,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,worce/] ,art ,museum ,,femme ,,accr\pie by ,,gaugu9 ,mod]n ,pa9t+ ,its ,t5d5cy & ,mean+ ,by ,will>d ,hunt+ton ,wright ,new ,york ,dodd1 ,mead & ,company #aibb ,,copyright1 #aiae ,,by ,,john ,,lane ,,company ,,! ,,plimpton ,,press 4 ,,norwood 4 ,,massa*usetts ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,=eword ,t b5ea? all great art !re has be5 a def9ite animat+ purpose1 a s+le & pr(\nd desire to rea* a specific goal1 has be5 b vaguely s5s$ by ! g5]al public & by ! great majority ( critics4 ,& !re are1 ,i believe1 b v few p]sons n directly & s]i\sly conc]n$ ) ! production ( pictures1 :o realise t ?is animat+ purpose has = its aim ! solution ( ! pr(\nde/ problems ( ! creative w1 t x is root$ deeply 9 ! ae/hetic consci\sness1 & t its evolution m>ks "o ( ! mo/ complex phases ( human psy*ology4 ,! habit ( approa*+ a "w ( art f ! naif /&po9t ( "o's p]sonal temp]am5t or ta/e & ( judg+ x haphaz>dly by its individual appeal1 irrespective ( its inh]5t ae/hetic m]it1 is s /rongly implant$ 9 ! av]age spectator1 t any attempt to def9e ! pr9ciples ( =m & organisation und]ly+ ! et]nal values ( art is look$ ^u z an act ( gratuit\s p$antry4 ,b su* pr9ciples exi/1 & if we are to judge works ( art accurately & consi/5tly ^! pr9ciples mu/ be ma/]$4 ,o!rwise we are )\t a /&>d1 & all our op9ions are b ! outgr[? ( ! *aos ( our moods4 ,any attempt to democratise art results only 9 ! l[]+ ( ! arti/ic /&>d4 ,art _c be taught2 & a true appreciation ( x _c gr[ up )\t a complete und]/&+ ( ! ae/hetic laws gov]n+ x4 ,^? qualities 9 pa9t+ by :i* x is ord9>ily judg$ are = ! mo/ "p irrelevancies f ! /&po9t ( pure ae/hetics4 ,!y h z little to d ) a picture's infix$ greatness z ! punctuation 9 ,fau/ or ! words ( ! ,hymn to ,joy 9 ! ,n9? ,symphony4 ,small wond] t mod]n art has become a copi\s f\nta9-head ( abuse & laught]2 = mod]n art t5ds t[>d ! elim9ation ( all ^? accretions s belov$ by ! g5]al--lit]ature1 drama1 s5tim5t1 symbolism1 anecdote1 prett9ess & photographic realism4 ,?is book inquires fir/ into ! function & psy*ology ( all great art1 & endeav\rs to def9e ^? elem5ts :i* make = g5u9e wor? 9 pa9t+4 ,next x attempts to expla9 bo? ! basic & sup]ficial diff]5ces betwe5 anci5t & mod]n art & to po9t out1 z m9utely z space w p]mit1 ! sup]iority ( ! new me?ods ov] ! old4 ,by ?is exposition an ef=t is made to indicate ! raison d'etre ( ! mod]n proc$ure4 ,aft] t1 mod]n pa9t]s are tak5 up 9 ! ord] ( _! importance to ! evolution ( pa9t+ dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,i h tri$ to answ] ! foll[+ que/ions3 ,:at m5 & movem5ts m>k ! mile/ones 9 ! developm5t ( ! new idea8 ,:at h be5 ! motivat+ =ces ( ea* ( ^! s*ools8 ,to :at ext5t are _! innovations significant3 :at ones t\* organically on ! vital problems ( ae/hetics2 & :at 0 _! influ5ce on ! m5 :o came lat]8 ,out ( :at did ! individual m5 spr+2 :at =ces & circum/ances came toge!r to make _! exi/5ce possible8 ,:at 7 _! aims1 & :at 7 _! actual a*ievem5ts8 ,:at relation did !y be> to "o ano!r1 & 9 :at way did !y advance on "o ano!r8 ,:]e has mod]n art l$1 & :at inspirational possibilities lie be=e x8 ,be=e sett+ out to solve ^! problems1 all ( :i* h _! roots 9 ! v organisms ( ! sci5ce ( ae/hetics1 ,i h pos$ a def9ite rationale ( valuation4 ,my pr9ciples are bas$ on ! quick5+ ideals ( all great art1 &1 if prop]ly und]/ood1 ,i believe1 !y w answ] e "q :i* arises 9 ! intellig5t spectator :5 he /&s be=e a piece ( visual art1 be x a ,byzant9e mosaic1 a complicat$ organisation by ,rub5s1 a l9e> arrangem5t by ,picasso or an utt]ly wor?less anecdote 9 pa9t by an ,engli% academician4 ,necess>ily preoccupi$ ) ! application ( my critical /&>d1 ,i h _h b little "t & space to devote to its elucidation4 ,yet ,i h /riv5 9 ?is indirect process ( /atem5t to make my fundam5tal po/ulate suffici5tly cle> to enable ! read] to recognise its tru? & unity4 ,two ye>s ago :5 ,i cr[d$ my hypo!sis into #gjjj words 9 ! ,=um1 & e>ly la/ w9t] :5 ,i /at$ x 9 ev5 brief] space 9 ! ,new ,age1 ,i f\nd t1 al?\gh x took a new & difficult /&1 !re 7 _m :o grasp$ its ess5tials4 ,!re=e ,i feel myself entitl$ to hope t 9 its pres5t =m x w be compreh5sible ev5 to ^? ^: m9ds are n tra9$ 9 ! complexities ( ae/hetic rese>*4 ,9 /ripp+ art ( its intrigu+ *>m & its soo?+ vagu5ess x is n my int5tion to d away ) its p[] to delight4 ,to ! contr>y1 ,i believe t only by reliev+ pa9t+ ( its dead c>go ( lit]ature1 ar*aeology & illu/ration c x be made to function freely4 ,pa9t+ %\ld be z pure an art z music1 & ! /ruggles ( all great pa9t]s h be5 t[>d t goal4 ,its m$ium--col\r--is z elem5tal z s\nd1 & :5 prop]ly pres5t$ 7) ! same sci5tific exactness z ! h>monies ( ! tone-gamut7 x is fully z capable ( eng5d]+ ae/hetic emotion z is music4 ,our delight 9 music1 no matt] h[ primitive1 is n dep5d5t on an imitation ( natural s\nds4 ,music's pleasurable significance is prim>ily intellectual4 ,s c pa9t+1 by its p[] to create emotion & n m]e s5sation1 provoke deep ae/hetic feel+ ( a f> great] int5sity ?an ! delight d]iv$ f transcription & drama4 ,mod]n pa9t+ /rives t[>d ! height5+ ( emotional ec/asy2 & my e/hetique is int5d$ to pave ! way = an appreciation ( art :i* w make possible ! reception ( t ec/asy4 ,) ?is object ev] 9 view ,i h weigh$ ! pa9t+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 & h judg$ x solely by its ability or inability to call =? a pr(\nd ae/hetic emotion4 ,almo/ any art c ar\se pleas+ s5tim5ts4 ,only great art c give u intellectual rapture4 ,w4 ,h4 ,w4 ,p>is1 #aiae ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,art #ag ,,ii4 ,,precursors ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,era #cd ,,iii4 ,,ed\>d ,,manet #fd ,,iv4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,impressioni/s #hc ,v4 ,,augu/e ,,r5oir #ajg ,,vi4 ,,paul ,,cezanne #abi ,,vii4 ,,! ,,neo-,,impressioni/s #afd ,,viii4 ,,gaugu9 ,,& ,,! ,,pont-,,av5 ,,s*ool #ahg ,,ix4 ,,degas ,,& ,,8 ,,circle #bjg ,x4 ,,h5ri-,,matisse #bbb ,,xi4 ,,picasso ,,& ,,cubism #bcg ,,xii4 ,,futurism #bfc ,,xiii4 ,,syn*romism #bgg ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,less] ,,mod]ns #cje ,,xv4 ,,conclusion #cbg ,,index #cdc ,,reproductions ,femme ,accr\pie 7,gaugu97 ,frontispiece ,les ,femmes d',alg] dans ,leur ,app>tem5t 7,delacroix7 ,fac+ page #ch ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans 7,c\rbet7 #ed ,le ,ba9 7,daumi]7 #fj ,le ,dejeun] sur l',h]be 7,manet7 #gh ,wat]loo ,bridge 7,monet7 #ih ,paysage 7,guillaum97 #ajd ,le ,dejeun] des ,canoti]s 7,r5oir7 #aad ,baigneuses1 #ahhe 7,r5oir7 #abf ,baigneuses1 #aijb 7,r5oir7 #abf ,baigneuses 7,cezanne7 #ach ,pommes sur une ,table 7,cezanne7 #aef ,les ,t\rs ,v]tes a la ,ro*elle 7,signac7 #agd ,un ,diman*e a la ,gr&e-,jatte 7,seurat7 #ahj ,portrait de l',arti/e 7,van ,gogh7 #ahd ,deux ,tahiti5s 7,gaugu97 #bjd ,danseuses a ,leur ,toilette 7,degas7 #bab ,baigneuses 7,h5ri-,matisse7 #bbf ,portrait de ,famille 7,h5ri-,matisse7 #bcd ,femme a la ,m&ol9e 7,picasso7 #bdf ,fumeur et ,paysage 7,leg]7 #bef ,dynamisme d'une ,auto 7,russolo7 #bfh ,hi]oglyphe ,dynamique du ,bal ,tab>9 7,sev]9i7 #bgd ,syn*romie ,cosmique 7,morgan ,russell7 #bid ,composition ,no4 #b 7,k&9sky7 #caj ,le ,j>d9 7,bonn>d7 #cah ,mod]n ,pa9t+ ,i ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,art ,?r\gh\t ! entire hi/ory ( ! f9e arts1 no p]iod ( ae/hetic innovation & endeav\r has suff]$ f public malignity1 ridicule & ignorance z has pa9t+ dur+ ! la/ c5tury4 ,! reasons = ?is are _m &1 to ! s]i\s /ud5t ( art hi/ory1 obvi\s4 ,! *ange betwe5 ! old & ! new ord] came swiftly & precipit\sly1 l a cataclysm 9 ! s]5ity ( a summ] night4 ,! classic pa9t]s ( ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 su* z ,david1 ,+res1 ,gros & ,g]>d1 7 busy ) _! rehabilitation ( anci5t traditions1 :5 )\t w>n+1 save = ! pale h]esies ( ,con/able1 a new & rigor\s regime 0 u%]$ 94 ,x 0 ,turn]1 ,delacroix1 ,c\rbet & ,daumi] :o ent]$ ! sacr$ temple1 tore d[n ! pill>s :i* _h support$ x = c5turies1 & br\ght ! entire /ructure ( e/abli%$ values cra%+ d[n ab\t !m4 ,!y surviv$ ! debacle1 & :5 ev5tually !y laid aside _! bru%es = all "t x 0 ) ! unassailable k t !y _h accompli%$ ! greate/ & mo/ significant metamorphosis 9 ! hi/ory ( any art4 ,b ev5 ^! h>dy an>*i/s ( ! new ord] little dream$ ( ! extremes to :i* _! h]esies w\ld lead4 ,s precipit\s & complex has be5 ! evolution ( mod]n pa9t+ t mo/ ( ! mo/ revolution>y mod]ns h fail$ to keep m5tal /ep ) its developm5ts & divagations4 ,dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s new modes & mann]s 9 art h sprung up ) fungus-l rapidity4 ,movem5ts & s*ools h foll[$ "o ano!r ) a/\nd+ p]t9acity1 ea* claim+ t f9ality ( expression :i* is ! aim ( all seek]s = tru?4 ,&1 ) b few exceptions1 ! m5 :o h in/igat$ ^! innovations h be5 animat$ by a s]i\s purpose--t ( ma/]+ ! problem ( ae/hetic organisation & ( circumscrib+ ! "o means = obta9+ ultimate & inde/ructible results4 ,b ! problems ( art1 l ^? ( life itself1 are 9 ! ma9 unsolvable1 & art mu/ ev] be an inf9ite se>* = ! intractable4 ,=m 9 pa9t+1 l ! et]nal readju/m5ts & equilibria ( life1 is b an approximation to /ability4 ,! =ces 9 all art are ! =ces ( life1 co-ord9at$ & organis$4 ,no pla/ic =m c exi/ )\t rhy?m3 n rhy?m 9 ! sup]ficial h>monic s5se1 b ! rhy?m :i* und]lies ! great fluctuat+ & equalis+ =ces ( mat]ial exi/5ce4 ,su* rhy?m is symmetry 9 movem5t4 ,on x all =m1 bo? 9 art & life1 is f\nd$4 ,=m 9 its arti/ic s5se has f\r int]pretations4 ,fir/1 x exhibits itself z %all[ imitation ( ! surface aspects ( nature1 z 9 ! "w ( su* m5 z ,s>g5t1 ,sorolla & ,simon4 ,secondly1 x conta9s qualities ( solidity & compet5t con/ruction su* are z f\nd 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,velazquez1 ,hog>? & ,degas4 ,?irdly1 x is a consummate portrayal ( objects into :i* arbitr>y arrangem5t has be5 introduc$ = ! acc5tuation ( volume4 ,raphael1 ,p\ss9 & ,goya exemplify ?is expression ( x4 ,la/1 =m reveals itself1 n z an objective ?+1 b z an ab/ract ph5om5on capable ( giv+ ! s5sation ( palpability4 ,all great art falls "u ?is f9al int]pretation4 ,b =m1 to express itself ae/hetically1 mu/ be compos$2 & "h we t\* ! controll+ basis ( all art3--organisation4 ,organisation is ! use put to =m = ! production ( rhy?m4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ?is process is ! con/ruction ( l9e1 l9e be+ ! direction tak5 by "o or m =ms4 ,9 purely decorative rhy?m ! l9es fl[ h>moni\sly f side to side & f top to bottom on a giv5 surface4 ,9 ! greate/ art ! l9es are b5t =w>d & backw>d z well z lat]ally s t1 by _! ori5tation 9 dep?1 an impression ( pr(undity is add$ to t ( height & bread?4 ,?us ! simple image ( decoration is de/roy$1 & a microcosmos is creat$ 9 its place4 ,rhy?m !n becomes ! inevitable adju/m5t ( approa*+ & rec$+ l9es1 s t !y w reproduce ! placem5ts & displacem5ts to be f\nd 9 ! human body :5 9 motion4 ,to und]/&1 & h5ce fully to appreciate1 a pa9t+1 we mu/ be able to recognise its inh]5t qualities by ! process ( intellectual reason+4 ,by ?is is n impli$ me*anical or sci5tific obs]vation4 ,7 ?is necess>y1 art w\ld resolve itself into a provable !ory & w\ld produce 9 u only su* m5tal pleasure z we feel be=e a p]fect piece ( intricate ma*9]y4 ,b once we compreh5d ^? con/itutional qualities :i* p]vade all great works ( art1 pla/ic & graphic1 ! s5su\s emotion w foll[ s rapidly z to give ! effect ( spontaneity4 ,?is process ( consci\s obs]vation 9 "t becomes automatic & ex]ts itself on e "w ( art we inspect4 ,once adju/$ to an assimilation ( ! rhy?mic compositions ( ,el ,greco & ,rub5s1 we h become susceptible to ! tactile s5sation ( =m 9 all pa9t+4 ,& ?is subjective emotion is ke5] ?an ! sup]ficial s5sation ar\s$ by ! prett9ess ( design1 ! n>rative ( subject-matt]1 or ! quasi-realities ( transcription4 ,m & m z we proximate to a true und]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( art1 %all we react to ^? deep] & l>g] qualities 9 a pa9t+ :i* are n to be f\nd 9 its docum5t>y & te*nical side4 ,also our conc]n ) ! transi5t s5tim5ts eng5d]$ by a picture's ext]nal aspects w become less & less significant4 ,te*nique1 dramatic feel+1 subject1 & ev5 accuracy ( draw+1 w be relegat$ to ! subsidi>y & comp>atively unimportant position !y hold 9 relation to a pa9t+'s ae/hetic purpose4 ,! lack ( compreh5sion--& consequ5tly ! ridicule--:i* has met ! ef=ts ( mod]n pa9t]s1 is attributable n alone to a misund]/&+ ( _! seem+ly = extravagant & ecc5tric mann]isms1 b to an ignorance ( ! basic po/ulates ( all great art bo? anci5t & mod]n4 ,pro( ( ?is is af=d$ by ! con/ant /atem5ts ( pref]5ce = ! lea/ effectual ( old] pa9t]s ov] ! greate/ ( ! mod]ns4 ,^! pref]5ces1 if !y are symptomatic ( aught save ! m]e habit ( a m9d imm]s$ 9 tradition1 indicate an immaturity ( arti/ic judgm5t :i* places prett9ess above beauty1 & s5tim5tality & docum5t>y int]e/ above subjectivity ( emotion4 ,! fallacies ( su* judgm5t c be/ be indicat$ by a p>allel consid]ation ( pa9t]s widely sep>at$ z to m]it1 b 9 :om ^! diff]5t qualities are f\nd4 ,= in/ance1 ! prett9ess ( ,reynolds1 ,greuze & ,murillo is z m>k$ z ! prett9ess ( ,titian1 ,giorgione & ,r5oir4 ,! latt] are by f> ! great] arti/s2 yet1 _h we no o!r critical /&>d save t ( *>m1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! o!rs w\ld be indi/+ui%able4 ,zuloaga1 ,:i/l]1 ,botticelli & ,boeckl9 are z inspirational ( s5tim5t z ,t9toretto1 ,corot1 ,raphael & ,p\ss92 b by no au!ntic crit]ion are !y z great pa9t]s4 ,aga91 7 drama & simple n>rative ae/hetic consid]ations1 ,regnault1 ,brangwyn1 & ,anton9o ,mol9]i w\ld rank ) ,val]io ,ca/ello1 ,rub5s & ,rib]a4 ,9 "o's failure to di/+ui% betwe5 ! app>5t & ! organic purposes ( art lies ! greate/ ob/acle to an appreciation ( :at has come to be call$ mod]n pa9t+4 ,! tru?s ( mod]n art are no diff]5t f ^? ( anci5t art4 ,a ,cezanne l&scape is n dissimil> 9 aim to an ,el ,greco4 ,! "o is m]ely m advanc$ z to me?ods ?an ! o!r4 ,nor d ! canvases ( ! mo/ ultra-mod]n s*ools /rive t[>d an ae/hetic manife/ation radically unlike t aspir$ to 9 ,mi*elangelo's ,slaves4 ,s]i\s mod]n art1 despite its (t5 =midable & biz>re appe>ance1 is only a /riv+ to rehabilitate ! natural & unalt]able pr9ciples ( rhy?mic =m to be f\nd 9 ! old ma/]s1 & to translate !m into relative & m compreh5sive t]ms4 ,we h ! same animat+ ideal 9 ! pictures ( ,giotto & ,matisse1 ,rembr&t & ,r5oir1 ,botticelli & ,gaugu91 ,watteau & ,picasso1 ,p\ss9 & ,friesz1 ,raphael & ,sev]9i4 ,! lat] m5 diff] f _! antec$5ts 9 t !y apply new & m vital me?ods to _! "w4 ,mod]n art is ! logical & natural outgr[? ( anci5t art2 x is ! art ( ye/]day height5$ & int5sifi$ z ! result ( sy/ematic & pa9/ak+ exp]im5tation 9 ! m$ia ( expression4 ,! se>* = composition--t is1 = p]fectly pois$ =m 9 ?ree dim5sions--has be5 ! impell+ dictate ( all great art4 ,giotto1 ,el ,greco1 ,masaccio1 ,t9toretto & ,rub5s1 ! greate/ ( all ! old pa9t]s1 /rove cont9ually to atta9 =m z an ab/ract emotional =ce4 ,) !m ! organisation ( volumes came fir/4 ,! picture 0 compos$ z to l9e4 ,out ( ?is grew ! subject-matt]--a demon/ration a po/]iori4 ,! human figure & ! recognisable natural object 7 only auxili>ies1 nev] ! s\ght-= result4 ,9 all ?is !y 7 inh]5tly mod]n1 z t ^w %\ld be und]/ood2 = ! new conception ( art /rives m & m = ! emotion r ?an ! appe>ance ( reality4 ,! objects1 :e!r arbitr>y or photographic1 :i* an arti/ uses 9 a picture are only ! mat]ial ?r\gh :i* pla/ic =m f9ds expression4 ,!y are ! means1 n ! end4 ,if 9 ! works ( truly significant art !re is a dramatic1 n>rative or illu/rative int]e/1 x w be f\nd to be ! incid5tal & n ! important concomitant ( ! picture4 ,!re=e x is n rem>kable t1 ) ! introduction ( new me?ods1 ! illu/rative side ( pa9t+ %\ld t5d t[>d m9imisation4 ,! elim9ation ( all ! sup]fluities f art is b a "p ( ! /riv+ t[>d defecation4 ,s9ce ! true te/ ( pa9t+ lies 9 its subjective p[]1 mod]n arti/s h s\ght to divorce _! "w f all consid]ations o!r ?an ^? directly alli$ to its prim>y function4 ,?is process ( sep>ation advanc$ h& 9 h& ) ! evolution ( new me?ods4 ,fir/ x took ! =m ( ! di/ortion ( natural objects4 ,! accid5tal %ape ( trees1 hills1 h\ses & ev5 human figures 0 alt]$ 9 ord] to draw !m into ! exact =m dem&$ by ! picture's composition4 ,gradually1 by ! con/ant practice ( ?is falsification1 objects became almo/ unrecognisable4 ,9 ! end ! illu/rative ob/acle 0 entirely done away )4 ,?is 0 ! logical outcome ( ! /]ilis+ mod]n process4 ,to judge a picture compet5tly1 "o mu/ n consid] x z a m]e depiction ( life or z an anecdote3 "o mu/ br+ to x an intellig5ce capable ( grasp+ a complicat$ c\nt]po9t4 ,! attitude ( ev5 su* m5 z ,cele/i1 ,zan*i1 ,padovan9o & ,bononi is nev] t ( an illu/rator1 9 no matt] h[ sublimat$ a s5se1 b ( a compos] ^: aim is to create a polymorphic conception ) ! recognisable mat]ials at h&4 ,7 art to be judg$ f ! pictorial & reali/ic viewpo9t we might f9d _m meticul\s craftsm5 ( z high an objective effici5cy z 7 ! m5 :o /ood at ! apex ( g5u9e arti/ic wor?--t is1 craftsm5 :o arriv$ at z close & exact a transcription ( nature1 :o int]pret$ curr5t moods & m5tal aspects z accurately1 & :o set =? sup]ficial emotions z dramatically4 ,velazquez's ,philip ,,iv1 ,titian's ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 ,holbe9's ,! ,ambassadors1 ,gu>di's ,! ,gr& ,canal--,v5ice1 ,mantegna's ,! ,dead ,*ri/ & ,du]]'s ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom5 reproduce _! subjects ) z mu* pa9/ak+ exactitude z d ,el ,greco's ,! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/1 ,giotto's ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 ,masaccio's ,sa9t ,pet] ,baptis+ ! ,pagans1 ,t9toretto's ,! ,miracle ( ,sa9t ,m>k1 ,mi*elangelo's ,creation ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 & ,rub5s's ,! ,e>l & ,c\ntess ( ,arundel4 ,b ^! latt] pictures are important = o!r ?an pictorial reasons4 ,prim>ily !y are organisations1 & z su* !y are ( ae/hetic value4 ,only second>ily are !y to be apprais$ z repres5tations ( natural objects4 ,9 ! pictures ( ! =m] li/ !re is no syn!tic co-ord9ation ( tactile =ms4 ,su* pa9t+s repres5t m]ely subject-matt] treat$ capably & effectively4 ,z %e] pa9t+ f ! artisan's /&po9t !y are among ! f9e/ examples ( te*nical dext]ity 9 art hi/ory4 ,b z contributions to ! developm5t ( a pure art =m !y are valueless4 ,9 /at+ t ! mod]ns h *ang$ ! quality & n ! nature ( art1 !re is no implication t 9 _m in/ances ! great m5 ( ! pa/1 ev5 ) limit$ means1 h n surpass$ 9 arti/ic a*ievem5t ! m5 ( today :o h at h& m ext5sive means4 ,great organis]s ( pla/ic =m h1 because ( _! trem5d\s p[]1 done ) small means m ma/]ly "w ?an less] m5 ) l>ge means4 ,= in/ance1 ,goya z an arti/ surpasses ,manet1 & ,rembr&t transc5ds ,daumi]4 ,?is pr9ciple holds true 9 all ! arts4 ,balzac1 ignorant ( mod]n lit]>y me?ods1 is great] ?an ,george ,moore1 a ma/] ( mod]n means4 ,& ,bee?ov5 /ill rema9s ! colossal figure 9 music1 despite ! va/ly increas$ mod]n scope ( ,ri*>d ,/rauss's me?ods4 ,me?ods are useless )\t ! creative w4 ,b grant+ ?is po9t 7:i* unconsci\sly is ! /umbl+ block ( ne>ly all mod]n art critics71 new & full] means1 ev5 9 ! h&s ( inf]ior m51 are n ! prop] subject = ridicule4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! division betwe5 old & mod]n art is n an equal "o4 ,mod]n art began ) ,delacroix less ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :ile art up to t "t _h _m c5turies 9 :i* to p]fect ! possibilities ( its res\rces4 ,! new me?ods are s "y t pa9t]s h n _h "t to acquire t ma/]y ( mat]ial )\t :i* ! highe/ a*ievem5t is impossible4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ praisewor?y mod]n art we are consci\s ( t intellectual /riv+ 9 ! h&l+ ( new tools :i* is ! appanage ( immaturity4 ,r5oir1 ! greate/ expon5t ( ,impressioni/ic means1 f\nd 8 arti/ic /ride only 9 8 old age1 aft] a long & ardu\s life ( /udy & exp]im5t+4 ,8 canvases s9ce #aije are ! fir/ 9 :i* we feel ! flu5cy & p[] :i* come only aft] a sl[ & s$ul\s process ( osmosis4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 8 e>ly & popul> ,le ,m\l9 de la ,galette ) 8 lat] portraits1 su* z ,madame ,t4 et ,son ,fils & ,la ,fillette a l',orange1 & 8 gr[? is at once app>5t4 ,! evolution ( means is answ]able to ! same laws z ! progressus 9 any o!r l9e ( human endeav\r4 ,! greate/ arti/s are always culm9ations ( long l9es ( exp]im5tations4 ,9 ?is !y are eclectic4 ,! organisation ( obs]vation is 9 itself too absorb+ a lab\r to p]mit ( a free ex]cise ( ! w to p[]4 ,! bl9d+ bur/ ( g5ius at ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance 0 ! break+ =? ( ! accru$ p[] ( g5]ations4 ,mod]n art1 hav+ no tradition ( means1 has sapp$ & disp]s$ ! vitality ( its expon5ts by impos+ ^u !m ! necessity = empirical rese>*4 ,x is = ?is reason t we h no m5 9 mod]n art :o approximate z closely to p]fection z did _m ( ! old] pa9t]s4 ,b _h ,rub5s1 ) 8 colossal vision1 _h access to mod]n me?ods 8 "w w\ld h be5 m p[]ful 9 its int5sity & m f>-rea*+ 9 its scope4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! brief p]iod ( mod]n art two decid$ epo*s h be5 br\ght to a close ?r\gh ?is accumulation & eruption ( exp]im5tal activities 9 individuals4 ,cezanne br\ght to a focus ! div]g5t rays ( 8 pr$ecessors & incorporat$ into 8 canvases bo? ! aspirations & a*ievem5ts ( ! art :i* _h prec$$ him4 ,?is w\ld h be5 impossible _h he be5 born--ev5 ) an equally great tal5t--fifty ye>s be=e4 ,& a m rec5t s*ool ( art1 by mak+ use ( ! a*ievem5ts ( bo? ,cezanne & ,mi*elangelo1 & by add+ to !m new discov]ies 9 ! dynamics ( col\r1 has op5$ up a new vi/a ( possibilities 9 ! express+ ( =m4 ,?is /ep also w\ld h be5 impossible )\t ,cezanne & ! m5 :o came be=e & aft] him4 ,once ^! new modes1 :i* are indicative ( mod]n art1 become und]/ood & pass into ! common prop]ty ( ! y\ng] m51 we %all h a*ievem5t :i* w be z complete z ! ma/]pieces ( old1 & :i* w1 9 addition1 be m poignant4 ,al?\gh ! me?ods ( ! old] pa9t]s 7 m re/rict$ ?an ^? ( ! mod]ns1 ! actual mat]ials at _! disposal 7 fully z ext5d$ z ours ( today4 ,b k conc]n+ !m 0 incomplete4 ,z a consequ5ce1 all arti/s antec$5t to ,delacroix f\nd expression only 9 ^? qualities :i* are susceptible ( reproduction 9 black & :ite4 ,9 _m cases ! sacrifice ( col\r enhances ! intr9sic m]it ( su* reproductions1 = (t5 ! *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t col\rs oppose ! purposes ( a picture's planes4 ,today we "k t c]ta9 col\rs are opaque1 o!rs transp>5t2 "s approa* ! eye1 o!rs rec$e4 ,b ! anci5ts 7 ignorant ( ^! ?+s1 & _! canvases conta9$ _m contradictions3 !re 0 a cont9u\s w>r+ betwe5 l9e> composition & col\r values4 ,!y pa9t$ solids violet1 & transpicu\s planes yell[--!reby unconsci\sly defeat+ _! own ends1 = violet is limpid1 & yell[ tangible4 ,9 "o-tone reproductions su* inconsi/5cies are elim9at$1 & ! signification ( ! picture !reby cl>ifi$4 ,x 0 ,rub5s :o embodi$ ! def9$ attributes ( anci5t art 9 _! highe/ degree ( pliability1 & :o c>ri$ ! impulse t[>d creation to a po9t ( complexity unatta9$ by any o!r ( ! old] m54 ,9 him we see ! culm9ation ( ! evolution ( l9e> developm5t ( light & d>k4 ,f 8 "t to ! accession ( ! mod]ns ! ability to organise 0 on ! decrease4 ,!re 0 a weak5+ ( p]ception1 a decl9e ( ! ae/hetic faculty4 ,! *aotic condition ( ?is p]iod 0 l ! d>kness :i* always broods ov] ! _w be=e "s cleans+ =ce sweeps x clean & u%]s 9 a new & great] cycle4 ,! p]iod ( advancem5t ( ^! old me?ods ext5ds f prehi/oric times to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,on ! walls ( ! cav]ns 9 ,altamira & ! ,dordogne are draw+s ( mammo?s1 horses & bison 9 :i*1 despite ! abs5ce ( details1 ! actual approa* to nature is at times m sure & ma/]ly ?an 9 ! pa9t+s ( su* highly cultur$ m5 z ,botticelli & ,pisanello4 ,! action 9 "s ( !m is pron\nc$2 & ! vision1 :ile simple1 is t ( m5 consci\s ( a ne$ = compactness & balance4 ,"h ! art is simply "o ( outl9e1 heavy & prom95t at times1 light & almo/ indi/+ui%able at o!rs2 b ?is grad+ ( l9e 0 ! result ( a deep] cause ?an a tool slipp+ or refus+ to m>k4 ,x 0 ! consequ5ce ( a ne$ = rhy?m :i* c\ld be obta9$ only by ! acc5tuation ( p>ts4 ,! draw+s 7 g5]ally s+le figures1 & r>ely 7 m ?an two conceiv$ z an insep>able design4 ,lat]1 ! e>ly primitives us$ symmetrical gr\p+s = ! same purpose ( int]ior decorat+4 ,!n came simple balance1 ! %ift+ & disguise ( symmetry1 & ) x a ne>] approa* to ! imprevu ( nature4 ,?is /yle 0 employ$ = _m g5]ations until ! great /ep 0 tak5 :i* br\ght ab\t ! ,r5aissance4 ,! sequ5tial aspect ( l9e appe>$1 p]mitt+ ( rhy?m & dem&+ organisation4 ,cimabue & ,giotto 7 ! mo/ prom95t expon5ts ( ?is advance4 ,f t "t =w>d ! emotion d]iv$ f actual =m 0 look$ ^u by arti/s z a necess>y adjunct to a picture4 ,) ?is attitude came ! ari/ocracy ( vision & ! abrogation ( pa9t+ z m]e exalt$ craftsman%ip4 ,aft] t ! evolution ( art 0 rapid4 ,9 ! contemplation ( solidly & ju/ly pa9t$ figures ! arti/ began to ext5d 8 m9d into space & to use rhy?m ( l9e t he might express himself 9 dep? z well z surfacely4 ,?us he preconis$ organisation 9 ?ree dim5sions1 & by s do+ op5$ ! door on an inf9ity ( ae/hetic ramifications4 ,f ! beg9n+1 tone balance--t is1 ! agreeable di/ribution ( blacks1 :ites & greys--_h gone =w>d ) ! developm5t ( l9e1 s t at ! adv5t ( dep? 9 pa9t+ ! arrangem5t ( tones became ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* all ! o!r qualities 7 made manife/4 ,9 ! /rict s5se1 ! art ( pa9t+ up to a hundr$ ye>s ago _h be5 only draw+4 ,col\r 0 us$ only = ornam5tal or dramatic purposes4 ,aft] ! fir/ simple copy+ ( nature's t9ts 9 a :olly re/rict$ mann]1 ! use ( col\r advanc$ b little4 ,x progress$ t[>d h>mony1 b its dramatic possibilities 7 only dimly felt4 ,consequ5tly its primitive employm5t = ! enhancem5t ( ! decorative side ( pa9t+ 0 adh]$ to4 ,?is 0 n because ! old] pa9t]s 7 )\t ! necess>y pigm5ts4 ,_! col\rs 9 _m in/ances 7 bright] & m p]man5t ?an ours4 ,b !y 7 satisfi$ ) ! effects obta9$ f black & :ite expression4 ,!y look$ ^u col\r z a delicacy1 an accessory1 some?+ to be tak5 z ! g\rmet takes dess]t4 ,its true significance 0 ?us obscur$ b5ea? ! arti/s' complac5cy4 ,z great an arti/ z ,giorgione consid]$ x f ! conv5tional viewpo9t1 & nev] attempt$ to deviate t[>d its pr(\nd] mean+s4 ,! old ma/]s fill$ _! canvases ) %ad[s & light )\t suspect+ t light itself is simply ano!r "n = col\r4 ,! hi/ory ( mod]n art is broadly ! hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( =m by ! means ( col\r--t is to say1 mod]n art t5ds t[>d ! purification ( pa9t+4 ,col\r is capable ( produc+ all ! effects possible to black & :ite1 & 9 addition ( excit+ an emotion m acute4 ,x 0 only ) ! adv5t ( ,delacroix1 ! fir/ great mod]n1 t ! dramatic qualities ( col\r 7 intellig5tly s5s$4 ,b ev5 ) him ! conception 0 s slight t ! effects he atta9$ 7 b meagrely effective4 ,aft] ,delacroix fur!r exp]im5ts 9 col\r l$ to ! reali/ic translation ( c]ta9 phases ( nature4 ,! old /atic sy/em ( copy+ trees 9 gre51 %ad[s 9 black & skies 9 blue did n1 z 0 commonly believ$1 produce realism4 ,:ile sup]ficially nature appe>$ 9 ! col\rs indicat$1 a close obs]vation lat] reveal$ ! fact t a gre5 tree 9 any light comprises a div]sity ( col\rs1 t all sunlit skies h a residue ( yell[1 & h5ce t %ad[s are violet r ?an black4 ,?is newly une>!d realism ( light became ! battle cry ( ! y\ng] m5 9 ! late decades ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & rea*$ p>turition 9 ! movem5t errone\sly call$ ,impressionism1 a ^w philologically oppos$ to ! ?+ x wi%$ to elucidate4 ,! anci5ts _h pa9t$ l&scape z x appe>$ broadly at a fir/ glance4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 be+ int]e/$ 9 nature z a manife/ation 9 :i* light plays ! all-important "p1 transf]r$ x bodily onto canvas f t po9t ( view4 ,cezanne1 look+ into _! habits m coolly1 saw _! re/rictions4 ,:ile a*iev+ all _! atmosph]ic aims1 he w5t deep] into ! me*anics ( col\r1 & ) ?is k a*iev$ =m z well z light4 ,?is 0 ano!r /ep =w>d 9 ! developm5t ( mod]n me?ods4 ,) him col\r began to ne> its true & ultimate significance z a function+ elem5t4 ,lat]1 ) ! aid ( ! sci5ti/s1 ,*evreul1 ,b\rgeois1 ,helmholtz & ,rood1 o!r arti/s made v>i\s dep>tures into ! field ( col\r1 b _! ent]prises 7 failures4 ,!n came ,matisse :o made improvem5ts on ! h>monic side ( col\r4 ,b because he ignor$ ! pr(\nd] lessons ( ,cezanne he succe$$ only 9 ! fabrication ( a highly organis$ decorative art4 ,n until ! adv5t ( ! ,syn*romi/s1 ^: fir/ public exhibition took place 9 ,muni* 9 #aiac1 7 any fur!r crucial advances made4 ,^! arti/s complet$ ,cezanne 9 t !y rationalis$ 8 dimly =e%ad[$ precepts4 ,to und]/& ! basic significance ( pa9t+ x is necess>y to revise our me?od ( judgm5t4 ,z yet no ae/hetician has record$ a rationale = art valuation4 ,ta9e put =? _m illum9at+ sugge/ions reg>d+ ! fundam5tals ( =m1 b ! critics h paid scant he$4 ,prejudice1 p]sonal ta/e1 metaphysics & ev5 ! pr$ilections ( s5tim5t1 /ill gov]n ! _w's judgm5ts & appreciations4 ,we are slaves to accuracy ( del9eation1 to prett9ess ( design1 to ! :ole suite ( mat]ial consid]ations :i* are deputies to ! organic & intellectual qualities ( a "w ( art4 ,x is ! common ?+ to f9d criticisms--ev] f ! highe/ s\rces--:i* praise or condemn a picture accord+ to ! ne>ness ( its approa* to ! reality ( its subject4 ,su* obs]vations are confus+ & irrelevant4 ,7 realism ! object ( art1 pa9t+ w\ld always be inf9itely inf]ior to life--a m]e simulacrum ( our daily exi/5ce1 ev] inadequate 9 its illusion4 ,! mom5t we atta* o!r ?an purely ae/hetic values to pa9t+s--ei!r anci5t or mod]n--we are confront$ by s ext5sive & diff]5tiat$ a set ( te/s t *aos or error is unavoidable4 ,9 ! end we %all f9d t our conclusions h _! premises1 n 9 ! "w ( art itself1 b 9 p]sonal & extrane\s consid]ations4 ,a picture to be a great "w ( art ne$ n conta9 any recognisable objects4 ,provid$ x gives ! s5sation ( rhy?mically balanc$ =m 9 ?ree dim5sions1 x w h accompli%$ all t ! greate/ ma/]s ( art h ev] /riv5 =4 ,once we dive/ ourselves ( traditional integum5ts1 mod]n pa9t+ w /raightway lose its my/]y4 ,despite ! _m *>latans :o clo! _! ab]rations ) its "n1 x is a s9c]e rea*+ =? ( ! creative w to f9d a m$ium by :i* ! highe/ emotions may mo/ p]fectly be express$4 ,we h become too complex to enjoy ! simple !atre any long]4 ,our m9ds call = a m =ceful emotion ?an ! simple imitation ( life c give4 ,we require problems1 inspirations1 inc5tives to ?\ght4 ,! simple melody ( _m ( ! old ma/]s c no long] int]e/ u because ( its v simplicity4 ,z ! complicat$ & organis$ =ces ( life become compreh5sible to u1 we %all dem& m & m t our analytic intellig5ces be mirror$ 9 our enjoym5ts4 ,,ii ,,precursors ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,era ,! n9ete5? c5tury op5$ ) ,fr5* art 9 a prec>i\s & decad5t condition4 ,to appreciate ! prodigi\s /rides made by ,g]icault & ,delacroix1 ev5 by ,g]>d & ,gros1 "o mu/ consid] ! rabid antagonism ( ! public t[>d all ornam5t & ri*ness 9 pa9t+ & t[>d all subject-matt] :i* did n inspire ?\ghts ( inflexible simplicity4 ,?is attitude 0 attributable to ! social reaction aga9/ ! excesses ( ! voluptu\s ,l\is ,,xv4 ,vi5 x 0 :o1 suppress+ ! eroticism ( ,b\*]1 in/igat$ ! s-call$ classic revival f\nd$ on ,graeco-,roman ideals4 ,! public became s vehem5t 9 its praise ( ?is hypocritical & au/]e art1 t ,fragon>d1 t delici\s pa9t] ( b\doirs1 0 dismiss$ z indec5t4 ,ev5 ! demure ,greuze1 :o tri$ to rehabilitate himself by mak+ 8 art a vehicle = a s]ies ( p>5tal s]mons1 di$ a paup]4 ,he too lack$ ! aridity requisite = popul> ta/e4 ,*>d91 ! ,le ,na9s & ,f\quet 7 set aside3 !y 7 consid]$ too trivial1 too insuffici5tly ar*aeological4 ,watteau's canvases 7 /on$ by ,regnault1 ,girodet & ! o!r pupils ( ,david4 ,lancret1 ,pat]1 ,debuc\rt1 ,olivi]1 ,gravelot1 ,la ,t\r1 ,natti] & o!rs met simil> fates at ! h&s ( ! new classici/s4 ,su* m5 z ^! c\ld n f9d approbation 9 a public :i* dem&$ only allegorical1 political & economic art4 ,b ,david met all its requirem5ts4 ,he repres5t$ ! anti!sis ( ! s\nd fre$om ( ! ,fr5* temp]am5t2 & =?) became ! ,elija ( ! new deg5]acy4 ,he apo!osis$ all t is false & decad5t 9 art4 ,b ! adulation ( him 0 %ort-liv$4 ,! ,fr5* imag9ation is too fecund = only ?orns4 ,+res sup]s$$ him4 ,?is new idol1 go+ to ! ,greeks = inspiration1 made ,david flu5t & *>m+4 ,he /udi$ ! ,italian primitives & simplifi$ !m ) ,byzant9e & ,raphaelic add5da4 ,he _h a g5u9e in/9ct = silh\ette entirely lack+ 9 8 =]unn]1 & soon /ruck ! fir/ bl[ :i* m>k$ ! dis9tegration ( ,david's cult4 ,g]>d & ,gros took a fur!r /ep by loos5+ slightly ,+res's draw+2 & ,g]icault & ,gu]9 complet$ ! disruption ( ! ,david tradition4 ,g]icault's ,radeau de la ,m$use br\ght its "y & highly tal5t$ creator imm$iately into ! public gaze1 n only because ( its impli$ blasphemy 9 deviat+ f ! me?ode ,david1 b because ! trag$y ( its subject 0 /ill fre% 9 ! national m9d4 ,0 ?is a clev] device on ! "p ( ! pa9t] to circumv5t ho/ile criticism by clo?+ 8 innovations ) a sympa!tic !me8 ,p]haps2 b ! picture's value to u lies 9 t x =e%ad[$ ! new idea 9 art4 ,x =c$ ! gate :i* made easi] ,delacroix's entrance sev]al ye>s lat]4 ,9 retrospect ! reaction aga9/ an e/abli%$ ord] appe>s simple1 b ! _w's innovators h requir$ = _! task an intellectual c\rage am\nt+ to r>e h]oism4 ,h]etics are reg>d$ z dang]\s madm51 & g5]ally _! only rew>d is ! pleasure ( revolt4 ,! cr$it = greatness falls on ^? lat] m5 :o avail !mselves ( ! pr9ciples ( pa/ reaction>y ent]prise4 ,s mu* ( ! en]gy ( pione]s is sp5t 9 combat+ ho/ile criticism & indiff]5ce1 t _! fund ( creative =ce is deplet$4 ,?is 0 true 9 ! case ( ,delacroix4 ,l all ! great] pa9t]s he 0 self-taught4 ,! ess5ce ( k is untransmittable4 ,true1 he occasionally visit$ ! /udio ( ,gu]91 b 8 real education came f ! ,l\vre :]e he copi$ ,v]onese1 ,titian & ,rub5s4 ,8 insight 0 ke5 b n deep1 & at fir/ he did little m ?an absorb ! surface aspects ( o!rs1 ?\gh he did ?is ) intellig5ce4 ,lat]1 by devi\s /eps bo? =w>d & back1 he became ! bridge f ! eighte5? c5tury to ,impressionism1 j z ,cezanne became ! /epp+ /one f ,impressionism to art's late/ manife/ations4 ,9 #ahbb ,delacroix expos$ 8 fir/ canvas1 ,dante et ,virgile aux ,enf]s1 "o ( ! f9e/ debut pictures ev] record$4 ,sup]ficially x is 8 mo/ obvi\s influ5ce ( ,rub5s :om he deeply respect$2 & 9 x are also discov]able ! exagg]ations & disproportions ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,?i]s laud$ x1 & s great 0 its popul>ity t ! gov]nm5t b\ght x = #b1jjj francs4 ,rub5s /ill held him firmly two ye>s lat] 9 ! ,massacre de ,scio1 al?\gh !re 7 9 ! picture indubitable indications ( ! adv5t ( ,v5ice4 ,?is picture 0 to be hung 9 ! fam\s ,salon ( #ahbd1 :]e ,lawr5ce1 ,bon+ton1 ,field+1 & ,con/able 7:o 7 to h su* a great influ5ce on 8 lat] "w7 expos$4 ,! ,massacre de ,scio 0 ready = %ipm5t :51 j be=e ! v]nissage1 ,delacroix saw a canvas by ,con/able done 9 ! divisioni/ic me?od4 ,at once he felt ! necessity = col\r expression1 & go+ home he entirely repa9t$ 8 picture4 ,?is 0 ! turn+-po9t 9 8 art4 ,he _h admir$ ! gre5 9 ,con/able's l&scape1 & _h spok5 ( x to ! o!r4 ,con/able expla9$ t ! sup]iority ( ! gre5 9 8 prairies 0 due to ! fact t he _h compos$ x ) a multitude ( diff]5t gre5s4 ,"h ,delacroix's ke5 p]ception got to "w4 ,9 8 ,j\rnal he wrote3 ,:at ,con/able says ( ! gre5 ( 8 prairies c be appli$ to all ! o!r tones z well4 ,by ?is me?od1 primitive z x seems today1 he beheld a way ( augm5t+ ! dramatic significance ( 8 conceptions4 ,! next ye>1 #ahbe1 he w5t to ,london to /udy ! ,engli% pa9t]s at clos] range4 ,!re he le>n$ mu* f ,bon+ton1 z he did f ,con/able1 & 9 "o ( 8 lett]s he wrote3 ,grey is ! enemy ( all pa9t+4444 ,let u bani% f our palette all e>? col\rs4 ,& lat] he =eca/$ ! ,impressioni/ic me?ods by writ+3 ,x is good n to let ea* bru% /roke melt into ! o!rs2 !y w appe> uni=m at a c]ta9 di/ance by ! sympa!tic law :i* associates !m4 ,col\r obta9$ ?us has m en]gy & fre%ness4 ,! m opposition 9 col\r1 ! m brilliance4 ,delacroix's intellig5ce1 reconnoitr+ along ^! l9es1 =mulat$ o!r pr9ciples4 ,among _m obs]vations conc]n+ col\r1 he wrote3 ,if to a composition1 int]e/+ 9 its *oice ( subject1 y add a disposition ( l9es1 :i* augm5ts ! impression1 a *i>oscuro :i* seizes ! imag9ation1 & a col\r :i* is adapt$ to ! *>act]s1 x is !n a h>mony1 & its comb9ations are s adapt$ t !y produce a unique song4444 ,a conception1 hav+ become a composition1 mu/ move 9 ! milieu ( a col\r peculi> to x4 ,!re seems to be a p>ticul> tone belong+ to "s "p ( e picture :i* is a key t gov]ns all ! o!r tones4444 ,! art ( ! col\ri/ seems to be relat$ 9 c]ta9 ways to ma!matics & music4 ,t he believ$ 9 ! exact sci5ce ( col\r is fur!r atte/$ to by ! fact t he made a dial on :i* noon repres5t$ r$1 six o'clock gre51 "o o'clock blue1 sev5 o'clock orange--& s on ?r\gh ! h\rs ) ! opposition ( complem5t>ies4 ,evid5ces ( ^! exp]im5tations are dimly disc]n$ 9 a numb] ( 8 m9or canvases done betwe5 #ahbg & ! ,revolution4 ,9 #ahcb1 aft] he _h pa9t$ ! admirable ,la ,lib]te ,guidant le ,peuple sur les ,b>ricades1 he visit$ ,morocco4 ,be=e ?is ev5t 8 "w _h conta9$ _m ( ! elem5ts ( sumptu\sness & s5suality2 b 9 ?is ea/]n l& 8 col\r rea*$ maturity4 ,/udy+ ! productions ( ! native crafts 9 _! relation to col\r1 he dream$ ( mak+ pictures z v>iegat$ z rugs & vases4 ,9 ?is he 0 trespass+ on ! prec9cts ( ,v]onese :o _h made pictorial use ( ! products ( ! ,ori5t & ( ,africa4 ,on 8 return he pa9t$ ,les ,femmes d',alg] dans ,leur ,app>tem5t4 ,?is picture1 "o ( 8 be/1 embodies mo/ ( 8 col\r !ories4 ,9 x we f9d cold %ad[s oppos$ to hot lights1 & ! contigu\s plac+ ( complem5t>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,les ,,femmes ,d',,alg] ,,dans ,,leur ,,app>tem5t by ,,delacroix ,delacroix look$ ^u himself z a col\ri/4 ,b :ile 8 !ories 7 9 ! ma9 s\nd !y did n g f> en\gh4 ,!y 7 important only z a />t+ po9t4 ,8 col\r is h>dly noticeable today1 & 9 no wise does x sum up 8 arti/ic int]e/ = u4 ,gaugu9 once said t we get ,delacroix's full significance 9 black-&-:ite reproduction4 ,?is comes p]il\sly ne> be+ true4 ,today 8 pictures appe> z devoid ( brilliancy z ^? ( ! ,v5etians4 ,yet1 :5 he fir/ exhibit$1 he 0 reproa*$ = 8 rauc\s tones4 ,! critics call$ 8 ,massacre de ,scio ! massacre ( pa9t+1 & add$1 il c\rt sur les toits4 ,8 m5 & wom51 ! %ad[s ( ^: fle% 7 col\r$ ) blues & gre5s1 7 /igmatis$ corpses1 & he 0 accus$ ( hav+ us$ ! morgue = 8 /udio4 ,all ?is matt]$ little4 ,delacroix's real significance z an arti/ lay 9 8 draw+ :i* 0 8 greate/ asset4 ,:at rais$ him above ! g5]al run ( pa9t]s1 b>oque & o!rwise1 0 8 slight tal5t = composition4 ,(t5 9 8 ,j\rnal he speaks ( ! balance ( l9es4 ,he knew t ) ! ma/]s ( ! ,r5aissance x 0 common prop]ty1 & t mod]n pa9t+ _h lo/ x2 & he /rove to re9troduce x into art4 ,b he nev] got beyond ! simple/ syn!sis ( ! lea/ comp\nd$ ( ,rub5s's figure pieces4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,bataille de ,tailleb\rg--an excell5t example ( 8 dramatic me?od--x w be not$ t ! canvas op5s at ! bottom-c5tre to =m a triangle ( /ruggl+ =ms1 & t 9 ! brea* ?us made ! re>+ *>g] looms :ite4 ,! id5tical composition c be f\nd 9 ,la ,ju/ice1 ,la ,lib]te1 ! ,janissaires a l',attaque1 ,la ,lutte de ,jacob avec l',ange1 ! ,enlevem5t de ,rebecca & ! ,entree des ,croises a ,j]usalem4 ,9 ?is la/ canvas1 8 mo/ ma/]ful1 ! triangle is complicat$ by a curv$ l9e runn+ inw>d f ! c5tre4 ,?is picture recalls1 almo/ to e detail1 ,rub5s's ,! ,adoration ( ! ,wise ,m5 ( ! ,ea/1 9 ! ,antw]p ,museum4 ,h[ev]1 x m>ks a great progress f ! symmetricality ( 8 toile de debut1 & ?\gh 9 x ,rub5s is consci\sly imitat$--if n inde$ plagi>is$1 ,delacroix gets ne>] to ! _s ( ,v]onese ?an to t ( ! ,flemi% ma/]4 ,among ! pa9t+s :]e9 ! simple1 ?ree-sid$ composition does n appe>1 ! mo/ notable are 8 animal pictures 79 :i* he sub/itut$ ! ,s design7 & ^? canvases 9 :i* 8 mom5t>y admiration = o!rs 7z = ,v]onese 9 ! ,ret\r de ,*ri/ophe ,colomb1 & = ! ,dut* 9 ,cromwell au ,*ateau de ,w9dsor7 made him =get himself4 ,ev5 ?is primitive compreh5sion ( l9e> balance _h pass$ out ( ,fr5* pa9t+ ) ! dea? ( ,p\ss91 & its reapp>ition 9 ,delacroix is analog\s to ! impetus t[>d rhy?m :i* 0 giv5 to ! /iff ,byzant9e pa9t+ ( ,v5ice by ,nicolo di ,pietro & ,giovanni da ,bologna 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,rub5s we f9d turbul5t movem5t1 z great z 9 life itself1 organis$ 9 su* a way t all ! emotions1 exalt$1 depressive1 dramatic1 are express$4 ,b 9 ,delacroix !re is m]ely co-ord9at$ action4 ,& ?is action1 ev5 9 ! busie/ c5tres ( 8 canvases1 is m sugge/ive ( unre/ ?an ( movem5t4 ,h[ev]1 ! real cause = 8 failure to express a _s z mod]n z ,rub5s's lay 9 8 inability to und]/& ! opposition 9 rhy?mic l9e-balance ( ?ree dim5sions :i* is to be f\nd 9 ev5 ! slighte/ ( ,rub5s's canvases4 ,8 details are always int]e/+1 b he nev] succe$$ 9 weld+ !m into a sequaci\s & int]relat$ :ole4 ,8 high gift ( inv5tion 0 inadequate equipm5t = s difficult a feat4 ,comp>e ,rembr&t's exquisite ba?+ girl 9 ! ,london ,national ,gall]y & ,delacroix's ,la ,grece ,expirant sur les ,ru9es de ,missolonghi4 ,9 te*nical treatm5t ^! two pa9t+s are n unlike1 b ! scatt]$ feel+ & lack ( pla/ic conc5tration 9 ! latt] emphasises ! sup]ior =ce ( ! ,dut*man4 ,delacroix's "w fell betwe5 flat decoration & deep pa9t+4 ,al?\gh 9 8 small draw+s & details he exhibits a g5u9e feel+ = volume1 z 8 ,lion ,de*irant un ,cadavre %[s1 8 con/ant ref9em5ts ( reason+ ne>ly always result$ 9 8 =m be+ flatt5$ out until x sometimes became commonplace4 ,simple balance ( l9e def9$ ! limits ( 8 ability = organisation4 ,if he _h c>ri$ out 9 o!r pictures ! compositional elem5ts ( 8 ,pieta1 :i* _h di/9ct movem5t1 8 "w w\ld h tak5 a high] place 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,9 _m canvases 8 seem+ fullness ( =m is only a ri*ness ( l9e--a ri*ness1 h[ev]1 :i* _h seldom be5 f\nd 9 pa9t+ s9ce ,masaccio4 ,?is voluptu\sness 9 ,delacroix 7analog\s to ,wagn]'s music7 results f ! balance ( l>ge d>k & light masses--! fullness ( *i>oscuro4 ,x is p>ticul>ly appreciable 9 ,la ,ju/ice de ,trajan1 ,la ,captivite de ,babylone1 ,repos 7rem9isc5t ( ,goya's ,la ,maja ,desnuda7 & 8 animal compositions4 ,delacroix's greate/ defici5cy lay 9 8 inability to recognise ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! inv5tive intellig5ce & ! imag9ative in/9ct4 ,_h he und]/ood ?is he c\ld h se5 t 8 limitless ambition 0 incomm5surate ) 8 comp>atively small capabilities4 ,b 8 m9d 0 n suffici5tly op54 ,9 fact 8 viewpo9t at times 0 a petty "o4 ,ev5 8 patriotism 0 *auv9i/ic4 ,he 0 rabidly anti-,teutonic & attempt$ to compress all ! great ma/]s ( art into ! ,fr5* m\ld4 ,he inveigh$ aga9/ /yle 9 pa9t+ because ,france _h always be5 b>r5 ( x4 ,he pret5d$ to dete/ ,wagn]1 8 musical prototype1 & ignor+ ! latt]'s dramatic undulations1 criticis$ him sev]ely = 8 me?ods4 ,bee?ov5 0 too long = ,delacroix1 & ,il ,trovatore too complicat$4 ,h[ev]1 he _h a pr(\nd admiration = ,titian & ,moz>t2 & 9 ^! pref]5ces we h ! man's psy*ology4 ,bo? 7 great classici/s1 b bo? lack$ t g5u9e & magi/ral fullness :i* 0 ! propre ( ,bee?ov5 & ,mi*elangelo4 ,delacroix's ?\ghts 7 on deep ?+s r ?an deep 9 !mselves4 ,among ! romantici/s he 0 at home3 all 8 life ,byron & ,walt] ,scott provid$ him ) !mes4 ,& ?\gh he _h suffici5t =esight to see ! hopeless tr5d ( ! pa9t+ ( 8 day1 & combat$ x1 he did n advance4 ,8 muse 0 ! corpse ( ,v5etian art4 ,he 0 ! brake :i* put an end to ! reaction>y t5d5cies ( art4 ,8 discov]ies did n rea* fruition until ,impressionism1 tw5ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,9 all 8 /ruggles de/9y seem$ to conspire to br+ ab\t 8 fame4 ,9 #ahbd1 ! v ye> he br\ght col\r into 8 pa9t+1 ,g]icault1 :o gave promise ( out/ripp+ him1 di$4 ,con/able & ,turn] came =w>d ) _! a*ievem5ts4 ,david's influ5ce _h di$ out1 & ! pa9t] himself 0 an exile 9 ,brussels4 ,from5t9 tells u t ,g]icault help$ pa9t ,delacroix's fir/ canvas4 ,c]ta9 x is t sev]al ( ! great ,engli%m5 pa9t$ "s ( 8 second4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 taught ,delacroix mu*4 ,9 #ahbg ! gov]nm5t ord]$ ,ju/9i5 ,composant les ,in/itutes4 ,all ,france ralli$ r\nd 8 /&>d4 ,he 0 decorat$ by ,l\is ,philippe2 & at ! age ( ?irty he 0 proclaim$ a great ma/] by "o ( ! lead+ critics ( ! day4 ,f ! fir/ he _h _h ! back+ ( m5 respect$ z au?orities4 ,b ?\gh !y help$ make 8 position t5able1 !y obfuscat$ 8 true significance by _! purely lit]>y appreciations4 ,gauti]1 ,dumas1 ,baudelaire1 ,/5dhal & ,m]imee--!re 0 none ^: temp]am5t 0 n ei!r romantic or ideali/ic4 ,!y c\ld n see t1 ?\gh he /rove ) !m = mod]nity ( expression1 8 language 0 unmod]n4 ,h[ev]1 ,erne/ ,*esneau1 ,!ophile ,silve/re1 ,eug5e ,v]on & ,c4 ,p4 ,l&on h all giv5 u side-lights on 8 me?ods1 &1 9 ?is1 _! expositions are ( value4 ,b1 ?\gh ! m5 ( lett]s did n und]/& him ?or\ghly1 sev]al ( 8 fell[ pa9t]s recognis$ 8 eclecticism4 ,among !m 0 ,?omas ,c\ture :o1 9 8 highly in/ructive booklet1 ,me?odes et ,entreti5s d',ateli]1 _h ! audacity to po9t out ! pa9t]'s selective habits4 ,9 ! ma9 8 *>ge 0 j4 ,delacroix's fir/ canvas conta9s influ5ces ( bo? ,rub5s & ,mi*elangelo4 ,8 second picture e*oes ,rub5s1 ! ,v5etians & ,goya4 ,lat] came m prom95t evid5ces ( ,titian & ,v]onese4 ,delacroix 0 museum-br$4 ,he absorb$ impressions avidly1 & did 8 be/ "w only aft] he _h und]gone an intellectual exp]i5ce4 ,_h 8 art be5 truly expressive ( all t 0 )9 him1 he w\ld h be5 9 turn--dilut$1 to be sure--a ,giotto1 a ,c>avaggio1 a ,rub5s1 a ,rembr&t4 ,he felt ! call ( ^! m51 b in/ead ( halt+ at appreciation1 he tri$ to use !m4 ,b ! old ma/]s1 l ! lords ( ! e>?1 are n am5able to high-h&$ dem&s4 ,! div]sity ( 8 pursuits1 :i* sprang f a desire to compete ) ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 smacks ( ! dilettante4 ,8 great mi/ake 0 t he did n sep>ate 8 capabilities f 8 desires4 ,_h he done s he w\ld h produc$ small figure pieces ( gem-l ri*ness & volum9\s composition4 ,en?usiasm is n ! prop] equipm5t = ext5d$ lab\r4 ,x burns out too soon1 & is kept alive only by quick & brilliant results4 ,= ?is reason 8 pictures are view$ to bett] effect fram$ & 9 gall]ies ?an z mural decorations4 ,9 try+ to pa9t monum5tal subjects on ext5sive canvases he lo/ t _s ( organisation :i* w\ld h be5 8 on m limit$ surfaces4 ,"o ( 8 f9e/ expositions ( col\r1 ,la ,lutte de ,jacob avec l',ange1 9 a *apel at ,sa9t ,sulpice1 is ineffective because its surface is too l>ge = 8 treatm5t ( ! !me4 ,delacroix 9 reality 0 a pa9t] ( /ill-life 9 ! broad mean+ ( ! t]m1 j z ,rembr&t & ,cezanne 7 /ill-life pa9t]s4 ,he fail$ 9 ! accompli%m5t ( 8 l>g] programme because 8 vision 0 too re/rict$ to p]mit him to weld 8 details into great ensembles1 z ,rub5s did4 ,8 ambition out/ripp$ 8 p[]1 & /rive z he might1 he c\ld n make up ! discrepancy by reason+4 ,und\bt$ly he s5s$ 8 own weakness1 = all 8 days he 0 9 cont9ual pursuit ( sy/em4 ,sy/em 0 to him :at law 0 to ! old ma/]s4 ,h]e9 he 0 reflect+ ! rationali/ic philosoph]s ( 8 day :o sub/itut$ !ory = obs]vation4 ,7 all ,delacroix's pa9t+s de/roy$ & 8 ,j\rnal & draw+s sav$1 8 apport to art w\ld be b imp]ceptibly decreas$4 ,we %\ld /ill possess 8 l9e> compositions & 8 col\r !ories--8 two significant gifts to mod]n art4 ,)\t ! lib]ation ( draughtsman%ip express$ 9 ! =m]1 ,c\rbet's /ruggle w\ld h be5 m difficult1 & rhy?m 9 draw+ w\ld h _h to wait = ano!r resuscitator4 ,)\t 8 col\r !ories ,impressionism w\ld h be5 po/pon$ = half a c5tury2 ,van ,gogh c\ld n h done 8 be/ pictures2 & ! ,po9tilli/s1 ) _! sy/em ( complem5t>ies1 might nev] h exi/$4 ,delacroix 0 ! fir/ to speak ( simultaneity 9 pa9t+1 on :i* phrase has rec5tly be5 f\nd$ a s*ool2 & he sket*$ a diction>y ( art t]ms & def9itions :i* ev5 n[1 aft] fifty ye>s1 is f> m intellig5t ?an pres5t-day academic precepts4 ,let u reg>d ,delacroix z a great pione] :o f\ght aga9/ ! zymotic =malism ( 8 day & by s do+ op5$ up a new era ( expression4 ,he is ! l9k 9 ! *a9 :i* holds ! brilliant gems ( pa9t+4 ,if he himself fell %ort ( g5ius1 he nev]!less fulfill$ a de/9y :i* intr9sically is 9 _m ways m f9e3 he made g5ius possible = ^? :o 7 to come aft] him4 ,! o!r man :o contribut$ vitally to mod]n col\r !ories 0 ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 born 9 #agge1 "o ye> be=e ,con/able4 ,l ,delacroix he _h ard5t & influ5tial def5d]s2 & ! co9cid5ce is emphasis$ by ! fact t betwe5 ^! two great col\r innovators !re exi/$ a /rik+ !matic simil>ity4 ,rusk9 took c>e t ,turn] %\ld ta/e ^? b5efic5t hon\rs :i* ! _w g5]ally )holds f a pa9t] dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,he accompli%$ ?is feat by praise :i* 0 l>gely en?usiasm & by criticism :i* spell$ p>tiality4 ,b a panegyric n f\nd$ on accuracy & au!nticity defeats its own object 9 ! end4 ,turn] himself rem>k$ t ,rusk9 discov]$ recondite po9ts 9 8 pa9t+ ( :i* he1 z ! arti/1 0 ignorant4 ,?is might h be5 true1 or x might h be5 s>casm4 ,b :e!r ,rusk9 or ,turn] knew m ab\t ! latt]'s art1 ! fact rema9s t ! au?or ( ,mod]n ,pa9t]s ov]e/imat$ ! pa9t] = a reason totally inapposite to ae/hetic consid]ation3--! almo/ photographic p]fection ( 8 canvases4 ,lat]1 :5 ! spirituel ,:i/l] t>ni%$ ?is ,engli% didactician's reputation = infallibility1 ! latt]'s pronunciam5tos 7 que/ion$1 9 "s qu>t]s ridicul$4 ,& ,turn]1 accept$ because ( ,rusk9's assurances1 became suspect4 ,b no am\nt ( effulg5t lit]>y criticism c obscure ! au!ntic accompli%m5ts ( ?is poor b>b]'s son4 ,turn]'s contributions to ! col\r me?ods ( ! eighties 7 too l>ge1 & 8 imitators too bold1 = ! fact to be long] ignor$4 ,9 8 ,ulysses ,d]id+ ,polyphemus1 ,! ,fight+ ,tem]aire & especially 9 ,ra91 ,/eam & ,spe$1 he _h begun to divide ! surfaces ( 8 objects into m9ute t\*es ( diff]5t col\rs--n1 p]haps1 = ! purpose ( height5+ ! emotional qualities ( ! pa9t+s z a :ole1 b = ! primitive reason t ! device gave accuracy to !m z repres5tations ( nature4 ,^! pictures ,monet & ,piss>ro /udi$ closely dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 & !re is no d\bt t ! result ( ?is /udy det]m9$ ! direction tak5 by ! ,impressioni/s4 ,turn]'s e>li] pictures _h be5 too sombre to meet ! dem& = brilliancy 9 t fir/ great mod]n s*ool1 & ! canvases 9 :i* 8 vision ( sunlight began to take =m _h n yet be5 pa9t$4 ,^! lat] pictures1 ) _! light tonality & _! full use ( mi/y blue & gold1 _h a fur!r influ5ce on ! ,impressioni/s' conception ( col\r4 ,:5 ,monet & ,piss>ro w5t to ,london 9 #ahga !y _h be5 habituat$ to ! use ( broad flat tones1 & 7 a/oni%$ at ,turn]'s extraord9>y sn[ & ice effects :i* 7 obta9$ by juxtapos+ little spots ( div]se col\r & by ! gradat+ ( tones4 ,on _! return to ,france !y bo? made use ( ?is /rik+ artifice1 & develop$ x1 9 conjunction ) ,delacroix's !ories1 into :at lat] an unkn[n humori/ ( ! ,*>iv>i nam$ ,impressionism4 ,?is process 0 giv5 fur!r impetus by ano!r ,fr5*man1 ,jongk9d1 call$ ! ,european ,hiro%ige4 ,!re is m ?an a sup]ficial analogy betwe5 ,jongk9d & ,turn]2 & ! ,impressioni/s1 fir/ "u ! influ5ce ( ,corot & ,c\rbet1 f\nd ! effects !y s\ght by us+ ! purity ( ,turn] ) ! facture ( ,jongk9d4 ,x 0 ?us !y 7 br\ght back to ! !ories ( ,delacroix :i* !y _h p>tially ab&on$4 ,?is return _h a pr(\nd raison d'etre1 = betwe5 ! la/ phase ( ,delacroix & ! lat] sket*es ( ,turn] !re is a simil>ity :i* 0 app>5t ev5 to _! contempor>ies4 ,b ?\gh ! resemblance 0 z pron\nc$ z t betwe5 ,turn] & ! ,impressioni/s1 ! eulogi/s ( t movem5t *ose to ignore &1 9 "s cases1 to d5y x4 ,?is new me?od ( us+ col\r did n con/itute ! only debt ! ,impressioni/s ow$ ,turn]4 ,!y also f\nd 9 him an add$ inspiration t[>d fre$om ( arrangem5t & unconv5tionality ( design4 ,! l&scape pa9t]s be=e ,turn]'s day conceiv$ _! out-(-door pictures 9 m or less def9ite m\lds4 ,a tree 9 "o man's canvas1 be+ an ideali/ic conception1 0 difficult ( diff]5tiation f a tree 9 ano!r's4 ,all _! pictures 7 p]meat$ by ! same motif4 ,b ,turn]1 along ) ,con/able & ,bon+ton1 began putt+ "* into l&scapes4 ,z a consequ5ce _! pictures exud$ a new fre$om ( arrangem5t4 ,to appreciate ,turn] fully we mu/ ov]look 8 a/oni%+ ability = transcription--a h]itage f 8 ar*itectural days--& consid] him z a man :o lov$ nature s ard5tly t x 0 impossible = him to approa* x intellectually4 ,8 sket*es1 bo? 9 wat]-col\r & oil1 71 unlike ^? ( ! ,impressioni/s1 r>ely done 9 ! op54 ,he conceiv$ !m 9 p5cil1 wrote ^u 8 cl\ds1 trees & /ones ! col\rs he saw 9 !m1 & lat]1 9 ! solitude ( 8 /udio1 work$ !m up4 ,_h ! ,impressioni/s1 aft] _! fr5zi$ seances be=e models1 tak5 _! canvases home1 organis$ & modifi$ !m1 !y w\ld no d\bt h produc$ great] net results arti/ically4 ,organisation1 9 its f9e/ s5se1 comes only ?r\gh contemplation & reflection2 & :ile ,turn] did n possess ! g5ius = rhy?m 9 any ( its manife/ations1 he nev]!less realis$ t m]e tru? does n make a picture4 ,! ,sun ( ,v5ice ,go+ to ,sea is z excell5t z any?+ ,monet or ,sisley has ev] done4 ,9 ,turn] !re is a feel+ = ! gr&iose su* z few mod]ns possess4 ,did ?is gift come f ,claude :om he delight$ 9 imitat+8 ,ev5 ,con/able spoke ( a ,turn] canvas z ! mo/ complete "w ( g5ius he ev] saw4 ,b ?is 0 ! beau ge/e ( a contempor>y :o wi%$ to appe> broad-m9d$4 ,! tru? lay fur!r d[n ! slope4 ,turn] und\bt$ly %[$ g5ius 9 8 compet5t copy+ ( ev5 ! mo/ insignificant ( nature's accid5ts4 ,! composition ( ,! ,devil's ,bridge is ! f\ndation on :i* are built _m ( ,monet's pictures2 & ! ,ra91 ,/eam & ,spe$ canvas c hang beside ,la ,g>e ,/4 ,laz>e )\t loss to ei!r4 ,delacroix re-e/abli%$ an ,italian mode ( expression & tri$ to make ( x a mod]n language4 ,turn]1 9 a new language1 spoke ( anci5t ?+s4 ,b ,c\rbet ignor$ all me?od1 & )al became ! fa!r ( latt]-day art4 ,9 him 0 ! embryo ( t di/9ctly mod]n _s :i* dem&s visible pro( be=e believ+4 ,l ,william ( ,orange1 he arose triumphant above e opposition4 ,8 art /emm$ temp]am5tally f ! ,dut* & ,spani>ds1 = :ile he imitat$ no "o1 he 0 unconsci\sly influ5c$ by _m4 ,s complete 0 8 assimilation ( great m5 t 9 8 expression !y all _h a place4 ,he himself says t he /udi$ antiquity z a swimm] crosses a riv]4 ,! academicians 7 dr[n$ !re4 ,s 0 ,delacroix4 ,c\rbet le>n$ 9 8 passage t 9 adaptation is ! confession ( /]ility4 ,b ?\gh he avoid$ p>aphras+ & copy+ ! old ma/]s1 we f9d ?r\gh\t 8 life recurr+ traces ( ,van ,dyke1 ,zurb>an1 ,delacroix1 ,rembr&t1 ,el ,greco1 ,g]icault1 ,rib]a1 ,velazquez & t little kn[n ,val5cian ma/]1 ,juan de ,juanes4 ,c\rbet 0 consid]$ an ignorant1 vulg> & brutal peasant4 ,b ?is judgm5t 0 ! outgr[? ( public miscompreh5sion r ?an ( any au!ntic evid5ce 9 ! man himself4 ,c\rbet 0 ! epitome ( t un/udi$ naturalism :i* is antipodal to ! hypocrisies ( society4 ,france1 dur+ 8 day1 0 gov]n$ by ! dictates ( !atricalism4 ,its ideals 7 ^? ( ,r5aissance ,italy1 & its arti/ic attitude reflect$ a ref9em5t ( vision approa*+ decad5ce4 ,c\rbet's deportm5tal crudities alone 7 a s\rce ( antagonism1 & :5 to ^! 7 add$ scorn & indiff]5ce ! ho/ility aga9/ him became viol5t4 ,b temp]am5tally he 0 ari/ocratic4 ,! peasant m9d is fundam5tally traditional3 ,c\rbet 0 viol5tly revolution>y4 ,nor did he lack f95ess ( m9d4 ,8 e>ly portraits embodi$ ! subtleties ( modell+ 9 ,rembr&t z well z ! extraord9>y niceties ( *>act]isation 9 ,el ,greco4 ,! compositions ( 8 pictures alone belie any co>s5ess ( fibre 9 ! man4 ,!y are f\nd$ on a weak5$ ,s :i*1 s9ce ! decay ( ,byzant9e art1 _h done valiant s]vice = ! mo/ exalt$ pa9t]s su* z ,rub5s & ,t9toretto4 ,?is compositional figure appe>s1 ei!r exact or v>i$1 9 8 ,le ,combat de ,c]fs1 ,le ,ret\r de la ,conf]5ce1 ,*i5 et ,lievres1 & ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans4 ,c\rbet's reputation = vulg>ity 0 d]iv$ m f 8 lack ( facile flu5cy1 s common 9 ! ,fr5* tradition1 ?an f a basic und]/&+ ( ! /ructural syn!sis ( 8 "w4 ,& ?is misconception ( him 0 aggravat$ by 8 be+ ! fir/ pa9t] unwill+ to accept praise z ! public *ose to dole x out4 ,he 0 a self-adv]tis]1 & su* m5 z ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw are b e*oes ( 8 me?ods4 ,he pu%$ 8 way to ! front unceas+ly1 & cont9ually !oris$ z a means ( sil5c+ 8 adv]s>ies4 ,he reg>d$ all public demon/ration z blague1 & lat] 9 life c>ri$ ?is attitude into politics4 ,:i/l]1 8 pupil1 0 quick to s5se ! advantage ( 8 tea*]'s me?ods2 & x is ! irony ( fate t ?is ineffectual ,am]ican 0 believ$ & respect$ :ile ,c\rbet 0 abus$ & ridicul$ & =c$ to die 9 exile4 ,he _h c>ri$ 8 assaults too f>4 ,to be n only a pa9t] b a man1 he wrote at "o "t4 ,to create a liv+ art--?is is my aim4 ,x is a ma/]ly /atem5t ( 8 real ambitions4 ,he 0 int5sely int]e/$ 9 life1 z 7 ,rub5s & ,cell9i4 ,y want me to pa9t a goddess8 he exclaim$4 ,%[ me "o6 ,9 ?is mot he summ$ up ! v _s ( mod]n times4 ,x express$ ! new realism f\nd 9 su* widely sep>at$ m5 z ,do/oievsky1 ,zola1 ,george ,moore1 ,conrad1 ,&reiev1 ,!odore ,dreis]1 ,g]h>t ,hauptmann1 ,ri*>d ,/rauss1 ,debussy1 ,korngold1 ,sibelius1 ,manet1 ,r5oir1 ,sorolla & ,zorn4 ,x is /range h[ ,c\rbet1 s f> remov$ f ! ,fr5* temp]am5t1 %\ld1 at ! crucial p]iod ( 8 life1 h rev]t$ to a ,fr5* ge/ure by refus+ ! cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,b 9 t fam\s lett] ( rejection1 writt5 9 a cafe & mail$ ) a gr&iloqu5t toss 9 ! pres5ce ( ,fant9-,lat\r1 he summ$ up aptly ! man ( g5ius :o1 ?\gh avid = hon\r1 ?r[s x away at ! mom5t ( atta9m5t4 ,n ev5 ,napoleon 0 m conc]n$ ) ! ?\ghts ( po/]ity ?an ,c\rbet1 & "s ( ! arti/'s lett]s are n dissimil> 9 tone to ! bomba/ic manife/os ( c]ta9 ultra-mod]n s*ools4 ,at ! "t ( 8 fir/ exhibition he wrote to ,bruyas3 ,i /upefy ! entire _w4 ,i am triumphant n only ov] ! mod]ns b ! anci5ts z well4 ,"h is ! ,l\vre gall]y4 ,! ,*amps ,elysees does n exi/1 nor ! ,luxemb\rg4 ,!re is no m ,*amps de ,m>s4 ,i h ?r[n con/]nation into ! _w ( art4 ,?is _s ( monum5tal self-confid5ce1 s />tl+ to a g5]ation ^: ta/e 0 measur$ by ! decad5t poetry ( ,beaudelaire1 br\ght frantic s>casm hurtl+ ab\t 8 head4 ,?is tr\bl$ ,c\rbet little4 ,he valu$ fri5d%ips only 9 s f> z !y 7 useful4 ,x 0 ,meissoni] :o said 9 a ,p>is salon1 :5 /&+ be=e ! fam\s ,femme de ,muni* :i* ,c\rbet _h pa9t$ 9 a few h\rs = ,b>on ,remb]g3 ,x is no long] a "q ( art1 b ( dignity4 ,f n[ on ,c\rbet mu/ be z "o dead to u4 ,*>les ,beaudelaire1 :o help$ fight ! battle = ,wagn]1 ,poe1 ,delacroix1 ,manet & ,monet1 t5tatively prais$ him at fir/1 b lat] alli$ himself ) ! public & became 8 bitt]e/ assailant4 ,x 0 n surpris+4 ,a poet s sup]ficial z to call ,delacroix a haunt$ lake ( blood c\ld n be expect$ to appreciate ! t]re a t]re qualities ( ?is ma/] ( ,ornans4 ,& ,c\rbet 0 s little ,fr5* t he 0 incompreh5sible to 8 national contempor>ies4 ,he disclaim$ all tradition1 swore he _h no =]unn]s1 & /ruck bl9dly into ! unkn[n4 ,= a man )\t g5ius ?is w\ld h be5 fatal1 b1 aft] all1 only a g5ius w\ld attempt su* ?+s4 ,c\rbet 0 disgu/$ ) ! allegory & romance ( 8 "t4 ,8 nature cri$ al\d = a pose t 0 natural1 = a l&scape t resembl$ ! out-(-doors1 = objects 9 :i* life 0 disc]nible4 ,consequ5tly ! critics & pa9t]s ( 8 day put him aside ei!r indiff]5tly or insol5tly4 ,!y c\ld n und]/& a "w ( art :i* did n del9eate a lit]>y episode or 9 :i* ! po/ures 7 n tak5 direct f ! !atre4 ,c\rbet ne$$ no lit]ature to pa9t great pictures4 ,he w5t /raight to nature1 & 8 compositions grew out ( 8 %e] enjoym5t 9 visible objects1 :e!r !y 7 dramatic or n4 ,to ! public 8 pictures appe>$ ugly1 ev5 repell5t4 ,"h 0 a man :o pa9t$ a fun]al reali/ically--,dieu m'en g>de6 ,) only ! example ( canvases fill$ ) famili> gods & goddesses & melt+ nudes 9 gold5 p9k1 he d>$ set =?1 9 a sacr$ !me1 peasants' faces & peasants' %oes1 cl\dy skies1 & holes 9 ! br[n e>?4 ,to ^? :o _h come to look ^u art z some?+ e!real & evanesc5t1 ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans 0 m ?an blasphemy4 ,x 0 ?is picture1 fall+ l a bomb into ! mid/ ( ! vag>ies ( 8 "t1 t s\nd$ ! dea? knell ( romanticism4 ,x 0 ! la/ spade ( e>? on ! graves ( ! classici/s4 ,! m]e picture 0 s5sation en\gh1 b ,c\rbet 0 n cont5t to let ! matt] re/ !re4 ,at ! "t ( 8 exhibition 9 #ahee1 held 9 a b>rack ( 8 own build+ on ! ,rond ,po9t de l',alma1 he wrote a def5sive & provocative preface to 8 catalogue4 ,9 x he proclaim$ himself n only ! fir/ reali/1 b realism itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,l',,ent]rem5t ,a ,,ornans by ,,c\rbet ,g]icault's ,radeau de la ,m$use & ,delacroix's ,dante et ,virgile aux ,enf]s 7 acceptable to ! public1 ! "o because ( its dramatic int]e/1 ! o!r because ( its lit]ature4 ,b ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans entirely lack$ ! popul> qualities ( ^! two o!r pictures4 ,x 0 full ( rugg$ & h>dy precision4 ,its insol5t ugl9ess ( subject-matt] & its impli$ indiff]5ce to all tradition1 seem$ to express ! qu9tess5ce ( arti/ic degradation & sordidness4 ,at fir/ view ! picture appe>s to h be5 inspir$ by ,el ,greco's ,obsequies ( ! ,c\nt ( ,orgaz1 b x is m likely t ^! peasants ( ,ornans1 ea* a notable ( ! t[n1 ) _! indiff]5t expressions & awkw>d ge/ures1 7 attributable to ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,sa9t ,b>?olomew ( ,rib]a & ,la ,folle ( ,g]icault1 r ?an to ! ma/] ( ,tol$o4 ,b t ! ,spani% help$ pa9t x is evid5t3 "s p>ts ( ! l&scape are tak5 bodily f _! canvases4 ,mei]-,graefe /ates t ?is fun]al picture1 l mo/ ( ! repres5tative pictures ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 is n repres5tative ( ! arti/ himself4 ,b did ,mei]-,graefe und]/& m pr(\ndly ! syn!sis ( composition f\nd 9 individual pa9t]s1 he w\ld h se5 t "h 0 ! fam\s ,s composition :i* 0 us$ ?r\gh\t ! pa9t]'s life4 ,in/ead ( be+ set on end1 z 0 ! practice ( ! ,italians1 x is us$ lat]ally & ext5ds f left to "r 9 dep?4 ,9 col\r also ?is picture is repres5tative ( ,c\rbet1 = x %[s 8 limitations 9 t m$ium4 ,delacroix br\ght a new palette to pa9t+1 b c\ld n use x4 ,c\rbet cont5t$ himself ) a palette z meagre z t ( ,c>avaggio & ,gu]c9o4 ,& yet1 ?\gh col\r has come latt]ly to mean tactile =m 9 its highe/ s5se1 ?is black canvas1 :5 plac$ beside ei!r an ,+res1 a ,david1 a ,delacroix or a ,g]>d1 appe>s less flat & inconsequ5tial ?an ! latt]4 ,! =m is ev5 sugge/ive ( ,rembr&t1 ,giotto1 ,cezanne & ,r5oir4 ,*ampfleury 0 ! only fri5d ( ,c\rbet :o d>$ def5d him4 ,delacroix 0 set aga9/ him1 & ! critics1 )\t und]/&+ him1 obscur$ ! true importance ( 8 art by talk+ ( 8 want ( transc5d5talism & s5tim5t4 ,especially 7 8 l&scapes ! butt ( _! ridicule1 = pa9t]s up to t "t _h made use ( conv5tional arrangem5ts ( da9ty trees copi$ = _! draw+ & tone4 ,9 ,c\rbet all ?is 0 *ang$4 ,he organis$ l&scapes z he did /ill-lives & nudes4 ,objects1 z su*1 meant no?+ to him4 ,9 ?is he /ruck a new & mod]n note :i* ! good p ( 8 day consid]$ n only bad art b a slur ^u ! spiritual mean+s ( nature4 ,ev5 9 ,les ,baigneuses1 :]e ! figures are unimportant1 ! trees are sup]b4 ,9 ,la ,grotte he w5t fur!r1 = "h ! figure 0 "p ( ! :ole4 ,8 pa9t+s ( ! hills ab\t ,ornans _h a movem5t :i* gave (f a s5sation ( weight entirely new 9 pa9t+4 ,9 ,les ,gr&s ,*ataigni]s he rea*$ 8 apogee 9 l&scape pa9t+4 ,?is picture is great] ?an ^? ( any ( ! ,engli%m54 ,?\gh _m critics h writt5 t ,millet influ5c$ ,c\rbet1 ! rev]se is ! tru?4 ,! =m]'s life "w 0 l>gely a repetition ( ! lights & d>ks f\nd 9 ,c\rbet's e>li] pictures4 ,les ,casseurs de ,pi]res is f> great] ?an any?+ ,millet has ev] done1 despite ! va/ popul>ity ( su* purely s5tim5tal pictures z ,! ,angelus & ,! ,man ) ! ,hoe4 ,c\rbet c\ld nev] h be5 satisfi$ ) ! angul>ity & abs5ce ( rhy?m 9 ! o!r's "w4 ,9 ,millet's be/ canvases "o f9ds at mo/ only a p>allelism ( l9es1 & 9 8 less] pictures ev5 ?is amateuri% attempt at organisation is lack+4 ,b 9 ,les ,casseurs de ,pi]res ! arrangem5t is "o :i* recalls ! compet5cy ( l9e> balance & developm5t 9 ,t9toretto's ,m9]va ,expell+ ,m>s4 ,:5 ,c\rbet ent]$ pa9t+1 he _h nei!r prejudices nor a p>ti pris4 ,he te/$ 8 ability be=e engag+ 8 full complem5t ( res\rces4 ,?\gh untutor$1 he _h t ca/ ( intellig5ce :i* no am\nt ( /udy c produce & no am\nt ( adv]se criticism influ5ce4 ,delacroix1 on ! o!r h&1 0 ! ar*etype ( ! highly cultur$ & educat$ man4 ,he =esaw ! necessity = radical re=m1 b 0 unable to br+ x ab\t significantly4 ,c\rbet in/9ctively project$ himself into t void at ! br9k ( :i* tradition halts & ! unkn[n beg9s4 ,& because he 0 a man ( g5ius he did n return empty-h&$4 ,! art ( ,c\rbet 0 too ari/ocratic to be appreciat$4 ,n ari/ocratic 9 ! ,delacroix s5se1 b isolat$ & sup]ior4 ,reject+ ! col\r discov]ies ( 8 day1 he creat$ 8 own mat]ials4 ,delacroix =e%ad[$ ! m$ium :i* 0 to s]ve z a vehicle = ! a*ievem5t ( future g5]ations1 b x 0 ,c\rbet :o br\ght to art a new m5tal attitude )\t :i* !re w\ld be no excuse = mod]n pa9t+4 ,by turn+ m5's ?\ghts f anci5t ,italy to ! actualities ( _! own day1 & by expell+ ! lit]>y canvas f art1 he left ^? :o came aft] him free to evolve a m$ium :i* w\ld translate ! new vision4 ,delacroix's h]itage to art 0 intellectual1 ,c\rbet's dynamic4 ,& ?\gh objectively ! "w ( ,c\rbet is ! ugli] & less graci\s1 9 x !re is m ( ! sublime4 ,b bo? m5 are indisp5sable1 & h a j claim to ! et]nal respect ( po/]ity4 ,! con/ruction ( =m z volum9\s ph5om5a--t integ] ( mod]n pa9t+ :i* 0 lack+ 9 ,delacroix1 ,turn] & ,c\rbet1 b :i* has become "o ( ! lead+ preoccupations ( pres5t-day arti/s--0 introduc$ by ,honore ,daumi]4 ,?is pa9t] :o1 unlike 8 ?ree great contempor>ies1 f\ght = ! pure love ( ! fight1 0 celebrat$ z a c>icaturi/ at tw5ty-five4 ,su* fame 0 w>rant$1 = he 0 unque/ionably ! greate/ & mo/ tr5*ant c>icaturi/ ! _w has ev] produc$4 ,f #ahce to #ahdh he made capital ( all ^? _m cata/rophes :i* ov]took ,france4 ,only ! curtail+ ( ! fre$om ( ! press on ,decemb] #b1 #ahdh1 put an end to 8 c>e] z publici/4 ,?is culm9ation ( 8 editorial activities 0 a b5eficial ?+ = bo? ,daumi] & ! _w1 = x p]mitt$ him fre$om to devote himself :olly to ! developm5t ( ! l>g] side ( 8 g5ius4 ,he endeav\r$ to int]e/ 8 fri5ds 9 8 pa9t+2 b too long _h he be5 kn[n z a critic ( curr5t topics = !m to look ) s]i\s eyes ^u 8 m solid endeav\rs4 ,b ?\gh neglect$ by 8 fri5ds1 ,daumi] holds a position ( trem5d\s importance 9 relation to ! mod]ns4 ,8 "w develop$ along l9es un?\ght-( by ei!r ,delacroix or ,c\rbet4 ,ev5 8 c>toons 7 m ?an clev] pictorial comm5ts on national ev5ts4 ,intr9sically !y 7 great pieces ( rugg$ fle% :i* _h all ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 *isell$ out ( a solid m$ium ) a dull tool4 ,! ri*ness ( 8 l9e is z complete z 9 ,rembr&t's et*+s2 & 8 economy ( means rea*$ a po9t to :i* pa9t]s _h n yet atta9$4 ,8 significance1 h[ev]1 lies m especially 9 8 new me?od ( obta9+ volume ?an 9 ! flexibility ( 8 l9e draw+s4 ,he built 8 pictures 9 tone fir/4 ,! draw+ came aft]w>d z a direct result ( ! tonal volumes4 ,?is new mann] ( pa9t+ p]mitt$ him a great] subtlety & flu5cy ?an ,c\rbet possess$4 ,9 fact1 ,daumi]'s compreh5sion ( =m 9 ! subjective s5se 0 great] ?an t ( any ,fr5*man up to 8 "t4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ,daumi]'s canvas1 ,les ,lutteurs1 ) ,c\rbet's picture ( ! same "n4 ,! massiv5ess ( ! "o is monum5tal4 ,"o feels ! weight ( ! two /ruggl+ m51 heavy & %ift+1 cl++ & pant+4 ,!y are modell$ by a craftsman :o c juggle deftly ) 8 means4 ,9 ,c\rbet's picture ! figures are se5 c>efully copi$ 9 a /ra9$ pose by "o :o has n ! complete ma/]y ( 8 tools4 ,9 ,daumi]'s picture we also s5se t elusive b vital quality call$ m5tal attitude4 ,sup]ficially x is almo/ indi/+ui%able f its negation1 b to ^? :o "k its significance1 x is ( p]meat+ importance4 ,cont\r & %ad+ to 8 =]unn]s _h meant two sep>at$ & di/9ct /eps 9 ! con/ruction ( =m4 ,daumi] creat$ bo? qualities simultane\sly z "o emotion4 ,dep? ) o!r pa9t]s 0 obta9$ by c>ry+ _! figures into ! backgr\nd by ! means ( l9e & p]spective4 ,) ,daumi] x meant a pla/ic build+ up ( volume f ! backgr\nd =w>d4 ,! feel+ we h be=e 8 canvases t we are look+ at =m itself & n m]ely an excell5t repres5tation ( x1 is z /rong z x is 9 a great] way :5 we /& be=e a ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,9 ?is he gave pro( t he 0 a draughtsman 9 ! mo/ vital s5se4 ,unless he _h felt =m uniquely1 ,le ,repos des ,saltimbanques & ,le ,ba9 w\ld h be5 impossible ( creation4 ,?is la/ picture sums up :at ,c>ri]e aspir$ to b fail$ to atta94 ,illu/ration3 ,,le ,,ba9 by ,,daumi] ,recall+ ! great ma/]s ( =m we in/9ctively visualise ,mi*elangelo fir/4 ,= ?is reason p]haps ,mi*elangelo is reg>d$ ! major influ5ce 9 ,daumi]4 ,il avait du ,mi*el ,ange dans la peau1 say ! ,fr5*3 & c]ta9 x is t ,daumi]'s colossal simplicity & feel+ = tactility 7 d]iv$ f ! ,r5aissance ma/]4 ,b only 9 "o picture1 a composition call$ ,la ,republique--#ahdh1 d we f9d any direct & consci\s influ5ce4 ,frankly ?is is b a mod]nisation ( "o ( ! sibyls on ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,! tru? is ,daumi] is m ak9 to ,rembr&t ?an to ,mi*elangelo4 ,b !re is 9 him none ( ! consci\s copy+ ( ,rembr&t t we f9d1 = in/ance1 9 ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,! latt]1 admir+ ,rembr&t1 essay$ to equal 8 p[] by imitat+ 8 ext]nals ) academic processes4 ,daumi]1 temp]am5tally affiliat$ ) 8 ma/]1 w5t deep]4 ,putt+ aside ! results ( ,rembr&t's f9al bru% /rokes1 he /udi$ ! v function+ proc$ure ( 8 art4 ,bo? us$ ! human figure z a t]ra9 = ! unceas+ /ruggle ( light aga9/ d>k4 ,9 ! process ( pa9t+ ! inf9ite play & by-play ( oppos$ values on a giv5 !atre1 !y produc$ =m z an inevitable result4 ,a critic has /at$ ( ,daumi]3 ,he left h>dly any?+ b sket*es1 spla%es ( col\r t resolve !mselves into faces4444 ,x is said )\t attempt at pr(undity4 ,nev]!less ! rem>k unsuspect+ly t\*es ! crucial po9t ( ,daumi]'s significance4 ,! v resolution ( ^? spla%es ( col\r into faces is ! prefiguration ( ! mod]n conception ( =m4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ,daumi]1 ev5 m ?an ,rembr&t1 0 ! avant-c\ri] ( ,cezanne4 ,?is latt] arti/1 ?r\gh 8 conc]n ) ! play ( "o col\r on ano!r1 gave bir? to =m m int5sely ?an did ei!r ( ! old] m54 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid on ,daumi]'s contribution to mod]n pa9t+4 ,by reg>d+ ! two draw+s1 ,la ,vi]ge a l',ecuelle & ,r5aude et ,angelique--! "o by ,correggio 9 *alk1 ! o!r by ,delacroix 9 wat]-col\r--we p]ceive ! atta9m5t ( =m by less pr(\nd me?ods4 ,b nei!r possesses ! significance ( ,daumi]'s "w4 ,( ,daumi]'s col\r little ne$ be said4 ,at times x em]ges f its sombr5ess & blossoms =? 9 all ! hot s(tness ( n[ ! ,v5etians1 ( aga9 ! ,spani>ds2 b comp>$ ) ! arti/'s g5ius = pla/ic =m x is ( subsidi>y importance4 ,al?\gh ! inception ( ,daumi]'s greatness c be trac$ to ,rembr&t1 he react$ to _m influ5ces4 ,sugge/ions ( ,monni] & ,granville are to be f\nd 9 8 "w4 ,decamps's ,sonneurs de ,clo*es 0 /udi$ by him & emulat$4 ,8 simplifications /emm$ f ,+res1 & 8 c>icature ( ,guizot _h ! same qualities z t ma/]'s portraits4 ,delacroix also _h "s trifl+ influ5ce on him 9 su* pa9t+s z ,don ,qui*otte4 ,b ,daumi]'s influ5ce on o!rs is m direct & f>-rea*+ ?an 8 own g>n]+s ( inspiration4 ,he =e%ad[$ ! =mal abbreviations ( ,t\l\se-,lautrec1 ,=a9 & ,/e9l51 & he affect$1 m ?an is commonly admitt$1 ! works ( ,manet1 ,degas1 & ,van ,gogh4 ,9 8 sculptur$ pieces1 ,ratapoil & ,les ,emigrants1 he pav$ ! way = ,meuni] & ,rod94 ,ev5 su* m9or m5 z ,max ,be]bohm le>n$ mu* f him )\t und]/&+ him4 ,& ap>t f ! vital new me?ods he br\ght to pa9t+1 ! orig9ality ( 8 subject-matt] l$ mod]n m5 to copy him !matically4 ,le ,drame fa!r$ a :ole s]ies ( ,degas's pa9t+s4 ,daumi] is only beg9n+ to receive ! intellig5t appreciation :i* 9 "t may engulf 8 em95t contempor>y1 ,c\rbet4 ,= if *oice !re is betwe5 ! intr9sically arti/ic a*ievem5ts ( ! pa9t] ( ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans & ! creator ( ,sil5e1 ! pref]5ce re/s ) ,daumi]4 ,! =ces und]ly+ ! developm5t ( g5ius1 work+ 9 conjunction ) ! "r circum/ances1 produce ! f]tilis+ me?ods :i* nature uses to br+ ab\t a f9al fl[]+ ( a long p]iod ( int5se g]m9ation4 ,be=e ! greate/ eras ( all art ! battles h be5 f\ght & won4 ,! desc5dants ( ! pione]s become ! introspective & creative s\ls :o op51 free f ! /a9 ( combat1 to ! sun ( a*ievem5t4 ,delacroix1 ,turn]1 ,c\rbet1 ,daumi]--^! are ! m5 :o cle>$ ! gr\nd & !reby made possible a new age ( ae/hetic creation4 ,to ,delacroix belongs ! cr$it = giv+ an impetus to ! vitalisation ( col\r1 & = free+ draw+ f ! =malisms ( ! pa/4 ,turn] rais$ ! tonality ( col\r1 & introduc$ a new me?od = its application4 ,c\rbet height5$ uni=mly ! signification ( objects 9 pa9t+1 & h&$ d[n a m5tal attitude ( untraditional relativity4 ,& ,daumi] conceiv$ a new vision ( =mal con/ruction4 ,^! m5 7 ! pill>s ( mod]n pa9t+4 ,,iii ,,ed\>d ,,manet ,! purely pictorial has always be5 reli%$ by ! public4 ,! patt]ns ( ! mosaici/s & v e>ly primitives1 ! figur$ /uffs ( ! ,ea/ & ,s\?1 ! vases ( ,*9a & ,p]sia1 ! frescoes on ! walls ( ,pompeii1 ! draw+s & pr9ts ( old ,japan--all are examples ( utilit>ian art dur+ epo*s :5 ! public took delight 9 ! contemplation ( images4 ,ev5 ! delicate designs on ,greek pott]y1 ! rigid & pond]\s arts ( ar*itectural ,egypt & ! draw+s & adorn$ totem poles ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians are relics ( times :5 ! dem& = art 0 creat$ by ! masses4 ,= ! mo/ "p all ^! e>ly crafts 7 limit$ to simple designs1 :olly obvi\s to ! mo/ rudim5t>y m9d4 ,! anci5ts 7 cont5t ) a repres5tation ( a natural object1 ! lik5ess ( a famili> animal1 ! symmetry ( an ornam5tal bord]1 an effigy ( a god 9 :i* _! ab/ract conceptions 7 giv5 concrete =m4 ,at t "t ! arti/ 0 only a craftsman--a man ) a communi/ic m9d1 cont5t to foll[ ! p's dictates & to reflect _! ta/e4 ,art 0 !n democratic1 und]/ood & admir$ by all4 ,x did n raise its head ab\t ! mean level2 x 0 abec$>y1 & consequ5tly compreh5sible4 ,:5 ! ,greek ideal ( flu5t movem5t took bir? 9 art & became dissem9at$1 draw+1 pa9t+ & sculpture began to gr[ m rhy?mic & individual4 ,sl[ly at fir/ & !n m & m swiftly1 art became insulat$4 ,! popul> joy 9 ! native crafts1 despite ! impetus ( c5turies beh9d x1 decreas$ /eadily4 ,! antagonism ( ! masses to ! arti/ sprang up simultane\sly ) ! disgu/ ( ! arti/ = ! masses4 ,x 0 ! inevitable result ( ! arti/'s m9d develop+ beyond !m4 ,he c\ld n und]/& :y !y 7 no long] 9 accord ) him2 & !y1 f9d+ him 9 turn unfa?omable1 consid]$ him ei!r irrational or giv5 ov] to fanta/ic buffoon]y4 ,s long _h !y be5 ! dictator ( 8 vision t 8 emancipation f _! prescriptions left !m a/\nd$ & ang]$ at 8 audacity4 ,! nobles !n1 feel+ x incumb5t ^u !m to def5d ?is new luxury ( art1 /epp$ into ! brea*1 & = a "t ! p bl9dly patt]n$ _! attitude on t ( _! sup]iors4 ,lat] came ! dis9tegration ( ! nobility2 its ca/e be+ lo/1 ! p no m imitat$ x4 ,f t "t on1 al?\gh !re 7 a few connoisseurs1 ! l>ge majority 0 ho/ile to ! arti/1 & made x z difficult z possible = him to live4 ,he 0 look$ ^u z a madman :o ?reat5$ ! entire social fabric4 ,8 isolation 0 sev]e & complete2 & :ile _m pa9t]s /rove to effect a re9/atem5t 9 public fav\r1 art = #cjj ye>s =c$ its way ?r\gh a spl5did evolution 9 ! face ( neglect1 suspicion & ridicule4 ,= s _m g5]ations _h ! public look$ ^u art z ! manife/ation ( a disord]$ & dang]\s bra9 t !y f\nd x difficult to recognise a man 9 ^: "w 0 ! v pictorial ess5ce !y _h orig9ally admir$4 ,?is man 0 ,ed\>d ,manet4 ,in/ead ( be+ welcom$ = 8 rev]sion to decoration1 /rangely en\gh he 0 consid]$ z dang]\s z 8 contempor>y h]etics1 ,delacroix & ,c\rbet4 ,c\rbet 0 at ! z5i? ( 8 unpopul>ity :5 ,manet t]m9at$ 8 appr5tice%ip "u ,c\ture4 ,! "y pa9t] _h _h num]\s cla%es ) 8 academic ma/]1 & ! latt] _h prophesi$ = him a c>e] z repreh5sible z ,daumi]'s4 ,spurr$ on by su* incompet5t rebukes1 ,manet det]m9$ to laun* himself s+le-h&$ into ! vortex ( ! ae/hetic /ruggle4 ,?is 0 9 #aheg4 ,= two ye>s !reaft] he put 9 8 "t to good purpose4 ,he travell$ 9 ,holl&1 ,g]many & ,italy1 & copi$ ,rembr&t1 ,velazquez1 ,titian & ,t9toretto4 ,^! y\?ful pref]5ces give u ! key to 8 lat] developm5ts4 ,9 #ahei he pa9t$ 8 ,le ,buveur d',abs9!1 a canvas :i* %[$ all ! e>-m>ks ( ! romantic /udio1 & :i* exemplifi$ ! prop5sities ( ! /ud5t = simplification4 ,x 0 a sup]ficial1 if en?usia/ic1 piece ( "w1 & ! ,salon ( t ye> 0 fully ju/ifi$ 9 reject+ x4 ,two ye>s lat] ,manet _h ano!r opportunity to expose4 ,9 ! meantime he _h pa9t$ 8 ,la ,nymphe ,surprise :i*1 ?\gh "o ( 8 be/ canvases1 conta9$ all ! influ5ce ( a hurri$ly dige/$ ,rembr&t & a ,dut* ,titian4 ,9 #ahfa ^! influ5ces 7 /ill at "w1 b ! ,salon n only accept$ 8 ,le ,guit>r]o b1 = "s unacc\ntable reason1 aw>d$ x ) an hon\rable m5tion4 ,9 ?is picture1 ,manet's fir/ ,spani% adaptation1 are also traces ( o!r m54 ,goya & ev5 ,murillo are "h--! greys ( ,velazquez & ,c\rbet's mod]n attitude t[>d realism4 ,9 ?is canvas "o sees = ! fir/ "t evid5ces ( its creator's te*nical dext]ity1 a *>act]i/ic :i* lat] he 0 to develop to s a/oni%+ a degree4 ,b ?is picture1 :ile conspicu\sly able1 is1 l ,l',enfant a l',epee & also ,les ,p>5ts de l',arti/e1 ! issue ( immaturity4 ,su* pa9t+s are little m ?an ! adroit /udies ( a highly tal5t$ pupil inspir$ by ! "o-figure arrangem5ts ( ,velazquez1 ,mazo & ,c>r5o4 ,:]e ,manet improv$ on ! av]age /ud5t 0 9 8 reali/ic me?ods4 ,:ile he did n pres5t ! aspect ( nature 9 full1 aft] ! mann] ( ,daubigny & ,troyon1 he /at$ its g5]alisations by pa9t+ x z se5 ?r\gh half-clos$ eyes1 its p>ts acc5tuat$ by ! bl5d+ ( details into clu/]s ( light & %ad[4 ,?is me?od ( visualisation gives a m =ceful impression z an image ?an c a m]e accurate transcription4 ,z slight an innovation z 0 ?is =m ( pa9t+1 x repres5t$ ,manet's "o po9t ( dep>ture f tradition1 al?\gh x 0 9 tru? b a modification ( ! traditional mann] ( copy+ nature4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 saw 9 x some?+ basically h]etical1 & d]id$ x z a novelty4 ,! habit ( ridicule t[>d any deviation f arti/ic prec$5t _h become ?or\ghly fix$1 ev] s9ce ,delacroix's het]odoxy4 ,x 0 n until #ahfb t ,manet1 z ! indep5d5t & pr(essional pa9t]1 0 felt4 ,up to ?is "t 8 tal5t & capabilities _h out/ripp$ 8 p[]s ( ideation4 ,b ) ! appe>ance ( ,lola de ,val5ce ! man's solid>ity 0 evid5t4 ,?is picture 0 expos$ ) ?irte5 o!r works at ,m>t9et's ! ye> foll[+4 ,x 0 hung beside ! accept$ & famili> ,fonta9eleau pa9t]s1 ,corot1 ,r\sseau & ,diaz2 & almo/ precipitat$ a riot because ( its in=malities4 ,9 ^! f\rte5 e>ly ,manets are discov]able ! arti/'s fir/ t5d5cies t[>ds simplification = o!r ?an academic reasons4 ,"h ! abbreviations & economies1 unlike ^? 9 ,le ,buveur d',abs9!1 con/itute a g5u9e incl9ation t[>d emphasis+ ! spontaneity ( vision4 ,by pres5t+ a picture1 free f ! /ress ( confus+ items1 ! eye is n s$uc$ into ! by-ways ( detail1 b p]mitt$ to receive ! image z an ensemble4 ,?is impulse t[>d simplification 0 prefigur$ 9 8 ,angel9a n[ hang+ 9 ! ,luxemb\rg ,gall]y4 ,"h he modell$ ) broad1 flat planes ( sooty black & *alky :ite1 betwe5 :i* !re 7 no transitional tones4 ,:ile 9 ?is ,manet 0 imitat+ ! ext]nals ( ,daumi]1 he fail$ to approa* t ma/]'s =m4 ,consequ5tly he nev] a*iev$ ! pla/icity ( volume :i* ,daumi]1 alone among ! mod]n m51 _h possess$4 ,h[ev]1 despite ,manet's failure to atta9 pliability1 ^! e>ly pa9t+s are1 9 e way1 s9c]e ef=ts t[>d ! creation ( an individual /yle4 ,x 0 only lat]1 aft] 8 fir/ intoxicat+ ta/e ( notoriety1 t ! arrivi/e _s took possession ( him & l$ him to t que/ionable & un5viable t]m9us1 popul>ity4 ,"o c imag9e him1 drunk ) eulogy1 read+ "s immode/ decl>ation ( ,c\rbet's 9 :i* 0 set =? t great man's egoi/ic confid5ce1 & say+ to himself3 ,ti5s6 ,il faut que j'aille plus lo94 ,! fam\s ,salon des ,refuses1 call$ by "s critics ( ! day ! ,salon des ,repr\ves1 gave ,manet 8 *ance to /ate 9 /rik+ fa%ion 8 beliefs 9 relation to ae/hetics4 ,= :]eas m]e realism c\ld no long] excite ! animosity ( ! (ficial ,salon jury1 z x _h done tw5ty ye>s be=e1 immorality--or1 z ,manet *ose to put x1 fran*ise--c\ld4 ,!re=e ,manet 0 b>r$ f ! company ( ! ,b>bizon s*ool & ! o!r fav\rites ( ! day4 ,9 ! ,salon des ,refuses1 :i* mu/ be held to ! cr$it ( ,napoleon ,,iii1 ^? pa9t]s :o _h suff]$ at ! h&s ( ! academic judges 7 all[$ a he>+4 ,:i/l]1 ,jongk9d1 ,piss>ro & ,manet "h made hi/ory4 ,manet s5t ,le ,ba91 :i*1 ?r\gh ! insi/5ce ( ! public1 has come to be call$ ,le ,dejeun] sur l',h]be4 ,b despite ! prec$5t ( ,giorgione's ,rural ,conc]t 7! ,conc]t ,*ampetre 9 ! ,l\vre71 x 0 look$ ^u only z ! late/ manife/ation ( deg5]acy 9 a man :o gave e promise ( becom+ a moral p>iah4 ,! nude1 contra/$ z x 0 ) attir$ figures1 0 too sugge/ive ( %e] nak$ness4 ,_h ! nude /ood alone1 z 9 ,+res's ,la ,s\rce1 or among o!r nudes1 z 9 ,+res's ,le ,ba9 ,turc1 ! picture w\ld h caus$ no comm5t4 ,its dep>tures 9 me?od 7 n extravagant4 ,! sc5e is laid out ( doors1 yet x be>s all ! evid5ces ( ! /udio conception2 & ^? lights & reflections :i* lat] 7 br\ght to su* p]fection 9 ! pictures ( ! ,impressioni/s & ,r5oir1 are :olly abs5t4 ,b 9 "o corn] is a beautifully pa9t$ /ill-life ( fruits1 a basket & woman's attire1 :i* alone %\ld h made ! picture acceptable4 ,?is bran* ( pa9t+ ,manet 0 to develop to its highe/ textural possibilities4 ,f ?is "t on ,manet no long] us$ ! conv5tional *i>oscuro ( ! academicians4 ,in/ead he let 8 lights sift & dispel !mselves ev5ly ov] ! :ole ( 8 gr\p+s4 ,?is mode ( proc$ure 0 und\bt$ly an influ5ce ( ! ,b>bizon pa9t]s :o _h done away ) ! br[n sauce ( ! soi-disant classici/s4 ,9 8 rejection ( details & 8 discov]y ( a means :]eby effects c\ld be obta9$ by broad planes1 ,manet 0 =c$ by necessity to take ! /ep t[>d ?is simplification ( light4 ,7 col\r to be us$ consi/5tly 9 conjunction ) 8 te*nique1 x mu/ be spread on 9 l>ge flat surfaces4 ,by diffus+ 8 light ! opportunity 0 made4 ,he might h omitt$ ! elem5t ( col\r f 8 "w & cont5t$ himself ) black & :ite1 z 9 ! case ( ,c\rbet2 b he 0 too s5sitive to its possibilities4 ,he _h obs]v$ x 9 ! ,v5etians & ,franz ,hals1 z well z 9 nature2 & 9 its bread? & brilliance he _h recognis$ its utility 9 enhanc+ a picture's decorative beauty4 ,ev5 ! col\r ( ,velazquez 0 at times sumptu\s4 ,manet1 because 8 simplicity ( mann] p]mitt$ a lib]al application ( col\r1 0 able to augm5t its ornam5tal p[]4 ,x is true t today 8 l>ge & irregul> pat*es ( t9ts appe> grey1 b1 to 8 contempor>ies1 _! v ext5sion made !m seem blatant & bold4 ,c\rbet rema9$ 9 great "p ! slave to ! common vision ( reality4 ,9 8 ef=ts to atta9 results he sacrific$ little4 ,?is1 9 itself1 delimit$ 8 accompli%m5ts4 ,nature to him appe>$ ne>ly p]fect1 & he pa9t$ ) all ! wond]m5t ( a *ild op5+ its eyes on ! _w = ! fir/ "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,manet realis$ t nature's =ces become objective only ?r\gh an intellectual process4 ,?is attitude m>k$ a decid$ /ep 9 advance ( ,c\rbet4 ,manet pa9t$ s+le figures & simple images devoid ( all anecdotal significance1 out ( 8 pure love ( 8 m$ium & 8 %e] delight 9 tone & cont\r4 ,9 o!r words1 he repres5t$ ! mod]n _s :i* repudiates objects conducive to rem9isc5ce1 & c>es only = qualities 9 art4 ,8 int5tions 7 ^? ( ,c\rbet pu%$ to great] fre$om4 ,unlike 8 ma/] he 0 a virtuoso ( ! bru%4 ,8 v facility p]haps acc\nts = 8 satisfaction ) flat decoration1 = x conc5trat$ 8 int]e/ on ! actual pate & !reby preclud$ a deep] rese>* into ! psy*ology ( ae/hetic emotion4 ,b 9 8 insi/5ce on ! ae/hetic r ?an ! illu/rative side ( pa9t+ he c>ri$ =w>d ! ideals :i* 7 to epitomise mod]n me?ods4 ,9 ?is lay ! impetus he gave to pa9t+4 ,ev5 ) ,rub5s ! necessities ( ! day =c$ him1 9 8 *oice ( !mes1 to adopt a circumscrib$ rep]toire1 ! subjects ( :i* he repeat$ con/antly4 ,9 him we h ma/]y ( composition ) ! sub/ance z an aft]-?\ght4 ,delacroix conceiv$ 8 canvases 9 ! romantic m\ld1 & adapt$ 8 compositions s z to br+ out ! sali5t *>act]i/ics ( 8 *os5 !me4 ,?is 0 illu/ration ) ! arri]e p5see ( organisation4 ,daumi] /ruck ! av]age betwe5 ^! two & conceiv$ 8 subject 9 ! =m he 0 to use4 ,c\rbet m9imis$ ! importance ( objects z su* by rais+ !m all to ! same level ( adaptability3 b he inv>iably *ose1 z ) an idee fixe1 8 subjects f ! life ab\t him4 ,manet c>$ no?+ = any subject :e!r traditional or novel4 ,t he g5]ally *ose mod]n !mes 0 indicative ( t new m5tal attitude :i* recognises ! unimportance ( subject-matt] & urges ! pa9t] to ab&on !matic rese>* & utilise ! ?+s at h&4 ,he made 8 art out ( ! mat]ials ne>e/ him1 irrespective ( _! intr9sic topical value4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly an important /ep 9 ! lib]at+ ( art f conv5tion4 ,x proclaim$ ! "r ( ! arti/ to pa9t :at he lik$4 ,c\rbet w\ld h pa9t$ goddesses if he _h se5 !m4 ,manet w\ld h pa9t$ !m )\t hav+ se5 !m1 provid$ he _h ?\ght ! result w>rant$ ! ef=t4 ,c\rbet1 ! fa!r ( naturalism1 ext5d$ ! scope ( subject-matt]1 :ile ,manet tore away ! la/ tie :i* b\nd x to any tradition1 :e!r ,c\rbet's or ,titian's4 ,aft] him !re 0 no?+ new to pa9t4 ,x is !re=e small wond] t arti/s %\ld n[ h become int]e/$ 9 ! =ces ( nature r ?an 9 nature's mi54 ,manet1 by 8 consummation ( !me1 =e%ad[$ ! conc]n ) ab/ractions :i* has n[ swept ov] ! _w ( ae/hetics4 ,zola1 l him 9 o!r ways1 nev] equall$ him 9 ?is4 ,l',assommoir & ,fecondite portray$ only ! extremes ( realism4 ,manet pa9t$ all ?+s ) equal pleasure4 ,"h aga9 is evid5t ! cont9uation ( t m5tal attitude :i* ,c\rbet introduc$ into pa9t+4 ,! qualities 9 ,manet :i* incl9$ t[>d ab/raction h secur$ him ! reputation = be+ a great] g5]alis] ?an ,c\rbet ^: brutal naturalism c\ld n be dissociat$ 9 ! public m9d f concrete & /rict mat]ialism4 ,= ?is cont5tion !re is sub/antiation ( a sup]ficial nature4 ,b a m]e t5d5cy t[>d g5]alisation1 ) no o!r qualifications1 does n indicate greatness4 ,9 fact1 7 ?is purely lit]al tru? conc]n+ ,manet conclusive1 x w\ld t5d to disqualify him 9 8 claim to an importance great] ?an ,c\rbet's4 ,c>ri]e is an example ( a pa9t] :o is g5]al & no?+ m4 ,manet _h o!r titles to consid]ation4 ,:at ,manet's endur+ contributions to pa9t+ 7 h nev] be5 surmis$ by ! public4 ,8 recognition1 com+ z x did ye>s aft] 8 mo/ significant works _h be5 accompli%$ & set aside1 0 due to a rev]sion ( ! public's m9d to its aborig9al admirations4 ,manet is popul> today = ! same reason t ! less] works ( ,hokusai & ,hiro%ige are popul>1 namely3 !y pres5t an in/antane\s image :i* is at once flat & motionless4 ,z 9 ! days ( ! mosaici/s & e>ly primitives1 ! appreciation ( su* works dem&s no intellectual op]ation4 ,_! recognisable subjects only set 9 motion a simple process ( memory4 ,! ,olympia1 ,manet's mo/ popul> pa9t+1 illu/rates ! type ( picture :i* appeals /rongly to m9ds innoc5t ( ae/hetic dep?4 ,its m]e imag]y is allur+4 ,z pure decoration x ranks ) ,puvis de ,*avannes4 ,b 9 x are all ! mi/akes ( ! lat] ,impressioni/s4 ,manet consci\sly attempt$ ! limn+ ( light1 b brilliance alone result$4 ,he did n realise t1 9 ord] = "o to be consci\s ( illum9ation1 %ad[ is necess>y4 ,?is latt] elem5t1 ) its complem5t>y1 produces 9 u ! s5sation ( volume4 ,true1 !re is 9 ! ,olympia viol5t contra/ betwe5 ! nude body1 ! b$ & ! fl[]s1 on ! "o h&1 & ! backgr\nd1 ! negress & ! cat1 on ! o!r2 b x is only ! contra/ ( dissimil> atmosph]es4 ,! level appe>ance ( ! picture is n reliev$4 ,! c>d9al %ortcom+ 9 a pa9t+ ( ?is k9d is t x fails to create an impression ( ei!r ! aspects or ! =ces ( nature4 ,su* pictures are only flat repres5tations ( nature's m9or *>act]i/ics4 ,! mo/ resili5t imag9ation _c end[ !m ) =m3 ! intellig5ce is balk$ at e essay to p5etrate beyond _! surface4 ,9 contemplat+ !m "o is irritat$ by ! empt9ess1 or r ! solidity1 ( ! neant :i* lies beh9d4 ,c\rbet call$ ! ,olympia ! que5 ( spades com+ f h] ba?4 ,titian1 _h he liv$ today1 w\ld h /yl$ x a photograph4 ,goya 7:o is z mu* to blame = x z ei!r ,c\rbet or ,titian7 w\ld h consid]$ its %all[ness an inexcusable vulg>ity4 ,9 pa9t+ x und\bt$ly ,manet's int5tion 0 to mod]nise ,titian's ,v5us ,recl9+ n[ hang+ 9 ! ,uffizi2 j z lat] x 0 ,gaugu9's int5tion1 9 8 ,la ,femme aux ,mangos1 to end[ ! ,olympia ) a ,s\? ,sea ,isl& sett+4 ,su* adaptations are indef5sible provid$ !y d n improve ^u _! orig9als4 ,!re is no improvem5t 9 ,gaugu9's ,v5us2 & ,manet's picture1 :ile x advances on ,titian 9 attitude1 is a decid$ retrogression view$ f ! /&po9t ( =m4 ,9 su* pictures z ! ,olympia1 ,nana & ,la ,j>reti]e we recognise ,manet's ef=t to obta9 notoriety4 ,he 0 n an ari/ocrat z 0 ,c\rbet or ,goya or ,titian4 ,x 0 n a ne$ = fre] expression t induc$ him to pa9t pictures :i* %ock$ by _! unconv5tionality1 b a desire to abas\rdir les b\rgeois4 ,9 *oos+ 8 subject-matt] he always _h a def9ite end 9 view 9 relation to ! public2 b 8 conceptions 7 spontane\s & 7 record$ )\t delib]ation4 ,he pa9t$ ) b little ?\ght z to 8 me?od4 ,?is fact is no d\bt felt by ! public & held 9 8 fav\r by ^? :o believe 9 ! involunt>y inspiration ( ! arti/4 ,b art _c be judg$ by su* *ildi% crit]ia4 ,c "o imag9e ,giotto1 ,mi*elangelo or1 to come ne>] our day1 ,cezanne pa9t+ )\t giv+ ! close/ & mo/ self-consci\s /udy to 8 proc$ure8 ,cr$5ce 9 ! !opneu/y ( ! pa9t]1 ! poet & ! musician1 %\ld h pass$ out ) ! adv5t ( ,delacroix2 b ! seem+ my/]y ( art is s deeply root$ 9 public ignorance t _m g5]ations mu/ pass be=e x c be eradicat$4 ,! tru? is t ,manet himself _h no precise idea ( :at he really wi%$ to accompli%4 ,up to ! la/ ye> ( 8 life he grop$ t5tatively t[>d a goal1 ! outl9es ( :i* 7 nev] q di/9ct4 ,we today1 look+ back ^u 8 ef=ts1 c judge 8 motivat+ influ5ces ) "s degree ( surety4 ,9 br++ ab\t ! p>adox ( /aticis+ ,c\rbet1 ,manet fem9is$ him4 ,he turn$ ,c\rbet's blacks & greys into pretty col\rs1 & !reby turn$ 8 modell+ into silh\ette & flatt5$ 8 volumes4 ,?us 0 ,c\rbet n only made effem9ate b popul>is$4 ,comp>e ! sup]ficially simil> pictures1 ,le ,hamac ( ,c\rbet & ,manet's ,le ,repos4 ,9 ! =m] ! movem5t 9 composition accords ) ! l&scape & is c>ri$ out 9 ! pose ( ! woman's arms & 9 ! disposition ( ! legs4 ,! figure 9 ! latt] picture is little m ?an an ornam5t--a symmetrical articulation4 ,manet has "h translat$ ! rhy?m ( dep? into l9e> balance4 ,9 ?is levell+ process all ^? qualities :i* raise pa9t+ above simple mosaics are lo/4 ,a picture ?us treat$ becomes a patt]n1 incapable ( embody+ any emotional significance4 ,manet's pa9t+s are rememb]$ because !y are s in/antane\s a vision ( _! subjects4 ,= ?is same reason ,goya is rememb]$2 b b5ea? ! ,spani>d's broad oppositions ( tone is a limpid dep? 9 :i* ! intellig5ce d>ts l a fi% 9 an aqu>ium4 ,9 ,manet ! impassable b>ri] ( ext]nals %uts out t _w :i* exi/s on ! fur!r side ( a picture's surface4 ,9 ,manet we h ! summ+ up ( ! pictorial expression ( all "t4 ,8 love = decoration nev] left him long en\gh = him to exp]im5t ) ! pr(\nd] phases ( pa9t+4 ,9 _m ( 8 canvases he 0 little m ?an an exalt$ po/]-mak]4 ,8 ,r5dez-v\s de ,*ats 0 frankly a primitive arrangem5t ( flat draw+1 z flat z a pr9t by ,mitsuoki4 ,ev5 details & texture 7 elim9at$ f x4 ,x 0 a /atem5t ( 8 !ories r$uc$ to _! b>e elem5ts4 ,yet1 ?\gh exagg]at$1 ! picture 0 repres5tative ( 8 aims4 ,a patt]n to him 0 =m4 ,c\rbet's ability to model an eye 0 ! cause ( ,manet's repudiat+ ! pa9t] ( ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans4 ,! two m5 7 anti!tical2 & 9 t anti!sis we h ,manet's aspirations fully elucidat$4 ,ev5 lat] 9 life :5 he took ! figure out ( doors he 0 unable to %ake (f ! influ5ce ( ! silh\ette4 ,b ! silh\ette _c exi/ en pla9 air4 ,light volatilises design4 ,?is k acc\nts = ,r5oir's e>ly sunlight effects4 ,manet nev] advanc$ s f>4 ,! limitations & a*ievem5ts ( ,manet are summ$ up 9 8 pa9t+1 ,le ,dejeun] sur l',h]be4 ,?is picture is und\bt$ly int]e/+ 9 its black-&-:ite values & 9 its fre$om f ! conv5tions ( traditional composition4 ,at fir/ view its !me may impress "o z an attempt at piquancy1 b on clos] inspection ! actual subject dim9i%es s mu* 9 importance t x might h be5 ) equal effect a simple l&scape or a /ill-life4 ,!re is no attempt at composition 9 ! classic s5se4 ,ev5 surface rhy?m is entirely miss+3 ! tonal masses decid$ly ov]weigh on ! left4 ,b ! picture nev]!less embodies ! di/+ui%+ features ( all ,manet's arrangem5ts4 ,x is built on ! rigid pyramidal plan4 ,f ! l[] left-h& corn] a l9e1 n[ light1 n[ d>k1 rea*es almo/ to ! upp] frame at a po9t directly above ! small] nude2 & ano!r l9e1 :i* beg9s 9 ! l[] "r-h& corn] at ! recl9+ man's elb[1 runs upw>d to 8 cap1 & is !n c>ri$ out 9 ! %ad[ & light ( ! foliage s t x meets ! l9e asc5d+ f ! o!r side4 ,! base ( ^! two conv]g+ l9es is =m$ by ano!r l9e :i* runs f ! man's elb[ along 8 ext5d$ leg4 ,?is is ! picture's important triangle4 ,b a second>y "o is =m$ by a l9e :i* beg9s at ! juncture ( ! tree & %ad[ 9 ! l[] "r-h& corn]1 ext5ds along ! cane & ! second man's sleeve to 8 head1 & !n drops1 by way ( ! l>ge nude's head & %\ld]1 to ! basket ( fruit at ! bottom4 ,?is angul>ity ( design is se5 9 ! "w ( all primitive-m9d$ peoples1 & is notably conspicu\s 9 ! e>ly ,egyptians1 ! ar*aic ,greeks & ! ,assyrians ( ! eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x is inv>iably ! product ( ! /atic intellig5ce into :i* ! compreh5sion ( ae/hetic movem5t has nev] ent]$4 ,x is ! result ( a desire to plant objects solidly & immovably 9 ! gr\nd4 ,^? arti/s :o express !mselves ?r\gh x are m5 ^: m9ds are incapable ( grasp+ ! rhy?mic attributes ( pr(\nd composition4 ,manet repeats ?is triangul> design 9 ! ,olympia :]e ! two adjo9+ pyramids ( cont\r are s obvi\s t x is unnecess>y to describe !m4 ,! figures 9 canvases su* z ,la ,*anteuse des ,rues1 ,la ,femme au ,p]roquet1 ,eva ,gonzales & ,emile ,zola are con/ruct$ simil>ly2 & 9 gr\ps l ,en ,bateau & ,les ,anges au ,tombeau 7! latt] ( :i* recalls1 by its arrangem5t & light+1 ! ,!tis et ,jupit] ( ,+res7 is express$ ! m5tal immobility :i* *>act]is$ ,conegliano1 ,rond9elli1 ,robu/i & _! sev5te5?-c5tury exempl>s1 de ,la ,fosse1 ,le ,moyne & ,rigaud4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le ,,dejeun] ,,sur ,l',,h]be by ,,manet ,if1 h[ev]1 ,manet fail$ 9 ! l>g] te/s1 he excell$ 9 8 ability to beautify ! surfaces ( 8 models4 ,8 pa9t+ ( texture is p]haps ! mo/ compet5t t has ev] be5 a*iev$4 ,9 8 fle%1 fruits & /uffs1 ! s5sation ( h>d1 s(t1 r\gh or velvety ext]iors rea*es its highe/ degree ( pictorial atta9m5t4 ,^! _m & v>i$ textures are reunit$ 9 8 ,le ,dejeun]--a canvas :i* mu/ n be confus$ ) ,le ,dejeun] sur l',h]be4 ,"h we h a plant1 a vase1 f\r diff]5t mat]ials 9 ! boy's clo?+1 a /raw hat1 a brass jug ) all its reflections1 a table clo?1 a wall1 an old sword1 glassw>e1 fruit & liquid4 ,x is an orgy ( textures1 & ,manet mu/ h glori$ 9 x4 ,"o critic ( ! day wond]$ :y oy/]s & a cut lemon lay on ! breakfa/ table4 ,b we wond] :y a cat ) fluffy fur is n !re also4 ,ca/agn>y sugge/$ t ,manet1 feel+ himself to be ! ma/] ( /ill-life1 br\ght e possible texture into a s+le canvas = purposes ( contra/ & because he delight$ 9 ! mat]ial quality ( objects4 ,b ! reason goes deep]4 ,manet 0 a sup]latively consci\s te*nician1 & t sacree commodite de la brosse1 s displeas+ to ,delacroix1 0 8 greate/ intoxication4 ,hals also 0 s$uc$ by x4 ,lat]1 :5 ! new vision ( light 0 communicat$ to ,manet by ! ,impressioni/s1 8 obsession = ! purely te*nical dim9i%$ 9 int5sity4 ,9 t topical bid = popul>ity1 ! ,combat du ,k]seage et de l',alabama1 we detect 8 int]e/ 9 a new economy ( means :i* w\ld facilitate 8 se>* = broad] illum9ation4 ,?is me?od took a /ep =w>d 9 ,le ,port de ,bordeaux1 & lat] rea*$ maturity 9 8 canvases pa9t$ 9 #ahhb1 ( :i* ,le ,j>d9 de ,bellevue is a good example4 ,b despite 8 h]oic ef=ts1 ^! la/ pictures1 pa9t$ a ye> be=e he di$ :5 p>alysis _h already claim$ him & he 0 devot+ 8 "t almo/ entirely to /ill-life1 7 )\t fulg5cy1 & nev] approa*$ ! ri*ness ( ev5 s slight a col\ri/ z ,monet4 ,repose is a ^w us$ ov]mu* by mod]n critics to designate ! dom9ant quality ( ,manet's pa9t+4 ,f an entirely pictorial po9t ( view ! ^w is applicable1 b 9 ! precise ae/hetic s5se x is a misnom]4 ,! illusion ( repose 9 ,manet is acc\nt$ = by 8 ev5 use ( greys1 z 9 ,le ,*em9 de ,f]1 ,le ,port de ,bordeaux1 ! ,execution de ,maximili5 & ! ,c\rse de ,taureaux4 ,ev5 9 ,les ,bulles de ,savon1 ! ,r5dez-v\s de ,*ats1 ,le ,clair de ,lune & ,le ,b> des ,folies-,b]g]e--canvases 9 :i* is exhibit$ ,manet's greate/ opposition ( tones--! ensemble is expressive ( monotony4 ,real repose1 h[ev]1 is some?+ mu* m recondite ?an uni=mity or t$ium4 ,x is creat$ by a complete h>moni\s organisation1 n by an avoidance ( movem5t4 ,giotto's ,dea? ( ,sa9t ,francis & ,el ,greco's ,annunciation h a simultaneity ( pres5tation z unique z 9 ,manet2 b1 because _! compositions are s rhy?mically co-ord9at$1 !y pres5t an absolute f9ality ( movem5t & ?us eng5d] an emotional z well z an ocul> repose4 ,manet's actual innovations are small1 small] ev5 ?an ,c\rbet's4 ,h[ev]1 _m critics cr$it him ) grotesque novelties4 ,!re are v few books deal+ ) mod]n pa9t+ :i* d n ass]t t he 0 ! fir/ to note t fle% 9 ! light is dazzl+ly bright & ( a cream-&-rose col\r4 ,b 9 ?is p>ticul> !re is no improvem5t 9 ,manet on ! pictures ( ,rub5s4 ,he may h une>!d ?is illu/rative po9t2 c]ta9 x is he did n orig9ate x4 ,yet no matt] h[ slight 8 dep>tures1 we enjoy 8 pictures = _! inh]5t ae/hetic qualities1 & n = _! approximation to nature4 ,manet made _m mi/akes1 b ?is 0 natural :5 we rememb] t 9 ! :irlpool ( new ambitions "o is prone to =get ! lessons ( ! pa/4 ,only by pr(it+ by !m c "o g on t[>d ! ev] advanc+ goal ( a*ievem5t4 ,we mu/ n =get t ?is new _s ( endeav\r is only an impulse t[>ds some?+ great]1 a rebellion aga9/ arbitr>ily impos$ ob/acles4 ,if m5 l ,manet lo/ track ( ! fundam5tals ( ! great art :i* _h prec$$ !m1 x 0 only t _! vision 0 cl\d$ by new exp]im5ts4 ,! actual a*ievem5ts ( ,manet epitomise ! second>y 9 art4 ,8 attempt to comb9e arti/ic wor? ) popul>ity re/rict$ him4 ,t he 0 misund]/ood at fir/ 0 8 own fault 9 cont9ually *ang+ 8 /yle4 ,b acceptance or rejection by popul> op9ion does n indicate ! measure ( a pa9t]'s significance4 ,& ,manet is to be judg$ by 8 contributions to ! new idea4 ,8 importance lay 9 t he took ! second /ep ( ! ?ree :i* 7 to exhau/ ! possibilities ( realism4 ,9 art e g5u9e me?od is consummat$ be=e a new "o c take its place4 ,mi*elangelo br\ght ar*itecture to its highe/ po9t ( developm5t2 ,rub5s1 l9e> pa9t+2 ! ,impressioni/s1 ! /udy ( light2 ,bee?ov51 ! classic ideal 9 music2 ,sw9burne1 ! rhym$ lyric4 ,9 fact1 only aft] ! epuisem5t ( a c]ta9 l9e ( endeav\r1 is felt ! necessity to seek = a new & m adequate means ( expression4 ,manet help$ br+ to a close a c]ta9 phase ( art1 ?us ha/5+ ! adv5t ( o!r & great] m54 ,8 accompli%m5ts n[ /& = all t is academic & /ud5t-l2 & al?\gh 8 int]e/ z an innovator pass$ out ) ! appe>ance ( ,piss>ro & ,monet1 m5 g on imitat+ 8 ext]nals & us+ 8 bru%+4 ,9 ! same s5se t ,velazquez is a great pa9t]1 s is ,manet4 ,8 influ5ce has s]v$ ! purpose ( help+ turn aside ! academicians f _! emulation ( ,italian pa9t+4 ,,iv ,,! ,,e>ly ,,impressioni/s ,c\rbet 0 ! fir/ pa9t] to turn 8 att5tion to naturalism4 ,manet c>ri$ =w>d ,c\rbet's /&>d4 ,impressionism took ! la/ /ep1 & br\ght to a close ! objectively reali/ic conception 9 pa9t+4 ,by ?is f9al developm5t ( naturali/ic means unlimit$ opportunities = a*ievem5t 7 (f]$4 ,impressioni/ic me?ods are n[ employ$ by a va/ army ( pa9t]s 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 & ! numb] ( canvases :i* owe _! exi/5ce to ^! discov]ies is c\ntless4 ,specifically ,impressionism is ocul> realism4 ,x repres5ts t side ( actuality :i* has to d ) light express$ by col\r2 & deals ) a mann] ( approa*+ natural valuations :]eby ! pa9t] is p]mitt$ to transf] a sc5e or subject to 8 canvas 9 su* a way t x w give ! spectator ! s5sation ( dazzl+ light1 broad atmosph]e & tru?ful col\rs4 ,to accompli% ?is ,impressionism conf9es itself to ! play ( a light f a giv5 s\rce--its reflections & di/ributions on an object or a l&scape4 ,!re=e1 x is ! re/rict$ /udy ( ! disappe>ance ( ! local col\r 9 a model1 & ( ! lum9osity & div]g5cies ( tones to be f\nd 9 %ad[4 ,x approximates to a nature :i* becomes1 = ! mom5t1 a !atre ( *romatic light s5sations4 ,subject-matt] gave ! ,impressioni/s no conc]n4 ,!y advanc$ mat]ially on ! _s 9 ,manet :i* l$ him to pa9t any object at h& because ( its susceptibility to arti/ic treatm5t4 ,! ,impressioni/s pa9t$ any?+1 n alone = ae/hetic reasons1 b because all objects make !mselves visible by means ( light & %ad[4 ,?is mann] ( pa9t+ 0 ! ultimate divorce ( ! picture f any conv5tion1 :e!r ( arrangem5t1 ( draw+ or ( a fix$ palette4 ,h]e9 x 0 an ela/ic process p> excell5ce1 ) no def9$ limitations4 ,impressionism1 ?\gh analytic & self-consci\s1 0 n bas$ on sci5ce4 ,"o may look 9 va9 = p>allels betwe5 its !ories & ^? ( ,dove1 ,?omas ,"y & ,*evreul4 ,x 0 ! imitation1 pure & simple1 ( ! dis9tegrations ( col\r 9 nature's broad planes4 ,& ?is a*ievem5t ( div]sity 9 simplicity 0 br\ght ab\t by ! only me?od possible3--! juxtaposition ( myriad t9ts4 ,9 o!r words1 ,impressionism 0 a /atem5t t vision is ! result ( col\r =ces com+ into contact ) ! ret9a4 ,h[ev]1 ! m5 ( ! movem5t did n see nature z an agglom]ation ( col\r$ spots1 b z a s]ies ( planes made vibrant by light4 ,to reproduce ?is vibration !y 7 necessitat$ to use nature's me?ods3 !y broke up surfaces into s5sitive p>ts1 ea* "o ( :i* 0 a sep>ate t9t4 ,!re are no broad planes ( unifi$ col\r 9 nature4 ,9 ea* natural atom are absorption & reflection2 & ! prepond]ance ( ei!r ( ^! two attributes results 9 a specific col\r4 ,be=e ! adv5t ( ?is new s*ool pa9t]s _h made w>m or cold gre5 by comb9+ gre5 ) yell[ o*re or raw si5na1 or by ! admixture ( blues & purples4 ,b ! ,impressioni/s laid on ^! col\rs1 pure or modifi$1 side by side1 & let ! eye d ! "w ( bl5d+4 ,!y discov]$ n only t 9 gre5 ! %ad[ is t+$ ) blue1 b t blue is ! direct result ( ! yell[-orange ( light4 ,e "o n[adays has notic$ t1 9 look+ fix$ly at a gre51 x appe>s n[ blui%1 n[ yell[i%2 j z 9 li/5+ to an or*e/ra we c1 by focus+ our att5tion1 he> pr$om9antly ! bass or ! treble4 ,s ! ,impressioni/s obs]v$ t 9 ! mo/ lum9\s col\r !re is a proportion ( absorption1 & t 9 ! d>ke/ %ad[ !re exi/s "s reflection4 ,! association ( ^! molecul> prop]ties is :at produces vibration 9 nature4 ,by ! application ( ^! obs]vations ! ,impressioni/s g5]at$ a feel+ ( gr\illem5t2--! movem5t by contra/ 9 ! smalle/ p>ts4 ,9 attempt+ to expla9 _! canvases _m comm5tators h cr$it$ !m ) sy/ems ( complem5t>ies :i* result$ 9 grey1 & ) o!r exorbitant !ories ( oppositions4 ,b "o may look 9 va9 9 _! "w = any syn!sis ( sci5tific discov]ies4 ,col\r1 n neutrality1 0 _! aim2 &1 z !y !mselves admitt$1 !y pa9t$ comme l'oiseau *ante4 ,birds are n consci\s ( ! metallic dissonance ( dim9i%$ fif?s2 & ! ,impressioni/s 7 equally unaw>e ( ! h>%ness ( r$ ) gre51 blue ) orange1 yell[ ) violet4 ,!y only sub/itut$ a balance ( cold & w>m col\rs = ! balance ( l9es :i* ! old] pa9t]s _h us$4 ,!y copi$ ! t9ts !y f\nd 9 nature aft] analys+ nature's processes1 9 ord] to arrive clos] to its visual effect4 ,9 "o way !y almo/ a*iev$ col\r photography1 = _! /udy1 9 its n>r[ "*1 0 deep1 & _! vision 0 highly reali/ic4 ,b :]eas !y depict$ nature1 !y c\ld call x up only 9 its in/antane\s aspects4 ,9 ?is ephem]ality alone 7 !y impressioni/s2 inde$1 _! me?ods 7 ! mo/ exact & prob+ ( any pa9t]s ( t "t4 ,ea* h\r ( ! day raises or l[]s ! col\r values 9 nature2 & he :o w\ld copy nature's =m z a p]man5t int]pretation mu/ ignore ! exactitude ( its reflections & approximate only to its local col\rs4 ,?is latt] me?od is m truly impressionism ?an ! !ories ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,!y repudiat$ local col\rs z be+ too illusory1 hold+ t ! mo/ highly col\r$ object modifies its t9t "u ! influ5ce ( ! lea/ v>iation ( light4 ,! po9t is te*nically true1 b x is an obs]vation 9 objective rese>*1 & ! ^w ,impressionism mu/ n be accept$ z explanatory ( ! me?ods ( ! s*ool x designates4 ,by decompos+ ! p>ts ( a surface1 9 ord] to repres5t objects 9 _! atmosph]ic mat]iality1 ! ,impressioni/s 7 impell$ by a =ce /rong] ?an a m]e desire = sup]ficial accuracy3 !y felt ! ne$ = complete & m9ute organisation 9 a "w ( art4 ,9 l&scape1 :]e ! _m accid5tals appe>$ to lack cohesion1 ! ,impressioni/s a*iev$ co-ord9ation by a unity ( light :i* weld$ all ! objects into an int]dep5d5t gr\p4 ,pla/icity ( =m _h result$ f ! ef=ts ( prec$+ pa9t]s1 b "h = ! fir/ "t 0 a pla/icity ( me?od :i* m\ld$ itself l putty ) ! slighte/ *ange ( illum9ation4 ,preoccupation 9 ?is new compositional elem5t made its us]s =get1 = ! "t be+1 ! old] precepts = obta9+ composition4 ,?is =getfulness h[ev] 0 n due entirely to exub]ance ov] a novel proc$ure4 ,! pa9t]s antec$5t to ,delacroix _h us$ l&scape z unimportant backgr\nds = figures1 & !re 0 no prec$5t = its adaptation to organisation4 ,c\rbet _h compos$ l&scape by ! l9e> balance ( black & :ite volumes4 ,! ,b>bizon arti/s _h br\ght out-(-door pa9t+ into m g5]al notice2 b _! greys 7 insuffici5t to give x m ?an a factiti\s & purely conv5tional unity4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 feel+ ! urg5cy = a m virile expression 9 l&scape "w1 saw a solution to _! problem 9 ! depiction ( light ?r\gh col\r4 ,?us _! conceptions took bir?4 ,_! te*nique1 l ,manet's1 0 :olly consi/5t ) _! objective4 ,to ! ,impressioni/s ?is objective seem$ possess$ ( ! m]it ( f9ality4 ,s9ce ,corot _h c>ri$ pa9t+ out ( doors & ,manet _h portray$ /udio light f e vantage po9t1 :at inde$ 0 left = ?is new gr\p ( m58 ,!y might h organis$ ,manet or ,corot1 b ev5 ! mo/ compet5t ( su* modifications w\ld h pres5t$ an appe>ance l t ( a ,rub5s or a ,tiepolo4 ,!y 7 too avid = g5u9e novelty to cont5t !mselves ) slight innovation2 & !y 7 too mod]n to d]ive satisfaction f ! /]eotyp$ tea*+s ( an antiquity ^: tones 7 unemotional & ^: !mes 7 hackney$4 ,! _s ( s]vility :i* is will+ to le>n second-h& lessons & adopt indoor conceptions spell$ decad5ce to !m4 ,_! attitude 0 a heal?y & correct "o1 = ! cup ( l9e> tone-composition _h be5 dra9$4 ,!y 7 wrong 9 t !y ?rew aside ! cup3 !y %\ld h fill$ x ) m p[]ful concepts4 ,_! attitude 0 indicative ( immaturity4 ,! ,impressioni/s 9 tru? 7 ! adolesc5ts ( ! mod]n art :i* 0 born ) ,delacroix & ,turn]1 & :i* only rec5tly has become a concrete eng9e = ! projection ( inspiration into an inf9ity ( possibilities4 ,impressionism 0 m important ?an any prec$+ dep>ture1 = x turn$ ! ?\ghts ( arti/s f m]e results to motivat+ =ces1 f ! ripples on ! surface to ! p[] :i* causes ! tides4 ,x =e%ad[$ ! philosophical idea 9 art :i* conc]ns itself ) causes r ?an effects1 & !reby br\ght ab\t a fundam5tal re=m :i* made ( pa9t+1 n a m]e vision1 b an idea4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 x is true1 work$ f ! surface d[n1 b !y _h ! dep?s ev] 9 m9d2 & ! pos+ ( _! problem set 9 motion 9 all s]i\s pa9t]s t intellectual process :i* ev5tually w\ld beg9 ) f\ndations & build upw>d4 ,impressionism 0 ! und5iable implication t ! possibilities ( ! old] art me?ods _h be5 exhau/$1 & t a sub/itution ( a new me?od1 h[ev] fragm5t>y1 0 ( great] importance ?an ! sycophantic imitations ( an unapproa*able pa/4 ,b5ea? ?is attitude we feel ! broadness ( m9d :i*1 :5 a mi/ake has be5 made1 does n ignore causes b atta*es to !m diff]5t int]pretations 9 an ef=t to arrive at ! tru?4 ,! ,impressioni/s kept _! palette intact2 b !y employ$ its p>ts 9 a way t made new comb9ations possible4 ,by do+ ?is !y unconsci\sly react$ aga9/ ! m]e dext]ity ( bru%+ ) :i* s _m pa9t]s1 l ,hals1 ,velazquez & ,raeburn1 became obsess$ &1 z a consequ5ce1 fail$ to he$ ! deep] dem&s ( ae/hetic rese>*4 ,by ?us facilitat+ te*nique !y n only r$uc$ ! difficulties atta*$ to ! production ( a picture1 b made ! ?+ express$ ( great] relative significance4 ,piss>ro1 ,monet1 ,sisley & ,guillaum9 :o1 ) ,bazille1 compos$ ! orig9al gr\p ( ,impressioni/s1 _h all be5 influ5c$ 9 y\? by ! revolution>y doctr9es ( ,corot & ,c\rbet1 & to a great ext5t _h adopt$ ! palette ( ^! two m54 ,l&scape pa9t+ at t "t 0 almo/ a new developm5t1 & ^! f\r readily succumb$ to its inspiration4 ,!re is little ( ! /rictly picturesque & /ill less ( ! gr&iose 9 ! ,fr5* l&scape4 ,consequ5tly a s*ool :i* work$ along ! l9e ( old conv5tions c\ld n h exi/$ 9 ,france4 ,b :5 ,r\sseau & ,diaz1 /rik+ out 9 a new direction1 poetis$ ! *>m ( ! hills & =e/s ab\t ,fonta9ebleau1 ! pa9t+ ( ! out-(-doors 0 lib]at$ bo? z to purpose & to fre$om ( arrangem5t4 ,! object ( ,turn]'s "w _h be5 to a/oni% & *>m ! spectator ) nature's va/ness & complexity4 ,b1 ) ! m5 ( #ahcj1 l&scape art took on s(tness1 introspection1 /illness1 solemnity4 ,9 f9e1 x became m intimate4 ,ea* tree & /one hid a nymph2 ea* /ream & hill1 a my/]y4 ,) ! ,impressioni/s all ?is 0 *ang$4 ,!y _h se5 & admir$ ! "w ( ,manet4 ,!y applaud$ 8 reactions aga9/ /udio light+1 & lat] became 8 p]sonal fri5ds4 ,manet 0 !n ! cynosure ( all eyes 9 ! art _w ( ,p>is1 & x 0 only natural t he %\ld h be5 ! dom9at+ figure 9 a sort ( c5acle held 9 ! ,cafe ,gu]bois 9 ! qu>t] ( ! ,batignolles4 ,"h ! revolutioni/s ( ! day =ga!r$1 &1 by _! uncompromis+ _s1 inspir$ "o ano!r to practical prote/ations aga9/ ! r\t9e ( ! academies4 ,manet's eloqu5ce argu$ away ! old] idea ( light+ z a type2 & ! y\ng] m51 us+ ?is negotiation z a />t+ po9t1 gave bir? to ! me?ods :i* congeal$ into ,impressionism4 ,al?\gh ,monet & ,piss>ro 7 ! fir/ to pr(it by ,manet's tea*+s1 !re is no def9ite hi/ory to tell :o 0 ! fir/ ( ! gr\p to blossom into col\r4 ,h[ev]1 !re is little d\bt t ,piss>ro 0 ! man4 ,he 0 a ,jew ) a philosophic turn ( m9d1 & possess$ m g5u9e intellig5ce ?an 8 confr]es4 ,monet 0 ! clev]e/ & ! mo/ en?usia/ic1 & :5 ! new process 0 outl9$ x 0 he :o fir/ develop$ x to its ultimate consequ5ces4 ,piss>ro1 comp>$ ) ,monet1 0 cons]vative1 & 8 practicality did n p]mit him s great an elan4 ,8 canvases beside ^? ( ,monet's appe> almo/ t5tative1 & ! greys he _h adopt$ f ,corot nev] entirely =sook him4 ,bo? ^! pa9t]s w5t to ,london dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 & we may take x = grant$ t ! works ( ,turn] _h an enorm\s influ5ce on !m4 ,!y _h already se5 ,jongk9d :o1 despite 8 adh]5ce to ! sombre greys ( ! old] m51 _h1 five ye>s previ\s1 m ?an =e%ad[$ ! lat] divisioni/ic te*nique4 ,b 9 ,turn] !y discov]$ n only all t ,jongk9d _h to (f]1 b ! additional quality ( joy\s & dazzl+ col\r4 ,aft] _! return _! palettes became rapidly clean]4 ,9 #ahgd1 9 an ef=t to be/ir ! public1 ! ,impressioni/s held an exhibition4 ,! excitem5t 0 all !y c\ld h desir$1 b x l$ r to obloquy ?an to sales4 ,aga9 & aga9 !y expos$ 9 ! hope ( obta9+ recognition1 b n until #ahhh 7 !y successful4 ,! av]age spectator did n recognise nature 9 _! canvases4 ,! vision 0 an unusual "o1 & bore b slight resemblance to :at _h gone be=e4 ,b gradually ?+s und]w5t a *ange4 ,fri5ds ( ! ,impressioni/s laun*$ a campaign ( proselytis+4 ,n[ & !n a picture 0 sold to a collector2 =m]ly re/aurant keep]s & bricklay]s _h be5 ! only buy]s ( _! "w4 ,! popul> press s(t5$ its criticisms & 9 _m in/ances w5t s f> z to def5d _! pictures4 ,z a result ( ^! num]\s indications ( a gr[+ approval among connoisseurs1 ! public1 t almo/ immovable mass ( reaction>y impulses1 began to look ) fav\r on ! new works x _h s rec5tly ridicul$4 ,! great majority ( p _h c>$ only = su* canvases z ^? 9 :i* ! intellect might jump f "o famili> object to ano!r1 recognis+ x :olly1 compreh5d+ its uses1 b )\t giv+ ?\ght to its mean+4 ,be+ ?us int]e/$ prim>ily 9 a picture's conv5tionally pa9t$ details1 !y 7 oppos$ to any innovations :i* t5d$ to obscure ! actualities ( del9eation4 ,lat] _! attitude1 influ5c$ by acts ( au?oritative sanction1 relax$4 ,in/ead ( see+1 z =m]ly1 only a s]ies ( rauc\sly col\r$ spots 9 ^! new pictures1 ! public began to s5se ! deep rev]5ce = nature t emanat$ f !m4 ,?us has x always be5 ! case ) art3 appreciation = any?+ newly vital lags f> beh9d ! a*ievem5t4 ,! true significance ( ,impressionism1 h[ev]--l ! true significance ( all emotion-provok+ art--rema9$ undiscov]$ to ! g5]al4 ,:5 ! mean intellig5ce ( mank9d br+s itself to be> on a "w ( art1 x applies itself ?r\gh ! *annels ( lit]ature1 ar*aeology1 photography1 botany1 m9]alogy & physiology4 ,to be a popul> arti/ a pa9t] mu/ be some?+ ( a pr(essor 9 all ^! sci5ces4 ,) all o!r consid]ations--su* z psy*ology & ae/hetics--he ne$ n tr\ble himself4 ,! public1 ev5 aft] c5turies ( rigor\s tra9+ & con/ant association ) art1 is no ne>] a compreh5sion ( rhy?mic ensembles--p]fectly syn!sis$ =m 9 ?ree dim5sions--?an x 0 dur+ ! ,r5aissance4 ,! two major requisites to an und]/&+ ( ! =mal relations 9 mom5t\s art are a highly develop$ s5sitivity & an active intellig5ce4 ,an eye & a n]v\s sy/em are n en\gh4 ,society z a :ole may1 aft] a long c\rse ( tra9+ & s$ul\s /udy1 rea* t p]ceptive po9t :]e x c grasp ! simple ae/hetic hypo!sis f\nd$ on two dim5sions4 ,b su* a hypo!sis is b a beg9n+4 ,x embraces only ! rudim5t>y ae/hetic organisations t are f\nd 9 ,japanese art1 ! works ( ! ,byzant9e ma/]s1 ! primitives ( ,france & ! pictures ( ,botticelli1 ,manet & ,gaugu94 ,! =m 9 art ( ?is k9d is1 /rictly speak+1 n =m at all4 ,x is balance1 h>moni\s rhy?m1 l9e> adju/m5t1 p>allelism1 co-ord9at$ silh\ette1 s5sitive arrangem5t1 outl9e melody--9 fact1 :atev] is possible 9 two dim5sions4 ,significant =m mu/ move 9 dep?--backw>d & =w>d1 z well z f side to side4 ,fur!rmore x mu/ imply an inf9ity ( dep?4 ,?is ?ird 7& sometimes f\r?7 dim5sion in=ms all truly great art4 ,:ile ! ,impressioni/s did n atta9 to dep? 9 ! ae/hetic connotation ( ! ^w1 !y nev]!less w5t beyond m]e l9e> balance1 = by ! means ( a high] emotional elem5t--light--!y organis$1 9 a sup]ficial mann]1 all ! objects 9 _! canvases4 ,!re 7 no dissev]$ objects1 unrelat$ backgr\nds1 no concessions to ! hagiographa or o!r lit]ature4 ,:at *ance1 !re=e1 _h !y ( be+ und]/ood8 ,_! subject-matt] 0 too ab/ract2 _! effects 7 too g5]al4 ,no l9e 0 acc5tuat$ above ano!r4 ,!re 7 no modifications to a*ieve va/ness or spl5d\r4 ,impressionism 0 ! unadult]at$ reproduction ( atmosph]e1 ! smile or fr[n ( a mood 9 nature4 ,x is small wond] t ! unae/hetic f\nd x obscure3 9 x !re 0 too mu* rapture1 too mu* frankness1 too mu* exultation 9 m]e liv+1 & too little re/ra9t4 ,x 0 ! false dawn 9 ! great mod]n ,r5aissance ( col\r--! mo/ ec/atically joyful /yle ( pa9t+ ! _w has ev] se54 ,x 0 fem99e 9 t x 0 a reflection1 & its hy/]ia may also be attribut$ to ?is fact4 ,! ,impressioni/s seat$ !mselves1 free f all trammels1 be=e ! face ( nature4 ,nature dictat$3 !y transcrib$4 ,nature smil$2 & !y1 completely bl5t ) x1 smil$ also4 ,?is v en?usiasm is :at kept !m "y & held !m to _! initial pa?4 ,to pa9t z !y did 0 an intoxication1 subtl] & /rong] ?an a drug & m elat+ ?an "y love4 ,! vital hi/ory ( ! individual m5 :o =m$ ?is gr\p r$uces itself to a record ( _! temp]am5tal ta/es 9 subject selection & to a /atem5t ( ! degree to :i* ea* develop$ ! new me?od4 ,! individualities ( ! units ( an exp]im5tal s*ool are always unimportant4 ,temp]am5t c dictate to ! arti/ only two phases ( v>iation3 :at he is to use 9 8 composition1 & ^? transc5d5tal qualities1 su* z joy & sorr[1 drama & com$y1 :i* reflect ! timbre ( 8 pr$ispositions4 ,rhy?m1 =m1 balance1 organisation1 draw+--all ^! ae/hetic consid]ations spr+ f deep] matrices 9 a man's nature ?an d 8 temp]am5tal pr$ilections4 ,:e!r "o man is intrigu$ by sunlight or ano!r by mi/1 mank9d is1 aft] all1 s simil> 9 ext]nals1 t "o individual's slight dep>ture f a pr$ecessor1 or 8 trifl+ deviation f a contempor>y1 is ( little mom5t4 ,! true key to a man's g5ius lies 9 8 ability to organise z well z1 or bett] ?an1 o!rs4 ,! compositional figure on :i* he builds w alone give u ! sub/ance ( 8 "*4 ,we are all capable ( receiv+ s5sations3 we h our p]sonal likes & dislikes = subjects1 ev5 = actions & smells4 ,b ^! *oices are ! outgr[?s ( our in/9cts1 m]e habits ( association4 ,9 n[ise are !y fundam5tal4 ,!y are ! physiological recognition ( pleasant or unpleasant impressions4 ,_! importance is limit$ to ! individual :o exp]i5ces !m4 ,be+ ! results ( receptivity1 !y h no m to d basically ) ! ae/hetic expression ( an arti/ ^: "w is pure creation1 ?an phonograph disks ) ! s\nds !y receive4 ,by ! intellig5ce alone c a man be judg$4 ,"h !re is ord]1 ext5sive 9 arti/s l ,mi*elangelo1 p>tially re/rict$ 9 su* pa9t]s z ,el ,greco & ,giorgione1 & sev]ely limit$ z 9 ! case ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ n be impli$ t ! intellig5ce alone c create4 ,su* a cont5tion w\ld be prepo/]\s2 b x is true t impressions mu/ fir/ be consci\sly organis$ be=e !y c be giv5 concrete expression4 ,! intellig5ce ( ,piss>ro 0 syn!tic to a small ext5t1 b n once did x exhibit signs ( ext5d$ app]ception4 ,he ?\ght cle>ly up to a c]ta9 po9t beyond :i* 8 art nev] w5t4 ,8 temp]am5t 0 n an uncommon "o among ,hebrews4 ,he view$ life z a social re=m] :o reg>ds ! _w z a sad place1 b "o susceptible ( improvem5t4 ,f ?is psy*ological /&po9t he pa9t$4 ,8 pictures depict ubiquit\s greys1 occasionally bright5$ by a /ream ( lurid light2 sombre sc5es 9 :i* ! impression is "o ( late aft]noon2 peasants :o seem we>i$ ( _! unceas+ & ?ankless lab\rs2 gaunt trees :i* epitomise ! decay ( ! ye>4 ,8 te*nique is n dissimil> to t ( ,jongk9d1 & 8 draw+ is alli$ to ! con/ruction f\nd 9 ! ,dut* l&scapi/s ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury r ?an 9 ^? ( 8 own gr\p4 ,t he 0 ! transition f ,jongk9d to ,monet is a plausible cont5tion2 9 him are f\nd qualities ( bo? ^! o!r pa9t]s4 ,b he 0 too consci5ti\s ev] to atta9 to ! te*nical heights ,monet rea*$4 ,if "o aspires to innovation ( means1 graphic traits h to be sacrific$3 /eps mu/ be tak5 9 ! d>k4 ,^? :o cl+ ) "o h& to ! old :ile grop+ t[>d ! new c nev] rea* _! desires4 ,piss>ro's lack ( con/ructive g5ius 0 too evid5t1 8 timidity too great1 8 intellig5ce too lit]al = him ev] to effectuate new pla/ic =ms4 ,8 in/9cts 7 ^? ( a tea*]1 & he display$ indubitable traits ( an exalt$ doctr9aire4 ,b 8 art1 ) ^! limitations1 0 able & complete4 ,cezanne says he le>n$ all he knew ( col\r f him4 ,?is is n :olly true2 b x is c]ta9 t ,guillaum9 & ,sisley are greatly indebt$ to 8 cl>ity ( reason4 ,al?\gh ,piss>ro is ! great] arti/1 ,monet is ! f9] craftsman4 ,he is widely cr$it$ ) ! inv5tion ( divisioni/ic me?ods2 b 9 ?is conclusion an inaccurate syllogism has play$ havoc ) ! facts4 ,none ( ! ,impressioni/s inv5t$ ! proc$e de la ta*e2 & n hav+ inv5t$ x detracts no?+ f _! a*ievem5t4 ,liszt did n inv5t ! pian(orte1 yet he 0 its greate/ ma/]4 ,! practice ( cr$it+ ,fr5*m5 ) ! inv5tion & developm5t ( me?ods has scant au?ority ) :i* to ju/ify itself4 ,p\ss9 0 an (f%oot1 & a weak "o1 ( ! great ,titian4 ,watteau & ,b\*] come to u direct out ( ! corn]s ( ,rub5s's pictures4 ,daumi] & ,c\rbet1 temp]am5tally unrelat$ to ! ,fr5* tradition1 /em f ! ,dut* & ! ,spani>ds4 ,cezanne emanat$ f ! ,dut* & ! ,italians via ,impressionism4 ,matisse's proc$ure is little m ?an a modification ( t ( ! ,p]sians & ! e>ly ,italians4 ,cubism 0 import$ f ,spa9 by a ,spani>d4 ,futurism is /rictly ,italian3 !re is n a ,fr5* "n among its orig9ators4 ,syn*romism 0 br\ght into ! _w by ,am]icans4 ,& ,impressionism1 :i*1 l all ^! o!r dep>tures1 has come to be look$ ^u z ,fr5*1 is incontrov]tibly ( ,engli% p>5tage4 ,true1 !re is small cr$it due ! inv5tor4 ,! man capable ( employ+ new discov]ies 7z ,m>coni employ$ ! pr9ciples ( wireless telegraphy7 is ! truly important figure4 ,b we %\ld n confuse discov]y ) employm5t4 ,s9ce ,monet 0 ,fr5*1 ,france has a p]fect "r to claim ! results ( col\r division4 ,! hon\rs atta*+ to its discov]y are ,turn]'s & ,con/able's4 ,monet1 l _m great m51 _h little s*ool+4 ,he w5t direct to nature1 impell$ by ! new impetus t[>d l&scape4 ,8 fir/ pictures 9 ! ,impressioni/ mann] resemble ,manet's except = trivial innovations 9 ! diff]5tiation ( %ad[s2 b 9 ?is diff]5ce we div9e ! lat] ,monet4 ,view$ cursorily ^! pa9t+s appe> to be conv5tional figure pieces4 ,b !y are m ?an t4 ,! figures h no o!r significance ?an t :i* atta*es to a vase or a l&scape4 ,facial expression1 sympa!tic ge/ures1 ! appeal--all are abs5t f !m4 ,9 ^! pictures ! co/ume plays ! h]o's "p4 ,la ,japonaise is repres5tative ( t treatm5t ( subject :]e9 ! figure is only an excuse = a patt]n ( col\r4 ,! mod]n attitude t[>d !me :i* ,manet h&$ d[n is aga9 9 evid5ce 9 ,monet4 ,its r$uctio ad absurdum 0 ! late epidemic ( illu/rative pictures by su* m5 z ,:i/l]1 ,%annon1 ,s>g5t1 ,zuloaga & ,alex&]1 ! titles ( :i* 7 d]iv$ f ! fl[]s held 9 ! h&s ( ! pr9cipals1 a b[l ( goldfi% 9 ! backgr\nd1 or ! col\r ( a lace %awl4 ,monet1 h[ev]1 soon tir$ ( figure pieces4 ,8 true p5*ant lay t[>d l&scape4 ,9 ?is field he f\nd an inf9ity ( col\r possibilities1 innum]able subtleties ( light gradation1 & ready-to-pa9t arrangem5ts z appeal+ z ! ones he _h =m]ly _h to pose 9 8 int]iors4 ,at fir/ 8 te*nique 0 broad & radiant1 mu* l a disp]s$ ,manet4 ,! l>ge flat planes ( unifi$ col\r :i* lat] 7 to dis9tegrate into a ?\s& t\*es1 7 laid on silh\ett$ =ms4 ,8 boat pieces 9 ! ,caillebotte collection 9 ! ,luxemb\rg gall]y1 appe>1 9 _! simplicity & bread? ( treatm5t1 l ! unf9i%$ und]pa9t+ ( a ,turn] or a ,rembr&t4 ,mu* ( ! b>e canvas is visible2 & 9 !m "o feels ! pres5ce ( ! exp]im5t]4 ,at ?is "t ! w> drove ,monet to ,london1 & 8 exile prov$ a salut>y "o4 ,on 8 return 8 pictures bloom$ ) a new brilliance1 & 8 flat surfaces became fragm5tis$4 ,racial *>act]i/ics no d\bt e/abli% a bond betwe5 ,sisley & ! ,engli% l&scapi/s1 b no?+ less ?an an active influ5ce c\ld h made s typical a ,fr5*man z ,monet pa9t a canvas l ,l',eglise a ,v>5geville 9 :i* ,turn] is s mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,turn] is also unmi/akably pres5t 9 ,piss>ro at times1 z witness ,syd5ham ,road1 b nev] to any great ext5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wat]loo ,,bridge by ,,monet ,despite 8 great debt to ,turn]1 ,manet & ,piss>ro1 ,monet ow$ ev5 m to ! ,japanese4 ,!y influ5c$ 8 /yle & 8 selection ( subjects4 ,f !m he lift$ ! idea ( pa9t+ a s+le object _m times 9 its v>i$ atmosph]ic manife/ations4 ,b :]e ! ,japanese %ift$ _! vantage-gr\nd ) ea* successive picture1 ,monet's obs]vation po9t rema9$ /ation>y4 ,8 composition too1 sup]ficial z x is1 is frankly ,japanese4 ,x is g5]ally repres5t$ by a /raight l9e :i* runs ne> ! l[] frame f "o side to ! o!r ( ! canvas1 & :i* supports ! pr9cipal objects ( ! "w4 ,?is l9e slants1 n[ up to ! left1 n[ up to ! "r2 b seldom is x curv$ z 9 ! m advanc$ draw+s ( ,hiro%ige or ,hokusai4 ,8 k9%ip to ! ,japanese is1 aft] all1 a natural "o1 = ! temp]am5ts ( ,france & ,japan are z simil> z is possible betwe5 ea/ & we/4 ,! ,japanese arti/s pres5t$ atmosph]ic conditions by means ( gradat+ l>ge col\r planes into :ite or d>k4 ,! consequ5t effects ( ra91 sn[1 w9d & sun are z vivid z ,monet's1 b !y diff] f ! ,fr5*man's 9 t !y are conc]n$ pr9cipally ) nature's decorative possibilities4 ,monet adh]es to graphic transcription = ! purpose ( pres5t+ ! dynamics ( a mood-produc+ phase ( nature4 ,b ?\gh diff]+ z to aims1 !y bo? rea* v simil> visual results4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ,monet's suite ( ,les ,peupli]s ) ,hiro%ige's s]ies ( ! ,tokaido or ) ,hokusai's ,views ( ,fuji4 ,_m ( ! pictures are alike 9 composition & *oice ( subject2 b ! ,european has a*iev$ a liv+ light1 :ile ! ,ori5tal has pres5t$ a m lucid & int5sive vision4 ,^! diff]5ces ( purposes & simil>ities ( appe>ance are aga9 disc]nible 9 ,monet's ,co9s de ,rivi]e & ,%iubun's ,sett+ ,sun4 ,a fur!r pro( ( ?is ,impressioni/'s aff9ities ) ! ,japanese w be f\nd by collat+ ,monet's figure pieces ) ^? ( ,utam>o4 ,!re is "o important po9t ( div]g5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ! arts ( ,japan & ,monet's canvases4 ,:]eas ! ,japanese ignor$ texture1 ,monet at all times devot$ himself m or less s$ul\sly to its portrayal4 ,! ,falaise a ,etretat & ,! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t--,london are examples ( 8 fre$om f a rigid sy/em ( sci5tific application4 ,9 bo? pictures ! sky is drawn ) broad int]sect+ /rokes 9 ord] to a*ieve transp>5cy & va/ness4 ,! wat]1 9 ! =m]1 is pa9t$ ) long curv$ /ripp+s to give ! wave effect1 z 9 ,c\rbet's ,la ,vague2 &1 9 ! latt]1 ripples are =m$ by m9ute t\*es4 ,monet's ar*itecture is (t5 built up ) col\r-spots z a man lays bricks2 & ! cliffs 9 ! ,falaise a ,etretat are corrugat$ 9 exactly ! same way ! /rata lie 9 nature4 ,lat] ?is preciosity ( /yle disappe>$1 except 9 8 treatm5t ( slightly ruffl$ wat]4 ,8 bru%+ became irregul> & elongat$1 & he appli$ 8 /roke s t x w\ld m]ge into ! o!r innum]able t\*es ( div]se col\r4 ,8 eyesight 0 highly tra9$1 & aft] ye>s ( lab\r 9 ! consci\s analysis ( col\r planes1 he 0 able to divide ^! planes unconsci\sly4 ,monet 0 arti/ic 9 t he felt deeply :at 0 be=e him4 ,h5ri ,m>t91 on ! o!r h&1 :o pa9t$ ) indep5d5t t\*es 9 ! hope ( obta9+ flick]+ sunlight1 & :o knew 8 palette fully z well z ,monet1 lab\r$ me*anically4 ,8 "w is m optical ?an emotional4 ,he is a reali/ 9 ! same s5se t ,roll is a reali/2 b bo? ^! m5 pres5t only ! husk ( reality4 ,monet1 to ! contr>y1 exp]i5c$ & express$ nature's ec/asy4 ,he is l a /r+ :i* vibrates to any h>mony3 ,m>t9 is little m ?an an eye4 ,bo? f9i%$ _! "w 9 ! op52 & bo? /ippl$4 ,b "h ! p>allelism ends1 = :]e ,monet complet$ ! effects ( ! ,japanese1 ,m>t9 only took light into ! academies4 ,p]haps ?is is :y ,m>t9 0 at once acclaim$ by ! public1 & :y ,monet1 dur+ ^? fir/ d>k ye>s ( /ruggle & pov]ty1 0 compell$ to sell 8 canvases = practically no?+4 ,duret confesses to hav+ obta9$ "o = eighty francs4 ,m>t9 0 e>ly accord$ academic hon\rs1 & receiv$ num]\s gov]nm5t ord]s4 ,monet f\nd himself at home :]ev] !re 0 light & wat]4 ,8 canvases describe sc5es f all ov] ,europe4 ,b 8 mo/ fam\s pictures are 8 two s]ies1 ,les ,meules & ,les ,nympheas4 ,9 ! fir/1 a s+le hay/ack is set =? 9 a div]sity ( illum9ations & seasons2 & ! second repeats a small pond ( wat]-lilies1 9 %ade & 9 sun1 ruffl$ & calm4 ,8 ,la ,ca!drale1 ,v5ice & ,london s]ies are also widely kn[n4 ,^! repres5t acute obs]vation & an implacable inspiration to "w1 = !y _h to be f9i%$ simultane\sly4 ,_! accompli%m5t 0 a /up5d\s t\r de =ce4 ,at sunrise ,monet w\ld g =? ) tw5ty blank canvases s t ! *anges ( sunlight & mi/ might be caught f h\r to h\r4 ,!y seem infantile to u today--^! imitations ( ! subtleties ( light1 ^! meteorological hi/ories ( hay/acks & lilies1 ^! atmosph]ic p]sonalities ( ca!drals & canals4 ,yet x is by j su* self-burials 9 data t "o exhau/s ! ae/hetic possibilities ( nature's actualities4 ,& n until ?is prob+ to ! bottom has be5 accompli%$ does ! arti/ possess t complete k :i* impels him to pu% =w>d to some?+ new] & m vital4 ,sisley 0 ! la/ ( ! orig9al five to adopt ,impressioni/ic me?ods4 ,he _h long _h an admiration = ! exploits ( ! m revolution>y pa9t]s1 b a com=table income _h act$ z a s$ative on 8 ambitions4 ,he did n feel ! necessity = difficult endeav\r4 ,b :51 at ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 he f\nd himself p5niless & ) a family to c>e =1 he jo9$ ! ranks ( ,piss>ro1 ,monet1 ,guillaum9 & ,bazille4 ,he _h tal5t & an accurate eye1 & 8 e>li] academic "w1 done 9 ! sixties1 s]v$ z a practical f\ndation4 ,aft] he _h adopt$ ! m mod]n te*nique ( ,piss>ro & ,monet1 he 0 prep>$ = ! a*ievem5t ( new art4 ,if we _h no o!r pro( t ,impressionism at its inception 0 a %all[ craft1 ,sisley's imm$iate ma/]y ( x w\ld be conclusive1 = 8 appropriation ( its means 0 n an ae/hetic impulse b a f9ancial exp$i5t4 ,b m ext5sive corroboration c be f\nd 9 a score ( academies :]e ,impressionism is taught & taught conclusively4 ,!re is no m or less actual composition 9 ,sisley ?an 9 o!r ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,he suppli$ no innovations1 & he diff]$ f 8 fell[s only 9 s f> z 8 temp]am5t indicat$ v>iation4 ,9 ,monet & ,guillaum9 !re is a conc5tration & precision :i* ! ,engli%man fell %ort (4 ,8 nature 0 less ak9 to ^! ,impressioni/s ?an to ! ,turn] ( wide & op5 skies1 ( ! s(tness & dream9ess ( summ]1 ( t p]fect satisfaction :i* is cont5t ) inaction4 ,sisley's v col\r pref]5ce = :i* ! public reproa*$ him--light lilac--indicates 8 p5*ant = prett9ess & repose4 ,8 *oice ( !me 0 inv>iably dictat$ by a poetical & s5tim5tal ne$ = ! intimate4 ,9 ,guillaum9 we h a man :o gave promise ( good "w b :o1 up to ! la/1 fail$ 9 its fulfilm5t4 ,indubitably tal5t$1 he nev] succe$$ 9 rea*+ t po9t :]e tal5t is only a means to an end4 ,b nev]!less !re 0 9 him a solidity ( modell+1 a real feel+ = ! pond]\s h>dness ( hills & pla9s4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ,cezanne1 & und\bt$ly le>n$ mu* f t ma/] ( =m4 ,at fir/ he _h pa9t$ 9 sombre tones1 b lat]1 aft] meet+ ,cezanne & ,piss>ro 9 ! ,academie ,suisse1 he adopt$ _! light] & m joy\s col\r s*emes4 ,!re is a canvas 9 ! ,caillebotte ,collection 9 ! ,luxemb\rg :i*1 9 its broadness ( treatm5t & ext5sive planes1 sugge/s ,gaugu9 bo? z to gamut & conception4 ,guillaum9 0 ! mo/ mascul9e tal5t ( ! e>ly ,impressioni/ gr\p4 ,he c>$ less = ! transi5t views ( nature ?an = its et]nal aspect4 ,8 col\r1 by its lib]ality ( application1 c\nts m =cibly ?an t ( ,piss>ro1 ,monet or ,sisley4 ,8 contributions to ! new idea1 h[ev]1 7 comp>atively small4 ,he 0 n an explor]1 b foll[$ dilig5tly 9 ! pa? o!rs _h m>k$ out4 ,only aft] he _h won a =tune 9 a lott]y did he break away f 8 environm5t4 ,b ?is release came to him too late4 ,8 =mative p]iod ( developm5t _h pass$1 & 8 "w1 f t "t on1 did n alt] 9 te*nique4 ,only 9 8 picturesque & biz>re subject-matt] is noticeable any deviation f 8 habitual r\t9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,paysage by ,,guillaum9 ,! individual a*ievem5ts ( ! ,impressioni/s1 h[ev]1 no matt] h[ compet5t1 are ( m9or importance4 ,impressionism 0 a new weapon 9 ! h&s ( art's an>*i/s4 ,x has come to be reg>d$ z a faultless fai? ^: devotees c d no wrong4 ,!re has be5 little or no adequate lit]ature devot$ to its exposition1 its causes & influ5ce2 & ! exagg]ation ( its atta9m5ts are z grotesque z ! calumny ) :i* x 0 at fir/ receiv$4 ,x 0 n an ultimate & isolat$ movem5t1 b a simple & :olly natural (f%oot 9 ! evolution ( new means4 ,! arti/s :o fa!r$ x 71 except 9 "o in/ance1 m5 ^: en?usiasm out/ripp$ _! abilities z compos]s4 ,_! greate/ good lay 9 t !y turn$ ! ?\ghts ( pa9t]s t[>d col\r1 & outl9$1 summ>ily to be sure1 ! uses to :i* ?is new & highly int5se elem5t might be put4 ,!y express$ j :at _! desires p]mitt$ !m3--nature 9 all its visible *anges4 ,^? exquisite mom5ts ( full sunlight on l& & wat]1 ( cl\d %ad[s ov] ! hills1 ( ! w>m brilliancy ( a blue sky on ! upturn$ faces ( fl[]s2 ! /illness ( summ] amid ! woods2 ! cold s]5ity ( sn[-clad fields--all 7 se5 & captur$ & immortalis$ by ^! m54 ,!y 7 ! greate/ pa9t]s ( effects ! _w has ev] kn[n4 ,!y nev] /rove to evoke ! s5sation ( weight 9 ! objects !y pa9t$2 & t organisation ( p>ts1 :i* is a replica ( ! cosmos1 !y 7 too busy to attempt4 ,_! v defici5cies 7 :at p]mitt$ !m s complete a vision ( ! only side ( realism :i* /ill rema9$ = pa9t+ to inve/igate4 ,! ,impressioni/s did n embody concretely ! tea*+s ( _! =]unn]s1 b us$ !m all 9 ! ab/ract4 ,delacroix _h sacrific$ photographic tru? 9 draw+ 9 ord] to pres5t a m int5se impression ( tru?4 ,daumi] _h built =m z nature builds x1 col\r aside4 ,c\rbet _h turn$ pa9t]s f ! poetic contemplation ( a great pa/ to ! life ab\t !m4 ,manet _h made images ( :atev] 0 at h& = ! pure love ( pa9t+4 ,! ,impressioni/s turn$ to ! ?+s ne>e/ !m1 paid scant he$ to s*ola/ic draw+1 translat$ ,daumi]'s doctr9e ( =m into light1 & l ,manet pa9t$ = ! joy ( ! "w4 ,z exp]im5t]s !y 7 valuable2 b _! pictures1 to ^? uns5tim5tal p]sons ^: appreciations ( art are :olly ae/hetic1 mean little m ?an records ( h[ a cabbage pat* appe>s at sunrise1 a lily pond at midday1 or a c\ntry lane at twilight4 ,! ,impressioni/s did n amalgamate & express ! dreams ( _! =]unn]s4 ,!y 7 "o ( ^? transitional g5]ations ^: vitality is sp5t 9 a /up5d\s endeav\r to conceive be=e ! "t is ripe4 ,! ne$ = a great bir? _h n yet made itself felt2 = only :5 ! p]iod ( embryo is complete c great art be born4 ,r5oir br\ght =? t issue2 & ) him evolution seems to halt a mom5t be=e plung+ onw>d4 ,! meagre ae/hetics ( ! e>ly ,impressioni/s c\ld n lead to ! highe/ arti/ic results4 ,inde$1 _! animat+ aims _h to be ab&on$ be=e ,r5oir c\ld atta9 to true significance4 ,v ,,augu/e ,,r5oir ,! entire pa/ progress ( pa9t+ is cond5s$ & express$ 9 ea* ( its great m54 ,! creation ( new art _c be accompli%$ ov]night1 any m ?an t ( a new organism2 x mu/ /em f fir/ impulses & be =m$ on ! diff]5tiations ( ! pa/4 ,^? m5 :o decl>e !mselves primitives & seek to acquire ! eyes & m9ds ( ! ,pho5icians or ,aztecs are z consci\s ( _! inability to create new art =ms z are ^? vision>ies :o live 9 a my?ical future & try to prophesy ! =ms t are to come4 ,no man is born too soon or too late4 ,!re are ^? :o /rive t[>d classic intellectual ideals1 t[>d ,utopian economic /ates1 t[>d new ord]s ( society3 b su* re=m]s are only ! malcont5ts4 ,! truly great & practical m5 quickly assimilate ! impulses ( _! own epo*s & pu% ! fronti]s ( ! m9d's possibilities fur!r into ! unkn[n4 ,^! latt] comprise ! malign$ vangu>d ( h]oic ?9k]s :o fight ! battles = _! weak] foll[]s4 ,(t51 h[ev]1 ^! foll[]s rise to great heights1 = 9 ! _w ( endeav\r two conspicu\s types exi/--! man :o exp]im5ts & ! man :o a*ieves4 ,delacroix1 ,manet & ! ,impressioni/s belong to ! fir/2 ,c\rbet & ,r5oir are ( ! second4 ,9 ,r5oir's life /ory1 z 9 t ( ,titian1 ,rub5s & ,rembr&t1 we see 9 m9iature ! evolution ( all ! pa9t+ t prec$$ him--! bitt] /ruggles ) ! *im]as ( conv5tion1 & ea* sl[ *ange t came ov] draw+1 /yle1 col\r & composition4 ,9 ! end1 aft] a life full ( ne> defeats1 /rife1 ye>n+ & anxiety1 we behold ! great man em]ge triumphantly f 8 brok5 fett]s & take 8 place beside ! ma/]s ( ! pa/4 ,"s pa9t]s h m ardu\s fights ?an o!rs1 = ! odds aga9/ !m are great]4 ,rub5s & ,delacroix seem$ ! pamp]$ fav\rites ( a high de/9y3 ,c\rbet & ,r5oir _h to cleave & *isel ea* /ep ( ! way ?r\gh ! adamant ( public suspicion4 ,! _w appe>s incapable ( recognis+ ei!r an int5sification or a modification ( an old & accept$ =mula4 ,h5ce ,c\rtois & ,puget 7 pref]r$ to ,delacroix2 ,rib]a & ,rembr&t to ,c\rbet2 ! ,avignon pa9t]s to ,manet2 ,corot1 ,diaz & ,r\sseau to ! ,impressioni/s2 & ,rub5s & ,+res to ,r5oir4 ,9 all ( ^! p>allelisms1 ! latt] _h _! roots 9 ! =m]4 ,!y 7 complications & v>iations ( _! =]unn]s--dissimil> only 9 me?od & mann]4 ,r5oir began to pa9t at an e>ly age4 ,! pov]ty ( 8 family necessitat$ him to make 8 own liv+1 & at ! age ( ?irte5 he 0 9 a factory pa9t+ porcela9s4 ,five ye>s lat] he appli$ = "w at a place giv5 ov] to ! decoration ( transp>5t scre5s4 ,"h 8 unusual facility p]mitt$ him to pa9t t5 times z fa/ z 8 fell[ decorators1 & s9ce he 0 paid by ! piece1 he soon sav$ en\gh money to give himself an education 9 ! art :i* _h n[ become ) him a consci\s in/9ct--pa9t+4 ,f 8 e>lie/ y\? he _h ev9c$ a discont5t ) ! sl[-mov+ m9ds ab\t him1 & x 0 natural t he %\ld fir/ look ^u art ?r\gh ! eyes ( 8 great revolution>y contempor>y1 ,c\rbet4 ,8 e>lie/ "w1 ( :i* ,le ,cab>et de la ,m]e ,an?ony & ,diane ,*ass]esse are ! be/-kn[n examples1 reflect$ ,c\rbet 9 bo? palette & conception4 ,ev5 lat]1 :5 ,manet claim$ him1 he clung to 8 fir/ influ5ce4 ,= :ile 8 "w n[ rea*$ out t[>d ! sub/ance ( light to be f\nd 9 ,la ,musique aux ,tuil]ies1 x reveal$ at ! same "t all ! =m ( ! ,ornans ma/]4 ,le ,m5age ,sisley & ,lise /rik+ly comb9e ^! two e>ly influ5ces4 ,s9ce humanity has em]g$ f ! d>kness ( unconsci\sness & ! individual f ! d>kness ( ! womb1 x is consi/5t ) nature t 9 a man's creative developm5t--! r\te ( :i* lies betwe5 d>k & d>k--! use ( black %\ld be 8 fir/ in/9ct4 ,r5oir1 l all pa9t]s ( great promise1 />t$ ) ?is negation ( col\r4 ,b :]e9 8 intellectual di/9ction manife/$ itself 0 8 innate proclivity = ! rhy?m ( surface l9es :i* he alone ( all 8 contempor>ies recognis$ 9 ,c\rbet4 ,9 ,lise1 pa9t$ 9 #ahfg1 a ye> aft] 8 ,diane ,*ass]esse1 bo? ( ^! e>ly p5*ants are evid5t4 ,black is ! keynote ( 8 sunlight2 & :ile 9 conception ! canvas is ak9 to ,manet1 x is a ,manet made dext]\s & ma/]ly4 ,x conta9s a balance & a l9e> rhy?m ( :i* t pa9t] 0 ignorant4 ,lise is "o ( ! few ,r5oirs into :i* ! influ5ce ( ,velazquez & ,goya c be imag9$4 ,ev5 9 its pyramidal =m1 :i* :5 us$ by mo/ pa9t]s becomes a /atic figure1 !re is a movem5t at its apex :i* op5s into a %ape l a lily4 ,?is is br\ght ab\t by ! tilt ( ! sun%ade & ! cont9uation ( ! l9e ( ! sa% outw>d 9 ! tree trunk4 ,by j su* obvi\s & simple signs z ^! 9 e>ly works1 c we =etell an arti/'s lat] developm5ts4 ,! next ye>1 #ahfh1 ,r5oir's "w is m net1 m able 9 its balance1 m sure 9 its effect4 ,le ,m5age ,sisley is "o ( 8 f9e/ e>ly examples ( h[ ?is rhy?mic cont9uity ( l9e obsesses a m9d avid = =m1 col\r1 vitality4 ,at fir/ glance we see only an irregul> pyramid =m$ by ! outl9e ( ! two figures2 b aft] a m9ute's /udy we notice t on ! "r ! l9e ( ! skirt curves gracefully inw>d to ! wai/-l9e1 sweeps up to ! woman's neck1 !n beg9s an outw>d flexure1 & f9ally disp]ses itself amid ! tree's slant+ bran*es 9 ! "r-h& upp] corn]4 ,on ! left1 ! outl9e ( ! man's "r leg & arm & hair =ms ano!r curve :i* b5ds back ! l9e ( ! oppos+ curve ( ! woman's dress1 & completes ! figure ( ! pyramid4 ,b ! fir/ curve1 ! =ce ( :i* is seem+ly end$ at ! woman's wai/1 is cont9u$ 9 ! outl9e ( ! light tonality :i* beg9s at ! man's "r elb[1 curves outw>d to ! frame1 !n inw>d1 & ends on ! upp] frame a little to ! left ( ! man's head4 ,fur!rmore1 ! volume made by ! light tonality 9 ! upp] left-h& corn] s]ves z a balance to ! =m ( ! woman's tunic4 ,?is composition is1 9 all ess5tials1 ! same z 9 ,lise1 & embraces t rhy?m 9 two dim5sions :i* ,manet did n "k1 & t balance ( tonal =m ( :i* ,manet 0 nev] capable4 ,manet's m9d 0 t ( ! less] ,dut* & ,spani>ds4 ,r5oir's 0 ! pla/ic & fl[+ m9d ( ! ,lat9 races1 nev] satisfi$ ) angul>ity & immobility1 b ne$ful ( ! smoo? progression ( sequ5ce & movem5t4 ,! recognition ( ! arti/ic necessity = l9e> rhy?m l$ ,r5oir to se>* = x 9 o!rs ?an ,c\rbet4 ,among ! pa9t]s by :om he might pr(it1 ,delacroix /ood ne>e/ 8 own "t4 ,to him ,r5oir turn$2 & x 0 out ( him t ,r5oir's greatness 0 to gr[4 ,delacroix's organisations appeal$ to him--especially ! triangul> "o :i* op5s at ! top4 ,8 admiration = ?is arti/'s tal5t l$ him to pa9t 9 #ahgb a canvas call$ ,p>isi5nes ,habillees en ,alg]i5nes1 an ambiti\s essay to compete ) ,les ,femmes d',alg] dans ,leur ,app>tem5t4 ,intr9sically ! picture 0 a failure1 b x taught its creator m ?an he _h h]et(ore le>n$ conc]n+ col\r & draw+4 ,9 x are disc]nible indications ( ! =mal unconv5tionalities & ! *romatic brilliancies :i* lat] 7 to be su* dom9ant qualities 9 ,r5oir's "w4 ,al?\gh = two ye>s he _h us$ ,impressioni/ic me?ods1 x 0 ?r\gh ?is picture t ,delacroix introduc$ him to ! ,impressioni/s' col\r4 ,manet _h already introduc$ him to ,+res3 & ^! two incid5ts w5t f> t[>d lay+ ! f\ndation = 8 greatness4 ,on nei!r ! ,impressioni/s nor ,+res did he build a /yle2 b f bo? he le>n$ some?+ ( f> m value3--fre$om f ! dictates ( /yle4 ,"h aga9 ,delacroix _h a h&1 = by /udy+ ?is arti/'s uses ( ,+res's simplifications1 ,r5oir 0 able to make ^! simplifications pla/ic4 ,r5oir's col\r up to ?is "t _h be5 re/ra9$ by ! dictates ( 8 epo*4 ,b ) ! inspiration & enc\ragem5t giv5 him by ,les ,femmes d',alg] dans ,leur ,app>tem5t1 x bur/ =? ) all ! =ce ( long-imprison$ en]gy1 & drove him out ( doors4 ,9 ?is picture he f\nd excuse to c>ry col\r to any extreme he desir$4 ,at once ! in/9cts ( ! porcela9 pa9t]1 ev] lat5t 9 him1 came upp]mo/4 ,delacroix1 9 giv+ him ! ,impressioni/s' fre$om ( col\r1 _h br\ght him back to ^? ri* & full little designs he _h pa9t$ on *9a betwe5 ! ages ( ?irte5 & eighte54 ,9 ?is e>ly tra9+ alone lies ! explanation ( 8 lat] mati]e :i* has = s long puzzl$ ! critics4 ,_m attribute 8 col\r effects to ,watteau4 ,b ,r5oir _h develop$ 8 te*nique be=e he knew ! old] ma/]4 ,ye>s previ\s he _h be5 int5sely int]e/$ 9 ! v mat]ial ( 8 models4 ,9 ,le ,m5age ,sisley1 ,la ,baigneuse au ,griffon & ,la ,femme a la ,p]ru*e is ev9c$ ! love ( ! connoisseur = r>e & ri* /uffs4 ,fur!rmore he _h begun to turn 8 eyes t[>d ,impressioni/ me?ods two ye>s be=e he pa9t$ ,les ,p>isi5nes ,habillees en ,alg]i5nes4 ,up to t "t 8 bru%+ _h be5 broad l ,manet's or ,c\rbet's2 imm$iately aft]w>d x t5d$ t[>d spott+1 & ,monet took ! upp] h&4 ,watteau's mann] ( application s]v$ only to sub/antiate ,r5oir 9 8 *oice ( me?od4 ,! ye>s f #ahfe to #ahgf con/itute a p]iod ( ,r5oir's life ri* 9 its promise ( spl5did ?+s4 ,8 ke5 admirations & high en?usiasms made ( him ?r\gh\t ?is "t a disciple4 ,b 8 a*ievem5ts1 small z !y 71 7 m sumptu\s & effectual ?an ei!r ,manet's or ,monet's4 ,_! true significance1 ?\gh1 lay 9 _! assurance ( :at 0 to come aft] he _h complet$ t unle>n+ process ?r\gh :i* all great m5 mu/ pass4 ,only by sitt+ at a ma/]'s feet c "o acquire ! k t in=ms "o :i* influ5ces %\ld be utilis$ & :i* ca/ aside4 ,"o _c le>n f exp]i5ce ! total lessons ( _m m51 ea* "o ( :om has giv5 a lifetime to ! /udy ( a diff]5t side ( a subject4 ,if ^! m5 are to be surpass$ _! life "w mu/ be us$ z a />t+ po9t4 ,r5oir began ?us4 ,he _h fall5 "u ! sway ( ,c\rbet1 ,manet1 ,delacroix & ,monet2 b aft] elev5 ye>s he _h exhau/$ 8 creative int]e/ 9 bo? _! !ories & _! atta9m5ts4 ,^! m5 _h express$ all t 0 9 !m4 ,= ,r5oir to cl+ to !m 0 to /& /ill4 ,if he 0 to g d[n 9 hi/ory z a con/ructive g5ius & n m]ely z an able imitator1 x 0 "t = him to /rike out alone4 ,he did n hesitate4 ,! portrait ( ,mlle4 ,dur&-,ruel1 done 9 #ahgf1 m>ks 8 trans=mation4 ,9 x he a*iev$ ! sc9tillation ( light :i* is n l9k$ ) col\r or pa9t+1 b :i* seems to arise1 by "s my/]i\s al*emy1 f ! surface ( ! canvas4 ,9 ?is picture1 & also 9 ! ,m\l9 de la ,galette1 f9i%$ 9 ! same ye>1 he consummat$ ! fonde/ ambition ( ! ,impressioni/s1 namely3 to make ! spectator feel a picture1 n z a depiction ( nature's light1 b z a m$ium f :i* emanates ! v =ce ( light itself4 ,b ,r5oir did n /op "h3 to ?is a*ievem5t he add$ =m & rhy?m--two attributes :i* ! ,impressioni/s1 preoccupi$ ) objectivity1 7 too busy to attempt4 ,& 9 addition he display$ a te*nique s p]fect 9 its adaptability to any expression1 t its mann]isms 7 completely subm]g$ 9 ! picture's total effect4 ,^! 7 ! qualities :i* ,r5oir 0 to develop to s sup]lative a degree4 ,he _h begun to express =m 9 #ahgj 9 8 ,portrait de ,dame4 ,two ye>s lat] 9 8 ,delacroix adaptation he _h bran*$ out into col\r4 ,& 9 8 v fir/ canvases !re 0 rhy?mic balance ( l9es4 ,9 #ahgf all ^! t5d5cies coalesc$4 ,9 consequ5ce ,r5oir blossom$ =? free f aggressive influ5ces1 kn[+ 8 own limitations & possibilities4 ,?is _c be said ev5 ( ^? excell5t works1 ,la ,loge1 ,la ,danseuse & ,la ,fillette ,att5tive1 done ! two prec$+ ye>s4 ,x is only by contemplat+ su* pictures z ! portrait ( ,mlle4 ,dur&-,ruel1 ,la ,*evelure & ,la ,s\rce t we c p]ceive ! pa? along :i* 8 developm5t 0 to take place4 ,= ^! canvases1 ?\gh f> m significant ?an ! works ( ,piss>ro & ,monet1 are almo/ negligible beside 8 lat] "w4 ,he 0 a man nev] satisfi$ ) results1 no matt] h[ exalt$4 ,8 e new a*ievem5t 0 only a high] elevation f :i* 8 horizon ev] rec$$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le ,,dejeun] ,,des ,,canoti]s by ,,r5oir ,"o ( ,r5oir's important advances 9 me?od is 8 lib]ation f ! circumscrib$ use ( black4 ,al?\gh 9 "s ( 8 "w ( #ahgf !re are /ill traces ( t tone us$ organically1 !y are s slight t !y may be disreg>d$4 ,black 0 ! v keynote ( ! pa9t+s ( 8 day4 ,x 0 look$ ^u z a necessity 9 ! creation ( volumes4 ,c\rbet did little )\t x1 & ,manet bright5$ x only ) occasional fla%es ( col\r4 ,today we "k t x is n a te*nical necessity1 t pure col\rs1 9 fact1 :5 prop]ly us$1 c produce ! mo/ solid =ms4 ,b :]eas we h be5 able to pr(it by ! tea*+s ( ,cezanne & ! ,syn*romi/s1 ,r5oir _h to le>n ?is fact by bitt] exp]im5ts 9 a new elem5t4 ,9 ,la ,balancoire1 done 9 ! same ye> z ! ,m\l9 de la ,galette & n[ hang+ ) t picture 9 ! ,luxemb\rg1 black is entirely abs5t4 ,?is little canvas 0 probably an exp]im5t actuat$ by ,monet1 = nev] aft]w>d did he on pr9ciple lay black aside4 ,:ile he realis$ its unimportance z a fundam5tal = con/ruct+ volume1 he nev]!less felt its ne$ z a complem5t to col\r--! ne$ ( ! /atic & ! dead to acc5tuate ! pla/ic & alive4 ,x is dur+ ?is p]iod t critics are prone to see ,ga9sbor\gh 9 ,r5oir4 ,b _! reasons = su* a comp>ison are sup]ficial1 & g no fur!r ?an ! fact t bo? pa9t]s dealt ) fem99e !mes 9 a simil>ly intimate mann]4 ,no g5u9ely arti/ic lik5ess c be f\nd betwe5 ,mrs4 ,siddons1 = in/ance1 & ! ,+5ue4 ,! "o is m]ely a spirit$ portrait )\t composition or tactility3 ! o!r is an exquisite bit ( =m & col\r1 :i* we feel w\ld be z solid to ! t\* z x appe>s to ! eye4 ,if we are to comp>e ,r5oir to ,engli% pa9t]s at all1 let u designate ,hog>? & ,romney1 al?\gh any su* comp>ative me?od ( criticism is apt to lead at once to misund]/&+4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 ^! two m5 are di/9ctly inadequate z measures = ,r5oir4 ,9 ! graphic arts ,engli%m5 exhibit no feel+ = rhy?m4 ,inde$1 x may correctly be said !y possess no graphic arts4 ,rhy?m is a factor :i* has made itself felt only 9 _! poetry1 & "h x c h>dly be call$ m ?an a division ( int]val1 or tempo4 ,rossetti 9 8 pa9t+s is seem+ly m consci\s ( its p[] ?an any o!r ,engli%man1 & occasionally attempt$ to produce x by ! primitive device ( curv$ l9es4 ,b1 aft] all1 ,rossetti 0 ,italian4 ,on ! :ole ,r5oir & ! ,engli% arti/s are two fundam5tally dissimil> to be e/imat$ relatively4 ,! f9e/ qualities ( ,r5oir's art grew out ( 8 in/9ct = flu5t movem5t1 = int5se undulations1 = hot gorge\s col\r1 = fre$om f all traditional prescriptions4 ,! evolution ( ^! in/9cts 0 by no means a me*anical "o4 ,aft] he _h amalgamat$ ! lead+ qualities ( 8 art1 8 int]e/ w\ld (t5 reveal itself m /rongly 9 "o direction ?an ano!r4 ,?us _m ( 8 canvases %[ a retrogression t[>d emphasis ( light2 o!rs t[>d =m2 /ill o!rs t[>d l9e> rhy?m4 ,yet no matt] :i* "o ( ^! qualities pr$om9at$1 ! o!rs also rema9$ intact4 ,m importance1 h[ev]1 atta*$ to 8 preoccupation ) ! treatm5t ( light4 ,8 exp]im5ts & consequ5t developm5t 9 ?is field are ( initial significance 9 judg+ 8 lat] "w4 ,9 #ahgh he _h evid5tly =ese5 ! cul-de-sac into :i* ! natural di/ribution ( light w\ld lead4 ,! v volatility & transluc5cy ( illum9ation & its matt]-dispell+ qualities1 con/itut$ ! greate/ drawback to its use 9 ! creation ( =m4 ,9 o!r words its %e] beauty nullifi$ ! deep] aims ( pa9t+4 ,9 two decorative ,panneaux ( recl9+ nudes1 done 9 ! same ye>1 ,r5oir makes 8 fir/ attempt to escape f ! naturalism ( light4 ,! use ( light is "h re/rict$ to a col\r =ce :i* s]ves only to br+ =m into relief4 ,f t "t on1 al?\gh he _h _m /ruggles ) its p[] ov] him1 he _h conqu]$ its insidi\s influ5ce4 ,x became 8 s]vant1 :]eas be=e x _h be5 8 ma/]4 ,9 8 e>li] canvases1 :]e9 sunlight _h play$ a lead+ "p1 he _h plac$ ! sun pat*es1 gleam+ & vibrant1 :]ev] !y naturally fell4 ,aft] #ahgh he began plac+ !m arbitr>ily on po9ts :]e =mal projection 0 ne$$4 ,! subtle mann] 9 :i* he con/ruct$ & pos$ ^! pat*es preclud$ any discov]y ( 8 reasons = alt]+ _! natural location4 ,b ,r5oir 0 n fully satisfi$1 & soon ab&on$ ?is phase ( ple9airisme4 ,lat] ! spots ( sunlight appe>$ on *eeks1 %\ld]s1 knees1 or any o!r sali5ts :i* call$ = p[]ful relief1 !reby los+ _! flat & deta*$ appe>ance4 ,?is m\ld+ ( !m into int5se aggregations _h mu* to d ) ,r5oir's fullness ( =m4 ,8 long exp]i5ce _h giv5 him a complete k ( _! naturali/ic effect4 ,he knew x 0 impossible to make !m rema9 on ! same plane ) ! surr\nd+ %ad[1 & he und]/ood ! reasons = ?is ph5om5on4 ,x 0 n !re=e rem>kable t1 9 8 lat] me?od ( apply+ !m1 he 0 sure ( 8 results4 ,z soon z he realis$ t sunlight disp]s$ matt] by obscur+ "s po9ts & acc5tuat+ o!rs1 he knew t by an intellig5t employm5t ( ?is factor ( lum9osity he c\ld at w acc5tuate c]ta9 p>ts ( 8 canvas & obscure o!rs4 ,?is k l$ him naturally to create 8 own light1 irrespective ( h[ x actually exi/$4 ,?is 0 an important /ep t[>d its complete abrogation1 & br\ght arbitr>y means 9 pa9t+ j s mu* ne>]4 ,he _h already di/ort$ volumes = purposes ( organisation 9 ! same mann] t he n[ di/ort$ light4 ,inde$ e great pa9t] has tak5 ?is lib]ty ) =m2 b ea* "o has to le>n ! device anew 9 its relation to 8 own sep>ate vision4 ,!re are few %ad[s1 z su*1 9 ,r5oir4 ,we f9d d>ks & lights 9 sc9tillat+ succession1 b we may se>* 9 va91 ev5 9 8 canvases ( #ahgh or #ahgi1 = ^? %ad[$ outl9es :i* are ! result ( light4 ,if light !re is1 x is only ! light :i* spr+s f our own eyes--light :i* seems to come f ! direction ( ! behold]1 l ! reflection ( a light 9 wat]4 ,move z y w be=e 8 pictures1 x foll[s y1 = x is ! illum9ation ( t "p ( ! picture ne>e/ ! eyes ( ! pa9t]4 ,:]e a =m is full1 !re ,r5oir contrives to h a light fall4 ,?is artifice may /rike u today z *ildi%1 s9ce we h outgr[n our conc]n ) light2 b let u rememb] t f ! beg9n+ ! depiction ( lights & %ad[s _h be5 a fix$ practice1 & t _! tones _h =m$ ! only basis = *i>oscuro4 ,) ! ,impressioni/s light became ! at\t ( pa9t+4 ,r5oir made ( x a vital =m-creat+ elem5t4 ,h]e9 we h its evolution3 fir/1 a conv5tion2 next1 an obsession2 la/1 a utility4 ,s 7 ! ae/hetic possibilities ( light exhau/$1 j z ! ae/hetic possibilities ( ! human =m 7 exhau/$ by ,mi*elangelo4 ,9 ?is la/ /ep ( lib]at+ light f conv5tion1 ,r5oir approa*$ ne>] to nature ?an any antec$5t pa9t]4 ,aft] all1 a human be+ 9 ! sunlight appe>s to u z a solid mov+ mass4 ,only ^? :o look ^u nature z a flat patt]n ( %ades & lights are misl$ by sun pat*es4 ,s1 9 ,r5oir's adapt+ ! s\rce ( light = ! purpose ( produc+ solidity ( =m1 we are cognisant ( ! palpability ( 8 figures :e!r !y are 9 light or %ad[1 or bo?4 ,?us he creat$ ! actual impression ( volume we all get be=e a mov+ =m4 ,?is arbitr>y disposition ( light & %ad[ also gave fullness & int5sity to 8 =m1 & acc5tuat$ ! poise1 s subtle & unexpect$1 we feel 9 ev5 8 slighte/ works4 ,b :ile ?is 0 ! secret ( 8 atta9m5t ( volume1 ! compositional use to :i* he put ?is volume requires ano!r explanation--"o :i* has its roots 9 ! v dep?s ( ! man's g5ius4 ,!re _h nev] be5 su* =m 9 ! ,fr5* s*ool z t :i* ,r5oir gave x 9 #ahhj4 ,! ,tete de ,jeune ,fille & ,les ,enfants en ,rose et ,bleu1 done ab\t ?is "t1 mu/ h be5 ! despair ( ev5 ! sculptors ( 8 day4 ,& ^! 7 b ! beg9n+4 ,_m phases ( 8 art 7 yet to be emphasis$ & develop$ be=e ! ,r5oir we "k today 0 to be p]fect$4 ,x 0 9 #ahhd t he began to appr5dre le dess94 ,= f\r ye>s he cont9u$ ?is self-tra9+ 9 ! precision ( draughtsman%ip4 ,z a boy he _h begun 8 pa9t+ 9 a mann] m compet5t ?an ! mo/ advanc$ /yle ( ! av]age arti/1 z is evid5c$ by ! able use ( col\r z design 9 8 e>ly porcela9s4 ,& al?\gh he 0 driv5 to ?is "w by necessity1 ! incid5t 0 a salut>y "o4 ,x turn$ 8 ?\ghts t[>d ^? ab/ract organisations ( col\r :i* always aft]w>d haunt$ him4 ,lat] he le>n$ all ! tricks ( ! day 9 ! s*ool ( ! reali/s1 & succe$$ 9 surpass+ 8 ma/]s4 ,next he /udi$ ! ,impressioni/s & w5t beyond !m also4 ,!n he co-ord9at$ 8 k & e/abli%$ 8 individual greatness4 ,?is p]iod ( 8 developm5t gave ,france mu* ( its f9e/ pa9t+1 & 8 ,baigneuse done at ?is "t is an und\bt$ ma/]piece4 ,8 rev]sion to ! rudim5ts ( draw+ 0 ! result ( a burn+ desire to develop rhy?m & =m4 ,8 te*nical difficulties _h be5 conqu]$ at an e>ly date3 he ne$$ only dext]ity 9 draw+ to a*ieve 8 end4 ,n only did ,r5oir atta9 to 8 objective1 b1 by compreh5d+ ! pr9ciple ( ! placem5ts & displacem5ts ( volumes1 he le>n$ ! advantages ( l9e acc5tuation 9 obta9+ movem5t4 ,we n[ come to ^? pictures :i* %[ ,r5oir's intimate relation to ,rub5s ?r\gh ,b\*] & ,watteau3 to 8 alfresco ba?+ figures4 ,"s "o has po9t$ out t 8 ,baigneuses ( #ahhe1 "o ye> aft] he _h devot$ himself to draw+1 0 inspir$ by ,gir>don's lead-reliefs 9 ! g>d5s at ,v]sailles4 ,! comm5t>y is und\bt$ly true2 b ev5 s1 ( :at significance is x8 ,aside f ! sup]ficial fact t 9 ! works ( bo? appe> ba?+ wom5 9 m or less ab&on$ poses1 ,r5oir _h no?+ 9 common ) ! s*ool ( ,l>gilli]e1 ,pat]1 ,fragon>d1 ,le ,moyne1 ,sant]re & ,gir>don4 ,9 all su* obs]vations "o s5ses ! re/riction ( ! critic's viewpo9t to illu/ration4 ,an arti/ may f9d inspiration 9 any visual =m1 b ?is =m is ( no m ae/hetic importance to him ?an a photograph4 ,9 ,picasso's pa9t+s ( viol9 fragm5ts we are sc>cely p]mitt$ to d$uce an inspiration f ,/radiv>ius4 ,grotesque z ?is analogy may seem1 x is applicable to ! cont5tion t ,r5oir /emm$ f ,gir>don4 ,= !re is no?+ :atev] 9 ,r5oir's ba?+ girls to sugge/ a psy*ological p>allel betwe5 !m & ! lead5 frieze at ,v]sailles4 ,if ,r5oir saw 9 t frieze an attractive pose1 x 0 ) an eye to its adaptability to composition4 ,9 ,gir>don !re is only a pretty & s5sual *aos4 ,9 ,r5oir we h a ma/]ly organisation :]e9 ! actual positions ( ! "y wom5 are n ev5 rem>k$4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ,gir>don's v]sion ( ! figure ( ! girl ?r[+ wat] on h] playmates1 ) ! correspond+ figure 9 ,r5oir's draw+4 ,! body ( ! =m] is )\t d\bt a m fai?ful replica ( its model2 9 ,r5oir x has become impossibly elongat$ & volum9\s4 ,its head is too small2 its back too long2 its hips are too l>ge--& yet )al x is an exquisite bit ( ri* =m :i* has z concrete a tangibility z t ( a real body4 ,"o _c judge x by its cont\r2 "o mu/ bury oneself 9 its v weight4 ,_h ,r5oir advanc$ no fur!r ?an 8 ma/]ly ,baigneuse ( #ahhd1 he w\ld nev]!less h gone d[n 9 hi/ory z a great arti/4 ,b comp>$ ) ! same subject done 9 #ahhh1 x appe>s /iff4 ,we feel 9 x ! rigidity ( a ma/] ^: great qualities are )\t a direct+ intellig5ce4 ,9 ! lat] canvas1 ,r5oir is less preoccupi$ ) details4 ,z a result !re is a great] pl5itude ( bulg+ =m1 a pur] rhy?m4 ,& !re is also an add$ movem5t caus$ by ! l9e> h>mony ( ! backgr\nd1 by ! hair ov] ! %\ld]1 & above all by ! turn+ ( ! head s t its weight is %ift$ ov] a holl[4 ,an app>5tly simple ?+--?is turn+ ( a head4 ,yet ,mi*elangelo's g5ius1 z well z t ( all great arti/s1 is dep5d5t on ! k ( :5 a head %\ld be turn$ or a limb advanc$4 ,?is k is :at trans=ms action into movem5t1 tempo into rhy?m1 ! /atic into ! pla/ic1 ! dead into ! liv+4 ,x is ! f9al p5etration into composition2 on x all ae/hetic =m is built4 ,r5oir acquir$ x 9 8 p]iod ( s-call$ dry draw+4 ,its dawn came 9 ,la ,natte & ,m]e et ,enfant4 ,x 0 /ill develop+ 9 ! ,baigneuse2 & 9 ,la ,baigneuse ,brune & ,nu a l',et(fe ,v]t et ,jaune1 bo? done aft] #aijj1 ?is k 0 becom+ sure ( itself4 ,betwe5 #ahhd & #ahib1 h[ev]1 ,r5oir's new /r5g? 0 n :olly ma/]$4 ,!re 0 consci\s ef=t 9 its employm5t4 ,?is is se5 9 ,la ,fillette a la ,g]be & ,les ,filles de ,catulle ,m5des & 9 t o!rwise miracul\s canvas1 ,au ,piano4 ,9 ,le ,croquet1 #ahib1 he beg9s to exhibit1 9 8 use ( new means1 ! same prodigi\s adroitness he display$ 9 8 e>li] & slight] works4 ,& 9 ,les ,deux ,soeurs ! effects ( lab\r entirely vani%1 & he once m pa9ts ) magi/ral unconc]n4 ,f t "t =w>d ,r5oir's complete g5ius 0 b a matt] ( evolution4 ,& "h let x be rememb]$ t 8 transc5d5t compet5cy 0 ! result ( academic tra9+1 = ( late we h he>d _m objections to ?is k9d ( discipl9e4 ,we h be5 invit$ to behold ! wat]-col\r & crayon works ( ! untutor$1 assur$ t !y 7 z f9e z ,matisse's draw+s4 ,& we h be5 ask$ to accept1 z a coroll>y1 ! /atem5t t all pa9t]s are bett] (f )\t ! p]nici\s influ5ce ( s*ools4 ,we h _h mod]n pa9t+s po9t$ out to u z examples ( :at inspiration & fre$om f conv5tion c d4 ,we h he>d ! con/antly reit]at$ ass]tion t academies cramp g5ius1 re/rict vision & =ce all expression into /ipulat$ m\lds4 ,to conc$e to ^! extravagant ass]tions w\ld be to ignore ! hi/ory ( great pa9t+1 = dur+ all ! significant epo*s ( art ! s*ool 0 at its z5i?4 ,)\t x !re c\ld be no g5u9e a*ievem5t4 ,no am\nt ( m]e inspiration has ev] enabl$ an arti/ to pa9t an em95t canvas4 ,no am\nt ( uncontroll$ emotionalism has ev] p]mitt$ "o to make an ae/hetically mov+ "w ( art4 ,no untra9$ man1 no matt] h[ high 8 natural gifts1 has yet be5 able to record adequately 8 feel+s4 ,all ! records ( pa/ accompli%m5t g to %[ t no p]son :o has n be5 pr(\ndly educat$ 9 ! purely objective 7n utilit>ian7 =ms1 & 9 ! ab/ract qualities ( pa9t+1 su* z anatomy & te*nique1 has succe$$ 9 conceiv+ an arti/ic organisation4 ,! s*ool has nev] obscur$ or dw>f$ g5ius1 nor is x probable x ev] w4 ,to ! contr>y x assi/s ! truly great man 9 8 self-fulfilm5t & we$s out ! m$iocre man4 ,x turns ! /ud5t's ?\ghts to me?ods r ?an to inspiration4 ,x directs ! att5tion ( incompet5t & m]ely tal5t$ p]sons1 incapable ( ris+ above its tea*+s1 into side issues4 ,?us x relegates _! "w to ! s\p5tes ( ! _w3 :]eas1 if !y _h be5 p]mitt$ to lab\r at r&om1 !y w\ld only h *ok$ ! m>ket ( g5u9ely ae/hetic production4 ,! s*ool tea*es discipl9e1 precision1 & ! control ( wayw>d impulses1 )\t all ( :i* ! greate/ arti/ c\ld only incompletely express himself4 ,^! are ! ?+s :i* ,r5oir felt he lack$2 & 9 ! mid/ ( 8 c>e] he halt$ long en\gh to acquire !m4 ,x may be argu$ t 8 0 intellig5t tra9+1 :ile t ( ! s*ools is un9tellig5t4 ,b all discipl9e is b5eficial to ! arti/4 ,only slavi% m9ds1 hopeless f ! fir/1 succumb to x4 ,! fact t a man capitulates to academic tra9+ atte/s to an incompet5cy s great t1 "u no circum/ances1 h[ev] favorable1 c\ld x h aris5 to a po9t capable ( produc+ great art4 ,giotto1 ,el ,greco & ,rub5s pass$ ?r\gh rigid tra9+ & rose above x4 ,& ! appr5tice%ip dem&$ ( ! old ,egyptian1 ,*9ese & ,greek arti/s 0 long] & m t$i\s ?an any ( our s*ool c\rses today4 ,r5oir's s*ola/ic tra9+ 0 8 salvation4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! tw5tie? c5tury he /ruck 8 pace4 ,all 8 qualities conv]g$ t[>d ! con/ruction ( rhy?m4 ,9 #aijj he pa9t$ a l>ge & ambiti\s canvas ( an attir$ maid comb+ a nude's hair1 ,la ,toilette de la ,baigneuse1 :i* is m ext5d$ & conclusive ?an any ( 8 previ\s works4 ,! =ms lean 9 opposition & complete ea* o!r4 ,9 !m is a p]fect poise :i* subjectively evokes an emotion ( movem5t4 ,ev5 ! lights & d>ks are sep>at$ s z to give ! /ronge/ effect4 ,! v hat & tree trunk are integral p>ts ( ! :ole1 & !re is n a l9e 9 ! picture :i* does n develop logically to a h>monic completion4 ,! lusci\s pl5itude ( =m is equall$ only by ! f9ality ( ! rhy?m4 ,ano!r picture ( ! same p]iod is ! ,baigneuses 9 ! ,voll>d collection1 a duplicate ( 8 ,baigneuses ( fifte5 ye>s be=e4 ,n[ all ! h>dness is gone f ! cont\rs4 ,! diff]5tiation ( texture betwe5 ! fle% & wat] & foliage is abs5t4 ,! l9es are less angul> & true1 & bo? ! di/ant nudes' attitudes are *ang$4 ,! fir/ canvas recall$ ,+res2 b ! second br+s up ,cezanne1 = x is pure composition ) e nugatory quality elim9at$4 ,x demon/rates ! possibility ( creat+ ab/ract unity 9 ?ree dim5sions ) ! objective reality at h&4 ,! picture conta9s movem5t 9 ! vital s5se1 & possesses a tactility z great z a ,giorgione done ) mod]n means4 ,9 fact1 comp>ison ( ^! two ,baigneuses w /raightway divulge ! advantages t lie 9 mod]n me?ods4 ,! fir/ is extremely able1 & has ! unf9i%$ f\ndation ( a great composition4 ,! second1 because ( :at ,r5oir _h le>n$ ( fre$om1 is z int5se z a ,rub5s 9 t pa9t]'s own mann]2 & 9 addition x has an emotional elem5t to :i* ! ,antw]p ma/] nev] atta9$4 ,two ye>s lat] ?is obsession to create =m z an impregnable block1 no matt] 9 h[ _m integ]s x might be divid$1 made him turn 8 att5tion to ,daumi]2 & 9 ,le ,j>d9 d',essoyes & 8 heads ( ,coco he surpasses ev5 ?is ma/] ( organisation4 ,hav+ assimilat$ ?is new influ5ce ,r5oir add$ x to 8 own /ore ( k1 & f\r ye>s lat] pa9t$ 8 greate/ picture1 ,le ,petit ,pe9tre4 ,aft] ?is !re 0 little m to be done 9 ,r5oir's /yle unless he ext5d$ 8 vision to great] surfaces4 ,?is he has n done4 ,b he has add$ o!r ma/]pieces to ! ones already m5tion$4 ,8 ,ode aux ,fleurs 7d'apres ,anacreon71 ! two decorative ,panneaux ( ! tamb\r9e play] & ! danc]1 ,coco et les ,deux ,s]vantes1 ,la ,rose dans les ,*eveux & ,la ,femme au ,miroir are all wor?y ( a place beside ! greate/ pictures ( all "t4 ,9 ^! la/ pa9t+s nature's =m is transcrib$ 9 a purely arbitr>y mann]4 ,_m ( ! p>ts are exagg]at$ to create great] projection or m p]fect proportion 9 relation to ! :ole4 ,texture has develop$ into a unifi$ surface1 & simple l9e> balance has become poise 9 dep?4 ,! col\r+ has gr[n s subtle t x is impossible 9 _m places to tell j :at x is1 = 9 x is a :ole spectrum t makes x liv+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baigneuses1 #ahhe by ,,r5oir ,illu/ration3 ,,baigneuses1 #aijb by ,,r5oir ,r5oir 0 a man :o fundam5tally 0 n revolution>y1 an arti/ :o 0 %[n ! way by o!rs1 a g5ius :o culm9at$ a great & febrile epo*4 ,8 beg9n+s 7 imitative ( ! pa9t]s ( 8 day4 ,he climb$ ! ladd] f d>k to light1 f ! /iff to ! mobile4 ,8 fir/ works "u ,c\rbet & ,manet 7 no bett] ?an ^? ( ,hankwan4 ,lat] 8 pictures began to fl[ rhy?mically 9 simple l9es z 9 ! ,head ( a ,*9ese ,lady by ,ririom94 ,!n !y began to ext5d into dep?1 & z e>ly z #ahha !y surpass$ ,titian4 ,f !n on !y approa*$ /eadily to ! complet5ess ( a mod]nis$ ,rub5s4 ,t ,r5oir nev] rea*$ t ma/]'s greatness is due1 n to 8 lack ( acute & complete vision1 b to 8 re/riction ( x to small works4 ,a compos] :o writes a symphony 9 :i* ea* m9ute "p is an intimate factor ( ! :ole1 is great] ?an he :o writes only an ov]ture ^: entirety is no great] ?an "o ( ! symphony's movem5ts4 ,r5oir1 9 s f> z he w5t1 0 z great z ! greate/4 ,"o _c ?9k ( a ,r5oir canvas m]ely z a pa9t+4 ,x is a new & visually complete cosmos4 ,9 look+ at 8 "w ! intellig5ce ent]s a _w 9 :i* e =m has int]e/1 e l9e completion1 e space a pla/icity3 9 %ort1 a _w 9 :i* ev]y?+ is visibly int]relat$4 ,a ho/ ( influ5ces h be5 read into ,r5oir1 & inde$ !re 7 _m 9 8 developm5t4 ,b !y 7 only ! /eps by :i* he m\nt$ to high a*ievem5t4 ,s unimportant are ! works ( mo/ ( ^! o!r m5 :5 comp>$ ) ,r5oir's p]sonal accompli%m5ts1 t "o may visualise ?is arti/ z a ra9drop on a w9d[1 :i*1 z x fl[s d[nw>d1 consumes & embodies all ^? 9 its pa?4 ,c\rbet1 ,monet1 ,delacroix & ,manet1 _h !y no o!r claim on po/]ity ?an z in/ructors ( ,r5oir1 w\ld n h liv$ 9 va94 ,! ,*9ese1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,r5aissance1 ev5 t full ,indian sculpture 9 ! ,*aitya ( ,k>li ( ! elev5? c5tury ,b4,c4--are all )9 him4 ,t !y are temp]am5tal aff9ities r ?an direct influ5ces none c d5y2 b1 /range z x may seem1 he has traits :i* directly recall ea* "o ( !m4 ,!y all h ! in]adicable g]m ( g5ius 9 !m2 & t g]m1 be+ *angeless & et]nal1 lies at ! root ( all ae/hetic creation4 ,= ?is reason a great man belongs to all "t4 ,he embraces all ! results ( ! /ruggles :i* h gone be=e4 ,9 ! possession ( ,r5oir we h no apologies to make to antiquity1 any m ?an 9 hav+ produc$ ,cezanne mu/ we abase ourselves be=e ! arti/s :o are yet to come4 ,,vi ,,paul ,,cezanne ,! dilettante1 avid = acc\nts ( an arti/'s ecc5tricities1 w f9d abundant & v>i$ mat]ial ( ?is nature 9 half a hundr$ books writt5 by critics ( almo/ e nationality on t a/\nd+ & grotesque colossus1 ,cezanne4 ,p]haps no great arti/ 9 ! _w's hi/ory has be5 s wantonly libell$1 malign$ & ridicul$ z he4 ,nor has !re ev] be5 a pa9t] ( su* wide influ5ce s grossly misund]/ood4 ,cezanne has be5 end[$ ) mo/ fanta/ic p[]s1 dismiss$ ) a c\p d'esprit = attributes he nev] possess$1 & canonis$ = qualities he w\ld h repudiat$4 ,l ,mi*elangelo he has be5 bo? ! admiration & ! my/]y ( critics4 ,& he is at once ! idol & ! incubus ( pres5t-day arti/s4 ,8 lett]s alone h =m$ ! te*nical basis ( "o great mod]n art s*ool4 ,a fragm5t>y phrase ( 8 m5tion+ geometrical figures 0 seiz$ ^u by a ,spani>d & made ! f\ndation = ano!r s*ool4 ,8 m5tion ( ,p\ss9 drove a horde ( ,sc&9avians1 ,au/rians & ,bohemians to a contemplation ( t arti/4 ,cezanne's v limitations h be5 ! inspiration = an army ( h>dy imitators :o believe x is m vital to imitate mod]nity ?an to recon/ruct ! pa/4 ,inde$ x may be said t all art s9ce ,impressionism is divid$ into two gr\ps1 "o :i* endeav\rs to develop "s quality or qualities 9 ,cezanne1 ! o!r :i* attempts ! ana*ronism ( resuscitat+ ! primitive art ( a simple-m9d$ antiquity4 ,= ev5 ?is latt] gr\p1 ,cezanne is 9 "p responsible4 ,did he n say t we mu/ become classici/s aga9 by way ( nature8 ,& did ?is n give reaction>y & s]vile m9ds ample excuse to cl+ ) ev5 great] passion to a dead & rigid pa/8 ,9 8 great s5se ( ord] 8 disciples saw only immobility2 _! m9ds1 r$undant ) p>allels1 h>k$ back to ! ,egyptians4 ,?us has he be5 emulat$3 b1 among all ^! bran*es %ot out f ! "m trunk1 x c be /at$ inconte/ably t only "o has und]/ood him1 has p5etrat$ b5ea? ! surface ( 8 canvases1 has realis$ 8 true gift to ! art ( ! future4 ,& ?is "o1 /rangely en\gh1 is ! fur!/ remov$ f imitation4 ,cezanne's biography is ( value to ! art /ud5t1 = x embodies 9 concrete =m ! factors :i* motivat$ 8 ae/hetic app]ceptions4 ,by ,cezanne's biography is meant1 n ! di/ort$ int]pretations ( ! incid5ts ( 8 life1 n[ s well kn[n1 or ! sup]ficial conclusions d$uc$ by 8 biograph]s f he>say2 b ^? actions & temp]am5tal *>act]i/ics :i* are imp>tially set d[n at fir/ h& by ,emile ,b]n>d4 ,to ?is *ronicl] we are indebt$ = practically all ! au!ntic p]sonal anecdotes ( ! arti/4 ,he _h always admir$ ,cezanne1 & 9 #aijd a p]sonal fri5d%ip 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 !m1 :i* endur$ until ! latt]'s dea?4 ,aft] ,cezanne _h ov]come p>5tal objections & _h def9itely decid$ on an arti/'s c>e]1 he sp5t mu* ( 8 "t 9 ,p>is4 ,_m influ5ces ent]$ into 8 e>ly life4 ,he _h met ,zola at s*ool & _h be5 intimate ) him4 ,?r\gh him he _h become acqua9t$ ) ,manet1 & :ile he appreciat$ ,manet's fri5dl9ess1 he c\ld nev] und]/& t arti/'s great popul>ity4 ,he pref]r$ ,c\rbet z a pa9t]1 & /udi$ him s$ul\sly4 ,8 great influ5ce1 h[ev]1 came f ,piss>ro4 ,= t p]suasive ,jew's memory he always h>b\r$ a deep respect4 ,cezanne's y\?1 if "o may call =ty ye>s a y\?1 01 z he himself put x1 fill$ mo/ly ) lit]ature & laz9ess4 ,n until 8 f9al r5unciation ( city life & 8 return to ! s\? did 8 be/ "w beg94 ,at fir/ he made fri5ds timidly4 ,he 0 a man :o c\ld n brook opposition1 :o 0 extremely s5sitive to rebuffs2 & ^? good p ( prov9cial ,france 7 brusquely aggressive 9 all _! beliefs & traditions4 ,at e ?\ght he express$ !y sne]$4 ,he cla%$ viol5tly & disa/r\sly ) ! local celebrities :o _h ! sanction ( ! e/abli%$ s*ools4 ,9 ,p>is he _h be5 a frank & ev5 g>rul\s companion2 b at ea* contact ) ! n>r[1 self-c5t]$ & righte\s community ( ,aix1 he )drew into himself4 ,8 natural spontaneity & good-fell[%ip turn$ inw>d1 became re/ra9$ & p5t-up4 ,he grew s5sitive & w>y1 & 9 lat] life ?is def5sive attitude develop$ into abnormal irritability4 ,to ^? :o c\ld und]/&1 h[ev]1 he unburd5$ himself on all subjects1 & 8 op9ions 7 always ! result ( pr(\nd ?\ght4 ,b he nev] entirely divulg$ 8 me?ods4 ,if que/ions became too p]t95t1 he consci\sly l$ 8 int]rogators a/ray4 ,!y ?9k ,i've got a trick1 he w\ld cry1 & !y want to /eal x4 ,b nobody w ev] put 8 hooks on me 7pas un ne me mettra le grapp9 dessus74 ,he _h already suff]$ en\gh at ! h&s ( self-seek]s4 ,he _h be5 extravagantly ridicul$ by 8 boyhood fri5ds4 ,he _h be5 robb$ & bulli$ by 8 hir$ ar*itect2 & hav+ money he _h be5 consid]$ prey by ! village wid[s4 ,he p]mitt$ himself to be br[beat5 because ( 8 antipa?y to any k9d ( friction4 ,x is small wond] he became misan?ropic4 ,! popul> op9ion ( ,aix 0 t he 0 crazy1 & 8 *ronicl]s1 almo/ )\t exception1 h e*o$ ?is belief4 ,b1 to ! contr>y1 8 0 ! highe/ type ( ! creative m9d1 always 9 se>* = some?+ bett]1 nev] satisfi$ ) pres5t results2 ! type ( m9d :i* gives no ?\ght to ! acquisition or ret5tion ( prop]ty4 ,8 joy lay 9 8 creations ( ! mom5t1 b 8 desires 7 f> ahead4 ,"s "o :o %[$ him "o ( 8 e>ly treasur$ canvases 0 ridicul$ = lik+ su* ?+s4 ,e day ,cezanne wat*$ 8 evolution3 to him ?is progress 0 ! ess5tial ?+4 ,he left 8 unf9i%$ works 9 ! mead[s1 9 /udio corn]s1 9 ! nurs]y4 ,!y h be5 f\nd 9 ! mo/ out-(-!-way places4 ,he _h giv5 l>ge numb]s ( !m to *ance fri5ds on ! impulse ( ! mom5t4 ,8 son cut out ! w9d[s ( 8 ma/]pieces = amusem5t1 & 8 s]vant & 8 wife us$ 8 canvases = /ove clean]s4 ,he saw 8 "w put to ^! uses tranquilly1 kn[+ t lat] he w\ld d bett]1 t he w\ld realise m fully4 ,8 m9d 0 too exalt$ to be impati5t ) ! pett9esses ( life4 ,8 great av]sion 0 politics1 & unlike ,delacroix1 he 0 above nationality4 ,dur+ ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> he hid ) a relative t he might pursue 8 own ideal r ?an sacrifice himself = ! protection ( 8 torm5tors4 ,:at did he c>e = ,france :5 8 :ole admiration 0 = ,italy & ,holl&8 ,pa9t+1 n ! pres]vation ( nationality1 0 8 inn]mo/ conc]n4 ,9 evad+ conscription he call$ d[n ^u him ! public abuse :i* su* actions evoke4 ,b x pass$ him by3 he 0 too absorb$ 9 8 "w to he$1 j z lat] he 0 too engross$ to foll[ 8 "m's he>se to ! fun]al or to seek a m>ket = 8 pictures4 ,at e /ep he paus$ to /udy ! rapports ( l9e1 ( light1 ( %ad[1 ( col\r4 ,at table1 9 conv]sation or at *ur*1 he nev] = a mom5t lo/ sight ( 8 desire4 ,"o c f9d a p>allel = ?is intellectually ascetic creature only 9 ! old m>tyrs4 ,he 0 ! type t r5\nces all ! b5efits & usufructs ( life 9 ord] to foll[ ! face ( a dream4 ,) su* self-confid5ce no adv]sity c\ld daunt him1 no logic draw f him a compromise1 no fl\ri% ( en?usiasm di/ract him f 8 c\rse4 ,zola says ( him3 ,he is made 9 "o piece1 /iff & h>d "u ! h&2 no?+ b5ds him2 no?+ c wr5* f him a concession4 ,?is quality ( "* 0 a ?+ :i* ,zola1 ! slave ( words1 c\ld n und]/&4 ,cezanne1 ?r\gh mu* contact ) lett]s1 saw ! dang] ( lit]ature to ! pa9t]4 ,lit]ature1 he wrote1 expresses itself ?r\gh ab/ractions1 :ile pa9t+1 by means ( draw+ & col\r1 makes concrete ! arti/'s s5sations & p]ceptions4 ,zola libell$ him at great l5g? 9 ,l',o,euvre4 ,cezanne's reply 0 simply t ,zola _h a m$iocre intellig5ce & 0 a dete/able fri5d4 ,9 _! y\? ,cezanne took ! asc5d5cy ov] ,zola 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5* v]se2 ev5 9 8 old age he c\ld recite long passages f ,virgil1 ,lucretius & ,horace4 ,he knew lit]ature & 0 able to judge x4 ,8 criticisms ( ,zola are z p5etrat+ z any t reali/ has call$ =?4 ,8 reputation = b>b>ism1 vulg>ity & ignorance has little f\ndation 9 fact4 ,to be sure1 he did n des]t 8 "w = social activities3 he despis$ ! poli%$ & %all[ wit ( m5 l ,:i/l]3 & he bitt]ly attack$ ^? pa9t]s :o /rove = salon popul>ity4 ,x is !re=e n incr$ible t ! accusations aga9/ him 7 b ! _w's retaliation = hav+ be5 ignor$ by him4 ,cezanne's "w f ! fir/ conta9$ ! und5iable elem5ts ( greatness4 ,9 8 fir/1 almo/ black-&-:ite /ill-lives1 execut$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,c\rbet 7x is n t5able t !y 7 done "u ,manet1 z is commonly believ$3 !y are too solidly =m$ = t71 !re is exhibit$ a passionate admiration = volume & = full & ri* *i>oscuro4 ,we are consci\s ( ! arti/'s grop+s = ^? fundam5tals he 0 f9ally to discov] 9 ! seclusion ( 8 rugg$ c\ntry ( ! s\?4 ,ev5 8 e>ly figure pieces c>ry ?is s5sual delight 9 objectivity to a great] height ?an did ,delacroix by :om !y 7 inspir$4 ,& !y atte/ to a fre$om f academic pr9ciples :i* 0 n surpass$ by ! ,impressioni/s4 ,^! pa9t+s are classic 9 ! be/ s5se2 9 !m is an ord]l9ess :i* ,manet & ! ,impressioni/s nev] possess$4 ,yet1 )al1 !y are only ! results ( ! lit]>y influ5ces f ,delacroix & ( 8 admirations = o!r pa9t]s4 ,!y are n purely creative1 b ! qualities ( creation are !re4 ,to ^? :o c read ! signs1 !y unmi/akably indicate ! beg9n+s ( a full & ma/]ly gr[?4 ,8 pot5tialities began to actualise ) 8 compreh5sion ( ,el ,greco & ! ,v5etians4 ,f t p]iod on 8 p[] = organisation /eadily develop$1 & x 0 /ill advanc+ at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,b organisation t\*$ only ! compositional side ( 8 "w3 x 0 ! resultant elem5t4 ,8 inspiration t[>d col\r :i* emanat$ f ,piss>ro 0 :at precipitat$ him irrevocably into pa9t+4 ,col\r1 by pres5t+ s _m problems1 claim$ him entirely4 ,to t ,impressioni/ he owes mu*1 n to t arti/'s actual a*ievem5t1 b to ! inc5tive he furni%$4 ,dur+ 8 intimacy ) ,piss>ro1 ,cezanne complet$ 8 assimilation ( all ! traits 9 o!rs :i* 7 relative to himself4 ,8 beliefs & intransig5cies became cry/allis$4 ,! road op5$ into fields :]e t new elem5t ( col\r1 :i* _h tak5 on s vital a significance1 l$ to an inf9itude ( emotional possibilities4 ,?\gh ,cezanne nev] completely became a def5d] ( ,piss>ro's !ories1 he always look$ ^u ! ,impressioni/s z innovators ^: importance z su* c\ld n be ov]e/imat$4 ,he realis$ t )\t !m he himself w\ld n h exi/$1 & t !y _h sket*$ out a preface to all ! great art :i* 0 to come4 ,)\t !m !re und\bt$ly w\ld h be5 great arti/s1 b he knew t a pa9t] ) ! means ( a ,r5oir is great] ?an "o :o1 ?\gh equally compet5t 9 organisation1 is limit$ 9 ! me*anics ( me?od4 ,re/rict$ means p]mit only ( re/rict$ expression4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 hav+ made an advance 9 ae/hetic proc$ure1 facilitat$ ! exp]im5tations ( ,cezanne4 ,b he 9 turn recognis$ ! re/rictions ( ! ,impressioni/s' me?ods3 inde$1 he saw t _! !ories c\ld apply only to a v circumscrib$ ae/hetic field2 & he 0 n cont5t ) !m4 ,he /udi$ assidu\sly 9 ! ,l\vre & absorb$ ! myriad impulses :i* _h impell$ ! great ma/]s ( ! pa/4 ,! ,l\vre & ,piss>ro con/itut$ 8 prim]4 ,f ! "o he got 8 impetus t[>d volum9\s organisation2 f ! o!r1 8 impetus t[>d col\r4 ,f _! fragm5t>y tea*+s he w5t on to great] a*ievem5ts4 ,!re is little or no docum5t>y hi/ory ( ,cezanne's e>ly ye>s4 ,consequ5tly 8 y\?ful admirations are n record$ 9 detail4 ,b we "k en\gh to gauge 8 e>ly ta/es4 ,he travell$ 9 ,holl& & ,belgium1 & ?\gh he nev] w5t to ,italy1 he greatly admir$ ,t9toretto & ,v]onese4 ,he _h a high e/eem = t ma/] ( /yle1 ,luca ,signorelli1 :o1 _h he n gone into ar*itecture1 might h become "o ( ! _w's great pa9t]s4 ,9 8 /udio ,cezanne kept a wat]-col\r by ,delacroix--hung face to ! wall t x might n fade1 & beside x a li?ograph by ,daumi] :om he reg>d$ highly4 ,we may be sure he fully und]/ood ! limitations ( ^! m5 aside f _! ambitions4 ,to him !y 7 po9ts ( dep>ture r ?an goals to aspire to4 ,bo? ( !m he surpass$ e>ly 9 8 c>e]4 ,cezanne admir$ also ! ,dut* & ,flemi% ma/]s4 ,he _h an old & dilapidat$ book ( _! reproductions full ( bad li?ographs done by inf]ior craftsm54 ,b he ov]look$ all _! defects 9 8 remembrance ( ! orig9als4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 he ignor$ ^? details :i* to ano!r w\ld h militat$ aga9/ enjoym5t4 ,8 m9d 0 too compreh5sive & analytic to be l$ a/ray by ! flaws on an o!rwise p]fect "w3 x p5etrat$ to ! ess5tials fir/ & rema9$ !re4 ,?us x 0 9 8 "w4 ,! exact reproduction ( nature 9 any ( its manife/ations nev] held him = a mom5t4 ,he saw its et]nal aspect aside f its accid5tal visages caus$ by fluctuat+ lights4 ,9 ?is he 0 diametrically oppos$ to ! ,impressioni/s :o record$ only nature's tempor>y phases4 ,!y captur$ & set d[n its atmosph]e & 7 satisfi$4 ,cezanne1 reg>d+ its atmosph]e z an ephem]ality1 portray$ ! la/+ =ce ( light4 ,"o is ! ma/] ( "o's model & above all ( "o's means ( expression1 he wrote4 ,p5etrate :at is be=e y1 & p]sev]e 9 express+ y\rself z logically z possible4 ,x is ?is p5etration :i* sep>ates ,cezanne by an impassable gulf f ^? purely s5sitive arti/s :o are cont5t ) ! m]ely physiological effects ( an emotion4 ,9 ! process ( p5etrat+ he became famili> ) ^? und]curr5ts ( causation f :i* has sprung ! greate/ art ( all ages4 ,9 a ,cezanne ( ! lat] ye>s n only is ! =m pois$ 9 ?ree dim5sions1 b ! v light also is pois$4 ,we feel 9 ,cezanne ! same completion we exp]i5ce be=e a ,rub5s--t emotion ( f9ality caus$ by ! =ms mov+1 swell+ & gr9d+ 9 an et]nal ord]2 & add$ to ?is completion ( =m1 height5+ its emotive p[]1 is ! same f9al organisation ( illum9ation4 ,! light sugge/s no p>ticul> "t ( day or night2 x is n appropriat$ f morn+ or aft]noon1 sunlight or %ad[4 ,s delicate & p]fectly balanc$ is ?is light t1 ) ! rais+ or ! l[]+ ( ! curta9 9 ! room :]e ! picture hangs1 x w d>k5 or bright5 p]fectly1 logically1 proportionately ) ! out] light4 ,x lives because x is pa9t$ ) ! logic ( nature4 ,:e!r ! picture be hung 9 a bright sunlight or 9 half gloom1 x is a creature ( its environm5t4 ,its planes1 l ^? ( nature1 advance & rec$e1 swell & %r9k4 ,9 %ort1 !y are dynamic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baigneuses by ,,cezanne ,if ?is feat ( ,cezanne's seems to bord] on metaphysics1 ! reason is t !re has be5 no prec$5t = x 9 hi/ory4 ,x 01 9 fact1 a purely te*nical accompli%m5t bas$ :olly on ! mo/ /r+5tly empirical rese>*4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he arriv$ at ?is a*ievem5t may n be entirely insusceptible ( explanation4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out h[ ! ,impressioni/s broke up surfaces into m9ute s5sitive p>ts1 "s ( :i* reflect$ or absorb$ m ?an o!rs4 ,t :i* gives u our s5sation ( col\r is ! atomic prepond]ance ( "o ( ^! attributes4 ,?us if an atom or comb9ation ( atoms reflects highly x translates itself ?r\gh ! ret9a into our bra9s z a high =ce1 namely1 z a yell[4 ,if an atom absorbs m ?an x reflects1 x takes & reta9s ! reflective =ce ( light1 &1 9 dis*>g+ ?is limit$ p[]1 produces 9 u ! s5sation ( blue4 ,n[1 t po9t on a r\nd object :]e ! light is /ronge/ is ! po9t ne>e/ ! light4 ,z ! planes ( ! object curve away f ! light !y dim9i% 9 brilliancy4 ,! fur!r ! plane f ! po9t ne>e/ ! illum9ation1 ! less light x has to reflect4 ,consequ5tly x w appe> blui%4 ,! ,impressioni/s 7 satisfi$ ) record+ ?is blue ( %ad[ m]ely z ! complem5t ( ! light :i* 0 yell[4 ,b ,cezanne /udi$ ea* degradation ( tone f yell[ to blue4 ,9 ?is /udy he discov]$ t light always graduates f w>m to cold 9 precisely ! same way2 &1 t1 provid$ ! model is :ite1 ea* /ep d[n ! tonic scale is ! same on no matt] :at object4 ,b ?is discov]y 0 little m ?an a premise4 ,he 0 n[ necessitat$ to solve ! problem ( j h[ mu* ! local col\r ( an object modifies ! natural col\rs ( ! light & %ad[ :i* reveal t object4 ,9 all col\r$ objects ! modifications are diff]5t1 accord+ to ! laws ( col\r complem5t>ies & admixtures4 ,by keep+ ^! laws always 9 m9d1 & by apply+ 8 discov]y ( ! consi/5t gradations ( ! col\rs ( light1 he 0 able to pa9t 9 su* a way t1 no matt] h[ mu* or h[ little outside light ( a uni=m quality fell on 8 canvas1 ! col\rs he _h appli$ w\ld1 z !y retreat$ f ! mo/ highly illum9at$ po9t on ! picture1 absorb a graduat+ly small] quantity ( actual light1 & w\ld ?us create emotional =m 9 ! same mann] t nature creates visual =m4 ,h5ce1 ! planes 9 a ,cezanne canvas advance or rec$e en masse1 reta9+ _! relativity1 z ! eye excludes or receives a great] or a less] quantity ( light2 & s9ce ! light nev] rema9s ! same = any p]iod ( "t1 ! planes bulge t[>d ! spectator & retract f him ) ea* m9ute v>iation ( illum9ation4 ,9 all pa9t+ prior to ,cezanne1 ! natural v>iations ( light di/ort$ ! objects ( a picture3 t is to say1 ! col\rs ( ext]nal light *ang$ ! "* ( ! appli$ col\rs1 mak+ "s advance & o!rs retreat2 & because ^! appli$ col\rs 7 n put on ) ! exact logic ( natural gradations1 ! proportions betwe5 !m c\ld n be ma9ta9$4 ,?us 9 "o light c]ta9 objects advanc$ m ?an o!rs1 & 9 ano!r light c]ta9 objects rec$$ m ?an o!rs4 ,_! relativity 0 lo/4 ,h5ce1 n only 0 ! picture's composition & balance alt]$1 b ! appe>ance ( its objects beli$ ! actual measurem5ts4 ,^! v>iations 7 s small t ! untra9$ eye might n h se5 !m1 any m ?an an untra9$ e> may n detect ! slight v>iations ( pit* 9 music4 ,b to ! man ^: eye is tra9$1 ev5 to ! degree t a good musician's e> is tra9$1 pictures appe> (f 9 ! same way t a poorly tun$ piano s\nds (f to ! s5sitive musician4 ,cezanne1 _h he nev] a*iev$ any intr9sically great art1 w\ld /ill be a colossal figure 9 pa9t+ because ( ?is basic & mom5t\s discov]y4 ,! ,impressioni/s _h be5 cont5t ) ! m]e discov]y ( light4 ,_! !ory 01 n t "o c enjoy ! natural light ( out-(-doors m ?an ! ab/ract light 9 a canvas1 b t1 s9ce e "o ( nature's moods is ! result ( degrees ( illum9ation1 ^! moods c only be record$ by ! depiction ( natural light2 & !re=e out-(-door light is an ae/hetic means4 ,cezanne recognis$ ! limitations ( ?is !ory1 b consid]$ x an admirable op5+ = high] a*ievem5t4 ,he !reupon /ripp$ ! ,impressioni/s' means ( _! ephem]al pla/icity1 &1 by us+ ! pr9ciples1 & n ! results1 ( nature's me?od1 gave !m an et]nal pla/icity :i* no great art ( ! future c af=d to ignore1 & :i* 9 "t1 no d\bt1 w lead to ! creation ( an entirely new art4 ,al?\gh ,cezanne _h _m times giv5 out broad h9ts ( 8 me?ods1 8 fri5ds & critics 7 too busy try+ to discov] o!r less concise qualities 9 8 "w to appreciate ! full significance ( 8 occasional words4 ,h]e9 lies ! ma9 reason :y an unte*nical onlook] & admir] c nev] s\nd ! dep?s ( art4 ,he is too deta*$1 =1 n hav+ foll[$ its logical evolution f ! simple/ =ms to ! mo/ complex1 he is unable to und]/& ! complicat$ me*anism on :i* x is built4 ,critics = ! mo/ "p are writ]s ^: admiration = art has be5 born 9 front ( ! complet$ works ( ! great ma/]s4 ,unable to compreh5d !m fully1 !y turn to a contemplation ( ! simple & naif4 ,_! process ( valuation is ?us rev]s$4 ,great art is z a rule too comp\nd$ = _! analytical p[]s1 & !y end by imag9+ t ! primitives & ! mosaici/s repres5t ! highe/ & mo/ consci\s type ( ! creative w4 ,:at to !m is incompreh5sible appe>s ( little value2 & "h we f9d ! explanation = ! popul> !ory t ! te/ ( great art is its simplicity1 its humanitas1 its obvi\sness4 ,p]sons :o w\ld n pret5d to grasp )\t /udy ! pr9ciples ( mod]n sci5ce1 /ill dem& t art be suffici5tly lucid to be compreh5d$ at once by ! untutor$ m9d4 ,a physician may tell !m ( pr(undities 9 m$ical exp]im5tation1 & !y w accept 8 views z ^? ( an exp]t 9 a sci5ce ( :i* !y are ignorant4 ,b :5 an arti/ tells !m ( recondite pr9ciples 9 ae/hetics !y accuse him ( an endeav\r to befuddle !m4 ,! isolation ( bacilli & ! application ( s]ums & anti-tox9s are my/]ies :i* call = respect4 ,! equally sci5tific & obscure pr9ciples ( col\r & =m are absurd imag9+s4 ,& yet )\t a sci5tific basis art is m]ely an artifice--! ,new ,?\ght 9 ae/hetics4 ,readily compreh5sible pa9t+ is no fur!r advanc$ ?an readily compreh5sible !rapeutics4 ,emile ,b]n>d 0 little diff]5t f ! av]age critic4 ,9 attribut+ to ,cezanne 8 own limitations1 he re/rict$ :at he might o!rwise h le>n$4 ,b ! lit]alness ) :i* he record$ ! arti/'s say+s makes 8 book ( p>am\nt int]e/4 ,we read = in/ance t ,cezanne once rem>k$3 ,"h is some?+ inconte/able2 ,i am mo/ affirmative on ?is po9t3 ,an optical s5sation is produc$ 9 our visual organ by :at we class z light1 half tone or qu>t] tone1 ea* plane be+ repres5t$ by col\r s5sations4 ,!re=e light z su* does n exi/ = ! pa9t]4 ,by ?is he broadly h9t$ at an absolute relativity betwe5 ! degrees ( light =ces--a relativity :i* translates itself to u z col\r gradations4 ,aga9 ,cezanne said3 ,"o %\ld n say model b modulate4444 ,draw+ & col\r are n di/9ct2 z "o pa9ts "o draws4 ,! m ! col\rs h>monise namely3 foll[ nature's logical sequ5ces1 ! m precise is ! draw+4 ,precision 9 draw+ to ,cezanne meant among o!r ?+s ! ability to produce volume4 ,aga93 ,:5 col\r is ri*e/1 =m is at its pl5itude4 ,9 ! contra/s & rapports ( tones lies ! secret ( draw+ & ( modell+4 ,9 a lett] he wrote3 ,l9es p>allel to ! horizon create va/ness 7donn5t l'et5due71 :e!r x be a section ( nature1 or if y *oose1 ( ! spectacle t ! ,pat] omnipot5s aet]nus ,deus spreads be=e our eyes4 ,l9es p]p5dicul> to ?is horizon give dep?4 ,& s9ce nature = u human be+s exi/s 9 dep? r ?an surfacely1 ! pa9t] is necessitat$ to introduce into light vibrations1 repres5t$ by r$s & yell[s1 a suffici5t am\nt ( blue to make ! air felt4 ,^! obs]vations are ( p>am\nt int]e/ because !y t\* on ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( 8 e/hetique4 ,!y are at once an explanation & a measure ( 8 significance4 ,l all great tru?s !y appe> simple aft] we "k !m1 or r aft] we h exp]i5c$ !m4 ,daumi] might h /at$ ) c]titude ! same pr9ciples 9 relation to tone1 = he always practis$ !m qualifi$ly4 ,?\gh 8 means 7 limit$1 he employ$ ^? means z fully z 8 mat]ials p]mitt$4 ,cezanne1 because he possess$ ! great] elem5t--col\r1 con/ruct$ 8 canvases z nature pres5ts its objects to ! sight1 z a unique :ole4 ,) all ( ! old] pa9t]s draw+ came fir/1 *i>oscuro second & col\r ?ird--?ree di/9ct /eps1 ea* "o conceiv$ sep>ately4 ,daumi] 0 ! fir/ pa9t] to approa* simultaneity 9 execution4 ,ignorant ( col\r1 he conceiv$ 8 draw+ & *i>oscuro toge!r4 ,cezanne w5t a /ep beyond1 & conceiv$ 8 draw+1 =m & col\r z "o & ! same1 9 ! exact mann] t ^! qualities1 unit$ 9 ea* natural object1 pres5t !mselves to ! eye4 ,8 me?od 0 ! same z ! me*anism ( human vision4 ,comp>$ ) ,cezanne1 ,monet 0 only fragm5t>y4 ,n only 9 me?ods did !y diff] b 9 objective z well4 ,! ,impressioni/s' aim 0 to reproduce nature's ext]nals3 ,cezanne's desire 0 to reproduce its solidity4 ,bo? a*iev$ _! ends4 ,cezanne's pictures are z imp5etrable z sculpture4 ,e object seems hewn out ( m>ble4 ,solidity alone1 h[ev]1 ?\gh a high & necess>y virtue ( pa9t+1 is a limit$ quality4 ,unless x is made mobile x gives (f ! impression ( rigidity4 ,x is to pa9t+ :at ! r\gh clay is to sculpture--! dead mat]ial ( art4 ,9 ord] = x to eng5d] ae/hetic empa?y x mu/ be organis$1 t is1 x mu/ be h>monis$ & pois$ 9 ?ree dim5sions 9 su* a way t1 %\ld we translate our bodies into its spacial =ms1 we %\ld exp]i5ce its dynamism4 ,?is ,cezanne did1 & !re9 lay 8 claim to greatness4 ,9 8 be/ canvases !re seems no way ( ve]+ a plane1 ( imag9+ "o plane *ang+ places ) ano!r1 unless e plane 9 ! picture is %ift$ simultane\sly4 ,cezanne's solidity is organis$ l ! volumes 9 ,mi*elangelo's be/ sculpture4 ,move an arm ( any "o ( ^! /atues1 & e o!r "p ( ! figure1 d[n to ! smalle/ muscle1 mu/ *ange position4 ,_! pla/icity1 l ,cezanne's1 is p]fect4 ,!re is a complete ordonnance betwe5 e m9ute "p1 & betwe5 e gr\p ( p>ts4 ,no?+ c be add$ or tak5 away )\t *ang+ ! entire /ructure 9 all its f9e/ details4 ,cezanne once said to ,ambroise ,voll>d1 a picture m]*ant1 :o _h call$ att5tion to a small uncov]$ spot on a canvas :i* ! arti/ _h pron\nc$ f9i%$3 ,y w und]/& t if ,i 7 to put some?+ !re haphaz>dly1 ,i %\ld h to />t ! :ole picture ov] f t po9t4 ,! individual solidity ( ,cezanne's col\r planes is due to ! et]nalism & absolutism ( 8 light4 ,b x 0 ! o!r qualities :i* ent]$ into 8 art :i* br\ght ab\t ! int]dep5d5ce ( ! p>ts & evok$ ! s5sation ( unity we feel be=e !m4 ,"o ( ^! qualities 0 a p]fect rapport ( l9es4 ,cezanne1 bett] ?an any o!r pa9t] up to 8 day1 und]/ood h[ "o slant+ l9e modifies its direction :5 com+ 9 contact ) ano!r l9e mov+ f a diff]5t direction4 ,:5 col\r 0 fir/ inve/igat$ reali/ically1 arti/s saw t two pure complem5t>y t9ts1 :5 juxtapos$1 t5d$ to draw away f ea* o!r & to diff]5tiate !mselves4 ,!re=e !y set ab\t to /udy ! influ5ce t "o col\r has ^u ano!r1 assum+ t l9es 7 m /atic & absolute & consequ5tly did n *ange at contact ) o!r l9es4 ,cezanne recognis$ ! fallacy ( ?is assumption1 & wrote3 ,i see ! planes criss-cross+ & ov]lapp+1 & sometimes ! l9es seem to fall4 ,he realis$ t ! laws gov]n+ ! opposition ( l9e are mo/ important 9 ! production ( ! emotion ( movem5t4 ,9 all ! old pa9t]s ?is emotion 0 eng5d]$ by j su* devices1 b ) !m ! laws 7 only dimly suspect$--in/9cts r ?an appli$ sci5ce4 ,9 contemplat+ _! "w we seem torn by "s physical impulse to foll[ "o l9e1 b _c1 because ! lure ( ! o!r l9e is equally great4 ,to ! man ( s5sitive & tra9$ eyesight ?is physical emotion is incit$ also by nature1 only nature is m complex ?an art & is )\t ae/hetic f9ality4 ,?us 9 reg>d+ ! rapports ( two l9es 9 nature1 "o lean+ to ! "r & "o to ! left1 ! highly s5sitive p]son feels unre/ & /rife1 & subconsci\sly produces ord] & calm by imag9+ a ?ird l9e :i* h>monises ! orig9al two4 ,cezanne look$ ^u nature ) p]haps ! mo/ delicate & p]ceptive eye a pa9t] has ev] possess$1 & 8 vision became a !atre = ! viol5t /ruggles ( "s "o l9e aga9/ t]rible odds1 = ! w>r+ cla%es ( inh>moni\s col\rs4 ,he saw 9 objective nature a *aos ( disorganis$ movem5t1 & he set himself ! task ( putt+ x 9 ord]4 ,9 /udy+ ! v>iations & qualifications ( l9e> directions 9 8 model1 he discov]$ ano!r me?od ( acc5tuat+ ! feel+ ( dynamism 9 8 canvases4 ,he /at$ l9es1 n 9 _! /atic "*1 b 9 _! av]age ( fluctuation4 ,we "k t all /raight l9es are influ5c$ by _! surr\nd+s1 t !y appe> b5t or curv$ :5 relat$ to o!r l9es4 ,! ext5t to :i* a l9e is ?us optically b5t is its extreme ( fluctuability4 ,cezanne det]m9$ ?is extreme 9 all ( 8 l9es1 & by transcrib+ !m midway betwe5 _! actual & optical /ates1 a*iev$ at once _! normality & _! extreme abnormality4 ,! "*1 direction & curve ( all l9es 9 a canvas *ange ) e %ift+ ( ! po9t ( visual contact4 ,s9ce ! unity ( a picture is diff]5t f e focus1 all ! l9es consequ5tly assume a slightly diff]5t direction e "t our eye %ifts f "o spot to ano!r4 ,cezanne1 by record+ ! mean ( l9e> *angeability1 facilitat$ & ha/5$ ?is vicissitude ( mutation4 ,ano!r contribution he made to pa9t+ 0 8 application ( ! /]eoscopic function ( ! eye to all models by means ( col\r4 ,f ! e>lie/ art to ,cezanne1 objects h be5 portray$ z if conceiv$ 9 vacuo1 ) absolute & delimit$ cont\rs4 ,su* portrayals are directly oppos$ to our normal vision1 = :5ev] we focus our sight on any natural object :atev]1 ea* eye records a diff]5t p]spective repres5tation ( t object2 !re is a di/9ct b9ocul> p>allax4 ,c]ta9 p>ts are se5 by "o eye :i* are invisible to ! o!r4 ,b ^! two visual impressions are p]ceiv$ simultane\sly1 comb9$ 9 "o image2 t is to say3 ! optic axes conv]ge at su* an angle t bo? ! "r & left monocul> impressions are sup]impos$4 ,! s+le impression ?us produc$ is "o ( p]spective & relief4 ,?is is a rudim5t>y law ( optics1 b on x our accuracy ( vision has always dep5d$4 ,9 ! l5ticul> /]eoscope ! eye-glasses are m>g9al portions ( ! same convex l5s1 :i*1 :5 set edge to edge1 deflect ! rays f ! picture s z to /rike ! eyes z if com+ f an int]m$iate po9t4 ,by ?is b5d+ ( ! rays ! two pictures become "o impression1 & pres5t ! appe>ance ( solid =ms z 9 nature4 ,! problem ( h[ to transcribe on a flat surface 9 a s+le picture ! effect lat] produc$ by a /]eoscope ) two pictures1 has confront$ pa9t]s = hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci 9 8 ,trattato della ,pittura record$ ! fact t our vision encompasses to a slight degree ev]y?+ t passes be=e x2 t we see ar\nd all objects2 & t ?is encircl+ sight gives u ! s5sation ( rotundity4 ,b nei!r he1 nor any arti/ up to ,cezanne1 0 able to make ae/hetic use ( ! fact4 ,! vision ( all old] pa9t+ 7al?\gh by ! use ( l9e & composition x became pla/ic because us$ z a detail7 0 ! vision ( ! man ) "o eye1 = a "o-ey$ man sees nature z a flat plane3 only by association ( ! relative size ( objects is he capable ( judg+ dep?4 ,cezanne saw ! impossibility ( produc+ a d\ble vision by geometric rules1 & approa*$ ! problem f ano!r direction4 ,by und]/&+ ! function+ elem5ts ( col\r 9 _! relation to texture & space1 he 0 able to pa9t =ms 9 su* a way t ea* col\r he appli$ took its relative position 9 space & held ea* "p ( an object /ation>y at any requir$ di/ance f ! eye4 ,z a result ( 8 me?od we c judge ! dep? & s5se ! solidity ( 8 pictures ! same z we d 9 nature4 ,cezanne 0 ev] attempt+ to solve ! problem ( ! dynamics ( vision4 ,an analysis ( 8 pictures (t5 reveals a uni=m lean+ ( l9es--a t5d5cy ( all ! objects to precipitate !mselves ^u a c]ta9 spot1 l ! m9ute flotsam on a surface ( wat] be+ suck$ ?r\gh a dra9-hole4 ,we f9d an explanation = ?is conv]g5ce 9 "o ( 8 lett]s4 ,he says3 ,9 /udy+ nature closely1 y w obs]ve t x becomes conc5tric4 ,i mean t on an orange1 an apple1 a ball or a head !re is a culm9at+ po9t2 & ?is po9t1 despite ! /rong effects ( light & %ad[ :i* are col\r s5sations1 is always ! ne>e/ to our eye4 ,! edges ( objects retreat t[>d a c5tre :i* is situat$ on our horizon4 ,x is small wond] t ,cezanne1 obsess$ ) ! idea ( =m & dep?1 %\ld h _h little admiration = 8 contempor>ies1 ,van ,gogh & ,gaugu91 bo? ( :om 7 workm5 9 ! flat4 ,he let pass no opportunity ( express+ himself on ^! arti/s :o ( late ye>s h become s popul>4 ,van ,gogh 0 to him only ano!r ,po9tilli/2 & he call$ ,gaugu9's "w des images ,*9oises1 add+1 ,i w nev] accept 8 entire lack ( modell+ & gradation4 ,does n ?is expla9 8 av]sion to ! primitives 9 :om he saw b ! rudim5ts ( art8 ,h[ c\ld ,cezanne1 preoccupi$ ) ! mo/ mom5t\s problems ( ae/hetics1 take an int]e/ 9 enl>g$ book illum9ations1 :5 ! mo/ sup]ficial corn] ( 8 slighte/ canvas _h m organisation & incit$ a great] ae/hetic emotion ?an all ! mosaics 9 ,s4 ,vitale at ,rav5na8 ,cezanne 0 nev] attract$ by ! facial expressions1 ! manual attitudes1 or ! graceful poses ( 8 models4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( mat]iality meant no?+ to him4 ,he 0 p]petually se>*+ = some?+ m pr(\nd1 & began 8 art :]e ! av]age pa9t] leaves (f4 ,reali/ic attributes are int]e/+ only z decoration2 !y are indicative ( ! simplicity ( man's m9d2 !y are unable to conduce to an ext5d$ ae/hetic exp]i5ce4 ,van ,gogh & ,gaugu9 said well :at !y _h to say1 b x 0 s slight t x is ( little int]e/ to u today4 ,we dem& a great] /imulus ?an an art ( two dim5sions c give2 our m9ds in/9ctively ext5d !mselves into space4 ,s x 0 ) ,cezanne4 ,he left no device untri$ :i* w\ld give 8 "w a great] dep?1 a m v]itable solidity4 ,he exp]im5t$ 9 col\r f ?is /&po9t1 !n 9 l9e1 !n 9 optics4 ,) ! results ( ?is rese>* he became possess$ ( all ! necess>y factors ( colossal organisation4 ,he knew t1 7 ^! factors rightly appli$1 !y w\ld produce a great] s5sation ( weight1 ( =ce & ( movem5t ?an any arti/ be=e him _h succe$$ 9 atta9+4 ,_! application pres5t$ to ,cezanne 8 mo/ difficult problem4 ,he mu/ use 8 discov]ies 9 ^! ?ree fields 9 su* a way t ! v disposition ( weights w\ld produce t p]fect balance ( /ress & repose1 out ( :i* emanates all ae/hetic movem5t4 ,! simple/ manife/ation ( ?is balance is f\nd 9 ! opposition ( l9e2 b 9 ord] to complete ?is l9e> adju/m5t !re mu/ be an opposition ( col\rs :i*1 :ile !y mu/ function z volumes1 mu/ also accord ) ! "* ( ! natural object portray$4 ,9 %ort1 !re mu/ be an opposition ( c\nt]+ weights1 n p]fectly balanc$ s z to create a dead equality1 b rhy?mically relat$ s t ! effect is "o ( sway+ poise4 ,obvi\sly ?is c\ld n be accompli%$ on a flat surface1 = ! emotion ( dep? is a necessity to ! recognition ( equilibrium4 ,cezanne f9ally a*iev$ ?is poise by a pla/ic di/ribution ( volumes ov] & beside spacial vacancies4 ,he ma/]$ ?is basic pr9ciple ( ! holl[ & ! bump only aft] long & try+ /ruggles & t$i\s exp]im5tations4 ,he translat$ x into t]ms ( 8 own intellection3 to ! ext5t t !re 0 ord] )9 him s 0 he able to put ord] into 8 pictures4 ,?is vision ( 8 0 intellectual r ?an optical2 & ,m4 ,b]n>d unnecess>ily tells u t1 s sure 0 ,cezanne ( 8 ju/ification1 he plac$ 8 col\rs on canvas ) ! same absolutism he us$ 9 express+ himself v]bally4 ,8 art 0 8 ?\ght giv5 concrete =m ?r\gh ! m$ium ( nature4 ,8 pa9t+ 0 ! result ( a m5tal process--an intellectual conclusion aft] x _h be5 weigh$1 add$ to1 sub/ract$ f1 modifi$ by ext]ior consid]ations1 & at la/ br\ght =? purg$ & cl>ifi$ & z ne>ly complete z 0 8 developm5t at ! "t4 ,= ?is reason ,cezanne res5t$ ! pres5ce ( p :ile he work$4 ,to atta9 8 ends 8 m9d _h to be conc5trat$ on its ultimate ambition4 ,x c\ld support no di/urb+ factors4 ,ev5 ?\gh he _h no trick :i* might be copi$1 he once said to a fri5d3 ,i h nev] p]mitt$ anyone to wat* me :ile ,i "w4 ,i refuse to d any?+ be=e anyone4 ,_h he all[$ spectators to /& ov] him he probably w\ld h fatigu$ !m1 = 8 "w progress$ by s+le /rokes int]sp]s$ by long p]iods ( reflection & analysis4 ,m4 ,b]n>d w\ld he> him desc5d to ! g>d5 a score ( times dur+ ! day's "w1 sit a mom5t & ru% back to ! /udio z if "s solution _h pres5t$ itself to him sudd5ly4 ,at o!r times he w\ld walk back & =? be=e 8 picture await+ ! answ] to a problem be=e him4 ,x is su* delib]at5ess 9 great arti/s t has1 curi\sly en\gh1 acquir$ = !m a reputation = esot]icism4 ,_! mom5ts ( deep contemplation & _! sudd5 plunges into lab\r h be5 int]pret$ z p]iods ( intellectual coma %ot ?r\gh occasionally by div9e fla%es ( inspiration com+ f an outside ag5t4 ,! rev]se is true1 h[ev]4 ,an arti/ reta9s 8 s5ti5cy at all times4 ,he necess>ily works consci\sly1 ) ! same intellectual lab\rs z a sci5ti/4 ,a pa9t] c no m produce a great picture unwitt+ly ?an an inv5tor c con/ruct an intricate ma*9e unwitt+ly4 ,!y are bo? lab\r]s 9 ! mo/ plebeian s5se4 ,cezanne's hatr$ = facile & ?\ghtless workm5 :o cont9ually ent]ta9 amateurs1 0 monum5tal4 ,to him !y 7 pupils :o1 by le>n+ a few rules1 7 able to pa9t conv5tional pieces aft] ! mann] ( ?\s&s :o _h prec$$ him4 ,!y repres5t$ ! academicians ) :om e c\ntry is ov]run--! suave & satisfi$ craftsm5 :o epitomise m$iocrity1 ^: appeal is to m9ds /eep$ 9 p$antry & cons]vatism4 ,9 ,france !y come out ( ! gov]nm5t-run ,beaux-,arts s*ool to :i* ! incompet5ts ( bo? ,am]ica & ,engl& flock4 ,cezanne h>b\r$ a p>ticul> enmity = t s*ool2 anyone :o _h pass$ ?r\gh x ar\s$ 8 scorn4 ,) a little temp]am5t anyone c be an academic pa9t]1 he said4 ,"o c make pictures )\t be+ a h>moni/ or a col\ri/4 ,x is en\gh to h an art s5se--& ev5 ?is art s5se is )\t d\bt ! horror ( ! b\rgeois4 ,?us ! in/itutes1 ! p5sions & ! hon\rs are only made = cret9s1 f>ceurs & drolls4 ,9 writ+ ( ,cezanne "o is l$ to make a comp>ison betwe5 him & 8 great compatriot1 ,r5oir1 = x is almo/ unbelievable t "o c5tury c\ld h produc$ two su* radically diff]5t g5iuses4 ,r5oir1 fir/ ( all1 0 n an innovator3 he 0 ! consummation ( ,impressioni/ic means4 ,9 ,cezanne1 to ! contr>y1 we see a man dissatisfi$ ) ! greate/ results ( o!rs1 ev] tortur$ by ! se>* = some?+ m f9al1 m pot5t4 ,let u n be satisfi$ ) ! =mulas ( our wond]ful antec$5ts1 he said _m times1 & he might h add$1 & ( our wond]ful contempor>ies4 ,r5oir 0 ! apex ( an art era1 :ile ,cezanne 0 ! fir/ segm5t ( a great] & va/] cycle4 ,r5oir1 by ma/]+ 8 means at an e>ly date1 acquir$ a te*nical facility to :i* ,cezanne1 ev] on ! hunt = deep] conceptions1 nev] atta9$4 ,r5oir's g5ius 0 = l9e> rhy?m4 ,9 ! acquisition ( ?is !re ent]$1 9 v>y+ degree1 =m1 col\r & light2 b ! l9e itself 0 8 preoccupation4 ,cezanne's g5ius 0 = pla/ic volume out ( :i* ! rhy?mic l9e result$4 ,t is3 ! "o con/ruct$ 8 creations out ( col\r & made col\r appe> l =m2 :ile 9 ! o!r's creations1 :i* are ! result ( col\r1 ! col\r is felt to be =m4 ,9 ,r5oir is recognis$ ! solidity & dep? ( =m1 :ile 9 ,cezanne ! col\r is a functional elem5t ^: dynamism gives bir? to =m :i* is felt subjectively4 ,r5oir syn!sises nature's =ms1 by gr\p+ !m 9 su* a way t ! l9es move & are h>moni\s4 ,cezanne looks = ! syn!sis 9 ea* subject he sits be=e1 & in/ead ( gr\p+ 8 =ms arbitr>ily1 he p5etrates to _! inh]5t syn!sis4 ,?is is :y almo/ e "o ( 8 pictures is built on a diff]5t syn!tic =m4 ,8 p5etration gave him at ea* essay a diff]5t vision ( ! organisms ( a p>ticul> subject1 a vision :i* v>i$ z ! subject v>i$4 ,9 ,r5oir movem5t is atta9$ by relat+ ! l9es3 ,cezanne has produc$ h>mony by acc5tuat+ _! diff]5ces4 ,9 ! =m] ! l9es lead smoo?ly & flu5tly into o!rs1 until !y all culm9ate 9 a l9e :i* c>ries ! movem5t to a f9ality2 :ile 9 ! latt] we feel little ( t suavity ( sequ5ce3 ! l9es are =m$ by ! spaces betwe5 8 volumes r ?an by l9e> cont9uation4 ,cezanne1 if less pleas+1 is ! m p[]ful2 & ) all 8 lack ( suavity he is ! m complex & less monoton\s4 ,! extraord9>y imprevu ( 8 =mal developm5ts & 8 unique mann] ( /at+ p>allels recall ! symphonic works ( ,bee?ov54 ,! ensembles ( bo? are made up ( an inf9itude ( small] =ms1 & bo? display a colossal p[] ( absolut5ess 9 sett+ =? ea* smalle/ =m4 ,r5oir's "w is m on ! l9es ( ,haydn4 ,aft] ,mi*elangelo !re 0 no long] any new inspiration = sculpture4 ,aft] ,cezanne !re 0 no long] any excuse = x4 ,he has made u see t pa9t+ c pres5t a m solid vision ?an t ( any /one image4 ,aga9/ mod]n /atues we c only bump our heads3 9 ! contemplation ( mod]n pa9t+ we c exhau/ our intellig5ces4 ,cezanne is z mu* a reproa* to sculptors z ,r5oir is to ^? :o cont9ue to use ,impressioni/ me?ods4 ,he is ! great prophet ( future art1 z well z ! consummator ( ! reali/ic vision ( 8 "t4 ,bo? m5 de=m$ nature's objects--,r5oir slightly to meet ! dem&s ( consi/5cy 9 8 preconceiv$ compositions2 ,cezanne to a great] ext5t 9 ord] to make =m volum9\s4 ,"s ( 8 de=mations result$ f extrane\s l9e =ces :i*1 :5 com+ 9 contact ) an object's cont\r1 made x lean to ! "r or left1 or 9 "s o!r way take on an abnormal appe>ance z ( convexity or concavity4 ,m4 ,b]n>d ?9ks ^! irregul>ities 9 ,cezanne ! result ( defective eyesight4 ,b su* an explanation is unt5able4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce to %[ t1 to ! contr>y1 !y are ! result ( a highly s5sitis$ sight--a sight :i* simultane\sly calls up ! complem5t>y ( ! ?+ view$1 :e!r x be a l9e1 a col\r or a tone4 ,?is d\ble vision is only a dep5d5cy ( ! pla/ic m9d :i*1 in/ead ( approa*+ a problem f ! ne>e/ side1 ?r[s itself automatically to ! opposite side1 &1 by ?us obta9+ a d\ble approa*1 arrives at a full] compreh5sion4 ,:ile slant+ 8 l9e & di/ort+ 8 volumes ,cezanne 0 unconsci\sly m\ld+ ! p>ts to e*o ! organisation ( ! :ole4 ,9 turn+ 8 pictures into block-manife/ations1 he /rove = a result :i* w\ld conduce to a pr(\nd] ae/hetic pleasure ?an did ! l9e> movem5ts ( ,r5oir4 ,aft] we h enjoy$ ,r5oir's rhy?ms we c lay !m aside = ! "t z we c a v beautiful b simple melody4 ,! =ce ( ,cezanne /rikes u l t ( a va/ bulk or a m\nta94 ,contemplat+ 8 "w is l com+ sudd5ly face to face ) an ord]$ elem5tal =ce4 ,at fir/ we are consci\s only ( a %ock1 b :5 our wond] has abat$1 we f9d ourselves /udy+ ! small] =ms :i* g into ! picture's mak+4 ,9 ! #aijb ,baigneuses ( ,r5oir ea* sep>ate figure is a beautiful & complete =m :i* fits into & becomes "p ( ! g5]al rhy?m4 ,9 ,cezanne ! importance ( p>ts is entirely subm]g$ 9 ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,"h is ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two great m53 we enjoy ea* "p ( ,r5oir & are conduct$ by l9e to a completion2 9 ,cezanne we are /ruck simultane\sly by ea* int]relat$ "p4 ,view+ a canvas ( ! latt] is l go+ out into ! blaz+ sunlight f ! cool sombr5ess ( a h\se4 ,at fir/ we are aw>e only ( ! =ce ( ! light1 b z we gradually become accu/om$ to ! gl>e1 we beg9 to p]ceive sep>ately objects :i* be=e _h be5 only a "p ( ! g5]al impression4 ,! fact t ,cezanne inv>iably spoke ( ! motif %\ld h giv5 8 fri5ds a clue to 8 conception ( composition4 ,be=e him composition _h be5 to a great ext5t ! =mation ( a simple melody ( l9e 9 ?ree dim5sions1 con/ruct$ by ! =ms ( objects4 ,x correspond$ to ! purely melodi\s 9 music1 ! op5+ ( ! !me1 its sequ5ce ( phras+ & ! f9ale4 ,cezanne *ose a motif1 & 9 ea* movem5t ( 8 picture x is to be f\nd1 v>i$1 elaborat$1 rev]s$ & develop$4 ,ea* "p ( 8 canvas is a beg9n+1 yet ea* "p1 ?\gh di/9ct z a =m1 is p]fectly unit$ bo? ) ! op5+ motif & ) e v>iation ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pommes ,,sur ,,une ,,table by ,,cezanne ,9 ?is little-und]/ood side ( ,cezanne's g5ius lies an inf9itude ( possibilities4 ,)\t an ability to organise1 all 8 k is wor?less to ! pa9t]4 ,he himself c\ld apply x1 & 8 und]/&+ ( ! exact adaptability ( a =m to a holl[ p]mitt$ him to express 8 k ) a =ce 8 foll[]s lack4 ,8 s5sitiv5ess to spaces & ! *>act]s ( 8 =ms recall at times ! works ( ,mokkei :o us$ protub]ances & holl[s 7namely3 accid5ts ( portraiture & l&scape7 to enri* & div]sify =m4 ,nature to ,cezanne 0 n simple1 & he nev] depict$ x ?us4 ,ev5 9 8 ba?+ pieces1 ^: disproportions are deplor$ by _m1 ! composition is m9utely conceiv$1 n on a simple h>monic figure1 b on complicat$ oppositional planes4 ,n only are ! surface =ms p]fectly adapt$ to a giv5 space1 b ! directions tak5 by ^! =ms are z solidly indicat$ & ! vacancies made by !m are z solidly fill$ 91 z 9 a ,rub5s4 ,inde$ ^! canvases1 z block-manife/ations1 are ne>ly z p]fect z ! pictures ( ,el ,greco :o 0 ! greate/ ma/] ( ?is k9d ( composition4 ,cezanne %\ld be numb]$ among ! exp]im5t]s 9 art4 ,) him1 z ) ! ,impressioni/s1 ! desire 0 to le>n r ?an to utilise discov]ies4 ,! pa9t]s f ,c\rbet to ,cezanne 7 ! fir/ to u%] 9 an au!ntically reali/ic art mode1 & !y 7 also ! fir/ :o s5s$ ! possibilities ( inanimate reality = ae/hetic organisation4 ,o!rs be=e !m _h reg>d$ nature /rictly en amateur1 us+ only ! human body = ab/ract purposes4 ,ev5 ,mi*elangelo said t aside f x !re 0 no?+ wor? :ile4 ,^! mod]n innovators refut$ 8 ass]tion by prov+ ! contr>y1 namely3 by introduc+ ord] into *aotic nature4 ,_! simple arrangem5ts1 h[ev]1 w\ld n h satisfi$ ,mi*elangelo :o1 l all m5 :o come at a floresc5ce :5 ! lessons h be5 le>n$ & x rema9s only to apply !m1 dem&$ an arbitr>y organisation :i* %\ld be n only ord]$ b compos$4 ,cezanne did little compos+ 9 ! melodic s5se ( ! ^w4 ,he /opp$ at ! gate ( great composition :i*1 aft] po9t+ ! future way1 he left = 8 successors to ent]4 ,8 syn!tic int]e/ 0 limit$ to ! et]nal fugue qualities ( nature4 ,he und\bt$ly saw ! futility ( creat+ polyphonic composition f lemons & napk9s1 b he _h n f\nd a m5/ruum 9 :i* ! qualities ( 8 mat]ials w\ld disappe>4 ,! old ma/]s _h done all t 0 possible ) ! recognisable human body2 ,cezanne's desires = ! purification ( pa9t+ kept him f attempt+ to improve on _! m$ium4 ,among a great scope ( oil subjects "o _c say ?r\gh :i* ( !m ,cezanne has ex]t$ ! /ronge/ influ5ce4 ,8 l&scapes h made z _m disciples z 8 portraits1 & 8 figure pieces & /ill-lives are univ]sally copi$4 ,b 8 greate/ "w1 8 wat]-col\rs1 has almo/ no foll[+4 ,9 ^! he f\nd 8 mo/ facile & flu5t expression4 ,8 me?od ( work+ 9 oil _h always be5 ! pos+ ( small1 slightly oblong t\*es ( col\r :i* gave1 8 canvases ! appe>ance ( p]fect mosaics4 ,9 8 wat]-col\r pictures ^! t\*es are plac$ side by side ) little or no ?\ght ( _! ultimate objective importance1 & !y become l>g] planes ( unmix$ t9ts juxtapos$ 9 su* a way t volum9\s =m results4 ,8 "w 9 ?is mo/ difficult m$ium has an ab/ract significance1 = 9 x ev5 ! objective col\r+ ( natural objects is unnoticeable4 ,! col\rs /& by !mselves2 & :ile ! aspect ( ,cezanne's pictures 9 ?is m$ium is flat & almo/ transp>5t1 ! subjective emotion we feel be=e !m is great] ?an 9 8 oil "w4 ,9 ^! pictures !re 0 no go+ back to ret\*4 ,!y _h to be visualis$ z a :ole be=e !y c\ld be comm5c$4 ,ea* bru% /roke _h to be a def9ite & irretrievable /ep t[>d ! completion ( ! ensemble4 ,z we /udy !m a sl[ %ift+ ( ! planes is felt3 an emotional recon/ruction takes place1 & at l5g? ! volumes beg9 _! turn+1 advanc+ & retreat+ z 9 8 oil pa9t+s1 only "h ! purely ae/hetic quality is unadult]at$ by objective reality4 ,9 ^! wat]-col\rs1 m ?an 9 any ( 8 o!r "w1 has he pos$ ! "q ( ae/hetic beauty itself4 ,:5 we contemplate !m1 we are m ?an ev] conv9c$ t ,cezanne 0 ! fir/ pa9t]1 t is1 ! fir/ man to express himself entirely 9 ! m$ium ( 8 art1 col\r4 ,un=tunately ^! pictures are difficult ( access4 ,only occasionally are !y expos$ 9 a gr\p4 ,b]nheim-,jeune has a magnific5t collection ( !m1 & x is to be hop$ !y w soon f9d _! way into public museums4 ,ev5tually1 :5 a true compreh5sion ( ?is great man comes1 !y w supplant 8 o!r ef=ts4 ,8 desires = a pure art are "h express$ mo/ int5sely4 ,cezanne1 h[ev]1 is n always able to realise1 z he put x4 ,ev5 9 ^! wat]-col\rs he did n atta9 8 desire4 ,he />t$ too late 9 life to acquire complete ma/]y ov] 8 enorm\s means4 ,"o mu/ be a workman 9 "o's art1 mu/ "k "o's me?od ( realisation1 he said4 ,"o mu/ be a pa9t] by ! v qualities ( pa9t+1 by mak+ use ( ! r\gh mat]ials ( art4 ,he fail$ to ga9 t great facility by :i* supreme realisation is a*iev$1 because ! span ( life accord$ him 0 too %ort4 ,he 0 old :5 8 be/ "w 0 begun1 & l ,joseph ,conrad1 he _h pass$ 8 y\? be=e ! great ambition fir$ him4 ,realis+ to him meant ! h&l+ ( 8 /up5d\s means z easily z ! academicians h&l$ _! puny ones4 ,?is he c\ld nev] d1 & 8 age haunt$ him to ! end4 ,_m h tak5 him lit]ally :5 he said he desir$ to expose 9 ,b\gu]eau's ,salon1 b ?\gh he e>ne/ly wi%$ x1 he desir$ to be receiv$ !re z ,b\gu]eau 03 z "o :o _h ma/]$ 8 expression4 ,! ext]ior appe>ance is no?+1 he expla9$4 ,! ob/acle is t ,i don't realise suffici5tly4 ,9 o!r words1 he did n h great en\gh flu5cy to p]mit only ! highe/ qualities ( 8 art to be felt4 ,9 8 gigantic ef=ts to realise1 8 pictures *ang$ col\r & =m _m times be=e !y 7 f9i%$4 ,8 respect & admiration = inf]ior m5 l ,b\gu]eau & ,c\ture 0 due to _! enviable facility 9 h&l+ _! means4 ,he knew t ! fundam5tal & unalt]able laws ( organisation _h be5 f\nd & p]fect$ by ! old ma/]s1 & t1 s long z we 7 human1 we mu/ build on _! discov]ies4 ,only to realise l ! ,v5etians6 he cri$4 ,& lat]3 ,we mu/ aga9 become classici/s by way ( nature1 t is to say1 by s5sation4444 ,i am old1 & x is possible ,i %all die )\t hav+ atta9$ ?is great end4 ,a ye> be=e 8 dea? he said3 ,yes1 ,i am too old2 ,i h n realis$1 & ,i %all nev] realise n[4 ,i %all rema9 ! primitive ( ! way ,i h discov]$4 ,! pr$iction prov$ true1 b 8 de/9y 0 none ! less a glori\s "o4 ,depriv$ ( ! phr5etic impulse :i* took him 9 all wea!rs ov] c\ntry roads to ! motif f six o'clock 9 ! morn+ until d>k1 he w\ld nev] h a*iev$ :at he did4 ,! fact ( ?is great mod]n g5ius go+ to "w 9 a hir$ c>riage1 too weak to walk1 %\ld be a lesson to ^? pa9t]s :o are always await+ ! comb9ation ( propiti\s circum/ances :i* w provide !m ) a p]fect /udio1 a p]fect model & a p]fect desire4 ,cezanne1 h[ev]1 knew 8 high place 9 art hi/ory4 ,once :5 ,balzac's ,le ,*ef-d',o,euvre ,inconnu 0 br\ght up 9 conv]sation & ! "n ( its h]o1 ,fr5h(]1 0 m5tion$1 he arose ) te>s 9 8 eyes & indicat$ himself ) a s+le ge/ure4 ,s sure 0 he ( :at he want$ to d t :5 he fail$ he disc>d$ 8 canvases4 ,_m ( !m are only half cov]$4 ,he c\ld nev] pad m]ely to fill out an arbitr>y frame4 ,) ,cezanne's dea? came 8 apo!osis4 ,z he _h pr$ict$1 ?\s&s ru%$ 9 & clev]ly imitat$ 8 surfaces1 8 col\r gamuts1 8 di/ortions ( l9e4 ,8 :ite wood5 tables & ruddy apples & twi/$ fruit-di%es h lately become ! etiquette ( sophi/ication4 ,b all ?is is n au!ntic eulogy4 ,d]a91 8 mo/ ard5t imitator1 is z ignorant ( him z ,nadelmann is ( ! ,greeks or ,ar*ip5ko is ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,& ! majority ( ^? :o h writt5 books conc]n+ him m]ely e*o ! un9tellig5t commotion t goes on ab\t 8 "n4 ,cezanne's significance lies 9 8 gifts to ! pa9t]s ( ! future1 to ^? 9 :om ! creative in/9ct is a sacr$ & exalt$ ?+1 to ^? s]i\s & solit>y m5 ^: insatiability makes ( !m explor]s 9 new fields4 ,to su* arti/s ,cezanne w always be ! primitive ( ! way t !y !mselves w take1 = !re c be no g5u9e art ( ! future )\t 8 direct+ & guid+ h&4 ,8 po/ulates are too solidly f\nd$ on human organisms ev] to be ignor$4 ,he may be modifi$ & develop$3 he c nev] be set aside until ! primal emotions ( life are *ang$4 ,only today is he beg9n+ to be und]/ood1 & ev5 n[ 8 claim to true greatness is que/ion$4 ,b ,cezanne1 judg$ ei!r z a !ori/ or z an a*iev]1 is ! preem95t figure 9 mod]n art4 ,r5oir alone approa*es 8 /ature4 ,purely z a pa9t] he is ! greate/ ! _w has produc$4 ,9 ! visual arts he is surpass$ only by ,el ,greco1 ,mi*elangelo & ,rub5s4 ,,vii ,,! ,,neo-,,impressioni/s ,! ,impressioni/s1 al?\gh !y turn$ _! backs ^u casual selectivism & bran*$ out into analytic rese>*1 _h--contr>y to ! g5]ally accept$ op9ion--no precise & sci5tific me?od ( col\r application4 ,?is came lat] ) ! adv5t ( a gr\p ( pa9t]s :o h be5 call$1 9 turn1 ,po9tilli/s1 ,divisioni/s1 ,*romo-lum9>i/s & ,neo-,impressioni/s1 b :o *ose to reg>d !mselves only z ! la/ ( ^! f\r designations4 ,& !re is p]haps m logic 9 ?is nom5clature1 = x is n limit$ te*nically2 x conta9s no claim to a*ievem5t z does ,*romo-lum9>ism2 & x sugge/s ?is new s*ool's consangu9ity ) ! movem5t out ( :i* x grew4 ,) ,delacroix's ,j\rnal1 ! pictures ( ,claude ,monet & ,*evreul's pione] treatise on col\r1 ,de la ,loi du ,contra/e ,simultane des ,c\leurs1 ! ,neo-,impressioni/s evolv$ a coldly sci5tific me?od ( te*nique4 ,by c>ry+ a simple premise to its ultimate conclusion1 reg>dless ( ev]y?+ save ! exact+ dem&s ( logic1 !y endeav\r$ to height5 ! emotional effect ( ! ,impressioni/ vision4 ,9 ?is movem5t1 z 9 o!r simil> ones1 c be detect$ ! _s :i* animates ! ard5t vision>y :5 he contemplates a novel me?od--! _s :i* invites him to g to ev5 great] extremes4 ,9 x !re is z mu* en?usiasm z s]i\s purpose1 z mu* ( ! ess5ce ( y\? z ( ! arrivi/e4 ,9 no in/ance has su* a _s l$ to significant results2 & ! ,neo-,impressioni/s prove no exception4 ,9 look+ too fix$ly at means1 !y lo/ sight ( _! ends4 ,_! debut took place at ! la/ conc]t$ exhibition ( ! ,impressioni/s 9 #ahhf :]e ! canvases ( ,seurat & ,signac 7 hung beside ^? ( ,cassatt1 ,bracquemond1 ,morisot1 ,camille & ,luci5 ,piss>ro1 ,gaugu91 ,guillaum91 ,r$on1 ,s*uff5eck]1 ,tillot1 ,degas1 ,=a9 & ,vignon4 ,"h 0 se5 = ! fir/ "t ! logical ext5sion ( ! e>li] me?ods ( ,monet & ,piss>ro4 ,georges ,seurat _h once be5 a good /ud5t at ! ,beaux-,arts1 b 8 quick1 precise & que/ion+ intellig5ce _h sav$ him f fall+ "u ! pr(essorial injunctions4 ,mo/ ( 8 /udy+ 0 done 9 ! art museums :]e he contemplat$ = long ! old ma/]s4 ,"h he discov]$ t !re are analog\s laws :i* gov]n l9e1 tone1 col\r & composition1 z mu* ) ,rub5s z ) ,raphael1 ) ,mi*elangelo z ) ,delacroix3 rhy?m1 measure & contra/4 7,by rhy?m1 measure & contra/ he meant curv$ l9es1 space & opposition47 ,/ill se>*+ = ! secrets ( art he /udi$ ! works ( ! ,ori5t & ! writ+s ( ,*evreul1 ,sup]ville1 ,humb]t1 ,blanc1 ,rood & ,helmholtz4 ,!n1 by analys+ ,delacroix1 he f\nd sub/antiation = 8 discov]ies4 ,! result ( ?is /udy 01 z ,signac tells u1 8 judici\s & f]tile !ory ( contra/s4 ,f #ahhb on he appli$ x to all 8 canvases4 ,! !ory 9 brief 0 to use sci5tifically oppos$ spots ( col\r ( m or less purity4 ,?is me?od he might h le>n$ direct f ! fir/ mod]n ,fr5* ma/]1 = 9 t arti/'s ,j\rnal are discuss$ at l5g? col\r division2 optical admixture2 ! dramatic unity ( col\r1 l9e & subject2 & ! juxtaposition ( complem5t>ies = brilliancy4 ,paul ,signac's evolution 0 diff]5t4 ,he _h fir/ be5 "u ! influ5ce ( ,piss>ro1 ,r5oir1 ,monet & ,guillaum91 & ?\gh be+ a zeal\s pupil ( _! me?ods1 he knew little ( _! motives4 ,x 0 only aft] he _h obs]v$ ! int]play & contra/ ( col\rs 9 nature t he s\ght explanation 9 ! works ( 8 ma/]s1 ! ,impressioni/s4 ,fail+1 he turn$ aga9 to nature4 ,9 copy+ x1 he discov]$ t 9 ! gradation f "o col\r to ano!r1 let u say f blue to orange1 ! transition 0 always muddy & disagreeable :5 mix$ on ! palette1 al?\gh if di/9ct spots ( ^! two col\rs 7 juxtapos$ 9 alt]nat+ ratio1 ! modulation w\ld be smoo? & clean4 ,?is obs]vation impell$ him to seek a me?od :]eby ?is passage c\ld be highly cl>ifi$4 ,consequ5tly he completely divid$ ! ,impressioni/s' spots s t ea* individual t\* rema9$ pure & at ! same "t left pat*es ( ! :ite canvas %[+ = purposes ( brilliancy4 ,8 next /ep l$ him to ,*evreul ^: !ory ( complem5t>ies he committ$ to memory4 ,8 te*nical education he n[ deem$ complete4 ,seurat & ,signac fir/ met at ! ,salon des ,arti/es ,indep5dants 9 #ahhd1 & _! discov]ies 7 at once mutually appropriat$4 ,signac's col\r divisions1 comb9$ ) ,seurat's m s*ol>ly equilibrium ( elem5ts1 =m$ ! nucleus f :i* evolv$ ! ,neo-,impressioni/s :o lat] repudiat$ ,impressionism1 us+ x only z ! po9t f :i* !y leapt (f into a morass ( set =mulas4 ,x 0 a laudable desire on ! "p ( ^! new m51 especially ( ,seurat1 to try to snat* f a purely inspirational s*ool its halo ( my/]y & to place pa9t+ me?ods on a s\nd rationali/ic basis4 ,b :ile !y 7 "r 9 believ+ a picture %\ld be m ?an ! visual accompanim5t to s5tim5ts1 !y %\ld h gone deep] ?an ! m]e ext]ior ( pa9t+4 ,= example1 !y %\ld h tri$ to see 9 :at pla/ic way _! col\r !ories c\ld be us$1 in/ead ( limit+ !mselves to ! syn!tic unity ( ae/hetic illu/ration4 ,& !y %\ld h tri$ to make a =m-produc+ faculty ( _! light in/ead ( introduc+ into x ano!r poetic elem5t 9 ! %ape ( dramatic l9e4 ,b !y 7 m conc]n$ ) ! clo!s 9 ! w>drobe ( art ?an 9 its body4 ,_! pa9t+1 z a result1 0 )\t su/a9+ /ructure4 ,) ! ,impressioni/s1 z ) all significant art movem5ts1 ! desire = *ange & = high] emotional p[] came fir/3 ! me?od came lat]4 ,) ! ,neo-,impressioni/s ?is ord] 0 rev]s$4 ,_! canvases = ?is reason are less emotional ?an ^? ( _! =]unn]s4 ,by limit+ _! palettes to c]ta9 pure col\rs !y re/rict$ _! div]sity ( int]e/4 ,ev5 _! aim at a sci5tific art has gone f> ( ! m>k because _! sci5ce 0 9 _m in/ances faulty4 ,by condition+ _! me?ods on ! obs]vations ( inaccurate writ]s !y 7 able to progress only s f> z ^! obs]vations w5t4 ,*evreul is f> f au?oritative today3 9 fact !re is no compreh5sive sci5tific "w on col\r 9 exi/5ce4 ,tudor-,h>t1 ! greate/ ( all col\r sci5ti/s1 has bla/$ _m ( ! old] accept$ !ories ( su* m5 z ,helmholtz1 ,rood & ,*evreul1 & 8 exp]im5ts h %[n conclusively t _m ( _! po/ulates are unreliable4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s 7 unaw>e ( ,*evreul's errors1 & _! m9ds 7 too lit]al to enable !m to make new & m advanc$ obs]vations 9 ! realm ( col\r4 ,! meagre att5tion paid !m is n due to _! novelty1 b to ! fact t !y h done no?+ ! ,impressioni/s did n d bett]4 ,!y are l a c>tridge :i*1 hav+ all ! combu/ible +r$i5ts1 fails to explode because x is wet4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s may1 9 refutation1 po9t to music z a sci5tific art4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ta/e br\ght ab\t ! con/ruction ( *ords & t ! ma!matical explanation came lat]4 ,! primitive peoples :o f\nd an ae/hetic pleasure 9 brok5-up major *ords 7 ignorant ( nodal po9ts & ! laws ( vibration4 ,! e>ly ,assyrians _h a pipe ( ?ree notes1 ,c1 ,e & ,g1 p]fectly attun$1 yet !y 7 ignorant ( ! sci5ce ( h>mony4 ,ta/e 9 ! arts has always come fir/3 sci5ce foll[s ) its int]pretations4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 ?r\gh in/9ct1 creat$ _! m>vels ( light & atmosph]e4 ,aft]w>d ! sci5ce ( optics expla9$ _! ef=ts4 ,p]sonal ta/e 0 _! only crit]ion1 & no books c\ld h taught !m _! lesson1 because _! me?ods 7 s pla/ic t :atev] 0 to !m arti/ically consi/5t 0 "r4 ,_h !y be5 famili> ) sci5ce1 x /ill w\ld h rema9$ to be appli$3 & x is only by ! sup]imposition ( ta/e t k 9 ! arti/ becomes pregnant4 ,! ,divisioni/s1 by mak+ a h>d & fa/ code ( sci5ce1 enslav$ !mselves to ! dem&s ( !ories4 ,! function+ ( _! ta/es 0 nullifi$4 ,!y !re=e fell %ort ( art4 ,9 ,signac's book1 ,d',eug5e ,delacroix au ,neo-,impressionnisme1 are expla9$ _m po9ts ( div]g5ce betwe5 ?is s*ool & t ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,! diff]5ce ( ! two me?ods may be exemplifi$ by describ+ ! mann] 9 :i* ea* approa*$ a l&scape :]e9 ! grass & foliage 7 p>tly 9 %ad[ & p>tly 9 sunlight4 ,9 su* a l&scape ! arti/'s eye records a fleet+1 dimly-felt impression ( r$ 9 t "p ( ! gre5 ( ! %ad[ :i* is ne>e/ ! light region4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 satisfi$ ) hav+ exp]i5c$ ?is s5sation1 ha/5$ to put a t\* ( r$ on _! canvas1 :ile ! actual col\r 9 nature might h be5 an orange1 a v]milion1 or ev5 a purple4 ,9 ?is haphaz>d *oice ( a r$ ,signac detect$ slov5l9ess4 ,he says t ! %ad[ ( any col\r is always lightly t9t$ ) ! col\r's complem5t>y2 t if ! light is yell[-gre5 ! %ad[ w be t\*$ ) violet2 if orange1 ! %ad[ w conta9 blue-gre54 ,_h ! ,impressioni/s kn[n ?is fact & c>$ to use x1 says ,signac1 !y c\ld h made _! pictures sci5tifically correct by pos+ ! exact complem5t>y ( light 9 _! %ad[4 ,& he adds t x is difficult to see 9 j :at way ?is process w\ld h h>m$ _! "w4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n s difficult z he imag9es4 ,if1 9 copy+ nature by a /rictly sci5tific vision z ! ,neo-,impressioni/s advocate1 we closely /udy ! light1 we w discov] n only t a local col\r is modifi$ by ! col\r ( ! sun's rays1 b t an add$ suite ( col\rs is introduc$ by ! absorption ( "s ( ! object's p>ticles1 by ! encompass+ air1 & by ! circumjac5t reflections4 ,we may h 7#a7 ! local col\r :i*1 let u say1 is gre51 7#b7 ! col\r ( sunlight1 7#c7 ! col\r caus$ by atmosph]ic conditions1 7#d7 ! reflection ( sky1 & 7#e7 ! reflection ( ! gr\nd4 ,fur!rmore1 if ! object has any ind5tures _! %ad[s w l[] to a limit$ degree ! :ole tone ( ! object4 ,at ! lea/ calculation !n we h 7#a7 gre51 7#b7 yell[-orange1 7#c7 any col\r 9 ! cold region ( ! spectrum1 7#d7 blue or violet1 & 7#e7 gre51 br[n1 ,v5etian r$ or any col\r 9 ! w>m region ( ! spectrum3--all ( :i* col\rs *ange & %ift unceas+ly1 dep5d5t on ! d5sity ( ! air :i* obscures1 to a less] or great] degree1 ! sun's rays & h5ce *anges ! reflection f sky & gr\nd1 !reby modify+ ! local col\r4 ,?us x is impossible :5 copy+ nature ev5 to det]m9e ! col\r ( its light5$ p>ts4 ,& if a col\r premise _c be e/abli%$1 x is obvi\sly impossible to f9d its exact complem5t>y4 ,suppose we admit t an approximate col\r c be record$ = t "p ( ! l&scape's gre5 :i* is 9 ! light1 t is1 ! gre5 ^: complem5t is to be plac$ on ! outskirts ( ! %ad[4 ,let u say t ?is gre5 is te*nically a yell[-gre51 s9ce x is 9 ! sun4 ,n[ ! complem5t ( yell[-gre5 is n1 z ! ,neo-,impressioni/s hold1 violet1 b r$-violet or purple4 ,b1 7 r$-violet us$ 9 ! %ad[1 its effect w\ld be false1 because1 9 ord] = yell[-gre5 to call up its pure complem5t>y1 ! light itself mu/ be an int5se yell[-gre5--s int5se 9 fact t ! local col\r ( ! object 7:atev] x is7 is entirely absorb$ & unable to influ5ce ! light4 ,!n1 & only !n1 w\ld ! %ad[ be pure purple1 = ! local col\r1 be+ nullifi$1 w\ld n int]f]e ) ! optical s5sation ( complem5t>ies4 ,b on an object :i* appe>s yell[-gre5 9 ! light1 ! yell[ ( :i* is ! sun's rays & ! gre5 ! local col\r1 ! %ad[ also is modifi$ by ! local col\r 9 ! same proportion t ! light is modifi$1 only its modification is 9 an opposite direction2 t is1 ! yell[ ( ! sun's rays1 9 rais+ gre5 to yell[-gre51 l[]s ! gre5 ( ! %ad[ to blue-gre54 ,!re=e ! %ad[ is n ! complem5t>y ( ! light col\r4 ,b 9 ! d>ke/ "p ( ! %ad[1 :i* is ! b\nd>y divid+ x f ! light1 !re is a s5sation ( r$ d]iv$ f purple1 purple be+ ! complem5t>y ( ! yell[-gre54 ,?us 9 a blue object1 ?\gh ! pure complem5t>y ( ! light$ "p w\ld be orange1 ! %ad[ 9 sunlight is m]ely d>k blue ) t fugitive s5sation ( r$ ?r\gh x4 ,9 ! %ad[ on su* an object ,signac calls = pure orange1 claim+ t a v]milion1 a lake or a purple is out ( place4 ,8 col\r sci5ce 9 ! ab/ract may be unimpea*able1 b 8 physics is faulty4 ,! s5sation caus$ by ! complem5t>y ( ! light$ "p is t ( a r$di% t9t2 & s long z ! pa9t] introduces a col\r into ! %ad[ s z to give ?is impression ( r$1 he is at lea/ empirically1 ?\gh n sci5tifically1 correct4 ,!re is only a s5sation ( r$1 n a def9ite spot :]e r$ c be plac$2 & = ! canvas to be tru?ful emotionally !re mu/ be only t s5sation ( r$ 9 ! pa9t$ %ad[4 ,& ! only way to produce x )\t mak+ a spot ( orange1 :i* is a light col\r & :i* 9 its pure /ate has no prop]ties 9 common ) %ad[1 is to use a col\r :i* is intimately connect$ ) %ad[ & :i* conta9s ! elem5ts ( bo? light & %ad[4 ,?us 9 ! cold blui%-orange %ad[ ( a blue object !re mu/ be plac$ a cold lake or a purple :i* p>takes ( bo? ! light & %ad[ & !re=e does n (f5d ! eye by its isolation4 ,9 ! blui% or blue-gre5 %ad[ ( a yell[-gre5 object1 a purple is too aggressive & blatant1 :ile a blue-violet or an att5uat$ violet is d\bly h>moni\s4 ,inde$ !re is ano!r reason :y complem5t>ies %\ld n be us$1 b m]ely _! approximations set d[n4 ,p]fect complem5t>ies neutralise ea* o!r &1 :5 optically mix$ or appli$ 9 su* small p>ticles 9 a pure /ate t at a %ort di/ance ! eye _c di/+ui% _! limitations1 produce a metallic & acid grey :i* is to col\r h>mony :at noise is to music4 ,:5 ,c & ,g-flat are /ruck toge!r ! s5sitive e> revolts 9 ! same way a s5sitive eye revolts at complem5t>ies 9 col\r4 ,b :ile 9 music a m9or1 or dim9i%$1 fif? is displeas+1 by increas+ or r$uc+ ! int]val a semitone1 by mak+ x1 = in/ance1 ,c--,f or ,c--,g1 a pleas+ effect c be obta9$4 ,9 col\r also ?is pr9ciple holds good4 ,! complem5t>y comb9ation ( r$ & gre5 is h>%1 b by plac+ r$ ) "o ( ! spectrum tones on ei!r side ( gre5 a pleasurable h>mony is at once e/abli%$4 ,! ,impressioni/s ?r\gh in/9ct g5]ally made use ( col\rs :i* primitively or s(tly h>monis$1 aga9 prov+ ! asc5d5cy ( ta/e ov] sy/em1 = if ta/e is s5sitive x w be v]ifi$ by sci5ce4 ,sci5ce1 h[ev]1 _c create ta/e4 ,:5 we consid] ! ,neo-,impressioni/s' antagoni/ic & neutralis+ complem5t>ies1 x is difficult to und]/& _! criticism ( ,impressionism4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 !y said1 put a little ( ev]y?+ ev]y:]e1 & 9 ! result+ poly*romatic tumult !re 7 antagoni/ic elem5ts3 9 neutralis+ ea* o!r1 !y dead5$ ! ensemble ( ! picture4 ,n[ 9 ! entire range ( col\r f violet to yell[ !re is h>dly a possible dual comb9ation :i* _c be made h>moni\s by ! addition ( "o or two o!r col\rs4 ,9 ?is process ( complication lie ! inf9ite h>monic possibilities ( s\nd z well z ( col\r4 ,!re are no two notes 9 music :i*1 ?\gh :5 /ruck toge!r are j>r+1 _c be drawn into a p]fect *ord by ! introduction ( c]ta9 o!r notes4 ,& any two l9es1 no matt] h[ inapposite1 c be ae/hetically relat$ by o!r l9es prop]ly plac$4 ,ev5 7 ! ,neo-,impressioni/s1 9 _! criticism1 ref]r+ to ! plac+ ( blue 9 light & ( yell[ 9 %ad[1 !y w\ld /ill be op5 to refutation1 = _! pr$ecessors1 by plac+ on _! canvases ! col\rs !y _h felt 9 contemplat+ _! models1 7 once m emotionally "r al?\gh n exactly "r f ! /&po9t ( ab/ract sci5ce4 ,) all ! brilliancy ( _! pure pigm5ts ! ,neo-,impressioni/s h yet to produce a canvas z brilliant or z h>moni\s z ^? ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,! reason is n f> to seek4 ,9 an ,impressioni/ picture !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( neutrality caus$ by mix+ ! col\r ( light ) t ( blue %ad[2 & ?is mixture height5s ! sc9tillation ( ! ensemble4 ,! ,divisioni/s1 on ! o!r h&1 w5t s f> z to aboli% neutrality altoge!r4 ,9 rais+ all values to a po9t ( saturation1 !y dim9i%$ ! brilliancy ( ! picture z a :ole4 ,x is to be d\bt$ s]i\sly if ev5 ,signac is /ill ( ! belief t ! ,po9tilli/s' squ>es ( col\r bl5d optically4 ,!oretically !y %\ld1 b actually ! impression we receive is n "o ( vibrant light4 ,we see only an ext5d$ s]ies ( spots :i* are all ab\t ! same size--a size :i* 0 v>i$ b little z ! dim5sions ( ! canvas v>i$1 z 0 ! case ) ! ,impressioni/s4 ,b ^! latt] arti/s mix$ _! spots n only on ! palette b on ! canvas z well1 & bl5t !m into neighb\r+ spots4 ,! result 0 a ri*ly decorat$ surface ^: m9ute p>ts d n foi/ !mselves ^u our sight4 ,b 9 ,signac1 ,cross1 ,van ,rysselb]ghe1 ,dubois-,pillet1 ,luce1 ,petitjean1 ,van de ,velde or ,augr&1 :o develop$ ^! means to _! ultimate limits1 ^! spots are s displeas+ & obtrusive t x is m5tally impossible to lose sight ( !m 9 ! contemplation ( ! pictures4 ,all ( ^! arti/s produce flat "w1 ) ! possible exception ( ,van ,rysselb]ghe :o has m]ely sup]pos$ ?is te*nique on an obvi\s & ins5sitive academism4 ,he is to ! ,neo-,impressioni/s :at ,h5ri ,m>t9 is to ,monet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,les ,,t\rs ,,v]tes ,a ,,la ,,ro*elle by ,,signac ,!re has be5 too mu* cr$it tak5 by ! ,neo-,impressioni/s = ! discov]y ( ?is /ippl+ te*nique4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is n :olly orig9al ) !m4 ,turn]1 ,con/able1 ,delacroix1 ,jongk9d1 ,fant9-,lat\r1 ,cezanne & ! ,impressioni/s 7 all int]e/$ 9 break+ nature up into p>ts 9 ord] to arrive at a dynamic repres5tation ( ! :ole4 ,! process ) !m 0 comm5dable1 b ! ,*romo-lum9>i/s c>ri$ x to su* an extreme t !y saw nature only 9 ord] to break x into spots4 ,!y repudiate vehem5tly ! appellation ( ,po9tilli/s1 & ! "n t ,emile ,b]n>d gave !m--,po9ti/s--has rema9$ b5ea? _! notice4 ,!y po9t out t "o may be a ,po9tilli/ )\t be+ a ,divisioni/1 = ,po9tillism is ! us+ ( col\r 9 spots s z to avoid its flat application1 :ile division is ! application ( sep>at$ spots ( pure pigm5t = ! purpose ( br++ ab\t an optical admixture4 ,! idea ( optical admixture 0 born :5 "s "o plac$ sev]al planes ( diff]5t col\rs on a disc &1 by revolv+ x rapidly1 caus$ !m to bl5d p]fectly4 ,imm$iately ! ,neo-,impressioni/s jump$ to ! conclusion t di/ance w\ld accompli% ! same result ) any-siz$ spots4 ,?is assumption 0 _! initial error4 ,!re is a v def9ite limit to ! size ( col\r spots :i* at a di/ance w bl5d optically1 & ! arti/s ( ?is s*ool1 ) ! "o exception ( ,seurat1 made _! spots too l>ge4 ,delacroix nev] juxtapos$ l>ge /rips ( complem5t>ies 9 "o plane1 b appli$ ha*ures ( almo/ ! same t9t4 ,! effect w\ld h be5 little diff]5t _h he pa9t$ flatly1 except = ! ri*] mati]e ?is me?od produc$4 ,! ,impressioni/s mix$ _! col\rs bo? on ! palette & on ! canvas1 except :5 !y wi%$ to reproduce a c]ta9 texture t call$ = small lights & %ad[s plac$ side by side4 ,& ,cezanne modulat$ 8 col\r spots s t !re 7 no jumps or hiatuses betwe5 !m4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/ic me?ods h no su* subtleties4 ,9 apply+ _! col\r ^! pa9t]s keep ea* spot sep>at$ f its neighb\r by a t9y bit ( :ite canvas :i* is int5d$ to give add$ light to ea* "p4 ,! spots are unmix$ & are appli$ /raight f ! palette 9 prepond]at+ proportions to obta9 c]ta9 g5]al col\r impressions4 ,!y use only ! sev5 col\rs ( ! prismatic spectrum1 & 9 ?us re/rict+ _! palette !y h limit$ _! range ( greys4 ,s9ce nature itself is a s]ies ( high-pit*$ greys 9 :i* only occasionally does a pure col\r appe>1 !y 7 inadequately equipp$ = reproduc+ x4 ,if1 by rais+ all t9ts to _! purity1 !y hop$ to obta9 ! maximum ( col\ration & !re=e ! maximum ( lum9osity1 !y ov]look$ ! fact t to produce any light :atev] !re mu/ be negation or %ad[4 ,!y fail$ to a*ieve light because !y equalis$ ! brilliancy ( all col\rs4 ,ev5 to produce col\r !re mu/ be black or grey4 ,_! equilibrium ( elem5ts l$ to ! cold grey aspect ( _! "w & to ! acid & inh>moni\s effect ( _! col\r4 ,! desire ( ! ,neo-,impressioni/s to improve ^u ! ,impressioni/ic vision 0 a s9c]e "o1 & 9 _! /riv+ = dramatic means = height5+ ! already int5se emotional p[] ( _! =]unn]s' "w1 !y %[$ !mselves to be animat$ by an ambition = *ange & improvem5t )\t :i* no vital innovation c be made4 ,_! desire 0 comm5dable1 b _! sci5ce 0 inadequate4 ,_! mod]n _s 0 be/ %[n 9 _! se>* = ! significance ( l9e 9 its h>monic relation to col\r & tone4 ,! impetus to ?is se>* emanat$ f ,seurat :o dictat$ to 8 biograph]1 ,jules ,*ri/ophe3 ,art is h>mony2 h>mony is ! analogy ( contr>ies 7contra/s71 ! analogy ( likes 7gradat$71 ( tone1 ( t9t1 ( l9e2--tone1 t is to say1 ! light & d>k2 t9t1 t is to say1 r$ & its complem5t gre51 orange & blue1 yell[ & violet2 l9e1 t is to say1 horizontal directions4444 ,! means ( expression is ! optical admixture ( tones & t9ts & ( _! reactions 7%ad[s7 foll[+ fix$ laws4 ,delacroix _h already turn$ 8 eyes 9 ! direction ( ! h>mony ( l9es & col\rs4 ,x w be recall$ t he wrote 9 8 ,j\rnal3 ,if to a composition1 int]e/+ 9 its *oice ( subject1 y add a disposition ( l9es1 :i* augm5ts ! impression1 a *i>oscuro :i* seizes ! imag9ation1 & a col\r :i* is adapt$ to ! *>act]s1 x is !n a h>mony1 & its comb9ations are s adapt$ t !y produce a unique song4444 ,x is good n to let ea* bru% /roke melt into ! o!rs2 !y w appe> uni=m at a c]ta9 di/ance by ! sympa!tic law :i* associates !m4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s1 tak+ _! cue f ,seurat's obs]vations1 /ate t ! fir/ consid]ation ( a pa9t] be=e a blank canvas %\ld be to det]m9e :at curves & :at arabesques are go+ to divide ! surface1 & :at col\rs & tones cov] x4 ,ev5 9 ?is aim !y w5t fur!r ?an ! ,impressioni/s :o nei!r ord]$ nor syn!sis$ _! works =mally4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s say !y d n comm5ce a canvas until !y h det]m9$ its complete arrangem5t4 ,!n1 guid$ by tradition & sci5ce1 !y h>monise ! composition ) _! conception4 ,t is to say1 !y adapt ! l9es1 col\rs & tones to an ord] :i* ae/hetically expresses ! "* ( emotion _! model calls up 9 !m4 ,!y hold t horizontal l9es give calm2 asc5d+ l9es1 joy2 desc5d+ l9es1 sorr[2 & t ! int]m$i>y l9es repres5t ! inf9ite v>iations ( emotions t lie outside ^! fir/ ?ree types4 ,b !y (f] no explanation ( ! analogies betwe5 ^! int]m$iate l9es & ! k9ds ( emotion !y are suppos$ to call up4 ,!y g on to expla9 t hot t9ts & light tonalities %\ld be appli$ to asc5d+ l9es1 cold t9ts & sombre tonalities to desc5d+ l9es1 & an equal am\nt ( light & d>k to ! horizontal l9es4 ,?us1 !y add1 ! pa9t] becomes a creator & a poet4 ,all ?is !oris+ w\ld be important = ! dramatic illu/rators 7 x entirely true4 ,b :ile a l9e plac$ horizontally may repres5t calm1 ! same l9e made p]p5dicul> or laid at an angle ( =ty-five degrees w also produce calm4 ,! /raight l9e v>ies s little 9 its significance1 no matt] at :at angle x is plac$1 t its direction is negligible f an emotional /&po9t4 ,! degree ( curve 9 a l9e is its emotional elem5t1 & only :5 v>y+ curves come 9 contact is ! highe/ =mal emotion obta9$4 ,! /raight l9e is ! lifeless1 ! /atic1 ! immobile4 ,z su* x c s]ve only z a foil to ! curv$ l9e1 = x is ! /raight t makes ! curv$ ( value4 ,_! !ory conc]n+ hot col\rs & high tones is s\nd] ?an _! l9e> !ory2 b 9 copy+ a joy\s l&scape is "o n =c$ to put on high tonalities & hot col\rs1 s9ce x is 9 see+ ^! high values t we exp]i5ce ! s5sation ( joy8 ,& is x n f ! l[ values 9 nature t we receive our s5sation ( sorr[8 ,"o may acc5tuate ! col\rs & tones1 b if !y are too /rongly int5sifi$ !y w approa* ! o!r extreme & produce dead & m\rnful l&scapes4 ,?is acc5tuation ! ,neo-,impressioni/s c>ri$ to ! limit p]mitt$ by _! pigm5ts4 ,_! ideas ( l9e & ( joy\s & sombre col\rs are und\bt$ly ( value if pr(\ndly & ext5sively compreh5d$ & prop]ly appli$4 ,b1 9 ord] to become significant1 l9e mu/ only delimit organisation & become volume2 & col\r1 in/ead ( m]ely produc+ joy & sorr[1 mu/ br+ ab\t =m4 ,!n aga91 !re is t _w ly+ on ! fur!r side ( flatness :i* mu/ be explor$4 ,) all _! !oris+ & attempts to obta9 brilliancy1 ! ,neo-,impressioni/s produce only grey "w4 ,f ! fir/ ^! arti/s 7 too coldly intellectual1 & x matt]s little :e!r _! sci5ce 0 "r or wrong :5 we contemplate _! pictures4 ,7 _! sci5ce p]fect !y c\ld nev] h creat$ art :i* goes beyond ! arabesque & ! poetry ( arrangem5t1 = !y 7 n fundam5tal ev5 9 _! aims4 ,!y h all pa9t$ diff]5t subjects 9 slightly v>y+ mann]s1 b1 ap>t f ,seurat's1 all _! canvases h ^! ?+s 9 common3 a uni=m range ( col\r1 a set me?od ( te*nique1 & ! h>d & noisy contra/s :i* 9 _! l>g] works produce a v]itable d94 ,^? ( ! ,neo-,impressioni/s :o are /ill liv+ claim to h complet$ ,cezanne1 ,piss>ro & ,delacroix1 to h p]fect$ a me?od1 to h exp&$ logically ! ,impressioni/s to some?+ wor? :ile1 to be 9 accord ) ,rood & ,*evreul1 to h br\ght great h>mony into pa9t+1 to h tak5 pa9t+ into ! pure realms ( poesy & symphonic musical composition4 ,alas1 t _! claims h no sub/antiation 9 our receptivities6 ,illu/ration3 ,,un ,,diman*e ,a ,,la ,,gr&e-,,jatte by ,,seurat ,seurat1 ! f\nd]1 0 ! only g5u9ely arti/ic man ( ! movem5t1 & an e>ly dea? d5i$ him 8 *ance to develop4 ,?\gh s$uc$ by too exact+ a process1 he has nev]!less giv5 u "s s5sitive & delicately beautiful canvases4 ,le ,*ahut1 ,le ,cirque & ,un ,diman*e a la ,gr&e-,jatte are saturat$ ) light1 & 9 !m is an und5iable ord] ( p>allel l9es4 ,8 col\rs 7 nev] z h>% & acid z ^? ( 8 confr]es1 & 8 pictures h a blond tonality :i* ! o!r m5 ( ! movem5t entirely lack4 ,8 crayon draw+s1 f ! /&po9t ( tonal exp]im5tation1 are int]e/+ & seem almo/ l pa9t+s4 ,he _h a great tal5t1 & _h he liv$ we might h expect$ great ?+s f x4 ,he 0 m vitally int]e/$ 9 /yle ?an 9 te*nical me?ods1 & 9 8 conclusions /emm$ directly f ,delacroix4 ,8 spott+s 7 mu* small] & m effective ?an ^? ( ! o!r ,po9tilli/s4 ,8 desire 0 to express an idea ?r\gh ! m$ium ( nature1 n to copy nature 9 ord] to relate ! s5sation x gave ! arti/4 ,8 pa9t+ 0 syn!tic4 ,all details & accid5ts ( col\r & silh\ette he set aside z useless4 ,8 is an art ( p>allels & analogies1 ( s5sitivity & analysis2 9 fact1 x has all ^? qualities :i*1 7 !y pres5t 9 great] /r5g?1 w\ld produce significant pictures4 ,he 0 ( "o piece2 & 8 developm5t1 once he _h begun to pa9t1 0 an ev5 "o t[>d a def9ite goal4 ,9 him1 alone ( ! memb]s ( ! gr\p1 we f9d an arti/ & n an illu/rator4 ,^? :o lik5 him to ,aubrey ,be>dsley h less reason = _! comp>ison ?an ! ones :o see p>allels betwe5 ,ga9sbor\gh & ,r5oir4 ,comp>e ! quot$ rem>ks ( ,seurat conc]n+ tone1 l9e & col\r ) ,signac's summ+ up ( 8 me?od1 & ! temp]am5tal diff]5ces betwe5 ! arti/ & ! sci5ti/ w at once be se54 ,signac says 8 me?od is obs]vation ( ! laws ( col\r1 ! exclusive use ( pure t9ts1 ! r5unciation ( all att5uat$ mix+s1 & ! me?odical equilibrium ( elem5ts4 ,"o ( ! mo/ not$ foll[]s ( ! ,neo-,impressioni/ic me?ods 0 ! ,holl&]1 ,v9c5t van ,gogh4 ,al?\gh g5]ally consid]$ 9 critical essays z an unrelat$ ph5om5on 9 ! art heav5s1 he is closely alli$ to ,signac & to ,delacroix ?r\gh ,seurat4 ,he adopt$ pa9t+1 "o is incl9$ to believe1 because 8 v]bal eloqu5ce 0 inadequate to br+ ! ,belgian m9]s to rep5tance4 ,he _h /udi$ = ! m9i/ry1 b l mo/ m5 :o1 f9d+ !mselves /rictly limit$ 9 "o vocation1 essay ano!r1 he f\nd himself equally limit$ 9 8 second4 ,he drift$ back to ,holl& & began to /udy pa9t+ 9 ! /udio ( ,mauve1 a relative ( 8 by m>riage4 ,8 ard5t1 ev5 flamboyant1 desire to d good to ev]yone :o cross$ 8 pa? ne$$ an outlet1 & he f\nd an emotional sub/itute = pamphlete]+ 9 ! physical & m5tal ex]tion ( pa9t+4 ,9 ?is "w he c\ld prea* un*eck$1 secure f arre/4 ,he lov$ ,millet because ,millet lov$ ! d[n-trodd54 ,he lov$ ,delacroix because ( t arti/'s dramatic inspiration4 ,he lov$ ,daumi] because he imag9$ he saw 9 ,daumi] a satire on ! bea/ 9 man4 ,he lov$ ,monticelli because 9 t ,prov5cal he s5s$ a wild gypsy m9d & a k9dr$ unre/ra9t 9 ! use ( col\r4 ,& he lov$ ,diaz because ,diaz 0 a poetic woodman4 ,be=e com+ to ,p>is ,van ,gogh _h /udi$ 9 ! ,antw]p ,academy1 & :ile 9 ! ,fr5* capital he met & 0 influ5c$ by ,piss>ro4 ,"h he also became acqua9t$ ) ,b]n>d & ,gaugu91 adopt+ ! ,divisioni/ic me?ods f ,seurat4 ,he us$ only pure col\rs on 8 palette & mix$ !m only ) :ite & black4 ,lat] he w5t to ,arles :]e 9 two ye>s1 f #ahhg & #ahhi1 he pa9t$ ! great bulk ( 8 "w1 av]ag+ f\r canvases a week ?r\gh sickness1 dr9k1 insanity & disease4 ,9 him we h a p]fect example ( j h[ little c be done ) pure en?usiasm unorganis$ by intellectual processes4 ,8 pictures display an entire lack ( ord]1 :e!r x be ( col\r1 l9e or silh\ette3 !re 0 nev] any =m 9 !m4 ,8 "w is pla9ly ! lab\r ( ! fanatic :o1 9 a fury ( p5t-up desire to express himself1 sudd5ly seizes a palette & bru% & applies col\rs almo/ at r&om4 ,inde$1 "s ( 8 pictures 7 complet$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,ev5 _m ( ^? 9 :i* ! symbology _h to be ?\ght out at l5g?1 7 pa9t$ 9 an h\r4 ,t ,van ,gogh 0 an illu/rator is und5iable2 b he 0 an illu/rator ( ! ab/ract grop+s ( an unbalanc$ m9d avid = dramatic emotions1 r ?an ( ext]ior nature4 ,8 l&scapes seem to port5d ! calm be=e "s great upheaval1 or to express a sup]natural en]gy pois$ = an act ( total annihilation4 ,9 !m !re are fr5zi$ l9es runn+ zigzag & at r&om1 & roll+ cl\ds ( purple & lurid yell[ hang+ ov] rauc\sly bright ro(s4 ,8 portraits rema9 ) u z memories ( a fev]i% nightm>e4 ,!y are too holl[ & immat]ial to appe> ev5 z a depiction ( =m4 ,8 col\rs c>ri$ out ?is feel+ ( dramatic t]ror1 & because !y 7 n h>monis$ ) ei!r l9e or tone1 !y became all ! m *aotic4 ,he nev] kept to ! spots t ,signac & ,seurat _h giv5 him4 ,8 impati5ce 0 too great2 ! fire burn$ too furi\sly4 ,he elongat$ !m into /rips l /raw1 & !y give 8 "w ! appe>ance ( hay/acks4 ,he cov]$ ) "o /roke m space ?an ,seurat cov]$ ) tw5ty /rokes4 ,?is has be5 call$ 8 own apport to art4 ,9 ,gaugu91 h[ev]1 ! same /roke is us$1 n s heavily load$ ) pure col\r1 to be sure1 b j z long4 ,b 9 ,gaugu9 ! /rokes are less noticeable because !y all h an analog\s direction4 ,) ,van ,gogh !y ru% wildly ab\t1 n[ "o way1 n[ ano!r1 sometimes cov]+ ! canvas entirely1 sometimes sep>at$ to let ! :ite %[ ?r\gh4 ,?is sep>at+ 0 n done = ! same reasons z 9 ,signac1 b because ,van ,gogh's impati5ce 0 too great to p]mit him to g back & cov]4 ,8 figures are outl9$ 9 broad black or col\r$ l9es1 & col\rs are juxtapos$ ) _! complem5t>ies4 ,9 a ,portrait d',homme1 done 9 #ahhi1 ! backgr\nd is laid 9 ) a bright gre5 ov] :i* are sup]impos$ polka-dots ( pure v]milion surr\nd$ by a d>k] gre51 ! :ole /rip$ ) yell[ & light v]milion fl\ri%es4 ,on ?is is a yell[i% face ^: pompad\r hair is made ( black1 v]milion & light violet4 ,! coll> is light gre51 r$ & blue2 ! /rip$ cravat1 r$ & :ite2 ! coat1 violet & gre52 ! %irt1 pure gre5 outl9$ 9 pure lake1 ) orange buttons on x2 & ! picture's inscription--,v9c5t1 ,arles1 '#hi--;is sign$ 9 v]milion4 ,9 ?is pa9t+ is evid5c$ 8 impetu\s me?od4 ,he seem$ to feel t ! great] ! ex]tion1 ! great] ! relief f t repress$ passion :i* egg$ him on to action4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,de ,l',,arti/e by ,,van ,,gogh ,l&scapes he lik$1 & he took pleasure 9 do+ copies ( o!r m54 ,9 su* works !re 0 no h>d & set reality to foll[ z 9 /ill-lives & portraiture4 ,"h ! col\r c\ld be spla%$ on almo/ haphaz>dly4 ,he himself said t /ill-life 0 a relaxation4 ,he felt ?is because to pa9t /ill-life 8 en?usiasm 0 re/rict$4 ,any?+ s]v$ = a subject--an old boot1 a s+le vase1 a c(fee-pot4 ,"o imag9es he toss$ ^! models onto a table f ! opposite side ( ! room1 & pa9t$ !m 9 :atev] position !y fell4 ,9 ?is c>elessness ! public sees inspiration4 ,& inde$ 8 canvases 7 inspir$1 b only 9 ! same way a />v+ man is inspir$ to ?r[ himself ^u a sumptu\s meal4 ,he pa9t$ because he 0 =c$ to1 & :5 pa9t+ is m]ely a physical necessity indulg$ 9 to express an unord]$ religi\s mania1 x ceases to int]e/ ! ae/hetician :o se>*es = a complete cosmos bodi$ =? 9 subjective =m4 ,z a decorator ,van ,gogh is too turbul5t & =w>d2 z a pa9t] ( easel pictures he is too *aotic & un9telligible2 b z a bla/ ( misdirect$ en?usiasm he is n )\t p[]4 ,8 symbolism1 :ile n be+ ( ! v>iety :i* pres5ts ,grecian figures z ab/ract virtues1 is nev]!less ( ! same ord]4 ,he tells u t 9 pa9t+ a "y man he lov$1 he w\ld make ! head a gold5 yell[ & orange1 & ! backgr\nd a ri* & int5se blue1 z well z transcrib+ ! physical lik5ess to epitomise 8 love4 ,?us depict$ ! "y man w\ld be l a bright /> 9 ! b\ndless inf9ite tak+ on a my/]i\s importance4 ,aga9 he writes3 ,_h ,i _h ! /r5g? to cont9ue1 ,i w\ld h done sa9ts & holy wom5 f nature1 :o w\ld h seem$ to belong to ano!r age4 ,!y w\ld h be5 ! b\rgeois ( ! pres5t1 hav+ _m p>allels ) ! old primitive ,*ri/ians4 ,we see :at he 0 aft]4 ,van ,gogh possess$ all ! mod]n sociali/ic ideals4 ,he held t individuals c\ld d no?+ alone1 b %\ld "w 9 communities1 "o do+ ! col\r1 "o ! draw+1 ano!r ! composition1 etc4 ,9 8 desire = ?is democratic art factory is se5 8 abs5ce ( self-confid5ce4 ,x is n /range :5 we consid] 8 adh]5ce all 8 life to s *ildi% a te*nical programme z ,divisionism4 ,?is adh]5ce m>k$ ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 him & ,gaugu94 ,! latt] dete/$ ! ,divisioni/ic me?od4 ,he want$ to adapt nature's col\r & effect to decoration1 :ile ,van ,gogh want$ to make only ab/ract dramatic tape/ries4 ,!y bo? succe$$2 & ?\gh ! canvases ( ,gaugu9 h ! peaceful utilit>ian de/9y ( int]ior decoration await+ !m1 ,van ,gogh's "w1 once we are rid ( ! mod]n habit ( welcom+ all disorganis$ & purely en?usia/ic "w z pr(\nd1 w be laid aside =ev]4 ,he 0 psy*iatric & exp5d$ ! great] "p ( 8 fev]i% en]gy ?r\gh ! *annel ( pa9t+4 ,b he did little m ?an use a borr[$ & inh>moni\s palette to express ideas :olly outside ! realm ( art4 ,,viii ,,gaugu9 ,,& ,,! ,,pont-,,av5 ,,s*ool ,! descriptive 9 art has always s$uc$ ! eye ( ! sup]ficial majority4 ,f ?is accid5tal & nugatory side ( pa9t+ ! public has d]iv$ all its enjoym5t4 ,! mom5t a depict$ object is recognis$1 ! g5]al pleasure 9 ! arts increases2 & ! mom5t ! accept$ vision ( ! object is modifi$ or di/ort$1 ?is pleasure decreases & 9 _m in/ances ceases altoge!r4 ,"o s*ool :i* deals ) a c]ta9 class ( subjects has its own admir]s2 :ile ano!r s*ool :i* treats ( dissimil> subjects has a diff]5t foll[+4 ,fur!rmore1 ! mann] 9 :i* subjects are portray$--reali/ically or impressionably1 poetically or prosaically--has its individual adh]5ts4 ,p]sons ^: temp]am5tal ta/es make !m antipodal to "o me?od ( transcription become en?usia/ic ov] ano!r1 irrespective ( ! fact t ! ae/hetic m]its ( ! diff]5t proc$ures are equal4 ,^? ^: crit]ion is prett9ess are naturally attract$ to ,:i/l]ian & ,cubi/ic modes4 ,ideali/s lean t[>d ! symbolic & transc5d5tal pa9t]s l ,van ,gogh & ,r$on4 ,h>dy p]sons :o live l>gely on ! physical plane pref] ,rib]a1 ,franz ,hals1 ,sorolla or ,du]]4 ,simple s5suali/s admire ,goya1 ,rub5s1 ,bronz9o1 ! erotic pr9ts ( ! ,japanese1 or ! pictures ( ! ,little ,dut*m54 ,biblical /ud5ts *oose ! primitives or ! pa9t]s ( religi\s subjects4 ,ar*itects l ,gu>di1 ,g5tile ,bell9i & ,canaletto4 ,p]sonal ta/es 9 life dictate ta/es 9 art2 ! reason "s h a wid] ta/e ?an o!rs is because _! int]e/s are l>g]4 ,! av]age p]son =ms 8 art atta*m5ts 9 ! same way he *ooses fri5ds4 ,= ?is reason _m art lov]s are passionately attract$ to ,gaugu91 :ile o!rs1 obsess$ ) ! !ories ( mod]nity1 are imp]vi\s to ! inh]5t appeal he inconte/ably possesses4 ,! ,impressioni/s 7 enam\r$ ( nature4 ,_! pictures h an almo/ human physiognomy & are ?or\ghly joy\s4 ,9 !m "o s5ses ! ab/ract love ( beautiful c\ntry-sides1 blue di/ances & sc9tillat+ lights4 ,!y ar\se an emotion 9 ! popul> m9d because ( ! famili>ity ( _! !mes4 ,gaugu9 0 n cont5t ) ! l&scapes ( civilisation4 ,he want$ some?+ m elem5tal--sc5es :]e an unspoilt & untam$ nature gave bir? to a race ( simple & col\rful "*4 ,he felt ! ne$ ( h>monis+ 8 p ) _! milieu4 ,to him x seem$ inconsi/5t to place a fully dress$ man or woman 9 a primitive =e/ or on ! banks ( a turbul5t /ream innoc5t ( comm]cial traffic4 ,!re 0 a positive immode/y 9 comb9+ a puny figure1 ^: body 0 too di/ort$ by "w to %[ itself unclo!d1 ) ! maje/ic nak$ness ( a primeval l&scape4 ,millet's peasants 9 pl[$ fields & ,raffaelli's clo!d figures 9 busy /reets 7 n incongru\s2 b 9 mo/ ( ! l&scapes ( ,gaugu9's day cultivat$ mod]ns /alk$ :]e ,corot _h once put nymphs & ,titian1 ,antiopes4 ,gaugu9's s5se ( h>mony 9 idea preclud$ any su* irrelevancies & ana*ronisms4 ,8 pa9t+ 0 p]haps ! highe/ & mo/ consi/5t type ( illu/ration ! _w has produc$4 ,judg$ f ?is /&po9t1 on :i* x 0 bas$ consci\sly1 8 art 0 complete4 ,& inasmu* z he did n /rive = pr(\nd] ?+s1 x is f ?is /&po9t t he mu/ be approa*$4 ,:at impetus he gave to art came out ( 8 desire to view nature simply1 l a *ild1 at ! same "t equipp$ ) all ! weapons ( a mod]n intellig5ce4 ,8 art consequ5tly has n only ! int]e/ ( hi/oric recon/ruction b an add$ int]e/ :i*1 9 spite ( our v5e] ( cultivation & education1 we all feel at times = p]fect lassitude & elem5tal unre/ra9t4 ,no man is s intellectual t he _c enjoy occasional recreation & a =getfulness ( m5tal activities4 ,inde$ ! greate/ m9ds react s completely at times t !y dem& ! crude/ /imulants--melodrama1 wild ,arabian *ants1 romance & physical intoxication4 ,gaugu91 appe>+ 9 ! mid/ ( gigantic & epo*-mak+ ae/hetic endeav\rs1 embodi$ ?is _s ( reaction4 ,x 0 a grave & s]i\s _w 9 :i* he f\nd himself--! _w ( ,cezanne1 ,impressionism & ,neo-,impressionism4 ,8 nature 0 too timid & simple = him to ?r[ himself into ! :irlpool4 ,in/9ctively he s\ght a hav5 f> remov$ f ! /rife ab\t him4 ,9 ! contemplation ( ! canvases ( ?is mod]n savage we ent] t side ( ! broad field ( ae/hetics :]e ! :ole _w c escape1 z = a holiday1 f ! /ress ( intellectual rese>*1 !re to enjoy art simply & receptively1 z "o enjoys a dream ( /range l&s4 ,9 ,gaugu9 !re is a p[] :i* impels our int]e/1 hunts out our in/9ct = ! exotic & calls to ! =e a romantic love ( adv5ture & a desire = f> c\ntries4 ,9 ?is appeal no o!r pa9t+ succe$s l 8--n ev5 ! ,p]sian l&scapes1 ! ,*9ese pictorial visions ( heav51 or ! lurid images ( ,gu/ave ,moreau4 ,9 ,gaugu9's ,s\? ,sea ,isl& canvases are cry/allis$ our hopes = a ,utopian peace1 our vague memories ( an untramell$ prehi/oric age4 ,calm & sunlight1 ! sea & wild m\nta9s--all are "h4 ,& we f9d ourselves amid a peaceful1 music-lov+ & simple p :o1 we imag9e1 w\ld welcome ! tir$ travell] & ga!r r\nd him ) (f]+s ( fruit & fl[]s z he l&s on _! gold5 bea*4 ,gaugu9 is purely an image-mak]4 ,s ab/ract a pa9t] is he t 8 pictures are m]ely ! po9t ( dep>ture f :i* our ?\ghts leap into an unlimit$ _w ( pleasurable visualis+4 ,!y move u emotionally1 ev5 m5tally1 b nev] ae/hetically4 ,we feel be=e !m exactly :at we feel :5 read+ t extraord9>y & unique book ( 81 ,noa ,noa4 ,inde$ he 0 m lit]>y ?an arti/ic1 & to appreciate him fully "o %\ld read fir/ 8 biography writt5 by ,jean de ,roton*amp1--!n ,noa ,noa4 ,aft] t 8 pictures w take on a new mean+4 ,he makes 8 dreams s =ceful t we too />t to dream be=e !m4 ,8 art is ( ! same calibre z t ( ,alti*i]o1 ,mi*el9o da ,bosozzo1 ,ortolano1 ! ,borassa s*ool1 ,manet & ,degas4 ,all ^! m5 are illu/rators ( a high ord]2 all are impell$ by ! complete s9c]ity ( _! visions2 & all are int]e/+ because ( _! fre$om ( expression4 ,x is a new adv5ture ea* "t we see "o ( _! works1 = adv5ture is m]ely contact ) ! unexpect$4 ,9 ,gaugu9 ?is imprevu is n re/rict$ to unconv5tionality ( balance & ! extraord9>y arrangem5t ( objects2 b expresses itself 9 ! actual subject-matt] z well4 ,8 savages1 ready to kill or love ) equal unconc]n1 br+ up to u our *ildhood en?usiasms = ! tales ( ,swift1 ,defoe & ,pi]re ,loti4 ,8 pictures epitomise ! call ( ! natural1 ! delight 9 p]fect fre$om1 ! ideal ( an unclo!d age4 ,b ?\gh 8 "w is calm & outside ! _w ( /rife & endeav\r1 8 life 0 turbul5t1 & tortur$ by reit]at$ disappo9tm5ts4 ,t[>d ! end he wrote to a fri5d t he fell ov]-(t51 & arose only to fall aga94 ,z ) ! sailor new horizons ev] /ret*$ be=e him1 & _! promise ( bett] ?+s 0 nev] consummat$4 ,8 en]gy 0 dra9$ by a cont9ual /ruggle aga9/ ! =ces ( civilisation j z ! sailor's is weak5$ by unceas+ battles aga9/ ! elem5ts4 ,! spot :]e at la/ he f\nd refuge 0 f> f 8 ideal4 ,b 9 ?is ideal _w he always imag9$ himself liv+1 & 8 pa9t+ took on its col\r & atmosph]e4 ,j z he advis$ 8 foll[]s to draw a curta9 9 front ( _! models1 s he drew ! veil ( imag9ation be=e 8 eyes & saw only :at he wi%$ to see4 ,9 ?is almo/ fanatic idealism he 0 und\bt$ly actuat$ by fe> ( life's gross realities1 = he 0 n cont5t m]ely to live ap>t3 he 0 =ev] attempt+ to ameliorate ! try+ conditions :i* arose f ,fr5* misrule 9 ! ,m>quesas4 ,= 8 pa9s he 0 condemn$ to gaol & lat] 0 made an outca/4 ,?is friction ) ! e/abli%$ ord]1 h[ev]1 _h to d only ) ,gaugu9 ! man4 ,gaugu9 ! arti/ rema9$ to ! end a cont5t$ & passionate dream]4 ,to und]/& 8 art & its actuat+ impulses x is necess>y to "k some?+ ( 8 col\rful & adv5turesome life4 ,( all mod]n pa9t]s1 he1 m ?an any o!r1 0 reflect$ 9 8 "w4 ,z a y\? he _h gone to sea & s]v$ a six-ye> appr5tice%ip be=e ! ma/4 ,he next became a successful bank] & to all outw>d appe>ances 0 satisfi$ ) ! /atus ( a weal?y citiz54 ,b all ! "t ! love ( *ange & ! no/algia = /range l&s 7 at "w )9 him1 & ?\gh sp5d+ six days a week 9 an (fice he pa9t$ e ,sunday4 ,x 0 ,piss>ro1 admir$ by ,gaugu9 f ! fir/1 :o p]suad$ him to =ego ev]y?+ save 8 art4 ,?is he did 9 #ahhc4 ,f t "t on he became a d]elict :o _h to seek support f 8 fri5ds4 ,al?\gh at times he 0 =c$ to "w 9 (fices1 edit pap]s & gr[ fruit1 ! donations f ^? he knew 7 ! backbone ( 8 res\rces4 ,he _h met ,van ,gogh 9 ,p>is 9 #ahhf1 & two ye>s lat] accept$ ! latt]'s invitation to visit him on ! b\nty ( ,van ,gogh's bro!r ,!odore at ,arles 9 ! s\? ( ,france4 ,"h1 :]e he _h expect$ to f9d conditions conducive to "w1 8 life 01 accord+ to 8 own acc\nts1 9 con/ant dang]4 ,! ,dut*man1 he says1 attack$ him (t51 & sometimes ,gaugu91 awak+ ) a />t1 w\ld see ,van ,gogh /eal+ across ! room to him ) a knife4 ,su* a life 0 impossible1 & aft] a regrettable incid5t 9 :i* he 0 blam$ = ! amputation ( ,van ,gogh's e>1 he return$ to ,p>is4 ,! ye> be=e ?is he _h made a %ort trip to ,m>t9ique1 & :ile 9 ,europe _h liv$ at ,p\ldu1 ,cop5hag51 ,r\51 ,pont-,av51 ,conc>neau & ,p>is4 ,aga9 he w5t to ,brittany4 ,he want$ quiet & 0 ev] ill at ease among ! sup]ficialities ( a hypocritical civilisation4 ,b !re1 :ile protect+ a negress1 he 0 attack$ by "s sailors1 & 8 injuries =c$ him to return once m to ,p>is4 ,! negress _h prec$$ him1 & :5 he arriv$ he discov]$ t %e _h robb$ him ( 8 entire /udio equipm5t4 ,at ?is "t1 ,v]la9e1 ,moreas1 ,auri]1 ,juli5 ,lecl]c & ,/u>t ,m]ril1 :o call$ !mselves ! symboli/ poets1 saw 9 him a comrade4 ,9 #ahia !y gave a b5efit p]=mance 9 ! ,vaudeville = him & ,v]la9e4 ,maet]l9ck's ,l',intruse 0 /ag$ = ! fir/ "t1 & ,gaugu9's %>e ( ! proce$s 0 en\gh to pay 8 passage to 8 long$-= tropics4 ,two ye>s lat] f\nd him back aga9 ) _m canvases & a /range & grotesque co/ume1 heavy r+s on e f+]1 wood5 %oes & a cane ( 8 own c>v+4 ,he 0 impati5t = praise & admiration & l>ge sales2 b none ( ^! came to him4 ,at a sale ( 8 "w 9 ! ,hotel ,dr\ot 9 #ahie s small a sum 0 realis$ t 8 fri5ds aga9 took pity on him1 & ,c>ri]e secur$ him a *eap passage back to 8 belov$ isl&s4 ,8 adv5tures 9 ! tropics make poetic & romantic read+4 ,8 premature dea?1 at :i* only "o old cannibal 0 pres5t1 0 a fitt+ climax to a life giv5 ov] to a hopeless se>* = ! ideal4 ,:ile /ill 9 a bank]'s (fice1 & be=e he _h met ,piss>ro1 ,gaugu9 _h pa9t$ z an amateur2 & z e>ly z #ahgc he _h expos$ a l&scape4 ,b :5 he became p]sonally acqua9t$ ) ,piss>ro1 :o _h a way ( inflam+ ! m9ds ( ! y\ng] & naturally revolution>y m5 ( 8 day1 8 impulses t[>d art became ov]p[]+4 ,8 e>ly tra9+ "u ?is viol5t h]etic 0 s ?or\gh t he nev] made a concession to ! public or retrogress$ t[>d s*ola/ic =mulas4 ,be+ a born pa9t]1 he quickly absorb$ ! ideas ( ! ,impressioni/s1 & expos$ ) !m 9 ! ,rue des ,pyramides 9 #ahhj & #ahha4 ,8 fir/ canvases 7 :olly ,impressioni/ic & mu* l ,guillaum9's4 ,ev5 z late z #ahhg1 aft] he _h kn[n ,cezanne & _h become imbu$ ) ! blaz+ brilliancy ( ,m>t9ique1 ,gaugu9 /ill clung to 8 e>li] te*nique4 ,8 ,paysage de la ,m>t9ique is "o ( 8 be/-ord]$ works & also "o ( 8 mo/ flu5t4 ,h[ev]1 he _h become dissatisfi$ ) ,impressioni/ precepts & _h gone to ,brittany to get clos] to a m natural p1 to a crud] & m rugg$ l&scape4 ,!re he _h se5 & admir$ ! ,go?ic /atues1 ! simplicity ( :i* appeal$ to him int5sely4 ,on 8 return f ! ,s\? ,seas ^! /atues1 direct1 /iff & ar*aic1 comb9$ ) 8 late vision ( sc9tillant light & hot1 lusci\s col\r1 became active influ5ces 9 8 "w4 ,gaugu9 _h a consid]able am\nt ( ,p]uvian ,indian blood 9 him1 & 8 desire = ! ,s\? 0 n a sup]ficial "o4 ,r 0 x an atavi/ic necessity = ! wild t made him intol]ant ( cities & culture & highly complex modes ( liv+4 ,?is same in/9ct1 manife/+ itself ?r\gh 8 art1 drove him t[>d a simple & direct /atem5t ( a vision1 t[>d an unre/ra9t :i* no civilis$ community w\ld p]mit him4 ,he want$ some?+ naive--some?+ express$ by broad planes & ri* col\rs4 ,he _h imitat$ ! ,impressioni/s1 copi$ ,manet's ,olympia & se5 ,giottos2 & by r$uc+ ^! v>i$ influ5ces to _! simple/ t]ms he made 8 art4 ,emile ,b]n>d1 an indiff]5t pa9t] & writ]1 :o temp]am5tally 0 n unlike ,gaugu91 claims priority = ?is mann] ( pa9t+2 b ev5 if x 7 true1 x w\ld mean no?+4 ,gaugu9's canvases ( #ahhh give und5iable promise ( :at he w\ld ev5tually d1 & 9 #ahhi 8 ,jeunes ,bretonnes fully reveals ! tr5d ( all 8 lat] endeav\rs4 ,b]n>d 0 at be/ b a clev] imitator1 & 8 canvases 9 ,gaugu9's /yle appe> inf]ior & sup]ficial :5 comp>$ ) su* pieces z ,tahiti5nes & ,rup]upe4 ,! ,impressioni/s w5t t[>d descriptive beauty1 b ,gaugu9 se>*$ = & f\nd an emotional int]pretation ( nature adapt$ to l>ge decoration4 ,x is problematical :e!r or n he is arti/ically indebt$ to ,van ,gogh1 = "o c attribute ! fact t he pa9t$ 8 be/ ,european pictures imm$iately aft] 8 return f ,arles ei!r to ,van ,gogh's tea*+s or to ! effects ( s\!rn col\r & atmosph]e4 ,! "q ?\gh is ( little importance4 ,e man1 no matt] h[ great or small1 goes ?r\gh a =mative p]iod 9 :i* he receives num]\s influ5ces4 ,at any rate1 j be=e ,van ,gogh di$ he call$ ,gaugu9 maitre4 ,dur+ _! f9al p]iods1 h[ev]1 we "k t ! two m5 diff]$ totally2 & 9 #ahia ,gaugu9 %[$ t he 0 "u no man's influ5ce4 ,9 ! ,femmes ,assises a l',ombre des ,palmi]s & ,vaira\mati ,tei ,oa1 he 0 already ! ,gaugu9 we "k s well4 ,! fir/ is a sunlit l&scape ) ! hills & palm-trees broadly & flatly pa9t$4 ,! wom5 :o are seat$ 9 ! great pool ( cool %ade h all ! sagely *ildi% draw+ t we f9d lat] 9 8 m complete pictures4 ,9 ! second1 ! fl[]$ /uffs1 ! heavy limbs & ! p]p5dicul>ity ( design1 :i* appe> s frequ5tly lat] on1 are m ?an sugge/$2 & ! col\r has all ! beauty ( 8 be/ ef=ts4 ,x 0 aft] ,gaugu9's fir/ soj\rn to ! ,isl&s t he came back to ,france a b>b>ian1 eag] to /upefy ! _w ( arts n only by 8 pictures b by 8 v attire4 ,9 ?is he fail$4 ,! public _h b>ely recov]$ f its ,impressioni/ %ock1 & ,gaugu9 w5t to ,brittany4 ,"h he ga!r$ ab\t him _m ( ! pa9t]s he _h kn[n be=e1 z well z "s new ones1 & =m$ a gr\p ( "y m5 :o 7 ready to react aga9/ ! pett9ess ( ! ,neo-,impressioni/ic me?ods & to e/abli% a new art s*ool4 ,!y call$ !mselves ,syn!si/s1 aft]w>d ,cloisonni/s1 & "s ( !m lat] became ,classici/s4 ,"h =ga!r$ ,s]usi]1 ,maurice ,d5is1 ,filig]1 ,de ,hahn1 ,segu91 ,v]kade1 ,anquet91 ,laval1 ,l\is ,ray1 ,*amaill>d1 ,fau*e1 ,b]n>d & ,s*uff5eck]1 few ( :om are discov]able today4 ,among ^! pa9t]s ! slighte/ t5d5cy t[>d divisioni/ic me?ods 0 look$ ^u z h]esy2 & religi\s pictures 7 9 ! asc5dant1 especially ) ,v]kade4 ,! en?usiasm ( ^! "y m5 = _! simple & syn!tic retrogression to ! elem5tal l$ !m to decorate tav]n walls & ceil+s1 to pa9t w9d[s & b>n doors1 & to proclaim !mselves on all occasions z ! only au?oritative & vital arti/s ( ! day4 ,!y _h =gott5 ,r5oir & ,cezanne because !y dete/$ all intellectual & sci5tific accuracy4 ,& !y _h n kn[n ! latt] ) suffici5t intimacy to be directly influ5c$ by 8 "w4 ,"u ! sway ( ,gaugu9's unsophi/icat$ ae/hetics & ,b]n>d's rhetorical eloqu5ce !y w5t f> afield 9 _! se>* = a simple & elem5tal syn!sis4 ,zeal 0 n want+4 ,!y argu$1 c>\s$ & f\ght cont9ually4 ,?is la/ activity 0 ! cause ( ,gaugu9's lam5ess all ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,little or no?+ ( la/+ m]it came out ( ?is gr\p :i*1 ?\gh x mov$ f ,pont-,av5 to ,p\ldu1 has come to be kn[n z ! ,pont-,av5 ,s*ool4 ,mo/ ( its memb]s are dead or h be5 swall[$ up 9 ! comm]cial curr5ts ( today4 ,a few1 l ,b]n>d1 ,fau*e & ,s*uff5eck]1 are do+ indiff]5t art4 ,!y contribut$ no?+ to ! mod]n idea outside ( ! impetus !y gave to ! anti-academic _s4 ,!re 0 among !m m en?usiasm ?an tal5t1 m polemical en]gy ?an g5ius4 ,gaugu91 ?\gh he talk$ z l\dly z ! o!rs1 pa9t$ also4 ,at l5g? _! conv]sations lo/ _! novelty = him4 ,he felt once m ! call ( 8 ,isl&s4 ,he 0 /ill aft] an ideal1 a cong5ial sett+4 ,^! ?+s ,france c\ld n give him4 ,aga91 ! necessity ( accept+ *>ity f 8 fri5ds 0 too humiliat+ a trial = a nature s timid4 ,8 high-h&$ attitude 0 only a mask to hide 8 desire to %r9k away4 ,he 0 always uneasy 9 cities & unhappy among p :o did n try to und]/& him4 ,he dete/$ ! artificialities ( ,p>isian wom54 ,8 robu/ s5suality crav$ a m solid & artless ,eve4 ,9 ,france 8 nature1 s responsive to ! gl[ ( col\r & ! primitive lure ( ar*aic =ms1 saw only *ill t9ts & inutile complications4 ,to him ! ,s\? meant ! ri*ness & heat ( romantic emotions1 ! satiety ( ! s5ses4 ,x appeal$ to 8 deep love ( *aotic & untrammell$ nature4 ,he _h ta/$ x be=e 9 8 seaf>+1 & he turn$ to x n[ z to an only salvation4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t ,c>ri]e arrang$ ! passage4 ,gaugu9 0 nev] to see ,europe aga94 ,! ,impressioni/s _h made inf9itesimal spots ( col\r 9 ord] to imitate z exactly z possible ! col\r effect ( nature & to increase ! dynamic p[] ( a canvas by mak+ x give (f a light ( its own4 ,by ?is te*nique !y _h incorporat$ bo? air & sunlight into _! art4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s made ma!matical ! ,impressioni/s' haphaz>d /ippl+ & _h turn$ ! spots into almo/ symmetrical squ>es4 ,! squ>es 7 slightly sep>at$1 & ! b>e canvas 0 p]mitt$ to %[ betwe5 !m 9 ord] to a*ieve a great] brilliance & a m vivid light4 ,van ,gogh lat] elongat$ ^! squ>es into ?reads until 8 pictures resembl$ tape/ries4 ,!re 0 no long] ! te*nical unconc]n 9 pa9t+ :i* ,piss>ro & ,monet _h prescrib$4 ,p>adoxically en\gh1 :ile art 0 gr[+ m sci5tific x 0 also becom+ less significant4 ,) ! m5 ( ,pont-,av5 ! reaction aga9/ a too te*nically self-consci\s pa9t+ began to set 94 ,_! ard5t advocacy ( primitive conception & me?od 0 ! reb\nd f ! pseudo-sci5tific v]biage :i*1 9 ! advanc$ /udios1 took ! place ( good pa9t+4 ,consequ5tly !y fav\r$ ! broad arrangem5t ( surfaces2 classic1 if ! arti/ lean$ temp]am5tally 9 t direction2 b>b>ic1 if 8 ta/es s incl9$ him2 ,go?ic1 ,*9ese1 ,japanese or primitive--all accord+ to :i* 8 incl9ation l$ him4 ,b all "w _h to be complet$ dur+ ! fir/ fury ( inspiration1 conceiv$ imag9atively1 & execut$ f ! decorative /&po9t4 ,gaugu91 by 8 quick wit & y\?ful impetuosity1 easily dom9at$ ! circle & develop$1 ?r\gh ! con/ant int]*ange ( op9ions1 8 vague ideas conc]n+ a syn!tic art4 ,on 8 ?ird & la/ voyage to ! ,isl&s 8 greate/ "w 0 done4 ,"h he c>ri$ out ^? ideas :i* _h _h _! inception at ,arles & :i* _h become cry/allis$ at ,pont-,av54 ,he made 8 art entirely out ( col\r1 b in/ead ( pr(it+ by ! tea*+s ( ,daumi] & ,cezanne ^: visions 7 ! mo/ simultane\s 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 he *ose r to emulate ! e>ly & +5u\s s*ools ( pla/ic expression4 ,9 ?is 8 pa9t+ 0 retrogressive4 ,b !re 0 ano!r & m important side to ,gaugu94 ,he at lea/ /rove = a l>g] & m purely emotional int]pretation ( nature ?an _h be5 attempt$ be=e3 & our int]e/ 9 him is due l>gely to ! broad & peaceful vision he gives u4 ,monet put _m gre5s 9 "o tree4 ,gaugu9 saw ! tree z gre51 b by depict+ x 9 broad planes ( pure pigm5t1 he made x a m int5se gre5 ?an ,monet c\ld ev] h done4 ,a metre ( gre5 is gre5] ?an a c5timetre ( gre51 said ,gaugu92 & ?is pr9ciple he appli$ to all 8 "w4 ,in/ead ( portray+ light by col\r z ! ,impressioni/s did1 he int]e/$ himself only 9 ! col\r :i* result$ f light4 ,?us he 0 able to raise 8 pa9t+s to ! highe/ possible pit* ( purity1 :ile /ill be+ preoccupi$ ) nature4 ,9 pa9t+ a l&scape :]e a woman ) a c]ulean blue dress 0 seat$ among gre5 trees on an o*re bea* ) purple hills 9 ! re>1 & :]e ! yell[ sunlight %one on ! tree trunks & 9 ! woman's hair1 ,gaugu9 w\ld fir/ ( all draw ap>t ! blues z mu* z possible4 ,! woman's dress w\ld be pa9t$ almo/ blue-gre51 & 9 ord] to contra/ ?is col\r ) ! o!r blue 9 8 subject1 he w\ld pa9t ! sky blue-violet-violet4 ,?us he w\ld produce a great] range ( emotional col\r ?an if ! two blues _h be5 pale & simil> 9 t9t4 ,fur!rmore1 he w\ld make ! sunlight a yell[-orange-orange & ! s& a spectrum yell[4 ,! trees w\ld !n be record$ z yell[-gre5 & ! hills z r$-r$-purple4 ,by ?is process all ! p>ts ( ! picture 7 diff]5tiat$1 ) ! result t ! canvas _h a /rong c>ry+ p[]4 ,?is p[] 0 fur!r increas$ by ! figures be+ %>ply outl9$4 ,gaugu9's composition has little importance4 ,x takes ! =m ( p]p5dicul>ities1 & r>ely is any rhy?mic ord] disc]nible4 ,x is ( a piece ) ! ,romanesque pa9t+ 9 ,sa9t-,sav9 ne> ,poiti]s4 ,all 8 objects are p]sonifications ( calm1 & are root$ 9 _! environm5t z well z 9 ! e>?4 ,!y d n seem m]ely to pose !re3 ,gaugu9's "w is n sup]ficial to ?is ext5t1--b !y gr[ naturally out ( _! matrix l fl[]s or trees1 unconsci\s b immovable4 ,! passivity :i* p]vades !m is n ! calm ( completion or ( ! p]fect re/ :i* comes aft] m5tal ex]cise1 b r ! calm ( ! le?>gic m9d :i* avoids ?\ght1 dislikes action & is cont5t to dream4 ,te*nically ?is feel+ is caus$ by l9es at "r angles to ! horizon1 by big simple planes on :i* ! eye c re/ free f ! di/urbance ( l9e opposition1 by l>ge flat patt]ns ( d>k tonality conducive to peace & introspection4 ,ev5 ! cont\r$ volumes h a great] ext5t ( base ?an ( apex & ?us add to ! picture's aspect ( immobility4 ,gaugu9's draw+ is int]e/+ 9 t x portrays a race highly susceptible ( picturisation4 ,8 models are impell+ because x is an adv5ture to explore _! p>ts1 _! jo9ts1 _! di/ortions & disproportions4 ,_! beauty is heavy & cumb]some1 l t ( ! /one images ( ! ,aztecs4 ,t :i* int]e/s u mo/ 9 ,gaugu9 h[ev] is 8 col\r4 ,9 ?is m$ium he arriv$ at a sumptu\sness unsurpass$ by prec$+ pa9t]s4 ,8 art 0 a new application ( ! old pr9ciple ( wall decoration4 ,_m _h made use ( broad planes ( col\r be=e 8 adv5t1 b none _h height5$ ! significance ( ^! planes suffici5tly to express nature4 ,he 0 ! fir/ reali/ 9 decoration1 & f him come1 by direct desc5t1 ,matisse & a horde ( less] m5 l ,fritz ,erl]1 ,leo ,putz1 ,r4 ,m4 ,ei*l]1 ,adolf ,mu5z]1 ,rodolphe ,=n]od1 ,alcide ,le ,beau & ,gu/ave ,jaulmes4 ,! ae/hetic import ( a ,puvis de ,*avannes is almo/ equal to t ( ,gaugu91 b ! =m]'s greys & grey-blues appe> wa%$-out & dead1 :ile ,gaugu9's pictures vibrate ) ! heat ( tropical sunlight & ! ri*ness ( tropical col\r4 ,gaugu91 h[ev]1 c\ld get no ord]s4 ,8 "w 0 too s5su\s4 ,int]ior decoration w\ld h _h to be f> m joy\s ?an x 0 at t "t = 8 exotic creations to f9d a place on walls & ceil+s4 ,gaugu9's animat+ desire 0 to syn!sise 8 picture--to make ea* "p ( !m relative to all ! o!r p>ts1 to ord] !m z to col\r1 l9e & tone 9 su* a way t !y w\ld give =? ! impression ( a simple vision1 a p]fect ensemble4 ,?is desire 0 9 ! air ( ! day4 ,! ,impressioni/s _h unconsci\sly approa*$ syn!sis by us+ light & air z a solv5t4 ,cezanne _h gone mu* deep] & ord]$ =m by means ( col\r4 ,9 ,seurat ,gaugu9 saw almo/ completely set =? an expression :i* by its simplicity satisfi$ him4 ,"s ass]t t he 0 also influ5c$ by ,degas4 ,b :e!r ?is is s or n1 c]ta9 x is t !re is m ( ,+res 9 him ?an ( ,giotto4 ,) ,seurat z a />t+-po9t--t is1 ! l9e> ,seurat ( ,la ,baignade & ,un ,diman*e a la ,gr&e-,jatte--,gaugu9 quickly aboli%$ ! t9y & lab\ri\s spott+ :i* ,impressionism & ,po9tillism _h taught him1 & bran*$ out into simpl] design & great] *romatic brilliancy4 ,by ^! dep>tures he a*iev$ 8 syn!sis4 ,b ?is triumph mu/ n be ov]e/imat$4 ,!re are degrees ( syn!sis4 ,rub5s1 ,giotto1 ,degas1 ,+res1 ,boeckl91 ,botticelli--all are syn!tic1 b all are by no means ( equal importance4 ,:ile syn!sis is necess>y to art1 x is n ! e>-m>k ( great art alone4 ,! ord] :i* is obta9$ by ?ree h>moni\s l9es is n s ext5d$ an ord] z t f\nd 9 ! multil9e> draw+s ( ,pollaiuolo3 & ?is complication ( ae/hetic ordonnance is :at makes a ,donatello m significant ?an a piece ( negro sculpture1 a ,sc>sell9o great] ?an a ,matisse1 & an ,el ,greco m puissant ?an a ,mazzola-,b$oli4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 ?is complete surface ord] ext5ds itself into ?ree dim5sions x becomes an inf9itely great] mov+ p[]4 ,:5 f simple /raight l9es on a flat surface ! arti/ c>ries 8 creation into opposition1 developm5t & f9ality1 he is pu%+ ! fronti]s ( 8 pa9t+ to art's extreme limits4 ,gaugu9's temp]am5t 0 simple 9 ! extreme4 ,he _h fall5 "u ! sway ( ,manet3 he _h gone to a rugg$ c\ntry ( primitive in/9cts :]e s+ul> co/umes 7 a "p ( ! l&scape3 he _h /udi$ ! /one & wood5 figures 9 ! old *ur*es & cross-roads ( ,brittany1 & _h f\nd ! elem5tal to 8 lik+4 ,consequ5tly 9 syn!sis+ 8 art he us$ simple =ms1 /raight l9es & l>ge planes ( %ad[ & light1 all ( :i* 7 pres5t$ on a flat surface1 s t all ! p>allelisms & elem5t>y curves ( ! picture w\ld deliv] !mselves to ! av]age spectator at fir/ glance4 ,8 me?od ( fill+ or balanc+ a canvas 0 little m ?an primitive1 & ! curv$ l9es ( light & %ad[1 :i* are int5d$ to entice ! eye1 are s isolat$ t :5 we at l5g? arrive at _! end we discov] !y are )\t rhy?mic int5tion4 ,nor is !re a g5]at+ l9e out ( :i* ! o!rs gr[4 ,gaugu9's l9e> h>mony is no great]1 if a trifle m div]se1 ?an 9 ! ,byzant9e mosaic decorations 9 ,s4 ,vitale4 ,inde$ ! emotion we exp]i5ce be=e ea* ( !m is to all purposes ! same4 ,! ri*ness ( m$ium 9 ! mosaics is amply comp5sat$ = by ,gaugu9's ri*ness ( foliage =ms & floral designs4 ,! decorative col\rs 9 bo? are equally effective4 ,z mod]ns we might get m enjoym5t out ( ,gaugu9's heat & brilliance & ! div]sity ( 8 silh\ette1 b at ! same "t !re is a great] ar*aeological attraction & a m spiritual int]e/ = u 9 ! anci5t "w4 ,intr9sically "o is z great z ! o!r4 ,^? seek+ = calm w f9d x 9 equal degree 9 bo?1 = 9 ea* x is produc$ by ! same me?od3 by ! /atic repres5tation ( =m r ?an by a sequ5ce ( movem5t4 ,gaugu9's sculpture has ! same qualities z 8 pa9t+s1 & resembles ! religi\s effigies ( "s b>b>ic tribe4 ,! figures are upright & rigid1 _! backs aga9/ a /raight support1 z 9 ,egyptian ar*itectural art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,deux ,,tahiti5s by ,,gaugu9 ,gaugu9 said _m times t :5 a pa9t] 0 be=e 8 easel he mu/ n be ! slave ei!r ( nature or ! pa/4 ,?is is true1 b z a pr9ciple x is too limit$4 ,al?\gh he himself liv$ up to x1 he did n g f> en\gh beyond x to d truly significant "w4 ,he arriv$ at ! brilliancy ( nature by a me?od di/9ctly diff]5t f nature's2 & :ile refus+ to be dom9at$ by ! pa/1 8 temp]am5t 0 su* t he fabricat$ an art mu* clos] to antiquity ?an t ( ! ,zaks & ! ,r\sseaus :o s]vilely imitat$ x4 ,he accompli%$ :at he set out to accompli%4 ,8 failure to give bir? to great art 0 due to ! intellectual limitations ( 8 ambitions4 ,8 place 9 mod]n pa9t+1 h[ev]1 is secure4 ,t great cycle ( ae/hetic endeav\r :i* 0 set 9 motion by ! discov]y ( oil pa9t+ f\nd its t]m9ation 9 ,rub5s4 ,! cycle :i* ,delacroix & ,turn] u%]$ 9 0 less ext5d$4 ,be+ m concrete 9 its aims1 x took only five decades to rea* completion 9 ! works ( ,r5oir4 ,! fir/ cycle1 born ) fix$ mat]ials1 0 bas$ on an absolute & physiological law ( composition :i* c nev] radically *ange1 & !re=e p]mitt$ ( an ext5sive developm5t & v>iation4 ,decad5ce naturally set 9 aft] its means _h lo/ _! ability to inspire arti/s4 ,! second cycle 0 "o ( rese>*1 & dur+ x arti/s 7 s n>r[ly focus$ on nature t !y lo/ sight ( ! f\ndation laid d[n dur+ ! fir/ cycle4 ,_h _! conc5tration n be5 rudely di/urb$ _! data hunt+ w\ld h c>ri$ !m hopelessly afield4 ,gaugu9 expos$ ! futility ( ! meticul\s imitation ( nature's effects1 & by s do+ took a /ep =w>d t[>d lib]ty ( me?od4 ,= ?is reason he is ( importance4 ,pa9t]s 7 rapidly becom+ sci5ti/s4 ,by turn+ m5's m9ds away f nature to broadly natural pictures ,gaugu9 invit$ !m once m to become arti/s4 ,he 0 ! l9k :i* jo9$ exp]im5tal rese>* to pure creation4 ,! fir/ cycle gave u an absolute composition3 ! second furni%$ a sci5tific hypo!sis = art3 ! ?ird1 ( :i* ,cezanne 0 ! primitive1 comb9$ ! fir/ two & ?us op5$ ! door on an inf9ity ( a*ievem5t4 ,gaugu9 prev5t$ ! second f runn+ into decad5ce by %[+ its uselessness z an isolat$ proc$ure4 ,,ix ,,degas ,,& ,,8 ,,circle ,! developm5t ( art itself is no m me*anical ?an ! arti/ic developm5t ( ! individual3 9 bo? !re are irregul>ities1 retrogressions1 =w>d spurts1 divagations4 ,r5oir fir/ appe>$ ) a rhy?mic l9e-balance :i* fir/ grew lum9\s1 !n volum9\s1 until x blossom$ =? into 8 full =m & l9e & col\r4 ,sometimes he leapt ahead 9 "o quality & det]iorat$ 9 ano!r1 ab&on$ "o = ! glory ( ! o!r1 & sacrific$ cont9ually until by exp]i5ce he knew 8 limitations4 ,!n consci\sly1 ) all ! re9s 9 h&1 he progress$ /eadily to 8 highe/ po9t ( effici5cy4 ,art 9 g5]al also advances sporadically4 ,delacroix gave a new fre$om to subject & draw+1 resuscitat$ composition & f\nd a new use = col\r4 ,he 0 ! embryonic /atem5t ( ! ends ( mod]n art4 ,c\rbet1 ignor+ col\r1 totally divorc$ subject-matt] f antiquity & lib]at$ draw+ f ! accept$ /yle4 ,he c>ri$ art =w>d1 b n 9 a direct l9e4 ,daumi] gave u a new conception ( =m1 b cont5t$ himself ) ,spani% col\r3 8 art1 ?\gh fragm5t>y1 0 ano!r /ep t[>d a unique vision4 ,!n came ,manet :o1 =gett+ composition1 exalt$ ! docum5t>y fre$om ( ,c\rbet & began ! /udy ( light4 ,he1 also1 0 a cont9uation ( ! mod]n art impulse1 b 9 8 /ruggle = ! new he =got ! f\ndations4 ,! ,impressioni/s accept$ passively all t _h come be=e4 ,!y rais$ col\r to an important place 9 pa9t+ & br\ght x to ! consid]ation ( all arti/s by %[+ its pot5cy 9 ! production ( int5se emotion4 ,r5oir us$ _! inspiration2 rev]t$ to ! pa/ ?r\gh ,delacroix1 ,c\rbet & ,daumi]2 comb9$ all t _h prec$$ him2 & 9 an incomp>able fl\ri% clos$ up ! possibilities ( 8 exp]im5tal =]unn]s4 ,9 him 0 a consummation4 ,b !re _h to be a transition also1 unless art 0 to /& /ill4 ,gaugu91 ?\gh he w5t s f> back t he pass$ to a "t :5 composition did n exi/1 int]pret$1 b did n imitate1 nature4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s cont9u$ ! impetus ( ,piss>ro4 ,cezanne une>!d secrets f nature :i* l9k$ him to ,impressionism1 & by apply+ !m arbitr>ily to classic organisations1 became an int]pret] ( ! pa/ z well z ( ! future4 ,at ea* /ep ( ?is broad & prolific advance !re 7 ^? pa9t]s :o1 pr(it+ by ! tea*+s ( ! great1 set !mselves to imitate & ornam5t ! ext]iors ( _! fa9tly-und]/ood ma/]s & to emphasise ! qualities ( texture1 mati]e & prett9ess4 ,s rapid 0 ! evolution ( mod]n endeav\r t ne>ly e pa9t] ov]lapp$ 8 seem+ly remote pr$ecessor4 ,edg> ,degas 0 born m ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,delacroix4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? pa9t]s :o1 cont5t to rema9 /agnant1 employ ! qualities :i* h be5 h&$ d[n to !m & brea! into old inspirations ! flame ( individual idiosyncrasy4 ,he 0 a man :o impress$ ev]yone by ! /r5g? ( 8 p]sonality & by ! p[] ( 8 cau/ic wit4 ,9 8 y\? he travell$ 9 ,italy & ,am]ica & w5t to s*ool1 n = arti/ic tra9+1 b m]ely z a concession to ! conv5tions ( ! day4 ,he copi$ ,holbe9 & ,lawr5ce4 ,9 8 e>li] portraits !re are und5iable traces ( ! ,g]man ma/]3 ! ,lawr5ce influ5ce exhibit$ itself 9 8 fem99ity m ?an 9 actual te*nical innovations4 ,he 0 an en?usia/ic visitor to ! ,cafe ,gu]bois on ! ,av5ue de ,cli*y :]e1 f #ahfe until ! w>1 ,manet 0 ! dom9at+ figure1 & :]e ! ,impressioni/s & su* m5 z ,lh]mitte1 ,caz91 ,legros1 ,:i/l] & ,/ev5s came to discuss ae/hetics4 ,al?\gh nev] radically oppos$ to s*ola/icism1 z 7 ^! o!r m51 ,degas 0 nev]!less p]suad$ to %>e 9 a jo9t exhibition 9 #ahfg ) 8 revolution>y companions4 ,b ! ridicule ( ! public disgu/$ him s ?or\ghly t he nev] expos$ aga94 ,he %ut himself up 9 8 /udio1 & !re1 isolat$ f 8 fell[ pa9t]s & ! vulg> populace1 work$ out 8 own salvation4 ,he in/9ctively hat$ ! brummagem %[ ( popul>ity & put into 8 e subject ?is disgu/ ) life's hypocrisies4 ,ev5 9 8 pranc+ ballet figures1 ?\gh !y are 9 full light & amid joy\s sett+s1 "o s5ses ! satire :i* l$ to ! depiction ( _! app>5t sans-s\ci4 ,"o reads 9 !m ! sordid mis]y ( _! home life1 ! long try+ h\rs ( muscul> /ra91 & ! deceit ( _! simulat$ smiles4 ,8 syn!tic figures--syn!tic 9 t !y 7 )\t details & accid5ts ( cont\r :i* w\ld detract f ! vision ( ! :ole--came to him direct & ) little v>iation f ,+res--n ! ,+res ( ,/ratonice b ! ,+res ( ! draw+s 9 ! ,musee ,+res at ,montauban4 ,8 /udy ( ?is ma/] gave him a great] insight into ! academic con/ruction ( ! human figure ?an any s*ool c\ld h done4 ,x p]mitt$ him to set =? a firmly drawn body 9 any pose ) equal ease4 ,?is facile ma/]y ( action is "o ( 8 greate/ claims to popul>ity4 ,gaugu9 held t no?+ %\ld be mov+ 9 a canvas1 t all ! figures %\ld be /atic1 arre/$ 9 _! pose1 & calm4 ,degas repres5t$ ,gaugu9's anti!sis4 ,he /rove to cat* 8 model 9 flight4 ,he immobilis$ _! elan1 & regi/]$ ^? *>act]i/ics ( a model :i* express action at its int5se/ dynamic in/ant4 ,9 all 8 racec\rse pictures ! v horses h t delicate balance ( m9c+ tread t we fir/ feel :5 we look at _! prototypes 9 life--t da9ty & slight resili5cy z ( weight on spr+s4 ,monet1 on ! "o h&1 caught ! ephem]al effect ( light on nature3 ,degas1 on ! o!r1 record$ ! fleet+ movem5t ( objects1 t is1 ! physical poise ( a grant$ image1 n ! ae/hetic poise :i* transmits itself to our subjectivities4 ,he surpris$ ! actional segm5t :i* epitomises ! entire cycle ( movem5t4 ,ev]y?+ he t\*es becomes z *>m+ & int]e/+ z a well/ag$ sc5e4 ,8 sympa?ies ) ! ,impressioni/ col\r me?ods & 8 mann] ( h&l+ 8 mat]ial add to ?is *>m & make pleasurable1 fre% & adv5turesome :at w\ld o!rwise be banal & sometimes ev5 ugly & devoid ( int]e/4 ,he pa9ts ! racehorse1 :i* ,g]icault fir/ introduc$ into ,fr5* art1 &1 by surr\nd+ x ) a v]nal spr+ atmosph]e1 violet hills & gre5 & o*re /ubble1 & by cat*+ its in/antane\s action1 makes ( x a picture ) a ri* & col\rful surface--a surface beside :i* a ,g]icault1 judg$ f ! same illu/rative /&po9t1 appe>s /iff & black4 ,degas1 9 %ort1 pa9ts ! k9d ( pictures :i* ! g5]al public calls arti/ic--a ^w :i*1 ?\gh loosely us$1 has come to h a di/9ct connotation :5 appli$ to arts & crafts4 ,vases1 plaques1 panels1 scre5s1 decorations1 po/]s & book-plates are all arti/ic provid$ !y fulfil c]ta9 simple requirem5ts4 ,! biz>re ext]iors ( ,g]man art h giv5 great impetus to ?is qualitative adjective4 ,! ^w is us$ indet]m9ately1 & its popul> mean+ has n be5 def9$4 ,b 9 ,degas we f9d x exemplifi$2 & by /udy+ him we may discov] its exact limitations4 ,arti/ic commonly ref]s to pa9t+s 9 :i* ! exactitude ( draw+ is lo/ 9 a non*alant s5sibilite1 & 9 :i* ! mati]e takes on a s$uctive int]e/ m]ely z a /uff or a sub/ance1 ! love ( :i* lies deep 9 ! mo/ intellectual ( m54 ,! tactile s5se w be f\nd at ! roots ( ! av]age p]son's idea ( an arti/ic "w4 ,?is desire = sup]ficial & mat]ial beauty1 z ( a r>e porcela9 or ( sc9tillat+ old silk1 is a "p ( ! same physical s5suality :i* makes "s m5 *oose r\gh-gra9$ canvas1 o!rs ! /one ( ! li?ograph]1 o!rs ! fluid bru%+ ( a ,:i/l] or a ,velazquez4 ,! desire = texture is :at l$ ,degas to pa/els4 ,8 pictures h some?+ m ?an an illu/rative value2 !y are highly attractive z objets d'art z well4 ,b :ile ?is attractiv5ess height5$ ! popul> value ( 8 "w1 x indicat$ ! inh]5t decad5ce ( 8 aims4 ,nor 0 x ! only sign ( 8 retrogression4 ,!re is n ev5 pictorial f9ality 9 8 "w4 ,he nev] pa9t$ subjects z su*1 b us$ !m only z bases = arabesques4 ,surface-cov]+ 0 8 =te1 & x is n rem>kable t "o s s5sitive to objective action %\ld h be5 su* a ma/] ( balance4 ,he c\ld nev] h a*iev$ su* p]fect balance _h he n realis$ t a "w ( art mu/ be done coldly & consci\sly & )\t passion = ! model1 & t all en?usiasm %\ld come only f ! progress+ "w itself4 ,8 arrangem5ts are :olly natural ones1 & we feel t no /udio pos+ has gone into _! mak+4 ,9 ?is naturali/ic attitude he 0 cont9u+ ! mod]n _s ( arbitr>y subject selection f\nd 9 ,c\rbet1 ,manet & ,piss>ro4 ,b :]e ^! m5 pa9t$ ) col\r1 ,degas only t9t$ 8 draw+s4 ,consequ5tly 8 col\r1 z well z composition1 0 a rev]sion to a /]ile pa/4 ,al?\gh we may admire 8 ,apres le ,ba91 ,la ,toilette1 ! ,trois ,danseuses1 ,femme au ,tub1 ,la ,sortie du ,ba91 ,torse de ,femme ,s',essuyant1 ,musici5s a l',or*e/re = _! v]isimilitude & lightness ( treatm5t1 _! imprevu ( arrangem5t & balance & _! *>m ( col\r1 we c nev] cr$it _! creator ) ev5 a slight g5ius1 = all 8 pictures lack ! ri* volumes ( a ,daumi] & ! ord] ( a ,r5oir4 ,illu/ration3 ,,danseuses ,a ,,leur ,,toilette by ,,degas ,degas 0 nei!r academic nor revolution>y4 ,he /ruck a middle c\rse 9 :i* ! s*ola/ic & ! h]etical bl5t1 & 9 bl5d+ neutralis$ ea* o!r's *>act]i/ics4 ,9 8 canvases he tells inh]5tly commonplace /ories1 b he does x ) ! =ce & ! graceful ease ( "o on :om all ! visions ( ! _w h made a p[]ful impression4 ,life meant to him a pageant1 nei!r moral nor immoral1 b real1 & z su* int]e/+4 ,if 9 :at he tells u !re seems a bit ( ! cynical indiff]5ce ( a m9d too fully disillusion$1 x nev] obtrudes itself4 ,he himself might h be5 surfeit$ & bitt]1 b 8 "w conta9s only ! b>e/ h9t ( 8 temp]am5tal retrospection4 ,8 compreh5sion ( life's trag$ies did n spoil 8 enjoym5t 9 depict+ !m4 ,l\is ,legr& reveals ! metropolitan lu/ ( mank9d2 ,=a91 its be/iality2 ,t\l\se-,lautrec1 its vici\sness4 ,ea* 0 prejudic$ 9 "s direction4 ,degas m]ely goes beh9d ! sc5es & by /ripp+ 8 *>act]s ( _! pret5ces %[s !m to u z !y are1 intimately & uns5tim5tally4 ,! o!r m5 9 ?is circle ( illu/rators ( :i* ,degas 0 ! dom9ant figure _h di/9ctly individual traits4 ,9 no s5se 7 !y foll[]s ( "o lead]4 ,_! preoccupation ) illu/ration alone held !m toge!r4 ,degas has giv5 u well-balanc$ patt]ns ) fragilely lovely surfaces4 ,he 0 little int]e/$ 9 ! traits ( 8 models3 he c>$ m = ! picture ?an = individual "*4 ,) ,h5ri de ,t\l\se-,lautrec ?is m5tal attitude 0 rev]s$4 ,9 8 "w are specific memb]s ( ! demi-monde1 m>ionettes :o h all ! acc5tuat$ vices1 vulg>ities1 fatigues & pret5sions ( _! trade4 ,9 _! faces1 m\ld$ by unre/ra9$ indulg5ces1 joys & sorr[s1 we c read _! inn]mo/ hopes & aspirations4 ,we c recon/ruct _! entire day's activities4 ,9 ord] to /udy 8 *>act]s ,lautrec w5t to ! milieu :]e gaiety 0 un*eck$1 :]e ! d5iz5s ( ! "u-_w--^? unreal be+s :o live l fanta/ic fl[]s n\ri%$ by artificial light & col\r--come to "w & play4 ,he saw & set d[n ! pr9cipals 9 ! ,bohemian music halls1 ! cafes-conc]ts & ! cirques1 & ^? daylight morali/s :o come to relax vici\sly at night ) all ! laiss]-all] ( viol5t reaction4 ,8 se>* 0 = "*2 & 9 ^! e/abli%m5ts "* did n masqu]ade 9 ! hypocritical g>b ( pride & dignity4 ,passions 7 air$ frankly1 ev5 pr\dly4 ,lautrec _h p]sonal z well z arti/ic reasons = *oos+ ?is sph]e4 ,he _h an ard5t1 almo/ febrile1 desire to live fully & furi\sly4 ,he 0 de=m$2 he _h a man's head & body on a *ild's legs--! result ( incompet5t bone-sett+ 9 8 y\?4 ,8 family 0 a v old & noble "o3 8 fa!r 0 a sportsman1 a lov] ( horses1 a sculptor 9 8 leisure mom5ts4 ,all ! pride ( race & dignity ( class tumbl$ f its p$e/al 9 ?is "y arti/4 ,he _h work$ 9 ! s*ools ( ,bonnat & ,cormon1 _h met & admir$ ,=a91 & _h f9ally be5 reveal$ to himself by ,degas :o l$ him to ! !atre4 ,he drank mu*1 "o suspects1 to =get 8 de=mity1 j z ,van ,gogh drank to =get disease4 ,he s\ght solace 9 ! ephem]al1 vision>y life ( ! cafes2 & no action1 no type1 no expression escap$ 8 prob+ notice4 ,he _h _m fri5ds to :om he confid$4 ,i am only half a bottle1 he w\ld say4 ,he ador$ wom5 imp]sonally & romantically1 b 9 8 own /ation ( life !y look$ ^u him askance4 ,consequ5tly he liv$ :]e money w\ld always buy att5tion & :]e good-fell[%ip 0 repaid ) good-fell[%ip4 ,lautrec 0 an indefatigable work]1 b 8 pictures possess little ( ! surface beauty ( a ,degas4 ,r d !y atte/ to a love ( exagg]at$ & uncommon =m1 z d ,*9ese pa9t+s4 ,b 9 him is m ord] ?an 9 ,degas4 ,comp>e ,une ,table au ,m\l9-,r\ge ) ,degas's ,cafe-,conc]t4 ,9 ! fir/ ! "* 9 ! physiques ( ! pr9cipals h>monises ) ! "* ( ! faces2 & ! female figure's hair1 hat & fur-trimm$ coat indicate ! arti/'s love = grotesque & beautiful ab/ract =m4 ,!re is m ?an balance "h3 !re is ! rudim5t ( an in/9ctive composition :i* ,degas nev] _h4 ,beside ?is picture ! ,cafe-,conc]t seems flat silh\ette1 sprightly & ent]ta9+1 b f> f pr(\nd4 ,! nucleus ( composition c be f\nd 9 all ( ,lautrec's be/ canvases1 especially ^? he pa9t$ aft] 8 return f ,spa94 ,t[>d ! end ( 8 life he work$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) a full bru% & ri* col\rs4 ,be=e ?is1 h[ev]1 p5cil1 *alk1 li?ographs & wat]-col\rs _h claim$ him4 ,8 greate/ flu5cy 0 9 ! use ( sep>at$ ha*ures ( ri* greyi% col\r on neutral backgr\nds4 ,?is me?od ( application p]mitt$ him l9e z well z col\r2 & ) 8 l9es1 summ>y & economical ?\gh !y 71 he caught ! animality ( 8 subjects ) z sure a h& z ,monet caught ! light & ,degas ! action4 ,lautrec1 ) ,*]et1 revolutionis$ ! po/] art4 ,!re are few m5 today 9 ?is field :o d n owe mu* to him4 ,8 love ( ! ecc5tricities ( 8 model 0 an ideal gift = ! po/]-mak]1 & he _h himself suffici5tly 9 h& n to be l$ into ! grotesque4 ,he 0 a c>icaturi/ 9 t he exagg]at$ *>act]i/ic traits1 j z ,matisse did 9 8 sculpture4 ,he always not$ fully ! uncommon1 & 8 love ( e manife/ation ( life gave him a wide range ( inspiration4 ,life 0 8 great adv5ture2 8 art 0 m]ely 8 di>y4 ,he is a hi/orian ( ! !atre ( 8 "t & has left sali5t portraits ( ,loie ,full]1 ,polaire1 ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt1 ,m\net-,sully1 ,yahne & ,anna ,held4 ,8 types ( ! raptorial woman ( ! pa/--! k9d t today is f\nd 9 ! hidd5 corn]s ( ,les ,halles1 at ! =tifications & ab\t ! ,rue de la ,joie--are z real z ! female *>act]s ( ,balzac1 ,daudet1 ,augi] & ,prevo/4 ,!y live 9 8 pictures because "o feels t !y once 7 realities3 8 c>icaturisations ( !m1 z ( 8 cl[ns & danc]s1 only int5sify _! intimate humanity4 ,to "s x may seem /range t ,lautrec %\ld h lik$ ,massys & ,meml+4 ,b 9 ! fir/ he f\nd tr5*ant *>act]isation1 especially 9 su* ?+s z ,head ( an ,old ,man1 ,! ,c\rtesan & ,portrait ( a ,canon4 ,& he 0 temp]am5tally ak9 to ,meml+ 9 su* arrangem5ts z ! latt]'s ,! ,ca/+ ( ! ,lots 7a detail ( ,calv>y7 & ,our ,"l's ,passion1 at ! ,museum 9 ,tur94 ,t ! illu/rators ( ?is gr\p 7 decad5t is borne out 9 _! subject-matt] z well z 9 _! me?ods4 ,s9ce ! e>lie/ record$ antiquity arti/s h be5 attract$ to ! mov+1 ! glitt]+1 ! brilliant2 & ! human occupation :i* embodies ^! ?ree qualities mo/ obvi\sly is danc+4 ,! m5 :o are 9 love ) life & n art & :o pa9t & draw pictures m]ely to record _! impressions1 h always be5 hypnotis$ by ! col\r1 ! grace1 ! flu5t movem5t & ! rhy?mic %ift+s ( danc]s4 ,^! m51 unable to analyse _! emotions1 h dream$ only ( depict+ objectively _! photographic impressions ( ! dance4 ,! arti/s :o p5etrat$ to ! fundam5tal causes ( rhy?m us$ ! dance only arbitr>ily1 :]eas ! sup]ficial pa9t]s ( ! pa/ saw 9 x m]ely ! mosaic1 ! patt]n1 ! arabesque4 ,!y ?\ght t 9 portray+ ! dance lit]ally !y w\ld arrive at its motive significance4 ,b 9 ?is !y fail$4 ,_h !y done _! figures 9 clay or /one !y w\ld h approa*$ ne>] _! desire4 ,b ev5 ?is m mascul9e m$ium has1 ) few exceptions1 result$ 9 failure4 ,! danc+ girls 9 ! ,grottoes ( ,mahavelipore 7 us$ only by ^? puissant ma/]s ( =m z friezes or %apes to fill 9 & ornam5t a vacant space4 ,! ,tanagra figur9es are a purely decorative endeav\r4 ,9 ,greece x 0 n ! m5 ( ,praxiteles's calibre1 b ! small] tal5ts l ! pott]s :o us$ ! dance 9 _! designs4 ,ev5 a man z slight z ,hokusai leaves x to a ,toba ,sojo to make 8 models cap]4 ,b ! fem99e tal5t ( ,degas f9ds 9 ! dance absolute & unord]$ expression2 & ,lautrec & ,legr&1 bo? m robu/ ?an ,degas1 ?\gh m9or & ornam5tally illu/rative arti/s1 are s$uc$ into portray+ x (t54 ,l\is ,legr& 0 m ( ! mak] ( pictures ?an 7 8 two contempor>ies4 ,8 nature lean$ t[>d ! heavy & boi/]\s ,sodoma r ?an t[>d ! ,lat9 ideal ( ,tiepolo4 ,?is almo/ ,teutonic racial p5*ant 9 him expla9s :y ! be/iality ( 8 subject-matt] is s (t5 done 9 ! mann] ( ,goya1 ) broad black & :ite masses1 n ) ! sugge/$ l9e & ! attractive mati]e ( 8 ma/]1 ,degas4 ,!re is mu* ,teutonic blood 9 ,spa91 & ,goya1 :ile be+ f> ! great] arti/ ev5 9 8 slighte/ et*+s1 is ! ne>e/ approa* to ,legr& 9 ! treatm5t ( !mes4 ,goya pa9ts moral decay ) disgu/ & g5ius1 :]eas ,legr&1 ) 8 slight grop+s aft] ord] ( a surface v>iety1 glories 9 x z 9 a pursuit1 & pa9ts x ) a le]4 ,! ,spani>d uses x z a temp]am5tal means4 ,! ,fr5*man1 ^: :ole tal5t lies 9 a =mula ( draughtsman%ip1 works t[>d its creation z an end4 ,8 %all[ness is at once app>5t :5 we comp>e 8 ,maitresse or 8 illu/rations = ,edg> ,allan ,poe's tales ) et*+s l ,donde ,va ,mama or ,bu5 ,viaje4 ,psy*ologically he is intimately relat$ to ! f9 de siecle movem5t 9 ,engl&2 &1 al?\gh a bett] & m heal?y workman1 he has a temp]am5t s+ul>ly ak9 to t ineffectual ,victorian academician1 ,walt] ,sick]t4 ,9 ,j4-,l4 ,=a9 we h a man ( diff]5t /amp1 "o :o1 kn[+ 8 ability = c]ta9 ?+s1 cl+s to !m & does n attempt to ?ru/ himself into ! rank ( arti/4 ,by develop+ 8 small pot5tialities to _! highe/ actuality he has a*iev$ z mu* z 8 confr]es h by extrane\s tricks & appe>ances4 ,& !re is no d\bt t he compreh5ds art mu* bett] ?an !y4 ,8 iconocla/ic & acidul\s cynicism1 8 ability to wr5* f beh9d ! veil ( mundane hypocrisy ! real motivation ( an action1 & 8 prob+ analysis :i* _c be impos$ ^u by pret5ce1 h t\*$ on _m sides ( contempor>y life--politics1 extortion1 c\rts1 m]*ants1 ! beau monde1 pro/itution1 religion1 ! !atre & ! tawdry ,bohemianism ( ,montp>nasse4 ,) a few /raight & flu5t /rokes ( ! p5cil he builds up a type ( ! blu/]+ p>v5u ,jew1 ! m]c5>y picture deal]1 ! *ildi% & va9 actor :o is avid = praise & obsess$ ) 8 vocation4 ,=a9 calls ! actor a ,m'z-tu-vu8 & depicts him z ) t phrase ev] on 8 lips4 ,baudelaire ,*ez les ,mufles is "o ( ! _w's greate/ monum5ts to human hypocrisy4 ,a *lorotic b\rgeoise is /&+ 9 ! c5tre ( a small ga!r+ recit+ ,baudelaire's v]ses4 ,ar\nd h] are gr\p$ types ( self-satisfi$ & vici\s mascul9ity1 all pret5d+1 l ! speak] h]self1 to be feel+ deeply ! hidd5 spirituality ( ! poem4 ,"s ( ! m5 h _! heads rais$ high1 o!rs b[$ l[1 = purposes ( conc5tration4 ,! :ole picture is r\gh-hewn z ?\gh done ) an axe 9 a squ>e ( clay4 ,) ! simple/ means ! arti/ gives u ! impression ( rugg$ /one &1 at ! same "t1 completion4 ,! titles to 8 draw+s are 9 ! exact _s ( ! pictures !mselves1 succ9ct1 brutal & p5etrat+4 ,=a9 is ! second greate/ c>icaturi/ ! _w has produc$4 ,he 0 n ! arti/ t ,daumi] 01 b z a s]i\s creator ( types & z a highly intellig5t critic ( contempor>y %ams1 he is a ma/]1 ev5 z ,daumi] 0 a ma/] ( a realm f> above him4 ,=a9 p]fect$ :at he set out to d1 & = ?is praise is due him4 ,t 8 ambition ran along a subpassage ( ae/hetic endeav\r1 z did t ( 8 ?ree confr]es1 he w\ld be ! fir/ to admit4 ,z arti/s ^! m5 _c be judg$ ei!r by ! surface quality ( _! works or by _! p5etration into life & "*4 ,su* consid]ations h no?+ to d ) ae/hetic emotion4 ,no matt] h[ mu* we may eulogise su* pa9t]s--= !y mu/ be judg$ by _! own /&>d r ?an by a crit]ion set by a ,rub5s--our praise w nev] place !m 9 ! rank ( pla/ic creators4 ,!y w ev] rema9 9 ! realm ( ne>ly p]fect workm5 ) lit]>y app]ceptions4 ,t\l\se-,lautrec1 because ( 8 love ( =mal di/ortion = its own sake1 probably comes ne>] ! high] level3 !re is 9 8 "w a slight ae/hetic elem5t4 ,degas w ev] rema9 ! piece ( old velvet 9 a frame2 ,l\is ,legr&1 ! illu/rator ( ! ba*elor clubs2 ,=a91 ! expositor ( life's pret5sions4 ,x is ^! m5 :o h giv5 ! greate/ impetus to reali/ic illu/ration 9 all c\ntries4 ,view$ f ?is /&po9t !y 7 a salut>y1 z well z a div]t+1 manife/ation4 ,by burr[+ d[n into ! dep?s ( mat]ial exi/5ce !y made unimportant su* poetic m5 z ,be>dsley1 ,rossetti & ,moreau4 ,all good illu/ration aft] !m took on a deep] mean+4 ,x ignor$ ! m5daci\s surfaces ( ?+s & /rove to reproduce ! und]curr5ts :i* lie at ! bottom ( human actions & reactions4 ,its m]e prett9ess 0 supplant$ by subcutane\s *>act]i/ics4 ,x s\ght = motives r ?an emotions1 = causes r ?an effects4 ,x became critical :]e once x _h be5 only photographic4 ,f ,degas1 ,lautrec1 ,legr& & ,=a9 comes directly ! be/ illu/rative tal5t 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,)\t ^! f\r m5 we w\ld n possess ! be/ "w ( ,max ,be]bohm1 ,h]mann ,paul1 ,bell[s1 ,maxime ,de?omas1 ,r\bille1 ,c>lopez1 ,c>l ,l>son1 ,alb]t ,eng/roem1 ,c4 ,d4 ,gibson1 ,e4 ,m4 ,a%e1 ,bo>dman ,rob9son1 ,ces>e1 ,blum5s*e9 & ,wallace ,morgan1 ! la/ ( :om is unque/ionably ! mo/ arti/ic illu/rator 9 ei!r ,am]ica or ,engl&4 ,x ,,h5ri-,,matisse ,:ile ! bitt] /ruggle aga9/ ! n>r[ dictates ( a retrospective & s-call$ classic academy 0 9 progress1 & be=e ! old] s*ola/ic =ces _h f9ally be5 put to r\t1 ! ,impressioni/s calmly arrogat$ to !mselves ! au?ority ( _! dumbf\nd$ pr$ecessors4 ,_! pictures1 because m re/rict$ & n bas$ on ! fundam5tals ( art1 soon became z famili> & commonplace z ! pa9t+s ( ,g]ome1 ,cabanel & ,b\gu]eau1 & 9 becom+ famili> settl$ into ! groove ( a new academism z immobile & self-satisfi$ z ! old4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s 7 ! fir/ to react aga9/ !m1 & lat] ,gaugu9 & 8 fell[ syn!si/s op5ly decl>$ w>4 ,cezanne at t "t 0 little kn[n & less und]/ood4 ,liv+ ap>t & alone1 he 0 c\nt$ out ( ! ma9 /ruggle4 ,! decad5ts ( ! movem5t1 ,degas & 8 circle1 cont9u$ _! popul>is+ process3 _! eyes 7 s fix$ly turn$ inw>d t !y saw little ( :at 0 go+ on ab\t !m4 ,gaugu91 putt+ aside imitation ( nature = int]pretation1 began ! great movem5t :i* 0 to culm9ate 9 ! mo/ extreme reaction aga9/ ,impressionism--,cubism4 ,& ,matisse :o1 ar\s+ public int]e/ 9 ! new1 is responsible = ! popul> ,cezanne discussions ( today1 0 ! next man to c>ry on ,gaugu9's "w ( pigeon-hol+ ,monet & 8 foll[]s4 ,b :]eas ! ,impressioni/s _h completely =gott5 ! classics1 ,gaugu9 wi%$ to recomm5ce ! entire cycle by rev]t+ to ! =efa!rs ( ^? v classics4 ,he also _h 8 decad5t foll[]s1 b !re 0 no "o to cont9ue 8 me?ods & inspiration4 ,if x is difficult to p]ceive an analogy betwe5 him & a pa9t] l ,jacopo dei ,b>b>i1 comp>e ! works ( ^! m5 ) a lat] draw+ by ,matisse4 ,! simil>ity ( ! fir/ two1 by be+ contra/$ ) ! latt]1 w at once become app>5t4 ,gaugu9 clung close to ! draw+ ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians2 & ! classic se$ )9 him1 ?\gh x nev] fl[]$1 0 nev] dead4 ,:ile ! =m 9 ,matisse at times has all ! suavity ( cont\r ( a ,liombruno or a ,romanelli1 !re is a m purely s5sitive reason = x ?an 9 ! well-taught decad5ts ( ! lat] ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! classes ( ,b\gu]eau & ,c>ri]e at ! ,beaux-,arts he _h se5 to :at an impasse a too great love ( antiquity w\ld lead4 ,fur!rmore1 ) 8 _m copies 9 ! ,l\vre1 by comm& ( ! /ate1 he began gradually to realise t ! classics _h become a feti*1 & t ! only salvation = a pa9t] 0 to seek a diff]5t & less-kn[n inspiration4 ,?is c\rse 0 n s difficult z x _h once be51 = ! y\ng] m5 _h already lib]at$ !mselves f popul> m&ates4 ,! fre$om ( ! arti/ 0 n[ an assur$ ?+1 & :ile ! public /ill sc(f$ & (f]$ sugge/ions1 x no long] felt t a man's expression 0 its p]sonal conc]n4 ,to be sure1 popul> rage aga9/ ?+s :i* appe>$ incompreh5sible 0 /ill evid5t1 b x 0 ! impot5t rage :i* sne]s because x c no long] /rike4 ,! ,salon des ,arti/es ,indep5dants 0 9 full sw+1 & ! new arti/s :o _h ideas r ?an tricks & :o 7 int5t on discov]+ new fields ?r\gh devi\s exp]im5tation1 f\nd !re9 a refuge :]e !y c\ld expose z conspicu\sly z c\ld ! academicians4 ,9 ?is heal?ful ,salon ,matisse has exhibit$ regul>ly up to a few ye>s ago1 & x 0 "h & 9 ! ,salon d',automne--ano!r exhibition :i* at fir/ 0 animat$ by high ideals b :i* has lately fall5 into ! h&s ( cliques & picture m]*ants--t 8 fame took bir?4 ,) ,matisse's adv5t we behold ! p>adox ( an arti/ :o is 9 full reaction aga9/ ! ,impressioni/ic & classic doctr9es & :o at ! same "t reveals a c]ta9 composition & makes col\r ( p>am\nt int]e/4 ,! ,matisse ( exotic inspiration came f ! /udio ( ,gu/ave ,moreau :o1 by 8 intellig5t tol]ation ( ! virile en?usiasms ( 8 pupils1 facilitat$ ! way t[>d complete self-expression4 ,!re are ,matisse draw+s extant :i* are impeccable f ! academic /&po9t--draw+s 9 :i* is f\nd all ! cold "r draw+ ( ! s*ool4 ,!re are pa9t+s 9 ! ,neo-,impressioni/ic mann]1 except t !y display a s5sitive use ( h>moni\s col\rs1 :i* %\ld h %[n ,signac & ,cross ! error ( _! rigid sci5ce4 ,also !re are /ill-ives :i* recall ,*>d91 "o ( ,matisse's great admirations2 & at lea/ "o /udy ( a head1 done 9 ,colorossi's old academy on ! ,rue de la ,gr&e ,*aumi]e1 9 :i* a love ( ,cezanne's =m & col\r m+les ) a respect = ,manet's me?od ( apply+ pa9t4 ,gaugu9 too s]v$ z a prov5ance = ! lat] col\r vision ( ,matisse4 ,inde$ x is z mu* f ,gaugu9 z f ,cezanne t he /ems4 ,! broad planes ( ri* tones & ! decorative employm5t ( =m 9 ! =m] _h z great an influ5ce 9 ,matisse's art z did ! p]fect displacem5t ( spaces 9 ! canvases ( ! ,prov5cal ma/]4 ,gaugu91 :ile /ill lean+ to ! classic1 desir$ a fre%] impetus4 ,he !re=e s\ght di/ortion 9 exotic inspiration2 b ! man :o 0 l$ to di/ortion ?r\gh a pure love ( unfamili> =m & to :om ,matisse owes ! decid+ influ5ce t[>d a new body1 0 ! ,spani>d ,goya4 ,! de=m$1 ! grotesque & ! mon/r\s 7 ) ,goya a passion4 ,9 8 ,capri*os x is easily se5 t he1 too1 0 tir$ ( ! e/abli%$ =mulas reg>d+ ! human body1 & /rove to v>y & enri* x4 ,by emphasis+ a *>act]i/ic trait1 by %ift+ a c]ta9 =m1 by exagg]at+ a c]ta9 proportion1 he s\ght to obta91 z did ,matisse1 ! complete expression ( :at he felt to be ess5tial 9 8 model4 ,! de=mations 9 ,gaugu9 came z a result ( an outl9e :i* aft] ! fir/ draw+ 0 left un*ang$ = ! sake ( its naif effect4 ,b 9 ,goya & ,matisse ! de=mations are ! result ( a highly develop$ pla/ic s5se :i* glories 9 new & unusual =ms4 ,) !m ! human body is treat$ z ! means ?r\gh :i* an idea is express$--an idea ( =m1 n ( lit]ature4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ! draw+ call$ ,deux ,tahiti5s1 "o ( ,gaugu9's be/ works1 ) ,matisse's ,baigneuses1 a canvas ( ?ree nudes "o ( :i* is play+ ) a turtle4 ,9 ! =m] ! proportions are di/ort$ z mu* z 9 ! latt]1 b ^! proportions are flat & are an end 9 !mselves4 ,!y h no intellectual de/9y4 ,9 ! ,matisse picture ! exagg]ations gr[ out ( a desire to express m fully ! =m :i* ! arti/ has felt to be important & *>act]i/ic4 ,9 ! seat$ woman ! torso & neck con/itute a p]sonal & orig9al vision1 & ! cr\*+ woman's back has z mu* solidity z ! ,v5us ,accr\pie ( ! ,l\vre4 ,matisse's simplifi$ vision ( =m came1 z did all syn!tic mod]n art1 f ,+res & ,daumi] ?r\gh ,seurat1 ,degas & ,gaugu94 ,t ,+res1 ! ma/] ( s classic a s*ool1 %\ld h unconsci\sly felt ! ne$ = modify+ & simplify+ an object is a significant indication ( ! fatigue :i* is always produc$ by an adh]5ce to a set =m4 ,9 8 draw+s ! details are omitt$ m]ely because !y d n fur!r ! a*ievem5t ( 8 own p>ticul> k9d ( beauty4 ,9 ,daumi] !y are abs5t because !y detract f ! spontane\s emotion ( ! :ole2 9 ,degas & ,manet1 because !y h9d] ! flu5cy ( action & obscure ! complete & direct image2 9 ,seurat1 because !y int]f]e ) ! suavity ( l9e itself2 & 9 ,gaugu91 because !y preclude t naivete ( appe>ance he wi%$ to obta94 ,9 ,matisse began ! consci\s process ( mak+ =m arbitr>y1 ( b5d+ x to ! p]sonal requirem5t ( expression4 ,9 ,cubism =m became ev5 m ab/ract4 ,9 ,+res's draw+s !re is an entire lack ( suppl5ess3 8 figures appe> l a fir/ sket* 9 wood = a ,g]man c>v+4 ,9 ,gaugu9 ?is wood5 look becomes a trifle m flu5t2 ! proportions are arti/ically improv$4 ,& 9 ,matisse !re is no trace ( ! awkw>d or ! /iff4 ,:ile 8 =m is m simplifi$ ?an t ( ! two o!r pa9t]s1 ! simplifications come z a result ( t arti/ic rightness ( proportion :i* is an outgr[? ( ! ultimate ref9em5t ( k & ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,baigneuses by ,,h5ri-,,matisse ,! trick ( draw+ ( a ,l\is ,legr& has no p>allel 9 ,matisse4 ,9 ! "w ( ! latt] ea* figure or object1 no matt] h[ _m times he has already drawn x1 has a di/9ctively novel con/ruction & pres5ts a new vision4 ,all famili> jo9ts & hackney$ int]pretations are abs5t4 ,we h se51 = in/ance1 ! deltoids drawn 9 e conceivable pose ( /ress or calm4 ,:5 "o speaks ( a nude we imm$iately visualise x ) ! angul> %\ld]s1 ) ! accu/om$ bulges ov] ! upp] arm :i* h be5 pa9t$ !re 9 ! same mann] s9ce ! e>ly ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! del9eation ( deltoids ! pa9t] _h become /agnant1 accept+ _! conv5tional appe>ance z an ext]nal tru? & record+ !m )\t ?\ght4 ,matisse revolt$ aga9/ ?is fix$ /&>d4 ,glance ?r\gh 8 lat] nudes--& !re are _m ( !m--& e %\ld] w pres5t a diff]5t appe>ance2 e arm w take on a novel =m4 ,we speak "h ( ^! p>ticul> muscles because !y seem to obtrude !mselves ^u ! s5sitive sight m ?an any o!rs4 ,matisse1 seek+ to ov]come ?is /ructural monotony1 made ea* %\ld] he drew a new =m1 a new adv5ture1 by express+1 n ! actual bone & muscle ( ! cl9ic1 b ! sali5t mean+ ( t %\ld] 9 a giv5 milieu4 ,x is ?is same desire to d away ) ! hackney$ =ms ( art t has driv5 ! mod]n poets away f classic metres & caus$ !m to seek a m pla/ic & adaptable m$ium 9 v]s libre4 ,rondeaux1 ballades1 quatra9s1 octaves & ! l are today z intr9sically p]fect =ms z !y ev] 71 b ! significance ( _! beauty has be5 lo/ ?r\gh ov]use1 ?r\gh too great famili>ity4 ,our m9ds pass ov] !m z ov] well-le>n$ lessons committ$ to memory4 ,x is ?us ,matisse felt ab\t ! classic =ms ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,^! =ms _h once be5 beautiful2 intr9sically !y 7 /ill beautiful2 b !y _h be5 habitualis$ by con/ant repetition2 & new ones 7 ne$$4 ,9 ord] to f9d !m ,matisse says t1 :5 be=e a model1 he tri$ to =get t he _h ev5 se5 a nude be=e & to look ^u x ) ! eyes ( "o :o _h nev] se5 a picture4 ,by ?is he does n mean t 8 vision 0 naive1 b t x 0 innoc5t ( set rules & preconceiv$ ideas ( h[ =m %\ld be obta9$4 ,z a !ory ?is attitude prov$ fruitful because1 :ile he did n succe$ 9 sett+ aside memory1 he 0 nev]!less l$ to a consci\s ?ru/+ aside ( 8 fir/ impulses to depict =m z he saw x4 ,all pa9t]s1 ev5 ! great] arti/s ( ! pa/1 _h copi$ =m z x pres5ts itself to ! eye1 b ,matisse =c$ himself1 ?r\gh pa9/ak+ analysis1 to express =m 9 a totally novel mann]2 & to a c]ta9 ext5t he succe$$4 ,"o might well ask :y1 9 modify+ ! human body1 he did n1 = in/ance1 omit a leg or a head1 ?us mak+ 8 expression at once pur] & m ab/ract4 ,! answ] is t he realis$ t ! spectator1 aft] ! fir/ %ock at see+ ! unexpect$ =m & ! consequ5t m5tal readju/m5t to ! new vision1 w\ld nev]!less recognise ! picture z a depiction ( ! human figure4 ,!re=e a complete recognisability mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,if ! arti/ omitt$ an eye or a m\?1 = example1 ! spectator w\ld exp]i5ce physically ! incomplet5ess ( ! vision4 ,he w\ld feel1 ?r\gh p]sonal association1 ! bl9dness or ! suffocation z sugge/$ 9 ! picture2 & ^! %ocks1 be+ second>y physiological s5sations1 w\ld detract f ! ae/hetic pleasure provok$ by ! "w4 ,! po9t is an important "o1 = x demon/rates ! impossibility ( appreciat+ art purely z ab/ract =m s long z recognisable objects are pres5t$4 ,z mod]n pa9t+ progress$ ! illu/rative gradually became relegat$4 ,mu* impetus = 8 abbreviations & acc5tuations ( =m came to him ) 8 p]sonal discov]y ( ! wood c>v+s ( ! ,african negroes1 ! sculpture ( natives ( ,polynesia & ,java & ( ! ,p]uvian & ,mexican ,indians4 ,dur+ ! la/ five ye>s we h he>d mu* ( ^! unkn[n arti/s & ( _! sup]lative ability = organisation & rhy?m4 ,b !y h be5 a little too quickly & en?usia/ically accept$ z crit]ia at ! exp5se ( ^? great] arti/s1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,ea/ ,indians & ! ,*9ese4 ,matisse f\nd 9 !m an inspiration t[>d syn!sis & also a sub/antiation = 8 own desire to emphasise sali5t *>act]i/ics4 ,!y influ5c$ 8 motives 9 depict+ only :at 0 p]sonally important & 9 do+ away ) unnecess>y details4 ,aft] him !re came a horde ( imitators :o saw 9 negro sculpture ! qu9tess5ce ( arti/ic expression1 :o look$ ^u x z a f9ality ( organisation & rhy?mic compos+4 ,su* judgm5t1 h[ev]1 conta9s m ( en?usiasm ?an ( critical acum54 ,negro sculpture has an int]e/ = u only 9 s f> z x is novel & untutor$4 ,its organisation is ( ! mo/ primitive k9d1 symmetrical r ?an rhy?mic1 ar*itectonic r ?an pla/ic4 ,x is ! "w ( slightly syn!tic arti/s :o 7 )\t models & ^: visions encompass$ only c]ta9 traits ( =m :i*1 :5 express$1 became n compos$ b balanc$1 n imitative b ab/ract4 ,! ab/ractness ( negro sculpture1 its b5d+ ( all human =ms to an ornam5t1 its ar*aic rigidity :i* is ! anti!sis ( flu5t movem5t--^! are ! qualities :i* h s gripp$ ! imag9ations ( m9or mod]n arti/s4 ,9 reality ! negro sculptors did n seek ^! qualities consci\sly4 ,_! lack ( reali/ic obs]vation 0 due to _! p>tial isolation f ext]ior influ5ces su* z ! ,greeks & ,egyptians1 & to _! desire to make an ornam5t ( all images4 ,x 0 ! ,p]sians1 h[ev]1 :o influ5c$ ,matisse m ?an did negro sculpture4 ,he f\nd 9 ^! arti/s a practical lesson 9 ! application ( 8 beliefs--a lesson :i* sub/antiat$ ! tonic division & =mal improvisation ( ,goya & ! decorative col\r application ( ,gaugu94 ,besides he le>n$ f !m a m direct me?od ( image mak+1 a me?od :i* 0 at once m delicate & m fem99ely s5sitive4 ,aft] see+ ! pictures done by ,matisse 9 ,algi]s1 & su* pa9t+s z ,la ,glace sans ,ta91 & aft] look+ at ! vi/as ?r\gh ! op5 doors & w9d[s 9 "s ( 8 l>ge int]iors1 "o realises at once ! great influ5ce ^! exquisitely delicate pa9t]s ( anci5t ,p]sia _h on him4 ,! decorative illu/rations ( ! ,mille et ,une ,nuits1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is by ,fasquelle1 are s simil> to "s ( 8 pictures t "o is incl9$ to believe he /udi$ ?is book be=e pa9t+ !m4 ,8 sup]iority lies 9 8 l9] compreh5sion ( ! human =m & 9 ! great div]sity he exhibit$ 9 ! repetition ( its compon5t p>ts4 ,p]sia1 l o!r nations1 _h an academy1 & :ile its yield 0 m *>m+ & less giv5 to complex reproductions1 x _h no m ae/hetic importance ?an h ! art s*ools ( our own day4 ,b unlike ours x _h n =gott5 ! necessity ( =mal di/ribution 9 ! mak+ ( arti/ic arrangem5ts4 ,?is di/ribution 9 its flat s5se ,matisse appropriat$ to 8 own ends1 & by apply+ to x fre] mod]n means1 made 8 art m ae/hetically significant ?an t ( ! ,p]sians4 ,8 mod]n means 7 ! outgr[? ( 8 und]/&+ ( col\r 9 its capacity to incite emotion4 ,8 fir/ essays 9 ?is field 7 greyi%4 ,lat]1 ?r\gh divisioni/ic me?ods1 !y grew bright]2 & f9ally 8 col\r became pure & 0 appli$ 9 l>ge planes4 ,8 works ( ?is p]iod %9e z a s\rce ( light1 & ) 8 developm5t ( exagg]at$ =ms 8 col\r int]pretations also become exagg]at$4 ,:]e he saw a gre5 9 a %ad[ he pa9t$ x a pure gre52 :]e he saw a yell[ 9 light he made x a pure yell[2 & s on ) ! o!r col\rs4 ,b 9 ^! int]pretations !re is m ?an a m]e desire to record ha/ily an optical vision4 ,ea* col\r is pond]$ at l5g? 9 its relation to ! o!rs4 ,x is *ang$ a score ( times1 modifi$ & adju/$2 & :5 x is f9ally pos$ x is arti/ically "r4 ,9 o!r words1 x fills h>moni\sly an important "p 9 a picture :]e und]/&+ & ta/e are ! creators4 ,9 ! "w ( ,matisse s5sibilite plays ! all-important role1 & :ile 8 results are satisfy+ z f> z !y g1 !re are times :5 we c\ld wi% = a great] rhy?mic s5se1 a m consci\s k ( ! pr(undities ( composition1 & a less dom9at+ desire to free ea* =m & l9e f classic dictates4 ,) 8 col\r we c f9d no su* fault4 ,?\gh "h 8 k1 l t ( all o!r arti/s be=e him1 is limit$1 ! p]fect h>mony betwe5 t9ts1 :i* 9 him rea*es a m advanc$ /age ?an 9 any prec$+ arti/1 is ! result ( a highly s5sitive eye & an impeccable ta/e4 ,! beauty ( 8 col\r alone makes him ( p>am\nt importance4 ,e "o ( 8 canvases is a complete col\r gamut creat$ by ta/e & au!nticat$ by sci5ce n only z to pure col\r b also z to greys & tone4 ,9 8 /ill-lives he *ooses objects alone = _! col\r & =m1 & 8 s5se ( proportion is s develop$ & 8 r$uction ( l9e is c>ri$ to s f9al an economy t1 z flat z ^! objects are1 !y seem to h a ri* consi/5cy & to ext5d !mselves into visual dep?4 ,z 9 ! case ( all m5 :o deviate f ! n>r[ & well-worn pa? ( monoton\s tonality1 ,matisse is accus$ ( deal+ 9 rauc\s & blatant col\rs :i* set ! head a*+ & ! eyes sm>t+4 ,b ! accusation is true only ( 8 foll[]s :o display little s5sitivity & ev5 less arti/ry1 & :o1 9 imitat+ ! sup]ficial aspects ( 8 "w1 see only grotesque di/ortions & pure col\r4 ,matisse once _h a s*ool :]e he endeav\r$ to develop ! native tal5ts ( ! ,am]icans1 ,poles1 ,russians & ,g]mans2 b :5 a ,bohemian woman1 9 reply to 8 "q z to :at %e wi%$ to d1 answ]$1 ,je veux faire le 'neuf'1 he ab&on$ ! ent]prise & retir$ to ,clam>t4 ,%e unwitt+ly summ$ up ! desire ( ^? meagre pa9t]s :o1 on see+ some?+ novel1 imm$iately ?r[ !mselves into imitat+ x4 ,matisse's foll[]s approa* 8 col\r gamut1 b !y nev] bridge t lacuna :i* sep>ates a precise art f "o :i* is a peu pres4 ,x is ! la/ delicate ref9em5t ( p]fect h>mony :i* ,matisse possesses & :i* 8 imitators c n atta9 to1 :i* places him 9 ! rank ( greatness4 ,matisse is call$ ! ,*ef des ,fauves1 & 8 art has be5 catalogu$ & label$1 turn$ into a s*ool & has come to be kn[n 9 _m qu>t]s z ,po/-,impressionism1 al?\gh t title1 z well z ! "o ( ,fauvism1 0 orig9ally int5d$ to designate all ! art movem5ts aft] ,impressionism & ,neo-,impressionism & includ$ su* widely dissimil> m5 z ,cezanne1 ,van ,gogh1 ,picasso1 ,k&9sky1 ,matisse & ,friesz4 ,x /ood = ! new vitality 9 art1 = ! contempor>y animat+ _s1 & impli$ an epo* r ?an a movem5t4 ,x 0 n suffici5tly specific1 h[ev]2 & :ile mod]n art 9 ! ma9 is a homog5e\s developm5t ( new means1 its =ces are too div]se & its evolution too complex to p]mit ( its be+ describ$ by a blanket t]m4 ,x 0 !re=e natural t 9 an endeav\r to und]/& ! und]ly+ =ces ( mod]n pa9t+ a process ( critical diff]5tiation %\ld h be5 in/itut$4 ,b labels are (f5sive & imp]t95t :5 atta*$ to s]i\s ae/hetic endeav\rs1 & are apt to lead to misund]/&+ & errors ( judgm5t4 ,! canvases !mselves mu/ be ! f9al te/ ( a movem5t's endur+ vitality4 ,matisse is himself ! :ole impetus ( ! movem5t he repres5ts4 ,) ! "o exception ( ,cezanne1 he is m remote f 8 foll[]s ?an any o!r mod]n lead]4 ,he repeats himself s little t 8 disciples _c make a feti* ( 8 canons4 ,inde$1 he does n "w by rote or law1 except 9 s f> z !re is a law gov]n+ 8 p]sonal impressions & pr$ilections4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portrait ,,de ,,famille by ,,h5ri-,,matisse ,al?\gh ,matisse's greate/ impetus to mod]n art1 aft] 8 c>ry+ =m ne>] to an ab/ract conception1 is ! h>monis+ ( col\r1 8 f9e/ canvases are ^? 9 :i* ! =m pr$om9ates1 z = in/ance ! ,jeu de ,balles1 ,la ,musique--,esquisse1 ,la ,musique 7panneau decoratif7 & ,baigneuses4 ,9 ^! pictures1 h[ev]1 !re is an entire abs5ce ( rhy?m 9 ! ,r5oir s5se1 b !y possess a p]fect disposition ( =ms to fill a giv5 space1 a h>mony ( subject ) its frame1 a dazzl+ succession ( uncommon & beautifully proportion$ spaces & an amaz+ feel+ = two-dim5sion$ =m4 ,:]e ) ,matisse ! di/9ct p>ti pris ( rev]t+ to a primitive inspiration 0 excusable1 su* an attitude 0 worse ?an folly = ^? :o came aft] him4 ,) him x 0 a manife/ation ( ! disgu/ ( an impati5t & exp]im5tal m9d = /]eotyp$ expression3 ) 8 foll[]s x 0 only an imitation ( 8 motives1 & h5ce x 0 decad5t4 ,if ,matisse p>tially und]/ood ,giotto & ,mi*elangelo1 ! und]/&+ contribut$ little to 8 art4 ,8 greate/ claim to consid]ation is t he gave pa9t+ its f9al impulse t[>d ab/raction4 ,b 8 canvases1 :ile be+ ae/hetically j1 are n ae/hetically satisfy+1 because 9 composition he nev] p5etrat$ fur!r ?an ! surface4 ,& ev5 on ! surface he did n atta9 to a great] flu5cy ?an t p]mitt$ by p>allelisms & simple oppositions1 al?\gh !re has nev] be5 an arti/ :o m p]fectly adapt$ 8 expression to ! %ape & size ( 8 canvas4 ,t all great arti/s work$ l him f ! /&po9t ( creat+ recognisable =m by ab/ract ?\ght1 does n detract f 8 f9e de/9y4 ,:]e o!r arti/s fail$ to drag art f ! quicks&s ( lit]>y in/antaneity1 ,matisse succe$$4 ,8 evolution 0 direct & logical1 z a close /udy ( 8 "w w %[2 & ^? :o see 9 him an arrivi/e may ) equal ju/ice br+ ! same *>ge aga9/ ,mi*elangelo4 ,8 ae/hetic s\rces & admirations1 ( :i* s mu* has be5 writt51 are important 9 und]/&+ ! g5ealogical f\ndations ( art1 b !y are ( little mom5t 9 ! actual enjoym5t ( 8 pictures4 ,look+ imp>tially at 8 classic influ5ces on ! "o h& & 8 ,p]sian & negro influ5ces on ! o!r1 x is difficult to see j :]e ! b5efits ( ! latt] lie4 ,matisse m]ely %ift$ 8 inspiration f ! greate/ ma/]s ( =m to ! slight] ma/]s--f a well-kn[n & great antiquity to a little-kn[n & less significant "o4 ,h[ev]1 if negro sculpture c help produce a man l ,picasso1 & ! ,p]sian /uffs & enamels "o l ,matisse1 !y s]ve aft] all a high purpose4 ,,xi ,,picasso ,,& ,,cubism ,cubism fir/ & =emo/ is an attempt to make art m arbitr>y 9 its selection ( compositional =ms4 ,9 all anci5t pa9t+ only ! human figure 0 us$ z a basis = organisation4 ,lat] l&scape wid5$ ! scope ( ! pa9t]'s mat]ial possibilities2 b ev5 ! introduction ( ?is new elem5t m]ely ext5d$ ! b\nd>y ( subject-matt]4 ,! ess5ce ( art rema9$ ! same4 ,l&scape p]mitt$ new =ms to be int]wov5 ) ! old ones1 )\t mak+ ! old m pla/ic4 ,! ela/icis+ process 0 :at ! pa9t] _h always desid]at$1 b 8 lit]alness 0 su* t he nev] w5t beyond prim>y di/ortions ( ! human body--di/ortions s small t !y 7 almo/ unnoticeable4 ,) ! ,greeks & ,*9ese ^! de=mations 7 practis$ 9 ord] to beautify ! body's relative proportions2 ) ! ,ea/ ,indians & ,mi*elangelo1 to acc5tuate ! emotion ( =ceful movem5t2 ) ,r5oir1 to express =m fully 9 its relation to ! g5]at+ l9e ( ea* picture2 & ) ,matisse ! di/ortions 7 ! result1 fir/1 ( a reaction aga9/ a hackney$ classic sy/em1 & lat]1 ( a desire to divorce ae/hetic pleasure f m5tal association1 9 o!r words1 to make =m ab/ract r ?an p]sonal4 ,9 him !re is no rhy?mic composition1 & :ile1 z 9 ! case ( ,r5oir1 8 pictures are great z ensembles1 ea* "p ( !m is a sep>ate item :i* does n dep5d1 = appreciation1 on its rapport to ! :ole4 ,8 is an art ( col\r1 ( s5sitive & inspir+ =m 9 two dim5sions--a decorative art ( a high ord]4 ,z su* x is at once a d]ivation ( ,impressionism & a developm5t ( ,impressioni/ic col\r ?r\gh ! *annels ( ta/e4 ,cubism is a f> m arbitr>y art ?an ,matisse's4 ,9 its extreme expression x dep5ds1 n s mu* on ! arti/'s adroitness at int]pret+ nature1 z on 8 ability to express pure ae/hetic emotion 9 its relation to =m--=m be+ us$ "h 9 its ext5d$ s5se to connote ! solidity ( ! entire picture & ! block relation ( ea* "p to ! o!r p>ts4 ,composition prior to ! ,cubi/s _h be5 ! rhy?mic organisation ( a picture's integral p>ts by l9e1 volume1 *i>oscuro & col\r4 ,a totally unrelat$ set ( objective figures or =ms 0 drawn toge!r into an ensemble by ^! ab/ract ae/hetic means4 ,cubism reta9$ ! old] me?ods ( =m & conception1 & add$ to !m ! illu/rative device ( disorganis+ & re>rang+ objectivity s t ! sep>at$ p>ts w\ld int]sect1 ov]lap & p>tly obscure ! image4 ,?us 0 pres5t$ a picture replete ) all aspects ( ! model1 t is1 a picture 9 :i* ! expression pres5t$ n only ! vision ( reality z x discloses itself to our eyes1 b ! vision :i* deliv]s itself to our intellig5ces1 ) its actions & reactions1 its _m & *ang+ mi5s1 its l9e> & volum9\s /ruggles1 its solidity & its transp>5cy4 ,9 ,cubism ! details ( ?is ubiquit\s & omnif>i\s vision are subjugat$ to arbitr>y ord] & express$ 9 tones ( w>m & cold4 ,at ! outset ,cubism 0 a ,dionysian reaction aga9/ ! fl[+ & s(t decoration ( ! s*ools ( ,b\gu]eau & ! ,impressioni/s4 ,! precise & mascul9e m9ds ( a new cycle c\ld n re/ satisfi$ ) ! s+le melody ( _! imm$iate pr$ecessors4 ,c\rbet1 ! ,cubi/s' prototype on ! side ( pa9t+ :i* dealt entirely ) objectivity1 react$ aga9/ correspond+ fem99e t5d5cies 9 ! s*ools ( ,david & ,+res2 & ! decisive bl[ he /ruck 9 #ahej ) 8 ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans _h a psy*ological p>allel 9 ! ,cubi/s' exhibit 9 #aiaa4 ,:ile ,manet seem$ to cont9ue ,c\rbet he 9 reality retrogress$ to a classic prett9ess4 ,8 a*ievem5ts may be comp>$ to ^? ( ! ,orphi/s :o1 :ile seem+ to c>ry on ! pr9ciples ( ,cubism1 nullifi$ ! effect ( t s*ool by ! misapplication ( col\r4 ,cubism itself ignor$ col\r & curv$ l9es4 ,x 0 a fur!r /ep t[>d a m intellectual type ( pa9t+4 ,! mod]n arti/'s m9d1 9 becom+ m self-consci\s1 0 consequ5tly gr[+ m precise 9 its expression4 ,& s9ce ! ,cubi/s 7 ! primitives ( a new era1 x 0 natural t ?is precision %\ld express itself 9 /raight l9es & angul> =ms4 ,! inconsi/5cy ( ^! arti/s lay 9 ! fact t1 :ile _! fir/ desire 0 to make _! art arbitr>y1 !y 7 s preoccupi$ ) ! dynamism ( objectivity t ! ma9 object ( _! "w 0 deputis$4 ,9 ! canvases ( ,picasso's foll[]s naturalism is ! fir/ consid]ation4 ,z a result ! organisation ( emotion-impell+ =m is obscur$4 ,x 0 f ,cezanne t ! ,cubi/s g>n]$ ! great] "p ( _! !ories1 & ev5 ! appe>ance ( _! "w is n unlike 84 ,cezanne realis$ t a m]e imitation ( reality1 no matt] h[ int]e/+1 c\ld nev] set 9 motion ! :eels ( ae/hetic ec/asy2 & s he translat$ nature into a subjective impression ( reality by express+ x 9 a complete ord] :i* 0 itself dynamic4 ,! ,cubi/s1 pr(it+ by 8 discov]ies ( l9e> & tonal modification1 essay$ to f\nd a s*ool on c]ta9 ( 8 bett]-kn[n & m easily grasp$ practices4 ,! _s ( precision1 ! ne$ = a r5ovation1 & ! example ( ,picasso :o at "o p]iod copi$ ! angul>ities ( negro sculpture--all gave mom5tum to ! movem5t4 ,lat] 7 introduc$ ! philosophical reason+s & sci5tific explanations ( :i* !re has rec5tly be5 s mu* discussion4 ,! total abs5ce ( col\r 9 ! ,cubi/s is ascribable to ! same revolt aga9/ prett9ess & ambiguity t made !m alt] _! l9e & =m4 ,!y felt ! subjective solidity ( ,cezanne )\t und]/&+ t x 0 br\ght ab\t by ! use ( col\r ^: emotional possibilities he _h pr(\ndly p5etrat$4 ,9 fact 8 art 0 compos$ entirely ( m9ute *romatic planes :i*1 by _! complete adaptability to a giv5 position 9 space1 produc$ ! int5se/ =m4 ,! ,cubi/s' planes are bas$1 n on col\r1 b on objective =m itself1 & are express$ by tone4 ,9 ?is respect ,cubism is diametrically oppos$ to ! conception ( ,cezanne4 ,) him =m 0 a result ( ! pla/ic employm5t ( col\r4 ,) ! ,cubi/s ev5 tone is subjugat$ to =mal planes4 ,9 !m we d n exp]i5ce ! subjectivity ( emotion :i* c be produc$ alone by col\r4 ,_! pictures repres5t a recognisable solidity :i*1 by an image1 expresses subjective processes4 ,cezanne's simultane\s vision ( reality _h to d purely ) ! mo/ mobile elem5t ( art2 ! ,cubi/s attempt$ to express psy*ological ph5om5a by ! limit$ me?ods ( ! e>ly primitives4 ,_! inability to s\nd 7n 9 !ory b actually7 ! possibilities ( col\r 9 ! creation ( ae/hetic =m1 has caus$ !m to div]ge f ! direct pa? 9 ! developm5t ( means1 & has re/rict$ p]man5tly _! initial desire = conc5trat$ composition4 ,! ,impressioni/s exp]im5t$ 9 a highly dynamic elem5t2 b ! ,cubi/s h only dabbl$ 9 m5tal processes :i*1 ev5 %\ld !y become p]fect$1 c\ld give u only ! sequ5tial vision ( a human action4 ,! ,cubi/ doctr9e embraces no m ?an a side issue 9 an art :i* prim>ily has to d ) ! organisation ( =m4 ,9 ! ef=t ( ! ,cubi/s to create a pure art !y m]ely disguise objectivity by ab/ract ?\ght4 ,?is is by no means ! same z creat+ ab/ract =m--t is1 =m :i* is n rem9isc5t ( a p>ticul> natural object2 & by fail+ 9 ?is !y let pass ! great opportunity ( tak+ ! f9al /ep f ,matisse to purity4 ,!y took only a half /ep1 = 9 _! exultation !y =got ! prec$+ advances 9 composition4 ,9 su* =getfulness !re 0 no?+ unusual4 ,e new movem5t 9 ! progress ( art has ab\t x a c]ta9 isolation ( ambition4 ,! fir/ innovators pu% out ! b\nd>y on "o side2 _! foll[]s1 on ano!r2 & ! f9al expon5ts ( a me?od1 hav+ fully assimilat$ :at has prec$$ !m1 comb9e ! endeav\rs & accompli%m5ts ( _! =]unn]s & g =w>d to new a*ievem5ts4 ,cezanne _h recognis$ t he c\ld nev] r\nd out 8 own cycle4 ,no /ricture c atta* to 8 incomplet5ess3 8 life 0 too %ort = realisation4 ,t ! ,cubi/s did n altoge!r a*ieve _! desire does n detract f ! importance ( _! dep>ture f e/abli%$ prec$5t4 ,_! reaction 0 a salut>y ev5t 9 ! evolution ( mod]n pa9t+4 ,! field ( art 0 be+ ov]run by ! decad5ts ( ,impressionism & ,cezanne1 by ! imitators ( ,t\l\se-,lautrec & ,degas1 by ^? academicians :o foll[ 9 ! wake ( e movem5t long aft] its me?ods h be5 accept$ z vital4 ,^! s*ola/ic m5 7 incorporat+ spots & bright col\rs into _! s*ool-room draw+s :5 ,cubism came =w>d4 ,by its unequivocal expression ( op9ions & by its neat delimitations ( planes x has reveal$ ! futility & pett9ess ( academic alt]ations4 ,besides _! purely psy*ological innovations ! ,cubi/s h a*iev$ all ! ambitions ( ! academies 9 a way s net1 s sure1 s precise1 t !y h r$uc$ ! s*ool1 if n to sil5ce1 at lea/ to ineffectualness4 ,no long] c ! admir]s ( s*ola/ic art /& be=e a canvas exclaim+ on ! feel+1 ! atmosph]e or ! spirituality ( ! "w4 ,"o mu/ n[ use concrete t]ms & speak ( ^? qualities :i* h to d ) pr(\nd ord]2 = al?\gh ! !ories ( ,cubism /ate "o ?+1 ! application ( !m has tak5 ano!r & def9ite ae/hetic =m4 ,9 ! ,cubi/s' "w lies _! greate/ importance4 ,we may )\t loss lay aside _! explanations1 _! manife/os & ! reports ( _! lectures4 ,! idea ( syn!sis 9 pa9t+ _h be5 s ?or\ghly assimilat$ ?r\gh famili>ity ) successive movem5ts t1 ) ! adv5t ( ,cubism1 x 0 an accept$ & unque/ion$ law ( pa9t+4 ,syn!sis _h 9 fact become an almo/ unconsci\s k4 ,+res1 ,daumi]1 ,manet1 ,seurat & ,matisse _h1 9 quick succession1 proclaim$ its value 9 elim9at+ ! unimportant & uness5tial f models4 ,) ,cubism1 z ) ,matisse & ,gaugu91 syn!sis 0 ! supreme ambition--syn!sis :i* _h = its goal ! arti/ic consi/5cy ( all ! picture's qualities4 ,subject-matt]1 col\r & ! me?od ( expression 7 all h>monis$ 9 ,gaugu93 ) him ! syn!sis 0 illu/rative4 ,9 ,matisse x manife/$ itself 9 ! r$uction ( =m & col\r to _! simple/ & mo/ p]sonal expression1 & 0 !re=e a /ep t[>d a pure art4 ,) ,picasso syn!sis w5t /ill fur!r4 ,x became almo/ basic4 ,we "k t ! curv$ l9e /&s = life1 col\r & movem5t2 t ! /raight l9e repres5ts ! dead1 ! sombre & ! /atic4 ,a solid d>k is conducive to peace1 :ile quickly succe$+ light & d>k promote livel9ess4 ,be>+ ^! fundam5tal po/ulates 9 m9d we c easily analyse ,picasso's quality ( syn!sis4 ,! /raight l9e :i* pr$om9ates 9 ,cubism repudiates col\r3--! ,cubi/s 7 n col\ri/s4 ,! curv$ l9e1 :5 pr(\ndly compreh5d$1 expresses movem5t & fluidity2 :5 us$ haphaz>dly m]e prett9ess results4 ,!re are seldom any curves 9 ,cubism1 & !n only = reliev+ ! monotony1 = ! sake ( ornam5t4 ,9 ! ,cubi/s' sc9tillat+ succession ( d>ks & lights1 l a photographic negative ( a ,cezanne or an e>ly ,r5oir1 !re is an unescapable fem99e prett9ess 9 :i* ! tw9kl+ ( tone s]ves ! same purpose z pretty col\r4 ,by _! /raight l9es1 subfuse tones & rigid =ms1 on ! "o h&1 !y a*ieve immobility4 ,by _! lights & d>ks1 _! curves & _! dep5d5ce on nature1 on ! o!r h&1 !y reveal _! emotional k9%ip to ! illu/rative s*ools ( ,:i/l]1 ,fragon>d & ,tiepolo4 ,n[ :5 we comb9e prop]ly ^! two widely sep>at$ aspects ( art--! "o almo/ ,egyptian & ! o!r almo/ ,engli%--we obta9 a comb9ation ( temp]am5tal *>act]i/ics capable ( ! greate/ a*ievem5ts1 = we h br\ght ab\t ! coalition ( ! purely mascul9e & ! purely fem99e4 ,9 ,cubism1 h[ev]1 ^! two aspects are m+l$ disproportionately4 ,! /atic pr$om9ates4 ,! pretty is m]ely sup]impos$ because ( temp]am5tal dictation3 in/ead ( function+1 x only attracts4 ,b ?\gh 9 ,cubism we d n f9d ! p]fect fusion ( ^! creative sex impulses1 ! simultane\s pres5ce ( ! two elem5ts produces nev]!less a fundam5tal syn!sis4 ,9 ord] to br+ ab\t ! greate/ art1 ! =m & ord] 7:i* con/itute ! mascul9e side7 mu/ be all-p]vad+4 ,objective ornam5t & ext]nal beauty 7:i* con/itute ! fem99e side7 mu/ be only ! inspiration to creation4 ,?is is an important pr9ciple1 = all art1 l all life1 falls into ei!r ! mascul9e or ! fem99e category4 ,all p]sonal pref]5ces = c]ta9 =ms ( art are imputable to ! pr$om9ation ( ! male or ! female 9 ! individual4 ,necess>ily all creation is to a c]ta9 ext5t mascul9e--9 x !re has to be ord]2 & by ! pr$om9ation ( ! male or female is meant simply ! acc5tuation ( "o ( ^! qualities 9 _! relative comb9ation 9 ea* ( ! sexes4 ,= in/ance1 %\ld ! fem99e pr$om9ate 9 a man1 ! fact w\ld m]ely indicate t ! p]c5tage ( fem99ity 9 8 bisexuality _h ov]-balanc$ ! normal ratio4 ,decoration1 :i* is an ornam5tal art1 is fem99e1 & x w appeal to m5 :o h a subnormal am\nt ( ! creator 9 !m4 ,! colossally ord]$ art ( a ,rub5s w be und]/ood & enjoy$ only by "o highly capable ( creation1 = 9 ! contemplation & compreh5sion ( a pr(\nd "w ( art ! spectator recon/ructs ! arti/'s m9d aft] 8 own =mula1 & ?us recreates ! "w = himself4 ,t side ( art :i* is ! record+ ( "s emotion ! arti/ has exp]i5c$ s int5sely t x dem&s concrete expression1 is fem99e4 ,x is m]ely an ov]fl[ ( receptivity into objectivity4 ,to ! contr>y1 :5 great art is produc$ x is n dep5d5t on a specific ext]ior impulse4 ,x gr[s ab/ractly out ( a collection ( assimilat$ impressions4 ,:5 ! w dom9ates ! expression1 ^! impressions mu/ take pla/ic =m4 ,! desire to create is 9 itself fem99e4 ,! con/ructive ability is mascul9e4 ,! fir/ desire always is to decorate & beautify1 b ! mascul9e w dictates & rules ! expression4 ,9 fem99e art ! w to co-ord9ate is abs5t4 ,consequ5tly ! expression is only ! direct result ( ! reception4 ,! ,cubi/s realise t ! w mu/ play a l>ge "p 9 pa9t+1 b !y ex]t _! w on ! analysis ( ?\ght r ?an on _! actual productions4 ,! result is t1 :ile _! expression is highly re/ra9$ & reason$1 ! w is ex]cis$ only on ! emotion ( ! receiv$ impression1 & is n manife/$ on _! canvases' surface4 ,9 all _! "w !y are decorators fir/ & significant arti/s aft]w>d4 ,!y belong di/9ctly to ! light] side ( arti/ic tradition4 ,!y are ! lyric poets ( ! pla/ic4 ,?is is m>k$ly true ( ,picasso :o in/igat$ ! movem5t4 ,:5 he fir/ came to ,p>is he ?rew himself into a /yle ( pa9t+ :i* recall$ ,/e9l5 at 8 be/4 ,f ,/e9l5 he w5t to ,t\l\se-,lautrec & ,impressioni/ic col\r4 ,next he did c>efully drawn portraits :i* proclaim$ him a great] ,gaugu94 ,lat] he become infatuat$ ) ! rhy?m & skeleton-l creations ( ,el ,greco4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t he began to d 8 significant "w4 ,8 pictures = ! mo/ "p 7 pa9t$ 9 blue4 ,!y 7 s5sitive to a high degree1 & 71 9 ! sculptural s5se1 sometimes ord]$ into a solid block =m4 ,!n1 adopt+ a r$di% col\r gamut1 he began to create full figures ( nudes1 portraits & animal /udies4 ,at ?is "t he comm5c$ 8 rese>* 9 precise =m4 ,he organis$ copies ( negro sculpture ( :i* he _h he>d mu* f ,matisse1 & x 0 a result ( 8 /udy+ ^! rigid figures t angul>ities began to creep into 8 art4 ,o!r arti/s set to "w along ! same l9es1 & f ! friction ( ideas :i* foll[$ ! !ory ( ,cubism 0 evolv$4 ,picasso's /ill-lives !n became m precise1 m h>d-cut1 m p]sonal1 m completely ord]$4 ,x is f ?is p]iod we receive "s ( 8 greate/ "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,femme ,a ,,la ,,m&ol9e by ,,picasso ,%ortly aft] came ! ,cubi/ !ory ( simultaneity4 ,! au?or%ip ( ?is !ory is 9 d\bt4 ,!re has be5 mu* controv]sy z to :e!r x orig9at$ ) ,picasso or ) "o ( 8 foll[]s4 ,b x 0 /raightway adopt$ by ! entire gr\p & made "o ( ! dom9at+ pr9ciples ( ! movem5t4 ,simultaneity to ^! pa9t]s meant ! comb9$ pres5tation ( a numb] ( aspects ( ! same object f _m diff]5t angles4 ,9 ! visualisation ( an object 9 nature dur+ ! abs5ce ( t object1 we conceive x1 n only z a silh\ette or z a =m ) ?ree dim5sions1 b z a cong]ies ( silh\ettes :i*1 :5 imag9$ simultane\sly1 con/itute ! appe>ance ( ! object f e kn[n angle4 ,9 %ort1 our m9ds envelop x & all its attributes at ! same in/ant4 ,su* a vision is ! result ( collect$ & conc5trat$ memory4 ,9 a desire to dis>m criticism ! ,cubi/s (f]$ z a !ory ! picturisation ( ?is multilat]al vision2 b 9 reality x 0 little m ?an an excuse to make ! utilisation ( natural =ms m arbitr>y ?an 9 ! case ( ,matisse1 ,cezanne & ,gaugu9 & also to rid !mselves entirely ( ! illu/rative ob/acle4 ,_! +ra9$ weakness lay 9 t !y did n possess suffici5t g5ius to ali5ate !mselves entirely f docum5t & to create new ab/ract compositions4 ,nor did _! in/9ct p]mit !m to ?r[ docum5t aside :5 !y s5s$ _! inability to replace x ) some?+ m vital4 ,_! _s ( revolution work$ on ! =m :i* illu/ration w\ld take1 r ?an on ! discont9uance ( illu/ration4 ,b ev5 9 ?is attitude !y m>k$ a decid$ progress1 = :ile 9 ! pa9t+s ( _! pr$ecessors ! disposition ( l9e & =m _h made a unity ( _m sep>at$ figures1 ^! figures1 ev5 to a m9d unusually free f ! ta9t ( anecdote & objectivity 9 art1 pres5t$ !mselves sep>ately z integ]s ( a :ole4 ,! ,cubi/s1 by break+ up a model into p>ts :i* sep>ately bore little resemblance to nature1 prov$ t !y n only recognis$ ! dem&s ( pure organisation b t !y knew ^? dem&s c\ld nev] be met s long z !re 7 recognisable objects 9 a pa9t+4 ,! pres5tation ( a nude or a l&scape f _m diff]5t viewpo9ts 0 9 itself no m important ?an ! me?ods ( ! ,impressioni/s4 ,inde$ ! pleasure d]iv$ f s con/ruct+ a picture is simil> to ! pleasure d]iv$ f copy+ light4 ,x repres5ts ! ne>e/ approa* ( ! en?usia/ic pa9t] ( =m to ! en?usia/ic pa9t] ( light4 ,!y are bo? int]e/$ 9 record+ a r puzzl+ & int]e/+ ph5om5on3 ! "o is aft] t :i* creates ! impressions ( =m2 ! o!r1 t :i* creates ! impressions ( col\r4 ,bo?1 9 ! broad s5se1 d]ive ! same enjoym5t 9 deciph]+ ! "w aft] x is f9i%$4 ,! "o records only broad waves ( sc9tillat+ col\rs ) no dem>cation ( silh\ettes2 & ^! col\rs gradually resolve !mselves into a sunny & ambigu\s l&scape4 ,! o!r makes a numb] ( broad planes ( br[n & :ite :i*1 :5 dilig5tly /udi$ 9 _! p>ts1 become ! angul> repres5tation ( wat]1 %ips1 sky-l9es :i* run into & ?r\gh h\ses1 trees :i* obscure ne>-by objects1 & h\ses :i* melt into di/ant skies4 ,bo? s*ools ( pa9t+ are impressioni/ic2 ea* treats ( exactly :at ! o!r neglects4 ,no arti/ z yet has se5 ! di/9ct advantage ( unit+ ! two me?ods4 ,cezanne might be sugge/$ z hav+ approa*$ ?is alliance1 b 8 means 7 too pr(\nd = him to be l$ into portray+ by concrete symbols 8 impressions ( a model4 ,9 pa9t+ ! envelop+ m5tal vision ( a model1 h[ev]1 ! ,cubi/s actually fail$ 9 ! syn*ronism = :i* !y /rove4 ,9 reality !y ext5d$ ! effect ( _! pictures into "t m ?an ev] be=e4 ,to grasp _! illu/rative import1 long & ardu\s se>* mu/ be made4 ,:ile _! canvases pres5t a simultane\s vision1 ea* picture z a :ole is incapable ( creat+ a unifi$ impression4 ,a ,cubi/ pa9t+ is1 let u say1 l ! mom5t>y bl>e ( a hundr$ musical in/rum5ts all ( :i* play consecutive b>s4 ,by approa*+ ea* p]=m] 9 ord] & /udy+ 8 p>ticul> notes1 until e musical detail is le>n$1 we might intellectually con/ruct f our memory an impression ( a relat$ musical composition4 ,b %\ld ! bl>e be repeat$1 ev5 aft] our rese>*1 ! music's mean+ w\ld be no cle>] ?an be=e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if1 hav+ fir/ he>d ! composition 9 its natural developm5t1 we _h /udi$ its p>ts & motifs & !n he>d x repeat$ sequ5tially1 a great] enjoym5t & compreh5sion w\ld result4 ,9 break+ up nature1 ei!r = ! sake ( ext5d+ ! ae/hetic appreciation into "t l music1 or = simultaneity ( pres5tation1 all ! p>ts mu/ answ] to an organisation2--9 ! fir/ case1 s t1 aft] ! spectator's fir/ fleet+ vision ( ! :ole1 8 eye w be c>ri$ f "o "p to ano!r by ! rhy?mic balance ( volume1 l9e> opposition & h>mony ( col\r2 & 9 ! second case1 s t ! canvas w be an int]dep5d5t block-manife/ation4 ,9 con/ruct+ =mal planes ) def9ite tones ^: values are me*anical & absolute1 ! ,cubi/s h miss$ t possible subjectivity ( movem5t :i*1 9 its highe/ degree1 col\r alone c give4 ,!y h con/ruct$ only primitively ord]$ bas-reliefs ea* plane & l9e ( :i* has a di/9ct direction4 ,& ?is direction1 no matt] :at is add$ to or subtract$ f ! "w1 w rema9 ! same4 ,! planes are consequ5tly /atic & absolute4 ,9 ! great art ( ,cezanne !re is only a relative absolutism4 ,by any alt]ation 9 "o ( 8 pictures1 ! entirety is %att]$3 ! direction ( ea* plane & l9e is *ang$ to concur ) ! ne$s ( a diff]5t ord]4 ,?is is because ,cezanne's "w possesses ! poise :i* is dem&$ 9 ! highe/ art4 ,& ?is poise is :at ,cubism1 ) its rigid l9es & planes1 has entirely miss$4 ,illu/ratively ! ,cubi/s' conception 0 new1 compositionally x 0 old2 & an art _c be significantly r5ovat$ save f ! bottom upw>d4 ,! f\ndation ( all art is composition1 & ! only means :i* c be accept$ z vital are ^? :i* increase ! arti/'s p[] to express t :i* is m inh]5t 9 pa9t+ ?an 9 any ( ! o!r arts1 namely3 rhy?mic =m 9 ?ree dim5sions4 ,t ! ,cubi/s fail$ to develop su* means may be p]ceiv$ by comp>+ ! compositions ( ,picasso's r$ p]iod1 :i* 7 b slightly cubic & :i* conta9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( arbitr>y =m1 ) 8 late & :olly cubic black-&-:ite draw+s & pa9t+s su* z are se5 at ,kahnweil]'s back ( ! ,madele9e4 ,! latt] are almo/ :olly flat4 ,8 ,femme a la ,m&ol9e m>ks ! transition f ! e>ly p]iod to ! late "o4 ,9 all 8 pictures "o f9ds a *>m+ rhy?m ( lights & d>ks & a slight compreh5sion ( surface =m4 ,b he nev] goes v deep4 ,ev5 9 8 sculptur$ heads1 :ile !re is ord]1 !re is no =m 9 ! compositional s5se4 ,to ascribe ,picasso's ,cubism to s *ildi% an impulse z a desire to squ>e an academic draw+ is bo? untrue & unju/4 ,"s h po9t$ to ,du]] z 8 arti/ic =be> m]ely because ,du]] once describ$ a numb] ( curves :i* he said c\ld be made into a human body & drew a block-diagram ( box-l =ms :i* he said 0 ! basis = ! body's con/ruction4 ,b no relation%ip exi/s betwe5 ^! two arti/s4 ,cubism's fir/ consid]ation 0 to cov] ! surfaces ( its canvases ) =m1 ?us do+ away ) ! empty spaces s preval5t 9 all art works1 spaces :i* ,cezanne left blank4 ,to accompli% ?is logically x 0 necess>y ei!r to introduce sup]flu\s figures1 or to /ret* ! ones already pres5t into impossible di/ortions4 ,s9ce ! elim9ation ( all uness5tials 0 ! keynote ( ! day1 ,picasso decid$ to make multiplex 8 ess5tials4 ,h]e) 0 born ! ,cubi/ conception ( break+ up ! model = ! atta9m5t ( a m complete "w & "o 9 :i* !re w\ld be no dead planes4 ,at fir/ an ext5sive l9e> direction1 :i* />t$ at ! l[] frame1 0 c>ri$ up into ! backgr\nd by ! dem>cation ( a %ad[ or an object1 = ! purpose ( hold+ tightly toge!r two or m =ms4 ,lat]1 9 ord] to facilitate ?is proc$ure ( multiply+ _! models1 ! ,cubi/s began to walk r\nd !m4 ,?is process un*a9$ !m f ! slav]y to a s+le model & f ! giv5 cont\r ( an absolute subject4 ,at ! same "t x p]mitt$ !m a fanta/ically arbitr>y composition1 & made _! expression m dep5d5t on ! p]sonality ( ! arti/1 & less cont+5t on preconceiv$ ideas1 ?an ev] be=e4 ,cubism express$ a laudable t5d5cy t[>d an ari/ocratic vision z oppos$ to ! popul> vision ( reality4 ,its pictures !re=e became d\bly complex1 = 9 ! contemplation ( ! picturisation ( our m5tal process1 ano!r process is />t$ :i* is f> m complicat$ ?an ! fir/4 ,h]e9 we h an explanation = ! fact t ,cubism is incompreh5sible to ! untutor$ p]son :o reg>ds art z an imitation ( nature4 ,! v ^w =m is ae/hetically mean+less to ! av]age spectator4 ,9 ord] to exp]i5ce its mean+1 aside f organisation1 "o's att5tion has to be giv5 ov] to ! object's weight1 its =ce1 its circumf]5tial volume4 ,a =m 9 a picture _c be consid]$ m]ely z to its employm5t & its utilit>ian de/9y1 or f ! /&po9t ( "o's exp]i5ce ) x4 ,to ! great arti/ an object exi/s z a volume ) :i* to fill a giv5 space4 ,he completely =gets its raison d'etre 9 life1 & views x only z a means = tight5+ a picture's ord]4 ,to ?is extreme ( pure arti/ic conception ! ,cubi/s nev] atta9$4 ,& :ile ,cezanne advanc$ f ,c\rbet's surface realism to ! realism ( causes1 ! ,cubi/s 7 unable to progress along simil> l9es4 ,!y simply translat$ ab/raction into t]ms ( concrete expression4 ,! pr(\nd reasons = dynamism 9 art 7 left unt\*$ by !m4 ,!y endeav\r$ to portray objectively an ab/ract process1 expect+ its m]e portrayal to be dynamic4 ,! dynamic1 h[ev]1 _c be r5d]$ by imitation4 ,x is z impossible ( atta9m5t by ?is me?od z 9 ! danc+-girl canvases ( ,degas4 ,beh9d ! emotional p[] ( nature !re is a great ab/ract =ce2 & ! effect ( dynamism c be got only :5 ?is =ce is express$4 ,!n ! result is a natural outgr[? ( a cause4 ,o!rwise we h only a deta*$ effect :i* does n lead u back into ! und]curr5ts ( causation4 ,:5 a ,cubi/ picture is int]e/+ x w at mo/ make u puzzle ov] ! application ( its !ories2 x c nev] move u ae/hetically by ! %e] p[] ( its me?ods4 ,! "o dynamic elem5t :i* ! ,cubi/s h 9 common ) ,cezanne--namely3 ! modification ( l9es & =ms ?r\gh contact ) o!r l9es & =ms--!y h nullifi$ by con/ruct+ ) rigid tones ! planes :i* ! l9es delimit1 !reby mak+ _! planes froz5 & immovable4 ,because ignorant ( ! functionality ( col\r ! ,cubi/s 7 unable to pres5t1 at "o & ! same "t1 p]fect mobility1 plan> solidity & indef9ite dep?4 ,z a result ( too mu* /udy ( ,cezanne's & ,el ,greco's composition & too little /udy ( ,mi*elangelo & ,rub5s1 !y fail$ to a*ieve1 ev5 ) ! great arbitr>9ess & conv5i5ce ( _! means1 a pr(\nd composition :i* is a rhy?mic ord] ( volume1 z di/+ui%$ f a simple organisation ( p>ts4 ,_! accompli%m5ts d n realise ! promises ( _! programme because _! !ories 7 too inflexible4 ,cubism 0 too tightly b\nd by rigid sy/ems & me?ods to produce pla/ically significant results4 ,! ,cubi/s' greate/ apport to art 7n 9 !ory b 9 a*ievem5t7 is _! almo/ total abolition ( ! pa9t]'s slav]y to nature4 ,x 0 b a /ep f ,matisse to ! complete elim9ation ( recognisable objects1 & ?\gh ,cubism did n cov] ! entire di/ance1 x nev]!less made an advance t[>d t pure expression :i* ,cezanne saw 0 inevitable4 ,ev5 today ! foll[]s ( ?is s*ool are beg9n+ to realise _! e>ly mi/akes & to ?r[ (f _! self-impos$ re/rictions4 ,!y are laun*+ =? into col\r & are seek+ expression 9 purely arbitr>y =m4 ,b ^! new developm5ts h n yet be5 productive ( a new arti/ic wor?4 ,inde$1 x is d\btful if !y w lead to important results s long z ! geometrical phase ( ,cubism is adh]$ to1 & s long z ! ,cubi/s ignore ! dynamic possibilities ( col\r4 ,9 its pres5t /atus ,cubism c only cont9ue /riv+ t[>d a /yle t goes deep] ?an tonal prett9ess & lyric immobility4 ,already ,picasso has pass$ out ( pa9t+ altoge!r4 ,an arti/ ) 8 extraord9>y gift to d any?+ sup]ficially well c\ld n rema9 an*or$ to an idea aft] ! novelty ( its me?od _h worn (f4 ,he is n a man :o is ! slave ( ?\ght1 b r an ob/9ate arti/ ) a sp>k ( g5ius :o has pass$ ?r\gh _m diff]5t /ages ) a rapidity born ( a/\nd+ dext]ity & clev]ness4 ,_m ( 8 e>ly female heads rival 9 %e] classic beauty ! be/ ( ! ,r5aissance pa9t]s4 ,"s ( 8 p5-&-ink draw+s are ! mo/ s5sitive ( mod]n times4 ,!re are c>icatures done by him :i* closely approa* ! fantasy ( a ,goya4 ,inde$ x may be ju/ly said t he is z great an illu/rator z ,raphael4 ,& 9 ?is analogy lie bo? 8 glory & 8 limitation4 ,l ,raphael he lacks t pr(\nd p5etration ( ext]iors :i* w\ld p]mit him a compreh5sion ( 8 great] influ5ces--( ,el ,greco1 = in/ance4 ,b1 ) a glance1 he c s\nd ! dep?s ( a ,t\l\se-,lautrec1 a ,/e9l5 or a piece ( negro sculpture4 ,picasso's inability to conceive two elem5ts at once & to con/ruct a complicat$ developm5t ( composition1 is exemplifi$ 9 8 e>li] "w1 fir/1 by 8 adh]5ce to c]ta9 s+le col\rs at diff]5t /ages ( 8 c>e]1 secondly1 by ! extreme simplicity ( 8 circus folk1 & ?irdly1 by 8 figure compositions :i*1 ?\gh !y are nev] t$i\s or dull & possess an almo/ n]v\s s5sibilite1 are limit$ to "o or two human =ms4 ,aga9 ,picasso's limitation ( compositional conception is atte/$ to by 8 /ubborn use ( br[n & :ite 9 8 late/ ,cubi/ pictures1 by 8 employm5t ( l9e alone 9 ! draw+s ( 8 ar*itectural-plan /age1 & by 8 application ( objects at h& to ! clay blocks :i* m>k 8 late/ metamorphosis4 ,b no matt] :at 8 m$ium or /yle1 he rema9s ess5tially un*ang$4 ,9 all 8 "w is felt ! sup]ficial lightness ( "o :o conceives ord] only z an ornam5t to decoration & :o is int]e/$ 9 ?ree-dim5sional =m m]ely z an aft]-?\ght4 ,8 sculpture is b 8 pa9t+ 9 a solid] m$ium4 ,x is brok5 up into planes & organis$ z to ea* cont\r 9 exactly ! same mann] z is 8 "w 9 oils4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,picasso1 ! sculptor1 & ,matisse1 ! sculptor1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a man :o has a slight g5ius = rhy?m & a block ord]1 & "o :o has a slight g5ius = *>act]isation & a p]fect ensemble4 ,! art ( ,picasso1 hav+ to d ) =m z decoration1 is admirably adapt$ to sculpture4 ,! art ( ,matisse1 be+ flat & deal+ ) col\r z decoration1 is inexpressible 9 clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fumeur ,,et ,,paysage by ,,leg] ,f]n& ,leg]1 ) ! exception ( ,picasso1 is ! mo/ g5u9ely tal5t$ arti/ ( ! ,cubi/ movem5t4 ,8 "w at fir/ 0 mu* less radical ?an t ( 8 confr]es & gave great] evid5ce ( dep? because x _h nev] completely %ak5 (f p]spective4 ,8 canvases1 ,les ,toits & ,maisons et ,fumees1 repres5t little m ?an a highly arti/ic angul>isation ( a subject :i*1 be+ angul> 9 itself1 l5ds itself admirably to ,cubi/ic treatm5t4 ,leg]'s me?od is to place 9 ! =egr\nd l>ge planes :i* s]ve z a frame = ! actual picture :i* is se5 betwe5 !m z ?r\gh a tunnel4 ,by ?is device he creates a div]sity ( =m & ) x a recognisable dep?4 ,8 pa9t at fir/ 0 light 9 tone1 b is n[ tak+ on col\r4 ,s9ce 8 fir/ ,cubi/ exhibits he has made a logical progress 9 rhy?mic conception1 & if 8 pa/ developm5t c be assum$ z a crit]ion ( ! future x is safe to prophesy t ev5tually he w be ! mo/ significant man ( ! orig9al gr\p4 ,alb]t ,gleizes1 ,jean ,metz+]1 ,m>cel ,du*amp1 ,georges ,braque & ,francis ,picabia are all prom95t figures 9 ! ,cubi/ movem5t4 ,gleizes manife/$ 8 fir/ ,cubi/ t5d5cies by giv+ =m a solid angul>ity1 !reby mak+ x precise4 ,8 canvases are devoid ( int]e/ because s slightly creative4 ,8 well-kn[n ,l',homme au ,balcon appe>s to u today almo/ ,futuri/ic 9 conception4 ,9 fact1 x 0 expos$ at ! ,salon d',automne 9 #aiab "o ye> aft] ! ,futuri/ %[2 & :5 we comp>e x ) 8 e>ly & less significant ,les ,baigneuses1 ) :i* x 0 hung1 x gives ! impression ( hav+ be5 ! result ( a sudd5 & en?usia/ic inspiration f ! new] m54 ,lat] 8 "w grew broad] & simpl]1 b 9 x !re is little or no composition4 ,ev5 ! ord] is t ( ! /raight l9e4 ,metz+] is a bett] arti/4 ,9 him is a great] ord]1 al?\gh1 z 9 ,gleizes1 x is produc$ by ! /raight l9e4 ,dur+ 8 arti/ic beg9n+s he 0 "u ! sway ( negro sculpture & pa9t$ 9 small planes ( light & d>k4 ,lat]1 turn+ f ! influ5ce ( negro antiquity1 he direct$ 8 tal5t on nature & began to int]pret =m into angul>ities4 ,8 ,la ,femme au ,*eval1 done 9 #aiab1 0 a di/9ct /ep1 bo? z to =m & composition1 9 advance ( ! naturali/ic vision2 & 8 ,le ,port is "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( ! ,cubi/ !ory ( syn*ron\s picturisation & int]p5etrat+ l9es & masses4 ,du*amp1 a slight] tal5t ?an ei!r ,leg] or ,gleizes1 is ! ,:i/l] ( ! movem5t4 ,9 8 pictures are less =m1 less composition & less compreh5sion ( volume ?an 9 any o!r ,cubi/ "w except t ( ,juan ,gris ^: le?>gic canvases h n ev5 ! int]e/ ( an ,aime ,morot4 ,braque has add$ no?+ to ,cubism4 ,he foll[$ ,picasso closely1 & 8 :ole creative impetus seems d]iv$ f ! latt]'s canvases4 ,picabia1 despite 8 popul>ity1 is b a second-rate ,cubi/4 ,he 0 quick to grasp ! fact t ! ,cubi/s 7 work+ away f illu/ration1 & attempt$ to /ep beyond !m4 ,:]e !y _h endeav\r$ to br+ ab\t ! precise /ylisation ( =m1 he m]ely dealt 9 ribbon-l pat*es ( col\r :i* 7 )\t cont\r1 %ape1 proportion or volume4 ,8 canvases :]e9 _m ( ^! /range amorph\s ha*ures are gr\p$1 h a highly biz>re appe>ance b are only remotely intelligible4 ,he us$ almo/ mono*romatic s*emes1 z did 8 ma/] ,picasso1 & cont9u$ ?is /yle ( "w until 8 fell[ ,cubi/s1 by dilig5t rese>* & s]i\s /udy1 _h approa*$ ! ab/ract appe>ance ( 8 surfaces4 ,picabia !n f\nd a new impetus 9 ! works ( ! ,futuri/s--an impetus t[>d movem5t express$1 n by bodies1 b by l9e4 ,?is ,futuri/ influ5ce result$ 9 8 mak+ flat pictures ( _m %>ply def9$ silh\ettes t9t$ r$1 gre51 blue & grey4 ,8 l9es s]ve only to acc5tuate ! *aos ( 8 ensemble1 = 9 8 "w !re is no def9ite conception ( ! :ole4 ,cubism's possibilities z a dynamic illu/rative art h nev] be5 adequately exhau/$1 &1 s9ce ! angul> mode is rapidly disappe>+ z a result ( new] & m vital visions1 !y probably nev] w4 ,picasso 0 its high prie/ up to two ye>s ago1 at :i* "t col\r1 com+ back on ! wave ( a c\nt]-revolution1 ?rew mo/ ( ! ,cubi/s into its application4 ,rob]t ,delaunay 0 responsible = ?is reaction4 ,e>ly 9 #aiab he came =w>d ) a v l>ge canvas entitl$ ,ville de ,p>is1 ^: surface 0 brok5 up into _m angul> planes aft] ! ,cubi/ fa%ion4 ,b in/ead ( depict+ =ms & =mal relations1 ! picture 0 pa9t$ 9 greys & high col\rs solely z a means ( surface fill+4 ,its cont\rs recall$ ,el ,greco despite _! be+ disguis$ by triangul> dislocations4 ,! picture repres5t$ ?ree mammo? ,graces /&+ be=e a di/ant ,p>is l&scape1 & s transp>5t & e!real 0 x t x seem$ z ?\gh a brea? c\ld h disp]s$ x into mi/4 ,x possess$ ! delicate lovel9ess ( a butt]fly1 & ! eye1 9 runn+ ov] its glitt]+ & pretty array ( col\rs1 0 fasc9at$ z 9 ! contemplation ( a kaleidoscope4 ,b ! canvas1 :ile provok+ a di/9ct visual pleasure1 fail$ to ar\se any ae/hetic enjoym5t4 ,delaunay's ,l',equipe de ,c>diff ! foll[+ ye> 0 equally unemotional4 ,fundam5tally ?is picture 0 ! same z 8 ,ville de ,p>is1 ?\gh treat$ diff]5tly z to surface4 ,! same up-%oot+ type ( svelte beauty z =m]ly bodi$ =? 9 8 ?ree ,graces 0 "h repeat$ 9 ! bodies ( ! a?letes1 b !re 0 9 addition a v slight surface rhy?m2 & ! col\r1 because its application 0 broad]1 _h a great] fasc9ation4 ,9 8 ,ville de ,p>is1 n d>+ to pa9t a naturally drawn nude ) ! col\rs 8 s5se ( prett9ess & ornam5t dictat$1 he fragm5tis$ ! surface by luxat+ ! l9es4 ,?us1 :ile ! s5sitive cont\r 0 reta9$1 ! picture appe>$ z if view$ ?r\gh a polygonal prism4 ,9 ! second canvas ?is artifice = ! sake ( *>m 0 disc>d$4 ,! play]s 7 dress$ 9 solid col\rs ( bright pigm5t2 ! sky 0 blue-violet2 ! ,eiffel t[]1 em95tly appreciable1 /ood to ! "r2 d[n ! c5tre ( ! canvas 0 a l>ge affi*e 9 yell[2 & ov]head so>$ an a]oplane4 ,! transition f a hackney$ !me to a mod]n "o 0 ! result ( ! arti/'s desire to pass beyond ! me?ods ( ! day to m vigor\s ones4 ,be=e ,delaunay's decisive "w 0 done he _h be5 influ5c$ by ! ,neo-,impressioni/s1 ,cezanne1 ! ,cubi/s &1 9 8 two m5tion$ e>ly works1 by ! ,impressioni/s4 ,inde$ ^! pictures are ! expression ( ,impressioni/ me?ods broad5$ & ext5d$ to suit ! dim5sions ( 8 canvases4 ,8 cityscapes ) ! ,eiffel t[] z ! pr9cipal object are int]e/+ ?\gh n pr(\nd1 & su* canvases z ! ,r\te de ,laon & ,les ,t\rs are s da9ty !y seem brea!d onto ! canvas4 ,he is ess5tially a decorator 9 t he works always 9 two dim5sions4 ,?is surface quality ent]s into all art1 b 9 itself x is nev] significant4 ,only :5 x is a result ( ord]$ pla/icity does x h p[] to move u4 ,9 ,delaunay1 h[ev]1 !re exi/s no fundam5tal ord]4 ,consequ5tly 8 p[] is /rictly limit$4 ,8 desire is to make decoration :i* w be pr(\nd1 in/ead ( pr(\nd composition :i* w result 9 decoration4 ,by ?us rev]s+ ! natural ord]1 effects are consid]$ be=e causes2 & only by ! dynamism ( causes c we be made to feel beauty4 ,beauty su* z 8 is m]ely prett9ess3 x is only ! objective mask ( beauty1 & is ( no m ae/hetic importance ?an a view ( nature4 ,! true beauty ( a "w ( art is subjective2 x is ! effect ( "o's hav+ s5s$ ! accumulat$ & sequ5tial aspects ( co-ord9at$ expression4 ,h]e9 lies ! diff]5ce betwe5 ae/hetic emotion & ! pleasure ar\s$ by a sunset1 a /age sett+ or a dramatic /ory4 ,:5 "o is able to p5etrate f9ally into art1 nei!r dol\r nor depression results1 b always a feel+ ( exultation & joy1 = by "o's intellectual compreh5sion "o has be5 physically ar\s$ by a dynamic =ce1 n m]ely mov$ by a sc5e or /ory :i* sets 9 motion ! associative processes4 ,to ! inadequate compreh5sion ( ?is psy*ological tru? is attributable ! failure ( ! ,cubi/s & ( ,delaunay4 ,! latt] /rove to pres]ve ! individuality ( 8 "w "u ! "n ( ,orphism1 & lat] "u ! designation ( ,simultaneism4 ,b 8 temp]am5tal k9%ip to ,picasso & ! ,cubi/s is too obvi\s to be d5i$ by nom5clature4 ,ev5 8 late/ "w1 :ile m ab/ract & m lum9\s1 is at mo/ secessioni/ic4 ,8 canvas hung 9 ! ,salon des ,indep5dants 9 #aiad 0 ,cubism translat$ into light col\rs & twi/$ into curves & circles4 ,delaunay's wife1 ,madame ,delaunay-,t]k1 foll[s him closely 9 inspiration & application1 b h] pictures are less ord]$ ?an 84 ,! ,am]ican1 ,bruce1 once an imitator ( ,matisse & lat] ( ,cezanne1 has jo9$ ! ,simultanei/ ranks2 & ,fro/1 ano!r ,am]ican1 is an ard5t disciple ( ,delaunay4 ,! or?odox ,cubi/s _h pass$ col\r by1 b its reappe>ance 9 ! ,orphi/s-,simultanei/s 0 a significant augury4 ,?\gh x 0 n und]/ood by !m z an elem5t capable ( organic function+1 its m]e pres5ce 0 an inspiration & a call to all g5u9e arti/s to p5etrate its mean+ 9 relation to ! int5sification ( =m4 ,,xii ,,futurism ,! dramatic enhancem5t ( pa9t+ by l9e s well und]/ood by ! anci5ts1 & ! lit]>y int5sification ( subject-matt] by col\r =e%ad[$ by ! primitives & made m consci\s by ,delacroix1 rea*$ _! highe/ developm5t 9 ! !ories ( ,k&9sky & ! ,futuri/s4 ,) ,delacroix's comm5ts conc]n+ ! h>monis+ ( l9e & col\r ) subject & ,seurat's & ,signac's subsequ5t add5da to ^! comm5ts1 began sci5tific obs]vation 9 pa9t+4 ,s long z ^! !ories rema9$ second>y to ! great tru?s ( composition !y 7 admissible1 because !y _h to d only ) ! unimportant ornam5tation ( an ae/hetic organisation4 ,b :51 z 9 ,k&9sky & ! ,futuri/s1 !y became ! all 9 all ( ! arti/'s ambitions1 !y ceas$ to produce pa9t+1 & gave bir? only to bad music1 z 9 ! ,russian1 & to bad poetry1 z 9 ! ,italians4 ,b :ile ! ,futuri/s' "w _h little to comm5d x to ! discrim9at+ spectator1 _! ideas 7 int]e/+ & inspir+1 & x is f _! manife/os t has come :at little influ5ce !y h ex]t$4 ,_! pictures are nei!r pretty nor agreeable1 :ile ,k&9sky's1 to ! contr>y1 possess da9ty & pleas+ traits4 ,9 bo? cases ! pictures are puzzles to be deciph]$ at l5g?3 !y are expressions ( moods br\ght ab\t by half veil+ reality & by mak+ symbolically concrete an ab/ract =ce or cause4 ,9 music :]e ! =m is an ab/ract result ( concrete causes & 9 lit]ature :]e ! =m is :olly ab/ract & repres5t$ by symbols1 moods c be easily express$1 = !y are ! natural outgr[? ( ! m$ia ( ^! two arts4 ,b 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 :i* are ! visual arts :]e9 ! =m itself is concrete1 emotion c be provok$ only by a pla/ic poise ( subjective weights4 ,! balance & opposition ( su* weights or volumes :5 rhy?mically organis$ give rise to complete ae/hetic satisfaction & eng5d] a feel+ ( f9ality :i* encompasses bo? l9e & col\r4 ,! ,futuri/s1 z did ,delacroix & ,seurat1 c\nt on =ce-l9es to express an emotion1 !reby br&+ !mselves two-dim5sional arti/s4 ,& _! desire to repres5t an emotion ( objectivity on canvas places !m at once 9 ! ranks ( illu/rators4 ,! highe/ art has no?+ to d ) objective reality :e!r z a spectacle or z a means to s5sation4 ,x is true t pa9t+1 9 becom+ pure1 w ev5tually incorporate ! associative emotions1 b ^! emotions w be ! psy*ological results ( ab/ract =m1 n memorial exp]i5ces produc$ by cognitive objects4 ,& ! l9e1 ( :i* we h he>d s mu*1 w !n become a direction & equality ( pure =m2 x w no long] be simply an indication on a flat surface by means ( a m>k4 ,! ,futuri/s did n /rive = purity4 ,r did !y emphasise an irrelevant side ( pa9t+4 ,!y decl>$ !mselves ! r5ovators ( subject-matt]4 ,_! :ole ambition work$ t[>d t end2 & x is f t /&po9t !y mu/ be judg$4 ,9 arriv+ at _! conclusions _m necessities ( ae/hetic emotion 7 s5s$4 ,_! mo/ important /atem5t1 & "o :i*1 because ( ! de>? ( significant art criticism1 _h n previ\sly be5 set d[n1 is t ! p]son :o contemplates a picture %\ld n feel himself a m]e obs]v] ( ! ev5ts tak+ place 9 ! pa9t$ "w1 b "o ( ! pr9cipal actors 9 ! canvas4 ,9 illu/ration su* empa?y is impossible unless ! "w is :olly & ultimately syn!sis$ z to volume1 col\r1 l9e1 direction1 size & subject4 ,no su* "w has ev] be5 produc$ because all ! dramatic uses ( ^! elem5ts h nev] be5 und]/ood by "o man4 ,t !re are hundr$s ( canvases :i* entra9 u into _! ramifications is indisputable1 b ! ae/hetic emotion we feel 9 !m has to d ) =mal l9e alone1 n ) ! p]fect concord ( l9e1 =m & subject4 ,m>9etti & 8 gr\p h /riv5 e>ne/ly to accompli% ?is difficult feat1 b 9 e in/ance h fail$4 ,! explanation ( _! !ories has f> m to d ) ! emotion _! pictures ar\se 9 u1 ?an has ! actual application ( ^! !ories to canvas4 ,!y /ate t p]p5dicul>1 undulat+ & worn-out l9es atta*$ to holl[ bodies express languor & disc\ragem5t2 t confus$1 som]sault+ l9es1 /raight or curv$1 conf\nd$ into sugge/$ ge/ures ( appeal or ha/e1 express ! *aotic agitation ( s5tim5ts2 t horizontal1 j]ky l9es :i* brutally cut into semi-obscur$ faces1 & bits ( brok51 irregul> l&scape give u ! s5sation ( "o dep>t+ on a j\rney4 ,b :ile all ?is may be true1 x has no?+ to d ) ! ae/hetic emotion :i* 9 pa9t+ gr[s entirely out ( ! dynamic use ( ! elem5ts inh]5t 9 t art4 ,! desire ( _m mod]n pa9t]s & !ori/s to introduce into _! own art emotions d]iv$ f ! o!r arts results1 fir/1 f ! mod]n ambition to int5sify ea* ( ! arts1 & secondly1 f c]ta9 obs]vations 9 ae/hetic fundam5tals1 :i* h l$ arti/s little by little t[>d a vague realisation t ! basis ( all ! arts is id5tical4 ,b 9 ?is syn!sis ( ! arts !re is no?+ new4 ,! ,futuri/s1 9 attempt+ to fuse poetry & pa9t+1 are _m decades too late to lay claim to orig9ality4 ,num]\s attempts--all ( !m failures--h be5 made along simil> l9es4 ,wagn]'s 0 ! mo/ conspicu\s4 ,!n !re 7 ,sadiki*i ,h>tmann1 ,madame ,m>y ,hallock1 ,r5e de ,ghil1 ,ar?ur ,rimbaud & rec5tly ,alex&] ,scriab9e1 all ( :om comm+l$ ! diff]5t arts 9 an attempt to produce int5sity4 ,comm5dable z ^! ef=ts = a hybrid expression may be1 !y are a futile exp5diture ( en]gy until ! arts h be5 m precisely und]/ood2 & x is wor? not+ t ^? :o h tri$ to coalesce !m h be51 9 ne>ly e in/ance1 ! ones :o und]/& none ( !m pr(\ndly4 ,! ,futuri/s prove no exception4 ,_! misappreh5sion ( pa9t+ is analog\s to t ( ,degas :o1 9 pictur+ ! dance1 imag9$ t ! spectator1 by contemplat+ its /atic repres5tations1 w\ld exp]i5ce its rhy?m4 ,! emotion ( movem5t :i* ! ,futuri/s wi% to call up c nev] be produc$ by disord]$ & tumbl+ l9es4 ,! effect is *aos4 ,movem5t gr[s out ( ! placem5t & displacem5t ( volumes4 ,x is a result ( rhy?mic organisation4 ,we are consci\s ( movem5t 9 a human body :5 a position or pose is %ift$1 & we are consci\s ( x only dur+ ! process ( %ift+4 ,%\ld we look at a body 9 "o position1 close our eyes dur+ its *ange ( attitude1 & !n behold x completely alt]$1 we %\ld n exp]i5ce a s5sation ( action at all4 ,b if ! /atic po9ts ( movem5t pres5t !mselves to u ) suffici5t rapidity !y produce ! effect ( cont9u\s movem5t1 z 9 ! simulacra ( ! k9ematograph4 ,o!rwise we record m]ely ! result ( ! *ange ( position--n ! act ( *ang+ itself4 ,9 a ,mi*elangelo /atue we see at fir/ glance only a solid rigid mass2 b ! mom5t we beg9 m5tally to recon/ruct ! =m1 we s5se ! opposition ( volume-direction & ! delicate poise ( weights :i* ov]hang holl[s & :i* are proportionally exagg]at$ 9 ord] to give a great] emotion ( /ruggl+ =ces4 ,!n1 our w guid+ our eye1 ! m9d translates to u physically ! /atue's expansion & contraction1 ! )held completion ( absolute balance1 ! approximation to equilibrium3 & x is only aft] we h pass$ ?r\gh discords & /ruggles & complicat$ developm5ts--9 o!r words1 aft] we h /riv5 = physical completion--t ! f9ality comes z a satisfy+ consummation1 l ! k ( a trem5d\s task1 long lab\r$ ov]1 br\ght to p]fect & f9al accompli%m5t4 ,is n ! desire = an emotion1 s completely reflective ( ! v und]curr5ts ( life's =ces1 wor?i] ( an arti/'s aim ?an ! desire = ! mom5t>y s5sation t someone is go+ away or t "o is look+ on at a dance8 ,! emotional depictions ( su* episodes are at be/ b remote reflexes ( reality4 ,our p>ticipation 9 a dance1 = in/ance1 is inf9itely m int5se ?an ! ,futuri/s' k9ematic repres5tation ( x4 ,9 ! actual exp]i5ce "o n only sees *aos b c t\* ! swirl+ =ms1 bl9k at ! lights1 smell ! p]fumes & he> ! noise & music4 ,9 o!r words1 "o is mov$ to s5sation or feel+ by ! physical =ces !mselves4 ,to ! true arti/ ^! physical =ces are only 8 weapons1 nev] 8 ends4 ,& x is only ?r\gh _! intellig5t use 9 ! production ( =m t ae/hetic emotion results4 ,! sup]ficial portrayal ( effects1 :e!r m5tal or physical1 c nev] lead u inw>d to _! causes4 ,any result is simply ! dead end ( a =ce1 l ! sea-we$ a subm>9e volcano has ?r[n to ! surface ( ! ocean4 ,art1 be+ ! causative =ce itself1 %\ld br+ ab\t ! upheaval ^: f9al manife/ation is complete & satisfy+4 ,9 great pa9t+ ! spectator is l$ ?r\gh e /ep ( k9etic en]gy f *aos to ord]4 ,:5 he em]ges he has und]gone a colossal dynamic exp]i5ce4 ,aft] all1 en]gy is ! ultimate physical reality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dynamism ,d',,une ,,auto by ,,russolo ,! ,futuri/s1 x is true1 /rove s$ul\sly = dynamism4 ,sev]al ( ! titles ( _! lat] canvases conta9 ! ^w4 ,b _! consi/5t mis9t]pretation ( ,leibniz's doctr9e l$ !m into ! mo/ sup]ficial /atem5ts ( ! laws ( =ce4 ,by confus+ action ) movem5t & tempo ) rhy?m1 & by con/antly juggl+ causes & effects1 !y nev] arriv$ at a basic exposition ( en]gy4 ,9 contemplat+ _! pictures we exp]i5ce only visual confusion4 ,!re is no movem5t because !re is no /atic foil1 no consummation4 ,!re is no dynamism because !re is no sugge/ion ( ! inh]5t =ce :i* all sub/ance involves4 ,let u assume ! hypo!sis t x is possible to photograph a k9ematic =ce 9 movem5t4 ,! ,futuri/s' pictures :]e9 ! repres5tation ( dynamism is attempt$1 z 9 ,dynamisme d'une ,auto1 !re is a s]ies ( ^! hypo!tical photographs ea* ( :i* has caught a segm5t ( immobility1 z any snap-%ot cat*es "s /atic pose ( a mov+ object4 ,by sup]-impos+ ea* ( ^! images successively on ! o!r ! ,futuri/s imag9e t a /ate ( action is creat$4 ,b ev5 7 ?is ! case ! picture w\ld be innoc5t ( dynamism4 ,aga91 ,futurism claims n to pa9t maladies b _! symptoms & results4 ,admitt$ly !re=e x works aga9/ its own grop+s = dynamism1 = symptoms & results are ! outgr[? ( causes1 & z su* c h only an objective int]e/4 ,w\ld ! ,futuri/s ma9ta91 = in/ance1 t1 by portray+ a head f _m viewpo9ts on ! same canvas1 !y c give u ! emotion ( a head turn+8 ,ev5 7 x possible ?us to ext5d ! contemplation ( pictures into "t1 ! effect ( a s]ies ( dissimil> pr(iles w\ld be no m conv9c+ ?an t obta9$ by a sl[ly mov+ c9ematograph film4 ,%\ld we grant t by su* a device ! effect ( movem5t result$1 x w\ld dep5d entirely ^u :i* end ( ! movem5t ! eye alight$ fir/ :e!r ! head mov$ "o way or ! o!r4 ,& if ! picture 0 a p]fect organisation ! *ange ( direction w\ld ?r[ e "p ( ! canvas out ( ge>4 ,consid]+ ,futurism purely f ! /&po9t ( illu/ration we /ill are unable to ju/ify its aims4 ,9 pa9t+ a picture ( a p]son sett+ =? ^u a j\rney f a railway /ation1 ! ,futuri/ repres5ts ! dep>ture by means ( horizontal1 fleet+ & j]ky l9es1 half-hidd5 pr(iles1 ! /ation's int]ior1 ! eng9e1 etc4 ,!n by introduc+ into ! canvas bits ( l&scape & o!r incid5tals :i* depict ! ?\ghts ( ! p]son ab\t to dep>t1 ! arti/ endeav\rs to call up ! same m5tal /ate 9 ! spectator ( ! canvas4 ,! associative process ( ! human m9d1 h[ev]1 makes su* a proce$+ unnecess>y1 because 9 behold+ a simple1 ev5 an academically pictur$1 sc5e ( someone ent]+ a tra9 amid ! confusion & ha/e ( pass5g]s & gu>ds1 ! spectator involunt>ily calls up ! l&scape runn+ pa/1 ! telegraph poles j]k+ by1 ! clang+ ( ! bell1 ! %\ts ( att5dants1 ! %uffl+ ( _m feet & ! hiss ( /eam4 ,9 sett+ ^! ?+s d[n ! ,futuri/s succe$ only 9 limit+ a highly imag9ative p]son's ?\ghts by re/rict$ visions ( objectivity1 j z 9 ! !atre a produc]1 by plac+ _m papi] ma*e trees & rocks & fibre grass ab\t ! /age1 circumscribes ! onlook]'s imag9ation4 ,! ,greeks1 ^: !atrical pres5tations 7 suffici5tly int5se to evoke an imag9ative milieu1 did n ne$ factiti\s prop]ties3 b ! !atrical ,belascos mu/ necess>ily make _! sett+s absolute & meticul\sly reali/ic4 ,a ,t9toretto ne$s no su* tricks to /r5g!n its emotive p[]2 b ! ,futuri/s1 unable to move u by dynamic canvases1 ne$ rec\rse to dramatic tricks4 ,at mo/ _! pictures c\ld be significant only z auxili>ies to lit]>y texts4 ,! ,futuri/s' cont5tion t all mod]n art %\ld h z a po9t ( dep>ture an entirely mod]n s5sation is :olly t5able1 b !y mi/ake ! fact t a mod]n s5sation is m]ely ! s5sation :i* p]ta9s specially to ! contempor>y man4 ,x has no?+ to d innately ) ! del9eation ( an automobile or an a]oplane4 ,! mod]n ae/hetic _s goes deep]4 ,x implies ! expression ( an emotion by use ( ! late/ ref9em5ts & rese>*es 9 ! m$ium ( an art4 ,9 pa9t+ x is n limit$ to ! illu/rative portrayal ( a novelty4 ,7 ?is ! case any pa9t] :o conf9$ himself to ! picturisation ( ! late/ dreadnaughts & ! highe/ skyscrap]s w\ld be ! pione] ( a new expression4 ,9 ord] to express himself 9 a mod]n mann]1 an arti/ ne$s only to h dive/$ himself ( all pr$ilections = antiquity1 to h subdu$ all consci\s desire to w himself into ! bodies ( an anci5t p1 & to h se5 ! error ( ! *ildi% maxim t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun4 ,any pa9t] free f tradition1 ) a compreh5sion ( ae/hetic movem5t & an ability to apply x1 w produce canvases :i*1 ?\gh !y h no radical !ory beh9d !m1 w be z di/9ctly mod]n z ^? ( ! ,futuri/s4 ,mod]nity has to d ) me?ods & m5tal attitude4 ,x is 9 no wise relat$ to subject-matt]4 ,consid]1 = in/ance1 ! fam\s ,futuri/ /atem5t t a runn+ horse has n f\r legs1 b tw5ty4 ,!n contemplate ,balla's picture1 ,dog & ,p]son 9 ,movem5t1 to :i* ?is !ory is appli$4 ,nei!r ! dog nor ! p]son seems to move at all4 ,!y are /atic figures ) blurr$ triangles resembl+ lace :]e _! legs %\ld be4 ,su* a juv5ile artifice to give ! effect ( movem5t is c]ta9ly n mod]n or ev5 novel4 ,long prior to ! ,futuri/s1 c>icaturi/s & comic j\rnali/ic draughtsm5 s\ght to express action by plac+ circul> l9es r\nd ! wagg+ tails ( dogs or by draw+ long sweep+ l9es beh9d a swiftly mov+ figure to indicate f :at direction x _h come & ! rapidity ( locomotion4 ,su* inv5tions are outside ! field ( ae/hetics4 ,!y h to d only ) sl[ optical action4 ,b ! modification ( objects 9 contact ) o!rs1 ( :i* ,cezanne wrote1 is a pr(\nd po/ulate ( organisation4 ,x creates a poise ( volume :i* causes u to exp]i5ce an emotion ( movem5t4 ,! ,futuri/s' contrivance ( end[+ a horse ) tw5ty legs precludes any possibility ( _! call+ up =cibly a runn+ horse1 = only ! legs seem to move1 z ( a horse 9 a treadmill4 ,save = ! pictorial side ( a picture s pres5t$ !re is no?+ 9 x ( int]e/ to u3 & our memory ( an actual horse cla%es ) ! vision ( a multip$alian "o4 ,! ,futuri/s' /atem5t1 h[ev]1 t a picture's l9es %\ld subjectively drag ! spectator into ! c5tre ( ! canvas1 :]e he w p]sonally exp]i5ce ! rhy?mic int]play ( =ms1 is n only p]t95t b expresses an absolute ae/hetic necessity4 ,pictures :i* d n s affect ! behold] h fail$ z great art4 ,b ?\gh ! ,futuri/s 7 ! fir/ to give succ9ct utt]ance to ?is %ibbole?1 ! practice ( con/itut+ a "w ( art s t ! spectator 0 transpos$ into its /ress & /ra91 _h be5 go+ on ev] s9ce great composition came into pa9t+4 ,"o _c /udy a ,mi*elangelo or a ,rub5s )\t feel+1 ev5 to ! po9t ( physical fatigue1 ! /ruggle ( _! f9ally h>monis$ volumes4 ,?is does n hold true ( ! ,futuri/s' "w4 ,9 /udy+ _! pictures our eyes alone become tir$2 &1 ?\gh we succe$ 9 unravell+ ! involutions ( _! pictures1 !re is = u no recomp5se ( emotional satisfaction4 ,action 9 itself has little *>m = u1 & action is :at ! pa9t+s ( ,futurism1 9 _! ultimate expression1 are f\nd$ on4 ,b :ile action may attract u :5 express$ by an int]e/+ & sympa!tic p]sonality1 z 9 ! pa9t+s ( ,h5ri & 9 ! sculpture ( ,rude1 !re is 9 ,futurism no actional s5sation or explicit elem5t ( deep enjoym5t t we _c obta9 9 great] int5sity by gaz+ ^u a busy ?or\ghf>e1 or by wat*+ ! l&scape f a swiftly mov+ tra91 or by att5d+ a dance4 ,ev5 ! *aos ( a ,futuri/ pa9t+ does n pres5t ! int]e/ ( ! ,flight ,turn+ a ,corn] f ,keion's panoramic roll ( ! ,hog5 ,heiji w>1 or ! pr9ts ( ,moronobu1 or ev5 ,! ,heav5ly ,ho/ by ! primitive ,gu>i5to4 ,all ^! works1 :ile !y repres5t action1 are also ord]$4 ,& ord]1 :i* ! ,futuri/s lack1 is m ?an an arbitr>y +r$i5t 9 art4 ,j z ! et]nal desire 9 life is = some?+ positive & absolute1 s ! attempt at ord] 9 pa9t+ is an outgr[? ( ! desire to make a picture complete & satisfy+4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! ,futuri/s ex]t$ mu* good 9 imbu+ ! arti/s ( ! day ) a great] consciosity & 9 %[+ !m1 by an elaborate critical prospectus1 ! error ( _! ways4 ,futurism quiet$ ! animadv]sions ! mod]ni/ pa9t]s 7 hurl+ at ,monet & 8 s*ool1 by po9t+ out t1 to react aga9/ ,impressionism by adopt+ pictorial laws :i* ant$at$ x1 0 futile1 & t ! only way to combat x s]i\sly 0 to surpass x4 ,! ,futuri/s1 h[ev]1 7 unable to fulfil _! proposition4 ,!y 71 9 fact1 ! ab/ract p]petuators ( ,impressionism ?r\gh ! ,cubi/s :o repres5t$ its =mal side4 ,! man :o surpass$ ,impressionism 0 ,cezanne4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,futuri/s *id$ ! ,cubi/s = pa9t+ f models1 :e!r 9 squ>es1 cubes or circles2 & ?us turn$ ! light ( analysis on ! actual a*ievem5ts1 & away f ! !ories1 ( ,picasso & 8 foll[]s4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t = a %ort "t ! ,cubi/s became some:at ,futuri/ic4 ,!n1 ! /rong impetus sl[ly ebb+ out1 ! two s*ools gradually approa*$ ea* o!r4 ,futurism has tak5 on a some:at ,cubi/ic mi52 & ! ,cubi/s1 hav+ pr(it$ by ! ,futuri/s' tea*+s & hav+ p>tially divorc$ !mselves f ! model1 h begun to seek expression 9 ,orphism & ,syn*romism4 ,! "w ( ,boccioni & ,c>ra has assum$ a :olly ab/ract appe>ance1 & is mu* m int]e/+ ?an =m]ly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hi]oglyphe ,,dynamique ,,du ,,bal ,,tab>9 by ,,sev]9i ,! me?ods ( ,futurism h _! prov5i5ce 9 _m prec$+ art movem5ts4 ,"o f9ds 9 ?is s*ool's canvases cubes1 spots1 divisioni/ic te*nique & :olly academic draw+2 "s ( ! pictures are monoton\sly br[n & grey1 :ile o!rs possess ! acid col\r+ ( ,neo-,impressionism4 ,b aside f _! "w ! ,futuri/s prov$ a salut>y ev5t 9 mod]n art4 ,! pa9t+ ( ! day ne$$ j su* a cataclysm to turn its eyes f ! contemplation ( p>tial traits to a m encompass+ vision4 ,_! motto might be ! say+ ( ,mall>me3 ,to "n is to de/roy1 b to sugge/ is to create4 ,_! art is l>gely "o ( sugge/ion4 ,_! initial mi/ake 0 9 suppos+ t ! depiction ( m5tal /ates w\ld recall ! causes ( ^? /ates4 ,life w\ld inde$ be monoton\s if 9 x !re 0 no /ruggle4 ,we c\ld nev] appreciate its consummations 7 we ignorant ( ! travail :i* br\ght !m ab\t4 ,! ,futuri/s pres5t1 z x 71 ! conclusion ( an oration 9 :i* has be5 develop$ a colossal ?\ght1 & ask u to applaud4 ,?is we _c d1 = n hav+ foll[$ ! /ruggle ( ! new idea aga9/ oppos+ =ces1 we are unable to appreciate ! import ( ! results4 ,not)/&+ _! _m failures ! ,futuri/s h greatly wid5$ ! field ( illu/ration2 by a ^w !y h giv5 bir? to a s*ool1 ,simultaneism2 & !y h =ev] turn$ ,cubism f its n>r[ =malism4 ,b 9 !mselves !y 7 n significant4 ,!y 7 too /r+5tly lit]>y1 & 9 attempt+ to advance _! own !ories at ! exp5se ( pr(\nd] doctr9es1 !y h succe$$ only 9 assi/+ o!r pa9t]s t[>d a great] purity ( expression1 despite ! fact t !y advocat$ a retrogressive objectivity4 ,m>9etti1 a poet1 is ! spiritual 7& monet>y7 fa!r ( ,futurism2 & ! names sign$ to ! orig9al manife/o 7 ,umb]to ,boccioni1 a sculptor z well z a pa9t]2 ,c>lo ,d4 ,c>ra1 ! mo/ g5u9e arti/ ( ! gr\p2 ,luigi ,russolo1 its mo/ or?odox expon5t2 ,g9o ,sev]9i1 its illu/rator p> excell5ce2 & ,giacomo ,balla1 its high prie/ ( prett9ess4 ,9 an attempt to preclude all c5sure1 !y clos$ _! manife/ ) ^! words3 ,!re w be ^? :o w accuse our art ( be+ c]ebrally di/ort$ & decad5t4 ,b we w answ] simply t we are1 to ! contr>y1 ! primitives ( a new & c5tuple s5sitivity1 & t our art is drunk ) spontaneity & p[]4 ,) ! slight *ange ( !ory = art we w\ld he>tily agree ) !m4 ,,xiii ,,syn*romism ,9 ord] to und]/& ! la/ /ep 9 ! evolution ( pres5t-day art me?ods1 x is necess>y to be ?or\ghly cognizant n only ( :at has tak5 place be=e b ( ! *ronological developm5t ( all ! qualities ( mod]n pa9t+1 = ,syn*romism embraces e ae/hetic aspiration f ,delacroix & ,turn] to ,cezanne & ! ,cubi/s4 ,at ! same "t x rev]ts to ! compositions ( ,rub5s1 complicat+ !m fur!r to satisfy ! ne$s ( ! mod]n m9d4 ,delacroix took ! fir/ decid$ /ep t[>d mak+ col\r an organic factor 9 art--a factor :i* w\ld help pres5t a m homog5e\s emotion ( ! picture z a :ole1 & :i* w\ld be intimately connect$ ) ! picture's vital expression4 ,he 0 a decid$ advance on ^? pa9t]s to :om col\r 0 z arbitr>y a means ( adorn+ a good "w z ! gilt frame !y plac$ ab\t x4 ,col\r ) !m 0 dictat$ by ! dem&s ( an age ( voluptu\sness & unre/ra9$ liv+4 ,! great art nations ( ,spa91 ,italy & ,fl&]s 7 !n pass+ ?r\gh a s5su\s epo*1 & ! pa9t]s reflect$ 9 _! "w ! tone ( ! national temp]am5t4 ,! primitives ( ^! c\ntries & ( ,g]many _h us$ col\r because ! religi\s qualities 9 _! pictures became m reali/ic :5 nature's g5]al t9ts 7 employ$4 ,by mak+ _! "w m dramatic !y 7 able to set =? m =cibly ! lesson !y /rove to tea*4 ,! art ( ! primitives 0 prim>ily dogmatic4 ,9 x 0 none ( ^? subtleties ( composition :i* come only ) ! consci\s arti/'s delight 9 br++ ord] out ( *aos3 x conta9$ only t simple & in/9ctive ord] :i* is ! avoidance ( *aos4 ,t :i* ! primitives _h to say 0 s rudim5t>y & well-le>n$ t x took a def9ite visional =m 9 _! m9ds4 ,:5 dogmatism began to lose its *>m = ! pa9t] 8 =ms gradually became m suave1 & 8 col\r likewise grew graci\s & ornam5tal4 ,! lessons 7 =gott51 & composition z an elem5t ( fir/ importance1 dress$ 9 a robe ( ri* & v>i$ hue1 supplant$ !m4 ,su* 0 ! employm5t ( col\r at ! adv5t ( ,delacroix ^: prob+ m9d s5s$ n only its importance z drama1 b also its pot5tialities = brilliance4 ,) him1 h[ev]1 x rema9$ an adjunct to draw+--some?+ to be appli$ :5 ! re/ ( ! picture _h be5 laid 91 an elem5t ) :i* to int5sify ! importance ( subject4 ,he gave a great & necess>y impetus to its /udy1 b he outl9$ no directions = its significant application3 inde$1 by foll[+ out 8 orig9al concepts "o is l$ into ! impasse ( ,neo-,impressionism4 ,b at s e>ly a /age ! impetus is ! important ?+1 & to ,delacroix belongs ! cr$it = hav+ set 9 motion ! :eels ( col\r inquisition4 ,x 0 ,daumi]1 h[ev]1 :o1 app>5tly ignor+ x1 br\ght its exclusive use appreciably ne>]4 ,by conceiv+ cont\r & =m z "o1 he dispos$1 z x 71 ( ^! two elem5ts :i*1 9 ! scale ( pictorial importance1 _h always be5 plac$ be=e col\r4 ,_h ea* successive pa9t] pr(it$ by all ! apports & qualities ( 8 direct pr$ecessor's art1 ! progress ( pa9t+ might h be5 m rapid1 b x w\ld nev] h be5 s p]fect4 ,ea* pa9t] w\ld h inh]it$ bo? ! %ortcom+s & ! m]its ( 8 =]unn]4 ,?us "o side ( 8 art w\ld h develop$ out ( all proportion to ! o!r4 ,daumi]1 go+ back to tone1 discov]$ a :olly natural me?od = ! a*ievem5t ( int5se =m4 ,8 pictures pres5t !mselves z great bulks ( fle% & matt]1 crude b vital1 :i* h ab\t !m a =ce ( actual weight4 ,9 n[ise 0 he a col\ri/4 ,he liv$ 9 a "t :5 prett9ess 0 ! keynote ( ! day1 & 8 :ole life 0 a revolt aga9/ x4 ,8 reaction 0 s extreme t he disreg>d$ ! capabilities ( col\r4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 on ! o!r h&1 ov]-emphasis$ its objective uses4 ,!y held t ! col\r se5 9 nature is all-important = picture mak+1 & proce$$ to copy x4 ,z a result _! "w is highly emotional1 b only 9 ! same way t a sunny l&scape is emotional4 ,^! arti/s 7 ! slaves ( nature1 do+ its bidd+2 ,gaugu9 b5t ev]y?+ into ! m\ld ( 8 own p]sonality3 & x is only :5 ^! two types ( creative impulse comb9e & modify ea* o!r t great naturali/ic art is possible4 ,! ,impressioni/s1 be+ receptive1 believ$ all t nature op5ly proclaim$4 ,!y une>!d none ( its =mal secrets2 !y prob$ none ( its causes4 ,!irs 0 only ! joy ( ! discov]]4 ,b _! insi/5ce ^u ! discov]y 0 important1 because x help$ give bir? to ,cezanne4 ,he 0 a direct outgr[? ( ,impressionism1 b he 0 also an outgr[? ( art's entire hi/ory4 ,sup]ficially he may seem m closely ak9 to ,piss>ro's s*ool ?an to ! old] pa9t]s1 s9ce x 0 f ,piss>ro he le>n$ 8 fir/ col\r lessons2 b 9 reality he 0 m intimately relat$ to a ,giotto or a ,rembr&t1 because 8 k ( col\r 0 us$ only to height5 ! emotion ( volume2 & ?is volume1 :i* ,monet or ,sisley w\ld n h und]/ood1 0 ! *ief conc]n ( ! old ma/]s4 ,) ! ,impressioni/s col\r 0 an end 9 itself4 ,!y look$ ^u x n m]ely z expressive ( light1 b z synonym\s ) light1 :]eas ,cezanne1 ignor+ col\r's dramatic possibilities1 us$ x to express & int5sify ! fundam5tals ( organisation1 j z ,giotto1 disreg>d+ ! dramatic possibilities ( l9e1 employ$ l9e z a means to ord9ate volume4 ,cezanne is relat$ to ,daumi] & ,rembr&t 9 t :ile ^! m5 creat$ _! art 7:i* 0 prim>ily "o ( tone7 by build+ up volume simultane\sly ) cont\r1 he creat$ 8 art 7:i* 0 prim>ily "o ( col\r7 by pres5t+ 8 visions z nature pres5ts itself to our eyes & intellig5ces1 t is1 z =ms 9 :i* tone1 cont\r & col\r are insep>able4 ,t he has be5 little und]/ood is due to ! fact t 8 pr(\ndly logical me?ods took bir? 9 an age ( inspirational pa9t+4 ,matisse :o came lat] made ( ,cezanne's /ill-lives a highly enjoyable decoration ^: de/9y c rise no high] ?an t ( ta/eful & complete ornam5t4 ,cezanne's art is dynamic1 :ile ,matisse's is exalt$ly excitatory4 ,! =m] be>s ! same relation to ! latt] t a ,bee?ov5 symphonic movem5t be>s to a ballet by ,delibes4 ,"o inspires ?\ght3 ! o!r incites to action1 to spontane\s admiration & joy4 ,matisse loves & kn[s col\r 9 its h>monic relations4 ,he & ,gaugu91 by ! broad beauty ( _! "w1 h giv5 an impetus t[>d l>ge planes ( pure pigm5t4 ,9 brief ! evolution ( col\r is z foll[s3 x 0 us$ fir/ = v]ity2 secondly1 = ornam5t2 ?irdly1 = drama2 f\r?ly1 = its inh]5t beauty z light2 & la/1 = int5sify+ natural =m4 ,all ?is has to d only ) ! concrete side ( art's progress4 ,!re is also a progress ( ! m5tal attitude :i* is insep>able f art's concrete developm5t & )\t :i* its mat]ial evolution c\ld n h gone =w>d significantly4 ,?is m5tal progress result$ 9 ! emancipation ( ! arti/ f ! intellectual limitations ( 8 public4 ,up to ,g]icault & ,delacroix pa9t+ _h idealis$ contempor>y life1 _h held itself to ! int]pretation ( biblical hi/ory1 or _h spok5 9 leg5d & allegory4 ,x _h express$ itself 9 ! ,italian mode ( draw+2 x _h foll[$ set rules ( balance & *i>oscuro2 & above all x _h possess$ a v def9ite f9i%4 ,naturally ! art hi/orians expect$ ?is /yle ( pa9t+ to cont9ue indef9itely4 ,b ) ,delacroix x began to *ange4 ,! h>d cont\rs grew fre]4 ,! depiction ( ! human =m halt$ at approximation4 ,draw+ became m arbitr>y4 ,!n came ,c\rbet :o insi/$ t !re 0 beauty 9 ev]y?+ if "o knew h[ to br+ x =?4 ,he turn$ to ! commonplace life ab\t him = inspiration1 repudiat$ ! suavities ( ,david1 ! romance ( ,delacroix1 ! elegance ( ,velazquez & ! col\r ( ,v]onese2 & began to ord] reali/ic nature4 ,ab\t 8 "n !re grew up a tempe/ ( adv]se criticism2 b no man s sure ( 8 own g5ius z 0 ,c\rbet c\ld be weak5$ by public condemnation2 & he made no compromise4 ,manet cont9u$ ,c\rbet's fre$om ( selection & pa9t$ n'importe quoi4 ,! ,impressioni/s also c>ri$ =w>d ?is mod]n attitude4 ,!y s\ght = t :i* g5]ally 0 consid]$ ugly1 & made x arti/ically enjoyable by dr5*+ x ) light & col\r4 ,!n came ,cezanne1 ,matisse1 ! ,cubi/s & ! ,futuri/s1 ) ea* ( :om subject-matt] became m & m emancipat$4 ,natural objects gradually lo/ _! importance & grew m ab/ract4 ,=m 0 consid]$ = its own sake1 & models 7 n copi$ m]ely because !y fill$ c]ta9 utilit>ian de/9ies 9 ! spectator's m9d4 ,objects 7 us$ by ,cezanne to create ab/ract ensembles4 ,9 ,matisse ! =m itself became m purely ae/hetic1 ?\gh ) him !re 0 a residue ( objectivity = ! sake ( illu/rative consi/5cy4 ,) ! ,cubi/s natural =m 0 an e*o1 a memory ( life1 reta9$ because !y 7 n sure ( h[ to turn _! m9ds away f x4 ,futurism attempt$ a rehabilitation ( illu/ration1 b lately x has be5 conv]t$ into a pur] vision by ! ,cubi/s4 ,to sum up3 col\r rea*$ its highe/ developm5t 9 ,cezanne2 composition atta9$ its highe/ int5sity 9 ,rub5s2 & ! greate/ fre$om 9 mat]ial =m 0 repres5t$ by ! ,cubi/s4 ,?us ! art ( pa9t+ /ood 9 #aiab4 ,b at t "t ! developm5t ( mod]n means _h n rea*$ its highe/ po9t4 ,! purification ( pa9t+ _h n be5 atta9$4 ,! t5d5cies ( ! pa/ c5tury fell %ort ( realisation4 ,z yet !re _h be5 no ab/ract coalition ( col\r1 =m & composition4 ,col\r _h n be5 c>ri$ to its ultimate purity z a function+ elem5t4 ,=m _h become almo/ unrecognisable b _h j miss$ ab/raction1 its inevitable goal4 ,& composition1 ! basis ( all great art1 _h be5 tempor>ily abjur$ 9 ! fev]i% se>* = new me?ods4 ,! /ep f ! condition ( art 9 #aiab to its f9al purity1 9 :i* w\ld be embodi$ all ! qualities necess>y to ! greate/ compositional pa9t+1 0 n a long "o1 b until x 0 tak5 ! cycle mu/ rema9 incomplete4 ,! la/ advance 9 mod]n me?ods 0 made by ! ,syn*romi/s at ,d] ,neue ,kun/salon ( ,muni* 9 ,june1 #aiac4 ,?is movem5t 0 fa!r$ by ,morgan ,russell & ,s4 ,macdonald-,wright1 bo? ( :om1 ?\gh native ,am]icans1 7 p>tially ,european 9 p>5tage & education4 ,russell is m ?an half ,fr5*1 & ,macdonald-,wright1 ^: family "n is ,van ,vrank51 is directly desc5d$ f ! ,dut*4 ,russell fir/ /udi$ 9 ,new ,york "u ,rob]t ,h5ri1 "o ( ! mo/ s9c]e & intellig5t products ( ,am]ican art4 ,!re he acquir$ a s\nd & capable f\ndation = 8 lat] "w bo? 9 clay & pa9t4 ,he !n w5t to ,p>is1 /ill feel+ nature ?r\gh ! inspiration ( ,manet1 & l ,manet fell "u ! sway ( ,monet4 ,f ! ,impressioni/s he 0 attract$ to ,matisse ) :om he 0 p]sonally acqua9t$4 ,he did _m canvases attractive 9 col\r & compet5t z to =m1 z well z a numb] ( syn!tic & obvi\sly disproportion$ /atues :i* recall ! mod]n ,fauve to a m>k$ degree4 ,lat] he began to take an int]e/ 9 ,cezanne1 & to 8 /udy ( ?is ma/] & ( ,mi*elangelo is attributable 8 lat] developm5t 9 col\r & composition4 ,^! m5 con/itut$ 8 ma9 influ5ces2 b 9 ! c\rse ( 8 developm5t he _h ca/ a glance at ,picasso & ev5 at ! ,futuri/s2 & x is a significant comm5t>y on _! me?ods t !y are m susceptible ( und]/&+ ?an ei!r ,r5oir or ,matisse4 ,leo ,/e91 an a/ute & disc]n+ connoisseur ( ! m mod]n art movem5ts & a man :o c see ) occasional fla%es ( g5ius ?r\gh ! aspects ( a canvas to its basic cause1 no d\bt _h mu* to d ) ,russell's rapid intellectual progress ?r\gh ! disciple%ip ( ! /ud5t to ! creation ( individual endeav\rs4 ,macdonald-,wright1 to ! contr>y1 _h little art tra9+ 9 ! accept$ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,prim>ily int]e/$ 9 ! purely te*nical side ( pa9t+1 z 7 ,r5oir1 ,cezanne & ,c\rbet1 he _h be5 influ5c$ fir/ by ,hals1 ,rembr&t & ,velazquez & lat] by _! successors1 ,manet & ! ,b>bizon s*ool4 ,hop+ to f9d help 9 ! s*ools he /udi$ at _m academies1 b aft] a brief p]iod retir$ to ! seclusion ( 8 /udio4 ,ab\t ?is "t he began1 ) ! aid ( ,*evreul1 ,helmholtz & ,rood1 to make exp]im5ts 9 col\r 9 its relation to lum9osity4 ,q naturally ! influ5ce ( ,monet foll[$1 & x 0 n until a ye> lat] t 8 en?usiasm = ! ,impressioni/s disappe>$4 ,he !n began ! con/ruction ( =m by l>ge & crude planes1 build+ 8 figures ) light & d>k *romatic blocks4 ,x 0 ?is broad] application1 c\pl$ ) 8 love ( pure col\r1 t l$ him to an eag] admiration = ,gaugu94 ,at ?is p]iod ( 8 developm5t he met ,russell1 8 s5ior by ?ree ye>s1 to :om he has always admitt$ 8 debt = 8 e>ly appreciation ( ,mi*elangelo z well z ( ! mod]n ma/]s4 ,f !n on1 ?r\gh _m /ruggles ) light1 he made rapid progress4 ,:5 ,futurism bl9d$ ! eyes ( ! y\ng] m5 he w5t /raight ahead 9 ! pa? he _h *os54 ,%ortly aft] _! meet+1 ,russell & ,macdonald-,wright rea*$ ! end ( _! appreciative & =mative p]iod ( imitation4 ,!y 7 bo? too int5sely desir\s ( self-expression 9 its broade/ & mo/ precise s5se to v>y an already well-le>n$ precept or !ory4 ,!y 7 col\ri/s1 & _h be5 ev5 :5 pass+ ?r\gh _! mo/ sombre /age4 ,n[ bo? turn$ to col\r z to a long$-= goal4 ,! art _w at t "t 0 be+ flood$ ) ! m\rnful br[ns & :ites ( ,cubism2 & ,matisse 0 too slight an inspiration to attract !m1 = !y _h consi/5tly conceiv$ =m 9 ?ree dim5sions4 ,_! desire 0 to create canvases ( ri*ly h>moni\s col\r2 b ! difficulty lay 9 f9d+ a new me?od ( application4 ,nei!r ( !m 0 cont5t m]ely to place suites ( pure hues on ! canvas1 z an end 9 !mselves4 ,?is w\ld be to sacrifice organis$ volume = an ephem]al pleasure4 ,col\r mu/ h a =mal & compositional significance1 o!rwise x w\ld be b %all[ decoration4 ,! fact t1 l all pa9t]s ( ! day1 !y 7 /ill b\nd to ! depiction ( natural objects1 add$ difficulty to ! solution ( _! problem4 ,_! individual int]pretation ( ,cezanne1 h[ev]1 little by little %[$ !m ! me?od by :i* !y might ev5tually op5 ! door on _! desires4 ,russell approa*$ =m ?r\gh light1 comb9+ bo? qualities 9 a simultane\s vision4 ,macdonald-,wright approa*$ light ?r\gh =m1 reg>d+ !m z an insep>able & inevitable unity4 ,bo? pa9t]s express$ _! vision 9 ! pure/ gamut ( col\r :i* pa9t+ up to t "t _h se54 ,col\r ) !m became ! totality ( art1 ! "o elem5t by :i* e quality ( a canvas 0 to be express$4 ,ev5 _! l9es 7 obta9$ by ! diff]5tiation ( col\rs 9 ! same way t tempo delimits s\nd4 ,russell began 8 ,syn*romism by ext5d+ & complet+ ! me?ods ( ! ,impressioni/s :o _h obs]v$ t "o always has an illusion ( violet 9 %ad[s :5 ! sunlight is yell[1 & :o 9 _! pa9t+ repres5t$ ! full =ce ( light z yell[1 & its opposite extreme ( %ad[ z violet4 ,russell1 9 obs]v+ t ! /rong =ce ( light gives u a s5sation ( yell[ & t %ad[ produces its complem5t>y ( violet1 w5t fur!r & discov]$ t qu>t] & half tones also possess col\rs by :i* !y c be int]pret$4 ,he ?us arriv$ at a complete col\r int]pretation ( ! degrees ( light =ces or tones4 ,?is me?od he aptly call$ ! or*e/ration ( tones f black to :ite4 ,= x he made no h>d & set rules4 ,f ! fir/ x 0 a highly pla/ic & arbitr>y mann] ( depict+ objectivity4 ,by modulat+ f light to d>k 7f yell[ to violet7 n only 0 light conceiv$ =cibly1 b =m result$ naturally & inevitably4 ,?is 0 ! pr9ciple by :i* ,cezanne1 al?\gh he did n completely grasp its import1 a*iev$ 8 et]nal light :i* br\ght =m into be+4 ,b ! pr9ciple ) him 0 subjugat$ to ! influ5ce ( local col\rs1 v>y+ milieu1 reflections1 etc4 ,russell /at$ ! pr9ciple frankly & appli$ x purely4 ,s9ce 8 =m at t p]iod result$ f a s5sitive depiction ( light values express$ by col\r1 8 canvases _h mu* ! same beauty ( /rongly light$ natural objects se5 ?r\gh ! ?ree-sid$ prism by :i* ! transition f tone to col\r is automatically br\ght ab\t4 ,macdonald-,wright approa*$ 8 conception ( ,syn*romism f ! opposite direction4 ,he _h always be5 dissatisfi$ ) ! endless alt]nation ( small %ad[s & lights :i* ! ,impressioni/s _h introduc$ into pa9t+1 & ) ! t9y planes & spots :i* arti/s us$ = v]isimilitude4 ,he desir$ a me?od :]eby ! elem5ts ( %ad[ & light c\ld be diff]5tiat$ & drawn toge!r 9 simple masses4 ,he _h /udi$ pure col\r m f ! /&po9t ( =m ?an f t ( light1 & dur+ #aiab began to take note ( ! fluctuations ( col\rs1 _! mobility :5 juxtapos$ ) o!r col\rs1 _! d5sities & transp>5cies4 ,9 f9e1 he record$ _! inh]5t t5d5cy to express degrees ( mat]ial consi/5cy4 ,?us ) him a yell[1 in/ead ( mean+ an int5se light1 repres5t$ an advanc+ plane1 & a blue1 :ile hav+ all ! s5sation ( %ad[ ab\t x1 rec$$ to an inf9ity ( subjective dep?4 ,! relative spacial ext5sion ( all ! o!r col\rs 0 !n det]m9$1 & a s]ies ( col\r scales 0 drawn up :i* gave n only ! s5sation ( light & d>k b also ! s5sation ( p]spective4 ,?us x 0 possible to obta9 any degree ( dep? by ! use ( col\r alone1 = all ! int]m$iate /eps f extreme projection to extreme recession 7 expressible by means ( c]ta9 tones & pure hues4 ,! fir/ ,syn*romi/ canvas 0 expos$ by ,russell 9 ! ,salon des ,indep5dants e>ly 9 ! spr+ ( #aiac4 ,x 0 call$ ,syn*romie en ,v]t & record$ a l>ge int]ior 9 :i* all ! light =ces 7 treat$ 9 _! purely emotional phases4 ,! canvas lack$ ! complete visualisation & ! solid space-con/ruction :i* *>act]ise 8 lat] "w1 & fur!rmore x reveal$ _m traces ( ! academic composition4 ,h[ev]1 _h !re be5 critics possess$ ( arti/ic presci5ce !y /raightway w\ld h s5s$ 9 x a new =ce 9 pa9t+4 ,b ! picture's defects obscur$ _! recognition ( its pot5tial vitality4 ,?is 0 due 9 "p to ! fact t ! "w lo/ mu* ( its effect by piece-pa9t+1 t is1 by ! m9ute treatm5t ( details ea* ( :i* con/itut$ an end 9 itself reg>dless ( ! total4 ,russell c\nt$ on ! l9e ( ! diff]5t bodies hold+ x toge!r2 b he reckon$ falsely1 = if1 9 a "w :]e col\r is s important a "p ( l9e1 ! col\r & l9e are n 9 complete h>mony1 ! l9e alone is inadequate to effect ! liaison ( =ms4 ,9 ?is same ,salon ,macdonald-,wright1 n yet hav+ arriv$ at a def9$ conception1 expos$ two canvases 9 :i* 8 lat] developm5ts 7 b vaguely =e%ad[$4 ,bo? pictures 7 =mal compositions ( nude figures pa9t$ 9 ?ree or f\r flat planes ( pure col\r1 & recall$ ,matisse & ,cezanne m /rongly ?an !y pres5t$ a new vision4 ,f ! /&po9t ( effici5t visualisation all ?ree ,syn*romi/ works 7 failures1 or at lea/ !y 7 indications ( incomplete progress4 ,9 ,russell's canvas ! dim9utive break+ up ( col\r negativ$ :at o!rwise w\ld h be5 ! picture's brilliant effect2 & ,macdonald-,wright's l>ge application ( col\r s]v$ only to place him "u ! bann] ( an e/abli%$ s*ool4 ,b bo? m5 realis$ t ?is 0 only a />t1 & set dilig5tly to "w on ! canvases = _! fir/ exhibition :i* 0 book$ 9 ,muni* = ,june ( t ye>4 ,betwe5 _! fir/ pictures & ^? ( a few mon?s lat] !re 0 to be not$ an advance bo? 9 conception & 9 application4 ,russell's small col\r planes1 appli$ :olly f ! /&po9t ( light1 exp&$ & took on a new effectiv5ess4 ,8 =m became m ab/ract1 & 8 col\r m h>moni\s4 ,also 8 compositions 7 m compact1 ?\gh !y 7 ord]$ r ?an rhy?mically organis$4 ,macdonald-,wright's progress 0 simil>4 ,9 an int]pretation ( "o ( ,mi*elangelo's ,slaves1 us$ z ! dom9ant =m 9 an arrangem5t ( ?ree figures1 all ! academism :i* _h m>k$ 8 e>li] expression _h disappe>$4 ,8 me?od _h be5 lib]at$ f ! exactitudes ( /atic pr9ciples1 & _h become consi/5t1 n ) ! new col\r k1 b )9 itself4 ,! !ory ( def9$ col\r gamuts1 :i* f ! fir/ _h be5 appli$ by ^! two m51 _h n[ become a sci5tific pr9ciple4 ,?\gh ! tru? ( x _h always be5 vaguely s5s$ by !m1 x _h n become a def9itely compreh5d$ =mula until !y _h work$ out ! naturali/ic laws gov]n+ col\r4 ,! ,syn*romi/ pictures 9 :i* ^! laws 7 boldly appli$ 7 fir/ br\ght toge!r at #ac1 ,prann]/rasse1 ,muni*1 9 ,june1 #aiac4 ,9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye> _! "w 0 aga9 expos$1 ?is "t at ! ,b]nheim-,jeune gall]ies 9 ,p>is4 ,! %[ 9 ,muni*1 widely adv]tis$ by col\r$ po/]s1 _h attract$ consid]able int]e/1 b 9 ,p>is ! exhibition creat$ a two-weeks' s5sation4 ,?\gh ! m discrim9at+ critics saw its importance1 !re 0 consid]able adv]se comm5t due l>gely to ! ,syn*romi/s' spectacul> & ov]-en?usia/ic me?ods ( putt+ =w>d _! views & discov]ies4 ,9 _! two specifically word$ prospectuses !y devot$ mu* space to ! %ortcom+s ( ,orphism1 !n 9 vogue2 & al?\gh _! criticisms ( t s*ool1 c\pl$ ) ! /atem5t ( _! own tangible & logical aims1 _h mu* to d ) ,orphism's demise1 ! impropriety ( ! attack creat$ a feel+ antagoni/ic to ! new m54 ,! appe>ance ( _! pictures 0 entirely diff]5t f any pa9t+s hi!rto expos$2 & _! conception1 :ile be+ a normal & direct outgr[? ( ,cezanne1 m>k$ a revolution 9 =mal con/ruction4 ,! inspiration ( bo? ^! new arti/s 0 classic 9 t !y recognis$ ! absolute ne$ ( organisation :i*1 if x 0 n melodi\sly & sequ5tially compos$1 %\ld at lea/ be rhy?mic4 ,bo? 7 /riv+ to create a pure art--"o :i* w\ld express itself ) ! means alone inh]5t 9 t art1 z music expresses itself by means ( circumscrib$ s\nd4 ,!re 0 no prec$5t = purely ab/ract =m--t is1 =m :i* has no antitype 9 nature--any m ?an !re 0 a prec$5t = ! con/ruction ( pa9t+ solely by means ( col\r & l9e4 ,?is 0 n due to an abs5ce ( desire 9 ! arti/ = an ab/ract language ( =m1 b to a natural diffid5ce on 8 "p to break once & = all ) c5turies ( tradition1 & ) "o imp]i\s ge/ure to ca/ aside ! accept$ raison d'etre ( ! visual arts4 ,we h se5 h[ =m f ! fir/ _h be5 an imitation ( natural objects1 h[ x de-develop$ into syn!sis1 !n into pure composition1 h[ x rea*$ a high degree ( arbitr>9ess 9 ,matisse1 h[ x dis9tegrat$ 9 ,cubism1 & h[ 9 ,futurism & ,orphism !re 0 a valiant attempt to conv]t x once m into pictorialism1 to *eck its elan t[>d p]fect fre$om ( creation4 ,x is n !re=e /range t ! ,syn*romi/ exhibition %\ld h compris$1 ) ! exception ( "o canvas1 figure pieces1 /udies ( l&scape & /ill-lives 7"s almo/ ar*aic 9 _! direct & simple /atem5t71 & n canvases :i* ab&on$ all semblance to natural =m4 ,russell & ,macdonald-,wright 7 /ill occupi$ t5tatively 9 express+ ! =ms !y knew be/1 ea* by 8 own individual me?od4 ,b despite ?is compromise ) tradition _! exhibition pres5t$ a highly novel impression4 ,!re 7 human figures di/ort$ almo/ out ( recognition = ! compositional ne$s ( ! canvas & pa9t$ 9 b>s ( pure col\r2 /ill-lives :i* seem$ to be afire ) *romatic brilliance2 fanta/ic fruits2 life-siz$ male figures 9 pure yell[-orange2 & m\nta9s ( int5se r$s & purples1 w>m gre5s & violets4 ,all ! pictures1 h[ev]1 display$ decid$ organisational ability1 & !y possess$ a m complete h>mony ( col\r & l9e ?an _h be5 a*iev$ by any ( ! o!r y\ng] pa9t]s4 ,b t quality ( ,syn*romism :i* /ruck ! disc]n+ spectator m ?an any o!r 0 ! =ce ( volume result+ f ! relation%ip ( col\rs4 ,= ye>s pa9t]s _h realis$ t c]ta9 col\rs :5 appli$ to c]ta9 =ms rebell$ at ! comb9ation1 t !y refus$ to rema9 passively on ! planes assign$ !m4 ,b ?is ph5om5on _h nev] be5 giv5 any p5etrat+ /udy4 ,! m s5sitive pa9t]s _h m]ely *ang$ _! col\rs to m tractable ones1 & _h ?us avoid$ ! inevitable conflict t foll[$ ! fallaci\s comm+l+ ( two highly affirmative elem5ts4 ,su* *romatic inconsi/5cies %\ld h taught arti/s ! necessity ( h>mony = ! sake ( p]fect ord]2 b ! matt] 0 left to p]sonal in/9ct4 ,! cla% betwe5 col\r & =m1 h[ev]1 0 n due to any error or idiosyncrasy ( ta/e1 b to ! absolute "* ( ea* sep>ate hue :i* dem&$1 = its =mal aff9ity1 a fix$ & unalt]able spacial ext5sion4 ,at an e>ly date arti/s _h recognis$ t blue & violet 7 cool & m\rnful col\rs1 & t yell[ & orange 7 w>m & joyful ones4 ,!y appli$ ?is primitive discov]y ) ! feeble results to be f\nd 9 ,neo-,impressionism4 ,t ^! col\rs _h any fur!r "* !y nev] suspect$4 ,_! insight ext5d$ only to ! emotional & associative *>act]i/ics ( ! col\rs2 ! physical side 0 ov]look$4 ,_h ! pa9t]s be5 m sci5tifically m9d$ !y w\ld h kn[n t ^! *>act]i/ics1 :i* 7 ! fem99e traits1 c\ld n h exi/$ 9 isolation2 & !y w\ld h se>*$ = ! col\rs' dom9at+ & direct+ prop]ties :i* repres5t$ ! mascul9e traits4 ,su* a se>* w\ld h l$ !m to ! mean+ ( col\rs 9 relation to volumes1 t is1 to col\rs' =mal vibrations :i* alone are capable ( express+ pla/ic fullness4 ,?is vibratory quality ,macdonald-,wright f\nd & appli$4 ,by x he a*iev$ light & %ad[ :i* result$ naturally by ! juxtaposition ( w>m & cold col\rs4 ,russell1 work+ altoge!r f ! /&po9t ( light z reveal$ by =m1 atta9$ practically ! same results s long z 8 light came f ! direction ( ! spectator1 = 9 su* a case ! highe/ illum9ation 0 ! mo/ int5se sali5t &1 z ) ,macdonald-,wright1 _h !re=e to be pa9t$ ) a w>m & highly opaque col\r4 ,b :]e ! light came f a s\rce at "r angles to ! l9e ( vision1 ! expression rev]t$ to an int5sification ( ! ,impressioni/ic me?od4 ,lat] ?is accid5t ( light disappe>$ f ,russell's "w1 & consequ5tly 8 treatm5t became less re/rict$4 ,?is sett+ aside ( light z ! motif 0 a necess>y dep>ture1 = :5 ,russell c>ri$ 8 "w into ! high] elem5ts ( pure =m1 a reali/ic s\rce ( illum9ation w\ld h made 8 suites ( ab/ract volumes appe>1 n pois$ & relatively solid1 b z pat]ae atta*$ to an imp5etrable sub/ance4 ,"u su* conditions pa9t+ w\ld m]ely be ano!r & p]haps m beautiful way ( mak+ effective ! ordonnances ( surface =m4 ,b x w\ld h no m p[] to create 9 u an ae/hetic emotion ?an an exquisitely compos$ bas-relief4 ,! ambitions ( ! ,syn*romi/s w5t deep]4 ,!y desir$ to express1 by means ( col\r1 =m :i* w\ld be z complete & z simple z a ,mi*elangelo draw+1 & :i* w\ld give subjectively ! same emotion ( =m t ! ,r5aissance ma/] gives objectively4 ,!y wi%$ to create images ( su* logical /ructure t ! imag9ation w\ld exp]i5ce _! unrecognisable reality 9 ! same way our eyes exp]i5ce ! recognisable realities ( life4 ,!y /rove to br+ ab\t a new & hi!rto unp]ceiv$ reality :i* w\ld be z def9ite & mov+ z ! commonplace realities ( e day1 9 %ort1 to f9d an ab/ract /atem5t = life itself by ! use ( =ms :i* _h no def9able aspects4 ,! ,syn*romi/s' *ief te*nical me?od ( obta9+ ?is ab/ract equival5t = mat]iality 0 to make use ( ! inh]5t & absolute movem5t ( col\rs t[>d & away f ! spectator1 by plac+ col\rs on =ms 9 exact accord ) ! prop5sities ( ^? col\rs to approa* or rec$e f ! eye4 ,! ,futuri/s _h spok5 ( draw+ ! spectator into ! c5tre ( ! picture1 !re to /ruggle ) ! pr9cipals ( ! "w4 ,!y fail$ 9 ?is ambition because _! canvases lack$ ! int5se tactility ( volume4 ,! ,syn*romi/s1 by mak+ ! enjoym5t ( =m purely subjective1 & by express+ =m bo? by objectivity ( l9e & ! subjectivity ( col\r1 a*iev$ ! ambition ( bo? ! ,futuri/s & ,cezanne4 ,! latt]'s desire 0 ev] t[>d a pure & subjective art4 ,al?\gh 8 col\r view$ objectively is mu* l ! ,impressioni/s'1 ! pleasure ( ! ,impressioni/ic vision disappe>s :5 ! eye is satisfi$1 :]eas our emotions beg9 to "w on a ,cezanne only aft] ! visual enjoym5t has run its c\rse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,syn*romie ,,cosmique by ,,morgan ,,russell ,:]e ,cezanne obta9$ a block solidity by ! intellig5t addition ( local col\r to light & by ! subtraction ( light f local col\r1 ! ,syn*romi/s reject all local col\r & pa9t only ) hues :i* express ! desir$ =m4 ,! position ( a giv5 volume 9 space dictates to !m ! col\r ) :i* x is to be pa9t$4 ,consequ5tly a rec$+ volume ^: position is beh9d ! o!r volumes is nev] pa9t$ a pure yell[1 = t col\r advances t[>d ! spectator's eye2 & a solid volume :i* projects fur!r ?an ! o!rs is nev] pa9t$ violet1 = violet expresses n solidity b a quality ( space1 some?+ intangible & transluc5t4 ,all col\rs & tones & admixtures are answ]able to ! law ( natural placem5t4 ,?is law is n absolute2 x does n an*or ea* col\r at a specific & un*angeable di/ance f ! eye1 b x det]m9es ! relative position ( col\rs 9 space accord+ to ! influ5ce ( environm5tal col\rs1 !reby mak+ _! position bo? dep5d5t & direct+ b none ! less inevitable4 ,! p]fect+ ( ?is pr9ciple by ! ,syn*romi/s introduc$ an add$ elem5t ( poise & a new emotion 9 pa9t+--poise1 because1 by *ang+ a l9e or a col\r1 ! =mal solid con/ruct$ by int]dep5d5t hues w\ld %ift & adopt ano!r position answ]+ to ! ne$s ( ! new ord]3--a new emotion1 because col\r 9 all pa9t+ be=e ,cezanne _h be5 us$ = ornam5t or = ! dramatic re9=cem5t ( ! draw+ or subject1 & 9 ,cezanne col\r _h be5 employ$ to express subjectively ! emotions ( volumes f\nd 9 nature4 ,9 ,syn*romism1 :i* 0 fir/ inspir$ by natural =ms1 all consid]ations o!r ?an light =ces 7z ) ,russell7 & =m 7z ) ,macdonald-,wright7 & composition 7z us$ by bo?7 7 aboli%$4 ,col\r 0 made a function+ elem5t out ( :i* grew all ! qualities ( ! pictures4 ,at fir/1 adv]se criticisms 7 aim$ at ! ,syn*romi/s' poly*romatic nudes1 /ill-lives & l&scapes4 ,! press rem>k$ t ! nudes appe>$ z if adorn$ 9 ,h>lequ9 suits2 ! l&scapes1 z if !y 7 int5d$ = !atre drops2 & ! /ill-lives1 z if pa9t$ ?r\gh a prism4 ,! ,syn*romi/s answ]$ t1 9 ord] to a*ieve a /rong emotion ( =ce & weight1 !y w\ld will+ly sacrifice ! lovely t9ts ( ! fle% & ! joy ( se>*+ = col\r$ pots 9 ! %ops ( ! second-h& m]*ants4 ,b1 despite all !y c\ld say1 !re 0 ju/ice 9 ! public's criticism4 ,s long z !re 0 a natural =m 9 a picture1 ! spectator w\ld unconsci\sly judge x f a naturali/ic /&po9t4 ,to be sure1 !re 7 canvases 9 ! ,muni* exhibition :i* 7 almo/ unrecognisable z nature2 b1 be=e ! aims ( ?is new movem5t c\ld be fully atta9$1 a /yle ( arbitr>y & pure =m 0 necess>y4 ,9 ! ,b]nheim-,jeune %[ ,russell expos$ "o :olly ab/ract canvas4 ,z an indication ( a deflection t[>d pure composition1 x 0 important1 b ! picture itself 0 z manife/ly an arti/ic failure z _h be5 8 fir/ l>ge ,syn*romie en ,v]t hung 9 ! ,salon des ,indep5dants ( t ye>4 ,x 0 n ! only failure expos$1 h[ev]4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( complete & organis$ conception all ! e>ly ,syn*romi/ pictures 7 to a c]ta9 ext5t fragm5t>y & t5tative4 ,! l>ge canvas by ,macdonald-,wright1 ,syn*romie en ,bleu1 0 a flagrant example ( a totally new vision unsuccessfully /ruggl+ ) ! objectively classic inspiration ( a defunct antiquity4 ,! gr\p ( ?ree males 9 its =egr\nd1 :ile compet5tly & intellig5tly built1 _h ! appe>ance ( allegorical figures /ruggl+ aga9/ a toppl+ _w4 ,al?\gh _! position & organisation 7 dictat$ by ! ne$s ( an almo/ ,el ,greco-l composition1 "o 0 too consci\s ( natural objects to accept1 ) a cle> ae/hetic consci5ce1 ! seem+ *aos ( ! elem5ts4 ,9 br++ toge!r 9 a unifi$ emotion all ! impressions ( =m1 ! ,syn*romi/s at fir/ ov]look$ ! fact t purity ( expression1 9 ord] to be highly pot5t1 mu/ embody a pure conception4 ,_! e>ly canvases demon/rat$ _m new =mal possibilities1 b1 :ile !y 7 compos$ m compactly ?an ^? ( ! o!r mod]ns1 ! =ms !mselves 7 obvi\sly naturali/ic4 ,h]e9 ! ,syn*romi/s at _! debut fail$ to take ! /ep f ,cezanne to ab/raction4 ,cezanne conceiv$ all nature's qualities--=m1 col\r & tone--simultane\sly4 ,he 0 ! fir/ great reali/1 because nature dictat$ to him ! col\r he 0 to use4 ,! ,syn*romi/s1 on ! o!r h&1 us$ natural objects to create organisations ( pure col\r1 ?us mak+ =mal expression a :olly subjective p]=mance4 ,?is me?od conta9$ great] emotional pot5tialities ?an ,cezanne's1 because :]e ! latt]'s palette 0 necess>ily mu* subdu$ 9 ord] to approximate to ! att5uat$ gamut f\nd 9 nature1 ! ,syn*romi/s' palette 0 key$ to its highe/ pit* ( saturation4 ,cezanne's *oice ( col\r 0 nev] absolute 9 ! h>monic s5se1 because he dep5d$ = accuracy entirely on ta/e & s5sitivity4 ,) ,macdonald-,wright & ,russell ! palette 0 completely & sci5tifically rationalis$ s t "o c\ld /rike a *ord ^u x z surely & z swiftly z on ! keybo>d ( a piano3 ! elem5t ( haz>d 9 h>mony 0 elim9at$4 ,?is k ( col\r gamuts 0 n employ$ = ornam5tal niceties1 b 0 conv]t$ into a me?od ( creat+ an ae/hetic f9ality o!r ?an t ( =m & l9e4 ,if1 9 a complete balance ( l9e & volume1 ! col\r ov]weighs at any po9t into w>m or cold1 ! poise ( ! :ole is jeop>dis$ & ! f9ality obscur$4 ,! p]fect poise ( all ! elem5ts ( a pa9t+1 express$ by ! s+le elem5t ( col\r1 is ! f9al te*nical aim ( ,syn*romism4 ,9 ! fir/ arbitr>y =mal composition by ,russell ! desire 0 to c>ry out ! cont9uations ( =m f "o *os5 g5]at+ col\r & at ! same "t to create l9e> developm5t z well4 ,8 compositional !ory 0 t1 ?r\gh ! inevitable evolution ( l9e f an arbitr>ily *os5 c5tre1 ! arti/ w\ld naturally & consci\sly create =m :i* w\ld def9itely approximate to ! human body4 ,9 8 ,syn*romie en ,bleu ,violace ! composition 0 v simil> to t ( ! fam\s ,mi*elangelo ,slave ^: left arm is rais$ above ! head & ^: "r h& re/s on ! brea/4 ,! picture conta9$ ! same movem5t z ! /atue1 & _h a simpl] ordonnance ( l9e> directions2 b1 save 9 a g5]al way1 x bore no resemblance to ! human =m4 ,! sket* = ?is canvas 0 a great] success ?an ! f9al pres5tation1 = its realisation 0 m complete1 its ord] m contract$ & int5se4 ,9 bo? !re 0 b "o v simple rhy?m ) two movem5ts2 & ! size ( ! l>ge picture1 :i* 0 twelve feet high1 0 incomm5surate ) ! slightness ( ! expression4 ,8 second l>ge ,syn*romie1 expos$ 9 ! ,salon des ,indep5dants 9 ,m>* #aiad1 0 m complicat$ & m s5sitively organis$1 bo? z to movem5t & to col\r1 ?an 8 fir/4 ,by 8 col\r rhy?ms he /rove to incorporate into 8 pa9t+ ! quality ( duration3 t is1 he s\ght to h 8 picture develop into "t l music4 ,! ambition 0 comm5dable al?\gh he wrongly ass]t$ t old] pa9t+ ext5ds itself /rictly into space4 ,a ,rub5s1 :ile pres5t+ itself to ! spectator at "o glance1 is nev]!less m ?an a block-manife/ation ( =ms1 = x nev] reveals itself fully until aft] _m p]iods ( /udy4 ,9 ! old pa9t]s !re is a def9ite =mal f\ndation on :i* ! canvas is rhy?mically built1 & z a rule ?is =mal figure is repeat$ 9 m9iature _m times ?r\gh\t ! canvas4 ,^! =m-e*oes are def9$ & complete l9e> ord]s1 & into !m rhy?m is introduc$4 ,9 ,russell ! process is rev]s$3 ) him ! rhy?m br+s ab\t ! ord]4 ,9 ,rub5s !re is a di/9ct & consci\s developm5t ( l9e1 b no developm5t ( =m4 ,russell1 9 8 lat] canvases1 sets d[n a c5tral =m :i* dictates bo? ! cont9uity ( ! picture & its =mal complications4 ,8 g5]at+ c5tre is n l a motif ^: "* impr9ts itself on all its developm5ts1 b r l a se$ out ( :i* ! diff]5t =ms gr[--a direct+ c5tre :i* inspires & ord]s its environm5t4 ,9 f9e1 ! surr\nd+ =ms are n a developm5t ( ! c5tral "o1 b a result ( x4 ,?is type ( composition corresponds to ! melodic composition 9 music4 ,9 ! lat] works ( ,macdonald-,wright ! motif =m ( composition is a*iev$4 ,9 ,cezanne !re are =ms ^: p>allels are repeat$ 9 v>i$ developm5t ?r\gh\t ! "w & are rhy?mically ord]$ into blocks4 ,b :ile ^! =ms resemble motif repetition1 !y are n g5]at$ by rhy?m b unit$ by x4 ,9 ,macdonald-,wright's canvases ! rhy?mic cont9uation ( a c5tral =m con/itute ! movem5t ( ! picture z well z ! f9al "* ( x4 ,9 8 ,arm ,organisation 9 ,blue-,gre5 "o c disc]n ne> ! c5tre a small & arbitr>y int]pretation ( ! con/ructional =m ( ! human arm4 ,! movem5t ( ^! =ms ?r[s (f o!r l9es & =ms :i*1 ?r\gh _m v>iations & c\nt]-/atem5ts1 recon/ruct ! arm 9 a l>g] way4 ,aga9 ^! l9es ( ! l>g] arm1 9 conjunction ) ! l9es ( ! small] "o1 evoke a fur!r set ( =ms :i* break into p>ts ea* ( :i* is a cont9uation or a re/atem5t ( ! orig9al arm motif1 v>i$ & develop$4 ,macdonald-,wright holds t ! =ms :i* we h exp]i5c$ 9 our contact ) nature are m expressive & div]se ?an ^? :i* are born ( ! inv5tive intellig5ce4 ,b1 :ile x is true t e realisation ( ae/hetic movem5t or ( ! rhy?m ( =m is bas$ on ! movem5t ( ! human body1 x is n true t ! human body is a necess>y f\ndation = =m alone4 ,h[ev]1 ,macdonald-,wright1 9 int]pret+ ! human =m1 makes use m]ely ( ! direction & c\nt]poise ( volume2 he does n indulge 9 ! depiction ( limbs & torso3 ! body is only 8 inspiration to ab/raction4 ,he *anges & %ifts its =ms out ( any sup]ficial resemblance to nature4 ,9 8 desire to cl+ to a solid & immutable f\ndation we recognise an arti/ :o realises h[ meagre is ! inc5tive to create ab/ract compositions4 ,) c5turies ( tradition urg+ him to a reali/ic r5d]+ ( ! life ab\t him1 he f9ds x difficult to break entirely ) realism & to create )\t ref]r+ to mat]iality4 ,p]haps "s day he w ev5 =go ! inspiration f\nd 9 ! comb9$ =ms 9 nature4 ,8 "w is t5d+ t[>d t ultimate fre$om1 z also is ,russell's4 ,su* a developm5t1 h[ev]1 _c be def9itely pr$ict$1 b "o c say1 )\t dogmatism1 t 9 ! future _! "w w become sur]1 _! compositions ( a high] & m complete ord]4 ,) _! k ( ! fundam5tals ( rhy?mic organisation1 :i* is well 9 advance ( t ( ! o!r pa9t]s ( today1 _! progress seems assur$4 ,_! po/ulates are too def9ite to p]mit ( ! introduction ( lit]>y or musical transc5d5talism2 & _! apports are too significant to p]mit ( any retrogression t[>d metaphysics or drama4 ,_! palette has become co-ord9at$ & rationalis$4 ,_! composition is f\nd$ on ! human body 9 movem5t4 ,& _! col\r1 9 its pla/ic s5se1 takes into consid]ation space1 light & =m4 ,^! factors repres5t _! te*nical assets4 ,) ^! pa9t]s comes into be+ an art divorc$ f all ! entanglem5ts ( photography1 ( piecemeal creation1 ( inh>monic grop+s1 ( lit]ature & ( data hunt+4 ,b !y mu/ n be reg>d$ m]ely z inv5tors ( new pictorial me?ods1 = _! discov]ies h already tak5 significant ae/hetic =m4 ,z ,r5oir complet$ ! fir/ cycle ( mod]n art :i* 0 u%]$ 9 by ,turn] & ,delacroix1 s h ! ,syn*romi/s complet$ ! cycle ( :i* ,cezanne is ! ar*aic fa!r4 ,!y h discov]$ ! concrete means :]e) to br+ ab\t 8 desires4 ,x rema9s n[ = ! pa9t]s ( today & ( ! future to realise m fully ! dreams ( a high] art hi/ory4 ,) ! ,syn*romi/s !re is no sy/em or me?od o!r ?an a purely p]sonal "o4 ,! ^w ,syn*romism1 adopt$ by !m to avoid obnoxi\s classification "u a =eign bann]1 means simply ) col\r4 ,x does n expla9 a mann]ism or indicate a special trait1 z d ,cubism1 ,futurism & ,neo-,impressionism4 ,x is z op5 z ! t]m musician4 ,z a s*ool x c nev] exi/4 ,inde$ x is ! fir/ graphic art ! application ( ^: pr9ciples _c be le>n$ by a c\rse ( in/ruction4 ,arti/s employ+ its means mu/ dep5d entirely on _! own ability to create4 ,9 ,syn*romi/ pictures ! good or bad results _c be obscur$ by ! introduction ( =eign elem5ts1 z 9 ! case ( pictures :]e9 nature is copi$4 ,russell & ,macdonald-,wright h already repudiat$ ! appellation ( ,syn*romi/ & call !mselves m]ely pa9t]s1 =1 s9ce ,cezanne1 pa9t+ means1 n ! art ( t9t+ draw+ or ( correctly imitat+ natural objects1 b ! art :i* expresses itself only ) ! m$ium inh]5t 9 x--col\r4 ,all significant pa9t+ to come mu/ necess>ily make use ( ,syn*romi/ means1 al?\gh =m & composition--t is1 ! creative expression--may be z arbitr>y or p]sonal z ! arti/ desires4 ,9 ! ,syn*romi/s' late/ prospectus are to be f\nd ! foll[+ comm5ts3 ,9 our pa9t+ col\r becomes ! g5]at+ function4 ,pa9t+ be+ ! art ( col\r1 any quality ( a picture n express$ by col\r is n pa9t+4 ,an art ^: ambition x is to be pure %\ld express itself only ) means inh]5t 9 t art4 ,! relation ( spacial emotions & ( ! emotions ( d5sity & transp>5cy :i* we wi% to express1 dictates to u ! col\rs mo/ capable ( transmitt+ ^! s5sations to ! spectator4 ,9 ?us creat+ ! subjective emotion ( dep? & rhy?m we a*ieve ! dreams ( pa9t]s :o talk ( draw+ ! spectator into ! c5tre ( ! picture2 b in/ead ( 8 be+ drawn !re m]ely by intellectual processes he is envelop$ 9 ! picture by tactile s5sation4 ,we limit ourselves to ! expression ( pla/ic emotions4 ,we c no long] conceive ( ! /upid juxtapositions ( col\rs devoid ( any rhy?mic int]l9k+ z art organisations4 ,! ,syn*romi/s d n pret5d to h inv5t$ new qualities = art b to h br\ght to pa9t+ a new vision :i* p]mits !m to express ! old qualities ) a great] pot5cy ?an =m]ly4 ,,xiv ,,! ,,less] ,,mod]ns ,decad5ce is simply ! inability to create new tissue4 ,9 pa9t+ x manife/s itself 9 two ways3 ei!r 9 ! endeav\r ( an arti/ to turn ! att5tion f new & precise proc$ures to antiquat$ & irrelevant ones2 or 9 ! arti/'s desire to base 8 inspiration on ! great "w ( an imm$iate =]unn] r ?an on ! f\ndation ( all vitality1 nature4 ,9 nei!r case is new mat]ial be+ add$ to ! sum ( art4 ,decad5ce usually takes ! =m ( a facile imitation ( ! surface aspect ( a ma/]1 n infrequ5tly mak+ t ma/]'s results pretti]1 m flu5t & m attractive4 ,?is is a natural & inevitable consequ5ce ( copy+ ! objective side ( a great "w :i* orig9ally 0 ! outgr[? ( a pr(\nd ae/hetic philosophy4 ,decad5ts1 z a g5]al rule1 are suffici5tly analytic to s5se _! own paucity ( con/ructive g5ius4 ,9 recognis+ t nature c nev] inspire !m to significant co-ord9ations1 !y are cont5t to accept1 ) slight modifications1 ! arti/ic /&>ds ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,!y v>y ! art t has gone be=e to meet ! ne$s ( _! own temp]am5ts4 ,9 _m cases highly m]itori\s "w results4 ,! ^w decad5t is n :olly deprecatory4 ,(t5 ! decad5t is a compet5t compos] 9 ! ab/ract4 ,by pres5t+ 9 an attractive way 8 own p]sonal ta/es1 he sometimes makes 8 art bo? int]e/+ & beautiful4 ,8 decad5ce lies 9 8 retrogression f ! po9t to :i* ! art ( 8 day has arriv$ & 9 8 inability to introduce a new elem5t to comp5sate = ?is retrogression4 ,no am\nt ( individuality c bridge ?is gap4 ,_m pa9t]s1 l ,gaugu91 h react$ aga9/ a*ievem5t b h possess$ a tang5tial vitality :i* 9 itself has be5 a new contribution to ae/hetic endeav\r4 ,o!r pa9t]s1 l ,r5oir1 :ile introduc+ no innovations1 h1 by tal5t$ & compreh5sive ef=ts1 duplicat$ & improv$ ^u ! art ( ! late/ creative ma/]s & !reby pu%$ =w>d ! highe/ /&>ds4 ,!y are n decad5ts1 = _! "w exhibits no det]ioration4 ,ev5 decad5ts may be excell5t arti/s4 ,gasp> de ,cray] 0 und\bt$ly a great arti/ ?\gh an (f%oot ( ,rub5s2 & ,giampietr9o & ,ces>e da ,se/o 7 bo? solid & intellig5t pa9t]s1 ?\gh !y did n rival _! ma/]1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,!re has und\bt$ly be5 great sculpture s9ce ! ,r5aissance2 b ,mi*elangelo clos$ up = all "t ! pla/ic possibilities ( clay & m>ble1 & consequ5tly1 !re be+ no new function+ elem5t to be introduc$ into x1 all sculpture s9ce 8 day has be5 9 ! broad s5se decad5t4 ,mod]n pa9t+ has _h its decad5ts also--m5 :o h attempt$ to rev]t to a /]ile pa/ or :o h foll[$ 9 ! pa?s blaz$ by o!rs )\t approa*+ ! a*ievem5ts ( ! pa9t]s imitat$4 ,?is latt] class has its usages1 = x t5ds to l5d impetus to ! movem5t x foll[s4 ,! m5 compos+ x are popul>ly call$ expon5ts1 & ! appellation is j4 ,!re are pa9t]s 9 all c\ntries today :o adh]e to ,impressioni/ me?ods1 & !reby keep ev] be=e u "o ( ! great /eps 9 ! developm5t ( mod]n pa9t+4 ,cezanne has und\bt$ly be5 giv5 great] consid]ation because ( ! _m arti/s :o foll[ 8 precepts4 ,& ! num]\s imitators ( ,cubism h done mu* to focus on t movem5t ! consid]ation x des]ves4 ,9 a g5]al way all ! less] mod]n pa9t]s1 by _! fev]i% activities1 expositions & pamphlete]+1 h1 despite _! inh]5t lack ( g5u9e importance1 kept ! _w consci\s ( ! fact t x is 9 ! mid/ ( a great ae/hetic upheaval1 t new =ces are at "w1 t ! old] ord] is be+ supplant$4 ,today ne>ly e c\ntry has a gr\p ( m5 /riv+ t[>d ! new vision4 ,!y _c all be innovators ( new me?ods4 ,!y _c all c>ry =w>d ! evolution ( mod]n pa9t+4 ,b !y c at lea/ give mom5tum to ! curr5t ideals & turn out "w :i* be>s s mu* p]sonal m]it t x becomes des]v+ ( m or less s]i\s consid]ation4 ,degas & 8 circle are ( ?is class1 z are ! ,futuri/s :o1 ?\gh at bottom decad5t1 inasmu* z !y turn _! art back to illu/ration1 are a =ce :i* _c be ignor$4 ,9 ,dresd51 ,muni* & ,b]l9 are gr\ps ( mod]n m5 :o h repudiat$ ! academies & /ruck out into new fields4 ,russia has contribut$ _m "y arti/s to ! pres5t ideal4 ,engl& has n be5 altoge!r imp]vi\s to ! mod]n doctr9es4 ,am]ica is repres5t$ by fully a score ( arti/s animat$ by ! new vitality4 ,& 9 ,france !re are a hundr$ pa9t]s at "w te>+ d[n ! old] idols4 ,:ile few ( ^! m5 c lay claim to introduc+ any intr9sically new & significant me?ods or =ms into mod]n pa9t+1 _! "w 9 _m in/ances1 :ile be+ decad5t 9 ! /rict s5se1 is nev]!less comm5dable4 ,!y are n great arti/s ev5 9 ! s5se t ,monet1 ,manet1 ,gaugu91 ,matisse & ,picasso are great2 b _m ( !m are at lea/ g5u9e arti/s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s figures among ! decad5ts is ,wassily ,k&9sky4 ,9 an age :5 all art 0 be+ arraign$ be=e ! tribunal ( biology1 physiology1 & psy*ology1 he came =w>d & attempt$ to drag x back into ! murky m$ium ( metaphysics4 ,! g5]at+ =ces ( mod]n pa9t+1 h[ev]1 re/ on no metaphysical hypo!sis4 ,to attempt to def9e =m by transc5d5tal t]ms1 or ev5 to cr$it =m ) esot]ic significance1 reveals an ignorance ( ! pr9ciples ( ae/hetic emotion4 ,=m 9 ! art s5se is a demon/rable proposition2 x is answ]able to physical laws4 ,mi*elangelo1 ,el ,greco1 ,giotto1 ,rub5s1 ,cezanne & ,r5oir bas$ composition on natural causes1 & z ea* successive arti/ has approa*$ int5sity 9 organisation1 he has come ne>] & ne>] to ! rhy?m :i* animates & controls corporeal exi/5ce4 ,a,esthetic =m1 9 ord] to become emotion-produc+1 mu/ reflect ! =m :i* is mo/ intimately associat$ ) our s5sitivities4 ,x mu/ prim>ily be physical4 ,!re is no?+ my/]i\s ab\t ae/hetic rhy?m1 & any attempt to spiritualise ! h>monies ( art c>ries art s mu* fur!r f ! tru?4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy to make objects ab/ract & to dive/ subject-matt] ( all its mimetic qualities1 has l$ "s critics & pa9t]s to ! false conclusion t =m itself is unrelat$ to recognisable ph5om5a4 ,b ev5 9 ! mo/ ab/ract ( ! great pa9t]s1 ! =m is concrete4 ,9 a broad s5se x is susceptible ( geometrical demon/ration2 & its int5sity is 9 direct ratio to its proximation to human organisms4 ,9 fact1 !re are no mov+ =ms 9 an ae/hetic organisation :i* d n h _! prototypes 9 ! human body 9 action4 ,7 ?is n true empa?y w\ld be impossible1 & )\t empa?y an arti/ic emotion is purely intellectual & associative4 ,! greate/ pa9t]s1 pa/ & pres5t1 h recognis$ ?is pr9ciple2 & art :i* does n adh]e to x is decad5t bo? 9 ! ae/hetic & ! intellectual s5se4 ,k&9sky exemplifies ?is k9d ( decad5ce4 ,:ile ! innovators up to ,matisse _h tri$ to discov] 9 nature secrets :i* w\ld aid !m 9 pla/ic expression1 ,k&9sky has tri$1 by num]\s articles & at lea/ "o complete book1 to turn back ! m9ds ( pa9t]s to ! suppos$ly my/ical elem5ts ( =m & col\r4 ,b al?\gh ?is arti/ is to be comm5d$ on 8 ef=t to make col\r significant 9 a day :5 angul> =ms ( br[n & black 7 ! keynote1 8 /udy ( col\r %\ld h begun :]e ,cezanne left (f & n ) ! writ+s ( ,maet]l9ck & ! symboli/ poets4 ,k&9sky recognises t col\r has possibilities1 b he ignores ! fact t col\r is "o ( ! physical sci5ces1 z def9ite z ^? ( ! quadrivium1 t its inductive qualities h become classifi$ & t its function+ is precise & answ]able to natural laws4 ,consequ5tly he _c co-ord9ate its gov]n+ pr9ciples1 &1 9 an attempt to rationalise x he has s\ght refuge 9 music1 an art :i* pres5ts to him ! same my/ical difficulties4 ,s long z he 0 "u ! heal?y influ5ce ( ,matisse 8 symbology 0 less evid5t2 b :5 he adopt$ a metaphysical programme x all came to ! surface4 ,k&9sky's e>ly impressions are heavy & ins5sitive ,fauve pictures4 ,8 compositions = ! mo/ "p are g5]al /atem5ts ( "s rural sc5e 9 ,matisse's mann]2 & 8 improvisations repres5t semi-ab/ract l9es delimit+ sci5tifically mean+less col\rs4 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,art ( ,spiritual ,h>mony1 he pres5ts an elaborate explanation ( ! metaphysical basis = col\r1 b he fails to contribute any ideas n to be f\nd 9 ,delacroix & ,seurat4 ,& ! pictures ) :i* he complem5ts ! text h be5 surpass$1 9 _! own mann]1 by ! ,*9ese4 ,!re are isolat$ comm5ts on col\r !ories :i* are sep>ately s\nd1 & !re are explanatory g5]alisations2 b a dilig5t se>* fails to reveal any /atem5t :i* is precise & at ! same "t new4 ,! book ref]s con/antly to music1 & !re are und5iable evid5ces ( lit]>y ?\ght2 b n[h]e is !re an explanation ( ! pla/ic significance ( col\r4 ,k&9sky is a pa9t] ( moods1 & z su* encroa*es ^u ! doma9 ( music4 ,he is a pa9t] ( ! vision ( an action )\t its objective integum5t1 & z su* he ent]s ! realm ( poetry4 ,he is ess5tially pretty1 & despite 8 ideali/ic nom5clature1 he is at bottom illu/rative & decorative4 ,:at he designates ! s\l is only associative memory1 & 8 conception ( composition is ! break+ up ( a flat surface into irregul> comp>tm5ts by l9es & m or less pure col\r4 ,l ,scriab9e he has ov]look$ ! =mal possibilities ( col\r & consequ5tly has fail$ 9 any ae/hetically emotional expression4 ,illu/ration3 ,,composition ,,no4 #b by ,,k&9sky ,k&9sky's attempts to create moods are l>gely failures because ( ! inh]5t limitations ( 8 art m$ium4 ,! arts may be syn!sis$ :5 a pr(\nd] und]/&+ ( !m has come ab\t1 b _! functionality c nev] be int]*ang$4 ,! art ( lit]ature w always be able to tell a /ory bett] ?an ! greate/ sculpture2 & ev5 a primitive song is m capable ( produc+ a mood ?an ! mo/ highly organis$ pa9t+4 ,k&9sky1 = in/ance1 fails to a*ieve :at ! ,m>seillaise a*ieves 9 music1 namely3 ! dramatic pres5tation ( an exhortation to action4 ,sep>ate1 = in/ance1 ! phrases ( ! orig9al v]sion4 ,! fir/ v]se op5s ) a r\s+ appeal :i* culm9ates on patrie1 a ^w always welcome to ! e> & he>t ( a ,fr5*man4 ,!n ! song acclaims ! glory ( ! occasion & repeats dramatically ! cause ( ! /ruggle--,contre n\s de la tyrannie l'et5d>d sanglant e/ leve4 ,!n x rec\nts ! trag$ies :i* are befall+ relatives & fri5ds at ! h&s ( ! gr[l+ soldi]s ( ! enemy2 & sudd5ly1 9 an unexpect$ voice x calls1 ,aux armes1 citoy5s6 end+ 9 a patriotic & decisive fl\ri%4 ,! music ?r\gh\t is subtly h>monis$ ) ! words3 lively dur+ ! op5+ call2 abat$ dur+ ! fir/ /atem5t ( ! cause2 animat$ ) its repetition2 m9or :5 ! tragic words occur2 vibrant & imitative ( bugles dur+ ! call to arms2 & highe/ 9 pit* at ! end4 ,?is is ! expression ( ! mood int5sifi$4 ,c\ld pa9t+ ext5d itself into "t & pres5t s+ly & 9 sequ5ce ! visions ( objective nature1 dramatically syn!sis$ ) col\r & l9e1 x c\ld p]haps influ5ce p to emotion 9 ! way music does4 ,b ! musical quality ( "t-ext5sion is impossible 9 pa9t+4 ,& s9ce a picture pres5ts a simultane\s vision1 :i* _c be o!rwise except ?r\gh a subjective process1 x is incapable ( work+ f a prelude to a f9ale l music4 ,music is ab/ract1 ?\gh firmly bas$ on ! rhy?mic movem5t ( all nature1 yet x c produce moods by f> m di/ant & f> less tangible associations ?an c pa9t+4 ,b mood 9 music is no high] a quality ?an illu/ration 9 pa9t+1 & ! highly creative arti/s ignore !m bo?4 ,! great compos] is ! "o :o1 see+ beyond ! associative !ory 9 music1 feels ! deep] pla/icity ( movem5t & =m3 & 8 pla/icity is ?is only preoccupation1 j z ! pla/ic elem5t ( col\r is ! great mod]n pa9t]'s *ief conc]n4 ,k&9sky has only tri$ to introduce an unimportant elem5t ( "o art into ano!r art4 ,:ile ! proc$ure has a sup]ficial ta/e ( novelty x is no m cr$itable ?an if he _h decl>$ himself frankly = illu/ration & jo9$ ! ranks ( ,degas & 8 s*ool4 ,he has n prob$ into ! pregnant recesses ( pa9t+ & attempt$ to discov] ! mean+ ( =m4 ,he has cont5t$ himself ) obscur+ ! del9eations ( natural objects 9 su* a mann] t ! behold] feels l$ to deciph] 8 cryptic realities4 ,! sugge/ion ( actuality is !re1 b !re be+ no o!r /rong attraction 9 ! picture1 ae/hetic or o!rwise1 ! spectator sets to "w to p5etrate its objective mean+4 ,9 ! majority ( cases he succe$s1 & ga9s !reby a satisfaction simil> to t ( hav+ solv$ a simple problem 9 fractions4 ,9 pa9t+ moods1 :i* he ref]s to z spiritual impressions1 int]nal h>monies1 psy*ic effects & s\l vibrations1 ,k&9sky does n attempt to depict ! dynamic =ces :i* produce moods1 b /rives to int]pret 8 own emotional impressions by means ( semi-symbolic & semi-naturali/ic visions & by inspirational me?ods4 ,unable to ally ! elem5ts ( col\r & l9e to a giv5 !me1 he cont5ts himself ) giv+ u a *aotic impression by su* means z he p]sonally associates ) 8 mood3 & s9ce ?is k9d ( association is l>gely individual1 8 depiction ( ! mood is incompreh5sible to anyone n temp]am5tally & m5tally at "o ) him4 ,did he und]/& ! inh]5t psy*ological dramatic significance ( col\rs & l9es he c\ld repres5t a univ]sally mov+ vision1 & !reby atta9 9 a small degree ! end = :i* he aims4 ,b 8 feel+ = col\r especially is s vague & unsci5tific t x is1 aft] all1 a p]sonal ?+1 & 8 graphic repres5tation ( a mood is little m ?an an individual & purely otiose expression4 ,ev5 ,c>ra1 9 8 col\rless ,fun]al ( ! ,an>*i/ ,galli1 approa*es ne>] ! creation ( a mood ?an does ,k&9sky 9 8 be/ canvases1 = 9 ,c>ra !re is exhibit$ a c]ta9 k ( ! dramatic use ( l9e :i*1 :5 comb9$ ) recognisable subject-matt]1 augm5ts ! !matic drama4 ,despite 8 complete preoccupation ) col\r ,k&9sky is decad5t m ?an ,van ,gogh to :om arti/ically he is closely relat$1 because ! progress ( mod]n pa9t+ is t[>d purity1 t[>d creation by means ( a unique elem5t1 t[>d an art :i* expresses only ! qualities ( :i* t art is ! mo/ highly capable4 ,:5 o!r consid]ations ent] into x1 x is at once drawn back t[>d illu/ration1 & its f9al defecation is po/pon$4 ,happily ,k&9sky1 an explor] ( ! limitless realms ( metaphysics1 has giv5 u no m specific a po/ulate ?an t col\r has mean+4 ,?\gh he =mulates _m vaguely associative !ories 7su* z ke5 yell[ looks s\r because x recalls ! ta/e ( a lemon1 a %ade ( r$ w cause pa9 or disgu/ ?r\gh association ) runn+ blood1 & 9 ! hi]>*y ( col\rs gre5 is ! b\rgeoisie--self-satisfi$1 immovable1 n>r[72 he nev]!less relies l>gely on in/9ct = _! application4 ,:ile attempt+ to turn pa9t]s' m9ds f ! precise discov]ies ( col\ri/s to a pseudo-philosophical consid]ation ( col\r1 he is too g5]al & ambigu\s to inspire ext5sive imitation4 ,already pa9t]s s9ce him h gone =w>d 9 ! great "w ( rese>* begun by ! ,impressioni/s4 ,if ,k&9sky1 z a !ori/1 is cabali/ic & illusory1 he a*ieves a c]ta9 decorative prett9ess 9 8 "w4 ,?\gh 8 ideas are old1 ! appe>ance ( 8 canvases is new3 & x is m]ely ?is novelty ( conception1 c\pl$ ) 8 t5d5cy t[>d ab/raction1 :i* makes him ( int]e/1 & !n only z a !oretical deviation f ! "w ( ,gaugu91 ,matisse & ! ,ori5tals4 ,8 col\r is n )\t visual *>m1 & 8 composition (t5 has ! fasc9ation ( ! delicate patt]ns f\nd 9 ! ,*9ese4 ,9 fact1 ,k&9sky's compositional debt to ! ,*9ese is l>ge4 ,8 ,improvisation ,no4 #bi is almo/ id5tical ) a pa9t+ by ,r9 ,teikei1 & _m ( 8 pictures appe> l curv$-l9e g5]alisations ( ,*9ese gr\p+s1 or ! =ms 9 ,*9ese backgr\nds4 ,l ! ,cubi/s ,k&9sky is a /ep t[>d arbitr>9ess 9 =mal composition1 b 8 advance is less significant ?an !irs4 ,9 8 desire to illu/rate a mood & produce a correspond+ psy*ic emotion 9 ! spectator he is a transc5d5talis$ ,futuri/4 ,8 ontological t]m9ology has giv5 an impetus to 8 popul>ity1 b x has t5d$ un=tunately to obscure 8 wor? z a mak] ( arabesques4 ,( a diff]5t decad5t type are ,bonn>d1 ,vuill>d & ,k4-,x4 ,r\ssel :o call !mselves ! ,intimi/s4 ,^! arti/s desc5d 9 l>ge measure f ,matisse1 & ?\gh o!r & sometimes /rong] influ5ces ent] _! "w1 !y are 9 a g5]al way m closely ak9 to him ?an any o!r mod]n pa9t]4 ,_! appe>ance is m academic &1 9 ! decorative s5se1 pretti] ?an t ( ,matisse4 ,also1 !re is 9 _! pictures a great] p]p5dicul>ity ?an 9 ! "w ( _! ma/]4 ,! angul> & ! p]p5dicul> always repres5t ! second compositional /ep f symmetricality to ord]3 !y are indicative ( ! e>lie/ /age ( ae/hetic consci\sness4 ,!y are f\nd 9 ! ,egyptians1 ,pho5icians1 ,assyrians1 ,*aldeans1 & 9 all ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 & 9 ,gaugu9 & ,puvis de ,*avannes4 ,! arti/s :o use !m h awak5$ to ! fact t *aos is n conducive to emotional satisfaction4 ,9 p]p5dicul> l9es !re is a primitive s5se ( fitness1 = "o feels !y are bo? well-plant$ & immovable4 ,n infrequ5tly !y are employ$ by ! decad5ts ( a movem5t or an epo* because !y h>monise s neatly & uno/5tati\sly ) pretty col\rs & delicate !mes4 ,! ,futuri/s f\nd 9 !m a ready means to a decorative ord]4 ,bonn>d1 ! mo/ g5u9e arti/ ( ! gr\p1 uses p]p5dicul>ity ( arrangem5t m consci\sly ?an does ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,he /udi$ 9 ! same class ) ,maurice ,d5is at ! ,academie ,juli51 & 8 association ) ?is pa9t] no d\bt expla9s 8 compositional pr$ilection4 ,he is /rongly influ5c$ by ,r5oir1 al?\gh he has nev] p5etrat$ beyond ,r5oir's surface4 ,8 greys are always ri* & sombre1 & ev5 8 simple/ works are z arti/ically opul5t & lovely z ! f9e/ tape/ry4 ,inde$ 8 l>ge pa9t+s are m appropriately wall cov]+s ?an panels1 ornam5ts r ?an decorations4 ,9 !m are hot sunlight & cold %ad[ 9 sc9tillat+ succession2 & e object is put to g5u9e ornam5tal use4 ,!y seem to exhibit an unconsci\s flu5cy 9 ! employm5t ( baffl+ly div]se greys :i* are saturat$ ) col\r & appli$ s z to reveal highly _! att5tuat$ purity4 ,!re are also 9 8 "w h>moni\sly horizontal l9es & pleas+ sequ5ces ( curves4 ,9 ,le ,j>d9 a l9e />ts ) ! head ( a man on ! left1 cont9ues along 8 arm & leg & ! s(a back1 & rea*es an apex 9 ! *ild's head to ! "r ( ! c5tre1 s9ks by way ( ! head ( ! woman on ! "r to ! man's arm1 is !n caught up aga9 by ! cont\r ( 8 legs1 is p>allel$ by ! outl9e ( ! ne>e/ /&+ *ild's dress & face & ! face ( ! kneel+ girl1 is cont9u$ 9 ! bottom ( ! skirt ( ! *ild seat$ on ! s(a1 & !n becomes horizontal 9 a p]fect cont9uation ( ! table's surface4 ,! l9e is beautiful & /udi\sly made1 & is po9t$ out "h = ! purpose ( %[+ ! simple ordonnance (t5 f\nd 9 ! less] arti/s4 ,nor is x ! only l9e 9 ! canvas4 ,!re are o!rs z h>moni\s & z beautiful2 b :at keeps ! picture f be+ a great composition1 al?\gh its =ms are solid & well adapt$ to _! spaces1 is its lack ( opposition or solution ( w>r+ elem5ts4 ,if we d n try to class ,bonn>d ) ! greate/ arti/s1 we are =c$ to praise him4 ,he is unpret5ti\s1 highly gift$1 has a well-develop$ s5se ( ! beautiful1 & is possess$ ( a mo/ s5sitive eye4 ,he is nei!r an illu/rator ( nature nor ( moods1 b an arti/ :o pa9ts to obta9 ae/hetic expression1 )\t ! arri]e p5see ( a !oretical me?od4 ,he is "o ( ! mo/ purely pleas+ pa9t]s ( mod]n times4 ,vuill>d1 a pa9t] ( int]iors1 owes 8 inspiration z mu* to ,t\l\se-,lautrec z to ,gaugu94 ,l ,bonn>d he uses greys ( dry & mat col\r1 b 8 h>monies are slight] & ( light] tonality ?an ^? ( ,bonn>d4 ,pr(it+ by ! ,impressioni/s' light discov]ies he has done "s v admirable int]iors2 "s ( 8 works are m mod]n & arti/ic ,:i/l]s4 ,8 art is "o 9 :i* ! spott+ ( masses = ! sake ( balance supplants any attempt to produce g5]at+ l9es4 ,z ) ,bonn>d & ,r\ssel !re is 9 him a /riv+ aft] beautiful surfaces1 mati]es :i* 9 !mselves w tempt ! amateur4 ,9 ?is common pursuit ! ,intimi/s %[ !mselves to be ! successors ( ,degas2 b !y are successors :o1 hav+ tak5 to he>t ! tea*+s ( m significant =]unn]s1 repres5t a /urdi] decad5ce ?an t ( ,degas4 ,k4-,x4 ,r\ssel is a fem9is$ ,p\ss94 ,he se>*es solely = effect1 & 8 canvases h ! s+ul> *>m ( enamel4 ,7 !y small] !y w\ld make admirable broo*es & vases4 ,he too has made tape/ries1 b 9 _s !y are less mod]n ?an ! correspond+ ef=ts ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,8 compositions embody r$di% satyrs & nymphs1 int5se blue sky1 yell[-gre5 foliage & yell[ gr\nd4 ,8 draw+ nev] has m ?an ! rudim5t>y *>m ( s*ool-room tal5t1 :ile t ( ,vuill>d is subjugat$ to 8 col\r application1 & t ( ,bonn>d is in/9ctively de=m$ to ! ne$s ( l9e & decorative necessity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,le ,,j>d9 by ,,bonn>d ,maurice ,d5is is m directly an outcome ( ! s*ool ( ,pont-,av5 ?an are ! ?ree prec$+ m54 ,8 syn!tic figures 7 fir/ se5 9 ,c\rbet1 !n 9 ,puvis de ,*avannes1 !n 9 ,besn>d & ,gaugu94 ,9 ,d5is !y h lo/ mu* ( _! significance & h once m become prim>ily academic4 ,!re 0 a "t ab\t #ahij :5 ,d5is's col\r 0 n aggressively disagreeable4 ,x 0 subjugat$ to a c]ta9 greyness :i* 0 appli$ 9 little spots resembl+ ! black-&-:ite /ippl+ ( "s ( ,seurat's draw+s4 ,n[ 8 col\r has gr[n acid & unpleasant4 ,8 l9e is /iff & vitiat$ & lacks ev5 ! quality ( a pleas+ silh\ette4 ,he has writt5 a book ( !ories1 b x has help$ him little 9 8 arti/ic a*ievem5ts4 ,he is ! anti!sis ( ,bonn>d1 & 8 col\rs possess almo/ no h>moni\s int]relation4 ,9 him !re are a few p]p5dicul> l9es1 b "o may seek 9 va9 = evid5ces ( co-ord9ation4 ,_m ( 8 figures are appropriat$ f ! works ( ! old ma/]s1 b because he fails to adapt !m s5sitively to 8 ne$s1 !y lose1 r ?an ga91 9 beauty by ! transf]4 ,he is at times symbolic & allegoric1 & :ile "o might ov]look ?is lit]>y phase ( 8 art1 provid$ !re 7 o!r qualities to comp5sate = x1 he fails to exhibit a complete appreciation ( ! ae/hetic possibilities ( 8 models1 & consequ5tly becomes m]ely an expon5t ( adopt$ mann]isms4 ,8 popul>ity has entirely to d ) qualities unrelat$ to pa9t+4 ,judg$ by a purely ae/hetic /&>d he is inf]ior to an ,augu/us ,john1 a ,desvalli]es1 a ,b\rdelle or a ,wyndham ,lewis4 ,! highly tal5t$ ,&re ,d]a9 is ano!r syn!tic pa9t]4 ,he is s9c]ely mov$ by multiramose tree =ms & ! sunlight effects ( ,prov5ce1 & 8 admiration = ,cezanne l$ him into c]ta9 mann]isms :i* h = _! object a facilitation ( ! ,aix ma/]'s me?ods4 ,9 8 use ( s(t yell[s1 hot e>? tones1 deep w>m gre5s & light blues1 he reveals 8 debt to ! mod]n t5d5cy t[>d col\r4 ,by outl9+ 8 objects ) heavy cont\rs1 he has acquir$ errone\sly a reputation = virility1 & ?\gh he aspires to composition1 he only a*ieves patt]n4 ,he is mu* l ! ,sc&9avian1 ,o?on ,friesz1 :o1 hav+ absorb$ ! ext]iors ( ,matisse & ,cezanne1 & hav+ read ,cezanne's lett] recomm5d+ ,p\ss9 remade on nature1 has turn$ 8 att5tion to ?is old ,titian (f%oot & endeav\rs to give u a rev]sion to /yle4 ,at "o "t he us$ col\r freely1 b he n[ pa9ts ) o*res1 blues1 blacks1 gre5s & an occasional r$--a gamut l ,d]a9's1 only yell[]4 ,he too has a heavy te*nique & a reputation = virility4 ,maurice de ,vlam9ck is ano!r pa9t] ( simil> inspiration & palette4 ,he is mu* pretti] & has a f9] s5se ( s(t h>monies ?an ei!r ( ! o!r two4 ,he reveals a g5u9e feel+ = 8 subjects1 & always tries to introduce into 8 works a simple oppositional l9e4 ,he comes direct f ,cezanne1 & x is f pa9t+s su* z 8 t ,cezanne has acquir$ a reputation z a mak] ( arabesques4 ,de ,vlam9ck has a ri* & impell+ mati]e & an art s5se :i* is almo/ coquetti%4 ,kees van ,dong5 has /udi$ ! s5sual draw+s ( ,t\l\se-,lautrec & ! broad ext]iors ( ,matisse1 & 9 comb9+ 8 two admirations has made em95tly effective po/]s ( ne>ly h>moni\s col\rs 9 v broad planes4 ,de ,segonzac also uses att5uat$ col\rs 9 a broad mann] aft] ,matisse4 ,mangu91 ano!r ,matisse imitator1 is too academic to appeal /rongly to ^? :o h acquir$ ! mod]n vision1 despite ! primitive ord] 8 canvases at times possess4 ,fl&r9 is m decorative4 ,8 works reveal a classic p]p5dicul>ity ( composition1 & ?\gh !y are )\t a s5se ( =m1 we feel 9 !m a c]ta9 *>m ( space & air4 ,he bru%es 9 8 l&scapes broadly by planes ( light & d>k1 some:at 9 ! v e>ly mann] ( ,matisse4 ,pi]re ,laprade has arriv$ at a /yle ( surface :i* may be/ be *>act]is$ z bad tape/ry4 ,jean ,puy applies 8 pictures 9 a broad1 some:at bold1 mann]1 & 8 light tonality & angul>ities po9t to 8 hav+ l+]$ ov] ! "w ( ,cezanne4 ,lebasque is ! fem99e prototype ( ,puy4 ,8 col\r is fad$ & unemotional1 & 8 ext]iors are z flat z ! simple/ decorations4 ,madame ,m>val diff]s f ,lebasque only 9 !me4 ,mod]n decad5ce 9 ,zak1 ,r\sseau1 ,vallotton1 ,pr5d]ga/ & ,simon ,bussy manife/s itself 9 a retrogression to primitive ideals4 ,?\gh us+ ! mod]n me?ods ( simplification1 ^! m5 rev]t to a /atic & dead pa/4 ,_! aim is to revive ! mo/ anci5t mann] ( pa9t+4 ,( all ! mod]n decad5ts !y are p]haps ! mo/ devitalis+ = !y tacitly repudiate ! discov]ies ( ! new m51 & /rive to turn ! m9ds ( ! public & ( pa9t]s alike to ! /]ilities ( antiquity4 ,!y ev5 ignore ! ae/hetic pr9ciples ( ! ,r5aissance1 & by pu%+ creative expression to its fur!/ limits ( artlessness1 turn to naught ! entire a*ievem5ts ( ! great pla/ic compos]s4 ,at be/ ^! m5 are deal]s 9 decorative mat]ial4 ,simple arrangem5t is abs5t f _! works1 & col\r1 :i* = ne>ly a c5tury has f\ght = its true place 9 pa9t+1 is once m us$ z an in/9ctive means = fill+ 9 draw+s4 ,vallotton1 ?\gh a mod]n primitive1 is n alli$ to any rec5t s*ool4 ,9 appe>ance 8 "w is unlike t ( ! o!r mod]ns4 ,he disda9s all save ! simple/ means & ! mo/ re/rict$ col\rs4 ,9 him !re are no delicate plays ( light1 b broad & heavy %ad+s :i* are n )\t subtlety4 ,he is a ,teutonic ,+res--a ,fl&r9 made s]i\s z to precision & r$uc$ col\r4 ,at a di/ance 8 nude /udies are int]e/+1 = !re "o loses ! dryness & h>dness ( _! te*nical mann]--a h]itage ( ,vallotton's days ( wood engrav+s4 ,o!r mod]n pa9t]s :o elude classification1 b :o are intimately relat$ 9 a g5]al way to ! new movem5ts are ,*>les ,gu]91 ,piot1 ,spiro1 ,alcide ,le ,beau1 ,gu/ave ,jaulmes & d',espagnat4 ,?\gh !y diff] m>k$ly f ,vallotton !y are all preoccupi$ ) self-expression by means ( col\r4 ,by mak+ x a dom9ant elem5t 9 _! "w1 !y h admitt$ _! susceptibility to ! mod]n ideal & !reby h giv5 an impetus to ! _s :i* t5ds t[>d purification4 ,gu]9 is a pr(essor ( ! ,academie ,mod]ne2 & ?\gh cl++ close to conv5tional draw+1 he atta9s a slightly novel aspect 9 all 8 tape/ry-l canvases4 ,he is em95tly ( ! ,beaux-,arts tradition1 is artificial & monoton\s1 & pa9ts v l>ge pictures ) bo? ideali/ic & reali/ic !mes4 ,( ! mod]n m5 :o h f\nd 9 ,cubism _! /ronge/ ae/hetic fasc9ation de la ,fresnay is a notewor?y example4 ,s well does he und]/& ! dem&s ( ! ,picasso tradition t he has come to be look$ ^u z "o ( ! memb]s ( ! ,cubi/ gr\p4 ,8 arrangem5ts are s(t & pretty & 8 col\r is h>moni\s4 ,he has 9 fact surpass$ 9 m]it sev]al ( ! orig9al ,cubi/s4 ,fr$]ick ,et*ells & ,w4 ,rob]ts are ,engli% expon5ts ( ,cubism1 & ! latt] has done "s "w :i* rivals t ( ,picabia4 ,wyndham ,lewis1 ano!r ,engli%man1 /rives = an individual expression1 b 8 angul>ities reveal 8 debt to ,picasso1 al?\gh ! g5]al impression ( 8 pictures is ,futuri/ic4 ,! h& ( ! ,cubi/s c be f\nd 9 _m ( ! canvases ( ! mod]n ,am]icans4 ,ar?ur ,b4 ,davies1 ! mo/ popul> ( ! new m5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is at bottom a sup]ficial academician1 b he sup]imposes %all[ ,cubi/ traits on 8 two-dim5sional draw+s1 giv+ !m a spuri\sly mod]n appe>ance4 ,maurice ,/]n treats ,gaugu9 !mes ) a pale reflection ( ! e>ly geometrical ,picasso2 & simil> means are employ$ by ,c4 ,r4 ,%eel]1 ,jr41 ?\gh bo? ,matisse & ,delaunay h contribut$ to 8 art4 ,to "n all ! mod]n pa9t]s :o are consci5ti\sly battl+ aga9/ =malism & ! dry-rot ( ! academies w\ld be impossible4 ,! field is too broad3 ! activities are too num]\s4 ,few civilis$ c\ntries h escap$ ! insi/5ce ( ! new impetus4 ,by "s pa9t]s ! new me?ods are adopt$ t5tatively & by degrees4 ,o!rs fly to ! late/ phases ( art & move =w>d ) ! epo*4 ,today !re are num]\s repres5tatives ( all ! movem5ts f ,impressionism to ,syn*romism4 ,kroll & ,*ilde ,hassam1 bo? ,am]icans1 are emulators ( ,monet1 ?\gh ,hassam1 :o appe>s less mod]n ?an ,kroll1 is by f> ! m s5sitive pa9t]4 ,m>quet has done m ?an imitate ,impressionism4 ,he has syn!sis$ ,monet into a m mascul9e expression4 ,8 planes are broad & lum9\s1 & he a*ieves a di/9ct feel+ = air & di/ance by simpl] & m direct means ?an did ! ,impressioni/s4 ,w4 ,s4 ,glack5s comb9es a ,r5oir te*nique ) a mod]n purity ( col\r4 ,j4 ,d4 ,f]guson1 ! ,scot*man1 also rev]ts to ! ,impressioni/s b has le>n$ mu* f ,matisse4 ,duncan ,grant1 an ,engli%man1 is mu* m mod]n ?an ,f]guson & m compet5tly expressive ( ! new4 ,rog] ,fry has contribut$ mu* to ! mod]n impetus4 ,8 writ+s reveal a wide compreh5sion ( pres5t-day pa9t+s & 8 insight into ae/hetics is at times pr(\nd4 ,e ye> adds to ! ranks4 ,besides ! mod]n arti/s already nam$ may be m5tion$ ,be*teiev1 ,bolz1 ,lhote1 ,*agall1 ,*amaill>d1 ,zawad[sky1 ,hayd51 ,ottmann1 ,lotiron1 ,utrillo1 ,h>tley1 ,peck/e91 ,val5si1 ,jawl5sky1 ,knau]hase1 ,mu5t]1 ,tobe51 ,blo*1 ,dove1 de ,*irico1 ,walk[itz1 ,b\ss+ault1 ,kanoldt & ,granz[4 ,"o ( ! heal?ie/ movem5ts ( ! day1 ?\gh )\t novelty1 is ,vorticism ^: headqu>t]s are ,london4 ,! ,vortici/s are unre/rict$ z to !ories1 & h = _! aim ! f9al purification ( pa9t+ z well z ( ! o!r arts4 ,_! cre$ is an intellig5t "o1 & is 9 direct l9e ) ! curr5t t5d5cies4 ,z yet !y h produc$ no pictures :i* might be call$ reflective ( _! pr9ciples1 b !y h kept be=e ,engli% arti/s ! necessity ( elim9at+ ! uness5tials4 ,_! ma9 doctr9es1 s f> z pa9t+ is conc]n$1 7 set =? by ! ,syn*romi/s long be=e ! ,vortici/s came into public be+2 b by _! insi/5ce on ! basic ne$s ( purification1 !y h done valuable s]vice4 ,! ,syn*romi/s 9 _! manife/o wrote3 ,an art ^: ambition x is to be pure %\ld express itself only 9 ! means inh]5t 9 t art4444 ,pa9t+ be+ ! art ( col\r1 any quality ( a picture n express$ by col\r is n pa9t+4 ,a ye> lat] 9 ,bla/1 ! ,vortici/s' publication1 we read3 ,! ,vortici/ relies on ?is alone2 on ! prim>y pigm5t ( 8 art1 & no?+ else4444 ,e concept1 e emotion pres5ts itself to ! vivid consci\sness 9 "s prim>y =m4 ,x belongs to ! art ( ?is =m4 ,if s\nd1 to music1 if =m$ words1 to lit]ature2 col\r 9 position1 to pa9t+4444 ,all ^! pa9t]s are ! lead]s ( ! second>y inspirations 9 mod]n art1 & out ( !m gr[ o!r pa9t]s 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,!y d n z a rule g by ! "n ( any s*ool1 b !y c be class$ toge!r because 9 !m all is ! same desire to create ! novel1 to pres5t a /rik+ly diff]5t aspect f ! academies1 & to diff]5tiate !mselves individually f _! fell[s4 ,!y all feel _! incompet5cy to create new =ms1 ! necessity to foll[1 ! timidity :i* only p]mits !m to modify ! surfaces ( o!r great] m54 ,!y are ! creative expon5ts & ! decad5ts ( vital movem5ts1 & !y 9 turn h _! own imitators & decad5ts4 ,!y h felt ! ne$ = *ange1 b lack ! g5ius = new organisations4 ,t _m ( !m are s\nd arti/s x w\ld be folly to d5y4 ,b !y are 9 no s5se ( ! ^w innovators4 ,"s ( !m 9 fact are failures1 b !irs is ! consolation ( hav+ fail$ 9 attempt+ some?+ vital & repres5tative ( ! age 9 :i* !y live4 ,,xv ,,conclusion ,9 conclusion !re are sev]al po9ts :i* require acc5tuation if ! significance ( mod]n pa9t+ is to be fully grasp$4 ,!re h be5 ?ree epo*s 9 ! visual arts4 ,! fir/ 0 ! longe/1 & ext5d$ ?r\gh m ?an two c5turies4 ,! la/ two epo*s h requir$ less ?an a hundr$ ye>s = _! fulfilm5t4 ,ea* epo* dealt ) a specific phase ( pa9t+ & develop$ t phase until its possibilities 7 exhau/$4 ,! ultimate aim ( all great pa9t+ 0 purification1 b be=e t c\ld come ab\t _m !ories _h to be te/$2 _m consummations _h to take place2 _m problems _h to be solv$4 ,! laws ( =mal organisation 7 fir/ discov]$ & appli$ ) ! limit$ means at h&4 ,!n came exp]im5tation & rese>* 9 ! me*anics ( expression--! se>* = new & vital me?ods :]e) ^! pr9ciples ( composition might be bodi$ =? m int5sely4 ,lat] ! function+ prop]ties ( col\r 7 une>!d & employ$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is evolution _m irrelevant factors f\nd _! way into pa9t+4 ,! m5 ( ! fir/ epo* us$ primitive & obvi\s mat]ials to express _! =ms4 ,:5 ! new means--means inh]5t 9 pa9t+--7 asc]ta9$1 x 0 necess>y to elim9ate ! =m] m$ia4 ,! subject-matt] ( pa9t+--t is1 ! recognisable object1 ! human ob/acle--_h to be =c$ out to p]mit ( ! introduction ( col\r :i* _h become an insep>able adjunct ( =m4 ,to effect ! coalition ( pure composition & ! new] me?ods 0 a difficult feat1 = s long _h ! _w be5 accu/om$ to ! pictorial aspect ( pa9t+1 t x _h come to look ^u subject-matt] z a c>d9al requisite to pla/ic creation4 ,! fir/ epo* began ) ! adv5t ( oil pa9t+ ab\t #adjj1 & w5t =w>d1 build+ & develop+1 until x rea*$ realisation e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,kn[+ t organis$ =m is ! basis ( all ae/hetic emotion1 ! old ma/]s /rove to f9d ! psy*ological pr9ciples = co-ord9at+ volume4 ,_! means 7 naturally sup]ficial1 = _! initial conc]n 0 to det]m9e :at !y %\ld d1 n h[ !y %\ld d x4 ,9 express+ ! =m !y deem$ necess>y to great art !y us$ ! mat]ial already at _! disposal1 namely3 objective nature4 ,!y organis$ & made rhy?mic ! objects ab\t !m1 m especially ! human body :i* p]mitt$ ( _m v>iations & gr\p+s & :i* 0 9 itself a complete ensemble4 ,& fur!rmore !y _h discov]$ t movem5t--an indisp5sable attribute ( ! mo/ highly emotional composition--0 be/ express$ by ! poise ( ! human figure4 ,col\r to ^! e>ly m5 0 only an add5dum to draw+4 ,!y conceiv$ =m 9 black & :ite1 & s\ght to re9=ce _! "w by ! reali/ic use ( pigm5ts4 ,t col\r 0 an infix$ elem5t ( organisation !y nev] suspect$4 ,_! preoccupation 0 along diff]5t l9es4 ,! greate/ expon5ts ( int5se composition dur+ ?is fir/ epo* 7 ,t9toretto1 ,giorgione1 ,masaccio1 ,giotto1 ,v]onese1 ,el ,greco & ,rub5s4 ,^! m5 7 prim>ily int]e/$ 9 discov]+ absolute laws = =mal rhy?m4 ,! mimetic quality ( _! "w 0 a second>y consid]ation4 ,9 ,rub5s 7 consummat$ ! aims ( ! old] pa9t]s2 t is1 he atta9$ to ! highe/ degree ( compositional pla/icity :i* 0 possible ) ! fix$ means ( 8 p]iod4 ,9 him ! fir/ cycle t]m9at$4 ,!re 0 no long] any advance to be made 9 ! art ( pa9t+ until a new me?od ( expression %\ld be une>!d4 ,h[ev]1 ! pr9ciples ( =m laid d[n by ^! old ma/]s 7 fundam5tal & unalt]able4 ,^u !m all great pa9t+ mu/ ev] be bas$4 ,!y are intimately connect$ ) ! v organisms ( human exi/5ce1 & c nev] be *ang$ until ! nature ( mank9d %all *ange4 ,aft] ,rub5s a %ort p]iod ( decad5ce & det]ioration set 94 ,! old] me?ods no long] af=d$ inspiration4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! second cycle ( pa9t+ 0 u%]$ 9 by ,turn]1 ,con/able & ,delacroix4 ,^! m51 realis+ t until new means 7 discov]$ art c\ld be only a v>iation ( :at _h come be=e1 turn$ _! att5tion to f9d+ a proc$ure by :i* ! ambition ( ! arti/ c\ld be m pr(\ndly realis$4 ,?is second cycle 0 "o ( rese>* & analysis1 ( sci5tific exp]im5tation & data ga!r+4 ,to surpass ,rub5s 9 8 own m$ium 0 impossible3 he _h rea*$ ! ultimate outpo/ ( ae/hetic possibilities ) :at mat]ials he possess$4 ,! new m5 fir/ made inquiry into col\r f ! /&po9t ( its dramatic pot5tialities4 ,naturalism 0 born4 ,:ile ,delacroix 0 busy apply+ ! rudim5ts ( col\r sci5ce to !matic romanticism1 ,c\rbet 0 busy te>+ d[n ! t5ets ( conv5tionalism 9 subject-matt]1 & ,daumi] 0 exp]im5t+ 9 ! simultaneity ( =m & draw+4 ,manet lib]at$ ! pa9t] f set !mes1 & !reby broad5$ ! mat]ial field ( composition4 ,! ,impressioni/s foll[$1 & by lab\ri\s inve/igations into nature's me?ods1 prob$ ! secrets ( col\r 9 relation to light4 ,! ,neo-,impressioni/s w5t fur!r afield ) sci5tific obs]vations2 & f9ally ,r5oir1 assimilat+ all ! new discov]ies1 reject$ ! fallacies & co-ord9at$ ! valuable conclusions4 ,9 him 0 br\ght to a close ! naturali/ic conception ( pa9t+4 ,he 0 ! consummation ( ! second cycle4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! old] laws ( composition 7 = ! mo/ "p =gott54 ,! pa9t]s 7 too absorb$ 9 _! se>* = new means4 ,!y =got ! f\ndations ( art 9 _! en?usiasm = a full] & less re/rict$ expression4 ,! ess5tial "* ( col\r & light & ! new fre$om 9 subject selection s intoxicat$ !m t !y lo/ sight ( all t _h prec$$ !m4 ,b _! gifts to pa9t+ _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,by f9d+ new weapons ) :i* future arti/s might a*ieve ! highe/ =mal int5sity1 !y op5$ up illimitable fields ( ae/hetic endeav\r3 !y made possible ! ?ird & la/ cycle :i* result$ 9 ! f9al purification ( pa9t+4 ,( ?is cycle ,cezanne 0 ! primitive4 ,pr(it+ by ! ,impressioni/ tea*+s1 he turn$ 8 att5tion once m to ! ne$s ( composition4 ,he realis$ ! limitations ( ! naturali/ic conception1 & creat$ light :i*1 ?\gh x 0 z logical z nature's1 0 n re/rict$ to ! reali/ic vision4 ,col\r ) him became = ! fir/ "t a functional elem5t capable ( produc+ =m4 ,! absolute fre$om ( subject selection--a h]itage f ! second cycle--p]mitt$ him extreme di/ortions1 & ) ^! di/ortions 0 op5$ up ! road to ab/raction4 ,matisse made =m ev5 m arbitr>y1 & ,picasso approa*$ /ill ne>] to ! f9al elim9ation ( natural objectivity1 ?\gh bo? m5 ignor$ col\r z a g5]ator ( =m4 ,!y c>ri$ =w>d ! "w ( ,cezanne only on its mat]ial side4 ,!n ,syn*romism1 comb9+ ! progress ( bo? ,cezanne & ! ,cubi/s1 took ! f9al /ep 9 ! elim9ation ( ! illu/rative object1 & at ! same "t put aside ! local hues on :i* ! art ( ,cezanne 0 dep5d5t4 ,s9ce ! art ( pa9t+ is ! art ( col\r1 ! ,syn*romi/s dep5d$ entirely on prim>y pigm5t = ! complete expression ( =mal composition4 ,?us 0 br\ght ab\t ! f9al purification ( pa9t+4 ,=m 0 entirely divorc$ f any reali/ic consid]ation3 & col\r became an organic function4 ,! me?ods ( pa9t+1 be+ rationalis$1 rea*$ _! highe/ degree ( purity & creative capability4 ,! evolution ( pa9t+ f t9t$ illu/ration to an ab/ract art express$ :olly by ! "o elem5t inh]5t 9 x--col\r1 0 a natural & inevitable progress4 ,music pass$ ?r\gh ! same developm5t f ! imitation ( natural s\nds to h>monic ab/raction4 ,we no long] consid] su* compositions z ,! ,battle ( ,prague or ,mona/]y ,bells ae/hetically comp>able to ,korngold's ,symphonietta or ,s*o5b]g's ,opus ,,ii4 ,& yet 9 pa9t+ ! great majority conf9es its judgm5t to t phase ( a picture :i* is irrelevant to its ae/hetic importance4 ,s long h =m & composition express$ !mselves ?r\gh recognisable ph5om5a t ! cognitive object has come to be look$ ^u z an end1 :]eas x is only a means to a subjective emotion4 ,! _w /ill dem&s t a pa9t+ %all repres5t a natural =m1 t is1 t ! basis ( pa9t+ %all be illu/ration4 ,! illu/rative object 0 employ$ by ! old] pa9t]s only because _! means 7 limit$1 because !y _h no pr(\nd] me?od :]e) to express !mselves4 ,& ev5 ) !m ! human body 0 delib]ately disproportion$ & alt]$ to meet ! ne$s ( composition4 ,:5 ! prop]ties ( col\r began to be und]/ood1 ! old] me?ods 7 no long] requir$4 ,col\r itself became =m4 ,b s deeply root$ 0 ! illu/rative prec$5t t no "o pa9t] _h ! c\rage to elim9ate objectivity at "o /roke4 ,cezanne took ! fir/ great /ep2 ,matisse1 ! second2 ,cubism ! next2 & ,syn*romism ! f9al "o4 ,s long z pa9t+ deals ) objective nature x is an impure art1 = recognisability precludes ! highe/ ae/hetic emotion4 ,all pa9t+1 anci5t & mod]n1 moves u ae/hetically only 9 s f> z x possesses a =ce ov] & beyond its mimetic aspect4 ,! av]age spectator is unable to diff]5tiate 8 lit]>y & associative emotions f 8 ae/hetic ec/asy4 ,=m & rhy?m alone are ! bases ( ae/hetic enjoym5t3 all else 9 a picture is sup]fluity4 ,!re=e a picture 9 ord] to repres5t its int5se/ emotive p[] mu/ be an ab/ract pres5tation express$ entirely 9 ! m$ium ( pa9t+3 & t m$ium is col\r4 ,!re are no long] any exp]im5ts to be made 9 me?ods4 ,=m & col\r--! two p]man5t & inali5able qualities ( pa9t+--h become synonym\s4 ,anci5t pa9t+ s\nd$ ! dep?s ( composition4 ,mod]n pa9t+ has s\nd$ ! dep?s ( col\r4 ,rese>* is at an end4 ,x n[ rema9s only = arti/s to create4 ,! means h be5 p]fect$3 ! laws ( organisation h be5 laid d[n4 ,no m innovatory movem5ts are possible4 ,any s*ool ( ! future mu/ necess>ily be compositional4 ,x c be only a v>iation or a modification ( ! pa/4 ,! me?ods ( pa9t+ may be complicat$4 ,new =ms may be f\nd4 ,b x is no long] possible to add any?+ to ! means at h&4 ,! era ( pure creation beg9s ) ! pres5t day4 ,^? :o g to pa9t+ = anecdote1 drama1 ar*aeology1 illu/ration or any o!r quality :i* is n /rictly ae/hetic1 w\ld d well to conf9e _! att5tion & _! comm5ts to ! academicians ( :om !re is & always has be5 an abundant supply4 ,let !m keep _! h&s (f ^? arti/s :o /rive = high] & m et]nal manife/ations4 ,! greate/ arti/s ( e age h nev] s\ght to appeal to ! lov]s ( reality & s5tim5t4 ,nor h !y wi%$ to be judg$ by /&>ds :i* consid]$ only v]isimilitude & te*nical pr(ici5cy4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( pa9t+ t lit]>y impurities %\ld h accompani$ its developm5t1 & x is ! irony ( s]i\s endeav\r t on acc\nt ( ^! impurities !re has be5 an indef9ite def]m5t ( any g5u9e appreciation ( pa9t+4 ,x is difficult to conv9ce a man :o has n exp]i5c$ ! great ae/hetic emotions :i* art is capable ( produc+1 t !re is an intoxication to be d]iv$ f ! contemplation ( art ke5] ?an t ( association1 s5tim5t or drama4 ,n kn[+ t great] delights await him once he has p5etrat$ b5ea? ! surface1 he has dogg$ly combat$ e ef=t to elim9ate ! irrelevant accretions4 ,b if pa9t+ 0 to rea* its highe/ po9t ( arti/ic creation1 its reali/ic aspect _h to g4 ,:5 col\r became pr(\ndly und]/ood1 no long] c\ld ! arti/ apply x accord+ to ! dictates ( nature4 ,x lo/ its prop]ties z decoration & z an enhancem5t ( ! naturali/ic vision4 ,its dem&s fre$ ! arti/ f ! tyranny ( nature4 ,9 becom+ pure1 pa9t+ drew fur!r & fur!r away f mimicry2 & ! sup]ficial lov] ( pa9t+1 enslav$ by ! ignorant & rigid /&>ds ( ! pa/1 prote/$ ) great] & great] vehem5ce4 ,! misund]/&+ :i* has atta*$ to mod]n pa9t+ has be5 colossal4 ,! new] m51 because !y h d>$ se>* = means ( expression sup]ior to ^? ( ! pa/1 h met ) ridicule & abuse4 ,f ,delacroix to ,syn*romism ! critics & public h f\ght e advance4 ,immur$ 9 tradition1 _! m9ds h be5 unable to grasp ! mean+ ( ! new activities or to s5se ! arti/'s ne$ = pure creation4 ,no s*ool has escap$ ! obloquy ( ! pr(essional critic :o1 judg+ art f its sup]ficial & unimportant side1 has fail$ to p5etrate to its fundam5tals4 ,delacroix 0 decl>$ crazy by ! lead+ critics4 ,! ,j\rnal des ,arti/es said ( him1 ,we d n say ?is man is a *>latan1 b we d say ?is man is ! equival5t ( a *>latan4 ,! ,obs]vateur des ,beaux-,arts1 comm5t+ on ?is arti/'s failure to procure an aw>d1 rem>k$1 ,delacroix1 ! lead] ( ! new s*ool1 receiv$ no hon\rs1 b 9 ord] to recomp5se him1 he 0 accord$ a two h\rs' seance ea* day 9 ! morgue4 ,gros1 ,delecluze & ,alfr$ ,nettem5t are conspicu\s among ! academicians & critics :o bitt]ly oppos$ ,delacroix's innovations4 ,c\rbet met ) a simil> reception4 ,gauti]1 aft] /udy+ "o ( 8 pictures1 wrote1 ,"o does n "k :e!r to weep or laugh4 ,!re are heads :i* recall ! ensigns ( tobacconi/s & ( ! m5ag]ie4 ,clem5t de ,ris said ( ,c\rbet's "w1 ,x is ! glorification ( vulg> ugl9ess2 & de ,*5nevi]es call$ "o ( 8 f9e/ pictures an ignoble & impi\s c>icature4 ,ev5 ,manet1 ^: radicalism 0 slight1 br\ght d[n ^u himself ! abuse ( ! critics = d>+ to pa9t mod]n !mes4 ,cl>etie drew ! foll[+ conclusion f ! ,olympia3 ,"o _c reproa* ,manet = idealis+ vi]ges folles1 = he makes ( !m vi]ges sales4 ,! rem>k 0 *>act]i/ic4 ,manet revolt$ aga9/ classic subjects1 & = 8 mod]nity 0 excoriat$ by ! moral traditionali/s4 ,! e>ly ,impressioni/s1 z pretty z !y 71 did n escape critical abuse4 ,b5jam9 ,con/ant call$ !m ! s*ool ( snobs1 ! consci\s or unconsci\s enemies ( art1 & add$1 ,_! days are numb]$4 ,alb]t ,wolff 0 m v5om\s4 ,^! soi-disant arti/s1 he wrote1 call !mselves ! intransig5ts4 ,!y take canvases1 col\rs & bru%es1 fl+ at haz>d sev]al tones1 & !n sign ! "w4 ,x is ?us t ! w&]+ spirits at ,ville-,evr>d pick up pebbles on ! highway & ?9k !y h f\nd diamonds4 ,hide\s spectacle ( human vanity /ray+ t[>d dem5tia6 ,paul ,mantz's rem>ks 7 simil>4 ,8 criticism 9 "p read3 ,be=e ! works ( c]ta9 memb]s ( ! gr\p "o is tempt$ to ascribe to !m a defect ( ! eyes1 s+ul>ities ( vision :i* w\ld be ! joy ( oph?almologi/s1 & ! t]ror ( families4 7,h[ l ! rec5t criticisms ( ! v mod]n m5 does all ?is s\nd--^! accusations ( insanity1 ^! h9ts ( defective vision6 ,su* comm5ts w\ld seem to h be5 lift$ almo/ bodily by ! detractors ( ,cubism1 ,futurism & ,syn*romism47 ,r5oir %>$ a simil> fate4 ,"o lead+ critic said x 0 futile to try to expla9 to ,r5oir t ! female torso is n a mass ( decompos+ fle% ) spots ( gre5 & violet :i* d5ote ! /ate ( complete putrefaction 9 a cadav]4 ,rog] ,ballu expla9$ ! appe>ance ( ,r5oir's "w ?us3 ,at fir/ view x seem$ t 8 canvases1 dur+ _! trip f ! /udio to ! exhibition1 _h und]gone an accid5t4 ,) ! exception ( ,manet two ye>s prior to 8 dea? & ,r5oir at ! age ( sixty-eight1 n "o ( ! ,impressioni/s 0 decorat$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t4 ,!y 7 bani%$ f (ficial ,salons1 & compell$ to expose 9 private gall]ies4 ,to quote f ! critics :o d5\nc$ ,cezanne w\ld be an endless task4 ,:5 he expos$ at ! ,impressioni/ exhibition 9 ! ,rue ,peleti] 9 #ahgg he 0 univ]sally reg>d$ ) disgu/ & horror & consid]$ a b>b>ian4 ,! v5om ( ! critics 0 appall+4 ,!y attack$ him f e /&po9t1 ?\gh on "o po9t !y seem$ 9 agreem5t1 namely3 t he 0 a commun>d4 ,nor did ! abuse cease ) 8 e>ly works4 ,8 greatness has consi/5tly evad$ critics & pa9t]s alike4 ,rec5tly ! ,am]ican pa9t]1 ,william ,m4 ,*ase1 (f]$ ! sugge/ion t ,cezanne did n "k h[ to pa9t4 ,*ase's op9ion is n an isolat$ "o3 x is typical ( ! m9or academic pa9t]s & ! critics :o view art ?r\gh ! eyes ( ! pa/4 ,h5ri-,matisse is ano!r pa9t] :o has receiv$ %ort %rift f ! review]s4 ,"o ne$ n h a long memory to recall ! adv]se criticisms he provok$4 ,8 di/ortions h s]v$ z a basis = a display ( ignorance :i* has few p>allels 9 art hi/ory4 ,matisse himself has f$ fuel to ! fire4 ,9 8 int]view ) newspap] m5 he indulg$ 9 mu* high je/+1 & ! rem>ks attribut$ to him 7 9 _m in/ances blague4 ,o!rs1 judg+ him by 8 words1 h p9n$ on him ! labels ( *>latan & deg5]ate4 ,! ,cubi/s1 misund]/ood f ! fir/1 h be5 a s\rce ( ridicule r ?an ( contumely4 ,sy/ematis]s h s\ght to trace !m to ,du]]1 =gett+ t ,cezanne once wrote3 ,treat nature by ! cyl9d]1 ! sph]e & ! cone2 ! :ole put 9 p]spective1 s t ea* side ( an object & ( a plane directs itself t[>d a c5tral po9t4 ,ev5 today1 aft] ! vital contributions ( ! ,cubi/s h alt]$ ! :ole tr5d ( mod]n art1 !re are few :o see 9 !m aught b ! mat]ial = laught]4 ,! critics :o h accept$ ! ,impressioni/s & ,cezanne d5y ! m]its ( ,cubism1 v5t+ _! d]ision 9 a mann] :i* recalls ! detractors ( ! v s*ools :i* ^! critics n[ uphold4 ,syn*romism has p]haps call$ =? ! bitt]e/ prote/s4 ,x 0 ! la/ /ep 9 ! evolution ( mod]n means4 ,x _h no aff9ities ) ! academies4 ,!re 0 no foo?old 9 ?is new s*ool = ! cons]vatives & reaction>ies4 ,! ,muni* critics 7 fir/ to attack x4 ,lat] 9 ,p>is ,&re ,salmon wrote1 ,! public w believe t ,syn*romism is ! f9al movem5t ( :i* x has le>n$4 ,syn*romism is ! wor/ ( backw>d movem5ts1 a vulg> art1 )\t nobility1 unlikely to live1 z x c>ries ! pr9ciples ( dea? 9 itself4 ,les ,arts et ,les ,arti/es summ$ up ,syn*romi/s )3 ,! h\se pa9t] at ! corn] c1 :5 he wi%es1 claim t he belongs to ?is s*ool4 ,la ,plume discov]$ ! fact t ,macdonald-,wright copies ) a dirty broom ! ,slave ( ,mi*elangelo4 ,*>les ,h4 ,caff9 decl>$1 ,! :ole t5or ( _! =eword & introduction is "o ( egregi\s self-exploitation & self-adv]tisem5t4 ,?is 444 raises ! v obvi\s "q3 ',are ^! m5 megalomaniacs or *>latans8' ,possibly !y are nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,i am n 9 a position to decide4 ,^! quotations & comm5ts are set d[n to reveal ! opposition :i* ! g5u9e mod]n pa9t]s h _h to cont5d )4 ,! criticisms ( ea* movem5t repeat !mselves ) ! foll[+ "o1 ev5 to a po9t ( v]bal simil>ity4 ,! attacks on ,syn*romism are /rangely l ^? :i* companion$ ,impressionism4 ,! same faceti\sness1 ! same irrelevant d5unciation1 ! same opposition to ! new1 ! same antipa?y = progress are manife/ 9 all ! critics ( ! new pa9t+ f ,delacroix to date4 ,all arise out ( ignorance1 out ( t immobility ( m9d :i* _c judge cle>ly until a ?+ is swa!d 9 ! p]spective ( ! ye>s4 ,art has gr[n fa/] ?an ! critic's ability to compreh5d4 ,its problems are a clos$ book to him1 =1 n be+ a pa9t] himself1 he requires a long] p]iod 9 :i* to assimilate ! new ideals4 ,gradually z ! new me?ods e/abli% !mselves1 & become accept$ 7z 9 ! case ( ,impressionism71 ! critic at la/ comes abrea/ ( a movem5t2 b by t "t art has gone =w>d & left him 9 ! re>4 ,aga9 he attacks ! new4 ,all innovations are z poison to 8 sy/em1 until he aga9 becomes adju/$4 ,?us c we acc\nt = ! animosity & ridicule ) :i* ea* mod]n movem5t has be5 met4 ,nor are ! animadv]sions ( academic critics ! only ob/acles 9 ! pa? ( ae/hetic developm5t4 ,^? :o sympa?ise ) ! new )\t und]/&+ x d m h>m ?an good4 ,!re are ^? :o always accept ! late/ m5 irrespective ( _! individual m]it4 ,b mod]nity 9 itself is n a m]it1 & ! mod]n en?usia/s1 9 def5d+ ! newe/ pa9t]s1 v (t5 exp5d _! en]gies on ! undes]v+4 ,?us ! m$iocrities are giv5 prom95ce ov] ! truly great2 & ! less] arti/s are look$ ^u z repres5tative ( ! epo*4 ,aga91 ^? :o admire )\t compreh5d+ are giv5 to emphasis+ ! less important po9ts ( dep>ture 9 ! new m51 & ( ignor+ ! deep] qualities :i* repres5t ! prim>y importance ( mod]n art4 ,! true mean+ ( ! late movem5ts is !reby obscur$4 ,( ?is class ( critic ,ar?ur ,j]ome ,eddy may be m5tion$ z repres5tative4 ,by cr$it+ ! di/9ctly second-rate mod]ns ) qualities !y h only absorb$ f great] m51 & by misund]/&+ ! animat+ ideals ( today's pa9t+1 he pres5ts s disproportionate & bias$ a hi/ory t ! entire significance ( mod]n art is lo/4 ,engl&1 ,france & ,g]many possess critics :o feel ! gr&eur b miss ! mean+ ( ! new ideals1 & _! books & articles1 :ile cr$it+ ! mod]n pa9t]s ) vitality1 g little b5ea? ! surface4 ,h[ev]1 !re are a few m5 to :om ! mod]ni/ owes mu* = intellig5t assi/ance4 ,"o may "n ,mei]-,graefe z "o ( ^!1 despite 8 be+ 9 reality a pione]4 ,he has %[n an eag] attitude to d ju/ice1 & has succe$$ 9 br++ ! mod]n m5 to ! att5tion ( ! _w4 ,guillaume ,apoll9aire1 editor ( ,les ,soirees de ,p>is1 has done m intellig5t s]vice = ! y\ng] h]etics 9 ,france ?an any o!r man4 ,clive ,bell & ,rog] ,fry repres5t ! able/ & mo/ disc]n+ def5d]s ( ! mod]n _s 9 ,engl&2 al?\gh ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,orage1 by op5+ up ! columns ( ! ,new ,age1 has p]mitt$ a heal?y discussion & exposition ( ! radical art !ories4 ,9 ,am]ica mu* cr$it is due ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,/ieglitz = 8 insi/5t dem&s t ! lat] m5 be giv5 a respectful he>+4 ,by 8 sympa!tic attitude & 8 ceaseless lab\rs he has br\ght be=e ! ,am]ican public ! "w ( _m prom95t mod]n arti/s2 & 8 s9c]ity & und]/&+ h done mu* t[>d ameliorat+ ! conv5tional sc(fs ( ,am]ican critics4 ,b 7 !re no f>-see+ def5d]s ( mod]n pa9t+1 ! signs ( ! awak5+ are too num]\s & too conspicu\s to be ignor$4 ,on e h& we are consci\s ( ! /ruggle = new me?ods & =ms4 ,n all ! in]tia ( ! critics & ! public has succe$$ 9 suppress+ ! vital _s4 ,nor w x succe$4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy 9 pa9t+ _c be dismiss$ z *>latanism or extremism4 ,! ignorant & reaction>y may laugh & hurl philippics4 ,su* opposition1 if x has any effect1 w only prove a /imulus to ^? :o h exp]i5c$ ! ec/asy ( ! new "w4 ,! old dies h>d4 ,ev5 :5 ! corpse is buri$ 7z x has be57 ! gho/ l+]s4 ,b ! light w soon gr[ too /rong4 ,! gho/ 9 "t w be dissolv$4 ,= c5turies pa9t+ has be5 re>$ on a false f\ndation1 & ! crit]ia ( ae/hetic appreciation h be5 irrelevant4 ,pa9t+ has be5 a ba/>d art--an agglom]ation ( lit]ature1 religion1 photography & decoration4 ,! ef=ts ( pa9t]s = ! la/ c5tury h be5 devot$ to ! elim9ation ( all extrane\s consid]ations1 to mak+ pa9t+ z pure an art z music4 ,b s widespread is ! g5]al ignorance reg>d+ art's fundam5tals t ! mod]n m5 h be5 oppos$ at e /ep4 ,public & critical illit]acy 9 ! arts1 h[ev]1 matt]s little4 ,! pa9t]'s joy lies 9 ! rapture ( creation1 9 ! k t he is c>ry+ =w>d ! bann] ( a high ideal4 ,,index ,adoration ( ! ,wise ,m51 #dj4 ,alex&]1 ,john ,w41 #ih4 ,alti*i]o1 #aia4 ,ambassadors1 ,!1 #bd4 ,&reiev1 #eb4 ,angel9a1 #fh4 ,angelus1 ,!1 #eg4 ,anges au ,tombeau1 ,les1 #gi4 ,annunciation1 #ha4 ,anquet91 #aig4 ,antw]p ,museum1 #dj4 ,apoll9aire1 ,guillaume1 #cda4 ,apres le ,ba91 #bab4 ,ar*ip5ko1 #afc4 ,arm ,organisation 9 ,blue-,gre51 #cja4 ,art ( ,spiritual ,h>mony1 ,!1 #caj4 ,arts et ,les ,arti/es1 ,les1 #cch4 ,a%e1 ,e4 ,m41 #bba4 ,assommoir1 ,l'1 #gc4 ,assyrian art1 #gh4 ,augi]1 #baf4 ,augr&1 #age4 ,au ,piano1 #abc4 ,auri]1 #aic4 ,avignon pa9t]s1 #ajh4 ,baignade1 ,la1 #bjc4 ,baigneuse1 #ahhd1 7,r5oir71 #abj4 ,baigneuse1 #ahhh1 7,r5oir71 #abb1 #abc4 ,baigneuse au ,griffon1 ,la1 #aab4 ,baigneuse ,brune1 ,la1 #abc4 ,baigneuses1 #ahhe1 7,r5oir71 #aba1 #abe4 ,baigneuses1 #aijb1 7,r5oir71 #abe-abf1 #aeg4 ,baigneuses1 7,matisse71 #bbf1 #bce4 ,baigneuses1 ,les1 7,c\rbet71 #ef4 ,baigneuses1 ,les1 7,gleizes71 #beg4 ,ba91 ,le1 7,daumi]71 #fj4 ,ba91 ,le1 7,manet71 see ,dejeun] sur l',h]be1 ,le4 ,ba9 ,turc1 ,le1 #fi4 ,balancoire1 ,la1 #aae4 ,balla1 ,giacomo1 #bgf2 ,dog & ,p]son 9 ,movem5t1 #bgb4 ,ballu1 ,rog]1 #ccf4 ,balzac1 #be1 #baf2 ,le ,*ef-d',o,euvre ,inconnu1 #afb4 ,b>bizon s*ool1 #fi1 #gj1 #hg1 #bhd4 ,b> des ,folies-,beg]e1 ,le1 #hj4 ,bataille de ,tailleb\rg1 #dj4 ,battle ( ,prague1 ,!1 #ccb4 ,baudelaire1 #dc1 #ec4 ,baudelaire ,*ez les ,mufles1 #bai-bbj4 ,bazille1 #hi1 #ajc4 ,be>dsley1 ,aubrey1 #aha1 #bba4 ,beaux-,arts1 #aec1 #afe1 #bbc1 #cbc4 ,be]bohm1 ,max1 #fb1 #bba4 ,bee?ov51 #be1 #db1 #hb1 #aee1 #bha2 ,n9? ,symphony1 #h4 ,be*teiev1 #cbd4 ,bell1 ,clive1 #cda4 ,bell9i1 ,g5tile1 #ahh4 ,bell[s1 #bba4 ,b]n>d1 ,emile1 #acj1 #adc1 #aeb1 #aef1 #age1 #ahb1 #aie1 #aig4 ,b]nh>dt1 portrait ( ,s>ah1 #baf4 ,b]nheim-,jeune gall]ies1 #bij1 #big4 ,besn>d1 #cai4 ,blanc1 #afe4 ,bla/1 #cbe4 ,blo*1 #cbd4 ,blum5s*e91 #bba4 ,boccioni1 ,umb]to1 #bge1 #bgf4 ,boeckl91 #ba1 #bjc4 ,bolz1 #cbd4 ,bon+ton1 #cg1 #di4 ,bonn>d1 #cae1 #caf-cah1 #cah1 #cai2 ,le ,j>d91 #cag4 ,bonnat1 #bae4 ,bononi1 #bc4 ,borassa s*ool1 #aia4 ,botticelli1 #ba1 #bb1 #bh1 #ic1 #bjc4 ,b\*]1 #cd1 #ig1 #aba4 ,b\gu]eau1 #afa1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bci4 ,b\rdelle1 #cbj4 ,b\rgeois1 #ca4 ,b\ss+ault1 #cbe4 ,bracquemond1 #afe4 ,brangwyn1 #ba4 ,braque1 ,georges1 #beg1 #beh4 ,bronz9o1 #ahg4 ,bruce1 #bfb4 ,bruyas1 #ec4 ,bu5 ,viaje1 #bai4 ,bulles de ,savon1 ,les1 #hj4 ,bussy1 ,simon1 #cba-cbb4 ,buveur d',abs9!1 ,le1 #ff1 #fh4 ,byron1 #dc4 ,byzant9e art1 #i1 #ce1 #dj1 #ea1 #ic1 #bjd4 ,cabanel1 #bbb4 ,cab>et de la ,m]e ,an?ony1 ,le1 #aji4 ,cafe-,conc]t1 #bae4 ,caff91 ,*>les ,h41 #cch4 ,caillebotte ,collection1 #ih-ii1 #ajd4 ,calv>y 7,meml9c71 #bag4 ,canaletto1 #ahh4 ,capri*os1 #bbe4 ,captivite de ,babylone1 ,la1 #db4 ,c>avaggio1 #dd1 #ef4 ,c>lopez1 #bba4 ,c>ra1 ,c>lo ,d41 #bge1 #bgf2 ,fun]al ( ! ,an>*i/ ,galli1 #cad4 ,c>r5o1 #fg4 ,c>ri]e1 #fj1 #gc1 #aid1 #aih1 #bbc4 ,cassatt1 #afe4 ,casseurs de ,pi]res1 ,les1 #eg4 ,ca/agn>y1 #gi4 ,ca/ello1 ,val]io1 #ba4 ,ca!dral1 ,la1 #ajb4 ,caz91 #bji4 ,cele/i1 #bc4 ,cell9i1 #eb4 ,ces>e1 #bba4 ,cezanne1 #ba1 #bf1 #bg1 #ca1 #cb1 #cf1 #de1 #ef1 #fa1 #ge1 #if1 #ig1 #ajd1 #aae1 #abf1 #abh1 #abi-afc1 #age1 #agf1 #ahj1 #ahi1 #aig1 #bjj1 #bjc1 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbe1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdd1 #bdg1 #bdi1 #bej1 #bea1 #bec1 #bed1 #bfj1 #bfb1 #bgb1 #bgd1 #bgg1 #bhj1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #bhi1 #bia1 #bie1 #bif1 #bih1 #cjj1 #cjc1 #cjg1 #cjh1 #caj1 #cbj1 #cba1 #cca1 #ccb1 #ccg1 #cch4 ,*agall1 #cbd4 ,*ahut1 ,le1 #ahj4 ,*amaill>d1 #aig1 #cbd4 ,*ampfleury1 #ef4 ,*anteuse des ,rues1 ,la1 #gi4 ,*>d91 #cd1 #bbe4 ,*>iv>i1 #dh4 ,*ase1 ,william ,m41 #ccg4 ,*avannes1 ,puvis de1 #gd1 #bjb1 #caf1 #cai4 ,*ef-d',o,euvre ,inconnu1 ,le1 #afb4 ,*em9 de ,f]1 ,le1 #hj4 ,*]et1 #baf4 ,*esneau1 ,erne/1 #dd4 ,*evelure1 ,la1 #aad4 ,*evreul1 #ca1 #hd1 #afe1 #aff1 #afh1 #ahj1 #bhe2 ,de la ,loi du ,contra/e ,simultane des ,c\leurs1 #afd4 ,*i5 et ,lievres1 #ea4 ,*9ese art1 #fd1 #abe1 #abh1 #aij1 #bae1 #cae4 ,*ri/ophe1 ,jules1 #agg4 ,*romo-lum9>i/s1 see ,neo-,impressionism4 ,cimabue1 #bi4 ,cirque1 ,le1 #ahj4 ,claire de ,lune1 ,le1 #hj4 ,cl>etie1 #cce4 ,claude1 #ej4 ,coco1 heads (1 #abf4 ,coco et les ,deux ,s]vantes1 #abf4 ,co9s de ,rivi]e1 #ajj4 ,combat de ,c]fs1 ,le1 #ea4 ,combat du ,k]seage et de l',alabama1 #hj4 ,conc]t ,*ampetre1 see ,rural ,conc]t4 ,conegliano1 #gi4 ,conrad1 ,joseph1 #eb1 #afa4 ,con/able1 #ag1 #cg1 #dc1 #df1 #di1 #ej1 #ig1 #age1 #cbi4 ,con/ant1 ,b5jam91 #ccf4 ,cormon1 #bae4 ,corot1 #ba1 #dh1 #fh1 #hg1 #hi1 #ia1 #ajh1 #ahi4 ,correggio2 ,la ,vi]ge a l',ecuelle1 #fb4 ,c\rbet1 #ag1 #de1 #dh1 #ej-eh1 #ei1 #fc1 #ff1 #fg1 #fi1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #ha1 #hc1 #hg1 #hi1 #ig1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aae1 #abg1 #abh1 #aca1 #acd1 #aeh1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bab1 #bci1 #bec1 #bhb1 #bhd1 #cai1 #ccj1 #cce2 ,les ,baigneuses1 #ef2 ,les ,casseurs de ,pi]res1 #eg2 ,*i5 et ,lievres1 #ea2 ,le ,combat de ,c]fs1 #ea2 ,femme de ,muni*1 #ec2 ,les ,gr&s ,*ataigni]s1 #eg2 ,la ,grotte1 #ef2 ,le ,hamac1 #gf2 ,l',ent]rem5t a ,ornans1 #ea1 #ed1 #ee1 #fc1 #gg1 #bci2 ,les ,lutteurs1 #ei-fj2 ,le ,ret\r de la ,conf]5ce1 #ea2 ,la ,vague1 #aja4 ,c\rse de ,taureaux1 #hj4 ,c\rtesan1 ,!1 #bag4 ,c\rtois1 #ajh4 ,c\ture1 ,?omas1 #ff1 #afa2 ,me?odes et ,entreti5s d',ateli]1 #dd4 ,cray]1 ,gasp> de1 #cjf4 ,creation ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 #bd4 ,cromwell au ,*ateau de ,w9dsor1 #dj4 ,croquet1 ,le1 #abc4 ,cross1 #agd1 #bbd4 ,cubism 7,cubi/s71 #ig1 #ahg1 #bbb1 #bbg1 #bcg-bfb1 #bgd1 #bge1 #bgg1 #bhb1 #bhc1 #bhe1 #bia1 #cjc1 #cjg1 #cae1 #cbc1 #cca1 #ccb1 #ccf1 #cch4 da ,bologna1 ,giovanni1 #da4 da ,bosozzo1 ,mi*el9o1 #aia4 ,danseuse1 ,la1 #aad4 ,dante et ,virgile aux ,enf]s1 #cf1 #ee4 da ,se/o1 ,ces>e1 #cjf4 ,daubigny1 #fg4 ,daudet1 #baf4 ,daumi]1 #ag1 #be1 #eh-fc1 #ff1 #fh1 #gb1 #ig1 #ajf1 #abf1 #acg1 #add1 #ahb1 #bjj1 #bjg1 #bjh1 #bac1 #bbj1 #bbf1 #bdc1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #ccj2 ,le ,ba91 #fj1 ,don ,qui*otte1 #fb2 ,le ,drame1 #fc2 ,les ,emigrants1 #fb2 ,les ,lutteurs1 #ei-fj2 ,ratapoil1 #fb2 ,le ,repos des ,saltimbanques1 #fj2 ,la ,republique1 #fa2 ,sil5e1 #fc4 ,david1 #ag1 #cd1 #ce1 #dc1 #ef1 #bci1 #bhb4 ,davies1 ,ar?ur ,b41 #cbc4 da ,v9ci1 ,leon>do1 #dd1 #fj1 #cjf2 ,trattato della ,pittura1 #adh4 ,dead ,*ri/1 ,!1 #bd4 ,debuc\rt1 #cd4 ,debussy1 #eb4 ,decamps2 ,sonneurs de ,clo*es1 #fb4 de ,*5nevi]es1 #cce4 de ,*irico1 #cbe4 ,defoe1 #aia4 ,degas1 #ai1 #fb1 #fc1 #afe1 #aia1 #bjc1 #bjg-bba1 #bbb1 #bbf1 #bdb1 #bec1 #bff1 #cjg1 #cac1 #cah2 ,apres le ,ba91 #bab2 ,cafe-,conc]t1 #bae2 ,femme au ,tub1 #bab2 ,musici5s a l',or*e/re1 #bac2 ,la ,sortie du ,ba91 #bab2 ,la ,toilette1 #bab2 ,torse de ,femme ,s',essuyant1 #bab2 ,trois ,danseuses1 #bab4 ,de ,hahn1 #aig4 dei ,b>b>i1 ,jacopo1 #bbc4 ,dejeun]1 ,le1 #gi4 ,dejeun] sur l',h]be1 ,le1 #fi-gj1 #gg-gh1 #gi4 ,delacroix1 #ag1 #be1 #bg1 #cj1 #cd1 #ce-df1 #dh1 #ej1 #ec1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh1 #ei1 #fb1 #fc1 #ff1 #fg1 #gb1 #ge1 #hj1 #ha1 #hg1 #hh1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac1 #aad1 #abh1 #acc1 #ace1 #acg1 #afe1 #age1 #agf1 #agg1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb1 #bja1 #bje1 #bjg1 #bfd1 #bgg1 #bgh1 #bha1 #bhb1 #cjc1 #caj1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #ccd1 #cce1 #cci2 ,bataille de ,tailleb\rg1 #dj2 ,la ,captivite de ,babylone1 #db2 ,cromwell au ,*ateau de ,w9dsor1 #dj2 ,dante et ,virgile aux ,enf]s1 #cf1 #de2 ,enlevem5t de ,rebecca1 #dj2 ,entree des ,croises a ,j]usalem1 #dj2 ,les ,femmes d' ,alg] dans ,leur ,app>tem5t1 #ci1 #aaa1 #aab2 ,la ,grece ,expirant sur les ,ru9es de ,missolonghi1 #da2 ,janissaires a l',attaque1 #dj2 ,la ,ju/ice de ,trajan1 #dj1 #db2 ,ju/9i5 ,composant les ,in/itutes1 #dc2 ,la ,lib]te ,guidant le ,peuple sur les ,b>ricades1 #ch1 #dj2 ,lion ,de*irant un ,cadavre1 #da2 ,la ,lutte de ,jacob avec l',ange1 #dj1 #de2 ,massacre de ,scio1 #cf1 #ci2 ,pieta1 #da2 ,r5aude et ,angelique1 #fb2 ,repos1 #db4 de la ,fresnay1 #cbc4 ,de la ,loi du ,contra/e ,simultane des ,c\leurs1 #afd4 ,delaunay1 #bei-afb1 #cbc2 ,l',equipe de ,c>diff1 #bfj2 ,r\te de ,laon1 #bfa2 ,les ,t\rs1 #bfa2 ,ville de ,p>is1 #bei-bfj1 #bfj4 ,delaunay-,t]k1 ,madame1 #bfb4 ,delecluze1 #cce4 ,delibes1 #bha4 ,d5is1 ,maurice1 #aig1 #baf1 #cai-cbj4 ,d]a91 ,&re1 #afc1 #cbj4 de ,ris1 ,clem5t1 #cce4 ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 #bd4 ,de ,segonzac1 #cba4 d',espagnat1 #cbb4 ,desvalli]es1 #cbj4 ,de?omas1 ,maxime1 #bba4 ,d',eug5e ,delacroix au ,neo-,impressionnisme1 #afi4 ,deux ,soeurs1 ,les1 #abc4 ,deux ,tahiti5s1 #bbf4 ,devil's ,bridge1 ,!1 #ej4 ,diane ,*ass]esse1 #aji4 ,diaz1 #fh1 #hi1 #ajh1 #ahb4 ,diman*e a la ,gr&e-,jatte1 ,un1 #ahj1 #bjc4 di ,nicolo1 ,pietro1 #da4 ,divisioni/s1 see ,neo-,impressionism4 ,dog & ,p]son 9 ,movem5t1 #bgb4 ,donatello1 #bjc4 ,donde ,va ,mama1 #bai4 ,don ,qui*otte1 #fb4 ,do/oievsky1 #eb4 ,dove1 #hd1 #cbd4 ,drame1 ,le1 #fc4 ,dreis]1 ,!odore1 #eb4 ,dubois-,pillet1 #age4 ,du*amp1 ,m>cel1 #beg1 #beh4 ,dumas1 #dc4 ,du]]1 #ahg1 #bea1 #cch2 ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom51 #bd4 ,duret1 #ajb4 ,dut* l&scapi/s1 #if4 ,dynamisme d'une ,auto1 #bfi4 ,e>l & ,c\ntess ( ,arundel1 ,!1 #bd4 ,ea/ ,indian art1 #bcg4 ,eddy1 ,ar?ur ,j]ome1 #cdj4 ,eglise a ,v>5geville1 ,l'1 #ii4 ,egyptian art1 #fd1 #gh1 #bje4 ,ei*l]1 ,r4 ,m41 #bjb4 ,el ,greco1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #ea1 #ie1 #abe1 #ace1 #aeh1 #afc1 #bjc1 #bdf1 #bed1 #bee1 #bei1 #big1 #cjh1 #cbi2 ,annunciation1 #ha2 ,obsequies ( ! ,c\nt ( ,orgaz1 #ee2 ,! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/1 #bd4 ,emigrants1 ,les1 #fb4 ,emile ,zola1 #gi4 ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 #bd4 ,en ,bateau1 #gi4 ,enfant a l',epee1 ,l'1 #fg4 ,enfants en ,rose et ,bleu1 ,les1 #abj4 ,engli% pa9t]s1 #ii1 #aaf4 ,eng/roem1 ,alb]t1 #bba4 ,enlevem5t de ,rebecca1 #dj4 ,ent]rem5t a ,ornans1 ,l'1 #ea1 #ed1 #ee1 #fc1 #gg1 #bci4 ,entree des ,croises a ,j]usalem1 #dj4 ,equipe de ,c>diff1 ,l'1 #bfj4 ,erl]1 ,fritz1 #bjb4 ,et*ells1 ,fr$]ick1 #cbc4 ,eva ,gonzales1 #gi4 ,execution de ,maximili51 #hj4 ,falaise a ,etretat1 #ajj1 #aja4 ,fant9-,lat\r1 #ec1 #age4 ,fau*e1 #aig4 ,fau/1 #h4 ,fauves1 ,*ef des1 #bcc4 ,fauvism1 #bcd4 ,fecondite1 #gc4 ,femme a la ,m&ol9e1 #bea4 ,femme a la ,p]ru*e1 ,la1 #aab4 ,femme au ,*eval1 ,la1 #beh4 ,femme au ,miroir1 ,la1 #abg4 ,femme au ,p]roquet1 ,la1 #gi4 ,femme au ,tub1 #bab4 ,femme aux ,mangos1 ,la1 #ge4 ,femme de ,muni*1 #ec4 ,femmes ,assises a l',ombre des ,palmi]s1 #aif4 ,femmes d',alg] dans ,leur ,app>tem5t1 ,les1 #ci1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,f]guson1 ,j4 ,d41 #cbd4 ,field+1 #cg4 ,fight+ ,tem]aire1 ,!1 #dg4 ,filig]1 #aig4 ,filles de ,catulle ,m5des1 ,les1 #abc4 ,fillette a la ,g]be1 ,la1 #abc4 ,fillette a l',orange1 ,la1 #bf4 ,fillette ,att5tive1 ,la1 #aad4 f9 de siecle movem5t1 #bai4 ,fl&r91 #cba1 #cbb4 ,flemi% ma/]s1 #acg4 ,flight ,turn+ a ,corn]1 #bgd4 ,folle1 ,la1 #ee4 ,=a91 ,j4-,l41 #fb1 #afe1 #bac1 #bai-bba1 #bba2 ,baudelaire ,*ez les ,mufles1 #bai-bbj4 ,=n]od1 ,rodolphe1 #bjb4 ,=um1 ,!1 #i4 ,f\quet1 #cd4 ,f\r ,nak$ ,wom51 #bd4 ,fragon>d1 #cd1 #aba1 #bdd4 ,fr5* art1 #baa4 ,friesz1 ,o?on1 #bb1 #bcd1 #cbj4 ,fro/1 #bfb4 ,fry1 ,rog]1 #cbd1 #cda4 ,full]1 portrait ( ,loie1 #baf4 ,fun]al ( ! ,an>*i/ ,galli1 #cad4 ,futurism 7,futuri/s71 #beg1 #bei1 #bfd-bgf1 #bhb1 #bhd1 #bhe1 #bia1 #bie1 #cjc1 #caf1 #cbc1 #ccf4 ,ga9sbor\gh1 #aaa1 #aha2 ,mrs4 ,siddons1 #aae4 ,g>e ,/4 ,laz>e1 ,la1 #ej4 ,gaugu91 #bb1 #ci1 #ic1 #ajd1 #aej1 #afe1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #ahf1 #ahg-bjf1 #bjh1 #baj1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bca1 #bdc1 #bdf1 #bdg1 #bgi1 #bha1 #bhe1 #cjf1 #cjh1 #cae1 #caf1 #cah1 #cai1 #cbc2 ,deux ,tahiti5s1 #bbf2 ,femmes ,assises a l',ombre des ,palmi]s1 #aif2 ,la ,femme aux ,mangos1 #ge2 ,jeunes ,bretonnes1 #aie2 ,noa ,noa1 #aij2 ,paysage de la ,m>t9ique1 #aid2 ,rup]upe1 #aie2 ,tahiti5nes1 #aie2 ,vaira\mati ,tei ,oa1 #aif4 ,gauti]1 #dc1 #cce4 ,g]>d1 #ag1 #cd1 #ce1 #ef4 ,g]icault1 #cd1 #ce1 #ea1 #aac1 #baa1 #bha2 ,la ,folle1 #ee2 ,radeau de la ,m$use1 #ce1 #ee4 ,g]man art1 #baa4 ,g]ome1 #bbb4 ,ghil1 ,r5e de1 #bff4 ,giampietr9o1 #cjf4 ,gibson1 ,c4 ,d41 #bba4 ,giorgione1 #ba1 #cj1 #ie1 #abf1 #cbi2 ,rural ,conc]t 7,conc]t ,*ampetre71 #fi4 ,giotto1 #bb1 #bi1 #dd1 #ef1 #ge1 #abe1 #aie1 #bjc1 #bce1 #bhj1 #cbi2 ,dea? 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,miracle ( ,sa9t ,m>k1 #bd4 ,titian1 #ba1 #cf1 #db1 #dd1 #ff1 #gb1 #gd1 #ge1 #ig1 #ajh1 #abg1 #ahi1 #cbj2 ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 #bd2 ,v5us ,recl9+1 #ge4 ,toba ,sojo1 #bah4 ,tobe51 #cbd4 ,toilette1 ,la1 #bab4 ,toilette de la ,baigneuse1 ,la1 #abe4 ,toits1 ,les1 #bef4 ,tokaido1 s]ies ( !1 #ajj4 ,torse de ,femme ,s',essuyant1 #bab4 ,t\l\se-,lautrec1 #fb1 #bac1 #bad-bah1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bdb1 #bdf1 #bee1 #cah1 #cba2 ,une ,table au ,m\l9-,r\ge1 #bae2 ,portraits ( ,loie ,full]1 ,s>ah ,b]nh>dt1 ,m\net-,sully1 ,yahne1 ,anna ,held1 #baf4 ,t\rs1 ,les1 #bfa4 ,trattato della ,pittura1 #adh4 ,trois ,danseuses1 #bab4 ,trovatore1 ,il1 #db4 ,troyon1 #fg4 ,tudor-,h>t1 #afh4 ,turn]1 #ag1 #dc1 #df-ej1 #eh1 #fc1 #hh1 #hi1 #ia1 #ig1 #ii1 #ajc1 #age1 #bje1 #bgg1 #cjb1 #cbi2 ,! ,devil's ,bridge1 #ej2 ,! ,fight+ ,tem]aire1 #dg2 ,ra91 ,/eam & ,spe$1 #dg1 #ej2 ,! ,sun ( ,v5ice ,go+ to ,sea1 #di2 ,ulysses ,d]id+ ,polyphemus1 #dg4 ,ulysses ,d]id+ ,polyphemus1 #dg4 ,utam>o1 #ajj4 ,utrillo1 #cbd4 ,vague1 ,la1 #aja4 ,vaira\mati ,tei ,oa1 #aif4 ,val5si1 #cbd4 ,vallotton1 #cba-cbb1 #cbb4 ,van de ,velde1 #age4 ,van ,dong51 ,kees1 #cba4 ,van ,dyke1 #ej4 ,van ,gogh1 #df1 #fb1 #aej1 #ahb-ahf1 #ahg1 #aib1 #aic1 #aif1 #aii1 #bae1 #bcd1 #cad2 ,portrait d',homme1 #ahd-ahe4 ,van ,rysselb]ghe1 #agd1 #age4 ,van ,vrank51 see ,macdonald-,wright1 ,s4 ,vaudeville1 !1 #aic4 ,velazquez1 #ai1 #ea1 #ff1 #fg1 #gj1 #hb1 #hi1 #aaj1 #bab1 #bhb1 #bhd2 ,philip ,,iv1 #bd4 ,v5etians1 #ci1 #dc1 #dd1 #fb1 #gj1 #ace1 #afb4 ,v5ice s]ies 7,monet71 #ajb4 ,v5us ,accr\pie1 #bbf4 ,v5us ,recl9+1 #ge4 ,v]di2 ,il ,trovatore1 #db4 ,v]kade1 #aig4 ,v]la9e1 #aic4 ,v]onese1 #cf1 #ch1 #dj1 #dd1 #acg1 #bhb1 #cbi4 ,v]on1 ,eug5e1 #dd4 ,vi51 #cd4 ,vi]ge a l',ecuelle1 ,la1 #fb4 ,views ( ,fuji1 #ajj4 ,vignon1 #afe4 ,ville de ,p>is1 #bei-bfj1 #bfj4 ,virgil1 #acd4 ,vlam9ck1 ,maurice de1 #cbj-cba4 ,voll>d1 ,ambroise1 #ade4 ,voll>d collection1 #abe4 ,vorticism 7,vortici/s71 #cbe4 ,vuill>d1 #cae1 #cah1 #cah-cai4 ,wagn]1 #db1 #ec1 #bff4 ,walk[itz1 #cbe4 ,watteau1 #bb1 #cd1 #ig1 #aab1 #aac1 #aba4 ,:i/l]1 #ba1 #dg1 #eb1 #fi1 #ih1 #acd1 #ahg1 #bji1 #bab1 #bdd1 #beh1 #cah4 ,william ( ,orange1 #ej4 ,wolff1 ,alb]t1 #ccf4 ,wright1 ,s4 ,macdonald4 ,see ,macdonald-,wright1 ,s4 ,yahne1 portrait (1 #baf4 ,"y1 ,?omas1 #hd4 ,zak1 #bje1 #cba-cbb4 ,zan*i1 #bc4 ,zawad[sky1 #cbd4 ,zola1 #eb1 #gc1 #aca1 #acc1 #acd2 ,l',assommoir1 #gc2 ,fecondite1 #gc2 ,l',o,euvre1 #acd4 ,zorn1 #eb4 ,zuloaga1 #ba1 #ih4 ,zurb>an1 #ej4 ,,o!r ,,books ,,by ,,will>d ,,hunt+ton ,,wright ,,:at ,,nietzs*e ,,taught ,a compreh5sive exposition ( ,nietzs*e's philosophy1 book by book1 )1 a complete biographical sket* & a frontispiece ( ,pr(essor ,k>l ,donndorf's bu/ ( ,nietzs*e4 ,! be/ book ( its sort ,i h ev] se54--,james ,hunek]4 ,we "k ( no o!r book j l ,mr4 ,wright's1 nor anyone t1 on ! :ole1 we c recomm5d m he>tily4--,! ,nation4 ,z a pres5tation 9 compact =m ( biographical data & c]ta9 extracts f ! philosoph]'s writ+s1 ! book is admirable4--,review ( ,reviews4 ,x (f]s a bett] & tru] report ( ,nietzs*e's ideas ?an any o!r book ei!r 9 ,engli% or ,g]man4--,h4 ,l4 ,m5ck5 9 ! ,baltimore ,ev5+ ,sun4 ,an excell5t survey ( ! life & philosophy ( ,nietzs*e 444 ,! be/ summ>y ( ,nietzs*e t has yet appe>$ 9 ,engli%4--,spr+field ,republican4 ,j z "o %\ld beg9 ! /udy ( ,nietzs*e's works ) ,human1 ,all-too-,human1 s c\ld "o mo/ advantage\sly und]take ! /udy ( ,nietzs*e ) ,mr4 ,wright's volume4--,! ,dial4 ,mr ,wright's compilation may be w>mly recomm5d$4--,bo/on ,transcript4 ,mr4 ,wright kn[s ?or\ghly :at he is talk+ ab\t1 & 8 book is excell5t4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,sun4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,ae/hetic ,,=m ,,& ,,organisation 7,9 ,prep>ation7 ,an inquiry into ! laws gov]n+ ae/hetic appreciation 9 all ! arts4 ,! fir/ basic co-ord9ation ( ! factors :i* make = empa?y & ae/hetic emotion1 & ! only fundam5tal rationale = criticism 9 exi/5ce4 ,mr4 ,wright1 9 ?is new & important "w1 def9es ae/hetic =m & rhy?mic composition1 & e/abli%es a def9ite f\ndation = arti/ic judgm5t4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,a,esthetic ,=m & ,organisation is by f> ! mo/ pr(\nd & important contribution to ! sci5ce ( ae/hetics s9ce ,kant4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,promise 7,to be publi%$ ,janu>y1 #aiaf7 ,mr4 ,wright has "h writt5 "o ( ! mo/ p5etrat+ & unusual novels ( ?is g5]ation4 ,its conception1 its po9t ( view1 its frankness1 its fre$om f all prejudice1 & its =m are 9 accord ) ! highe/ /&>ds ( ! be/ ,cont95tal fiction4 ,! c5tral "*--! man ( promise1 despite 8 pot5tialities ( g5ius1 is an int5sely appeal+ & sympa!tic figure4 ,9 8 nature are comb9$ weakness & /r5g?1 cruelty & t5d]ness1 virtue & vici\sness4 ,9 %ort1 he is inh]5tly human1 capable ( asc5d+ ! heights1 yet capable also ( s9k+ to ! dep?s ( life's degradations4 ,! /ory1 :i* takes him f e>ly boyhood to middle age1 is c5tr$ ab\t 8 affairs1 psy*ological & sexual1 ) ! _m wom5 :o t\* 8 life4 ,n "o ( ^! wom5 is able to assi/ him 9 8 great "w or to atta9 to 8 high & solit>y ideals4 ,9 n "o ( !m c he f9d an inspiration4 ,!y are n necess>y to 8 intellectual developm5t4 ,to ! contr>y1 ea* t5ds to drag him d[n to ! m$iocre level ( ! _w's crit]ion ( greatness1 to sap 8 vitality1 to curb 8 h]esies1 to make ( him a commonplace man4 ,! book1 9 %ort1 is an undogmatic refutation ( ! !ory t great m5 ne$ ! influ5ce ( wom54 ,x %[s h[ wom51 by _! cons]vatism & social conv5tionality1 int]f]e ) true greatness & conspire in/9ctively & unconsci\sly aga9/ ! high] nature ( ! m5 !y love4 ,fir/ ,mr4 ,wright %[s ! cramp+ influ5ce ( "m love1 ! mat]nal ef=ts to inculcate conv5tional & religi\s ideals into ! *ild4 ,!n we are giv5 a glimpse ( ! influ5ce ( ! man's boyhood romance4 ,next we see 8 college swee!>t1 9 love ) life's pleasures & gaieties1 turn+ 8 m9d f 8 "w4 ,lat] we h ! "y man's mi/ress1 a selfi% & calculat+ woman1 ready to sacrifice 8 c>e] to h] p]sonal ends4 ,/ill lat]1 8 wife1 a sweet1 lov+ & admirable woman1 h9d]s him by h] cons]vatism & con/ant att5tions4 ,9 a f9al attempt to f9d a woman :o c :olly appreciate 8 exalt$ desires & foll[ him to ! heights he has 9 m9d1 he des]ts 8 wife = :at he ?9ks is an advanc$ & intellectual woman4 ,b %e 9 ! end proves little diff]5t f ! o!rs4 ,%e exhibits ! same petty jeal\sies & makes ! same dem&s on him1 & he s5ds h] away 9 a la/ desp]ate attempt to consummate 8 aspirations4 ,b at ?is "t 8 daught]1 n[ a "y woman1 appe>s2 & he is =c$ to make ! f9al sacrifice to h] future4 ,! ,man ( ,promise goes deep into ! und]curr5ts ( life1 & x is n a novel any man or woman c af=d to miss read+4 ,x is a p[]ful /ory & 9 _m ways a ru?less "o2 b bo? 9 conception & execution x m>ks a new epo* 9 ,am]ican fiction4