file :i* includes ! num]\s orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #cigdi-;h4htm or #cigdi-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #cigdi_/pg#cigdi-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cigd i_/cigdi-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/pr9ciples( deco#jj;dres ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,illu/ration3 ,decorative ,design ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,decorative ,design4 by ,,*ri/oph] ,,dress]1 ,,ph4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,e4,b4,s41 ,,etc42 ,au?or ( ,! ,art ( ,decorative ,design1 ,unity 9 ,v>iety1 etc4 ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,cassell1 ,pett]1 ,galp9 ,co43 ,london1 ,p>is ,new ,york4 ,,preface4 ,my object 9 writ+ ?is "w has be5 t ( aid+ 9 ! art-education ( ^? :o seek a k ( ornam5t z appli$ to our indu/rial manufactures4 ,i h n attempt$ ! production ( a pretty book1 b h aim$ at giv+ :at k ,i possess ^u ! subjects treat$ (1 9 a simple & intelligible mann]4 ,i h attempt$ simply to in/ruct4 ,! sub/ance ( ! pres5t "w 0 fir/ publi%$ z a s]ies ( lessons 9 ! ,te*nical ,educator4 ,^! lessons are n[ collect$ into a "w1 & h be5 c>efully revis$2 a few new illu/rations h be5 ins]t$1 & a f9al *apt] add$4 ,z ! sub/ance ( ?is "w 0 writt5 z a s]ies ( lessons = ! ,te*nical ,educator1 ,i ne$ n say t ! book is address$ to work+ m51 = ! :ole ( ! lessons 9 t publication h be5 prep>$ especially = ^? noble fell[s :o1 ?r\gh want ( e>ly opportunity1 h be5 )\t ! advantages ( education1 b :o h ! praisewor?y c\rage to educate !mselves 9 lat] life1 :5 ! value ( k has become app>5t to !m4 ,t ! lessons z giv5 9 ! ,te*nical ,educator h n be5 writt5 :olly 9 va9 ,i already "k1 = %ortly be=e ,i _h complet$ ?is revision ( !m1 ,i _h ! opportunity ( visit+ a prov9cial t[n hall :i* ,i _h he>d 0 be+ decorat$1 & 0 pleas+ly surpris$ to see decoration ( consid]able m]it1 & evid5ces t mu* ( :at ,i saw _h result$ f a consid]ation ( my articles 9 ! ,te*nical ,educator4 ,! arti/ engag$ ^u ! "w1 al?\gh hav+ suff]$ ! disadvantage ( appr5tice%ip to a but*]1 has e/abli%$ himself z a decorator :ile /ill a "y man2 & f ! manife/ation ( ability :i* he has already giv51 ,i hope = a bright] future = "o :o1 z a work+ man1 mu/ h /udi$ h>d4 ,if ^! lessons z n[ collect$ into a "w %\ld lead to ! developm5t ( ! art-g]ms :i* d\btless lie dormant 9 o!r work+ m51 ! object :i* ,i h s\ght to atta9 9 writ+ & collect+ ^! toge!r w h be5 accompli%$4 ,,t[] ,,cressy1 ,,nott+ ,,hill1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,introductory ,,division ,i4 ,,art-,,k2 ,,hi/oric ,,/yles ,,ii4 ,,tru?1 ,,beauty1 ,,p[]1 ,,etc4 ,,iii4 ,,hum\r ,,9 ,,ornam5t ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,col\r ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,furniture ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,decoration ,,( ,,build+s ,,division ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations--,,ceil+s ,,ii4 ,,decorations ,,( ,,walls ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,c>pets ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,curta9 ,,mat]ials1 ,,hang+s1 ,,& ,,wov5 ,,fabrics ,,g5]ally ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,holl[ ,,vessels ,,division ,i4 ,,pott]y ,,ii4 ,,glass ,,vessels ,,iii4 ,,metal-,,"w ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,h>dw>e ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,conclusion ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,design4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,division ,i4 ,!re are _m h&icrafts 9 :i* a k ( ! true pr9ciples ( ornam5tation is almo/ ess5tial to success1 & !re are few 9 :i* a k ( decorative laws _c be utilis$4 ,! man :o c =m a b[l or a vase well is an arti/1 & s is ! man :o c make a beautiful *air or table4 ,^! are tru?s2 b ! conv]se ( ^! facts is also true2 = if a man be n an arti/ he _c =m an elegant b[l1 nor make a beautiful *air4 ,at ! v outset we mu/ recognise ! fact t ! beautiful has a comm]cial or money value4 ,we may ev5 say t art c l5d to an object a value great] ?an t ( ! mat]ial ( :i* x consi/s1 ev5 :5 ! object be =m$ ( preci\s matt]1 z ( r>e m>bles1 sc>ce woods1 or silv] or gold4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x foll[s t ! workman :o c end[ 8 productions ) ^? qualities or beauties :i* give value to 8 works1 mu/ be m useful to 8 employ] ?an ! man :o produces objects devoid ( su* beauty1 & 8 "t mu/ be ( high] value ?an t ( 8 less skilful companion4 ,if a man1 :o has be5 born & br\ght up z a son ( toil1 has t laudable ambition :i* causes him to seek to rise above 8 fell[s by fairly becom+ _! sup]ior1 ,i w\ld say to him t ,i "k ( no means ( 8 s readily do+ s1 z by 8 acqua9t+ himself ) ! laws ( beauty1 & /udy+ till he le>ns to p]ceive ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! beautiful & ! ugly1 ! graceful & ! de=m$1 ! ref9$ & ! co>se4 ,to p]ceive delicate beauties is n by any means an easy task to ^? :o h n devot$ !mselves to ! consid]ation ( ! beautiful = a long p]iod ( "t1 & ( ?is be assur$1 t :at n[ appe>s to y to be beautiful1 y may %ortly reg>d z less s1 & :at n[ fails to attract y1 may ultimately become *>m+ to y\r eye4 ,9 y\r /udy ( ! beautiful1 d n be l$ away by ! false judgm5t ( ignorant p]sons :o may suppose !mselves possess$ ( good ta/e4 ,x is common to assume t wom5 h bett] ta/e ?an m51 & "s wom5 seem to consid] !mselves ! possessors ( ev5 au?oritative ta/e f :i* !re c be no appeal4 ,!y may be "r1 only we mu/ be p>don$ = n accept+ su* au?ority1 = %\ld !re be any ov]-e/imation ( ! accuracy ( ?is good ta/e1 s]i\s loss ( progress 9 art-judgm5t might result4 ,x may be tak5 z an inv>iable tru? t k1 & k alone1 c enable u to =m an accurate judgm5t respect+ ! beauty or want ( beauty ( an object1 & he :o has ! great] k ( art c judge be/ ( ! ornam5tal qualities ( an object4 ,he :o w\ld judge rightly ( art-works mu/ h k4 ,let him :o w\ld judge ( beauty apply himself1 !n1 to e>ne/ /udy1 = !reby he %all h wisdom1 & by 8 wise reason+s he w be l$ to p]ceive beauty1 & ?us h op5$ to him a new s\rce ( pleasure4 ,art-k is ( value to ! individual & to ! c\ntry at l>ge4 ,to ! individual x is ri*es & weal?1 & to ! nation x saves impov]i%m5t4 ,take1 = example1 clay z a natural mat]ial3 9 ! h&s ( "o man ?is mat]ial becomes fl[]-pots1 wor? eighte5-p5ce a ca/ 7a numb] v>y+ f sixty to twelve accord+ to size72 9 ! h&s ( ano!r x becomes a tazza1 or a vase1 wor? five p\nds1 or p]haps fifty4 ,x is ! art :i* gives ! value1 & n ! mat]ial4 ,to ! nation x saves impov]i%m5t4 ,a wise policy induces a c\ntry to draw to itself all ! weal? t x c1 )\t p>t+ ) m ( its natural mat]ial ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,if = e p\nd ( clay t a nation p>ts )1 x c draw to itself t am\nt ( gold :i* we value at five p\nds /]l+1 x is obvi\sly bett] ?us to "p ) b little mat]ial & yet secure weal?1 ?an x is to "p ) ! mat]ial at a l[ rate ei!r 9 its native condition1 or work$ into co>se vessels1 !reby r5d]+ a great impov]i%m5t ( ! native res\rces ( ! c\ntry necess>y 9 ord] to its weal?4 ,m5 ( ! l[e/ degree ( intellig5ce c dig clay1 iron1 or copp]1 or qu>ry /one2 b ^! mat]ials1 if be>+ ! impress ( m9d1 are ennobl$ & r5d]$ valuable1 & ! m /rongly ! mat]ial is m>k$ ) ?is ennobl+ impress ! m valuable x becomes4 ,i mu/ qualify my la/ /atem5t1 = !re are possible cases 9 :i* ! impress ( m9d may degrade r ?an exalt1 & take f r ?an enhance1 ! value ( a mat]ial4 ,to ennoble1 ! m9d mu/ be noble2 if debas$1 x c only debase4 ,let ! m9d be ref9$ & pure1 & ! m fully x impresses itself ^u a mat]ial1 ! m lovely does ! mat]ial become1 = !reby x has receiv$ ! impress ( ref9em5t & purity2 b if ! m9d be debas$ & impure1 ! m does ! matt] to :i* its nature is transmitt$ become degrad$4 ,let me h a simple mass ( clay z a c&le-hold] r ?an ! e>!n c&le/ick :i* only pres5ts su* a =m z is ! natural outgo+ ( a degrad$ m9d4 ,!re is ano!r reason :y ! mat]ial ( :i* beautiful objects are =m$ %\ld be ( little intr9sic value besides t aris+ out ( a consid]ation ( ! exhau/ion ( ! c\ntry1 & ?is w lead u to see t x is desirable 9 all cases to =m beautiful objects z f> z possible ( an inexp5sive mat]ial4 ,clay1 wood1 iron1 /one1 are mat]ials :i* may be fa%ion$ into beautiful =ms1 b bew>e ( silv]1 & ( gold1 & ( preci\s /ones4 ,! mo/ fragile mat]ial (t5 endures = a long p]iod ( "t1 :ile ! almo/ incorrosible silv] & gold r>ely escape ! ru?less h& ( ! de/roy]4 ,beautiful ?\gh gold & silv] are1 & wor?y1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 ! commone/ ( ?+s1 to be fa%ion$ into ! mo/ exquisite devices1 _! money value makes !m a p]il\s mat]ial = works ( art4 ,h[ _m ( ! *oice/ relics ( antiquity are lo/ to u1 because !y tempt$ ! ?ief to /eal !m1 & !n to hide 8 !ft by melt+ !m6 ,h[ _m unique designs 9 gold & silv] h ! vicissitudes ( w> r$uc$ 9 fi]ce ha/e into money-*ang]s' nuggets6 ,:]e are ,b5v5uto ,cell9i's vases1 ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti's cups1 or ! silv] lamps ( ,ghirl&ajo8 ,gone almo/ z completely z ,a>on's gold5 pot ( manna1 ( :i*1 = ano!r reason ?an t :i* kept ,/4 ,paul sil5t1 'we _c n[ speak p>ticul>ly4' ,nor is x only because ?is is a _w ':]e ?ieves break ?r\gh & /eal' t ! f9e gold becomes dim & ! silv] p]i%es4 ,?is1 too1 is a _w :]e 'love is /rong z dea?2' & :at has n love--love ( family1 love ( bro!r1 love ( *ild1 love ( lov]--prompt$ man & woman to d ) ! co/lie/ ?+s1 :5 !y c\ld be ex*ang$ z m]e bullion = ! lives ( ^? :o 7 belov$8#a ,workm56 x is =tunate = u t ! be/ vehicles = art are ! lea/ co/ly mat]ials4 #a ,f a lecture by ! late ,pr(essor ,george ,wilson1 ( ,ed9burgh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ made ^! g5]al rem>ks1 ,i may expla9 to my read]s :at ,i am ab\t to attempt 9 ! little "w :i* ,i h n[ comm5c$4 ,my prim>y aim w be to br+ ab\t ref9em5t ( m9d 9 all :o may accompany me ?r\gh my /udies1 s t !y may individually be enabl$ to judge correctly ( ! nature ( any decorat$ object1 & enjoy its beauties--%\ld x pres5t any--& detect its faults1 if su* be pres5t4 ,?is ref9em5t ,i %all attempt to br+ ab\t by pres5t+ to ! m9d consid]ations :i* x mu/ dige/ & assimilate1 s t its new =mations1 if ,i may ?us speak1 may be ( k4 ,we %all c>efully consid] c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples1 :i* are ei!r common to all f9e arts or gov]n ! production or arrangem5t ( ornam5tal =ms3 !n we %all notice ! laws :i* regulate ! comb9ation ( col\rs1 & ! application ( col\rs to objects2 aft] :i* we %all review our v>i\s art-manufactures1 & consid] art z associat$ ) ! manufactur+ indu/ries4 ,we %all ?us be l$ to consid] furniture1 e>!nw>e1 table & w9d[ glass1 wall decorations1 c>pets1 floor clo?s1 w9d[-hang+s1 dress fabrics1 works 9 silv] & gold1 h>dw>e1 & :atev] is a comb9ation ( art & manufacture4 ,i %all address myself1 !n1 to ! c>p5t]1 ! cab9et-mak]1 pott]1 glass-bl[]1 pap]-/a9]1 weav] & dy]1 silv]smi?1 blacksmi?1 gas-f9i%]1 design]1 & all :o are 9 any way engag$ 9 ! production ( art-objects4 ,b be=e we comm5ce our regul> "w1 let me say t )\t labori\s /udy no satisfactory progress c be made4 ,lab\r is ! means :]eby we raise ourselves above our fell[s2 lab\r is ! means by :i* we arrive at afflu5ce4 ,?9k n t !re is a royal road to success--! road is ?r\gh toil4 ,deceive n y\rself ) ! idea t y 7 born a g5ius--t y 7 born an arti/4 ,if y are end[$ ) a love = art1 rememb] t x is by lab\r alone t y c get su* k z w enable y to pres5t y\r art-ideas 9 a mann] acceptable to ref9$ & educat$ p4 ,be cont5t1 !n1 to lab\r4 ,9 ! case ( an individual1 success appe>s to me to dep5d ^u ! "t :i* he devotes to ! /udy ( t :i* he desires to ma/]4 ,"o man works six h\rs a day2 ano!r works eighte54 ,"o has ?ree days 9 "o2 & :at is ! natural result8 ,simply ?is--t ! "o :o works ! eighte5 h\rs progresses ) ?ree times ! rapidity ( ! "o :o only works six h\rs4 ,x is true t individuals diff] 9 m5tal capacity1 b my exp]i5ce has l$ me to believe t ^? :o "w ! h>de/ almo/ inv>iably succe$ ! be/4 ,:ile ,i write1 ,i h 9 my m9d's eye "o or two on :om ,nature appe>$ to h lavi%ly be/[$ art-gifts2 yet ^! h made b little progress 9 life4 ,i see1 z x 71 be=e me o!rs :o 7 less gift$ by ,nature1 b :o indu/ri\sly p]sev]$ 9 _! /udies1 & 7 cont5t to lab\r = success2 & ^! h a*iev$ positions :i* ! natural g5ius has fail$ ev5 to approa*4 ,workm56 ,i am a work]1 & a believ] 9 ! efficacy ( "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we w comm5ce our sy/ematic c\rse by obs]v+ t good ornam5t--good decorations ( any "*1 h qualities :i* appeal to ! educat$1 b are sil5t to ! ignorant1 & t ^! qualities make utt]ance ( int]e/+ facts2 b be=e we c rightly und]/& :at ,i may t]m ! hidd5 utt]ance ( ornam5t1 we mu/ inquire into ! g5]al revelation :i* ! ornam5t ( any p>ticul> p1 or ( any hi/oric age1 makes to u1 & also ! utt]ances ( individual =ms4 ,z an illu/ration ( my mean+1 let u take ! ornam5t produc$ by ! ,egyptians4 ,9 ord] to see ?is x may be necess>y t we visit a museum--say ! ,briti% ,museum--:]e we se>* out ! mummy-cases2 b z mo/ prov9cial museums boa/ "o or m mummy-cases1 we are almo/ c]ta9 to f9d 9 ! lead+ c\ntry t[ns illu/rations t w s]ve our pres5t purpose4 ,on a mummy-case y may f9d a s+ul> ornam5t1 :i* is a conv5tional draw+ ( ! ,egyptian lotus1 or blue wat]-lily#b 7see ,figs4 #a1 #b1 #c71 & 9 all probability y w f9d ?is ornam5tal device repeat$ ov] & ov] aga9 on ! "o mummy-case4 ,notice ?is peculi>ity ( ! draw+ ( ! lotus--a peculi>ity common to ,egyptian ornam5ts--t !re is a sev]ity1 a rigidity ( l9e1 a sort ( /]nness ab\t x4 ,?is rigidity or sev]ity ( draw+ is a great peculi>ity or *>act]i/ic ( ,egyptian draw+4 ,b m>k6 ) ?is sev]ity !re is always c\pl$ an am\nt ( dignity1 & 9 "s cases ?is dignity is v app>5t4 ,l5g? ( l9e1 firmness ( draw+1 sev]ity ( =m1 & subtlety ( curve are ! great *>act]i/ics ( ,egyptian ornam5tation4 #b ,?is c be se5 gr[+ 9 ! wat]-tanks 9 ! ,kew ,g>d5s cons]vatories1 & 9 ! ,cry/al ,palace at ,syd5ham4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,:at does all ?is express8 ,x expresses ! "* ( ! p :o creat$ ! ornam5ts4 ,! ornam5ts ( ! anci5t ,egyptians 7 all ord]$ by ! prie/hood1 among/ :om ! le>n+ ( ?is p 0 /or$4 ,! prie/s 7 ! dictators to ! p n only ( religion1 b ( ! =ms :i* _! ornam5ts 7 to assume4 ,m>k1 !n1 ! expression ( ! sev]ity ( "* & dignifi$ be>+ ( ! prie/hood3 9 ! v draw+ ( a simple fl[] we h pres5t$ to u ! "* ( ! m5 :o br\ght ab\t its production4 ,b ?is is only :at we are 9 ! con/ant habit ( witness+4 ,a man ( k writes ) p[] & =ce2 :ile ! man ( wav]+ op9ions writes timidly & ) feebl5ess4 ,! =ce ( ! "o "* 7:i* "* has be5 made =cible by k7 & ! weakness ( ! o!r is manife/$ by 8 writt5 words4 ,s x is ) ornam5ts3 p[] or feebl5ess ( "* is manife/ by ! =ms produc$4 ,! ,egyptians 7 a sev]e p2 !y 7 h>d task-ma/]s4 ,:5 a great "w _h to be p]=m$1 a numb] ( slaves 7 select$ = ! "w1 & a portion ( food allott$ to ea*1 :i* 0 to la/ till ! "w 0 complet$2 & if ! "w 0 n f9i%$ :5 ! food 0 consum$1 ! slaves p]i%$4 ,we d n wond] at ! sev]ity ( ,egyptian draw+4 ,b ! ,egyptians 7 a noble p--noble 9 k ( ! arts1 noble 9 ! erection ( va/ & massive build+s1 noble 9 ! greatness ( _! p[]4 ,h5ce we h nobility ( draw+--p[] & dignity m+l$ ) sev]ity 9 e ornam5tal =m :i* !y produc$4 ,we h ?us notic$ ! g5]al utt]ance or expression ( ,egyptian draw+2 b :at specific communication does ?is p>ticul> lotus make8 ,mo/ ( ! ornam5ts ( ! ,egyptians--:e!r ! adornm5ts ( s>cophagi1 ( wat]-vessels1 or m]e *>ms to be worn p5d5t f ! neck--7 symbols ( "s tru? or dogma inculcat$ by ! prie/s4 ,h5ce ,egyptian ornam5t is said to be symbolic4 ,! f]tility ( ! ,nile valley 0 *iefly due to ! riv] annually ov]fl[+ its banks4 ,9 spread+ ov] ! l&1 ! wat] c>ri$ ) x a quantity ( ri* alluvial e>?1 :i* gave fecundity to ! c\ntry on :i* x 0 deposit$4 ,:5 ! wat] :i* _h ov]spread ! surr\nd+ l& _h ne>ly subsid$1 ! corn :i* 0 to produce ! h>ve/ 0 set by be+ ca/ ^u ! retir+ wat]1 ?r\gh :i* x sank into ! ri* alluvial e>?4 ,! wat] be+ n[ well-nigh )9 ! riv]-banks1 ! fir/ fl[] t sprang up 0 ! lotus4 ,?is fl[] 0 to ! ,egyptians ! h>b+] ( com+ pl5ty1 = x symbolis$ ! spr++ =? ( ! :eat4 ,x 0 ! fir/ fl[] ( spr+1 or _! primrose 7fir/ rose74 ,! prie/hood1 p]ceiv+ ! int]e/ ) :i* ?is fl[] 0 view$1 & ! wat*fulness manife/$ = its appe>ance1 taught t 9 x abode a god1 & t x mu/ be wor%ipp$4 ,! ackn[l$gm5t ( ?is fl[] z a fit & prim>y object ( wor%ip caus$ x to be del9eat$ on ! mummy-cases1 & s>cophagi1 & on all sacr$ edifices4 ,we %all h frequ5t occasion1 :ile consid]+ decorative art1 to notice symbolic =ms2 b we mu/ n =get ! fact t all good ornam5ts make utt]ance4 ,let u 9 all cases1 :5 behold+ !m1 give e> to _! tea*+s6 ,egyptian ornam5t is s full ( =ms :i* h int]e/+ significance t ,i _c =be> giv+ "o o!r illu/ration2 & ( ?is ,i am sure1 t n only does a k ( ! int5tion ( ea* =m employ$ 9 a decorative s*eme cause ! behold] to receive a special am\nt ( pleasure :5 view+ x1 b also t )\t su* k no "o c rightly judge ( ! nature ( any ornam5tal "w4 ,!re is a device 9 ,egyptian ornam5t :i* ! mo/ casual obs]v] _c h fail$ to notice2 x is :at is t]m$ ! w+$ globe1 & consi/s ( a small ball or globe1 imm$iately at ! sides ( :i* are two asps1 & f :i* ext5d two w+s1 ea* w+ be+ 9 l5g? ab\t five to eight times t ( ! diamet] ( ! ball 7,fig4 #d74 ,! draw+ ( ?is device is v gr&4 ,! =ce ) :i* ! w+s are del9eat$ well repres5ts ! p[]ful "* ( ! protection :i* ! k+dom ( ,egypt af=d$1 & :i* 0 symbolis$ by ! ext5d$ & ov]%ad[+ p9ions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,i "k ( few in/ances :]e =ms ( an ornam5tal "* h be5 comb9$ 9 a mann] ei!r m qua9t or m int]e/+ ?an 9 ! example be=e u4 ,! composition pres5ts a *>m t few ornam5ts d1 & is wor?y ( c>eful consid]ation4 ,b ?is ornam5t d]ives a v special & unusual int]e/ :5 we consid] its purpose1 ! bl[ :i* 0 once aim$ at x1 & ! %ock :i* its produc]s mu/ h receiv$1 ^u f9d+ x p[]less to act z !y _h taught1 if n believ$1 x w\ld4 ,! prie/hood in/ruct$ ! p t ?is 0 ! symbol ( protection1 & t x s effectually appeal$ to ! pres]v+ spirits t no evil c\ld ent] :]e x 0 portray$4 ,) ! view ( giv+ a secure protection to ! inmates ( ,egyptian dwell+s1 ?is device1 or symbol ( protection1 0 ord]$ to be plac$ on ! l9tel 7! po/ ov] ! door7 ( e build+ ( ! ,egyptians1 :e!r resid5ce or temple4 ,x 0 to nullify ?is symbol1 & to %[ ! va9 "* ( ! ,egyptian gods1 t ,moses 0 comm&$ to h ! blood ( ! lamb sla9 at ! passov] plac$ ^u ! l9tel1 9 ! v position ( ?is w+$ globe4 ,x 0 also enjo9$ z a fur!r duty t ! blood be spr9kl$ on ! door-po/2 b ?is 0 m]ely a new duty1 t5d+ fur!r to %[ t ev5 9 position1 z well z 9 nature1 ?is w+$ globe 0 p[]less to secure protection4 ,?is device1 !n1 is ( special int]e/1 bo? z a symbolic ornam5t & z ?r[+ light on ,scripture hi/ory4 ,besides ! two ornam5tal =ms m5tion$--i4e41 ! lotus & ! w+$ globe--we might notice _m o!rs also ( great int]e/1 b our space w n enable u to d s2 fur!r in=mation may1 h[ev]1 be got f ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum libr>y1#c :]e sev]al int]e/+ works on ,egyptian ornam5t may be se52--f ! ,gramm> ( ,ornam5t by ,mr4 ,ow5 ,jones1--! works on ,egypt by ,sir ,g>d9] ,wilk9son2 &1 especially1--by a visit to ! ,egyptian ,c\rt ( ! ,cry/al ,palace at ,syd5ham1 & by a c>eful p]usal ( ! h&-book to t c\rt4#d ,mu* might also be said respect+ ,egyptian ar*itecture1 b on ?is we c say little "h2 yet1 z ! columns ( ! temples are ( a v ornam5tal "*1 we may notice t 9 mo/ cases !y 7 =m$ ( a bundle ( papyrus#e /ems b\nd toge!r by ?ongs or /raps--! heads ( ! plant =m+ ! capital ( ! column1 & ! /ems ! %aft 7,fig4 #e74 ,9 "s cases ! lotus 0 sub/itut$ = ! papyrus2 & 9 o!r in/ances ! palm-leaf 0 us$ 9 a simil> way2 ^! modifications c be se5 9 ! ,egyptian ,c\rt at ,syd5ham ) great advantage1 & _m v>ieties ( =m result+ f ! use ( ! "o plant1 z ( ! papyrus1 may also !re be obs]v$4 #c ,any p]son c h admission to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum ,art libr>y & its ,educational libr>y1 = a week1 by paym5t ( sixp5ce4 #d ,a h&-book to ea* ( ! hi/oric c\rts erect$ 9 ! ,syd5ham ,palace 0 prep>$ at ! "t ! c\rts 7 built4 ,^! are /ill to be got 9 ! ,lit]>y dep>tm5t1 9 ! nor?-ea/ gall]y ( ! build+4 ,!y are all wor?y ( c>eful /udy4 #e ,! papyrus 0 ! plant f :i* ,egyptian pap] 0 made4 ,x 0 also ! bulru% ( ! ,scriptures1 9 :i* ! infant ,moses 0 f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,we h "h an opportunity ( notic+ h[ ! mode ( build+1 h[ev] simple or primitive 9 "*1 fir/ employ$ by a nation may become embodi$ 9 its ultimate ar*itecture2 =1 und\bt$ly1 ! rude h\ses fir/ erect$ 9 ,egypt 7 =m$ l>gely ( bundles ( ! papyrus1 :i* 7 ga!r$ f ! riv]-side--= wood 0 r>e 9 ,egypt--&1 ultimately1 :5 build+s 7 =m$ ( /one1 an attempt 0 made at imitat+ 9 ! new mat]ial ! =m :i* ! old re$s pres5t$4 ,b m>k1 ! imitation 0 no gross copy ( ! orig9al "w1 b a well-consid]$ & p]fectly idealis$ "w1 sub/itut+ = ! bundle ( re$s a "w hav+ ! true ar*itectural qualities ( a noble-look+ & useful column4 ,we mu/ n[ pass f ! ornam5t ( ! ,egyptians to t ( ! ,greeks1 & "h we meet ) decorative =ms hav+ a diff]5t object & diff]5t aim f ^? already consid]$4 ,egyptian ornam5t 0 symbolical 9 "*4 ,its individual =ms _h specific mean+s--! purport ( ea* %ape be+ taught by ! prie/s--b we f9d no su* ?+ z symbolism 9 ,greek decoration4 ,! ,greeks 7 a ref9$ p1 :o s\ght n to express _! p[] by _! art-works s mu* z _! ref9em5t4 ,be=e ! m5tal eye !y always _h a p]fect ideal1 & _! mo/ e>ne/ ef=ts 7 made at ! realisation ( ! p]fections ( ! m5tal conception ( absolute ref9em5t4 ,9 "o respect ! ,greeks resembl$ ! ,egyptians1 = !y r>ely creat$ new =ms4 ,:5 once a =m became sacr$ to ! ,egyptians1 x c\ld n be alt]$2 b ) ! ,greeks1 :ile b\nd by no su* law1 ! love ( old =ms 0 great2 yet ! ,greeks did n seek simply to reproduce :at !y _h be=e creat$1 b lab\r$ h>d to improve & ref9e :at !y _h be=e done2 & ev5 ?r\gh succe$+ c5turies !y work$ at ! ref9em5t ( simple =ms & ornam5tal compositions1 :i* h become *>act]i/ic ( !m z a p4 ,! g5]al expression ( ,greek art is t ( ref9em5t1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! delicately cultivat$ ta/e ( "s ( ! ,greeks is express$ by _! ornam5ts is a/oni%+4 ,"o decorative device1 :i* we t]m ! ,greek ,an!mion1 may be reg>d$ z _! pr9cipal ornam5t--7! orig9al ornam5tal composition by "o ( my pupils1 ,fig4 #f1 consi/s prim>ily ( ?ree an!mions7--& ! v>iety ( ref9$ =ms 9 :i* x appe>s is mo/ int]e/+4 ,b x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! ,greek ornam5ts & ar*itectural =ms pres5t no?+ b ref9em5t made manife/ 9 =m1 = ?is is n ! case4 ,great z is ! ref9em5t ( "s ( ^! =ms1 we yet notice t !y speak ( m ?an ! p]fect$ ta/e ( _! produc]s1 = !y reveal to u ?is fact--t _! creators _h great k ( natural =ces & ! laws by :i* natural =ces are gov]n$4 ,?is becomes app>5t 9 a m>k$ degree :5 we inquire into ! mann] 9 :i* !y arrang$ ! proportion ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( _! works to ! :ole1 & especially by a consid]ation ( ! subtle nature ( ! curves :i* !y employ$ bo? 9 ar*itectural memb]s & 9 decorative =ms2 b into ?is we mu/ n n[ inquire4 ,yet1 by way ( ?r[+ "s fa9t light ^u ! mann] 9 :i* k is embodi$ 9 ,greek =ms1 ,i may ref] to ! ,doric column1 su* z 0 employ$ 9 ! ,p>!non at ,a!ns#f 7,fig4 #g74 ,! idea pres5t$ by ?is column is t ( en]getic upw>d gr[? :i* has come 9 contact ) "s sup]pos$ mass1 ! weight ( :i* presses ^u ! column f above1 :ile ! en]gy ( ! upw>d gr[? causes ! column to appe> fully equal to ! task ( support+ ! sup]9cumb5t /ructure4 ,m>k ?is--t by pressure f above1 or weight1 ! %aft ( ! column is di/5d$1 or b5t out1 ab\t "o-?ird ( ! di/ance f its base to its apex 7j :]e ?is di/5sion w\ld occur1 7 ! column =m$ ( a slightly pla/ic mat]ial71 & yet ?is di/5sion ( ! %aft is n su* z to give any idea ( weakness1 = ! column appe>s to rise ) ! en]gy ( su* vigor\s life z to be m ?an able to be> ! weight :i* x has to su/a94 #f ,a capital1 & portion ( ! %aft1 ( "o ( ^! columns are to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,sculpture room1 & a ca/ ( ! same at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 ,syd5ham4 ,?is ,doric column is employ$ 9 ! ,greek ,c\rt ( ! ,cry/al ,palace4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,m>k also ! s+ul>ly delicate curve ( ! capital ( ! column1 :i* appe>s z a slightly pla/ic cu%ion int]v5+ betwe5 ! %aft & ! sup]9cumb5t mass :i* x has to support4 ,! delicacy & ref9em5t ( =m pres5t$ by ?is capital is p]haps great] ?an t ( any o!r ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,! same pr9ciple ( life & en]gy com+ 9 contact ) resi/ance or pressure f above is con/antly met ) 9 ! enri*m5ts ( ,greek cornices & m\ld+s2 b hav+ call$ att5tion to ! fact1 ,i mu/ leave ! /ud5t to obs]ve1 & ?9k ^u1 ^! int]e/+ subjects = himself4 ,let me1 h[ev]1 say t !re are few classic build+s 9 ,engl& :i* w aid ! le>n] 9 8 rese>*es2 !re is b little poetry 9 our ar*itectural build+s1 & b little ref9em5t 9 ! =ms ( ! p>ts1 especially 9 our classic build+s2 &1 add$ to ?is1 ,greek art )\t ,greek col\r+ is dead1 be+ almo/ z ! m>ble /atue to ! liv+ =m4 ,= ! purposes ( my read]s1 ! ,greek ,c\rt at ! ,cry/al ,palace w be ! be/ example = /udy4 ,i might n[ review ,roman ornam5t1 & %[ t 9 ! h\r ( pride ! mat]ials ( :i* ! ,roman works 7 =m$ 7 consid]$1 r ?an ! %apes :i* !y assum$2 & h[ we ?us get little wor?y ( praise f ! all-conqu]+ ,romans--h[ ! sunny climate & religi\s sup]/itions ( ! ,ea/ call$ =? ! gorge\s & beautiful developm5ts ( art :i* h exi/$1 or /ill exi/1 ) ! ,p]sians1 ,indians1 ,turks1 ,moors1 ,*9ese1 & ,japanese2 b ,i h n space to d s2 yet all ! =ms ( ornam5t :i* ^! p h creat$ are wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful & exhau/ive consid]ation1 z !y pres5t art-qualities ( ! highe/ k9d4 ,i "k ( no ornam5t m intricately beautiful & m+l$ ?an ! ,p]sian--no geometrical /rapwork1 or sy/ems ( int]lac+ l9es1 s ri* z ^? ( ! ,moors 7! ,alhambraic7--no fabrics s gorge\s z ^? ( ,india--none s qua9tly h>moni\s z ^? ( ,*9a2 & ,japan c supply ! _w ) ! mo/ beautiful dome/ic articles t we c any:]e procure4 ,we mu/ pass on1 h[ev]1 to :at we may t]m ,*ri/ian art1 or t developm5t ( ornam5t :i* _h its rise ) ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & has associat$ itself 9 a special mann] ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,nei!r ! ,egyptians nor e>ly ,greeks appe> to h us$ ! ar* /ructurally 9 _! build+s2 ! ,romans1 h[ev]1 _h ! r\nd ar* z a prim>y /ructural elem5t4 ,?is r\nd ar* 0 also us$ by ! ,byzant9es1 & among/ _! ornam5ts we f9d ^? comb9ations ( circles1 or p>ts ( circles1 :i* s con/antly recur 9 lat] times 9 ,go?ic ar*itecture & ,go?ic ornam5t4 ,norman build+s1 aga91 %[ u ! r\nd ar*1 & pres5t u ) su* int]sect$ arcs z w\ld naturally sugge/ ! po9t$ ar* ( lat] times1 ) :i* came ! full developm5t ( ,go?ic or ,*ri/ian ar*itecture & ornam5tation4 ,!re 0 a v f9e & m>vell\sly clev] developm5t ( decorative art1 en?usia/ically work$ at by ! ,*ri/ian monks ( ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies1 call$ ,celtic1 ( :i* we h _m beautiful examples 9 ,pr(essor ,we/wood's great "w on e>ly illum9at$ manuscripts2 b :at is g5]ally und]/ood by ,*ri/ian or ,go?ic art _h its f9e/ developm5t ab\t ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,go?ic ornam5t1 l ! ,egyptian1 is ess5tially symbolic4 ,its =ms h 9 _m in/ances specific significance4 ,?us ! common equilat]al triangle is 9 "s cases us$ to symbolise ! ,holy ,tr9ity2 s are ! two entw9$ triangles4 ,b !re are _m o!r symbols employ$ 9 ,go?ic ornam5t :i* set =? ! my/]y ( ! ,unity ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,?us 9 ,fig4 #h we h ?ree int]lac$ circles1 :i* beautifully express ! et]nal ,unity ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 = ! circle alone symbolises et]nity1 be+ )\t beg9n+ & )\t end1 & ! ?ree p>ts po9t to ! ,?ree ,p]sons ( ! ,godhead4 ,a v curi\s & clev] symbol ( ! ,tr9ity is portray$ 9 ,fig4 #i1 :]e ?ree faces are s comb9$ z to =m an ornam5tal figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,baptism "u ! imm$iate sanction ( ! ,div9e ,tr9ity 0 repres5t$ by ?ree fi%es plac$ toge!r 9 ! mann] ( a triangle 7,fig4 #aj72 b s num]\s 7 ,*ri/ian symbols aft] ! n9? c5tury1 t to enum]ate !m m]ely w\ld occupy mu* space4 ,e trefoil symbolis$ ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 e quatrefoil ! f\r evangeli/s1 e cross ! ,crucifixion1 or ! m>tyrdom ( "s sa9t4 ,& into ,go?ic ornam5tation ! *alice1 ! cr[n ( ?orns1 ! dice1 ! sop1 ! hamm] & nails1 ! flagellum1 & o!r symbols ( our ,"l's passion h ent]$4 ,b1 besides ^!1 we h m purely ar*itectural =ms mak+ g5tle utt]ance3 ! *ur* spire po9ts heav5w>ds1 & ! long l9es ( ! clu/]$ columns ( ! ca!dral direct ! ?\ghts upw>ds to heav5 & to ,god4 ,go?ic ornam5t1 hav+ pass$ f its purity t[>ds undue elaboration1 began to lose its hold on ! p = :om x 0 creat$1 & ! =m ( religion ) :i* x _h long be5 associat$ _h become old1 :5 ! great ov]?r[ ( old traditions & usages occurr$1 commonly call$ ! ,re=mation4 ,) ! re=mation ( religion came a revival ( classic le>n+1 & a g5]al diffusion ( k1 & ?us ! imm$iate necessity = art-symbols 0 pass+ away1 x be+ especially to an unlett]$ p t an ext5d$ sy/em ( symbolism appeals4 ,) ?is revival ( classic le>n+ came ! inve/igation ( classic rema9s--! exploration ( ,greek & ,roman ru9s2 & :ile ?is 0 go+ on1 a dislike to :atev] _h be5 associat$ ) ! old =m ( religion _h sprung up1 :i* dislike turn$ to hate z ! /ruggle advanc$1 till ! feel+ aga9/ ,go?ic ar*itecture & ornam5t became s /rong t any?+ 0 pref]r$ to x4 ,n[ arose ,r5aissance ar*itecture & ornam5t 7revival "w71 :i* 0 bas$ on ! ,roman rema9s1 b 0 yet rem\ld$1 or =m$ anew2 s t ! ornam5t ( ! ,r5aissance is n ,roman ornam5t1 b a new decorative s*eme1 ( ! same g5us z t ( ! ,roman4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 all my sympa?ies end4 ,i confess t all ,r5aissance ornam5t1 :e!r develop$ "u ! s(t sky ( ,italy 7,italian ornam5t71 9 m nor!rly ,france 7,fr5* ,r5aissance71 or on our own soil 7,elizabe?an1 or ,engli% ,r5aissance71 fails to awak5 any feel+ ( sympa?y 9 my brea/2 & t x1 on ! contr>y1 *ills & repels me4 ,i enjoy ! p[] & vig\r ( ,egyptian ornam5t1 ! ref9em5t ( ! ,greek1 ! gorge\sness ( ! ,alhambraic1 ! ri*ness ( ! ,p]sian & ,indian1 ! qua9tness ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese1 ! simple hone/y & boldness ( ! ,go?ic2 b ) ! co>se ,assyrian1 ! haughty ,roman1 & ! cold ,r5aissance1 ,i h no k9dr$ feel+--no sympa?y4 ,!y /rike notes :i* h no *ords 9 my nature3 h5ce f !m ,i in/9ctively fly4 ,i mu/ be p>don$ = ?is my feel+ by ^? :o diff] f me 9 judgm5t1 b my cont9u$ /udies ( ^! /yles only sep>ate me fur!r f !m 9 feel+4 ,x w be said t 9 my writ+s ,i m+le toge!r ornam5t & ar*itecture1 & t my sph]e is ornam5t1 & n build+4 ,i _c sep>ate ! two4 ,! mat]ial at comm&1 ! religion ( ! p1 & ! climate h1 to a great ext5t1 det]m9$ ! "* ( ! ar*itecture ( all ages & nations2 b !y h1 to ! same ext5t1 det]m9$ ! nature ( ! ornam5tation ( ! edifices rais$4 ,ornam5t always has aris5 out ( ar*itecture1 or be5 a m]e reflex ( ! art-pr9ciples ( ! build+ decorat$4 ,we _c rightly consid] ornam5t )\t ar*itecture2 b ,i w promise to take no fur!r notice ( ar*itecture ?an is absolutely necess>y to ! prop] und]/&+ ( our subject4 ,,division ,,ii4 ,9 my previ\s rem>ks ,i h attempt$ to set =? "s ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ornam5t1 & to call att5tion to ! purport or int5tion ( c]ta9 ( ! lead+ hi/oric /yles1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y make utt]ance to u ( ! fai? or s5tim5ts ( _! produc]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,b !re are o!r utt]ances ( ornam5t1 & o!r g5]al expressions :i* decorative =ms convey to ! m9d4 ,?us %>p1 angul>1 or sp9y =ms are m or less excit+ 7,fig4 #aa72 :ile bold & broad =ms are soo?+1 or t5d to give repose4 ,%>p or angul> =ms1 :]e comb9$ 9 ornam5t1 act ^u ! s5ses mu* z racy & po9t$ say+s d4 ,?us cut or angul> glass1 sp9ose metal-"w1 z ! po9t$ foliage ( "s wr\ght-iron gates1 & o!r works 9 :i* !re is a preval5ce ( angles & po9ts1 s act ^u ! m9d z to /imulate x1 & ?us produce an effect opposite to repose2 :ile bread? ( =m & l>g5ess ( treatm5t induce tranquillity & m$itation4 ,no?+ c be m important to ! ornam5ti/ ?an ! sci5tific /udy ( art4 ,! metaphysical inquiry into cause & effect1 z relat+ to decorative ideas1 is v important--inde$1 all-important--to ! true decorator4 ,he mu/ con/antly ask himself :at effect su* & su* =ms h ^u ! m9d--:i* effects are soo?+1 :i* *e]ful1 :i* melan*oly1 :i* ri*1 :i* e!real1 :i* gorge\s1 :i* solid1 :i* graceful1 :i* lovable1 & s on2 & 9 ord] to d ?is he mu/ sep>ate ! v>i\s elem5ts ( ornam5tal composition1 & consid] ^! ap>t1 s z to be sure t he is n mi/ak5 z to :at affects ! m9d 9 any p>ticul> mann]1 & he mu/ !n comb9e ^! elem5ts 9 v>i\s proportions1 & consid] ! effects ( ! v>i\s comb9ations on 8 own m9d & t ( o!rs1 & ?us he w discov] :at w enable him to s act on ! s5ses z to induce effects su* z he may desire to produce4 ,are we to decorate a d9+-room1 let ! decoration give ! s5se ( ri*ness2 a draw+-room1 let x give *e]fulness2 a libr>y1 let x give wor?2 a b$-room1 repose2 b glitt] mu/ nev] occur 9 l>ge quantities1 = t :i* excites c only be sp>+ly indulg$ 9--if too freely employ$1 x gives ! s5se ( vulg>ity4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i h to speak prim>ily ( ,tru?1 ,beauty1 & ,p[]4 ,long s9ce ,i 0 s fully impress$ ) ! idea t true art-pr9ciples are s p]fectly manife/$ by ^! ?ree words1 t ,i embodi$ !m 9 an ornam5tal device :i* ,i pa9t$ on my /udy door1 s t all :o ent]$ might le>n ! pr9ciples :i* ,i s\ght to manife/ 9 my works4 ,!re c be morality or immorality 9 art1 ! utt]ance ( tru? or ( falsehood2 & by 8 art ! ornam5ti/ may exalt or debase a nation4 ,tru?4--,h[ noble1 h[ beautiful2 h[ righte\s to utt] x2 & h[ debas+ is falsehood2 yet we see falsehood pref]r$ to tru?--t :i* debases to t :i* exalts1 9 art z well z morals2 & ,i fe> t !re is almo/ z mu* t is false1 degrad+1 & untrue 9 my beautiful art z !re is ( ! noble1 righte\s1 & exalt+1 al?\gh art %\ld only be practis$ by ennobl+ h&s4 ,x is ?is grovell+ art1 ?is s-call$ ornam5tation1 :i* t5ds to debase r ?an exalt1 to degrade r ?an make noble1 to fo/] a lie r ?an utt] tru?1 :i* br+s ab\t ! abasem5t ( our call+1 & causes our art to fail 9 _m in/ances 9 lay+ hold (1 & cl++ to1 ! affections ( ! noble & ! great4 ,ornam5tation is 9 ! highe/ s5se ( ! ^w a ,f9e ,art2 !re is no art m noble1 none m exalt$4 ,x c *e] ! sorr[+2 x c soo! ! tr\bl$2 x c enhance ! joys ( ^? :o make m]ry2 x c inculcate ! doctr9e ( tru?2 x c ref9e1 elevate1 purify1 & po9t onw>d & upw>d to heav5 & to ,god4 ,x is a f9e art1 = x embodies & expresses ! feel+s ( ! s\l ( man--t inw>d _s :i* 0 brea!d by ! ,creator into ! lifeless clay z ! image ( 8 life--h[ev] noble1 pure1 or holy4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ^? :o ignore decoration ca/ aside a s\rce ( ref9em5t1 & deprive !mselves ( :at may induce _! elevation 9 virtue & morals4 ,su* a neglect on ! "p ( ^? :o c af=d luxuries w\ld be highly c5surable1 7 x n t ! pr(essors ( ! art are = ! mo/ "p false pret5d]s1 kn[+ n :at !y practise1 & m5 ignorant ( ! p[] :i* !y hold 9 _! h&s4 ,! true arti/ is a r>e creature2 he is (t5 unkn[n1 frequ5tly misund]/ood1 or n und]/ood at all1 & is n unfrequ5tly lo/ to a p t pref] %all[ness to deep mean+1 falsehood to tru?1 & glitt] to repose4 ,we n[ see ! utt] folly ( appeal+ simply to :at is call$ ta/e 9 matt]s ( art1 & ! uselessness ( yield+ to ! caprice 7falsely call$ ta/e7 ( ! un$ucat$ 9 su* matt]s1 especially z ?is s-call$ ta/e is (t5 ( ! mo/ vulg> & debas$ ord]4 ,we also see ! absurdity ( p]sons :o employ a true arti/ int]f]+ ) 8 judgm5t & ideas4 ,! true arti/ is a noble tea*]2 %all he be told1 !n1 :at morals he %all inculcate1 & :at l(ty tru?s he %all embody 9 8 works1 or omit f !m8 ,d we tell ! prea*] :at he %all say1 & ask him to )hold :atev] is ref9+ & elevat+8 ,we d n1 & 9 art we mu/ leave ! pr(essors free to tea*1 & hold !m responsible = _! tea*+s4 ,if ,i ?\ght t ,i _h n[ conv9c$ my read] t decorative art does n consi/ m]ely 9 ! plac+ toge!r ( =ms1 h[ev] beautiful !y may be individually or collectively2 nor 9 r5d]+ objects simply :at is call$ pretty2 b t x is a p[] = good or evil2 t x is :at w elevate or debase--t :i* _c be neutral 9 its t5d5cy--,i w\ld advance to consid] its pr9ciples2 b ,i _c tea*1 nor c ,i be und]/ood1 unless ! read] feels t he :o practises art wields a va/ p[]1 = ! rightful use ( :i* he mu/ be held responsible4 ,all gra9+ ( wood is false1 inasmu* z x attempts to deceive2 ! ef=t be+ made at caus+ "o mat]ial to look l ano!r :i* x is n4 ,all m>bl+ is false also3 a floor-clo? made 9 imitation ( c>pet or matt+ is false2 a ,brussels c>pet t imitates a ,turkey c>pet is false2 s is a jug t imitates wick]-"w1 a pr9t$ fabric t imitates "o :i* is wov51 a gas-lamp t imitates an oil-lamp4 ,^! are all untru?s 9 expression1 & are1 besides1 vulg> absurdities :i* are ! m lam5table1 z ! imitation is always less beautiful ?an ! ?+ imitat$2 & z ea* mat]ial has ! p[] ( express+ beauty tru?fully1 ?us ! want ( tru? br+s its own puni%m5t4 ,a deal door is beautiful1 b x w n keep clean2 let x !n be v>ni%$4 ,x is n[ pres]v$1 & its own *>act]i/ic features are enhanc$ by ! v>ni%1 s t its individuality is emphasis$1 & no untru? told4 ,a floor-clo? c pres5t a patt]n ) true & beautiful curves--h[ absurd1 !n1 to try & imitate ! dotty effect ( a c>pet2 & ! ,brussels c>pet c express tru] curves ?an ! ,turkey c>pet1 !n :y imitate ! latt] 9 ! f9] mat]ial8 ,b p]haps ! mo/ s5seless ( all ^! absurdities is ! mak+ an e>!n jug 9 imitation ( wick]-"w :5 if s =m$ x w\ld be useless z a wat]-vessel4 ,i c imag9e a fool 9 8 simplicity prid+ himself on su* a bright ?\ght z ! production ( a vessel ( ?is k9d1 b ,i _c imag9e any rightly con/itut$ m9d produc+ or comm5d+ su* an idea4 ,let ! expression ( our art ev] be tru?ful4 ,beauty4--,i w say little on ?is head1 = decorative =ms mu/ be beautiful4 ,%apes :i* are n beautiful are r>ely decorative4 ,i w n n[ attempt to express :at "* =ms %\ld h 9 ord] t !y be consid]$ beautiful1 b w cont5t myself by say+ t !y mu/ be tru?ful 9 expression1 & graceful1 delicate1 & ref9$ 9 cont\r1 manife/+ no co>s5ess1 vulg>ity1 or obtrusiv5ess4 ,my views ( ! beautiful mu/ be ga!r$ f ! s]ies ( *apt]s :i* w foll[1 b ?is ,i may "h say1 t ! beautiful manife/s no want1 no %ortcom+4 ,a composition t is beautiful mu/ h no p>ts :i* c\ld be tak5 f x & yet leave ! rema9d] equally good or bett]4 ,! p]fectly beautiful is t :i* admits ( no improvem5t4 ,! beautiful is lovable1 &1 z t :i* is lovable1 takes hold ( ! affections & cl+s to !m1 b9d+ itself firm] & firm] to !m z "t rolls on4 ,if an object is really beautiful we d n tire ( x2 fa%ion does n induce u to *ange x2 ! m]ely new does n displace x4 ,x becomes z an old fri5d1 m lov$ z its good qualities are bett] und]/ood4 ,p[]4--,we n[ come to consid] an art-elem5t or pr9ciple ( great importance1 = if abs5t f any composition1 feebl5ess or weakness is ! result1 ! manife/ation ( :i* is n pleasant4 ,) :at p[] d ! plants bur/ f ! e>? 9 spr+6 ,) :at p[] d ! buds develop into bran*es6 ,! p[]ful orator is a man to be admir$1 ! p[]ful ?9k] a man we e/eem4 ,ev5 ! simple p[]1 or brute =ce1 ( animals we involunt>ily approve--! p[]ful tig] & ! p[]ful horse call =? our comm5dation1 = p[] is antagoni/ic to weakness4 ,p[] also manife/s e>ne/ness2 p[] means en]gy2 p[] implies a conqu]or4 ,our compositions1 !n1 mu/ be p[]ful4 ,b besides all ?is1 we1 ! pr(essors ( decorative art1 mu/ manife/ p[] 9 our works1 = we are tea*]s s5t =? to in/ruct1 & ennoble1 & elevate our fell[-creatures4 ,we %all n be believ$ if we d n utt] our tru?s ) p[]2 let tru?1 !n1 be utt]$ ) p[]1 & 9 ! =m ( beauty4#g #g ,i h giv5 9 ?is *apt] an orig9al sket* 7,fig4 #ab71 9 :i* ,i h s\ght to embody *iefly ! "o idea ( p[]1 en]gy1 =ce1 or vig\r2 & 9 ord] to d ?is1 ,i h employ$ su* l9es z we see 9 ! bur/+ buds ( spr+1 :5 ! en]gy ( gr[? is at its maximum1 & especially su* z are to be se5 9 ! spr+ gr[? ( a luxuriant tropical vegetation2 ,i h also avail$ myself ( ^? =ms to be se5 9 c]ta9 bones ( birds :i* are associat$ ) ! organs ( flight1 & :i* give u an impression ( great /r5g?1 z well z ^? obs]vable 9 ! p[]ful propell+ f9s ( c]ta9 species ( fi%4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are o!r pr9ciples gov]n+ ! production & application ( ornam5t :i* we mu/ n[ notice1 ! fir/ ( :i* is utility1 = ! fir/ aim ( ! design] ( any article mu/ be to r5d] ! object :i* he produces useful4 ,i may g fur!r1 & say t an article mu/ be made n only useful1 b z p]fectly suit$ to ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$ z x c be4 ,x matt]s n h[ beautiful ! object is int5d$ to be1 x mu/ fir/ be =m$ z ?\gh x 7 a m]e "w ( utility1 & aft] x has be5 c>efully creat$ ) ?is end 9 view x may !n be r5d]$ z beautiful z y please4 ,!re are special reasons :y our works %\ld be useful z well z beautiful1 = if an object1 h[ev] beautiful x may be 9 %ape1 h[ev] ri*ly cov]$ ) beautiful ornam5ts1 or h[ev] h>moni\sly col\r$1 be unpleasant to use1 x w ultimately be set aside1 & t :i* is m conv5i5t = use w replace x1 ev5 if ! latt] be )\t beauty4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is fact1 let u suppose ! balu/rade rail+s ( a /aircase v beautiful1 & yet furni%$ ) su* projections z r5d] x almo/ impossible t we walk up or d[n ! /airs )\t te>+ ! dress1 or injur+ ! p]son1 & h[ soon w our admiration ( ! beautiful rail+ disappe>1 & ev5 be replac$ by hate6 ,9 l mann] let ! h&le ( a door1 or ! head ( a pok]1 be s =m$ z to hurt ! h&1 & ! simple r\nd knob1 or r\nd head1 w be pref]r$ to x1 h[ev] ornam5tally or beautifully =m$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,9 relation to ?is subject1 ,pr(essor ,george ,wilson has said3 ,! conviction seems in]adicable f "s m9ds1 t a beautiful ?+ _c be a useful ?+1 & t ! m y increase ! beauty ( ! necess>y furniture or ! implem5ts ( e-day life ! m y less5 _! utility4 ,make ! ,que5's sceptre z beautiful z y please1 b don't try to beautify a pok]1 especially 9 cold wea!r4 ,my lady's v9aigrette c>ve & gild z y w1 b leave unt\*$ my pewt] ink-bottle4 ,put f9e furniture1 if y *oose1 into my draw+-room2 b ,i am a pla9 man1 & l useful ?+s 9 my p>l\r1 & s on4 ,good folks ( ?is sort seem to lab\r "u ! impression t ! secret desire ( art is to rob !m ( all com=t4 ,its unconfess$ b actual aim1 !y believe1 is to realise ! fai? ( _! *ildhood1 :5 x 0 und]/ood t a mon>* always wore 8 cr[n1 held an orb 9 "o h& & a sceptre 9 ! o!r1 & a lit]al int]pretation 0 put ^u ,%akespe>e's words1 ',uneasy lies ! head t we>s a cr[n4' ,7 art to prosp]1 f>ewell to fire-pro(1 %apeless slipp]s1 :i* bask l salam&]s unh>m$ 9 ! hotte/ blaze4 ,an ae/hetic pair1 modell$ ^u ,c9d]ella's foot1 & cov]$ ) sn[-:ite embroid]y1 mu/ take _! place1 & disp5se *ilbla9s & fro/-bite to mis]able toes4 ,f>ewell to %oot+-coats out a little at ! elb[s1 to pat*$ dress+-g[ns1 & hair-clo? s(as4 ,no?+ b full-dress1 v>ni%$ boots1 spid]-legg$ *airs1 :ite sat9 *air-cov]s1 alaba/] ink-bottles1 velvet door-mats1 & scrap]s ( silv] or gold4 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ _m p ?9k t a ?+ _c be com=table if x is beautiful4 4 4 4 ,if !re be "o tru? :i* ! ,au?or ( all has taught u 9 8 works m cle>ly ?an ano!r1 x is ! p]fect compatibility ( ! highe/ utility ) ! greate/ beauty4 ,i (f] y "o example4 ,all are famili> ) ! beautiful %ell ( ! nautilus4 ,give ! nautilus itself to a ma!matician1 & he w %[ y t "o secret ( its gracefulness lies 9 its foll[+ 9 its volute or :orl a p>ticul> geometrical curve ) rigid precision4 ,pass x f ! ma!matician to ! natural philosoph]1 & he w %[ y h[ ! simple sup]position ( a great numb] ( v ?9 transp>5t plates1 & ! close approximation ( a multitude ( v f9e engrav$ l9es1 are ! cause ( its exquisite pe>ly lu/re4 ,pass x f ! natural philosoph] to ! eng9e]1 & he w %[ y t ?is fairy %ell is a mo/ p]fect practical ma*9e1 at once a sail+ vessel & a div+-bell1 9 :i* its liv+ possessor _h1 c5turies be=e ,ar*im$es1 appli$ to utilit>ian ends ! law ( specific gravity1 & c5turies be=e ,halley _h div$ 9 8 bell to ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,pass x f ! eng9e] to ! anatomi/1 & he w %[ y h[1 )\t m>r+ its beauty1 x is occupi$ dur+ its lifetime ) a mo/ ord]ly sy/em ( r[+ & sail+ tackle1 *amb]s = food1 pumps to keep blood circulat+1 v5tilat+ app>atus1 & h&s to control all1 s t x is a model %ip ) a model m>9] on bo>d4 ,pass x la/ly f ! anatomi/ to ! *emi/1 & he w %[ y t e "p ( ! %ell & ! creature is comp\nd$ ( elem5ts1 ! relative weights ( :i* foll[ 9 ea* individual nautilus ! same num]ically id5tical ratio4 ,su* is ! nautilus1 a ?+ s graceful1 t :5 we look at x we are cont5t to say ) ,keats-- ',a ?+ ( beauty is a joy = ev]2' & yet a ?+ s ?or\ghly utilit>ian1 & fulfill+ ) ! utmo/ p]fection ! purely practical aim ( its con/ruction1 t our %ipbuild]s w\ld be only too ?ankful if1 ?\gh sacrific+ all beauty1 !y c\ld make _! vessels fulfil _! bus9ess ends half s well4 ,view+ our subject 9 ano!r light1 & ) special ref]5ce to ar*itecture1 we notice t unless a build+ is fitt$ = ! purpose int5d$1 or1 9 o!r words1 answ]s utilit>ian ends1 x _c be e/eem$ z x o!rwise might be1 ev5 ?\gh x be ( great ae/hetic beauty4 ,9 respect to ?is subject1 ,mr4 ,ow5 ,jones has said3 ,! nave & aisles ( a ,go?ic *ur* become absurd :5 fill$ ) pews = ,prote/ant wor%ip1 :]e all are requir$ to see & he>4 ,! columns ( ! nave :i* imp$e sight & s\nd1 ! aisles = processions :i* no long] exi/1 rood scre5s1 & deep *ancels = ! concealm5t ( my/]ies1 n[ no long] su*1 are all s _m useless reproductions :i* mu/ be ?r[n aside4 ,fur!r1 ,z ar*itecture1 s all works ( ! decorative arts1 %\ld possess fitness1 proportion1 h>mony2 ! result ( all :i* is repose4 ,sir ,m4 ,digby ,wyatt has said3 ,inf9ite v>iety & un]r+ fitness gov]n all =ms 9 ,nature4 ,vitruvius1 t ,! p]fection ( all works dep5ds on _! fitness to answ] ! end propos$1 & on pr9ciples result+ f a consid]ation ( ,nature itself4 ,sir ,*>les ,l4 ,ea/lake1 t ,9 e case 9 ,nature :]e fitness or utility c be trac$1 ! *>act]i/ic quality1 or relative beauty1 is f\nd to be id5tical ) t ( fitness4 ,a4 ,w4 ,pug9 7! fa!r73 ,h[ _m objects ( ord9>y use are r5d]$ mon/r\s & ridicul\s simply because ! arti/1 in/ead ( seek+ ! mo/ conv5i5t =m1 & !n decorat+ x1 has embodi$ "s extravagance to conceal ! real purpose = :i* ! article has be5 made4 ,& ) ! view ( po9t+ out h[ fitness =1 or adaptation to1 ! end propos$ is manife/$ 9 ! /ructure & disposition ^u ! e>? ( plants1 ,i h writt5 9 a little "w n[ out ( pr9t3 ,! trees :i* gr[ highe/ ^u ! m\nta9s1 & ! plants :i* gr[ ^u ! un%elt]$ pla91 h usually long1 n>r[1 & rigid leaves1 :i*1 ow+ to _! =m1 are enabl$ to be> ! fury ( ! tempe/1 to :i* !y are expos$1 )\t injury4 ,?is is se5 9 ! ease ( ! species ( fir :i* gr[ at great altitudes1 :]e ! leaves are m l ne$les ?an leaves su* z commonly occur2 & also 9 ! species ( hea? :i* gr[ ^u expos$ moors3 9 bo? cases ! plants are1 ow+ to ! =m ( ! leaf1 enabl$ to defy ! bla/1 :ile ^? ) broad leaves w\ld be %att]$ & de/roy$4 ,n only is ! =m ( leaf su* z fits ^! plants to dwell 9 su* inhospitable regions1 b o!r circum/ances also t5d to ?is result4 ,! /ems are 9 bo? cases woody & flexible1 s t :ile !y b5d to ! w9d !y resi/ its de/roy+ influ5ce by _! /r5g? & ela/icity4 ,9 relation to ! /em ( ! papyrus1 :i* is a plant con/antly met ) 9 ,egyptian ornam5ts1 ! late ,sir ,w4 ,j4 ,hook] m5tions an int]e/+ fact :i* manife/s adaptation to its position4 ,?is plant gr[s 9 wat]1 & atta*es itself to ! m>g9s ( riv]s & /reams1 by s5d+ =? roots & evolv+ long und]gr\nd /ems 9 ! alluvium ( ! sides ( ! wat]s4 ,ow+ to its position x is expos$ to ! influ5ces ( ! curr5t1 :i* x has to )/&1 & ?is x does1 n only by hav+ its /ems ( a triangul> =m--a %ape well adapt$ = )/&+ pressure--b also by hav+ !m s plac$ 9 relation to ! direction ( ! /ream1 t "o angle always meets ! curr5t1 & ?us sep>ates ! wat]s z does ! b[ ( a mod]n /eam-%ip4 ,i might multiply illu/rations ( ?is pr9ciple ( fitness1 or adaptation to purpose1 z manife/$ 9 plants1 to an almo/ indef9ite ext5t2 b :5 all _h be5 said we %\ld yet h b ! simple tru? be=e u1 t ! *ief end :i* we %\ld h 9 creat+ any object1 is t ( r5d]+ x p]fectly fitt$ to answ] ! propos$ end4 ,if ^? works :i* are beautiful 7 b inv>iably useful1 z !y %\ld be2 if ^? objects :i* are mo/ beautiful 7 also ! mo/ conv5i5t--& !re is no reason :y !y %\ld n be s--h[ ! beautiful w\ld become lov$ & s\ght aft]6 ,co/ w\ld be ( little mom5t1 ! price w\ld n be compla9$ (1 if beautiful objects 7 works ( p]fect utility4 ,b1 alas6 x is f> o!rwise3 t :i* is useful is (t5 ugly1 & t :i* is beautiful is (t5 inconv5i5t to use4 ,?is v fact has giv5 rise to ! highly absurd fa%ion ( hav+ a second pok] 9 a draw+-room set ( fire-irons4 ,! "o pok] is ornam5tal1 possibly1 b x is to be look$ at2 ! o!r is = use1 & z x is n to be look$ at1 x is hidd5 away 9 "s corn]1 or close )9 ! f5d]4 ,i d n wond] at ! second pok] be+ requir$2 = n9ete5 out ( e tw5ty pok]s ( an ornam5tal 787 "* :i* ,i h se5 dur+ ! la/ few ye>s w\ld hurt ! h& s insuff]ably if !y 7 us$ to break a lump ( coal )1 t x w\ld be almo/ impossible to employ !m con/antly = su* a purpose4 ,b :y n aboli% ! dete/able ?+ altoge!r8 ,if ! pok] is to be reta9$ z an ornam5t1 place x on ! table or *imney-piece ( y\r draw+-room1 & n d[n on ! he>?1 :]e x is at su* a di/ance f ! eye t its beauties _c be discov]$4 ,x is no use say+ x w\ld be out ( place 9 su* a position4 ,if to poke ! fire )1 its place is )9 ! f5d]2 if x is an ornam5t1 x %\ld be plac$ :]e x c be be/ se5--9 a glass case1 if wor?y ( protection4 ,i hope t suffici5t has n[ be5 said ^u ?is all-important necessity1 t1 if an object is to be beautiful x %\ld also be useful1 to cause u to consid] x z a prim>y pr9ciple ( design t all objects :i* we create mu/ be useful4 ,to ?is z a fir/ law we %all con/antly h to ref]4 ,:5 we con/ruct a *air we %all ask1 is x useful8 is x /rong8 is x prop]ly put toge!r8 c\ld x be /rong] )\t us+ m1 or ano!r1 mat]ial8 & !n we %\ld consid] :e!r x is beautiful4 ,:5 we design a bottle we %all inquire1 is x useful8 is x all t a bottle %\ld be8 c\ld x be m useful8 & !n1 is x beautiful8 ,:5 we create a gas-bran* we %all ask1 does x fulfil all requirem5ts1 & p]fectly answ] ! end = :i* x is int5d$8 & !n1 is x beautiful8 ,& 9 relation to patt]ns m]ely we %all also h to make simil> inquiries4 ,?us1 if draw+ a c>pet design1 we %all inquire1 is ?is =m ( ornam5t suitable to a wov5 fabric8 is x suitable to ! p>ticul> fabric = :i* x is int5d$8 is ! p>ticul> treatm5t ( ! ornam5t :i* we h adopt$ ! be/ possible :5 we be> 9 m9d t ! c>pet has to be walk$ ov]1 z x is to act 9 relation to our furniture z a backgr\nd does to a picture1 & is to be view$ at "s di/ance f ! eye8 & !n1 is x beautiful8 ,su* inquiries we %all put respect+ any object ! =mation ( :i* we may sugge/3 h5ce1 9 all our inquiries1 ,i %all1 z ,i love art1 consid] utility be=e beauty1 9 ord] t my art may be fo/]$ & n despis$4 ,!re are _m subjects yet n nam$ 9 ^! pages :i* we ought to consid]1 b ,i mu/ cont5t myself by m]ely m5tion+ !m1 & y mu/ be will+ to ?9k ( !m1 & consid] !m ) su* c>e z _! importance may dem&4 ,"s ( !m1 h[ev]1 we %all ref] to :5 consid]+ ! v>i\s manufactures4 ,a pr9ciple ( great importance 9 respect to design is1 t ! mat]ial ( :i* an object is =m$ %\ld be us$ 9 a mann] consi/5t ) its own nature1 & 9 t p>ticul> way 9 :i* x c be mo/ easily work$4 ,ano!r pr9ciple ( equal importance ) t j set =?1 is ?is3 t :5 an object is ab\t to be =m$1 t mat]ial 7or ^? mat]ials7 :i* is 7or are7 mo/ appropriate to its =mation %\ld be s\ght & employ$4 ,^! two propositions are ( v great importance1 & ! pr9ciples :i* !y set =? %\ld nev] be lo/ sight ( by ! design]4 ,!y involve ! fir/ pr9ciples ( successful design+1 = if ignor$ ! "w produc$ _c be satisfactory4 ,curves w be f\nd to be beautiful j z !y are subtle 9 "*2 ^? :i* are mo/ subtle 9 "* be+ mo/ beautiful4 ,! arc is ! lea/ beautiful ( curves 7,i d n "h speak ( a circle1 b ( ! l9e1 z a l9e1 :i* b\nds ! circle72 be+ /ruck f "o c5tre its orig9 is in/antly detect$1 :ile ! m9d requires t a l9e1 ! contemplation ( :i* %all be pleasurable1 mu/ be 9 advance ( its k1 & call into activity its p[]s ( inquiry4 ,! elliptic curve1 or curve b\nd+ ! ellipse1 is m beautiful ?an ! arc1 = its orig9 is n s /rik+ly app>5t1 be+ =m$ f two c5tres4 ,! curve ( ! egg is m beautiful /ill1 be+ =m$ f ?ree c5tres4#h ,z ! numb] ( c5tres necess>y to ! =mation ( a curve increases1 ! difficulty ( detect+ its orig9 also becomes great]1 & ! v>iety :i* ! curve pres5ts is also proportionally great2 ! v>iety be+ obvi\sly great] z ! numb] ( ! c5tres f :i* x is /ruck is increas$4 #h ,! ellipse & egg-%ape "h spok5 ( are n ^? :i* are /ruck by compasses 9 any way1 = ! curves ( su* figures are m]ely comb9$ arcs1 b su* z are /ruck ) /r+1 or a tramel4 ,proportion1 l ! curve1 mu/ be ( a subtle nature4 ,a surface mu/ nev] be divid$ = ! purpose ( decoration into halves4 ,! proportion ( #a to #a is bad4 ,z proportion increases 9 subtlety x also increases 9 beauty4 ,! proportion ( #b to #a is little bett]2 ! proportion ( #c to #h1 or ( #e to #h1 or ( #e to #ac1 is1 h[ev]1 good1 ! la/ nam$ be+ ! be/ ( ^? :i* ,i h adduc$2 = ! pleasure d]iv$ f ! contemplation ( proportion increases ) ! difficulty ( detect+ x4 ,?is pr9ciple is true 9 relation to ! division ( a mass into prim>y segm5ts1 & ( prim>y segm5ts into second>y =ms1 z well z 9 relation to ! gr\p+ toge!r ( p>ts ( v>i\s sizes2 h5ce x is wor?y ( special note4 ,a pr9ciple ( ord] mu/ prevail 9 e ornam5tal composition4 ,confusion is ! result ( accid5t1 :ile ord] results f ?\ght & c>e4 ,! op]ation ( m9d _c well be set =? 9 ! abs5ce ( ?is pr9ciple2 at lea/1 ! pres5ce ( a pr9ciple ( ord] r5d]s ! op]ation ( m9d at once manife/4 ,! ord]ly repetition ( p>ts frequ5tly aids 9 ! production ( ornam5tal effects4 ,! kaleidoscope af=ds a wond]ful example ( :at repetition w d4 ,! m]e fragm5ts ( glass :i* we view 9 ?is in/rum5t w\ld altoge!r fail to please 7 !y n repeat$ ) regul>ity4 ,( !mselves repetition & ord] c d mu*4 7,figs4 #ac & #ad47 ,alt]nation is a pr9ciple ( prim>y importance 9 c]ta9 ornam5tal compositions4 ,9 ! case ( a fl[] 7z ! butt]cup1 or *ickwe$1 = example7 ! col\r$ leaves d n fall ov] ! gre5 leaves 7! petals d n fall ov] ! sepals71 b betwe5 !m--!y alt]nate ) !m4 ,?is pr9ciple is n only manife/$ 9 plants1 b also 9 _m ornam5ts produc$ 9 ! be/ p]iods ( art 7,fig4 #ae74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,if plants are employ$ z ornam5ts !y mu/ n be treat$ imitatively1 b mu/ be conv5tionally treat$1 or r5d]$ into ornam5ts 7,fig4 #af74 ,a monkey c imitate1 man c create4 ,^! are ! *ief pr9ciples :i* we %all h to notice1 z involv$ 9 ! production ( ornam5tal designs4 ,,division ,,iii4 ,"s o!r pr9ciples ( a less noble "* ?an ^? :i* we h already notic$ z ent]+ into ornam5t yet rema9 to be m5tion$4 ,man w be amus$ z well z in/ruct$2 he mu/ be pleas$ z well z ennobl$ by :at he sees4 ,i hold x z a fir/ pr9ciple t ornam5tation1 z a true f9e art1 c adm9i/] to man 9 all 8 v>y+ moods1 & "u all phases ( feel+4 ,decoration1 if prop]ly und]/ood1 w\ld at once be se5 to be a high art 9 ! true/ s5se ( ! ^w1 z x c tea*1 elevate1 ref9e1 induce l(ty aspirations1 & allay sorr[s2 b we h n[ to notice x z a f9e art1 adm9i/]+ to man 9 8 v>i\s moods1 r ?an z ! h&maid to religion or morals4 ,hum\r seems to be z mu* an attribute ( our nature z love1 &1 l x1 v>ies 9 int5sity ) diff]5t individuals4 ,!re are few 9 :om !re is n a c]ta9 am\nt ( hum\r1 & 9 "s ?is "o quality pr$om9ates ov] all o!rs4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t m5 :o are great ?9k]s are also great humori/s--great tal5t & great hum\r be+ (t5 comb9$ 9 ! "o individual4 ,! feel+ = hum\r is m9i/]$ to 9 ornam5t by ! grotesque1 & ! grotesque occurs 9 ! works ( almo/ all ages & all peoples4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians employ$ x1 s did ! ,assyrians1 ! ,greeks1 & ! ,romans2 b none ( ^! nations us$ x to ! ext5t ( ! arti/s ( ! ,celtic1 ,byzant9e1 & ,go?ic p]iods4 ,hide\s evil spirits 7 portray$ on ! outside ( almo/ e ,*ri/ian edifice at "o "t1 & mu* ( ! ,celtic ornam5t produc$ by ! e>ly monks consi/$ ( an ana/omosis1 or network1 ( grotesque creatures4 ,! old ,iri% crosses 7 enri*$ ) ?is k9d ( ornam5tation1#i & "s ( ! decorative embelli%m5ts ( ^! works are ( extraord9>y int]e/2 b ^? :o h access to ! beautiful "w ( ,pr(essor ,we/wood on ,celtic manuscripts w !re see ?is grotesque =m ( ornam5t to p]fection4 ,z reg>ds ! ,ea/]n nations1 :ile ne>ly all h employ$ ! grotesque z an elem5t ( decorative art1 ! ,*9ese & ,japanese h employ$ x mo/ l>gely1 & = x !y manife/ a mo/ decid$ p>tiality4 ,! draw+s ( dragons1 cele/ial lions 7always spott$71 my?ical birds1 bea/s1 fi%es1 insects1 & o!r suppos$ inhabitants ( ! ,elysian pla9s1 :i* ^! p produce1 are mo/ int]e/+ & extraord9>y4 #i ,ca/s ( "o or two ( ^! c be se5 9 ! c5tral transept ( ! ,cry/al ,palace at ,syd5ham4 ,)\t 9 any way go+ into a hi/ory ( ! grotesque1 let u look at ! *>act]i/ic =ms :i* x has assum$1 & :at is necess>y to its successful production4 ,we h said t ! grotesque 9 ornam5t is ! analogue ( hum\r 9 lit]ature4 ,?is is ! case2 b ! grotesque may repres5t ! truly horrible or repell5t1 & be simply repulsive4 ,?is =m is s seldom requir$ 9 ornam5tation t ,i %all n dwell ^u x1 & :5 requir$ x %\ld always be associat$ ) p[]2 = if ! horrible is feeble x _c be corrective1 b only revolt+1 l a mis]able de=m$ animal4 ,i ?9k x may be tak5 z a pr9ciple1 t ! fur!r ! grotesque is remov$ f an imitation ( a natural object ! bett] x is1 provid$ t x be en]getic & vigor\s--lifelike4 ,no?+ is worse ?an a feeble joke1 unless x be a feeble grotesque4 ,! amus+ mu/ appe> to be e>ne/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject ,i give "h a s]ies ( grotesques1 ) ! view ( illu/rat+ my mean+1 & ,i w\ld fa9 give m1 b space w n p]mit me to d s4 ,! initial lett] ,s1 =m$ ( a bird1 is a *>act]i/ic ,celtic grotesque 7,fig4 #ag74 ,x is qua9t & int]e/+1 & is suffici5tly unlike a liv+ creature to avoid giv+ any s5se ( pa9 to ! behold]1 :ile x is yet 9 a mo/ unnatural position4 ,x is1 9 tru?1 r an ornam5t ?an a copy ( a liv+ creature1 yet x is s sugge/ive z to call =? ! ?\ght ( a bird4 ,x %\ld be notic$1 9 connection ) ?is figure1 t ! int]/ices betwe5 c]ta9 portions ( ! creature are fill$ by a knot4 ,?is is well--! :ole ?+2 be+ an ornam5t1 & n a naturali/ic repres5tation4 ,fig4 #ah is a ,siamese grotesque head1 & a f9e sample x is ( ! curi\s =m ( ornam5t :i* x repres5ts4 ,m>k1 x is 9 no way a copy ( a human head1 b is a true ornam5t1 ) its p>ts s arrang$ z to call up ! idea ( a face1 & no?+ m4 ,notice ! volutes =m+ ! *92 ! grotesque1 yet highly ornam5tal1 l9es =m+ ! m\? & ! upp] b\nd>y ( ! =ehead1 & ! flambeauant e>s2 ! :ole ?+ is wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful /udy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,fig4 #ai is a ,go?ic foliat$ face2 b "h we h features :i* are mu* too naturali/ic4 ,we h1 inde$1 only a hide\s human face ) a m>g9al excresc5ce ( leafage4 ,?is is a type to be avoid$2 x is n droll1 nor qua9t2 b is simply unpleasant to look ^u4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,fig4 #bj is a fi%1 ) ! feel+ ( ! grotesques ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x is a good type1 be+ truly ornam5tal1 & yet suffici5tly sugge/ive4 ,9 ord] t ,i convey to ! read] a full] idea ( my views respect+ ! grotesque ?an ,i o!rwise c\ld1 ,i h sket*$ "o or two orig9al illu/rations--,fig4 #ba be+ sugge/ive ( a face1 ,fig4 #bb ( a skeleton 7old bogey71 & ,fig4 #bc ( an impossible animal4 ,!y are int5tionally f> f imitative4 ,if naturali/ic "s w\ld awak5 a s5se ( pa91 z !y are contort$ into curi\s positions1 :]eas t :i* induces no ?\ght ( feel+ induces no s5se ( pa94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,( all grotesques ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$1 ! dragons ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese are ^? :i* repres5t a comb9ation ( p[]1 vig\r1 en]gy1 & passion mo/ fully4 ,?is is to be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ^! peoples are believ]s 9 dragons4 ,:5 ! sun or moon is eclips$ !y believe t ! lum9\s orb has be5 swall[$ by "s fi]ce mon/]1 :i* !y give =m to 9 ! dragon1 & ^u ! occurr5ce ( su* a ph5om5on !y1 ) cans & kettles1 make r\gh music1 & ?us cause ! mon/] to disgorge ! lum9>y1 ! brilliancy ( :i* x w\ld o!rwise h = ev] ext+ui%$4 ,i c und]/& a believ] 9 dragons draw+ ^! mon/]s ) ! p[] & _s t ! ,*9ese & ,japanese d2 b ,i c sc>cely imag9e t a disbeliev] c\ld d s--a man's v nature mu/ be saturat$ ) a belief 9 _! exi/5ce & mis*iev\s p[]1 9 ord] t he embody 9 8 del9eation su* expression ( ! assum$ "* ( ?is imag9>y creature z d ! ,*9ese & ,japanese4 ,al?\gh ,i am n n[ consid]+ ! /ructure ( objects1 ,i may say t ! grotesque %\ld frequ5tly be us$ :]e we meet ) naturali/ic imitations4 ,we n unfrequ5tly see a figure1 naturally imitat$1 plac$ z a support to a sup]9cumb5t weight--a female figure z an ar*itectural pill> be>+ ! weight ( ! entablature above1 m5 cr\*$ 9 ! mo/ pa9ful positions support+ ! b[l ( "s colossal f\nta94 ,naturali/ic figures 9 su* positions are simply revolt+1 h[ev] p]fect z works ( sculpture4 ,if weight has to be support$ by t :i* has a resemblance to a liv+ creature ( any k9d1 ! semblance %\ld only be sugge/$2 & ! m unreal & wood5y 7if ,i may make su* a ^w7 ! support1 if possess+ ! qua9tness & hum\r ( a true grotesque1 ! bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,x is n ! bus9ess ( ! ornam5ti/ to produce t :i* %all induce ! feel+ ( cont9u$ pa91 unless !re is "s exceptional reason = 8 s do+1 & su* a reason is ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,col\r4 ,hav+ consid]$ "s ( ! *ief pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! production ( decorative design s f> z expression goes1 we come to notice t con/ant adjunct ( =m :i* has ev] play$ an important "p 9 all decorative s*emes--namely1 col\r4 ,=m c exi/ indep5d5tly ( col\r1 b x nev] has _h any important developm5t )\t ! *romatic adjunct4 ,f a consid]ation ( hi/ory1 we %\ld be l$ to conclude t =m alone is incapable ( yield+ su* enri*m5ts z satisfy2 = no national sy/em ( decoration has ev] exi/$ 9 ! abs5ce ( col\r4 ,m]e outl9e-=m may be good1 b x is n satisfy+2 m]e light & %ade may be pleas+1 b x is n all t we require4 ,) =m our v nature seems to dem& col\r2 & x is only :5 we get well-proportion$ =ms :i* are graceful1 or noble1 or vigor\s1 9 comb9ation ) col\rs h>moni\sly arrang$1 t we are satisfi$4 ,possibly ?is feel+ results f our contact ) nature4 ,! fl[]s appe> 9 a ?\s& hues1 & ! hills are ( ev]-v>y+ t9ts4 ,:at a b>r5 _w ours w\ld appe>1 7 ! gr\nd1 ! hills1 ! trees & ! fl[]s1 ! sky & ! wat]s all ( "o col\r6 ,=m we %\ld h1 & t 9 its ri*e/ v>iety2 light & %ade we %\ld h1 ) ev]-v>y+ int5sity & *ange2 b col\r w\ld be gone4 ,!re w\ld be no gre5 to *e]1 no blue to soo!1 no r$ to excite2 &1 inde$1 !re w\ld be a deadness1 al?\gh ! _w be full ( life1 s appall+ t we c sc>cely conceive ( x1 & _c feel x4 ,col\r alone seems to h great] *>ms ?an =m alone4 ,a sunset is entranc+ :5 ! sky gl[s ) radiant hues2 ! blue is almo/ lo/ 9 r$1 ! yell[ is z a sea ( transp>5t gold1 & ! :ole pres5ts a v>iety & bl5d+ ( t9ts :i* *>m1 & soo!1 & lull to rev]ie2 & yet all =m is indi/9ct & obscure4 ,if s *>m+ :5 sep>ate f =m1 :at is col\r :5 prop]ly comb9$ ) beautiful %apes8 ,x is difficult1 inde$1 = _m ( ^? = :om ,i write to answ] ?is "q1 ev5 by a m5tal conception1 save by ref]5ce to nature2 = ,i c\ld sc>cely po9t to a s+le build+ 9 ,engl& :i* w\ld be 9 any way a satisfactory illu/ration ( :at may be done by ! comb9ation ( =ms & col\rs4 ,!re is a beauty 9 ,art :i* we 9 ,engl& d n ev5 "k (3 x does n exi/ ar\nd u1 x is little talk$ (1 r>ely ?\ght ab\t1 & nev] se54 ,a decorator is call$ 9 to beautify a h\se1 & yet n "o 9 fifty ( ! s-call$ decorators "k ev5 ! fir/ pr9ciples ( _! art1 & w\ld n believe 7 !y told ( ! p[] ( ! art :i* !y employ4 ,!y place on ! walls a few sickly t9ts--s pale t _! want ( h>mony is n v app>5t4 ,! col\rs ( ! wall become ! col\rs ( ! cornice & ( ! doors1 because !y "k n h[ to produce a h>mony ( hues2 & ! result is a h\se :i* may be clean1 b :i* is 9 e o!r respect an (f5ce aga9/ good ta/e4 ,i d n wond] t p]sons "h 9 ,engl& d n c>e to h _! h\ses decorat$1 nor d ,i wond] at _! n appreciat+ ! decorations :5 !y are done4 ,col\r1 lovely col\r1 ( itself w\ld make our rooms *>m+4 ,!re are few objects to :i* col\r may n be appli$1 & _m articles :i* are n[ col\rless might be col\r$ ) advantage4 ,our reasons = apply+ col\r to objects are tw(old1 & "h1 9 fact1 we see its true use4 #a/4 ,col\r l5ds to objects a new *>m--a *>m :i* !y w\ld n possess if )\t x2 &1 #bnd1 ,col\r assi/s 9 ! sep>ation ( objects & p>ts ( objects1 & ?us gives assi/ance to =m4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! two objects ( col\r4 ,m>k1 fir/1 x is to be/[ on objects a *>m1 su* z !y c\ld n h 9 its abs5ce4 ,9 ! h&s ( ! man ( k x w d s--x w make an object lovely or lovable1 b ! m]e application ( col\r w n d ?is4 ,col\r may be s appli$ to objects z to r5d] !m inf9itely m ugly ?an !y 7 )\t x4 ,i h se5 _m a b[l s col\r$ at our pott]ies z to be mu* less satisfactory :5 col\r$ ?an :5 :ite--! col\r+ hav+ m>r$1 r ?an improv$1 its g5]al effect4 ,"h1 aga91 x is k t we want4 ,k w enable u to transmute base mat]ials into works ( m>vell\s beauty1 wor? _! weight 9 gold4 ,k1 !n1 is ! true philosoph]'s /one2 =1 we may almo/ say1 if possess$ by ! arti/ x does enable him to transmute ! bas] metals into gold4 ,b a little k w n d ?is4 ,9 ord] t we produce true beauty1 we require mu* k1 & ?is c only be got by con/ant & dilig5t lab\r1 z ,i h be=e said2 b ! end to be ga9$ is wor? ! plodd+ toil4 ,believe me1 !re is a pleasure 9 see+ y\r works develop z ?+s ( beauty1 delight+ all :o see !m--n ! illit]ate only1 b also ! educat$ ?9k]--su* z words fail to express4 ,al?\gh !re is no royal road to art-p[]1 & al?\gh ! road is long1 & lies ?r\gh mu* toil & _m difficulties1 yet z y proce$ !re is pleasure 9 feel+ t "o ob/acle aft] ano!r is cle>$ f y\r pa?1 & at ! end !re is inexpressible satisfaction4 ,! second object ( col\r is t ( assi/+ 9 ! sep>ation ( =m4 ,if objects are plac$ ne> to "o ano!r1 & ^! objects are all ( ! same col\r1 ! behold] w h mu* m difficulty 9 see+ ! b\nd>ies or t]m9ations ( ea* ?an he w\ld 7 !y v>i\sly col\r$2 he w\ld h to come ne>] to !m 9 ord] to see ! limits ( ea*1 7 all col\r$ 9 ! same mann]1 ?an he w\ld 7 !y v>i\sly col\r$2 ?us col\r assi/s 9 ! sep>ation ( =m4 ,?is quality :i* col\r has ( sep>at+ =ms is (t5 lo/ sight (1 & mu* confusion !reby results4 ,if x is wor? :ile to produce a decorative =m1 x is wor? :ile to r5d] x visible2 & yet1 h[ mu* ornam5t1 & ev5 good ornam5t1 is lo/ to ! eye ?r\gh n be+ r5d]$ manife/ by col\r6 ,col\r is ! means by :i* we r5d] =m app>5t4 ,col\rs1 :5 plac$ toge!r1 c only please & satisfy ! educat$ :5 comb9$ h>moni\sly1 or accord+ to ! laws ( h>mony4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! laws :i* gov]n ! arrangem5t ( col\rs8 & h[ are !y to be appli$8 ,we %all endeav\r to answ] ^! que/ions by mak+ a s]ies ( /atem5ts 9 axiomatic =m1 & !n we %all enl>ge ^u ^! propositions4 ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations4 #a4 ,reg>d$ f an art po9t ( view1 !re are b ?ree col\rs--i4e41 blue1 r$1 & yell[4 #b4 ,blue1 r$1 & yell[ h be5 t]m$ prim>y col\rs2 !y _c be =m$ by ! admixture ( any o!r col\rs4 #c4 ,all col\rs1 o!r ?an blue1 r$1 & yell[1 result f ! admixture ( ! prim>y col\rs4 #d4 ,by ! admixture ( blue & r$1 purple is =m$2 by ! admixture ( r$ & yell[1 orange is =m$2 & by ! admixture ( yell[ & blue1 gre5 is =m$4 #e4 ,col\rs result+ f ! admixture ( two prim>y col\rs are t]m$ second>y3 h5ce purple1 orange1 & gre5 are second>y col\rs4 #f4 ,by ! admixture ( two second>y col\rs a t]ti>y col\r is =m$3 ?us1 purple & orange produce russet 7! r$ t]ti>y72 orange & gre5 produce citr9e 7! yell[ t]ti>y72 & gre5 & purple1 olive 7! blue t]ti>y72 russet1 citr9e1 & olive are ! ?ree t]ti>y col\rs4 ,,contra/4 #g4 ,:5 a light col\r is juxtapos$ to a d>k col\r1 ! light col\r appe>s light] ?an x is1 & ! d>k col\r d>k]4#aj #aj ,if a d>k grey t9t be mix$ ^u a :ite slab x w appe> d>k 9 contra/ ) ! :ite1 b if a small portion ( ?is same grey is appli$ to black pap] x w appe> almo/ :ite4 #h4 ,:5 col\rs are juxtapos$1 !y become influ5c$ z to _! hue4 ,?us1 :5 r$ & gre5 are plac$ side by side1 ! r$ appe>s r$d] ?an x actually is1 & ! gre5 gre5]2 & :5 blue & black are juxtapos$1 ! blue manife/s b little alt]ation1 :ile ! black assumes an orange t9t or becomes ru/y4 #i4 ,no "o col\r c be view$ by ! eye )\t ano!r be+ creat$4 ,?us1 if r$ is view$1 ! eye creates = itself gre51 & ?is gre5 is ca/ ^u :atev] is ne>4 ,if x views gre51 r$ is 9 l mann] creat$ & ca/ ^u adjac5t objects2 ?us1 if r$ & gre5 are juxtapos$1 ea* creates ! o!r 9 ! eye1 & ! r$ creat$ by ! gre5 is ca/ ^u ! r$1 & ! gre5 creat$ by ! r$ is ca/ ^u ! gre52 & ! r$ & ! gre5 become improv$ by be+ juxtapos$4 ,! eye also dem&s ! pres5ce ( ! ?ree prim>y col\rs1 ei!r 9 _! purity or 9 comb9ation & if ^! are n pres5t1 :atev] is defici5t w be creat$ 9 ! eye1 & ?is induc$ col\r w be ca/ ^u :atev] is ne>4 ,?us1 :5 we view blue1 orange1 :i* is a mixture ( r$ & yell[1 is creat$ 9 ! eye1 & ?is col\r is ca/ ^u :atev] is ne>2 if black is 9 juxtaposition ) ! blue1 ?is orange is ca/ ^u x1 & gives to x an orange t9t1 ?us caus+ x to look ru/y4 #aj4 ,9 l mann]1 if we look ^u r$1 gre5 is =m$ 9 ! eye1 & is ca/ ^u adjac5t col\rs2 or1 if we look ^u yell[1 purple is =m$4 ,,h>mony4 #aa4 ,h>mony results f an agreeable contra/4 #ab4 ,col\rs :i* p]fectly h>monise improve "o ano!r to ! utmo/4 #ac4 ,9 ord] to p]fect h>mony1 ! ?ree col\rs are necess>y1 ei!r 9 _! purity or 9 comb9ation4 #ad4 ,r$ & gre5 comb9e to yield a h>mony4 ,r$ is a prim>y col\r1 & gre51 :i* is a second>y col\r1 consi/s ( blue & yell[--! o!r two prim>y col\rs4 ,blue & orange also produce a h>mony1 & yell[ & purple1 = 9 ea* ease ! ?ree prim>y col\rs are pres5t4 #ae4 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! prim>y col\rs 9 p]fect purity produce exact h>monies 9 ! proportions ( eight p>ts ( blue1 #e ( r$1 & #c ( yell[2 t ! second>y col\rs h>monise 9 ! proportions ( #ac ( purple1 #aa ( gre51 & #h ( orange2 & t ! t]ti>y col\rs h>monise 9 ! proportions ( olive #bd1 russet #ba1 & citr9e #ai4 #af4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 subtleties ( h>mony :i* x is difficult to und]/&4 #ag4 ,! r>e/ h>monies frequ5tly lie close on ! v]ge ( discord4 #ah4 ,h>mony ( col\r is1 9 _m respects1 analog\s to h>mony ( musical s\nds4 ,,qualities ,,( ,,col\rs4 #ai4 ,blue is a cold col\r1 & appe>s to rec$e f ! eye4 #bj4 ,r$ is a w>m col\r1 & is excit+2 x rema9s /ation>y z to di/ance4 #ba4 ,yell[ is ! col\r mo/ ne>ly alli$ to light2 x appe>s to advance t[>ds ! spectator4 #bb4 ,at twilight blue appe>s mu* light] ?an x is1 r$ mu* d>k]1 & yell[ slightly d>k]4 ,by ord9>y gaslight blue becomes d>k]1 r$ bright]1 & yell[ light]4 ,by ?is artificial light a pure yell[ appe>s light] ?an :ite itself1 :5 view$ 9 contra/ ) c]ta9 o!r col\rs4 #bc4 ,by c]ta9 comb9ations col\r may make glad or depress1 convey ! idea ( purity1 ri*ness1 or pov]ty1 or may affect ! m9d 9 any desir$ mann]1 z does music4 ,,tea*+s ,,( ,,exp]i5ce4 #bd4 ,:5 a col\r is plac$ on a gold gr\nd1 x %\ld be outl9$ ) a d>k] %ade ( its own col\r4 #be4 ,:5 a gold ornam5t falls on a col\r$ gr\nd1 x %\ld be outl9$ ) black4 #bf4 ,:5 an ornam5t falls on a gr\nd :i* is 9 direct h>mony ) x1 x mu/ be outl9$ ) a light] t9t ( its own col\r4 ,?us1 :5 a r$ ornam5t falls on a gre5 gr\nd1 ! ornam5t mu/ be outl9$ ) a light] r$4 #bg4 ,:5 ! ornam5t & ! gr\nd are 9 two t9ts ( ! same col\r1 if ! ornam5t is d>k] ?an ! gr\nd1 x w require outl9+ ) a /ill d>k] t9t ( ! same col\r2 b if light] ?an ! gr\nd no outl9e w be requir$4 ,,analytical ,,tables ,,( ,,col\r4 ,:5 comm5c+ my /udies bo? 9 sci5ce & art1 ,i f\nd great advantage f r$uc+ all facts to a tabul> =m s f> z possible1 & ?is mode ( /udy ,i w\ld recomm5d to o!rs4 ,to me ?is me?od appe>s to h great advantages1 = by x we see at a glance :at o!rwise is difficult to und]/&2 if c>efully done1 x becomes an analysis ( "w2 & by prep>+ ^! tabul> arrangem5ts ( facts ! subject becomes impress$ on ! m9d1 & ! relation ( "o fact to ano!r1 or ( "o "p ( a s*eme to ano!r1 is se54 ,! foll[+ analytical tables w illu/rate _m ( ! facts /at$ 9 our propositions4 ,! figures :i* foll[ ! col\rs repres5t ! proportions 9 :i* !y h>monise3-- ,prim>y ,col\rs4 ,second>y ,col\rs4 ,t]ti>y ,col\rs4 ,blue #h ,purple #ac ,olive #bd ,r$ #e ,gre5 #aa ,russet #ba ,yell[ #c ,orange #h ,citr9e #ai ,prim>y ,col\rs4 ,second>y ,col\rs4 ,t]ti>y ,col\rs4 ,r$ #e ,orange #h ,yell[ #c ,citr9e1 or ,yell[ ,t]ti>y #ai ,blue #h ,gre5 #aa ,yell[ #c ,blue #h ,purple #ac ,r$ #e ,russet1 or ,r$ ,t]ti>y #ba ,r$ #e ,orange #h ,yell[ #c ,blue #h ,gre5 #aa ,yell[ #c ,olive1 or ,blue ,t]ti>y #bd ,blue #h ,purple #ac ,r$ #e ,?is latt] table %[s at a glance h[ ea* ( ! second>y & t]ti>y col\rs is =m$1 & ! proportions 9 :i* !y h>monise4 ,x also %[s :y ! ?ree t]ti>y col\rs are call$ respectively ! yell[ t]ti>y1 ! r$ t]ti>y1 & ! blue t]ti>y1 = into ea* t]ti>y two equival5ts#aa ( "o prim>y ent]1 & "o equival5t ( ea* ( ! o!r prim>ies4 ,?us1 9 citr9e we f9d two equival5ts ( yell[1 & "o ea* ( r$ & blue2 h5ce x is ! yell[ t]ti>y4 ,9 russet we f9d two equival5ts ( r$1 & "o ea* ( blue & ( yell[2 & 9 olive two ( blue1 & "o ea* ( r$ & yell[4 ,h5ce !y are respectively ! r$ & blue t]ti>ies4 #aa ,an equival5t ( blue is #h1 ( r$ #e1 ( yell[ #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,figs #bd & #be are diagrams ( h>mony4 ,i h connect$ 9 ! c5tre1 by ?ree simil> l9es1 ! col\rs :i* =m a h>mony2 ?us1 blue1 r$1 & yell[ h>monise :5 plac$ toge!r4 ,purple1 gre51 & orange also h>monise 7,i h connect$ !m by dott$ l9es 9 ! fir/ ( ! two diagrams74 ,b :5 two col\rs are to produce a h>mony1 ! "o w be a prim>y col\r1 & ! o!r a second>y =m$ ( ! o!r two prim>y col\rs 7= ! pres5ce ( ! ?ree prim>y col\rs is necess>y to a h>mony71 or ! "o w be a second>y1 & ! o!r a t]ti>y col\r =m$ ( ! two rema9+ second>y col\rs4 ,su* h>monies ,i h plac$ opposite to ea* o!r2 ?us blue1 a prim>y1 h>monises ) orange1 a second>y2 yell[ ) purple2 & r$ ) gre52 & ! second>y col\r is plac$ betwe5 ! two prim>y col\rs ( :i* x is =m$2 ?us1 orange is =m$ ( r$ & yell[1 betwe5 :i* x /&s2 gre51 ( blue & yell[2 & purple1 ( blue & r$4 ,9 ! second ( ! two diagrams we see t purple1 gre51 & orange produce a h>mony1 s d olive1 russet1 & citr9e4 ,we also see t purple & citr9e h>monise1 & gre5 & russet1 & orange & olive4 ,cont9u+ ?is diagrammatic =m ( illu/ration1 we may set =? ! quantities 9 :i* ! v>i\s col\rs h>monise3 ?us3-- ,blue4 ,r$4 ,yell[4 ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,blue4 ,orange4 ,o ,o ,o ,o h>monises ) ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,r$4 ,gre54 ,o ,o ,o ,o h>monises ) ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,yell[4 ,purple4 ,o ,o ,o h>monises ) ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,purple4 ,citr9e4 ,o ,o ,o ,o h>monises ) ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,gre54 ,russet4 ,o ,o ,o ,o h>monises ) ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,orange4 ,olive4 ,o ,o ,o ,o h>monises ) ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,to ^? :o are ab\t to practise ornam5tation1 x is v important t !y h 9 ! m9d's eye a tol]ably accurate idea ( ! relative quantities ( ! v>i\s col\rs necess>y to h>mony1 ev5 :]e ! col\rs are consid]$ z exi/+ 9 a /ate ( absolute purity4 ,we h r>ely1 h[ev]1 to use ! brighte/ blues1 r$s1 & yell[s :i* pigm5ts furni%1 & ev5 ^! are b poor repres5tatives ( ! pot5t col\rs ( light z se5 9 ! ra9b[1 & ) ! ag5cy ( ! prism2 nev]!less1 a k ( ! quantities 9 :i* ^! pure col\rs h>monise is v desirable4 ,! proportions 9 :i* we h /at$ t col\rs p]fectly h>monise1 & 9 :i* ! prim>y col\rs comb9e to =m ! second>ies1 & ! second>ies ! t]ti>ies1 are giv5 9 respect to ! col\rs ( light1 & n ( pigm5ts or pa9ts1 :i*1 z we h j said1 are m or less base repres5tatives ( ! pure col\rs ( light4 ,yet c]ta9 pigm5ts may1 = our purpose1 be reg>d$ z repres5t+ pure col\rs4 ,?us1 ! pure/ real ultram>9e we w reg>d z blue 7cobalt is r gre51 t is1 x has a little yell[ 9 x1 & ! ,fr5* & ,g]man ultram>9es are g5]ally r purple1 or h a little r$ 9 !m1 yet ! be/ ( ^! latt] is a tol]ably pure col\r71 ! pure/ ,fr5* c>m9e z r$ 7common c>m9e is frequ5tly r crimson1 t is1 has blue 9 x2 v]milion is mu* too yell[71 & lemon-*rome z yell[ 7! *rome select$ mu/ be )\t any gre5 %ade1 & )\t any orange %ade1 h[ev] slight72 & ^! pigm5ts w be f\nd to repres5t ! col\rs ( ! prism z ne>ly z any t c be f\nd4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! le>n] to get a small quantity ( ^! col\rs 9 _! p[d] =m1 sub/itut+ ! be/ pale ,g]man ultram>9e = real ultram>9e1 z ! latt] is ( high price1#ab & to fill ! v>i\s circles ( our diagrams1 :i* repres5t ! prim>y col\rs1 ) ^! pigm5ts1 mix+ !m ) a little dissolv$ gum arabic & wat]--j uffici5t to prev5t ! col\rs f rubb+ (f ! pap]4 ,! second>y col\rs w be fairly repres5t$ by pale-gre5 lake1 (t5 call$ drop-gre51 by orange-*rome--t ( ab\t ! col\r ( a ripe1 r deep-col\r$1 orange-r9d--& ! purple by ! admixture ( pale ,g]man ultram>9e & crimson-lake1 9 ab\t equal proportions1 ) a little :ite to br+ x to ! same dep? z ! gre54 ,i _c "n any pigm5ts :i* w\ld well repres5t ! t]ti>y col\rs4 ,citr9e is ab\t ! col\r ( c&i$ lemon-peel2 olive ab\t ! col\r ( c&i$ citron-peel1 & russet is (t5 se5 on ! sk9 ( c]ta9 apples call$ russet apples1 9 ! =m ( a slight r\ghness2 b ?is russet is 9 _m cases n q suffici5tly r$ to repres5t ! col\r be>+ ! same "n4 ,iron ru/ is r too yell[4 ,?is col\r %\ld be> ! same relation to r$ t ! c&i$ lemon-peel does to yell[4 #ab ,real ultram>9e is sold at ,l#h p] ounce4 ,! be/ imitation1 or ,g]man ultram>9e1 is procurable at any oil-%op at ab\t #cs4 to #ds4 p] p\nd4 ,! be/ c>m9e %\ld be procurable at #fs4 p] ounce1 b arti/s' col\rm5 (t5 *>ge ,l#a #as41 ow+ to ! small dem& = ?is pigm5t4 ,! be/ *rome yell[ 7*rome yell[ is kept 9 _m %ades7 is ab\t #as4 #f;d4 p] p\nd4 ,if ! /ud5t w try c>efully to realise ^! col\rs1 & w fill up ! circles 9 our diagrams ) !m1 he w !reby be mu* assi/$ 9 8 /udies2 b x w be /ill bett] if he prep>e fre% diagrams on a l>g] scale1 & use squ>es in/ead ( circles4 ,i %\ld recomm5d1 & t ,i d /rongly1 t ! /ud5t "w out all ! diagrams :i* ,i h sugge/$ on a tol]ably l>ge scale1 us+ ! col\rs :]e ,i h us$ words4 ,i %\ld also advise him to d an ornam5t1 say 9 r$ on a gold gr\nd1 & outl9e ?is r$ ornam5t ) a deep] r$2 to d a gold ornam5t on a col\r$ gr\nd1 & outl9e x ) black2 & inde$ to c>efully "w out an ornam5tal illu/ration ( our propositions1 ,nos4 #bd1 #be1 #bf1 & #bg1 & to keep ^! be=e him till he is s impress$ by !m z to feel ! pr9ciple :i* !y set =?4 ,?is %\ld be done on a l>ge scale 9 all our design+-rooms & art-work%ops4 ,z we %all h to ref] to col\rs by nam+ pigm5ts1 & z ,i am con/antly ask$ :at pigm5ts ,i employ1 ,i %all enum]ate ! pa9ts 9 my col\r-box2 b ,i %all place a dagg] aga9/ ^? :i* ,i h 9 my private box1 & :i* ,i d n supply 9 my (fices2 b ^! ,i seldom use4 ,( yell[s ,i h #adk+'s yell[ 7n a p]man5t col\r71 #adv pale *rome1 lemon-*rome 7ab\t ! col\r ( a ripe lemon71 middle-*rome 7half-way betwe5 ! lemon & orange-*rome71 orange-*rome 7ab\t ! col\r ( ! r9d ( a ripe orange71 #adyell[-lake1 #ad;,indian yell[4 ,( r$s--v]milion1 c>m9e1 crimson-lake4 ,( blues--#ad;cobalt1 ,g]man ultram>9e1 bo? deep & pale1 ,antw]p blue1 indigo4 ,( gre5s--em]ald1 gre5-lake1 pale & deep4 ,( br[ns--raw ,turkey umb]1 v&yke1 ,v5etian r$1 purple-br[n1 br[n-lake4 ,besides ^! ,i h :at is call$ cele/ial blue1 :i* is a v pure & int5se turquoise1 vegetable black1 flake :ite1 & gold bronze4#ac #ac ,"s ( ^! col\rs are n ( a p]man5t "* & c\ld n be us$ 9 "w int5d$ to be la/+4 ,i use !m = patt]ns = our manufactures1 :]e :5 ! draw+ is once copi$ 9 a fabric x is de/roy$4 ,"s ( ! brighte/ col\rs are un=tunately ! mo/ fleet+4 ,!re are c]ta9 facts connect$ ) ! mix+ ( col\rs :i* mu/ nev] be lo/ sight (2 ?us1 :ile ! col\rs ( light co-m+le )\t any det]ioration1 or loss ( brilliancy1 pigm5ts or pa9ts w n d s1 b by admixture t5d to de/roy "o ano!r4 ,?is takes place only to a small ext5t :5 b two prim>y col\rs are comb9$2 b if any ( ! ?ird prim>y ent]s into ! composition ( a t9t1 a decid$ det]ioration1 or loss ( int5sity1 occurs4 ,= ?is reason we employ _m pigm5ts1 s z to avoid z f> z possible ! mix+ ( col\rs4 ,b !re is ano!r reason :y ! great admixture ( col\rs is undesirable4 ,col\rs are *emical ag5ts1 & 9 "s cases ! v>i\s pigm5ts act *emically on "o ano!r4 ,( all col\rs yell[s suff] mo/ by admixture ) o!r col\rs3 b ?is is acc\nt$ = by _! delicacy & purity4 ,= ?is reason ,i use a great] v>iety ( yell[ pigm5ts ?an ( r$ or blue4#ad #ad ,( all m$iums 9 :i* col\rs c be mix$1 p>aff9e is ! safe/2 x is )\t *emical aff9ities1 & is !re=e well calculat$ to pres]ve pigm5ts 9 _! orig9al condition4 ,7 x possible to procure ?ree pigm5ts devoid ( *emical aff9ities1 & ea* ( ! same physical con/itution1 z ( equal degrees ( transp>5cy or opacity1 "o truly repres5t+ ! blue ( light1 ano!r ! r$1 & ano!r ! yell[1 we %\ld ne$ no o!rs1 = ( ^! we c\ld =m all o!r col\rs2 b z no pigm5ts come ev5 ne> to ! fulfilm5t ( ^! conditions1 we h to employ r\ndab\t & clumsy me?ods ( arriv+ at desir$ results4 ,!re is "o /atem5t :i* ,i h made t1 p]haps1 ne$s a little elucidation1 al?\gh ! c>eful /ud5t may h se5 ! reason ( my ass]tion4 ,i said t purple h>monis$ ) citr9e1 gre5 ) russet1 & orange ) olive4 ,i might h express$ x 7& _m w\ld h done s7 ?us3--,! complem5t ( citr9e is purple1 ! complem5t ( russet is gre51 & ! complem5t ( olive is orange4 ,a col\r :i* is complem5t>y to any o!r is t :i*1 ) x1 completes ! pres5ce ( ! ?ree prim>y col\rs3 ?us gre5 is ! complem5t ( r$1 & r$ ( gre51 = ea*1 toge!r ) ! col\r to :i* x is ! complem5t1 completes ! pres5ce ( ! ?ree col\rs4 ,b 9 ord] to a h>mony1 ! complem5t mu/ be made up 9 c]ta9 proportions4 ,let u n[ ref] to our second diagrammatic table1 & we !re see t citr9e is =m$ ( two equival5ts ( yell[ & only "o equival5t ( r$ & ( blue4 ,n[1 9 ord] to a h>mony1 ea* prim>y %\ld be pres5t 9 two equival5ts1 z "o is pres5t 9 ?is quantity--i4e41 ! yell[4 ,"o equival5t ( blue & "o ( r$ 7bo? ( :i* are want+ 9 ! citr9e7 =m purple2 h5ce purple is ! complem5t ( citr9e1 or ! col\r t ) x produces a h>mony4 ,9 russet "o equival5t ( blue & "o ( yell[ are want+1 & ^! 9 comb9ation are gre5--gre51 !n1 is ! complem5t ( russet4 ,& 9 olive "o equival5t ( r$ & "o ( yell[ are want+--r$ & yell[ =m orange1 h5ce orange is ! complem5t ( olive4 ,i h spok5 ( all col\rs z ( full int5sity & purity1 b we h to deal also ) o!r conditions4 ,all col\rs may be d>k5$ by black1 :5 %ades are produc$2 or r$uc$ by :ite1 :5 t9ts are produc$4 ,besides ^! alt]ations 9 int5sity1 a portion ( "o col\r may be add$ to ano!r4 ,?us1 if a small portion ( blue be m+l$ ) r$1 ! r$ becomes a crimson or blue-r$2 or if a small portion ( yell[ be add$ to ! r$1 ! latt] becomes a sc>let or yell[-r$4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 yell[ is 9 excess 9 a gre51 we h a yell[-gre52 or :5 blue is 9 excess1 a blue-gre52 & s ) ! o!r col\rs4 ,su* alt]ations produce hues ( col\r4 ,we n[ come to ! subtleties ( h>mony4 ,?us1 if we h a yell[-r$ or sc>let--a r$ ) yell[ 9 x--! gre5 t w h>monise ) x w be a blue-gre52 or if we h a blue-r$ or crimson--a r$ ) blue 9 x--! gre5 t w h>monise ) x w be a yell[-gre54 ,?is is obvi\s1 = ! foll[+ reasons3--,let u suppose a r$ repres5t$ by ! equival5t numb]1 five1 ) "o "p ( blue add$ to x1 ?us caus+ x to be a blue-r$ or crimson4 ,7 ! r$ pure1 !re %\ld be elev5 p>ts ( gre5 z a complem5t to ! five ( r$1 ( :i* gre5 eight p>ts w\ld be blue & ?ree yell[2 b ! blue-r$ occurs 9 six p>ts1 "o ( :i* is blue--!re are1 !n1 b sev5 p>ts ( blue rema9+ 9 ! equival5t quantity to comb9e ) ! ?ree ( yell[1 "o be+ already us$2 h5ce ! gre5 =m$ is a yell[-gre51 "o ( ! equival5ts ( blue necess>y to ! =mation ( a true gre5 be+ already 9 comb9ation ) ! r$1 & ?us abs5t f ! gre54 ,! same reason+ w apply to ! sc>let-r$ & blue-gre51 &1 inde$1 to all simil> cases2 b to take ! case ( ! crimson-r$ & yell[-gre51 z j giv51 & c>ry x a /age fur!r1 we might add two p>ts 7out ( ! eight7 ( blue to ! r$1 & make x m blue1 & !n =m ! complem5t>y gre5 ( six p>ts ( blue & ?ree ( yell[1 & ?us make x m yell[4 ,or we may g fur!r /ill1 & add to ! r$ six ( ! eight p>ts ( blue1 :5 ! admixture w\ld appe> z a r$-purple r ?an z a blue-r$1 9 :i* case ! complem5t>y gre5--or1 r1 gre5-yell[--w\ld consi/ ( two p>ts ( blue & ?ree ( yell[4 ,^! facts are diagrammatically express$ 9 ! foll[+3-- ,r$ ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,yell[ ,o ,o ,o ,yell[ ,crimson h>monises ) ,blue ,o ,gre5 ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,blue ,or1 ,r$ ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,blue ,v ,o ,o ,o ,yell[ h>monises ) ,yell[ ,blue ,o ,o ,crimson ,gre5 ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,blue ,or1 ,r$4 ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,r$ ,gre5 ,o ,o ,o ,yell[ h>monises ) ,blue4 ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,o ,purple ,yell[ ,o ,o ,blue ,9 all ^! cases x w be se5 t we h eight p>ts ( blue1 five ( r$1 & ?ree ( yell[1 only ! mode ( comb9ation v>ies4 ,?is v>iation may occur to any ext5t1 provid$ ! totals ( ea* be always ! equival5t proportions4 ,^! rem>ks w apply equally to hues ( col\r1 %ades1 & t9ts1 & to %ades & t9ts ( hues4 ,c>e1 & a little practice1 w enable ! le>n] to arrange col\rs into a numb] ( degrees ( dep?1 or %ades1 z !y are g5]ally call$4 7,we d n "h use ! t]m z signify+ pure col\rs d>k5$ ) black47 ,t5 %ades ( ea* col\r diff]+ obvi\sly 9 degree ( dep? c readily be arrang$ by ! exp]i5c$1 ! t5 %ades be+ equidi/ant f ea* o!r z reg>ds dep?--t is1 %ade #c w be z mu* d>k] ?an %ade #b z %ade #b is d>k] ?an %ade #a1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,purple is a col\r int]m$iate betwe5 blue & r$4 ,imag9e t5 hues betwe5 ! purple & ! r$1 & t5 m betwe5 ! purple & ! blue3 ?us we %\ld h purple1 !n a slightly r$ purple1 !n a r r$d] purple1 !n a purple /ill r$d]1 & s on till we get purple-r$s1 & f9ally ! pure r$2 & ! same v>iations ( hue at ! blue side also4 ,imag9e1 fur!r1 ! gre5 hav+ t5 hues ext5d+ t[>ds ! blue1 & t5 m /ret*+ t[>ds ! yell[2 & ! orange hav+ t5 hues t[>ds ! r$1 & t5 t[>ds ! yell[--9 all cases ,i c\nt ! col\r f :i* we />t z "o ( ! t51 ?us3-- ,blue ,purple ,r$ #j #i #h #g #f #e #d #c #b #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j --& we %all h #ed col\rs & hues ( col\r4 ,( ea* ( ^! #ed col\rs & hues imag9e #aj degrees ( dep?1 & we get #edj col\rs1 hues1 t9ts1 & %ades1 all diff]+ f "o ano!r to an obvi\s degree4 ,m>k ?is fact1 t any col\r1 t9t1 hue1 or %ade ( su* a diagram has its complem5t 9 "o o!r ( ! col\rs1 t9ts1 hues1 or %ades ( ! diagram1 & t only two ( ?is s]ies ( #edj are complem5t>y to ea* o!r2 ?us1 if y fix on any "o col\r ( ! #edj1 !re is b "o col\r 9 ! :ole t is complem5t>y to x1 & x is complem5t>y to b ?is "o o!r col\r4 ,! /ud5t w d well to try & make a col\r-diagram ( ?is k9d1 ( a simple "*1 say su* z ! foll[+1 only us+ pigm5ts = my numb]s2 b 9 do+ s he mu/ ex]cise ! utmo/ c>e1 9 ord] t he secure "s degree ( accuracy ( t9t or %ade1 & if he c call to 8 aid an exp]i5c$ col\ri/ x w be ( great assi/ance to him4 ,illu/ration ,?is table is highly valuable1 z x gives n9ety h>monies1 if c>efully prep>$ 9 col\r2 & ! prep>ation ( su* a table is ! v be/ practice t a /ud5t c possibly h4 ,let u = a mom5t consid] ?is table1 & suppose t we want to f9d ! complem5t to "s p>ticul> col\r1 z ! ?ird %ade ( r$4 ,we f9d ! complem5t ( ?is 9 ! ?ird %ade ( gre5 opposite4 ,if we want ! complem5t ( ! second %ade ( orange-yell[1 we f9d x 9 ! second %ade ( blue-purple opposite1 & s on4 ,?us we h a means ( at once judg+ ( ! h>mony ( col\rs4 ,x mu/ ev] be borne 9 m9d t pigm5ts mix$ 9 ! proportions giv5 w n yield results su* z w\ld occur :5 ! col\r$ rays ( light are comb9$2 ?us ?ree p>ts1 ei!r by weight or measure1 ( *rome yell[ :5 comb9$ ) eight p>ts ( ultram>9e w\ld n =m a col\r repres5t+ ! second>y gre51 nor w\ld ! result be m satisfactory 7 o!r pigm5ts comb9$ 9 ! proportions giv54 ,:at we h said 9 respect to ! proportions 9 :i* col\rs comb9e to =m new col\rs applies only to ! col\r$ rays ( light4 ,x mu/ n[ be notic$ t :ile col\rs h>monise 9 ! proportions /at$1 ! areas occupi$ by ! diff]5t col\rs may v>y if !re be a correspond+ alt]ation 9 int5sity4 ,?us eight ( blue & eight ( orange =m a p]fect h>mony :5 bo? col\rs are ( prismatic int5sity2 b we %all /ill h a p]fect h>mony if ! orange is dilut$ to "o-half its /r5g? ) :ite1 & ?us =m$ into a t9t1 provid$ !re be sixte5 p>ts ( ?is orange ( half /r5g? to ! eight p>ts ( blue ( full /r5g?4 ,! orange might be fur!r dilut$ to "o-?ird ( its full p[]1 b !n tw5ty-f\r p>ts w\ld be necess>y to a p]fect h>mony ) eight p>ts ( prismatic blue2 or to "o-f\r? ( its /r5g?1 :5 ?irty-two p>ts w\ld be necess>y to ! h>mony4 ,x is n desirable t ,i occupy space ) diagrams ( ^! quantities1 b ! indu/ri\s /ud5t w prep>e !m = himself1 & w /rive to realise a true half-t9t1 qu>t]-t9t1 etc41 :i* is n a v easy ?+ to d4 ,by practice1 h[ev]1 x w readily be accompli%$1 & any?+ a*iev$ is a new p[] ga9$4 ,:at ,i h said respect+ ! h>mony ( blue ) t9ts ( orange w apply 9 all simil> cases4 ,?us r$ w h>monise ) t9ts ( gre51 provid$ ! area ( ! t9t be increas$ z ! int5sity is decreas$2 & s w yell[ h>monise ) t9ts ( purple "u simil> conditions4 ,b we may rev]se ! conditions1 & l[] ! prim>y to a t9t reta9+ ! second>y 9 its int5sity4 ,?us blue1 if r$uc$ to a half-t9t1 w h>monise ) orange ( prismatic int5sity 9 ! proportion ( sixte5 ( blue to eight ( orange2 or1 if r$uc$ to a qu>t]-t9t1 9 ! proportion o,l ?irty-two ( blue to eight ( orange4 ,r$1 if r$uc$ to a half-t9t1 w h>monise 9 ! proportion ( t5 r$ to elev5 ( gre52 & yell[ z a half-t9t 9 ! proportion ( six yell[ to ?irte5 ( purple4 ,! same rem>ks might be made respect+ ! h>mony ( %ades ( col\r ) col\rs ( prismatic int5sity4 ,?us1 if orange is dilut$ to a %ade ( half int5sity ) black1 x w h>monise ) pure blue 9 ! proportion ( sixte5 ( orange to eight ( blue1 & s on1 j z 9 ! case ( t9ts2 & ?is pr9ciple applies to ! h>mony ( all hues ( col\r also4 ,to g "o /ep fur!r3 we sc>cely ev] deal ) pure col\rs or _! %ades or t9ts1 or ev5 come z ne> !m z we c4 ,) great int5sity ( col\r we seem to require an e!real "*1 su* z we h 9 ^? ( light2 b our pigm5ts are co>se & e>?y--!y are too real-look+1 & are n e!real--!y may be said to be corporeal r ?an spiritual 9 "*4 ,= ?is reason we h to avoid ! use ( our pure/ pigm5ts 9 su* quantities z r5d] _! pov]ty ( nature manife/1 & to use = l>ge surfaces su* t9ts z1 ?r\gh _! subtlety ( composition1 int]e/ & please4 ,a t9t ! composition ( :i* is n app>5t is always pref]able to "o ( m obvi\s =mation4 ,?us we are l$ to use t9ts :i* are subtly =m$1 & su* z please by _! newness & bewild] by ! intricacy ( =mation4 ,to d :at ,i "h mean x is n necess>y t _m pigm5ts be mix$ toge!r 9 ord] to ! =mation ( a t9t4 ,! effect ( :i* ,i speak c frequ5tly be got by two well-*os5 pigm5ts4 ,?us a f9e s]ies ( l[-ton$ %ades c be produc$ by mix+ toge!r middle-*rome & br[n-lake 9 v>i\s proportions1 & 9 all ( ! %ades ?us =m$ ! ?ree prim>y col\rs w be repres5t$1 b 9 "s yell[ w pr$om9ate1 & 9 o!rs r$2 :ile 9 _m x w n be easy to discov] to :at proportionate ext5t ! ?ree prim>y col\rs are pres5t4 ,let u suppose t we make a t9t by add+ :ite to cobalt blue4 ,?is blue conta9s a small am\nt ( yell[1 & is a slightly gre5 blue4 ,b to ?is t9t we add a small am\nt ( raw umb] ) ! view ( imp>t+ a greyness#ae or atmosph]ic "*4 ,raw umb] is a neutral col\r1 lean+ slightly to yell[--t is1 x consi/s ( r$1 blue1 & yell[1 ) a slight excess ( ! latt]4 ,9 ord] t an orange h>monise ) ?is grey-blue ( a slightly yell[ tone1 ! orange mu/ be slightly incl9$ to r$1 s z to =m ! complem5t ( ! little gre5 =m$ by ! yell[ 9 ! blue4 ,x may h>monise ) ! grey-blue z a pure t9t if ! area ( ! dilut$ & neutralis$ prim>y is suffici5tly ext5d$1 or may itself be likewise r$uc$ to a t9t ( ! same dep?1 :5 bo? t9ts w\ld h ! same area4 #ae ,cobalt1 raw umb]1 & :ite make a magnific5t grey1 bo? 9 oil-col\rs1 9 temp]a 7p[d]-col\rs mix$ ) gum-wat]71 & 9 di/emp] 7p[d]-col\rs mix$ ) size74 ,i might g on multiply+ cases ( ?is "* to almo/ any ext5t1 b ^! ,i leave ! /ud5t to "w out = himself1 & pass to notice t :ile x is desirable to use subtle t9ts 7(t5 call$ brok5 t9ts7 x is r>ely exp$i5t to make up ! full h>mony by a l>ge area ( a t]ti>y tone & a s+le positive col\r4 ,?us1 we might h a %ade or a t9t ( citr9e spread+ ov] a l>ge surface z a gr\nd on :i* we wi%$ to place a figure4 ,?is figure w\ld h>monise 9 pure purple 7 x ( a c]ta9 size1 & yet if ?us col\r$ x w\ld give a some:at common-place effect :5 f9i%$1 = ! h>mony w\ld be too simple & obvi\s4 ,x w\ld be mu* bett] to h ! n9ete5 p>ts ( citr9e r$uc$1 say1 to half int5sity1 :5 ! area w\ld be increas$ to ?irty-eight1 ) ! figure ( eight p>ts ( blue & five ( r$1 ?an ( ?irte5 p>ts ( purple4 ,b x w\ld be bett] /ill if !re 7 ! ?irty-eight p>ts ( r$uc$ citr9e1 ?ree p>ts ( pure yell[1 ?irte5 ( purple1 five ( r$1 & eight ( blue1 toge!r ) :ite1 black1 or gold1 or all ?ree 7^! may be add$ )\t alt]+ ! conditions1 z all act z neutrals71 = "h ! h>mony is ( a m subtle "*4 ,if we c\nt up ! equival5ts ( ! col\rs employ$ 9 ?is s*eme ( h>mony1 we %all see t we h1 9 ! citr9e-- ,yell[ #f 7two equival5ts74 ,blue #h 7"o equival5t74 ,r$ #e 7"o equival5t74 ,9 ! purple-- ,blue #h 7"o equival5t74 ,r$ #e 7"o equival5t74 ,( ! pure col\rs-- ,yell[ #c 7"o equival5t74 ,r$ #e 7"o equival5t74 ,blue #h 7"o equival5t74 ,?us we h ?ree equival5ts ( ea* prim>y1 :i* give a p]fect h>mony4 ,i mu/ n say m respect+ ! laws ( h>mony1 = 9 ! space ( a small "w x is impossible to d s1 b proce$ to notice c]ta9 effects or prop]ties ( col\rs1 :i* ,i h z yet only allud$ to1 or h pass$ altoge!r unnotic$4 ,i h said t black1 :ite1 & gold are neutral z reg>ds col\r4 ,?is is ! case1 al?\gh _m w\ld suppose t gold 0 a yell[4 ,gold w act z a yell[1 b x is g5]ally employ$ z a neutral 9 decorative "w1 & x is m ( a neutral ?an a yell[1 = bo? r$ & blue exi/ l>gely 9 x4 ,! pictorial arti/ frames 8 picture ) gold because x1 be+ a neutral1 does n int]f]e ) ! t9ts ( 8 "w4 ,x has ! fur!r advantage ( be+ ri* & co/ly 9 appe>ance1 & ?us ( giv+ an impression ( wor? :]e x exi/s4 ,black1 :ite1 & gold1 be+ neutral1 may be advantage\sly employ$ to sep>ate col\rs :]e sep>ation is necess>y or desirable4 ,yell[ & purple h>monise1 b yell[ is a light col\r & purple is d>k4 ,^! col\rs n only h>monise1 b also contra/ z to dep?1 ! "o be+ light & ! o!r d>k4 ,! limit ( ea* col\r1 :]ev] ^! are us$ 9 juxtaposition1 is !re=e obvi\s4 ,x is n s ) r$ & gre51 = ^! h>monise :5 ( ! same dep?4 ,?is be+ ! case1 & r$ be+ a gl[+ col\r1 if a r$ object is plac$ on a gre5 gr\nd1 or a gre5 object on a r$ gr\nd1 ! figure & gr\nd w appe> to swim toge!r1 & w produce a dazzl+ effect4 ,col\r mu/ assi/ =m1 & n confuse x4 ,x w d ?is 9 ! in/ance j nam$ if ! figure is outl9$ ) black1 :ite1 or gold1 & !re w be no loss ( h>mony4 ,b exp]i5ce has %[n t ?is effect c also be av]t$ by outl9+ ! figure ) a light] t9t ( its own col\r4 ,?us1 if ! figure is r$ & ! gr\nd gre51 an outl9e ( light] r$ 7p9k7 may be employ$4 7,see ,proposition #bf1 page #cd47 ,a blue figure on a r$ gr\nd 7z ultram>9e on c>m9e71 or a r$ figure on a blue gr\nd1 w also produce ?is swimm+ & unsatisfactory effect1 b ?is is aga9 obviat$ by an outl9e ( black1 :ite1 or gold4 ,employ+ ! outl9e ?us mu/ n be reg>d$ z a means ( m]ely r5d]+ :at 0 actually unpleasant endurable1 = x does mu* m--x af=ds "o ( ! ri*e/ means ( effect4 ,a c>m9e gr\nd well cov]$ ) bold gre5 ornam5t hav+ a gold outl9e is1 if well manag$1 truly gorge\s2 & 7 ! figure blue on ! r$ gr\nd1 ! lavi% use ( gold w\ld r5d] ! employm5t ( yell[ unnecess>y z ! yell[ =m$ 9 ! eye & ca/ ^u ! gold w\ld satisfy all requirem5ts4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! eye w create any col\r ( :i* !re is a defici5cy4 ,?is x w d1 b ! col\r s creat$ is ( little use to ! composition unless :ite or gold is pres5t2 if1 h[ev]1 !re be :ite or gold 9 ! composition1 ! col\r :i* is abs5t1 or is insuffici5tly repres5t$1 w be =m$ 9 ! eye & ca/ ^u ^! neutrals1 & ! :ite or ! gold1 z ! case may be1 w assume ! t9t ( ! defici5t or abs5t col\r4 7,see ,propositions #h & #i1 page #cb47 ,:ile ?is occurs 7& sometimes x occurs to a m>k$ degree1 z c be %[n by exp]im5t71 x mu/ n be suppos$ t a composition 9 :i* any elem5t is want+ is z p]fect z "o :i* reveals no want4 ,x is f> o!rwise2 only ,nature "h comes to our assi/ance1 & is cont5t to help h]self r ?an endure our %ort-com+s2 b 9 ! "o case we give ,nature ! lab\r ( complet+ ! h>mony2 :ile 9 ! o!r1 all be+ prep>$1 we receive a s5se ( satisfaction & repose4 ,9 ,proposition #h we %[$ t :5 blue & black are juxtapos$1 ! black becomes ru/y1 or assumes an orange t9t2 & 9 ,proposition #i we gave ! cause ( ?is effect4 ,let a blue spot be plac$ on a black silk necktie1 & h[ev] black ! silk1 x w yet appe> ru/y4 ,?is is a fact2 b we sometimes desire to employ blue on black1 & wi% ! black to look black1 & n an orange-black4 ,h[ c we d ?is8 ,obvi\sly by sub/itut+ = ! black a v d>k blue1 z indigo4 ,! bright blue spot induces orange 7! complem5t ( blue7 9 ! eye4 ,?is orange1 :5 ca/ ^u black1 causes ! latt] to look ru/y2 b if we place 9 ! black an am\nt ( blue suffici5t to neutralise ! orange ca/ ^u x1 ! effect w be t ( a jet-black4 ,we h n[ consid]$ ^? qualities ( col\r1 & ^? laws ( contra/ & h>mony1 :i* may be said to be ( ! gross] sort2 b we h sc>cely t\*$ on ^? consid]ations :i* p]ta9 to special ref9em5t or t5d]ness ( effect4 ,b let me close ! "p ( my subject ( :i* ,i h treat$1 by repeat+ a /atem5t already made--a /atem5t1 let me say1 :i* fir/ l$ me to p]ceive really h>mony ( col\r--t ^? col\rs1 & ^? p>ticul> hues ( col\r1 :i* improve ea* o!r to ! utmo/1 are ^? :i* p]fectly h>monise4 7,consid] ?is /atem5t 9 connection ) ,propositions #h1 #i1 #aj1 & #ad1 pages #cb & #cc47 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come n[ to consid] delicacies & ref9em5ts 9 col\r effects1 :i*1 al?\gh dep5d5t ^u ! skilful ex]cise ( ! laws enunciat$1 are yet ( a "*1 ! p[] to produce :i* only results f ! consid]ation ( ! works ( ! ma/]s ( great art-nations2 b ( ^! effects ,i c say little beyond po9t+ out :at %\ld be /udi$4 ,?is pr9ciple h[ev] ,i _c pass )\t notice--namely1 t ! f9e/ col\r effects are ^? ( a ri*1 m+l$1 bloomy "*4 ,imag9e a luxuriant g>d51 ! b$s 9 :i* are fill$ ) a ?\s& fl[]s1 hav+ all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[1 & imag9e ^! arrang$ z closely toge!r z w p]mit ( _! gr[?4 ,:5 view$ f a di/ance ! effect is s(t & ri*1 & full & v>i$1 & is all t is pleasant4 ,?is is ,nature's col\r+4 ,x is our "w humbly to /rive at produc+ l beauty ) h]4 ,?is leads me to notice t prim>y col\rs 7& second>y col\rs1 also1 :5 ( great int5sity7 %\ld be us$ *iefly 9 small masses1 toge!r ) gold1 :ite1 or black4 ,visit ! ,indian ,museum at ,:itehall1#af & consid] ! beautiful ,indian %awls & sc>ves & table-cov]s2 or1 if unable to d s1 look 9 ! w9d[s ( our l>ge drap]s 9 ! *ief t[ns1 & see ! true ,indian fabrics1#ag & obs]ve ! mann] 9 :i* small portions ( int5se r$s1 blues1 yell[s1 gre5s1 & a score ( t]ti>y t9ts1 are comb9$ ) :ite & black & gold to produce a v miracle ( bloom4 ,i "k ( no?+ 9 ! way ( col\r comb9ation s ri*1 s beautiful1 s gorge\s1 & yet s s(t1 z "s ( ^! ,indian %awls4 #af ,?is museum is op5 free to ! public4 #ag ,^! w only be se5 9 v fir/-class %ops4 ,x is curi\s t we nev] f9d a purely ,indian "w o!rwise ?an 9 good ta/e z reg>ds col\r h>mony4 ,indian works1 9 ?is respect--:e!r c>pets1 or %awls1 or dress mat]ials1 or lacqu]$ boxes1 or enamell$ weapons--are almo/ p]fect--p]fect 9 h>mony1 p]fect 9 ri*ness1 p]fect 9 ! s(tness ( _! g5]al effect4 ,h[ /rangely ^! works contra/ ) ours1 :]e an h>moni\s "w 9 col\rs is sc>cely ev] se54 ,by ! co-m+l+ 7n co-mix+7 ( col\rs 9 ! mann] j describ$1 a ri* & bloomy effect c be got1 hav+ ! g5]al tone ( a t]ti>y col\r ( any desir$ hue4 ,?us1 if a wall be cov]$ ) little ornam5tal fl[]ets1 by col\r+ all alike1 & lett+ ea* conta9 two p>ts ( yell[ & "o "p ( blue & "o ( r$1 z sep>ate & pure col\rs1 ! di/ant hue w be t ( citr9e3 ! same effect w result if ! fl[]s are col\r$ v>i\sly1 :ile ! same proportions ( ! prim>ies are pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,i c conceive ( no decorative effects m subtle1 ri*1 & lovely ?an ^? ( :i* ,i n[ speak4 ,imag9e ?ree rooms1 all connect$ by op5 ar*ways1 & all decorat$ ) a ?\s& fl[]-l ornam5ts1 & ^! s col\r$1 9 ?is m+l$ mann]1 t 9 "o room blue pr$om9ates1 9 ano!r r$1 & 9 ano!r yell[2 we %\ld !n h a beautiful t]ti>y bloom 9 ea*--a subtle m+l+ ( col\r1 an exquisite delicacy & ref9em5t ( treatm5t1 a fulness su* z always results f a ri* m+l+ ( hues1 & an am\nt ( detail :i* w\ld int]e/ :5 closely inspect$2 besides :i*1 we %\ld h ! h>mony ( ! g5]al effect ( ! ?ree rooms1 ! "o appe>+ z olive1 ano!r z citr9e1 & ! o!r z russet4 ,?is mode ( decoration has ?is advantage1 t x n only gives ri*ness & beauty1 b x also gives purity4 ,if pigm5ts are mix$ toge!r !y are !reby r$uc$ 9 int5sity1 z we h already se52 b if plac$ side by side1 :5 view$ f a di/ance ! eye w mix !m1 b !y w suff] no dim9ution ( brilliancy4 ,) ! view ( cultivat+ ! eye1 ,ea/]n works _c be too c>efully /udi$4 ,! ,indian ,museum %\ld be ! home ( all :o c avail !mselves ( ! opportunity ( /udy :i* x af=ds2 & ! small ,indian dep>tm5t ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum %\ld n be neglect$1 small ?\gh x is4#ah ,*9ese works mu/ also be consid]$1 = !y likewise supply mo/ valuable examples ( col\r h>mony2 & al?\gh !y d n pres5t su* a p]fect col\r bloom z d ! works ( ,india1 yet !y are nev] inh>moni\s1 & give cle>ness & %>pness1 toge!r ) great brilliancy1 9 a mann] n attempt$ by ! ,indians4 #ah ,x may n be g5]ally kn[n1 b ne>ly all our l>ge manufactur+ t[ns h1 9 connection ) ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 a collection ( ,indian fabrics1 fill+ sev]al l>ge volumes1 :i* 7 prep>$1 at ! exp5se ( ,gov]nm5t1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,dr4 ,=bes ,watson1 & :i* 7 giv5 to ! v>i\s t[ns on ! condition t !y be accessible to all p]sons :o are tru/wor?y4 ,al?\gh ^! collections d n embrace ! co/ly decorat$ fabrics1 yet mu* c be le>n$ f !m1 & ! comb9ations ( col\r are always h>moni\s4 ,a mu* l>g] collection is n[ 9 c\rse ( =mation4 ,! be/ works ( ,*9ese embroid]y are r>ely se5 9 ?is c\ntry2 b ^! are unsurpass$ by ! productions ( any o!r p4 ,= ri*ness1 spl5d\r1 & purity ( col\r1 toge!r ) a delici\s coolness1 ,i "k ( no?+ to equal !m4 ,! works ( ! ,japanese are n to be ov]look$1 = 9 c]ta9 bran*es ( art !y are inimitable1 & z col\ri/s !y are almo/ p]fect4 ,on ! commone/ ( _! lacqu] trays we g5]ally h a bit ( good col\r+1 & _! col\r$ pictures are sometimes m>vels ( h>mony4 ,z to ! /yles ( col\r+ adopt$ by ! nations ref]r$ to1 ,i %\ld say t ! ,indians produce ri*1 m+l$1 bloomy1 w>m effects--t is1 effects 9 :i* r$ & yell[ prevail2 t ! ,*9ese a*ieve cle>ness1 repose1 & coolness--a =m ( col\r+ 9 :i* blue & :ite prevail2 & t ! ,japanese effects are w>m1 simple1 & quiet4 ,besides /udy+ ! works ( ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan1 /udy ^? also ( ,turkey & ,morocco1 & ev5 ^? ( ,alg]ia1 = "h ! col\r+ is mu* bett] ?an ) u1 al?\gh n s good z 9 ! c\ntries fir/ nam$4 ,no aid to progress mu/ be neglect$1 & no help mu/ be despis$4#ai #ai ,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum has a v int]e/+ collection ( art-works f ,*9a & ,japan2 b ! latt] are *iefly l5t4 ,x is a /range ?+ t ! p]fect works ( ! ,ea/ are s poorly illu/rat$ 9 ?is national collection1 :ile co/ly1 yea1 v co/ly works ( inf]ior "*1 illu/rative ( ,r5aissance art1 sw>m z ?ickly z flies 9 ,augu/4 ,?is c only be acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ! heads ( ! in/itution h a feel+ = pictorial r ?an decorative art1 & ! ,r5aissance ornam5t is t :i* has mo/ ( ! pictorial elem5t4 ,to me1 ! /yle appe>s to owe its v weakness to ?is fact1 = decorative art %\ld be :olly ideal4 ,pictorial art is ( necessity m or less imitative4 ,) ! view ( ref9+ ! judgm5t fur!r 9 respect to col\r1 get a good col\r-top1#bj & /udy its beautiful effects4 ,see also ! gas tubes illum9at$ by electricity1 z sold by opticians1 & let ! prism yield y daily in/ruction4 ,soap-bubbles may also be bl[n1 & ! beautiful col\rs se5 9 !m c>efully not$4 ,^! & any o!r available means ( cultivat+ ! eye %\ld con/antly be resort$ to1 z by su* means only c we become great col\ri/s4 #bj ,n ! s-call$ col\r or *ameleon top sold 9 ! toy-%ops1 b ! m sci5tific toy procurable ( opticians1 toge!r ) ! p]=at$ discs ( ,mr4 ,john ,graham1 ,m4,r4,c4,s41 ( ,tunbridge1 ,k5t4 ,z to works on col\r1 we h ! writ+s ( ,field1 to :om we are indebt$ = valuable discov]ies2 ( ,hay1 ! decorator1 & fri5d ( ! late ,david ,rob]ts1 b "s ( 8 ideas are wild & ,utopian2 ( ,*evreul1 ^: "w w be mo/ useful to ! /ud5t2 & ! small cate*ism ( col\r by ,mr4 ,r$grave1 ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 :i* is excell5t4 ,! /ud5t w also d well to c>efully /udy ! excell5t manual ( ,col\r by ,pr(essor ,*ur*1 ( ,cir5ce/] ,college4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,furniture4 ,hav+ consid]$ ^? pr9ciples :i* are ( prim>y importance to ! ornam5ti/1 we may comm5ce our notice ( ! v>i\s manufactures1 & try to discov] :at p>ticul> =m ( art %\ld be appli$ to ea*1 & ! special mann] 9 :i* decorative pr9ciples %\ld be consid]$ z applicable to v>i\s mat]ials & modes ( work+4 ,we %all fir/ consid] furniture1 or cab9et-"w1 because articles ( furniture occupy a place ( great] importance 9 a room ?an c>pets1 wall-pap]s1 or1 p]haps1 any o!r decorative works2 &1 also1 because we %all le>n f a consid]ation ( furniture ^? /ructural pr9ciples :i* w be ( value to u 9 consid]+ ! mann] 9 :i* all art-objects %\ld be =m$ if !y h solid1 & n simply sup]ficial1 dim5sions4 ,9 ! pres5t *apt]1 ,i %all /rive to impress ! fact t design & ornam5tation may be ess5tially diff]5t ?+s1 & t 9 consid]+ ! =mation ( works ( furniture ^! %\ld be reg>d$ z sep>ate & di/9ct4 ,design1 says ,r$grave1 has ref]5ce to ! con/ruction ( any "w bo? = use & beauty1 & !re=e includes its ornam5tation also4 ,ornam5t is m]ely ! decoration ( a ?+ con/ruct$4 ,! con/ruction ( furniture w =m ! *ief !me ( ?is *apt]1 = unless su* works are prop]ly con/ruct$ !y _c possibly be useful1 & if n useful !y w\ld fail to answ] ! end = :i* !y 7 contriv$4 ,b be=e comm5c+ a consid]ation ( ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! con/ruction ( works ( furniture1 let me summ>ise :at is requir$ 9 su* works if !y are to assume ! "* ( art-objects4 #a4 ,! g5]al =m1 or mass =m1 ( all con/ruct$ works mu/ be c>efully consid]$4 ,! aspect ( ! sky-blot* ( an ar*itectural edifice is v important1 = z ! day wanes ! detail fades & p>ts become bl5d$1 till ! memb]s compose b "o :ole1 :i*1 :5 se5 f ! ea/1 appe>s z a solid mass drawn 9 d>kness on ! gl[+ sky2 ?is is ! sky-blot*4 ,if ! edifice en masse is pleas+1 a great po9t is ga9$4 ,inde$1 ! g5]al cont\r %\ld h prim>y consid]ation4 ,9 l mann]1 ! g5]al =m ( all works ( furniture %\ld fir/ be c>$ =1 & e ef=t %\ld be made at secur+ to ! g5]al mass beauty ( %ape4 #b4 ,aft] hav+ c>$ = ! g5]al =m1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! "w %all be divid$ into prim>y & second>y p>ts mu/ be consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! laws ( proportion1 z /at$ 9 a =m] *apt]4 #c4 ,detail & enri*m5t may n[ be consid]$2 b :ile ^! _c be too excell5t1 !y mu/ /ill be subord9ate 9 obtrusiv5ess to ! g5]al mass1 or to ! aspect ( ! "w z a :ole4 #d4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* ! object is =m$ mu/ always be work$ 9 ! mo/ natural & appropriate mann]4 #e4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t or appropriate =m = an object %\ld always be *os51 = unless ?is has be5 done1 no reasonable hope c be ent]ta9$ t ! "w w be satisfactory2 = ! consid]ation ( utility mu/ 9 all cases prec$e ! consid]ation ( beauty1 z we saw 9 our fir/ *apt]4 ,hav+ made ^! few g5]al rem>ks1 we mu/ consid] ! /ructure ( works ( furniture4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* we =m our furniture is wood4 ,wood has a gra91 & ! /r5g? ( any p>ticul> piece l>gely dep5ds ^u ! direction ( its gra94 ,x may be /rong if its gra9 runs p>allel ) its l5g?1 or weak if ! gra9 crosses diagonally1 or v weak if ! gra9 crosses transv]sely4 ,h[ev] /rong ! wood1 x becomes comp>atively mu* weak] if ! gra9 crosses ! piece2 & h[ev] weak ! wood1 x becomes yet weak] if ! gra9 is transv]se or diagonal4 ,^! consid]ations lead u to see t ! gra9 ( ! wood mu/ always be p>allel ) its l5g? :5ev] /r5g? is requir$4 ,= our guidance 9 ! =mation ( works ( furniture1 ,i give ! foll[+ %ort table ( woods arrang$ z to _! /r5g?3-- ,iron-wood1 f ,jamaica--v /rong1 be>+ great lat]al pressure4 ,box ( ,illaw>ry1 ,new ,s\? ,wales--v /rong1 b n s /rong z iron-wood4 ,m\nta9 a%1 ,new ,s\? ,wales--ab\t two-?irds ! /r5g? ( iron-wood4 ,bee*--ne>ly z /rong z m\nta9 a%4 ,mahogany1 f ,new ,s\? ,wales--n q s /rong z la/4 ,black dog-wood ( ,jamaica--?ree-f\r?s z /rong z ! mahogany j nam$4 ,box-wood1 ,jamaica--n half z /rong z ! box ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,c$> ( ,jamaica--half z /rong z ! mahogany ( ,new ,s\? ,wales4#ba #ba ,= full p>ticul>s on ?is subject see ,catalogue ( ! ,collection illu/rat+ ,con/ruction & ,build+ ,mat]ial1 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & ! manual ( ,te*nical ,draw+ = ,cab9etmak]s1 by ,e4 ,a4 ,davidson4 ,wood c be got ( suffici5t l5g? to meet all ! requirem5ts ( furniture-mak+1 yet we n unfrequ5tly f9d ! ar* /ructurally introduc$ into furniture1 :ile x is absurd to employ x 9 wood5 con/ruction ( any k9d4 ,! ar* is a mo/ +5i\s inv5tion1 z x af=ds a means ( spann+ a l>ge space ) small portions ( mat]ial1 z ) small /ones1 & at ! same "t gives great /r5g?4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( ! utmo/ utility 9 con/ruct+ /one build+s2 b 9 works ( furniture1 :]e we h no l>ge spaces to span1 & :]e wood is ( ! utmo/ l5g? requir$1 & is /rong] ?an our requirem5ts dem&1 ! use ( ! ar* becomes /ructurally fooli% & absurd4 ,! folly ( ?is mode ( /ructure becomes m app>5t :5 we notice t a wood5 ar* is always =m$ ( "o or two pieces1 & n ( v small portions1 & :5 we fur!r consid] t1 9 ord] to ! =mation ( an ar*1 ! wood mu/ be cut across its gra9 ?r\gh\t ! great] portion ( its l5g?1 :]eby its /r5g? is mat]ially decreas$2 :ile if ! ar* 7 =m$ ( small pieces ( /one great /r5g? w\ld be secur$4 ,no?+ c be m absurd ?an ! practice ( imitat+ 9 "o mat]ial a mode ( con/ruction :i* is only legitimate 9 ! case ( ano!r1 & ( fail+ to avail ourselves ( ! p>ticul> mode ( utilis+ a mat]ial :i* secures a maximum ( desirable results4 ,:ile ,i prote/ aga9/ ! ar* :5 /ructurally us$ 9 furniture1 ,i see no objection to x if us$ only z a s\rce ( beauty1 & :5 s situat$ z to be free f /ra9 or pressure4 ,"o ( ! objects :i* we are frequ5tly call$ ^u to con/ruct is a *air4 ,! *air is1 ?r\gh\t ,europe & ,am]ica1 consid]$ z a necessity ( e h\se4 ,s l>gely us$ are *airs1 t "o firm at ,high ,wycombe employs #e1jjj h&s 9 mak+ common cane-bottom$ *airs alone2 & yet we see b few *airs 9 ! m>ket :i* are well con/ruct$4 ,all *airs hav+ curv$ frames--:e!r ! curve is 9 ! wood ( ! back1 9 ! sides ( ! seat1 or 9 ! legs--are con/ruct$ on false pr9ciples4 ,!y are ( necessity weak1 & be+ weak are n useful4 ,z !y are =m$ by us+ wood 9 a mann] :i* fails to utilise its qualities ( /r5g?1 ^! *airs are (f5sive & absurd4 ,x is true t1 ?r\gh be+ surr\nd$ by su* ill-=m$ objects f our e>lie/ infancy1 ! eye (t5 fails to be (f5d$ ) su* works z w\ld (f5d x 7 !y new to x2 b ?is does n %[ t !y are ! less (f5sive1 nor t !y are n con/ructively wrong4 ,besides1 :5ev] wood is cut across ! gra91 9 ord] t we get any?+ approa*+ ! requisite /r5g?1 x has to be mu* ?ick] & m bulky ?an w\ld be requir$ 7 ! wood cut ) ! gra92 h5ce su* furniture is unnecess>ily heavy & clumsy4 ,fig4 #bf repres5ts a *air :i* ,i h tak5 ! lib]ty ( borr[+ f ,mr4 ,ea/lake's "w on h\sehold art4#bb ,?is *air ,mr4 ,ea/lake gives z an illu/ration ( good ta/e 9 ! con/ruction ( furniture2 b ,i give x z an illu/ration ( t :i* is ess5tially bad & wrong4 ,! legs are weak1 be+ cross-gra9$ ?r\gh\t1 & ! mode ( unit+ ! upp] & l[] portions ( ! legs 7! two semicircles7 by a circul> boss is defective 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,7 ,i sitt+ 9 su* a *air1 ,i %\ld be afraid to lean to ! "r or ! left1 = fe> ( ! *air giv+ way4 ,give me a ,york%ire rock+-*air1 9 pref]5ce to "o ( ^!1 :]e ,i "k ( my insecurity1 mu* z ,i hate su*4 #bb ,! title ( ! "w is ,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e4 ,x is well wor? read+1 z mu* may be le>n$ f x4 ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,ea/lake "r 9 _m views1 yet wrong 9 o!rs1 b ,i _c help reg>d+ him some:at z an apo/le ( ugl9ess1 z he appe>s to me to despise f9i% & ref9em5t4 ,a *air is a /ool ) a back-re/1 & a /ool is a bo>d elevat$ f ! gr\nd or floor by supports1 ! degree ( elevation be+ det]m9$ by ! l5g? ( ! legs ( ! p]son = :om ! seat is made1 or by ! degree ( obliquity :i* ! body & legs are desir$ to take :5 ! seat is 9 use4 ,if ! seat is to support ! body :5 9 an erect sitt+ po/ure1 ab\t sev5te5 to eighte5 in*es w be f\nd a conv5i5t height = ! av]age ( p]sons2 b if ! legs ( ! sitt] are to take an oblique =w>d direction1 !n ! seat may be l[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,a /ool may consi/ ( a ?ick piece ( wood & ( ?ree legs ins]t$ into holes bor$ 9 ?is ?ick top4 ,if ^! legs pass to ! upp] surface ( ! seat1 & are prop]ly w$g$ 91 a useful yet clumsy seat results4 ,9 ord] t ! top ( ! /ool be ?9 & light1 x w be necess>y t ! legs be connect$ by frames1 & x w be well t !y be connect$ twice1 once at ! top ( ea* leg1 s t ! seat may re/ ^u ?is frame1 & once at lea/ two-?irds ( ! di/ance f ! top4 ,! frame w\ld n[ /& alone1 & al?\gh ! seat is =m$ ( ?9 wood x w n crack1 z x is support$ all r\nd on ! upp] frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,a *air1 ,i h said1 is a /ool ) a back4 ,!re is n "o *air out ( fifty t we f9d ) ! back s atta*$ to ! seat z to give a maximum ( /r5g?4 ,x is usual to make a back leg & "o side ( ! *air-back out ( "o piece ( wood--t is1 to cont9ue ! back legs up above ! seat1 & cause !m to become ! sides ( ! *air-back4 ,:5 ?is is done ! wood is almo/ inv>iably curv$ s t ! back legs & ! *air-back bo? incl9e outw>ds f ! seat4 ,!re is no objection :atev] to ! sides ( ! back & ! legs be+ =m$ ( ! "o piece1 b !re is a great objection to ei!r ! supports ( ! back or ! legs be+ =m$ ( cross-gra9$ wood1 z mu* ( _! /r5g? is !reby sacrific$4 ,our illu/rations 7,figs4 #bg to #cb7 w give sev]al modes ( con/ruct+ *airs su* z ,i ?9k legitimate2 b ,i w ask ! read] to ?9k = himself ^u ! con/ruction ( a *air1 & especially ^u ! prop] means ( giv+ due support to ! back4 ,i h giv51 9 an axiomatic =m1 ^? pr9ciples :i* %\ld guide u 9 ! con/ruction ( works ( furniture1 & endeav\r$ to impress ! necessity ( us+ wood 9 t mann] :i* is mo/ natural--t is1 work+ x ) ! gra9 7! mann] 9 :i* we c mo/ easily "w x71 & 9 t way :i* %all secure ! greate/ am\nt ( /r5g? ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( mat]ial4 ,i wi% to impress my read]s ) ! importance ( ^! consid]ations1 = !y lie at ! v root ( ! successful con/ruction ( furniture4 ,if ! legs ( *airs1 or _! seat-frames1 or ! ends or backs ( c\*es1 are =m$ ( wood cut across ! gra91 !y mu/ ei!r be ?ick & clumsy1 or weak2 b1 besides ?is1 ! rightly con/itut$ m9d c only receive pleasure f ! contemplation ( works :i* are wisely =m$4 ,daily contact1 z we h be=e said1 ) ill-%ap$ objects may h m or less dead5$ our s5ses1 s t we are n s readily (f5d$ by de=mity & error z we might be2 yet1 happily = u1 directly we seek to sep>ate tru? f error1 ! beautiful f ! de=m$1 reason assi/s ! judgm5t1 & we le>n to feel :5 we are 9 ! pres5ce ( ! beautiful or 9 contact ) ! degrad$4 ,my illu/rations w %[ h[ ,i ?9k *airs %\ld be con/ruct$4 ,fig4 #bf is ess5tially bad1 al?\gh x has traditional sanction1 h5ce ,i pass x ov] )\t fur!r comm5t4 ,fig4 #bg is 9 ! mann] ( an ,egyptian *air4 ,x s]ves to %[ ! c>eful way 9 :i* ! ,egyptians con/ruct$ _! works4 ,! curv$ rails aga9/ :i* ! back w\ld re/ are ! only p>ts :i* are n ?or\ghly correct & satisfactory 9 a wood /ructure4 ,7 ! curv$ back memb]s metal1 ! curvature w\ld be desirable & legitimate4 ,! back ( ?is *air1 if ! side memb]s 7 connect$ by a /raight rail1 w\ld h imm5se /r5g? 7! backs ( "s ( our *airs are ( ! v weake/71 & if well made x is a seat :i* w\ld endure = c5turies4 ,fig4 #bh is a *air ( my own design+1 9 :i* ,i h s\ght to give /r5g? to ! back by connect+ its upp] portion ) a /rong cross-rail ( ! frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,fig4 #bi is a *air slightly alt]$ f "o 9 ,mr4 ,ea/lake's "w on ,h\sehold ,ta/e2 z %[n 9 our illu/ration1 x is a correctly =m$ "w4 ,fig4 #cj is an arm-*air 9 ! ,greek /yle1 :i* ,i h design$4 ,fig4 #ca is a ,lady's *air 9 ! ,go?ic /yle2 ,fig4 #cb1 a lady's *air 9 e>ly ,greek4 ,^! ,i h prep>$ to %[ diff]5t modes ( /ructure2 if ! legs are fitt$ to a frame 7! seat-frame71 z 9 ! e>ly ,greek *air j allud$ to1 !y %\ld be v %ort1 z 9 ?is in/ance1 or !y mu/ be connect$ by a frame bel[ ! seat1 z 9 ,figs4 #cc & #cd4 ,! be/ g5]al /ructure is t 9 :i* ! front legs pass to ! level ( ! upp] surface ( ! seat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,fig4 #cc is a copy ( a *air %[n by ,messrs4 ,gill[ & ,co41 ( ,ox=d ,/reet1 9 ! la/ ,p>is ,int]national ,exhibition4 ,9 _m respects x is admirably con/ruct$4 ,! skeleton brackets hold+ ! back to ! seat are v desirable adjuncts to light *airs2 s are ! brackets connect+ ! legs ) ! seat-frame1 z ^! /r5g!n ! entire *air4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! upp] rail ( ! back passes ?r\gh ! side uprights & is p9n$ is good4 ,! *ief1 & only important1 fault 9 ?is *air is ! b5d+ ( ! back legs1 involv+ _! be+ cut aga9/ ! gra9 ( ! wood4 ,fig4 #ca is a *air f ,mr4 ,talb]t's v excell5t "w on ,go?ic ,furniture4 ,x %[s an admirable me?od ( support+ ! back4 ,fig4 #ce ,i h design$ z a high-back$ l\ng+ *air4 ,) ! view ( giv+ /r5g? to ! back1 ,i h ext5d$ ! seat1 & arrang$ a support f ?is ext5sion to ! upp] back-rail1 & ?is ext5sion ( ! seat ,i h support$ by a fif? leg4 ,!re is no reason :atev] :y a *air %\ld h f\r legs4 ,if ?ree w\ld be bett]1 or five1 or any o!r numb]1 let u use :at w\ld be be/4#bc #bc ,9 my draw+1 ! /uff+ ( ! back has be5 accid5tally %[n too mu* r\nd$4 ,i h n[ giv5 sev]al illu/rations ( modes ( =m+ *airs4 ,i might h giv5 _m m1 b x is n my duty to try & exhau/ a subject4 ,:at ,i h to d is simply po9t out pr9ciples1 & call att5tion to facts4 ,x is ! read] :o mu/ ?9k = himself--fir/1 ( ! pr9ciples & facts :i* ,i adduce2 secondly1 ( ! illu/rations :i* ,i give2 ?irdly1 ( o!r works :i* he may meet )2 & f\r?ly1 ( fur!r means ( produc+ desirable & satisfactory results ?an ^? set =? 9 my illu/rations4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,z x _c be d\bt$ t a well-con/ruct$ "w1 h[ev] pla9 or simple x may be1 gives satisfaction to ^? :o behold x--:ile a "w ( ! mo/ elaborate "* fails to satisfy if badly con/ruct$--we %all give a few fur!r illu/rations ( /ructure = o!r articles ( furniture1 besides *airs1 :i* h become necess>y to our mode ( life4 ,fig4 #cf is "o ( my sket*es = ,greek furniture1 design$ = a weal?y cli5t4 ,x 0 =m$ ( black wood4 ,"h ! frame ( ! seat is fir/ =m$1 & ! legs are ins]t$ b5ea? x1 & let into x1 :ile ! wood-"w ( ! end ( ! c\* /&s ^u x1 be+ ins]t$ into x4 ,?is appe>s to h be5 ! g5]al me?od ) ! ,greeks ( =m+ _! furniture1 yet x is n s correct /ructurally z ,fig4 #cg1 ano!r ( my sket*es1 :]e ! end & ! leg are =m$ ( "o piece ( wood4 ,! fir/ =mation 7t ( ,fig4 #cf7 w\ld be> any am\nt ( pressure f above1 b x is n well calculat$ = resi/+ lat]al pressure2 :ile ! latt] w\ld resi/ ?is lat]al pressure1 b w\ld n be> q ! same am\nt ( pressure f above4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 c\ld be> m weight ?an w\ld ev] be requir$ ( x1 & w\ld be ! m durable piece ( furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4 ,fig4 #ch gives a legitimate =mation = a settee2 ! cutt+-out1 or holl[+1 ( ! sides ( ! legs is n c>ri$ to an extreme1 b leaves a suffici5cy ( /rong wood ) an upright gra9 to resi/ all ! pressure t w\ld be plac$ on ! seat1 & ! l[] & upp] ?ick5$ portions ( ! legs act z ! brackets b5ea? ! seat 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,! ar* "h introduc$ is n us$ /ructurally1 b = ! sake ( a curv$ l9e1 & acts simply z a pair ( brackets4 ,?is illu/ration is also f ,mr4 ,talb]t's "w4 ,fig4 #ci is a table su* z we occasionally meet )4 ,i see no objection to ! legs lean+ inw>ds at ! top2 inde$1 we h "h a picturesque & useful table ( legitimate =mation4 ,fig4 #dj is ! end elevation ( a sidebo>d f ,mr4 ,talb]t's "w4 ,m>k ! simplicity ( ! /ructure4 ,! lead+ or /ructural l9es are /raight & obvi\s4 ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,talb]t is n always "r1 yet 8 book is well wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful consid]ation & /udy2 & ?is ,i c truly say1 t x comp>es fav\rably ) all o!r works on furniture ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,! g5]al want :i* we p]ceive 9 mod]n furniture is simplicity ( /ructure & tru?fulness ( con/ruction4 ,if p]sons w\ld b ?9k out ! easie/ mode ( con/ruct+ a "w be=e !y comm5ce to design x1 & w\ld be cont5t ) ?is simplicity ( /ructure1 we %\ld h v diff]5t furniture f :at we h4 ,?9k fir/ ( :at is want$1 !n ( ! mat]ial at comm&4 ,i fe> t ,i h v feebly en=c$ & v ineffici5tly illu/rat$ ! true pr9ciples on :i* works ( furniture %\ld be con/ruct$2 & yet ,i feel t ! /ructure ( su* works is ( importance beyond all o!r consid]ations4 ,space is limit$1 h[ev]1 & ,i mu/ pass on2 h5ce ,i only hope t ,i h induc$ ! read] to ?9k = himself1 & if ,i h done s ,i %all h fulfill$ my desire1 = 8 progress w !n be sure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4 ,respect+ /ructure ,i h b a few g5]al rem>ks fur!r to make1 & all ^! are fairly embrac$ 9 ! "o expression1 ,be tru?ful4 ,an obvi\s & true /ructure is always pleasant4 ,let1 !n1 ! t5on & ! mortise pass ?r\gh ! v>i\s memb]s1 & let ! p>ts be p9n$ toge!r by obvi\s wood5 p9s4 ,?us1 if ! frame ( a *air-seat is t5on$ into ! legs1 let ! t5on pass ?r\gh ! leg & be visible on ! out] side1 & let x be held 9 its place by glue & wood5 p9s--! p9s be+ visible4 ,yet !y ne$ n protrude beyond ! surface2 b :y hide !m8 ,9 ?is way t old furniture 0 made :i* has endur$ :ile piece aft] piece ( mod]n furniture1 made ) invisible jo9ts & conceal$ nails & screws1 has p]i%$4 ,?is is a true /ructural treatm5t1 & is hone/ 9 expression also4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4 ,i d n give ?is z a pr9ciple applicable to "o class ( furniture only1 b to all4 ,:5 we h p9n$ furniture ) an op5 /ructure 7see ! back ( *air1 ,fig4 #cc71 ! mode ( putt+ toge!r mu/ ( necessity be manife/2 b 9 all o!r cases ! t5ons %\ld also g ?r\gh1 & ! p9s by :i* !y are held 9 _! place be driv5 f "o surface to ! o!r side "r ?r\gh ! memb]4 ,9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt] on furniture1 ,i said t aft] ! mo/ conv5i5t =m has be5 *os5 = an object1 & aft] x has be5 arrang$ t ! mat]ial ( :i* x is to be =m$ %all be work$ 9 ! mo/ natural or befitt+ way1 t !n ! block-=m mu/ be look$ to1 aft] :i* comes ! division ( ! mass into prim>y p>ts1 & la/ly1 ! consid]ation ( detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4 ,z to ! block-=m1 let x be simple1 & h ! appe>ance ( appropriat5ess & consi/5cy4 ,its "* mu/ be regulat$1 to an ext5t1 by ! nature ( ! h\se = :i* ! furniture is int5d$1 & by ! "* ( ! room 9 :i* x is to be plac$4 ,all ,i c say to ! /ud5t on ?is "p ( ! subject is ?is3 ,c>efully consid] good works ( furniture :5ev] opportunity occurs1 & note _! g5]al con=mation4 ,a f9e "w w nev] h /rong ar*itectural qualities--t is1 x w n look l "p ( a build+ =m$ ( wood in/ead ( /one4 ,!re is b small dang] ( committ+ any great error 9 ! block-=m1 if x be kept simple1 & to look l a "w 9 wood1 provid$ t ! proportions ( height to wid? & ( wid? & height to ?ickness are duly c>$ = 7see page #bc74 ,aft] ! g5]al =m has be5 consid]$1 ! mass may be brok5 into prim>y & second>y p>ts4 ,?us1 if we h to con/ruct a cab9et1 ! upp] "p ( :i* consi/s ( a cupbo>d1 & ! l[] portion ( draw]s1 we %\ld h to det]m9e ! proportion :i* ! "o "p %\ld be> to ! o!r4 ,?is is an inv>iable rule--t ! "w mu/ n consi/ ( equal p>ts2 ?us1 if ! :ole cab9et be six feet 9 height1 ! cupbo>ds c\ld n be ?ree feet :ile ! draw]s occupi$ ?ree feet also4 ,! division w\ld h to be ( a subtle "*--( a "* :i* c\ld n be readily detect$4 ,?us ! cupbo>d might be ?ree feet five in*es1 & ! draw]s collectively two feet sev5 in*es4 ,if ! draw]s are n all to be ( ! same dep?1 !n ! relation ( "o draw]1 z reg>ds its size1 to t ( ano!r mu/ be consid]$1 & ( ea* to ! cupbo>d above4 ,9 l mann] ! proportion ( ! panels ( ! doors to ! /yles mu/ be ?\ght out2 & until all ?is has be5 done no "w %\ld ev] be con/ruct$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4 ,next comes ! enri*m5t ( p>ts4 ,c>v+ %\ld be sp>+ly us$1 & is be/ conf9$ to m\ld+s1 or project+ or t]m9al ends4 ,if employ$ 9 m\ld+s1 ^? memb]s %\ld be enri*$ :i* are m or less completely gu>d$ f du/ & injury by "s ov]hang+ memb]4 ,if m c>v+ is us$1 x %\ld c]ta9ly be a m]e enri*m5t ( necess>y /ructure--z we see on ! legs & o!r uprights ( ,mr4 ,crace's sidebo>d1 by ,pug9 7,fig4 #da74 ,i am n fond ( c>v$ panels1 b %\ld ^! be employ$ ! c>v+ %\ld nev] project beyond ! /yles surr\nd+ !m1 & 9 all cases ( c>v+ no po9t$ memb]s mu/ protrude s z to injure ! p]son or de/roy ! dress ( ^? :o use ! piece ( furniture4 ,if c>v+ is us$ sp>+ly1 x gives u ! impression t x is valuable2 if x is lavi%ly employ$1 x appe>s to be comp>atively wor?less4 ,! aim ( art is ! production ( repose4 ,a l>ge "w ( furniture :i* is c>v$ all ov] _c produce ! necess>y s5se ( repose1 & is !re=e objectionable4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4 ,!re may be an excess ( f9i% 9 works ( c>v+ connect$ ) cab9et-"w2 = if ! f9i% is too delicate !re is a lack ( effect 9 ! result4 ,a piece ( furniture is n a m9iature "w1 :i* is to be inve/igat$ 9 e detail4 ,x is an object ( utility1 :i* is to appe> beautiful 9 a room1 & is n to comm& undivid$ att5tion2 x is a "w :i* is to comb9e ) o!r works 9 r5d]+ an ap>tm5t beautiful4 ,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum pur*as$ 9 ! la/ ,p>is ,int]national ,exhibition1 at great co/1 a cab9et f ,f\rdonois2 b x is a v unsatisfactory specim51 z x is too delicate1 too t5d]1 & too f9e = a "w ( utility--x is an example ( :at %\ld be avoid$ r ?an ( :at %\ld be foll[$4 ,! delicately c>v$ & beautiful panels ( ! doors1 if cut 9 m>ble & us$ z m]e pieces ( sculpture1 w\ld h be5 wor?y ( ! highe/ comm5dation2 b works ( ?is k9d wr\ght 9 a mat]ial t has a gra91 h[ev] little ! gra9 may %[1 are absurd4 ,besides1 ! subjects are ( too pictorial a "* = appli$ "w--t is1 !y are treat$ 9 too pictorial or naturali/ic a mann]4 ,a broad1 simple1 idealis$ treatm5t ( ! figure is t :i* is alone legitimate 9 cab9et "w4 ,supports or columns c>v$ into ! =m ( human figures are always objectionable4 ,besides c>v+1 z a means ( enri*m5t1 we h inlay+1 pa9t+1 & ! apply+ ( plaques ( /one or e>!nw>e1 & ( brass or ormolu enri*m5ts1 & we h ! ins]t+ ( brass into ! mat]ial :5 buhl-"w is =m$4 ,inlay+ is a v natural & beautiful means ( enri*+ works ( furniture1 = x leaves ! flatness ( ! surface undi/urb$4 ,a great deal may be done 9 ?is way by ! employm5t ( simple means4 ,a m]e r[ ( circul> dots ( black wood inlaid 9 oak w (t5 give a rem>kably good effect2 & ! dots c be work$ ) ! utmo/ ease4 ,?ree dots =m a trefoil1 f\r dots a quatrefoil1 six dots a hexafoil1 & s on1 & desirable effects c (t5 be produc$ by su* simple inlays4 ,panels ( cab9ets may be pa9t$1 & enri*$ ) ornam5t or flatly-treat$ figure subjects4 ,?is is a beautiful mode ( decoration v mu* neglect$4 ,! c\* 7,fig4 #cg7 ,i int5d$ = enri*m5t ( ?is k9d4 ,if ?is =m is employ$1 c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ord] t ! pa9t$ "w be 9 all cases s situat$ t x _c be rubb$4 ,x %\ld fill sunk panels & holl[s & nev] appe> on advanc+ memb]s4 ,i am n fond ( ! application ( plaques ( /one or e>!nw>e to works ( furniture4 ,any?+ t is brittle is n suitable z an enri*m5t ( wood-"w1 unless x c be s plac$ z to be out ( dang]4 ,ormolu ornam5ts1 :5 appli$ to cab9ets & o!r works 9 wood1 are also nev] satisfactory4 ,!y look too sep>ate f ! wood ( :i* ! "w is =m$--too obvi\sly appli$2 & :atev] is obvi\sly appli$ to ! "w1 & is n a portion ( its g5]al fabric1 :e!r a mass ( fl[]s ev5 if c>v$ 9 wood or an ormolu ornam5t1 is n pleasant4 ,buhl-"w is (t5 v clev] 9 "* & skilfully wr\ght1 b ,i d n c>e = x4 ,x is ( too labori\s a nature1 & ?us intrudes ^u u ! s5se ( lab\r z well z t ( skill4 ,z a means ( enri*m5t1 ,i approve ( c>v+1 sp>+ly us$1 ( inlays1 & ( pa9t$ ornam5t 9 c]ta9 cases2 & by ! j employm5t ( ^! means ! utmo/ beauty 9 cab9et-"w c be a*iev$4 ,ebony inlaid ) ivory is v beautiful4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate my rem>ks respect+ cab9ets1 sidebo>ds1 & simil> pieces ( furniture1 ,i give an engrav+ ( a sidebo>d execut$ by ,mr4 ,crace1 f ! design ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,welby ,pug9 7! fa!r71 to :i* ,i h be=e allud$ 7,fig4 #da71 & a pa9t$ cab9et by ,mr4 ,burgess 7,fig4 #db71 ! well-kn[n ,go?ic ar*itect1 ^: ar*itecture mu/ be admir$4 ,bo? ( ^! works are wor?y ( /udy ( a v c>eful k9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,9 ! sidebo>d1 notice fir/ ! g5]al /ructure or con/ruction ( ! "w1 !n ! mann] 9 :i* x is brok5 into p>ts1 & la/ly1 t x is ! /ructural memb]s :i* are c>v$4 ,if ?is "w has faults1 !y are ^!3 fir/1 ! c>v+ is 9 excess--?us1 ! panels w\ld h be5 bett] pla92 &1 second1 9 "s p>ts !re is a slight indication ( a /one /ructure1 z 9 ! buttress "* ( ! ends ( ! sidebo>d4 ,to ! cab9et mu* m s]i\s objections may be tak54 #a/4 ,a ro( is a means :]eby ! wea!r is kept out ( a dwell+1 & tiles af=d a means :]eby small pieces ( mat]ial enable u to =m a p]fect cov]+ to our h\ses ( a wea!r-pro( "*4 ,x is v absurd1 !n1 to treat ! ro( ( a cab9et1 :i* is to /& 9 a room1 z if x 7 an entire h\se1 or an object :i* 7 to /& 9 a g>d54 #bnd4 ,! w9d[s 9 ! ro(1 :i* 9 ! case ( a h\se let light into ^? rooms :i* are plac$ 9 ?is "p ( ! build+1 & are =m$ 9 a p>ticul> mann] s z ! m p]fectly to exclude ra91 become simply /upid :5 plac$ 9 ! ro( ( a cab9et4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ! imitation til$ ro(1 degrade ! "w to a m]e doll's h\se 9 appe>ance4 #crd4 ,a panell$ /ructure1 :i* is ! /ronge/ & be/ /ructure1 is ignor$2 h5ce /rong metal b9d+s are necess>y4 ,! pa9t+ ( ! "w is highly int]e/+1 & _h x be5 m flatly treat$1 w\ld !n h be5 tru?ful1 & w\ld yet h l5t ! same int]e/ to ! cab9et t x n[ does1 ev5 if we consid] ! matt] f a purely pictorial po9t ( view4 ,be=e we pass f a consid]ation ( furniture & cab9et-"w g5]ally1 we mu/ notice a few po9ts to :i* we h z yet m]ely ref]r$1 or :i* we h left altoge!r unnotic$4 ,?us we h to consid] uphol/]y z appli$ to works ( furniture1 ! mat]ials employ$ z cov]+s = seats1 & ! nature ( picture-frames & curta9-poles2 we mu/ also notice g5]al errors 9 furniture1 /rictly s call$4 ,:5 exam9+ c]ta9 w>drobes & cab9ets 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 ,i 0 =cibly impress$ ) ! /ructural tru? ( "o or two ( ^! works4 ,"o especially comm5d$ itself to me z a f9e /ructural "w ( classic "*4 ,j z ,i 0 express+ my admiration1 ! exhibitor ?rew op5 ! doors ( ?is well-=m$ w>drobe to %[ me its int]nal fitt+s1 :51 fancy my feel+s at behold+ ! fir/ door be>+ ) x1 z x op5$1 ! two pila/]s t ,i conceiv$ to be ! supports ( ! some:at heavy cornice above1 & ! o!r door be>+ away ! ?ird support1 & ?us leav+ ! sup]9cumb5t mass re/+ on ! ?9 sides ( ! /ructure only1 :ile !y appe>$ altoge!r unable to p]=m ! duty impos$ ^u !m4 ,horrible6 horrible6 0 all ,i c\ld exclaim4 ,"s ( ! mo/ co/ly works ( furniture %[n by ! ,fr5* 9 ! la/ ,p>is ,int]national ,exhibition 7 n free f ?is defect2 & ?is is /range1 = to ! rightly con/itut$ m9d ?is "o defect is ( su* a grave "* z to neutralise :atev] pleasure might o!rwise be d]iv$ f contemplat+ ! "w4 ,we see a man1 a g5ius p]haps--a man hav+ qualities t all mu/ admire2 b he has "o great vice--"o s9 :i* easily besets him4 ,:ile ! man has excell5t & e/imable qualities1 we yet avoid him1 = we see n ! excell5ces b ! vice4 ,x is s ) su* works ( furniture z ^? ( :i* we h be5 speak+1 = _! defects are su* z impress u m p[]fully ?an _! excell5ces4 ,respect+ ^! works ( furniture1 ?is %\ld be said3 !y are m or less imitative ( works ( a debas$ art-p]iod--( a p]iod 9 :i* /ructural tru? 0 utt]ly disreg>d$--yet ?is is no reason :y we %\ld copy ! defects ( our ance/ors4 ,inf9itely worse ?an ! works j spok5 (1 is falsely con/ruct$ ,go?ic furniture1 :]e ! v tru?fulness ( /ructure is op5ly set be=e u4 ,n long s9ce ,i 0 /ay+ ) a cli5t ^: h\se is ( ,go?ic /yle4 ,be+ ab\t to furni% draw+s = ! decorations ( ?is mansion1 ,i 0 c>efully not+ ! "* ( ! ar*itecture & ( ! furniture1 :i* latt] _h be5 design$ & manufactur$ expressly = ! h\se by a l>ge ,york%ire firm ( cab9et-mak]s4 ,! /ructure ( ! furniture appe>$ j1 ! proportions tol]ably good1 ! wood hone/1 & ! inlays judici\s2 b1 c x be imag9$1 ! :ole 0 a m]e s]ies ( frauds & %ams--! cross-gra9 ends ( :at %\ld be supports 7 atta*$ to ! fronts ( draw]s1 pill>s came away1 & su* falsity became app>5t z ,i nev] be=e saw4 ,h[ any p]son c\ld possibly produce su* furniture1 be he ev] s degrad$1 ,i _c ?9k4 ,i h se5 works t are bad1 ,i h se5 falsities 9 art1 b ,i nev] be=e saw su* falsity ( /ructure & su* uncall$-= deception z ^! works pres5t$4 ,! untrue is always (f5sive2 b :5 a special ef=t is made at caus+ a lie to appe> z tru?1 a d\ble s5se ( disappo9tm5t is exp]i5c$ :5 ! untru?fulness is discov]$4 ,9 8 "w on ,h\sehold ,ta/e1 to :i* ,i h be=e allud$1 ,mr4 ,ea/lake objects1 & ,i ?9k v ju/ly1 to ! "* ( an ord9>y telescopic d9+-table4 ,he says3 ,among ! d9+-room appo9tm5ts1 ! table is an article ( furniture :i* /&s greatly 9 ne$ ( re=m4 ,x is g5]ally made ( planks ( poli%$ oak or mahogany laid ^u an insecure framework ( ! same mat]ial1 & support$ by f\r g\ty legs1 ornam5t$ by ! turn] ) m\ld+s :i* look l inv]t$ cups & sauc]s pil$ ^u an attic balu/]4 ,i call ! framework insecure1 because ,i am describ+ :at is commonly call$ a 'telescope' table1 or "o :i* c be pull$ out to twice its usual l5g?1 &1 by ! addition ( extra leaves 9 its middle1 accommodate twice ! usual numb] ( d9]s4 ,su* a table _c be s\ndly made 9 ! same s5se t ord9>y furniture is s\nd2 x mu/ dep5d = its support on "s contrivance :i* is n consi/5t ) ! mat]ial ( :i* x is made4 ,few p w\ld l to sit on a *air ! legs ( :i* slid 9 & out1 & 7 fa/5$ at ! requir$ height by a p92 !re w\ld be a s5se ( insecurity 9 ! notion em95tly unpleasant4 ,y might put up ) su* an inv5tion 9 camp1 or on a sket*+ exp$ition1 b to h x & use x "u y\r own ro(1 in/ead ( a /rong & s]viceable *air1 w\ld be absurd4 ,yet ?is is v mu* :at we d 9 ! case ( ! mod]n d9+-room table4 ,:5 x is ext5d$ x looks weak & untidy at ! sides2 :5 x is r$uc$ to its %orte/ l5g? ! legs appe> heavy & ill-proportion$4 ,x is always liable to get out ( ord]1 & f ! v nature ( its con/ruction mu/ be an in>ti/ic object4 ,:y %\ld su* a table be made at all8 ,a d9+-room is a room to d9e 94 ,:e!r !re are few or _m p seat$ = t purpose1 ! table might well be kept ( a uni=m l5g?1 & if space is an object x is always possible to use 9 its /ead two small tables1 ea* on f\r legs4 ,^! might be plac$ end to end :5 d9n] p>ties are giv51 & "o ( !m w\ld suffice = family use4 ,a table ( ?is k9d might be solidly & /\tly fram$1 s z to la/ = ages1 & become1 z all furniture ought to become1 an heirloom 9 ! family4 ,:5 a man builds himself a h\se on freehold l&1 he does n int5d t x %all only la/ 8 lifetime2 he bequea?s x 9 s\nd condition to po/]ity4 ,we ought to be a%am$ ( furniture :i* is cont9ually be+ replac$2 at all ev5ts1 we _c possibly take any int]e/ 9 su* furniture4 ,9 =m] days1 :5 ! pr9ciples ( good jo9]y 7 really und]/ood1 ! legs ( su* a l>ge table z t ( ! d9+-room w\ld h be5 made ( a v diff]5t =m f ! lumpy1 pe>-%ap$ ?+s ( mod]n use4 ,9 ne>ly all ^! rem>ks ,i agree ) ,mr4 ,ea/lake1 & especially 9 8 rem>k t1 ow+ to ! v nature ( its con/ruction1 a mod]n d9+-table mu/ be an in>ti/ic object4 ,no "w c be satisfactory 9 :i* any portions ( ! true support+ /ructure or frame are drawn ap>t2 & ?is occurs to a m>k$ degree 9 ?is table1 z is %[n 9 ,mr4 ,ea/lake's illu/ration1 :i* we "h copy 7,fig4 #dc74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,falsities ( /ructure1 al?\gh n s gl>+ z t ( ! telescopic d9+-table1 are ev]y:]e met ) 9 our %ops1 &1 curi\s z x may appe>1 ! great majority ( ! works (f]$ to ! public are n only false 9 /ructure1 b are utt]ly (f5sive to good ta/e 9 e way1 & are =m$ almo/ exclusively ( wood cut across ! gra91 :i* secures to ! article ! maximum am\nt ( weakness4 ,figs4 #dd1 #de1 #df1 & #dg are examples ( utt]ly bad furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,ano!r falsity 9 furniture is v5e]+--a practice :i* %\ld be :olly ab&on$4 ,simple hone/y is pref]able to false %[ 9 all cases2 tru?fulness 9 utt]ance is always to be desir$4 ,x 0 cu/om>y at "o "t to v5e] almo/ e "w ( furniture1 & ev5 to place ! gra9 ( ! v5e] 9 a mann] totally at v>iance ) ! true /ructure ( ! framework :i* x cov]$4 ,?is 0 a me?od ( mak+ works1 :i* might 9 _! unf9i%$ /ate be satisfactory1 appe> :5 f9i%$ z mo/ unsatisfactory objects4 ,s9ce ?is "t mu* progress has be5 made 9 a k ( tru?ful /ructure & ( tru?ful expression1 yet ?is me?od ( giv+ a false surface by means ( v5e] is n :olly ab&on$ z despicable & false4 ,a few mon?s back ,i _h occasion to visit a cab9et w>eh\se 9 ,lanca%ire1 & ! own] call$ my att5tion to ! f9e gra9 ( "s old ,engli% oak1 & rem>k$ t c]ta9 pieces ( furniture 7 ( solid wood4 ,^u inve/igation1 h[ev]1 ,i discov]$ t :ile ! furniture 9 "q 0 made ?r\gh\t ( oak1 ! bulk ( ! /ructure 0 ( common wa9scot+1 & ! surface 0 v5e]$ ) ,engli% oak4 ,i confess t ,i w\ld mu* r h _h ! furniture )\t its false ext]ior1 & daily my love = f9e gra9 9 wood gets less4 ,i ?9k t ?is arises f ! fact t /rong gra9 9 wood takes f ! unity ( ! "w into :i* x is =m$1 & t5ds to break x up into p>ts1 by r5d]+ e memb] conspicu\s4 ,:at is want$ 9 a "w ( furniture1 be=e all o!r consid]ations1 is a f9e g5]al =m--a h>mony ( all p>ts--s t no "o memb] usurps a prim>y place--& ?is x is almo/ impossible to a*ieve if a wood is employ$ hav+ a /rongly m>k$ gra94 ,) u a room is consid]$ z almo/ unfurni%$ if ! w9d[s are n hung ) "s k9d ( drap]y4 ,! orig9al object ( ?is drap]y 0 t ( keep+ out a draught ( air1 :i* f\nd its way ?r\gh ! imp]fectly fitt+ w9d[s2 & ! antitype ( our w9d[-hang+s 0 a simple curta91 =m$ ( a mat]ial suitable to a*ieve ! purpose s\ght4 ,su* a curta9 0 legitimate & desirable1 & w\ld contra/ /rangely ) ! elaborate fe/oon+ & quadrupl$ curta9s ( our pres5t w9d[s4 ,we daily see y>ds ( valuable mat]ial1 arrang$ 9 massive & absurd folds1 %utt+ out t light :i* is necess>y to our heal? & well-be+2 a pair ( heavy /uff curta9s & a pair ( lace curta9s be+ hung at ea* w9d[1 ea* curta9 consi/+ ( a suffici5t am\nt ( mat]ial to m ?an cov] ! w9d[ ( itself4 ,an excess ( drap]y is always vulg>1 :ile a little drap]y usefully & judici\sly employ$ is pleasant4 ,_m w9d[s t are well made1 & ?us keep out all curr5ts ( air1 ne$ no curta9s4 ,if ! w9d[ m\ld+s are ( an ar*itectural "*1 & are col\r$ mu* d>k] ?an ! wall1 s z to become an obvi\s frame to ! w9d[1 & ?us d = ! w9d[ :at a picture-frame does = a picture1 no curta9s w be requir$4 ,i h rec5tly _h a wond]fully /rik+ illu/ration ( ?is4 ,two adjo9+ rooms are alike 9 _! ar*itecture2 "o is decorat$1 & has ! w9d[ casem5t ( su* col\rs z /rongly contra/1 :ile !y are yet h>moni\s1 ) ! wall4 ,be=e ! room 0 decorat$1 & ! w9d[s 7 ?us treat$1 a g5]al light col\r prevail$1 bo? on ! wood-"w & on ! walls ( ! room1 & curta9s 7 hung at ! w9d[s 9 ! usual way4 ,) ! alt]$ decorations1 ! w9d[s became s effective t ,i at once saw ! undesirability ( re-hang+ ! curta9s1 & yet n "o ( all my fri5ds has obs]v$ t !re are no curta9s to ! w9d[s2 :ile if ! curta9s are remov$ f ! adjo9+ room1 :]e ! w9d[-frames are z light z ! walls1 ! fir/ "q ask$ is1 ,:]e are y\r curta9s8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4 ,curta9s %\ld be hung on a simple & obvi\s pole 7,fig4 #dh74 ,all means ( hid+ ?is pole are fooli% & useless4 ,?is pole ne$ n be v ?ick1 & is bett] =m$ ( wood ?an ( metal1 = !n ! r+s to :i* ! curta9s are atta*$ pass along almo/ noiselessly4 ,! ends ( ! pole may be ( metal1 b ,i pref] simple balls ( wood4 ,! pole may be groov$1 & any little enri*m5ts may be introduc$ into ^! grooves1 provid+ ! c>v+ does n come to ! surface1 & ?us t\* ! r+s1 :i* by _! motion w\ld injure x4 ,:atev] is us$ 9 ! way ( enri*m5t %\ld be ( simple "*1 = ! height at :i* ! curta9 pole is plac$ w\ld r5d] f9e "w altoge!r ineffective4 ,z to uphol/]y1 ,i w\ld say1 nev] indulge 9 an excess4 ,a wood frame %\ld appe> 9 e "w ( furniture1 z 9 ! examples we h giv54 ,s(as are n[ made z ?\gh !y 7 fea!r b$s2 !y are s s(t t y s9k into !m1 & become uncom=tably w>m by m]ely re/+ ^u !m1 & _! g\ty =ms are reliev$ only by a few in*es ( wood1 :i* appe> z legs4 ,/uff+ %\ld be employ$ only z a means ( r5d]+ a prop]ly con/ruct$ seat com=tably s(t4 ,if x goes beyond ?is x is vulg> & objectionable4 ,spr+ /uff+ is n to be altoge!r comm5d$2 a good old-fa%ion$ hair-/uff$ seat is m desirable1 z x w endure :5 spr+s h p]i%$4 ,z to ! mat]ials ) :i* seats may be cov]$ ,i c say little1 = !y are _m4 ,hair clo?1 al?\gh v durable1 is altoge!r in>ti/ic 9 its effect4 ,no?+ is bett] ?an lea!r = d9+-room *airs2 ,utre*t velvet1 ei!r pla9 or emboss$1 looks well on libr>y *airs2 silk & sat9 damasks1 rep1 pla9 clo?1 & _m o!r fabrics are appropriate to draw+-room furniture4 ,*9tz ,i am n fond ( z a *air cov]+1 & 9 a b$-room ,i w\ld r h *airs ) pla9 wood5 seats ?an ) cu%ions cov]$ ) ?is glaz$ mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,) a m]e rem>k ^u picture-frames ,i w f9i% ?is *apt]4 ,picture-frames are g5]ally elaborately c>v$ m\ld+s1 or are simple m\ld+s cov]$ ) ornam5ts1 :i*1 :e!r c>v$ or =m$ ( putty1 are ov]laid ) gold leaf2 !y are1 inde$1 highly ornam5t$ gilt m\ld+s4 ,i mu* pref] a well-=m$1 yet some:at simple1 black poli%$ m\ld+1 on ! int]ior ( :i* runs a gold bead 7,fig4 #di74 ,a fanciful yet good picture-frame 0 figur$ 9 ! ,build+ ,news ( ,septemb] #g?1 #ahff1 :i* we n[ repeat 7,fig4 #ej74 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,decoration ,,( ,,build+s4 ,,division ,i4--,,g5]al ,,consid]ations--,,ceil+s4 ,hav+ consid]$ furniture1 ! =mation ( :i* requires a k ( con/ruction1 or ( :at we may t]m /ructural art1 we pass on to notice pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! decoration ( surfaces1 or 9 surface decoration1 z x is usually call$4 ,we comm5ce by consid]+ h[ rooms %\ld be decorat$2 yet1 9 s do+1 we are met at ! v outset ) a great difficulty1 z ! nature ( ! decoration ( a room %\ld be det]m9$ by ! "* ( its ar*itecture4 ,my difficulty re/s "h4 ,h[ am ,i to tell y :at is ! j decoration = a room1 :5 ! suitability ( ! decoration is (t5 dep5d5t ^u ev5 /ructural & ornam5tal details2 & :51 9 all cases1 ! "* ( ! decoration %\ld be 9 h>mony ) ! "* ( ! ar*itecture8 ,broadly1 if a build+ is 9 ! ,go?ic /yle1 all t x conta9s 9 ! way ( decoration1 & ( furniture also1 %\ld be ,go?ic4 ,if ! build+ is ,greek1 ! decorations & furniture %\ld be ,greek4 ,if ! build+ is ,italian1 all its decorations & furniture %\ld be ,italian1 & s on4 ,b !re are fur!r requirem5ts4 ,ea* t]m t ,i h n[ employ$1 z expressive ( a /yle ( ar*itecture1 is m or less g5]ic 9 "*1 & is !re=e too broad = g5]al use4 ,:at is usually t]m$ ,go?ic ar*itecture1 is a gr\p ( /yles hav+ common orig9 & resemblances1 kn[n to ! ar*itect z ! ,semi-,norman or ,transition /yle1 :i* occurr$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury "u ,h5ry ,,ii4 7x 0 at ?is "t t ! po9t$ ar* 0 fir/ employ$74 ,! ,e>ly ,engli%1 :i* 0 develop$ 9 ! end ( ! twelf? & e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 "u ,ri*>d ,i41 ,john1 & ,h5ry ,,iii42 ! ,decorat$1 :i* occurr$ at ! end ( ! ?irte5?1 & e>ly portion ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 "u ,edw>d ,i41 ,edw>d ,,ii41 & ,edw>d ,,iii42 ! ,p]p5dicul>1 :i* occurr$ at ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5?1 & ?r\gh ! great] portion ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 "u ,ri*>d ,,ii41 ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,v41 & ,,vi41 ,edw>d ,,iv4 & ,v41 & ,ri*>d ,,iii42 &1 la/ly1 ! ,tudor1 :i* occurr$ at ! end ( ! fifte5?1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 "u ,h5ry ,,vii4 & ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,all ^! /yles are popul>ly spok5 ( z "o1 & are express$ by ! "o t]m--,go?ic4 ,x is s also1 to an ext5t1 ) ! ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,italian /yles1 = ea* ( ^! appe>s 9 v>i\s modifications ( "*1 b into su* details we w n ent]3 x mu/ suffice to notice t ! "* ( ! decoration mu/ be n only broadly 9 ! /yle ( ! ar*itecture ( ! build+ :i* x is int5d$ to beautify1 b x mu/ be simil> 9 nature to ! ornam5t produc$ at precisely ! same date z ! ar*itecture :i* has be5 employ$ = ! build+4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ,i am an advocate ( reproduc+ works1 or ev5 /yles ( ar*itecture1 su* z 7 creat$ 9 times gone by1 = ,i am n4 ,! peoples ( pa/ ages c>efully s\ght to asc]ta9 _! wants--! wants result+ f climate--! wants result+ f ! nature ( _! religion--! wants result+ f social arrangem5ts--! wants impos$ by ! build+ mat]ial at comm&4 ,we1 on ! contr>y1 look at a hundr$ old build+s1 & )\t consid]+ our wants1 z diff]+ f ^? ( our =efa!rs1 take a bit f "o & a bit f ano!r1 or we reproduce "o almo/ z x /&s1 & ?us we bungle on1 in/ead ( seek+ to raise su* build+s z are 9 all respects suit$ to our mod]n requirem5ts4 ,?+s are1 h[ev]1 mu* bett] 9 ?is respect ?an !y 74 ,bold m5 are deal+ ) ! ,go?ic /yle 9 its v>i\s =ms4 ,scott1 ,burgess1 ,/reet1 & _m o!rs are v5tur+ to alt] x2 & ?us1 :ile x is los+ old *>act]i/ics1 & is acquir+ new elem5ts1 x is already assum+ a "* :i* has nobility ( expression1 tru?fulness ( /ructure1 & suitability to our special requirem5ts4 ,9 "t to come1 fur!r *anges w d\btless be made2 & ?us ! /yle :i* arose z an imitation ( ! pa/ w h become new1 ?r\gh con/antly dep>t+ f ! orig9al type1 & z con/antly adopt+ new elem5ts4 ,i h said t ! decoration ( a build+ %\ld be br\ght ab\t by ! employm5t ( su* ornam5t z 01 9 "t pa/1 associat$ ) ! p>ticul> =m ( ar*itecture employ$ 9 ! build+ to be decorat$1 if a precisely simil> =m ( ar*itecture previ\sly exi/$4 ,let n ! ornam5t1 h[ev]1 be a m]e s]vile imitation ( :at has gone be=e1 b let ! design] /udy ! ornam5t ( bygone ages till he und]/&s & feels its _s1 & !n let him /rive to produce new =ms & new comb9ations 9 ! _s ( ! ornam5t ( ! pa/4 ,?is mu/ also be c>efully not$--t ! ornam5t ( a p>ticul> p]iod does n consi/ m]ely ( ! =ms employ$ 9 ! ar*itecture1 drawn 9 col\r on ! wall1 or ! ceil+1 z ! case may be4 ,! p>ticul> =m ( ornam5t us$ 9 association ) "s =ms ( ,go?ic ar*itecture 0 v diff]5t 9 "* f :at we might expect f ! nature ( ! ar*itecture itself1 & did n to any ext5t consi/ ( flatly-treat$ crockets1 gable ends1 trefoils1 c9que-foils1 etc4 ,! ornam5t ( ! pa/ mu/ be /udi$ 9 its purity1 & n f ^? wret*$ attempts at ! production ( ,go?ic decoration :i* we (t5 see4 ,9 :at we may call ! typical ,engli% h\se ( ! pres5t day !re is really no ar*itecture1 & if su* a build+ is to be decorat$ x is almo/ legitimate to employ any /yle ( ornam5tation4 ,9 su* a case ,i %\ld *oose a /yle :i* has no v m>k$ features--:i* is n /rongly ,greek1 or /rongly ,go?ic1 or /rongly ,italian2 & if !re is ! necess>y ability1 ,i %\ld say try & produce ornam5ts hav+ novelty ( "*1 & yet %[+ y\r k ( ! good qualities ( all /yles t are pa/4 ,if ?is is attempt$1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ord] to avoid gett+ a m]e comb9ation ( elem5ts f v>i\s /yles z "o ornam5t4 ,no?+ c be worse ?an to see a bit ( ,greek1 a fragm5t ( ,egyptian1 an ,alhambraic scroll1 a ,go?ic fl[]1 & an ,italian husk associat$ toge!r z "o ornam5t2 unless ?is 7 done advis$ly & 9 ord] to meet a v special want1 su* an ornam5tal composition w\ld be dete/able4 ,:at ,i recomm5d is ! production ( new =ms2 b ! new composition may h ! vig\r ( ! be/ ,go?ic ornam5t1 ! sev]ity ( ,egyptian1 ! intricacy ( ! ,p]sian1 ! gorge\sness ( ! ,alhambra1 & s on1 only x mu/ n imitate 9 detail ! v>i\s /yles ( ! pa/4 ,n[ z to ! decoration ( a room4 ,if "o "p only c be decorat$1 let t "o "p be ! ceil+4 ,no?+ appe>s to me m /range ?an t our ceil+s1 :i* c be prop]ly se51 are usually :ite 9 middle-class h\ses1 :ile ! walls1 :i* are always 9 "p hidd51 & ev5 ! floor1 on :i* we tread1 %\ld h col\r & patt]n appli$ to !m2 & ( ?is ,i am c]ta91 t1 consid]$ f a decorative po9t ( view1 our ord9>y treatm5t is wrong4 ,we glory 9 a cle> blue sky ov]head1 & we speak ( ! sky z increas+ 9 beauty z x becomes deep] & deep] 9 t9t4 ,?us ! dep? ( ! t9t ( ! ,italian sky is famili> to u all4 ,:y1 !n1 make our ceil+s :ite8 ,i (t5 ask ?is "q1 & am told t ! :it5ess r5d]s ! ceil+ almo/ invisible2 h5ce x is pref]r$4 ,?is idea is v absurd2 fir/1 because blue is ! mo/ e!real & mo/ di/ant ( all col\rs 7see ,*ap4 ,,ii41 page #cc72 &1 second1 d we n build a h\se ) ! view ( procur+ %elt]8 h5ce :y d we seek to realise ! feel+ t we are )\t a cov]+ ov] our heads8 ,we only l a :ite ceil+ because we h be5 accu/om$ to su* f infancy1 & because we h be5 taught to reg>d a clean :ite ceil+ z all t is to be desir$4 ,i knew a ,york%ire lady :o1 ^u be+ ask$ by h] husb& :e!r %e w\ld l ! draw+-room ceil+ decorat$1 repli$ t %e ?\ght n1 z %e c\ld n !n h x re-:itewa%$ e ye>4 ,! idea 0 clean c]ta9ly4 ,blue1 ,i h said1 is e!real 9 "*2 x is s1 & may become exce$+ly s if ( m$ium dep? & ( a grey hue2 h5ce1 if a m]e atmosph]ic effect 0 s\ght1 x w\ld be desirable t ?is col\r be us$ on ! ceil+ r ?an :ite4 ,b1 z we h j said1 invisibility ( ! ceil+ is absurd1 z x is our protection f ! wea!r4 ,fur!r1 ! ceil+ may become an object ( great beauty1 & x c be se5 z a :ole4 ,:y !n neglect ! opportunity ( arrang+ a beautiful object :5 !re is no reason to ! contr>y8 ,we l a beautiful col\r$ vase1 or1 if we d n1 we c h x :itewa%$1 or ev5 disp5se ) x altoge!r4 ,we l beautiful walls1 or we w\ld h !m :itewa%$ also2 inde$1 we l our surr\nd+s g5]ally beautiful4 ,:y n1 !n1 h beautiful ceil+s1 especially z !y c be se5 complete1 :ile ! wall is 9 "p hidd5 by furniture & pictures8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,i w suppose t we h an ord9>y room to deal )4 ,fir/1 take away ! wret*$ pla/] ornam5t 9 ! c5tre ( ! ceil+1 = x is sure to be bad4 ,!re is n "o su* ornam5t out ( a ?\s& t c be s treat$ z to make ! ceil+ look z well z x w\ld d )\t x4 ,n[ place all ov] ! ceil+ a flat pa9t$ or /5cill$ patt]n1 a patt]n :i* repeats equally 9 all directions 7z ,fig4 #ea71 & let ?is patt]n be 9 blue 7( any dep?7 & :ite1 or 9 blue 7( any dep?7 & cream-col\r1 & x is sure to look well 7! blue be+ ! gr\nd1 & ! cream-col\r or :ite ! ornam5t74 ,simple patt]ns 9 cream-col\r on blue gr\nd1 b hav+ a black outl9e1 also look well 7,fig4 #eb72 & ^! might be prep>$ 9 pap]1 & hung on ! ceil+ z common pap]-hang+s1 if *eapness is ess5tial4 ,gold ornam5ts on a deep blue gr\nd1 ) black outl9e1 also look ri* & effective4 ,^! are all1 h[ev]1 simple treatm5ts1 = any am\nt ( col\r may be us$ on a ceil+1 provid$ ! col\rs are employ$ 9 v small masses1 & p]fectly m+l$1 s t ! effect produc$ is t ( a ri* col\r$ bloom 7see ,*ap4 ,,ii41 page #df74 ,a ceil+ %\ld be beautiful1 & %\ld also be manife/2 b if x mu/ be some:at indi/9ct1 9 ord] t ! caprices ( ! ignorant be hum\r$1 let ! patt]n be 9 middle-t9t or pale blue & :ite only4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,i l to see ! ceil+ ( a room cov]$ all ov] ) a suitable patt]n1 b ,i d n at all object to a l>ge c5tral ornam5t only1 or to a c5tre ornam5t & corn]s2 especially if ! cornice is heavy1 s z to give comp5sat+ weight to ! m>g94 ,i h rec5tly design$ & se5 c>ri$ out "o or two c5tre ornam5ts = draw+-rooms1 :i* ornam5ts 7 tw5ty-"o feet 9 diamet]4 ,a c5tre ornam5t1 if prop]ly treat$1 may be v l>ge )\t look+ heavy2 x may1 inde$1 ext5d at lea/ two-?irds ( ! way f ! c5tre to ! m>g9 ( ! ceil+4 ,i d n speak ( pla/] ornam5ts1 b ( flat decorations4 ,if ! ceil+ is flat all ornam5t plac$ ^u x mu/ n only be flat also1 b mu/ n fictiti\sly repres5t relief1 = no %ad$ ornam5t c be pleasant :5 plac$ z ! decoration ( a flat ar*itectural surface4 ,i h already notic$ t ! decoration ( a room %\ld be 9 "* ) its ar*itecture1 b t :ile ?is %\ld be s1 ! ornam5t appli$ by way ( enri*m5t %\ld n be a s]vile copy ( ! decorative =ms employ$ 9 ages gone by1 b %\ld be su* z is new 9 "*1 :ile yet ( ! _s ( ! pa/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,_m circum/ances t5d to det]m9e ! nature ( ! decoration :i* %\ld be appli$ to a ceil+3 ?us1 if a ceil+ is /ructurally divid$ into squ>e panels1 ! "* ( ! ornam5t is !reby re/rict$1 & %\ld ^! panels be l>ge x w probably be desirable t ea* be fitt$ ) ! same ornam5t2 :ile if !y are small ?ree or f\r diff]5t patt]ns may be employ$1 if arrang$ 9 "s ord]ly or me?odical mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,a ceil+ may also h ! joi/s or beams visible ^u x3 9 ?is case ! decoration w\ld h to be ( a v special "*4 ,! bottoms ( ! joi/s might h a /r+ patt]n ^u !m 7a runn+ patt]n71 z ! ,greek key1 or guillo*e2 :il/ ! sides might h ei!r a runn+ patt]n1 or a patt]n ) an upw>d t5d5cy1 z ! ,greek honeysuckle2 & ! ceil+ int]v5+ betwe5 ! joi/s might h a runn+ patt]n1 or bett]1 a />1 or diap] patt]n1 or x might h b&s runn+ 9 ! opposite direction to ! joi/s1 s z1 ) !m1 to =m squ>es1 :i* squ>es might be fill$ ) ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ceil+ is flat1 & is n divid$ into sections /ructurally1 almo/ any sett+ out ( ! surface may be employ$1 z ,fig4 #ec2 or a l>ge c5tre ornam5t1 z ,figs4 #ed & #ee2 or a rosette di/ribut$ ov] ! entire surface1 z ,fig4 #ef4 ,9 any case x is n necess>y or ev5 desirable t ! ornam5t be 9 relief ^u ! ceil+4 ,flatly treat$ ornam5ts may be employ$ ) advantage1 & all fictiti\s appe>ance ( relief1 z we h already said1 mu/ be avoid$4 ,!re are s _m diff]5t ways ( sett+ out ceil+s1 t ,i _c attempt ev5 to make any sugge/ions4 ,i w\ld simply say1 h[ev]1 ,avoid an ar*itectural sett+ out1 if !re are no /ructural memb]s2 = ornam5t :i* is flat may spread 9 any mann] ov] a surface )\t ev5 appe>+ to ne$ /ructural supports4 ,z to ! col\r ( a ceil+ if !re is to be no ornam5t ^u x1 let x be a cream-col\r 7=m$ ( :ite ) a little middle-*rome7 r ?an :ite4 ,cream-col\r always looks well ^u a ceil+1 & gives ! idea ( purity4 ,a grey-blue is also a v desirable col\r = a ceil+1 su* z is =m$ ( pale ultram>9e1 :ite1 & a little raw umb]1 j suffici5t to make ! blue slightly grey 7or atmosph]ic74 ,9 dep? ?is blue %\ld be ab\t half-way betwe5 ! ultram>9e & :ite4 ,ano!r effect :i* ,i l is produc$ by ! full col\r ( pure 7or almo/ pure7 ultram>9e4 ,9 ?is case ! cornice %\ld be c>efully col\r$1 & pale blue & :ite %\ld prevail 9 x1 b a little pure r$ mu/ be pres5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,a fur!r & v desirable effect is produc$ by plac+ pale cream-col\r$ />s irregul>ly ov] ! pale blue1 or ev5 ! deep blue ceil+1 or by plac+ pale blue />s ^u ! cream-col\r$ ceil+4 ,! />s %\ld v>y = an ord9>y room ceil+ 7say a room sixte5 feet squ>e by t5 feet high7 f ab\t ?ree in*es f po9t to po9t d[n to "o in*2 ! l>g] />s hav+ six po9ts2 o!rs be+ small] & ) five po9ts2 & ! small ones hav+1 "s f\r po9ts1 & "s ?ree4 ,if su* />s are irregul>ly 7)\t ord]7 int]mix$ ov] ! ceil+1 & yet are some:at equally disp]s$1 a v pleas+ & int]e/+ effect w !reby be produc$4 ,?is effect is 9 mu* fav\r ) ! ,japanese4 ,! />s1 h[ev]1 %\ld be small] if plac$ on a deep1 ?an on a pale1 blue gr\nd4 ,ano!r good effect is produc$ by giv+ ! ceil+ ! col\r ( ,ba?1 or ,portl&1 /one1 & />r+ x ) a deep] t9t ( ! same col\r4 ,?is effect is improv$ by ea* /> hav+ a v f9e outl9e ( a yet d>k] t9t ( ! same col\r4 ,i %\ld recomm5d ^? int]e/$ 9 ! decoration ( ceil+s to /udy c>efully ! ,egyptian1 ,alhambra1 & ,greek ,c\rts at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 ,syd5ham1 especially ! two la/ nam$2 also to notice ! ceil+ 9 ,/4 ,james's ,great ,hall1 ,piccadilly1 ,london1 & ! ceil+ ( ,u%aw ,college *apel ne> ,durham4 ,! ceil+s 9 ! ,ori5tal ,c\rts1 by ,mr4 ,ow5 ,jones1 at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum are wor?y ( c>eful notice2 b ! ,r5aissance ceil+s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,museum are bo? wrong 9 pr9ciple & are bad examples ( _! /yle4 ,! /ructurally =m$ glass ceil+ ( ! ,cry/al ,palace ,baza> 9 ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,london1 & /ill bett]1 ! ceil+ ( ,mr4 ,osl]'s glass w>eh\se 9 ,ox=d ,/reet1 are well wor?y ( note4 ,on ! ,cont95t we v frequ5tly meet ) ceil+s on :i* l>ge pictures h be5 pa9t$1 z 9 ! ,l\vre & ! ,luxemb\rg 9 ,p>is2 & ! au?orities ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum are mak+ ef=ts to introduce ?is /yle into ,engl&1 b su* pictorial ceil+s are 9 e way wrong4 #a/4 ,a ceil+ is a flat surface1 h5ce all decoration plac$ ^u x %\ld be flat also4 #bnd4 ,a picture c only be correctly se5 f "o po9t1 :]eas ! decoration ( a ceil+ %\ld be ( su* a "* t x c be prop]ly se5 f any "p ( ! room4 #crd4 ,pictures h almo/ inv>iably a "r & wrong way upw>ds4 ,a picture plac$ on a ceil+ is ?us wrong way upw>ds to almo/ all ! gue/s 9 ! room4 #d?4 ,9 ord] to ! prop] und]/&+ ( a picture1 y mu/ see ! :ole ( its surface at "o "t2 ?is is v difficult to d )\t almo/ break+ y\r neck1 or be+ on y\r back on ! floor1 if ! picture is on ! ceil+2 :]eas an ornam5t :i* consi/s ( repeat$ p>ts may r5d] a ceil+ beautiful )\t requir+ t ! :ole ceil+ be se5 at ! "o glance4 ,mo/ ( ! ,fr5* pictorial ceil+s are s pa9t$ t !y are prop]ly se5 :5 ! spectator /&s ) 8 back close to ! fire4 ,?is is v awkw>d1 z ! rules ( society d n all[ u to /& 9 ?is position be=e company4 ,pictorial works are altoge!r out ( place on a ceil+2 !y ought to be fram$ & hung "r way upw>ds ^u walls :]e !y c be se54 ,we h a well-kn[n pa9t$ ceil+ at ! ,gre5wi* ,hospital4 ,arabesque ceil+s1 su* z t ( ! ,roman ,c\rt at ! ,cry/al ,palace1 are also v objectionable4 ,:at c be worse ?an fe/oons ( leafage1 l s _m sausages1 pa9t$ ^u a ceil+1 ) griff9s1 small fram$ pictures1 impossible fl[]s1 & feeble ornam5t1 all ) fictiti\s light & %ade8 ,b n cont5t ) su* absurdities & incongruities1 ! fe/oons (t5 hang upw>ds on vault$ or dom$ ceil+s1 r ?an d[nw>ds4 ,su* ornam5ts arose :5 ,rome1 intoxicat$ ) its conque/s1 yield$ itself up to luxury & vice r ?an to a consid]ation ( beauty & tru?4 ,decorations l ^! 7 to an ext5t aga9 reviv$ by ! great pa9t] ,raphael2 b x mu/ ev] be rememb]$ t ,raphael1 :ile "o ( ! greate/ ( pa9t]s1 0 no ornam5ti/4 ,x requires all ! en]gy ( a life to become a great pa9t]2 & x requires all ! en]gy ( a life to become a great ornam5ti/2 h5ce x is n expect$ t ! "o man %\ld be great at ! two arts4 ,9 all ages :5 decorative art has fl\ri%$1 ceil+s h be5 decorat$4 ,! ,egyptians decorat$ _! ceil+s1 s did ! ,greeks1 ! ,byzant9es1 ! ,moors1 & ! p ( our ,middle ,ages1 & a light ceil+ appe>s n to h be5 e/eem$ z ess5tial1 or z 9 _m cases desirable4 ,x is /range t s few ( our h\ses & public build+s conta9 rooms ) decorat$ ceil+s2 b ! want is already felt1 ! fa%ion has set 91 & _m are at ?is pres5t mom5t be+ prep>$4 ,we mu/ get simple modes ( enri*m5t = g5]al rooms--modes ( treatm5t :i* %all be effective1 & yet n exp5sive--& !n we may hope t !y w become g5]al4 ,,division ,,ii4--,,decorations ,,( ,,walls4 ,we mu/ n[ devote ourselves to ! consid]ation ( wall decoration1 or to ! mann] 9 :i* ornam5t %\ld be appli$ to walls ) ! view ( r5d]+ !m decorative4 ,x w appe> absurd to say t all ornam5t t is appli$ to a wall %\ld be su* z w r5d] ! wall m beautiful ?an x w\ld be )\t x2 b ?is /atem5t is ne$$1 = ,i h se5 _m walls ornam5t$ 9 su* a mann]1 t !y w\ld h look$ mu* bett] if !y _h be5 p]fectly pla91 & simply wa%$ ov] ) a t9t ( col\r4 ,to ornam5t is to beautify4 ,to decorate is to ornam5t4 ,b a surface _c be beautifi$ unless ! =ms :i* are drawn ^u x are graceful1 or bold1 or vigor\s1 or true1 & unless ! col\rs appli$ to x are h>moni\s4 ,yet h[ _m walls d we meet ) ev5 9 good h\ses--walls ( corridors1 walls ( /aircases1 walls ( d9+-rooms1 walls ( libr>ies1 &1 inde$1 walls ( e k9d ( room--:i* are r5d]$ (f5sive1 r ?an pleas+1 by ! decorations !y be>4 ,a wall may look well )\t decoration /rictly s call$1 & ?is /atem5t leads me to notice ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* walls may be treat$ ) ! view ( r5d]+ !m beautiful4 ,a wall may be simply t9t$ ei!r ) di/emp] col\r1 or oil col\r flatt$4 ,di/emp] col\r gives ! be/ effect1 & is mu* ! *eape/1 b x is n durable1 & _c be wa%$4 ,oil col\r :5 flatt$ makes a nice wall1 :e!r /ippl$ or pla91 & is bo? durable & wa%able4 ,an entire wall %\ld nev] be v>ni%$4 ,i say t a wall c look well ev5 if n decorat$4 ,let me give "o or two in/ances2 b1 p]haps1 ,i _h bett] give treatm5ts = ! entire room1 includ+ ! ceil+1 & n = ! wall simply4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4 ,a good effect ( a v pla9 & inexp5sive "* w\ld be produc$ by hav+ a black skirt+1 a cream-col\r wall 7?is col\r to be made ( ! col\r call$ middle-*rome & :ite1 & to resemble 9 dep? ! be/ pure cream71 a cornice col\r$ ) pale blue ( greyi% t9t1 ) deep blue1 :ite1 & a slight l9e ( r$1 & a ceil+ ( blue ( almo/ any dep?4 ,! ceil+ col\r to be pure ,fr5* ultram>9e1 or ?is ultram>9e mix$ ) :ite & a t\* ( raw umb] 7! cornice blues to be made 9 ! same way74 ,! r$ 9 ! cornice to be deep v]milion if v n>r[ 7"o-sixte5? ( an in*71 or c>m9e if broad4#bd #bd ,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry x is cu/om>y to wa% ! cornice ov] ) quick-lime4 ,if ?is has be5 done ! lime mu/ be c>efully remov$1 = lime w turn c>m9e black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,design4 ,illu/rat+ ,cornice1 ,ceil+ ,wall ,col\r+4 ,a room ( a slightly m decorative "* w\ld be produc$ by mak+ ! l[] ?ree feet ( ! wall ( a diff]5t col\r 7by =m+ a dado7 f ! upp] "p ( ! wall3 ?us1 if ! o!r p>ts ( ! room 7 col\r$ z 9 ! example j giv51 ! l[] ?ree feet might be r$ 7v]milion ton$ to a ri* ,indian r$ ) ultram>9e blue7 or *ocolate 7purple-br[n & :ite1 ) a little orange-*rome72 ?is l[] portion ( ! wall be+ sep>at$ f ! upp] cream-col\r$ portion by a l9e ( black an in* broad1 or bett] by a d\ble l9e1 ! upp] l9e be+ an in* broad1 & ! l[] l9e ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*1 ! l9es be+ sep>at$ f ea* o!r by five-eigh?s ( ! r$ or *ocolate4 ,i l ! =mation ( a dado1 = x af=ds an opportunity ( giv+ app>5t /ability to ! wall by mak+ its l[] portion d>k2 & furniture is inv>iably mu* improv$ by be+ se5 aga9/ a d>k backgr\nd4 ,! occupants ( a room always look bett] :5 view$ 9 conjunction ) a d>k backgr\nd1 & ladies' dresses c]ta9ly d4 ,! d>k dado gives ! desir$ backgr\nd )\t r5d]+ x necess>y t ! entire wall be d>k4 ,if ! furniture be mahogany1 x w be wond]fully improv$ by be+ plac$ aga9/ a *ocolate wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4 ,! dado ( a room ne$ n be pla92 inde$1 x may be enri*$ to any ext5t4 ,x may be pla9 ) a bord]+ sep>at+ x f ! wall1 su* z ,figs4 #eg1 #eh1 & #ei1 or ! col\r$ bord] on ,plate ,i4 7frontispiece72 or x may h a simple fl[] regul>ly disp]s$ ov] x2 or x may be cov]$ ) a geometrical repeat+ patt]n1 9 ei!r ( :i* cases x w\ld h a bord]2 or x may be enri*$ ) a specially design$ piece ( ornam5t1 z ,fig4 #fj4 ,?is p>ticul> patt]n %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be enl>g$ to a height ( m ?an tw5ty to tw5ty-f\r in*es2 b if ( ?is wid?1 & above a skirt+ ( twelve or fifte5 in*es1 x w\ld look well4 ,i h design$ two or ?ree n>r[ dado pap]s = ,messrs4 ,wylie & ,lockhead1 ( ,glasg[1 :i* are ab\t eighte5 in*es broad1 & are pr9t$ 9 ! direction ( ! l5g? ( ! pap]1 s z to save unnecess>y jo9s2 & ,messrs4 ,jeffrey & ,co41 ( ,essex ,road1 ,isl+ton1 are issu+ a complete s]ies ( my decorations = walls1 dados1 & ceil+s4 ,if ! dado is enri*$ ) ornam5t1 & ! cornice is col\r$1 & a patt]n spreads all ov] ! ceil+1 ! walls c well be pla91 b !y may be cov]$ ) a simple p[d]+ z ! patt]ns 9 ,fig4 #fl1 if ^! are 9 s(t col\rs1 or ) patt]ns su* z ^? set =? 9 col\rs on ,plate ,i42 b ^!1 especially t on ! blue gr\nd1 w\ld only be us$ :]e a v ri* effect is desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,a good room w\ld be produc$ by patt]n ,fig4 #eb be+ on ! ceil+ 9 d>k blue & cream-col\r1 by ! cornice be+ col\r$ ) a preval5ce ( d>k blue1 ! walls be+ cream-col\r d[n to ! dado2 ! bord] sep>at+ ! dado f ! wall be+ black ornam5t on a dull orange-col\r2 & by ! dado be+ *ocolate ) a black rosette ^u x2 ! skirt+ bo>ds be+ bright black4 ,! dado may or may n be v>ni%$2 ! upp] "p ( ! wall c only be dead 7n v>ni%$--dull74 ,if ! room is high a bord]+ may run r\nd ! upp] portion ( ! wall1 ab\t ?ree to f\r in*es bel[ ! cornice2 su* a bord] z ,fig4 #fb may he employ$ 9 dull orange & *ocolate4 ,a citr9e wall comes well ) a deep blue1 or blue & :ite ceil+1 if blue prevails 9 ! cornice1 & ?is wall may h a d>k blue 7ultram>9e & black ) a little :ite7 dado1 or a ri* m>oon dado 7br[n-lake74 ,if ! blue dado is employ$ ! skirt+ %\ld be indigo1 :i*1 :5 v>ni%$ & se5 9 conjunction ) ! blue1 w appe> z black z jet4 7,see ! col\r$ examples on ,plate ,,ii41 & rem>ks on col\r on pages #de & #df47 ,walls are usually pap]$ 9 middle-class h\ses4 ,i mu/ n object to ?is univ]sal cu/om2 b ,i d say1 try to avoid %[+ ! jo9+s ( ! v>i\s /rips4 ,9 all cases :]e possible cut ! pap] to ! patt]n1 & n 9 /raight l9es1 = /raight jo9+s are v objectionable4 ,if y use pap] = walls1 use x arti/ically1 & n z s mu* pap]4 ,let a dado be =m$ ( "o pap]1 ! dado bord]+ 7dado rail7 ( a suitable pap] bord]+2 ! upp] "p ( ! wall be+ cov]$ by ano!r pap] ( simple & j design1 & ( su* col\r z %all h>monise ) ! dado4 ,proce$ z an arti/1 & n z a m]e workman4 ,?9k out an ornam5tal s*eme1 & !n try to realise ! desir$ effect4 ,avoid all pap]s 9 :i* huge bun*es ( fl[]s & animals or ! human figure are depict$4 ,! be/ = all purposes are ^? ( a simple geometrical "*1 or 9 :i* designs simil> to ^? 9 ,fig4 #fl are p[d]$ or plac$ at regul> int]vals ov] a pla9 gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4 ,j z ! ceil+ ornam5t mu/ accord 9 "* ) ! ar*itecture ( ! room 9 :i* x is plac$1 s mu/ ! wall decoration be ( ! same /yle z ! ar*itecture ( ! room4 ,inde$1 :atev] we h said respect+ ! h>mony ( ! ceil+ decoration ) ! ar*itecture ( ! build+1 applies equally to ! ornam5tation ( ! wall4 ,x has be5 cu/om>y to arrange walls into panels :5 decorat+ !m1 & ( ?is mode ( treatm5t we give "o illu/ration 7,fig4 #fc72 yet no?+ c be m absurd ?an su* a treatm5t1 unless ! wall is ar*itecturally 7/ructurally7 ar*$4 ,a wall may be s =m$ t "s p>ts are ?ick1 s z to give ! requir$ /r5g?1 :ile o!r portions are ?94 ,9 su* a case ! wall w\ld be =m$ ( ar*$ recesses & ?ick5$ pi]s alt]nately4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ! decoration %\ld be s appli$ z to emphasise1 or r5d] app>5t1 ?is ar*$ /ructure2 b if ! wall is ( "o ?ickness ?r\gh\t1 its division into ar*es is absurd & fooli%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,we sometimes see great follies1 & ev5 gross untru?s1 p]petrat$ ) ! view ( br++ ab\t ! s-call$ decoration ( a room4 ,?us x is n unfrequ5tly t we meet ) imitation pill>s1 recesses1 & ar*es z ! s-call$ ornam5tation ( a room4 ,9 l[ music halls we are n surpris$ by su* decorations1 = we d n look = tru? or any manife/ation ( delicacy ( feel+ 9 su* places4 ,falsity & ! untrue appe> 9 natural juxtaposition ) ! debas$ & ! vulg>4 ,%am m>ble pill>s1 a fictiti\s & m]ely imitative ar*itecture1 an assum$ & unreal1 yet co>se & vulg>1 gorge\sness1 are ! natural adjuncts ( immorality & vice2 b su* falsities _c be tol]at$ 9 ! abodes ( ^? :o pret5d to purity & tru?1 nor 9 ! build+s :i* !y frequ5t2 yet ev5 ! new ,alb]t ,hall has %am m>ble pill>s 7,i say ?is to our %ame71 & b rec5tly ,i visit$ a *ur* ne> ,edgw>e1 9 :i* !re is a display ( false decoration su* z ,i nev] be=e saw4 ,"h we f9d %am pill>s1 giv+ a false ar*itecture2 %am ni*es1 conta9+ %am /atues2 %am cl\ds1 =m+ an absurd ceil+2 & almo/ e falsity :i* a falsely con/itut$ m9d c\ld p]petrate4 ,h[ /range x is t 9 a *ur*1 :]e purity & tru? are taught1 ! :ole ( ! decorations %\ld be a %am6 ,x is said t if y want to he> a fi]ce qu>rel1 & to see true hatr$1 y mu/ seek x 9 religi\s sects & among !ological discussioni/s4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 ,i suppose1 we mu/ prep>e ourselves = a display ( ! wor/ art-falsity 9 ! sacr$ edifice4 ,p]haps ! idea is t ( contra/4 ,z ! teetotal lectur] _h a drunk5 man by him z a frightful example ( :at 0 to be avoid$1 s ! decorations ( ?is *ur* may be int5d$ z a w>n+1 r ?an z an example ( :at %\ld be foll[$4 ,happily su* *ur*es z ?is are r>e1 & x c be truly said t ecclesia/ical ar*itecture & decoration has made great /rides ) u 9 rec5t ye>s1 & t 9 v _m in/ances x is rigidly tru?ful z well z beautiful4 ,be=e leav+ ! consid]ation ( wall decorations1 ,i mu/ object to all imitations1 z %am m>bles1 granites1 etc41 = no wall c be satisfactory :i* is to any ext5t a display ( false gr&eur2 & ?is is curi\s1 t 9 _m cases x co/s m to produce an imitation m>ble /aircase ?an x w\ld to l9e ! same walls ) ! m>bles imitat$4 ,i h kn[n a case 9 :i* ! imitation has co/ d\ble :at ! g5u9e /one w\ld h co/1 & su* a case is n exceptional1 = h&-poli%$ "w is always exp5sive4 ,to imitations ( m>bles & granites1 z ,i h already said1 ,i /rongly object1 & ( ! g5u9e /one ,i am n fond1 unless sp>+ly & judici\sly us$4 ,my objections to its free use are ^!3--#a/4 ,h>mony ( col\r dep5ds ^u great exactness ( t9t4 ,?is exactness is r>ely atta9able 9 ! case ( two m>bles4 ,"o /one may1 h[ev]1 be br\ght into direct & p]fect h>mony ) a col\r$ wall1 by ! t9t ( ! wall be+ c>efully suit$ to ! m>ble4 #bnd4 ,! true arti/ ?9ks less ( ! co/l9ess ( ! mat]ial ( :i* he =ms 8 works ?an ( ! art-effect produc$4 ,?us ! old ,greeks1 :o 7 full ( art-feel+ & ref9em5t1 col\r$ ! build+s :i* !y con/ruct$ ( :ite m>ble1 & !y c]ta9ly !reby improv$ !m2 = col\r1 if h>moni\sly employ$1 l5ds to objects a new *>m--a *>m :i* !y w\ld n )\t x possess4 ,i mu/ fur!r say1 be=e leav+ our pres5t subject1 t all walls1 h[ev] decorat$1 %\ld s]ve z a backgr\nd to :atev] /&s 9 front ( !m4 ,?us !y mu/ retire ev5 beh9d ! furniture by _! unobtrusiv5ess4 ,! ord] ( arrangem5t 9 furni%+ mu/ be ?is4 ,! liv+ be+s 9 a room %\ld be mo/ attractive & conspicu\s1 & ! dress ( man %\ld be ( su* a "* z to secure ?is4 ,ladies c n[ employ any am\nt ( col\r 9 _! attire2 b poor man1 h[ev] noble1 _c by 8 dress be di/+ui%$ f 8 butl]2 &1 wor/ ( all1 bo? are dress$ 9 an unbecom+ & in>ti/ic mann]4 ,next come ! furniture & drap]ies--! "o or ! o!r hav+ prom95ce accord+ to circum/ances2 !n come ! wall & floor1 bo? ( :i* are to s]ve z backgr\nds to all t /&s 9 front ( !m4 ,9 decorat+ walls1 or 9 judg+ ( ! m]it or suitability ( wall decorations1 ?is mu/ always be tak5 into consid]ation1 t !y are b enri*$ backgr\nds2 & x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ! nature ( ! enri*m5t appli$ is det]m9$1 to a great ext5t1 by ! "* ( ! ar*itecture ( ! build+ ( :i* ! wall =ms a "p4 ,we come n[ to consid] wall-pap]s1 :i* are hang+s prep>$ ) ! view ( enabl+ u to decorate our walls at comp>atively small co/4 ,i may confess t ,i am n v fond ( wall-pap]s "u any circum/ances4 ,i pref] a t9t$ or pa9t$ wall4 ,yet !y are l>gely us$1 & w be = a long "t to come4 ,i h already said t if wall-pap]s are us$ !y %\ld n be jo9$ toge!r ) /raight l9es1 & t we ought to consid] !m z s mu* art-mat]ial :i* %\ld be us$ arti/ically4 ,z to ! nature ( ! patt]n :i* a wall-pap] %\ld h1 x is almo/ impossible to speak1 z !re are endless v>ieties2 b z a rule x may be said t ^? consi/+ ( small1 simple1 repeat$ p>ts1 :i* are l[-ton$ or neutral 9 col\r1 are ! be/4 ,mo/ wall-pap] patt]ns are l>g] ?an is desirable4 ,! patt]n c sc>cely be too simple1 & x %\ld 9 all cases consi/ ( flat ornam5t4 ,if ! ornam5t is v good1 & ! patt]n is ! "w ( a true arti/1 x may be l>g]1 = !n ! p>ts w be balanc$ & h>monis$ 9 a mann] t c\ld n be expect$ f a less skilful h&2 b ev5 if by ! mo/ tal5t$ design]1 x mu/ ev] be rememb]$ t he has design$ x at r&om1 & n z a suitable decoration = any p>ticul> room4 ,! man :o selects ! patt]n = a p>ticul> wall mu/ *oose t :i* is suitable to ! special case4 ,! effect ( a wall-pap] is mat]ially affect$ by _m circum/ances4 ,?us1 by ! quantity ( light admitt$ to ! room--:e!r ! room is d>k or light2 by ! aspect1 :e!r x receives ! sun's rays direct or does n2 by ! "* ( ! light1 z :e!r direct f ! sky1 or reflect$ f a gre5 lawn1 or r$-brick wall4 ,all ^! ?+s mu/ be consid]$1 & :at looks well 9 ! patt]n-book may look bad on a wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,z to col\r1 ! be/ wall-pap] patt]ns are ^? :i* consi/ ( some:at /rong col\rs 9 v small masses--masses s small t ! g5]al effect ( ! pap] is ri*1 l[-ton$1 & neutral1 & yet has a gl[+ col\r-bloom2 b ^! are r>ely to be met )4 ,x 0 a fa%ion "s "t s9ce to make wall-pap]s 9 imitation ( wov5 fabrics1 & ?is fa%ion has n :olly disappe>$ yet1 absurd ?\gh x be4 ,x arose ?r\gh ! accid5t ( a design] ( wall-pap] patt]ns hav+ be5 a %awl patt]n design]1 & hav+ a numb] ( small %awl patt]ns on h&1 :i* he dispos$ ( z wall-pap] patt]ns4 ,a patt]n :i* is suitable = a wov5 fabric is r>ely suitable to a pr9t$ fabric1 & especially :5 ! "o patt]n is to be se5 9 folds on a mov+ object1 & ! o!r flat on a fix$ surface4 ,& at all times imitation by "o mat]ial ( ano!r is untru?ful1 & x becomes specially absurd :5 we ?9k t almo/ e mat]ial is capable ( produc+ "s good art-effect :i* no o!r mat]ial c4 ,we %\ld always seek to make ea* mat]ial z di/9ctive 9 its art-"* z we c1 & to cause ea* to appe> z beautiful z possible 9 t p>ticul> mann] 9 :i* x c mo/ naturally be work$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,a ^w %\ld be said ab\t ! p>ticul> "* :i* a wall-pap] patt]n %\ld h1 b ! rem>ks :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to make w apply equally to all patt]ns employ$ z wall decorations4 ,if we view trees or plants1 z we see !m aga9/ ! sky z a backgr\nd1 !y are objects :i* po9t upw>ds & h a bilat]al symmetry--_! halves are alike 7,figs4 #fd & #fe7--or are m or less irregul> 9 =m1 & :5 se5 9 ?is view we may reg>d !m z natural wall decorations4 ,our wall patt]ns1 !n1 may po9t upw>ds1 z 9 ,fig4 #fa1 & be bilat]al or o!rwise2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t :5 ! fl[]s ( a primrose protrude f a bank !y are regul> radiat+1 or />1 ornam5ts4 ,i ?9k t x is legitimate = u to use on a wall />1 or regul> radiat+ ornam5ts1 z well z ^? hav+ an upw>d t5d5cy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4 ,i h said t :5 se5 f ! side plants are bilat]al1 or are m or less irregul>4 ,z ,i h ref]r$ to plants z furni%+ u ) types ( ornam5t1 ,i %\ld n be do+ rightly 7 ,i to leave ?is /atem5t 9 its pres5t =m2 = ! t5d5cy ( ! vital =ce ( all plants is to produce /ructures ( rigidly symmetrical "*2 b insects1 :i* eat buds & leaves1 & blights1 w9ds1 & fro/s1 s act ^u plants z to de/roy _! normal symmetry1 h5ce we f9d an app>5t want ( symmetry 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! p>ts ( plants4 ,respect+ ! col\r+ ( cornices1 a few words %\ld be said4 #a/4 ,bright col\rs may "h be employ$4 #bnd4 ,z a rule1 get r$ 9 %ad[ or 9 %ade1 blue on flat or holl[ surfaces1 especially ^? t rec$e f ! eye1 & yell[ on r\nd$ advanc+ memb]s4 #crd4 ,use = r$ ei!r v]milion or c>m9e2 = blue1 ultram>9e ei!r pure or ) :ite2 = yell[1 middle *rome mu* dilut$ ) :ite4 #d?4 ,use r$ v sp>+ly1 blue abundantly1 ! pale yell[ 9 m$ium quantity4 ,besides prim>y col\rs1 none o!rs ne$ be us$ on ! cornice4 ,x is a mi/ake to use _m1 or dull1 col\rs1 "h1 b gold may be us$ in/ead ( yell[4 ,) ! view ( expla9+ ! pr9ciples :i* we h j enunciat$ by diagrams1 we give f\r illu/rations 7,figs4 #ff1 #fg1 #fh1 #fi71 :i* ,i advise ! /ud5t to try & col\r 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples j set =?4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,c>pets4 ,x is n my int5tion 9 ?is *apt] to consid] 9 detail ! v>i\s k9ds ( c>pet :i* are common 9 our m>ket1 nor ev5 to review ! hi/ory ( _! manufacture1 int]e/+ z x w\ld be to d s2 = we mu/ conf9e ourselves m p>ticul>ly to an exam9ation ( ! art-qualities :i* !y pres5t1 & to ! p>ticul> =m ( patt]n :i* may be appli$ to !m ) advantage4 ,al?\gh we _c "h ent] into a consid]ation ( ! manufacture ( c>pets1 ,i _c too /rongly recomm5d all :o int5d prep>+ designs = !m to consid] m9utely ! p[]s ( ! c>pet loom2 = ! nature ( ! effect produc$ w dep5d to a l>ge ext5t ^u ! k :i* ! design] possesses ( ! capabilities ( ! manufacture = :i* he designs patt]ns4 ,9 ! case ( any manufacture x is highly desirable1 if n absolutely ess5tial1 t ! design] ( ! patt]ns to be wr\ght %\ld be acqua9t$ ) ! process by :i* 8 design is to be conv]t$ into ! p>ticul> mat]ial = :i* ! patt]n has be5 prep>$2 = ?is k1 ev5 :5 n absolutely ess5tial1 gives an am\nt ( fre$om & p[] :i* no?+ else c supply4 ,! c>pets mo/ ext5sively 9 use are ,brussels2 b !re are _m o!r k9ds bo? ( bett] & inf]ior qualities4 ,kidd]m9/] c>pet 7a c>pet n n[ made by ev5 "o ,kidd]m9/] manufactur]7 is a common fabric suit$ to ! b$rooms ( middle-class h\ses2 b ! art-capabilities ( ?is mat]ial are v small1 z x c only h two col\rs 9 any l9e runn+ ?r\gh\t its l5g?4 ,?is c>pet consi/s ( two ?icknesses1 :i* are imp]fectly unit$1 & is n durable4 ,brussels c>pet+1 n[ made *iefly 9 ,great ,brita91 is a good c>pet = g5]al purposes4 ,its surface consi/s ( loops1 & x may h five1 or1 if made ( extra quality1 six col\rs 9 any l9e runn+ ?r\gh\t its l5g?4 ,if ) five col\rs 9 ! same l9e ! c>pet w1 9 a s5se1 consi/ ( five ?icknesses ( wor/$2 yet ^! are unit$ into "o fabric4 ,9 "s cases a ,brussels c>pet is wov5 ( v close texture1 ) ! loops cut ?r\gh2 ?us we h a velvet pile or ,wilton c>pet--a fabric :i* is v ri*-look+1 & durable4 ,^? call$ real ,axm9/] c>pets are1 p]haps1 ! be/ made4 ,!y are =m$ by ! knott+ toge!r ( ?reads by h&1 consequ5tly any numb] ( col\rs may be us$ 9 _! =mation2 b su* are necess>ily mo/ co/ly4 ,a pat5t ,axm9/] c>pet is made by a d\ble process ( h&-weav+1 by :i* f9e results are a*iev$1 & any numb] ( col\rs us$4 ,9 ! fir/ weav+ a r\gh clo? is =m$1 :i* is cut into /rips call$ *5ille ?reads1 & ^! are aga9 wov5 into ! c>pet4 ,?is process is mo/ +5i\s1 & ! c>pets produc$ by x are v good2 b !y are co/ly4 ,"s few ye>s s9ce a mo/ +5i\s process ( manufactur+ :at are kn[n z tape/ry c>pets 0 pat5t$--a process resembl+ 9 its nature t ( ! pat5t ,axm9/] manufacture1 b diff]+ 9 ?is p>ticul>1 t ! w>p ?reads are col\r$ by pr9t+1 & ?us ! fir/ process ( weav+ is disp5s$ )4 ,^! c>pets are1 l ,brussels1 made ) a loop$ surface1 & also ) a pile4 ,!y _c be said to comp>e 9 any way ) ! pat5t ,axm9/] c>pets1 :i* are ( a pret5ti\s & co/ly "*1 nor ev5 ) a good ,brussels2 b !y are l[ 9 price1 & meet a want1 z is prov$ by _! enorm\s sale4 ,besides ^! v>ieties ( c>pet !re are a numb] ( k9ds ( =eign production1 mo/ ( :i* are h&-made1 & are v beautiful4 ,by f> ! great] numb] ( ^! h a pile1 al?\gh ?is is sometimes r\gh & unev51 yet r>ely1 if ev]1 in>ti/ic2 b a few are )\t pile2 /ill ^! are n )\t t indescribable some?+ :i* r5d]s !m e/imable 9 ! eye ( an arti/4 ,hav+ ha/ily notic$ ! *ief k9ds ( c>pet 9 use 9 ?is c\ntry1 & we might say 9 almo/ all c\ntries1 we come to ! "q--:at =m ( patt]n1 or :at "* ( ornam5t1 %\ld =m ! enri*m5t ( su* a fabric8 ,:5 speak+ 9 a previ\s *apt] 7see page #ib7 ( wall decorations1 we notic$ t a wall-pap] patt]n1 or1 inde$1 a wall patt]n ( any k9d1 might desirably h an upw>d direction & a bilat]al symmetry4 ,?is c nev] be ! case1 h[ev]1 ) a c>pet patt]n1 :i* mu/ be equally ext5d$ all ov] ! surface1 or h a simple radiat+ symmetry1 z ,fig4 #ef2 & ?is rule w apply :e!r ! patt]n be simple or complicat$4 ,x is n wrong1 z we h said be=e1 to h a radiat+ patt]n on a wall1 b x is wrong to h a bilat]al patt]n on a floor4 ,! reason ( ?is is obvi\s4 ,if su* an object z we h indicat$ is plac$ on a wall1 f :atev] po9t ! occupants ( ! room may view x1 x is yet "r way upw>ds to !m2 b if su* an object 7 plac$ on a floor x w\ld be wrong way upw>ds1 or sideways1 or oblique to mo/ ( ^? :o view$ x2 & to employ a patt]n ( ?is "* 9 su* a position is highly absurd1 :5 a patt]n c z readily be =m$ :i* w avoid ?is unpleasantness4 ,:at w\ld we ?9k 7 we ask$ to view a picture1 or ev5 to visit an ap>tm5t conta9+ su*1 7 ?is "w ( art pres5t$ to our view 9 an inv]t$ mann]8 ,we %\ld feel a/oni%$ at ! absurdity2 yet ?is w\ld be no worse ?an expect+ u to view a c>pet :ile ! patt]n is to u 9 an inv]t$ position4 ,& ! pr9ciple :i* we h j set =? is "o taught by a consid]ation ( plants4 ,if we w&] ov] ! moor1 :]e we tread on ,nature's c>pet1 we f9d t all ! little plants :i* ne/le 9 ! %ort mossy grass are radiat+ ornam5ts--t is1 !y are pretty objects :i* consi/ ( p>ts spread+ regul>ly f a c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4 ,i _c too /rongly advise ! "y ornam5ti/ to /udy ! pr9ciples on :i* ,nature works4 ,k ( ! laws :i* gov]n ! developm5t ( plant-gr[? is v desirable2 b x is n our place to imitate ev5 ! mo/ beautiful ( plant-=ms--?is be+ ! "w ( ! pictorial arti/s4 ,yet x is ours to /udy ,nature's laws1 & to obs]ve all h] beauty1 ev5 to h] mo/ subtle effects1 & !n we may safely pillage f h] all t we c consi/5tly adapt to our own purposes4 ,b 9 ord] t we produce ornam5t1 we mu/ infuse m9d or s\l into :atev] we borr[ f h]4 7,see page #b47 ,) ! view ( m fully impress+ ! mann] 9 :i* ,nature tea*es u pr9ciples :i* we may apply 9 art1 & ( aid+ ! /ud5t 9 8 inquiries1 we w give "o or two illu/rations4 ,?us ,fig4 #fd is a draw+ ( a spray ( ! gueld] rose 7,viburnum opulus7 :5 se5 f ! side1 or1 z ,i might express x1 :5 view$ z a wall decoration2 & ,fig4 #gj is ! same spray z se5 f above1 or1 to use ! same mann] ( expression1 :5 se5 z a floor patt]n4 ,fur!r1 ,fig4 #ga repres5ts a "y plant ( a species ( spe$well 7,v]onica7 z a wall ornam5t1 & ,fig4 #gb1 ! same plant :5 se5 z a floor ornam5t2 & ,figs4 #fe & #gc repres5t a portion ( ! goosegrass 7,galium ,ap>9e7 z se5 9 ! same two views4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4 ,f ^! illu/rations we see t plants furni% u ) types ( two ess5tially diff]5t ornam5ts1 :i* are adapt$ to ! decoration ( ! two positions ( wall & floor1 & may be introduc$ ) tru?ful expression & effect into wall-pap] or c>pet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4 ,ev5 :5 ! leaves appe> some:at disp]s$ ^u ! /em1 a pr9ciple ( ord] c yet be di/9ctly trac$ 9 ! mann] ( _! arrangem5t1 z is diagrammatically express$ 9 ,figs4 #gd1 #ge1 #gf2 & "h1 also1 ! top view gives u a regul> radiat+ ornam5t4#be #be ,! spray "h repres5t$ is t ( ! oak1 & ! diagram 7,fig4 #gd7 %[s ! ord]ly spiral mann] 9 :i* ! leaves spr+ f ! /em4 ,! same law prevails 9 ! fl[] t we h trac$ z exi/+ 9 ! arrangem5t ( leaves ^u ! /em3 ?us ,fig4 #gg1 :i* repres5ts ! ,london pride 7,saxifraga umbrosa71 af=ds an example ( a regul> radiat+ fl[]1 :i* we f9d s plac$1 9 diff]5t examples1 z to appe> z a floor or wall ornam5t2 & ,figs4 #gh & #gi1 ! =m] be+ ! fl[] ( ! spe$well 7,v]onica71 & ! latt] t ( ! common pansy 7,viola tricolor71 furni% u ) illu/rations ( bilat]al fl[]s int5d$ only z wall ornam5ts4 ,9 ord] to secure our see+ ! pansy only lat]ally1 x is furni%$ ) a b5t /alk2 h5ce x nev] re/s horizontally ^u ! summit ( its /em1 b always hangs s t x is p]fectly se5 only f ! side4 ,!re are cases1 h[ev]1 9 :i* bilat]al fl[]s are plac$ horizontally2 b x is v int]e/+ to notice t :5 ?is occurs ! disposition or arrangem5t ( ! fl[]s is su* z to re/ore ! radiat+ symmetry4 ,?us1 if we take ! c&ytuft 7,ib]is7 or ! common hemlock 7,conium71 we f9d t :ile ea* fl[] is bilat]al 9 "*1 ! fl[]s are yet arrang$ ar\nd a c5tre 9 su* a mann] t ! small] portion ( ea* fl[] po9ts to ! c5tre ( ! fl[]-head1 :ile ! l>g] p>ts po9t outw>ds f ! c5tre ( ! gr\p4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! tea*+s ( plants1 to :i* we are call$ ^u to he>k54 ,! above illu/rations are n only useful examples ( ! sugge/ions ( plant-=ms to ! ornam5ti/1 b =m excell5t mat]ial to ! art-/ud5t = ! conv5tional treatm5t ( leaves & sprays1 buds & blossoms4 ,!y w also s]ve to indicate ! k9d ( plant-=ms t %\ld be *os5 = decorative purposes4 ,/ud5ts ( ?is bran* ( art w\ld f9d x a useful practice to make a collection ( fl[]s & plants or p>ts ( plants t appe> to (f] features simil> to ^? ( :i* we h be5 writ+1 & te/ _! capabilities = decorative purposes1 by endeav\r+ to arrange !m = ! ornam5tation ( wall & floor1 z we h treat$ ! plant-=ms indicat$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,we h n[ se5 ! pr9ciple on :i* all c>pet patt]ns %\ld be con/ruct$ z di/9ctive f wall patt]ns1 & 9 ord] to impress ! necessity ( giv+ a radiat+ basis to ! ornam5ts plac$ ^u c>pets1 & n a bilat]al /ructure1 we h ref]r$ to ! pr9ciple ( plant gr[?1 :]e we notic$ t all plants1 :5 view$ z floor ornam5ts 7:5 view$ f above71 are ( a radiat+ "*2 :]eas if !y are se5 z wall or v]tical ornam5ts1 !y are ei!r radiat+ or bilat]al4 ,?is is a necessity ( a c>pet patt]n1 t x h a radiat+ /ructure1 or1 9 o!r words1 t x po9t 9 m ?an two directions4 ,man naturally accu/om$ to tread on grass1 :5 br\ght into a /ate ( civilisation1 seeks "s cov]+ = 8 floor :i* %all be s(t] to ! tread & ri*] 9 col\r ?an /one or brick4 ,& 9 our nor!rn climate he seeks also w>m?2 h5ce he *ooses n a m]e matt+1 or lattice ( re$s1 b a cov]+ su* z %all satisfy 8 requirem5ts4 ,9 e>ly times our floors appe> to h be5 /rewn ) s&--a cu/om /ill l+]+ 9 "s c\ntry di/ricts2 !n came ! habit ( /rew+ re$s ov] ! floor1 & on ! "p ( ! opul5t1 sweet-sc5t$ re$s 7,acorus calamus74 ,& x is curi\s to notice1 9 connection ) ?is subject1 t "o ( ! *>ges br\ght by ,h5ry ,,viii4 aga9/ ,c>d9al ,wolsey 0 t ( extravagance 9 ! use ( sweet re$s4 ,?is use ( re$s 0 succe$$ by ! employm5t ( mats ( simple appe>ance1 =m$ ( a k9d ( grass1 & ^! by ! introduction ( wool mats1 :i*1 at fir/1 7 *iefly import$1 b aft]w>ds manufactur$ 9 our own c\ntry4 ,! wool mats 7 9 _! turn replac$ by c>pets1 :i* gradually increas$ 9 size till _! proportions became su* z to cov] ! entire floor on :i* !y 7 plac$4 ,?is brief hi/ory br+s u to notice :at is requir$ ( a c>pet3--x %\ld be s(t 9 texture1 ri* 9 appe>ance1 & ( bloomy effect4 ,we may add to ^! requirem5ts by say+ t a c>pet %\ld also be a suitable backgr\nd to all works ( furniture or o!r objects plac$ ^u x1 & t 9 "* x %\ld accord ) ! objects ) :i* x is associat$ 9 any p>ticul> ap>tm5t4 ,consid]+ m fully ^! requirem5ts1 we notice t a c>pet %\ld be s(t4 ,?is is v desirable1 = s(tness gives a s5se ( com=t1 & ) s(tness is g5]ally comb9$ durability ( ! fabric2 b s(tness c sc>cely be reg>d$ z an art-quality4 ,yet z ! art :i* an object be>s is m l5i5tly view$ :5 ! fitness ( ! object to ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$ is app>5t1 we may safely reg>d s(tness z a v desirable quality ( a c>pet4 ,! ,ea/]n c>pets are pre-em95t 9 ?is quality ( s(tness1 & ( ,engli%-made c>pets ,brussels & tape/ry are ! lea/ satisfactory 9 ?is way2 z usually made1 !y h a h>d back+4 ,a k9d ( ,brussels c>pet+ ) a s(t back has rec5tly be5 br\ght out1 b at pres5t x is n g5]al 9 ! trade4 ,if ! c>pet employ$ 9 any ap>tm5t z a floor cov]+ is h>% 9 "*1 x is desirable to place s(t felt "u x 7felt = ?is purpose c be got at c>pet w>eh\ses71 or ev5ly spread s(t hay1 = by s do+ ! we> ( ! fabric w be greatly increas$1 & ! pleasure ( walk+ on x w also be correspond+ly great]4 ,! next quality ( a c>pet is ri*ness4 ,no c>pet is satisfactory :i* is wa%y or fad$ 9 appe>ance4 ,!re mu/ be dep? ( effect1 a fulness ( art-quality4 ,hang+s may be delicate1 wall-decorations s(t 9 t9t1 b a c>pet mu/ be ri* & full 9 effect1 yet a g5]al s(tness ( tone is desirable4 ,b ?is ri*ness mu/ be ( s+ul> "*1 = ! mo/ desirable effect :i* a c>pet c pres5t is t ( a gl[+ neutral bloom4 ,i hope t my language does n appe> my/ical to ! g5]al read] or "y /ud5t4 ,to ! ornam5ti/ ,i ?9k x w be intelligible4 ,:at ,i wi% to say is t ! effect %\ld be gl[+1 or radiant1 or bright1 z oppos$ to dull1 quiet1 or heavy2 t x %\ld be su* z results f ! use ( a pr$om9ance ( bright & w>m col\rs1 r ?an ( cold & neutral hues2 t x %\ld be neutral1 inasmu* z x %\ld n pres5t l>ge masses ( positive col\r1 hut %\ld h an equality ( ri* h>moni\s col\rs ?r\gh\t2 t x %\ld be bloomy1 or h ! effect ( a g>d5 full ( fl[]s1 or bett]1 ( ! slope ( a ,swiss alp1 :]e ! fl[]s comb9e to =m "o va/ h>moni\s gl[ ( col\r4 ,?is is ! effect :i* a c>pet %\ld pres5t1 yet x %\ld nev] pres5t fl[]s1 imitatively r5d]$1 z its ornam5tation4 ,su* imitative r5d]+s are n to be produc$ by ! ornam5ti/2 !y mu/ come f ! pictorial arti/1 = !y are pictures4 ,!y _c =m suitable backgr\nds to furniture & liv+ objects1 = !y are positive1 & n neutral1 9 _! g5]al effect4 ,a picture1 also1 w n be> repetition3 :oev] he>d ( "o p]son hav+ two copies ( ! same picture 9 "o room8 ,yet a pictorial gr\p ( fl[]s may be se5 repeat$ _m times ov] a floor1 :i* is v objectionable4 ,! effect to be produc$ is t ( a ri* col\r-bloom2 b ! skill$ ornam5ti/ w a*ieve ?is )\t violat+ any laws ( fitness1 & w g5tly & delicately h9t at ! beauty ( a pr(usion ( blossom ?r\gh 8 t5d]ly =m$ patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4 ,yet a c>pet mu/ be neutral 9 its g5]al effect1 z x is ! backgr\nd on :i* objects re/4 ,neutrality ( effect is ( two k9ds4 ,l>ge masses ( t]ti>y or neutral col\rs w a*ieve its production1 s also w ! juxtaposition ( ! prim>y col\rs 9 small quantities1 ei!r alone or ) ! second>y col\rs1 & black or :ite2 b !re w be ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! two effects--t produc$ by l[-ton$ col\rs w be simply neutral1 :ile t produc$ by ! prim>y col\rs w be bloomy z well z neutral1 & if yell[s & r$s slightly pr$om9ate 9 ! int]m+l+ ( col\rs1 ! effect w be gl[+ or radiant4 ,! radiant1 or gl[+1 bloomy neutrality ( effect is t :i* x is mo/ desirable t a c>pet %\ld pres5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4 ,?is effect is r>ely produc$ 9 ,engli% c>pets1 ow+ ei!r to ! want ( skill on ! "p ( ! ornam5ti/1 :o is unable to produce su* works2 ! want ( judgm5t on ! "p ( ! manufactur]1 :]eby he fails to produce su* patt]ns2 or ! want ( ta/e on ! "p ( ! consum]1 ow+ to :i* he buys works ( a m vulg> "*4 ,i h design$ c>pets 9 :i* ,i h s\ght to realise z mu* ( ?is effect z ,i c\ld ) six col\rs--! numb] to :i* ,i h be5 limit$ by ! conditions ( manufacture1 & =tunately ^! appe> to be comm&+ a l>ge sale1 & to be sett+ a fa%ion 9 c>pets2 b ^? :o wi% to /udy ^! bloomy effects 9 _! m p]fect =ms1 mu/ d s 9 ! c>pets ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,smyrna1 & ,morocco1 b especially 9 ! ,indian rugs4 ,"s ( ! c>pets f ,india are p]fect m>vels ( col\r-h>mony1 & ( radiant bloom4 ,!y appe> to gl[ z a b$ ( fl[]s 9 ! sun%9e1 & yet !y are neutral 9 _! g5]al effect1 & :5 plac$ 9 an ap>tm5t d n usurp a prim>y place1 z does any pictorially treat$ patt]n4 ,?is bloom 0 se5 to p]fection 9 "o or two silk rugs :i* 7 %[n at ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb 9 ,london1 & x 0 n mu* less app>5t 9 "s ( ! c>pets f ,india %[n 9 ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahfg4 ,mo/ ,indian c>pets h ?is col\r-bloom to "s ext5t1 & few are unwor?y ( c>eful /udy4 ,p]sian c>pets 7,fig4 #hj7 are also models ( :at c>pets %\ld be2 !y are less radiant ?an _m ( ! ,indian works1 b are almo/ m m+l$ 9 col\r-effect4 ,9 patt]n _m ( ! ,indian & ,p]sian c>pets are id5tical1 be+ traditional1 yet 9 col\r !y diff]1 & bo? are wor?y ( mu* consid]ation4 ,! ,morocco c>pets 7,fig4 #ha7 diff] aga9 f bo? ^? ( ,india & ,p]sia1 & ev5 to a great] degree ?an ! ,p]sian c>pet diff]s f ! ,indian4 ,9 ^! !re is (t5 a preval5ce ( s(t yell[s & juicy yell[-gre5s1 int]m+l$ ) r$s1 blues1 & grey-:ites1 9 su* a mann] z to produce a mo/ h>moni\s & arti/ic effect4 ,to ! "y /ud5t1 & to any :o may desire to cultivate 8 ta/e 9 respect to su* matt]s1 ,i say1 ,/udy ! c>pets ( ! ,ea/ mo/ c>efully1 especially ^? ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 & ,morocco4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4 ,indian c>pets1 su* z we h j ref]r$ to1 may be se5 at ! museum 9 ! build+ ( ! new ,india ,(fice at ,:itehall1 :i* museum is op5 free to ! public 7= examples1 see ,figs4 #hb1 #hc1 #hd74 ,z to ! nature ( ! patt]n :i* may be appli$ to a c>pet1 we h all-ov] patt]ns1 or patt]ns spread+ regul>ly all ov] ! surface2 geometrical patt]ns1 or ^? :i* h an app>5t regul>ity ( /ructure2 & panel patt]ns1 or ^? 9 :i* p>ticul> p>ts are1 z x 71 fram$ (f f o!r p>ts4 ,fir/1 z to all-ov] patt]ns4 ,^! are :at we almo/ always f9d 9 bo? ,indian & ,p]sian c>pets1 & are1 und\bt$ly1 ! true =m ( decoration = a wov5 floor cov]+4 ,:at is desirable is an ev5ly spread patt]n1 su* z w give ri*ness )\t de/roy+ ! unity ( ! entire effect4 ,! patt]n may h p>ts slightly acc5tuat$ or emphasis$ beyond o!r p>ts1 b n /rongly s1 & ?is emphasis+ ( p>ts mu/ be arrang$ ) ! view ( secur+ to ! patt]n special int]e/4 ,?us1 if a c>pet is view$ at a di/ance x %\ld n appe> z devoid ( all patt]n1 b ?r\gh ! slight pr$om9ance ( c]ta9 lead+ features 79 ,indian c>pets1 g5]ally ( ornam5tal fl[]s7 ! plan ( ! design %\ld be indicat$4 ,m detail %\ld be app>5t :5 ! "w is se5 f a ne>] po9t ( view1 & /ill m ^u close inspection2 b 9 no case %\ld any p>ts appe> /rongly pron\nc$1 or o!rwise ?an ref9$ & beautiful1 & 9 no case %\ld !re be a want ( int]e/ manife/$ by ! patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4 ,c>pet patt]ns are g5]ally bett] if f\nd$ on a geometrical plan4 ,9 ?is way mo/ ( ! ,indian & ,p]sian patt]ns are con/ruct$4 ,a geometrical plan secures to ! design a manife/ation ( ord] & ?\ght 9 its =mation4 ,panel patt]ns1 unless v c>efully manag$1 become co>se4 ,9 "s ,indian c>pets we f9d a sort ( panel 9 :i* ! col\r ( ! gr\nd is *ang$ f t ( ! g5]al gr\nd ( ! c>pet1 b "h ! panel has usually a truly ornam5tal =m1 & is1 inde$1 r a l>ge ornam5t ?an a sort ( frame enclos+ a di/9ct space4 ,:5ev] a panel occurs 9 an ,indian1 ,p]sian1 or ,moori% c>pet1 x is s manag$1 & its surr\nd+s are su*1 z to cause x to appe> z a "p natural to ! g5]al design2 b x is f> o!rwise ) ! panel patt]ns :i* we occasionally see 9 our %op-w9d[s z ! produce ( native indu/ry1 & x is f> o!rwise ) ^? :i* are us$ 9 va/ quantities by ! ,am]icans4 ,judg+ f ! c>pets :i* !y ord]1 ,i imag9e t n[h]e on e>? is ta/e 9 matt]s ( decorative art s deprav$ z x is 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is true t ! great floral patt]ns h ceas$ to be dem&$ by !m1 b !y are only replac$ by co>se1 raw-look+ panel patt]ns1 col\r$ 9 ! mo/ vulg> mann]1 & )\t ev5 a h9t at ref9em5t or h>mony ( col\r4 ,let ! patt]n be l\d & inh>moni\sly col\r$1 & ! *ances ( its sale 9 ! ,am]ican m>ket are great4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4 ,b we mu/ n =get t ev5 9 our own c\ntry bad patt]ns sell equally z well z good1 in>ti/ic patt]ns z well z ^? :i* are ( a m ref9$ "*1 & t ev5 "h 9 ,great ,brita9 m ( ! indiff]5t1 if n ( ! v bad1 sells ?an ( ! good4 ,let u ca/ ! beam1 !n1 f our own eye1 be=e we try to extract x f t ( ano!r4 ,! gr\nd col\r ( a c>pet may v>y mu*1 z we all "k2 x may be black1 blue1 r$1 gre51 or :ite1 or any o!r col\r4 ,if ! gr\nd ( a c>pet is pure :ite1 x is almo/ impossible t x look well4 ,:5 ,i make ?is ass]tion ,i am (t5 told t "s ( ! ,indian c>pets :i* ,i s mu* admire h :ite gr\nds4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,"s ( !m h light gr\nds1 b n pure :ite4 ,!y h light cream-grey1 or gre5-:ite gr\nds1 b n pure :ite1 & ?is v>iety ( tone altoge!r alt]s ! case4 ,yet ev5 ) a light-ton$ gr\nd x is n an easy matt] to make a c>pet :i* %all appe> z a suitable backgr\nd to ! furniture ( a room2 x c be done1 b x is a ?+ difficult to a*ieve4 ,! safe/ & be/ gr\nd = a c>pet is black or indigo blue4 ,if on ?is a closely fitt+1 well-/udi$ patt]n be arrang$1 drawn 9 small masses ( bright col\r1 a beautiful bloomy effect may be a*iev$1 & a glance at our be/ %op-w9d[s w %[ t ! mo/ satisfactory c>pets are col\r$ 9 ?is way4 ,z to ! size ( ! patt]n we c say b little1 z ?is w be det]m9$ by ! co>s5ess or f95ess ( ! fabric4 ,9 a ,brussels c>pet ea* /it* is ab\t ! "o-t5? ( an in* squ>e4 ,9 "s ,turkey c>pets ea* /it* is a qu>t] ( an in* squ>e4 ,x is obvi\s t a mu* small] & f9] patt]n c be produc$ 9 ,brussels ?an 9 ,turkey c>pet4 ,a c>pet patt]n is be/ small1 or at lea/ small 9 detail if n 9 ! ext5t ( ! design4 ,a patt]n may repeat ?ree or f\r times 9 ! wid? ( ! fabric 7tw5ty-sev5 in*es if ,brussels71 or b "o figure may be %[n1 yet 9 ?is latt] case ! detail ( ! patt]n may be z great z 9 ! =m]4 ,t degree ( smallness :i* is compatible ) tol]able di/9ctness ( detail is desirable4 ,= ?is reason ,turkey c>pets are n altoge!r satisfactory2 no f9e patt]n c be work$ 9 !m1 & besides ?is !y h no col\r-bloom & little col\r-h>mony4 ,9 "s respects !y are good1 b altoge!r !y are n satisfy+4 ,be=e ,i close ^! rem>ks ^u c>pets1 let me say t1 z design]s1 manufactur]s1 & consum]s1 we are "o & all timid ( new ?+s4 ,we want d>+--! en]gy to produce new ?+s1 to manufacture !m1 to use !m4 ,:at if ! patt]n is extreme1 if x is bett] ?an o!rs8 :at if ,mrs4 ,grundy %\ld ?9k u ecc5tric8--bett] be ecc5tric ?an ev] h>p+ on "o monotony4 ,if we c\ld b be> calmly ! d]isive smiles ( ! ignorant1 art-progress w\ld be easy4 ,) u c>pets cov] ! entire floor4 ,9 ,london ^! c>pets are nail$ to ! bo>ds1 & b seldom tak5 up4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& we f9d r+s sewn ar\nd ! "u edge ( ! c>pet1 :i* r+s are loop$ to ! heads ( nails4 ,c>pets s furni%$ c be m readily remov$ = clean+ ?an ^? :i* are nail$ to ! floor4 ,squ>e c>pets1 su* z ! ,turkey1 ,indian1 & ,p]sian1 are spread loosely on ! bo>ds1 & c be tak5 up & %ak5 )\t difficulty4 ,?is is unque/ionably ! mo/ heal?y plan ( us+ a c>pet1 & x is also an arti/ic plan4 ,if ! out] portion ( ! room floor is =m$ ( inlaid wood ( simple & suitable patt]n1 & a loose squ>e c>pet is spread 9 ! c5tre1 we h an arti/ic effect1 & ! desirable k t cleanl9ess is also atta9able ) a reasonable exp5diture ( lab\r4 ,be=e we leave ! consid]ation ( c>pets we w /ate 9 axiomatic =m ! conditions :i* gov]n ! application ( ornam5t to !m1 z ref]5ce c m easily be made to %ort concise s5t5ces ?an to m ext5d$ rem>ks4 #a/4 ,c>pet patt]ns may ) advantage h a geometrical =mation1 = ?is gives to ! m9d an idea ( ord] or arrangem5t4 #bnd4 ,:5 ! patt]n has n a geometrical basis1 a g5]al ev5ness ( surface %\ld be pres]v$4 #crd4 ,c>pets are bett] n =m$ into panels1 z ?\gh !y 7 works ( wood or /one2 on ! contr>y1 !y %\ld h a g5]al all-ov] effect )\t any great acc5tuation ( p>ticul> p>ts4 ,! ,indian & ,p]sian c>pets meet ?is requirem5t4 #d?4 ,:ile a c>pet %\ld pres5t a g5]al appe>ance ( ev5ness1 p>ts may yet be slightly pron\nc$ or emphasis$1 s z to give to ! m9d ! idea ( c5tres f :i* ! patt]n radiates4 #e?4 ,a c>pet %\ld1 9 "s respects1 resemble a bank ri*ly cov]$ ) fl[]s2 ?us1 :5 se5 f a di/ance ! effect %\ld be t ( a g5]al bloom ( col\r2 :5 view$ f a ne>] po9t x %\ld pres5t c]ta9 features ( some:at special int]e/2 & :5 look$ at closely new beauties %\ld make _! appe>ance4 #f?4 ,z a floor is a flat surface1 no ornam5tal cov]+ plac$ on x %\ld make x appe> o!rwise4 #g?4 ,a c>pet1 hav+ to s]ve z a backgr\nd to furniture1 %\ld be ( a some:at neutral "*4 #h?4 ,e c>pet1 h[ev] small1 %\ld h a bord]1 :i* is z necess>y to x z a frame is to a picture4 ,hav+ ?us summ>is$ ! pr9ciples t gov]n ! application ( ornam5t to c>pets1 we may proce$ to notice ! conditions gov]n+ ! decoration ( o!r wov5 fabrics4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,curta9 ,,mat]ials1 ,,hang+s1 ,,& ,,wov5 ,,fabrics ,,g5]ally4 ,9 ! consid]ation ( hang+s ( v>i\s k9ds1 we h fir/ to notice ! nature ( ! clo? on :i* ! patt]n is to be work$--:e!r x is ( op5 or close texture4 ,fabrics ( an op5 "* %\ld be> ^u !m a l>g] patt]n ?an ^? :i* are ?ick] or clos]4 ,! op5ness or clos5ess ( ! fabric w ?us det]m9e1 to an ext5t1 ! nature ( ! ornam5t :i* is to be plac$ ^u x4 ,musl9s1 be+ op5 9 "*1 %\ld h l>g] patt]ns ?an calicoes1 :i* are clos] 9 texture1 or ! patt]n w be indi/9ct 9 ! "o case or co>se 9 ! o!r4 ,b n only does texture influ5ce ! patt]n :5 consid]$ z to co>s5ess or f95ess1 b also ! nature ( ! clo? z reg>ds mat]ial4 ,?us silk w be> great] fulness ( col\r ?an musl9s or calico-pr9ts1 ow+ to ! fact t ! lu/re ( ! mat]ial1 by reflect+ light to ! eye ( ! obs]v]1 de/roys a c]ta9 portion ( ! int5sity ( ! effect ( col\r :i* a less reflective mat]ial w\ld exhibit4 ,silk1 z a mat]ial1 also conveys to ! m9d an idea ( co/l9ess or wor?1 & :]ev] ! mat]ial does s ! patt]n may be ri*] 9 col\r ?an x %\ld be 9 *eap] & common] fabrics4 ,if a patt]n is 9 two t9ts ( ! same col\r only1 z 9 ! case ( ^? wov5 silks :]e ! patt]n is =m$ by ! contra/ ( tabby & sat91 x may be consid]ably l>g] ?an 9 ^? cases :]e x is r5d]$ conspicu\s by col\rs4 ,?is latt] rem>k w apply also to damask table-l951 & to all simil> mat]ials1 z well z to dress fabrics1 & drap]ies su* z w9d[ hang+s2 b ( ^! we %all say a ^w %ortly4 ,! clos5ess or op5ness ( a fabric %\ld1 !n1 be consid]$ :5 we design patt]ns = its enri*m5t1 & s %\ld ! nature ( ! mat]ial1 z ?is w influ5ce its deadness or lu/re4 ,b !re are also o!r consid]ations :i* mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,if ! patt]n is to be wr\ght by pr9t+1 !n "o class ( conditions mu/ be compli$ )2 if by weav+1 !n ano!r class ( requirem5ts call = consid]ation4 ,! requirem5ts ( manufacture are mu* m num]\s ?an might be suppos$1 & are 9 "s cases v re/rictive4 ,! size ( ! repeat1 ! mann] 9 :i* col\r c be appli$1 ! "* ( surface atta9able1 & _m o!r consid]ations h to be c>efully compli$ ) be=e a patt]n c appe> z a manufactur$ article4 ,! *ief fault ( patt]ns1 z appli$ to fabrics g5]ally1 is _! want ( simplicity--want ( simple /ructure1 want ( simple treatm5t1 want ( simplicity ( effect2 & toge!r ) ?is we g5]ally f9d l>g5ess & co>s5ess ( p>ts4 ,^! errors arise *iefly out ( a want ( consid]ation ( ! capabilities ( ! mat]ial4 ,:at c be done ) ?is or t p>ticul> fabric1 is a "q t we %\ld c>efully ask ourselves be=e we ?9k ( prep>+ a design4 ,h we col\r at our disposal1 or texture m]ely8 & if col\r1 c x be employ$ freely or only sp>+ly8 & c any desir$ col\rs be plac$ 9 juxtaposition or only c]ta9 t9ts8 ,^! are que/ions ( great importance1 & !y %\ld be ask$ & c>efully consid]$ be=e ! fir/ /ep is tak5 t[>ds ! =mation ( a patt]n4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ :at c be done ) ! mat]ial at comm&1 let u ev] rememb] t we %\ld always endeav\r to s employ ! capabilities ( a mat]ial z to conceal its weakness & emphasise its m desirable effects4 ,if ?is consid]ation 7 always giv5 by design]s to ! p[] :i* ! mat]ial has ( yield+ effects1 we %\ld see1 9 v _m in/ances1 effects /rangely diff]5t f ^? :i* we (t5 enc\nt]2 & ?is rem>k applies to no class ( fabrics m fully ?an to damask table-l95 & col\r$ damask w9d[ hang+s4 ,no satisfactory effect c be got 9 light & %ade ^u any wov5 or pr9t$ fabric2 besides1 to attempt su* a mode ( treatm5t is absurd4 ,light & %ade belong only to pictorial art4 ,! ornam5ti/ :5 enri*+ a fabric deals only ) a surface1 & has no ?\ght ( plac+ pictures !reon2 he has simply to enri* or beautify t :i* )\t 8 art w\ld be pla9 & unornam5tal4 ,a picture w nev] be> repetition4 ,:o ev] he>d ( a man hav+ two copies ( "o picture 9 a room8 ,yet h[ mu* m absurd is x to repeat a little picture--p]haps a pictorially r5d]$ fl[]--a hundr$ times ov] "o surface6 ,besides ?is1 a surface mu/ always be treat$1 = decorative purposes1 z a surface1 & n 9 a mann] calculat$ to deceive by giv+ app>5t relief1 or ?ickness1 to t :i* is ess5tially )\t ?ickness4 ,take a common damask table-cov]4 ,?is is by cu/om almo/ always :ite1 al?\gh x w\ld be bett] if ( a deep cream-col\r1 or s(t buff2 & ! patt]n :i* x be>s results f a *ange ( surface only 7:y a m>g9 ( +ra9 col\r is n add$1 ,i c\ld nev] see72 yet 9 n9e cases out ( t5 ! patt]n :i* is pres5t$ by su* a fabric is a mis]able %ad$ attempt at a pictorial treatm5t1 & is also a ?or\gh failure4 ,simplicity ( patt]n naturally accords ) a simple mode ( production1 & ! means ( produc+ patt]n 9 damasks is c]ta9ly mo/ simple4 ,t !re is a natural h>mony betwe5 simplicity ( patt]n & simple means ( produc+ an art-effect is obvi\s1 = ( all patt]ns t ,i h ev] se5 ^u damask table-l95 ! simple spot1 or dot1 is ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,if1 comb9$ ) ?is spot1 we h a bord] =m$ ( a simple ,greek key-patt]n1 or ( m]e l9es 7a v usual bord] to good clo?s71 ! effect is p]fectly satisfy+1 &1 z f> z x goes1 is highly to be comm5d$4 ,x is curi\s t ?is spot is only sold 9 ! bett] quality ( table-l95 7at lea/ s !y tell me 9 ! ,city71 & ?is %[s t ! weal?y1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! educat$1 buy su* patt]ns1 z !y pref] ! true to ! m]etrici\s1 :ile ! false & %[y devices :i* we see on ! common clo?s please only ! common p ( vulg> ta/e4 ,i am n sure1 h[ev]1 t _m p]sons1 ^: means are limit$1 w\ld n buy spots & o!r simple1 b correctly treat$1 patt]ns1 if su* 7 to be got 9 common qualities ( damask2 b :5 ! pocket mu/ gov]n ! pur*ase1 x is h>d to say t ! false is pref]r$ to ! true1 if ! true is n procurable ) ! means at comm&4 ,:ile ,i _c )hold praise f ?is little spot1 x mu/ n be ?\ght t ,i !reby give to x a high place z an art-"w4 ,little is "h attempt$1 & t little is done well4 ,b let u analyse ?is patt]n4 ,fir/1 ! spots are ( "o t9t ?r\gh\t1 if ,i may ?us express myself--a t9t1 %all we say1 :i* is ! rev]se ( t ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is n %ad$ s t x may appe> z a ball or globe1 & is n graduat$ 9 col\r 9 any way 77 x graduat$ or %ad$1 feebl5ess ( effect mu/ inevitably accrue71 b is a simple1 hone/ spot1 treat$ z a surface ornam5t4 ,secondly1 ?is spot is geometrically arrang$1 or1 9 o!r words1 has an ord]ly arrangem5t4 ,if an attempt is made at r5d]+ a pictorial1 or light-&-%ade effect1 9 damask1 an absurd failure c alone result1 = dep? ( %ade is n obta9able 9 ! mat]ial2 &1 besides ?is1 :at appe>s z %ade1 :5 ! clo? is se5 f "o po9t ( view1 appe>s z light if se5 f ano!r po9t ( view4 ,no?+ c\ld be m absurd1 !n1 ?an seek+ to produce %ad$ effects ) su* means z are "h at our disposal4 ,b 7 ! fabric capable ( r5d]+ su* effects1 x w\ld /ill be wrong to employ !m1 z we deal only ) ! surface1 & are seek+ to enhance ! value (1 or beautify1 a fabric1 & n to cov] x ) pictures4 ,9 our simple spot we h ^? elem5ts :i* may be ext5d$ into ! ri*e/ & mo/ arti/ic damask patt]ns4 ,we h ord]--z indicat$ by ! geometrical plan ( ! patt]n--& an hone/ & simple expression1 or application1 ( ! capabilities ( ! mat]ial4 ,all table-cov]s %\ld c]ta9ly h a bord]4 ,any object :i* is to be us$ z a :ole looks unsatisfactory if x appe>s z ?\gh x 7 "p ( a :ole4 ,if a clo? is )\t bord] x is impossible to avoid ! impression t x is a "p ( a l>g] clo?1 & 9 e respect ! g5]al effect is decid$ly unsatisfactory4 ,x is p]haps well t we notice "o peculi>ity ( a table-cov] be=e we dismiss ! consid]ation ( su* fabrics1 :i* is ?is1 t :ile ! c5tral portion is se5 flat1 ! bord] portion is view$ 9 folds2 & "h we come to "o ( ! great peculi>ities ( mo/ drap]ies1 t ( _! be+ view$ n z flat surfaces1 b 9 waves or folds4 ,"o portion ( a table-clo? is1 h[ev]1 se5 flat1 b ?is is almo/ an exception 9 ! case ( drap]ies4 ,ano!r exception to ?is rule ( hang+s appe>+ 9 folds1 & t ( a v complete "*1 occurs 9 silk damasks :i* are us$ z a ri* l9+ to ! walls ( palaces & "s mansions2 b ( table-clo?s we w speak = ! pres5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4 ,! c5tral "p ( a table-clo?1 t portion :i* is always to be view$ z a flat surface1 may be enri*$ ) any diap] patt]n t is simply treat$1 & ?is diap] patt]n may be full ( design1 provid$ ! p>ts are n too l>ge or too small4 ,x may also be =m$ ( gracefully curv$ p>ts1 or ( /raight l9es or circles1 or ( any comb9ation ( ^! elem5ts2 b1 pref]ably1 n :olly ( /raight l9es4 ,7 x n = ! fact t mu* ( ?is c5tral portion ( ! clo? is to be cov]$ by articles ( ! d9n]-table1 x might well be furni%$ ) a c5tral ornam5t1 repeat+ only 9 qu>t]s2 b z su* an ornam5t1 9 ord] t x be satisfy+1 requires to be se5 z a :ole1 x is n desirable t su* be "h employ$4 ,a diap] patt]n t repeats _m times 9 ! c5tre is pref]able1 z ! patt]n c !n be se5 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4 ,! bord] ( a table-clo?1 l all fabrics t are to be se5 9 folds1 requires special treatm5t1 = :at looks well :5 se5 z a flat surface may n look well :5 se5 on a wav$ surface4 ,t5d] & graceful curves are lo/ :5 view$ ^u folds1 = !y "h appe> z m]e wormy l9es4 ,on ! contr>y1 "r l9es1 :e!r horizontal or diagonal1 & circles1 all look well :5 se5 ^u wav$ gr\nds4 ,^! l9es become1 ow+ to ! folds ( ! fabric1 curves ( a subtle "*4 ,! mann] 9 :i* l9es become influ5c$ by fall+ on a curv$ surface c be readily illu/rat$ by =m+ semicircles ( pap]1 & fold+ !m into cones1 aft] hav+ drawn ^u !m a s]ies ( circles 7,fig4 #he7 or /raight l9es 7,fig4 #hf74 ,if ^! cones 7,figs4 #hg & #hh7 are n[ view$ f above1 or 9 su* a mann] t ! eye re/s ov] ! apices1 x w be se5 t ! circles h n[ become ri*ly v>i$ curves1 ea* hav+ some:at ! =m ( a blunt he>t or c>dioid 7,fig4 #hi71 & t ! /raight l9es become horse-%oe-%ap$ 7,fig4 #ij74 ,^! illu/rations w be suffici5t to %[ t :at is pla9 :5 se5 ^u a flat surface may be delicate & satisfy+ if se5 ^u a curv$ surface2 & w also lead u to und]/& t :at may be delicate & ref9$ :5 se5 ^u a flat surface may become feeble & unsatisfactory if fall+ ^u a wav$ gr\nd4 ,i h said t /ripes or /raight l9es1 if cross+ a fold$ fabric1 are satisfactory4 ,?is is s 9 almo/ all cases1 ! only exception be+ 9 ladies' dresses4 ,"h l9es cross+ ! fabric are n satisfactory1 z !y become r+s ar\nd ! body1 :i* appe> to divide x into hoop-l /rata4 ,! patt]ns ( dresses may consi/ ( n>r[1 v]tical /ripes1 z ^! are collect$ toge!r at ! wai/ ( ! figure1 & fall into graceful curves ) any motion ( ! body1 b ! v opposite is ! case ) w9d[-hang+s4 ,all v]tical /ripes are "h highly (f5sive1 :ile horizontal /ripes are ?or\ghly satisfactory4 ,a consid]ation ( ! w9d[-hang+ mat]ials made 9 ,spa91 ,alg]ia1 & on ! ,morocco coa/1 w %[ u ! beauty ( horizontal /ripes2 & 9 "s ( ! little ,alg]ian w>eh\ses1 su* z we h 9 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,london1 & 9 ! ,rue de ,rivoli 9 ,p>is1 we see "s ( ^! fabrics ( a mo/ int]e/+ "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4 ,to /ate 9 a concise =m ! laws :i* %\ld gov]n ! application ( ornam5t to c]ta9 fabrics :i* are to be se5 9 folds1 ,i %\ld say-- #a/4 ,great simplicity ( patt]n is necess>y4 #bnd4 ,circles1 /raight l9es cross+ ! fabric1 & diagonal l9es are all correct 9 su* a case1 & are improv$ by ! folds1 :i* =m !m into subtle & beautiful curves 7,fig4 #ia74 #crd4 ,if curves are t5d] & graceful1 !y become commonplace on a wav$ or fold$ gr\nd4 #d?4 ,! size ( ! patt]n %\ld be consid]$ 9 relation to ! size ( ! folds ( ! mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic4 ,9 ,g]many a k9d ( ornam5t is appli$ to ri* /iff fabrics :i* is almo/ peculi> to ! c\ntry4 ,?is ornam5t is ri*1 bold1 h>d or /iff 9 its l9es1 & 9 e way adapt$ = ! decoration ( a co/ly fabric :i* falls 9 l>ge folds1 ! folds *ang+ ! h>d & /iff l9es into graceful curves4 ,?is %\ld also be not$ respect+ ^! curi\s yet beautiful patt]ns1 t !y are always simple 9 plan1 h[ev] ri* 9 detail1 & are inv>iably f\nd$ on a geometrical basis4 ,g]man ,go?ic is a "n by :i* su* ornam5t may be di/+ui%$ 7flat ,go?ic ornam5t has always be5 q di/9ct f ! /one & metal ornam5ts ( ,go?ic build+s1 :i* h solid & n m]ely sup]ficial =m71 see ,figs4 #ib & #ic4 ,?is p>ticul> class ( ornam5t =ms ! backgr\nd to _m old pictures1 a mo/ int]e/+ collection ( :i* exi/s 9 ! museum ( ,cologne1 & is c]ta9ly wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful /udy4 ,z to flat silk wall-damasks1 :i* are us$ 9 "s ( ! upp]-class h\ses z wall-pap]s are us$ 9 ! middle-class h\ses1 all t ne$ be said is t !y %\ld be treat$ z wall decorations1 & n z fabrics :i* are to be se5 fold$4 ,7 ,i ask$ :e!r ,i approve ( ^! damasks z wall cov]+s1 ,i %\ld say1 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,a wall is bett] treat$ z a wall1 & n s cov]$ ) drap]y z to leave space = v]m9 betwe5 ! wall & its enri*m5t4 ,!re is also ! fur!r objection t ! l9es :]e ! fabric is jo9$ are visible1 & ^! are mo/ c]ta9ly objectionable4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4 ,besides ! illu/rations ( ,g]man ornam5t j giv51 we figure also a specim5 ( ,indian embroid]y on cotton 7,fig4 #id74 ,i _c too /rongly recomm5d ! design] ( patt]ns = wov5 goods to /udy ! native fabrics ( ,india1 exhibit$ at ! ,indian ,museum1 ,:itehall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4 ,besides ! collection "h br\ght toge!r1 !re is also 9 mo/ ( our manufactur+ t[ns a l>ge s]ies ( specim5s ( ^! clo?s deposit$ ) ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 & ^! c be consult$ by all respectable memb]s ( ! community4 ,speak+ ( ^! ,indian fabrics1 ,mr4 ,r$grave says1 9 8 ,report on ,design prep>$ = ! ,commission]s ( ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahea3--,^! are almo/ :olly design$ on ! pr9ciples "h presum$ to be j ones--! ornam5t is always flat1 & )\t %ad[2 natural fl[]s are nev] us$ imitatively or p]spectively1 b are conv5tionalis$ by be+ display$ flat & accord+ to a symmetrical arrangem5t2 & all o!r objects1 ev5 animals & birds1 :5 us$ z ornam5t1 are r$uc$ to _! simple/ flat =m4 ,:5 col\r is add$1 x is usually r5d]$ by ! simple/ local hue1 (t5 bord]$ ) a d>k] %ade ( ! col\r1 to give x a cle>] expression2 b ! %ades ( ! fl[]s are r>ely introduc$4 ,! clo? ( gold figur$ 9 ! loom 7,fig4 #ie71 & "p ( an ,indian sc>f 7,fig4 #if71 illu/rate fully ^! rem>ks4 ,! ornam5t is geometrically & symmetrically arrang$1 flat1 9 simple t9ts1 & bord]$1 z above describ$1 ) d>k] %ades ( ! local col\r4 ,! pr9ciple ( col\r adopt$ is a balance ( ! complem5t>ies r$ & gre51 9 bo? cases ) :ite introduc$ to give po9ts ( expression1 & to lead ! eye to ! symmetrical arrangem5t ( ! ornam5t4 ,9 ,fig4 #ie purple is introduc$ to h>monise ) ! gold gr\nd1 a h>mony v frequ5tly us$ 9 ! ri* tissues ( ,india4 ,9 ,fig4 #if v>iety has be5 obta9$ by introduc+ two r$s1 giv+ an int]*ange ( a light] t9t 9 e o!r fl[] 9 ! bord]4 ,! bord]s ( ^! sc>ves are beautifully illu/rative ( ! simple & graceful fl[+ l9es :i* *>act]ise ,indian ornam5t2 & 9 ,fig4 #if we c obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,ea/]n & ! m$iaeval patt]ns--:ile ! same pr9ciples are ackn[l$g$ 9 bo?1 ! latt] are (t5 /iff] & m angul> ?an ! graceful sprigs ( ?is bord]4 ,bo? ^! works %[ h[ mu* beauty may be obta9$ by simple means1 :5 regulat$ by j pr9ciples1 & h[ p]fectly unnecess>y are ! multipli$ t9ts by :i* mod]n design]s ?9k to give value to _! works1 b :i* increase ! difficulties ( production out ( all proportion to any effect result+ f !m--nay1 (t5 ev5 to ! absolute disadvantage ( ! fabric4 ,if we look at ! details ( ! ,indian patt]ns1 we %all be surpris$ at _! extreme simplicity1 & be l$ to wond] at _! ri* & satisfactory effect2 x w soon be evid5t1 h[ev]1 t _! beauty results entirely f adh]5ce to ! pr9ciples above describ$4 ,! p>ts !mselves are (t5 poor1 ill-drawn1 & common-place2 yet1 f ! k ( ! design]1 due att5tion to ! j ornam5tation ( ! fabric1 & ! ref9$ delicacy evid5t 9 ! selection ( quantity & ! *oice ( t9ts1 bo? = ! gr\nd1 :]e gold is n us$ z a gr\nd1 & = ! ornam5tal =ms1 ! fabrics1 individually & z a :ole1 are a lesson to our design]s & manufactur]s1 giv5 by ^? f :om we lea/ expect$ x4 ,mu* t ,mr4 ,r$grave "h says is wor?y ( c>eful consid]ation1 & ,i c d no m ?an recomm5d ! /ud5t to /udy ^! beautiful ,indian fabrics1 & consid] !m 9 conjunction ) ! rem>ks :i* we h made respect+ !m & fabrics 9 g5]al4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,division ,i4 ,9 ?is *apt] ,i h to comm5ce our consid]ation ( pott]y1 & ( holl[ vessels especially2 & ?is ,i d ) consid]able pleasure1 z works 9 pott]y enjoy a long] exi/5ce1 ?\gh ?r\gh ! "* ( ! mat]ial ( :i* !y are made !y are m fragile1 ?an ^? =m$ ( almo/ any o!r sub/ance4 ,_m works ( ,greek pott]y are kn[n to u1 & n a few su* works by ! anci5t ,egyptians1 & ^! are pres]v$ n z fragm5ts m]ely1 b z works 9 _! entirety1 & ) ! same beauty t !y possess$ :5 fir/ !y left ! h&s ( ! workman4 ,clay is a mo/ desirable mat]ial ) :i* to =m works ( utility & ( beauty1 & ?is = _m reasons4 ,fir/1 x is s inexp5sive z to be almo/ valueless2 secondly1 x is easily =m$ into vessels ( almo/ any requir$ %ape2 ?irdly1 x is capable ( be+ work$ into %apes ( great beauty by a mom5t>y ex]cise ( skill2 f\r?ly1 clay is naturally ( _m beautiful col\rs2 fif?ly1 x is capable ( receiv+ by application to its surface any am\nt ( col\r1 & ( pres]v+ su* col\rs z are appli$ to x 9 an unimpair$ /ate = ages2 & six?ly1 x is susceptible ( ! highe/ art-f9i%1 or ! bold sket*y t\* ( ! modell]'s h&4 ,i say t clay is a v desirable mat]ial = =mation into vessels ( v>i\s k9ds1 because ( its inexp5sive "*4 ,?is quality ( *eapness gives to ! mat]ial an advantage ov] _m o!r sub/ances ( a mu* m co/ly "*1 su* z %\ld n be ov]look$1 = ! long exi/5ce :i* s _m works ( e>!nw>e h _h is ma9ly due to ! wor?lessness ( ! mat]ial ( :i* !y are compos$4 ,9 my fir/ *apt] ,i gave an extract f ! writ+s ( ,pr(essor ,george ,wilson1 %[+ t gold & silv]1 :ile beautiful 9 !mselves1 & wor?y to be fa%ion$ into exquisite devices1 are yet too tempt+ to ! ?ief1 & to all :o are press$ = means1 to rema9 long 9 ! =m ( art-works4 ,families :o h be5 r$uc$ 9 circum/ances1 & h !reby be5 con/ra9$ to "p ) _! old plate1 h melt$ x1 s z to hide _! %ame4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 let me quote f ! ,h&book ( ! ,arts ( ! ,middle ,ages & ,r5aissance1 z appli$ to ! ,decoration ( ,furniture1 ,arms1 ,jewels1 etc41 translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,m4 ,jules ,lab>te1 #ahef4 ,aft] giv+ ! names ( _m work]s 9 ! preci\s metals1 ! au?or says3--,we may =m "s idea ( :at arti/s ^! ,italian goldsmi?s 7 ( ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies1 & :at admirable works !y mu/ h produc$4 ,b1 alas6 ^! noble works h almo/ all p]i%$2 _! arti/ic wor? prov+ no safegu>d aga9/ cupidity or necessity1 ! fe> ( pillage1 or ! love ( *ange4 ,b a v few names ev5 ( ^? skill$ arti/s h desc5d$ to u1 & 9 mak+ kn[n ^? pres]v$ to u 9 ! writ+s ( ,vas>i1 ,b5v5uto1 ,cell9i1 & o!rs1 we c r>ely po9t out any ( _! works z be+ /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,cell9i tells u t :ile ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii4 0 besieg$ 9 ! ca/le ( ,/4 ,angelo1 he receiv$ ord]s to unset all ! preci\s /ones t 7 ^u ! ti>as1 ! sacr$ vessels1 & ! jewels ( ! sov]eign pontiff2 & to melt d[n ! gold1 ( :i* he obta9$ #bjj p\nds4 ,h[ _m arti/ic treasures mu/ h p]i%$ 9 ! crucible ( ,cell9i4 ,we n[ see cle>ly t :ile clay is a mu* m fragile mat]ial ?an ei!r silv] or gold1 its v wor?lessness1 despite its fragility1 gives to x l5g? ( ye>s4 ,we h said t clay is easily =m$ into vessels ( almo/ any requir$ %ape4 ,?is is s )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,?r\gh\t ^! *apt]s ,i h lo/ no opportunity ( insi/+ ^u ! importance ( work+ e mat]ial 9 a befitt+ mann]1 & 9 ! mo/ simple & easy way 9 :i* ! mat]ial c be wr\ght4 ,almo/ e mat]ial c be simply work$ 9 "s way1 or :ile 9 "s p>ticul> condition4 ,glass has a molt5 /ate 9 :i* x c be bl[n into ! mo/ beautiful ( %apes1 & ?is process ( bl[+ is ! "w ( b a few seconds4 ,glass has also a solid condition1 yet z x c be =m$ into works ( great beauty by ! ex]cise ( mom5t>y skill1 x w\ld be extremely fooli% to take a mass ( ! solid glass1 & by labori\s gr9d+ =m x into a bottle or a b[l4 ,x =tunately happ5s t if a mat]ial is work$ 9 its mo/ simple & befitt+ mann]1 ! results obta9$ are m beautiful & satisfy+ ?an ^? :i* are arriv$ at by any r\ndab\t me?od ( production4 ,glass %\ld be =m$ into holl[ vessels only :5 9 its pla/ic condition1 = x _c be %ap$ into ! =m ( su* vessels z we require :5 9 its solid /ate )\t ! exp5diture ( mu* unnecess>y1 !re=e wa/eful1 lab\r4 ,b if a mass ( cry/al or m>ble is requir$ to assume ! =m ( a b[l or font1 !n ! labori\s process ( gr9d+ mu/ be resort$ to1 = ^! sub/ances h no pla/ic /ate4 ,! pott]'s :eel has be5 kn[n f ! e>lie/ hi/oric "t1 & ?is has at all times be5 ! in/rum5t ) :i* ! be/ e>!n vessels h be5 =m$4 ,a mass ( clay ( suitable size is plac$ on a horizontal disc ( wood1 to :i* a rot>y motion is imp>t$4 ,! op]ator presses 8 ?umbs into ! c5tre ( ! clay1 & !n1 by caus+ 8 f+]s to approa* 8 ?umbs1 manipulates ! clay into a cup1 a b[l1 a vase1 an e>!n bottle1 or :atev] =m he may please2 & if skilful1 ! op]ator c =m objects ( m>vell\s beauty ) a rapidity t a/oni%es all :o see = ! fir/ "t 8 mode ( work+4 ,if pott]s w\ld b cont5t !mselves1 9 ord] to ! production ( su* articles z we require 9 common life1 ) ! pott]'s :eel1 we %\ld be almo/ sure ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( beauty 9 dome/ic e>!nw>e1 b su* is n ! case4 ,!y make fancy m\lds ( pla/] ( ,p>is & ( wire gauze1 & roll out clay z ! pa/rycook does d\gh1 & manipulate x z s mu* pie-cru/1 in/ead ( apply+ to x simple skill4 ,nei!r a b[l nor a plate ne$ h a scallop$ edge1 inde$ !y are mu* bett] )\t x2 & if unnecess>y1 & ev5 undesirable1 absurdities 7 avoid$1 & a simple & natural me?od ( work+ ea* mat]ial alone employ$1 a great improvem5t 9 art w\ld spe$ily take place4 ,x is /range b true1 t ! work] 9 "o mat]ial seems r>ely to be satisfi$ ) mak+ 8 works look z well & z consi/5t z possible2 he desires r to =m poor imitations ( some?+ else4 ,we h all se5 e>!n jugs made 9 imitation ( wick]-"w1 al?\gh to d s is obvi\sly fooli%1 z no wick] vessel c\ld hold wat]1 & ! ?+ imitat$ is mu* less beautiful ?an a ?\s& =ms :i* clay is capable ( assum+4 ,m5's heads )\t bra9s are1 or 7 at lea/1 fav\rite jugs4 ,well1 t !re are _m models = ?is idea 9 ,nature1 ,i d\bt n2 yet :y we %\ld copy !m by mak+ a jug 9 ! =m ( a holl[ head1 ,i "k n4 ,i h 9 my possession a milk-jug1 su* z is common 9 ! di/rict ( ,swansea 9 ,s\? ,wales1 9 ! lik5ess ( a c[4 ,! tail is twi/$ into a h&le2 by a hole 9 ! back ! milk is admitt$1 & ?r\gh ! m\? x is eject$4 ,a m wret*$ & co>se idea x is sc>cely possible to conceive (1 yet ! vulg> admire ?is jug4 ,let u "w ! mat]ial 9 a simple & befitt+ mann]1 & satisfactory results are almo/ sure to accrue4 ,i h said t clay1 z su*1 has _m beautiful col\rs4 ,naturally clay is black1 grey-:ite1 r$1 br[n1 & yell[1 & x is capable ( assum+ _m desirable t9ts by ! ag5cy ( *emical means4 ,we d n use col\r$ clays z we %\ld d4 ,we want s mu* :ite--ev]y?+ to look s clean4 ,all ornam5tal w>e1 at lea/1 %\ld be arti/ic1 & ! art-effect %\ld sup]s$e t cold :it5ess :i* ! ,dut* & ! ,engli% mi/ake = cleanl9ess4 ,a clay ( good natural col\r is n a ?+ to be hidd51 or a%am$ (4 ,clay is capable1 :5 glaz$1 ( receiv+ any am\nt ( col\r1 & ( pres]v+ ^! col\rs 9 _! beauty = almo/ any l5g? ( "t4 ,^! qualities are invaluable to ! ornam5ti/4 ,col\r is n always at 8 disposal4 ,! goldsmi? has difficulty 9 gett+ x1 b to ! pott] x is v accessible4 ,col\r is capable ( giv+ to objects a *>m :i* !y c\ld n possibly h )\t x4 ,let u use ! p[] ?us plac$ at our disposal rightly & well1 & !n ! endur+ "* ( ! col\r-h>monies :i* we produce may gladd5 po/]ity 9 ages yet to come4 ,clay is susceptible ( ! highe/ art-f9i%1 or ( a bold sket*y treatm5t4 ,f9i% is v desirable 9 "s cases4 ,! cup :i* my lady uses 9 h] b\doir %\ld be delicate & f9e1 = :at is wor?y to approa* ! sacr$ lips ( ! occupant ( a fair ap>tm5t b su* a "w z is t5d] & ref9$8 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 we ov]-e/imate ! value ( f9i%1 & "u-value bold art-effects4 ,excessive f9i% (t5 7b by no means always7 de/roys art-effect4 ,i h be=e me "s specim5s ( ,japanese e>!nw>e1 :i* are =m$ ( a co>se d>k br[n clay1 & are to a great ext5t )\t t f9i% :i* mo/ ,europeans appe> s mu* to value1 yet ^! are arti/ic & beautiful4 ,9 ! case ( *eap goods we sp5d "t 9 gett+ smoo?ness ( surface1 :ile ! ,japanese devote x to ! production ( an art-effect4 ,we get f9i% )\t art1 !y pref] art )\t f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4 ,we mu/ n[ devote ourselves to a special consid]ation ( ! %apes ( e>!n vessels1 & to ! mann] 9 :i* ornam5t %\ld be appli$ to !m4 ,9 8 primitive condition man appe>s to h us$ ! %ells ( c]ta9 fruits z dr9k+ vessels & bottles2 & to ?is day we f9d _m tribes ( uncivilis$ or half-civilis$ m5 us+ ! same class ( vessels4 ,monkey-pots 7! h>d %ells ( ! ,lecy?is all>ia71 ! cov]+s ( ! ,brazil nut 7,b]?oletia excelsa71 & especially ! r9ds ( ! calaba% & _m species ( g\rd 7,figs4 #ig & #ih71 h be5 us$ 9 ?is way4#bf ,! fir/ ef=ts made at ! production ( e>!n vessels 7 m]e attempts at copy+ 9 clay ! =ms ( ! fruit-%ells :i* 7 9 use z dr9k+ vessels4 ,aft] a p[] ( =m+ e>!n vessels1 hav+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( p]fection ( manufacture1 0 ga9$1 we /ill f9d ! orig9 ( ! pott]'s art manife/$ by c]ta9 works4 ,?us 9 ,*9a1 :]e ! pott]'s art has s long be5 und]/ood1 we /ill f9d vessels made 9 ! =m ( ! bottle-g\rd1 j z 0 _! cu/om 9 ! days ( _! fir/ manufactur+ ef=ts 7,fig4 #ii74 ,be=e consid]+ ! %apes ( vessels f a utilit>ian po9t ( view1 ,i %\ld tell ! /ud5t t c]ta9 %apes are *>act]i/ic ( diff]5t nations & ( diff]5t p]iods ( "t4 #bf ,all :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is subject are ref]r$ to a pap] publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,ed9burgh ,botanical ,society1 = #ahei1 by ,pr(essor ,george ,wilson1 on ! ,fruits ( ! ,cucurbitaceae4 ,! ,greek %apes1 z we may call !m--t is1 ! =ms ( ^? vessels :i* ! ,greeks produc$--are ( a p>ticul> class1 & ! vessels produc$ by ! ,egyptians are ( a diff]5t type2 :ile ^? ( ! ,*9ese1 ,indians1 ,japanese1 & ,mexicans aga9 diff] f ea* o!r1 & f ^? ( bo? ! ,greeks & ! ,egyptians4 ,= grace ( =m ! vessels ( ! old ,greeks /& pre-em95t 7,figs4 #aja & #ajb72 = simple dignifi$ sev]ity1 ^? ( ! ,egyptians 7,fig4 #ajj72 = qua9tness1 ^? ( ! ,mexicans 7,fig4 #ajc72 = a comb9ation ( grace ) dignity1 ^? ( ! ,*9ese 7,figs4 #ajd & #aje72 & = a comb9ation ( beauty ) qua9tness1 ^? ( ! ,japanese 7,fig4 #ajf72 :ile 9 _m respects ! ,indian %apes 7,figs4 #ajg & #ajh7 resemble ^? ( ! ,japanese4 ,fig4 #aji is a wat] vessel f ,ha1 & ,figs4 #aaj & #aaa are jugs f ,morocco4 ,i _c ent] into any details respect+ ! *>act]i/ic =ms ( vessels produc$ by ^! v>i\s nations1 b mu/ cont5t myself by giv+ a few illu/rations ( ! v>i\s %apes1 & leav+ ! matt] ) ! le>n] = /udy4 ,! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & ! ,indian ,museum w aid him 9 8 rese>*es4 ,x has be5 said t ! "* ( a p c be told by _! wat]-vessels4 ,z ! consid]ation ( ?is /atem5t w lead u to see h[ p]fectly a dome/ic ut5sil may answ] ! end :i* x %\ld s]ve1 ,i w extract f my ,art ( ,decorative ,design a few rem>ks on ?is subject4 ,?is /atem5t c well be illu/rat$ by ! ,egyptian & ,greek wat]-vessels1 ! =m] ( :i* has sides tap]+ to ! top & slant+ inw>ds1 a small orifice1 & a r\nd$ base1 & ! m\? ( ! vessel bridg$ by an ar*$ h&le1 ! :ole be+ con/ruct$ ( bronze 7,fig4 #aab72 ! latt] consi/s ( an egg-%ap$ body 7! broad end be+ above7 re/+ ^u a secure foot1 :i* is surm\nt$ by a l>ge1 div]g5t1 funnel-%ap$ memb] 7,fig4 #aac74 ,x has no h&le ov] ! orifice1 b has "o at ei!r side4 ,n only d ^! vessels diff] 9 =m1 b associat$ circum/ances diff] also2 & x is ?is v>iation 9 circum/ances :i* br\ght ab\t ! diff]5ce 9 =m ( ! two wat]-vessels4 ,! peculi>ities ( ! ,egyptian wat]-vessel are its =mation ( bronze1 ! r\ndness ( its base1 :i* r5d]s x unfitt$ = /&+1 ! n>r[ness ( its m\?1 & ! h&le ar*+ ! orifice2 & ( ! ,greek1 its be+ wr\ght 9 clay1 ! secure base1 ! wide m\?1 ! contraction 9 ! c5tre1 & ! h&le at ei!r side4 ,we %\ld judge f ^! vessels t ! ,egyptians drew wat] f a riv]1 or "s position :i* requir$ t ! vessel be atta*$ to a cord & ca/ into ! s\rce ( supply1 = ! r\ndness ( ! base at once po9ts to ?is1 x be+ a provision = enabl+ ! vessel to fill by turn+ ^u its side 77 its base flat x w\ld float on ! wat]72 x is also =m$ out ( metal s z to facilitate ?is end4 ,! ar*$ h&le n only po9ts to ! atta*m5t ( ! vessel to a /r+ 9 ord] t x be ca/ into ! wat]1 b also to ! c>ry+ ! vessel p5d5t f ! h& 9 ! mann] t pails are at pres5t c>ri$1 & ! contract$ m\? re/ra9s ! spla%+ ov] ( ! wat]3 & :at ?is simple wat]-vessel po9ts to we f9d to h be5 ! case1 = ! ,egyptians d]iv$ wat] f ! ,nile 9 ! v mann] t ! vessel w\ld indicate2 b ) ! ,greeks circum/ances 7 diff]5t1 & ! %ape ( ! vessel v>ies accord+ly4 ,! base is "h flat1 9 ord] t ! vessel may /&2 ! m\? is l>ge1 9 ord] to collect ! wat] :i* fell f above1--f ! dripp+-rocks & wat]-sp\ts4 ,?is be+ ! mann] 9 :i* wat] 0 ga!r$1 a vessel =m$ ( heavy metal 0 unnecess>y2 ! contraction prev5t$ ! wat] f spla%+ ov] :5 c>ri$1 & up to ?is po9t ! vessel 0 fill$1 & no high]2 & ! h&les at ! side %[ t x 0 c>ri$ on ! head4 ,b1 9 conjunction ) ?is mode ( c>ry+1 !re is ano!r consid]ation ( int]e/1 :i* is1 ! c5tre ( gravity is high4 ,if we attempt to balance a /ick1 hav+ "o enl>g$ end1 on ! f+]1 x w be f\nd necess>y t ! weight be at ! top2 & 9 balanc+ any?+1 x w be f\nd t ! object1 9 ord] t x ride /eadily1 h its po9t ( greate/ weight consid]ably elevat$ above its base4 ,9 ! ,greek wat]-vessel1 :i* 0 c>ri$ balanc$ on ! head1 we f9d ?is condition fully compli$ )1 ! c5tre ( gravity occupy+ a high position1 :ile 9 ! ,egyptian vessel ! c5tre ( gravity 0 l[2 b :]e ! vessel is to be c>ri$ und]h&1 x is z great an advantage to h ! c5tre ( gravity l[ z x is 9 ! case ( a coa*1 :]e security is ?us ga9$ j z ! c5tre ( gravity is l[]$4 ,! ,greek wat]-vessel1 !n1 consi/s ( a cavity = hold+ wat]1 a funnel to collect & guide ! wat]1 a base = ! vessel to re/ ^u1 & h&les to enable x to be rais$ to ! head1 & ! c5tre ( gravity is high 9 ord] t x be readily balanc$2 & we %\ld judge f ?is vessel t ! ,greeks procur$ wat] f dripp+-rocks & wat]-sp\ts1 & ?is is exactly :at did occur4 ,^! are ! direct tea*+s ( ! ,egyptian & ,greek wat]-vessels2 yet h[ _m circum/ances & incid5ts ( common life c be conceiv$ z associat$ ) ^! diff]5t =ms ( vessel4 ,!re is ! gossip r\nd ! well1 & ! l+]+ by ! riv]-side :]e ! image ( ! date-palm is mirror$ by ! glassy surface ( ! wat]s4 ,! effect ( ! noise ( ! spla%+ wat] ^u ! m9d 9 ! "o case1 comb9$ ) ! comp>atively l\d & en]getic speak+ :i* w\ld be necess>y 9 ord] t ! voice be n dr[n$ by ! noise1 & ( ! calm tranquillity ( ! riv]-bank 9 ! o!r1 :]e ! limpid wat] is ev] fl[+ on 9 sil5t maje/y1 mu/ be consid]able4 ,!n we h ! pott]'s art ess5tial to ! production ( ! vessel 9 ! "o case1 & ! metal-work]'s 9 ! o!r--! digg+ ( clay1 ! m9+ ( metal1 ! kilns & smelt+ furnaces4 ,we w n cont9ue ?is portion ( ! subject fur!r1 & h br\ght =w>d ?is illu/ration 9 ord] to %[ h[ well-consid]$ objects reveal to u ! habits & cu/oms ( ! peoples & nations 9 :i* !y orig9at$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4 ,x w n[ be app>5t t ev5 a common object may result f su* c>eful consid]ation t its =m w at once sugge/ its use2 b ! object w only reveal ! purpose = :i* x 0 creat$ ) def9it5ess ( expression :5 x p]fectly answ]s ! end propos$ by its =mation4 ,! advice :i* ,i mu/ give to e design] is to /udy c>efully exactly :at is requir$1 be=e he proce$s to =m 8 ideas ( :at ! object propos$ to be creat$ %\ld be l1 & !n to dilig5tly /rive to arrange su* a =m = x z %all cause x to be p]fectly suit$ to ! want :i* x is int5d$ to meet4 ,m w be said ^u ! subject ( =m :5 speak+ ( glass vessels & ( silv]smi?s' "w2 & :5 consid]+ ^! subjects we %all also give ! law :i* gov]ns ! application ( h&les & sp\ts to vessels2 & x is ( ! utmo/ importance t !y be correctly plac$ 9 ord] t ! vessel may be us$ ) conv5i5ce 7see page #adj74 ,a ^w mu/ n[ be said respect+ ! decoration ( e>!n vessels1 b on ?is subject our rem>ks mu/ be brief4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4 ,! object to :i* ! decoration is appli$ mu/ det]m9e ! nature ( ! ornam5t to be employ$4 ,9 ! case ( a vessel :i* is to be 9 "p hidd5 :5 9 use1 great simplicity ( treatm5t %\ld be adopt$1 & ! ornam5t may ) advantage consi/ ( repeat$ p>ts4 ,9 ! case ( a plate1 little or no ornam5t %\ld be plac$ 9 ! c5tre2 b if !re is a c5tral ornam5t x %\ld be a small1 regul>1 radiat+ figure1 consi/+ ( l p>ts 7,figs4 #aad & #aae74 ,! bord] %\ld also consi/ ( simple memb]s repeat$1 = x w !n look well if portions are cov]$2 & ^! rem>ks w apply equally to all k9ds ( plates1 :e!r int5d$ = use at d9n] or dess]t4 ,no plate %\ld h a l&scape pa9t$ ^u x1 nor a figure1 nor a gr\p ( fl[]s4 ,:atev] has a "r & wrong way upw>ds is inappropriate 9 su* a position1 z :atev] ornam5t a plate be>s %\ld be 9 all positions z fully "r way upw>ds to ! behold] z x c be4 ,besides1 l&scapes1 gr\ps ( fl[]s1 & figures are spoil$ if 9 "p hidd51 provid$ !y are satisfactory :5 ! :ole is se54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4 ,plates may h a :ite gr\nd1 = x is desirable t ^? articles on :i* food is pres5t$ %\ld manife/ ! utmo/ cleanl9ess1 yet to a cream t9t !re c be no objection4 ,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 pref] :ite plates1 ) a r deep blue1 ,indian r$1 m>oon1 or br[n patt]n ^u !m1 & a pale buff table-clo? = !m to re/ ^u4 ,9 ! case ( cups & sauc]s ! treatm5t %\ld be simil> to t ( ! plate4 ,! sauc] may h a simple bord] ornam5t1 consi/+ ( p>ts repeat$1 & little or no ornam5t 9 ! c5tral portion on :i* ! cup re/s4 ,! cup may h an ext]nal bord] ornam5t1 & a d\ble n>r[ l9e ( col\r ar\nd ! upp] portion ( ! int]ior1 b no o!r ornam5t is "h requir$4 ,:atev] ornam5t is plac$ ar\nd a cup1 or vase1 or any tall object mu/ be su* z w n suff] by p]spective1 = !re is sc>cely any portion ( ! ornam5t t c be se5 o!rwise ?an =e%ort5$ 7,figs4 #ajc & #aaa74 ,let simplicity be ! rul+ pr9ciple 9 ! decoration ( all r\nd$ objects1 & ev] rememb] t a l9e :i* is /raight on a flat surface becomes a curve on a r\nd surface 7see page #aaj74 ,i h giv5 :at is a correct decoration = a plate & cup & sauc]1 b !re are o!r me?ods ( treatm5t ?an ^? j nam$4 ,! ,japanese are v fond ( plac+ little circul> gr\ps ( fl[]s on plates1 sauc]s1 & b[ls 7,figs4 #aaf & #aag74 ,! ,greeks _h v>i\s me?ods ( enri*+ _! tazzas & vases ) ornam5t1 & ! ,egyptians 7 p>tial to ! plan ( r5d]+ a cup z a lotus-fl[] 7,fig4 #ajj74 ,b :5 !y =m$ a cup ?us1 !y 7 c>eful to draw ! fl[] conv5tionally & ornam5tally1 & nev] produc$ an imitative "w 7see page #bd74 ,! ,*9ese treat ! fl[] ( ! sacr$ bean 9 ! same way 7,fig4 #aah74 ,:at ,i h said has be5 address$ to ! /ud5t4 ,! rem>ks1 h[ev]1 made respect+ ! =m *os5 be+ t :i* is mo/ suitable to ! end propos$1 & ! conditions to :i* ,i %all make ref]5ce z gov]n+ ! application ( h&le & sp\t to any object1 are b9d+ ^u all :o w\ld produce satisfactory works2 b to ! g5ius :o has p[] to produce beautiful & vigor\s ornam5t1 & ^: ta/e has1 by ye>s ( /udy & cultivation1 become ref9$ & judici\s1 ,i c give no rules1 8 own ta/e be+ 8 be/ guide4 ,,division ,,ii4 ,:5 speak+ ( e>!nw>e1 ,i insi/$ ^u ! desirability ( us+ e mat]ial 9 ! easie/ & mo/ natural mann]1 & ,i illu/rat$ my mean+ by say+ t glass has a molt5 condition z well z a solid /ate1 & t :ile 9 ! molt5 condition x c be bl[n into =ms ( exquisite beauty4 ,glass-bl[+ is an op]ation ( skill1 & an op]ation 9 :i* natural laws come to our aid1 & ,i _c too /rongly repeat my /atem5t t e mat]ial %\ld be work$ 9 ! mo/ simple & befitt+ mann]2 & ,i ?9k t our consid]ation ( ! =mation ( glass vessels w r5d] ! reasonabl5ess ( my dem& app>5t4 ,let a portion ( molt5 glass be ga!r$ ^u ! end ( a metal pipe1 & bl[n into a bubble :ile ! pipe drops v]tically f ! m\? ( ! op]ator1 & a flask is =m$ su* z is us$ = ! conveyance ( olive oil 7,fig4 #aai72 & :at vessel c\ld be m beautiful ?an su* a flask8 ,its grace ( =m is obvi\s2 ! delicate curvature ( its sides1 ! g5tle swell+ ( ! bulb1 & ! exquisitely r\nd$ base1 all manife/ beauty4 ,"h we get a vessel =m$ = u almo/ :olly by ,nature4 ,x is ! attraction ( gravitation :i* conv]ts :at w\ld be a m]e bubble1 or holl[ sph]e ( glass1 into a gracefully elongat$ & delicately-%ap$ flask4 ,?is may be tak5 z a pr9ciple1 t :5ev] a mat]ial is capable ( be+ work$ 9 a mann] :i* w s secure ! op]ation ( natural laws z to modify ! %apes ( ! objects into :i* x is =m$1 x is v desirable t we avail ourselves ( su* a means ( =mation1 = ! op]ation ( gravitation & simil> =ces ^u pla/ic matt] is calculat$ to give beauty ( =m4 ,:5 clay is work$ ^u ! pott]'s :eel1 x is %ap$ by ! op]ator's skill1 & is suffici5tly /iff to reta9 ! %ape giv5 to x to a v consid]able ext5t2 yet ! op]ation ( gravitation ^u x1 s long z x has any pla/icity :atev]1 is calculat$ to secure delicacy ( =m4 ,?is rule %\ld ev] be rememb]$ by ! art-/ud5t--t a curve is beautiful j z its orig9 is difficult to detect 7see ,*ap4 ,i41 page #bc74 ,9 ! =mation ( vases1 bottles1 etc41 k ( ?is law is v important1 & ! op]ation ( gravity ^u holl[ pla/ic vessels is calculat$ to give to _! curves subtlety 7intricate beauty7 ( "*4 ,hav+ arrang$ t ! mat]ial %all be work$ 9 ! mann] mo/ befitt+ its nature1 we mu/ next consid] :at purpose ! object to be =m$ is int5d$ to s]ve4 ,take a common hock-bottle 7,fig4 #abj7 & consid] x4 ,:at is want$ is a vessel su* z w /&1 9 :i* w9e c be /or$4 ,x mu/ h a /rong neck1 s t a cork may be driv5 9 )\t splitt+ x1 & mu/ be =m$ ( a mat]ial t is n absorb5t4 ,glass1 z a mat]ial1 admirably answ]s ! want1 & ?is bottle is capable ( /or+ w9e2 x w /&1 & has a rim ar\nd ! neck su* z gives to x /r5g?4 ,b1 besides s]v+ ! requirem5ts nam$1 x is bo? easily =m$ & is beautiful4 ,! design] mu/ be a utilit>ian1 b he mu/ be an arti/ also4 ,we mu/ h useful vessels1 b ! objects ) :i* we are to surr\nd ourselves mu/ likewise be beautiful2 & unless !y are beautiful1 our delicacy ( feel+ & p[] to appreciate ,nature1 :i* is full ( beauties1 w be impair$4 ,a hock-bottle is a m]e elongat$ bubble1 ) ! bottom portion press$ 9 s t x may /&1 & ! neck ?ick5$ by a rim ( glass be+ plac$ ar\nd x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4 ,"h we h a bottle %ap$ by natural ag5cy2 x is =m$ ( heavy glass1 & ! bubble 0 ?ick at its l[] "p1 h5ce its elongat$ =m2 b if l5g? is requir$ 9 any bubble1 & ! glass is ev5 light1 x c always be giv5 by sw++ ! bubble r\nd f ! c5tre1 s t c5trifugal =ce may be br\ght into play 9 ! direction ( its l5g?2 or if x has to be wid5$1 ?is c z easily be done by giv+ to x a rotatory motion1 :]eby ! c5trifugal =ce is caus$ to act f ! axis ( ! vessel outw>ds1 & n f ! apex to ! base1 z 9 ! =m] in/ance4 ,9 ei!r case a c]ta9 am\nt ( beauty w\ld appe> 9 ! %ape produc$1 = ,nature "h works = u4 7,comp>e ! %ort1 dumpy1 yet beautiful bottle1 9 :i* we receive curacao1 ) ! hock-bottle1 :5 ! two natural modes ( =m+ bottles w be illu/rat$47 ,our w9e-bottles are m\ld$1 h5ce _! ugl9ess4 ,we "w )\t ,nature's assi/ance1 & we reap ugl9ess z ! rew>d4 ,let u n[ consid] :at a decant] %\ld be4 ,9 _m respects1 ! wants :i* a decant] is int5d$ to meet are simil> to ^? :i* are met by ! bottle1 z j enum]at$1 b "h is a great diff]5ce--a bottle is only int5d$ to be fill$ once1 :]eas a decant] w h to be fill$ _m times2 & a bottle is made s t x c travel1 :ile a decant] is n meant to be ! subject ( long j\rneys4 ,x is true t a bottle may be refill$ _m times1 b x is n int5d$ t x %\ld1 z ! fact t we use a funnel :5 we wi% to fill x cle>ly %[s1 & )\t a funnel ! vessel is n complete4 ,all objects :i* are meant to be refill$ _m times %\ld h a funnel-%ap$ m\? 7see my rem>ks on ! ,greek wat]-vessel1 page #aba71 b if a bottle _h a di/5d$ orifice x w\ld n be well adapt$ = transport4 ,a decant] %\ld h capacity = conta9+ liquid2 x %\ld /& securely1 & h a d\ble funnel--a funnel to collect ! fluid & conduct x into ! bottle1 & a funnel to collect x & conduct x out ( ! bottle4 ,x mu/ also be conv5i5t to use & hold1 & ! upp] funnel %\ld be ( su* a "* t x w guide ! liquid 9 a prop] direction :5 p\r$ f ! decant]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4 ,if we take a flask & flatt5 its base1 & ext5d ! upp] portion ( ! neck slightly into ! =m ( a funnel1 we h all t is requir$ ( a decant]1 ) ! exception ( a p]man5t cork1 :i* is a /opp] 7,fig4 #aba74 ,b z mo/ decant]s are int5d$ to hold w9e1 ! brilliancy ( :i* is n readily app>5t :5 t portion ( ! vessel :i* conta9s ! liquid re/s imm$iately ^u ! table1 x is desirable to give to ! vessel a foot1 or1 9 o!r words1 raise ! body ( ! decant] s t light may surr\nd x z fully z possible 7,figs4 #abb & #abc74 ,9 ,figs4 #abd to #ace ,i give a numb] ( %apes ( decant]s & jugs1 su* z may be se5 9 our be/ %op-w9d[s1 & su* z ,i consid] desirable =ms = su* vessels2 & 9 consid]+-! %ape ( su* vessels1 ! "* ( ! upp] portion ( ! neck 7! lip7 mu/ be reg>d$1 z well z t ( ! body & base4 ,notice also :e!r ! c5tre ( gravity is high or l[1 & ! position & "* ( ! h&le2 b respect+ ! application ( h&les to vessels ,i w speak :5 consid]+ silv]smi?s' "w 7see page #adj74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4 ,besides decant]s & bottles1 glass is =m$ into tumbl]s1 w9e-glasses1 fl[]-hold]s1 & _m o!r ?+s2 b ! pr9ciples :i* we h already laid d[n w apply equally to all1 = if ! objects =m$ result f ! easie/ mode ( work+ ! mat]ial1 & are su* z p]fectly answ] ! end propos$ by _! =mation1 & are beautiful1 no?+ m c be expect$ ( !m4 ,_m objects ( fancy %ape h be5 produc$ z m]e feats ( glass-bl[+1 & ) "s ( ^! ef=ts ,i sympa?ise4 ,:]ev] ! "w produc$ is truly adapt$ to use1 or :]e an arti/ic effect is a*iev$1 ! glass-bl[] has my w>m sympa?y2 b if ! ef=t is made at ! production ( novelty m]ely1 ! result ga9$ is sure to be unsatisfactory4 ,mu* ( ! ,v5etian glass w illu/rate ^! la/ rem>ks4 ,fig4 #acf is a v excell5t & picturesque _s-bottle2 x is easy to hold1 & qua9t 9 appe>ance4#bg ,figs4 #acg1 #ach1 & #aci are ,v5etian glass vessels1 wr\ght entirely at ! furnace-m\?1 & nei!r cut nor engrav$--!y are arti/ic1 & ( int]e/+ appe>ance2 :ile ,fig4 #adj is a "w ( ,roman glass1 9 :i* ! upp] di/5sion is useful if ! liquid conta9s a s$im5t :i* x is n desirable to p\r out ) ! liquid4 #bg ,9 ord] t ! nature ( ?is bottle be bett] und]/ood1 ,i give a section ( x at ,a z se5 :5 cut ?r\gh ! c5tral "p4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4 ,illu/ration3 ,section ( ,fig4 #acf at ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4 ,!re is "o ?+ p]ta9+ to table-glass t we d n n[ suffici5tly consid]1 :i* is its capacity = col\r4 ,our "o idea 9 ! =mation ( glass vessels is ! imitation ( cry/al1 unless we happ5 to produce a vessel ( ! /ronge/ t9t4 ,) ! exception ( hock-glasses1 :i* are g5]ally ei!r ruby-col\r1 d>k gre51 or int5se yell[-gre51 we r>ely employ t9t$ glass on our tables4 ,^! ?ree col\rs1 :i* we usually employ 9 hock-glasses1 are all too /rong 9 t9t = ord9>y purposes1 & !y are co>se & vulg>4 ,x is curi\s t we %\ld conf9e ourselves to ^! col\rs :5 glass is capable ( assum+ ! mo/ delicate ( %ades1 ( appe>+ z a s(t1 subtle1 gold5 hue ( ! mo/ beautiful light t]ti>y gre51 lilac1 & blue1 &1 inde$1 ( almo/ any col\r4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld we employ only two or ?ree col\rs1 & ^? ( ! mo/ crude "*8 ,if ! ,roman & ,greek glass ( ! ,briti% ,museum be inspect$1 x w be se5 t ! ,romans employ$ v>i\s s(t & delicate t9ts1 & :y we %\ld n d s ,i _c see4 ,= _m reasons ! col\rs ( our hock-glasses are highly objectionable1 b especially = two4 ,fir/1 z already /at$1 ! col\r is s /rong t !y appe> z m]e d>k spots on ! clo?1 & altoge!r fail 9 imp>t+ to ! table a pleasant col\r-effect2 &1 secondly1 !y utt]ly de/roy ! beauty ( appe>ance :i* ! w9e w\ld o!rwise pres5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4 ,no glass :i* is to conta9 a liquid ( pleasant col\r %\ld be s /rong 9 t9t z to m> ! beauty ( ! conta9$ fluid1 & especially is ?is true :5 ! col\r ( ! glass is ( an opposite "* to t ( ! liquid3 ?us a r$ liquid plac$ 9 a /rongly-col\r$ gre5 glass becomes highly (f5sive 9 appe>ance1 & yet we (t5 see cl>et s]v$ 9 gre5 hock-glasses4 ,a d9n]-table requires col\r4 ,let ! clo? be pale buff1 or cream-col\r1 in/ead ( :ite2 & ! glass wat]-vessels ( v pale1 b ref9$ & v>i\s1 t9ts2 & ! salt-cell>s1 if ( glass1 also col\r$1 9 a t5d] & befitt+ mann]1 & a mo/ h>moni\s effect w be produc$4 ,! fl[]s ) :i* ! table is adorn$ w\ld !n h>monise ) ! o!r ?+s1 & mu* beauty might be produc$4 ,respect+ ! ornam5tation ( glass1 two me?ods ( treatm5t are resort$ to1 :i* are cutt+ & engrav+4 ,bo? modes deal ) glass z a h>d1 cry/al-l sub/ance2 & consi/ 9 gr9d+ ! surface1 & ei!r leav+ x dead or repoli%+ x4 ,9 ! case ( cutt+ a consid]able portion ( ! sub/ance ( ! glass is g5]ally remov$1 & ! surface is repoli%$2 b 9 ! case ( engrav+ little m ?an ! surface is g5]ally act$ ^u1 & ! engrav$ portion rema9s dead4 ,cutt+ may be employ$ 9 br++ ab\t ornam5tal effects 9 glass1 b x is r>ely to be comm5d$ :5 s lavi%ly us$ z to be ! *ief means ( giv+ =m to ! vessel2 inde$1 cutt+ %\ld be sp>+ly & judici\sly us$4 ,a vessel =m$ ( glass %\ld nev] be :olly %ap$ by cutt+1 z ?\gh x 7 a "w ( /one4 ,if ! neck ( a decant] c be made m conv5i5t by be+ slightly cut--if x c be s treat$ t x c be held m securely--!n let x be cut2 b 9 all cases avoid fall+ into ! error ( too mu* cutt+ :i* causes ! "w to appe> lab\r$1 = any "w :i* pres5ts ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 ! result ( mu* lab\r is z unpleasant to look ^u z t "w is pleas+ :i* results f ! ex]cise ( mom5t>y skill4 ,!re is a great art-pr9ciple manife/$ 9 ! expression ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4 ,engrav+ is also labori\s1 & :ile x is capable ( yield+ mo/ delicate & beautiful effects1 x %\ld yet be some:at sp>+ly us$1 = extravagance 9 lab\r is nev] desirable1 & !re is su* a ?+ z extravagance ( beauty4 ,h[ev] delicate ornam5t may be1 & h[ev] well compos$1 yet if x cov]s ! :ole ( ! walls ( an ap>tm5t & ( ! objects :i* x conta9s1 x fails to please4 ,!re mu/ be ! contra/ ( pla9 surfaces ) ornam5t$--pla9 = ! eye to re/ ^u1 ornam5t = ! m9d to enjoy4 ,9 ! enri*m5t ( glass ^! rem>ks fully apply4 ,let !re be pla9 surfaces z well z ornam5t$ p>ts1 & ! effect w be m satisfy+ ?an if all be cov]$ ) ornam5t4 ,all t ,i said respect+ ! decoration ( damask table-l95 w apply equally to glass1 consid]+ only ! diff]5t way 9 :i* ! effect is produc$ 7see ,*ap4 ,,vi41 page #ajh74 ,?us we h ornam5t produc$ only by a v>iation ( surface4 ,su* simple means ( produc+ an art-effect are capable ( r5d]+ 9 a satisfactory mann] simple treatm5ts only1 b simple patt]ns are capable ( yield+ ! highe/ pleasure1 & su* patt]ns c be almo/ p]fectly r5d]$ by engrav+1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #ada1 #adb1 #adc4bh #bh ,fig4 #adc repres5ts a decant] made = ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales by ,messrs4 ,pellatt & ,co41 :i* is 9 good ta/e4 ,fig4 #ada is a goblet f ,au/ria3 x 0 %[n 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( ,p>is 9 #ahfg4 ,some:at elaborate effects c be r5d]$ 9 glass by v labori\s engrav+1 :]eby diff]5t dep?s ( cutt+ are atta9$2 b su* "w is ! result ( great lab\r1 & r>ely produces an effect proportionate to ! toil exp5d$ ^u x2 & if a bottle s engrav$ is fill$ ) a col\r$ w9e1 ! entire beauty ( its engrav+ is de/roy$4 ,fig4 #add is a draw+ ( a mo/ elaborately engrav$ bottle1 :i* 0 %[n 9 ! ,exhibition ( #ahfb4 ,x repres5ts1 to a great ext5t1 wa/$ lab\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t any ornam5t plac$ on a decant]1 w9e-glass1 or tumbl]1 is to be se5 almo/ :olly 9 p]spective2 & ! rem>ks made respect+ ! effects ( fold$ or wav$ surfaces on ornam5t 7,*ap4 ,,vi41 page #aaj71 & ^? made 9 ref]5ce to ! application ( ornam5t to e>!n vases 7,*ap4 ,,vii41 page #abf71 apply equally "h4 ,x is n my prov9ce to ent] into ! v>i\s me?ods ( manipulat+ glass1 nor into all ! classes ( art-effect :i* glass is capable ( yield+3 ,i c only call att5tion to g5]al pr9ciples1 & leave ! art-/ud5t to ?9k = himself :at %\ld be ! treatm5t ( any p>ticul> object4 ,!re is a sort ( crackle glass :i* has come into use dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 & is an imitation ( old ,v5etian "w2 ?is is 9 "s respects pleasant 9 appe>ance1 b x is some:at uncom=table to h&le1 & difficult to keep clean2 its use mu/ !re=e be limit$4 ,! ,romans 7 9 ! habit ( =m+ glass :i* 0 opaque1 d>k1 & ( _m col\rs4 ,fig4 #ade is an illu/ration ( ?is k9d ( glass1 ! patt]n be+ =m$ by portions ( v>i\s col\r$ glass be+ imb$d$ 9 ! sub/ance ( ! vessel4 ,9 ano!r *apt] ,i %all h a few rem>ks to make ^u /a9$ glass2 b z our pres5t rem>ks p]ta9 to holl[ vessels *iefly1 & z g5]al pr9ciples regulate ! =mation ( all su*1 :e!r !y are =m$ ( e>!nw>e1 glass1 or metal1 ,i ?9k x bett] to proce$ to ! consid]ation ( silv]smi?s' w>e1 & ?us cont9ue a notice ( holl[ vessels1 ?an to pass to glass w9d[s1 al?\gh !y are =m$ ( ! mat]ial n[ "u review4 ,:at we are specially consid]+ at pres5t are vessels ( capacity1 or holl[ w>es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adg4 ,,division ,,iii4 ,cont9u+ our rem>ks ^u holl[ vessels1 we h n[ to notice silv]smi?s' "w1 & "h we may obs]ve t :ile ! mat]ial ) :i* we h n[ to deal diff]s 9 "* widely f t ( :i* ^? vessels already notic$ h be5 =m$1 yet t _m pr9ciples :i* h be5 enunciat$ are equally applicable to ! objects n[ "u consid]ation4 ,silv] objects1 l ^? =m$ ( clay or glass1 %\ld p]fectly s]ve ! end = :i* !y h be5 =m$2 also1 ! fact t ornam5t appli$ to r\nd$ surfaces %\ld be adapt$ = be+ view$ 9 p]spective rema9s z b9d+ on u z be=e2 b h]e9 ! works ( ! silv]smi? diff] f ^? already discuss$--!y are =m$ ( a mat]ial ( intr9sic value1 :i* is n ! case ) articles ( e>!nw>e or glass4 ,silv] & gold be+ mat]ials ( consid]able wor?1 x is necess>y t ! utmo/ economy be obs]v$ 9 us+ !m1 & 9 ord] to effect ?is a special mode ( con/ruction mu/ be resort$ to4 ,if we propose to ourselves ! =mation ( a sug>-bas9 ( semi-circul> %ape1 ( :at ?ickness mu/ ! metal be 9 ord] t x may n b5d :5 lift$8 ,x is obvi\s t ! vessel mu/ n yield its %ape to ord9>y pressure1 nor be subject to alt]ations ( =m :5 9 ord9>y use2 b if x is to be =m$ ?r\gh\t ( metal ( su* ?ickness z w secure its reta9+ its %ape1 x w be co/ly & heavy1 & an am\nt ( metal w be us$ 9 its =mation suffici5t = ! manufacture ( two or ?ree su* articles4 ,in/ead ( =m+ ! vessel ?r\gh\t ( ?ick metal1 we may con/ruct x f a ?9 %eet ( silv]2 b 9 ord] t x possess suffici5t /r5g? we mu/ ind5t "o or m beads 9 its side 7see ,fig4 #adf72 or we c =m an angle by hav+ a rim project+ into ! bas9 7,fig4 #adg71 or ext5d+ f x1 & ?us give /r5g?2 b ! two beads are ! m desirable1 z ! "o gives /r5g? at ! top & ! o!r at a l[] portion ( ! vessel4 ,modes ( economis+ mat]ial1 :5 we are =m+ vessels ( co/ly sub/ances1 are ( ! utmo/ importance1 & %\ld be c>efully ?\ght out4 ,if ! design] =ms works :i* are exp5sive1 he places !m beyond ! rea* ( ^? :o might o!rwise enjoy !m1 & if heavy !y appe> clumsy 9 ! h&s ( ^? accu/om$ to delicate & light objects4 ,besides ?is1 works 9 silv] & 9 gold are always 9 dang] ( be+ de/roy$1 ow+ to ! intr9sic value ( ^! metals2 = if /ol51 ! !ft is promptly hidd5 9 ! melt+-pot4 ,n[ if we =m ! vessels ( ?9 metal1 we r5d] ! money value ( ! mat]ial less1 & ?us our works are to a small] degree tempt+ to ! av>ici\s1 & _! *ance ( long exi/5ce is great]4 ,! preci\s metals are at all times p]il\s mat]ials = ! =mation ( works ( art2 b :ile we use !m1 let u take c>e s to employ !m z to give to our works e possible opportunity = long exi/5ce4 ,if a "w is to be s =m$ t x may exi/ = _m ye>s1 x becomes ( ! highe/ importance t ^? objects :i* we create be well consid]$ z to _! utility1 & at ! same "t be beautiful 9 =m4 ,long exi/5ce is an evil 9 ! case ( an ugly object1 or an ill-consid]$ vessel2 t :i* is n ref9+ 9 its influ5ce is bett] blott$ out4 ,let t man :o w n seek to embody beauty 9 8 works make !m heavy ) metal1 s t !y may tempt ! ?ief1 & ?us soon] blot out 8 works f exi/5ce1 z !y t5d only to debase & degrade2 b he :o loves ref9em5t1 & seeks to give *a/5ess ( "* to ! objects :i* he creates1 may well /rive to secure to !m l5g? ( duration4 ,!re are v>i\s modes ( work+ metal4 ,x may be ca/1 hamm]$1 cut1 engrav$1 & manipulat$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,little t is satisfactory c result f ca/+4 ,ca/+ is a r\gh means ( produc+ a result1 & at be/ a*ieves ! =mation ( a mass :i* may be less tr\blesome to cut into %ape ?an a m solid piece ( metal2 b ca/+ )\t ! application ( o!r means ( work+-metal a*ieves little ( an art nature4 ,"s ( ! f9e iron ca/+s ( ,b]l9 are wond]fully good 9 _! way1 & are to an ext5t arti/ic2 & c]ta9ly !y contra/ /rangely ) ! ca/ h&les & knobs :i* we (t5 see appli$ to vegetable-di%es1 & simil> silv] objects "h 9 ,engl&2 yet ev5 ^! w n comp>e ) works wr\ght by ! hamm] & ! *isel4 ,?9 metal hamm]$ into =m1 & t\*$ :]e necess>y ) ! *isel1 ! grav]1 & ! *as+-tool1 is capable ( ! v f9e/ effects :i* c be a*iev$ 9 metal-"w4 ,let ! read] consid] ! beautiful vessels ) :i* ,arabian metal-"w pres5ts u3 ^! are all =m$ by ! hamm] & *isel1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! grav] & *as+-tool1 & h[ m>vell\sly delicate & beautiful are ! results6 ,we h 9 ^! vessels beauty & dignity ( =m1 ri*ness ( design1 great intricacy & delicacy ( detail1 & altoge!r a ref9em5t ( effect :i* may long be consid]$ & repeat$ly enjoy$ 7,fig4 #adh74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adh4 ,sev]al1 ,i may almo/ say _m1 ( ^! beautiful objects are to be f\nd 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & x %\ld be g5]ally kn[n t fac-similes ( ^! lovely works1 9 ! =m ( electrotype copies1 h be5 prep>$ by ,messrs4 ,elk+ton & ,co41 "u ! sanction ( ! au?orities ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 & t ^! are procurable at small co/4 ,= purposes ( /udy ^! copies are ( almo/ equal value ) ! orig9als1 & = ! adornm5t ( a sidebo>d !y are h>dly inf]ior4 ,i /rongly advise ^? :o c af=d to pur*ase ^! beautiful copies to g>ni% _! sidebo>ds ) plate ( ?is description1 r ?an ) ! m]etrici\s electro-plate :i* we (t5 see 9 our %op-w9d[s4 ,hav+ det]m9$ on ! be/ mode ( work+ ! mat]ial1 consid] c>efully ! requirem5ts :i* ! "w to be produc$ is int5d$ to meet1 & !n /rive to =m ! object s t x may p]fectly answ] ! end propos$ by its creation4 ,let u take a sug>-bas94 ,:at =m %\ld x h8 ,aft] mu* consid]ation1 ,i h arriv$ at ! conclusion t ! two %apes engrav$ 9 ,figs4 #adi & #aej are ^? :i* be/ fulfil ! requirem5ts ( su* a vessel1 = 9 !m ! sug> is always collect$ toge!r1 & ! du/ sug> sep>ates itself f ! lumps4 ,! h&les ( a sug>-bas9 are (t5 s small z to be p>tially or :olly useless4 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t only "o or two f+]s c re/ on ! h&le1 ow+ to its smallness1 :ile ! ?umb has to be plac$ )9 ! orifice ( ! bas9 :5 x is desir$ to move x4 ,?is %\ld n be s2 if a h&le is to exi/ at all1 x %\ld be s =m$ z to be useful1 & af=d a means ( mov+ ! object ) ease & com=t4 ,to =m a h&le z a m]e ornam5t is an absurdity1 = ! h&le is "p ( ! vessel /ructurally1 :ile ! ornam5tation is an aft] & sep>ate consid]ation4 ,9 ord] to its exi/5ce a vessel mu/ be con/ruct$1 b :5 =m$ x ne$ n ( necessity be ornam5t$2 ornam5tation mu/ ev] be reg>d$ z sep>ate f con/ruction4 ,su* a sug>-bas9 z ,i h sugge/$ w\ld n /& )\t legs3 x mu/ !re=e h !m2 b ,i see no reason :y ! legs & h&les %\ld n be comb9$2 h5ce ,i propose ?ree feet s =m$ z to s]ve z h&les ?r\gh\t _! upp] p>ts 7,figs4 #adi1 #aej71 !y be+ conv5i5t to hold4 ,mod]n ,european silv]smi?s h fall5 into ! error 7an error n[ prevail+ :]ev] art c be appli$ to any object7 ( mak+ _! works ( a pictorial1 r ?an an ornam5tal1 "*--an error :i* ! ,arabians1 ,indians1 & ,japanese nev] p]petrate1 ^: works 9 metal are unsurpass$ by any1 & equall$ by inde$ few4 ,x is a mi/ake to cov] an entire vase ) figures 9 high relief2 b :]ev] any?+ ( ! k9d is attempt$1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 caus+ ! gr\ps to foll[ ! l9e ( ! vase1 & n to appe> z irregul> projections f x4 ,z to ! modes ( decorat+ works 9 silv] & 9 gold1 !y are _m2 ( ornam5tation by rep\sse "w we h already spok51 & ( *as+ & engrav+4 ,b besides ^! !re are o!r me?ods1 & "s ( great int]e/1 = !re is damasc5e "w1 or inlay+2 & apply+ col\r1 or enamell+2 & niello "w2 jewels may also be add$4 ,damasc5e "w is ( great int]e/4 ,metal ( "o col\r is inlaid into metal ( ano!r col\r4 ,india produces1 p]haps1 ! r>e/ examples ( ?is k9d ( "w1 ! ,indians be+ exp]ts at ?is manufacture2 b ! ,indian "w consi/s *iefly ( silv] inlaid 9 iron4 ,?is mode ( "w seems to be capable ( produc+ _m beautiful effects1 z all :o h exam9$ ! l>ge inlaid hookahs ( ,india w admit4 ,hav+ *os5 a =m = a vessel1 ! next "q ) :i* we h to deal is1 w x require a h&le & sp\t8 ,x is curi\s t :ile ! position ( a sp\t & h&le 9 relation to a vessel is gov]n$ by a simple natural law1 we yet r>ely f9d !m plac$ z !y %\ld be4 ,?is is ! m curi\s1 z a vessel may become practically ( great weight1 ow+ to ! h&le be+ misplac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aej4 ,a p\nd weight is easily lift$1 b :5 appli$ to ! %ort] end ( ! /eel-y>d x w balance a hundr$weight4 ,if ?is pr9ciple is appli$ to a tea-pot :i* actually weighs b little1 x may yet be v heavy to lift4 ,9 n9ete5 cases out ( tw5ty1 h&les are s plac$ on tea-pots & simil> vessels t !y are 9 use lift$ only by a =ce capable ( rais+ two or ?ree su* vessels1 if ! pr9ciple ( ! /eel-y>d 0 n act+ aga9/ ! p]son :o uses ! vessel4 ,take our ord9>y =ms ( tea-pot1 & see h[ f> ! c5tre ( ! weight 7! c5tre ( gravity7 is f ! h&le 9 a horizontal direction1 & y w be able to judge ( ! lev]age act+ disadvantage\sly to ! p]son :o may p\r tea f su* pots4 ,n[ if ! "p :i* is grasp$ is to ! "r or left ( a "r l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( gravity ( any vessel1 !re is lev]age act+ to ! disadvantage ( ! p]son desir+ to p\r f t vessel1 & ?is lev]age increases j z ! po9t held is remov$ f ! c5tral l9e spok5 (4 ,fig4 #aea w\ld p\r :5 9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #aeb1 b see h[ f> ! h& t holds x w\ld be to ! "r ( ! c5tre ( gravity 7a71 :i* di/ance is ( great disadvantage1 z x causes ! vessel to appe> mu* heavi] ?an x actually is1 & requires a mu* great] exp5diture ( =ce 9 ord] t ! tea-pot be put to its use ?an is necess>y 7 x prop]ly =m$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aea4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aec4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aed4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aee4 ,! law gov]n+ ! application ( h&le & sp\t to vessels is ?is1 & ! same pr9ciple applies :e!r ! vessel be =m$ ( metal1 glass1 or e>!nw>e3--,f9d ! c5tre ( gravity ( ! vessel1 :i* c easily be done by lett+ a v]tical l9e drop ov] x :5 plac$ 9 two diff]5t positions1 z 9 ,figs4 #aec1 #aed1 & :]e ! two v]tical l9es int]sect1 z 9 a 9 ,fig4 #aee1 is ! c5tre ( gravity4 ,! position ( ! h&le be+ fix$ on1 draw a l9e ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! h&le1 & cont9ue x ?r\gh ! c5tre ( gravity ( ! vessel4 ,! sp\t mu/ n[ be at "r angles to ?is l9e4 ,if ?is be ! case ! vessel w p\r freely :ile ! h&le is j hung ^u ! ?umb or f+] ( ! p]son desir+ to p\r f x1 z may be se5 f ,figs4 #aef1 #aeg1 9 :i* ! /raight l9e ,a1 pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( gravity a1 is at "r angles1 z x %\ld be1 ) ! /raight l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! sp\t4 ,?is law1 if obey$1 w always enable liquid to be p\r$ f a vessel )\t its appe>+ heavi] ?an x actually is1 b x w be se5 t ! %ape ( ! vessel mu/ be consid]$ s t ! sp\t & h&le c be> ?is relation to ea* o!r1 z 9 ,figs4 #aef1 #aeg1 #aeh1 #aei1 & #afj4 ,"s %apes w n admit ( x1 s !y mu/ be avoid$1 z may be se5 by exam9+ ,figs4 #aea & #aeb1 :i* %[ a tea-pot ( faulty %ape 9 ?is respect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aef4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aei4 ,a consid]ation ( ?is law %[s t ! h&les ( jugs--^? =m$ ( silv]1 ( glass1 & ( e>!nw>e alike--are usually plac$ too high2 b 9 ?is respect ?+s are mu* bett] ?an !y 7 a few ye>s back4 ,n[ we some:at frequ5tly see a jug ) ! h&le 9 ! "r place1 :ile "s ye>s back we nev] did4 ,silv] jugs are n[ ! mo/ g5]ally faulty 9 ?is respect1 & su* mi/akes z ! wrong plac+ ( ! h&le or sp\t ( a vessel result only f ignorance1 = no man kn[+ ! law w\ld violate x4 ,fig4 #afa %[s a common =m ( jug ) its h&le1 b ! h&le is too high2 ! position :i* x %\ld occupy is %[n by ! dott$ l9e4 ,a v excell5t h&le is appli$ to _m ( ! ,fr5* wat]-pots1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #afb4 ,x is unnecess>y t ,i say m respect+ ! %ape & g5]al con/ruction ( silv] & gold vessels1 except to rem>k t if figures or o!r ornam5ts are beat5 up on _! surfaces1 !y mu/ n de/roy or m> _! g5]al cont\r4 ,iron is n us$ ) u z x %\ld be4 ,n only is ! effect produc$ :5 x is inlaid ) silv] & o!r metals excell5t1 b by ?is mode ( "w our art-creations are greatly pres]v$1 = ! iron is valueless1 & ! lab\r ( remov+ ! small quantity ( preci\s metal inlaid w\ld be s great z to r5d] ! ga9 inadequate remun]ation = ! "t consum$ 9 collect+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afb4 ,m4 ,*ri/ophle1 ( ,p>is1 & also ,m4 ,b>b$i5 9 a less] degree1 h comm5c$ to inlay copp] vessels ) silv]1 & "s ( _! works are v beautiful4 ,! ,japanese h f an e>ly "t inlaid silv] 9 bronze4 ,?is inlay+ ( silv] into copp] is a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 & %\ld be enc\rag$ by all lov]s ( art4 ,! ,indians n only inlay silv] 9 iron1 b also gold 9 silv] & 9 iron2 & ! ,italians & o!r peoples h inlaid metals 9 a simil> way2 & ! firmness & intricacy ( "s specim5s ( ?is inlay+ are truly m>vell\s4 ,by ! process ( enamell+1 col\r c be appli$ to metal1 & ( all arts ?is art ( enamell+ produces works :i* are mo/ lovely2 at lea/1 if ! be/ works ( enamel d n surpass ^? produc$ by any o!r manufacture1 !y are equal 9 beauty to ! works ( ! highe/ excell5ce4 ,transp>5t enamels are 9 "s cases v beautiful1 b !y d n g5]ally comp>e ) ! opaque enamels1 su* z 7 l>gely us$ by ! ,*9ese ab\t a hundr$ & fifty ye>s back1 & by ! ,japanese1 or ^? n[ s skilfully produc$ by ,b>b$i51 ! ,alg]ian ,onyx ,company1 & ,*ri/ophle1 all ( ,p>is4 ,*9ese cloisonne enamel vases may be se5 at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & "h y may also f9d "o or two small pieces ( ,japanese enamel1 z well z "o or two gr& specim5s by ,b>b$i51 ( ,p>is4 ,! ,*9ese enamels h mo/ frequ5tly a light blue 7sort ( turquoise7 gr\nd1 b !y occur ) bo? r$1 :ite1 gre51 & yell[ gr\nds2 :ile ! ornam5t is ( mix$ col\rs1 b g5]ally ) light yell[-gre51 deep] blue-gre51 or d>k blue prevail+ 9 x4 ,! ,japanese enamels h a l[] tone ( col\r-effect ?an ! ,*9ese1 & ! "w is f9] & ! col\rs m m+l$1 :ile ! mod]n ,fr5* enamels are full 9 col\r1 & are yet ri* & subdu$ 9 g5]al effect--"s ( !m1 inde$1 are mo/ beautiful works4 ,! ,elk+tons1 ( ,birm+ham & ,london1 h also produc$ "s beautiful ?+s 9 ?is way1 b n 9 ! quantities t ,b>b$i5 has4 ,i mo/ /rongly advise ! art-/ud5t to /udy ^! works 9 enamel4 ,niello-"w is a =m ( enri*m5t appli$ to metal1 b is n 9 g5]al use2 x is a difficult process4 ,silv] snuff-boxes & p5dants = wat*-*a9s ) a niello patt]n ^u !m are n uncommon1 h[ev]1 9 ,belgium & ,russia1 ! niello patt]n appe>+ z d>k lead-p5cil "w ^u ! silv]4 ,"s niello-"w is v quiet & beautiful1 b mu* ne$ n be said respect+ x4 ,jewels may be ins]t$ 9 metal1 b if ?is is done !y %\ld be some:at sp>+ly us$1 ev5 9 ! mo/ co/ly ( works1 = if !y are abundant !y produce m]e glitt]1 & ! aim ( ! ornam5ti/ mu/ 9 all cases be ! production ( repose4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,h>dw>e4 ,hav+ consid]$ metal-"w 9 its m co/ly bran*es1 we come to ! consid]ation ( h>dw>e1 & ,i am glad t we h n[ to deal ) su* metal-"w z results f ! use ( inexp5sive mat]ials1 = x is su* t mu/ be g5]ally employ$1 :ile works =m$ ( ! preci\s metals c be us$ only by comp>atively few p]sons4 ,! object ( art is ! giv+ ( pleasure2 ! mission ( ! arti/ is t ( giv+ ennobl+ pleasure4 ,if z an arti/ ,i give pleasure1 ,i to an ext5t fulfil my mission2 b ,i d s1 p]fectly1 only :5 ,i give ! greate/ am\nt ( ! mo/ ref9$ pleasure by my art t x is possible = me to give4 ,if by produc+ works :i* c be procur$ by _m ,i give pleasure1 x is well t ,i d s2 b if ! _m fail to d]ive pleasure f my works1 !n ,i mu/ address myself to ! few1 & be cont5t ) my less] mission4 ,education appe>s to be necess>y to ! appreciation ( all art2 ! arti/1 !n1 is a man :o appeals to ! educat$4 ,if "s p]sons1 by _! sup]ior education1 are enabl$ to appreciate art m fully ?an ^? :o are ignorant1 & c consequ5tly d]ive m pleasure f x ?an ! less cultur$ p]son1 x might !n be desirable t ! arti/ %\ld address himself1 ?r\gh co/ly mat]ials1 to ! few1 = !reby he might be giv+ ! greate/ am\nt ( pleasure4 ,i always1 h[ev]1 l to produce works 9 *eap mat]ials1 = !n ,i "k t ,i =m :at is capable ( giv+ pleasure to ! poor man--if appreciative--:o may possess x1 z well z ! ri*4 ,9 h>dw>e we f9d two classes ( "w 9 ! m>ket :i* appe> to h little 9 common--! "o class be+ *>act]is$ by a prepond]ance ( excell5ce1 & ! o!r by ! dom9ance ( :at is co>se & in>ti/ic4 ,! fir/ class ( "w is t :i* is produc$ by :at are t]m$ ecclesia/ical metal-work]s2 ! second consi/s ( :at is g5]ally kn[n z ,birm+ham w>e4 ,x is an error to suppose t ^! s-call$ ecclesia/ical--or m$iaeval1 z !y are sometimes call$--metal-work]s produce only ecclesia/ical & m$iaeval "w4 ,on ! contr>y1 "s ( ^! m5--& !y are n[ _m 9 numb]--devote !mselves almo/ exclusively to dome/ic "w1 & mo/ ( !m fabricate articles 9 all /yles ( art4 ,if ,i want$ an arti/ic set ( fire-irons1 ,i %\ld g to "o ( ! ecclesia/ical w>eh\ses1 = !re ,i h se5 _m sets t my reason comm5ds & my judgm5t approves2 b ,i nev] saw a set produc$ = ! g5]al m>ket t ,i lik$2 & ! mo/ arti/ic f5d]s1 grates1 & gas-fitt+s1 9 almo/ any /yle1 are to be got at ^! %ops4 ,i d n mean to convey ! impression t all ?+s made at ^! ecclesia/ical w>eh\ses are good1 & t all ?+s ( ,birm+ham 7or ,%effield7 manufacture are bad1 = ,i h se5 indiff]5t works 9 ^! m$iaeval %ops1 & ,i h se5 excell5t ?+s f ,birm+ham--especially ,i might m5tion z good c]ta9 gaseli]s produc$ by two ( ! small] ,birm+ham h\ses--b z a rule ! works f\nd 9 ! m$iaeval w>eh\ses are good1 & z a rule ! works 9 h>dw>e produc$ by ,birm+ham & ,%effield are bad1 9 po9t ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afd4 ,x w appe> a m]e repetition if ,i insi/ t ! mat]ials ( :i* works ( h>dw>e are =m$ be us$ 9 ! easie/ mann] 9 :i* !y c be work$1 & t e article be s =m$ z p]fectly to answ] ! end ( its =mation4 ,yet ,i mu/ d s4 ,let u look = a common set ( fire-irons1 & we %all f9d t n9e pok]s out ( t5 h a h&le t]m9at+ 9 a po9t$ knob4 ,n[1 z ! object ( ?is knob is t ( enabl+ u to ex]cise =ce :]e) to break l>ge pieces ( coal1 ! folly ( t]m9at+ ?is knob ) a po9t is obvi\s4 ,a pok] is1 ess5tially1 an object ( utility2 x %\ld !re=e be useful4 ,x is ridicul\s to talk ( a pok] z an ornam5t2 yet we f9d x fa%ionable n[ to h a bright pok] z an ornam5t1 :i* is obtrusively display$ to ! visitor1 & a little black pok]1 :i* is c>efully conceal$ f view1 res]v$ = use4 ,i _c imag9e :at p w n d = %[ & fa%ion1 b to ! ?9k+ m9d su* littl5ess z t :i* induces wom5 to keep a pok] z an ornam5t mu/ be di/ress+2 & until p]sons :o desire to be reg>d$ z educat$ le>n to discrim9ate betwe5 an ornam5t & an article ( utility1 little progress 9 art c be made4 ,if a pok] is simply a ?+ to be look$ at1 !n x may be z inconv5i5t z y please1 = if x has no purpose to fulfil by its creation x _c be unfitt$ to its purpose4 ,! same rem>ks w apply to %ovel & tongs4 ,if !y are int5d$ z works ( utility1 !n _! =m mu/ be c>efully consid]$2 b if !y are to be m]e ornam5ts ,i h no?+ to say respect+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aff4 ,utility & beauty are n insep>able2 b if an article ( any k9d is int5d$ to answ] any p>ticul> end1 x %\ld be fitt$ to answ] ! end propos$ by its =mation2 b aft] x is creat$ z a "w ( utility1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ord] t x be also a "w ( beauty4 ,) due consid]ation1 almo/ e "w may be r5d]$ bo? useful & beautiful1 & x mu/ ev] be ! aim ( ! intellig5t ornam5ti/ to r5d] !m s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afh4 ,iron is capable ( be+ wr\ght 9 v>i\s ways2 x maybe ca/1 or hamm]$1 or cut1 or fil$4 ,ca/+ is ! lea/ arti/ic mode ( treat+ iron2 b if iron is to be ca/1 ! patt]ns =m$ %\ld be s fully adapt$ to ?is me?od ( manufacture t ! mode ( work+ may be readily app>5t4 ,x is fooli% to seek to make ca/-iron appe> z wr\ght-iron3 ca/-iron %\ld appe> z ca/-iron1 & wr\ght-iron z wr\ght-iron4 ,ca/-iron is brittle1 & mu/ n be reli$ ^u z ( great /r5g?2 :ile wr\ght-iron is t\gh1 & w b5d "u great pressure r ?an break4 ,wr\ght-iron c be readily b5t into scrolls1 or ! end ( a rod ( metal c be hamm]$ flat & %ap$ into ! =m ( a leaf1 & p>ts c ei!r be weld$ toge!r or fa/5$ by small coll>s1 p9s1 or screws4 ,"o or two illu/rations ( good wr\ght-iron "w by ,skidmore1 ,b5ham1 & ,h>t1 are giv5 9 ! engrav+s4 ,z an illu/ration ( a simple rail+1 is figur$ "o %[n 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb 7,fig4 #afc71 :i* is 9 e respect excell5t4 ,its /r5g? is v great1 yet x is qua9t & beautiful4 ,z x 0 %[n x 0 col\r$1 & ! col\rs 7 s appli$ z to increase its effect & beauty4 ,if ! /ud5t w c>efully devote himself to ! consid]ation ( excell5t works 9 metal1 he w le>n m ?an by mu* read+4 ,let him procure1 if possible1 ! illu/rat$ catalogues ( su* m5 z ,h>t ( ,london1 ,h>dman ( ,birm+ham1 & ,dovey ( ,man*e/]1 & /udy ! sket*es :i* he w !re see1 & he w c]ta9ly discov] ! pr9ciples ( a true art1 su* z he mu/ seek to apply 9 a mann] concordant ) 8 own orig9al feel+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afi4 ,( our illu/rations1 ! example by ,skidmore 7,fig4 #afa7 furni%es u ) an excell5t mode ( treatm5t4 ,iron b&s are readily b5t into volutes1 or curves ( v>i\s descriptions1 & ! p>ts s =m$ c be unit$ by weld+1 screws1 or bolts4 ,h>dman's gate 7,fig4 #afe7 is 9 e respect excell5t2 x is qua9t1 vigor\s1 & illu/rative ( a true mode ( work+ metal4 ,! two foliat$ rail+s 7,figs4 #aff1 #afg7 are also v m]itori\s4 ,!y are simple 9 design1 & _! p>ts are well fa/5$ toge!r4 ,i advise v /rongly t ! /ud5t c>efully consid] ! illu/rations :i* accompany ?is *apt]4 ,9 iron-"w ! manife/ation ( a true con/ructive pr9ciple is beyond all ?+s desirable4 ,iron1 be+ a /rong mat]ial1 %\ld n be =m$ into heavy masses unless imm5se weight has to be su/a9$1 or v great /r5g? is requir$4 ,if we =m lamps1 c&elabra1 & su* works ( iron1 x is obvi\s t ! portions ( metal employ$ 9 _! con/ruction may be ?91 z ! mat]ial is ( great /r5g?4 ,7 we to =m su* works ( wood1 !n a greatly increas$ ?ickness ( mat]ial w\ld be necess>y1 9 ord] t ! same /r5g? be secur$1 z wood is n ne>ly s /rong z iron4 ,my rem>ks w h special ref]5ce to wr\ght-iron1 z ca/-iron _c s fully be said to h a con/ructive "*4 ,! small rail+ 7,fig4 #afc7 is an admirable illu/ration ( a true con/ructive =mation1 z ! p>ts are all held toge!r1 & /r5g!n$ to a wond]ful degree1 by ! introduction ( a horse%oe-%ap$ memb]4 ,?is rail+ is wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful /udy1 = its /r5g? is great4 ,besides /r5g? we h also beauty4 ,! horse%oe =m1 especially :5 judici\sly appli$1 is f> f be+ (f5sive4 ,utility mu/ come fir/1 & !n beauty1 & s x does 9 ?is p>ticul> rail+2 b "h we h great simplicity1 & a correct /ructural "* has be5 arriv$ at 9 its production r ?an any elaboration ( ! pr9ciples ( beauty4 ,f ! catalogue ( ,j4 ,w4 ,dovey1 ( ,man*e/]1 ,i select an illu/ration ( /ructure 9 ! =m ( a c&elabrum :i* is highly satisfactory 9 "* z a simple "w 7,fig4 #afh74 ,!re is a solidly-=m$ heavy base1 an upright /em t]m9at+ 9 a c&le-hold]4 ,!re is an arrangem5t = cat*+ wa/e grease1 & extra /r5g? is giv5 to ! /em by f\r sl5d] buttress-l brackets1 :i* are securely & well atta*$ to ! base & to ! /em above2 & ^! are /r5g!n$ by two hoops1 :i* prev5t _! b5d+ "u pressure4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agj4 ,figs4 #afi & #agj1 ! =m] be+ a ridge or wall cre/+1 & ! latt] a /air rail+1 are ea* illu/rations ( a correct treatm5t1 inasmu* z /r5g? 7a /ructural quality7 & beauty 7an art quality7 are secur$ at ! same "t4 ,fig4 #afi is admirably con/ruct$1 only x is a little sl5d] above ! middle horizontal l9e4 ,^! two illu/rations are also f ,mr4 ,dovey's catalogue4 ,9 ! catalogue j nam$1 & 9 ^? previ\sly nam$ also1 _m good examples may be f\nd illu/rative ( ! successful comb9ation ( true /ructural qualities ) a consid]able am\nt ( beauty1 & also ackn[l$g+ ! /r5g? ( ! mat]ial by ! lightness ( ! p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aga4 ,^? :o reside 91 or visit1 ,london1 w d well to g to ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & /udy a l>ge & spl5did1 c&elabrum ( ,messrs4 ,hurt1 ,son1 & ,pe>d1 :i* is well wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,x is r heavy1 & is ( enorm\s /r5g?1 b 9 mo/ o!r respects x is highly comm5dable4 ,x1 is beautiful1 well proportion$1 & illu/rative ( a correct treatm5t ( metal4 ,besides ?is1 x exemplifies ! mann] 9 :i* /ones or jewels may be appli$ to works 9 h>dw>e ) advantage4 ,z a fur!r illu/ration ( a correct & v beautiful treatm5t ( metal1 we give "o segm5t ( ! ,h]e=d ,ca!dral ,scre5 7,fig4 #aga71 ! "w ( t mo/ intellig5t ( metal-work]s1 ,mr4 ,skidmore ( ,cov5try4 ,?is scre5 0 %[n 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 9 ,london1 & 0 f !re remov$ to its place 9 ! ca!dral4 ,all :o c w d well to view ?is beautiful "w1 :i* is "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( arti/ic metal-"w ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,notice ! ease ) :i* iron may be treat$ if a correct mode ( work+ be employ$4 ,let a b> ( iron be tak5 :i* is ab\t half an in* 9 ?ickness1 by #a-a_/d broad4 ,?is c be roll$ into a volute 7! filigree mode ( treatm5t71 or its end c be hamm]$ out into /ems & leaves1 & to x c be atta*$ o!r leaves by rivets1 screws1 or ties1 or x c be b5t into any /ructural =m4 ,to ! /ud5t ,i say1 /udy ! %apes into :i* simple b>s ( iron c be beat51 bo? m5tally & by obs]v+ well-=m$ works4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agb4 ,brass1 copp]1 & o!r metals may be associat$ ) iron 9 ! =mation ( any works4 ,if well manag$1 brass & o!r bright metals may act z gems--t is1 !y may give bright spots2 b :]e ! bright metals are us$ ) ?is view1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ord] t ! bright spots be =m$ by beautiful p>ts1 & t _! di/ribution be j1 = t :i* is bright w attract fir/ att5tion4 ,be=e leav+ ?is "p ( our subject1 ,i mu/ call att5tion to a h+e by ,h>dman1 ( ,birm+ham1 :i* 0 %[n 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 z x is bo? qua9t & beautiful 7,fig4 #agb74 ,! door to :i* ?is h+e 0 appli$ op5$ twice2 ! fir/ half op5$ & fold$ back on ! second half1 & !n ! two halves op5$ z "o door1 z w be se5 f ! illu/ration4 ,x is v desirable t we h a little novelty ( arrangem5t 9 our works4 ,we are too apt to repeat ourselves1 h5ce x is a sort ( relief to meet ) a new idea4 ,x is impossible t ,i take up ea* article ( h>dw>e & consid] x sep>ately4 ,all ,i c d is to po9t out pr9ciples1 & leave ! le>n] to consid] & apply !m = himself--pr9ciples :i*1 once und]/ood1 may result 9 ! con/ruction ( _m excell5t works1 & may lead to ! =mation ( a correct judgm5t respect+ su* objects z may be br\ght =w>d = criticism4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 j call att5tion to gas-bran*es1 z !y are (t5 wrongly con/ruct$4 ,a gas-bran* is a duct ?r\gh :i* gas is to be convey$4 ,x mu/ be /rong if x is to be expos$ to pressure1 or if x runs ! *ance ( com+ 9 collision ) ! p]son1 z d /&>d lights 9 public build+s4 ,! ma9 "p ( a gas-bran* is ! tube or pipe :i* is to convey ! gas1 b ?is may be support$ 9 _m ways1 z by su* buttress-l brackets z 9 ! c&elabrum %[n 9 ,fig4 #afh2 & if !re are bran* tubes = sev]al lights1 ^! may well be connect$ ) ! c5tral tube1 n only by _! own atta*m5t1 b by brackets ( "s sort1 or ) "o ano!r by "s connect+ p>ts4 ,:e!r ! gas-bran* be p5d5t or /&>d1 ?is mode ( /r5g!n+ ! tube-"w %\ld be employ$1 = ! tubes !mselves are b slightly held toge!r1 & by pressure be+ br\ght to be> ^u !m1 a dang]\s & exp5sive escape ( gas may result4 ,9 ! manufacture ( gaseli]s "o or two ( ! small] ,birm+ham h\ses h c]ta9ly di/+ui%$ !mselves by ! production ( works bo? beautiful & true2 & ^! lead me to ?9k t a bett] day is dawn+ = ,birm+ham1 9 :i* its art %all be exalt$ r ?an degrad$1 & %all be su* z w w9 to x ! e/eem ( ! _w r ?an call =? ! execrations ( art-lov+ p4 ,z to ! col\r+ ( iron ,i c say little4 ,9 my judgm5t ! be/ modes ( col\r+ metals 7 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,skidmore ( ,cov5try1 ( :om ,i h be=e spok54 ,8 !ory is ?is1 t metals are be/ col\r$ by ! t9ts ( _! oxides4 ,:5 a metal1 especially brass1 is se5 9 a furnace 9 a molt5 condition1 ! flames1 :]e ! oxyg5 ( ! atmosph]e is unit+ ) ! vap\r ( ! metal1 pres5t ! mo/ respl5d5t t9ts4 ,! same ?+ 9 a less] degree occurs 9 ! case ( iron1 b "h ! col\rs are less brilliant1 & are m t]ti>y 9 "*4 ,mr4 ,skidmore applies to a metal ! col\rs se5 9 ! flames ( ! furnace :]e x melts4 ,)\t attempt+ to limit ! col\ri/ to any !ory :]eby 8 ideas might be re/rict$1 ,i mu/ say t ,skidmore's col\r+ ( ! metals is v good4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,/a9$ ,,glass4 ,f e>ly times x has be5 cu/om>y to col\r glass4 ,to ! anci5t ,egyptians a me?od ( =m+ glass ( v>i\s t9ts 0 kn[n1 & by produc+ a mass ( glass consi/+ ( v>i\sly col\r$ pieces vitre\sly unit$1 & cutt+ ?is into slices1 !y1 9 a co/ly & labori\s mann]1 produc$ a sort ( /a9$ glass :i* might h be5 employ$ = ! sides ( lant]ns or o!r purposes4 ,! ,greeks 7 acqua9t$ ) a simil> process1 & b[ls =m$ 9 ?is mann] by !m are common 9 our museums4 ,soon aft] ! re-discov]y ( glass 9 our own c\ntry1 me?ods ( col\r+ x 7 s\ght1 & ca!dral w9d[s 7 =m$1 :i* 7 ( su* beauty1 & 7 s ?or\ghly fitt$ to answ] ! end ( _! creation1 t little or no improvem5t ^u ^! e>ly works has ev5 yet be5 made1 & mu* ( ! decorative glass :i* we n[ produce is f> inf]ior to !m z reg>ds design1 col\r1 & mode ( treatm5t4 ,a w9d[ mu/ fulfil two purposes--x mu/ keep out ra91 w9d1 & cold1 & mu/ admit light2 hav+ fulfill$ ^! ends1 x may be beautiful4 ,if a w9d[ comm&s a lovely view let x1 if possible1 be =m$ ( b few %eets 7if n v l>ge1 ( "o %eet7 ( plate-glass2 = ! works ( ,god are m wor?y ( contemplation1 ) _! ev]-*ang+ beauty1 ?an ! works ( man2 b if ! w9d[ comm&s only a mass ( bricks & mort> in>ti/ically arrang$1 let x1 if possible1 be =m$ ( col\r$ glass hav+ beauty ( design manife/$ by ! arrangem5t ( its p>ts4 ,a w9d[ %\ld nev] appe> z a picture ) p>ts treat$ 9 light & %ade4 ,! =e%ort5+ ( ! p>ts1 & all p]spective treatm5ts1 are be/ avoid$1 z f> z possible4 ,i d n say t ! human figure1 ! l[] animals1 & plants mu/ n be del9eat$ ^u w9d[ glass1 =1 on ! contr>y1 !y may be s treat$ z n only to be beautiful1 b also to be a consi/5t decoration ( glass2 b ?is ,i d say1 t _m /a9$ w9d[s are utt]ly spoil$ ?r\gh ! w9d[ be+ treat$ z a picture1 & n z a protection f ! wea!r & z a s\rce ( light4 ,if pictorially treat$ subjects are employ$ ^u w9d[ glass1 !y %\ld be treat$ v simply1 & drawn 9 bold outl9e )\t %ad+1 & ! p>ts %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by v>y+ _! col\rs4 ,?us1 ! fle% ( a figure may be =m$ ( glass hav+ a p9k tone2 ! robe ( ! figure ( glass :i* is gre51 purple1 or any o!r col\r2 a fl[] may be =m$ ( :ite glass1 or ( glass ( any col\r2 ! leaves ( gre5 glass2 & ! sky backgr\nd ( blue glass4 ,all ! p>ts w ?us be di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r by col\r1 & ! di/9ction ( "p f "p w be fur!r enhanc$ by ! /rong black outl9e :i* b\nds ! p>ts & furni%es ! draw+ ( ! picture4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agd4 ,/rong col\rs %\ld r>ely be us$ 9 w9d[s1 z !y ret>d ! admission ( light4 ,light is ess5tial to our well-be+2 our heal? ( body dep5ds 9 a l>ge measure ^u ! am\nt ( light :i* falls ^u ! sk94 ,^? wond]ful *emical *anges1 9 ! abs5ce ( :i* !re c be no life1 9 "p1 at lea/1 dep5d ^u ! exposure ( our bodies to light2 let our w9d[s1 !n1 admit ^! life-giv+ rays4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t if light is n freely admitt$ to an ap>tm5t ! col\rs ( all ! objects :i* x conta9s1 & ( its own decorations if x has any1 are sacrific$1 = 9 ! abs5ce ( light !re is no col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #age4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agi4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahj4 ,x is n necess>y1 9 ord] to ! production ( a beautiful w9d[1 t mu* /rong col\r be us$2 t9ts ( creamy yell[1 pale amb]1 light t9ts ( t]ti>y blue1 blue-grey1 olive1 russet1 & o!r sombre or delicate hues1 if enliv5$ ) small portions ( ruby or o!r full col\rs1 produce ! mo/ *>m+ effects1 & by _! use we h consi/5t w9d[s4 ,a good dome/ic w9d[ is (t5 produc$ by armorial be>+s 9 col\r be+ plac$ on geometrically arrang$ tess]ae ( slightly t9t$ glass4 ,9 "s cases su* an arrangem5t z ?is is highly desirable1 = ! room may ?us get ! b5efit :i* a bit ( col\r w sometimes af=d1 & at ! same "t a pleasant view may be _h ?r\gh ! uncol\r$ portion ( ! w9d[4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is class ( w9d[1 we extract "o f ! catalogue ( ^? excell5t arti/s 9 /a9$ glass1 ,messrs4 ,heaton1 ,butl]1 & ,bayne1 ( ,g>rick ,/reet 7,fig4 #agc74 ,a good w9d[ may also be =m$ by bord]+ a pla9 w9d[ ) col\r1 7,fig4 #agd71 or 9 place ( ! pla9 c5tre squ>es ( glass may be us$1 ea* be>+ a diap] patt]n1 z ,figs4 #age to #ahb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aha4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahb4 ,no ar*itectural con/ructive feature %\ld be introduc$ into a w9d[--?us1 an elaborate ar*itectural canopy ov]%ad[+ a figure is n at all desirable4 ,if a figure is =m$ ( a p]i%able mat]ial1 & /&s on ! outside ( a build+1 x is well t x be protect$ f ! ra9 by a canopy2 b su* a contrivance :5 introduc$ ov] a figure drawn on a flat w9d[ is absurd1 be+ useless4 ,let u always consid] :at we h to d be=e we comm5ce ! =mation ( any ornam5tal article1 & !n seek to d x 9 ! mo/ simple1 consi/5t1 & beautiful mann]4 ,figs4 #ahc & #ahd repres5t my views ( :at /a9$ glass may advantage\sly be4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahc4 ,m ?an once 9 ! c\rse ( ^! *apt]s ,i h prote/$ 9 /rong t]ms aga9/ pret5ce 9 art & art-decoration--! desire to make ?+s appe> to be made ( bett] mat]ial or m co/ly sub/ances ?an :at !y h 9 reality be5 wr\ght f--t leads m5 to pa9t & v>ni% a pla9 free/one mantelpiece 9 imitation ( "s exp5sive m>ble1 or to make doors & w9d[-%utt]s1 skirt+ & panell+ t ! c>p5t] has fa%ion$ out ( r$ or yell[ deal1 assume ! appe>ance ( oak1 or maple1 or sat9wood1 by ! deceptive skill ( ! gra9]4 ,9 no case c ! imitation ev] approa* a fair resemblance to ! reality x is propos$ to imitate4 ,! co>se1 r\gh gra9 ( ! s(t free/one1 :i* is incapable ( receiv+ a poli%1 or r ( be+ poli%$ until x becomes z smoo?1 & ev51 & lu/r\s z good glass1 c nev] be made by successive coat+s ( pa9t & v>ni% to af=d a satisfactory resemblance to ! m>ble t x is suppos$ to repres5t1 h[ev] c>efully ! cunn+ h& ( ! pa9t] may h imitat$ ! ve9s1 & spots1 & curi\s div]sities ( col\r ) :i* ,nature has v>iegat$ ! surface ( ! sub/ance t he is endeav\r+ to copy4 ,nor1 aga91 c a co>se-gra9$1 s(t wood1 h[ev] skill$ may be ! h& t manipulates x1 be treat$ s z to resemble ! texture & smoo?ness ( h>d1 close-gra9$ wood1 :i* f its v nature is capable ( receiv+ ! high poli% t ! s(t] mat]ial c nev] take if treat$ by ! same process--t is1 unless ! exp5se ( produc+ ! imitation greatly exce$s ! co/ ( ! ?+ imitat$4 ,& :at is applicable to ! treatm5t ( wood & /one is applicable also to ! treatm5t ( glass3 = z a free/one mantelpiece1 or deal door1 h[ev] suitable & pleas+ to ! eye ei!r may be :5 simply pa9t$ 9 ! "o case & v>ni%$ 9 ! o!r to pres]ve ! surface f ! det]iorat+ influ5ces ( dirt ( any k9d1 c nev] be made by ! ex]cise ( reasonable "t & skill to pres5t ! appe>ance ( m>ble or oak2 s glass1 by ! application ( col\r r5d]$ transp>5t by v>ni%1 c nev] be br\ght to resemble glass /a9$ or pa9t$ by ! legitimate me?od1 ei!r 9 delicacy ( t9t1 or dep?1 & ri*ness1 & brilliancy ( col\r4 ,! great] "p ( ! imitative /a9$ glass1 or diaphanie z x is /yl$1 fails n only 9 col\r1 b 9 design2 & 9 ?is inde$ x may p]haps be said to be especially faulty4 ,! designs1 :i* are pr9t$ on pap]1 ) ! view ( imitat+ glass patt]ns1 err pr9cipally 9 be+ too elaborate1 & 9 repres5t+ figures & sc5]y :i* are n 9 "* or keep+ ) ! designs t are usually repres5t$ 9 pa9t$ glass4 ,if conf9$ to simple diap] "w1 or bord]+s & h]aldic emblems1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #agc & #agd1 or patt]ns simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ahc1 ! arti/ic effect produc$ w\ld be m satisfactory1 al?\gh x c nev] equal g5u9e /a9$ glass 9 dep? ( col\r or purity ( tone4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahd4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,conclusion4 ,i h n[ treat$ ( art z appli$ to our indu/rial manufactures1 & h po9t$ out pr9ciples :i* mu/ be recognisable 9 all art-works :i* pret5d to m]it4 ,we h se5 t mat]ial mu/ 9 all cases be us$ 9 ! simple/ & mo/ natural mann]2 t1 :]ev] possible1 we mu/ avail ourselves ( ! fri5dly aid ( natural =ces2#bi t ! mo/ conv5i5t %ape mu/ always be select$ = a vessel or art-object ( any k9d2 & t beauty mu/ !n be add$ to t :i* is useful4 ,all art-objects mu/ be useful & !n beautiful2 !y mu/ be utilit>ian1 & yet s graceful1 s comely1 t !y %all be lov$ = _! beauty z well z valu$ = _! usefulness4 ,:ile ,i h set =? ^? pr9ciples :i* mu/ ev] gov]n ! application ( ornam5t to useful articles1 ,i _c %[ ! /ud5t any royal road to ! atta9m5t ( art-k4 ,!re is some?+ 9 a true art-"w :i* is too subtle = expression by words2 !re is a quality ab\t an art-"w1 or ! expression ( an am\nt ( feel+1 :i* _c be describ$1 yet :i* is s obvi\s z to be at once app>5t to ! tra9$ eye4 #bi ,see *apt]s on glass & e>!nw>e4 ,! only way 9 :i* ! p[] ( appreciat+ art-qualities c be ga9$1 especially if ^! qualities are ( a subtle nature1 is by ! c>eful /udy ( works ( kn[n excell5ce4 ,c\ld ! /ud5t visit our museums 9 company ) a tra9$ ornam5ti/1 :o w\ld po9t out :at 0 good & :at 0 bad 9 art1 he w\ld soon le>n1 by /udy+ ! beautiful works1 to p]ceive art-qualities2 b z ?is is n possible to mo/1 ! le>n] mu/ be cont5t to consid] ea* art-"w ) :i* he comes 9 contact 9 conjunction ) ! pr9ciples ,i h set =w>d4 ,let him take a "w--say a tea-pot4 ,he w n[ ask himself--has ! mat]ial ( :i* x is =m$ be5 judici\sly & simply us$8--is ! %ape conv5i5t8--is ! h&le prop]ly appli$1 & does ! sp\t be> a prop] relation to ! h&le8--is ! =m graceful or vigor\s8--is ! curve :i* b\nds ! =m ( a subtle nature8--is ! engrav+ appli$ 9 judici\s quantities & 9 j proportions8--are ! engrav$ =ms beautiful1 & su* z d n suff] by be+ se5 9 p]spective on a r\nd$ surface8 ,by su* que/ions ! /ud5t w inquire into ! nature ( :atev] is pres5t$ to 8 consid]ation1 & only by con/antly mak+ su* inquiries1 & seek+ to answ] !m correctly1 c he ga9 ! k :i* w enable him rightly to judge ( ! nature ( art-works4 ,"s ( ^! inquiries ! "y /ud5t w readily answ]1 ) o!rs he w h difficulty2 =1 8 ta/e be+ yet uncultivat$1 he w n "k :e!r a =m is beautiful or n4 ,nev]!less1 ,i say to ! le>n]1 try to answ] ^! v>i\s inquiries z well z y c1 & !n note ! %ape ( ! object 9 a memor&um-book1 & write y\r op9ion respect+ x 9 brief t]ms1 & y\r reasons = y\r op9ion4 ,by ?us not+ y\r /udies y ga9 _m advantages2 ?us1 y mu/ frame y\r ideas ) "s degree ( exactness :5 y h to put !m into words1 & exactness ( idea is ess5tial to y\r success4 ,y c also ref] to previ\s ?\ghts1 & ?us impress !m ^u ! memory2 & y c obs]ve y\r progress1 :i* is important1 & %\ld be enc\rag+4 ,9 ord] t y acquire ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ art-m]it z quickly z possible1 y mu/ /udy ^? works 9 :i* examples ( bad ta/e are r>ely met )1 y mu/ at fir/ consid] art-objects f ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,*9a1 & ,japan1 z well z examples ( anci5t art f ,egypt & ,greece4 ,b 9 select+ mod]n works f ! ,ea/1 *oose ^? :i* are n altoge!r new if possible4 ,dur+ ! la/ t5 ye>s ! art-works ( ,japan h det]iorat$ to a lam5table ext5t4 ,contact ) ,europeans un=tunately br+s ab\t ! det]ioration ( ,ea/]n art3 9 ord] t ! ,european dem& be met1 quantity is produc$ & quality disreg>d$1 = we cavil respect+ price1 & yet by ?us creat+ a dem& = inf]ior "w we raise ! price ev5 ( t :i* is comp>atively bad1 & soon h to pay = ! co>s] w>es a price = :i* sup]ior articles c\ld at fir/ be procur$4 ,b ?is %\ld be not$3 t ! commone/ w>es :i* we receive f ,japan & ,india are nev] utt]ly bad 9 art4 ,inh>moni\s col\r+ does n appe> to be produc$ by ^! nations1 & ! same may be said ( ,p]sia & ,*9a1 &1 to an ext5t1 ( ,morocco & ,alg]ia1 ! only exceptions be+ :]e ,european influ5ce has be5 long cont9u$4 ,9 select+ examples = /udy y may almo/ rely ^u ! beauty ( all works f ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,p]sia1 & ,india1 :i* h n be5 produc$ "u ,european influ5ce4 ,a notable example ( ! det]iorat+ influ5ce ( ,european ta/e 7p]haps *iefly ,engli% ta/e7 ^u ,ea/]n art is app>5t if we exam9e old c>v$ s&alwood boxes f ,india1 & ^? :i* are n[ s5t to u f ! same c\ntry2 ! quiet1 unobtrusive consi/5cy ( ! ornam5t by :i* x 0 s\ght only to enri* a prop]ly con/ruct$ box 0 n suffici5tly attractive to suit ,european 7or ,engli%87 ta/e4 ,! ornam5t mu/ be m pron\nc$ & 9 high] relief1 & ! entire "w mu/ be m attractive--m vulg>ly attractive ,i might say1 & ?us ! exquisite ref9em5t ( ! old] works is sacrific$ to ! wants ( a ri* b vulg> p1 ^: ta/e = art is inf9itely bel[ t ( _! conqu]$ bre?r51 f :om !y le>n ! pr9ciples ( a beautiful art b sl[ly1 :ile !y d mu* to de/roy ! ref9em5t ( art-ta/e :i* ! workm5 ( our ,ea/]n empire appe> to inh]it4 ,/udy ! works ( ! ,ea/]n nations 9 conjunction ) ! rem>ks :i* ,i made 9 my fir/ *apt] 7see pages #f1 #i1 & #dh71 & !n consid] ! num]\s objects left to u by ! e>ly ,egyptians & ,greeks1 & be> 9 m9d :ile view+ !m :at we h said on ,egyptian & ,greek art 7see pages #f1 #h1 & #aj71 & aft] hav+ le>n$ to und]/& ! m]its ( ,p]sian1 ,japanese1 ,indian1 & ,*9ese art1 & ( t ( ! anci5t ,egyptians & ,greeks1 y may comm5ce to consid] o!r /yles1 tak+ up ! /udy ( ,italian & ,r5aissance art 9 its v>i\s =ms la/ ( all2 = 9 ^! /yles1 or dialects ( a /yle if ,i may ?us speak1 !re is s mu* t is false 9 /ructure1 false 9 repres5tation1 untru?ful 9 expression1 & pictorial r ?an ornam5tal 9 effect1 t a v complete acqua9tance ) ornam5tal art is necess>y 9 ord] t all ! defects ( ^! /yles be app>5t1 & 9 ord] t ! /ud5t avoid fall+ into ! error ( reg>d+ a pictorial effect z ! result ( a true /yle ( ornam5tal art4 ,/udy1 :5 accompani$ by individual ?\ght1 is ! means :]eby art-k w be ga9$4 ,no m]e look+ at works :i* are beautiful & true w make a great ornam5ti/4 ,he :o w\ld atta9 to great k mu/ /udy :atev] comm5ds itself to him z wor?y ( 8 att5tion1 &1 above all1 mu/ ?9k mu* ^u ! works :i* he contemplates2 x is ! evid5ce ( m9d--n ( degrad$ b ( noble m9d1 ( ref9$ m9d1 ( cultivat$ m9d1 ( well-in=m$ m9d1 ( m9d :i* has k1 ( m9d :i* has vig\r1 ( m9d :i* is fre% & new--t we f9d impress$ ^u a "w & giv+ to x value4 ,:ile we1 z art-/ud5ts1 h1 above all ?+s1 to atta9 to cultivation ( ! m9d1 we _c give expression to ref9$ feel+s manife/$ 9 =m unless we c draw1 & draw almo/ faultlessly2 & ! ability to draw ) accuracy1 p[]1 & feel+ c only result f mu* practice4 ,let e sp>e mom5t1 !n1 f9d ! sket*-book 9 y\r h&1 & be con/antly try+ to draw bo? c>efully1 neatly1 & ) exactness & f9i%1 su* objects z y see ar\nd y1 ev5 if examples ( good art-works are n at h&2 = by con/ant & c>eful practice y c alone acquire ! necess>y p[] ( express+ ref9$ ?\ght 9 ref9$ =m4 ,avoid mak+ ha/y sket*es4 ,:5 a f9i%$ arti/1 y c af=d to make sket* memor&a2 b till y c draw ) great p[]1 en]gy1 tru?fulness1 & ref9em5t1 let y\r e draw+ be z c>eful & z f9i%$ 9 "*1 h[ev] simple ! object portray$1 z ?\gh y\r welf>e 9 life dep5d$ ^u its "*1 = ^u e sket* y\r future position does1 to a great ext5t1 dep5d4 ,! habit ( c>eful pa9/ak+ %\ld s$ul\sly be cultivat$2 & ) e draw+ ?us made an am\nt ( p[] is ga9$ :i* ! mak+ ( a hundr$ c>eless sket*es w\ld n af=d4 ,let pa9/ak+1 !n1 be *>act]i/ic ( y\r work+4 ,ornam5t ( "s k9d is appli$ to almo/ e article t we see ar\nd u4 ,! pap]s on our walls1 ! c>pets on our floors1 ! hang+s at our w9d[s1 ! plates f :i* we eat1 are all cov]$ by patt]ns ( "s k9d2 yet x is r>e1 ev5 n[ :5 ornam5tation has become g5]al1 to f9d any?+ orig9al 9 ornam5t2 & if we d meet ) some?+ new 9 k9d x is (t5 feeble or timid-look+1 if x does n altoge!r fail to impress u ) ! idea t ! produc] 0 a man ( k4 ,let ! read] be assur$ t if ! design] is a man ( k1 8 ornam5tal compositions w nev] fail to reveal 8 le>n+2 t if he is a man ( p[]1 8 works w reveal 8 /r5g? ( "*2 if he is a man ( ref9$ feel+s1 t 8 designs w manife/ 8 t5d]ness ( p]ception4 ,9 l mann]1 if a man is ignorant he _c )hold f 8 patt]ns ! manife/ation ( 8 ignorance4 ,did n ! ,egyptians express _! p[] ( "* 9 _! ornam5ts8 did n ! ,greeks manife/ _! ref9em5t 9 ! =ms :i* !y drew8 d we n ev5 f9d an expression ( religi\s feel+ /rongly1 yea1 impressively1 set =? by "s art-works1 z by ! illum9at$ manuscripts ( ! e>ly ,middle ,ages8 & d we n e day see ! impress ( ! ignorant ^u c]ta9 wall-pap]s1 c>pets1 & o!r ?+s8 ,x is a fact1 & x is necess>y t we fully recognise x1 t ! k ( ! produc] is manife/$ by 8 works2 & t ! ignorance ( ! ignorant is also manife/$ 9 8 works4 ,if ornam5t is produc$ hav+ new *>act]s1 x is (t5 feeble1 & is g5]ally )\t grace2 :ile p[] is ! expression ( manl9ess1 & grace ( ref9em5t4 ,)\t claim+ to h made a successful ef=t1 ,i put =?1 9 ! frontispiece to ?is volume 7,plate ,i471 f\r ( my /udies 9 orig9al ornam5t1 all ( :i* are to me m or less satisfactory z /udies 9 composition4 ,i h endeav\r$ to secure 9 ea* an am\nt ( en]gy1 vig\r--! p[] ( life1 yet at ! same "t to avoid co>s5ess1 or any gl>+ want ( ref9em5t4 ,i h s\ght to comb9e "r l9es1 :i* are expressive ( p[]1 ) su* curv$ %apes z %all1 ) !m1 produce a pleas+ contra/ ( =m1 & express a c]ta9 am\nt ( grace4 ,9 ! light ornam5t on ! citr9e gr\nd 7t at ! l[] left-h& corn] ( our plate7 ,i h endeav\r$ especially to secure an expression ( grace 9 comb9ation ) t am\nt ( en]gy :i* avoids any expression ( feebl5ess4 ,9 ! bord] ornam5t ,i h introduc$ ! ar* =m1 z x h9ts at a /ructural sett+ out :i* is pleasant2 & ,i h endeav\r$ to cause ! composition to appe> z ?\gh x re/$ on ! l[] dott$ b&1 z ?is gives a feel+ ( security4 ,i d n say t x is necess>y t ?is be s3 all ,i ass]t is t 9 "s cases x gives a feel+ ( satisfaction4 ,s f> z ,i "k1 ! col\r+ is also orig9al4 ,! col\rs employ$ are *iefly ( a t]ti>y "*1 b small masses ( prim>y or second>y col\rs are employ$ 9 ord] to imp>t life to ! composition4 ,i d n set ^! /udies be=e my read]s ) ! idea ( %[+ !m :at orig9al ornam5t %\ld be3 ,i only set !m =? z examples ( new compositions1 & mu/ leave ea* to clo! 8 own ?\ghts ) a befitt+ expression ( 8 individual orig9al ideas4 ,z ,i am writ+ = ! work+ man1 z well z = o!rs1 w he p>don me rem9d+ him t we are call$ to ex]cise an art1 yet at ! same "t our art is associat$ ) ! sci5tific pr(essions--a k ( natural sci5ces1 ( botany1 zoology1 natural philosophy1 & *emi/ry c be v fully utilis$ 9 our art--& t we %\ld1 !re=e1 act z pr(essional m5 & z arti/s ( ! highe/ rank2 = !reby only c we hope to place our call+ 9 t position ( e/eem 9 :i* x %\ld be held1 & mu/ be held1 by ! p at l>ge1 if we are to adm9i/] to _! pleasure z we ought4 ,9 tak+ leave ( my read]1 let me say t if ,i p]sonally c aid him 9 any way1 ,i %all be glad to d s4 ,if any :o really seek k ( decorative design1 & are h>d work]s1 *oose to s5d me designs = criticism or comm5t1 or desire any o!r aid t ,i c give !m1 ,i %all be happy to d :at little ,i c = !m4 ,my address w be f\nd at ! end ( ! ,preface4 ,,index4 ,alt]nation 9 ,ornam5t1 #bd4 ,am]ica1 ,deprav$ ,arti/ic ,ta/e 91 #ajd4 ,an!mion2 a ,greek ,decorative ,device1 #i4 ,arabian ,metal-"w1 #acg4 ,ar* us$ 9 ,furniture1 #ea1 #eb4 ,art may be ,degrad+1 #b2 aims at produc+ ,repose1 #fc2 ! ,object (1 #add4 ,art-k1 ,! ,value (1 #b4 ,baptism1 ,symbol (1 9 ,go?ic ,art1 #ab4 ,beauty 9 ,decoration1 #af1 #ag4 ,b$-room1 ,decoration = a1 #ae4 ,birm+ham ,w>e1 #add1 #ade1 #aeb4 ,black1 a ,neutral 9 ,decorative ,"w1 #de4 ,buhl-"w1 #fd4 ,build+s1 ,decoration (1 #gc1 et seq4 ,byzant9e ,ornam5t1 #aa4 ,cab9et1 ,con/ruction ( a1 #fa4 ,calico1 ,patt]ns on1 #ajg4 ,c>pets1 ,art-qualities & ,patt]ns (1 #id1 et seq42 ,diff]5t ,sorts (1 #id1 #ie2 ,=eign-made1 #ajb1 #ajc2 h[ !y %\ld be laid d[n1 #aje2 ! ,conditions :i* ,gov]n ! ,application ( ,ornam5t to1 #ajf4 ,c>v+1 :5 to be us$1 #fa1 #fb4 ,ca/+ 9 ,metal1 #acf4 ,ca/+1 ! lea/ ,arti/ic ,mode ( ,treat+ ,iron1 #adg4 ,ceil+s1 ,decoration (1 #ge1 et seq42 ,v>i\s1 wor?y ( ,/udy1 #hb2 ) ,pa9t$ ,pictures ,objectionable1 #hb4 ,celtic ,ornam5t1 #be4 ,*air-cov]+s1 #gb4 ,*airs1 ,con/ruction (1 #eb-eg4 ,"* ( ! ,design] %[n by 8 ,"w1 #afc4 ,*9ese ,enamels1 #adc4 ,*9ese ,h>mony ( ,col\r1 #dh4 ,*9ese ,ornam5t1 #aa4 ,*ri/ian ,art1 #aa1 #ab4 ,clay z a ,mat]ial = ,art-purposes1 #aag1 et seq4 ,col\r--9 ,decoration1 #cj1 et seq42 ,contra/ 91 #cb1 #cc2 ,prim>y1 ,second>y1 & ,t]ti>y1 #cb2 ,h>mony 91 #cc1 #ci1 et seq42 ,qualities (1 #cc1 #cd2 ,analytical ,tables (1 #cd2 ,tea*+s ( ,exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to1 #cd1 #de2 ,proportions 9 :i* ,col\rs ,h>monise1 #cd1 #ce1 #cf2 ,pure1 & ,pigm5ts1 #cg1 #ch2 ,p]man5ce (1 #ch1 note2 ,%ades1 ,t9ts1 & ,hues1 #ci2 ,works on1 ref]r$ to1 #di2 = ,/a9$ ,w9d[s1 #aed1 et seq4 ,col\r+ ,metals4 ,see ,skidmore1 ,mr4 ,col\r-top1 !1 #dh1 & note4 ,copp] ,vessels ,inlaid ) ,silv]1 #adb4 ,cornices1 ,col\r+ (1 #ic4 ,c\*es1 #eg1 et seq4 ,curta9 ,mat]ials1 #ajg1 et seq4 ,curves1 mo/ ,beautiful :5 mo/ ,subtle1 #bc4 ,damasc5e ,"w1 #aci4 ,damask ,table-l951 ,patt]ns on1 #ajg1 #ajh1 #aji4 ,damask ,wall-cov]+s4 ,see ,silk ,wall ,damasks4 ,decant]s1 :at !y %\ld be1 #abi4 ,decoration %\ld be 9 keep+ ) ,ar*itecture1 #gc1 #gd1 #ge4 ,design & ,ornam5t1 ,r$grave on1 #ej4 ,d9+-room1 ,decoration = a1 #ad4 ,d9+-tables1 ,mr4 ,ea/lake on ,telescopic1 #ff1 #fg4 ,di/emp] ,col\rs = ,wall ,decoration1 #hc4 ,doric ,column1 ,!1 #i4 ,draw+-room1 ,decoration = a1 #ae4 ,dress1 ,ladies' & ,g5tlem5's1 #ij4 ,patt]ns = ,ladies'1 #aab4 ,e>!n ,vessels1 ,decoration (1 #abe1 #abf1 #abg4 ,ea/lake1 ,mr41 on ,h\sehold ,art1 ref]r$ to1 #eb1 & note4 ,ecclesia/ical ,metal-work]s1 #add1 #ade4 ,egyptian ,ar*itecture1 #h4 ,egyptian ,col\r$ ,glass1 #aec4 ,egyptian ,draw+1 ,peculi>ity (1 #e4 ,egyptian ,ornam5t1 #d-h4 ,embroid]y on ,cotton1 ,indian1 #aad4 ,enamell+ 9 ,metal-"w1 #adc4 ,engl&1 ,ar*itectural ,build+s 91 #aa2 ,h\se ,decoration 91 #cj1 #ca4 ,european ,influ5ce ,injuri\s to ,ea/]n ,art1 #afa4 ,excess 9 ,uphol/]y1 #gj4 ,fabrics1 ,patt]ns ,suitable = ,wov51 #ajg1 et seq4 ,f9i%1 its ,value ,ov]-e/imat$1 #abj4 ,folds1 ,ornam5tation ( ,fabrics to be se5 91 #aab1 et seq4 ,fr5* ,errors ( ,ta/e 9 ,furniture1 #fe4 ,furniture1 ,decorative ,pr9ciples appli$ to1 #ej1 et seq42 ,:at is ,requir$ to make x an ,object ( ,art1 #ej2 ,mat]ial us$ =1 #ea2 ,tru?ful ,con/ruction (1 #ei1 #fe1 et seq42 ,proportion & ,enri*m5t (1 #fa1 #fc4 ,glass1 z a ,mat]ial = ,art-purposes1 #aah1 #abg1 et seq42 ,vessels1 ,v>i\s1 #acj1 et seq42 ,vessels1 ,col\r$1 #aca1 #acb2 ,cutt+ (1 #acb2 ,engrav+ (1 #acc2 ,ornam5tation (1 #acc2 ,/a9$1 #aec1 et seq4 ,gold1 a ,neutral 9 ,decorative ,"w1 #dd1 #de4 ,gold & ,silv]1 ,works 91 #acf4 ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 ,mod]n1 #gd4 ,go?ic ,furniture1 ,falsely ,con/ruct$1 #ff4 ,go?ic ,ornam5t1 #ab4 ,granite ,imitat$1 ,object$ to1 #hi4 ,greek ,col\r$ ,glass1 #aec4 ,greek ,ornam5t1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,greek ,vessels1 #aba4 ,grotesque4 ,see ,hum\r4 ,h&les ( ,vessels1 #ach1 #aci1 #adj4 ,h>dw>e1 ,art 9 ,connection )1 #add1 et seq4 ,h>mony ( ,col\r4 ,see ,col\r4 ,hi/orical ,inquiry ,necess>y to ! ,und]/&+ ( ,decoration1 #d1 ,hum\r 9 ,ornam5t1 #bd-bi2 ,*9ese & ,japanese1 #be1 #bg1 #bh4 ,imitations ( ,m>bles & ,granites1 #hi4 ,indian ,art ,injur$ by ,european ,influ5ce1 #afa4 ,indian ,fabrics1 #dh1 note4 ,indian ,fabrics1 ,mr4 ,r$grave on1 #aae1 #aaf4 ,indian ,metal-"w1 #adb4 ,indian ,"w 9 reg>d to ,col\r+1 #dg4 ,inlay+ z a means ( ,enri*+ ,works ( ,furniture1 #fc4 ,iri% ,crosses1 ,num]\s ,ornam5ts on1 #be4 ,iron1 z an ,art-mat]ial1 #adb4 ,iron1 h[ ,wr\ght1 #adg4 ,iron1 ,metals t may be ,associat$ )1 #aea4 ,iron-ca/+s ( ,b]l91 #acf4 ,iron-"w1 ,ornam5tal1 #adg1 et seq42 mu/ ,manife/ a ,true ,con/ructive ,pr9ciple1 #adh2 ,col\r+ (1 #aeb4 ,italian ,metal-"w1 #adb4 ,japan1 ,det]ioration 9 ! ,art-works (1 #afa4 ,japanese ,art1 #aa4 ,japanese ,col\r+1 #dh4 ,japanese ,e>!nw>e1 #abj4 ,japanese ,enamels1 #adb1 #adc4 ,japanese ,metal-"w1 #adb4 ,jewels 9 ,metal-"w1 #adc4 ,joi/s 9 ,ceil+s1 h[ !y %\ld be ,treat$1 #gi4 ,lab\r ,necess>y to ,success 9 ,art1 #d1 #ca4 ,libr>y1 ,decoration = a1 #ae4 ,lotus 9 ,egyptian ,design1 #e1 #f4 ,m>ble ,imitat$1 ,object$ to1 #hi4 ,m$iaeval ,metal-work]s1 #add1 #ade4 ,m5tal ,effects produc$ by ,decorative ,=ms1 #ad4 ,moori% ,ornam5t1 #aa4 ,musl91 ,patt]ns on1 #ajg4 ,natural ,=ms 9 ,c>pet ,patt]ns1 #if1 #ig1 #ih4 ,niello-"w appli$ to ,metals1 #adc4 ,norman ,ar*itecture1 #aa4 ,novelty ,want$ 9 ,c>pet ,patt]ns1 #aje4 ,oil-col\r ,flatt$ = ,wall ,decoration1 #hc4 ,ord]1 a ,pr9ciple 9 ,ornam5t1 #bc4 ,ormolu ,ornam5ts1 #fd4 ,ornam5t & ,ar*itecture ,insep>able1 #ac4 ,pap]$ ,walls4 ,see ,wall ,pap]s4 ,papyrus 9 ,egyptian ,ar*itecture1 #h4 ,p]sian ,ornam5t1 #aa4 ,picture ,frames1 #gb4 ,pigm5ts4 ,see ,col\r4 ,plants z ,ornam5ts1 ,h[ to ,treat1 #bd4 ,plaques ( ,/one or ,e>!nw>e appli$ to ,works ( ,furniture1 #fc1 #fd4 ,pott]y1 ,art 91 #aag1 et seq4 ,p[] an ,art-pr9ciple1 #ag4 ,preci\s ,mat]ials 9 ! ,=m ( ,art-works1 #aag1 #aah4 ,preface1 v41 vi4 ,pret5ce 9 ,art-decoration1 #aeg-aei4 ,proportion mu/ be ,subtle1 #bc4 ,purpose1 ,adaptation to1 ,taught by ,plants1 #ba4 ,r5aissance ,ornam5t1 #ac4 ,repetition ( ,p>ts 9 ,ornam5t1 #bc4 ,roman ,ornam5t1 #aa4 ,%ams 9 ,decoration1 #hi4 ,silk1 ,patt]ns on1 #ajg4 ,silk ,wall ,damasks1 #aad4 ,silv]smi?s' ,"w1 #ace1 et seq4 ,skidmore1 ,mr41 & 8 ,!ory ( ,col\r+ ,metals1 #aeb4 ,s(a-cov]+s1 #gj1 #gb4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 #dh1 note4 ,sp\ts ( ,vessels1 #aci1 et seq4 ,/ools1 #ec4 ,/udy ( ,art-decoration1 h[ x %\ld be c>ri$ on1 #ad1 #afj1 #afa1 #afb4 ,/yles ( ,ar*itecture1 #gc4 ,sug>-bas91 its ,=m1 #ach4 ,surface ,decoration1 #gc1 et seq4 ,symbols 9 ,*ri/ian ,art1 #ab4 ,table-cov]s1 ,! ,bord]s (1 #aji1 #aaa4 ,ta/e ( ! ,un$ucat$1 #ae4 ,tr9ity1 ,symbols ( !1 9 ,go?ic ,art1 #ab4 ,tru? an ,art-pr9ciple1 #ae1 #af1 #hi1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,utility mu/ ,gov]n ! ,production & ,application ( ,ornam5t1 #ag-bb1 #ade4 ,utility 9 ,ar*itecture1 #bj4 ,utility ,pr(essor ,george ,wilson on1 #ai1 #bj4 ,utility ,v>i\s ,writ]s on1 #bj4 ,vehicles = ,art1 ,! ,be/1 ! lea/ ,co/ly1 #c4 ,v5e]+1 #fi4 ,v5etian ,glass1 #acj1 #aca4 ,vessels1 ,primitive1 #abj4 ,wall ,decorations1 #hc1 et seq4 ,wall ,pap]s1 #hg1 #ij1 et seq4 ,walls %\ld be ,unobtrusive1 #ij4 ,wat]-vessels1 ,egyptian & ,greek1 #aba-abd4 ,:ite a ,neutral 9 ,decorative ,"w1 #de4 ,w9d[-hang+s1 #fi1 #gj1 #ajh4 ,w9d[s1 #fi1 #gj2 ! ,object (1 #aec2 h[ !y %\ld be ,treat$1 #aec4 ,w9e-bottles1 ,=ms (1 #abh4 ,w+$ ,globe1 9 ,egyptian ,design1 #g4 ,woods & _! ,relative ,/r5g?1 #ea4 ,workm52 _! ,/udy ( ,decorative ,laws1 #a4 ,advice to1 #afd4 ,wr\ght-iron1 its ,qualities1 #adg1 #adh4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp91 ,,belle ,,sauvage ,,works1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,manuals ,,( ,,te*nology4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,ayrton1 ,f4,r4,s4 7,f9sbury ,te*nical ,college1 ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute71 ,,& ,,ri*>d ,,wormell1 ,d4,sc41 ,m4,a4 ,dur+ ! la/ two ye>s a v great impetus has be5 giv5 to ! advancem5t ( ,te*nical ,education1 s t at ! pres5t "t !re is a widespread dem& on ! "p ( te*nical /ud5ts = text-books4 ,! object ( ?is s]ies is to meet ?is dem& by furni%+ books :i* describe ! application ( sci5ce to indu/ry1 :i* translate ! language & results ( sci5ce into ! language ( ! work%op1 & w ?us br+ to ! b5efit ( ! ,engli% ,indu/ries ! workman's acqua9tance ) ! sci5tific pr9ciples :i* und]lie 8 daily "w4 ,^! manuals ( ,te*nology are n int5d$ to tea* pure sci5ce4 ,nor are !y int5d$ to enable ! read] to disp5se ) le>n+1 by actual practice 9 ! work%op1 ! h&icraft ( ! v>i\s trades4 ,!y w =m a l9k betwe5 ^! two designs4 ,!y w give ! read] an intellig5t grasp ( ! complicat$ ma*9]y ( ! factory4 ,!y are design$ to make workm5 ?9k]s1 & n m]ely human tools4 ,no special k ( ma!matics or ( sci5ce is necess>y to ! /ud5t ( ?is s]ies1 b x is expect$ t he w h be5 obs]vant ( ! processes c>ri$ on 9 8 work%op1 :i* w be "h sci5tifically expla9$4 ,! subjects w be treat$ analytically r ?an syn!tically2 t is to say1 ! ma*9e1 z ! workman kn[s x1 w be tak5 z a :ole & analys$1 & special c>e w be tak5 to avoid ! me?od too common 9 sci5tific books1 accord+ to :i* a numb] ( ab/ract pr9ciples are fir/ develop$1 :ile _! practical application is def]r$ to ! end ( ! book1 :i*1 probably1 ! practical man nev] rea*es4 ,z text-books = ! l>ge & increas+ numb] ( c&idates at ! ,te*nological ,exam9ations ( ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute1 ) :i* _m ( ! au?ors are connect$1 ^! ,manuals ( ,te*nology w be especially valuable4 ,an au?or 9 ea* case has be5 select$ :o 0 able to comprise a well-gr\nd$ sci5tific k ) a practical famili>ity ) ! m9ute details ( ! trade treat$ ( 9 8 book4 ,consequ5tly1 :ile ! late/ & mo/ approv$ processes ( manufacture w be f\nd describ$1 ! exact sci5tific reasons = ! sup]iority ( ^! mod]n me?ods ov] ! old] ones w be giv5 9 full1 z well z su* indications z sci5ce w\ld sugge/ = improv+ ! pres5t processes4 ,! foll[+ books are already 9 prep>ation1 & o!rs w be add$3-- ,,electric ,,light+ ,,& ,,transmission ,,( ,,p[] ,pr(essor ,ayrton1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,appli$ ,,me*anics ,pr(essor ,p]ry1 ,m4,e4 ,,cutt+ ,,tools ,,work$ ,,by ,,h& ,,& ,,ma*9e ,pr(essor ,smi?4 ,,iron ,,& ,,/eel ,w4 ,h4 ,gre5wood1 ,esq4 ,,fluid ,,motors ,pr(essor ,p]ry1 ,m4,e4 ,,*emi/ry ,dr4 ,arm/rong1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,flax ,,sp9n+ ,d4 ,s4 ,?omson1 ,esq4 ,,wat* ,,& ,,clock ,,mak+ ,d4 ,glasg[1 ,esq4 ,! num]\s ,illu/rations to ^! books w be pictures ( ! actual ma*9es z !y exi/ 9 ! be/ factories1 & w n be m]ely conv5tional repres5tations convey+ b little intellig5ce to ! practical man4 ,! aim ?r\gh\t has be5 to prep>e books t %all appeal at once to ! workman4 ,_! prep>ation has be5 entru/$ to writ]s :o "k :at ! workman's difficulties are1 :at in=mation he ne$s to help him 9 8 trade1 & ?is is pres5t$ 9 su* a =m t ! read] may be attract$ by a desire to le>n ! ,:y & ,:]e=e1 in/ead ( be+ repell$ by ! suppos$ difficulties ( sci5ce4 ,p4,t4,o4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co41 ,,ludgate ,,hill1 ,,london4 ,,manuals ,,( ,,te*nology1 ,,n[ ,,ready4 ,appli$ ,me*anics4--,by ,pr(4 ,,john ,,p]ry1 ,m4,e4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,illu/ration ,cutt+ ,tools ,work$ by ,h& & ,ma*9e4--,by ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,i4,m4,e42 ,assoc4 ,m4,i4,c4,e42 ,pr(essor ( ,eng9e]+ 9 ! ,mason ,sci5ce ,college1 ,birm+ham2 =m]ly ,pr(essor ( ,eng9e]+ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 ,japan4 ,) num]\s ,practical ,draw+s4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,illu/ration 7,= full p>ticul>s ( ?is ,s]ies1 see prec$+ ,page47 ,int]m$iate ,text-,book ( ,physical ,sci5ce4--,by ,f4 ,h4 ,,b[man1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,l4,s42 ,fell[ ( ! ,geological1 ,*emical1 & ,royal ,microscopical ,societies2 ,/raton ,prizeman & ,gold ,m$alli/ 9 ,te*nology1 ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,illu/rat$4 ,extra fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,?is "w is ! outcome ( a spee* deliv]$ at ,liv]pool by ,pr(essor ,huxley1 :o repres5t$ ! s]i\s want felt by /ud5ts at night-classes = a g5]al introduction to sci5ce suit$ to _! ne$s4 ,x w occupy1 z ,pr(essor ,huxley sugge/$1 an int]m$iate position betwe5 ! elem5t>y text-books = use 9 s*ools1 & ^? :i* are suit$ = colleges & univ]sities4 ,n only w x be specially suitable = ! sci5ce classes connect$ ) ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 ,"y ,m5's ,associations1 ,int]m$iate ,s*ools & ,colleges1 & o!r educational in/itutions1 b = all non-ma!matical /ud5ts :o desire a complete introduction to sci5ce4 ,x embodies ! late/ sci5tific rese>*es1 & conta9s an accurate & philosophical acc\nt ( ! pres5t condition ( ! physical sci5ces 9 all bran*es1 enabl+ its read]s to foll[ ! advance cont9ually be+ made 9 ! application ( sci5ce to ! arts & uses ( e-day life4 ,h&rail+ & ,/aircas+4--,a ,complete ,set ( ,l9es = ,h&rails by ,squ>e-cut ,sy/em1 & ,full ,practical ,in/ructions = mak+ & fix+ ,geometrical ,/aircases4 ,by ,,frank ,o4 ,,creswell1 ( ! ,liv]pool ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce2 ,m$alli/ = ,geometry4 ,) upw>ds ( ,"o ,hundr$ ,work+ ,draw+s4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! high prices at :i* works on ?is subject h be5 hi!rto publi%$ h plac$ !m q beyond ! rea* ( ord9>y workm54 ,by means ( ?is book1 h[ev]1 me*anics w n[ h )9 _! rea* ! be/ practical tea*+ at a co/ t w all[ all to possess !mselves ( x4 ,,selections ,,f ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4's ,,publications4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,& ,,f9e ,,art ,,works4 ,! ,magaz9e ( ,art4 ,volume ,v4 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations by ! fir/ ,arti/s ( ! day4 ,a beautifully-execut$ ,et*+ by ,g4 ,p4 ,,jacomb ,,hood =ms ! ,frontispiece4 ,clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #afs4 ,! price ( ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii4 has be5 increas$--,vol4 ,i4 to #bas41 ,vols4 ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 to #aes4 ea*1 & ,vol4 ,,iv4 to #bas4 ,picturesque ,europe4 ,,popul> ,,edition4 ,vol4 ,i41 ) #ac ,exquisite ,/eel ,plates1 & ab\t #bjj ,orig9al ,engrav+s by ! be/ ,arti/s4 ,clo? gilt1 #ahs4 ,n4,b4--,! ,orig9al ,edition1 9 ,five ,magnific5t ,volumes1 royal #dto size1 c /ill be obta9$1 price ,l#b #bs4 ea*4 ,picturesque ,am]ica4 ,vol4 ,i41 ) #ab ,exquisite ,/eel ,plates & ab\t #bjj ,orig9al ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,l#b #bs4 ,! ,royal ,%aksp]e4 ,a ,h&some ,f9e ,art ,edition ( ! ,poet's ,works4 ,vol4 ,i4 conta9s #aa ,exquisite ,/eel ,plates1 & ,?ree ,full-page ,wood ,engrav+s1 by ,,frank ,,dicksee1 ,a4,r4,a41 ,j4 ,d4 ,,watson1 ,,val ,,bromley1 ,c4 ,,gre51 ,j4 ,,mcl4 ,,ral/on1 & o!r ,arti/s4 ,! ,text is t ( ,pr(4 ,,delius1 & ! ,"w conta9s ,mr4 ,,furnivall's ,life ( ,%aksp]e4 ,price #aes4 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,illu/rat$ ) #ej full-page draw+s by ,,gu/ave ,,dore4 ,) ,notes & a ,life ( ,milton by ! late ,rev4 ,,rob]t ,,vaughan1 ,d4,d4 ,new ,edition1 clo? gilt1 #bas4 ,! ,*ang+ ,ye>4 ,be+ ,poems & ,pictures ( ,life & ,nature4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,"* ,sket*es f ,dick5s4 ,six ,l>ge ,draw+s by ,,fr$ ,,b>n>d ( ,sidney ,c>ton1 ,mr4 ,pickwick1 ,alfr$ ,j+le1 ,little ,dorrit1 ,mrs4 ,gamp1 & ,bill ,sikes4 ,9 ,portfolio1 imp]ial #dto1 #es4 ! set4 ,morocco3 its ,p & its ,places4 ,by ,,edmondo ,,de ,,amicis1 translat$ by ,c4 ,,roll9 ,,tilton4 ,clo? gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,complete 9 ,f\r ,vols41 ea* conta9+ #bj life-l ,portraits1 9 ,col\rs1 ) accompany+ ,memoirs4 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,int]national ,portrait ,gall]y4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 ea* conta9+ #bj life-l ,portraits 9 ,col\rs1 ) ,memoirs4 ,clo? gilt1 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,longfell['s ,poetical ,works4 ,f9e-,art ,edition4 ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t ) ,orig9al ,engrav+s4 ,l#c #cs4 ,illu/rat$ ,briti% ,ballads4 ,) sev]al ,hundr$ ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 #bas4 ,european ,f]ns4 ,_! ,=m1 ,habit1 & ,culture4 ,by ,,james ,,britt51 ,f4,l4,s4 ,) #cj ,fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates1 pa9t$ f ,nature by ,d4 ,,blair1 ,f4,l4,s4 #bas4 ,pictures ( ,bird ,life 9 ,p5 & ,p5cil4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,m4 ,g4 ,,watk9s4 ,) ,illu/rations1 #bas4 ,! ,great ,pa9t]s ( ,*ri/5dom1 f ,cimabue to ,wilkie4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,by ,j4 ,,=bes-,,rob]tson4 ,illu/rat$1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #bas4 ,famili> ,g>d5 ,fl[]s4 ,,fir/ & ,,second ,,s]ies4 ,by ,,%irley ,,hibb]d4 ,) #dj ,full-page ,col\r$ ,plates by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a41 9 ea*4 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,famili> ,wild ,fl[]s4 ,,fir/1 ,,second1 & ,,?ird ,,s]ies4 ,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,hulme1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,) #dj ,full-page ,col\r$ ,plates 9 ea*4 ,clo? gilt1 #abs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,paxton's ,fl[] ,g>d54 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,) ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,price #bas4 ,poems & ,pictures4 ,) ab\t #ajj highly-f9i%$ ,engrav+s4 ,h&somely b\nd 9 clo?1 price #es4 ,! ,_w ( ,wond]s4 ,) #acj ,illu/rations4 #dto1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,_w ( ,wit & ,hum\r4 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo?1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,aesop's ,fables4 ,) ab\t #aej ,orig9al ,illu/rations by ,,erne/ ,,griset4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 clo?1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4 ,evangel9e4 ,edition de ,luxe4 ,) ,magnific5t ,orig9al ,illu/rations by ,,frank ,,dicks]1 ,a4,r4,a41 beautifully reproduc$ 9 ,photogravure by ,messrs4 ,g\pil ( ,p>is4 ,! ,"w is pr9t$ on ,:atman's h&-made pap]1 size #af-a_/b 94 by #ab-a_/d 941 ! ,wood ,engrav+s be+ on real ,*9a pap]4 ,fur!r p>ticul>s1 ) price1 c41 may be obta9$ ( any ,booksell]4 ,egypt3 ,descriptive1 ,hi/orical1 & ,picturesque4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,,eb]s4 ,translat$ by ,,cl>a ,,bell1 ) ,notes by ,,samuel ,,bir*1 ,,ll4,d4 ,illu/rat$ ) ab\t #hjj ,magnific5t ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,complete 9 ,two ,volumes4 ,clo? gilt1 bevell$ bo>ds1 gilt edges4 ,vol4 ,i41 #des42 ,vol4 ,,ii41 ,l#b #abs4 #f;d4 ,l&scape ,pa9t+ 9 ,oils1 ,a ,c\rse ( ,lessons 94 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,,grace1 ,turn] ,m$alli/1 ,royal ,academy4 ,) ,n9e ,reproductions 9 ,col\r1 & num]\s examples engrav$ on ,wood f well-kn[n pictures1 #dbs4 ,sket*+ f ,nature 9 ,wat]-,col\rs4 ,by ,,a>on ,,p5ley4 ,) ,illu/rations 9 ,*romo-,li?ography aft] ,orig9al ,wat]-,col\r ,draw+s4 ,sup] royal #dto1 clo?1 #aes4 ,figure ,pa9t+ 9 ,wat]-,col\rs4 ,) #af ,col\r$ ,plates f ,orig9al ,designs by ,,blan*e ,,mac>?ur & ,,j5nie ,,moore4 ,cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,fl[] ,pa9t+ 9 ,wat]-,col\rs4 ,) #bj ,fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates by ,f4 ,e4 ,,holme1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) ,in/ructions by ! ,arti/4 ,clo? gilt1 #es4 ,old & ,new ,ed9burgh1 ,cassell's4 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 n[ ready1 ) ne>ly #bjj ,orig9al ,illu/rations 9 ea*4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,our ,own ,c\ntry4 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 ,,iv41 & ,v41 ) upw>ds ( #bjj ,orig9al ,illu/rations & ,/eel ,frontispiece 9 ea*4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,c\ntries ( ! ,_w4 ,by ,dr4 ,,rob]t ,,br[n1 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,complete 9 ,six ,vols41 ) ab\t #gej ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,libr>y b9d+1 #c vols41 #cgs4 #f;d4 ,h]oes ( ,brita9 9 ,peace & ,w>4 ,complete 9 ,two ,vols41 ) ab\t #cjj ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 #dto1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,libr>y b9d+1 two vols4 9 "o1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,! ,sea3 ,its ,/irr+ ,/ory ( ,adv5ture1 ,p]il1 & ,h]oism4 ,by ,f4 ,,:ymp]4 ,) #djj ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,f\r ,vols4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,libr>y b9d+1 two vols41 #bes4 ,great ,indu/ries ( ,great ,brita94 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,vols4 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,libr>y b9d+ 7?ree vols4 9 "o71 #aes4 ,! ,leopold ,%aksp]e4 ,f ! ,text ( ,pr(essor ,,delius1 ) ,edw>d ,,iii4 & ,! ,two ,noble ,k9sm51 & an ,introduction by ,f4 ,j4 ,,furnivall1 ,f\nd] & ,director ( ! ,new ,%aksp]e ,society4 ,) ab\t #djj ,illu/rations4 ,*eap ,edition1 clo?1 price #fs41 clo? gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,c also be _h 9 morocco suitable = pres5tation4 ,cassell's ,qu>to ,%akespe>e4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les & ,,m>y ,,c[d5 ,,cl>ke1 & conta9+ ab\t #fjj ,illu/rations by ,h4 ,c4 ,,sel\s4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,vols1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 ,l#c #cs42 morocco1 ,l#f #fs4 ,also ,?ree sep>ate ,vols41 9 clo?1 viz41 ,,com$ies1 ,l#a #as42 ,,hi/orical ,,plays1 #ahs4 #f;d42 ,,trag$ies1 ,l#a #es4 ,! ,dore ,f9e-,art ,volumes3-- ,! ,dore ,gall]y4 ,l#e #es4 ,! ,dore ,scripture ,gall]y ( ,illu/rations4 ,two ,vols4 ,l#e #ajs4 ,! ,dore ,bible4 ,two ,vols41 morocco1 ,l#d #ds4 ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,popul> ,edition1 #bas4 ,dante's ,inf]no4 ,l#b #ajs4 ,dante's ,purgatorio & ,p>adiso4 ,l#b #ajs4 ,la ,fonta9e's ,fables4 ,l#a #ajs4 ,don ,quixote4 #aes4 ,adv5tures ( ,mun*aus54 #es4 ,fairy ,tales ,told ,aga94 #es4 ,,london1 ,,p>is ,,new ,,york4 ,,selections ,,f ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4',s ,,publications4 ,,biography1 ,,travels1 ,,hi/ory1 ,,lit]ature1 c4 ,weal? ,creation4 ,by ,,augu/us ,,mongr$i54 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 price #es4 ,a ,trip to ,india4 ,by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,baxt]1 ,m4,p4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,a ,hi/orical ,biography1 by ,j4 ,,allanson ,,picton4 ,) ,/eel ,portrait4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,! ,life ( ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one4 ,by ,g4 ,,b>nett ,,smi?4 ,*eap ,edition4 ,) ,portraits1 #es4 ,engl&3 its ,p1 ,polity1 & ,pursuits4 ,by ,t4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,escott4 ,*eap ,edition1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,burnaby's ,ride to ,khiva4 ,new & ,*eap ,edition1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,p's ,edition1 #f;d4 ,con/itutional ,hi/ory & ,political ,developm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ,,simon ,,/]ne1 ( ! ,new ,york ,b>4 #es4 ,russia4 ,by ,d4 ,,mack5zie ,,wallace1 ,m4,a4 ,*eap ,edition1 9 ,"o ,vol41 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,rule ( ! ,monk4 ,by ,g5]al ,,g>ibaldi4 ,p's ,edition1 #f;d4 ,david ,cox1 a ,biography (4 ,by ! late ,,william ,,hall4 ,edit$ by ,,john ,,?ackray ,,bunce4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,wood ,magic3 a ,fable4 ,by ,r4 ,,jeff]ies1 ,au?or ( ,! ,gamekeep] at ,home1 c4 ,*eap ,edition1 ,"o ,vol41 #fs4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,ye>4 ,a ,complete ,n>rative ( ! ,ev5ts ( ! ,pa/ ,ye>4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,mod]n ,europe4 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,,fyffe1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,demy #hvo1 #abs4 ea*4 ,peoples ( ! ,_w4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,by ,dr4 ,,rob]t ,,br[n4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,engli% & ,iri% ,l& ,que/ions4 ,collect$ ,essays by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,g4 ,,%aw-,,lefevre1 ,m4 ,p4 #fs4 ,local ,gov]nm5t & ,taxation 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,,probyn4 ,price #es4 ,engli% ,l& & ,engli% ,l&lords4 ,by ! ,hon4 ,,george ,,brodrick4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,cassell's ,hi/ory ( !4 ,by ,,edmund ,,olli]4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,vols42 conta9+ #fjj ,illu/rations & ,maps4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 ,l#a #gs4 ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 ,cassell's ,illu/rat$4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$1 #egf pp41 #dto1 price #is4 ,glean+s f ,popul> ,au?ors4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,) ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,price #is4 ,engl&1 ,cassell's ,hi/ory (1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,p]iod to ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,) ab\t #b1jjj ,illu/rations4 ,po/ #dto1 #e1ejj pp4 ,n9e ,vols41 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,prov]bial ,philosophy1 ,illu/rat$ ,edition (4 ,by ,,m>t9 ,f4 ,,tupp]4 ,illu/rat$1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,encyclopa$ic ,diction>y4 ,a ,new & ,orig9al ,"w ( ,ref]5ce to all ! ,words 9 ! ,engli% ,language1 ) a ,full ,acc\nt ( _! ,orig91 ,mean+1 ,pronunciation1 & ,use4 ,by ,,rob]t ,,hunt]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,g4,s41 c4 ,?ree divisional ,vols4 n[ ready1 price #ajs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,sci5ce = ,all4 ,edit$ by ,dr4 ,,rob]t ,,br[n1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 c4 ,complete 9 #e ,vols41 ea* conta9+ ab\t #cej ,illu/rations & ,diagrams4 #dto1 clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,me*anics1 ,! ,practical ,diction>y (4 ,conta9+ #ae1jjj ,draw+s ( ,ma*9]y1 ,in/rum5ts1 & ,tools1 ) ,compreh5sive & ,,te*nical ,,description ( e subject4 ,?ree ,vols41 sup]-royal #hvo1 clo?1 ,l#c #cs42 half-morocco1 ,l#c #aes4 ,libr>y ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 ,select$1 ,edit$1 & ,arrang$ by ,pr(4 ,,h5ry ,,morley4 ,) ,illu/rations tak5 f ,orig9al ,,mss4 ,ea* ,vol4 complete 9 itself4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,%ort] ,,engli% ,,poems4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,engli% ,,religion4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,engli% ,,plays4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,%ort] ,,works ,,9 ,,engli% ,,prose4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,vol4 ,v4 ,,long] ,,works ,,9 ,,engli% ,,v]se ,,& ,,prose4 #aas4 #f;d4 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,diction>y (4 ,be+ a ,compreh5sive ,guide to ,engli% ,au?ors & _! ,works4 ,by ,w4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 ,new & ,*eap ,edition1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,phrase & ,fable1 ,diction>y (2 giv+ ! ,d]ivation1 ,s\rce1 or ,orig9 ( ,common ,phrases1 ,allusions1 & ,words t h a ,tale to ,tell4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,brew]4 ,enl>g$ ,edition1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,old & ,new ,london4 ,complete 9 ,six ,vols41 ) ab\t #a1bjj ,engrav+s1 #is4 ea*4 ,vols4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 are by ,,walt] ,,?ornbury1 ! o!r ,vols4 are by ,,edw>d ,,wal=d4 ,cities ( ! ,_w4 ,vol4 ,i41 ,illu/rat$1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,) ,eighty-eight ,engrav+s by ,,mort54 ,*eap ,edition1 cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #es4 ,prote/antism1 ,! ,hi/ory (4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,wylie1 ,,ll4,d4 ,) upw>ds ( #fjj ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,complete 9 ,?ree ,vols4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 clo?1 ,l#a #gs4 ,! ,family ,physician4 ,a ,manual ( ,dome/ic ,m$ic9e4 ,by ,,physicians & ,,surgeons ( ! ,pr9cipal ,london ,hospitals4 ,new & ,enl>g$ ,edition1 #a1jhh pages1 royal #hvo1 #bas4 ,h\sehold ,guide1 ,cassell's4 ,,revis$ ,,edition4 ,a ,guide to ,e ,dep>tm5t ( ,practical ,life4 ,) ,col\r$ ,plates & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,f\r ,vols41 clo? gilt1 #fs4 ea*4 ,dome/ic ,diction>y1 ,cassell's4 ,an ,encyclopa$ia = ! ,h\sehold4 ,*eap ,edition1 #a1bhj pages1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,diction>y ( ,cook]y4 ,! ,l>ge/1 ,*eape/1 & ,be/ ,cook]y ,book ev] publi%$4 ,*eap ,edition1 #a1bhj pages1 royal #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,ye>'s ,cook]y4 ,giv+ ,di%es = ,breakfa/1 ,lun*eon1 & ,d9n] = ,e ,day 9 ! ,ye>4 ,by ,,phillis ,,br[ne4 ,*eap ,edition1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*oice ,di%es at ,small ,co/4 ,conta9+ ,practical ,directions to success 9 ,cook]y1 & ,orig9al ,recipes = appetis+ & economical di%es4 ,by ,a4 ,g4 ,,payne4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,european ,butt]flies & ,mo?s4 ,by ,w4 ,f4 ,,kirby4 ,) upw>ds ( #fj ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,demy #dto1 clo? gilt1 #ces4 ,animal ,life ,describ$ & ,illu/rat$4 ,by ,pr(4 ,e4 ,,p]ceval ,,wright1 ,m4,d4 ,*eap ,edition1 #gs4 #e;d4 ,new ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,cassell's4 ,edit$ by ,pr(4 ,p4 ,,m>t9 ,,duncan1 ,m4,b41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,complete 9 #f ,vols4 ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t4 ,clo?1 #is4 ea*4 ,field ,naturali/'s ,h&book4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,wood & ,,!odore ,,wood4 ,demy #hvo1 clo?1 price #es4 ,mammalia4 ,adapt$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,,l\is ,,figui]1 by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,,p]ceval ,,wright1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,) upw>ds ( #bfj illu/rations4 ,extra cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,trans=mations ( ,insects1 ,!4 ,by ,pr(4 ,p4 ,,m>t9 ,,duncan1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) #bdj ,illu/rations4 #fs4 ,! ,_w ( ! ,sea4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,,m>tyn ,,hatt1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #fs4 ,dairy ,f>m+4 ,by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,p4 ,,%eldon4 ,) ,col\r$ ,plates & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 #cas4 #f;d4 ,illu/rat$ ,book ( ! ,dog4 ,by ,,v]o ,,%aw1 ,b4,a4 ,) #bh ,fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 #ces4 ,! ,book ( ! ,horse4 ,by ,,samuel ,,sidney4 ,) #be fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,can>ies & ,cage ,birds1 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,book (4 ,) #ef fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 #ces4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,book ( ,p\ltry4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,) #ej ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,engrav+s4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,book ( ,pigeons4 ,by ,r4 ,,felton4 ,edit$ by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,) #ej ,col\r$ ,plates1 & num]\s ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,demy #dto1 clo?1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co43 ,,london1 ,,p>is ,,new ,,york4 ,,selections ,,f ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4',s ,,publications4 ,,bibles1 ,,religi\s ,,works1 c4 ,! ,e>ly ,days ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,canon ,,f>r>1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,two ,vols41 demy #hvo1 #bds4 ,! ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,canon ,,f>r>1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,popul> ,edition1 9 ,"o ,vol41 clo?1 #fs42 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d42 ,p]sian morocco1 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d42 tree calf1 #aes4 ,libr>y ,edition4 ,two ,vols41 clo?1 #bds42 morocco1 ,l#b #bs4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition1 extra cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 #bas42 morocco1 ,l#b #bs4 ,! ,life & ,"w ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,canon ,,f>r>1 ,d4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,two ,vols41 #bds42 morocco1 ,l#b #bs4 ,! ,*ild's ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,complete 9 ,"o ,volume1 ) sev]al hundr$ ,orig9al ,wood ,engrav+s1 extra cr[n #dto1 elegantly b\nd1 price #bas4 ,an ,old ,te/am5t ,comm5t>y = ,engli% ,read]s4 ,by v>i\s ,writ]s4 ,edit$ by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ellicott1 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/] & ,bri/ol4 ,vol4 ,i41 price #bas41 conta9s ! ,,p5tateu*4 ,new ,te/am5t ,comm5t>y = ,engli% ,read]s4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,j4 ,,ellicott1 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/] & ,bri/ol4 ,9 ,?ree ,volumes1 #bas4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4 conta9s ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 conta9s ! ,acts1 ,romans1 ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 conta9s ! ,rema9+ ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,rob]ts's ,holy ,l&4 ,,divisions ,i4 & ,,ii41 conta9+ #db ,t9t$ ,plates 9 ea*4 ,gilt edges1 #ahs4 ea*4 ,a ,comm5t>y on ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t = ,engli% ,read]s4 ,by ,,preb5d>y ,,humphry1 ,b4,d41 ,memb] ( ! ,company ( ,revis]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,! ,half-,gu9ea ,illu/rat$ ,bible4 ,conta9+ #ijj ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #dto1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,cassell's ,illu/rat$ ,bible4 ,) #ijj ,illu/rations4 ,royal #dto1 ,p]sian morocco1 ) ,col\r$ ,maps1 #bas4 ,! ,*ild's ,bible4 ,) #bbj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #dto1 clo? gilt1 ,l#a #as42 lea!r1 #cjs4 ,! ,dore ,bible4 ,) #bbj ,illu/rations by ,,gu/ave ,,dore4 ,two ,vols41 morocco1 ,l#d #ds42 be/ morocco1 ,l#f #fs4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,bible4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,m\lton1 ,d4,d4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,/4 ,george = ,engl&4 ,s]mons = ,*ildr51 by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,teignm\? ,,%ore1 ,m4,a4 ,gilt edges1 #es4 ,"s ,difficulties ( ,belief4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,teignm\? ,,%ore1 ,m4,a4 ,*eap ,edition4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 ,sunday ,mus+s4 ,a ,selection ( ,read+s--,biblical1 ,devotional1 & ,descriptive4 ,illu/rat$1 #hcb pp41 #bas4 ,quiv]1 ,!4 ,illu/rat$ ,religi\s ,magaz9e4 ,publi%$ 9 ,ye>ly ,volumes1 #gs4 #f;d42 also 9 ,mon?ly ,p>ts1 #f;d4 ,! ,*ur* at ,home4 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,,r[ley ,,hill1 ,d4,d41 ,bi%op ( ,sodor & ,man4 ,roan gilt1 #es4 ,new ,te/am5t1 ,companion to ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ! ,engli%4 ,by ,,alex&] ,,rob]ts1 ,d4,d4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,wald5ses4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,a4 ,,wylie1 ,,ll4,d4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,keble's ,*ri/ian ,ye>4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,extra cr[n #dto1 #gs4 #f;d42 gilt edges1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! ,bible ,educator4 ,edit$ by ! ,v ,rev4 ,e4 ,h4 ,,plumptre1 ,d4,d41 ,dean ( ,wells4 ,) upw>ds ( #djj ,illu/rations & ,maps4 ,f\r ,vols41 #dto1 clo?1 #fs4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 clo?1 ,l#a #as4 ,! ,music ( ! ,bible4 ,by ,,john ,,/ani]1 ,m4,a4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,life ( ! ,_w to ,come1 & ,o!r ,subjects4 ,by ,rev4 ,t4 ,,teignm\? ,,%ore1 ,m4,a4 #es4 ,sacr$ ,poems1 ,! ,book (4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,,canon ,,baynes1 ,m4,a4 ,) ab\t #bjj ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #es4 ,%ort5$ ,*ur* ,s]vices1 & ,hymns4 ,compil$ by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,,teignm\? ,,%ore4 ,price #as4 ,! ,patri>*s4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,hanna1 ,d4,d41 & ! ,rev4 ,,canon ,,norris1 ,b4,d4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,mission ,life 9 ,greece & ,pale/9e4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,emma ,,raymond ,,pitman4 ,illu/rat$4 #es4 ,h]o9es ( ! ,mission ,field4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,emma ,,raymond ,,pitman4 ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t4 #es4 ,,miscellane\s ,,works4 ,cassell's ,family ,magaz9e4 ,a ,high-class ,illu/rat$ ,family ,magaz9e4 ,publi%$ 9 ,ye>ly ,vols41 #is4 ,civil ,s]vice1 ,guide to ,employm5t 9 !4 ,new ,edition1 ,revis$ & greatly ,enl>g$4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,d+y ,h\se at ,k5s+ton1 ,!4 ,) ,f\r ,full-page ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,decorative ,design1 ,pr9ciples (4 ,by ,,*ri/oph] ,,dress]1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,l4,s41 c4 ,) ,two ,col\r$ ,plates & num]\s ,designs & ,diagrams4 #es4 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,! ,/ory (4 ,by ,,anna ,,buckl&4 #chd pages4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt top1 #es4 ,etiquette ( ,good ,society4 ,*eap ,edition4 ,bo>ds1 #as42 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,figui]'s ,popul> ,sci5tific ,works4 ,! ,text revis$ & correct$ by em95t ,engli% au?orities1 ) sev]al hundr$ ,illu/rations 9 ea*4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,human ,race4 ,! ,_w ,be=e ! ,deluge4 ,! ,ocean ,_w4 ,! ,vegetable ,_w4 ,reptiles & ,birds4 ,! ,insect ,_w4 ,h&rail+ & ,/aircas+4 ,by ,,frank ,o4 ,,creswell4 ,) upw>ds ( #ajj ,work+ ,draw+s4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,9-door ,amusem5ts1 ,c>d ,games1 & ,fireside ,fun1 ,cassell's ,book (4 ,illu/rat$4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,jane ,au/5 & h] ,works4 ,by ,,s>ah ,,tytl]4 ,) ,/eel ,portrait & ,/eel ,title4 #es4 ,k5nel ,guide1 ,! ,practical4 ,by ,dr4 ,,gordon ,,/ables4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #aib pages1 cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,l&$ ,int]e/ & ! ,supply ( ,food4 ,by ,sir ,,james ,,caird1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,enl>g$ ,edition1 #es4 ,! ,microscope1 & "s ( ! ,wond]s x ,reveals4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,,h\ghton1 ,m4,a4 #as4 ,nurs+ = ! ,home & = ! ,hospital4 ,by ,,ca!r9e ,j4 ,,wood4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,pigeon ,keep]1 ,! ,practical4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations1 c4 ,clo? gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,police ,code & ,manual ( ! ,crim9al ,law4 ,by ,c4 ,e4 ,,h[>d ,,v9c5t1 ,director ( ,crim9al ,inve/igations4 ,clo?1 price #fs4 ,abridg$ ,edition4 ,) an ,address to ,con/ables1 by ,mr4 ,,ju/ice ,,hawk9s4 #bs4 ,p\ltry ,keep]1 ,! ,practical4 ,by ,l4 ,,wright4 ,) ,pla9 ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 or ) ,col\r$ ,plates1 #es4 ,rabbit ,keep]1 ,! ,practical4 ,by ,,cuniculus4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,sports & ,pa/imes1 ,cassell's ,book (4 ,) m ?an #hjj ,illu/rations1 & ,col\r$ ,frontispiece4 #gfh pages1 l>ge cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,peggy1 & o!r ,tales4 ,by ,,flor5ce ,,montgom]y4 ,*eap ,edition4 ,price #bs4 ,! ,magic ,fl[]-,pot1 & o!r ,/ories4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,g>rett4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo? gilt1 #bs4 ,! ,/eam-,eng9e1 ,! ,!ory & ,action (4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,nor?cott1 ,c4,e4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,quiv] ,,libr>y4 ,all ,illu/rat$ & b\nd 9 clo? gilt4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ea*1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,my ,gu>dian4 ,s*ool ,girls4 ,by ,,annie ,,c>ey4 ,deepdale ,vic>age4 ,! ,family ,hon\r4 ,9 ,duty ,b\nd4 ,! ,half ,si/]s4 ,peggy ,oglivie's ,inh]itance4 ,work+ to ,w94 ,e/h] ,we/4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co43 ,,london1 ,,p>is ,,new ,,york4 ,,educational ,,works4 ,int]m$iate ,text-,book ( ,physical ,sci5ce4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,,b[man1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,engli% ,lit]ature1 ,a ,fir/ ,sket* (4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,h5ry ,,morley4 ,new & ,*eap ,edition1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,spell+1 ,a ,complete ,manual (4 ,by ,j4 ,d4 ,,morell1 ,,ll4,d41 ,h4,m4 ,inspector ( ,s*ools4 ,clo?1 #as4 ,decisive ,ev5ts 9 ,hi/ory4 ,by ,,?omas ,,ar*]4 ,) ,sixte5 ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,extra fcap4 #dto1 bo>ds1 #cs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 #es4 ,! ,comm5t>y = ,s*ools4 ,be+ "s sep>ate ,books ( ! ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,comm5t>y ,,= ,,engli% ,,read]s 7,edit$ by ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/] & ,bri/ol71 = ,s*ool & g5]al ,educational purposes4 ,,/4 ,,mat!w1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,/4 ,,m>k1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,/4 ,,luke1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,/4 ,,john1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les1 #cs4 #f;d4 #a ,,cor9?ians1 #bs4 ,%aksp]e ,read+ ,book1 ,!4 ,by ,h4 ,,c\r?ope ,,b[54 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,hi/orical ,read]s1 ,cassell's4 ,= p>ticul>s see ,cassell1 ,pett]1 ,galp9 ,co4's ,educational ,catalogue4 ,geographical ,read]s1 ,new ,s]ies (4 ,see p>ticul>s 9 ,cassell's ,educational ,catalogue4 ,mod]n ,s*ool ,read]s1 ,cassell's4 ,an ,entirely ,new ,s]ies ( ,read]s = ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,= p>ticul>s see ,cassell1 ,pett]1 ,galp9 ,co4's ,educational ,catalogue4 ,little ,folks' ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,by ,,isa ,,craig-,,knox4 ,) ,?irty ,illu/rations4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 ,appli$ ,me*anics1 ,elem5t>y ,lessons 94 ,by ,pr(4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,ball1 ,,ll4,d4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams4 ,clo?1 #bs4 ,euclid1 ,cassell's4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,,wallace1 ,a4,m4 #hvo1 #baf pp41 limp clo?1 #as4 ,popul> ,educator1 ,cassell's4 ,new & ?or\ghly ,revis$ ,edition4 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii4 n[ ready1 price #es4 ea*4 7,to be complet$ 9 ,six ,vols47 ,te*nical ,educator1 ,cassell's4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r ,vols41 clo?4 #fs4 ea*2 or ,two ,vols41 half-calf1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,algebra 7,elem5ts (71 ,cassell's4 ,clo?1 #as4 ,ari?metic1 ,elem5ts (4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,wallace1 ,a4,m4 ,limp clo?1 price #as4 ,key1 #d;d4 ,neutral ,t9t1 ,a ,c\rse ( ,pa9t+ 94 ,) #bd ,plates f ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*4 #dto1 clo?1 #es4 ,wat]-,col\r ,pa9t+1 ,a ,c\rse (4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates1 f ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*4 #es4 ,sepia ,pa9t+1 ,a ,c\rse (4 ,) #bd ,plates f ,designs by ,r4 ,p4 ,,leit*4 #dto1 clo?1 #es4 ,cassell's ,graduat$ ,copy-,books4 ,on sup]ior writ+ pap]4 ,complete 9 #ah ,books1 price #b;d4 ea*4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,fr5* ,gramm>4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,fr5* ,ex]cises4 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,fr5*1 ,cassell's ,lessons 94 ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,consid]ably ,enl>g$4 ,p>ts ,i4 & ,,ii41 clo?1 ea* #bs4 #f;d42 complete1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,key1 #as4 #f;d4 ,fr5*-,engli% & ,engli%-,fr5* ,diction>y1 ,cassell's4 ,entirely ,new & ,revis$ ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d42 or 9 sup]ior b9d+1 ) lea!r back1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh ,g]man ,gramm>4 ,arrang$ & ,compil$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,f4 ,,bright1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,g]man-,engli% & ,engli%-,g]man ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 ,cassell's4 #hfd pages1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lat9-,engli% & ,engli%-,lat9 ,diction>y1 ,cassell's4 #iad pages1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,complete ,li/ ( ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4',s ,educational ,works w be =w>d$ po/ free on application4 ,,books ,,= ,,*ildr5 ,,& ,,"y ,,p4 ,bo-,peep4 ,a ,treasury = ! ,little ,ones4 ,) ,col\r$ ,frontispiece1 & ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t ) ,orig9al ,illu/rations4 ,bo>ds1 #bs4 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,mod]n ,explor]s4 ,by ,,?omas ,,fro/4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #dto1 #agf pages1 clo?1 #es4 ,a ,p>cel ( ,*ildr54 ,by ,,olive ,,pat*4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #dto1 clo? gilt1 gilt edges1 #es4 ,a ,cruise 9 ,*9ese ,wat]s4 ,be+ ! ,log ( ! ,=tuna4 ,by ,capt4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,l9dley4 ,illu/rat$4 #es4 ,cassell's ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,new & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,my ,di>y4 ,twelve ,col\r$ ,plates & #cff ,small ,woodcuts1 ) blank space = e day 9 ! ye>4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,old ,prov]bs ) ,new ,pictures4 ,) #fd fac-simile ,col\r$ ,plates4 #fs4 ,pet] ,p>ley's ,annual4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,col\r$ ,plates1 pr9t$ 9 ,oil1 & full-page ,li?ographs4 ,gilt edges1 #es4 ,little ,folks4 ,half-ye>ly ,volumes1 ea* conta9+ ne>ly #ejj ,pictures4 ,bo>ds1 #cs1 #f;d42 clo? gilt1 #es4 ea*4 ,! ,picture ,tea*+ ,s]ies4 ,fcap4 #dto1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,ea* book pr(usely illu/rat$ & h&somely b\nd4 ,?r\gh ,picture ,l&4 ,picture ,tea*+ = ,"y & ,old4 ,picture ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,scraps ( ,k = ! ,little ,ones4 ,great ,lessons f ,little ,?+s4 ,woodl& ,romances2 or1 ,fables & ,fancies4 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,! ,boy ,jo9] & ,model ,mak]4 ,pussy ,tip-,toes' ,family4 ,frisk & ,8 ,flock4 ,! ,little ,p's ,album4 ,/ories & ,v]ses = ! ,little ,ones4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,,lizzie ,,lawson1 ,m4 ,e4 ,,edw>ds1 c4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,little ,folks ,pa9t+ ,books1 ( :i* a qu>t] ( a million copies h be5 sold4 ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t4 #as4 ea*2 or clo? gilt1 #bs4 ea*4 ,little ,folks ,crayon ,book4 ,little ,folks ,illum9at+ ,book4 ,pictures to ,pa9t4 ,little ,folks ,pa9t+ ,book4 ,nature ,pa9t+ ,book4 ,! ,_w 9 ,pictures4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,gift ,books specially suitable = ,sunday-,s*ool ,prizes4 ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t1 & h&somely b\nd 9 clo?4 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,ea/]n ,wond]l&4 ,peeps into ,*9a4 ,glimpses ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,r\nd ,africa4 ,! ,l& ( ,temples4 ,! ,isles ( ! ,pacific4 ,cassell's ,sixp5ny ,/ory ,books4 ,all ,illu/rat$1 & conta9+ int]e/+ ,/ories by well-kn[n writ]s4 ,b\nd 9 attractive ,col\r$ ,bo>ds1 price #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,boat ,club4 ,! ,delft ,jug4 ,helpful ,nelly4 ,! ,el*e/] ,college ,boys4 ,my ,fir/ ,cruise4 ,lottie's ,:ite ,frock4 ,! ,little ,peacemak]4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,wond]s4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,gift-books = ,boys4 ,9 ,volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,all ,illu/rat$ ?r\gh\t4 ,wond]ful ,adv5tures4 ,wond]s ( ,animal ,in/9ct4 ,wond]s ( ,ar*itecture4 ,wond]ful ,escapes4 ,wond]s ( ,bodily ,/r5g? & ,skill4 ,wond]ful ,balloon ,asc5ts4 ,books = ,boys4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,/ory ( ,capta9 ,cook4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,at ! ,s\? ,pole4 ,by ! late ,w4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,k+/on4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,soldi] & ,patriot4 ,! ,/ory ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,by ,f4 ,m4 ,,ow54 ,) ,map & ,illu/rations4 ,pictures ( ,s*ool ,life & ,boyhood4 ,f ! be/ ,au?ors4 ,edit$ by ,,p]cy ,,fitzg]ald1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,?ree ,homes4 ,a ,tale = ,fa!rs & ,sons4 ,by ,f4 ,t4 ,l4 ,,hope4 ,! ,romance ( ,trade4 ,by ,h4 ,r4 ,,fox ,,b\rne4 ,illu/rat$4 ,a ,complete ,li/ ( ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4',s ,*ildr5's ,books w be =w>d$ po/ free on application4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co4',s ,,complete ,,catalogue1 conta9+ a ,li/ ( ,,sev]al ,,hundr$ ,,volumes1 includ+ ,bibles & ,religi\s ,works1 ,f9e-,art ,volumes1 ,*ildr5's ,books1 ,diction>ies1 ,educational ,works1 ,hi/ory1 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,h\sehold & ,dome/ic ,treatises1 ,h&books & ,guides1 ,sci5ce1 ,travels1 c4 c41 toge!r ) a ,synopsis ( _! num]\s ,illu/rat$ ,s]ial ,publications1 s5t po/ free on application to ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co41 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,london4 ,,cassell1 ,,pett]1 ,,galp9 ,,co43 ,,london1 ,,p>is ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,ar*aic syntax & punctuation & inconsi/5t spell+ 7 reta9$4 ,footnote #g3 9 ord] to ?is modifi$ to 9 ord] to d ?is to fit context4