 b "o t w be appreciat$ j 9 proportion to ! dep? & s]i\sness ( our ideas ( its guilt4 ,no?+ contributes m to unreality 9 religion ?an /rong language on ! nature ( rep5tance ap>t f a correspond+ consci\sness ( ! trem5d\s ne$ ( a mo/ radical *ange4 ,?is deplorable mis*ief mu/ be br\ght ab\t :5 indiscrim9ate exhortations to ! extreme practice ( p5it5ce are address$ to mix$ congregations4 ,x _c be "r to press ! necessity ( conv]sion ^u "y *ildr5 & ! c>efully %elt]$ & lov+ly tra9$ y\? ( ,*ri/ian homes 9 ! language t applies to _! unhappy bro!rs & si/]s :o h already made %ipwreck ( life4 ,?is /atem5t is liable to misappreh5sion2 d\btless to "s read]s x w sav\r ( ! light views ( s9 deprecat$ above1 & po9t to ! excuses ( ! ,ph>isee4 ,nev]!less x mu/ be consid]$ if we w\ld avoid ! *>act]i/ic s9 ( ! ,ph>isee1 hypocrisy4 ,x is unreasonable to suppose t ! necessity ( a complete conv]sion c be felt by ! "y & comp>atively innoc5t z x %\ld be felt by ab&on$ pr(ligates1 & ! attempt ( ! prea*] to =ce x on _! relatively pure consci5ces is a direct inc5tive to cant4 ,! fifty-fir/ ,psalm is ! confession ( 8 crime by a murd]]2 ,augu/9e's ,confessions are ! outp\r+s ( a man :o feels t he has be5 dragg+ 8 e>li] life ?r\gh ! mire2 ,bunyan's ,grace ,ab\nd+ reveals ! memories ( a r\gh soldi]'s %ame & folly4 ,no good c come ( ! un?9k+ application ( su* utt]ances to p]sons ^: hi/ory & "* are entirely diff]5t f ^? ( ! au?ors4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are "o or two fur!r consid]ations :i* %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 ,?us x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! greate/ s9n] is n necess>ily ! man ^: guilt is mo/ gl>+ly app>5t2 nor t s9s ( ! he>t c\nt ) ,god z equival5t to obvi\sly wick$ de$s committ$ 9 ! full light ( day2 nor t guilt _c be e/imat$ absolutely1 by ! b>e evil done1 )\t reg>d to ! opportunities1 privileges1 & temptations ( ! (f5d]4 ,!n1 ! m we m$itate ^u ! true nature ( s91 ! m deeply mu/ we be impress$ ) its ess5tial evil ev5 :5 x is develop$ only slightly 9 comp>ison ) ! hide\s crimes & vices t black5 ! pages ( hi/ory--z1 = example1 9 ! c>e]s ( a ,n]o or a ,cs> ,borgia4 ,! s5sitive consci5ce does n only feel ! exact guilt ( its individual (f5ces1 b also1 & mu* m1 ! exce$+ s9fulness ( s94 ,:5 we consid] _! times & ! /ate ( ! society 9 :i* !y liv$1 we mu/ feel t nei!r ,augu/9e nor ,bunyan _h be5 s wick$ z ! int5sity ( ! language ( p5it5ce !y bo? employ$ might lead u to suppose4 ,x is q =eign to ! nature ( he>tfelt rep5tance to measure degrees ( guilt4 ,9 ! dep? ( its %ame & humiliation no language ( contrition seems to be too /rong to give x adequate expression4 ,b ?is mu/ be entirely spontane\s2 x is mo/ unwise to impose x f )\t 9 ! =m ( an indiscrim9ate appeal to abject p5it5ce4 ,!n x is also to be obs]v$ t :ile ! fundam5tal *ange describ$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z a new bir? _c well be reg>d$ z a ?+ ( repeat$ occurr5ce1 we may h occasion = _m conv]sions4 ,e "t we turn into ! wrong pa? we put ourselves "u ! necessity ( turn+ back if ev] we w\ld walk 9 ! "r pa? aga94 ,:at is t b conv]sion8 ,x is a pity t we %\ld be hamp]$ by ! te*nicality ( a t]m4 ,?is may lead to ano!r k9d ( error--! error ( suppos+ t if we are once conv]t$ we are conv]t$ = life1 t we h cross$ our ,rubicon1 & _c recross x4 ,?us :ile ! necessity ( a prim>y conv]sion may be exagg]at$ 9 addresses to ! "y1 ! great] ne$ ( subsequ5t conv]sions may be neglect$ 9 ! ?\ghts ( adults4 ,! conv]t$ p]son :o relies on ! "o act ( 8 pa/ exp]i5ce to s]ve z a talisman = all future "t is delud+ himself 9 a mo/ dang]\s mann]4 ,c x be ass]t$ t ,pet] _h n be5 conv]t$1 9 ! te*nical s5se1 :5 he fell ?r\gh undue self-confid5ce1 & d5i$ 8 ,ma/] ) oa?s & curses8 ,aga9--a v significant fact--! return is describ$ 9 positive language4 ,x is a com+ back to ,god1 n m]ely a dep>ture f ! old way ( s94 ,! initial impulse t[>ds a bett] life spr+s m readily f ! attraction ( a new hope ?an f ! repulsion ( a loa!d evil4 ,! hopeful rep5tance is exhil>at+1 :ile t :i* is only born ( ! disgu/ & horror ( s9 is dismally depress+4 ,lurid pictures ( evil r>ely beget p5it5ce4 ,! ,newgate ,cal5d> is n to be cr$it$ ) ! re=mation ( crim9als4 ,ev5 ,dante's ,inf]no is no gospel4 ,9 prosecut+ 8 mission z ! prophet ( rep5tance ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 n cont5t to decl>e t ! axe 0 laid at ! root ( ! tree2 ! pi? ( 8 exhortation 0 f\nd 9 ! glad tid+s t ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 ,/4 ,paul %[s t x is ! goodness ( ,god t leads u to rep5tance4 ,besides1 ! rep5tance t is induc$ by ?is means is ( ! be/ "*4 ,x escapes ! crav5 slavi%ness ( fe>2 x is n a m]ely selfi% %r9k+ f ! la%2 x is inspir$ by ! pure love ( a wor?y end4 ,only remorse l+]s 9 ! d>k region ( regrets = ! pa/4 ,g5u9e rep5tance always turns a hopeful look t[>ds a bett] future4 ,x is ( little use to exorcise ! _s ( evil if ! h\se is n to be t5ant$ by ! _s ( good4 ,?us ! end & purpose ( rep5tance is to be reunit$ to ,god4 ,foll[+ up 8 g5]al exhortation to return to ,god1 ! elegi/ adds a p>ticul> "o1 9 :i* ! process ( ! new movem5t is describ$4 ,x takes ! =m ( a pray] f ! he>t4 ,! resolution is to lift up ! he>t ) ! h&s4 ,! erect po/ure1 ) ! h&s /ret*$ out to heav51 :i* 0 ! ,hebrew attitude 9 pray]1 _h (t5 be5 assum$ 9 mean+less acts ( =mal wor%ip be=e !re 0 any real approa* to ,god or any true p5it5ce4 ,n[ ! rep5tance w be manife/$ by ! reality ( ! pray]4 ,let ! he>t also be lift$ up4 ,! true approa* to ,god is an act ( ! inn] life1 to :i* 9 its entirety--?\ght1 affection1 & w--! ,jewi% metaphor ( ! he>t po9ts4 ,la/ly1 ! poet furni%es ! return+ p5it5ts ) ! v language ( ! he>t's pray]1 :i* is prim>ily confession4 ,! doleful fact t ,god has n p>don$ ,8 p is directly /at$1 b n 9 ! fir/ place4 ,?is /atem5t is prec$$ by a cle> & unres]v$ confession ( s94 ,rep5tance mu/ be foll[$ by confession4 ,x is n a private matt] conc]n+ ! (f5d] alone4 ,s9ce ! (f5ce 0 direct$ aga9/ ano!r1 ! am5dm5t mu/ beg9 ) a humble admission ( ! wrong t has be5 done4 ,?us1 imm$iately ! prodigal son is met by 8 fa!r he sobs out 8 confession2#baa & ,/4 ,john assigns confession z an ess5tial prelim9>y to =giv5ess1 say+3 ,if we confess our s9s1 ,he is fai?ful & righte\s to =give u our s9s1 & to cleanse u f all unrighte\sness4#bab #baa ,luke xv4 #ba4 #bab #a ,john i4 #i4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,griev+ ,,be=e ,,god iii4 #dc-ed ,z might h be5 expect$1 ! m\rn+ patriot quickly =sakes ! pat* ( sun%9e :i* lights up a few v]ses ( ?is elegy4 ,b ! vision ( x has n come 9 va92 = x leaves graci\s effects to tone ! gloomy ideas ^u :i* ! m$itations ( ! poet n[ return l birds ( ! night ha/5+ back to _! d>ksome haunts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 8 grief is no long] solit>y4 ,x is enl>g$ 9 its sympa?ies s z to take 9 ! sorr[s ( o!rs4 ,purely selfi% tr\ble t5ds to become a mean & sordid ?+4 ,if we are n yet fre$ f our own pa9 "s elem5t ( a nobl] nature w be import$ into x :5 we c f9d room = ! l>g] ?\ghts t ! contemplation ( ! di/resses ( o!rs ar\ses4 ,b a great] *ange ?an ?is has tak5 place4 ,! man :o ha? se5 affliction n[ feels himself to be 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,speak+ = o!rs z well z = himself he p\rs out 8 lam5tations be=e ,god4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! elegy he _h only m5tion$ ! ,div9e "n z t ( 8 great ,antagoni/2 n[ x is ! "n ( 8 close ,confidant4 ,!n ! elegi/ is "h giv+ voice to ! p's p5it5t confession & pray]4 ,?is is ano!r feature ( ! *ang$ situation4 ,an unqualifi$ admission ( ! tru? t ! suff]+s ( ,israel are j ! m]it$ puni%m5t ( ! p's s9 has come betwe5 ! compla9ts ) :i* ! poem op5s1 & ! r5ew$ expressions ( grief4 ,/ill1 :5 all due all[ance is made = ^! improvem5ts1 ! r5ew$ outbur/ ( grief is suffici5tly dismal4 ,! p are suppos$ to repres5t !mselves z be+ hunt$ d[n l helpless fugitives1 & sla9 )\t pity by ,god1 :o has wrapp$ ,himself 9 a mantle ( ang]1 :i* is z a cl\d imp5etrable to ! pray]s ( ,8 mis]able victims4#bac ,?is description ( _! helpless /ate foll[s imm$iately aft] an outp\r+ ( pray]4 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t ! poet conceiv$ t ?is p>ticul> utt]ance 0 h9d]$ f rea*+ ! e> ( ,god4 ,n[ 9 _m cases x may be t a feel+ su* z is "h express$ is purely subjective & imag9>y4 ,! s\l's cry ( agony passes out into ! night1 & dies away into sil5ce1 )\t elicit+ a :isp] ( response4 ,yet x is n necess>y to conclude t ! cry is n he>d4 ,! close/ att5tion may be ! mo/ sil5t4 ,b1 x may be object$1 ?is possibility only aggravates ! evil2 = x is bett] n to he> at all ?an to he> & n to he$4 ,w any "o attribute su* /ony indiff]5ce to ,god8 ,god may att5d1 & yet ,he may n speak to u--spee* n be+ ! usual =m ( ,div9e response4 ,he may be help+ u mo/ effectually 9 sil5ce1 unp]ceiv$ by u1 at ! v mom5t :5 we imag9e t ,he has completely des]t$ u4 ,if we 7 m ke5ly alive to ! signs ( ,8 com+ we %\ld be less ha/y to despair at ! failure ( our pray]s4 ,! prie/s ( ,baal may scream1 ,o ,baal1 he> u6 f morn+ to night till _! phr5sy s9ks into despair2 b t is no reason :y m5 & wom5 :o wor%ip a spiritual ,god %\ld come to ! conclusion t _! inability to wre/ a sign f ,heav5 is itself a sign ( des]tion by ,him to :om !y call4 ,! oracle may be dumb2 b ! ,god :om we wor%ip is n limit$ to ! utt]ance ( prophetic voices = ! expression ( ,8 w4 ,he he>s1 ev5 if 9 sil5ce2 &1 9 tru?1 ,he also answ]s1 ?\gh we are too deaf 9 our unbelief to disc]n ! /ill small voice ( ,8 ,_s4 #bac iii4 #dd4 ,b c we say t ! idea ( ! ,div9e disreg>d ( pray] is always & only imag9>y8 ,are ! cl\ds t come betwe5 u & ,god inv>iably e>?born8 ,does ,he nev] really wrap ,himself 9 ! g>m5t ( wra?8 ,surely we d>e n say s mu*4 ,! ang] ( ,god is z real z ,8 love4 ,no be+ c be p]fectly holy & n feel a righte\s indignation 9 ! pres5ce ( s94 ,b if ,god is angry1 & :ile ,he is s1 ,he _c at ! same "t be hold+ fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! p :o are provok+ ,8 wra?4 ,!n ! ,div9e ang] mu/ be z a ?ick1 imp]vi\s curta9 betwe5 ! pray]s ( ! s9ful & ! graci\s he>+ ( ,god4 ,! univ]sal confession ( ! ne$ ( an atonem5t is a witness to ! p]ception ( ?is condition by mank9d4 ,:e!r we are deal+ ) ! crude notions ( anci5t sacrifice1 or ) ! high ?\ghts t circle ab\t ,calv>y1 ! same spiritual in/9ct presses = recognition4 ,we may try to reason x d[n1 b x p]si/5tly reass]ts itself4 ,mo/ c]ta9ly x is n ! tea*+ ( ,scripture t ! only condition ( salvation is pray]4 ,! ,gospel is n to ! effect t we are to be sav$ by our own petitions4 ,! p5it5t is taught to feel t )\t ,*ri/ & ! cross 8 pray]s are ( no avail = 8 salvation4 ,ev5 if !y knew no respite /ill !y w\ld nev] atone = s94 ,is n ?is an axiom ( evangelical doctr9e8 ,!n ! pray]s t are (f]$ 9 ! old unreconcil$ condition mu/ fall back on ! head ( ! va9 petition] unable to p5etrate ! awful b>ri] t he has himself caus$ to be rais$ betwe5 8 cries & ! heav5s :]e ,god dwells4 ,turn+ f ! contemplation ( ! hopeless failure ( pray] ! lam5t naturally falls into an almo/ despair+ wail ( grief4 ,! /ate ( ! ,jews is pa9t$ 9 ! v d>ke/ col\rs4 ,god has made !m z no bett] ?an ! refuse p ca/ out ( _! h\ses1 or ! v sweep+s ( ! /reets--n fit ev5 to be trampl$ "u foot ( m54#bad ,?is is _! position among ! nations4 ,! poet seems to be allud+ to ! exceptional sev]ity ) :i* ! ob/9ate def5d]s ( ,j]usalem _h be5 treat$ by _! exasp]at$ conqu]ors4 ,! neighb\r+ tribes _h be5 compell$ to succumb b5ea? ! deva/at+ wave ( ! ,babylonian invasion2 b s9ce none ( !m _h (f]$ s /ubborn a resi/ance to ! armies ( ,nebu*adnezz> none ( !m _h be5 puni%$ by s sev]e a sc\rge ( v5geance4 ,s x has be5 repeat$ly ) ! unhappy p :o h enc\nt]$ unp>all$ p]secutions ?r\gh ! long we>y ages ( _! melan*oly hi/ory4 ,9 ! days ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes ! ,jews 7 ! mo/ insult$ & cruelly outrag$ victims ( ,syrian tyranny4 ,:5 _! long trag$y rea*$ a climax at ! f9al siege ( ,j]usalem by ,titus1 ! m lib]al-m9d$ ,roman gov]nm5t laid on !m h>% puni%m5ts ( exile1 slav]y1 torture1 & dea?1 su* z x r>ely inflict$ on a fall5 foe--= ) /atesmanlike wisdom ! ,romans pref]r$1 z a rule1 conciliation to ext]m9ation2 b 9 ! case ( ?is "o unhappy city ( ,j]usalem ! almo/ unique fate ( ! hat$ & dread$ city ( ,c>?age 0 repeat$4 ,s x 0 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 z ,ivanhoe vividly %[s2 & s x is to-day 9 ! ,ea/ ( ,europe1 z ! fi]ce ,jud5-hetze is cont9ually prov+4 ,! irony ( hi/ory is n[h]e m app>5t ?an 9 ! fact t ! fav\r$ p1 ! *os5 p ( ,jehovah1 %\ld h be5 treat$ s cont9u\sly z ! (fsc\r+ & refuse 9 ! mid/ ( ! peoples4 ,z privilege & responsibility always g h& 9 h&1 s also d bless+ & suff]+--! ,jew hat$1 ! ,*ur* p]secut$1 ! ,*ri/ crucifi$4 ,we _c say t ?is p>adox is simply a my/]i\s disp5sation ( ,provid5ce2 because 9 ! case ( ,israel1 at all ev5ts 9 ! e>ly ages1 ! unp>allel$ mis]y 0 trac$ to ! abuse ( unp>allel$ fav\r4 ,b ?is does n exhau/ ! my/]y1 = 9 ! mo/ /rik+ in/ances innoc5ce suff]s4 ,we c h no satisfaction 9 our view ( ^! contradictions till we see ! glory ( ! m>tyr's cr[n & ! ev5 high] glory ( ! triumph ( ,*ri/ & ,8 p ov] failure1 agony1 insult1 & dea?2 b j 9 proportion z we are able to lift up ! eyes ( fai? to ! bless$ness ( ! unse5 _w1 we %all be able also to discov] t ev5 "h & n[ !re is a pa9 t is bett] ?an pleasure1 & a %ame t is true/ glory4 #bad iii4 #de4 ,^! tru?s1 h[ev]1 are n readily p]ceiv$ at ! "t ( endurance1 :5 ! iron is ent]+ into ! s\l4 ,! elegi/ feels ! degradations ( 8 p mo/ ke5ly1 & he repres5ts !m compla9+ h[ _! enemies rage at !m z ) op5 m\?s--bel*+ =? gross insults1 %\t+ curses1 l wild bea/s ready to dev\r _! hapless victims4#bae ,!re seems to be no?+ 9 /ore = !m b ! t]rors ( dea?1 ! pit ( de/ruction4#baf #bae iii4 #df4 #baf iii4 #dg4 ,at ! contemplation ( ?is extremity ( hopeless mis]y ! poet drops ! plural numb]1 9 :i* he has be5 p]sonat+ 8 p1 z abruptly z he assum$ x a few v]ses e>li]1 & bewails ! dread calamities 9 8 own p]son4#bag ,!n1 9 truly ,j]emiah-l fa%ion1 he describes 8 incessant weep+ = ! woes ( ! wret*$ citiz5s ( ,j]usalem & ! surr\nd+ villages4 ,! ref]5ce to ! daught]s ( my city#bah seems to be be/ expla9$ z a figurative expression = ! neighb\r+ places1 all ( :i* x w\ld seem _h %>$ 9 ! deva/ation produc$ by ! great wave ( conque/ :i* _h ov]:elm$ ! capital4 ,b ! previ\s m5tion ( ! daught] ( my p1#bai foll[$ z x is by ?is phrase ab\t ! daught]s ( my city1 /rikes a deep] note ( compassion4 ,^! places conta9$ _m def5celess wom51 ! indescribable cruelty ( ^: fate :5 !y fell into ! h&s ( ! brutal hea!n soldi]y 0 "o ( ! wor/ features ( ! :ole gha/ly sc5e2 & ! wret*$ness ( ! once pr\d city & its dep5d5cies :5 !y 7 completely ov]?r[n is f9ely repres5t$ s z to appeal mo/ effectually to our sympa?y by a metaphor t pictures !m z hapless maid5s1 t\*+ u l ,sp5s]'s pite\s picture ( ! =lorn ,una1 des]t$ 9 ! =e/ & left a prey to its savage d5iz5s4 ,l ,una1 too1 ! daught]s 9 ?is metaphor claim ! *ivalry :i* our ,engli% poet has s exquisitely portray$ z awak5$ ev5 9 ! brea/ ( a wild animal4 ,! woman ( ,europe is f> remov$ f h] si/] 9 ! ,ea/1 :o /ill foll[s ! anci5t type 9 submitt+ to ! imputation ( weakness z a claim = consid]ation4 ,b ?is is because ,europe has le>nt t /r5g? ( "*--9 :i* woman c be at lea/ ! equal ( man--is m pot5t 9 a community civilis$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian way ?an /r5g? ( muscle4 ,:]e ! m brutal =ces are let loose ! duties ( *ivalry are always 9 requisition4 ,!n x is app>5t t def]5ce to ! claims ( wom5 = protection produces a civilis+ effect 9 s(t5+ ! r\ghness ( m54 ,x is difficult to say x to-day 9 ! tee? ( ! j claims t wom5 are mak+1 & /ill m difficult 9 face ( :at wom5 are n[ a*iev+1 9 spite ( _m relics ( b>b>ism 9 ! =m ( unfair re/rictions1 b yet x mu/ be ass]t$ t ! feebl5ess ( fem99ity--9 ! old-fa%ion$ s5se ( ! ^w--p]vades ^! poems1 & is _! mo/ t\*+ *>act]i/ic1 s t mu* ( ! pa?os & beauty ( poetry su* z t ( ^! elegies is to be trac$ to repres5tations ( woman wrong$ & suff]+ & call+ = ! sympa?y ( all behold]s4 #bag iii4 #dh ff4 #bah iii4 #ea4 #bai iii4 #dh4 ,! poet is mov$ to te>s--q unselfi% te>s1 te>s ( patriotic grief1 te>s ( compassion = helpless suff]+4 ,"h aga9 ! mod]n ,anglo-,saxon habit makes x difficult = u to appreciate 8 conduct z x des]ves4 ,we ?9k x a dreadful ?+ = a man to be se5 weep+2 & a feel+ ( %ame accompanies su* an outbur/ ( unre/ra9$ di/ress4 ,b surely !re are holy te>s1 & te>s :i* x is an hon\r = any "o to be capable ( %$d+4 ,if m]e call\sness is ! explanation ( dry eyes 9 view ( sorr[1 !re c be no cr$it = su* a condition4 ,?is is n ! re/ra9t ( te>s4 ,no?+ is easi] ?an = ! unfeel+ n to weep4 ,nor c x be ma9ta9$ t x is always necess>y to re/ra9 ! outw>d expression ( sympa?y 9 accordance ) its mo/ natural impulses4 ,our ,"l 0 /rong2 yet we c\ld nev] wi% t ! evangeli/ _h n _h occasion to write ! ev] memorable s5t5ce1 ,jesus wept4 ,suff]]s lose mu*1 n only f lack ( sympa?y1 b also f a %y concealm5t ( ! fell[-feel+ t is truly exp]i5c$4 ,!re are seasons ( ke5e/ agony1 :5 to weep ) ^? :o weep is me only possible expression ( bro!rly k9dness2 & ?is may be a v real act ( love1 appreciably alleviat+ suff]+4 ,a little c\rage on ! "p ( ,engli%m5 9 d>+ to weep w\ld knit ! ties ( bro!rhood m closely4 ,at pres5t a *ill res]ve r ?an any actual coldness ( he>t sep>ates p :o might be mu* m helpful to "o ano!r if !y c\ld b br+ !mselves to break d[n ?is b>ri]4 ,b :ile ! poet is ?us express+ 8 l>ge patriotic grief he _c =get 8 own private sorr[s4 ,!y are all p>ts ( "o common woe4 ,s he returns to 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce1 & adds "s graphic details t enable u to picture him 9 ! mid/ ( 8 mis]y4#bbj ,?\gh he _h nev] provok$ ! enemy1 he 0 *as$ l a bird1 flung into a dungeon1 :]e a /one 0 hurl$ d[n ^u him1 & :]e ! wat] 0 ly+ s deep t he 0 completely subm]g$4 ,!re is no reason to "q t def9ite /atem5ts su* z ^! repres5t ! exact exp]i5ce ( ! writ]4 ,at ! fir/ glance !y call to our m9ds ! p]secutions inflict$ on ,j]emiah by 8 own p4 ,b ! allusion w\ld be peculi>ly inappropriate1 & ! cases d n q fit toge!r4 ,! poet has be5 bewail+ ! suff]+s ( ! ,jews at ! h&s ( ! ,*aldans1 & he seems to id5tify 8 own tr\bles 9 ! close/ way ) ! g5]al flood ( calamities t swept ov] 8 nation4 ,x w\ld be q out ( place = him to ins]t "h a rem9d] ( e>li] tr\bles :i* 8 own p _h inflict$ ^u him4 ,besides1 ! p>ticul>s d n exactly agree ) :at we le>n ( ! prophet's h>d%ips f 8 own p54 ,! dungeon into :i* he 0 flung 0 v f\l1 & he sank 9 ! mire1 b x is expressly /at$ t !re 0 no wat] 9 x1 & !re is no m5tion ( /on+4#bba ,!re 7 _m suff]]s 9 t d>k "t ( tumult & outrage ^: fate 0 z h>d z t ( ,j]emiah4 #bbj iii4 #eb ff4 #bba ,j]4 xxxviii4 #f4 ,a graphic picture l ?is helps u to imag9e ! fe>ful accompanim5ts ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem mu* bett] ?an any g5]al summ>y4 ,z we gaze at ?is "o sc5e among ! _m mis]ies t foll[$ ! siege--! poet hunt$ out & run d[n1 8 capture & conveyance to ! dungeon1 app>5tly )\t a %ad[ ( a trial1 ! dang] ( dr[n+ & ! mis]y ( /&+ 9 ! wat] t _h ga!r$ 9 a place s utt]ly unfit = human habitation1 ! ne$less additional cruelty ( ! /one-?r[+--!re rises be=e u a picture :i* _c b impress our m9ds ) ! unutt]able wret*$ness ( ! suff]]s f su* a calamity z ! siege ( ,j]usalem4 ,( c\rse !re mu/ h be5 "s special reason = ! exceptionally sev]e treatm5t ( ! poet4 ,:at ?is 0 we _c tell4 ,if ! same patriotic _s burn$ 9 8 s\l 9 ! mid/ ( ! w> z we n[ f9d at ! "t ( lat] reflection1 x w\ld be mo/ reasonable to conjecture t ! ard5t lov] ( 8 c\ntry _h done or said some?+ to irritate ! enemy1 & possibly t z he devot$ 8 poetic gifts at a subsequ5t "t to lam5t+ ! ov]?r[ ( 8 city1 he may h employ$ !m ) a m practical purpose among ! battle sc5es to write "s inspir+ m>tial ode 9 :i* we may be sure he w\ld n h sp>$ ! ru?less invad]4 ,b !n he says 8 p]secution 0 )\t a cause4 ,he may h be5 undes]v$ly suspect$ ( act+ z a spy4 ,x is only by *ance t n[ & aga9 we get a glimpse ( ! backwat]s ( a great flood su* z t :i* 0 n[ deva/at+ ! l& ( ,judah2 mo/ ( ! dre>y sc5e is %r\d$ 9 gloom4 ,la/ly1 we mu/ n fail to rememb]1 9 read+ ^! expressions ( patriotic & p]sonal grief1 t !y are ! outp\r+s ( ! he>t ( ! poet be=e ,god4 ,!y are all address$ to ,god's e>2 !y are all "p ( a pray]4 ,?us !y illu/rate ! way 9 :i* pray] takes ! =m ( confid+ 9 ,god4 ,x is a great relief to be able simply to tell ,him ev]y?+4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 "h we may detect a note ( compla9t2 b if s x is n a note ( rebellion or ( unbelief4 ,al?\gh ! evils f :i* ! elegi/ & 8 p are suff]+ s griev\sly are attribut$ to ,god 9 ! mo/ uncompromis+ mann]1 ! writ] does n hesitate to look to ,god = deliv]ance4 ,?us 9 ! v mid/ ( 8 lam5tations he says t 8 weep+ is to cont9ue till ! ,"l look d[n1 & behold f heav54#bbb ,he w n cease weep+ until ?is happ5s2 b he does n expect to h to sp5d all ! rema9d] ( 8 days 9 te>s4 ,he is assur$ t ,god w he>1 & answ]1 & deliv]4 ,! "t ( ! ,div9e response is q unkn[n to him2 x may be /ill f> (f1 & !re may be mu* we>y wait+ to be endur$ fir/4 ,b x w come1 & if no "o c tell h[ long ! int]val ( trial may be1 s also no "o c say b t ! deliv]ance may arrive sudd5ly & ) a surprise ( m]cy4 ,?us ! poet weeps on1 b 9 undy+ hope4 #bbb iii4 #ej4 ,?is is ! "r attitude ( ! ,*ri/ian m\rn]4 ,we _c p5etrate ! my/]y ( ,god's times2 b t !y are 9 ,8 own h&s is n to be d5i$4 ,!re=e ! te/ ( fai? is (t5 giv5 9 ! necessity = indef9ite wait+4 ,to ! man :o tru/s ,god !re is always a future4 ,:atev] su* a man may h to endure he %\ld f9d a place 9 8 pla9t = ! ^w until4 ,he is n plung$ into ev]la/+ night4 ,he has b to endure until ! day dawn4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,de ,,pr(undis iii4 #ee-ff ,z ?is ?ird elegy--! ri*e/ & ! mo/ elaborate ( ! five t con/itute ! ,book ( ,lam5tations--draws to a close x reta9s its curi\s "* ( v>iability1 n aim+ at any climax1 b simply w9d+ on till its ?reefold acro/ics are complet$ by ! limits ( ! ,hebrew alphabet1 l a riv] t is monoton\s 9 ! v succession ( its *anges1 n[ fl[+ ?r\gh a d>k gorge1 !n rippl+ 9 cle> sunlight1 & aga9 plung+ into gloomy cav]ns4 ,! beauty & brightness ( ?is v v>iegat$ poem is f\nd at its c5tre4 ,sadd] ?\ghts foll[4 ,b ^! are n s :olly compla9+ z ! op5+ passages _h be54 ,!re is "o ?read ( cont9uity t may be trac$ "r ?r\gh ! s]ies ( *anges :i* occupy ! latt] "p ( ! poem4 ,! poet hav+ once turn$ to ! refuge ( pray] nev] altoge!r =sakes x4 ,! m$itations z mu* z ! petitions t "h occur are all direct$ to ,god4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! la/ portion ( ! elegy t claims special att5tion is ! int]e/+ rem9isc5ce ) :i* ! poet f9ds enc\ragem5t = 8 pres5t pray]s4 ,he is recall+ ! sc5es ( t mo/ di/ress+ p]iod ( 8 life1 ! "t :5 he _h be5 ca/ into a flood$ dungeon4 ,if ev] he _h come ne> to dea? x mu/ h be5 !n2 ?\gh 8 life 0 sp>$ ! mis]y ( 8 condition _h be5 extreme4 ,:ile 9 ?is mo/ wret*$ situation ! p]secut$ patriot cri$ to ,god = help1 & z he n[ recollects = 8 pres5t enc\ragem5t1 he receiv$ a di/9ct & unmi/akable answ]4 ,! sc5e is mo/ impressive4 ,z x %apes itself to 8 memory1 ! victim ( tyranny is 9 ! l[e/ dungeon4 ,?is phrase sugge/s ! ?\ght ( ! awful ,hebrew ,%eol4 ,s d>k 0 8 exp]i5ce1 & s ne> 0 ! suff]] to dea?1 x seems to him z ?\gh he _h be5 inde$ plung$ d[n into ! v abode ( ! dead4 ,yet "h he f\nd utt]ance = pray]4 ,x 0 ! pray] ( utt] extremity1 almo/ ! la/ wild cry ( a despair+ s\l1 yet n q1 = t is no pray] at all1 all pray] requir+ "s real fai?1 if only z a gra9 ( mu/>d se$4 ,moreov]1 ! poet /ates t he call$ ^u ! "n ( ,god4 ,n[ 9 ! ,bible ! "n always /&s = ! attributes :i* x connotes4 ,to call on ,god's "n is to make m5tion ( "s ( ,8 kn[n & reveal$ *>act]i/ics4 ,! man :o w d ?is is m ?an "o feel+ aft] ,god2 he has a def9ite conception ( ! nature & disposition ( ! ,be+ to :om he is address+ himself4 ,?us x happ5s t old1 famili> ideas ( ,god1 z ,he _h be5 kn[n 9 ! days ( light & joy1 rise up 9 ! he>t ( ! mis]able man1 & awak5 a long+ desire to seek ! help ( ,"o s great & good & m]ciful4 ,j 9 proportion to ! fulness ( ! mean+ ( ! "n ( ,god z x is conceiv$ by u1 w our pray]s w9 def9it5ess ( aim & /r5g? ( w+4 ,! alt> to an unkn[n god c excite b ! feeble/ & vague/ devotion4 ,inasmu* z our ,"l has greatly enri*$ ! cont5ts ( ! "n ( ,god by ,8 full revelation ( ! ,div9e ,fa!r1 to u ,*ri/ians !re has come a m def9ite direction & a m p[]ful impulse = pray]4 ,ev5 ?\gh ?is is a pray] de pr(undis x is an enlight5$ pray]4 ,we may believe t1 l a /> se5 f ! dep?s ( a well :i* excludes ! gl>e ( day1 ! significance ( ! sacr$ ,"n %one out to ! suff]] ) a beauty nev] be=e p]ceiv$ :5 he look$ up to heav5 f ! d>kness ( 8 pit ( mis]y4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t 9 ?is passage ! elegi/ is foll[+ ! sixty-n9? psalm1 & t p]haps t psalm is 8 own composition & ! expression ( ! v pray] to :i* he is "h ref]r+4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! psalm exactly fits ! situation2 & !re=e x may be tak5 z a p]fect illu/ration ( ! k9d ( pray] allud$ to4 ,! psalmi/ is 9 deep mire1 :]e !re is no /&+2 he has come into deep wat]s1 :]e ! floods ov]?r[ him2 he is p]secut$ by enemies :o hate him )\t a cause2 he has be5 weep+ till 8 eyes h fail$4 ,mean:ile he has be5 wait+ = ,god1 9 pray]s m+l$ ) confessions4 ,x is 8 zeal = ,god's h\se t has br\ght him s ne> to dea?4 ,he besee*es ,god t ! flood may n be all[$ to ov]:elm him1 nor ! pit %ut h] m\? ^u him4 ,he concludes ) an invocation ( curses ^u ! heads ( 8 enemies4 ,all ^! z well z "s m9or po9ts agree v closely ) our poet's picture ( 8 p]secutions & ! pray] he "h records4 ,read 9 ! light ( ! elegi/'s exp]i5ce1 su* a pray] z t ( ! psalm _c be tak5 z a model = daily devotion4 ,x is a pity t our habitual use ( ! ,psalt] %\ld enc\rage ?is application ( x4 ,! result is mis*iev\s 9 sev]al ways4 ,x t5ds to make our wor%ip unreal1 because ! exp]i5ce ( ! psalmi/1 ev5 :5 read metaphorically1 z x 0 probably int5d$ to be read1 is by no means a type ( ! normal condition ( human life4 ,besides1 9 s f> z we br+ ourselves to sympa?ise ) ?is pite\s outcry ( a di/ress$ s\l1 we r$uce our wor%ip to a melan*oly pla9t1 :5 x %\ld be a joy\s an!m ( praise4 ,at ! same "t1 we unconsci\sly temp] ! language we quote ) ! less pa9ful feel+s ( our own exp]i5ce1 s t its =ce is lo/ ^u u4 ,yet ! psalm is ( value z a revelation ( a s\l's agony reliev$ by pray]2 & !re are occasions :5 its v words c be repeat$ by m5 & wom5 :o are inde$ ov]:elm$ by tr\ble4 ,if we d n spoil ! occasional by attempt+ to make x habitual x is wond]ful to see h[ ri* ! ,bible is 9 utt]ances to suit all cases & all conditions4 ,su* an outp\r+ ( a di/ress$ he>t z ! elegi/ h9ts at & ! psalmi/ illu/rates1 is itself full ( pr(\nd significance4 ,! /irr+ ( a s\l to its dep?s is a revelation ( its dep?s4 ,?is revelation prev5ts u f tak+ petty views ( human nature4 ,no "o c contemplate ! ,titanic /ruggle ( ,laocoon or ! immeasurable grief ( ,niobe )\t a s5se ( ! tragic greatness ( :i* human life is capable4 ,we live s mu* on ! surface t we are 9 dang] ( =gett+ t life is n always a sup]ficial ?+4 ,b :5 a volcano bur/s out ( ! quiet pla9 ( ev]yday exi/5ce1 we are />tl$ into ! p]ception t !re mu/ be hidd5 fires :i* we may n h suspect$ be=e4 ,&1 fur!r1 :5 ! s\l 9 its extremity is se5 to be turn+ = refuge to ,god1 ! revelation ( its ,ge?semane gives a new mean+ to ! v idea ( pray]4 ,"h is pray] inde$1 & at ! sight ( su* a pr(\nd reality we are %am$ into d\bt+ :e!r we h ev] begun to pray at all1 s /iff & *ill d our utt]ances to ! ,unse5 n[ appe> to be 9 comp>ison ) ?is ,jacob-l wre/l+4 ,imm$iately aft] m5tion+ ! fact ( 8 pray] ! elegi/ adds t ?is 0 he>d by ,god4 ,8 cry rose up f ! l[e/ dungeon & rea*$ ! heights ( heav54 ,& yet we _c cr$it ?is to ! inh]5t vig\r ( pray]4 ,if a petition c ?us w+ its way to heav51 t is because x is ( heav5ly orig94 ,!re is no difficulty 9 mak+ air to rise above wat]2 ! difficulty is to s9k x2 & if any c\ld be tak5 to ! bottom ( ! sea1 ! great] ! dep? desc5d$ ! swift] w\ld x %oot up4 ,s9ce all true pray] is an inspiration x _c sp5d itself until x has1 s to speak1 re/or$ ! equilibrium by return+ to its natural sph]e4 ,b ! elegi/ puts ! case ano!r way4 ,9 ,8 great condesc5sion ,god /oops to ! v l[e/ dep?s to f9d "o ( ,8 di/ress$ *ildr54 ,x is n h>d to make ! pray] ( ! dungeon rea* ! e> ( ,god1 because ,god is 9 ! dungeon4 ,he is mo/ ne> :5 ,he is mo/ ne$$4 ,! pray] 0 m ?an he>d2 x 0 answ]$--!re 0 a ,div9e voice 9 response to ?is cry to ,god1 a voice t rea*$ ! e> ( ! desolate prison] 9 ! sil5ce ( 8 dungeon4 ,x consi/$ ( b two words1 b ^? two words 7 cle> & unmi/akable1 & q suffici5t to satisfy ! li/5]4 ,! voice said1 ,fe> n4#bbc ,t 0 en\gh4 #bbc iii4 #eg4 ,%all we d\bt ! reality ( ! rem>kable exp]i5ce t ! elegi/ "h records8 ,or c we expla9 x away by ref]5ce to ! morbid condition ( ! m9d ( a prison] endur+ ! puni%m5t ( solit>y conf9em5t8 ,x is said t ?is unnatural puni%m5t t5ds to develop insanity 9 its mis]able victims4 ,b ! poet is n[ review+ ! occurr5ce1 :i* made s deep an impression on 8 m9d at ! "t1 9 ! calm ( lat] reflection2 & evid5tly he has no d\bt ( its reality4 ,x has no?+ 9 x ( ! wild fancy ( a disord]$ bra94 ,lunacy raves2 ?is simple message is calm4 ,& x is j su* a message z ,god might be expect$ to give if ,he spoke at all--j l ,him1 we may say4 ,to ?is rem>k "s d\bt+ critic may reply1 ,exactly2 & !re=e ! m likely to h be5 imag9$ by ! expectant wor%ipp]4 ,b su* an inf]5ce is n psy*ologically correct4 ,! reply is n 9 h>mony ) ! tone ( ! pray]1 b directly oppos$ to x4 ,agony & t]ror _c g5]ate an assurance ( peace & safety4 ,! poison does n secrete its own antidote4 ,"h is an indication ( ! pres5ce ( ano!r voice1 because ! words brea! ano!r _s4 ,besides1 ?is is n an unp>allel$ exp]i5ce4 ,mo/ frequ5tly1 no d\bt1 ! answ] to pray] is n vocal1 & yet ! reality ( x may n be any ! less c]ta9 to ! seek+ s\l4 ,x may be mo/ def9ite1 al?\gh x comes 9 a de$ r ?an 9 a ^w4 ,!n ! grateful recipi5t c exclaim ) ! psalmi/-- ,?is poor man cri$1 & ! ,"l he>d him1 ,& sav$ him out ( all 8 tr\bles4#bbd #bbd ,psalm xxxiv4 #f4 ,"h is an answ]1 b n a spok5 "o1 only an action1 9 sav+ f tr\ble4 ,9 o!r cases1 h[ev]1 ! reply approa*es ne>] ! =m ( a message f heav54 ,:5 we rememb] t ,god is our ,fa!r ! wond] is n t at r>e int]vals ^! voices h be5 he>d1 b r t !y are s infrequ5t4 ,x is s easy to become ! victim ( delusions t "s caution is requisite to assure ourselves ( ! exi/5ce ( ,div9e utt]ances4 ,! v idea ( ! occurr5ce ( su* ph5om5a is discr$it$ by ! fact t ^? p]sons :o pr(ess mo/ eag]ly to h he>d sup]natural voices are commonly ! subjects ( hy/]ia2 & :5 ! voices become frequ5t ?is fact is tak5 by physicians z a symptom ( approa*+ insanity4 ,among semi-civilis$ p madness is suppos$ to be closely alli$ to inspiration4 ,! mantis is n f> f ! mad man4 ,su* a man is n ! bett] (f = ! m>* ( civilisation4 ,! anci5ts w\ld h hon\r$ him z a prophet2 we %ut him up 9 a lunatic asylum4 ,b ^! disc\rag+ consid]ations d n exhau/ ! "q4 ,delusions are n 9 !mselves dispro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! occurr5ces !y emulate4 ,ea* case mu/ be tak5 on its own m]its2 & :51 z 9 t :i* is n[ "u our consid]ation1 ! "* ( ! incid5t po9ts to a conviction ( its solid reality1 x is only a m>k ( n>r[ness ( ?\ght to refuse to lift x out ( ! category ( idle fancies4 ,b1 q ap>t f ! "q ( ! s\nd+ ( ,div9e voices 9 ! bodily e>1 ! m important tru? to be consid]$ is t 9 "s way1 if only by spiritual impression1 ,god does mo/ really speak to ,8 *ildr51 & t ,he speaks n[ z surely z ,he spoke 9 ! days ( ,israel4 ,we h no new prophets & apo/les :o c give u fre% revelations 9 ! =m ( additions to our ,bible4 ,b t is n :at is meant4 ,! elegi/ did n receive a /atem5t ( doctr9e 9 answ] to 8 pray]1 nor1 on ?is occasion1 ev5 help = ! writ+ ( 8 inspir$ poetry4 ,! voice to :i* he "h alludes 0 ( q a diff]5t "*4 ,?is 0 9 ! old5 times2 b if !n1 :y n also n[8 ,evid5tly ! elegi/ reg>d$ x z a r>e & wond]ful occurr5ce--a s+le exp]i5ce to :i* he look$ back 9 aft] ye>s ) ! int]e/ "o feels 9 a vivid recollection :i* rises l a m\nta91 clean cut aga9/ ! sky1 above ! mi/s t s quickly ga!r on ! l[ pla9s ( ! unev5tful pa/4 ,p]haps x is only 9 "o ( ! crises ( life t su* an indubitable message is s5t--:5 ! s\l is 9 ! l[e/ dungeon1 9 extremis1 cry+ out ( ! d>kness1 helpless if n yet hopeless1 ov]:elm$1 almo/ ext+ui%$4 ,b if we li/5$ = x1 :o c tell b t ! voice might n be s r>e8 ,we d n believe 9 x2 !re=e we d n he> x4 ,or ! noise ( ! _w's great loom & ! busy ?\ghts ( our own he>ts dr[n ! music t /ill floats d[n f heav5 to e>s t are tun$ to cat* its notes2 = x does n come 9 ?und]1 & we mu/ ourselves be /ill if we w\ld he> ! /ill small voice1 inw>dly /ill1 /ill 9 s\l1 /ifl+ ! *att] ( self1 /opp+ our e>s to ! d9 ( ! _w4 ,!re are ^? to-day :o tell u ) calm assurance1 n at all 9 ! vision>y's falsetto notes1 t !y h kn[n j :at is "h describ$ by ! poet--9 ! sil5ce ( a m\nta9 valley1 9 ! quiet ( a sick *amb]1 ev5 9 ! noisy cr[d at a railway /ation4 ,:5 ?is is grant$ x is /ill well = u to rememb] t we are n dep5d5t = ,div9e consolation on voices :i* to _m mu/ ev] be z dubi\s z !y are r>e4 ,?is %ort message ( two words is 9 effect ! ess5ce ( tea*+s t c be ga!r$ z freely f almo/ e page ( ! ,bible z fl[]s f a mead[ 9 ,may4 ,we h ! m sure ^w ( prophecy1 & ! burd5 ( x is ! same z ! message ( ! voice t com=t$ ! poet 9 8 dungeon4 ,t message is :olly reassur+--,fe> n4 ,s said ,god to ! patri>*3 ,fe> n1 ,abram2 ,i am ?y %ield1 & ?y exce$+ great rew>d2#bbe & to ,8 p ?r\gh ! prophet ( ! re/oration3 ,fe> n1 ?\ worm ,jacob2#bbf & ,jesus to ,8 disciples 9 ! /orm3 ,be ( good *e]3 x is ,i3 be n afraid2#bbg & our ,"l aga9 9 ,8 p>t+ address3 ,let n y\r he>t be tr\bl$1 nei!r let x be fe>ful2#bbh & ! glorifi$ ,*ri/ to ,8 t]rifi$ fri5d ,john1 :5 ,he laid ,8 "r h& on him ) ! words3 ,fe> n2 ,i am ! fir/ & ! la/1 & ! ,liv+ ,"o2 & ,i 0 dead1 & behold1 ,i am alive = ev] m1 & ,i h ! keys ( dea? & ( ,hades4#bbi ,?is is ! ^w t ,god is cont9ually speak+ to ,8 fa9t-he>t$ *ildr54 ,:5 ! bur!n ( ! my/]y1 & ! heavy & ! we>y weight ,( all ?is un9telligible _w oppress1 :5 ! great] sorr[s ?reat5 to cru% outright1 li/5+ = ! voice ( ,god1 we may he> ! message ( love f a ,fa!r's he>t z ?\gh spok5 afre% to ea* ( u2 = we h b to acqua9t ourselves ) ,him to be at peace4 #bbe ,g54 xv4 #a4 #bbf ,isa4 xli4 #ad4 #bbg ,m>k vi4 #ej4 #bbh ,john xiv4 #bg4 #bbi ,rev4 i4 #ag1 #ah4 ,! elegi/ does n recall ?is sc5e f 8 pa/ life m]ely 9 ord] to indulge 9 ! pleasures ( memory--g5]ally r melan*oly pleasures1 & ev5 mock+ if !y are 9 %>p contra/ to ! pres5t4 ,8 object is to f9d enc\ragem5t = r5ew$ hope 9 ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,9 ! compla9t t he has put into ! m\? ( ,8 p ,he has j be5 depict+ ! failure ( pray]4 ,b n[ he feels t if = a "t ,god has wrapp$ ,himself 9 a mantle ( wra? ?is _c be = ev]1 = ,he :o 0 s graci\s to ! cry ( ,8 s]vant on t ev]-memorable occasion w surely att5d aga9 to ! appeal ( di/ress4 ,?is is always ! greate/ enc\ragem5t = seek+ help f ,god4 ,x is difficult to f9d mu* satisfaction 9 :at is call$ ) an awkw>d inconsequ5ce ( diction ! philosophy ( pray]2 ! _s ( philosophy is s :olly diff]5t f ! _s ( pray]4 ,! great ju/ification = pray] is ! exp]i5ce ( pray]4 ,x is only ! pray]less man :o is :olly sceptical on ?is subject4 ,! man ( pray] _c b believe 9 pray]2 & ! m he prays & ! (t5] he turns to ?is refuge 9 all times ( ne$ ! full] is 8 assurance t ,god he>s & answ]s him4 ,consid]+ h[ ,god act$ z 8 advocate :5 he 0 9 dang] 9 ! e>li] crisis1 & !n r$eem$ 8 life1 ! poet po9ts to ?is fact z a plea 9 8 new necessity4#bcj ,god w n des]t ! cause ,he has adopt$4 ,m5 feel a peculi> int]e/ 9 ^? :om !y h already help$1 an int]e/ t is /rong] ?an ! s5se ( gratitude1 = we are m attract$ to our dep5dants ?an to our b5efactors4 ,if ,god %>es ?is feel+1 h[ /rongly mu/ ,he be drawn to u by ,8 _m =m] fav\rs6 ,! language ( ! elegi/ ga9s a great enri*m5t ( mean+ :5 read 9 ! light ( ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel4 ,9 a deep s5se1 ( :i* he c\ld h _h b ! lea/ glimm]+ ( appreh5sion1 we c appeal to ,god z ! ,r$eem] ( our life1 = we c take ! ,cross ( ,*ri/ z our plea4 ,/4 ,paul makes use ( ?is /ronge/ ( all argum5ts :5 ,he urges t if ,god gave ,8 ,son1 & if ,*ri/ di$ = u1 all o!r ne$ful bless+s1 s9ce !y _c involve s great a sacrifice1 w surely foll[4 ,accord+ly1 we c pray 9 ! language ( ! ,dies ,ir-- ,we>ily = me ,?\ s\ghte/1 ,on ! ,cross my life ,?\ b\ghte/1 ,lose n all = :i* ,?\ wr\ghte/4 #bcj iii4 #eh4 ,ris+ f ! image ( ! advocate to t ( ! magi/rate ! di/ress$ man begs ,god to judge 8 cause4#bca ,he w\ld h ,god look at 8 enemies--h[ !y wrong him1 insult him1 make him ! !me ( _! je/+ songs4#bcb #bca iii4 #ei4 #bcb iii4 #fj-c4 ,x w\ld h be5 m to our ta/e if ! poem _h end$ "h1 if !re _h be5 no rema9+ lett]s 9 ! ,hebrew alphabet to p]mit ! ext5sion ( ! acro/ics beyond ! po9t we h n[ rea*$4 ,we _c b feel t its tone is l[]$ at ! close4 ,! writ] "h proce$s to heap imprecations on ! heads ( 8 enemies4 ,x is va9 = "s comm5tator to plead ! weak excuse t ! language is prophetic4 ,?is is c]ta9ly m ?an ! utt]ance ( a pr$iction4 ,no unprejudic$ read] c d5y t x reveals a desire t ! oppressors may be blight$ & bla/$ ) ru91 & ev5 if ! words 7 only a =etell+ ( a div9ely-decre$ fate !y w\ld imply a ke5 s5se ( satisfaction 9 ! prospect1 :i* !y describe z some?+ to be gloat$ ov]4 ,we _c expect ?is ,jewi% patriot to anticipate our ,"l's int]cession & excuse = ,8 enemies4 ,ev5 ,/4 ,paul s f> =got himself z to treat ! ,high ,prie/ 9 a v diff]5t mann] f 8 ,ma/]'s behavi\r4 ,b we may see "h "o ( ! wor/ effects ( tyranny--! d>k passion ( rev5ge t x r\ses 9 its victims4 ,! provocation 0 madd5+1 & n only ( a private nature4 ,?9k ( ! situation--! belov$ city sack$ & de/roy$1 ! sacr$ temple a heap ( sm\ld]+ ru9s1 village home/eads all ov] ! hills ( ,judah wreck$ & des]t$2 slaught]1 outrage1 unspeakable wrongs endur$ by wives & maid5s1 little *ildr5 />v$ to dea?4 ,is x wond]ful t ! patriot's temp] 0 n ! sweete/ :5 he ?\ght ( ! au?ors ( su* atrocities8 ,!re is no possibility ( d5y+ ! fact--! fi]ce fires ( ,hebrew hatr$ = ! oppressors ( ! mu*-suff]+ race "h bur/ into a flame1 & t[>ds ! end ( ?is f9e/ ( elegies we read ! d>k imprecation1 ,?y curse ^u !m6#bcc #bcc iii4 #fe4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,contra/s iv4 #a-ab ,,9 =m ! f\r? elegy is slightly diff]5t f ea* ( its pr$ecessors4 ,foll[+ ! *>act]i/ic plan ( ! ,book ( ,lam5tations1 x is an acro/ic ( tw5ty-two v]ses arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,9 x we meet ) ! same curi\s transposition ( two lett]s t is f\nd 9 ! second & ?ird elegies2 x has also ! peculi> metre ( ,hebrew elegiac poetry--! v l5g?y l9e1 brok5 into two unequal p>ts4 ,b1 l ! fir/ & second1 x diff]s f ! ?ird elegy1 :i* repeats ! acro/ic lett]s 9 ?ree successive l9es1 9 only us+ ea* acro/ic once--at ! beg9n+ ( a fre% v]se2 & x diff]s f all ! ?ree fir/ elegies1 :i* are arrang$ 9 triplets1 9 hav+ only two l9es 9 ea* v]se4 ,?is poem is v arti/ically con/ruct$ 9 ! balanc+ ( its ideas & phrases4 ,! op5+ section ( x1 f ! beg9n+ to ! twelf? v]se1 consi/s ( a pair ( duplicate passages--! fir/ f v]se "o to v]se six1 ! second f v]se sev5 to v]se elev51 ! twelf? v]se br++ ?is "p ( ! poem to a close by add+ a reflection on ! common subject ( ! tw9 passages4 ,?us ! p>allelism :i* we usually meet ) 9 individual v]ses is "h ext5d$ to two s]ies ( v]ses1 we might p]haps say1 two /anzas1 except t !re is no su* =mal division4 ,9 ea* ( ^! elaborately-wr\ght sections ! elegi/ br+s out a ri* array ( similes to en=ce ! trem5d\s contra/ betwe5 ! orig9al condition ( ! p ( ,j]usalem & _! subsequ5t wret*$ness4 ,! details ( ! two descriptions foll[ closely p>allel l9es1 ) suffici5t div]sity1 bo? 9 idea & 9 illu/ration1 ?\gh *iefly 9 illu/ration1 to avoid tautology & to s]ve to height5 ! g5]al effect by mutual comp>isons4 ,bo? passages op5 ) images ( beautiful & co/ly natural objects to :i* ! lite ( ,j]usalem are comp>$4 ,next comes ! viol5t contra/ ( _! /ate aft] ! ov]?r[ ( ! city4 ,!n turn+ aside to m di/ant sc5es1 ea* ( :i* is m or less repell5t--! lair ( wild bea/s 9 ! fir/ case1 9 ! second ! battle-field--! poet describes ! mu* m degrad$ & mis]able condition ( 8 p4 ,bo? passages direct especial att5tion to ! fate ( *ildr5--! fir/ to _! />vation1 ! second to a p]fectly gha/ly sc5e4 ,at ?is po9t 9 ea* "p ! previ\s da9t9ess ( ! upbr++ ( ! m ref9$ classes is contra/$ ) ! condition ( degradation worse ?an t ( savages to :i* !y h be5 r$uc$4 ,ea* passage concludes ) a ref]5ce to ^? deep] facts ( ! case :i* make x a sign ( ! wra? ( heav5 aga9/ exceptionally guilty s9n]s4 ,! elegi/ beg9s ) an evid5t allusion to ! consequ5ces ( ! burn+ ( ! temple1 :i* we le>n f ! hi/ory 0 effect$ by ! ,babylonian g5]al ,nebuz>-adan4#bcd ,! co/ly spl5d\r ) :i* ?is temple at ,j]usalem 0 decorat$ all[$ ( a r>e glitt] ( gold1 su* z ,josephus describes :5 writ+ ( ! lat] temple2 gold n l t ( ! domes ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 mell[$ by ! climate ( ,v5ice to a sob] dep? ( hue1 b all ablaze ) dazzl+ radiance4 ,! fir/ effect ( ! smoke ( a great conflagration w\ld be to cl\d & soil ?is some:at raw magnific5ce1 s t ! *oice gold became dull4 ,t ! preci\s /ones /ol5 f ! temple treasury w\ld be flung c>elessly ab\t ! /reets1 z our ,au?oris$ ,v]sion w\ld seem to sugge/1 is n to be suppos$ 9 ! case ( ! sack ( a city by a civilis$ army1 :atev] might happ5 if a ,v&al ho/ swept ?r\gh x4 ,! /ones ( ! sanctu>y1#bce h[ev]1 might be ! /ones ) :i* ! build+ _h be5 con/ruct$4 ,/ill1 ev5 ) ?is int]pretation ! /atem5t seems v improbable t ! invad]s w\ld take ! tr\ble to c>t ^! huge blocks ab\t ! city 9 ord] to di/ribute !m 9 heaps at all ! /reet corn]s4 ,we are driv5 to ! conclusion t ! poet is speak+ metaphorically1 t he is mean+ ! ,jews !mselves1 or p]haps ! m fav\r$ classes1 ! noble sons ( ,zion ( :om he writes op5ly 9 ! next v]se4#bcf ,?is int]pretation is confirm$ :5 we consid] ! comp>ison ) ! p>allel passage1 :i* />ts at once ) a ref]5ce to ! pr9ces4#bcg ,x seems likely !n t ! gold t has be5 s sulli$ also repres5ts ! *oic] "p ( ! p4 ,! writ] deplores ! de/ruction ( 8 belov$ sanctu>y1 & ! image ( t calamity is 9 8 m9d at ! pres5t "t2 & yet x is n ?is t he is mo/ deeply lam5t+4 ,he is m conc]n$ ) ! fate ( 8 p4 ,! patriot loves ! v soil ( 8 native l&1 ! loyal citiz5 ! v /reets & /ones ( 8 city4 ,b if su* a man is m ?an a dream] or a s5tim5tali/1 fle% & blood mu/ mean inf9itely m to him ?an e>? & /ones4 ,! ru9 ( a city is some?+ else ?an ! de/ruction ( its build+s2 an e>?quake or a fire may effect ?is1 & yet1 l ,*icago1 ! city may rise aga9 9 great] spl5d\r4 ,! ru9 t is mo/ deplorable is ! ru9 ( human lives4 #bcd #b ,k+s xxv4 #i4 #bce iv4 #a4 #bcf iv4 #b4 #bcg iv4 #g4 ,?is some:at ari/ocratic poet1 ! m\?piece ( an ari/ocratic age1 comp>es ! sons ( ! ,jewi% nobility to pure/ gold4 ,yet he tells u t !y are treat$ z common e>!n vessels1 p]haps mean+ 9 contra/ to ! vessels ( preci\s metal us$ 9 ! palaces ( ! great4 ,!y are reg>d$ z ( no m value ?an pott]'s "w1 ?\gh =m]ly !y _h be5 priz$ z ! da9ty art ( a goldsmi?4 ,?is fir/ /atem5t only treats ( insult & humiliation4 ,b ! evil is worse4 ,! jackals t he kn[s mu/ be pr[l+ ab\t ! des]t$ ru9s ( ,j]usalem ev5 :ile he writes sugge/s a /range1 wild image to ! poet's m9d4#bch ,^! fi]ce creatures suckle _! "y1 ?\gh n 9 ! tame mann] ( dome/ic animals4 ,x is s+ul> t ! nurture ( pr9ces amid ! ref9em5ts ( weal? & luxury %\ld be comp>$ to ! fe$+ ( _! cubs by scav5g]s ( ! wild]ness4 ,b our ?\ghts are ?us direct$ to ! wide ext5t1 ! univ]sal ex]cise ( mat]nal in/9cts ?r\gh\t ! animal _w1 ev5 among ! mo/ savage & homeless creatures4 ,/>tl+ inde$ is x to ?9k t su* in/9cts %\ld ev] fail among m51 or ev5 t circum/ances %\ld ev] h9d] ! natural p]=mance ( ! functions to :i* !y po9t ) imp]i\s urg5cy4 ,al?\gh ! second passage tells ( ! viol5t rev]sal ( ! natural feel+s ( mat]nity "u ! madd5+ influ5ce ( fam9e1 "h we read h[ />vation has simply /opp$ ! t5d] m9i/ry :i* mo!rs r5d] to _! infants1 ) a vague h9t at "s cruelty on ! "p ( ! ,jewi% mo!rs4 ,a comp>ison ) ! suppos$ conduct ( o/ri*es 9 leav+ _! eggs sugge/s t ?is is negative cruelty2 _! he>ts be+ froz5 ) agony1 ! wret*$ mo!rs lose all int]e/ 9 _! *ildr54 ,b !n !re is n food = !m4 ,! calamities ( ! times h /aun*$ ! "m's milk2 & !re is no bread = ! old] *ildr54#bci ,x is ! extreme rev]sal ( _! =tunes t makes ! mis]y ( ! *ildr5 ( pr9cely homes mo/ acute2 ev5 ^? :o d n suff] ! pangs ( hung] are flung d[n to ! l[e/ dep?s ( wret*$ness4 ,! memb]s ( ! ari/ocracy h be5 accu/om$ to live luxuri\sly2 n[ !y w&] ab\t ! /reets dev\r+ :atev] !y c pick up4 ,9 ! old days ( luxury !y us$ to recl9e on sc>let c\*es2 n[ !y h no bett] b$ ?an ! fil?y dunghill4#bdj #bch iv4 #c4 #bci iv4 #d4 #bdj iv4 #e4 ,! passage concludes ) a reflection on ! g5]al "* ( ?is dreadful condition ( ,israel4#bda ,x mu/ be closely connect$ ) ! s9s ( ! p4 ,! drift ( ! context w\ld lead u to judge t ! poet does n mean to comp>e ! guilt ( ,j]usalem ) t ( ,sodom1 b r ! fate ( ! two cities4 ,! puni%m5t ( ,israel is great] ?an t ( ,sodom4 ,b ?is is puni%m5t2 & ! odi\s comp>ison w\ld n be made unless ! s9 _h be5 ( ! blacke/ dye4 ,?us 9 ?is elegy ! calamities ( ,j]usalem are aga9 trac$ back to ! ill-do+s ( h] p4 ,! awful fate ( ! cities ( ! pla9 /&s out 9 ! anci5t n>rative z ! exceptional puni%m5t ( exceptional wick$ness4 ,b n[ 9 ! race = a fir/ place 9 ! hi/ory ( doom ,j]usalem has brok5 ! record4 ,ev5 ,sodom has be5 eclips$ 9 ! headlong c\rse by ! city once mo/ fav\r$ by heav54 ,x seems well nigh impossible4 ,:at c\ld be worse ?an total de/ruction by fire f heav58 ,! elegi/ consid]s t !re are two po9ts 9 ! fate ( ,j]usalem t conf] a gloomy pre-em95ce 9 mis]y4 ,! doom ( ,sodom 0 sudd51 & man _h no h& 9 x b ,j]usalem fell into ! h&s ( man--a calamity :i* ,david judg$ to be worse ?an fall+ into ! h&s ( ,god2 & %e _h to endure a long1 l+]+ agony4 #bda iv4 #f4 ,pass+ on to ! consid]ation ( ! p>allel section1 we see t ! au?or foll[s ! same l9es1 ?\gh ) consid]able fre%ness ( treatm5t4 ,/ill direct+ especial att5tion to ! trem5d\s *ange 9 ! =tunes ( ! ari/ocracy1 he beg9s aga9 by describ+ ! spl5d\r ( _! e>li] /ate4 ,?is _h be5 adv]tis$ to all eyes by ! v complexion ( _! c\nt5ances4 ,unlike ! toil]s :o 7 necess>ily bronz$ by work+ "u a s\!rn sun1 ^! delicately nurtur$ p]sons _h be5 able to pres]ve fair sk9s 9 ! %ady seclusion ( _! cool palaces1 s t 9 ! hyp]bole ( ! poem !y c\ld be describ$ z pur] ?an sn[ & :it] ?an milk4#bdb ,yet !y _h no sickly pallor4 ,_! heal? _h be5 well att5d$ to2 s t !y 7 also ruddy z corals1 :ile _! d>k hair#bdc gli/5$ l sapphires4 ,b n[ see !m6 ,_! faces are d>k] ?an blackness4#bdd ,we ne$ n enquire aft] a lit]al explanation ( an expression :i* is 9 h>mony ) ! extravagance ( ,ori5tal language1 al?\gh d\btless exposure to ! wea!r1 & ! grime & smoke ( ! sc5es ^! *ildr5 ( luxury _h pass$ ?r\gh1 mu/ h _h a consid]able effect on _! effem9ate c\nt5ances4 ,! language "h is evid5tly figurative4 ,s x is ?r\gh\t ! passage4 ,! :ole aspect ( ! lives & =tunes ( ^! delicately nurtur$ lordl+s has be5 rev]s$4 ,!y tell _! /ory by ! gloom ( _! c\nt5ances & by ! %rivell$ appe>ance ( _! bodies4 ,!y c no long] be recognis$ 9 ! /reets1 s pite\s a *ange has _! mis=tunes wr\ght 9 !m4 ,)]$ & wiz51 !y are r$uc$ to sk9 & bone by %e] fam9e4 ,suff]]s f su* cont9u\s calamities z ^! fall5 pr9ces are pass+ ?r\gh are treat$ to a worse fate ?an t :i* ov]took _! bre?r5 :o fell 9 ! w>4 ,! sword is bett] ?an hung]4 ,! victims ( w>1 /rick5 d[n 9 ! heat ( battle b 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1 s t !y leave ! fruits ( ! field beh9d !m unt\*$ because no long] ne$$1#bde are to be c\nt$ happy 9 be+ tak5 f ! evil to come4 #bdb iv4 #g4 #bdc iv4 #g4 ,hair1 ,accord+ to a slight em5dation ( ! text recomm5d$ by rec5t criticism4 #bdd iv4 #h4 #bde ,s p]haps we %\ld und]/& v]4 #i1 apply+ ! la/ clause to ! fall5 w>riors4 ,9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 h[ev]1 r5d]$ s z to ref] to ! fami%$ p :o p9e away = lack ( ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,yet ano!r r5d]+ is fade away 444 l ! gr[? ( ! fields4 ,! gruesome horror ( ! next sc5e is beyond description4#bdf ,m ?an once hi/ory has _h to record ! absolute ext9ction1 nay1 we mu/ say ! insane rev]sal1 ( mat]nal in/9cts "u ! influ5ce ( hung]4 ,we c\ld n believe x possible if we did n "k t x _h occurr$4 ,x is a degradation ( :at we hold to be mo/ sacr$ 9 human nature2 p]haps x is only possible :]e human nature has be5 degrad$ already1 = we mu/ n =get t 9 ! pres5t case ! wom5 :o are driv5 bel[ ! level ( %e-wolves are n *ildr5 ( nature1 b ! daught]s ( an effete civilisation :o h be5 nurs$ 9 ! lap ( luxury4 ,?is is ! climax4 ,imag9ation itself c\ld sc>cely g fur!r4 ,& yet accord+ to 8 cu/om ?r\gh\t1 ! elegi/ attributes ^! calamities ( 8 p to ! ang] ( ,god4 ,su* ?+s seem to indicate a v fury ( ,div9e wra?2 ! ang] mu/ be fi]ce inde$ to k9dle su* a fire 9 ,zion4#bdg ,b n[ ! v f\ndations ( ! city are de/roy$ ev5 t t]rible ?ir/ = retribution mu/ be satisfi$4 #bdf iv4 #aj4 #bdg iv4 #aa4 ,^! are ?\ghts :i* we z ,*ri/ians d n c>e to ent]ta92 & yet x is 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t t we read t our ,god is a consum+ fire2#bdh & x is ( our ,"l t ,john ! ,bapti/ decl>es3 ,he w ?r\ghly purge ,8 ?re%+-floor4#bdi ,if ,god is angry at all ,8 ang] _c be light2 = no action ( ,8 is feeble or ineffectual4 ,! subsequ5t re/oration ( ,israel %[s t ! fires to :i* ! elegi/ "h calls our att5tion 7 purgatorial4 ,?is fact mu/ pr(\ndly affect our view ( _! "*4 ,/ill !y are v real1 or ! ,book ( ,lam5tations w\ld n h be5 writt54 #bdh ,heb4 xii4 #bi4 #bdi ,matt4 iii4 #ab4 ,9 view ( ! :ole situation s graphically portray$ by means ( ! d\ble l9e ( illu/rations ! poet concludes ?is "p ( 8 elegy ) a device t rem9ds u ( ! function ( ! *orus 9 ! ,greek drama4 ,we see ! k+s ( all o!r nations 9 amazem5t at ! fate ( ,j]usalem4#bej ,! m\nta9 city _h ! reputation ( be+ an impregnable =tress1 at lea/ s h] fond citiz5s imag9$4 ,b n[ %e has fall54 ,x is incr$ible6 ,! news ( ?is :olly unexpect$ disa/] is suppos$ to s5d a %ock ?r\gh =eign c\rts4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! bl[ t /unn$ ,/4 ,j]ome :5 a rum\r ( ! fall ( ,rome rea*$ ! /udi\s monk 9 8 quiet retreat at ,be?lehem4 ,m5 c tell t a sev]e /orm has be5 rag+ out 9 ! ,atlantic if !y see unusually great roll]s break+ on ! ,corni% crags4 ,h[ huge a calamity mu/ t be ! m]e e*o ( :i* c produce a />tl+ effect 9 f> c\ntries6 ,b c\ld ^! k+s really be s a/oni%$ see+ t ,j]usalem _h be5 captur$ twice be=e8 ,! poet's language r po9ts to ! ov]we5+ pride & confid5ce ( ! ,jews1 & x %[s h[ great ! %ock to !m mu/ h be5 s9ce !y c\ld n b reg>d x z a wond] to ! _w4 ,su* !n is ! picture drawn by our poet ) ! aid ( ! utmo/ arti/ic skill 9 br++ out its /rik+ effects4 ,n[ be=e we turn away f x let u ask ourselves :]e9 its true significance may be said to be4 ,?is is a /udy 9 black & :ite4 ,! v language is su*2 & :5 we come to consid] ! lessons t language sets =? ) s mu* %>pness & vig\r1 we %all see t !y too p>take ( ! same "*4 #bej iv4 #ab4 ,! =ce ( contra/s--t is ! fir/ & mo/ obvi\s *>act]i/ic ( ! sc5e4 ,we are v famili> ) ! height5+ ( effects by ?is means1 & x is ne$less to repeat ! trite lessons t h be5 d]iv$ f ! application ( x to life4 ,we "k t none suff] s ke5ly f adv]sity z ^? :o 7 once v prosp]\s4 ,m>ius 9 ! ,mam]t9e dungeon1 ,napoleon at ,/4 ,hel5a1 ,nebu*adnezz> among ! bea/s1 ,dives 9 ,hell1 are b notori\s illu/rations ( :at we may all see on ! small] canvas ( e-day life4 ,great z are ! h>d%ips ( ! *ildr5 ( ! slums1 x is n to !m1 b to ! unhappy victims ( a viol5t *ange ( circum/ances1 t ! burd5 ( pov]ty is mo/ heavy4 ,we h se5 ?is pr9ciple illu/rat$ repeat$ly 9 ! ,book ( ,lam5tations4 ,b n[ may we n g beh9d x1 & lay hold ( some?+ m ?an an indubitable psy*ological law8 ,:ile look+ only at ! rev]sals ( =tune :i* may be witness$ on e h&1 we are tempt$ to hold life to be little bett] ?an a gambl+ b\t ) high /akes & desp]ate play4 ,fur!r consid]ation1 h[ev]1 %\ld tea* u t ! /akes are n s high z !y appe>2 t is to say1 t ! *ances ( ! _w d n s pr(\ndly affect our fate z surface views w\ld lead u to suppose4 ,su* ?+s z ! pursuit ( m]e s5sation1 ! life ( ext]nal aims1 ! surr5d] to ! excitem5t ( ! mom5t1 are d\btless subject to ! vicissitudes ( contra/2 b x is ! tea*+ ( our ,"l t ! high] pursuits are free f ^! evils4 ,if ! treasure is 9 heav5 no ?ief c /eal x1 no mo? or ru/ c corrupt x2 & !re=e s9ce :]e ! treasure is !re w ! he>t be also1 x is possible to keep ! he>t 9 peace ev5 among ! *anges t upset a purely sup]ficial life ) e>?quake %ocks4 ,s9c]e z is ! lam5t ( ! elegi/ ov] ! fate ( 8 p1 a subtle ?read ( irony seems to run ?r\gh 8 language4 ,possibly x is q unconsci\s2 b if s x is ! m significant1 = x is ! irony ( fact :i* _c be exclud$ by ! simple/ me?od ( /atem5t4 ,x sugge/s t ! gr&eur :i* c\ld be s easily turn$ to humiliation mu/ h be5 some:at tawdry at be/4 ,b unhappily ! fall ( ! pamp]$ y\? ( ,j]usalem 0 n conf9$ to a rev]sal ( ext]nal =tune4 ,! elegi/ has be5 c>eful to po9t out t ! mis]ies !y endur$ 7 ! puni%m5ts ( _! s9s4 ,!n !re _h be5 an e>li] & mu* great] collapse4 ,be=e any =eign enemy _h appe>$ at h] gates ! city _h succumb$ to a fatal foe br$ )9 h] own walls4 ,luxury _h und]m9$ ! vig\r ( ! weal?y2 vice _h black5$ ! beauty ( ! "y4 ,!re is a f9e gold ( "* :i* w be sulli$ beyond recognition :5 ! f\l vap\rs ( ! pit are p]mitt$ to break out ^u x4 ,! magnific5ce ( ,solomon's temple is poor & sup]ficial 9 comp>ison ) ! beauty ( "y s\ls end[$ ) intellectual & moral gifts1 l jewels ( r>e/ wor?4 ,man is n treat$ 9 ! ,bible z a paltry creature4 ,0 he n made 9 ! image ( ,god8 ,jesus w\ld n h u despise our own native wor?4 ,hope & fai? come f a l(ty view ( human nature & its possibilities4 ,s\ls are n sw9e2 & !re=e by all ! measure ( _! sup]iority to sw9e s\ls are wor? sav+4 ,! %ame & sorr[ ( s9 lie j 9 ?is fact1 t x is s f\l a degradation ( s fair a ?+ z human nature4 ,"h is ! contra/ t height5s ! trag$y ( lo/ s\ls4 ,b !n we may add1 9 its rev]sal ?is same contra/ magnifies ! glory ( r$emption--f s deep a pit does ,*ri/ br+ back ,8 ransom$1 to s great a height does ,he raise !m6 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,lep]s iv4 #ac-af ,pass+ f ! fate ( ! pr9ces to t ( ! prophets & prie/s1 we come ^u a vividly dramatic sc5e 9 ! /reets ( ,j]usalem amid ! t]ror & confusion t prec$e ! f9al act ( ! national trag$y4 ,! doom ( ! city is attribut$ to ! crimes ( h] religi\s lead]s1 ^: true *>act]s are n[ laid b>e4 ,! citiz5s %r9k f ! guilty m5 ) ! loa?+ felt = lep]s1 & %riek to !m to dep>t1 call+ !m unclean1 & w>n+ !m n to t\* any "o by ! way1 because !re is blood ^u !m4 ,dread+ ! awful treatm5t measur$ out to ! victims ( lyn*-law1 !y /agg] ?r\gh ! /reets 9 a /ate ( bewild]m5t1 & /umble l bl9d m54 ,fugitives & vagabonds1 ) ! m>k ( ,ca9 ^u !m1 driv5 out at ! gates by ! impati5t mob1 !y c f9d no refuge ev5 9 =eign l&s1 = none ( ! nations w receive !m4 ,we d n "k :e!r ! poet is "h describ+ actual ev5ts1 or :e!r ?is is an imag9>y picture design$ to express 8 own feel+s ) reg>d to ! p]sons conc]n$4 ,! situation is p]fectly natural1 & :at is n>rat$ may v well h happ5$ j z x is describ$4 ,b if x is n hi/ory x is /ill a revelation ( "*1 a repres5tation ( :at ! writ] kn[s to be ! conduct ( ! moral lep]s1 & _! des]ts2 & z su* x is mo/ sugge/ive4 ,9 ! fir/ place !re is mu* significance 9 ! fact t ! ov]?r[ ( ,j]usalem is unhesitat+ly *>g$ to ! acc\nt ( ! s9s ( h] prophets & prie/s4 ,^! once v5]at$ m5 are n m]ely no long] protect$ by ! sanctity ( _! (fices f ! accusations t are br\ght aga9/ ! laity2 !y are s+l$ out = a *>ge ( exceptionally he9\s wick$ness :i* is reg>d$ z ! root cause ( all ! tr\bles t h fall5 ^u ! ,jews4 ,! second elegy _h affirm$ ! failure ( ! prophets & ! vanity ( _! visions4#bea ,?is new & /rong] accusation reads l a rem9isc5ce ( ,j]emiah1 :o repeat$ly speaks ( ! s9s ( ! cl]ical class & ! mis*ief result+ !refrom4#beb ,evid5tly ! t]rible tru? ! prophet dwelt ^u s mu* 0 felt by a disciple ( 8 s*ool to be ( ! mo/ s]i\s consequ5ce4 #bea ii4 #i1 #ad4 #beb ,j]4 vi4 #ac2 viii4 #aj2 xxiii4 #aa1 #ad2 xxvi4 #g ff4 ,! accusation is ( ! v grave/ "*4 ,^! religi\s lead]s are *>g$ ) murd]4 ,if ! elegi/ is record+ hi/orical occurr5ces he may be allud+ to riots 9 :i* ! feuds ( rival factions _h issu$ 9 blood%$2 or he may h _h in=mation ( private acts ( assass9ation4 ,8 language po9ts to a condition 9 ,j]usalem simil> to t :i* 0 f\nd 9 ,rome at ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 :5 popes & c>d9als 7 ! greate/ crim9als4 ,! crimes 7 aggravat$ by ! fact t ! victims select$ 7 ! righte\s1 p]haps m5 ( ! ,j]emiah p>ty1 :o _h be5 p]secut$ by ! (ficials ( ! ,/ate religion4 ,b q ap>t f ^! d>k & tragic ev5ts1 ! record ( :i* has n be5 pres]v$1 if ! wick$ policy ( _! cl]gy _h br\ght d[n on ! heads ( ! citiz5s ( ,j]usalem ! mass ( calamities t accompani$ ! siege ( ! city by ! ,babylonians1 ?is policy 0 9 itself a cause ( great blood%$4 ,! m5 :o invit$ ! ru9 ( _! city 7 9 reality ! murd]]s ( all :o p]i%$ 9 t calamity4 ,we "k f ,j]emiah's /atem5ts on ! subject t ! false1 "t-s]v+1 popul> prophets 7 deceiv]s ( ! p1 :o allay$ al>m by means ( lies1 say+ peace1 peace2 :5 !re 0 no peace4#bec ,:5 ! deception 0 discov]$ _! angry dupes w\ld naturally hold !m responsible = ! results ( _! wick$ness4 #bec ,j]4 vi4 #ad2 viii4 #aa4 ,! s9 ( ^! religi\s lead]s ( ,israel consi/s ess5tially 9 betray+ a sacr$ tru/4 ,! prie/ is 9 *>ge ( ! ,torah--traditional or writt52 he mu/ h be5 unfai?ful to 8 law or he c\ld n h l$ 8 p a/ray4 ,if ! prophet's claims are valid ?is man is ! mess5g] ( ,jehovah1 & !re=e he mu/ h falsifi$ 8 message 9 ord] to delude 8 audi5ce2 if1 h[ev]1 he has n himself he>d ! ,div9e voice he is no bett] ?an a d]vi%1 & 9 pret5d+ to speak ) ! au?ority ( an ambassador f heav5 he is behav+ z a mis]able *>latan4 ,9 ! case n[ be=e u ! motive = ! practice ( deceit is v evid5t4 ,x is ?ir/ = popul>ity4 ,tru?1 "r1 ,god's w--^! imp]ial au?orities c\nt = no?+1 because ! fav\r ( ! p is reckon$ z ev]y?+4 ,no d\bt !re are times :5 ! temptation to desc5d to untru?fulness 9 ! dis*>ge ( a public function is peculi>ly press+4 ,:5 p>ty feel+ is r\s$1 or :5 a mad panic has tak5 possession ( a community1 x is exce$+ly difficult to resi/ ! curr5t & ma9ta9 :at "o kn[s to be "r 9 conflict ) ! popul> movem5t4 ,b 9 its m common occurr5ce ?is trea*]y _c plead any su* excuse4 ,t tru? %\ld be trampl$ "u foot & s\ls endang]$ m]ely to enable a public speak] to refre% 8 vanity ) ! music ( applause is ab\t ! mo/ despicable exhibition ( selfi%ness imag9able4 ,if a man :o has be5 set 9 a place ( tru/ pro/itutes 8 privileges simply to w9 admiration = 8 oratory1 or at mo/ 9 ord] to avoid ! discom=t ( unpopul>ity or ! disappo9tm5t ( neglect1 8 s9 is unp>donable4 ,! "o =m ( unfai?fulness on ! "p ( ^! religi\s lead]s ( ,israel ( :i* we are specially in=m$ is _! refusal to w>n _! reckless fell[-citiz5s ( ! approa* ( dang]1 or to br+ home to _! he>]'s consci5ces ! guilt ( ! s9 = :i* ! imp5d+ doom 0 ! j puni%m5t4 ,!y are ! prototypes ( ^? writ]s & prea*]s :o smoo? ov] ! unpleasant facts ( life4 ,x is n easy = any "o to we> ! mantle ( ,elijah1 or e*o ! /]n des]t voice ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,m5 :o covet popul>ity d n c>e to be reckon$ pessimi/s2 & :5 ! gloomy tru? is n flatt]+ to _! he>]s !y are sorely tempt$ to pass on to m cong5ial topics4 ,?is 0 app>5t 9 ! ,dei/ic optimism t almo/ /ifl$ spiritual life dur+ ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,our age is f> f be+ optimi/ic2 & yet ! same temptation ?reat5s to smo!r religion to-day4 ,9 an ari/ocratic age ! sycophant flatt]s ! great2 9 a democratic age he flatt]s ! p--:o are !n 9 fact ! great4 ,! peculi> dang] ( our own day is t ! prea*] %\ld simply e*o popul> cries1 & voice ! dem&s ( ! majority irrespective ( ! "q ( _! ju/ice4 ,?ru/ into ! position ( a social lead] ) m urg5cy ?an 8 pr$ecessors ( any "t s9ce ! age ( ! ,hebrew prophets1 x is expect$ t he w lead :i!r ! p wi% to g1 & if he decl9es to d s he is d5\nc$ z retrograde4 ,& yet z ! mess5g] ( ,heav5 he %\ld consid] x 8 supreme duty to reveal ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god1 to speak = tru? & righte\sness1 & !re=e to condemn ! s9s ( ! democracy equally ) ! s9s ( ! ari/ocracy4 ,brave lab\r-lead]s h fall5 into disfav\r = tell+ work+-m5 t _! wor/ enemies 7 _! own vices--su* z intemp]ance4 ,! wick$ness ( a responsible tea*] :o treasonably neglects ?us to w>n 8 bre?r5 ( dang] is p[]fully express$ by ,ezekiel's cle>1 anti!tical /atem5ts conc]n+ ! respective guilt ( ! wat*man & 8 fell[-citiz51 :i* %[ conclusively t ! greate/ burd5 ( blame mu/ re/ on ! unfai?ful wat*man4#bed #bed ,ezek4 iii4 #af-ba4 ,9 ! h\r ( _! exposure ^! wret*$ prophets & prie/s lose all s5se ( dignity1 ev5 lose _! self-possession1 & /umble ab\t l bl9d m51 helpless & bewild]$4 ,_! behavi\r sugge/s ! idea t !y mu/ be drunk ) ! blood !y h %$1 or ov]come by ! intoxication ( _! ?ir/ = blood2 b ! explanation is t !y _c lift up _! heads to look a neighb\r 9 ! face1 because all _! little devices h be5 torn to %r$s1 all _! speci\s lies detect$1 all _! empty promises falsifi$4 ,?is %ame ( de?ron$ popul>ity is ! greate/ humiliation4 ,! unhappy man :o has br\ght himself to live on ! brea? ( fame _c hide 8 fall 9 oblivion & obscurity z a private p]son may d4 ,/&+ 9 ! full blaze ( ! _w's obs]vation :i* he has s eag]ly focuss$ on himself1 he has no alt]native b to ex*ange ! glory ( popul>ity = ! ignom9y ( notoriety4 ,possibly ! confusion consequ5t on _! exposure is all t ! poet is ?9k+ ( :5 he depicts ! bl9d /agg]+ ( ! prophets & prie/s4 ,b x is n unreasonable to take ?is picture z an illu/ration ( _! moral condition1 especially aft] ! ref]5ces to ! faults ( ! prophets 9 ! second elegy h direct$ our att5tion to _! spiritual d>kness & ! vanity ( _! visions4 ,:5 ! refuge ( lies 9 :i* !y _h tru/$ 0 swept away !y w\ld necess>ily f9d !mselves lo/ & helpless4 ,!y _h s long wor%ipp$ falsehood1 x _h become s mu* _! god t we might say1 9 x !y _h liv$1 & mov$1 & _h _! be+4 ,b n[ !y h lo/ ! v atmosph]e ( _! lives4 ,?is is ! p5alty ( deceit4 ,! man :o beg9s by us+ x z 8 tool becomes 9 "t its victim4 ,at fir/ he lies ) 8 eyes op52 b ! sure effect ( ?is conduct is t 8 sight becomes dim & blurr$1 till1 if he p]si/ 9 ! fatal c\rse long en\gh1 he is ultimately r$uc$ to a condition ( bl9dness4 ,joy cont9ually mix+ tru? & falsehood toge!r he loses ! p[] ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 !m4 ,x may be suppos$ t at an e>li] /age ( _! decl9e1 if ! religi\s lead]s ( ,israel _h be5 hone/ ) reg>d to _! own convictions !y mu/ h admitt$ ! possible g5u95ess ( ^? prophets ( ru9 :om !y _h p]secut$ 9 def]5ce to popul> clam\r4 ,b !y _h reject$ all su* unwelcome ?\ghts s p]si/5tly t 9 c\rse ( "t !y _h lo/ ! p]ception ( !m4 ,!re=e :5 ! tru? 0 fla%$ ^u _! unwill+ m9ds by ! unque/ionable revelation ( ev5ts !y 7 z helpless z bats & owls sudd5ly driv5 out into ! daylight by an e>?quake t has flung d[n ! crumbl+ ru9s 9 :i* !y _h be5 %elt]+ !mselves4 ,! discov]y ( ! true "* ( ^! m5 0 ! signal = a yell ( execration on ! "p ( ! p by flatt]+ :om !y _h obta9$ _! livelihood1 or at lea/ all t !y mo/ valu$ 9 life4 ,?is too mu/ h be5 ano!r %ock ( surprise to !m4 ,_h !y believ$ 9 ! ess5tial fickl5ess ( popul> fav\r1 !y w\ld nev] h built _! hopes ^u s prec>i\s a f\ndation1 = !y might z well h set up _! dwell+ on ! /r& t w\ld be flood$ at ! next turn ( ! tide4 ,hi/ory is /rewn ) ! wreckage ( fall5 popul> reputations ( all degrees ( m]it1 f t ( ! consci5ti\s m>tyr :o _h always look$ to high] ends ?an ! applause :i* once encircl$ him1 to t ( ! frivol\s *ild ( =tune :o _h kn[n ( no?+ bett] ?an ! _w's empty admiration4 ,we see ?is bo? 9 ,savon>ola m>tyr$ at ! /ake & 9 ,beau ,na% />v$ 9 a g>ret4 ,!re is no m pa!tic sc5e to be ga!r$ f ! /ory ( religion 9 ! pres5t c5tury ?an t ( ,edw>d ,irv+1 once ! idol ( society1 subsequ5tly des]t$ by fa%ion1 /ation+ himself at a /reet corn] to proclaim 8 message to a *ance congregation ( idl]s2 & 8 mi/ake 0 t ( an hone/ man :o _h be5 misl$ by a delusion4 ,incomp>ably worse is ! fate ( ! fall5 fav\rite :o has no hone/y ( conviction ) :i* to com=t himself :5 fr[n$ at by ! he>tless _w t _h rec5tly fawn$ ^u him4 ,! ,jews %[ _! disgu/ & horror = _! =m] lead]s by pelt+ !m ) ! lep] call4 ,accord+ to ! law ! lep] mu/ g ) r5t clo!s & fl[+ hair1 & 8 face p>tly cov]$1 cry+1 ,unclean1 unclean4#bee ,x is evid5t t ! poet has ?is famili> m\rnful cry 9 8 m9d :5 he describes ! treatm5t ( ! prophets & prie/s4 ,& yet !re is a diff]5ce4 ,! lep] is to utt] ! humiliat+ ^w himself2 b 9 ! case n[ be=e u x is flung aft] ! outca/ lead]s by _! pitiless fell[-citiz5s4 ,! alt]ation is n )\t significance4 ,! mis]able victim ( bodily disease c\ld n hope to disguise 8 condition4 ,:ite z sn[1 8 well-kn[n compla9t 0 pat5t to e eye4 ,b x is o!rwise ) ! spiritual leprosy1 s94 ,= a "t x may be disguis$1 a hidd5 fire 9 ! brea/4 ,:5 x is evid5t to o!rs1 too (t5 ! la/ man to p]ceive x is ! (f5d] himself2 & :5 he himself is inw>dly consci\s ( guilt he is tempt$ to we> a cloak ( d5ial be=e ! _w4 ,m especially is ?is ! case ) "o :o has be5 accu/om$ to make a pr(ession ( religion1 & mo/ ( all ) a religi\s lead]4 ,:ile ! publican :o has no "* to su/a9 w smite 8 brea/ ) self-reproa*es & cry = m]cy1 ! pr(essional sa9t is bl9d to 8 own s9s1 p>tly no d\bt because to admit _! exi/5ce w\ld be to %att] 8 pr(ession4 #bee ,lev4 xiii4 #de4 ,b if ! religi\s lead] is sl[ to confess or ev5 p]ceive 8 guilt1 ! _w is ke5 to detect x & swift to ca/ x 9 8 tee?4 ,!re is no?+ t excites s mu* loa?+2 & ju/ly s1 = !re is no?+ t does s mu* h>m4 ,su* conduct is ! *ief provocative ( practical scepticism4 ,x matt]s n t ! logic is uns\nd2 m5 w draw r\gh & ready conclusions4 ,if ! lead]s are corrupt ! ha/y inf]5ce is t ! cause :i* is id5tifi$ ) _! names mu/ also be corrupt4 ,religion suff]s m f ! hypocrisy ( "s ( h] av[$ *ampions ?an f ! attacks ( all ! ho/s ( h] pron\nc$ foes4 ,accord+ly a righte\s indignation assails ^? :o "w su* deadly mis*ief4 ,b less comm5dable motives urge m5 9 ! same direction4 ,evil itself /eals a triumph ov] good 9 ! d[nfall ( its c\nt]feit4 ,if !y knew !mselves !re mu/ h be5 "s hypocrisy on ! side ( ! p]secutors 9 ! demon/rative zeal ) :i* !y h\nd$ to dea? ! once pamp]$ *ildr5 ( =tune ! mom5t !y _h fall5 f ! p$e/al ( respectability2 = c\ld ^! indignant *ampions ( virtue d5y t !y _h be5 will+ accomplices 9 ! de$s !y s l\dly d5\nc$8 or at lea/ t !y _h n be5 reluctant to be pleasantly deceiv$1 _h n enquir$ too nicely into ! cr$5tials ( ! flatt]]s :o _h spok5 smoo? ?+s to !m8 ,consid]+ :at _! own conduct _h be51 _! eag]ness 9 execrat+ ! wick$ness ( _! lead]s 0 almo/ indec5t4 ,!re is a ,pecksniffian air ab\t x4 ,x sugge/s a sly hope t by ?us plac+ !mselves on ! side ( outrag$ virtue !y 7 putt+ _! own *>act]s beyond ! suspicion ( criticism4 ,!y seem to h be5 too eag] to make scapegoats ( _! cl]gy4 ,_! action appe>s to %[ t !y _h "s idea t ev5 at ! elev5? h\r ! city might be sp>$ if x 7 rid ( ?is plague ( ! blood-/a9$ prophets & prie/s4 ,& yet h[ev] v>i\s & que/ionable ! motives ( ! assailants may h be51 !re is no escape f ! conclusion t ! wick$ness !y d5\nc$ s eag]ly ri*ly des]v$ ! mo/ sev]e condemnation4 ,:]ev] we meet ) x1 ?is is ! leprosy ( society4 ,disguis$ = a "t1 a secret cank] 9 ! brea/ ( unsuspect$ m51 x is c]ta9 to break out at l5g?2 & :5 x is discov]$ x m]its a measure ( indignation proportionate to ! previ\s deception4 ,exile is ! doom ( ^! guilty prophets & prie/s4 ,b ev5 9 _! bani%m5t !y c f9d no place ( re/4 ,!y w&] f "o =eign nation to ano!r2 !y are p]mitt$ to /ay ) none ( !m4 ,unlike our ,engli% pret5d]s :o 7 all[$ to take up _! abode among ! enemies ( _! c\ntry1 ^! ,jews 7 suspect$ & dislik$ :]ev] !y w5t4 ,!y _h be5 unfai?ful to ,jehovah2 yet !y c\ld n proclaim !mselves devotees ( ,baal4 ,! hea!n 7 n prep>$ to draw f9e di/9ctions betwe5 ! v>i\s factions 9 ! ,israelite camp4 ,! _w only sc(fs at ! qu>rels ( ! sects4 ,moreov]1 ^! false1 wor?less lead]s _h be5 ! zealots ( national feel+ 9 ! old boa/ful days :5 ,j]emiah _h be5 d5\nc$ by _! p>ty z a traitor4 ,!n !y _h be5 ! mo/ exclusive ( ! ,jews4 ,z !y _h made _! b$ s mu/ !y lie on x4 ,! poet sugge/s no t]m to ?is melan*oly fate4 ,p]haps :ile he 0 writ+ 8 elegy ! wret*$ m5 7 to 8 own k /ill j\rney+ we>ily f place to place4 ,?us l ! fratricide ,ca91 l ! w&]+ ,jew ( m$ival leg5d1 ! fall5 lead]s ( ! religion ( ,israel f9d _! puni%m5t 9 a doom ( p]petual homelessness4 ,is x too sev]e a p5alty = ! fatal deceit t wr\ght dea?1 & s 0 equival5t to murd] ( ! wor/ sort1 cold-blood$1 delib]ate murd]8 ,!re is a p]fectly ,dantesque appropriat5ess 9 x4 ,! ,inf]no ( ! popul>ity-mong]s is a homeless des]t ( unpopul>ity4 ,quiet1 retir+ s\ls & dreamy lov]s ( nature might d]ive re/ & refre%m5t f a h]mit life 9 ! wild]ness4 ,n s ^! slaves ( society4 ,depriv$ ( ! support ( _! surr\nd+ elem5t--l jelly-fi% flung on to ! bea* to %rivel up & p]i%--9 bani%m5t f city life su* m5 mu/ exp]i5ce a total collapse4 ,j 9 proportion to ! holl[ness & unreality ) :i* a man has made ! pursuit ( ! _w's applause ! *ief object ( 8 life1 is ! dismal fate he w h to endure :51 hav+ s[n ! w9d ( vanity1 he reaps ! :irlw9d ( indignation4 ,! ill-w ( 8 fell[-m5 is h>d to be>2 b beh9d x is ! f> m t]rible wra? ( ,god1 ^: judgm5t ! mis]able "t-s]v] has totally ignor$ :ile s$ul\sly cultivat+ ! fav\r ( ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,va9 ,,hopes iv4 #ag-bj ,! fir/ "p ( ! f\r? elegy 0 specially conc]n$ ) ! fate ( ! gild$ y\? ( ,j]usalem2 ! second & closely p>allel "p ) t ( ! pr9ces2 ! ?ird introduc$ u to ! dramatic sc5e 9 :i* ! fall5 prie/s & prophets 7 portray$2 n[ 9 ! f\r? "p ( ! elegy ! k+ & 8 c\rti]s are ! prom95t figures4 ,:ile all ! re/ ( ! poem is writt5 9 ! ?ird p]son1 ?is %ort section is compos$ 9 ! fir/ p]son plural4 ,! arrangem5t is n exactly l t ( ! ?ird elegy1 9 :i*1 aft] speak+ 9 8 own p]son1 ! poet appe>s z ! repres5tative & spokesman ( 8 p4 ,! m simple =m ( ! composition n[ "u consid]ation w\ld lead u to suppose t ! pron\n we comes 9 = ! mo/ natural reason--viz41 because ! writ] 0 himself an actor 9 ! sc5e :i* he "h describes4 ,we mu/ conclude1 !n1 t he 0 "o ( ! gr\p ( ,z$ekiah's p]sonal att5dants1 or at lea/ a memb] ( a company ( ,jews :i* escap$ at ! "t ( ! royal flight & took ! same road :5 ! citiz5s 7 scatt]$ by ! sack ( ! city4 ,! picture1 h[ev]1 is some:at idealis$4 ,ev5ts t c\ld only h tak5 place 9 succession are describ$ z ?\gh !y 7 all occurr+ 9 ! pres5t4 ,we h fir/ ! anxi\s wat*+ ( ! besieg$ = ! adv5t ( an army ( relief2 !n ! *ase ( _! victims ?r\gh ! /reets by ! invad]s--:i* mu/ h be5 aft] !y _h brok5 into ! city2 next ! flight & pursuit ov] ! m\nta9s2 & la/ly1 ! capture ( ! k+4 ,?is sett+ ( a succession ( ev5ts 9 "o sc5e z ?\gh !y 7 contemporane\s is s f> an imag9>y arrangem5t t we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ a too lit]al int]pretation ( ! details4 ,evid5tly we h "h a poetic picture1 n ! b>e deposition ( a witness4 ,! burd5 ( ! passage is ! griev\s disappo9tm5t ( ! c\rt p>ty at ! failure ( _! fond hopes4 ,b ,j]emiah 0 directly oppos$ to t p>ty1 & ?\gh our au?or 0 n ! great prophet himself we h abundant evid5ce t he 0 a fai?ful disciple :o e*o$ ! v ?\ghts & %>$ ! deepe/ convictions ( 8 ma/]4 ,h[ !n c he n[ appe> z "o ( ! c\rt p>ty8 ,x is j possible t he 0 no fri5d ( ,j]emiah at ! "t he is n[ describ+4 ,he may h be5 conv]t$ subsequ5tly by ! logic ( facts1 or by ! m pot5t influ5ce ( ! discipl9e ( adv]sity1 a possibility :i* w\ld give peculi> significance to ! p]sonal confessions conta9$ 9 ! previ\s elegy1 ) its acc\nt ( ! man :o _h se5 affliction4 ,b ! poetic =m ( ! section deal+ ) ! c\rt1 & ! fact t all x describes is express$ 9 ! pres5t t5se1 prev5t u f press+ ?is conjecture to a def9ite conclusion4 ,x w\ld be en\gh if we c\ld suppose1 z !re is no difficulty 9 do+1 t 9 ! g5]al confusion our poet f\nd himself 9 unexpect$ companion%ip ) ! fly+ c\rt4 ,?us he w\ld witness _! exp]i5ces4 ,we h1 !n1 9 ?is place an expression ( ! attitude ( ! c\rt p>ty 9 ! mid/ ( ! great calamities t h ov]tak5 !m4 ,x is emphatically "o ( pr(\nd disappo9tm5t4 ,^! delud$ p _h be5 sangu9e to ! la/1 & pr\dly sceptical ( dang]1 ) an infatuation almo/ am\nt+ to insanity :i* _h bl9d$ !m to ! palpable lessons ( defeats already endur$--= we mu/ n =get t ,j]usalem _h be5 tak5 twice be=e ?is4 ,naturally _! disappo9tm5t 0 proportionate to _! previ\s elation4 ,! hopes t _h be5 ?us rudely da%$ to ! gr\nd _h be5 bas$ on a feel+ ( ! sacr$ inviolability ( ,j]usalem4 ,?is feel+ _h be5 s$ul\sly nurtur$ by a ba/>d =m ( religion4 ,l ! wor%ip ( ,rome 9 ,virgil's day1 a sort ( cult ( ,j]usalem _h n[ gr[n up4 ,m5 :o _h no fai? 9 ,jehovah put _! tru/ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! />t+-po9t & excuse ( ?is s+ul> cre$ are to be trac$ to ! deep-root$ conviction ( ! ,jews t _! city 0 ! *os5 fav\rite ( ,jehovah1 & t !re=e h] ,god w\ld c]ta9ly protect h]4 ,b ?is idea 0 treat$ mo/ inconsi/5tly :5 p coolly ignor$ ! ,div9e w :ile boldly claim+ ,div9e fav\r4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ev5 t position 0 ab&on$1 & ,j]usalem became practically a feti*4 ,!n1 :ile fai? 9 ! de/9y ( ! city 0 *]i%$ z a sup]/ition1 prophets su* z ,j]emiah1 :o direct$ m5's ?\ghts to ,god1 7 sil5c$ & p]secut$4 ,?is folly ( ! ,jews has its c\nt]p>t 9 ! exaltation ( ! papacy dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,pope claim$ to be seat$ on 8 ?rone by ! au?ority ( ,*ri/2 b ! papacy 0 really put 9 ! place ( ,*ri/4 ,simil>ly p :o tru/ 9 ! ,*ur*1 _! ,city ( ,god1 r ?an 9 h] ,"l1 h fall5 into an error l t ( ! ,jews1 :o put confid5ce 9 _! city r ?an 9 _! ,god4 ,s h ^? :o confide 9 _! own election in/ead ( look+ to ! ,div9e ,sov]eign :o1 !y decl>e1 has nam$ !m 9 ,8 et]nal decrees2 & ^? aga9 :o set reliance on _! religion1 its rites & cre$s2 & la/ly1 ^? :o tru/ 9 _! v fai? z itself a sav+ p[]4 ,9 all ^! cases1 ! city1 ! ,pope1 ! election1 ! ,*ur*1 ! religion1 ! fai? are simply idols1 no m able to protect ! sup]/iti\s p :o put !m 9 ! place ( ,god ?an ! ark t 0 captur$ 9 battle :5 ! ,jews tri$ to use x z a talisman1 or ev5 ! fi%-god ,dagon t lay %att]$ be=e x 9 ! ,phili/9e temple4 ,b n[ we f9d ! old-e/abli%$ fai? 9 ,j]usalem s f> und]m9$ t x has to be supplem5t$ by o!r gr\nds ( hope4 ,9 p>ticul> !re are two ( ^!--! k+ & a =eign ally4 ,! ally is m5tion$ fir/ because ! poet />ts f ! "t :5 m5 /ill hop$ t ! ,egyptians w\ld esp\se ! cause ( ,israel1 & come to ! help ( ! little k+dom aga9/ ! ho/s ( ,babylon4 ,!re 0 mu* to be said 9 fav\r ( ?is expectation4 ,9 ! pa/ ,egypt _h be5 9 alliance ) ! p n[ ?reat5$4 ,! two great k+doms ( ! ,nile & ! ,euphrates 7 rivals2 & ! aggressive policy ( ,babylon _h br\ght h] into conflict ) ,egypt4 ,! ,ph>aohs might be glad to h ,israel pres]v$ z a buff] /ate4 ,inde$1 negotiations _h be5 c>ri$ on ) t end 9 view4 ,nev]!less ! dreams ( deliv]ance built on ?is f\ndation 7 doom$ to disappo9tm5t4 ,! poet %[s u ! anxi\s ,jews on _! city t[]s /ra9+ _! eyes till !y are we>y 9 wat*+ = ! relief t nev] comes4 ,!y c\ld look d[n ?r\gh ! gap 9 ! hills t[>ds ,be?lehem & ! s\? c\ntry1 & ! du/ ( an army w\ld be visible f af> 9 ! cle> ,syrian atmosph]e2 b1 alas6 no di/ant cl\d promises ! approa* ( ! deliv]]4 ,we are rem9d$ ( ! siege ( ,luckn[2 b 9 ! h\r ( ! ,jews' great ne$ !re is no sign correspond+ to ! welcome music ( ! ,scot* air t ravi%$ ! e>s ( ! ,briti% g>rison4 ,fai?ful prophets _h repeat$ly w>n$ ! ,jews aga9/ ?is false gr\nd ( hope4 ,9 a =m] g5]ation ,isaiah _h caution$ 8 contempor>ies n to lean on ?is brok5 re$#bef ,egypt2 & at ! pres5t crisis ,j]emiah _h foll[$ ) simil> advice1 pr$ict+ ! failure ( ! ,egyptian alliance1 & reply+ to ! mess5g]s ( ,z$ekiah :o _h come to solicit ! prophet's pray]s3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ! ,god ( ,israel3 ,?us %all ye say to ! k+ ( ,judah1 t s5t y unto me to enquire ( me2 ,behold1 ,ph>aoh's army1 :i* is come =? to help y1 %all return to ,egypt into _! own l&4 ,& ! ,*aldans %all come aga91 & fight aga9/ ?is city2 & !y %all take x1 & burn x ) fire4#beg ,?\gh reg>d$ at ! "t z unpatriotic & ev5 treasonable1 ?is advice prov$ to be s\nd1 & ! pr$ictions ( ! mess5g] ( ,jehovah correct4 ,n[ t we c read ! ev5ts 9 ! light ( hi/ory we h no difficulty 9 p]ceiv+ t ev5 z a matt] ( /ate policy ! c\nsel ( ,isaiah & ,j]emiah 0 wise & /atesmanlike4 ,babylon 0 q irresi/ible4 ,ev5 ,egypt c\ld n /& aga9/ ! p[]ful empire t 0 mak+ itself ma/] ( ! _w4 ,besides1 alliance ) ,egypt involv$ ! loss ( lib]ty1 = x _h to be paid =1 & ! weak ally ( a great k+dom 0 no bett] ?an a tribut>y /ate4 ,mean:ile ,israel 0 embroil$ 9 qu>rels f :i* %e %\ld h tri$1 z f> z possible1 to keep h]self alo(4 #bef ,isa4 xxxvi4 #f4 #beg ,j]4 xxxvii4 #g1 #h4 ,b ! prophets %ew$ t deep] que/ions ?an su* z conc]n political diplomacy 7 at /ake4 ,9 happi] days ! arm ( ,provid5ce _h be5 laid b>e1 & ,j]usalem sav$ )\t a bl[1 :5 ! de/roy+ angel ( pe/il5ce swept ?r\gh ! ,assyrian ho/4 ,x is true ,j]usalem _h to submit soon aft] ?is2 b ! lesson 0 be+ taught t h] safety really consi/$ 9 submission4 ,?is 0 ! k]nel ( ,j]emiah's unpopul> message4 ,hi/orically & politically t too 0 ju/ifi$4 ,x 0 useless to attempt to /em ! tide ( "o ( ! awful m>*es ( a _w-conqu]+ army4 ,only ! ob/9acy ( a fanatical patriotism c\ld h l$ ! ,jews ( ?is p]iod to hold out s long aga9/ ! might ( ,babylon1 j z ! v same ob/9acy enc\rag$ _! mad desc5dants 9 ! days ( ,titus to resi/ ! arms ( ,rome4 ,b !n ! prophets 7 con/antly prea*+ to he$less e>s t !re 0 real safety 9 submission1 t a humble measure ( escape 0 to be _h by simply comply+ ) ! dem&s ( ! irresi/ible conqu]ors4 ,pr\d patriots might despise ?is consolation1 pref]r+ to die fight+4 ,b t 0 sc>cely ! case ) ! fugitives2 ^! p _h nei!r ! relief t is ! rew>d ( a quiet surr5d]1 nor ! glory t accompanies dea? on ! battle-field4 ,to ^? :o c\ld he> ! deep] notes ( prophetic tea*+ ! safety ( surr5d] meant a mu* m valuable boon4 ,! submission recomm5d$ 0 n m]ely to be direct$ to ,k+ ,nebu*adnezz>2 prim>ily x consi/$ 9 yield+ to ! w ( ,god4 ,p :o w n turn to ?is "o true refuge f all dang] & tr\ble are tempt$ to sub/itute a v>iety ( va9 hopes4 ,mo/ ( u h our ,egypt to :i* we look :5 ! vision ( ,god has become dim 9 ! s\l4 ,! worldly cynicism t e*oes & degrades ! words ( ! ,prea*]1 ,vanity ( vanities2 all is vanity1 is really ! product ( ! decay ( dead hopes4 ,x w\ld n be s s\r if x _h n be5 disappo9t$4 ,yet s p]si/5t is ! habit ( ca/le-build+1 t ! cl\dl& 9 :i* _m previ\s /ructures ( fancy h melt$ away is resort$ to aga9 & aga9 by an eag] ?rong ( fre% a]ial ar*itects4 ,aft] exp]i5ce has confirm$ ! w>n+ t ri*es take to !mselves w+s & flee away1 & 9 face ( our ,"l's advice n to lay up treasures :]e ?ieves break ?r\gh & /eal1 & :]e mo? & ru/ consume1 we see m5 z eag] z ev] to scrape weal? toge!r1 z ready to put all _! tru/ 9 x :5 x has come to !m1 z a/oni%$ & dismay$ :5 x has fail$ !m4 ,ambition 0 long ago prov$ to be a frail bubble2 yet ambition nev] wants = slaves4 ,! cup ( pleasure has be5 dra9$ s (t5 t ! _w %\ld "k by ?is "t h[ v nause\s its dregs are2 & /ill fev]i% h&s are held out to grasp x4 ,n[ ?is ob/9ate disreg>d ( ! repeat$ lessons ( exp]i5ce is too rem>kable a habit ( life to be reckon$ z a m]e accid5t4 ,!re mu/ be "s adequate causes to acc\nt = x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x te/ifies ) s+ul> =ce to ! vitality ( :at we may call ! faculty ( hope itself4 ,disappo9tm5t does n kill ! t5d5cy to rea* =? to ! future1 because ?is t5d5cy comes f )91 & is n a m]e response to impressions4 ,9 p]sons ( a sangu9e temp]am5t ?is may be tak5 to be a con/itutional peculi>ity2 b x is too widespread to be dispos$ ( z no?+ m ?an a freak ( nature4 ,x is r to be consid]$ an in/9ct1 & z su* a "p ( ! orig9al con/itution ( man4 ,h[ !n has x come to be8 ,mu/ we n attribute ! native hopefulness ( mank9d to ! delib]ate w & purpose ( ! ,creator8 ,b 9 t case mu/ we n say ( ?is1 z we c say ) c]ta9ty ( mo/ natural in/9cts3 ,he :o has giv5 ! hung] w also supply ! food ) :i* to satisfy x8 ,to reject t conclusion is to l& ourselves 9 a =m ( pessimism t is next door to a!ism4 ,s*op5hau] re/s ! argum5t by means ( :i* he ?9ks to e/abli% a pessimi/ic view ( ! univ]se l>gely on ! delusiv5ess ( natural in/9cts :i* promise a satisfaction nev] atta9$2 b 9 reason+ 9 ?is way he is compell$ to describe ! supreme ,w t he believes to be ! ultimate pr9ciple ( all ?+s z a non-moral p[]4 ,! mock]y ( human exi/5ce to :i* 8 philosophy r$uces u is impossible 9 view ( ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god reveal$ to u 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,%elley1 contra/+ our fe>s & disappo9tm5ts ) ! cle> ke5 joyance ( ! skyl>k1 bewails ! fact t ,we look be=e & aft]1 ,& p9e = :at is n4 ,if ?is is ! end ( ! matt]1 evolution is a mock+ progress1 = x leads to ! pit ( despair4 ,if ! l>ge vision t takes 9 pa/ & future only br+s sorr[1 x w\ld h be5 bett] = u to h reta9$ ! limit$ range ( animal p]ceptions4 ,b fai? sees 9 ! v exp]i5ce ( disappo9tm5t a gr\nd = fre% hope4 ,! discov]y t ! height already atta9$ is n ! summit ( ! m\nta91 al?\gh x appe>$ to be :5 view$ f ! pla91 is a pro( t ! summit is high] ?an we _h suppos$4 ,mean:ile1 ! awak5+ ( desires = fur!r climb+ is a sign t ! disappo9tm5ts we h exp]i5c$ hi!rto are n occasions = despair4 ,if1 z ,%elley goes on to say-- ,our sweete/ songs are ^? t tell ( sadde/ ?\ght1 ! sadness _c be )\t mitigation1 = !re mu/ be an elem5t ( sweetness 9 x f ! fir/2 & if s ?is mu/ po9t to a future :5 ?is sadness itself %all pass away4 ,! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews argues on ^! l9es :5 he draws ! conclusion f ! repeat$ disappo9tm5ts ( ! hopes ( ,israel 9 conjunction ) ! repeat$ promises ( ,god t !re rema9e? !re=e a re/ = ! p ( ,god4#beh ,in/9cts are ,god's promises writt5 9 ! ,book ( ,nature4 ,see+ t our deepe/ in/9cts are n satisfi$ by any ( ! common exp]i5ces ( life1 !y mu/ po9t to "s high] satisfaction4 #beh ,heb4 iv4 #i4 ,"h we are br\ght to ! explanation ( ! disappo9tm5t itself4 ,we mu/ confess1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 t x arises f ! p]v]se habit ( look+ = satisfaction 9 objects t are too l[1 objects t are unwor?y ( human nature4 ,?is is "o ( ! /ronge/ evid5ces ( a fall4 ,! m m9d & he>t are corrupt$ by s9 ! m w hope be dragg$ d[n to inf]ior ?+s4 ,b ! /ory does n end at ?is po9t4 ,god is educat+ u ?r\gh illusions4 ,if all our aspirations 7 fulfill$ on e>? we %\ld cease to hope = :at 0 high] ?an e>?4 ,hope is purg$ & elevat$ by ! discov]y ( ! vanity ( its pursuits4 ,^! consid]ations w be confirm$ :5 we foll[ ! elegi/ 9 8 treatm5t ( ! disappo9tm5t ( ! second gr\nd ( hope1 t :i* 0 f\nd 9 ! royali/'s confid5ce 9 8 sov]eign4 ,! poetic acc\nt ( ! ev5ts :i* end$ 9 ! capture ( ,z$ekiah seems to consi/ 9 a bl5d+ ( metaphor ) hi/ory4 ,! image ( ! *ase und]lies ! :ole description4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t ) ! n>r[ness ( ea/]n /reets & ! simplicity ( ! weapons ( anci5t w>f>e1 x w\ld be impossible = ! ,*aldans to pick out _! victims & %oot !m d[n f outside ! walls4 ,b :5 !y _h effect$ an entrance !y w\ld n simply make ! /reets dang]\s1 = !n !y w\ld be break+ into ! h\ses :]e ! p are "h suppos$ to be hid+4 ,! language seems m fit = ! description ( a faction fight1 su* z (t5 occurr$ 9 ,p>is at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ?an an acc\nt ( ! sack ( a city by a =eign enemy4 ,b ! hunt+ image is 9 ! poet's m9d1 & ! :ole picture is col\r$ by x4 ,aft] ! siege ! fugitives are pursu$ ov] ! m\nta9s4 ,tak+ ! r\te across ! ,m\nt ( ,olives & s d[n to ! ,jordan1 t :i* ,david _h foll[$ 9 8 flight f ,absalom1 !y w\ld soon f9d !mselves 9 a difficult wild]ness c\ntry4 ,!y _h despair$ ( _! lives 9 ! city1 exclaim+3 ,our end is ne>1 our days are fulfill$2 = our end is come4#bei ,n[ !y are 9 sore extremities4 ,! swift pursuit sugge/s ,j]emiah's image ( ! eagles on ! w+ ov]tak+ _! qu>ry4 ,behold1 he %all come up z cl\ds1 said ! prophet1 & 8 *>iots %all be z ! :irlw9d2 8 horses are swift] ?an eagles4#bfj ,!re 0 no possibility ( escape f su* p]si/5t foes4 ,at ! same "t1 ambuscades 7 9 wait+ among ! _m caves t honeycomb ^! lime/one m\nta9s--9 ! di/rict :]e ! travell] 9 ! p>able ( ,! good ,sam>itan fell among ?ieves4 ,! k+ himself 0 tak5 l a hunt$ animal caught 9 a trap1 ?\gh1 z we le>n f ! hi/ory1 n till he _h rea*$ ,j]i*o4#bfa #bei iv4 #ah4 #bfj ,j]4 iv4 #ac #bfa #b ,k+s xxv4 #d1 #e2 ,j]4 xxxix4 #d1 #e4 ,! language 9 :i* ,z$ekiah is describ$ is s+ul>ly /rong4 ,he is ! brea? ( our no/rils1 ! ano9t$ ( ! ,"l4 ,! hope ( ! fugitives _h be5 to live "u 8 %ad[ among ! nations4#bfb ,x is />tl+ to f9d su* words appli$ to s weak & wor?less a rul]4 ,x _c be ! expression ( sycophancy2 = ! k+ & 8 k+dom _h disappe>$ be=e ! elegy 0 writt54 ,z$ekiah 0 n s bad z "s ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,l ,l\is ,,xvi41 he reap$ ! long accumulat+ retribution ( ! s9s ( 8 ance/ors4 ,yet aft] mak+ due all[ance = ! exub]ance ( ! ,ori5tal /yle1 we mu/ feel t ! language is out ( proportion to ! possibilities ( ! mo/ c\rtly devotion ( ! "t4 ,evid5tly ! k+ly idea means m ?an ! prosaic p]sonality ( any p>ticul> mon>*4 ,! romantic en?usiasm ( ,cavali]s & ,nonjurors = ! ,/u>ts 0 n to be acc\nt$ = by ! m]its & attractions ( ! v>i\s successive sov]eigns & pret5d]s t[>ds :om x 0 direct$4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e "r ( k+s is always associat$ ) vague ?\ghts ( p[] & glory t are nev] realis$ 9 hi/ory4 ,?is is mo/ /rik+ly evid5t 9 ! ,hebrew conception ( ! /atus & de/9y ( ! l9e ( ,david4 ,b 9 t "o supreme case ( devotion to royalty ! dream ( ! ages ultimately came to be fulfill$1 & m ?an fulfill$1 ?\gh 9 a v diff]5t mann] f ! anticipation ( ! ,jews4 ,!re is some?+ pa!tic 9 ! la/ %r$ ( hope to :i* ! fugitives 7 cl++4 ,!y _h lo/ _! homes1 _! city1 _! l&2 yet ev5 9 exile !y clung to ! idea t !y might keep toge!r "u ! protection ( _! fall5 k+4 ,x 0 a delusion4 ,b ! /range fai? 9 ! de/9y ( ! ,davidic l9e t "h passes into fanaticism is ! se$-b$ ( ! ,messianic ideas :i* con/itute ! mo/ wond]ful "p ( ,old ,te/am5t prophecy4 ,by a bl9d b div9ely guid$ in/9ct ! ,jews 7 l$ to look ?r\gh ! failure ( _! hopes on to ! appo9t$ "t :5 ,"o %\ld come :o only c\ld give !m satisfaction4 #bfb iv4 #bj4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,! ,,debt ,,( ,,guilt ,,ext+ui%$ iv4 #ba1 #bb ,"o aft] ano!r ! va9 hopes ( ! ,jews melt 9 mi/s ( sorr[4 ,b j z ! la/ ( ^! flick]+ lights is disappe>+ a gleam ( consolation breaks out f ano!r qu>t]1 l ! pale yell[ /reak t may sometimes be se5 l[ on ! we/]n sky ( a /ormy day j be=e nightfall1 indicat+ t ! sett+ sun is beh9d ! cl\ds1 al?\gh its dy+ rays are too feeble to p5etrate !m4 ,hope is sc>cely ! ^w = s fa9t a sign ( com=t z ?is melan*oly f\r? elegy af=ds 9 lift+ ! curta9 ( gloom = "o brief mom5t2 b ! b>e1 negative relief :i* ! prospect ( an end to ! accumulation ( new calamities (f]s is a welcome *ange 9 itself1 besides be+ a h9t t ! tide may be on ! turn4 ,x is q *>act]i/ic ( our poet's sombre tones t ev5 9 an attempt to t\* on bright] ideas ?an usually occupy 8 ?\ghts1 he %\ld illu/rate ! improv+ prospects ( ,israel by sett+ !m 9 contra/ to a s>donic description ( ! fate ( ,edom4 ,?is neighb\r+ nation is address$ 9 ! "t ( h] elation ov] ! fall ( ,j]usalem4 ,! ext5sion ( h] t]ritory to ! l& ( ,uz 9 ,arabia--,job's c\ntry--is m5tion$ to %[ t %e is 9 a position ( exceptional prosp]ity4 ,! poet mock+ly enc\rages ! jeal\s p to rejoice & be glad at ! fate ( _! rival4 ,! irony ( 8 language is evid5t f ! fact t he imm$iately proce$s to pron\nce ! doom ( ,edom4 ,! cup ( ,god's wra? t ,israel has be5 made to dr9k %all pass to h] also2 & %e %all dr9k deeply ( x till %e is intoxicat$ &1 l ,noah1 makes h]self an object ( %ame4 ,?us w ,god visit ! daught] ( ,edom ) ! puni%m5t ( h] s9s4 ,! writ] says t ,god w discov] !m4 ,he does n mean by ?is phrase t ,god w f9d !m out4 ,!y 7 nev] hidd5 f ,god2 !re are no discov]ies = ,him to make conc]n+ any ( u1 because ,he kn[s all ab\t u e mom5t ( our lives4 ,! phrase /&s 9 opposition to ! common ,hebrew expression = ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,:5 s9s are =giv5 !y are said to be cov]$2 !re=e :5 !y are said to be uncov]$ x is z ?\gh we 7 told t ,god does ! rev]se ( =giv+ !m--/rips !m ( e rag ( apology1 lays !m b>e4 ,t is _! condemnation4 ,no?+ is m ugly ?an a nak$ s94 ,! selection ( ?is "o neighb\r ( ! ,jews = special att5tion is acc\nt$ = by :at contempor>y prophets tell u conc]n+ ! behavi\r ( ! ,edomites :5 ,j]usalem fell4 ,!y flew l vultures to a c>cass4 ,ezekiel writes3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,because t ,edom ha? dealt aga9/ ! h\se ( ,judah by tak+ v5geance1 & ha? greatly (f5d$1 & rev5g$ himself ^u !m2 !re=e ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ,i w /ret* out ,m9e h& ^u ,edom1 & w cut (f man & bea/ f x1 & ,i w make x desolate f ,teman2 ev5 unto ,d$an %all !y fall by ! sword4 ,& ,i w lay ,my v5geance ^u ,edom by ! h& ( ,my p ,israel1 & !y %all d 9 ,edom accord+ to ,m9e ang] & accord+ to ,my fury1 & !y %all "k ,my v5geance1 sai? ! ,"l ,god4#bfc ,isaiah xxxiv4 is devot$ to a vivid description ( ! com+ puni%m5t ( ,edom4 ,?is race ( r\gh m\nta9e]s _h seldom be5 on fri5dly t]ms ) _! ,hebrew neighb\rs4 ,nations l individuals1 d n always f9d x easy to avoid qu>rels ) ^? :o are close/ to !m4 ,nei!r blood relation%ip nor comm]ce prev5ts ! outbreak ( ho/ilities 9 a situation t gives _m occasions = mutual jeal\sy4 ,= c5turies ,france & ,engl&1 :i* %\ld be ! be/ fri5ds ( proximity g5]at$ fri5d%ip1 reg>d$ "o ano!r z natural enemies4 ,g]many is ev5 a ne>] neighb\r to ,france ?an ,engl& is1 & ! fronti]s ( ! two great nations are /udd$ ) =ts4 ,x does n appe> t ! ext5sion ( ! means ( communication among ! diff]5t c\ntries is likely to close ! doors ( ! temple ( ,janus4 ,! greate/ problem ( sociology is to discov] ! secret ( liv+ 9 cr[d$ communities among a v>iety ( conflict+ int]e/s )\t any inju/ice1 or any friction aris+ f ! juxtaposition ( diff]5t classes4 ,x is f> easi] to keep ! peace among backwoodsm5 :o live fifty miles ap>t 9 lonely =e/s4 ,!re=e x is n a surpris+ ?+ t !re 7 bitt] feuds betwe5 ,israel & ,edom4 ,b at ! "t ( ! ,babylonian invasion ^! _h tak5 a peculi>ly odi\s turn on ! side ( ! s\!rn p1 "o t 0 d\bly (f5sive4 ,! v>i\s tribes :om ! huge ,babylonian empire 0 swall[+ up ) insatiable gre$ %\ld h =gott5 _! mutual diff]5ces 9 face ( _! common dang]4 ,besides1 x 0 a c[>dly ?+ = ,edom to foll[ ! example ( ! ,b$\9 robb]s1 :o hov]$ on ! re> ( ! great armies ( conque/ l scav5g]s4 ,to settle old debts by wreak+ v5geance on a fall5 rival 9 ! h\r ( h] humiliation 0 n ! way to w9 ! hon\rs ( w>4 ,ev5 to a calm /ud5t ( hi/ory 9 lat] ages ?is long-pa/ ev5t %ews an ugly aspect4 ,h[ madd5+ mu/ x h be5 to ! victims6 ,accord+ly we are n a/oni%$ to see t ! doom ( ! ,edomites is pron\nc$ by ,hebrew prophets ) undisguis$ satisfaction4 ,! pr\d inhabitants ( ! rock cities1 ! wond]ful rema9s ( :i* amaze ! travell] 9 ! pres5t day1 _h e>n$ ! sev]e humiliation s exult+ly describ$4 #bfc ,ezek4 xxv4 #ab-ad4 ,9 all ?is x is v pla9 t ! au?or ( ! ,lam5tations1 l ! ,hebrew prophets g5]ally1 _h an unhesitat+ belief 9 a supremacy ( ,god ov] =eign nations t 0 q z effective z ,8 supremacy ov] ,israel4 ,on ! o!r h&1 iniquity is ascrib$ to ,israel 9 exactly ! same t]ms t are appli$ to =eign nations4 ,jehovah is n imag9$ to be a m]e tribal div9ity l ! ,moabite ,*emo%2 & ! ,jews are n held to be s mu* ,8 fav\rites t ! treatm5t measur$ out to !m 9 puni%m5t ( s9 is ess5tially diff]5t f t accord$ to _! neighb\rs4 ,to ,israel1 h[ev]1 ! doom ( ,edom is a sign ( ! return ( m]cy4 ,x is n m]ely t ! passion ( rev5ge is !reby satisfi$--a poor consolation1 ev5 if all[able4 ,b 9 ! ov]?r[ ( _! mo/ annoy+ torm5tor ! oppress$ p are at once lib]at$ f a v appreciable "p ( _! tr\bles4 ,at ! same "t1 !y see 9 ?is ev5t a cle> sign t !y are n select$ = a solit>y example ( ! v5geance ( heav5 aga9/ s92 t w\ld h be5 inde$ a h>d de/9y4 ,b above all1 ?is occurr5ce af=ds a reassur+ sign t ,god :o is ?us puni%+ _! enemies is end+ ! sev]e discipl9e ( ! ,jews4 ,9 ! v middle ( ! description ( ! com+ doom ( ,edom we meet ) an ann\ncem5t ( ! conclusion ( ! long p5ance ( ,israel4 ,?is s+ul> arrangem5t _c be accid5tal2 nor c x h be5 resort$ to only to obta9 ! acc5tuation ( contra/ :i* we h se5 is highly valu$ by ! elegi/4 ,s9ce x is :ile contemplat+ ! ,div9e treatm5t ( ! mo/ spiteful ( ! enemies ( ,israel t we are l$ to see ! t]m9ation ( ! *a/isem5t ( ! ,jews1 we may inf] t possibly ! process 9 ! m9d ( ! poet took ! same c\rse4 ,if s1 ! g5esis ( prophecy :i* is usually hidd5 f view "h seems to come ne>] ! surface4 ,! language 9 :i* ! improv+ prospect ( ! ,jews is ann\nc$ is some:at obscure2 b ! drift ( its mean+ is n difficult to trace4 ,! ^w r5d]$ puni%m5t ( iniquity 9 our ,engli% v]sions--,revis$ z well z ,au?oris$--at ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5ty-second v]se1 is "o :i* 9 its orig9al s5se means simply iniquity2 & 9 fact x is s translat$ fur!r d[n 9 ! same v]se1 :]e x occurs a second "t1 & :]e ! p>allel ^w s9s seems to settle ! mean+4 ,b if x has ?is mean+ :5 appli$ to ,edom 9 ! lat] "p ( ! v]se is x n reasonable to suppose t x mu/ also h x :5 appli$ to ! daught] ( ,zion 9 an imm$iately prec$+ clause8 ,! ,septuag9t & ,vulgate ,v]sions give x z iniquity 9 bo? cases4 ,& s does a sugge/ion 9 ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,b if we accept ?is r5d]+1 :i* comm5ds itself to u z v]bally mo/ correct1 we _c reconcile x ) ! evid5t int5tion ( ! writ]4 ,! promise t ,god w no m c>ry ,8 p away into captivity1 :i* foll[s z an e*o ( ! op5+ ?\ght ( ! v]se1 c]ta9ly po9ts to a cessation ( puni%m5t4 ,!n ! v idea t ! iniquity ( ! ,jews is accompli%$ is q out ( place "h4 ,:at c\ld we take x to mean8 ,to say t ! ,jews _h s9n$ to ! full1 _h c>ri$ out all _! evil int5tions1 _h put no re/ra9t on _! wick$ness1 is to give a v]dict :i* %\ld c>ry ! heavie/ condemnation2 x w\ld be absurd to br+ ?is =w>d z an introduction to a promise ( a reprieve4 ,x w\ld be less incongru\s to suppose ! phrase to mean1 z is sugge/$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 t ! s9 has come to an end1 has ceas$4 ,t might be tak5 z a gr\nd = ! puni%m5t to be /ay$ also4 ,b x w\ld introduce a ref9em5t ( !ology out ( keep+ ) ! extreme simplicity ( ! ideas ( ^! elegies4 ,moreov]1 9 ano!r place1 z we h se5 already1#bfd ! ^w s9s seems to be us$ = ! puni%m5t ( s9s4#bfe ,we h also met ) ! idea ( ! fulfilm5t1 lit]ally ! f9i%+1 ( ,god's ^w ( w>n+1 ) ! necess>y sugge/ion t !re is to be no m infliction ( ! evil ?reat5$4#bff ,!re=e1 if x 7 n = ! reappe>ance ( ! ^w 9 dispute :]e ! prim>y mean+ ( x seems to be necessitat$ by ! context1 we %\ld h no hesitation 9 tak+ x "h 9 its second>y s5se1 z ! puni%m5t ( iniquity4 ,! ,g]man ^w s*uld1 ) its d\ble signification--debt & guilt--has be5 sugge/$ z a happy r5d]+ ( ! ,hebrew orig9al 9 bo? places2 & p]haps ?is is ! be/ t c be propos$4 ,! debt ( ! ,jews is paid2 t ( ! ,edomites has yet to be exact$4 #bfd ,page #bfi4 #bfe iii4 #ci4 #bff ii4 #ag4 ,we are br\ght !n to ! conclusion t ! elegi/ "h ann\nces ! ext9ction ( ! ,jews' debt ( guilt4 ,accord+ly !y are told t ,god w no m c>ry !m away into captivity4 ,?is promise has occasion$ mu* p]plexity to p conc]n$ = ! lit]al exactness ( ,scripture4 ,"s h tri$ to get x appli$ to ! "t subsequ5t to ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ! ,romans1 aft] :i*1 x is said1 ! ,jews 7 nev] aga9 remov$ f _! l&4 ,t is ab\t ! mo/ extravagant in/ance ( all ! subt]fuges to :i* lit]ali/s are driv5 :5 9 a sore /rait to save _! !ory4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,jews h n be5 exil$ aga9--n s9ce ! la/ "t4 ,!y c\ld n be c>ri$ away f _! l& once m1 = ! simple reason t !y h nev] be5 re/or$ to x4 ,/rictly speak+1 x may be said inde$1 some?+ ( ! k9d occurr$ on ! suppression ( ! revolt "u ,b>-co*ba 9 ! second c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,b all !ories ap>t1 x is contr>y to ! discov]$ facts ( prophecy to ascribe to ! inspir$ mess5g]s ( ,god ! purpose ( supply+ exact pr$ictions conc]n+ ! ev5ts ( hi/ory 9 f>-di/ant ages4 ,_! imm$iate message 0 = _! own day1 al?\gh we h f\nd t ! lessons x conta9s are suitable = all times4 ,:at consolation w\ld x be = ! fugitives f ! ravag+ ho/s ( ,nebu*adnezz> to "k t six hundr$ ye>s lat] an end w\ld come to ! successive acts ( conqu]ors 9 driv+ ! ,jews f ,j]usalem1 ev5 if !y 7 n told t ?is w\ld be because at t f>-(f "t !re w\ld comm5ce "o long exile la/+ = two ?\s& ye>s8 ,b if ! words ( ! elegi/ are = imm$iate use z a consolation to 8 contempor>ies1 x is unreasonable to press _! negative /atem5t 9 an absolute s5se1 s z to make x s]ve z a pr$iction conc]n+ all future ages4 ,x is en\gh = ^! suff]]s to le>n t ! la/ ( ! s]ies ( successive bani%m5ts ( ,jews f _! l& by ! ,babylonian gov]nm5t has at l5g? tak5 place4 ,b ) ?is in=mation !re comes a deep] tru?4 ,! debt is paid4 ,yet ?is is only at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,captivity4 ,two g5]ations mu/ live 9 exile be=e ! re/oration w be possible4 ,!re is no ref]5ce to t ev5t1 :i* did n take place till ! ,babylonian p[] _h be5 utt]ly de/roy$ by ,cyrus4 ,/ill ! deliv]ance into exile foll[+ ! t]rible suff]+s ( ! siege & ! subsequ5t flight is tak5 z ! f9al act 9 ! drama ( doom4 ,! long ye>s ( ! captivity1 ?\gh !y con/itut$ an invaluable p]iod ( discipl9e1 did n br+ any fre% k9d ( puni%m5t at all comp>able ) ! *a/isem5ts already inflict$4 ,?us we are br\ght face to face ) ! "q ( ! satisfaction ( puni%m5t4 ,we h no "r to look to a s+le l9e ( a poem = a f9al settlem5t ( ! ab/ract problem itself4 ,:e!r1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e ma9ta9$1 e s9 is ( inf9ite guilt because x is an (f5ce aga9/ an inf9ite ,be+2 :e!r1 !re=e1 x w\ld take et]nity to pay ! debts contract$ dur+ "o %ort life on e>?1 & o!r que/ions ( ! same "*1 _c be answ]$ "o way or ! o!r f ! words be=e u4 ,/ill !re are c]ta9 aspects ( ! problem ( human guilt to :i* our att5tion is "h drawn4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ make a di/9ction betwe5 ! national puni%m5t ( national wick$ness & ! p]sonal consequ5ces ( p]sonal wrongdo+4 ,! nation only exi/s on e>?1 & x c only be puni%$ on e>?4 ,!n ! nation outla/s g5]ations ( individual lives1 & s rema9s on e>? long en\gh = ! h>ve/ ( its actions to be reap$4 ,?us national guilt may be wip$ out :ile ! sep>ate acc\nts ( individual m5 & wom5 /ill rema9 unsettl$4 ,next we mu/ rememb] t ! exaction ( ! utt]mo/ f>?+ is n ! supreme end ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,to sugge/ any su* idea is to assimilate ?is p]fect gov]nm5t to t ( corrupt ,ori5tal mon>*ies1 ! *ief object ( :i* 9 deal+ ) _! prov9ces seems to h be5 to dra9 !m ( tribute4 ,! paym5t ( ! debt ( guilt 9 puni%m5t1 ?\gh j & necess>y1 _c be a matt] ( any satisfaction to ,god4 ,aga91 :51 z 9 ! case n[ be=e u1 ! puni%m5t ( s9 is a *a/isem5t = ! re=mation ( ! corrupt nation on :om x is inflict$1 x may n be necess>y to make x exactly equival5t to ! guilt = :i* x is ! rem$y r ?an ! paym5t4 ,la/ly1 ev5 :5 we ?9k ( ! puni%m5t z direct retribution1 we _c say :at means ,god may provide = ! satisfaction ( ! due claims ( ju/ice4 ,! second ,isaiah saw 9 ! mis]ies inflict$ ^u ! innoc5t at ?is v "t1 a vic>i\s suff]+ by ! endurance ( :i* p>don 0 ext5d$ to ! guilty2#bfg & f ! days ( ! ,apo/les1 ,*ri/ians h recognis$ 9 8 language on ?is subject ! mo/ /rik+ prophecy ! ,bible conta9s conc]n+ ! atonem5t wr\ght by our ,"l 9 ,8 suff]+s & dea?4 ,:5 we put all ^! consid]ations toge!r1 & also call to our assi/ance ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*+s ab\t ! "* ( ,god & ! object ( ! "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 we %all see t !re are v>i\s possibilities ly+ beh9d ! ?\ght ( ! end ( *a/isem5t :i* no b>e /atem5t ( ! ab/ract relations ( s91 guilt1 & doom w\ld indicate4 #bfg ,isa4 liii4 #d-f4 ,x may be object$ t all su* ideas z ^? j express$ t5d to g5]ate sup]ficial views ( s94 ,possibly !y may be employ$ s z to enc\rage ?is t5d5cy4 ,b if s1 x w only be by mis9t]pret+ & abus+ !m4 ,c]ta9ly ! elegi/ does n belittle ! rig\r ( ! ,div9e *a/isem5t4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! phrase :i* gives rise to ^! ideas conc]n+ ! debt ( guilt occurs 9 ! doleful ,book ( ,lam5tations1 & at ! close ( an elegy t bewails ! awful fate ( ,j]usalem 9 ! /ronge/ language4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact x is n ! sev]ity ( puni%m5t1 beyond a c]ta9 degree1 b ! c]ta9ty ( x t mo/ affects ! m9d :5 contemplat+ ! prospect ( doom4 ,n only does ! imag9ation fail to grasp t :i* is immeasurably va/ 9 ! pictures pres5t$ to x1 b ev5 ! reason rises 9 revolt & que/ions ! possibility ( su* torm5ts1 or ! consci5ce v5tures to prote/ aga9/ :at appe>s to be unju/4 ,9 any ( ^! cases ! effect ( ! m5ace is neutralis$ by its v extravagance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ ab\t ! goodness ( ,god t leads u to rep5tance4#bfh ,?us we und]/& h[ x c be said t ,*ri/--:o is ! mo/ p]fect revelation ( ,god's goodness--0 rais$ up to give rep5tance to ,israel z well z remission ( s9s4#bfi ,x is at ,calv>y1 n at ,s9ai1 t s9 looks mo/ black4 ,:5 a man sees 8 guilt 9 ! light ( 8 ,savi\r's love he is 9 no mood to apologise = x or to m9imise 8 ill des]t4 ,if he !n contemplates ! prospect ( ! full paym5t ( ! debt x is ) a feel+ ( ! impossibility ( ev] a*iev+ s /up5d\s a task4 ,! puni%m5t f :i* he w\ld revolt z an inju/ice if x 7 held ov] him 9 a ?reat n[ pres5ts itself to him ( its own accord z some?+ q "r & reasonable4 ,he _c f9d words /rong en\gh to *>act]ise 8 guilt1 z he lies at ! foot ( ! cross 9 absolute self-abasem5t4 ,!re is no occasion to fe> t su* a man w become c>eless ab\t s9 if he is com=t$ by a vision ( hope4 ,?is is j :at he ne$s to enable him to rise up & accept ! =giv5ess 9 ! /r5g? ( :i* he may beg9 ! toilsome asc5t t[>ds a bett] life4 #bfh ,rom4 ii4 #d4 #bfi ,acts v4 #ca4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,an ,,appeal ,,= ,,god',s ,,compassion v4 #a-aj ,unlike its pr$ecessors1 ! fif? & la/ elegy is n an acro/ic4 ,!re is little to be ga9$ by a discussion ( ! v>i\s conjectures t h be5 put =? to acc\nt = ?is *ange ( /yle3 z t ! cresc5do movem5t :i* rea*$ its climax 9 ! ?ird elegy 0 foll[$ by a decresc5do movem5t1 ! conclusion ( :i* became m prosaic2 t ! feel+s ( ! poet hav+ be5 calm$ d[n dur+ ! composition ( ! ma9 "p ( 8 "w1 he did n require ! re/ra9ts ( an exceptionally artificial me?od any long]2 t su* a me?od 0 n s becom+ 9 a pray] to ,god z x _h be5 9 ! utt]ance ( a lam5t4 ,9 answ] to ^! sugge/ions1 x may be rem>k$ t "s ( ! *oice/ poetry 9 ! book occurs at ! close ( ?is la/ *apt]1 t ! acro/ic 0 tak5 be=e z a sign t ! writ] _h 8 feel+s well "u comm&1 & t pray]s appe> repeat$ly 9 ! alphabetical poems4 ,is x n en\gh to say t 9 all probability ! elegies 7 compos$ on diff]5t occasions1 & t :5 !y 7 put toge!r x 0 natural t "o 9 :i* ! au?or _h n *os5 to b9d himself d[n to ! peculi>ly rigor\s me?od employ$ 9 ! re/ ( ! book %\ld h be5 plac$ at ! end8 ,ev5 "h we h a rem9isc5ce ( ! acro/ic2 = ! poem consi/s ( tw5ty-two v]ses--! numb] ( ! lett]s 9 ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 fur!r1 z reg>ds ! =m ( ?is elegy1 t ! au?or n[ adopts ! p>allelism :i* is ! *>act]i/ic note ( mo/ ,hebrew poetry4 ,! ,revis]s break up ! poem into two-l9e v]ses4 ,b1 m /rictly consid]$1 ea* v]se consi/s ( "o long l9e divid$ into two mutually balanc+ p>ts4 ,?us1 :ile ! ?ird elegy consi/s ( triplets1 & ! f\r? ( c\plets1 ! fif? is /ill m brief1 ) its s+le l9e v]ses4 ,9 fact1 :ile ! ideas & s5tim5ts are /ill elegiac & v l ^? f\nd 9 ! re/ ( ! book1 9 /ructure ?is poem is m assimilat$ to ! poetry conta9$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,bible4 ,f beg9n+ to end ! fif? elegy is directly address$ to ,god4 ,brief ejaculatory pray]s are frequ5t 9 ! e>li] poems1 & ! ?ird elegy conta9s two long] appeals to ,god2 b ?is la/ poem diff]s f ! o!rs 9 be+ entirely a pray]4 ,& yet x does n consi/ ( a /r+ ( petitions4 ,x is a m$itation 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 or1 m accurately describ$1 an acc\nt ( ! condition ( ! ,jews spread out be=e ,god 9 ord] to secure ,8 compassion4 ,9 ! fre$om & fulness ( 8 utt]ance ! poet reveals himself z a man :o is n unfamili> ) ! habit ( pray]4 ,x is ( c\rse only ! delusion ( ! ,ph>isees to suppose t a pray] is valuable 9 proportion to its l5g?4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 x is cle> t a p]son :o is unaccu/om$ to pray] halts & /umbles because he does n feel at home 9 address+ ,god4 ,x is only ) a fri5d t we c conv]se 9 p]fect fre$om4 ,"o :o has treat$ ,god z a /rang] w be necess>ily /iff & con/ra9$ 9 ! ,div9e pres5ce4 ,x is n en\gh to assure su* a p]son t ,god is ,8 ,fa!r4 ,a son may feel peculi>ly uncom=table ) 8 own fa!r if he has liv$ long 9 sep>ation & ali5ation f 8 home4 ,fre$om 9 ! expression ( confid5ces is a sure measure ( ! ext5t to :i* fri5d%ip is c>ri$4 ,( c\rse "s p are m res]v$ ?an o!rs2 b /ill z 9 ! same p]son 8 diff]5t degrees ( op5ness or res]ve ) diff]5t p w m>k 8 relative intimacy ( fri5d%ip ) !m1 s :5 a man has long accu/om$ himself to believe 9 ! pres5ce & sympa?y ( ,god1 & has cultivat$ ! habit ( commun+ ) 8 ,fa!r 9 heav51 8 pray]s w n be conf9$ to set petitions2 he w tell 8 ,fa!r :atev] is 9 8 he>t4 ,?is we h already se5 0 :at ! elegi/ _h le>nt to d4 ,b 9 ! la/ ( 8 poems he expresses m explicit & cont9u\s confid5ces4 ,he w h ,god "k ev]y?+4 ,! pray] op5s ) a /rik+ phrase--,rememb]1 ,o ,"l1 etc4 ,! mis]able condition ( ! ,jews sugge/s to ! imag9ation1 if n to ! reason1 t ,god mu/ h =gott5 ,8 p4 ,x _c be suppos$ t ! elegi/ conceiv$ ( 8 ,god z ,elijah mock+ly describ$ _! sil5t1 unresponsive div9ity to ! frantic prie/s ( ,baal1 or t he imag9$ t ,jehovah 0 really indiff]5t1 aft] ! mann] ( ! d5iz5s ( ! ,epicurean ,olympus4 ,nev]!less1 nei!r philosophy nor ev5 !ology :olly det]m9es ! =m ( an e>ne/ man's pray]s4 ,9 practice x is impossible n to speak accord+ to appe>ances4 ,! aspect ( affairs is sometimes su* z to =ce home ! feel+ t ,god mu/ h des]t$ ! suff]]1 or h[ c\ld ,he h p]mitt$ ! mis]y to cont9ue un*eck$8 ,a dogmatic /atem5t ( ! ,div9e omnisci5ce1 al?\gh x may n be disput$1 w n remove ! pa9ful impression1 nor w ! mo/ absolute demon/ration ( ! goodness ( ,god1 ( ,8 love & fai?fulness2 because ! ov]:elm+ influ5ce ( ?+s visible & tangible s fully occupies ! m9d t x has n room to receive unse51 spiritual realities4 ,!re=e1 ?\gh n to ! reason /ill to ! feel+s1 x is z ?\gh ,god _h inde$ =gott5 ,8 *ildr5 9 _! deep di/ress4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! fir/ requisite is ! assurance t ,god %\ld rememb] ! suff]]s :om ,he appe>s to be neglect+4 ,he nev] really neglects any ( ,8 creatures1 & ,8 att5tion is ! all-suffici5t security t deliv]ance mu/ be at h&4 ,b ?is is a tru? t does n satisfy u 9 ! b>e /atem5t ( x4 ,x mu/ be absorb$1 & p]mitt$ to p]meate wide regions ( consci\sness1 9 ord] t x may be an actual p[] 9 ! life4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is only ! subjective effect ( ! ?\ght ( ! ,div9e remembrance4 ,! poet is ?9k+ ( ext]nal actions4 ,evid5tly ! aim ( 8 pray] is to secure ! att5tion ( ,god z a sure prelim9>y to a ,div9e int]position4 ,b ev5 ) ?is end 9 view ! fact t ,god rememb]s is en\gh4 ,9 appeal+ = ,god's att5tion ! elegi/ fir/ makes m5tion ( ! reproa* t has come ^u ,israel4 ,?is ref]5ce to humiliation r ?an to suff]+ z ! prim>y gr\nd ( compla9t may be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ! glory ( ,god is frequ5tly tak5 z a reason = ! bless+ ( ,8 p4 ,t is done = ,8 "n's sake4#bgj ,!n ! ru9 ( ! ,jews is d]ogatory to ! hon\r ( _! ,div9e ,protector4 ,! peculi> relation ( ,israel to ,god also und]lies ! compla9t ( ! second v]se1 9 :i* ! l& is describ$ z our inh]itance1 ) an evid5t allusion to ! idea t x 0 receiv$ z a donation f ,god1 n acquir$ 9 any ord9>y human fa%ion4 ,a great wrong has be5 done1 app>5tly 9 contrav5tion ( ! ord9ance ( ,heav54 ,! ,div9e inh]itance has be5 turn$ ov] to /rang]s4 ,! v homes ( ! ,jews are 9 ! h&s ( ali5s4 ,f _! prop]ty ! poet passes on to ! condition ( ! p]sons ( ! suff]]s4 ,! ,jews are orphans2 !y h lo/ _! fa!rs1 & _! mo!rs are wid[s4 ,?is seems to indicate t ! writ] consid]$ himself to belong to ! y\ng] g5]ation ( ! ,jews1--t1 at an ev5ts1 he 0 n an eld]ly man4 ,b x is n easy to det]m9e h[ f> 8 words are to be read lit]ally4 ,no d\bt ! slaught] ( ! w> _h c>ri$ (f _m heads ( families1 & left a numb] ( wom5 & *ildr5 9 ! condition "h describ$4 ,b ! language ( poetry w\ld all[ ( a m g5]al int]pretation4 ,all ! ,jews felt desolate z orphans & wid[s4 ,p]haps !re is "s ?\ght ( ! loss ( ,god1 ! supreme ,fa!r ( ,israel4 ,:e!r ?is 0 9 ! m9d ( ! poet or n1 ! cry to ,god to rememb] ,8 p pla9ly implies t ,8 %elt]+ pres5ce 0 n n[ consci\sly exp]i5c$4 ,our ,"l =esaw t ,8 dep>ture w\ld smite ,8 disciples ) orphanage if ,he did n return to !m4#bga ,m5 :o h h>d5$ !mselves 9 a /ate ( sep>ation f ,god fail to recognise _! =lorn condition2 b t is no occasion = congratulation1 = ! family t nev] misses its fa!r c nev] h kn[n ! joys ( true home life4 ,*ildr5 ( ,god's h\se c h no great] sorr[ ?an to lose _! heav5ly ,fa!r's pres5ce4 #bgj ,= example1 ,j]4 xiv4 #g4 #bga ,john xiv4 #ah4 ,a peculi>ly annoy+ inju/ice to :i* ! ,jews 7 subject$ by _! h>% ma/]s consi/$ 9 ! fact t !y 7 compell$ to buy p]mission to collect firewood f _! own l& & to draw wat] f _! own wells4#bgb ,! elegi/ deplores ?is grievance z "p ( ! reproa* ( 8 p4 ,! m]e pecuni>y f9e ( a s]ies ( petty exactions is n ! *ief "p ( ! evil4 ,x is n ! pa9 ( fle% t r\ses a man's indignation on receiv+ a slap 9 ! face2 x is ! insult t /+s4 ,!re 0 m ?an insult 9 ?is gr9d+ d[n ( ! conqu]$ nation2 & ! indignities to :i* ! ,jews 7 subject$ 7 only too mu* 9 accord ) ! facts ( _! fall5 /ate4 ,?is p>ticul> exaction 0 an unmi/akable symptom ( ! abject s]vitude into :i* !y _h be5 r$uc$4 #bgb v4 #d4 ,! s]ies ( illu/rations ( ! degradation ( ,israel seems to be arrang$ some:at 9 ! ord] ( "t & 9 accordance ) ! movem5ts ( ! p4 ,?us1 aft] describ+ ! /ate ( ! ,jews 9 _! own l&1 ! poet next foll[s ! =tunes ( 8 p 9 exile4 ,!re is no m]cy = !m 9 _! flight4 ,! words 9 :i* ! mis]ies ( ?is "t are ref]r$ to are some:at obscure4 ,! phrase 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 ,our necks are "u p]secution1#bgc is r5d]$ by ! ,revis]s1 ,our pursu]s are ^u our necks4 ,x w\ld seem to mean t ! hunt is s close t fugitives are on ! po9t ( be+ captur$2 or p]haps t !y are made to b[ _! heads 9 defeat z _! captors seize !m4 ,b a propos$ em5dation sub/itutes ! ^w yoke = pursu]s4 ,if we may v5ture to accept ?is z a conjectural improvem5t--& lat] critics indulge !mselves 9 m fre$om 9 ! h&l+ ( ! text ?an 0 =m]ly p]mitt$--! l9e po9ts to ! burd5 ( captivity4 ,! next l9e fav\rs ?is idea1 s9ce x dwells on ! utt] we>9ess ( ! mis]able fugitives4 ,!re is no re/ = !m4 ,pale/9e is a difficult c\ntry to travel 91 & ! wild]ness s\? & ea/ ( ,j]usalem is especially try+4 ,! hills are /eep & ! roads rocky2 = a multitude ( fam9e-/rick5 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 driv5 out ov] ?is homeless wa/e1 a c\ntry t taxes ! /r5g? ( ! travell] = pleasure c\ld n b be mo/ exhau/+4 ,b ! wor/ we>9ess is n muscul>4 ,tir$ s\ls are m we>y ?an tir$ bodies4 ,! yoke ( %ame & s]vitude is m cru%+ ?an any am\nt ( physical lab\r4 ,on ! o!r h& ! yoke ( ,jesus is easy n because little "w is expect$ ( ,*ri/ians1 b = ! m satisfactory reason t1 be+ giv5 9 ex*ange = ! fe>ful burd5 ( s91 x is borne will+ly & ev5 joy\sly z a badge ( hon\r4 #bgc v4 #e4 ,f9ally1 9 _! exile ! ,jews are n free f mole/ation4 ,9 ord] to obta9 bread !y mu/ abase !mselves be=e ! p ( ! l&4 ,! fugitives 9 ! s\? mu/ d homage to ! ,egyptians2 ! captives 9 ! ea/ to me ,assyrians4#bgd ,"h1 !n1 at ! v la/ /age ( ! s]ies ( mis]ies1 %ame & humiliation are ! pr9cipal grievances deplor$4 ,at e po9t !re is a reproa*1 & to ?is feature ( ! :ole situation ,god's att5tion is especially direct$4 #bgd v4 #f4 ,n[ ! elegi/ turns aside to a reflection on ! cause ( all ?is evil4 ,x is attribut$ to ! s9s ( previ\s g5]ations4 ,! pres5t suff]]s are be>+ ! iniquities ( _! fa!rs4 ,"h sev]al po9ts call = a brief notice4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! v =m ( ! language is significant4 ,:at is meant by ! phrase to be> iniquity8 ,/range my/ical mean+s are sometimes import$ into x1 su* z an actual transf]5ce ( s91 or at lea/ a tak+ ov] ( guilt4 ,?is is ass]t$ ( ! s9-(f]+ 9 ! law1 & !n ( ! s9-be>+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ on ! cross4 ,x w\ld indicate %all[ ways ( ?9k+ to say t ! simple & obvi\s mean+ ( an expression 9 "o place is ! only signification x is ev] capable ( convey+4 ,a common process 9 ! developm5t ( language is = words & phrases t orig9ally conta9$ only pla9 physical mean+s to acquire 9 c\rse ( "t deep] & m spiritual associations4 ,we c nev] fa?om all t is meant by ! /atem5t t ,*ri/ ,8 own self b>e our s9s 9 ,8 body ^u ! tree4#bge ,/ill x is well to obs]ve t !re is a pla9 s5se 9 :i* ! ,hebrew phrase 0 us$4 ,x is cle> 9 ! case n[ be=e u1 at all ev5ts1 t ! poet _h no my/ical ideas 9 m9d4 ,:5 he said t ! *ildr5 bore ! s9s ( _! fa!rs he simply meant t !y reap$ ! consequ5ces ( ^? s9s4 ,! expression c mean no?+ else "h4 ,x w\ld be well1 !n1 to rememb] ?is v simple explanation ( x :5 we are engag$ ) ! discussion ( o!r & m difficult passages 9 :i* x occurs4 #bge #a ,pet] ii4 #bd4 ,b if ! language is p]fectly unambigu\s ! doctr9e x implies is f> f be+ easy to accept4 ,on ! face ( x1 x seems to be gl>+ly unju/4 ,& yet :e!r we c reconcile x ) our ideas ( :at is equitable or n !re c be no d\bt t x /ates a t]rible tru?2 we ga9 no?+ by bl9k+ ! fact4 ,x 0 p]fectly cle> to p ( ! "t ( ! captivity t !y 7 suff]+ = ! p]si/5t misconduct ( _! ance/ors dur+ a succession ( g5]ations4 ,long be=e ?is ! ,jews _h be5 w>n$ ( ! dang] ( cont9u$ rebellion aga9/ ! w ( ,god4 ,?us ! nation _h be5 treasur+ up wra? = ! day ( wra?4 ,! =be>ance :i* p]mitt$ ! fir/ (f5d]s to die 9 peace be=e ! day ( reckon+ w\ld assume ano!r "* = ! unhappy g5]ation on ^: head ! long-p5t-up flood at l5g? desc5d$4 ,x is n en\gh to urge 9 reply t ! ?reat ( ! second comm&m5t to visit ! s9s ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 to ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation 0 = !m t hate ,god2 because x is n prim>ily _! own conduct1 b ! s9s ( _! ance/ors1 9 :i* ! reason = puni%+ ! lat] g5]ations is f\nd4 ,if ^! s9s 7 exactly repeat$ ! influ5ce ( _! p>5ts w\ld make ! p]sonal guilt ( ! lat] (f5d]s less1 n m1 ?an t ( ! orig9ators ( ! evil l9e4 ,besides1 9 ! case ( ! ,jews !re _h be5 "s am5dm5t4 ,josiah's re=mation _h be5 v disappo9t+2 & yet ! awful wick$ness ( ! reign ( ,manasseh _h n be5 repeat$4 ,! gross idolatry ( ! e>li] times & ! cruelties ( ,molo* wor%ip _h disappe>$4 ,at lea/1 x mu/ be admitt$1 !y 7 no long] common practices ( c\rt & p4 ,! publication ( s great an inspir$ "w z ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy _h wr\ght a m>k$ effect on ! religion & morals ( ! ,jews4 ,! age :i* 0 call$ ^u to receive ! paym5t = ! national s9s 0 n really s wick$ z "s ( ! ages t _h e>n$ x4 ,! same ?+ is se5 9 private life4 ,!re is no?+ t m di/resses ! au?or ( ^! poems ?an ! suff]+s ( innoc5t *ildr5 9 ! siege ( ,j]usalem4 ,we are frequ5tly confront$ ) evid5ces ( ! fact t ! vices ( p>5ts inflict pov]ty1 di%on\r1 & disease on _! families4 ,?is is j :at ! elegi/ means :5 he writes ( *ildr5 be>+ ! iniquities ( _! fa!rs4 ,! fact _c be disput$4 ,(t5 z ! problem t "h />ts up afre% has be5 discuss$1 no really satisfactory solution ( x has ev] be5 =?com+4 ,we mu/ admit t we are face to face ) "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd my/]ies ( provid5ce4 ,b we may detect "s gl9ts ( light 9 ! d>kness4 ,?us1 z we h se5 on ! occasion ( a previ\s ref]5ce to ?is "q1#bgf ! fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 accordance ) :i* ^! p]plex+ results are br\ght ab\t is cle>ly "o :i* on ! :ole makes = ! highe/ welf>e ( mank9d4 ,t "o g5]ation %\ld h& on ! fruit ( its activity to ano!r is ess5tial to ! v idea ( progress4 ,! law ( h]$ity & ! v>i\s influ5ces t g to make up ! evil results 9 ! case be=e u "w p[]fully = good "u o!r circum/ances2 & t ! balance is c]ta9ly on ! side ( good1 is prov$ by ! fact t ! _w is mov+ =w>d1 n backw>d1 z w\ld be ! case if ! balance ( h]$it>y influ5ce 0 on ! side ( evil4 ,!re=e x w\ld be disa/r\s 9 ! extreme = ! laws t pass on ! puni%m5t ( s9 to successive g5]ations to be aboli%$2 ! abolition ( !m w\ld /op ! *>iot ( progress4 ,!n we h se5 t ! solid>ity ( ! race necessitates bo? mutual influ5ces 9 ! pres5t & ! cont9uance ( influ5ce f "o age to ano!r4 ,! great unit ,man is f> m ?an ! sum ( ! little units m54 ,we mu/ endure ! disadvantages ( a sy/em :i* is s ess5tial to ! good ( man4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is b to fall back on ! ,leibnitzian !ory ( ! be/ ( all possible worlds4 ,x is n an absolute v9dication ( ! ju/ice ( :atev] happ5s--an atta9m5t q beyond our rea*4 #bgf ,page #aea4 ,b ano!r consid]ation may %$ a ray ( light on ! problem4 ,! be>+ ( ! s9s ( o!rs is = ! highe/ advantage ( ! suff]]s4 ,x is difficult to ?9k ( any m truly elevat+ sorr[s4 ,!y resemble our ,"l's passion2 & ( ,him x 0 said t ,he 0 made p]fect ?r\gh suff]+4#bgg ,)\t d\bt ,israel b5efit$ imm5sely f ! discipl9e ( ! ,captivity1 & we may be sure t ! bett] remnant 0 mo/ bless$ by ?is exp]i5ce al?\gh x 0 prim>ily design$ to be ! *a/isem5t ( ! m guilty4 ,! ,jews 7 reg5]at$ by ! baptism ( fire4 ,!n !y c\ld n ultimately compla9 ( ! ordeal t issu$ 9 s mu* good4 #bgg ,heb4 ii4 #aj4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t !re 7 two curr5ts ( ?\ght ) reg>d to ?is problem4 ,:ile mo/ m5 held to ! anci5t or?odoxy1 "s rose 9 revolt aga9/ ! dogma express$ 9 ! prov]b1 ,! fa!rs h eat5 s\r grapes1 & ! *ildr5's tee? are set on edge4 ,j at ?is "t ! prophet ,ezekiel 0 inspir$ to lead ! ,jews to a m j conception1 ) ! decl>ation3 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l ,god1 ye %all n h occasion any m to use ?is prov]b 9 ,israel4 ,behold1 all s\ls are m9e2 z ! s\l ( ! fa!r1 s also ! s\l ( ! son is m9e3 ! s\l t s9ne?1 x %all die4#bgh ,?is 0 ! new doctr9e4 ,b h[ c\ld x be made to squ>e ) ! facts8 ,by /rong fai? 9 x ! disciples ( ! advanc$ s*ool might br+ !mselves to believe t ! c\rse ( ev5ts :i* _h giv5 rise to ! old idea w\ld be arre/$4 ,b if s !y w\ld be disappo9t$2 = ! _w goes on 9 its unv>y+ way4 ,happily1 z ,*ri/ians1 we may look = ! f9al solution 9 a future life1 :5 all wrongs %all be right$4 ,x is mu* to "k t 9 ! great h]eaft] ea* s\l w be judg$ simply accord+ to its own "*4 #bgh ,ezek4 xviii4 #c1 #d4 ,9 conclusion1 z we foll[ out ! c\rse ( ! elegy1 we f9d ! same views ma9ta9$ t 7 pres5t$ e>li]4 ,! idea ( ignom9y is /ill h>p$ ^u4 ,! ,jews compla9 t !y are "u ! rule ( s]vants4#bgi ,satraps 7 really ! ,great ,k+'s slaves1 (t5 simply h\sehold fav\rites promot$ to po/s ( hon\r4 ,possibly ! ,jews 7 put 9 ! p[] ( inf]ior s]vants4 ,! petty tyranny ( su* p]sons w\ld be all ! m p]si/5tly annoy+1 if1 z (t5 happ5s1 s]vility to sup]iors _h br$ insol5ce 9 bully+ ! weak2 & !re 0 no appeal f ! vexati\s tyranny4 ,?is compla9t w\ld seem to apply to ! p left 9 ! l&1 = x is ! me?od ( ! elegi/ to br+ toge!r sc5es f diff]5t places z well z sc5es f diff]5t times 9 "o picture ( conc5trat$ mis]y4 ,! next po9t is t food is only procur$ at ! risk ( life because ( ! sword ( ! wild]ness2#bhj :i* seems to mean t ! c\ntry is s disorganis$ t hordes ( ,b$\9s hov] ab\t & attack ! peasants :5 !y v5ture abroad to ga!r 9 _! h>ve/4 ,! fev] ( fam9e is se5 on ^! wret*$ p2 _! faces burn z ?\gh !y _h be5 scor*$ at an ov54#bha ,su* is ! g5]al condition ( ! ,jews1 ,su* is ! sc5e on :i* ,god is begg$ to look d[n6 #bgi v4 #h4 #bhj v4 #i4 #bha v4 #aj4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,s9 ,,& ,,%ame v4 #aa-ah ,! keynote ( ! fif? elegy is /ruck 9 its op5+ v]se :5 ! poet calls ^u ,god to rememb] ! reproa* t has be5 ca/ ^u ,8 p4 ,! prec$+ poems dwelt on ! suff]+s ( ! ,jews2 "h ! pr$om9ant ?\ght is t ( ! humiliations to :i* !y h be5 subject$4 ,! %ame ( ,israel & ! s9 :i* _h br\ght x on are n[ set =? ) po9t & =ce4 ,if1 z "s ?9k1 ! lit]>y grace ( ! e>li] compositions is n fully su/a9$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( ,lam5tations--al?\gh 9 p>ts ( x ! feel+ & imag9ation & art all t\* ! high-wat] m>k--x _c be disput$ t ! spiritual tone ( ?is elegy indicates an advance on ! f\r e>li] poems4 ,we h sometimes met ) wild compla9ts1 fi]ce recrim9ations1 deep & t]rible curses t seem to require "s apology if !y are to be ju/ifi$4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d ruffles ! c\rse ( ?is faultless m$itation4 ,!re is n a s+le j>r+ note f beg9n+ to end1 n "o phrase call+ = explanation by ref]5ce to ! limit$ ideas ( ,old ,te/am5t times or to ! passion excit$ by cruelty1 insult1 & tyranny1 n a l9e t reads pa9fully ev5 9 ! cle> light ( ! tea*+s ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! vile/ outrages are deplor$2 & yet1 /range to say1 no ^w ( v9dictiv5ess t[>ds ! p]petrators escapes ! lips ( ! m\rn+ patriot6 ,h[ is ?is8 ,! s9 ( ! p has be5 confess$ be=e z ! s\rce ( all _! mis]y2 b s9ce ) x %ame is n[ associat$ z ! pr9cipal item 9 _! affliction1 we c see 9 ?is fre% developm5t a decid$ advance t[>ds high] views ( ! :ole position4 ,may we n take ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! conclud+ *apt] ( ! ,book ( ,lam5tations to be an indication ( progress 9 ! spiritual exp]i5ce ( its au?or8 ,p]haps x is to be p>tially expla9$ by ! fact t ! poem ?r\gh\t consi/s ( a pray] address$ directly to ,god4 ,! wilde/1 d>ke/ passions ( ! s\l _c live 9 ! atmosph]e ( pray]4 ,:5 m5 say ( ! p]secutor1 ,behold he praye?1 x is c]ta9 t he _c any long] be brea?+ ?reat5+ & slaught]4 ,ev5 ! feel+s ( ! p]secut$ mu/ be calm$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god4 ,! s]5ity ( ! surr\nd+s ( ! m]cy-seat _c b communicate itself to ! fev]i% s\l ( ! suppliant4 ,to draw ne> to ,god is to escape f ! tumults ( e>? & brea! ! /ill1 pure air ( heav54 ,he is ,himself s calm & /rong1 s completely suffici5t = e em]g5cy1 t we beg9 to ent] into ,8 re/ z soon z we approa* ,8 pres5ce4 ,all unaw>es1 p]haps uns\ght1 ! peace ( ,god /eals into ! he>t ( ! man :o br+s 8 tr\bles to 8 ,fa!r 9 pray]4 ,!n ! reflections t accompany pray] t5d 9 ! same direction4 ,9 ! light ( ,god ?+s beg9 to assume _! true proportions4 ,we discov] t our fir/ fi]ce outcries 7 unreasonable1 t we _h be5 simply madd5$ by pa9 s t our judgm5t _h be5 confus$4 ,a psalmi/ tells u h[ he und]/ood ! c\rse ( ev5ts :i* _h previ\sly p]plex$ him by tak+ 8 "p 9 ! wor%ip ( ! sanctu>y1 :5 ref]r+ to 8 p]secutors1 ! prosp]\s wick$1 he exclaims1 ,!n und]/ood ,i _! end4#bhb ,9 draw+ ne> to ,god we le>n t v5geance is ,god's pr]ogative1 t ,he w repay2 !re=e we c v5ture to be /ill & leave ! v9dication ( our cause 9 ,8 un]r+ h&s4 ,b1 fur!r1 ! v ?ir/ = rev5ge is ext+ui%$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & t 9 sev]al ways3 we see t ! passion is wrong 9 itself2 we beg9 to make "s all[ance = ! (f5d]2 we le>n to own k9%ip ) ! man :ile condemn+ 8 wick$ness2 above all1 we awake to a ke5 consci\sness ( our own guilt4 #bhb ,psalm lxxiii4 #ag4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n a suffici5t explanation ( ! rem>kable *ange 9 tone t we h obs]v$ 9 ! fif? elegy4 ,! e>li] poems conta9 pray]s1 "o ( :i* deg5]ates into a direct imprecation4#bhc ,if ! poet _h :olly giv5 himself to pray] 9 t case z he has done "h v possibly 8 tone w\ld h be5 mollifi$4 ,/ill1 we mu/ look to o!r factors = a complete explanation4 ,! writ] is himself "o ( ! suff]+ p4 ,9 describ+ _! wrongs he is n>rat+ 8 own1 = he is ! man :o has se5 affliction4 ,?us he has long be5 a pupil 9 ! s*ool ( adv]sity4 ,!re is no s*ool at :i* a docile pupil le>ns s mu*4 ,?is man has graduat$ 9 sorr[4 ,x is n surpris+ t he is n j :at he 0 :5 he matriculat$4 ,we mu/ n press ! analogy too f>1 because1 z we h se51 !re is good reason to believe t none ( ! elegies 7 writt5 until "s "t aft] ! occurr5ce ( ! calamities to :i* !y ref]1 t !re=e !y all repres5t ! fruit ( long brood+ ov] _! !me4 ,& yet we may all[ an int]val to h elaps$ betwe5 ! composition ( ! e>li] ones & t ( ! poem ) :i* ! book closes4 ,?is p]iod ( long] cont9u$ reflection may h be5 utilis$ 9 ! process ( cle>+ & ref9+ ! ideas ( ! poet4 ,x is n m]ely t ! lessons ( adv]sity imp>t fre% k or a tru] way ( look+ at life & its =tunes4 ,!y d ! high] "w ( education--!y develop culture4 ,?is1 inde$1 is ! greate/ advantage to be ga9$ by ! /]n discipl9e ( sorr[4 ,! s\l t has ! grace to use x aright is purg$ & prun$1 *a/5$ & s(t5$1 lift$ to high] views1 & at ! same "t br\ght d[n f self-e/eem to deep humiliation4 ,"h we h a p>tial explanation ( ! my/]y ( suff]+4 ,?is poem ?r[s light on ! t]rible problem by its v exi/5ce1 by ! _s & "* :i* x exhibits4 ,! calmness & self-re/ra9t ( ! elegy1 :ile x deep5s ! pa?os ( ! :ole sc5e1 helps u to see z no direct /atem5t w\ld d1 t ! *a/isem5t ( ,israel has n be5 inflict$ 9 va94 ,!re mu/ be good ev5 9 ! awful mis]ies "h describ$ 9 su* pati5t language4 #bhc ,lam4 iii4 #fe4 ,! connection ( %ame ) s9 9 ?is poem is indirect & along a l9e :i* is ! rev]se ( ! normal c\rse ( exp]i5ce4 ,! poet does n pass f s9 to %ame2 he proce$s f ! ?\ght ( %ame to t ( s94 ,x is ! humiliat+ condition 9 :i* ! ,jews are f\nd t awak5s ! idea ( ! %ock+ guilt ( :i* ?is is ! consequ5ce4 ,we (t5 h occasion to ackn[l$ge ! fatal h9drance ( pride to ! "r work+ ( consci5ce4 ,a l(ty conception ( "o's own dignity is absolutely inconsi/5t ) a due feel+ ( guilt4 ,a man _c be bo? elat$ & ca/ d[n at ! same mom5t4 ,if 8 elation is suffici5tly su/a9$ f )9 x w effectually b> ! door to ! entrance ( ^? humbl+ ?\ghts :i* _c b accompany an admission ( s94 ,!re=e :5 ?is b>ri] is fir/ remov$1 & ! man is ?or\ghly humbl$1 he is op5 to receive ! accusations ( consci5ce4 ,all 8 =tifications h be5 flung d[n4 ,!re is no?+ to prev5t ! invad+ army ( accus+ ?\ghts f m>*+ /raight 9 & tak+ possession ( ! citadel ( 8 he>t4 ,! elegy takes a turn at ! elev5? v]se4 ,up to ?is po9t x describes ! /ate ( ! p g5]ally 9 _! suff]+s f ! siege & its consequ5ces4 ,b n[ ! poet directs att5tion to sep>ate classes ( p & ! diff]5t =ms ( cruelty to :i* !y are sev]ally subject$ 9 a s]ies ( int5sely vivid pictures4 ,we see ! awful fate ( matrons & maid5s1 pr9ces & eld]s1 "y m5 & *ildr54 ,wom5 are subject$ to ! vile/ abuse1 nei!r rev]5ce = mo!rhood nor pity = innoc5ce af=d+ ! lea/ protection4 ,m5 ( royal blood & noble bir? are kill$ & _! corpses hung up 9 ignom9y--p]haps impal$ or crucifi$ 9 accordance ) ! vile ,babylonian cu/om4 ,!re is no respect = age or (fice4 ,nei!r is !re any m]cy = y\?4 ,9 ! ,ea/ gr9d+ is wom5's "w2 b1 l ,samson among ! ,phili/9es1 ! "y m5 ( ! ,jews are put 9 *>ge ( ! mills4 ,! poet seems to indicate t !y h to c>ry ! heavy mill-/ones 9 ! m>* ( ! return+ army ) ! spoils ( ! sack$ city4 ,! *ildr5 are set to ! slave task ( ,gibeonites4 ,! ,hebrew ^w "h translat$ *ildr5 might /& = "y p :o _h rea*$ adult ye>s4#bhd ,b 9 ! pres5t case ! condition is t ( immature /r5g?1 = ! burd5 ( wood !y are requir$ to be> is too heavy = !m & !y /umble "u x4 ,?is is ! sc5e--outrage = ! girls & wom51 slaught] = ! lead+ m51 h>% slav]y = ! *ildr54 #bhd v4 #ac4 ,next1 pass+ f ^! exact details1 ! poet aga9 describes ! condition ( ! p m g5]ally1 & ?is "t "u ! image ( an int]rupt$ fea/1 :i* is introduc$ by "o m ref]5ce to ! *anges t h come ^u c]ta9 classes4 ,! eld]s are no long] to be se5 at ! gate adm9i/]+ ! primitive =ms ( law entru/$ to !m4 ,! "y m5 are no long] to be he>d p]=m+ on _! musical in/rum5ts4#bhe ,/ill speak+ = ! p1 ! poet decl>es t ! joy ( _! he>t has ceas$4 ,!n ! aspect ( all life mu/ be *ang$ to !m4 ,in/ead ( ! gay pictures ( danc]s 9 _! revelry we h ! wait+ ( m\rn]s4 ,! gue/ at a fea/ w\ld be cr[n$ ) a g>l& ( fl[]s4 ,su* 0 once ! appe>ance ( ,j]usalem 9 h] m]ry fe/ivities4 ,b n[ ! g>l& has fall5 f h] head4#bhf #bhe v4 #ad4 #bhf v4 #ae1 #af4 ,?is imag]y is a relief aft] ! t]rible realism ( ! imm$iately prec$+ pictures4 ,we _c be> to look cont9u\sly at sc5es ( agony1 nor is x well t we %\ld attempt to d s1 because if we c\ld succe$ x w\ld only be by becom+ call\s4 ,!n ! f9al result w\ld be n to excite deep] sympa?y1 b ! v rev]se1 & at ! same "t a di/9ctly l[]+ & co>s5+ effect w\ld be produc$ 9 u4 ,& yet we may n smo!r up abuses 9 ord] to sp>e our own feel+s4 ,!re are evils t mu/ be dragg$ out to ! light 9 ord] t !y may be execrat$1 puni%$1 & de/roy$4 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 broke ! back ( ,am]ican slav]y be=e ,presid5t ,l9coln attack$ x4 ,:]e1 !n1 %all we f9d ! middle position betwe5 repulsive realism & guilty neglig5ce8 ,we h ! model = ?is 9 ! ,biblical treatm5t ( pa9ful subjects4 ,scripture nev] gloats ov] ! details ( crimes & vices2 yet ,scripture nev] fl9*es f describ+ su* ?+s 9 ! pla9e/ possible t]ms4 ,if ^! subjects are ev] to become ! !me ( art--& art claims ! :ole ( life = h] doma9--imag9ation mu/ c>ry u away to ! second>y effects r ?an vivify ! hide\s occurr5ces !mselves4 ,! passage be=e u af=ds an excell5t illu/ration ( ?is me?od4 ,) a few ke51 cle> /rokes ! poet sket*es 9 ! exact situation4 ,b he %[s no disposition to l+] on gha/ly details4 ,?\gh he does n %r9k f sett+ !m be=e u 9 unmi/akable tru? ( =m & col\r1 he ha/5s to a m ideal treatm5t ( ! subject1 & relieves u ) ! imag9>y picture ( ! spoil$ banquet4 ,ev5 ,sp5s] sometimes excites a feel+ ( positive nausea :5 he enl>ges on "s mo/ loa?some picture4 ,x w\ld be un5durable except t ! great ,elizabe?an poet has wov5 ! wit*]y ( 8 da9ty fancy into ! fabric ( 8 v]se4 ,?us ?+s c be said 9 poetry :i* w\ld be unbe>able 9 prose1 because poetry ref9es ) ! aid ( imag9ation ! tale t x does n %r9k f tell+ q truly & mo/ =cibly4 ,! *ange 9 ! poet's /yle prep>es = ano!r effect4 ,:ile we are contemplat+ ! exact details ( ! suff]+s ( ! diff]5t classes ( outrag$ citiz5s1 ! insult & cruelty & utt] abom9ation ( ^! sc5es r\se our indignation aga9/ ! p]petrators ( ! f\le/ crimes1 & leave no?+ b pity = _! victims4 ,x is n 9 ! pres5ce ( su* ev5ts t ! s9s ( ,israel c be br\ght home to ! p or ev5 call$ to m9d4 ,! attempt to introduce ! ?\ght ( !m !re w\ld seem to be a piece ( he>tless (fici\sness4 ,& yet x is mo/ important to p]ceive ! connection betwe5 all ?is mis]y & ! previ\s misconduct ( ! ,jews :i* 0 its real cause4 ,accord+ly int]m$iate reflections1 :ile !y let ! sc5es ( blood & t]ror rec$e1 t\* on ! g5]al "* ( ! :ole 9 a way t p]mits ( m he>t-se>*+ self-exam9ation4 ,?us out ( ! brood+ melan*oly ( ?is second>y grief we are l$ to a di/9ct confession ( s9 on ! "p ( ! p4#bhg #bhg v4 #af4 ,?is is ! ma9 result aim$ at ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( *a/isem5t4 ,until x has be5 rea*$ little good c be effect$4 ,:5 x is atta9$ ! discipl9e has already wr\ght its greate/ "w4 ,z we saw at ! outset1 x is ! %ame ( ! situation t awak5s a consci\sness ( guilt4 ,humbl$ & p5it5t1 ! *a/5$ p are j 9 ! position at :i* ,god c meet !m 9 graci\s p>don4 ,/rictly speak+1 p]haps we %\ld say t ?is is ! position to :i* ! elegi/ desires to lead !m by ?us appe>+ z _! spokesman4 ,& yet we %\ld n make too %>p a di/9ction betwe5 ! poet & 8 p4 ,! elegy is n a didactic "w2 ! flav\r ( its g5tle l9es w\ld be lo/ directly !y l5t !mselves to p$agogic ends4 ,x is only j to take ! words be=e u q directly1 z !y are writt5 9 ! fir/ p]son plural1 = a description ( ! ?\ghts ( at lea/ ! gr\p ( ,jews ) :om _! au?or 0 associat$4 ,! confession ( s9 implies 9 ! fir/ place a recognition ( its exi/5ce4 ,?is is m ?an a b>e1 und5iable recollection t ! de$ 0 done4 ,x is possible by a k9d ( intellectual juggl]y ev5 to come to a virtual d5ial ( ?is fact 9 "o's own consci\sness4 ,b to admit ! de$ is n to admit ! s94 ,! casui/ry ( self-def5ce be=e ! c\rt ( self-judgm5t is m subtle ?an s\nd1 z e "o :o has f\nd out 8 own he>t mu/ be aw>e4 ,9 ?is matt] ! he>t is deceitful above all ?+s4#bhh ,n[ x is n difficult to take "p 9 a decor\s s]vice :]e all ! congregation are expect$ to d5om9ate !mselves mis]able (f5d]s1 b x is an entirely diff]5t ?+ to retreat into ! sil5t *amb] ( our own ?\ght1 & !re calmly & delib]ately1 ) full consci\sness ( :at ! words mean1 confess to ourselves1 ,we h s9n$4 ,! s9k+ ( he>t1 ! /++ humiliation1 ! s5se ( self-loa?+ :i* su* an admission produces1 are ! mo/ mis]able exp]i5ces 9 life4 ,! wret*$ness ( x all is t !re is no possibility ( escap+ ! accus] :5 he is self4 ,we c d no?+ b let ! %ame ( ! de$ burn 9 ! consci5ce )\t any mollify+ salve--until ! heal+ ( ,div9e =giv5ess is receiv$4 #bhh ,j]4 xvii4 #i4 ,b1 9 ! second place1 confession ( s9 goes beyond ! secret admission ( x by ! consci5ce1 z 9 a case he>d 9 cam]4 ,*iefly x is a frank av[al ( guilt be=e ,god4 ,?is is treat$ by ,/4 ,john z an ess5tial condition ( =giv5ess by ,god1 :5 ,he says1 ,if we confess our s9s1 ,he is fai?ful & righte\s to =give u our s9s1 & to cleanse u f all unrighte\sness4#bhi ,h[ f> confession %\ld also be made to our fell[-m5 is a difficult "q4 ,9 bidd+ u confess our faults "o to ano!r1#bij ,/4 ,james may be simply requir+ t :5 we h done anybody a wrong we %\ld own x to ! injur$ p]son4 ,! h>% discipl9e ( ! :ite %eet is n f\nd 9 apo/olic times1 ! bro!rly _s ( :i* is se5 9 ! *>ity :i* cov]e? a multitude ( s9s4#bia ,& yet1 on ! o!r h&1 ! true p5it5t w always %r9k f sail+ "u false col\rs4 ,c]ta9ly public (f5ces call = public ackn[l$gm5t1 & all s9 %\ld be s f> own$ t :e!r ! details are kn[n or n !re is no actual deception1 no hypocritical pret5ce at a virtue t is n possess$1 no will+ness to accept hon\rs t are q unm]it$4 ,let a man nev] pret5d to be s9less1 nay1 let him di/9ctly own himself a s9n]1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 let him n d5y or excuse any specific wick$ness ) :i* he is ju/ly accus$2 & !n = ! re/1 to 8 own "l he /&e? or falle?4#bib #bhi #a ,john i4 #i4 #bij ,james v4 #af4 #bia #a ,pet] iv4 #h4 #bib ,rom4 xiv4 #d4 ,:5 ! elegi/ foll[s 8 confession ( s9 ) ! words1 ,= ?is our he>t is fa9t1 etc41#bic x is pla9 t he attributes ! s5se ( failure & impot5ce to ! guilt t has l$ to ! *a/isem5t4 ,?is fa9tness ( he>t & ! dimness ( sight t accompanies x1 l ! condition ( a swoon+ p]son1 sugge/ a v diff]5t situation f t ( ! h]o /ruggl+ aga9/ a m\nta9 ( difficulties1 or t ( ! m>tyr triumph+ ov] torture & dea?4 ,! humiliation is n[ acc\nt$ =1 & ! explanation ( x te>s to %r$s ! la/ rag ( pride ) :i* ! fall5 p might h attempt$ to hide x4 ,! abject wret*$ness ( ! ,jews is admitt$ to be ! effect ( _! own s9s4 ,no ?\ght c be m depress+4 ,! desolation ( ,m\nt ,zion1 :]e jackals pr[l undi/urb$ z ?\gh x 7 ! wild]ness1#bid is a /&+ te/imony to ! s9 ( ,israel4 ,su* is ! degradation to :i* ! p :om ! elegi/ "h repres5ts are r$uc$4 ,x is a condition ( utt] helplessness2 & yet 9 x w rise ! dawn ( hope2 = :5 man is mo/ empty ( self he is mo/ ready to receive ,god4 ,?us x is t f ! deepe/ pit ( humiliation !re spr+s ! pray] ( tru/ & hope ) :i* ! ,book ( ,lam5tations closes4 #bic v4 #ag4 #bid v]4 #ah4 ,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,ev]la/+ ,,?rone v4 #ai-bb ,we h l+]$ long 9 ! valley ( humiliation4 ,at ! elev5? h\r we are direct$ to look up f ?is sc5e ( we>y gloom to heav5ly heights1 radiant 9 sunlight4 ,x is n by accid5t t ! new attitude is sugge/$ only at ! v end ( ! la/ elegy4 ,! c\rse ( ! ?\ght & ! c\rse ( exp]i5ce t und]lies x h be5 prep>+ = ! *ange4 ,on ent]+ ! valley ! travell] mu/ look well to 8 feet2 x is n till he has be5 a d5iz5 ( x = "s "t t he is able to lift up 8 eyes to o!r & bright] realms4 ,?us at la/ our att5tion is turn$ f e>? to heav51 f man to ,god4 ,9 ?is *ange ( vision ! mood :i* gave rise to ! ,lam5tations disappe>s4 ,s9ce e>?ly ?+s lose _! value 9 view ( ! treasures 9 heav51 ! ru9 ( !m also becomes ( less acc\nt4 ,?us we read 9 ! ,imitatio3 ,! life ( man is always look+ on ! ?+s ( "t1 ,pleas$ ) ! pelf ( e>?1 ,gloomy at loss1 ,prick$ by ! lea/ injuri\s ^w2 ,life t\*$ by ,god looks on ! et]nal1-- ,) x no cleav+ unto "t1 ,no fr[n :5 prop]ty is lo/1 ,no sne] :5 words are h>%1-- ,because x puts its treasure & its joy 9 heav51 ,:]e no?+ fades4 ,! explanation ( ?is sudd5 turn is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t = ! mom5t ! poet =gets himself & 8 surr\nd+s 9 a rapt contemplation ( ,god4 ,?is is ! glory ( adoration1 ! v highe/ =m ( pray]1 t pray] 9 :i* a man comes ne>e/ to ! condition ascrib$ to angels & ! spirits ( ! bless$ :o surr\nd ! ?rone & gaze on ! et]nal light4 ,x is n to be ?\ght ( z an idle dream+ l ! dre>y ab/raction ( ! ,indian fanatic :o has drill$ himself to =get ! outside _w by r$uc+ 8 m9d to a /ate ( vacancy :ile he repeats ! mean+less syllable ,om1 or ! s5seless ec/asy ( ! monk ( ,m\nt ,a?os1 :o has atta9$ ! highe/ object ( 8 ambition :5 he ?9ks he has beheld ! sacr$ light )9 8 own body4 ,x is self-=getful1 n self-c5tr$2 & x is occupi$ ) ! contemplation ( ^? great tru?s ( ! be+ ( ,god1 absorption 9 :i* is an inspiration4 ,"h ! wor%ipp] is at ! riv] ( ! wat] ( life1 f :i* if he dr9ks he w g away refre%$ = ! battle l ! ,r$-cross knight re/or$ at ! heal+ f\nta94 ,x is ! mis=tune ( our own age t x is impractical 9 ! excess ( its practicalness :5 x has n pati5ce = ^? quiet1 calm exp]i5ces ( pure wor%ip :i* are ! v food ( ! s\l4 ,! cont9uance ( ! ?rone ( ,god is ! idea t n[ lays hold ( ! elegi/ z he turns 8 ?\ghts f ! mis]able sc5es ( ! ru9$ city to ! glory above4 ,?is is br\ght home to 8 consci\sness by ! fleet+ nature ( all ?+s e>?ly4 ,he has exp]i5c$ :at ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews describes z ! remov+ ( ^? ?+s t are %ak51 z ( ?+s t h be5 made1 t ^? ?+s :i* are n %ak5 may rema94#bie ,! ?rone ( ,david has be5 swept away2 b above ! e>?ly wreck ! ?rone ( ,god /&s firm1 all ! m cle>ly visible n[ t ! di/ract+ influ5ce ( ! l[] object has vani%$1 all ! m valuable n[ t no o!r refuge c be f\nd4 ,m5 fall l leaves 9 autumn2 "o g5]ation foll[s ano!r 9 ! swift m>* to dea?2 dyna/ies :i* outlive _m g5]ations h _! day1 to be succe$$ by o!rs ( an equally tempor>y "*2 k+doms rea* _! z5i?1 decl9e & fall4 ,god only rema9s1 et]nal1 un*angeable4 ,8 is ! only ?rone t /&s secure above e revolution4 #bie ,heb4 xii4 #bg4 ,! unwav]+ fai? ( our poet is app>5t at ?is po9t aft] x has be5 tri$ by ! mo/ sev]e te/s4 ,j]usalem has be5 de/roy$1 h] k+ has fall5 into ! h&s ( ! enemy1 h] p h be5 scatt]$2 & yet ! elegi/ has n ! fa9te/ d\bt t h] ,god rema9s & t ,8 ?rone is /eadfa/1 immovable1 ev]la/+4 ,?is fai? reveals a conviction f> 9 advance ( t ( ! surr\nd+ hea!n4 ,! common idea 0 t ! defeat ( a p 0 also ! defeat ( _! gods4 ,if ! national div9ities 7 n ext]m9at$ !y 7 flung d[n f _! ?rones1 & r$uc$ to ! condition ( j9s--demons :o av5g$ !mselves on _! conqu]ors by annoy+ !m :5ev] an opportunity = do+ s arose1 b ) greatly crippl$ res\rces4 ,no su* notion is ev] ent]ta9$ by ! au?or ( ^! poems nor by any ( ! ,hebrew prophets4 ,! fall ( ,israel 9 no way affects ! ?rone ( ,god2 x is ev5 br\ght ab\t by ,8 w2 x c\ld n h occurr$ if ,he _h be5 pleas$ to h9d] x4 ,?us ! poet 0 l$ to f9d 8 hope & refuge 9 ! ?rone ( ,god1 ! circum/ances ( 8 "t concurr+ to turn 8 ?\ghts 9 ?is direction1 s9ce ! disappe>ance ( ! national ?rone1 ! *aos ( ! sack$ city1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( a new gov]nm5t "u ! gall+ yoke ( slaves f ,babylon1 invit$ ! man ( fai? to look above ! %ift+ p[]s ( e>? to ! ev]la/+ supremacy ( heav54 ,?is idea ( ! elegi/ is 9 l9e ) a famili> /ream ( ,hebrew ?\ght1 & 8 v words h _m an e*o 9 ! language ( prophet & psalmi/1 z1 = example1 9 ! =ty-fif? psalm1 :]e we read1 ,?y ?rone1 ,o ,god1 is = ev] & ev]4 ,! gr& ,messianic hope is f\nd$ on ! conviction t ! ultimate e/abli%m5t ( ,god's reign ?r\gh\t ! _w w be ! be/ bless+ imag9able = all mank9d4 ,sometimes ?is is associat$ ) ! adv5t ( a ,div9ely ano9t$ e>?ly mon>* ( ! l9e ( ,david4 ,at o!r times ,god's direct sov]eignty is expect$ to be manife/$ 9 ! ,day ( ! ,"l4 ,! failure ( ! feeble ,z$ekiah seems to h discr$it$ ! national hopes c5tr$ 9 ! royal family4 ,= two g5]ations !y slumb]$1 to be awak5$ 9 connection ) ano!r disappo9t+ desc5dant ( ,david1 ,z]ubbabel1 ! lead] ( ! return4 ,no k+ 0 ev] equal to ! satisfaction ( ^! hopes until ! ,promis$ ,"o appe>$ 9 ! fulness ( ! times1 until ,jesus 0 born into ! _w to come =? z ! ,"l's ,*ri/4 ,mean:ile1 s9ce ! royal h\se is "u a cl\d1 ! ess5tial ,messianic hope turns to ,god alone4 ,he c deliv] ,8 p1 & ,he only4 ,ev5 ap>t f p]sonal hopes ( rescue1 ! v idea ( ! et]nal1 j reign ( ,god above ! transitory ?rones ( m5 is a calm+1 reassur+ ?\ght4 ,x is /range t ?is idea %\ld ev] h lo/ its fasc9ation among ,*ri/ian p1 :o h s mu* m graci\s a revelation ( ,god ?an 0 giv5 to ! ,jews "u ! old cov5ant2 & yet our ,"l's tea*+s conc]n+ ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god h be5 set =? z ! direct anti!sis ( ! ,div9e sov]eignty1 :ile ! latt] has be5 treat$ z a /]n & dreadful function f :i* x 0 natural to %r9k ) fe> & trembl+4 ,b ! tru? is ! two attributes are mutually illu/rative2 = he is a v imp]fect fa!r :o does n rule 8 own h\se1 & he is a v inadequate sov]eign :o does n seek to ex]cise p>5tal functions t[>ds 8 p4 ,accord+ly1 ! gospel ( ,*ri/ is ! gospel ( ! k+dom4 ,?us ! good news decl>$ by ! fir/ evangeli/s 0 to ! effect t ! k+dom ( ,god 0 at h&1 & our ,"l taught u to pray1 ,?y k+dom come4 ,= ,*ri/ians1 at lea/ z mu* z = ,jews1 ! et]nal sov]eignty ( ,god %\ld be a s\rce ( pr(\nd confid5ce1 inspir+ hope & joy4 ,n[ ! elegi/ v5tures to expo/ulate ) ,god on ! gr\nd ( ! et]nity ( ,8 ?rone4 ,god _h n abdicat$1 ?\gh ! e>?ly mon>* _h be5 driv5 f 8 k+dom4 ,! ov]?r[ ( ,z$ekiah _h left ! ?rone ( ,god unt\*$4 ,!n x 0 n ow+ to inability to come to ! aid ( ! suff]+ p t ! et]nal ,k+ did n int]v5e to put an end to _! mis]ies4 ,a long "t _h pass$ s9ce ! siege1 & /ill ! ,jews 7 9 di/ress4 ,x 0 z ?\gh ,god _h =gott5 !m or volunt>ily =sak5 !m4 ,?is is a dilemma to :i* we are (t5 driv54 ,if ,god is almighty c ,he be also all-m]ciful8 ,if :at we knew furni%$ all ! possible data ( ! problem ?is w\ld be inde$ a s]i\s position4 ,b our ignorance sil5ces u4 ,"s h9t ( an explanation is giv5 9 ! next phrase ( ! poet's pray]4 ,god is bes\ght to turn ! p to ,himself4 ,!n !y _h be5 mov+ away f him4 ,x is l ! old popul> ideas ( sunset4 ,p ?\ght ! sun _h =sak5 ! e>?1 :51 9 fact1 _! "p ( ! e>? _h =sak5 ! sun4 ,b if ! wrong is on man's side on man's side mu/ be ! am5dm5t4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is ne$less & unju/ to speculate z to ! cause ( ,god's suppos$ neglect or =getfulness4 ,!re c be no reasonable d\bt t ! language ( ! elegy "h po9ts to a p]sonal & spiritual *ange4 ,we _c wat] x d[n to ! expression ( a desire to be re/or$ to ,pale/9e4 ,nor is x en\gh to take x z a pray] to be re/or$ to ,god's fav\r4 ,! d\ble expression1 ,turn ,?\ u unto ,!e1 ,o ,"l1 & we %all be turn$1 po9ts to a deep] long+1 a long+ = real conv]sion1 ! turn+ r\nd ( ! he>t & life to ,god1 ! return ( ! prodigal to 8 ,fa!r4 ,we ?9k ( ! education ( ! race1 ! developm5t ( mank9d1 ! culture ( ! s\l2 & 9 s ?9k+ we direct our att5tion to important tru?s :i* 7 n s well )9 ! rea* ( our =efa!rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 are we n 9 dang] ( ov]look+ ano!r s]ies ( reflections on :i* !y dwelt m p]si/5tly8 ,x is n ! fact t ! _w is m>*+ /raight on to p]fection 9 an unbrok5 l9e ( evolution4 ,!re are breaks 9 ! progress & long halts1 deviations f ! c\rse & retrograde movem5ts4 ,we err & g a/ray1 & !n cont9uance 9 an evil way does n br+ u out to any position ( advance2 x only plunges u d[n deep] falls ( ru94 ,"u su* circum/ances1 a m radical *ange ?an any?+ progress or education c produce is call$ = if ev] we are ev5 to recov] our lo/ gr\nd1 n to speak ( advanc+ to high] atta9m5ts4 ,9 ! case ( ,israel x 0 cle> t !re c\ld be no hope until ! nation made a complete moral & religi\s revolution4 ,! same necessity lies be=e e s\l t has drift$ into ! wrong way4 ,?is subject has be5 discr$it$ by be+ treat$ too mu* 9 ! ab/ract1 ) too little reg>d = ! actual condition ( m5 & wom54 ,! fir/ "q is1 ,:at is ! t5d5cy ( ! life8 ,if t is away f ,god1 x is ne$less to discuss !ories ( conv]sion2 ! fact is pla9 t 9 ! pres5t in/ance "s conv]sion is ne$$4 ,!re is no reason to reta9 a te*nical t]m1 & p]haps x w\ld be z well to ab&on x if x 7 f\nd to be deg5]at+ into a m]e cant phrase4 ,?is is n a "q ( words4 ,! urg5t necessity is conc]n$ ) ! actual turn+ r\nd ( ! lead+ pursuits ( life4 ,9 ! next place1 x is to be obs]v$ t ! turn+ "h contemplat$ is positive 9 its aims1 n m]ely a flight f ! wrong way4 ,x is n en\gh to ca/ out ! evil _s1 & leave ! h\se swept & g>ni%$1 b )\t a t5ant to take c>e ( x4 ,evil c only be ov]come by good4 ,to turn f s9 to blank vacancy & no?+ness is an impossibility4 ,! great motive mu/ be ! attraction ( a bett] c\rse r ?an revulsion f ! old life4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! prea*+ ( ! gospel ( ,*ri/ succe$s :]e pure appeals to consci5ce fail4 ,by 8 ,s]i\s ,call to ! ,unconv]t$ ,william ,law />t$ a few e>ne/ m5 ?9k+2 b he c\ld n anticipate ! ,me?odi/ revival al?\gh he prep>$ ! way = x4 ,! reason seems to be t appeals to consci5ce are depress+1 necess>ily & rightly s2 b "s *e]+ enc\ragem5t is call$ = if en]gy is to be f\nd = ! trem5d\s ef=t ( turn+ ! :ole life ^u its axle4 ,!re=e x is n ! ?reat ( wra? b ! gospel ( m]cy t leads to :at may be truly call$ conv]sion4 ,!n we may notice1 fur!r1 t ! p>ticul> aim ( ! *ange "h indicat$ is to turn back to ,god4 ,z s9 is =sak+ ,god1 s ! comm5cem5t ( a bett] life mu/ consi/ 9 a return to ,him4 ,b ?is is n to be reg>d$ z a means t[>ds "s o!r end4 ,we mu/ n h ! home-com+ made use ( z a m]e conv5i5ce4 ,x mu/ be an end 9 itself1 & ! *ief end ( ! pray] & ef=t ( ! s\l1 or x c be no?+ at all4 ,x appe>s z su* 9 ! passage n[ "u consid]ation4 ,! elegi/ writes z ?\gh he & ! p :om he repres5ts _h arriv$ at ! conviction t _! supreme ne$ 0 to be br\ght back into ne> & happy relations ) ,god4 ,! hung] = ,god brea!s ?r\gh ^! words4 ,?is is ! true/1 deepe/1 mo/ ,div9e long+ ( ! s\l4 ,:5 once x is awak5$ we may be sure t x w be satisfi$4 ,! hopelessness ( ! condition ( s _m p is n only t !y are e/rang$ f ,god1 b t !y h no desire to be reconcil$ to ,him4 ,!n ! k9dl+ ( ?is desire is itself a great /ep t[>ds ! reconciliation4 ,& yet ! good wi% is n en\gh by itself to atta9 its object4 ,! pray] is = ,god to turn ! p back to ,himself4 ,we see "h ! mutual relations ( ! human & ! ,div9e 9 ! process ( ! recov]y ( s\ls4 ,s long z !re is no will+ness to return to ,god no?+ c be done to =ce t action on ! w&]]4 ,! fir/ necessity1 !re=e1 is to awak5 ! pray] :i* seeks re/oration4 ,b ?is pray] mu/ be = ! action ( ,god4 ,! poet kn[s t x is useless simply to resolve to turn4 ,su* a resolution may be repeat$ a ?\s& times )\t any result foll[+1 because ! fatal poison ( s9 is l a snake bite t p>alyses its victims4 ,?us we read 9 ! ,!ologia ,g]manica1 ,& 9 ?is br++ back & heal+1 ,i c1 or may1 or %all d no?+ ( myself1 b simply yield to ,god1 s t ,he alone may d all ?+s 9 me & "w1 & ,i may suff] ,him & all ,8 "w & ,8 ,div9e w4 ,! real difficulty is n to *ange our own he>ts & lives2 t is impossible4 ,& x is n expect$ ( u4 ,! real difficulty is r to rea* a consci\sness ( our own disability4 ,x takes ! =m ( unwill+ness to tru/ ourselves entirely to ,god = ,him to d = u & 9 u j :atev] ,he w4 ,! poet is p]fectly confid5t t :5 ,god takes ,8 p 9 h& to lead !m r\nd to ,himself ,he w surely d s4 ,if ,he turns !m !y w be turn$4 ,! words sugge/ t previ\s ef=ts _h be5 made f o!r qu>t]s1 & _h fail$4 ,! prophets1 speak+ f ,god1 _h urg$ rep5tance1 b _! words _h be5 ineffectual4 ,x is only :5 ,god und]takes ! "w t !re is any *ance ( success4 ,b !n success is c]ta94 ,?is tru? 0 illu/rat$ 9 ! prea*+ ( ! cross by ,/4 ,paul at ,cor9?1 :]e x 0 f\nd to be ! p[] ( ,god4 ,x is se5 repeat$ly 9 ! fact t ! wor/1 ! olde/1 ! mo/ h>d5$ are br\ght r\nd to a new life by ! miracle ( r$eem+ p[]4 ,h]e9 we h ! root pr9ciple ( ,calv9ism1 ! secret ( ! m>vell\s vig\r ( a sy/em :i*1 at ! fir/ blu% ( x1 w\ld seem to be depress+ r ?an enc\rag+4 ,calv9ism direct$ ! ?\ghts ( its disciples away f self1 & man1 & ! _w1 = ! inspiration ( all life & en]gy4 ,x bade !m confess _! own impot5ce & ,god's almight9ess4 ,all :o c\ld tru/ !mselves to su* a fai? w\ld f9d ! secret ( victory4 ,next1 we see t ! return is to be a r5ewal ( a previ\s condition4 ,! poet prays1 ,r5ew our days z ( old--a phrase :i* sugge/s ! recov]y ( apo/ates4 ,possibly "h we h "s ref]5ce to m ext]nal conditions4 ,!re is a hope t ! prosp]ity ( ! =m] times may be br\ght back4 ,& yet ! previ\s l9e1 :i* is conc]n$ ) ! spiritual return to ,god1 %\ld lead u to take ?is "o also 9 a spiritual s5se4 ,we ?9k ( ,c[p]'s melan*oly regret-- ,:]e is ! bless$ness ,i knew ,:5 fir/ ,i saw ! ,"l8 ,! memory ( a lo/ bless+ makes ! pray] = re/oration ! m int5se4 ,x is ( ,god's exce$+ lov+k9dness t ,8 compassions fail n1 s t ,he does n refuse ano!r opportunity to ^? :o h prov$ fai?less 9 ! pa/4 ,9 "s respects re/oration is m difficult ?an a new beg9n+4 ,! pa/ w n come back4 ,! innoc5ce ( *ildhood1 :5 once x is lo/1 c nev] be re/or$4 ,t fir/1 fre% bloom ( y\? is irrecov]able4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at ! re/oration lacks 9 "o respect may be m ?an made up 9 o!r directions4 ,?\gh ! old p>adise w n be rega9$1 ?\gh x has )]$ long s9ce1 & ! site ( x has become a des]t1 ,god w create new heav5s & a new e>? :i* %all be bett] ?an ! lo/ pa/4 ,& ?is new /ate w be a real r$emption1 a g5u9e recov]y ( :at 0 ess5tial to ! old condition4 ,! vision ( ,god _h be5 enjoy$ 9 ! old1 simple days1 & ?\gh to we>y wat*]s sob]$ by a sad exp]i5ce1 ! vision ( ,god w be re/or$ 9 ! m bless$ future4 ,9 our ,engli% ,bible ! la/ v]se ( ! *apt] reads l a f9al outbur/ ( ! language ( despair4 ,x seems to say t ! pray] is all 9 va91 = ,god has utt]ly =sak5 ,8 p4 ,s x 0 und]/ood by ! ,jewi% critics :o arrang$ to repeat ! previ\s v]se at ! end ( ! *apt] to save ! om51 t ! ,book %\ld n conclude ) s gloomy a ?\ght4 ,b ano!r r5d]+ is n[ g5]ally accept$1 ?\gh our ,revis]s h only plac$ x 9 ! m>g94 ,accord+ to ?is we read1 ,unless ,?\ ha/ utt]ly reject$ u1 etc4 ,!re is /ill a melan*oly tone 9 ! s5t5ce1 z !re is ?r\gh\t ! ,book t x concludes2 b ?is is s(t5$1 & n[ x by no means brea!s ! _s ( despair4 ,turn x r\nd1 & ! phrase w ev5 conta9 an enc\ragem5t4 ,if ,god has n utt]ly reject$ ,8 p assur$ly ,he w att5d to _! pray] to be re/or$ to ,him4 ,b x _c be t ,he has q ca/ !m (f4 ,!n x mu/ be t ,he w respond & turn !m back to ,himself4 ,if our hope is only condition$ by ! "q :e!r ,god has utt]ly =sak5 u x is p]fectly safe1 because ! "o imag9able cause ( %ipwreck c nev] arise4 ,!re is b "o ?+ t might make our tru/ 9 ,god va9 & fruitless2 & t "o ?+ is impossible1 nay1 inconceivable4 ,s wide & deep is our ,fa!r's love1 s firm is ! adamant9e /r5g? ( ,8 et]nal fidelity1 we may be absolutely confid5t t1 ?\gh ! m\nta9s be remov$ & ca/ into ! sea1 & ?\gh ! solid e>? melt away b5ea? our feet1 ,he w /ill abide z ! int]nal ,refuge ( ,8 *ildr51 & !re=e t ,he w nev] fail to welcome all :o seek ,8 grace to help !m return to ,him 9 true p5it5ce & filial tru/4 ,?us we are l$ ev5 by ?is mo/ melan*oly book 9 ! ,bible to see1 z ) eyes purg$ by te>s1 t ! love ( ,god is great] ?an ! sorr[ ( man1 & ,8 r$eem+ p[] m mighty ?an ! s9 :i* lies at ! root ( ! wor/ ( t sorr[1 ! et]nity ( ,8 ?rone1 9 spite ( ! pres5t havoc ( evil 9 ! univ]se1 assur+ u t ! end ( all w be n a m\rnful elegy1 b a pan ( victory4 ,pr9t$ by ,hazell ,watson1 ,v9ey1 ,ld41 ,london & ,aylesbury4 ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 price #gs4 #f;d4 ea* vol4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies1 #ahhg-h4 ,colossians4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,g5esis4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 #a ,samuel4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 #b ,samuel4 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,hebrews4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,t4 ,c4 ,,edw>ds1 ,d4,d4 ,,second ,,s]ies1 #ahhh-i4 ,galatians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,isaiah ,i4-,,xxxix4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,book ( ,revelation4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,,milligan1 ,d4,d4 #a ,cor9?ians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,,alex&]1 ,d4,d4 ,,?ird ,,s]ies1 #ahhi-ij4 ,judges & ,ru?4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,j]emiah4 ,by ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ball1 ,m4,a4 ,isaiah ,,xl4-,,lxvi4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,,monro ,,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,exodus4 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,/4 ,luke4 ,by ,rev4 ,h4 ,,burton1 ,m4,a4 ,,f\r? ,,s]ies1 #ahij-a4 ,ecclesia/es4 ,by ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,cox1 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,jude4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,prov]bs4 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,horton1 ,d4,d4 ,leviticus4 ,by ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,fif? ,,s]ies1 #ahia-b4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 #a & #b ,!ssalonians4 ,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,book ( ,job4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,ephesians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,six? ,,s]ies1 #ahib-c4 #a ,k+s4 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,philippians4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,,ra9y1 ,d4,d4 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,jo%ua4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,rawson ,,lumby1 ,d4,d4 ,,sev5? ,,s]ies1 #ahic-d4 #b ,k+s4 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,romans4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,m\le1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,books ( ,*ronicles4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,b5nett1 ,m4,a4 #b ,cor9?ians4 ,by ,,james ,,d5ney1 ,d4,d4 ,numb]s4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4 ,d4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,eigh? ,,s]ies1 #ahie-f4 ,daniel4 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,! ,book ( ,j]emiah4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,b5nett1 ,m4,a4 ,deut]onomy4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,&rew ,,h>p]1 ,b4,d4 ,! ,song ( ,solomon & ,lam5tations4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,ezekiel4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,john ,,sk9n]1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,m9or ,prophets4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,d4,d4 ,two ,vols4 ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,i4 ,,9 ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible4 ,,ezra1 ,,nehemiah1 ,,& ,,e/h]4 ,fully m]its a place 9 ! excell5t s]ies to :i* x belongs4 ,! lectures conta9$ 9 x are real ',expositions4' ,!re is no padd+ 9 !m1 & ! homiletical elem5t is q subord9ate4 ,mr4 ,ad5ey writes 9 a pleasant1 easy /yle1 & has a clev] way ( arrang+ 8 mat]ial1 :i* s]ves well to su/a9 ! int]e/ & att5tion ( 8 read]4--,gu>dian4 ,! au?or is happy 9 hav+ to deal ) a p]iod ( ! fir/ mom5t 9 ! =tunes ( ,israel & its lit]ature1 & :i* is at ! same "t illum9at$ by ! broad daylight ( v]ifiable hi/ory4 ,a di/9ct m]it ( ,mr4 ,ad5ey's "w is ! realism :i* he has ?r[n into ! great & pa!tic /ory he h&les1 & :i* makes its e /age & incid5t to ?rob ) actuality4--,*ri/ian ,_w4 ,,ii4 ,,9 ,,! ,,!ological ,,educator4 ,,! ,,!ology ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,,cont5ts3--,! ,tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/--,! ,!ology ( ! ,apo/les--,! ,paul9e ,type--,! ,!ology ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews--,! ,johann9e ,type4 ,x is a cle> succ9ct treatise4--,record4 ,z an introduction to ! subject !re is no bett] book ?an ?is4 ,x is ?or\ghly up to date1 s\nd 9 _s & 9 sub/ance1 & well compact$ toge!r4--,me?odi/ ,times4 ,! book ?r\gh\t is an exce$+ly lucid1 compact & in=m+ summ>y1 int]e/+ly writt51 & sure to be ( great use to ! /ud5t4 ,! volume is rem>kable = ! am\nt ( c>efully /udi$ & t]sely put matt] :i* is pack$ into x4--,critical ,review4 ,,london3 ,hodd] ,/\ghton1 #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,pr9cipal ,,fairbairn1 ,d4,d4 ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,!ology4 ,by ,a4,m4 ,,fairbairn1 ,d4,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ,mansfield ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,six? ,edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #abs4 ,8 "w is1 )\t d\bt1 "o ( ! mo/ valuable & compreh5sive contributions to !ology t has be5 made dur+ ?is g5]ation4--,! ,spectator4 ,! volume be=e u is ! mo/ weighty & important :i* he has yet issu$4 ,8 treatises entitl$ ',/udies 9 ! ,life ( ,*ri/' & ',a ,city ( ,god' conta9 mu* great value1 b 9 a s5se !y gave promise ( bett] ?+s to come1 & ?is promise has be5 amply fulfill$ 444 9 ?is v able & le>n$ & altoge!r admirable discussion on ',! ,place ( ,*ri/ 9 ,mod]n ,!ology4-- ,scotsman4 ,a m vivid summ>y ( ,*ur* hi/ory has nev] be5 giv54 ,) its swift *>act]isation ( s*ools & politics1 ) its subtle trac+s ( ! developm5t ( v>i\s t5d5cies ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( _! environm5t1 ( reaction1 & ( polemic2 ) its contra/s ( diff]5t sy/ems1 philosophies1 & races2 ) its portraits ( m52 ) its s5se ( progress & revolt--?is "p ( ,dr4 ,fairbairn's book is no m]e annal1 b drama1 vivid & full ( motion1 repres5tative ( ! volume & sweep ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh ! c5turies4--,speak]4 ,,religion ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life4 ,toge!r ) an ,essay on ! ,*ur* & ! ,work+ ,classes4 ,n9? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,god4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,discussions 9 ,religion4 ,fif? ,edition4 #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,we f9d 9 ! disc\rses :i* =m ?is volume mu* able /atem5t & mu* vigor\s ?\ght1 & an admirable compreh5sion ( ! great que/ions :i* are be+ discuss$ 9 our day ) eag]ness & bat$ brea?4--,scotsman4 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,demy #hvo1 #is4 ,!re is ample room = ,pr(essor ,fairbairn's ?\ghtful & brilliant sket*es4 ,dr4 ,fairbairn's is n ! base rhetoric (t5 employ$ to hide want ( ?\ght or pov]ty ( ?\ght1 b ! noble rhetoric :i* is alive ) ?\ght & imag9ation to its utmo/ & f9e/ extremities4--,expositor4 ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,dr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,dale1 ( ,birm+ham4 ,,fell[%ip ,,) ,,*ri/ ,& o!r ,disc\rses ,deliv]$ on ,special ,occasions4 ,f\r? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,^! are c]ta9ly among ! mo/ massive1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 mo/ impressive s]mons ( ! day4 ,ea* is a sort ( m9iature !ological treatise1 b ! !ology is alive--z x 71 heat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh by ! fires ( a mighty conviction1 :i* has become a passion to conv9ce4444 ,9 ^! s]mons !re is a f9e univ]salism2 !y might be address$ to any audi5ce--academic1 pr(essional1 comm]cial1 artisan4 ,& to he> !m w\ld be to feel t religion is a ?+ to be believ$ & obey$4--,speak]4 ,,! ,,liv+ ,,*ri/ ,,& ,,! ,,f\r ,,gospels4 ,eigh? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,z a man ( culture & eloqu5ce he has put ! case /rongly & well1 & x w n be surpris+ if 8 book1 :i* is n writt51 he tells u1 = ,ma/]s ( ,arts1 b 9 ! fir/ in/ance = memb]s ( 8 own congregation1 & !n = all ord9>y p :o take an int]e/ 9 su* matt]s1 %\ld be ! means ( conv9c+ _m t ! assumptions sometimes made ab\t late orig9 ( ! ,gospels1 etc41 are utt]ly unf\nd$4--,scotsman4 ,,laws ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,= ,,common ,,life4 ,sev5? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 ,s\nd s5se & :olesome ,*ri/ian tea*+ convey$ 9 pure1 idiomatic1 & =cible ,engli%4--,scotsman4 ,a /oreh\se ( wise precepts1 a repository ( lov+ c\nsels--%rewd1 practical1 & fully cognisant ( difficulties & drawbacks2 b in=m$ by su* sympa?y & a s5se ( ,*ri/ian bro!rhood z %\ld d mu* to make x acceptable & effective4--,noncon=mi/4 ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,disc\rses4 ,f\r? ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,l ev]y?+ t ,dr4 ,dale writes1 ^! disc\rses are em95tly ?\ghtful & sugge/ive4 ,ev5 :5 ! topics discuss$ are ?or\ghly famili>1 !re is a fre%ness & orig9ality 9 ! treatm5t ( !m :i* makes ! read] feel t he is well repaid = go+ ov] old gr\nd4 ,9 days su* z ^!1 :5 l\d voices are proclaim+ t ! doctr9es ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity & ,inc>nation are metaphysical subtleties1 'sect>ian' & 'd5om9ational' dogmas1 x is refre%+ to note ! p[] & outspok5 v9dication ( !m :i* is "h set be=e u4--,gu>dian4 ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,dr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,dale 7cont9u$7_/i4 ,,n9e ,,lectures ,,on ,,prea*+4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 ,admirable lectures1 briefly writt51 e>ne/ & practical4--,lit]>y ,*ur*man4 ,dr4 ,dale's lectures are full ( practical wisdom & int5se devotion4--,! ,expositor4 ,,! ,,jewi% ,,temple ,,& ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,disc\rses on ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #fs4 ,:olesom] s]mons ?an ^! x is almo/ impossible to conceive4 ,mr4 ,dale's prea*+ has always be5 rem>kable = moral en]gy & f]v\r1 b "h ?is *>act]i/ic rises to its highe/ p[]4--,expositor4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,its ,doctr9es & ,e?ics4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,! t]se & vigor\s /yle1 ris+ on occasion into a manly & impressive eloqu5ce1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,dale is kn[n to be a ma/]1 gives lucid expression to ?\ght t is precise1 c\rage\s1 & orig9al4--,spectator4 ,,week-,,day ,,s]mons4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #cs1 #f;d4 ,dr4 ,dale is c]ta9ly an admirable tea*] ( ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,he is1 p]haps1 ! greate/ liv+ successor ( ! ,apo/le ,james4 ,9 ?is volume he appe>s at 8 be/4--,*ri/ian4 ,,! ,,t5 ,,comm&m5ts4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #es4 ,full ( ?\ght & vig\r4--,spectator4 ,,impressions ,,( ,,au/ralia4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,dr4 ,dale's articles 444 con/itute "o ( ! mo/ s5sible books ab\t ,au/ralia4444 ,! book is readable1 & inde$ excell5t4-- ,a!num4 ,,! ,,new ,,evangelicalism ,,& ,,! ,,old4 ,clo?1 #as4 ,x has m 9 x ?an _m an elaborate treatise2 x sugge/s by e s5t5ce2 x is ?r\gh\t succ9ct1 pregnant1 ma/]ly4--,briti% ,weekly4 #ej1jjj ,,copies ,,h ,,n[ ,,be5 ,,pr9t$ ,,( ,,dr4 ,,mill]',s ,,sil5t ,,times ,,s]ies4 ,elegantly b\nd1 p>*m5t clo?1 gilt top1 #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,mak+ ,,! ,,mo/ ,,( ,,life4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,mill]1 ,d4,d4 ,six? ,edition4 ,!y conta9 an abundance ( pi?y s5tim5t1 & ! w9n+ mann] 9 :i* x is convey$1 toge!r ) ! t5d]ness ( appeal :i* und]lies all t is said1 rivets att5tion4 ,! _m %ort /ories & episodes :i* give po9t to ! writ]'s obs]vations are introduc$ ) mu* skill & effect4--,rock4 ,,! ,,e-,,day ,,( ,,life4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,ri* 9 sugge/ion & full ( tru?4--,dundee ,adv]tis]4 ,dr4 ,mill] v fitly d$icates 8 new book to '^? :o want to gr[ bett]4' ,by su* 8 pages w be read ) m+l$ delight & pr(it1 = !y are full ( apt quotation1 /rik+ & abundant illu/ration1 & great k ( human nature4--,lit]>y ,_w4 ,,secrets ,,( ,a ,,beautiful ,,life4 ,second ,edition4 ,?is *>m+ & helpful book4--,*ur* ,times4 ,he has a r>e & sympa!tic _s1 he has also _h s+ul>ly wide exp]i5ce 9 ! wants & work+s ( ! human he>t1 & is s+ul>ly gift$ ) ! p[] ( expression & happy illu/ration4--,presbyt]ian4 ,sure to be z successful z its pr$ecessors4--,briti% ,weekly4 ,,sil5t ,,times4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,x ov]fl[s ) useful & sugge/ive c\nsel1 illu/rat$ by apt quotation & /rik+ facts4--,me?odi/ ,times4 ,! cont5ts ( ! book well des]ve _! beautiful sett+4 ,dr4 ,mill] writes bo? sweetly & t5d]ly on a great v>iety ( topics g]mane to ! object he has 9 view4 ',sil5t ,times' des]ves a welcome1 = x is a book ( sunbeams4--,sword & ,tr[el4 ,,week-,,day ,,religion4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,! /yle is lively1 natural1 & po9t$2 ! illu/rations are apt & memorable1 :il/ all ?r\gh !re is app>5t a f9e comb9ation ( spiritual int5sity & ?or\ghness1 ) bread? ( view & sobriety ( judgm5t4--,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,magaz9e4 ,a s]ies ( bright1 s5sible1 t5d]1 & int]e/+ *apt]s on j ! difficulties :i* beset all :o are try+ to be ,*ri/ians e day4--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,l&4 ,by ,,george ,,adam ,,smi?1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew & ,old ,te/am5t ,exegesis1 ,free ,*ur* ,college1 ,glasg[4 ,) ,six ,maps1 specially prep>$4 ,f\r? ,?\s&4 #hvo1 clo?1 #aes4 ,! book is too ri* to summ>ise4444 ,! language is p>ticul>ly well *os54 ,few pages are )\t "s tell+ phrase happily con/ruct$ to attract att5tion & hold ! memory1 & we (t5 feel t ! weal? ( imag]y w\ld be excessive = prose 7 x n t x is *os5 ) su* appropriat5ess & sci5tific tru?4444 ,to ! read] mu* ( ! pleasure ( p]us+ ! volume comes f its luxuri\s typography & ! exquisite s]ies ( orographical maps prep>$ by ,mr4 ,b>?olomew f ! "w ( ! ,survey4 ,^! maps alone are m sugge/ive & enlight5+ ?an _m treatises1 & !y are de/9$1 we tru/1 to enliv5 _m a s]mon & turn ! monotony ( ! records ( ,israeliti% w>s into a ?rill+ romance4--,speak]4 ,,! ,,exhau/ive ,,concordance ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 ,by ! late ,,james ,,/rong1 ,,ll4,d4 #a1hjj v full pages1 9 royal #dto4 ,n[ suppli$ at ! foll[+ net prices3 ,second ,edition4 ,clo?1 #bes4 net2 half-morocco1 #ces4 net4 ,we ?9k ',! ,exhau/ive ,concordance' might be call$ ! ,f9al ,concordance4 ,x is difficult to believe t x w ev] be surpass$4 ,x seems to conta9 ev]y?+ t ! /ud5t c require2 &1 z we c te/ify f a con/ant use ( x = ! la/ few weeks1 x is z accurate z x is complete4 ,x gives fir/ e ^w ( ! text ( ! common ,engli% v]sion1 includ+ ev5 '!' & '&'4 ,!n !re is a full & valuable comp>ative concordance ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,next foll[s a ,hebrew & ,*aldee ,diction>y1 q suffici5t = ord9>y purposes1 &1 9 conclusion1 a ,greek ,diction>y ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?us we h )9 ! cov]s ( a h&y volume a complete app>atus = ,biblical /udy4'--,briti% ,weekly4 ,,london3 ,,hodd] ,,/\ghton1 #bg1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,page #de3 ,a miss+ footnote an*or has be5 ins]t$ aft] union ( ,*ri/ & 8 ,*ur*4 ,page #bfg3 ,footnote #bbd ref]s to ,psalm xx4 #f4 ,?is appe>s to be a pr9t] error :i* has be5 *ang$ to read ,psalm xxxiv4 #f4 ,page #cbd3 444 ,old ,te/am5t times ( to ! passion excit$ by cruelty4 ( has be5 *ang$ to or4 ,m9or typographical errors & inconsi/5cies h be5 sil5tly normaliz$4 ,ar*aic & v>iable spell+s & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$4 ,"o adv]tis+ page has be5 mov$ f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ! book4