,,! ,,augu/an ,,repr9t ,,society    ,,an
   ,,explanatory   ,,disc\rse    ,,by   
,,tan ,,*et-,,qua1   (                  
,,quang-,,*ew-,,fu1 ,g5t4    ,,sir      
,,william ,,*amb]s   7#aggc7            
,introduction by   ,,ri*>d ,e4          
,,qua9tance1 ,,jr4    ,,publication     
,,numb] #aia   ,,william ,,&rews ,,cl>k 
,,memorial ,,libr>y   ,,univ]sity ,,(   
,,cali=nia1 ,,los ,,angeles   #aigh     
,,g5]al ,,editor  ,david ,/u>t ,rodes1  
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles   
,,editors    ,*>les ,l4 ,batt51         
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles   
,william ,e4 ,conway1 ,william ,&rews   
,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y   ,george ,rob]t
 ,guffey1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los  
,angeles   ,maximillian ,e4 ,novak1     
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles   
,,advisory ,,editors    ,james ,l4      
,clif=d1 ,columbia ,univ]sity   ,ralph  
,coh51 ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia   ,v9ton   
,a4 ,de>+1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los 
,angeles   ,ar?ur ,fri$man1 ,univ]sity (
 ,*icago   ,l\is ,a4 ,l&a1 ,pr9ceton    

,univ]sity   ,e>l ,m9]1 ,pr9ceton       
,univ]sity   ,samuel ,h4 ,monk1         
,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota   ,ev]ett ,t4    
,moore1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los    
,angeles   ,lawr5ce ,cl>k ,p[ell1       
,william ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y 
,james ,su!rl&1 ,univ]sity ,college1    
,london   ,h4 ,t4 ,sw$5b]g1 ,jr41       
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los ,angeles   
,rob]t ,vosp]1 ,william ,&rews ,cl>k    
,memorial ,libr>y   ,,correspond+       
,,secret>y  ,bev]ly ,j4 ,onley1 ,william
 ,&rews ,cl>k ,memorial ,libr>y         
,,editorial ,,assi/ant  ,frances ,m4    
,re$1 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ,los      
,angeles     ,,introduction   ,?is      
,explanatory ,disc\rse fir/ appe>$1 9 ! 
latt] "p ( ,m>* #aggc1 annex$ to !      
second & la/ edition ( ,sir ,william    
,*amb]s' ,diss]tation on ,ori5tal ,g>d5+
 ( ! prec$+ ,may4 ,z an ef=t1 curi\sly  
h$g$1 to imp]sonate a ,*9ese spokesman x
 seeks to exploit ! satiric vantage     
po9ts ( philosophic naivety & tr5*ant   
c&or enjoy$ by ,goldsmi?'s obs]v] ,li5  

,*i ,altangi 9 ,london a doz5 ye>s      
e>li]4 ,b ,*amb]s' v5triloquism is bo? m
 def5sive & m aggressive ?an :at we f9d 
9 ,! ,citiz5 ( ! ,_w2 ! ,preface "h 9 8 
own voice admits s5sitivity to ! abuse  
:i* ! ,diss]tation _h incurr$ = its     
sc5ic fantasy1 its brief op5+ & clos+   
attacks on ,capability ,br[n1 & its     
p]vasive criticism ( ! bl&ness (        
,br[nian l&scap+4 ,by assum+ ! voice (  
,tan ,*et-qua ,*amb]s is able to pret5d 
to m au?oritative famili>ity ) actual   
,*9ese g>d5s ev5 z he deplores 8 read]s'
 misappreh5sion t 8 int]e/ lay ma9ly 9  
masqu]ade1 ent]ta9m5t1 or ! m]e recital 
( a travell]'s obs]vation 7p4 #aac74 ,x 
0 probably a /rategic error to entru/ ! 
sub/ance ( 8 g5u9e & q respectable      
*all5g+ ( ,br[nian /yle1 to :at he t]ms 
! vehicle ( alleg$ fir/-h& reports (    
pref]able ,*9ese lay-outs4 ,by ?is date1
 "s two decades aft] ! *9ois]ie fad _h  
cre/$ 9 ,engl&1 mo/ ( 8 read]s might    
fairly be t]m$ r jad$4 ,!y pref]r$ to   
ov]react to ! frivolity & :imsey !y _h  

come to ?9k ess5tially ,*9ese1 r ?an to 
pond] :at ,*amb]s s]i\sly urges f beh9d 
8 silk5 scre53 8 int]e/ 9 a v>iegat$    
emotional response to delib]ately       
v>iegat$ l&scape4 ,an admir] ( ,burke's 
,sublime1 ,*amb]s saw advantage 9       
complicat+ ! suavity ( ,br[n's g5tle    
cont\rs1 %av5 lawns1 free-=m reflect+   
lakes1 & /ill %ort tree-clumps1 ?r\gh a 
program ( l&scap$ /imulation ( contra/+ 
associative moods4 ,?is is ! ess5ce ( t 
argum5t :i* ,*amb]s cloa!d 444 9 ! g>b (
 fiction1 to secure x a pati5t he>+ 7p4 
#aab7 9 ?ree publications appe>+ ov]    
sixte5 ye>s4 ,!re is no evid5ce t he 0  
bett] und]/ood ?r\gh publication ( ?is  
,disc\rse1 ! la/ ( ! ?ree4#a  ,( c\rse1 
x is n z a satiri/1 an ae/hetician (    
l&scape1 or ev5 z a masqu]ad+ ori5tali/ 
t ,sir ,william ,*amb]s 7#agbc-if7 has  
be5 be/ kn[n 9 8 "t & s9ce3 ) ,rob]t    
,adam1 he l$ ! ,briti% ar*itectural     
pr(ession virtually f ! "t he und]took 8
 fir/ commissions ar\nd #ageg4 ,! two   
build+s = :i* he is ju/ly be/ rememb]$  

are ! ,*9ese ,pagoda at ,kew ,g>d5s &   
,som]set ,h\se1 betwe5 ,london's ,/r& & 
,wat]loo ,bridge4 ,yet f t solid        
,palladian /ructure n[ h\s+ ! ,g5]al    
,regi/] ,(fice x takes m ?an ! doz5     
miles up ,?ames to rea* ! pagoda :i* 9  
#agfb re>$ its eighty bright w+-display+
 dragons on t5 successive ro(s1 & f !   
height ( fifty met]s fla%$ its glaz$    
tiles across suburbia4 ,*amb]s develop$ 
simultane\sly & ma9ta9$ ?r\gh 8 c>e] two
 contra/$ s5sibilities4 ,! dignifi$ t[n 
h\se he design$ = 8 family 9 #agfd      
front$ ,b]n]s ,/reet ) a massive        
ru/icat$ doorway1 yet _h int]ior        
*imney-pieces & a re> elevation modell$ 
9 fanciful papi]-ma*e :i* 8 biograph]   
,john ,h>ris supposes 0 pa9t$ & v>ni%$  
*9ois]ie4 ,he made 8 way to ! top ( 8   
pr(ession & e>n$ royal recognition ?r\gh
 tectonic skills t absorb$ him )        
,som]set ,h\se1 = in/ance1 dur+ ! la/   
two decades ( 8 life4 ,b z e>ly z #ageb 
he _h v5tur$ ! /rik+ practice--/&>d by !
 c5tury's end ?r\gh 8 pione]+ &         

,adam's--( draw+ elevations ( a build+  
propos$ z x w\ld appe> if already       
condition$ by "t1 decay+ & ov]gr[n by   
vegetation4#b ,decid+ :at to make ( 8   
?ree publications on ,*9ese g>d5s w n be
 eas$ by pol>iz+ 8 s\rces ( inspiration 
or consign+ 8 life into /ret*es dur+ :i*
 ! dom9ant int]e/ 0 product or process1 
/ructure or affect4 ,"h is no s*izoid or
 fru/rat$ ,pre-,romantic--a ,*att]ton :o
 someh[ surviv$ 8 suicide attempt to    
edit copy = ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e--b a 
consummate pr(essional4#c ,! my?ic ,c9a 
( :i* ?is ,disc\rse 0 ,*amb]s' late/    
acc\nt grew & *ang$ ) him f 8 fir/-h&   
exp]i5ce ( ,canton at ! age ( tw5ty1    
?r\gh 8 ar*itectural tra9+ 9 ,p>is &    
,rome1 & ?r\gh\t 8 practice & success z 
! ,e/abli%m5t ar*itect ( 8 age 9 ,engl&4
  ,! rec5t ?or\gh ,h>ris biography      
leaves x appropriate "h only to survey !
 facts mo/ p]t95t to 8 publications on  
,*9ese g>d5s & to advance a few         
speculations4 ,! fir/ son ( a well-to-d 
,scotti% sutl] to ! armies ( ,*>les     

,,xii ( ,sw$51 ,*amb]s e>ly left 8      
native ,go!nburg = s*ool+ sup]vis$ by   
relatives 9 ,york%ire4 ,betwe5 ! ages ( 
#ag & #bf 8 cosmopolitan re>+ proce$$ ) 
8 appr5tice%ip to sup]c>goes or ag5ts   
abo>d ?ree successive vessels ( ! ,sw$i%
 ,ea/ ,india ,company trad+ 9 ports     
along ! ,indian coa/ & z f> ea/ z       
,canton4 ,al?\gh 8 eye & sket*book 7 ?us
 e>ly busi$ ) ori5tal sights1 :at       
,*amb]s lat] wrote ( ,pek+ 7or mu* else 
,*9ese beyond ! docks ( ,canton7 01 z he
 admitt$1 bas$ ^u ! obs]vations ( o!rs4 
,yet x mu/ h be5 r>e & significant en\gh
 9 ^? days t :5 ?is ,we/]n] det]m9$ to  
devote 8 e>n+s f ! f9al voyage to an    
education 9 ar*itecture1 he _h se5      
proportionately s mu* ( non-,european   
build+4 ,ev5 be=e enroll+ 9 ,j4-,f4     
,blondel's ,ecole des ,arts = ! #agdi-ej
 w9t]1 ,*amb]s may h met ,fr$]ick1      
,pr9ce ( ,wales1 9 ,london1 & be5       
enc\rag$ by ,fr$]ick's exotic int]e/s4#d
 ,x 0 dur+ 8 second ( five spr+s 9      
,rome1 liv+ ) 8 ,engli% wife ov] ! %op (

 ,piranesi1 t ,*amb]s le>n$ ( ,fr$]ick's
 dea? 9 ,m>* #agea & design$ = him a    
mausoleum bas$ on ! anci5t &            
neo-classical %apes be=e 8 eyes2 9 "o ( 
8 sections = ?is project he depict$ x   
decay+ l "s ( !m1 ) cypress trees beg9n+
 to gr[ out ( ! rubble t 0 to h be5 its 
ro(6 ,?\gh ?is design 0 nev] execut$1   
,*amb]s did meet ) royal patronage ^u 8 
return to ,london & d$icat$ to ! new    
,pr9ce ( ,wales--soon 8 pupil 9 draw+1 &
 ?ree ye>s lat]1 ,george ,,iii--8 fir/  
book1 ,designs ( ,*9ese ,build+s1       
,furniture1 ,dresses1 ,ma*9es & ,ut5sils
 9 #ageg4  ,! op5+ s5t5ces :i* ,samuel  
,johnson contribut$ to ,*amb]s' ,designs
 scorn$ ! p[] ) :i* novelty attracts    
reg>d#e--;a gr\nd-note directly contr>y 
to ,*amb]s' s>ca/ic apology = ! mon/]   
,novelty "h 9 8 #aggc ,preface4 ,b 9    
#ageg he c\ld expect 8 crisp text &     
tw5ty-"o plates to adm9i/] a calm+ dose 
( au!nticity to ! *9ois]ie fev] !n rag+4
 ,9 fact1 ?is l>ge & h&some volume      
appe>s to h driv5 f ! m>ket !           

patt]n-books ( ,william ,halfp5ny &     
o!rs1 ) _! ridicul\s dragon-f9ials atop 
,georgian hip-ro(s & ,v5etian w9d[s     
bord]$ by crockets--! c>p5try trade try+
 to su/a9 a mood = r5ovations wan+ by ! 
e>ly fifties4 ,*amb]s hop$ to put a /op 
to ! extravagancies t daily appe> "u !  
"n ( ,*9ese1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m are m]e      
inv5tions1 ! re/ copies f ! lame        
repres5tations f\nd on porcela9 &       
pap]-hang+s4 ,?is sniffy pr(essionalism 
w\ld broad5 by #aggb into mock]y ( !    
kit*5 g>d5]s1 well skill$ 9 ! culture ( 
sallads1 b little acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples
 ( ,ornam5tal ,g>d5+#f--:i* ev]yone took
 = a swipe at ,launcelot ,capability    
,br[n1 yon /ately g5tleman 9 ! black    
p]riwig 7p4 #aeg bel[74  ,yet probably a
 m g5]al & g5]\s motive prompt$ ,*amb]s 
to boo/ 9 ?is public way1 on ! la/ five 
pages introduc+ 8 ,designs1 a           
l&scape-/yle 9 :i* he c\ld h>dly expect 
to ex]cise 8 tra9+ or build ! c>e] j    
beg9n+4 ,! lay-outs ( ,k5t & ,br[n took 
inspir$ advantage ( topography1 plants &

 climate peculi> to ! s\? ( ,engl&1 b to
 anyone com+ l ,*amb]s f ! g>d5s 9 & ne>
 ,p>is & ,rome x might appe> by #ageg t 
! ,engli% /yle risk$ p>o*ial            
self-exagg]ation to ! po9t :]e all      
anecdotal human int]e/ w\ld be suppress$
 9 ! "n ( a ,nature lit]ally isolat$4   
,cosmopolitanism1 m enlight5$ ?an ev]1  
befitt$ a ,brita9 engag$ 9 ,pitt's      
,great ,w> = ! ,empire :i* w\ld ext5d   
its hold+s f ,montreal to ,madras4 ,0   
!re n an e>li] empire ^: lead] _h left  
visible tok5s ( 8 eclecticism8          
,h,adrian1 :o 0 himself an ar*itect1 at 
a "t :5 ! ,grecian ar*itecture 0 9 !    
highe/ e/eem among ! ,romans1 erect$ 9 8
 ,villa1 at ,tivoli1 c]ta9 build+s aft] 
! mann] ( ! ,egyptians & ( o!r          
nations4#g ,x 0 timely to id5tify a pure
 orig9al example ( culture native to q  
ano!r organic :ole1 & !n to transplant x
 intact to a ,briti% sc5e l>ge en\gh to 
su/a9 x4 ,botanically view$1 ?is is !   
pr9ciple on :i* ardu\s horticultural    
exp]im5ts 7 be+ p]=m$ at ?is /age 9     

,engl&'s imp]ial hi/ory3 ! removal to   
,kew ( ,lebanese c$>s1 ori5tal ,g9kgoes1
 p]simmons & ,sophoras1 or ,am]ican     
locu/s 9 ! e>li] #agejs1 & lat]1 !      
infam\s ,b\nty v5ture to transplant 9   
,jamaica breadfruit f ! ,s\? ,seas4     
,ar*itecturally appli$1 x w\ld seem to  
be ! pr9ciple on :i* ,*amb]s develop$ 8 
designs = a score ( build+s aft] ! mann]
 ( ! ,romans1 ,*9ese1 ,moors1 & ( o!r   
nations1 erect$ at ,kew ,g>d5s by ! "t !
 ,treaty ( ,p>is 0 sign$ 9 #agfc4h ,9   
?is conc]n he second$ b w5t beyond !    
hopes ( ,horace ,walpole & ,william     
,mason t ?is :ole k+dom might soon      
become "o magnificant va/ ,g>d51 b\nd$  
only by ! sea 7bel[1 page #acc74 ,!     
syntax ( ,lewis ,mum=d seems apposite3 (
 ,fr$]ick ,law ,olm/$1 ! design] ( ,new 
,york's ,c5tral ,p>k j a c5tury lat]1   
,mum=d has rem>k$ t ,by mak+ nature     
urbane he naturaliz$ ! city4#i ,at ,kew1
 by mak+ ! g>d5 cosmopolitan1 ,*amb]s   
help$ to globalize ! capital ( empire & 
propos$ ! _w z ,enlight5$ ,ed54  ,x 0 n1

 ( c\rse1 su* national or global ed5ic  
visions :i* *iefly ex]cis$ read]s (     
,*amb]s' #ageg essay ,( ! ,art ( ,lay+  
,out ,g>d5s ,among ! ,*9ese & br\ght d[n
 ^u 8 #aggb ,diss]tation ! ridicule :i* 
prompt$ ! ,explanatory ,disc\rse4 ,r1 x 
0 ! lurid details ?r\gh :i* bo? acc\nts 
ma9ta9$ t ,! ,*9ese arti/s1 kn[+ h[     
p[]fully contra/ op]ates on ! m9d1      
con/antly practise sudd5 transitions1 & 
a /rik+ opposition ( =ms1 c\l\rs1 &     
%ades4 ,?\gh ?is pr9ciple e>n$ sympa!tic
 response f !ori/s l ,burke & ,k>nes at 
home & ,delille on ! ,cont95t1 ,*amb]s  
press$ 8 luck too f> :5 he describ$ :at 
he claim$ to h obs]v$1 or he>d f ,*9ese 
obs]v]s1 ( ?ree diff]5t species ( sc5es1
 to :i* !y give ! appellations ( pleas+1
 horrid1 & en*ant$4 ,p>ticul>ly         
vuln]able 7 ! programm$ frissons ( _!   
sc5es ( horror3 "s mis]able huts disp]s$
 9 ! m\nta9s s]ve1 at once to indicate !
 exi/5ce & wret*$ness ( !               
inhabitants4#aj ,by #aggb ! ,s*ad5freude
 has deep5$3 ,_! sc5es ( t]r\r are      

compos$ ( gloomy woods1 c4 gibbets1     
crosses1 :eels1 & ! :ole app>atus (     
torture are se5 f ! roads4 ,"h too !y   
conceal 9 cavities1 on ! summits ( !    
highe/ m\nta9s1 f\ndries1 lime-kilns1 & 
glass-works1 :i* s5d =? l>ge volumes (  
flame1 & cont9u$ columns ( ?ick smoke1 t
 give to ^! m\nta9s ! appe>ance (       
volcanos4 ,?is 0 ! sort ( op5+ :i*      
,william ,mason exploit$ 9 8 ,h]oic     
,epi/le to ,sir ,william ,*amb]s ( ,m>*1
 #aggc3      ,n[ to our lawns (         
dalliance & delight1     ,jo9 we !      
groves ( horr\r & affright2     ,?is to 
a*ieve no =eign aids we try1     ,?y    
gibbets1 ,bag%ot6 %all our wants supply2
     ,h\nsl[1 ^: hea? sublim] t]r\r     
fills1     ,%all ) h] gibbets l5d h]    
p[d] mills4#aa  ,mason's ,h]oic ,epi/le 
0 "o ( ! c5tury's mo/ popul> poems &1   
*e]$ on by ,walpole1 a visc\sly         
successful ef=t to t> ) ,*amb]s' lavi%  
bru% 8 patron ,george ,bute & o!r       
assort$ ,scots1 any critic ( ,br[n1 & ! 
,tory e/abli%m5t at l>ge4  ,yet beh9d   

,*amb]s' ori5tal scre5 ! novelty1 endur+
 int]e/1 & ev5 ! practicality ( "s ( 8  
ideas c be obs]v$4 ,t conc]n to         
naturalize ! smoky mills (              
indu/rialization may be develop+ a h9t  
7conc]n+ ,middleton ,dale1 9 ! ,peak    
,di/rict7 on page #id ( ,?omas ,:ately's
 supremely influ5tial ,obs]vations on   
,mod]n ,g>d5+ 7#aggj74 ,if ,*amb]s'     
g5]ation 0 nei!r ! fir/ nor la/ to      
grapple ) :at progress _h done to ! l&1 
! ,engli% l&scap+ movem5t pres5t$ a new 
/age = t enc\nt]4 ,:ile ,*et-qua's      
proposal to frame ! dre>y tracts ar\nd a
 metropolis into sc5es ( t]ror seems    
less ?an helpful1 h[ neatly he          
anticipates ,cezanne's transf] ( 8 easel
 into ! ab&on$ ,bibemus ,qu>ry 7pp4     
#acj-acb74 ,=e%ad[+ ,william ,c[p]'s    
satire ( ,?' omnipot5t magician1 ,br[n 9
 ,! ,task1 ,*amb]s _h w>n$ t            
e/ate-improvem5t c\ld lead to irrep>able
 deva/ation ( ! nation's woodl&4 ,sev]al
 ( ,*amb]s' means to c]ta9 effects s\nd 
m l a practical l&scape ar*itect at "w  

?an a ,disneyl& impress>io p>ad+ 8      
promis$ ?rills3 :5 he urges             
div]sification ( mat]ial relative to    
seasonal *ange or human ent]ta9m5ts1 =  
in/ance1 or ! use ( wire f5c+ & o!r     
sub/itutes = ! ha-ha4 ,8 int]e/ 9 !     
h>moniz+ ( div]se b mass$ hues &        
textures has be5 recogniz$ z an e>ly    
glimpse ( ! ,engli% effects secur$ by   
,g]trude ,jekyll a c5tury & a qu>t]     
lat]4#ab ,?\gh extravagances ( ,*amb]s' 
language di/ract$ att5tion f ! lib]alism
 ( 8 views1 su* passages ( !            
,diss]tation z pp4 #di-ej read l !      
,picturesque id5tifi$ by ,william       
,gilp91 ,uv$ale ,price1 & ,ri*>d ,payne 
,knight 9 ! #aghjs & '#ijs4 ,f> f !     
7,s9o-,briti%7 imp]ial privity :i*      
,mason t>tly mock$ are ,*et-qua's       
sugge/ions t ! c\ntry-h\se own] drop 8  
pal+s & op5 8 gr\nds to ,holy-day folks1
 z he op5s 8 ,p>k to 8 kit*5-g>d54 ,m   
?an ?is1 he %\ld (f] meats = e palate1  
plan n = 8 family or honor$ gue/s alone1
 b = ta/es m susceptible to surprise ?an

 !irs4 ,likewise ! circuit plan w\ld be 
well replac$ by ano!r less co]cive4#ac  
,po9ts l ^! reveal 9 ,*amb]s a          
solicitude on behalf ( a g5]al public ( 
g>d5-/roll]s n at all necess>ily        
l&hold+1 nor self-consci\s z            
connoisseurs4 ,p]haps ?is is :y1 :5 !   
plann]s gr\p$ ar\nd ,nikolaus ,pevsn] & 
8 ,ar*itectural ,review survey$ _! task 
9 po/w> ,engl&1 !y w\ld f9d fre%        
applications = ! t]m picturesque & fre% 
relevance 9 ?is ,tory's ,*9ese g>d5s4#ad
 ,s9ologi/s & l&scape-hi/orians h long  
recogniz$1 to be sure1 t ,*amb]s'       
descriptions 7l mo/ ( :at ! ,we/ has    
wr\ght 9 ! "n ( ,*9ese g>d5+ s9ce ,sir  
,william ,temple enunciat$ 8 %ad[y      
%>awadgi pr9ciple 9 #afhe71 :ile !y may 
correctly celebrate specific details1 or
 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( surprise & v>iety1 
regi/] no s5sitivity to ! ,taoi/ or     
,buddhi/ teleology crucial to ori5tal   
plann+4 ,:at ,*et-qua calls sup]natural 
sc5]y is h5ce en*ant$ by ! same _s (    
div]sion animat+ ! ,druid or ,d>k ,walk 

& subt]ranean ,fairy ,music ( ,vauxhall 
,g>d5s1 across ! ,?ames f ,som]set      
,h\se4#ae ,enlight5$ secul>ization ( !  
g5u9e ori5tal pr9ciples ( imman5ce &    
affect may1 h[ev]1 be exactly :at makes 
a p>agraph on page #eb ( ! #aggc        
,diss]tation s\nd s mu* l a gr\nd-plan =
 a %ort /ory ( /roll]s' int]wov5 &      
inconsequ5tial conv]sations & int]ior   
monologues1 ,virg9ia ,woolf's ,kew      
,g>d5s4  ,if all[ances are made = !     
p]si/5t difficulty ( transcrib+ ,*9ese  
phonemes1 & = ,*amb]s' dep5d5ce ^u      
,cantonese r ?an ,m&>9 dialect1 !       
ori5tal dress ( ! ,disc\rse is less     
bogus ?an might be assum$4 ,*amb]s' v>y+
 spell+s ( ! !n reign+ emp]or's "n w\ld 
exemplify ! fir/ problem1 my failure to 
au!nticate ! poem on pages #aah-aai !   
second4 7,ov] #db1jjj un9dex$ poems 9   
,m&>9 are attribut$ to ?is emp]or1 n[   
kn[n "h z ,*'i5-lung47 ,pr\/ian ?\gh !y 
may seem to ,we/]n]s1 ! syne/hetic      
effects ( tea-tak+ & ! evocativ5ess ( ! 
sc5ts & hues ( ,mei-hoa 7plum-blossom71 

fo-*e\ 7*rysan!mum71 & p9e are inde$    
celebrat$ 9 mu* ,*9ese poetry4#af ,:oev]
 wrote ! poem1 x aptly dramatizes !     
sugge/ible e?os :i* ,*amb]s recomm5ds to
 ,engli% arti/s & _! public4  ,?is      
,disc\rse is appreciably m pucki% 9 tone
 ?an ! e>li] two-?irds ( ,*amb]s'       
publi%$ ,*9ese "w4 ,! half-title "h1    
page #aji ( ! second edition1 heaps     
,*amb]s' own initial$ honors#ag ^u !    
,canton ,g5t4 ,*et-qua1 & ) ! ironies ( 
8 ,preface & elaborate c\rtesies ( !    
,introduction1 ! fun has begun4         
,id5tification ( a ,*9ese alt] ego      
enables ,*amb]s to claim a k9d (        
diplomatic immunity = bo? 8 en?usiasms &
 8 judgm5ts aga9/ ! ,engli% /yle4 ,by   
half-he>t$ly ascrib+ ! prec$+ #ajg pages
 ( ,diss]tation also to ,*et-qua1 &     
rec$+ z m]e ,editor ( ! lovable old     
g\rmet's rem>ks 7page #adhn71 he tru/s  
to keep "o /ep ahead ( 8 ,:ig adv]s>ies4
 ,) exempl>y tol]ance su* z _h enhanc$ !
 ,european /]eotype ( ! ,*9ese sage     
?r\gh\t ! c5tury1 ,*et-qua f9ds m to    

comm5d 9 ,fr5* & ,italian g>d5s1 m to   
tease dis>m+ly 9 ! ,dut*1 ?an ,*amb]s _h
 e>li]4 ,f9ally1 s9ce an actual ,*9ese  
arti/-ab\t-t[n usually kn[n z ,*itqua _h
 only rec5tly return$ to ,canton1       
,*amb]s may h hop$ 8 masqu]ade c\ld /ir 
,briti% hospitality = 8 ideas4 ,)9 weeks
 ( rea*+ ,london 9 ,augu/ #agfi1 ,*itqua
 _h _h a royal audi5ce4 ,! m9iature     
portrait bu/s he modell$ 9 clay at t5   
gu9eas apiece1 z well z 8 delicate      
mann]s & physique 7! eyela%es almo/     
always 9 motion7 e>n$ ! admiration (    
,w$gwood's fri5d ,?omas ,b5tley4 ,"o ( 8
 bu/s 0 %[n 9 ! #aggj ,royal ,academy   
exhibition1 & dur+ t ye> he visit$      
,ox=d1 met ,*amb]s & ,bi%op ,p]cy1 & sat
 d[n ) ,horace ,walpole among o!rs at ! 
fir/ (ficial ,academy d9n]4 ,la%es &    
all1 he figures 9 ,z(fany's ,life ,s*ool
 ( ! ,royal ,academy1 pa9t$ 9 #agga4 ,b 
:at peculi>ly recomm5ds ,*itqua to      
,*amb]s' purposes "h is p]haps a mob's  
int]v5tion at ! />t ( 8 homew>d voyage  
to ,canton t spr+1 :5 x5ophobia & !     

sup]/iti\s fe>s ( ! m>9]s =c$ him to    
return to ,london = ano!r %ip4 ,on page 
#ada ,*amb]s diff]s f ! ,g5tleman's     
,magaz9e report] :o _h ,*itqua          
accid5tally 444 fall ov]bo>d at         
,graves5d1 b :atev] ! facts1 ! p>allel  
to ,jonah at ,joppa might be z cle> to  
,*et-qua's adv]s>ies z x 0 to t report] 
& w9 ! ,disc\rse a m c&id he>+ ?an !    
,diss]tation _h enjoy$4#ah ,to an       
unid5tifi$ read] ( 8 fir/ edition       
,*amb]s _h ju/ifi$ su* artfulness1 & 8  
entire ,*9ese my? = ! promotion ( a     
*ange 9 l&scap+-/yle1 ?is way3 ,i ?\ght 
x necess>y to move 9 an exalt$ sph]e4   
,our ,g>d5]s1 & ,i fe> our ,connoisseurs
 too1 are su* tame animals1 t mu* sp>r+ 
is necess>y to keep !m prop]ly on _!    
haun*es4#ai ,su* quixotic en]gy ev5     
,mason _h to salute1 9 ! la/ l9e ( 8    
,h]oic ,epi/le4    ,d\glass ,college    
,rutg]s ,univ]sity     ,,notes ,,to ,,! 
,,introduction   #a ,! ,explanatory     
,disc\rse is ! la/ ( ,*amb]s' works to  
be reissu$ 9 #bj?-c5tury facsimile4     

,*amb]s' ,designs ( ,*9ese ,build+s     
7,london1 #ageg71 rpt4 9 facsim4 7,new  
,york3 ,b5jam9 ,blom1 #aifh71 concludes 
its text ) 8 essay ,( ! ,art ( ,lay+    
,out ,g>d5s ,among ! ,*9ese1 pp4 #ad-ai1
 rpt4 9 ,john ,dixon ,hunt & ,pet]      
,willis1 eds41 ,! ,g5ius ( ! ,place     
7,new ,york3 ,h>p]  ,r[1 #aige71 pp4    
#bhc-bhh4 ,a ,diss]tation on ,ori5tal   
,g>d5+ 7,london1 #aggb71 ( :i* ! illus4 
title-page reappe>$ 9 ! #bnd ed4        
7,london1 #aggc71 h5ce "h1 0 rpt4 9     
facsim4 ed4 ,john ,h>ris 7,f>nbor\gh1   
,hants43 ,gregg ,int]national1 #aigb74  
,i quote f pp4 #aaa-aac ( ,an           
,explanatory ,disc\rse2 ,*et-qua drops 8
 mask on p4 #aei bel[4 ,conc]n+ ! fad   
see ,hugh ,hon\r1 ,*9ois]ie3 ,! ,vision 
( ,ca?ay 7,london3 ,john ,murray1       
#aifa71 esp4 *4 vi4  #b ,john ,h>ris1   
,sir ,william ,*amb]s1 ,knight ( ! ,pol>
 ,/> 7,univ]sity ,p>k3 ,p5nsylvania     
,/ate ,univ4 ,press1 #aigj71 p4 #bd &   
pls4 #g1 #id 7n to be confus$ ) ! e>li] 
accept$ practice ( design+ ru9s3 pls4   

#ca1 #ha74 ,= ! fanciful aspects ( 8 t[n
 h\se see pp4 #aa1 #bag4  #c ,= !       
evid5ce ( correspond5ce esp4 f #aggj-gd 
see ,hea!r ,m>ti5ss51 ,*amb]s z a       
,pr(essional ,man1 ,ar*itectural        
,review1 #ace1 #b 7#aifd71 #bgg-bhc4  #d
 ,h>ris ga!rs evid5ce = ! meet+ )       
,fr$]ick1 pp4 #cc-ce1 & on pp4 #ah-ai1  
surmises t ,blondel's tea*+ may well h  
be5 ! f\ndation ( ,*amb]s's             
eclecticism4444 ,! *oice ( a ,p>isian   
education und]l9es ,*amb]s' ,european   
"*4  #e ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 ed4
 ,george ,birkbeck ,hill & ,l4 ,f4      
,p[ell 7,ox=d3 ,cl>5don ,press1 #aicd71 
,,iv1 #ahh4  #f ,designs1 fir/ page (   
unpag9at$ ,preface2 ,diss]tation        
7#aggc71 p4 iii4 ,cf4 ,william & ,john  
,halfp5ny ,mi*ael ,ho>e1 ,*9ese & ,go?ic
 ,ar*itecture ,prop]ly ,ornam5t$        
7,london1 #ageb71 e4g4 pl4 #b4  #g      
,designs1 second page ( unpag9at$       
,preface4  #h ,w4 ,j4 ,bean1 ,! ,royal  
,botanic ,g>d5s1 ,kew 7,london3         
,cassell1 #aijh71 pp4 #aid-aie1 foll[+  

,sir ,john ,hill1 ,hortus ,kew5sis      
7,london1 #agfh72 ,*amb]s1 ,plans1      
,elevations1 ,sections & ,p]spective    
,views ( ! ,g>d5s & ,build+s at ,kew    
7,london1 #agfc74  #i ,fr$]ick ,law     
,olm/$'s ,contribution1 ,roots (        
,contempor>y ,am]ican ,ar*itecture1 ed4 
,lewis ,mum=d 7,new ,york3 ,re9hold1    
#aieb71 p4 #aaa4 ,diss]tation 7#aggc71  
p4 #ajc & cf4 8 lett] ( #ac ,may #aggb 9
 ,h>ris 7#aigj71 p4 #aib2 ,walpole1 ,on 
,mod]n ,g>d5+1 ed4 ,w4 ,s4 ,lewis 7,new 
,york3 ,"y ,books1 #aica71 p4 #ff2      
,mason1 ,! ,engli% ,g>d51 ,book ,i      
7#aggb71 f9al l9e4  #aj ,designs1 p4 #ae
 7ed4 ,hunt & ,willis1 p4 #bhd74  #aa   
,*amb]s' prose is cit$ ,dunciad-fa%ion 9
 ! ,epi/le1 ,m9or ,engli% ,poets1       
#affj-aghj3 ,a ,selection f ,alex&]     
,*alm]s' ,! ,engli% ,poets #ahaj1 ed4   
,david ,p4 ,fr5* 7,new ,york3 ,b5jam9   
,blom1 #aifg71 ,,viii1 #ajh4 ,see       
,isabel ,w4 ,*ase1 ,william ,mason &    
,sir ,william ,*amb]s' ,diss]tation on  
,ori5tal ,g>d5+1 ,,jegp1 #ce 7#aicf71   

#eag-ecj2 ,r4 ,c4 ,bald1 ,sir ,william  
,*amb]s & ! ,*9ese ,g>d51 ,,jhi1 #aa    
7#aiej71 #bhg-cbj4  #ab ,c[p]1 ,book    
,,iii1 ,! ,g>d51 #a4 #gff1 9 ,a         
,collection ( ,engli% ,poems #affj-ahjj1
 ed4 ,ronald ,s4 ,crane 7,new ,york3    
,h>p]1 #aicb71 p4 #iih2 ,diss]tation    
7#aggc71 pp4 xi1 #bc-cj1 #cg-ci1 #ia-ii2
 cf4 ,d]ek ,clif=d1 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,g>d5  
,design1 rev4 ed4 7,new ,york3 ,praeg]1 
#aiff71 pp4 #baa-bab4  #ac ,disc\rse1   
pp4 #abe-abh1 #acc1 #acg-ach1 #adc1     
#aee-aef2 ,diss]tation 7#aggc71 pp4 vi1 
#ec2 ,h>ris1 p4 #aib4  #ad ,pevsn]1 ,!  
,o!r ,*amb]s1 ,ar*itectural ,review1    
#aja 7#aidg71 #aie-aih4  #ae ,temple1   
,^u ! ,g>d5s ( ,epicurus1 ed4 ,hunt &   
,willis1 p4 #ii2 ,osvald ,sir51 ,*9a &  
,g>d5s ( ,europe ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury  
7,new ,york3 ,ronald1 #aiej71 p4 iv2    
,disc\rse1 pp4 #aee-aef4  #af ,i owe ?is
 in=mation to ,pr(4 ,*+-,i ,tu (        
,liv+/on ,coll4 & ,dr4 ,nelson ,*\ ( !  
,ea/ ,asian ,lib41 bo? at ,rutg]s ,univ4
 ,likewise helpful b 9 no way blamewor?y

 9 my rem>ks on matt]s ,*9ese 7 ,pr(4   
,k+-,lui ,wu & ,mr4 ,antony ,m>r ( ,yale
 ,univ4 & ,pr(4 ,&rew ,plaks ( ,pr9ceton
 ,univ4 ,?\gh "s ( ! prop] names        
,*et-qua uses elud$ v]ification1 ! wor/ 
blund] not$ 0 ,ty1 :i* means emp]or1 at 
p4 #acin4 ,end[+ ,*et-qua ) n9e :isk]s  
in/ead ( ! traditional five be>ds sorts 
) ! unusually n>r[ proportions & num]\s 
/ories ( ! ,kew ,pagoda4 ,rhymes & %ort 
syntactic gr\p+s 9 italics1 pp4 #ada1   
#aeh1 are n ,confucian2 ! #bh? ye> (    
,*'i5-lung's reign 7p4 #aae7 w\ld be    
#agfd4 ,yet ! idiom 9 ! f9al n41 p4     
#afc1 is au!ntic4  #ag ,! initials /& = 
,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,soc4 ( ,sw$52 ,memb] 
( ! ,royal ,acad4 ( ,arts1 ,p>is2 ,memb]
 ( ! ,italian ,acad4 ( ,arts1 ,flor5ce2 
,treasur] ( ! ,royal ,acad42 ,comptroll]
 ,g5]al ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,works2          
,ar*itectural ,tutor to ! ,que54        
,*amb]s' int]national reputation 0      
assur$ by 8 ,treatise on ,civil         
,ar*itecture 7#agei74  #ah ,hi/orical   
,*ronicle1 ,g4,m41 #da 7#agga71         

#bcg-bch2 ,william ,t4 ,:itley1 ,arti/s 
& _! ,fri5ds 9 ,engl&1 #agjj-agii       
7,bo/on3 ,m$ici ,society1 #aibh71 ,i1   
#bfi-bgb2 ,johnson1 ,p]cy1 & ,sir       
,william ,*amb]s1 ,bodleian ,libr>y     
,record1 #d 7#aieb-ec71 #bia-bib4  #ai  
,h>ris1 p4 #aic 7,*amb]s' emphasis74    
,,bibliographical ,,note   ,! facsimile 
( ,an ,explanatory ,disc\rse is         
reproduc$ f a copy 7,%elf ,m>k3 ,,pml   
#ecjbf7 annex$ to ! second & la/ edition
 ( ,a ,diss]tation on ,ori5tal ,g>d5+   
7#aggc7 9 ,! ,pi]pont ,morgan ,libr>y4  
,! total type-page 7p4 #aac7 measures   
#bjh x #abg mm4         ,a              
,,diss]tation      ,,on      ,,ori5tal  
,,g>d5+2      ,,by      ,sr3 ,,william  
,,*amb]s1 ,knt      ,comptroll] ,g5]al (
 8 ,maje/y's ,works4      ,illu/ration3 
,jacket ,cov]      ,,london3    ,pr9t$  
by ,w4 ,,griff91 ,pr9t] to ! ,,royal    
,,academy2 sold by ,him 9               
,ca?>9e-,/reet3 & by ,t4 ,,davies1      
,booksell] to ! ,,royal ,,academy1   9  
,russel-,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d53 also by   

,j4 ,,dodsley1 ,pall ,mall3   ,,wilson &
 ,,nicoll1 ,/r&3 ,j4 ,,walt]1 ,*>+      
,cross3 & ,p4   ,,elmsley1 ,/r&4 #aggb4 
,a    ,,diss]tation    ,,on    ,,ori5tal
 ,,g>d5+2    ,,by    ,s,r ,,william     
,,*amb]s1    ,,comptroll]-,,g5]al ,,(   
,,8 ,,maje/y',s ,,works1 c4    ,,!      
,,second ,,edition1 ,,) ,,additions4    
,,to ,,:i* ,,is ,,annex$1    ,,an       
,,explanatory ,,disc\rse1    ,,by       
,,tan ,,*et-,,qua1 ( ,,quang-,,*ew-,,fu1
 ,g5t4    ,,london3    ,pr9t$ by ,w4    
,,griff91 ,pr9t] to ! ,,royal ,,academy2
 sold by ,him 9   ,ca?>9e-/reet2 & by   
,t4 ,,davies1 ,booksell] to ! ,,royal   
,,academy1   9 ,russel-/reet1           
,cov5t-,g>d53 also by ,j4 ,,dodsley1    
,pall-,mall2   ,,wilson & ,,nicoll1     
,/r&2 ,j4 ,,walt]1 ,*>+-,cross2 & ,p4   
,,elmsley1 ,/r&4 #aggc4       ,,an      
,,explanatory ,,disc\rse1    ,,by       
,,tan ,,*et-,,qua1    ,,(               
,quang-,*ew-fu1 ,g5t4 ,,frss1 ,,mraap2  
,,also1    ,,miaaf1 ,,tra1 ,,cghmw &    
,,attq4    ,,:]e9    ,! ,,pr9ciples laid

 d[n 9 ! ,=ego+   ,,diss]tation1 are    
illu/rat$ &   appli$ to ,,practice4     
,,preface4   ,e new sy/em naturally     
meets ) opposition2 :5 ! mon/] ,novelty 
appe>s1 all p>ties1 al>m$ at ! dang]1   
unite to raise a clam\r3 ea* cavils at  
:at x do? n l1 or do? n compreh5d1 till 
! :ole project is pull$ to pieces1 & !  
projector /&s plum$ ( e fea!r2 n only   
robb$ ( ! praise due to 8 lab\r & good  
int5tions1 b1 l a common enemy1 br&$ )  
scorn & abuse4 ,9 ! fir/ hurry (        
criticism1 e deviation is acc\nt$ an    
error2 e s+ul>ity an extravagance2 e    
difficulty a vision>y's dream3 w>m )    
res5tm5t1 biass$ by int]e/s &           
prejudices1 ! angry *ampions ( ! old1   
r>ely %[ m]cy to ! new2 :i* is almo/    
always invidi\sly consid]$1 & too (t5   
unju/ly condemn$4  ,s5sible ( ^!        
difficulties1 ! ,au?or ( ! =ego+        
,diss]tation1 writt5 9 direct opposition
 to ! /ream ( fa%ion1 h>b\r$ no sangu9e 
hopes ( fame f 8 ,publication3 f> f     
expect+ at ! fir/1 ei!r applause or     

enc\ragem5t1 he ev5 judg$ artifice      
necess>y to scre5 him f res5tm5t2 &     
cloa!d tru? 9 ! g>b ( fiction1 to secure
 x a pati5t he>+4  ,! success ( 8 little
 "w1 h[ev]1 9 "o s5se1 f> exce$$        
expectation3 at its fir/ appe>ance "h1 x
 f\nd n only a pati5t1 b a v indulg5t   
reception2 & x has s9ce be5 equally     
=tunate 9 ,france1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe2
 :]e ,monsieur ,del>o*ette's elegant    
translation has made x kn[n4  ,yet      
flatt]+ z ?is ext5sive suffrage may     
seem1 x is 9 reality r mortify+ to !    
,au?or2 :o f9ds1 f ! nature ( !         
encomiums be/[$ ^u 8 p]=mance1 t x has  
be5 m g5]ally lik$ ?an und]/ood2 & t1   
:il/ a few h hon\r$ x ) a delib]ate     
read+1 & sep>at$ ! sub/ance f ! vehicle 
9 :i* x 0 conta9$1 f> ! great] numb] h  
mi/ak5 ! mask = ! reality1 & consid]$ x 
simply z a pleas+ tale2 z ! m]e recital 
( a travell]'s obs]vation2 or1 z !      
luxuriant effusions ( a f]tile          
imag9ation1 a spl5did picture ( vision>y
 excell5ce4  ,:e!r ^! misappreh5sions   

arose f want ( p]spicuity 9 ! writ]1 or 
want ( att5tion 9 ! read]s1 admits ( no 
dispute2 ! =m] 0 mo/ probably ! case4 ,!
 ,au?or !re=e1 :o wi%es to be p]fectly  
und]/ood1 & is m ambiti\s ( be+ useful  
?an ent]ta9+1 humbly begs leave to (f]1 
at ! end ( ?is second edition1 su*      
reasons & explanations z seem necess>y1 
ei!r to remove d\bts1 or cle>           
obscurities2 he flatt]s himself !y w be 
f\nd suffici5t1 & s]ve to place ! "w 9  
its true1 its mo/ advantage\s light4  ,(
 ^! illu/rations he saw ! necessity "s  
"t ago1 & fram$ !m into a ,disc\rse     
suppos$ to be pron\nc$ by ,*et-qua1 !n 9
 ,engl&2 judg+ x1 at t "t1 a sort (     
propriety to put 9 ! m\? ( a ,*9ese1 :at
 f>!r in=mation 0 want$ relative to 8   
c\ntry4  ,b z !re is n[ no long] any    
necessity = disguise1 bo? ! ,diss]tation
 & ,explanatory ,disc\rse ought c]ta9ly 
to appe> 9 _! natural dress4 ,to        
new-model !m1 h[ev]1 w\ld require m "t  
?an ! ,au?or c possibly sp>e2 he !re=e  
has republi%$ ! ,diss]tation1 9 its     

orig9al =m1 & ! ,disc\rse z x 0         
orig9ally writt52 hop+ ! indulg5t read] 
w p>don ^! defects1 & ga!r ! fruit1 if  
!re be any to ga!r1 )\t m9d+ ! trees on 
:i* x gr[s4     ,introduction4   ,all ! 
_w knew ,*et-qua1 & h[ he 0 born at     
,quang-*ew-fu1#bj 9 ! f\r? moon ( ! ye> 
tw5ty-eight2 also h[ he 0 br$ a         
face-mak]1 & _h ?ree wives1 two ( :om he
 c>ess$ v mu*2 ! ?ird b seldom1 = %e 0 a
 virago1 & _h l>ge feet4 ,he dress$     
well1 (t5 9 ?ick satt92 wore n9e :isk]s 
& f\r long nails1 ) silk boots1 callico 
bree*es1 & e o!r ornam5t t ,m&>9s are   
wont to we>2 equall+ !re9 ! prime       
mac>ones1 & scavoir vivres1 n only (    
,quang-*ew1 b ev5 ( ,kyang-n+1 or       
,%un-ti5-fu4 ,( 8 size2 he 0 a          
well-spok5 portly man1 = a ,*9ese2 a    
pretty g5]al s*ol>2 &1 = a hea!n1 a v   
compleat g5tleman4 ,he compos$ a        
tieh-tse1 or billet-d\x1 at pleasure2   
recit$ v]ses1 ei!r 9 ,mant*\ or ,*9ese1 
& sung love-songs 9 _m languages4 ,he   
likewise danc$ a f&ango1 aft] ! newe/   

ta/e ( ,macao1 play$ div9ely ^u !       
bag-pipe1 & made excell5t rem>ks2 :i*1  
:5 he lodg$ at ,mr4 ,m>r's1 9 ! ,/r&1 he
 w\ld repeat to 8 fri5ds ov] a pipe1 z  
(t5 z !y pleas$2 = he 0 fond ( smoak+1  
provid$ ! tobacco 0 good2 &1 ^u ^!      
occasions1 0 always va/ly pleasant1 & v 
communicative4  ,among/ 8 fav\rite      
topics 7 pa9t+1 music1 ar*itecture &    
g>d5+2 to ! la/ ( :i* he seem$ mo/      
affect$1 (t5 diss]t+ !reon till he 0    
tir$1 & ! audi5ce fa/ asleep2 = ! tone (
 8 voice 0 l opium to ! he>]s2 8 me?od 0
 diffuse1 & ! subject1 ?\gh a good "o1 n
 g5]ally int]e/+4  ,"o day he laun*$ out
 into a long description ( ! ,ea/]n     
,g>d5s1 especially ^? ( 8 own c\ntry1 to
 :i* he 0 exce$+ly p>tial2 &1 9 !       
conclusion1 comp>$ !m to a spl5did fea/1
 at :i* !re 7 pleasures = e s5se1 & food
 = e fancy2 :il/ our ,g>d5s1 he said1 7 
l ,sp>tan bro?1 :i* 0 disgu/ful to all b
 ,sp>tan palates2 or l ! p>tial nigg>dly
 treats ( ! fable1 adapt$ only to organs
 ( a peculi> con/ruction3 he advanc$ _m 

o!r odd positions1 spoke v freely1 z    
well ( our ,g>d5]s1 z ,g>d5s1 & end$    
recomm5d+ ! ,*9ese ta/e1 9 pref]5ce to  
all o!rs4  ,we 7 div]t$ ) ! disc\rse1 f 
its s+ul>ity1 & ! v>iety ( new ideas 9  
:i* x ab\nd$2 yet z x ran 9 direct      
opposition to ! g5]al op9ion & usage (  
,engl&1 & recomm5d$ a sy/em :i* appe>$  
to u r vision>y ?an practicable1 we     
animadv]t$ ^u all its p>ts ) ! utmo/    
fre$om2 nei!r sp>+ ! spee* nor speak] 9 
any p>ticul>4  ,! sev]ity ( our         
criticism at fir/ disconc]t$ poor       
,*et-qua1 :o rema9$ sil5t1 & 9 app>5t   
confusion2 b1 aft] a %ort pause1 he     
reassum$ 8 usual good hum\r1 8 c\nt5ance
 cle>$ up1 he arose1 b[$ to ! company1 &
 /rok+ 8 n9e :isk]s1 began ! foll[+     
disc\rse4     ,,disc\rse1 c4      ,tan  
l\ ty t*an yue#ba     ,ko ou1 p\ ko *\e4
     ,ou yun k+ tai pan     ,f\ f\ te\  
lo ty   ,if1 9 ! hurry & w>m? ( speak+1 
,*et-qua has us$ expressions t seem$    
disrespectful1 or inadv]t5tly />t$      
notions t appe>$ extravagant1 z y1      

,g5tlem51 are pleas$ to ass]t1 x is m   
?an he int5d$2 8 sole aim at ?is meet+1 
has be5 to po9t out a /yle ( ,g>d5+     
pref]able to y\r's2 & to %ew h[ mu* m   
may be done 9 t ,art1 ?an has hi!rto be5
 ?\ght on1 by y\r or any o!r ,european  
nation3 to enum]ate impossibilities1 or 
amuse an audi5ce ) gold5 dreams &       
glitt]+ %ad[s1 w\ld answ] no useful     
purposes2 & c\ld1 !re=e1 nei!r be !     
bus9ess nor int5tion ( ,*et-qua1 :o     
speaks n = ! pleasure ( speak+1 nor ) a 
desire ( tickl+ ! e>1 b ) ! hope ( be+  
s]viceable2 he lam5ts 8 want (          
p]spicuity1 to :i* alone y\r            
misappreh5sions mu/ be imput$2 & begs   
leave to trespass on y\r pati5ce a few  
mom5ts long]1 to expla9 himself m       
cle>ly1 & endeav\r to remove y\r        
prejudices aga9/ him4  ,he is sorry to h
 be5 "u a necessity ( c5sur+1 ev5 9 a   
di/ant mann]1 :at seem$ to him imp]fect 
among/ y2 b :oev] w\ld be in/rum5tal 9 !
 advancem5t ( sci5ce1 mu/ decl>e 8 m9d  
freely1 & sometimes en=ce 8 precepts by 

examples t exi/3 8 obs]vations h be5 z  
g5]al z ! subject w\ld p]mit2 = x is    
nev] 8 incl9ation to give (f5ce2 yet :]e
 tru? is to be inve/igat$1 ! tru? mu/   
necess>ily be told2 else little or no   
progress c ev] be made3 :]e m5 play !   
sycophants1 & tacitly suff]1 or meanly  
applaud1 :at !y d n approve2 no am5dm5t 
c ev] be expect$4  ,x is true1 t        
diss5tions 9 op9ion1 h[ev] well meant1 w
 (t5 be> an invidi\s aspect1 & always   
mu/ (f5d "s int]e/$ individuals2 yet1 to
 ! community1 !y are g5]ally            
advantage\s1 & %\ld always be fav\rably 
receiv$1 z !y give bir? to new          
discov]ies1 & ultimately po9t out !     
highe/ p]fection3 _h no man ev] v5tur$  
to diss5t f 8 neighb\r1 our age w\ld be 
z d>k z 7 ^? ( ,fo-hii1 ,%+ tong1 or    
,:oang-tii2#bb & ,i am firmly p]suad$1 t
 y\r ,engli% ,g>d5+ w\ld n[ h be5 mu* m 
p]fect1 _h any "o ev] d>$ to dispute its
 excell5ce3 b to diss5t1 is an un?ankful
 bus9ess2 a dang]\s talk1 t few h       
spirits to und]take1 p>ticul>ly :]e     

p>ty-rage is viol5t1 at x n[ & !n seems 
to be among/ y4--,b ,i come to ! po9t4  
,9 ,*9a1 our l>ge ,g>d5s are obta9$ at  
an almo/ incr$ible exp5ce1 & att5d$ ) _m
 inconv5i5cys3 among/ y1 ^: policy1 ^:  
mann]s are totally diff]5t f ours1 !y   
might (t5 be _h at a mod]ate *>ge1 & )\t
 mu* tr\ble2 = =midable z !y may at fir/
 appe>1 x is c]ta9 t mo/ ( _! sc5]y is  
easily execut$1 :5 prop] opportunities  
occur1 :i* is frequ5tly ! case 9        
,europe1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,engl&2 :]e y\r   
illu/ri\s families h l>ge doma9s2 :]e   
agriculture is neat] & m v>i\s ?an 9 o!r
 c\ntries2 & :]e ! face ( nature is 9   
g5]al m luxuriant2 z well z bett]       
contra/$4  ,x is natural en\gh = a      
/rang] to be dazzl$ ) ! spl5dor ( our   
,ori5tal plantations2 ^u a cursory      
inspection1 to conclude !m too va/1 too 
magnific5t1 too exp5sive = ,european    
imitation2 & t1 9 y\r "p ( ! _w1 !      
greate/ pr9ces %\ld n be indulg$ ) su*  
articles ( luxury1 calculat$1 z !y seem1
 to exhau/ _! treasures1 wa/e _! l&s1   

rob & oppress _! subjects3 b a m        
att5tive exam9ation w probably give bir?
 to m fav\rable op9ions1 & s]ve to      
prove1 t n only y\r pr9ces1 b ev5 y\r   
private g5tlem51 may emulate u 9 ?is    
p>ticul> v safely2 & t our /yle ( ,g>d5+
 may be adopt$ among/ y1 ev5 9 its :ole 
ext5t1 )\t be+ att5d$ ) any ( !         
inconv5i5ces j n[ recit$4  ,x is n !    
f5ce t con/itutes ! ,g>d52 ,cobham1     
,/\rton1 ,bl5heim1 w\ld /ill be :at !y  
are1 ?\gh ! pales or walls by :i* !y are
 enclos$ 7 tak5 away3 nei!r is privacy  
necess>y to ! ess5ce ( a ,g>d52 =       
,ri*mond & ,kew are surely ! same1 :5   
op5 to all ! _w1 z :5 !y are only       
accessible to ! ,royal ,family2 nor is  
useful or pr(itable culture incompatible
 ) ! idea1 ei!r ( our ,*9ese1 or y\r    
,engli% ,g>d5+4  ,any tract ( l&1 !re=e1
 ^: *>act]i/ick expressions h be5       
/r5g!n$ by art1 & 9 :i* ! spontane\s    
arrangem5ts ( nature h be5 correct$1    
improv$ & adorn$ by ! h& ( ta/e1 ought  
to be consid]$ z a ,g>d51 ?\gh only f5c$

 ) common h$ges1 & al?\gh ! roads or    
pa?s pass+ ?r\gh x be publick1 & !      
gr\nds ( :i* x is compos$ cultivat$ to !
 utmo/ advantage4  ,!re rema9s !n no    
ob/acle to y\r rivall+ ! ,*9ese1 ei!r 9 
! gr&eur or ext5t ( _! ,g>d5s3 9 :i*1 y 
seem to fix1 ! insup]able difficulties (
 ! imitation2 s9ce y h p>ks1 =e/s1      
manors & royalties1 "s ev5 9 private    
h&s1 m ext5sive ?an is necess>y2 & s9ce 
^! may be s improv$1 & conv]t$ into     
g>d5s ^u ! plan n[ m5tion$1 )\t wa/e (  
l&1 )\t invasion ( prop]ty1 )\t         
annoyance or seclusion ( ! public1 &    
c]ta9ly ) less damage or exp5ce to !    
own]1 ?an are usually incurr$ 9 !       
article ( y\r common ,g>d5+2 z no       
*>geable keep+ or f5c+ w\ld be necess>y1
 no gr\nds unpr(itably employ$1 no      
consid]able assi/ance f art want$3 = !  
features ( real nature1 be+ 9 !mselves  
g5]ally m p]fect1 z well z great] ?an ! 
f9e/ imitations1 require v few helps2   
seldom any t are exp5sive4  ,e arti/1   
!re=e1 :o has ! =tune to meet ) patrons 

( l>ge possessions1 & lib]al s5tim5ts1  
may give full scope to 8 imag9ation1 &  
boldly apply :atev] he has se51 he>d1 or
 8 own fancy may h sugge/$1 t is great1 
extraord9>y1 or surpris+3 in/ead (      
conf9+ 8 views to a few acres1 to =m a  
trifl+ composition1 sc>cely sup]ior to !
 des]t at a fe/ival2 & :i*1             
insignificant z x w\ld be1 none b !     
heal?ful & vigor\s c\ld ev] see2 he may 
conv]t a :ole prov9ce into a ,g>d52 :]e 
! spectator1 in/ead ( toil+ on foot1 z  
usual1 to see a few no?+s1 & p]=m+ m    
revolutions ?an a horse 9 a mill1 may   
w&] ov] a :ole c\ntry at 8 ease1 9 %ips 
or 9 b>ges1 9 c>riages or on horse-back1
 fea/+ ! sight ) sc5es ( ! bolde/       
dim5sions1 & contemplat+ ! luxuriant    
v>i$ productions ( ,nature1 improv$ &   
nobly enri*$ by ,art4  ,& p]mit me to   
say1 t ,g>d5s ( ?is sort1 w\ld n only be
 m magnific5t1 b also mu* m beautiful & 
p]fect 9 e respect1 ?an any ev5 among/ !
 be/ ( y\r artificial p]=mances4 ,9 !   
great /yle ( ,g>d5+1 neatness is n only 

sup]flu\s1 b de/ructive ( ! pr9cipal    
int5t3 ! common roads1 bridleways &     
pa?s1 ( a c\ntry1 h[ev] wild1 are always
 pref]able to ! /iff1 =mal1 made walks (
 a ,g>d52 !y are1 9 !mselves1 gr&]1 m   
natural1 & may1 ) a v little assi/ance2 
a few accompanym5ts1 be made z          
commodi\s1 z ri*1 z v>i$1 & z pleasant4 
,fields cov]$ ) corn1 turneps1 beans1   
potatoes1 hemp1 or productions ( a      
simil> nature2 mead[s1 pa/ure l&s1 hop  
gr\nds1 or*>ds1 & o!r p>ts ( ,engli%    
culture2 int]wov5 ) common h$ges1 or    
bl5d$ ) accid5tal plantations1 require  
little1 if any assi/ance f ,art1 to be m
 picturesque ?an lawns ! mo/ curi\sly   
dott$ ) clumps2 & villages1 c\ntry      
*ur*es1 f>m-h\ses or cottages1 :5 plac$ 
) judgem5t1 & design$ ) ta/e1 enri* &   
adorn a l&scape z well z m exp5sive     
/ructures4  ,! riv]s ( ,nature fl[ 9 =ms
 t ,art c nev] equal3 _! natural        
modifications1 p>ticul>ly 9 m\nta9\s    
places1 are suffici5tly num]\s2 a little
 managem5t height5s or dim9i%es all _!  

expressions1 v>ies _! appe>ances1 &     
adapts !m to sc5es ( any "*3 _! banks   
are soon adorn$1 ev5 9 ! ri*e/ mann]2 = 
roses1 a ?\s& o!r %rubs1 & mo/ p]5nial  
fl[]s1 w gr[ z easily1 & ) z little     
culture1 z primroses & bri>s d4 ,a few (
 ^!1 a little plant+ prop]ly employ$1 & 
bl5d$ ) rural build+s1 bridges1 ru9s1   
monum5tal urns1 & o!r trifl+            
decorations1 spread ov] ! :ole an       
appe>ance t equals1 ev5 surpasses ! mo/ 
elaborate cultivation4  ,9 e l>ge tract 
( l&1 !re g5]ally are "s places         
abundantly suppli$ ) wat]1 :i* (t5 fl[s 
?r\gh unc\? m>%y bottoms ( little use or
 value to ! own]3 by rais+ heads at _!  
extremities1 ^! are easily ov]fl[$2 &   
lakes ( v consid]able dim5sions may ?us 
be obta9$1 (t5 )\t mu* tr\ble1 always ) 
great advantages1 z well 9 po9t ( pr(it 
z ( pleasure2 & :]ev] x may be necess>y 
to dig1 9 ord] to give a prop] dep? to !
 wat]1 ! e>? may be rais$ into isl&s (  
v>i\s %apes1 :i* s]ve to complicate !   
=ms1 to enri* & beautify ! sc5]y4  ,?\gh

 woods1 f v>i\s causes1 are n[ m r>e ?an
 h]et(ore among/ y1 yet are !re1 9 mo/  
p>ts1 "s /ill rema9+2 _! natural        
beauties are _m1 & little m is left =   
art to d 9 !m1 ?an to =m roads1 to ?9 or
 ?ick5 !m occasionally2 :]e x may be    
want+1 to int]sp]se1 among/ !           
plantations1 a few prop] %rubs & fl[]s2 
to op5 recesses1 & to decorate !m )     
objects2 ?is done1 !y w be inf9itely    
sup]ior1 9 e respect1 to any ( ! gaudy  
trifl+ confus$ plantations ) :i* all y\r
 ,engli%-made ,g>d5s are s cr\d$4       
,engl& ab\nds ) commons & wilds1 dre>y1 
b>r51 & s]v+ only to give an uncultivat$
 appe>ance to ! c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly ne> !
 metropolis3 to beautify ^! va/ tracts (
 l&1 is next to an impossibility2 b !y  
may easily be fram$ into sc5es ( t]ror1 
conv]t$ into noble pictures ( ! sublime/
 ca/1 &1 by an artful contra/1 s]ve to  
en=ce ! effect ( gay] & m luxuriant     
prospects4  ,on "s ( !m are se5 gibbets1
 ) wret*es hang+ 9 t]rorem ^u !m2 on    
o!rs1 =ges1 colli]ies1 m9es1 coal       

tracts1 brick or lime kilns1            
glass-works1 & diff]5t objects ( !      
horrid k9d3 :at little vegetation !y h1 
is dismal2 ! animals t fe$ ^u x1 are    
half-fami%$ to ! arti/'s h&s2 & !       
cottag]s1 ) ! huts 9 :i* !y dwell1 want 
no additional t\*es1 to indicate _!     
mis]y3 a few unc\? /raggl+ trees1 "s    
ru9s1 cav]ns1 rocks1 torr5ts1 ab&on$    
villages1 9 "p consum$ by fire1 solit>y 
h]mitages1 & o!r simil> objects1        
artfully introduc$ & bl5d$ ) gloomy     
plantations1 w\ld compleat ! aspect (   
desolation1 & s]ve to fill ! m9d1 :]e   
!re 0 no possibility ( gratify+ ! s5ses4
  ,9 prosecut+ a plan ( ?is ext5sive    
nature1 _m o!r opportunities w\ld pres5t
 !mselves to ! able arti/1 ( dignify+   
nature1 & ( height5+ 8 compositions )   
all ! =ce ( novelty & gr&eur2 /one      
qu>ries1 *alk pits1 m9es1 might z easily
 be fram$ into va/ amphi!atres1 ru/ic   
arcades & p]y/iles1 ext5sive subt]rane\s
 habitations1 grottos1 vault$ roads1 &  
passages1 z into o!r %apes2 hills might1

 )\t mu* difficulty1 be trans=m$ into   
/up5d\s rocks1 by p>tial incru/ations ( 
/one1 judici\sly mix$ ) turf1 f]n1 wild 
%rubs & =e/ trees2 gravel pits1 or o!r  
simil> excavations1 might be conv]t$    
into ! mo/ romantic sc5]y imag9able1 by 
! addition ( "s plant+1 int]mix$ ) ru9s1
 fragm5ts ( sculpture1 inscriptions1 or 
any o!r little embelli%m5ts2 &1 9 %ort1 
!re w\ld be no deviation1 h[ev] trifl+1 
f ! usual m>* ( nature1 b :at w\ld      
sugge/1 to a fruitful imag9ation1 "s    
extraord9>y arrangem5t1 some?+ to       
disguise h] vulg>ity1 to r\se ! att5tion
 ( ! spectator1 & to excite 9 8 m9d a   
succession ( /rong & opposite s5sations4
  ,x is ?us t f> ! noble/ "p ( our      
,*9ese ,g>d5s1 & ^? :i* at fir/ sight   
appe> mo/ impracticable1 may be obta9$  
ev5 among/ ! common dispositions (      
,engli% nature2 & ! great might ?us h   
pleasure-gr\nds1 ext5sive & extraord9>y 
z ^? ( ! ,ea/1 )\t any v consid]able    
exp5ce3 m5 ( less note w\ld naturally   
imitate _! sup]iors1 by embelli%+ _!    

possessions 9 ! same mann]2 & in/ead (  
sp5d+ l>ge sums to f5ce & to l>d a      
little field ) twigs1 to give x ! "n ( a
 ,g>d51 !y w\ld beautify _! :ole e/ate2 
:i*1 by a prop] att5tion to !           
oeconomical precepts ( our ,*9ese       
,g>d5]s1 might be done 9 su* a mann] z  
to encrease its value1 z well z improve 
its appe>ance4  ,by ^! means ?is :ole   
k+dom might soon become "o magnific5t   
va/ ,g>d51 b\nd$ only by ! sea2 ! _m    
noble seats & villas ) :i* x ab\nds1    
w\ld give uncommon consequ5ce to !      
sc5]y2 & x might /ill be r5d]$ m        
spl5did1 if1 in/ead ( disfigur+ y\r     
*ur*es ) monum5ts1 our ,*9ese mann] (   
erect+ mausoleums by ! sides ( ! roads 0
 introduc$ among/ y2 & if all y\r public
 bridges 7 adorn$ ) triumphal ar*es1    
ro/ral pill>s1 bas-reliefs1 /atues1 &   
o!r indications ( victory1 & glori\s    
at*ievem5ts 9 w>3 an empire trans=m$    
into a spl5did ,g>d51 ) ! imp]ial       
mansion t[]+ on an em95ce 9 ! c5t]1#bc &
 ! palaces ( ! nobles scatt]$ l         

pleasure-pavilions among/ ! plantations1
 inf9itely surpasses any ?+ t ev5 !     
,*9ese ev] attempt$3 yet va/ z ! design 
appe>s1 ! execution is c]ta9ly )9 y\r   
rea*4  ,su*1 z f> z ,i am able to judge1
 cont9u$ our ,orator1 is ! true         
application ( nature to horticulture2   
p]haps ! only "o t c be attempt$ )      
success3 :]ev] %e is made 9 little1 or  
introduc$ ^u a conf9$ plan1 ! effect is 
always trifl+ & bad1 z w appe> to any   
man ( real ta/e1 :o inspects !          
artificial sc5]y ev5 ( y\r mo/ approv$  
g>d5s3 ,nature admits ( no r$uction 9 h]
 dim5sions2 trees w n gr[ 9 m9iature2   
nor are h] bold movem5ts to be express$ 
^u ! surface ( a few acres3 & n to      
m5tion any ( y\r p]=mances1 x is sc>cely
 9 ! p[] ( ! mo/ consummate art1 to     
imitate nature p]fectly2 nor 7 x        
possible1 c\ld ! mo/ skilful arrangem5ts
 acquire _! true effect1 till aft] !    
expiration ( _m ye>s3 our *ildr5 may see
 ! p]fection ( :at we plant2 we nev] c4 
,our ea/]n arti/s1 !re=e1 seldom attempt

 to create1 b r imitate ! tonsor1 !     
habit-mak]1 ! po/ure-ma/]1 & all ! o!r  
poli%]s ( man2 :o dispose1 decorate1    
cleanse1 clip1 & add grace to :at is    
already =m$ to _! h&s3 to make nature1  
!y say1 is t$i\s & difficult beyond     
conception2 b %e may soon be embelli%$1 
h] r$undancys suppress$1 h] faults      
correct$1 h] wants suppli$1 h] beauties 
improv$1 & set to view4  ,! tru? ( ^!   
ass]tions is1 ,i ?9k1 app>5t 9 _m ( y\r 
fam\s plantations2 b ! beauties (       
improv$ natural sc5]y1 ! defects (      
artificial1 are no :]e s /rongly m>k$ z 
at ,b----m1 ! mo/ magnific5t seat ,i h  
yet se5 9 ,europe4 ,on our entrance into
 ! ,p>k1 we 7 a/oni%$ at ! sight ( a    
/up5d\s palace1 surr\nd$ ) "o ( ! noble/
 sc5es ( nature t c be imag9$2 ! ext5t  
is va/1 ! p>ts uncommonly l>ge1 ! gr\nds
 naturally well contra/$1 ! transitions 
bold1 ! plantations 9 p]fect maturity3  
:at assi/ance 0 necess>y f art1 has     
hi!rto be5 judici\sly adm9i/]$2 !       
removal ( "s trees1 has expos$ to view  

beauties t seem be=e to h be5 conceal$2 
! addition ( "s o!rs1 has enri*$ p>ts t 
7 b>e2 & ! trifl+1 ?\gh v judici\s      
circum/ance ( rais+ a head at ! end ( a 
valley1 has obta9$ a v consid]able lake 
( wat]1 :i* enri*es & enliv5s all !     
prospects2 & :i*1 by foll[+ ! natural   
b5t or w9d+s ( ! valley1 has tak51 )\t  
any assi/ance f art1 ! mo/ picturesque  
=ms t c\ld be desir$3 9 %ort1 ! :ole is 
n[ admirable2 &1 :5 improv$ to ! utmo/1 
accord+ to ! design ( ! munific5t own]1 
w yet be m s4 ,ornam5ts to *>act]ize !  
,g>d5 m /rongly1 are yet want+1 & "s    
ma/]ly f9i%+ t\*es /ill v necess>y3 "o  
only little tw9+ pa?1 )9 t5 cubits ( !  
f5ce1 is c]ta9ly n 9 "* ) ! gr&eur ( !  
place2 b ! f5ce may be remov$2 & !re is 
room1 ev5 n[1 on ! declivity ( ! banks1 
& by ! sides ( ! lake1 = m consid]able  
walks1 ) _m recesses1 :i*1 :5 made &    
decorat$1 w add v>iety to gr&eur1 & r5d]
 ! :ole z ent]ta9+ & spl5did1 z x is n[ 
great4  ,y enjoy ! sight ( ?is noble    
prospect = m ?an a mile2 :5 ! little pa?

 is sudd5ly turn$ into a little wood1   
:5ce1 aft] hav+ advanc$ a few paces1 y  
behold a piece ( sc5]y1 all artificial1 
:i* ,i _c v5ture to describe 9 ?is      
pres5ce3 "s ( y1 ,g5tlem51 h se5 :at x  
is2 &1 ) all y\r national p>tiality1 mu/
 all[1 ei!r t x proves ! impossibility (
 creat+ nature ) any degree ( success2  
or1 t ! able/ ( y\r c\ntrym5 h no tal5t 
t way2 to create1 or to improve1 are    
inde$ v diff]5t op]ations2 ! =m] ( :i*  
requires inf9itely ! mo/ skill3 x is t5 
times m difficult to pa9t a picture1 ?an
 to judge1 or sugge/ improvem5ts1 9 "o  
already pa9t$4  ,hi!rto ,i h only       
describ$ ( ,b----m1 :at /rang]s usually 
see2 b ! :ole p>k1 above twelve miles 9 
circumf]5ce1 & sev]al f>ms adjo9+ to x1 
are uncommonly beautiful1 ri* 9 old     
plant+1 9 wat]1 & 9 a great v>iety (    
picturesque sites & po9ts ( view2 s t1 )
 a v little dress+1 ) "s assi/ance f !  
si/] arts ( ar*itecture & sculpture1 !  
:ole might easily be conv]t$ into "o    
l>ge magnific5t ,g>d54  ,& give me leave

 to obs]ve1 t ^! advantages are by no   
means peculi> to ,b----m2 ,engl& boa/s  
at lea/ a hundr$ o!r places1 _m z       
ext5sive1 mo/ ( !m z capable (          
improvem5t1 9 v>i\s ways2 :i*1 "u !     
managem5t ( true arti/s1 might soon be  
made to rival ! ,tse-hiu & ,*ang-l9#bd (
 anci5t days1 ! ,yv5 m+1 ! ,t*ang t*un  
yv51#be or any ( ! pres5t spl5did       
pleasure ,g>d5s ( our sublime ,emp]or1  
,ki5g-long2 ! tor* ( ! ea/1 & true      
desc5dant ( ,tay-tsoy1 ! provid5ce (    
,heav51 :om ,joss#bf pres]ve 9 fle% &   
good spirits4  ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be        
confess$1 t !re is an inconv5i5cy       
subsi/+ among/ y1 :i* w always ret>d1 & 
(t5 prev5t ! execution ( ?is ext5sive   
plan ( ,g>d5+2 x is ! lic5ti\sness ( y\r
 y\? & common p1 :o delight 9 de/roy+ e 
extraord9>y ?+ t comes 9 _! way3 if a   
great man plants trees to %ade &        
beautify a road1 ! p cut !m d[n2 if     
/atues1 or o!r pieces ( sculpture1 are  
set to adorn places ( public resort1 !  
boys pelt at !m ) /ones1 till all _!    

extremities are demoli%$3 :]ev] !re are 
build+s1 or seats1 ev5 9 y\r ,royal     
,g>d5s1 we see !m con/antly disfigur$ ) 
scurril\s inscriptions1 or obsc5e       
rhimes2 & :]e !re are any uncommon      
trees1 !y are dive/$ ( e bran* )9 rea*2 
! %rubs are robb$ ( _! blossom2 ! fl[]s 
are trodd5 "u foot2 ! birds & animals   
are de/roy$3 9 %ort1 no mis*ief1 t      
drunk5 mir? or delib]ate malevol5ce c   
sugge/1 is left undone4 ,:at pity t su* 
de/ructive brutality %\ld exi/ 9 a      
c\ntry s p>ticul>ly fav\r$ by ,nature1 &
 s capable ( improvem5t 9 ! highe/      
degree2 :il/1 9 e o!r "p ( ! _w1 x is   
unkn[n1 almo/ unhe>d (6  ,b !re is a    
/rong t9cture ( ! rhub>b 9 all human    
competitions2 & lib]ty1 :i* has s _m    
advantages1 is1 nev]!less1 att5d$ ) "s  
inconv5i5cies1 ( a v s]i\s nature2      
among/ :i*1 ! f]ocity ( its l[e/ vot>ies
 is none ( ! lea/ =midable4 ,s9ce our   
arrival "h la/ ,july1 ,i h se5 at lea/  
tw5ty ( _! boi/]\s pranks2 9 :i*1 n to  
enum]ate ! brok5 w9d[s1 ! bloody noses1 

! kicks1 & ! ba/9adoes ( o!r g5tlem51 ,i
 h myself be5 a melan*oly suff]] ^u     
v>i\s occasions2 p>ticul>ly at          
,portsm\?1 :]e ,i 0 ?r[n into ! sea1 &  
n>r[ly escap$ dr[n+1 = ! div]sion ( !   
company4 ,w\ld to ,heav56--z ,i say to !
 mi/ress ,*et-quas 9 a morn+--w\ld to   
,heav51 my ducks1 we 7 well at          
,quang-*ew-fu aga91 ) all our long      
nails1 & all our :isk]s ab\t u6 ,!      
rig\rs ( an ,emp]or are less frightful  
to me1 ?an ! frolics ( a savage mob1    
elevat$ to madness ) songs ( fre$om1 &  
tons ( /rong be]3 x is easi] to please a
 man ) "o good head1 ?an a mon/] ) t5   
?\s&1 all bad ones4      ,miao kao      
faan-quai#bg     ,tsat paat quai-tsai   
,p>don ?is digression1 :i* ! t]rors ( a 
di/urb$ imag9ation h drawn me into2 &   
p]mit y\r s]vant to re-assume ! ?read ( 
8 ,disc\rse4  ,:]ev] ! ext5t is         
consid]able1 & ! l&s prop]ly =m$ = !    
purpose1 ! mode ( natural ,g>d5+1 j     
recomm5d$1 ought c]ta9ly to be employ$ 9
 pref]5ce to any o!r1 z x surpasses all 

o!rs 9 p]fection1 & is yet mo/ easily   
execut$3 b 9 or ne> great cities1 :]e   
prop]ty is mu* divid$1 on flats1 :]e    
nature has no play1 9 all tame          
situations2 ! ri*] & m artificial mann] 
( our ,g>d5+ is pref]able3 because x may
 conta9 mu* v>iety 9 a small compass1 & 
corrects ! natural defects ( ! gr\nd m  
spe$ily1 m effectually1 ) less *>ge ?an 
any o!r4  ,?is mann] is also prop]e/ =  
gr\nds t imm$iately surr\nd elegant     
/ructures1 :]e ord] & symmetry are      
absolutely necess>y2 & = _m little      
enclosures1 or re/+-places ( v>i\s k9ds1
 t mu/ always be disp]s$ 9 diff]5t p>ts 
( ext5sive plantations2 :]e nicety (    
dress1 & excessive decoration are 9 "*2 
& :]e !y may be conv5i5tly secur$ )     
/rong] f5ces1 to gu>d !m f public       
intrusion4  ,^! *oice pieces (          
cultivation are appropriat$ to ! own] & 
8 select fri5ds2 set aside = convivial  
pleasures1 & enjoym5ts t c only be ta/$ 
9 private3 !y may be consid]$ z m       
spaci\s ap>tm5ts1 z habitations adapt$  

to ! mild] seasons ( ! ye>1 9 :i* ,art &
 ,nature unite to furni% a v>iety (     
:atev] is beautiful1 elegant1           
extraord9>y or ent]ta9+2 :il/ ! l>g]    
improvem5ts are suit$ to ! m op5        
amusem5ts ( ! own]1 contriv$ ^u a bold] 
sy/em1 = a m di/ant & cursory           
inspection3 !y are a noble indication ( 
8 consequ5ce2 a b5evol5t1 z well z      
artful tribute to ! community2 :i*1 :il/
 x s]ves to multiply ! conv5i5cys1 or   
promote ! innoc5t amusem5ts ( ! public1 
secures ! popul>ity ( ! b5efactor1 &    
m>ks1 9 ! /ronge/ col\rs1 8 p[]1 weal? &
 munific5ce4 ,h[ ^! consid]ations op]ate
 9 ,engl&1 ,i1 :o am a /rang]1 _c       
det]m9e2 b 9 ! k+doms ( ! ,ea/ !y h     
great weight4  ,y\r connoisseurs w1 ,i  
"k1 object to our artificial sc5]y2 :i* 
!y consid] z unnatural1 & repres5t z too
 exp5sive = imitation4 ,on ! =m] ( ^!   
po9ts y h already he>d my s5tim5ts2 ,i  
ne$ n n[ repeat !m3 ^? :o are n yet     
conv9c$1 may /ill fe$ on crabs1 & leave 
ananas to bett] heads4  ,till my arrival

 9 ,engl&1 ,i nev] d\bt$ b ! appe>ance (
 art 0 admissible1 ev5 necess>y to !    
ess5ce ( a spl5did ,g>d53 & ,i am m     
firmly ( t op9ion1 aft] hav+ se5 y\r    
,engli% ,g>d5s2 ?\gh ! contr>y is s     
viol5tly ma9ta9$ by y\r c\ntrym51 9     
opposition to ! re/ ( ! _w1 to !        
practice ( all o!r poli%$ nations1 all  
enlight5$ ages2 &1 z f> z ,i am able to 
judge1 9 opposition to reason4 ,b y\r p 
delight 9 extremes2 &1 :5ev] !y get ^u a
 new sc5t1 pursue x ) su* rage1 t !y    
always ov]%oot ! b\nds4 ,we admire      
,nature z mu* z y d2 b be+ ( a m        
phlegmatick disposition1 our affections 
are some:at bett] regulat$3 we consid]  
h[ %e may be employ$1 ^u e occasion1 to 
mo/ advantage2 & d n always introduce h]
 9 ! same g>b2 b %[ h] 9 a v>iety ( =ms2
 sometimes nak$1 z y attempt to d2      
sometimes disguis$2 sometimes decorat$1 
or assi/$ by art2 scrupul\sly avoid+1 9 
our mo/ artless dispositions1 all       
resemblance to ! common face ( ! c\ntry1
 ) :i* ! ,g>d5 is imm$iately surr\nd$2  

be+ conv9c$1 t a removal f "o field to  
ano!r1 ( ! same appe>ance1 c nev] af=d  
any p>ticul> pleasure1 nor ev] excite   
p[]ful s5sations ( any k9d4  ,if ,i mu/ 
tell y my m9d freely1 ,g5tlem51 bo? y\r 
arti/s & connoisseurs seem to lay too   
mu* /ress on nature & simplicity2 !y are
 ! con/ant cry ( e half-witt$ dabbl]1 ! 
bur!n ( e song1 ! tune by :i* y are     
ins5sibly lull$ into dullness &         
insipidity4 ,if resemblance to nature 7 
! measure ( p]fection1 ! wax5 figures 9 
,fleet-/reet1 w\ld be sup]ior to all !  
works ( ! div9e ,buon>otti2 ! tr\ts &   
wood-cocks ( ,elm]1 pref]able to !      
c>toons ( ,raphael3 b1 believe me1 too  
mu* nature is (t5 z bad z too little1 z 
may be d$uc$ f _m examples1 obvi\s to e 
man conv]sant 9 polite k4 ,:atev] is    
famili>1 is by no means calculat$ to    
excite ! /ronge/ feel+s2 & ?\gh a close 
resemblance to famili> objects may      
delight ! ignorant1 yet1 to ! skilful1 x
 has b few *>ms1 nev] any ( ! mo/       
elevat$ sort2 & is sometimes ev5        

disgu/+3 )\t a little assi/ance f art1  
nature is seldom tol]able2 %e may be    
comp>$ to c]ta9 vi&s1 ei!r ta/eless1 or 
unpleasant 9 !mselves3 :i*1 nev]!less1 )
 "s season+1 become palatable2 or1 :5   
prop]ly prep>$1 compose a mo/ exquisite 
di%4  ,& ) respect to simplicity1 :]ev] 
m is admitt$ ?an may be requisite to    
con/itute gr&eur1 or necess>y to        
facilitate conception1 x is always a    
fault4 ,to ! human m9d1 "s ex]tion is   
always necess>y3 x mu/ be occupi$ to be 
pleas$2 & is m satisfi$ ) a treat1 ?an )
 a frugal repa/3 = ?\gh x do? n delight 
9 intricacies1 yet1 )\t a c]ta91 ev5 a  
consid]able degree ( complication1 no   
grateful s5sations c ev] be excit$4     
,excessive simplicity c only please !   
ignorant or weak1 ^: compreh5sions are  
sl[1 & ^: p[]s ( comb9ation are conf9$4 
,simplicity mu/ !re=e be us$ )          
discretion1 & ! dose be adapt$ to !     
con/itution ( ! pati5ts1 among/ savages 
& ,hott5tots2 :]e arts are unkn[n1      
ref9em5ts unhe>d (1 an abundant portion 

may be necess>y2 b :]ev] civilization   
has improv$ ! m5tal faculties1 a little1
 ) prop] managem5t1 w g a v great way3  
ne$ ,i prove :at ! music1 poetry1       
language1 arts & mann]s1 ( e nation     
demon/rate1 beyond ! possibility ( a    
d\bt4  ,ano!r fav\rite ^w ( y\r         
virtuosi1 is purity2 a ^w ( :i*1 be+ a  
/rang]1 ,i d n p]haps "k ! full value2  
nor exactly 9 :at s5se x is appli$ to ! 
art 9 "q4 ,we are told1 t 9 ! purity (  
,g>d5+1 y 7 nev] equall$ by any nation2 
ev5 t ?is boa/$ purity nev] appe>$ 9 any
 c\ntry b ,engl&3 x may be s2 y\r ,g>d5s
 h c]ta9ly be5 purg$ to ! quick1 fre$ ( 
e encumb]ance1 & cleans$ ( e extr9sick  
r$undancy2 s t no?+ n[ rema9s b ! g5u9e 
c>cass1 9 its native purity3 yet :e!r   
?is quality1 :i* ,i appreh5d is ! only  
"o t c positively be impli$1 is a       
p]fection or a blemi%1 w always be      
disput$2 = ?\gh pure w9e#bh is1 )\t     
d\bt1 a delici\s bev]age1 & pref]able to
 t :i* is mix$1 yet pure wat] is v      
insipid1 & may be mu* m5d$1 by !        

additions ( arrack1 lemon & sug>1 to    
turn x into pun*2 & n9ety-n9e p]sons 9 a
 hundr$ w ma9ta91 t y\r pure ,g>d5s     
might be mu* improv$ by ! addition (    
embelli%m5ts prop] to produce v>iety1 & 
set (f ! vegetation to advantage3 = v>y 
y\r trees & %rubs z mu* z possible1     
comb9e !m 9 e imag9able arrangem5t1 !y  
are /ill b trees & %rubs2 !y c impress b
 a v few images ^u ! m9d ( ! spectator1 
& only affect 8 s5ses ) v slight        
p]ceptions4  ,t our artificial /ile (   
,g>d5+ is exp5sive1 is d\btless true2   
yet c]ta9ly n ru9\sly s4 ,9 my =m]      
voyage1 ,i knew an un=tunate pr9ce1 :o1 
on a v mod]ate all[ance f 8 relations1  
support$ a c\rt 9 spl5d\r2 &1 ) !       
surplus1 =m$ "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y1 z  
well z magnific5t artificial ,g>d5s ,i  
ev] saw4 ,x is surpriz+ :at good        
managem5t w d1 :]e managem5t is         
necess>y2 b y are too ri* ev] to ne$ x 9
 any ?+4 ,i h se5 m money exp5d$ "h1 9  
digg+ an ugly pond1 ?an w\ld h compleat$
 a :ole ,g>d5 else:]e2 yet1 aft] all1 ! 

pond w\ld nev] hold wat]4 ,b1 to        
proce$--,y h all se5 :at ! ,fr5* h done 
at ,v]sailles1 ,m>li1 ,trianon1 ,sa9t   
,cl\d1 ,lianc\rt1 & ,*anilly2 !         
,italians ne> ,rome1 at ,tivoli1 at     
,frescati1 & 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ,italy3 ,i 
d n "h ent] into ! m]it ( ^! works2 b !y
 are c]ta9ly z co/ly1 p]haps m s1 ?an   
any ( ours2 yet ^! 7 done by =eign]s1 ( 
diff]5t d5om9ations2 all )\t ! lea/ help
 ( magick3 y are ri*] ?an !y2 y may1 )  
"s tr\ble1 acquire _! skill2 x is hop$ y
 h already m ?an _! _s3 be n1 !re=e1    
afraid to attempt1 :at !y h already long
 s9ce accompli%$4  ,i h =m]ly told y :at
 sort ( art we employ 9 our ,*9ese      
,g>d5+2 ,i n[ recomm5d x to y\r         
imitation2 & ?\gh 9 g5]al y\r ,european 
artificial mann] appe>s n to me p]fect1 
yet do? x conta9 _m ?+s highly des]v+   
notice1 :i* y h imprud5tly laid aside1  
)\t sub/itut+ any equival5t4  ,to       
in/ance ! ,g>d5s ( ,france2 !y are1 ,i w
 all[1 suffici5tly extravagant3 y he> ( 
no?+ b isl&s ( love1 or halls (         

fe/ivity2 e recess is ! retreat ( a     
,god1 e prospect a sc5e ( en*antm5t3 l  
_! petit maitres1 !y are all out (      
nature1 all affectation2 yet x is an    
affectation (t5 delightful1 & absurdity 
g5]ally ov]fl[+ ) ta/e & fancy3 9 _! be/
 works !re is su* a my/]i\s1 pleas+     
intricacy 9 ! disposition1 su* v>iety 9 
! objects1 s mu* spl5d\r & animation 9 !
 sc5]y1 & s mu* skill app>5t 9 !        
execution ( e "p1 t ! att5tion ( !      
spectator nev] flags2 ! succession is s 
rapid1 t he is hurri$ on f "o exhibition
 to ano!r1 ) 8 m9d con/antly ^u ! /ret*3
 he has only "t to be pleas$2 !re is no 
leisure to reflect1 none to be disgu/$ )
 ! extravagance ( :at he sees4 ,if _!   
,g>d5s are less rational ?an y\rs1 !y   
are c]ta9ly mu* m ent]ta9+2 & ?\gh1 ^u !
 :ole1 !y c by no means be propos$ z    
models = imitation1 yet are !re _m ?+s  
to be borr[$ f !m1 :i* might be adopt$  
by y ) consid]able advantage4  ,i may   
say ! same ) reg>d to ! ,italian ,g>d5s1
 ( :i* ! /yle is less affect$1 less     

extravagant ?an 9 ^? ( ,france3 ! heat (
 ! climate obliges ! inhabitants to seek
 = %ade2 ! walks are %elt]$1 !          
plantations close1 :5ce _! compositions 
h a gloom1 & an air ( solitude t are    
exce$+ly awful4 ,!re is a gr&eur ( mann]
 9 all _! works1 seldom to be met )     
else:]e2 :i*1 ab\t ,rome1 & 9 "s o!r    
p>ts ( ,italy1 is greatly height5$ by ! 
maje/ick face ( ,nature1 fram$ ^u a l>g]
 scale1 & brok5 into nobl] =ms1 ?an 9   
mo/ o!r c\ntries4 ,_! vegetation too is 
uncommonly picturesque2 ! abundance (   
wat] ) :i* !y are e :]e suppli$1 enables
 !m to =m a ?\s& pleas+ comb9ations2 & !
 v5]able ve/iges ( anci5t /ructures1 :i*
 re> _! decay+ heads above !            
plantations1 add surpriz+ly to ! dignity
 ( ! sc5]y4  ,at e /ep1 ! admiration ( !
 spectator is excit$ by /atues1 !rms1   
bas-reliefs1 s>cophagi urns1 vases1 &   
o!r rema9s ( anci5t spl5d\r2 or he is   
delight$ ) ! productions ( mod]n arti/s1
 +5i\sly imag9$1 well execut$1 &        
skilfully dispos$4 ,x is n easy to      

conceive any ?+ m ent]ta9+1 to a man (  
ta/e1 ?an an ,italian ,g>d52 9 :i*1     
amid/ a pr(usion ( pleas+ objects1 !    
same elegance ( *oice1 ! same elevation 
( /yle s conspicu\s 9 ! sculpture &     
pa9t+ ( ! great ,italian s*ools1 is e   
:]e preval5t4  ,to bran* out into f>!r  
descriptions ( y\r cont95tal ,g>d5s1 is 
p]haps sup]flu\s1 & may be ?\ght =eign  
to ! pres5t purpose2 z "s ( !m diff] v  
little f ^? j m5tion$2 & o!rs are too   
trifl+1 or imp]fect1 to des]ve any      
notice3 yet p]mit me1 be=e ,i f9i%1 to  
give a slight sket* ( ! ,dut* ,g>d5+2 f 
:i* ,i am apt to believe y\r ideas ( !  
artificial /yle are *iefly collect$1 &  
y\r extraord9>y av]sion to x pr9cipally 
ow+4  ,9 ,holl&1 p>t]res1 embroid]$ 9   
box1 brick-du/1 sea-coal1 & brok5       
porcela91 are e :]e admir$4 ,no ,g>d5 is
 p]fect1 t is n surr\nd$ ) a wet dit*1 &
 _m lu/h\ses hang+ ov] x1 = smok+       
tobacco2 nor is !re any elegance1 )\t "s
 tons ( lead1 trans=m$ into skat+       
,dut*m51 ,h>lequ9s1 & flut+             

,%eph]desses1 all ri*ly pa9t$1 9 prop]  
col\rs3 azure fl[]-pots1 ) gilt h&les1  
are se5 9 e corn]2 & gold5 m]cury are   
p]*$1 l birds1 ^u e p9nacle3 e pass is  
gu>d$ by pa/ebo>d ,gr5adi]s2 & ,fame1   
/raddl+ ov] ! entrance1 displays a ,dut*
 label to ! pass5g]1 tell+ ! "n &       
beauties ( ! place1 ! virtues & moral   
op9ions ( ! proprietor4 ,^!             
p>ticul>ities1 ) all ! =mal absurd p>ts 
( ! ,fr5* ,g>d5+1 make an ,ed5 9 ,holl&2
 a ?+ too ridicul\s to be out ( hum\r ) 
any :]e2 'tis a pity x has _h s s]i\s an
 effect ^u y4 ,y are a wise p2 yet1 9 ! 
re=mation ( ,g>d5+1 y h foll[$ ! beat5  
road ( ignorance3 to avoid "o fault1 y h
 run headlong into ano!r1 its opposite3 
because1 9 ! ,old ,g>d5+1 art1 ord] &   
v>iety1 7 c>ri$ to an extravagant       
excess1 y h1 9 ! ,new1 almo/ totally    
exclud$ !m all ?ree3 to m5d an exub]ant1
 fanta/ick dress1 y h /ripp$ />k nak$3  
&1 to heal a di/emp]$ limb1 y h1 l "s   
fam\s surgeons ( our day1 *opp$ x       
entirely (f4  ,all connoisseurs among/  

y1 & ev5 among/ u1 agree 9 despis+ our  
en*ant$1 or sup]natural sc5]y2 :i*1 !y  
say1 is trifl+1 absurd1 extravagant1    
ab\nd+ 9 conceits & boyi% tricks2 t     
op]at+ *iefly by surprize1 x has little 
or no effect1 aft] a fir/ or second     
inspection1 & consequ5tly c af=d no     
pleasure to ! own]3 yet our be/ ,arti/s1
 :o h no excessive rev]5ce = ! decrees (
 connoisseurs#bi1 & :o ?9k ! own] is n !
 only p]son to be ent]ta9$1 (t5         
introduce x2 ei!r :]e ! plan is         
ext5sive1 & admits ( _m *anges2 or1 :]e 
! gr\nd is b>r5 ( natural v>ieties3     
say+1 9 _! v9dication1 t x s]ves z an   
int]lude betwe5 m s]i\s expositions2 t1 
at a treat1 !re %\ld be meats = e       
palate2 9 a %op ( g5]al resort1 goods = 
e fancy2 9 a ,g>d51 design$ = publick   
inspection1 exhibitions ( e k9d2 t all  
may f9d some?+ to _! lik+1 & none g away
 disappo9t$ or dissatisfi$3 &1 z at a   
fea/1 m5 eat ( :at !y be/ reli%1 )\t    
mumbl+ ! re/ ( ! di%es1 b leave !m      
unta9t$ = o!rs to fe$ ^u1 s1 9 a ,g>d51 

if a man be too wise to laugh1 or be    
pleas$ ) trifles1 he may pass !m ov]    
unnotic$3 among/ ! multitude1 !re are _m
 fancies to gratify2 *ildr51 old wom51  
eunu*s1 & pleasure-misses1 ought to be  
div]t$1 z well z sages1 m&>9es1 or      
connoisseurs4 ,x is n e "o1 say !y1 t   
enjoys ! =ce or fi]c5ess ( gr&          
compositions2 to "s !y are ev5 t]rify+3 
weak m9ds delight 9 little objects1 :i* 
are easie/ adapt$ to _! conf9$          
compreh5sions2 z *ildr5 are bett] pleas$
 ) a puppet-%[1 ?an ) m s]i\s or noble  
p]=mances4  ,?us !y reason2 & say       
moreov]1 t1 z ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ?is     
sup]natural ,g>d5+ consi/s 9 a display (
 _m surpriz+ ph5om5a1 & extraord9>y     
effects1 produc$ by air1 fire1 wat]1    
motion1 light1 & gravitation1 !y may be 
consid]$ at a collection ( philosophical
 exp]im5ts1 exhibit$ 9 a bett] mann]1 ^u
 a l>g] scale1 & m =cibly ?an is common3
 9 t light !y ?9k1 ev5 m5 ( s5se may    
v5ture to look at !m1 )\t impea*m5t ( _!
 und]/&+2 to admire :at is +5i\s1 new or

 extraord9>y2 & />e at :at !y d n       
compreh5d4 ,:e!r ! connoisseurs or !    
arti/s are mo/ 9 ! wrong1 ,i w n decide2
 y1 ,g5tlem51 mu/ det]m9e = y\rselves4  
,"s free expressions1 relative to y\r   
,g>d5]s1 con/itute a heavy "p ( ! *>ge  
exhibit$ aga9/ me3 x seems !re=e        
necess>y1 9 alleviation ( ?is high      
(f5ce1 to decl>e1 t :atev] has be5 said 
on t subject1 0 ) an eye to ! g5]al "* (
 ! frat]nity2 & by no means levell$ at  
yon /ately g5tleman 9 ! black p]riwig1 z
 he has be5 pleas$ to ma9ta94 ,x c\ld n 
be my bus9ess to m>k out individuals1   
ei!r by excessive praise1 :i* 0 p]haps  
expect$1 or by m poignant c5sure3 su*   
conduct mu/ h be5 fawn+ 9 "o 9 in/ance1 
invidi\s 9 bo?2 = !re is no exalt+ "o   
phoenom5on1 )\t proportionably degrad+ !
 re/3 z 9 a draw-well1 "o bucket c nev] 
rise1 b :5 ! o!r s9ks4 ,if a man f>     
out/rips 8 bro!rs1 he w ( c\rse be      
di/+ui%$2 if only a little1 8 safe/     
/ation is 9 ! cr\d4 ,& really x is odd t
 any "o %\ld (fici\sly h /epp$ out ( !  

ranks1 insi/+1 l ma/] ,dogb]ry 9 ! play1
 ^u 8 exclusive title2 :]e no?+ p>tial 0
 ev5 di/antly h9t$ at1 no names m5tion$1
 nor any ?+ said1 t 0 n full z          
applicable to ! bro!rhood 9 g5]al1 z to 
! sagaci\s claimant 9 p>ticul>3 b       
,man lup jao kai     ,tai kup tao bai4  
,!re is reason to believe1 f v>i\s h9ts 
:i* h be5 dropp$ by ,g5tlem5 "h pres5t1 
t ! v]acity ( ,*et-qua's description is 
d\bt$2 nay1 t ! ,g>d5s describ$1 are    
suppos$ to h no exi/5ce b 9 ,*et-qua's  
bra93 be x s1 my fri5ds2 ,i %all n seek 
to refute :at y seem s /rongly dispos$  
to believe2 x is n at pres5t mat]ial3 = 
! end ( all t ,i h said1 0 r z an       
,arti/1 to set be=e y a new /yle (      
,g>d5+2 ?an z a ,travell]1 to relate :at
 ,i h really se53 &1 not)/&+ y\r        
/rictures1 y all seem$ satisfi$1 ev5    
ent]ta9$ ) ! description3 !re is no     
d\bt1 b ! reality1 l all o!r realities1 
w\ld affect y /ill m /rongly ?an !      
picture4 ,i h endeav\r$ to %ew1 h[ t may
 be obta9$3 ! re/ is left to ^? x mo/   

conc]ns2 ! +5i\s1 ! weal?y1 & ! great2  
:o h p[] & incl9ations to execute :at ,i
 attempt to plan3 my "p is done1 z f> z 
,i am able to d x2 !irs may beg9 :5 !y  
?9k fit4  ,& al?\gh !y may at fir/ be   
emb>rass$ 9 ! execution ( a sy/em s mu* 
m complicat$ & dep5dant on g5ius1 on    
skill1 & on nice judgem5t1 ?an t :i* has
 hi!rto be5 pursu$2 yet !re is no d\bt1 
b practice & p]sev]ance w1 by degrees1  
dispel e difficulty3 x is at lea/       
glori\s to haz>d ardu\s attempts2 & m   
hon\rable ev5 to fail 9 manly pursuits1 
?an to succe$ 9 trifl+1 *ildi%          
ent]prizes4 ,let ! timid or ! feeble    
meanly creep ^u ! e>?1 ) uni=m1 slugg>d 
pace2 b ! t[]+ _s mu/ attempt a nobl]   
flight1 & climb ! pa?s t lead to fame3  
n[ gayly sport+ on ! slipp]y surface1 z 
do? ! g5tle1 graceful liz>d2 n[ ?und]+  
up ! precipice1 ) ! trem5d\s dragon's   
/ride2 n[ so>+ to ! top1 /ately &       
spl5did z ! imp]ial bird2#cj :51 ) 8    
glitt]+ cre/ & twelve irradiant w+s1 he 
comes ^u ! morn+'s light1 :ile myriads (

 ! w>bl+ tribes1 at awful di/ance1 cr[d 
! vault$ air1 adore _! ,k+1 &1 ) l\d    
songs ( frantick joy1 %ake ! firm e>?1 &
 all yon />ry heav54  ,f ! :ole t5\r (  
?is ,disc\rse1 & inde$ f ! sub/ance ( ! 
fir/ ,diss]tation1 x is evid5t1         
,g5tlem51 t y\r s]vant ,*et-qua has no  
av]sion to natural ,g>d5+2 b is1 on !   
contr>y1 a zeal\s advocate 9 its fav\r1 
:]ev] !re is room to exp&1 & "w ^u a    
great scale1 or :]e x c conv5i5tly1 & ) 
propriety be introduc$4 ,! /yle :i* 9   
,engl& has be5 adopt$1 pref]able to     
o!rs1 is n :at appe>s to him            
repreh5sible2 b he lam5ts ! little use y
 h made ( y\r adoption1 & appreh5ds y\r 
p>tiality is too excessive1 :ile y      
ob/9ately refuse ! assi/ance ( almo/ e  
extrane\s embelli%m5t1 & p]si/ 9 an     
indiscrim9ate application ( ! same      
mann]1 ^u all occasions1 h[ev] opposite1
 or ill adapt$2 & (t5 :]e no probability
 ( success appe>s4 ,natural ,g>d5+1 :5  
treat$ ^u an ext5sive plan1 :5 employ$ )
 judgem5t1 & conduct$ ) art1 is p]haps z

 sup]ior to all o!r sorts ( culture1 z  
h]oick v]se is to e o!r species ( writ+2
 b !re are _m occasions1 :]e nei!r ! "o 
nor ! o!r c1 ) ! lea/ propriety1 be     
employ$2 :]e !y w\ld only s]ve to give a
 ridicule to ! :ole composition2 & :]e  
diff]5t or less elevat$ modes (         
expression are1 on all acc\nts1         
pref]able4 ,arti/s ( o!r pr(essions1 v>y
 _! mann]s ( apply+ to ! human          
affections2 suit+ !m to ! circum/ances  
or nature ( ! subjects be=e !m2 & !y are
 (t5e/ indebt$ to ^! v>iations = _!     
success2 :y !n %\ld ,g>d5]s always      
conf9e !mselves to ! same tract1 &      
torture all dispositions to adapt !m to 
! same me?od1 l t tyrant ( old1 :o      
/ret*$ or mutilat$ e gue/1 till he fitt$
 a p>ticul> b$8 ,c !y hope to succe$ by 
means1 :i* o!rs h f\nd ineffectual2 or  
is x reasonable to suppose1 t ,nature w 
*ange h] c\rse to please _! fancy8      
,v>iety is a p[]ful ag5t1 )\t !         
assi/ance ( :i*1 little c be effect$2 x 
captivates ev5 ) trifles2 &1 :5 unit$ to

 p]fection1 has *>ms :i* no?+ c resi/3 !
 mo/ exquisite pictures ( nature1       
receive additional beauties f a judici\s
 opposition ( art2 & ! conf9$1 uni=m1   
ta/eless walk ( imitation1 :i* y h      
un=tunately fall5 into1 mu/ h _m helps  
to make x ev5 tol]able2 a ?\s& enliv5+  
additions1 to animate its native        
dulness4  ,?us ,i h consid]$ e "p ( my  
fir/ ,disc\rse1 & (f]$ 9 its v9dication1
 :at imm$iately occurs to me3 p]haps1 ) 
m leisure1 ,i might h contriv$ a bett]  
,spee*1 & a /rong] ,def5ce2 b ! hurry ( 
,face-mak+#ca is su*1 t !re is sc>cely  
"t to eat rice1 or dr9k br&y1#cb mu*    
less to ?9k3 ,i nev] frequ5t my wives b 
by night2 ,i h only he>d "o ( !m scold1 
& se5 ! o!rs by twilight1 ^! six mon?s3 
judge !n1 :at c be expect$ f ,*et-qua2 !
 little k he has1 or ?9ks he has1 is    
freely communicat$ to 8 neighb\rs2 he   
wi%es x 7 m & bett]2 yet su* z x is1 he 
flatt]s himself x w be k9dly receiv$2 & 
t 8 neighb\rs w use :at may be useful1  
)\t kick+ too viol5tly at ! re/4        

,,f9is4     ,,footnotes3   #bj          
,quang-*ew-fu--,canton4 ,= %e 0 a       
virago1 & _h l>ge feet--,bo? :i* are    
acc\nt$ great defects 9 ,*9a4 ,n9e      
:isk]s1 c4--,all beaus we> :isk]s 9     
,*9a2 & all g5tlem5 long nails1 to %ew t
 !y are idle4 ,kyang-n+1 or             
,nang-k+--,capital ( ,kyang-nang4       
,%un-ti5-fu--,pek+4  #ba ,tan l\ ty t*an
 yue1 c4--,! motto :i* ,*et-qua has made
 *oice (1 is "p ( a poem writt5 by      
,ki5-long1 reign+ emp]or ( ,*9a1 9      
praise ( dr9k+ tea3 & publi%$1 by 8     
imp]ial edict1 be>+ date ! twelf? day1 (
 ! n9? moon1 ( ! ?irte5? ye> ( 8 reign2 
9 ?irty-two diff]5t types1 or *>act]s2  
"u ! inspection ( ,yun-l\1 & ,h\ng-y51  
pr9ces1 by ! title ( ,ts9-ouang2 ,f\h5g1
 gr&ee1 by ! title ( ,taypao2 ,c\nt1 by 
! title ( ,valiant2 & fir/ presid5t (   
almo/ all ! great tribunals ( ! empire3 
^: deputies 7 ,akd\n & ,ts+-p\1 gr&ees1 
by ! title ( ,tay-tsee ,*aopao2 & ^! 7  
aga9 assi/$ by ,isan1 ,f\ki1 ,elgu+ue1  
,tet*i1 ,m+te1 ,ts\ngm91 ,t*angyu1      

,t\nm91 & ab\t a doz5 o!r m&>9es ( rank 
& reputation2 s t !re is no d\bt b ! "w 
is p]fectly correct4 ,"h foll[s ! exact 
copy ( x1 ) an ,engli% translation1 = ! 
ent]ta9m5t & in/ruction ( ! curi\s 9    
poetry4 ,!re is a ,fr5* translation ( ! 
same "w1 by ,fa!r ,amiot1 publi%$ at    
,p>is1 9 #aggj1 f :i* ! pres5t          
,publication is 9 a great measure tak52 
! ,editor hav+ f\nd x easi] to translate
 f ! ,fr5* copy1 ?an f ! ,*9ese orig9al4
      ,mei-hoa *e p\ yao     ,fo-*e\    
hiang tsie kie1     ,s\ng-*e ouei fang  
ny2     ,san p9 t*\ ts+ kue2     ,pong y
 t*e kio tang1     ,ou t*e t*5g koang   
hiue     ,h\o he\ pi5 yu hie1     ,t+ y5
 y *5g mie4      ,yue ngue\ po si5 j\1  
,tan l\ ty t*an yue1     ,ou yun k+ tai 
pan     ,ko ou1 p\ ko *\e4     ,f\ f\   
te\ lo ty     ,ho ho yun kiang t*e      
,ou-tsu5 y ko tsan     ,l9-f\ *ang *e   
pie4      ,lan ku ,t*ao-t*e\ ngan       
,po siao ,yu-t*\an kiu     ,han siao t+ 
s+ le\     ,k\ yue kan hiu5 tsue1       
,joan pao t*5 ki yu     ,tsiao k+ s+ ou 

kie1     ,ki5-long p+-yn     ,siao1 t*un
 yu ty4  ,,translation  ,! col\rs ( !   
,mei hoa are nev] brilliant1 yet is !   
fl[] always pleas+3 9 fragrance or      
neatness ! fo-*e\ has no equal3 ! fruit 
( ! p9e is aromatick1 its od\r invit+4  
,9 gratify+ at once ! sight1 ! smell & !
 ta/e1 no?+ exce$s ^! ?ree ?+s3 & if1 at
 ! same "t1 y put1 ^u a g5tle fire1 an  
old pot1 ) ?ree legs1 gr[n black &      
batt]$ ) l5g? ( s]vice1 aft] hav+ fir/  
fill$ x ) ! limpid wat] ( melt$ sn[2 &  
if1 :5 ! wat] is heat$ to a degree t w  
boil a fi%1 or r$d5 a lob/]1 y p\r x    
directly into a cup made ( ! e>? ( yue1 
^u ! t5d] leaves ( sup]f9e tea2 & if y  
let x re/ !re1 till ! vap\rs :i* rises  
at fir/ 9 great abundance1 =m+ ?ick     
cl\ds1 dissipate by degrees1 & at la/   
appe> m]ely z a slight mi/ ^u ! surface2
 & if !n y g5tly sip ?is delici\s       
bev]age1 x is lab\r+ effectually to     
remove ! five causes ( discont5t :i*    
usually di/urb our quiet3 y may feel1 y 
may ta/e1 b x is impossible to describe 

! sweet tranquillity :i* a liquor1 ?us  
prep>$1 procures4  ,retir$1 = "s space (
 "t1 f ! tumults ( bus9ess1 ,i sit alone
 9 my t5t1 at lib]ty to enjoy myself    
unmole/$3 9 "o h& hold+ a fo-*e\1 :i* ,i
 br+ ne>] to my nose1 or put x f>!r (f1 
at pleasure2 9 ! o!r h& hold+ my di% (  
tea1 ^u :i* "s pretty curl+ vap\rs /ill 
appe>3 ,i ta/e1 by int]vals ! liquor2 by
 int]vals1 ,i consid] ! mei-hoa--,i give
 a fillip to my imag9ation1 & my ?\ghts 
are naturally turn$ t[>ds ! sages (     
antiquity4--,i figure to myself ! fam\s 
,ou-tsu51 ^: only n\ri%m5t 0 ! fruit ( !
 p9e2 he enjoy$ himself 9 quiet1 amid/  
?is rigid frugality6 ,i envy1 & wi% to  
imitate him4--,i put a few ( ! k]nels   
into my m\?2 ,i f9d !m delici\s4        
,sometimes1 me?9ks1 ,i see ! virtu\s    
,l9-f\1 b5d+ into =m1 ) 8 own h&s1 !    
bran*es ( ! mei-hoa-*\4 ,x 0 ?us1 say ,i
 to myself1 t he reliev$ 8 m9d1 aft] !  
fatigues ( pr(\nd m$itation1 on ! mo/   
int]e/+ subjects4 ,!n ,i take a look at 
my %rub1 & x seems z if ,i 7 assi/+     

,l9-f\1 9 b5d+ its bran*es into a new   
=m4--,i skip f ,l9-f\ to ,t*ao-t*eon1 or
 to ,yu-t*\an2 & see ! fir/ 9 ! middle (
 a va/ _m tea-cups1 fill$ ) all k9ds (  
tea1 ( :i* he sometimes ta/es "o1       
sometimes ano!r2 ?us v>y+ incessantly 8 
potation3 :ile ! second dr9ks1 ) !      
pr(\nde/ indiff]5ce1 ! be/ tea1 &       
sc>cely di/+ui%es x f ! vile/ /uff4--,my
 ta/e is n _!'s2 :y %\ld ,i attempt to  
imitate !m8----  ,b ,i he> ! s\nd ( !   
ev5+ bell2 ! fre%ness ( ! night is      
augm5t$2 already ! rays ( ! moon /rike  
?r\gh ! w9d[s ( my t5t1 & ) _! lu/re    
bright5 ! few moveables ) :i* x is      
adorn$4 ,i f9d myself nei!r uneasy nor  
fatigu$2 my /oma* is empty1 & ,i may1   
)\t fe>1 g to re/4----,x is ?us t1 ) my 
poor abilities1 ,i h made ^! v]ses1 9 ! 
little spr+ ( ! t5? moon ( ! ye> ,p+-yn1
 ( my reign ,ki5-long4  #bb ,fo-hii1    
,%+-tong1 or ,:oang-tii--,"s ( ! fir/   
emp]ors ( ,*9a2 :o inv5t$ ! eight qua's1
 toge!r ) ! kay-tse1 & creat$ colsus4   
#bc ,an em95ce 9 ! c5t]--,mean+ ,w9dsor1

 probably4  #bd ,tse-hiu &              
,*ang-l9--,two celebrat$ p>ks1 :i*      
belong$ to ! emp]ors ( ! ,ty4  #be      
,yv5-m+-yv51 & ,t*ang-t*un-yv5--,are    
,g>d5s ne> ,pe-k+1 belong+ to ! pres5t  
,emp]ors ( ,*9a4  #bf ,joss--,a         
corruption ( ,dios1 ,god4  #bg ,miao    
kao1 etc4--,mutt]+ expressions f        
,hoang-f\-tse1 or ,confucius4  #bh ,=   
?\gh pure w9e1 etc4--,x is rem>kable1 t 
our ,orator draws mo/ ( 8 similes &     
allusions ei!r f ! kit*5 or ! cell>2    
:e!r ?is p>ticul>ity proce$$ f any skill
 ( 8 9 ! cul5>y art1 f 8 affection =    
good liv+1 or f any o!r hidd5 motive2 or
 :e!r x 0 m]ely accid5tal1 ! ,editor    
nev] c\ld le>n ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4  
#bi ,9 ,*9a !y h an innum]able multitude
 ( connoisseurs & criticks2 :o1 ) a v   
sup]ficial k1 a few g5]al maxims1 & "s  
h>d words1 boldly decide on subjects !y 
d n und]/&3 h5ce ! :ole frat]nity is    
fall5 into disrepute4 ,!y h1 inde$1 l u1
 "s real connoisseurs among/ !m2 b ^!   
are v r>e 9 ,*9a4  #cj ,! imp]ial bird1 

or f\ng hoang1 is a fabul\s be+1 ( !    
nature ( ! phoenix1 by ! ,*9ese poets1  
acc\nt$ ! emp]or ( birds1 z ! dragon is 
( all ! scaly tribe3 he is said nev] to 
appe>1 b 9 great pomp1 att5d$ by a      
num]\s tra9 ( all ! mo/ brilliant &     
extraord9>y ( ! volatile race4  #ca     
,hurry ( face-mak+--,! ,*9ese call      
portrait pa9t+1 or modell+ portraits 9  
col\r$ clay1 :i* 0 ,*et-qua's p>ticul>  
pr(ession1 face-mak+4  #cb ,eat rice or 
dr9k br&y--,! ,*9ese call d9+1 eat+     
rice2 & _! common liquors1 at meals1 are
 spirits1 ( v>i\s sorts4  4444          
,transcrib]'s note3  ,9 ?is etext !     
indicates sup]script4 4444