,illustration ,the ,book-,lover's ,library4 ,edited by ,henry ,b4 ,wheatley1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,by the ,same ,author4 ,tastefully printed and bound in cloth1 #ds4 #f;d42 in ,roxburgh1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,large ,paper1 #bas4 ,,how ,,to ,,form ,a ,,library4 ,an admirable guide to the best bibliographies and books of reference4444 ,it is altogether a volume to be desired4--,globe4 ,everything about this book is satisfactory--paper1 type1 margin1 size--above all1 the contents4--,st4 ,james's ,gazette4 ,,how ,,to ,,catalogue ,a ,,library4 ,every collector of books knows how many and difficult are the problems that present themselves in connection with cataloguing4 ,mr4 ,wheatley deals with all patiently1 wisely1 and exhaustively4--,british ,weekly4 ,mr4 ,wheatley's volume is unique4 ,it is written with so much care and such profound knowledge of the subject that there can be no doubt that it will satisfactorily meet all requirements4--,bristol ,mercury4 ,,elliot ,,stock1 #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,,london4 ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,index ,,by ,,henry ,b4 ,,wheatley1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,author ,,of ,,how ,,to ,,catalogue ,a ,,library ,,how ,,to ,,form ,a ,,library1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,m4 ,bochart 444 me prioit surtout d'y faire un ,index1 etant1 disoit-il1 l'ame des gros livres4--,menagiana4 ,,london ,,elliot ,,stock1 #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row #aijb ,illustration ,,preface4 ,illustration3 ,in #ahgh ,i wrote for the ,index ,society1 as its first publication1 a pamphlet entitled ,what is an ,index8 ,the present little book is compiled on somewhat similar lines2 but1 as its title suggests1 it is drawn up with a more practical object4 ,the first four chapters are ,historical1 and the other four are ,practical2 but the historical portion is intended to lead up to the practical portion by showing what to imitate and what to avoid4 ,there has been of late years a considerable change in public opinion with respect to the difficulties attending the making of both indexes and catalogues4 ,it was once a common opinion that anyone without preparatory knowledge or experience could make an index4 ,that that opinion is not true is amply proved1 ,i hope1 in the chapter on the ,bad ,indexer4 ,i have attempted to describe the best way of setting to work on an index4 ,to do this with any hope of success it is necessary to give details that may to some seem puerile1 but ,i have ventured on particulars for which ,i hope ,i may not be condemned4 ,i must also ask the forbearance of my readers for the constant use of the personal pronoun4 ,if ,i could have left it out1 ,i would gladly have done so2 but to a great extent this book relates to the experiences of an old indexer4 ,they must be taken for what they are worth1 and ,i hope forgiveness will be extended to me for the form in which these experiences are related4 ,h4 ,b4 ,w4 ,illustration ,,contents4 ,,historical4 ,,page ,,chapter ,i4 ,,introduction ,the ,so-called ,evils of ,index ,learning--,glanville and ,swift--,thomas ,fuller's ,defence of the ,index--,advantages of saving the ,brain by knowing where to find what is wanted--,dr4 ,johnson's ,division of ,necessary ,knowledge--,gradual ,introduction of the ,word ,index--,synonyms--,final ,triumph of ,index--,interesting ,indexes--,prynne's ,index to his ,histrio-,mastix--,index to ,richardson's ,novels--,david ,hume an ,indexer--,sir ,james ,paget enjoyed making ,indexes--,amusing ,blunder in ,musical ,index #a ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,amusing ,,and ,,satirical ,,indexes4 ,leigh ,hunt's ,good ,word for ,indexes--,indexes to ,tatler and ,spectator1 and ,the ,athenian ,oracle--,table of ,contents to ,shenstone's ,schoolmistress--,index to ,biglow ,papers--,dr4 ,william ,king and his ,satirical ,indexes--,boyle upon ,bentley--,the ,royal ,society and ,sir ,hans ,sloane ridiculed--,speaker ,bromley's ,travels--,reprint with ,king's ,index #be ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,the ,,bad ,,indexer4 ,some of the ,worst ,indexes in ,periodicals--,jewel's ,apology--,classified in place of completely ,alphabetical ,indexes--,mr4 ,poole's ,opinion of ,indexes to ,periodicals--,miss ,hetherington's ,examples of ,bad ,indexes--,want of ,complete ,alphabetization--,confusion of u and n1 and ,blunders caused by it--,classification within the ,alphabet--,variety of ,alphabets--,want of ,cross ,references--,useless ,cross ,references--,amusing ,mistranslations--,incorrect ,filling-up of ,contractions--,bad ,index to ,walpole's ,letters--,incorrect ,use of the ,line for ,repetition of ,heading--,index to ,pepys's ,diary--,evil of an ,indexless ,book--,complaints #ec ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,the ,,good ,,indexer4 ,difficulties of being ,exact--,value of a ,good ,index--,scaliger1 ,nicolas ,antonio1 ,pineda1 ,samuel ,jeake--,carlyle on ,indexless ,books--,macaulay's ,opinion of the ,aim of an ,index--,official ,indexes--,amount paid by ,parliament for ,indexes--,good ,legal ,indexes--,indexes to ,jeremy ,bentham's ,works1 and to ,ruskin's ,fors ,clavigera--,dr4 ,birkbeck ,hill's ,index to ,boswell's ,life of ,johnson--,boswell's ,original ,index--,issue of ,revised ,index to ,ranke's ,history of ,england--,the ,indexer born and made--,characteristics of a ,good ,indexer #he ,,practical4 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,different ,,classes ,,of ,,indexes4 ,easiest ,kinds of ,indexes to make--,concordances--,scientific ,books--,incompleteness of some ,indexes--,indexes to ,catalogues of ,libraries--,proposed ,subject ,index to the ,catalogue of the ,british ,museum--,controversy in ,the ,times--,mr4 ,fortescue's ,opinion--,dictionary ,catalogue #aah ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,general ,,rules ,,for ,,alphabetical ,,indexes4 ,rules1 with ,explanations and ,illustrations3 7#a7 ,one ,index to each ,book2 7#b7 ,one ,alphabet2 7#c7 ,order of the ,english ,alphabet2 7#d7 ,arrangement of ,headings2 7#e7 ,arrangement of ,foreign ,proper ,names2 7#f7 ,proper ,names with ,prefixes2 7#g7 ,titles of ,peers rather than their ,family ,names2 7#h7 ,compound ,names2 7#i7 ,adjective v4 ,substantive as a ,catchword2 7#aj7 ,shortness of ,entries2 7#aa7 ,repetition of ,short ,entries2 7#ab7 ,abstracts of the ,contents of ,articles in ,periodicals2 7#ac7 ,authorities to be ,indexed2 7#ad7 ,division of the ,page for ,reference2 7#ae7 ,use of ,numerals for ,series of ,volumes2 7#af7 ,certain ,entries to be printed in ,capitals2 7#ag7 ,type for ,headings--,arrangement of ,oriental ,names--,sir ,george ,birdwood's ,memorandum #acb ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,how ,,to ,,set ,,about ,,an ,,index4 ,hints as to the ,making of an ,index--,two ,kinds of ,index--,arrangement of ,growing ,indexes--,use of ,cards1 ,paper ,slips1 or ,foolscap--,indexer's ,knowledge of the ,book to be ,indexed--,selection of the best ,catchword--,use of ,numerals--,index for ,different ,editions of ,same ,book--,cutting up and arranging ,slips--,sorting into ,alphabet--,pasting down the ,slips--,paste to ,use--,calculations of the ,relative ,lengths of the ,letters of the ,alphabet--,preparation of ,copy for the ,printer--,correction of the ,press #agb ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,general ,,or ,,universal ,,index4 ,early ,proposals for an ,index ,society--,foundation of a ,society--,indexes of ,history and ,biography--,general ,index3 ,what it should be #bjf ,,index #bbe ,illustration ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,index4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,i for my part venerate the inventor of ,indexes2 and ,i know not to whom to yield the preference1 either to ,hippocrates1 who was the great anatomiser of the human body1 or to that unknown labourer in literature who first laid open the nerves and arteries of a book4 --,,isaac ,,disraeli1 ,literary ,miscellanies4 ,illustration3 ,it is generally agreed that that only is true knowledge which consists of information assimilated by our own minds4 ,mere disjointed facts kept in our memories have no right to be described as knowledge4 ,it is this understanding that has made many writers jeer at so-called index-learning4 ,thus1 in the seventeenth century1 ,joseph ,glanville1 writing in his ,vanity of ,dogmatizing1 says3 ,methinks 'tis a pitiful piece of knowledge that can be learnt from an index1 and a poor ambition to be rich in the inventory of another's treasure4 ,dr4 ,watts alluded to those whose learning reaches no farther than the tables of contents2 but then he added a sentence which quite takes the sting from what he had said before1 and shows how absolutely needful an index is4 ,he says3 ,if a book has no index or table of contents1 'tis very useful to make one as you are reading it4 ,swift had his say on index-learning1 too4 ,in the ,tale of a ,tub 7,section ,,vii47 he wrote3 ,the most accomplisht way of using books at present is twofold3 ,either serve them as some men do ,lords1 learn their titles exactly1 and then brag of their acquaintance4 ,or secondly1 which indeed is the choicer1 the profounder and politer method1 to get a thorough insight into the ,index1 by which the whole book is governed and turned1 like fishes by the tail4 ,for to enter the palace of ,learning at the great gate1 requires an expense of time and forms2 therefore men of much haste and little ceremony are content to get in by the back-door4 ,for1 the ,arts are all in a flying march1 and therefore more easily subdued by attacking them in the rear4444 ,thus men catch ,knowledge by throwing their wit on the posteriors of a book1 as boys do sparrows with flinging salt upon their tails4 ,thus human life is best understood by the wise man's ,rule of regarding the end4 ,thus are the ,sciences found like ,hercules' oxen1 by tracing them backwards4 ,thus are old ,sciences unravelled like old stockings1 by beginning at the foot4 ,thomas ,fuller1 with his usual common-sense1 wisely argues that the diligent man should not be deprived of a tool because the idler may misuse it4 ,he writes3 ,an ,index is a necessary implement and no impediment of a book except in the same sense wherein the carriages i4e4 things carried of an army are termed impedimenta4 ,without this a large author is but a labyrinth without a clue to direct the reader therein4 ,i confess there is a lazy kind of learning which is only indical1 when scholars 7like adders which only bite the horses' heels7 nibble but at the tables1 which are calces librorum1 neglecting the body of the book4 ,but though the idle deserve no crutches 7let not a staff be used by them but on them71 pity it is the weary should be denied the benefit thereof1 and industrious scholars prohibited the accommodation of an index1 most used by those who most pretend to contemn it4 ,the same objection to indical learning is urged to-day1 but it is really a futile one4 ,no man can know everything2 he may possess much true knowledge1 but there is a mass of matter that the learned man knows he can never master completely4 ,he does not care to burden his mind with what might be to him useless lumber4 ,in this case his object is only to know where he can find the information when he wants it4 ,indexes are of the greatest help to these men1 and for their purposes the indexes ought to be well made4 ,but it is needless to labour this point1 for has not ,johnson1 in his clear and virile language1 said the last word on the matter8--,knowledge is of two kinds2 we know a subject ourselves1 or we know where we can find information upon it4 ,when we inquire into any subject1 the first thing we have to do is to know what books have treated of it4 ,this leads us to look at catalogues and the backs of books4 ,before going further1 it would be well for author and reader to come to an agreement as to what an index really is4 ,an index may1 in certain circumstances1 be arranged in the order of the book1 like a table of contents1 or it may be classified or chronological2 but the index to a book such as we all think of when we speak of an index should be alphabetical4 ,the other arrangements must be exceptional1 because the books indexed are exceptional4 ,it is strange1 however1 to find how long the world was in coming to this very natural conclusion4 ,the first attempt at indexing a book was in the form of an abstract of contents in the order of the book itself4 ,seneca1 in sending certain volumes to his friend ,lucilius1 accompanied them with notes of particular passages1 so that he who only aimed at the useful might be spared the trouble of examining them entire4 ,cicero used the word index to express the table of contents of a book1 and he asked his friend ,atticus to send him two library clerks to repair his books4 ,he added that he wished them to bring with them some parchment to make indexes upon4 ,many old manuscripts have useful tables of contents1 and in ,dan ,michel's ,ayenbite of ,inwyt 7#acdj7 there is a very full table with the heading3 ,thise byeth the capiteles of the boc volyinde4 ,it was only a step to arrange this table of contents in the order of the alphabet1 and thus form a true index2 but it took a long time to take this step4 ,alphabetical indexes of names are to be found in some old manuscript books1 but it may be said that the general use of the alphabetical arrangement is one of those labour-saving expedients which came into use with the invention of printing4 ,erasmus supplied alphabetical indexes to many of his books2 but even in his time arrangement in alphabetical order was by no means considered indispensable in an index1 and the practice came into general use very slowly4 ,the word index had a hard fight with such synonyms as calendar1 catalogue1 inventory1 register1 summary1 syllabus4 ,in time it beat all its companions in the race1 although it had the longest struggle with the word table4#a #a ,all these words are fairly common2 but there is another which was used only occasionally in the sixteenth century4 ,this is pye1 supposed to be derived from the ,greek ,greek3 ,pinax1 among the meanings of which1 as given in ,liddell and ,scott's ,lexicon1 is1 ,a register1 or list4 ,the late ,sir ,t4 ,duffus ,hardy1 in some observations on the derivation of the word ,pye-,book1 remarks that the earliest use he had noted of pye in this sense is dated #aedg3 ,a ,pye of all the names of such ,balives as been to accompte pro anno regni regis ,edwardi ,sexti primo4--,appendix to the #ceth ,report of the ,deputy ,keeper of the ,public ,records1 p4 #aie4 ,cicero used the word index1 and explained it by the word syllabus4 ,index was not generally acknowledged as an ,english word until late in the seventeenth century4 ,north's racy translation of ,plutarch's ,lives1 the book so diligently used by ,shakespeare in the production of his ,roman histories1 contains an alphabetical index at the end1 but it is called a table4 ,on the title-page of ,baret's ,alvearie 7#aegc71 one of the early ,english dictionaries1 mention is made of two ,tables in the ende of this booke2 but the tables themselves1 which were compiled by ,abraham ,fleming1 being lists of the ,latin and ,french words1 are headed ,index4 ,between these two tables1 in the edition of #aehj1 is an ,abecedarie1 ,index or ,table of ,proverbs4 ,the word index is not included in the body of the dictionary1 where1 however1 ,table and ,regester are inserted4 ,table is defined as a booke or regester for memorie of thinges1 and regester as a reckeninge booke wherein thinges dayly done be written4 ,by this it is clear that ,baret did not consider index to be an ,english word4 ,at the end of ,johnson's edition of ,gerarde's ,herbal 7#afcf7 is an ,index ,latinus1 followed by a ,table of ,english names1 although a few years previously ,minsheu had given index a sort of half-hearted welcome into his dictionary4 ,under that word in the ,guide into ,tongues 7#afag7 is the entry1 vide ,table in ,booke1 in litera ,t41 where we read1 a ,table in a booke or ,index4 ,even when acknowledged as an ,english word1 it was frequently differentiated from the analytical table3 for instance1 ,dugdale's ,warwickshire contains an ,index of ,towns and ,places1 and a ,table of men's names and matters of most note2 and ,scobell's ,acts and ,ordinances of ,parliament 7#afdj-afef71 published #afeh1 has ,an ,alphabetical ,table of the most material contents of the whole book1 preceded by ,an ,index of the general titles comprized in the ensuing ,table4 ,there are a few exceptions to the rule here set forth3 for instance1 ,plinie's ,natural ,historie of the ,world1 translated by ,philemon ,holland 7#afja71 has at the beginning1 ,the ,inventorie or ,index containing the contents of #cg bookes1 and at the end1 ,an ,index pointing to the principal matters4 ,in ,speed's ,history of ,great ,britaine 7#afaa7 there is an ,index or ,alphabetical ,table containing the principal matters in this history4 ,the introduction of the word index into ,english from the ,latin word in the nominative shows that it dates from a comparatively recent period1 and came into the language through literature and not through speech4 ,in earlier times it was the custom to derive our words from the ,latin accusative4 ,the ,italian word indice was from the accusative1 and this word was used by ,ben ,jonson when he wrote1 too much talking is ever the indice of a fool 7,discoveries1 ed4 #afdj1 p4 #ic74 ,the ,french word indice has a different meaning from the ,italian indice1 and according to ,littre is not derived from index1 but from indicium4 ,it is possible that ,jonson's indice is the ,french1 and not the ,italian1 word4 ,drayton uses index as an indicator3 ,lest when my lisping guiltie tongue should hault1 ,my lookes might prove the index to my fault4 --,rosamond's ,epistle1 lines #ajc-ajd4 ,shakespeare uses the word as a table of contents at the beginning of a book rather than as an alphabetical list at the end3 for instance1 ,nestor says3 ,our imputation shall be oddly poised ,in this wild action3 for the success1 ,although particular1 shall give a scantling ,of good or bad unto the general2 ,and in such indexes1 although small pricks ,to their subsequent volumes1 there is seen ,the baby figure of the giant mass ,of things to come at large4 --,troilus and ,cressida1 ,i4 #c4 ,buckingham threatens3 ,i'll sort occasion1 ,as index to the story we late talk'd of1 ,to part the queen's proud kindred from the king4 --,richard ,,iii41 ,,ii4 #b4 ,and ,iago refers to an index and obscure prologue to the history of lust and foul thoughts 7,othello1 ,,ii4 #a74 ,it may be remarked in the quotation from ,troilus and ,cressida that ,shakespeare uses the proper plural--indexes--instead of indices1 which even now some writers insist on using4 ,no word can be considered as thoroughly naturalised that is allowed to take the plural form of the language from which it is obtained4 ,the same remark applies to the word appendix1 the plural of which some write as appendices instead of appendixes4 ,in the case of indices1 this word is correctly appropriated to another use4 ,indexes need not necessarily be dry2 and some of the old ones are full of quaint touches which make them by no means the least interesting portion of the books they adorn4 ,john ,florio's translation of ,montaigne's ,essays contains ,an ,index or ,table directing to many of the principal matters and personages mentioned in this ,booke1 which is full of curious entries and odd cross references4 ,the entries are not in perfect alphabetical order4 ,a few of the headings will give a good idea of the whole3 ,action better than speach4 ,action to some is rest4 ,beasts are ,physitians1 ,logitians1 ,musitians1 ,artists1 ,students1 ,politikes1 ,docible1 ,capable of ,military ,order1 of ,affections1 of ,justice1 of ,friendship1 of ,husbandry1 of thankefulnesse and of compassion1 etc4 ,bookes and ,bookishnesse4 ,bookes not so profitable as ,conference--as deare as children4 ,bruit creatures have imagination4 ,cloysters not without cares4 ,good fortune not to be despised altogether4 ,societie of bookes4 ,here are some of the cross references3 ,alteration vide ,inconstancy4 ,amitie vide ,friendship4 ,ant vide ,emmets4 ,apprehension vide ,imagination4 ,balladmakers vide ,rymers4 ,boasting vide ,vaunting4 ,chance vide ,fortune4 ,common ,people vide the ,vulgar4 ,disparity vide ,equality4 ,emperickes vide ,physitians4 ,an instance of how loosely the word index has been used will be found in ,robert ,boyle's ,some ,considerations touching the ,usefulnesse of ,experimental ,natural ,philosophy 7,oxford1 #affc74 ,this book is divided into two parts1 and at the end of each part is ,the ,index4 ,this so-called index is arranged in order of the pages1 and is really only a full table of contents4 ,indexes did not become at all common till the sixteenth century1 and ,mr4 ,cornelius ,walford asked in ,notes and ,queries what was the earliest index4 ,mr4 ,edward ,solly answered3 ,polydore ,vergil in ,anglicae ,historiae 7#aeef71 has what may fairly be called a good index--thirty-seven pages4 ,this may be taken as a starting-point as to date2 and we may ask for earlier examples 7#fth ,s4 xi4 #aee74 ,another contributor referred to an earlier edition of ,polydore ,vergil 7#aedf71 and still another one cited ,lyndewood's ,provinciale 7#aebe71 which has several indexes4 ,one old index may be singled out as having caused its author serious misfortune4 ,william ,prynne concocted a most wonderful attack upon the stage under the title of ,histrio-,mastix 7#afcc71 which is absolutely unreadable by reason of the vast mass of authorities gathered from every century and every nation1 to prove the wickedness of play-acting4 ,carlyle refers to the ,histrio-,mastix as a book still extant1 but never more to be read by mortal4 ,if ,prynne had sent his child out into the world without an index1 he might have escaped from persecution1 as no one would have found out the enormities which were supposed to lurk within the pages of the book4 ,but he was unwise enough to add a most elaborate index1 in which all the attacks upon a calling that received the sanction of the ,court were arranged in a convenient form for reference4 ,attorney-,general ,noy found that the author himself had forged the weapons which he 7the prosecutor7 could use in the attack4 ,this is proved by a passage in ,noy's speech at ,prynne's trial1 where he points out that the accused says ,christ was a ,puritan1 in his ,index4 ,noy calls it an index1 but ,prynne himself describes it as ,a ,table 7with some brief additions7 of the chiefest passages in this treatise4#b #b ,there is a note to the table which shows that the book grew in size during the printing--p4 signifying the page1 f4 the folioes from pag4 #eac to #ede 7which exceeded the ,printer's computation71 m4 the marginall notes3 if you finde f4 before any pages from #ede to #efh1 then looke the folioes which are overcast2 if p4 then the page following4 ,the entries in the index are so curious and one-sided in their accusations that it is worth while to quote some of them rather fully3 ,actors of popular or private enterludes for gaine or pleasure1 infamous1 unlawfull and that as well in ,princes1 ,noblemen1 ,gentlemen1 ,schollers1 ,divines or ,common ,actors4 ,a,eschylus1 one of the first inventors of ,tragedies--his strange and sudden death4 ,christ wept oft1 but never laughed--a puritan--dishonoured and offended with ,stage playes4 ,crossing of the face when men go to plays shuts in the ,devil4 ,devils1 inventors and fomentors of stage plays and dancing4 ,have stage plays in hell every ,lord's day night4 ,heaven--no stage plays there4 ,herod ,agrippa smitten in theater by an angel and so died4 ,herod the great1 the first erecter of a theater among the ,jews who thereupon conspire his death4 ,king ,james his statute against prophaning scripture and ,god's name in ,playes--his ,statutes make ,players rogues and ,playes unlawfull pastimes4 ,kings--infamous for them to act or frequent ,playes or favour ,players4 ,plagues occasioned by stage plays4 ,all the ,roman actors consumed by a plague4 ,play-bookes see ,bookes4 ,players infamous 444 ---- many of them ,papists and most desperate wicked wretches4 ,play haunters the worst and lewdest persons for the most part4444 ,play haunting unlawfull4444 ,play-houses stiled by the ,fathers and others1 the ,devil's temples1 ,chappels and synagogues4444 ,play-poets examples of ,god's judgements on the chiefest of them4444 ,puritans1 condemners of ,stage-playes and other corruptions stiled so--,the very best and holiest ,christians called so4444--,christ1 his prophets1 apostles1 the ,fathers and ,primitive christians ,puritans as men now judged--hated and condemned onely for their grace yea holinesse of life--,accused of hypocrisie and sedition1 and why4 ,puritan1 an honourable nickname of ,christianity and grace4 ,theaters overturned by tempests4 ,it was the strong terms in which women actors are denounced that gave such offence at ,court1 where the ,queen and her ladies were specially attracted to the stage4 ,prynne's book was published six weeks before ,henrietta ,maria acted in a pastoral at ,somerset ,house1 so that the following passage could not have been intended to allude to the ,queen3#c #c ,see ,cobbett's ,state ,trials1 vol4 #c1 coll4 #efa-ehf4 ,women actors notorious whores 444 and dare then any ,christian women be so more than whorishly impudent as to act1 to speake publikely on a stage perchance in man's apparell and cut haire here proved sinfull and abominable in the presence of sundry men and women8444 ,o let such presidents of impudency1 of impiety be never heard of or suffered among ,christians4 ,there are some interesting letters in ,ellis's ,original ,letters 7#bnd ,series1 vol4 #c7 which illustrate the effect on the ,court of these violent expressions of opinion4 ,jo4 ,pory wrote to ,sir ,thomas ,puckering on ,september #bjth1 #afcb3 ,that which the ,queen's ,majesty1 some of her ladies and all her maides of honour are now practicing upon is a ,pastorall penned by ,mr4 ,walter ,montague1 wherein her ,majesty is pleased to acte a parte1 as well for her recreation as for the exercise of her ,englishe4 ,george ,gresley wrote to the same ,puckering on the following #cast of ,january3 ,mr4 ,prinne an ,utter ,barrister of ,lincoln's ,inne is brought into the ,high ,commission ,court and ,star ,chamber1 for publishing a ,booke 7a little before the ,queene's acting of her play7 of the unlawfullness of ,plaies wherein in the ,table of his ,booke and his brief additions thereunto he hath these words the extracts given above are here printed1 which wordes it is thought by some will cost him his eares1 or heavily punnisht and deepely fined4 ,those who thought thus were amply justified in their opinion4 ,mr4 ,hill ,burton observes that it was a very odd compliment to ,queen ,henrietta ,maria to presume that these words refer to her1 and he adds that the supposition reminds him of ,victor ,hugo's sarcasm respecting ,napoleon ,,iii41 that when the ,parisian police overheard any one use the terms ruffian and scoundrel1 they said1 ,you must be speaking of the ,emperor6 ,prynne is so full in his particulars that he might have given us much information respecting the stage in his own day1 which we should have welcomed2 but1 instead1 he is ever more ready to draw his examples from ,greek and ,latin authorities4 ,in the eighteenth century a practice arose of drawing up indexes of sentiments and opinions as distinguished from facts4 ,such indexes required a special skill in the indexer1 who was usually the original author4 ,there is a curious poetical index to the ,iliad in ,pope's ,homer1 referring to all the places in which similes are used4 ,samuel ,johnson was very anxious that ,richardson should produce such an index to his novels4 ,in the ,correspondence of ,samuel ,richardson 7vol4 v41 p4 #bhb7 is a letter from ,johnson to the novelist1 in which he writes3 ,i wish you would add an index rerum1 that when the reader recollects any incident1 he may easily find it1 which at present he cannot do1 unless he knows in which volume it is told2 for ,clarissa is not a performance to be read with eagerness1 and laid aside for ever2 but will be occasionally consulted by the busy1 the aged and the studious2 and therefore ,i beg that this edition1 by which ,i suppose posterity is to abide1 may want nothing that can facilitate its use4 ,at the end of each volume of ,clarissa ,harlowe ,richardson added a sort of table of all the passages best worth remembering1 and as he was the judge himself1 it naturally extended to a considerable length4 ,in ,september1 #agec1 ,johnson again wrote to ,richardson suggesting the propriety of making an index to his three works1 but he added3 ,while ,i am writing an objection arises2 such an index to the three would look like the preclusion of a fourth1 to which ,i will never contribute2 for if ,i cannot benefit mankind ,i hope never to injure them4 ,richardson took the hint of his friend1 and in #agee appeared a volume of four hundred and ten pages1 entitled1 ,a ,collection of the moral and instructive ,sentiments1 ,maxims1 ,cautions1 and ,reflexions contained in the ,histories of ,pamela1 ,clarissa and ,sir ,charles ,grandison1 digested under proper heads4 ,the tables of sentiments are arranged in separate alphabets for each novel4 ,the production of this book was a labour of love to its author1 who1 moreover1 was skilled in the mechanical work of indexing1 and in the early part of his career had filled up his leisure hours by compiling indexes for the booksellers and writing prefaces and dedications4 ,at the end of his collection are two letters from the author to two of his admirers2 one was to a lady who was solicitous for an additional volume to ,sir ,charles ,grandison1 supposing that work ended too abruptly4 ,david ,hume is to be added to the list of celebrated men who have been indexers1 although he does not appear to have liked the work4 ,in referring to the fourth edition of his ,essays he wrote3 ,i intend to make an index to it4 ,two years later he is grateful that the work of indexing another book is to be done for him2 writing to ,millar 7,december #ahth1 #agei71 he says3 ,i think that an ,index will be very proper1 and am glad that you free me from the trouble of undertaking that task1 for which ,i know myself to be very unfit4#d #d ,letters of ,david ,hume to ,william ,strahan1 edited by ,g4 ,birkbeck ,hill1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,oxford1 #ahhh4 ,sir ,james ,paget1 the great surgeon1 not only made indexes1 but delighted in the task4 ,he told ,dr4 ,goodhart1 apropos of the ,hunterian ,museum ,catalogues1 ,college of ,surgeons1 that it had always been a pleasure to him to make an index4#e #e ,paget's ,life1 p4 #cej4 ,at the end of this chapter ,i must refer to an excellent blunder1 because it would not be fair to introduce it with the work of the bad indexer1 as it is an instance not exactly of ignorance1 but of too great cleverness4 ,of the ,fetis ,musical ,library1 bought by the ,belgian ,government at his death for #aeb1jjj francs1 an excellent catalogue was compiled and printed4 ,in the index are references to ,dumas 7,alexandre7 pere1 and ,dumas 7,alexandre7 fils4 ,the musician who consults the work will be surprised at this unexpected development of these two famous authors' powers1 but will be disappointed on referring to the numbers cited to find that they are reports of some legal proceedings brought by the firm of ,alexandre pere et fils1 the well-known harmonium-makers1 against a rival firm4 ,the indexer's better acquaintance with ,les ,trois ,mousquetaires and ,la ,dame aux ,camelias led him astray4 ,my friend ,mr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,matthew1 who communicated this to me1 adds3 ,after many years of constant use of the catalogue1 this is the only mistake1 beyond a literal1 that ,i ever found4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,amusing ,,and ,,satirical ,,indexes4 ,it will thus often happen that the controversialist states his case first in the title-page2 he then gives it at greater length in the introduction2 again perhaps in a preface2 a third time in an analytical form through means of a table of contents2 after all this skirmishing he brings up his heavy columns in the body of the book2 and if he be very skilfull he may let fly a few ,parthian arrows from the index4--,j4 ,,hill ,,burton',s ,book-,hunter4 ,illustration3 ,one of the last things the genuine indexer thinks of is to make his work amusing2 but some wits have been very successful in producing humorous indexes1 and others have seen their way to make an author ridiculous by satirically perverting his meaning in the form of an ordinary index4 ,we can find specimens of each of these classes4 ,leigh ,hunt has a charming little paper1 ,a ,word upon ,indexes1 in his ,indicator4 ,he writes3 ,index-making has been held to be the driest as well as lowest species of writing4 ,we shall not dispute the humbleness of it2 but since we have had to make an index ourselves1#f we have discovered that the task need not be so very dry4 ,calling to mind indexes in general1 we found them presenting us a variety of pleasant memories and contrasts4 ,we thought of those to the ,spectator1 which we used to look at so often at school1 for the sake of choosing a paper to abridge4 ,we thought of the index to the ,pantheon of ,fabulous ,histories of the ,heathen ,gods1 which we used to look at oftener4 ,we remember how we imagined we should feel some day1 if ever our name should appear in the list of ,hs2 as thus1 ,home1 ,howard1 ,hume1 ,huniades1 ----4 ,the poets would have been better1 but then the names1 though perhaps less unfitting1 were not so flattering2 as for instance ,halifax1 ,hammond1 ,harte1 ,hughes1 ----4 ,we did not like to come after ,hughes4 #f ,to the original edition of the ,indicator2 the reprint 7#b vols4 #hvo1 #ahcd7 has no index4 ,the indexes to the ,tatler and the ,spectator are full of piquancy1 and possess that admirable quality of making the consulter wish to read the book itself4 ,the entries are so enticing that they lead you on to devour the whole book4 ,hunt writes of them3 ,we have just been looking at the indexes to the ,tatler and ,spectator1 and never were more forcibly struck with the feeling we formerly expressed about a man's being better pleased with other writers than with himself4 ,our index seemed the poorest and most second-hand in the world after theirs3 but let any one read theirs1 and then call an index a dry thing if he can4 ,as there 'is a soul of goodness in things evil' so there is a soul of humour in things dry1 and in things dry by profession4 ,lawyers know this1 as well as index-makers1 or they would die of sheer thirst and aridity4 ,but as grapes1 ready to burst with wine1 issue out of the most stony places1 like jolly fellows bringing burgundy out of a cellar2 so an ,index1 like the ,tatler's1 often gives us a taste of the quintessence of his humour4 ,the very title gives good promise of what is to be found in the book3 ,a faithful ,index of the dull as well as the ingenious passages in the ,tatlers4 ,here are a few entries chosen at random3 ,vol4 #a-- ,bachelor's scheme to govern a wife4 ,knaves prove fools4 ,vol4 #b-- ,actors censured for adding words of their own in their parts4 ,dead men1 who4 ,dead persons heard1 judged and censured4 ---- ,allegations laid against them1 their pleas4 ,love letters before and after marriage1 found in a grave4 ,mathematical sieve to sift impertinences in writing and discourse4 ,news1 ,old ,people die in ,france4 ,vol4 #c-- ,flattery of women1 its ill consequences4 ,maids of ,honour1 their allowance of ,beef for their ,breakfast in ,queen ,elizabeth's time4 ,silence1 significant on many occasions4 ---- ,instances of it4 ,vol4 #d-- ,blockheads apt to admire one another4 ,female ,library proposed for the ,improvement of the ,sex4 ,night1 longer formerly in this ,island than at present4 ,in #ageg ,a ,general ,index to the ,spectators1 ,tatlers1 and ,guardians was published1 and in #agfj the same work was re-issued with a new title-page4 ,certain supposed blots in the original indexes were here corrected and the following explanation made in the preface3 ,notwithstanding the learning and care of the compilers of the first ,indexes to these volumes1 some slight inaccuracies have passed1 and where observed they are altered4 ,few readers who desire to know ,mr4 ,bickerstaff's ,opinion of the ,comedy called the ,country ,wife1 or the character of ,mrs4 ,bickerstaff as an actress1 would consult the ,index under the word ,acts4 ,this seems to refer to an entry in the index to the first volume of the ,tatler3 ,acts the ,country-,wife3 7,mrs4 ,bignel74 ,the index to the original edition of the ,spectator is equally good with that of the ,tatler1 but the entries are longer and more elaborate than those in the latter4 ,the references are not made to the pages1 as is the case with the ,tatler1 but to the numbers of the papers4 ,the following entries are worthy of quotation3 ,vol4 #b-- ,gentry of ,england generally speaking in debt4 ,great men not truly known till some years after their deaths4 ,women1 the ,english excel all other nations in beauty4 ---- ,signs of their improvement under the ,spectator's hands4 ---- ,their pains in all ages to adorn the outside of their heads4 ,a precursor of the ,tatler and ,spectator was the curious ,athenian ,oracle1 of the eccentric ,john ,dunton1 each volume of which contained ,an ,alphabetical ,table for the speedy finding of any questions1 by a member of the ,athenian ,society1 from which the following amusing entries are taken3 ,ark1 what became of it after the ,flood8 ,bees1 a swarm lit upon the ,crown and ,scepter in ,cheapside1 what do they portend8 ,hawthorn-tree at ,glassenbury1 what think you of it8 ,noah's flood1 whither went the waters8 ,pied ,piper1 was he a man or daemon8 ,triumphant ,arch erected in ,cheapside #afia1 described4 ,a selection from this curious seventeenth-century miscellany was made by ,mr4 ,j4 ,underhill1 and published by ,walter ,scott a few years ago4 ,shenstone's ,schoolmistress is one of the works of genius which is little known in the present day1 but well repays perusal4 ,a humorous table of contents was prepared by the author1 which he styled an index4 ,he wrote3 ,i have added a ludicrous index purely to show 7fools7 that ,i am in jest4 ,this was afterwards omitted1 but ,d',israeli reprinted it in his ,curiosities of ,literature4 ,it contains an amusing precis of the chief points of the poem2 the whole is short1 and a few extracts will give an idea of its plan3 ,a ,,circumstance in the situation of the mansion of early ,discipline1 discovering the surprising influence of the connexion of ideas4 ,,some peculiarities indicative of a country school1 with a short sketch of the sovereign presiding over it4 ,,some account of her night-cap1 apron and a tremendous description of her birchen sceptre4 ,,her titles and punctilious nicety in the ceremonious assertion of them4 ,a ,,view of this rural potentate as seated in her chair of state1 conferring honours distributing bounties and dispensing proclamations4 ,gay composed a full and humorous index for his interesting picture of eighteenth-century ,london--,trivia4 ,the poet added a few entries to the index in the quarto edition of his ,poems 7#agbj74 ,the following selected references will show the character of the index3 ,asses1 their arrogance4 ,autumn1 what cries then in use4 ,bully1 his insolence to be corrected4 ,chairs and chariots prejudicial to health4 ,cellar1 the misfortune of falling into one4 ,coach fallen into a hole described4 ,glazier1 his skill at football4 ,london1 its happiness before the invention of ,coaches and ,chairs4 ,periwigs1 how stolen off the head4 ,quarrels for the wall to be avoided4 ,schoolboys1 mischievous in frosty weather4 ,wall1 to whom to be given4 ---- to whom to be denied4 ,women1 the ill consequence of gazing on them4 ,of modern examples of the amusing index1 by far the best is that added to the inimitable ,biglow ,papers by the accomplished author1 ,james ,russell ,lowell4 ,here are some extracts from the index to the ,first ,series3 ,adam1 eldest son of1 respected4 ,babel1 probably the first congress4 ,birch1 virtue of1 in instilling certain of the dead languages4 ,caesar1 a tribute to4 ,his ,veni1 ,vidi1 ,vici censured for undue prolixity4 ,castles1 ,spanish1 comfortable accommodation in4 ,eating ,words1 habit of1 convenient in time of famine4 ,longinus recommends swearing 7,fuseli did the same thing74 ,no1 a monosyllable4 ,hard to utter4 ,noah enclosed letter in bottle1 probably4 ,ulysses1 husband of ,penelope4 ,borrows money4 7,for full particulars see ,homer and ,dante47 ,wrong1 abstract1 safe to oppose4 ,the following are from the ,second ,series3 ,antony of ,padua1 ,saint1 happy in his hearers4 ,applause1 popular1 the summum bonum4 ',atlantic1' editors of1 ,see ,neptune4 ,there is no entry under ,neptune4 ,belmont4 ,see ,woods4 ,bible1 not composed for use of coloured persons4 ,charles ,i1 accident to his neck4 ,ezekiel would make a poor figure at a ,caucus4 ,facts1 their unamiability4 ,compared to an old fashioned stage-coach4 ,family trees1 a primitive forest of4 ,jeremiah hardly the best guide in modern politics4 ,missionaries1 useful to alligators4 ,culinary liabilities of4 ,rum and water combine kindly4 ,shoddy1 poor covering for outer or inner man4 ',they'll say1' a notable bully4 ,woods1 the1 ,see ,belmont4 ,world1 this1 its unhappy temper4 ,writing1 dangerous to reputation4 ,the witty ,dr4 ,william ,king1 student of ,christ ,church1 ,oxford1 and afterwards ,judge of the ,irish ,court of ,admiralty1 presented an example of the skilled controversialist spoken of by ,hill ,burton as letting fly a few ,parthian arrows from the ,index4 ,he was dubbed by ,isaac ,d',israeli the inventor of satirical indexes1 and he certainly succeeded in producing several ill-natured ones4 ,when the wits of ,christ ,church produced under the name of the ,hon4 ,charles ,boyle the clever volume with which they thought to annihilate the great ,dr4 ,bentley1 ,dr4 ,king was the one who assisted by producing a bitter index4 ,the first edition of ,dr4 ,bentley's ,dissertation on the ,epistles of ,phalaris and the ,fables of ,esop examin'd 7#afih7 has no index2 but ,dr4 ,king's work was added to the second edition published in the same year4 ,it was styled1 ,a short account of ,dr4 ,bentley by way of ,index4 ,then follows3 ,dr4 ,bentley's true story of the ,,ms4 prov'd false by the testimonies of ---- ,mr4 ,bennet1 p4 #f4 ---- ,mr4 ,gibson1 p4 #g4 ---- ,dr4 ,king1 p4 #h4 ---- ,dr4 ,bentley1 p4 #ai4 ,dr4 ,bentley's civil usage of ,mr4 ,boyle4 ,his civil language to ---- ,mr4 ,boyle4 ---- ,sir ,w4 ,temple4 ,his singular humanity to ---- ,mr4 ,boyle4 ---- ,sir ,edward ,sherburne4 humanity to ,foreigners4 ,his ,ingenuity in ---- relating matters of fact4 ---- citing authors4 ---- transcribing and plundering notes and prefaces of ---- ,mr4 ,boyle4 ---- ,vizzanius4 ---- ,nevelet4 ---- ,camerarius4 ---- ,editor of ,hesychius4 ---- ,salmasius4 ---- ,dr4 ,bentley4 ,his appeal to ,foreigners4 ---- a suspicious plan4 ---- a false one4 ,his modesty and decency in contradicting great men4 7,long list from ,plato to ,every body74 ,his happiness in confident assertions for want ---- of ,reading4 ---- of ,judgment4 ---- of ,sincerity4 ,his profound skill in ,criticism ,from beginning to ,the ,end4 ,this is certainly more vindictive than witty4 ,all the wits rushed madly into the fray1 and ,swift1 in his ,battel fought last ,friday between the ,antient and ,modern ,books in ,st4 ,james's ,library1 committed himself irretrievably to the wrong side in this way3 ,a captain whose name was ,b-ntl-y1 in person the most deformed of all the moderns2 tall but without shape or comeliness1 large but without strength or proportion4 ,his armour was patched up of a thousand incoherent pieces4444 ,then look at the leader of the opposing host3 ,boyl clad in a suit of armor which had been given him by all the gods immediately advanced against the trembling foe1 who now fled before him4 ,it is amazing that such a perverted judgment should have been given by some of our greatest writers1 but all is to be traced to ,bentley's defects of temper1 so that ,dr4 ,king was not altogether wrong in his index4 ,sir ,george ,trevelyan in his ,life of ,macaulay refers to ,bentley's famous maxim 7which in print and talk alike he dearly loved to quote71 that no man was ever written down except by himself1 and quotes what the historian wrote after perhaps his tenth perusal of ,bishop ,monk's life of the great critic3 ,bentley seems to me an eminent instance of the extent to which intellectual powers of a most rare and admirable kind may be impaired by moral defects4 ,charles ,boyle's book went through four editions1 and still there was silence2 but at last appeared the immortal ,dissertation1 as ,porson calls it1 which not only defeated his enemies1 but routed them completely4 ,bentley's ,dissertation upon the ,epistles of ,phalaris1 with an answer to the objections of the ,hon4 ,c4 ,boyle1 ,esq41 first appeared in #afii4 ,de ,quincey described it as one of the three most triumphant dissertations existing upon the class of historico-critical problems1 ,all three are loaded with a superfetation of evidence1 and conclusive beyond what the mind altogether wishes4#g ,in another place ,de ,quincey points out the line of argument followed by ,bentley3 ,it was by anachronisms of this character that ,bentley detected the spuriousness of the letters ascribed to ,phalaris4 ,sicilian towns1 c41 were in those letters called by names that did not arise until that prince had been dead for centuries4 ,manufactures were mentioned that were of much later invention4 ,as handles for this exposure of a systematic forgery1 which oftentimes had a moral significance1 these indications were valuable1 and gave excessive brilliancy to that immortal dissertation of ,bentley's4#h #g ,rosicrucians and ,free-,masons 7,de ,quincey's ,works1 vol4 #ac1 p4 #chh74 #h ,memorial ,chronology 7,de ,quincey's ,works1 vol4 #ad1 p4 #cji74 ,the fate which the wits thought to bring upon ,bentley fell upon them1 and they quarrelled among themselves4 ,it was believed that ,charles ,boyle1 when credit was to be obtained1 looked upon himself as author of the book2 but afterwards1 when it was discredited1 he only awaited the public trial of the conspirators to wash his hands of the whole affair4 ,atterbury1 who had much to do with the production of the volume1 was particularly annoyed by ,boyle's conduct4 ,he wrote to ,boyle3 ,in laying the design of the book1 in writing above half of it1 in reviewing revising a great part of the rest1 in transcribing the whole and attending the press1 half a year of my life went away4 ,what ,i promised myself from hence was that some service would be done to your reputation1 and that you would think so4 ,in the first of these ,i was not mistaken--in the latter ,i am4 ,when you were abroad1 sir1 the highest you could prevail with yourself to go in your opinion of the book was1 that you hoped it would do you no harm4 ,when you returned ,i supposed you would have seen that it had been far from hurting you4 ,however1 you have not thought fit to let me know your mind on this matter2 for since you came to ,england1 no one expression1 that ,i know of1 has dropped from you that could give me reason to believe you had any opinion of what ,i had done1 or even took it kindly from me4#i #i ,memoirs of ,bishop ,atterbury1 compiled by ,folkestone ,williams1 vol4 i4 7#ahfi71 p4 #db4 ,in the same year 7#afih7 ,king turned his attention to a less formidable antagonist than the great ,bentley4 ,his ,journey to ,london is a very ingenious parody of ,dr4 ,martin ,lister's ,journey to ,paris1 and1 the pages of the original being referred to1 it forms an index to that book4 ,the ,royal ,society in its early years had to pass through a long period of ridicule and misrepresentation4 ,the author of ,hudibras commenced the crusade1 but the gibes of ,butler were easier to bear than those of ,dr4 ,william ,king1 who was particularly savage against ,sir ,hans ,sloane4 ,the ,transactioneer 7#agjj7 and ,useful ,transactions in ,philosophy 7#agjh-agji7 were very galling to the distinguished naturalist1 and annoyed the ,royal ,society1 whose ,philosophical ,transactions were unmercifully laughed at4 ,to both the tracts referred to were prefixed satirical tables of contents1 and what made them the more annoying was that the author's own words were very ingeniously used and turned against him4 ,king writes3 ,the bulls and blunders which ,sloane and his friends so naturally pour forth cannot be misrepresented1 so careful ,i am in producing them4 ,here is a specimen of the contents of ,the ,transactioneer3 ,the ,tatler's ,opinion of a ,virtuoso4 ,some ,account of ,sir ,hans ,sloane4 ---- of ,dr4 ,salmon4 ---- of ,mr4 ,oldenburg4 ---- of ,dr4 ,plot4 ,the ,compiling of the ,philosophical ,transactions the work of a single person4 ---- the excellence of his style4 ---- his clearness and perspicacity4 ---- ,genius to ,poetry4 ---- ,verses on ,jamaica ,pepper4 ---- ,politicks in ,gardening4 ---- ,skill in ,botanicks4 ,the following appear in the contents of the ,voyage to ,cajamai in ,useful ,transactions3 ,preface of the author-- ,knew a white bramble in a dark room4 ,author's introduction-- ,mountains higher than hills4 ,hay good for horses4 ,the most important of ,king's indexes was that added to ,bromley's ,travels1 because it had the effect of balking a distinguished political character of his ambition of filling the office of ,speaker of the ,house of ,commons4 ,william ,bromley 7#affd-agcb71 after leaving ,christ ,church1 ,oxford1 spent several years in travelling on the ,continent4 ,he was elected a ,member of ,parliament in #afhi1 and soon occupied a prominent position among the non-jurors4 ,in #afib he published ,remarks in the ,grande ,tour of ,france and ,italy1 lately performed by a ,person of quality4 ,london4 ,printed by ,e4 ,h4 for ,tho4 ,basset at the ,george in ,fleet ,street1 #afib4 ,a second edition appeared in the following year3 ,remarks made in ,travels through ,france and ,italy1 with many ,publick ,inscriptions4 ,lately taken by a ,person of ,quality4 ,london 7,thomas ,basset7 #afic4 ,in ,march1 #agja-agjb1 ,bromley was elected ,member of ,parliament for the ,university of ,oxford1 which he continued to represent during the remainder of his life4 ,in #agjb he published another volume of travels3 ,several ,years' ,travels through ,portugal1 ,spain1 ,italy1 ,germany1 ,prussia1 ,sweden1 ,denmark and the ,united ,provinces performed by a ,gentleman4 ,in #agje ,bromley was supposed to have pre-eminent claims to the ,speakership1 which office was then vacant2 but what was supposed to be a certainty was turned into failure by the action of his opponents4 ,they took the opportunity of reprinting his ,remarks1 with the addition of a satirical index1 as an electioneering squib4 ,this reprint appeared as ,remarks in the ,grand ,tour 444 performed by a ,person of ,quality in the year #afia4 ,the second edition to which is added a table of the principal matters4 ,london4 ,printed for ,john ,nutt near ,stationers' ,hall1 #agje4 ,this was really the third edition1 but probably the reprinters overlooked the edition of #afic4 ,it was reprinted with the original licence of ,rob4 ,midgley1 ,feb4 #bjth1 #afia-b4 ,in the ,bodleian copy of this book there is a manuscript note by ,dr4 ,rawlinson to the effect that this index was drawn up by ,robert ,harley1 ,earl of ,oxford2 but this was probably only a party rumour4 ,dr4 ,parr possessed ,bromley's own copy of the reprint with the following manuscript note by the author3 ,this edition of these travels is a specimen of the good nature and good manners of the ,whigs1 and ,i have reason to believe of one of the ministry 7very conversant in this sort of calumny7 for the sake of publishing 'the ,table of the principal matters c' to expose me whom the gentlemen of the ,church of ,england designed to be ,speaker of the ,house of ,commons1 in the ,parliament1 that met ,oct4 #be #agje4 ,when notwithstanding the ,whigs and ,court joining to keep me out of the chair1 and the greatest violence towards the ,members1 turning out some1 and threatening others1 to influence their votes1 ,i had the honour 7and ,i shall ever esteem it a greater honour than my competitor's success7 to have the suffrages of #bje disinterested gentlemen for me3 such a number as never lost such a question before2 and such as1 with the addition of those that by force1 and contrary to their inclination1 with the greatest reluctance voted against me1 must have prevailed for me4 ,this was a very malicious proceeding2 my words and meaning plainly perverted in several places2 which if they had been improper1 and any observations trifling or impertinent1 an allowance was due for my being very young1 when they were made4 ,but the performances of others1 not entitled to such allowance may be in this manner exposed1 as appears by the like ,tables published for the ,travels of ,bp4 ,burnet and ,mr4 ,addison4 ,wm4 ,bromley4 ,dr4 ,parr took this all very seriously1 and set great value upon the book4 ,he added a note to that written by ,bromley1 in which he said3 ,mr4 ,bromley was very much galled with the republication1 and the ridiculous1 but not untrue1 representation of the contents4 ,such a work would unavoidably expose the author to derision3 instead therefore of suffering it to be sold after my death1 and to become a subject of contemptuous gossip1 or an instrument of party annoyance1 ,i think it a proper act of respect and kindness for the ,bromley family1 for me to put it in possession of the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,davenport ,bromley1 upon the express condition that he never sells it nor gives it away1 that1 after reading it1 he seals it up carefully and places it where no busy eye1 nor thievish hand can reach it4 ,s4 ,p4 ,this note was written in #ahbc1 and the precautions taken by ,parr seem rather belated4 ,even the family were little likely to mind the public seeing a political skit more than a century old1 which did no dishonour to their ancestor's character4 ,it is very probable that ,harley was at the expense of reprinting the book1 as it is reported that every one who came to his house was asked if he had seen ,mr4 ,bromley's ,travels2 and when the answer was in the negative1 ,harley at once fetched a copy1 which he presented to his visitor4 ,there is no doubt1 however1 that the index was drawn up by ,dr4 ,king4 ,the index is neither particularly amusing nor clever1 but it is very ill-natured4 ,dr4 ,parr infers that the book is not misrepresented1 but there can be little doubt that the index is in most instances very unfair4 ,thus the first entry in the table is3 ,chatham1 where and how situated1 viz4 on the other side of ,rochester bridge1 though commonly reported to be on this side1 p4 #a4 ,the passage indexed is quite clear1 and contains the natural statement of a fact4 ,lodged at ,rochester1 an episcopal seat in the same county ,kent4 ,the cathedral church is plain and decent1 and the city appears well peopled4 ,when ,i left it and passed the ,bridge ,i was at ,chatham1 the famous ,dock1 where so many of our great ships are built4 ,the following are some further entries from the index3 ,dover and ,calais neither of them places of ,strength tho' frontier towns1 p4 #b4 ,boulogne the first city on the ,french shore1 lies on the coast1 p4 #b4 ,these are the same words as in the book4 ,crosses and ,crucifixes on the ,roads in ,france prove it not ,england1 p4 #c4 ,the passage here indexed is as follows3 ,crosses and ,crucifixes are so plentiful every where on this road1 that from them alone an ,englishman will be satisfied he is out of his own country2 besides the ,roads are much better than ours4 ,eight pictures take up less room than sixteen of the same size1 p4 #ad4 ,this is founded on the following3 ,they contain the ,histories of the ,old and ,new ,testaments1 and are placed in two rows one above the other2 those that represent the ,old ,testament are in the uppermost reaching round the room and are sixteen4 ,those of the new are under them1 but being only eight reach not so far as the former1 and where no pictures are be the doors to the presses where the sacred vestments are kept4 ,travelling by night not proper to take a view of the adjacent countries1 p4 #bbc4 ,this is a version of the following3 ,the heat of the weather made travelling in the night most desirable and we chose it between ,sienna and ,florence4444 ,by this means ,i could see little of the country4 ,the ,duchess dowager of ,savoy who was grandmother to the present ,duke was mother to his father1 p4 #bdc4 ,this is a perversion of the following perfectly natural observation3 ,this was designed by the ,dutchess ,christina grandmother of this ,duke in the minority of her son 7his father7 in #affj4 ,the entry1 ,jews at ,legorn not obliged to wear red hats1 p4 #bbc1 contains nothing absurd1 but rather is an interesting piece of information1 because the ,jews were obliged to wear these hats in other parts of ,italy1 and it was the knowledge of this fact that induced ,macklin to wear a red hat when acting ,shylock1 a personation which induced an admirer to exclaim3 ,this is the ,jew ,that ,shakespeare drew4 ,such perversions as these could have done ,bromley1 one would think1 little harm2 but the real harm done consisted in bringing to light and insisting upon the author's political attitude when he referred to ,king ,william and ,queen ,mary as the ,prince and ,princess of ,orange4 ,the passage is as follows3 ,a gallery1 where among the pictures of ,christian ,princes are those of ,king ,charles the ,second and his ,queen1 ,king ,james the ,second and his ,queen and the ,prince and ,princess of ,orange4 ,it would indeed seem strange that one who had thus referred to his ,king and ,queen should occupy so important a public office as ,speaker of the ,house of ,commons4 ,another ground of offence was that when in ,rome he kissed the ,pope's slipper4 ,although ,bromley was disappointed in #agje1 his time came2 and after the ,tory reaction consequent on the trial of ,sacheverell he was in #agaj chosen ,speaker without opposition4 ,there is a portrait of ,bromley in the ,university ,picture ,gallery in the ,bodleian at ,oxford4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,the ,,bad ,,indexer4 ,at the laundress's at the ,hole in the ,wall in ,cursitor's ,alley up three pair of stairs1 the author of my ,church history--you may also speak to the gentleman who lies by him in the flock bed1 my index maker4--,,swift',s ,account of the ,condition of ,edmund ,curll 7,instructions to a porter how to find ,mr4 ,curll's authors74 ,illustration3 ,bad indexers are everywhere1 and what is most singular is that each one makes the same sort of blunders--blunders which it would seem impossible that any one could make1 until we find these same blunders over and over again in black and white4 ,one of the commonest is to place the references under unimportant words1 for which no one would think of looking1 such as ,a and ,the4 ,the worst indexes of this class are often added to journals and newspapers4 ,a good instance of confusion will be found in the index to a volume of ,the ,freemason which is before me2 but this is by no means singular1 and certainly not the worst of its class4 ,under ,a we find the following entries3 ,afternoon ,outing of the ,skelmersdale ,lodge4 ,an ,oration delivered1 etc4 ,annual ,outing of the ,queen ,victoria ,lodge4 ,another ,masonic ,,ms4 ,under ,b3 ,bro4 ,bain's ,masonic ,library4 ,under ,f3 ,first ,ball of the ,fellowship ,lodge4 ,first ,ladies' ,night4 ,under ,i3 ,interesting ,extract from an ',old ,masonian's' ,letter4 ,under ,l3 ,ladies' ,banquet4 ,ladies' ,night4 ,ladies' ,summer ,outing4 ,late ,bro4 ,sir ,b4 ,w4 ,richardson4 ,under ,n3 ,new ,grand ,officers4 ,new ,home for ,keighley ,freemasons4 ,new ,masonic ,hall4 ,under ,o3 ,our ,portrait ,gallery4 ,under ,r3 ,recent ,festival4 ,under ,s3 ,send-off dinner4 ,summer ,festival4 ,summer ,outing4 ,under ,t3 ,third ,ladies' ,night4 ,under ,y3 ,ye olde ,masonians4 ,there are many other absurd headings1 but these are the worst instances4 ,they show the confusion of not only placing references where they would never be looked for1 but of giving similar entries all over the index under whatever heading came first to the mind of the indexer4 ,for instance1 there is one ,afternoon ,outing1 one ,annual ,outing1 one ,ladies' ,outing1 one ,summer ,outing1 and three other ,outings under ,o4 ,none of these have any references the one from the other4 ,there are a large number of indexes in which not only the best heading is not chosen1 but the very worst is4 ,thus1 choosing at random1 we find such an order as the following in an old volume of the ,canadian ,journal3 ,a ,monograph of the ,british ,spongiadae4 ,on the ,iodide of ,barium4 ,sir ,charles ,barry1 a ,biography4 ,the late ,professor ,boole4 ,the ,mohawk ,language4 ,the same misarrangement will sometimes be found even in standard ,english journals4 ,the edition of ,jewel's ,apology1 published by ,isaacson in #ahbe1 contains an index which is worthy of special remark4 ,it is divided into four alphabets1 referring respectively to 7#a7 ,life2 7#b7 ,apology2 7#c7 ,notes to ,life2 7#d7 ,notes to ,apology2 and this complicated machinery is attached to a book of only #bhf pages4 ,i think it is scarcely too much to say that there is hardly an entry in the index which would be of any use to the consulter4 ,a few examples will show that this is not an unfair judgment3 ,belief of a ,resurrection4 ,caution1 ,reformers proceeded with ,caution4 ,if ,protestants are ,heretics let the ,papists prove them so from ,scripture4 ,in withdrawing themselves from the ,church of ,rome1 ,protestants have not erred from ,christ and his ,apostles4 ,king ,john4 ,the ,pope assumes ,regal power and habit4 ,ditto employs spies4 ,that this idiotic kind of index 7which can be of no possible use to any one7 is not yet extinct may be seen in one of those daintily printed books of essays which are now so common4 ,in mercy ,i will not mention the title1 but merely say that it was published in #aija4 ,a few extracts will show the character of the work3 ,a ,book1 etc4 ,is public taste1 etc4 ,on reading old books4 ,the advantage1 etc4 ,the blessedness1 etc4 ,the ,book-stall ,reader4 ,the ,girl1 etc4 ,the ,long ,life1 etc4 ,the ,preservative1 etc4 ,the ,prosperity1 etc4 ,two ,classes of ,literature4 ,there are many instances of such bad indexes1 but it would be tedious to quote more of them4 ,the amazing thing is that many persons unconnected with one another should be found to do the same ridiculous work1 and suppose that by any possibility it could be of use to a single human being4 ,but what is even more astounding is to find intelligent editors passing such useless rubbish and wasting good type and paper upon it4 ,another prominent blunder in indexing periodicals is to follow in the index the divisions of the paper4 ,in an alphabetical index there should be no classification1 but the alphabet should be followed throughout4 ,nothing is so maddening to consult as an index in which the different divisions of the periodical are kept distinct1 with a separate alphabet under each4 ,it is hopeless to consult these1 and it is often easier to turn over the pages and look through the volume than to refer to the index4 ,the main object of an index is to bring together all the items on a similar subject which are separated in the book itself4 ,the indexes of some periodicals are good1 but those of the many are bad4 ,mr4 ,poole and his helpers1 who had an extensive experience of periodical literature1 made the following rule to be observed in the new edition of ,poole's ,index to ,periodical ,literature3 ,all references must be made from an inspection1 and if necessary the perusal of each article4 ,hence1 no use will be made of the index which is usually printed with the volume1 or of any other index4 ,those indexes were made by unskilful persons1 and are full of all sorts of errors4 ,it will be less work to discard them entirely than to supply their omissions and correct their errors4 ,this rule is sufficiently severe1 but it cannot be said that it is unjust4 ,miss ,hetherington1 who has had a singularly large experience of indexes to periodicals1 has no higher idea of these than ,mr4 ,poole4 ,in an article on ,the ,indexing of ,periodicals in the ,index to the ,periodical ,literature of the ,world for #ahib1 she gives a remarkable series of instances of absurd entries4 ,some of these are due to the vicious habit of trying to save trouble by cutting up the lists of contents1 and repeating the entries under different headings4 ,miss ,hetherington's examples are well worth repeating2 but as bad indexing is the rule1 it is scarcely worth while to gibbet any one magazine1 as most of them are equally bad4 ,it is only amazing how any one in authority can allow such absurdities as the following to be printed4 ,these six groups are from one magazine3 ,academy in ,africa1 ,a ,monkey's4 ,africa1 ,a ,monkey's ,academy in4 ,monkey's ,academy in ,africa1 ,a4 ,aspects1 ,the ,renaissance in its ,broader4 ,renaissance in its ,broader ,aspects1 ,the4 ,campaign1 ,his ,last1 and ,after4 ,his ,last ,campaign1 and ,after4 ,entertainment1 ,the ,triumph of the ,variety4 ,triumph of the ,variety ,entertainment1 ,the4 ,variety ,entertainment1 ,the ,triumph of the4 ,evicted ,tenants1 ,the ,irish1 ,are they ,knaves8 ,irish ,evicted ,tenants1 ,the1 ,are they ,knaves8 ,french ,revolution1 ,scenes from the4 ,revolution1 ,scenes from the ,french4 ,scenes from the ,french ,revolution4 ,miss ,hetherington adds1 respecting this particular magazine3 ,but the whole index might be quoted4 ,the indexer seems to have had three lists of contents for his purpose1 but he has not always dared to use more than two1 and so ,the ,irish ,evicted ,tenants do not figure under the class ,knaves4 ,the contributors are on another page1 with figures only against their names1 the cause of reference not being specified4 ,equally absurd1 and contrived on a similar system1 are the following entries from another magazine3 ,eastern ,desert on ,foot1 ,through an4 ,foot1 ,through an ,eastern ,desert on4 ,through an ,eastern ,desert on ,foot4 ,finds1 ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,sturgis's4 ,sturgis's ,finds1 ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,complexion6 ,what a ,pretty4 ,pretty ,complexion6 ,what a4 ,what a ,pretty ,complexion6 ,these two groups are from a very prominent magazine3 ,creek in ,demerara1 ,up a4 ,demerara1 ,up a ,creek in4 ,up a ,creek in ,demerara4 ,home1 ,the ,russians at4 ,russians at ,home1 ,the4 ,the ,russians at ,home4 ,in the foregoing1 by giving three entries1 one1 by chance1 may be correct2 but in the following case there are two useless references3 ,baron de ,marbot1 ,the ,memoirs of the4 ,memoirs of the ,baron de ,marbot1 ,the4 ,but nothing under ,marbot4 ,some indexers have a fancy for placing authors under their ,christian names1 as these three from one index4 ,philip ,bourke ,marston4 ,rudyard ,kipling4 ,walt ,whitman4 ,these entries are amusing3 ,foot in it1 ,on ,putting ,one's4 ,on ,putting ,one's ,foot in it4 ,surely it is strange that such absurdities as these should continue to be published6 ,mr4 ,poole drew attention to the evil1 and ,miss ,hetherington has done the same2 yet it continues1 and publishers are not ashamed to print such rubbish as that just instanced4 ,we may add a quite recent instance--viz4 ,longman's ,magazine for ,october1 #aija1 which contains an index to the thirty-eighth volume4 ,it occupies two pages in double columns1 and there are no duplicate entries4 ,in that small space ,i find these useless entries3 ,according to the ,code 7not under ,code74 ,disappearance of ,plants 7not under ,plants74 ,eighteenth ,century ,london through ,french ,eye-glasses 7not under ,london74 ,gilbert ,white 7not under ,white74 ,mission of ,mr4 ,rider ,haggard 7not under ,haggard74 ,some ,eighteenth ,century ,children's ,books 7not under ,children's ,books74 ,some ,notes on an ,examination 7not under ,examination74 99 99 99 99 99 ,the two chief causes of the badness of indexes are found-- #a4 ,in the original composition4 #b4 ,in the bad arrangement4 ,of the first cause little need be said4 ,the chief fault is due to the incompetence of the indexer1 shown by his use of trivial references1 his neglect of what should be indexed1 his introduction of what might well be left out1 his bad analysis1 and his bad headings4 ,the second cause is still more important1 because a competent indexer may prepare his materials well1 and keep clear of all the faults noticed above1 and yet spoil his work by neglect of a proper system of arrangement4 ,the chief faults under this second division consist of-- #a4 ,want of complete alphabetisation4 #b4 ,classification within the alphabet4 #c4 ,variety of alphabets4 #d4 ,want of cross references4 ,these are all considerable faults1 and will therefore bear being enlarged upon4 #a4 ,the want of complete alphabetisation is a great evil1 but it was very general at one time4 ,in some old indexes references are arranged under the first letter only4 ,in the index to a large and valuable map of ,england1 published at the beginning of this century1 the names of places are not arranged further than the third letter1 and this naturally gives great trouble to the consulter4 ,in order to save himself1 the compiler has given others a considerably greater amount of trouble4 ,in arranging entries in alphabetical order it is necessary to sort them to the most minute difference of spelling4 ,the alphabetical arrangement1 however1 has its difficulties1 which must be overcome2 for instance1 it looks awkward when the plural comes before the singular1 and the adjective before the substantive from which it is formed1 as naval and navies before navy4 ,in such cases it will be necessary to make a heading such as ,navy1 which will include the plural and the adjective4 ,the vowel ,i should be kept distinct from the consonant ,j1 and the vowel ,u from the consonant ,v4 ,more blunders have probably been made by the confusing of u and n in old books than from any other cause4 ,these letters are identical in early manuscripts1 and consequently the modern copyist has to decide which letter to choose1 and sometimes he blunders4 ,in ,capgrave's ,chronicles of ,england is a reference to the londe of ,iude1 but this is misspelt ,inde in the edition published in the ,master of the ,rolls' ,series in #aheh4 ,here is a simple misprint caused by the misreading of ,i for ,j and n for u2 but this can easily be set right4 ,the indexer1 however1 has enlarged it into a wonderful blunder4 ,under the letter ,i is the following curious piece of information3 ,india 444 conquered by ,judas ,maccabeus and his brethren1 #ef66 ,many more instances of this confusion of the letters u and n might be given1 some of them causing permanent confusion of names2 but two 7which are the complement of each other7 will suffice4 ,george ,london was a very eminent horticulturist in his day1 who at the ,revolution was appointed ,superintendent of the ,royal ,gardens2 but he can seldom get his name properly spelt because a later horticulturist has made the name of ,loudon more familiar4 ,in fact1 ,i was once called to account by a reviewer who supposed ,i had made a mistake in referring to ,london instead of ,loudon4 ,the reverse mistake was once made by the great ,duke of ,wellington4 ,c4 ,j4 ,loudon 7who wrote a very bad hand7 requested the ,duke to let him see the ,waterloo beeches at ,stratfieldsaye4 ,the letter puzzled ,wellington1 who knew nothing of the horticulturist1 and read ,c4 ,j4 ,loudon as ,c4 ,j4 ,london1 and beeches as breeches2 so he wrote off to the then ,bishop of ,london 7,dr4 ,blomfield7 to say that his ,waterloo breeches disappeared long ago4 #b4 ,classification within the alphabet4--,examples have already been given where the arrangement of the book is followed rather than the alphabetical order2 but these were instances of bad indexing1 and sometimes a good indexer fails in the same way1 thus showing how important is good arrangement4 ,an index of great complexity1 one full of scientific difficulties1 was once made by a very able man4 ,the precis was admirable1 and the various subjects were gathered together under their headings with great skill--in fact1 it could not well have been more perfect2 but it had one flaw which spoiled it4 ,the nature of the index necessitated a large number of subdivisions under the various chief headings2 these were arranged on a system clear to the compiler1 and probably a logical one to him4 ,but the user of the index had not the clue to this arrangement1 and he could not find his way through the complicated maze2 it was an unfortunate instance of extreme cleverness4 ,when the index was finished1 but before it was published1 a simple remedy for the confusion was suggested and carried out4 ,the whole of the subdivisions under each main heading were rearranged in perfect alphabetical order4 ,this was a heroic proceeding1 but it was highly successful1 and the rearranged index gave satisfaction1 and the same system was followed in other indexes that succeeded it4 #c4 ,variety of alphabets4--,an index should be one and indivisible1 and should not be broken up into several alphabets4 ,foreigners are greater sinners against this fundamental rule than ,englishmen1 and they almost invariably separate the author or persons from subjects4 ,sometimes1 however1 the division is not very carefully made1 for in the ,autoren ,register to ,carus' and ,engelmann's ,bibliography of ,zoology may be found the following entries3 ,schreiben1 ,schriften1 ,zu ,humboldt's ,cosmos1 ,zur ,fauna4 ,some ,english books are much divided4 ,thus the new edition of ,hutchins's ,dorset 7#ahgd7 has at the end eight separate indexes3 7#a7 ,places1 7#b7 ,pedigrees1 7#c7 ,persons1 7#d7 ,arms1 7#e7 ,blazons1 7#f7 ,glossarial1 7#g7 ,domesday1 7#h7 ,inquisitions4 ,the index to the original quarto edition of ,warton's ,history of ,english ,poetry 7#aggd7 has six alphabets1 but a general index compiled by ,thomas ,fillingham1 was published in #ahjd1 uniform with the work in quarto4 ,the general index to the ,annual ,register has as many as fourteen alphabets4 ,the general index to the ,reports of the ,british ,association is split up into six alphabets1 following the divisions of each volume4 #d4 ,want of cross references4--,although an alphabetical index should not be classified1 yet it is necessary to gather together the synonyms1 and place all the references under the best of these headings1 with cross references from the others4 ,for instance1 ,wealth should be under ,w1 ,finance under ,f1 and ,population under ,p2 and they should not all be grouped under ,political ,economy1 because each of these subjects is distinct and more conveniently found under the separate heading than under a grouped heading4 ,on the other hand1 entries relating to ,tuberculosis must not be scattered over the index under such headings as ,consumption1 ,decline1 and ,phthisis1 but be gathered together under the heading chosen1 with cross references from the others4 ,in bad indexes this rule is invariably broken1 and it must be allowed that the proper carrying out of this rule is very difficult1 so that where it is invariably adopted1 we have one of the best signs of a really good index4 ,bad indexers are usually much too haphazard in their work to insert cross references4 ,the careful use of cross references is next in importance to the selection of appropriate headings4 ,great judgment1 however1 is required1 as the consulters are naturally irritated by being referred backwards and forwards1 particularly in a large index4 ,at the same time1 if judiciously inserted1 such references are a great help4 ,mr4 ,poole says1 in an article on his own index in the ,library ,journal3 ,if every subject shall have cross references to its allies1 the work will be mainly a book of cross references rather than an index of subjects4 ,he then adds3 ,one correspondent gives fifty-eight cross references under ,mental ,philosophy1 and fifty-eight more might be added just as appropriate4 ,the indexer should be careful that his cross references are real1 but he has not always attended to this4 ,in ,eadie's ,dictionary of the ,bible 7#ahej7 there is a reference1 ,dorcas see ,tabitha1 but there is no entry under ,tabitha at all4 ,in ,cobbett's ,woodlands there is a good specimen of backwards and forwards cross referencing4 ,the author writes3 ,many years ago ,i wished to know whether ,i could raise birch trees from the seed4444 ,i then looked into the great book of knowledge1 the ,encyclopaedia ,britannica2 there ,i found in the general dictionary3 ',,birch ,,tree--,see ,betula 7,botany ,index74' ,i hastened to ,,betula with great eagerness1 and there ,i found3 ',,betula--,see ,beech tree4' ,that was all1 and this was pretty encouragement4 ,william ,morris used to make merry over the futility of some cross references4 ,he was using a print of an old ,english manuscript which was full of notes in explanation of self-evident passages1 but one difficult expression--viz4 ,the bung of a thrub chandler--was left unexplained4 ,in the index under ,bung there was a reference to ,thrub chandler1 and under ,thrub chandler another back to ,bung4 ,still the lexicographers are unable to tell us what kind of a barrel a thrub chandler really was4 ,i give this story on the authority of my friend1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,c4 ,cockerell4 ,no reference to the contents of a general heading which is without subdivision should be allowed unless of course the page is given4 ,there are too many vague cross references in the ,penny ,cyclopaedia where you are referred from the known to the unknown4 ,if a general heading be divided into sections1 and each of these be clearly defined1 they should be cross referenced1 but not otherwise4 ,at present you may look for ,pesth and be referred to ,hungary1 where probably there is much about ,pesth1 but you do not know where to look for it in the long article without some clue4 ,sometimes cross references are mere expedients1 particularly in the case of a cyclopaedia published in volumes or parts4 ,thus a writer agrees to contribute an article early in the alphabet1 but it is not ready in time for the publication of the part1 so a cross reference is inserted which sends the reader to a synonym later on in the alphabet4 ,in certain cases this has been done two or three times4 ,an instance occurs in the life of the distinguished bibliographer1 the late ,henry ,bradshaw 7than whom no one was more capable of producing a masterly article71 who undertook to write on ,printing in the ,encyclopaedia ,britannica4 ,when the time for publication arrived 7#ahhe71 ,bradshaw was not ready1 and in place of the article appeared the cross reference1 ,,printing1 ,,typographic--,see ,typography4 ,bradshaw died on ,february #aj1 #ahhf1 and the article on ,typography which was published in ,vol4 #bc in #ahhh1 was written by ,mr4 ,hessels4 ,cross referencing has its curiosities as well as other branches of our subject4 ,perhaps the most odd collection of cross references is to be found in ,serjeant ,william ,hawkins's ,pleas of the ,crown 7#agaf2 #eth ed41 #agga2 #gth ed41 #d vols41 #agie71 of which it was said in the ,monthly ,magazine for ,june1 #ahja 7p4 #dai73 ,a plain1 unlettered man is led to suspect that the writer of the volume and the writer of the index are playing at cross purposes4 ,the following are some of the most amusing entries3 ,cards see ,dice4 ,cattle see ,clergy4 ,chastity see ,homicide4 ,cheese see ,butter4 ,coin see ,high ,treason4 ,convicts see ,clergy4 ,death see ,appeal4 ,election see ,bribery4 ,farthings see ,halfpenny4 ,fear see ,robbery4 ,footway see ,nuisance4 ,honour see ,constable4 ,incapacity see ,officers4 ,king see ,treason4 ,knaves see ,words4 ,letters see ,libel4 ,london see ,outlawry4 ,shop see ,burglary4 ,sickness see ,bail4 ,threats see ,words4 ,westminster ,hall see ,contempt and ,lie4 ,writing see ,treason4 ,this arrangement of some of the cross references is perhaps scarcely fair4 ,they are spread over several elaborate indexes in the original1 and in their proper places do not strike one in the same way as when they are set out by themselves4 ,one of the instances given by the critic in the ,monthly ,magazine is unfairly cited4 ,it is there given as ,assault see ,son4 ,the cross reference really is1 ,assault see ,son ,assault4 ,hawkins's work is divided into two parts1 and the folio editions have two indexes1 one to each part2 the octavo edition has four indexes1 one to each volume4 ,the index to ,ford's ,handbook of ,spain contains an amusing reference3 ,wellington1 see ,duke4 ,besides these four divisions of the chief faults in indexing1 there are many other pitfalls gaping wide to receive the careless indexer4 ,names are a great difficulty1 but it is not necessary to refer to these more generally here1 as they are fully dealt with in the rules 7see ,chapter ,,vi47 ,it is not often that an ,english indexer has to index a ,french book1 but should he do so he would often need to be careful4 ,the ,frenchman does not care to leave that which he does not understand unexplained4 ,the translation of ,love's ,last ,shift as ,la ,derniere ,chemise de l',amour1 attributed by ,horace ,walpole to the ,dowager ,duchess of ,bolton in ,george ,i4's reign1 is probably an invention1 but some translations quite as amusing are genuine4 ,g4 ,brunet of ,bordeaux1 having occasion in his ,la ,france ,litteraire au ,,xve siecle to mention ,white ,knights1 at one time the seat of the ,duke of ,marlborough1 translates it into ,le ,chevalier ,blanc4 ,when ,dr4 ,buckland1 the geologist1 died1 a certain ,french paper published a biography of him in which it was explained that the deceased had been a very versatile writer1 for besides his work on geology he had produced one ,sur les ,ponts et ,chaussees4 ,this was a puzzling statement1 but it turned out to be a translation of ,bridgewater ,treatises1 in which series his ,geology and ,mineralogy was published in #ahcg4 ,sometimes contractions give trouble to the indexer1 and he must be careful not to fill them out unless he is sure of what they mean4 ,many blunders have been made in this way4 ,in the ,historie of ,edward ,,iv4 7#adga71 edited by that careful and trustworthy antiquary ,john ,bruce for the ,camden ,society in #ahch1 there is the following remarkable statement3 ,wherefore the ,kynge may say1 as ,julius ,caesar sayde1 he that is not agaynst me is with me4 ,this chapter might be made a very long one by instancing a series of badly indexed books1 but this would be a tedious recital devoid of any utility1 for the blunders and carelessness of the bad indexer are singularly alike in their futility4 ,it is nevertheless worth while to mention the index to ,peter ,cunningham's complete edition of ,walpole's ,letters1 because that work deserves a good index4 ,we may hope that when ,mrs4 ,toynbee publishes her new and complete edition of the ,letters1 she will add a really satisfactory index4 ,the present index is very bad and most irritating to the person who uses it4 ,examples of most of the careless and foolish blunders in indexing are to be found here2 for instance1 there are long lists of references without indication of the reason for any of them4 ,the same person is entered in two places if he is spoken of under slightly different names4 ,the same nobleman is referred to as ,lord ---- and as the ,earl of ----1 while sometimes a heading devoted to ,lord ---- contains references to two distinct men4 ,van ,eyck has one reference under ,van and another under ,eyck4 ,mrs4 ,godfrey is entered under both ,godfrey and ,la ,godfrey4 ,many other absurdities are to be found in the index1 but the extract of one heading will be sufficient to show how ill the arrangement is3 ,gower1 edition of1 ---- ,baptist ,leveson1 ---- ,countess of1 ---- ,dowager ,lady1 ---- ,duke of1 ---- ,earl of1 ---- ,john1 ,earl1 ---- ,lady1 ---- ,lady ,elizabeth1 ---- ,lady ,mary ,leveson1 ---- ,lord1 ---- ,richard ,leveson4 ,there is no authority at all for a ,duke of ,gower1 and if we look up the reference 7iv4 #ci7 we find that it refers to the late ,lord ,g----1 possibly the ,earl ,gower4 ,the confusion by which two persons are made into one has sometimes an evil consequence worse than putting the consulter of an index on the wrong scent1 for the character of an innocent person may be taken away by this means4 7,constance7 ,lady ,russell of ,swallowfield points out in ,notes and ,queries1 that in the index to ,familiar ,letters of ,sir ,walter ,scott 7#ahid7 there are three references under ,lady ,charlotte ,campbell1 one of which is to a ,lady ,c----1 really intended for the notorious ,lady ,conyngham1 mistress to ,george ,,iv4 ,in another index ,mary ,bellenden is described thus3 ,bellenden1 ,miss1 ,mistress of ,george ,,ii4 ,this is really too bad2 for the charming maid of honour called by ,gay ,smiling ,mary1 soft and fair as down1 turned a deaf ear to the importunities of the king1 as we know on the authority of ,horace ,walpole4 ,the index to ,lord ,braybrooke's edition of ,pepys's ,diary has many faults1 mostly due to bad arrangement2 but it must be allowed that there is a great difficulty in indexing a private diary such as this4 ,the diarist knew to whom he was referring when he mentioned ,mr4 or ,mrs4----2 but where there are two or more persons of the same name1 it is hard to distinguish between them correctly4 ,this has been a stumbling-block in the compilation of the index to the new edition1 in which a better system was attempted4 ,it has been said that a bad index is better than no index at all1 but this statement is open to question4 ,still1 all must agree that an indexless book is a great evil4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,markland is the authority for the declaration that the omission of an index when essential should be an indictable offence4 ,carlyle denounces the publishers of books unprovided with this necessary appendage2 and ,baynes1 the author of the ,archaeological ,epistle to ,dean ,mills 7usually attributed to ,mason71 concocted a terrible curse against such evil-doers4 ,the reporter was the learned ,francis ,douce1 who said to ,mr4 ,thoms3 ,sir1 my friend ,john ,baynes used to say that the man who published a book without an index ought to be damned ten miles beyond ,hell1 where the ,devil could not get for stinging-nettles4#aj ,lord ,campbell proposed that any author who published a book without an index should be deprived of the benefits of the ,copyright ,act2 and the ,hon4 ,horace ,binney1 ,,ll4,d41 a distinguished ,american lawyer1 held the same views1 and would have condemned the culprit to the same punishment4 ,those1 however1 who hold the soundest views sometimes fail in practice2 thus ,lord ,campbell had to acknowledge that he had himself sinned before the year #aheg4 #aj ,notes and ,queries1 #eth ,series1 ,,viii4 #hg4 ,these are the words written by ,lord ,campbell in the preface to the first volume of his ,lives of the ,chief ,justices 7#aheg73 ,i have only further to express my satisfaction in thinking that a heavy weight is now to be removed from my conscience4 ,so essential did ,i consider an index to be to every book1 that ,i proposed to bring a ,bill into ,parliament to deprive an author who publishes a book without an ,index of the privilege of copyright2 and moreover to subject him for his offence to a pecuniary penalty4 ,yet from difficulties started by my printers1 my own books have hitherto been without an ,index4 ,but ,i am happy to announce that a learned friend at the ,bar1 on whose accuracy ,i can place entire reliance1 has kindly prepared a copious index1 which will be appended to this work1 and another for a new stereotyped edition of the ,lives of the ,chancellors4 ,mr4 ,john ,morley1 in an article in the ,fortnightly ,review on ,mr4 ,russell's edition of ,matthew ,arnold's ,letters1 lifts up his voice against an indexless book4 ,he says3 ,one damning sin of omission ,mr4 ,russell has indeed perpetrated3 the two volumes have no index1 nor even a table of contents4#aa ,george ,selwyn and his ,contemporaries1 a most interesting but badly arranged book1 by ,john ,heneage ,jesse1 was published without an index1 and a new edition was issued 7#ahhb7 also without this necessary addition4 ,the student of the manners of the eighteenth century must constantly refer to this book1 and yet it is almost impossible to find in it what you want without great waste of labour4 ,i have found it necessary to make a manuscript index for my own use4 #aa ,quoted ,notes and ,queries1 #hth ,series1 ,,ix4 #dbe4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,the ,,good ,,indexer4 ,thomas ,norton was appointed ,remembrancer of the city of ,london in #aegj1 and directions were given to him that 'he shall gather together and reduce the same the ,bookes into ,indices1 ,tables or ,kalendars1 whereby they may be more easily1 readily and orderly founde4'--,analytical ,index to ,remembrancia1 p4 v4 ,illustration3 ,the acrostic ,i ,i ,n never ,d did ,e ensure ,x exactness made by a contributor to ,notes and ,queries as a motto for an index expresses very well the difficulties ever present to the indexer2 and the most successful will confess the truth that it contains1 however much others may consider his work to be good4 ,there are many indexes which are only of partial merit1 but which a little more care and experience on the part of the indexer would have made good4 ,if the medium indexer felt that indexing was work that must be done to the best of his ability1 and he studied the best examples1 he would gradually become a good indexer4 ,the famous bibliographer1 ,william ,oldys1 rated the labours of the diligent indexer very highly1 and expressed his views very clearly thus3 ,the labour and patience1 the judgment and penetration which are required to make a good index is only known to those who have gone through this most painful1 but least praised part of a publication4 ,but laborious as it is1 ,i think it is indispensably necessary to manifest the treasures of any multifarious collection1 facilitate the knowledge to those who seek it1 and invite them to make application thereof4#ab #ab ,notes and ,queries1 #bnd ,series1 ,,xi4 #cji4 ,similar sentiments were expressed by a writer in the ,monthly ,review which have been quoted by ,dr4 ,allibone in his valuable ,dictionary of ,english ,literature4#ac #ac ,vol4 i41 p4 #he4 ,the compilation of an index is one of those useful labours for which the public1 commonly better pleased with entertainment than with real service1 are rarely so forward to express their gratitude as we think they ought to be4 ,it has been considered a task fit only for the plodding and the dull3 but with more truth it may be said that this is the judgment of the idle and the shallow4 ,the value of anything1 it has been observed1 is best known by the want of it4 ,agreeably to this idea1 we1 who have often experienced great inconveniences from the want of indices1 entertain the highest sense of their worth and importance4 ,we know that in the construction of a good index1 there is far more scope for the exercise of judgment and abilities1 than is commonly supposed4 ,we feel the merits of the compiler of such an index1 and we are ever ready to testify our thankfulness for his exertions4 ,a goodly roll may be drawn up of eminent men who have not been ashamed to appear before the world as indexers4 ,in the first rank we must place the younger ,scaliger1 who devoted ten months on the compilation of an elaborate index to ,gruter's ,thesaurus ,inscriptionum4 ,bibliographers have been unanimous in praise of the energy exhibited by the great critic in undertaking so vast a labour4 ,antonio describes the index as a ,herculean work1 and ,le,clerc observes that if we think it surprising that so great a man should undertake so laborious a task we must remember that such indexes can only be made by a very able man4 ,nicolas ,antonio1 the compiler of one of the fullest and most accurate bibliographies ever planned1 was a connoisseur of indexes1 and wrote a short essay on the makers of them4 ,his ,bibliotheca ,hispana is not known so well as it deserves to be1 but those who use it find it one of the most trustworthy of guides4 ,the system upon which the authors' names are arranged is one that at first sight may seem to give cause for ridicule1 for they appear in an alphabet of ,christian names2 but when we consider that the ,spaniards and ,portuguese stand alone among ,european nations in respect to the importance they pay to the ,christian name1 and remember1 further1 that authors and others are often alluded to by their ,christian names alone1 we shall see a valid reason for the plan4 ,another point that should not be forgotten is the number of ,spanish authors who have belonged to the religious orders and are never known by their surnames4 ,this arrangement1 however1 necessitates a full index of surnames1 and ,antonio has given one which was highly praised both by ,baillet and ,bayle1 two men who were well able to form an opinion4 ,juan de ,pineda's ,monarchia ,ecclesiastica o historia ,universal del ,mundo 7,salamanca1 #aehh7 has a very curious and valuable table which forms the fifth volume of the whole set2 and the three folio volumes of indexes in one alphabet to the ,annales ,ecclesiastici of ,baronius form a noble work4 ,samuel ,jeake1 senior1 compiled a valuable work on ,arithmetick in #afgd1 which was published by his son in #afif3 ,greek3 ,logistikelogia2 or1 ,arithmetick ,surveighed and ,reviewed4 ,professor ,de ,morgan specially refers to this book in his ,arithmetical ,books1 saying3 ,those who know the value of a large book with a good index will pick this one up when they can4 ,he praises it on account of the value of the information it contains and the fulness of the references to that information4 ,the alphabetical table1 directing to some special points noted in the precedent treatise1 was probably the work of ,samuel ,jeake1 junior4 ,the author's epistle is dated from ,rye1 #afgd1 and one of the entries is curious3 ,winchelsea1 when drowned #gd4 ,s4 ,jeake being a resident at ,rye had an interesting note to add to this3 ,among the records of this town of ,rye is a ,memorandum entered that the year old ,winchelsea was drowned 7#abhg7 corn was #bs4 the quarter4 ,thomas ,carlyle denounced the putters forth of indexless books1 and his sincerity is proved by the publication in #ahgd of a separate index to the people's edition of his ,works4 ,in his introduction to ,cromwell's ,letters and ,speeches he is very severe on some of the old folios he was forced to use3 ,the ,rushworths1 ,whitelocks1 ,nalsons1 ,thurloes2 enormous folios1 these and many other have been printed and some of them again printed but never yet edited1--edited as you edit wagon-loads of broken bricks1 and dry mortar simply by tumbling up the wagon6 ,not one of those monstrous old volumes has so much as an index4 ,it is the general rule of editing on this matter4 ,if your editor correct the press1 it is an honourable distinction4 ,a very eminent name may be added to the list of indexers1 for1 when a boy of fifteen1 ,macaulay made the index to a volume of the ,christian ,observer 7of which periodical his father was editor71 and this he introduced to the notice of ,hannah ,more in these words3 ,to add to the list1 my dear ,madam1 you will soon see a work of mine in print4 ,do not be frightened2 it is only the ,index to the thirteenth volume of the ,christian ,observer1 which ,i have had the honour of composing4 ,index-making1 though the lowest1 is not the most useless round in the ladder of literature2 and ,i pride myself upon being able to say that there are many readers of the ,christian ,observer who could do without ,walter ,scott's works1 but not without those of1 my dear ,madam1 your affectionate friend1 ,,thomas ,b4 ,,macaulay4 ,although proud of his work1 ,macaulay places index-making in a very low position4 ,in later life he used a contemptuous expression when he was describing the appearance of those who followed the lowest grade in the literary profession4 ,the late ,mr4 ,h4 ,campkin1 a veteran indexer1 quotes this description in the preface to one of his valuable indexes--that to the twenty-five volumes of the ,sussex ,archaeological ,collections3 ,the compilation of ,indexes will always and naturally so1 be regarded as a humble art2 'index-makers in ragged coats of frieze' are classed by ,lord ,macaulay as the very lowest of the frequenters of the coffee houses of the ,dryden and ,swift era4 ,yet ''tis my vocation1 ,hal1' and into very pleasant companionship it has sometimes brought me1 and if in this probably the last of my twenty-five years' labours in this direction1 ,i have succeeded in furnishing a fairly practicable key to a valuable set of volumes1 my frieze coat1 how tattered soever signifieth not1 will continue to hang upon my shoulders not uncomfortably4 ,though he did not rate highly the calling of the indexer1 ,macaulay knew that that lowly mortal has a considerable power in his hand if he chooses to use it1 for he can state in a few words what the author may have hidden in verbiage1 and he can so arrange his materials as to turn an author's own words against himself4 ,hence ,macaulay wrote to his publishers1 ,let no d---- ,tory make the index to my ,history4 ,when the index was in progress he appears to have seen the draught1 which was fuller than he thought necessary4 ,he therefore wrote to ,messrs4 ,longmans3 ,i am very unwilling to seem captious about such a work as an ,index4 ,by all means let ,mr4 ---- go on4 ,but offer him with all delicacy and courtesy1 from me this suggestion4 ,i would advise him to have very few heads1 except proper names4 ,a few there must be1 such as ,convocation1 ,nonjurors1 ,bank of ,england1 ,national ,debt4 ,these are heads to which readers who wish for information on these subject will naturally turn4 ,but ,i think that ,mr4 ---- will on consideration perceive that such heads as ,priestcraft1 ,priesthood1 ,party spirit1 ,insurrection1 ,war1 ,bible1 ,crown1 ,controversies1 ,dissent1 are quite useless4 ,nobody will ever look for them2 and if every passage in which party-spirit1 dissent1 the art of war1 and the power of the ,crown are mentioned1 is to be noticed in the ,index1 the size of the volumes will be doubled4 ,the best rule is to keep close to proper names1 and never to deviate from that rule without some special occasion4#ad #ad ,trevelyan's ,life and ,letters of ,macaulay1 chap4 xi4 ,these remarks exhibit ,macaulay's eminently common-sense view of the value of an index1 but it is evident that he did not realise the possibility of a good and full index such as might have been produced4 ,the ,history of ,england1 with all its wealth of picturesque illustration1 deserves a full index compiled by some one capable of exhibiting the spirit of that great work in a brilliant analysis4 ,sir ,george ,trevelyan's delightful ,life of his uncle was originally published without an index1 and ,mr4 ,perceval ,clark made an admirable one1 both full and interesting1 which was issued by the ,index ,society in #ahha4 ,mr4 ,clark writes in his preface3 ,the single heading ,,macaulay of course takes up a large space of the ,index1 and will be found1 together with a few other headings1 to contain everything directly touching him4 ,the list of his published writings refers of course only to writings mentioned by his ,biographer1 and lays no claim to be considered an exhaustive bibliography of his works4 ,the books ,macaulay read that were 'mostly trash' have their places in the body of the ,index1 while those that stood by him in all vicissitudes as comforters1 nurses1 and companions1 have half a page to themselves under one of the sections of ,,macaulay4 ,the particulars of his life and work in ,india are given under ,,india2 localities in ,london under ,,london2 various newspapers under ,,newspapers1 and certain ,french and ,italian towns visited by ,macaulay under their countries respectively4 ,just such an index one would like to see of the ,history of ,england4 ,it may be added that the popular edition of the ,life published subsequently has an index4 ,a large number of official indexes are excellent1 although some very bad ones have been printed4 ,still1 it may be generally stated that in ,government ,departments there are those in power who know the value of a good digest1 and understand that it is necessary to employ skilled labour4 ,the work is well paid1 and therefore not scamped2 and plenty of room is devoted to the index1 which is printed in a satisfactory manner in type well set out4 ,we have no modern statistics to offer1 but the often quoted statement that in #aggh a total of ,l#ab1jjj was voted for indexes to the ,journals of the ,house of ,commons shows that the value of indexes was appreciated by ,parliament in the eighteenth century4 ,the items of this amount were3 ,to ,mr4 ,edward ,moore ,l#fdjj as a final compensation for thirteen years labour2 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,forster ,l#cjjj for nine years' labour2 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,roger ,flaxman ,l#cjjj for nine years' labour2 and ,l#ejj to ,mr4 ,cunningham4 ,one of the most admirable applications of index making is to be found in the series of ,calendars of ,state ,papers issued under the sanction of the ,master of the ,rolls1 which have made available to all a mass of historical material of unrivalled value4 ,how many students have been grateful for the indexes to these calendars1 and also for the aid given to him by the indexes to ,parliamentary papers and other ,government publications6 ,it is impossible to mention all the good official indexes1 but a special word of praise must be given to the indexes to the ,statutes of the ,realm1 the folio edition published by the ,record ,commission4 ,i have often consulted the ,alphabetical ,index to the ,statutes from ,magna ,charta to the ,end of the ,reign of ,queen ,anne 7#ahbd7 with the greatest pleasure and profit4 ,it is a model of good workmanship4 ,the lawyers have analytical minds1 and they know how important full indexes and digests are to complete their stock-in-trade4 ,they have done much1 but there is still much to be done4 ,lord ,thring drew up some masterly instructions for an index to the ,statute ,law1 which is to be considered as a step towards a code4 ,these instructions conclude with these weighty words3 ,let no man imagine that the construction of an index to the ,statute ,law is a mere piece of mechanical drudgery1 unworthy of the energy and ability of an accomplished lawyer4 ,next to codification1 the most difficult task that can be accomplished is to prepare a detailed plan for a code1 as distinct from the easy task of devising a theoretical system of codification4 ,now the preparation of an index1 such as has been suggested in the above instructions1 is the preparation of a detailed plan for a code4 ,each effective title1 is in effect1 a plan for the codification of the legal subject-matter grouped under that title1 and the whole index if completed would be a summary of a code arranged in alphabetical order4#ae #ae ,these instructions1 with specimens of the proposed index1 are printed in the ,law ,magazine for ,august1 #ahgg1 #dth ,series1 vol4 #h1 p4 #dia4 ,that this question of digesting the law is to be considered as one which should interest all classes of ,englishmen1 and not the lawyer only1 may be seen from an article in the ,nineteenth ,century 7,september1 #ahgg7 on the ,improvement of the ,law by ,private ,enterprise1 by the late ,sir ,james ,fitzjames ,stephen1 who did so much towards a complete digest of the law4 ,he wrote3 ,i have long believed that the law might by proper means be relieved of this extreme obscurity and intricacy1 and might be displayed in its true light as a subject of study of the deepest possible interest1 not only to every one who takes an interest in politics or ethics1 or in the application of logic and metaphysics to those subjects4 ,in short1 ,i think that nothing but the rearrangement and condensation of the vast masses of matter contained in our law libraries is required1 in order to add to human knowledge what would be practically a new department of the highest and most permanent interest4 ,law holds in suspension both the logic and the ethics1 which are in fact recognised by men of business and men of the world as the standards by which the practice of common life ought to be regulated1 and by which men ought to form their opinions in all their most important temporal affairs4 ,it would be a far greater service to mankind than many people would suppose to have these standards clearly defined and brought within the reach of every one who cared to study them4 ,the following remarks will apply with equal force to a more general and universal index than that of the law3 ,the preparation of a digest either of the whole or of any branch of the law is work of a very peculiar kind4 ,it is one of the few literary undertakings in which a number of persons can really and effectively work together4 ,any given subject may1 it is true1 be dealt with in a variety of different ways2 but when the general scheme1 according to which it is to be treated1 has been determined on1 when the skeleton of the book has been drawn out1 plenty of persons might be found to do the work of filling up the details1 though that work is very far from being easy or matter of routine4 ,the value of analytical or index work is set in a very strong light by an observation of ,sir ,james ,stephen respecting the early digesters of the law4 ,the origin of ,english law is to be found in the year-books and other series of old reports1 which from the language used in them and the black-letter printing with its contractions1 etc41 are practically inaccessible4 ,lord ,chief ,justice ,coke and others who reduced these books into form are in consequence treated as ultimate authorities1 although the almost worshipped ,coke is said by ,sir ,james to be one of the most confused1 pedantic1 and inaccurate of men4 ,a good index is that to the ,works of ,jeremy ,bentham1 published in #ahdc under the dictation of ,sir ,john ,bowring4 ,the ,analytical ,index to the ,works of ,jeremy ,bentham and to the ,memoirs and ,correspondence was compiled by ,j4 ,h4 ,burton1 to whom it does great credit4 ,the indexer prefixed a sensible note1 where he writes3 ,in some instances it would have been impossible to convey a notion of the train of reasoning followed by the author1 without using his own words1 and in these no attempt has been made to do more than indicate the place where the subject is discussed4 ,in other cases where it has appeared to the compiler that an intelligible analysis has been made1 he may have failed in his necessarily abbreviated sentences in embodying the meaning of the original1 but defects of this description are indigenous to ,indexes in general4 ,but here all is utility1 and it is to the literary index that we turn for pleasure as well as instruction4 ,the index to ,ruskin's ,fors ,clavigera1 vols4 #a-h 7#ahhg71 is a most interesting book1 especially to ,ruskin admirers4 ,there are some specially delightful original and characteristic references under the heading of ,london1 such as the following3 ,london1 ,fifty square miles outside of1 demoralised by upper classes ---- ,its middle classes compare unfavourably with apes ---- ,some blue sky in1 still ---- ,hospital named after ,christ's native village in1 ---- ,honestest journal of1 ,punch4 ---- crossings1 what would they be without benevolent police8 ,the index is well made and the references are full of life and charm1 but the whole is spoilt by the bad arrangement4 ,the entries are set out in single lines under the headings in the successive order of the pages4 ,this looks unsystematic1 as they ought to be arranged in alphabet4 ,when the references are given in the order of the pages they should be printed in block4 ,there are several entries commencing with 's2 thus1 under ,,st4 ,,george4 p4 #chf3 's war of ,hanover ,square4 p4 #chg3 's ,square 's1 ,hanover ,square p4 #chi3 's law 's school 's message 's ,chapel at ,venice4 ,in long headings that occupy separate pages these are repeated at the top of the page1 but the headings are not sufficiently full3 thus the saints are arranged in alphabet under ,s2 ,george commences on page #chf4 ,on p4 #chg3 ,saint--,saints continued story of1 p4 #chh3 what of gold etc4 he thinks good for people1 they shall have p4 #chi3 tenth part of fortunes for p4 #cij3 his creed p4 #cia3 loss of a good girl for his work ,in the case of all the references on these pages you have to go back to page #chf to find out to whom they refer4 ,there is a particularly bad block of references filling half a page under ,lord4 ,lord1 ,high ,chancellor1 #g4f2 's ,prayer vital to a nation1 #g4bb2 ,mayor and ,corporation1 c of ,hosts4 ,it is a pity that an interesting index should be thus marred by bad arrangement4 ,dr4 ,birkbeck ,hill's complete index to his admirable edition of ,boswell's ,life of ,johnson is a delightful companion to the work1 and may be considered as a model of what an index should be2 for compilation1 arrangement1 and printing all are good4 ,under the different headings are capital abstracts in blocks4 ,there are sub-headings in alphabet under the main heading ,johnson4 ,a charming appendix to the index consists of ,dicta ,philosophi3 ,a ,concordance of ,johnson's ,sayings4 ,dr4 ,hill writes in his preface3 ,in my ,index1 which has cost me many months' heavy work1 'while ,i bore burdens with dull patience and beat the track of the alphabet with sluggish resolution1' ,i have1 ,i hope1 shown that ,i am not unmindful of all that ,i owe to men of letters4 ,to the dead we cannot pay the debt of gratitude that is their due4 ,some relief is obtained from its burthen1 if we in our turn make the men of our own generation debtors to us4 ,the plan on which my ,index is made1 will ,i trust be found convenient4 ,by the alphabetical arrangement in the separate entries of each article the reader1 ,i venture to think1 will be greatly facilitated in his researches4 ,certain subjects ,i have thought it best to form into groups4 ,under ,america1 ,france1 ,ireland1 ,london1 ,oxford1 ,paris and ,scotland1 are gathered together almost all the references to those subjects4 ,the provincial towns of ,france1 however1 by some mistake ,i did not include in the general article4 ,one important but intentional omission ,i must justify4 ,in the case of the quotations in which my notes abound ,i have not thought it needful in the ,index to refer to the book unless the eminence of the author required a separate and a second entry4 ,my labour would have been increased beyond all endurance and my ,index have been swollen almost into a monstrosity had ,i always referred to the book as well as to the matter which was contained in the passage that ,i extracted4 ,though in such a variety of subjects there must be many omissions1 yet ,i shall be greatly disappointed if actual errors are discovered4 ,every entry ,i have made myself1 and every entry ,i have verified in the proof sheets1 not by comparing it with my manuscript1 but by turning to the reference in the printed volumes4 ,some indulgence nevertheless may well be claimed and granted4 ,if ,homer at times nods1 an index maker may be pardoned1 should he in the fourth or fifth month of his task at the end of a day of eight hours' work grow drowsy4 ,may ,i fondly hope that to the maker of so large an index will be extended the gratitude which ,lord ,bolingbroke says was once shown to lexicographers8 ',i approve1' writes his lordship1 'the devotion of a studious man at ,christ ,church1 who was overheard in his oratory entering into a detail with ,god1 and acknowledging the divine goodness in furnishing the world with makers of dictionaries4' ,it is impossible to speak too highly of ,dr4 ,hill's indexes to ,boswell's ,life of ,johnson and ,boswell's ,letters and ,johnson ,miscellanies4 ,not only are they good indexes in themselves1 but an indescribable literary air breathes over every page1 and gives distinction to the whole4 ,the index volume of the ,life is by no means the least interesting of the set1 and one instinctively thinks of the once celebrated ,spaniard quoted by the great bibliographer ,antonio--that the index of a book should be made by the author1 even if the book itself were written by some one else4 ,the very excellence of this index has been used as a cause of complaint against its compiler4 ,it has been said that everything that is known of ,johnson can be found in the index1 and therefore that the man who uses it is able to pose as a student1 appearing to know as much as he who knows his ,boswell by heart2 but this is somewhat of a joke1 for no useful information can be gained unless the book to which the index refers is searched1 and he who honestly searches ceases to be a smatterer4 ,it is absurd to deprive earnest readers of a useful help lest reviewers and smatterers misuse it4 ,boswell himself made the original index to the ,life of ,johnson1 which has several characteristic signs of its origin4 ,mr4 ,percy ,fitzgerald1 in his edition 7#ahgd71 reprints the original ,table of ,contents to the ,life of ,johnson1 with this note3 ,this is ,mr4 ,boswell's own ,index1 the paging being altered to suit the present edition2 and the reader will see that it bears signs of having been prepared by ,mr4 ,boswell himself4 ,in the second edition he made various additions1 as well as alterations1 which are characteristic in their way4 ,thus1 ',lord ,bute' is changed into 'the ,earl of ,bute1' and ',francis ,barber' into ',mr4 ,francis ,barber4' ,after ,mrs4 ,macaulay's name he added1 ',johnson's acute and unanswerable refutation of her levelling reveries'2 and after that of ,hawkins he put 'contradicted and corrected4' ,there are also various little compliments introduced where previously he had merely given the name4 ,such as ',temple1 ,mr41 the author's old and most intimate friend'2 ',vilette1 ,reverend ,mr41 his just claims on the publick'2 ',smith1 ,captain1 his attention to ,johnson at ,warley ,camp'2 ',somerville1 ,mr41 the authour's warm and grateful remembrance of him'2 ',hall1 ,general1 his politeness to ,johnson at ,warley ,camp'2 ',heberden1 ,dr41 his kind attendance on ,johnson4' ,on the other hand1 ,lord ,eliot's 'politeness to ,johnson' which stands in the first edition1 is cut down in the second to the bald ',eliot1 ,lord'2 while ',loughborough1 ,lord1 his talents and great good fortune1' may have seemed a little offensive1 and was expunged4 ,the ,literary ,club was reverentially put in capitals4 ,there are also such odd entries as ',brutus1 a ruffian1' c4 ,one wishes that there were more indexes like ,dr4 ,hill's in the world2 and since ,i made an index to ,shelley's works1 ,i have often thought that a series of indexes of great authors would be of inestimable value4 ,first1 all the author's works should be indexed1 then his biographies1 and lastly the anecdotes and notices in reviews and other books4 ,how valuable would such books be in the study of our greatest poets6 ,the plan is quite possible of attainment1 and the indexes would be entertaining in themselves if made fairly full4 ,it is not possible to refer to all the good indexes that have been produced1 for they are too numerous4 ,a very remarkable index is that of the publications of the ,parker ,society by ,henry ,gough1 which contains a great mass of valuable information presented in a handy form4 ,it is the only volume issued by the society which is sought after1 as the books themselves are a drug in the market4 ,mr4 ,gough was employed to make an index to the publications of the ,camden ,society1 which would have been of still more value on account of the much greater interest of the books indexed2 but the expense of printing the index was too great for the funds of the society1 and it had to be abandoned1 to the great loss of the literary world4 ,most of the archaeological societies1 commencing with the ,society of ,antiquaries1 have issued excellent indexes1 and the scientific societies also have produced indexes of varying merit4 ,the esteem in which the indexes of ,notes and ,queries are held is evidenced by the high prices they realise when they occur for sale4 ,mr4 ,tedder's full indexes to the ,reports of the ,conference of ,librarians and the ,library ,association may also be mentioned4 ,a very striking instance of the great value which a general index of a book may possess as a distinct work can be seen in the ,index to the first ten volumes of ,book ,prices ,current 7#ahhg-ahif71 constituting a reference list of subjects and incidentally a key to ,anonymous and ,pseudonymous ,literature1 ,london1 #aija4 ,here1 in one alphabet1 is a brief bibliography of the books sold in ten years well set out1 and the dates of the distinctive editions clearly indicated4 ,the compilation of this index must have been a specially laborious work1 and does great credit to ,william ,jaggard1 of ,liverpool1 the compiler4 ,the authorities of the ,clarendon ,press1 ,oxford1 are to be highly commended for their conduct in respect to the index to ,ranke's ,history of ,england4 ,this was attached to the sixth volume of the work published in #ahge4 ,it is by no means a bad index in itself2 but a revised index was issued in #ahig1 which is a greatly improved edition by the addition of dates and fuller descriptions and ,christian names and titles to the persons mentioned4 ,the new index is substantially the same as the old one1 but the reviser has gone carefully through it1 improving it at all points1 by which means it was extended over an additional twenty-three pages4 ,it is instructive to compare the two editions4 ,four references as they appear in the two will show the improvement3 ,old index4 ,new index4 ,lower ,house4 ,lower ,house see ,commons1 ,house of4 ,window tax v4 #ajb4 ,window tax1 imposed #afie v4 #ajb4 ,witt1 ,john de4 ,witt1 ,cornelius de4 ,witt1 ,cornelius de4 ,witt1 ,john de4 ,miss ,hetherington has very justly explained the cause of bad indexing4 ,she says that it has been stated in the ,review of ,reviews that the indexer is born1 not made1 and that the present writer said3 ,an ideal indexer needs many qualifications2 but unlike the poet he is not born1 but made6 ,she then adds to these differing opinions3 ,more truly he is born and made4 ,i agree to the correction and forswear my former heresy4 ,certainly the indexer requires to be born with some of the necessary qualities innate in him1 and then he requires to have those qualities turned to a practical point by the study of good examples1 so as to know what to follow and what to avoid4 ,miss ,hetherington goes on to say3 ,as a matter of fact1 people without the first necessary qualifications1 or any aptitude whatever for the work are set to compile indexes1 and the work is regarded as nothing more than purely mechanical copying that any hack may do4 ,so long as indexing and cataloguing are treated with contempt rather than as arts not to be acquired in a day1 or perhaps a year1 and so long as authors and their readers are indifferent to good work1 will worthless indexing continue4#af #af ,index to the ,periodical ,literature of the ,world 7#ahib74 ,what1 then1 are the chief characteristics that are required to form a good indexer8 ,i think they may be stated under five headings3 #a4 ,common-sense4 #b4 ,insight into the meaning of the author4 #c4 ,power of analysis4 #d4 ,common feeling with the consulter and insight into his mind1 so that the indexer may put the references he has drawn from the book under headings where they are most likely to be sought4 #e4 ,general knowledge1 with the power of overcoming difficulties4 ,the ignorant man cannot make a good index4 ,the indexer will find that his miscellaneous knowledge is sure to come in useful1 and that which he might doubt would ever be used by him will be found to be helpful when least expected4 ,it may seem absurd to make out that the good indexer should be a sort of ,admirable ,crichton4 ,there can be no doubt1 however1 that he requires a certain amount of knowledge2 and the good cataloguer and indexer1 without knowing everything1 will be found to possess a keen sense of knowledge4 ,as ,i owe all my interest in bibliography and indexing to him1 ,i may perhaps be allowed to introduce the name of my elder brother1 the late ,mr4 ,b4 ,r4 ,wheatley1 a ,vice-,president of the ,library ,association1 as that of a good indexer4 ,he devoted his best efforts to the advancement of bibliography4 ,when fresh from school he commenced his career by making the catalogue of one of the parts of the great ,heber ,catalogue4 ,he planned and made one of the earliest of indexes to a library catalogue--that of the ,athenaeum ,club4 ,he made one of the best of indexes to the transactions of a society in that of the ,statistical ,society1 which he followed by indexes of the ,transactions of the ,royal ,medical and ,chirurgical ,society1 ,clinical1 and other societies4 ,he also made an admirable index to ,tooke's ,history of ,prices--a work of great labour1 which met with the high approval of the authors1 ,thomas ,tooke and ,william ,newmarch4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,chapter ,v4 ,,different ,,classes ,,of ,,indexes4 ,of all your talents you are a most amazing man at ,indexes4 ,what a flag too1 do you hang out at the stern6 ,you must certainly persuade people that the book overflows with matter1 which 7to speak the truth7 is but thinly spread4 ,but ,i know all this is fair in trade1 and you have a right to expect that the publick should purchase freely when you reduce the whole book into an epitome for their benefit2 ,i shall read the index with pleasure4--,,william ,,clarke ,,to ,,william ,,bowyer1 ,,nichols',s ,literary ,anecdotes1 vol4 #c1 p4 #df4 ,illustration3 ,in dealing with the art of the indexer it is most important to consider the different classes of indexes4 ,there are simple indexes1 such as those of names and places1 which only require care and proper alphabetical arrangement4 ,the makers of these often plume themselves upon their work2 but they must remember that the making of these indexes can only be ranked as belonging to the lowest rung of the index ladder4 ,the easiest books to index are those coming within the classes of ,history1 ,travel1 ,topography1 and generally those that deal almost entirely with facts4 ,the indexing of these is largely a mechanical operation1 and only requires care and judgment4 ,verbal indexes and concordances are fairly easy when the plan is settled2 but they are often works of great labour1 and the compilers deserve great credit for their perseverance4 ,john ,marbeck stands at the head of this body of indefatigable workers who have placed the world under the greatest obligations4 ,he was the first to publish a concordance of the ,bible1#ag to be followed nearly two centuries later by the work of ,alexander ,cruden1 whose name has almost become a synonym for a concordance4 ,after the ,bible come the works of ,shakespeare1 indexed by ,samuel ,ayscough 7#agij71 ,francis ,twiss 7#ahje71 ,mrs4 ,cowden ,clarke 7#ahde71 and ,mr4 ,john ,bartlett1 who published in #ahid a still fuller concordance than that of ,mrs4 ,clarke4 ,it is a vast quarto volume of #a1iaj pages in double columns1 and represents an enormous amount of self-denying labour4 ,dr4 ,alexander ,schmidt's ,shakespeare ,lexicon 7#ahgd7 is something more than a concordance1 for it is a dictionary as well4 #ag ,a ,concordance1 that is to saie1 a worke wherein by the ordre of the letters of the ,,abc ye maie redely finde any worde conteigned in the whole ,bible1 so often as it is there expressed or mencioned 444 anno #aeej4--;,folio4 ,a dictionary is an index of words4 ,we do not mention dictionaries in this connection to insist on the fact that they are indexes of words1 but rather to point out that a dictionary such as those of ,liddell and ,scott1 ,littre1 ,murray1 and ,bradley1 reaches the high watermark of index work1 and so the ordinary indexer is able to claim that he belongs to the same class as the producers of such masterpieces as these4 ,scientific books are the most difficult to index2 but here there is a difference between the science of fact and the science of thought1 the latter being the most difficult to deal with4 ,the indexing of books of logic and ethics will call forth all the powers of the indexer and show his capabilities2 but what we call the science of fact contains opinions as well as facts1 and some branches of political economy are subjects by no means easy to index4 ,some authors indicate their line of reasoning by the compilation of headings4 ,this is a great help to the indexer2 but if the author does not present such headings1 the indexer has to make them himself1 and he therefore needs the abilities of the precis-writer4 ,there are indexes of ,books1 of ,transactions1 ,periodicals1 etc41 and indexes of ,catalogues4 ,each of these classes demands a different method4 ,a book must be thoroughly indexed2 but the index of ,journals and ,transactions may be confined to the titles of the papers and articles4 ,it is1 however1 better to index the contents of the essays as well as their titles4 ,before the indexer commences his work he must consider whether his index is to be full or short4 ,sometimes it is not necessary to adopt the full index--frequently it is too expensive a luxury for publisher or author2 but the short index can be done well if necessary4 ,whatever plan is followed1 the indexer must use his judgment4 ,this ought to be the marked characteristic of the good indexer4 ,the bad indexer is entirely without this great gift4 ,while trying to be complete1 the indexer must reject the trivial2 and this is not always easy4 ,he must not follow in the steps of the lady who confessed that she only indexed those points which specially interested her4 ,we have fair warning of incompleteness in ,the ,register of ,corpus ,christi ,guild1 ,york1 published by the ,surtees ,society in #ahgb1 where we read1 on page #cba3 ,this ,index contains the names of all persons mentioned in the appendix and foot-notes1 but a selection only is given of those who were admitted into the ,guild or enrolled in the ,obituary4 ,the plan here adopted is not to be commended1 for it is clear that so important a name-list as this is should be thoroughly indexed4 ,however learned and judicious an editor may be1 we do not choose to submit to his judgment in the offhand decision of what is and what is not important4 ,there is a considerable difference in the choice of headings for a general or special index--say1 for instance1 in indexing electrical subjects the headings would differ greatly in the indexes of the ,institution of ,civil ,engineers or of the ,institution of ,electrical ,engineers4 ,in the former1 dynamos1 transformers1 secondary or storage batteries1 alternate and continuous currents would probably be grouped under the general heading of ,electricity1 while in the latter we shall find ,dynamos under ,d1 ,transformers under ,t1 ,batteries under ,b1 ,alternate under ,a1 and ,continuous under ,c4 ,the indexes to catalogues of libraries1 etc41 are among the most difficult of indexes to compile4 ,it was not usual to attach an index of subjects to a catalogue of authors until late years1 and that to the ,catalogue of the ,athenaeum ,club ,library 7#ahea7 is an early specimen4 ,the ,new ,york ,state ,library ,catalogue 7#ahef7 has an index1 as have those of the ,royal ,medical and ,chirurgical ,society 7#ahfj7 and the ,london ,library 7#ahfe and #ahge74 ,that appended to the ,catalogue of the ,manchester ,free ,library 7#ahfd7 is more a short list of titles than an index4 ,there are special difficulties attendant on the indexing of catalogues4 ,books are written in many languages1 and there is considerable trouble in bringing together the books on a given subject produced in many countries4 ,the titles of books are not drawn up on the same system or with any wish to help the indexer4 ,titles are seldom straightforward1 for they are largely concocted to attract the readers1 without any honest wish to express correctly the nature of the contents of the book4 ,they are usually either too short or too enigmatical4 ,the titles of pamphlets1 again1 are often too long2 and it may be taken as an axiom that the longer the title the less important the book4 ,the indexer1 however1 has a great advantage over the cataloguer1 because the latter is bound by bibliographical etiquette not to alter the title of a book1 while the indexer is at liberty to alter the title as he likes1 so as to bring together books on the same subject1 however different the titles may be4 ,herein consists the great objection to the index composed of short titles1 as in ,dr4 ,crestadoro's ,index to the ,manchester ,free ,library ,catalogue4 ,books almost entirely alike in subject are separated by reason of the different wording of the titles4 ,it is much more convenient to gather together under one entry books identical in subject1 and there is no utility in separating an elementary treatise on electricity from the elements of electricity4 ,one important point connected with indexes to catalogues is to add the date of the book after the name of the author1 so that the seeker may know whether the book is old or new4 ,an index ought not to supersede the table of contents1 as this is often useful for those who cannot find what they want in the index1 from having forgotten the point of the heading under which it would most likely appear in the alphabet4 ,in the year #aijj there was a controversy in ,the ,times on a proposed subject index to the catalogue of the library of the ,british ,museum4 ,it was commenced on ,october #aeth by a letter signed ,a ,scholar1 and closed on ,november #aith by the same writer1 who summed up the whole controversy4 ,a ,scholar expressed himself strongly against the proposal1 and as he himself confesses he used very arrogant language4 ,in consequence of which1 most readers must have desired to find him proved to be in the wrong4 ,this desire was satisfied when ,mr4 ,fortescue1 the keeper of the printed books at the ,british ,museum1 delivered his address as ,president of the ,library ,association on ,august #bgth last4 ,the two points made by the ,scholar were3 7#a7 ,that the making of a general subject index to the catalogue proposed by the authorities of the ,british ,museum would be a waste of money2 7#b7 ,that it was a great evil for the five-yearly indexes originated by ,mr4 ,fortescue to be discontinued4 ,now let us see what is to be said with authority on these points4 ,mr4 ,fortescue said3 ,last ,autumn 444 ,i read with respectful astonishment a letter to ',the ,times' from a writer who preferred to veil his identity under the modest signature of 'a ,scholar4' ,there ,i read that 'the studious public of this country and ,europe in general have been surprised by the news that the authorities of the ,british ,museum seriously contemplate the compilation of a subject index to the vast collection of printed books in that library4' ,i can assure you that the surprise of the studious public and of ,europe in general cannot have surpassed my own when ,i thus learned of what the authorities were seriously contemplating4 ,nevertheless1 it left me able1 ,i thought1 to discern that their vast conceptions had not been so fortunate as to gain the approval of 'a ,scholar' and to marvel whence ,the ,times and other great journals had drawn their truly surprising information4 ,some of the arguments put forth in sundry criticisms of the 'scheme' showed how much thought had been bestowed upon matters which then first dazzled my bewildered imagination4 ,it may come some day 7who shall say what will not871 this ,general ,index1 or it may never come4 ,but up to the present moment ,i am aware of no authority who is seriously contemplating so large a venture unless perhaps it be 'a ,scholar' himself4 ,then as to the five-yearly indexes ,mr4 ,fortescue said3 ,experience has taught us that there is no form of subject-index which the public values so highly as one which gives the most recent literature on every possible subject4 ,and to meet this manifest want we shall certainly continue to issue1 with all the latest improvements ,i hope1 the modest ,indexes which we have hitherto published in five-yearly 7,i am afraid as ,president of ,the ,library ,association ,i should say 'in quinquennial'7 volumes4 ,the ,museum sweeps its net so wide and in such remote seas that a more or less complete collection of books on almost every subject or historical event is gathered within it for future students4 ,to take only two incidents from the last year or two1 the next index will contain not less than a hundred and forty books and pamphlets1 in almost every ,european tongue1 on the ,dreyfus case1 and from four to five hundred books on the present war in ,south ,africa4 ,such bibliographical tests have more than an ephemeral or immediate value4 ,they will remain as records of events or phases of thought long after their causes shall have faded from all but the page of history4 ,of late years the dictionary catalogue has come very largely into use in public libraries4 ,this consists of a union of catalogue of authors and index of subjects which is found to be very useful and illuminating to the readers in free libraries1 most of whom are probably not versed in the niceties of bibliographical arrangement1 but are more likely to want a book on a particular subject than to require a special book which they know4 ,mr4 ,cutter has written the history of the dictionary catalogue in the ,united ,states ,special ,report 7pp4 #ecc-eci71 and he traces it back in ,america to about the year #ahae4 ,excellent specimens of these dictionary catalogues have been produced4 ,they are of great value to the ordinary reader at a small public library1 but ,i venture to think that to construct one for a large library is a waste of power1 because if several large libraries of a similar character do the same thing1 there is constant repetition and considerable loss by the unnecessary outlay4 ,if a fairly complete standard index were made1 it could be used by all the libraries1 and in return the libraries might unite to pay its cost4 ,i am pleased to know that ,mr4 ,fortescue prefers to keep index and catalogue distinct4 ,he said in his address3 ,i have formed1 so far as ,i know1 but one dogmatic conviction1 and it is this3 that the best catalogue which the art of man can invent is a catalogue in two inter-dependent yet independent parts2 the first and greater part an alphabetical catalogue of authors1 the second and lesser part a subject-index4 ,i know well that ,i shall be told that ,i am out of date1 that such an opinion is as the voice of one crying in the wilderness--that the dictionary catalogue has won its battle--but even so1 perhaps the more so1 do ,i feel it the part of a serious and immovable conviction to declare my belief that--for student and librarian alike--this twofold catalogue1 author and subject each in its own division1 is the best catalogue a library can have1 and that the dictionary catalogue is the very worst4 ,but whatever may be our individual opinion on this head1 it is only necessary to enter into a very simple calculation to see that if the dictionary system could have governed the rules of the ,british ,museum ,catalogue it would by now have consisted of not less than twelve million entries2 and assuredly it would have been neither completed nor printed to-day4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,general ,,rules ,,for ,,alphabetical ,,indexes4 ,in order to guard against blunders ,bayle proposed that certain directions should be drawn up for the guidance of the compilers of indexes4 ,illustration3 ,these rules1 originally drawn up by a committee of the ,index ,society1 were primarily intended for the use of indexers making indexes of indexless books to be published by the society1 which1 being produced separately from the books themselves1 needed some introductory note4 ,in all cases1 however1 some explanation of the mode of compilation should be attached to the index4 ,the compiler comes fresh from his difficulties and the expedients he has devised to overcome them1 and it is therefore well for him to explain to the user of the index what those special difficulties are4 ,the object of the ,index ,society was to set up a standard of uniformity in the compilation of the indexes published by them4 ,although rigid uniformity is not needed in all indexes1 it is well that these should be made in accordance with the best experience of past workers rather than on a system which varies with the mood of the compiler4 ,it is hoped that the following rules may be of some practical use to future indexers4 ,in the eighth chapter of ,how to ,catalogue a ,library there are a series of rules for making a catalogue of a small library in which are codified the different points which had been discussed in the previous chapters4 ,in the present chapter the ,index ,society rules are printed in italic1 and to them are now added some illustrative remarks4 ,there is necessarily a certain likeness between rules for indexing and rules for cataloguing1 but the differences are perhaps more marked4 ,at all events1 the rules for one class of work will not always be suitable for the other class4 #a4 ,every work should have one index to the whole set1 and not an index to each volume4 ,an index to each volume of a set is convenient if a general amalgamated index to the whole set is given as well2 but a work with several indexes and no general one is most inconvenient and irritating1 while to have both seems extravagant4 ,if1 however1 the author or publisher is willing to present both1 it is not for the user of the book to complain4 #b4 ,indexes to be arranged in alphabetical order1 proper names and subjects being united in one alphabet4 ,an introduction containing some indication of the classification of the contents of the book indexed to be prefixed4 ,in an alphabetical index the alphabet must be all in all4 ,when the alphabet is used1 it must be used throughout4 ,there is no advantage in dividing proper names from subjects1 as is so often done1 particularly in foreign indexes4 ,another objectionable practice frequently adopted in the indexes of periodical publications is to keep together the entries under the separate headings used in the journal itself1 and thus to have a number of distinct alphabets under different headings4 ,this union of alphabetical and classified indexing has been condemned on a former page1 and need not here be referred to further4 ,in the case of large headings the items should be arranged in alphabetical order under them4 ,there is occasionally a difficulty in carrying this out completely1 but it should be attempted4 ,we want as little classification as possible in an alphabetical index4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,poole wisely said in reference to the proposal of one of his helpers on the ,index of ,periodical ,literature to place ,wealth1 ,finance1 and ,population under the heading of ,political ,economy3 ,the fatal defect of every classified arrangement is that nobody understands it except the person who made it and he is often in doubt4 #c4 ,the entries to be arranged according to the order of the ,english alphabet4 ,i and ,j and ,u and ,v to be kept distinct4 ,there are few things more irritating than to find the alphabet confused by the union of the vowel i with the consonant j1 or the vowel u with the consonant v4 ,no doubt they were not distinguished some centuries ago1 but this is no reason why they should again be confused now that they are usually distinct4 ,there may be special reasons why they should be mixed together in the ,british ,museum ,catalogue1 but it is not evident that these are sufficient4 ,the only safe rule is to use the ,english alphabet as it is to-day in an ,english index4 ,one of the rules of the ,american ,library ,association is3 ,the ,german ae1 oe1 ue always to be written ae1 oe1 ue1 and arranged as a1 o1 u4 ,by this ,goethe would have to be written ,goethe1 which is now an unusual form1 and ,i think it would be better to insist that where both forms are used1 one or other should be chosen and all instances spelt alike4 ,it is a very common practice to arrange ae1 oe1 ue1 as if they were written ae1 oe1 ue2 but this leads to the greatest confusion1 and no notice should be taken of letters that are merely to be understood4 #d4 ,headings consisting of two or more distinct words are not to be treated as integral portions of one word2 thus the arrangement should be3 ,grave1 ,john ,grave at ,kherson ,grave at ,kherson ,grave1 ,john ,grave of ,hope ,gravelot ,grave ,thoughts not ,grave of ,hope ,gravelot ,gravesend ,gravesend ,grave ,thoughts4 ,the perfect alphabetical arrangement is often ignored1 and it is not always easy to decide as to what is the best order2 but the above rule seems to put the matter pretty clearly4 ,if no system is adhered to1 it becomes very difficult to steer a course through the confusion4 ,when such entries are printed1 a very incongruous appearance often results from the use of a line to indicate repetition when a word similar in spelling1 but not really the same word1 occurs2 thus1 in the above1 ,grave surname1 ,grave substantive1 and ,grave adjective must all be repeated4 ,it is inattention to this obvious fact that has caused such ludicrous blunders as the following3 ,mill on ,liberty ---- on the ,floss4#ah #ah ,miss ,hetherington gives an additional instance of this class of blunder1 but her only authority is said to be from the index of a young lady's scrap book3 ,patti1 ,adelina1 ---- oyster4 ,the example in the text is absolutely genuine1 although it has been doubted4 ,cotton1 ,sir ,willoughby1 ----1 price of4 ,old age ---- ,artillery ,yard ---- ,bailey4 ,these are all genuine entries taken from books1 and similar blunders are not uncommon even in fairly good indexes2 thus1 in the ,calendar of ,treasury ,papers1 #agad-agai1 issued by the ,public ,record ,office1 under ,ireland are the following entries3 ,ireland1 ,mrs4 ,jane1 ,sempstress and ,starcher to ,king ,william2 cxcvii4 #cb4 444 ,attorney ,general of1 ,see ,attorney ,general1 ,ireland4 ,then follow nearly two columns on ,ireland with the marks of repetition 74447 throughout4 ,the names of streets in the ,post ,office ,directory are now arranged in a strict alphabetical order on the lines laid down in this rule2 thus we have3 ,white ,street ,white's ,row ,white ,heart ,whitechapel4 ,again3 ,abbott ,road ,abbott ,street ,abbott's ,road4 ,again3 ,king ,square ,king ,street ,king and ,queen ,street ,king ,david ,street ,king ,edward ,road ,king ,william ,street ,king's ,arms ,court ,king's ,road ,kinglake ,street ,kingsbury ,road ,kingsgate ,street4 ,sometimes there is a slip1 as might be expected in so complicated a list of names4 ,thus in the foregoing sequence ,kinghorn ,street comes between ,king ,william ,street and ,king's ,arms ,court1 while ,i think it ought to come immediately before ,kinglake ,street2 but1 after all1 this is a matter of opinion4 ,strattondale ,street comes before ,stratton ,street2 but this is merely a case of missorting4 ,there is one piece of alphabetisation which the editor of the ,post ,office ,directory has always adopted1 and that is to place ,upper and ,lower under those adjectives1 and ,old ,bond ,street under ,old1 and ,new ,bond ,street under ,new4 ,these two names belong to what is practically one street 7although each division is separately numbered71 which is always spoken of as ,bond ,street1 and therefore for which the majority of persons will look under ,bond4 ,south ,molton ,street is correctly placed under ,south because there is no ,north ,molton ,street1 and the street is named after ,south ,molton2 while ,south ,eaton ,place is merely a continuation of ,eaton ,place4 ,some persons1 however1 think that names should be treated as they stand1 and that we should not go behind them to find out what they mean4 #e4 ,proper ,names of foreigners to be arranged alphabetically under the prefixes-- ,dal ,dal ,sie ,del ,del ,rio ,della ,della ,casa ,des as ,des ,cloiseaux ,du ,du ,bois ,la ,la ,condamine ,le ,le ,sage1 but not under the prefixes-- ,d as ,abbadie not ,d',abbadie ,da ,silva ,da ,silva ,de ,la ,place ,de ,la ,place ,von ,humboldt ,von ,humboldt ,van ,beneden ,van ,beneden4 ,it is an acknowledged principle that when the prefix is a preposition it is to be rejected2 but when an article1 it is to be retained4 ,when1 however1 as in the case of the ,french ,du1 ,des1 the two are joined1 it is necessary to retain the preposition4 ,this also applies to the case of the ,italian ,della1 which is often rejected by cataloguers4 ,english names are1 however1 to be arranged under the prefixes3 ,de ,de ,quincey ,dela as ,delabeche ,van ,van ,mildert1 because these prefixes are meaningless in ,english1 and form an integral part of the name4 ,whatever rule is adopted1 some difficulty will be found in carrying it out3 for instance1 if we consider ,van ,dyck as a foreigner1 his name will appear as ,dyck 7,van72 but if as an ,englishman1 his name will be treated as ,vandyck4 ,a prefix which is translated into the relative term in a foreign language cannot be considered as a fixed portion of the name4 ,thus ,alexander von ,humboldt1 when away from his native ,germany1 translated his name into ,alexandre de ,humboldt4 ,the reason why prefixes are retained in ,english names is because they have no meaning in themselves1 and cannot be translated4 ,there is a difficulty here in respect to certain names with ,de before them2 for instance1 the ,rothschilds call themselves ,de ,rothschild1 but when the head of the family in ,england was made a peer of the ,united ,kingdom he became ,lord ,rothschild without the ,de4 ,in fact1 we have to come to the conclusion that when men think of making changes in their names they pay very little attention to the difficulties they are forging for the cataloguer and the indexer4 ,in this rule no mention is made of such out-of-the-way forms as ,im ,thurn and ,ten ,brink4 ,it is very difficult to decide upon the alphabetical position of these names4 ,if the indexer had to deal with a number of these curious prefixes1 it would probably be well to ignore them2 but when in the case of an ,english index they rarely occur1 it will probably be better to put ,im ,thurn under ,i and ,ten ,brink under ,t4 ,with respect to the translation of foreign titles1 the historian ,freeman made a curious statement which is quoted in one of the ,american ,q4,p4 indexes4 ,freeman wrote3 ,no man was ever so clear as ,macaulay from the vice of thrusting in foreign words into an ,english sentence4 ,one sees this in such small matters as the accurate way in which he uses foreign titles4 ,he speaks1 for instance1 of the ',duke of ,maine1' the ',count of ,avaux1' while in other writers one sees the vulgarism of the ,court ,circular1 ',duke de ,maine1' ',duc de ,maine1'--perhaps ',duc of ,maine4' ,duke de ,maine and ,duc of ,maine may be vulgar1 they are certainly incorrect2 but ,i fail to see how it can be vulgar to call a man by his right name--,duc de ,maine4 ,i do not venture to censure ,macaulay1 but for lesser men it is certainly a great mistake to translate the names of foreigners1 in spite of ,freeman's expression of his strong opinion4 #f4 ,proper names with the prefix ,st41 as ,st4 ,albans1 ,st4 ,john1 to be arranged in the alphabet as if written in full--,saint4 ,when the word ,saint represents a ceremonial title1 as in the case of ,st4 ,alban1 ,st4 ,giles1 and ,st4 ,augustine1 these names are to be arranged under the letters ,a and ,g respectively2 but the places ,st4 ,albans1 ,st4 ,giles's1 and ,st4 ,augustine's will be found under the prefix ,saint4 ,the prefixes ,m' and ,mc to be arranged as if written in full--,mac4 ,this rule is very frequently neglected1 more particularly in respect to the neglect of the difference between ,saint ,alban the man and ,st4 ,albans the place4 #g4 ,peers to be arranged under their titles1 by which alone in most cases they are known1 and not under their family names1 except in such a case as ,horace ,walpole1 who is almost unknown by his title of ,earl of ,orford1 which came to him late in life4 ,bishops1 deans1 etc41 to be always under their family names4 ,about this rule there is great difference of opinion4 ,the ,british ,museum practice is to catalogue peers under their surnames1 and the same plan has been adopted in the ,dictionary of ,national ,biography4 ,it is rather difficult to understand how this practice has come into being4 ,there are difficulties on both sides2 but the great majority of peers are1 ,i believe1 known solely by their titles1 and when these noblemen are entered under their family names cross references are required because very few persons know the family names of peers4 ,the ,library ,association and ,bodleian rules adopt the common-sense plan of entering noblemen under their titles1 and ,mr4 ,cutter gives some excellent reasons for doing this1 although he cannot make up his mind to run counter to a supposed well-established rule4 ,mr4 ,cutter writes3 ,,stanhope ,philip ,dormer1 #dth ,earl of ,chesterfield4444 ,this is the ,british ,museum rule and ,mr4 ,jewett's4 ,mr4 ,perkins prefers entry under titles for ,british noblemen also1 in which ,i should agree with him if the opposite practice were not so well established4 ,the reasons for entry under the title are that ,british noblemen are always spoken of1 always sign by their titles only1 and seldom put the family name upon the title-pages of their books1 so that ninety-nine in a hundred readers must look under the title first4 ,the reasons against it are that the founders of noble families are often as well known--sometimes even better--by their family name as by their titles 7as ,charles ,jenkinson1 afterwards ,lord ,liverpool2 ,sir ,robert ,walpole1 afterwards ,earl of ,orford72 that the same man bears different titles in different parts of his life 7thus ,p4 ,stanhope published his ,history of ,england from the ,peace of ,utrecht as ,lord ,mahon1 and his ,reign of ,queen ,anne as ,earl ,stanhope72 that it separates members of the same family 7,lord ,chancellor ,eldon would be under ,eldon1 and his father and all his brothers and sisters under the family name1 ,scott71 ,mr4 ,cutter forgot that ,lord ,eldon's elder brother ,william was also a peer--,lord ,stowell and brings together members of different families 7thus the earldom of ,bath has been held by members of the families of ,chande1 ,bourchier1 ,granville and ,pulteney1 and the family name of the present ,marquis of ,bath is ,thynne71 which last argument would be more to the point in planning a family history4 ,the advocates of the practice of arranging peers under their family names make much of the difficulties attendant on such changes of name as ,francis ,bacon1 ,viscount ,st4 ,alban's1 ,benjamin ,disraeli 7afterwards ,earl of ,beaconsfield71 ,sir ,john ,lubbock 7now ,lord ,avebury71 and ,richard ,monckton ,milnes 7afterwards ,lord ,houghton74 ,these1 doubtless1 are difficulties1 but ,i believe that they amount in all to very few as compared with the cases on the other side4 ,this is a matter that might be settled by calculation1 and it would be well worth while to settle it4 ,mr4 ,cutter says that ninety-nine in a hundred must look under the title first1 but ,i doubt if the percentage be quite as high as this4 ,if it were1 it ought to be conclusive against any other arrangement than that under titles4 ,moreover1 these instances do not really meet the case1 for they belong to another class1 which has to be dealt with in cataloguing--that is1 those who change their names4 ,when a man succeeds to a peerage he changes his name just as a ,commoner may change his name in order to succeed to a certain property4 #h4 ,foreign compound names to be arranged under the first name1 as ,lacaze ,duthiers4 ,english compound names under the last1 except in such cases as ,royston-,pigott1 where the first name is a true surname4 ,the first name in a foreign compound is1 as a rule1 the surname2 but the first name in an ,english compound is usually a mere ,christian name4 ,this rule is open to some special difficulties4 ,it can be followed with safety in respect to foreign names1 but special knowledge is required in respect to ,english names4 ,of late years a large number of persons have taken a fancy to bring into prominence their last ,christian name when it is obtained from a surname4 ,they then hyphen their ,christian name with their surname1 because they wish to be called by both4 ,the ,smiths and the ,joneses commenced the practice1 but others have followed their lead4 ,the indexer has no means of telling whether in a hyphened name the first name is a real surname or not1 and he needs to know much personal and family history before he can decide correctly4 ,hyphens are used most recklessly nowadays1 and the user has no thought of the trouble he gives to the indexer4 ,if the ,christian name is hyphened to the surname1 and all the family agree to use the two together as their surname1 the indexer must treat the compound name as a true surname4 ,often a hyphen is used merely to show that the person bearing the names wishes to be known by both1 but with no intention of making the ,christian name into a surname4 ,thus a father may not give all his children the same ,christian name1 but change it for each individual1 as one son may be ,james ,somerset-,jones and another ,george ,balfour-,jones4 ,in such a case as this the hyphen is quite out of place1 and ,jones must still be treated as the only surname4 ,no one has a right to expect his ,christian name to be treated as a surname merely by reason of his joining the ,christian name to the surname by a hyphen4 ,he must publicly announce his intention of treating his ,christian name as a surname1 or change it by ,act of ,parliament4 ,even when the name is legally changed1 there is often room for confusion4 ,the late ,mr4 ,edward ,solly1 ,f4,r4,s41 who was very interested in these inquiries1 drew my attention to the fact that the family of ,hesketh changed their name in #ahjf to ,bamford by ,act of ,parliament1 and subsequently obtained another ,act to change it back to ,hesketh4 ,the present form of the family names is ,lloyd-,hesketh-,bamford-,hesketh4 ,with respect to ,spanish and ,portuguese names it is well to bear in mind that there are several surnames made from ,christian names1 as1 for instance1 ,fernando is a ,christian name and ,fernandez is a surname1 just as with us ,richard is a ,christian name and ,richards a surname4 #i4 ,an adjective is frequently to be preferred to a substantive as a catchword2 for instance1 when it contains the point of the compound1 as ,alimentary ,canal1 ,english ,history2 also when the compound forms a distinctive name1 as ,soane ,museum4 ,the object of this rule is often overlooked1 and many indexers purposely reject the use of adjectives as headings4 ,one of the most marked instances of an opposite rule may be seen in the index to ,hare's ,walks in ,london 7#ahgh71 where all the alleys1 bridges1 buildings1 churches1 courts1 houses1 streets1 etc41 are arranged under these headings1 and not under the proper name of each4 ,there may be a certain advantage in some of these headings1 but few would look for ,lisson ,grove under ,grove1 and the climax of absurdity is reached when ,chalk ,farm is placed under ,farm4 #aj4 ,the entries to be as short as is consistent with intelligibility1 but the insertion of names without specification of the cause of reference to be avoided1 except in particular cases4 ,the extent of the references1 when more than one page1 to be marked by indicating the first and last pages4 ,this rule requires to be carried out with judgment4 ,few things are more annoying than a long string of references without any indication of the cause of reference1 but on the other hand it is objectionable to come across a frivolous entry4 ,the consulter is annoyed to find no additional information in the book to what is already given in the index4 ,it will therefore be found best to set out the various entries in which some fact or opinion is mentioned1 and then to gather together the remaining references under the heading of ,alluded to4 ,the most extreme instances of annoying block lists of references under a name are to be found in ,ayscough's elaborate index to the ,gentleman's ,magazine1 where all the references under one surname are placed together without even the distinction of the ,christian name4 ,the late ,mr4 ,edward ,solly made a curious calculation as to the time that would be employed in looking up these references4 ,for instance1 under the name ,smith there are #b1daa entries en masse1 and with no initial letters4 ,if there were these divisions1 one would find ,zachary ,smith in a few minutes1 but now one must look to each reference to find what is wanted4 ,with taking down the volumes and hunting through long lists of names1 ,mr4 ,solly found that two minutes were occupied in looking up each reference2 hence it might take the consulter eight days 7working steadily ten hours a day7 to find out if there be any note about ,zachary ,smith in the magazine1 a task which no one would care to undertake4 ,a like instance of bad indexing will be found in ,scott's edition of ,swift's ,works4 ,here there are #fch references to ,robert ,harley1 ,earl of ,oxford1 without any indication of the reason why his name is entered in the index4 ,this case also affords a good instance of careless indexing in another particular1 for these references are separated under different headings instead of being gathered under one1 as follows3 ,harley 7,robert7 #bgg references4 ,oxford 7,lord7 #aaa ,treasurer1 ,lord ,oxford #cjj ,the late ,mr4 ,b4 ,r4 ,wheatley read a paper before the ,conference of ,librarians 7#ahgg7 on this subject of indexes1 without details of the reason or cause of reference1 entitled1 ,an ',evitandum' in ,index-making1 principally met with in ,french and ,german ,periodical ,scientific ,literature 7,transactions1 p4 #hh74 ,he pointed out that often in ,german ,indexes the entries in the ,sach ,register would be full and correct1 while those in the ,namen ,register would usually be meagre1 and consist merely of the surnames of the authors and the initials of their ,christian names4 ,he then referred to many instances of the uselessness of these indexes4 ,he further referred to the forty so-called indexes of subjects added to ,allibone's valuable ,critical ,dictionary of ,english ,literature1 which are practically useless4 ,he concluded his paper with these words3 ,you are referred to the ',morals and ,manners' index for such varied subjects as ,apparitions1 ,divorce1 ,marriage1 ,duelling1 ,freemasonry1 ,mormonism1 ,mythology1 ,spiritualism and ,witchcraft4 ,there are #a1cfe names in this index1 and how are you to discover which belong to any of the above subjects without wading through the whole8 ,it is1 in fact1 an entire system of indexing backwards from particulars to generals1 instead of from generals to particulars4 ,it is something like writing on a sign-post on the road to ,bath1 ',to ,somersetshire1' and if in one phrase ,i were to add a characteristic entry to these sub-indexes1 or to give one form of reference which should be typical of this style of index1 ,i should say--,needle1 see ,bottle of ,hay4 ,you find the bottle of hay--but where is the needle8 ,the form in which the various entries in an index are to be drawn up is worthy of much attention1 and particular care should be taken to expunge all redundant words4 ,for example1 it would be better to write3 ,smith 7,john71 his character2 his execution1 than ,smith 7,john71 character of2 execution of2 or ,brown 7,robert7 saves money1 than ,brown 7,robert71 saving of money by4 ,a good instance of the frivolous entry is the hackneyed quotation1 ,best 7,mr4 ,justice71 his great mind1 which is supposed to be a reference to a passage in this form3 ,mr4 ,justice ,best said that he had a great mind to commit the man for trial4 ,this particular reference is almost too good to be true1 and ,i have not been able to trace it to its source4 ,that has been said to be in the index to one of ,chitty's law-books1 and it is added that possibly ,chitty had a grudge against ,sir ,william ,draper ,best1 one of the ,puisne ,judges of the ,king's ,bench from #ahai to #ahbd1 and ,lord ,chief ,justice of the ,common ,pleas from #ahbd to #ahbi1 in which latter year he was created ,lord ,wynford4 ,another explanation is that it was a joke of ,leigh ,hunt's1 who first published it in the ,examiner4 #aa4 ,short entries to be repeated under such headings as are likely to be required1 in place of a too frequent use of cross references4 ,these references1 however1 to be made from cognate headings1 as ,cerebral to ,brain1 and vice versa1 where the subject matter is different4 ,cross references are very useful1 but they are not usually popular with those who are unaccustomed to them4 ,they ought to be used where the number of references under a certain heading is large1 but it is always better to duplicate the references than to refer too often to insignificant entries4 #ab4 ,in the case of journals and transactions brief abstracts of the contents of the several articles or papers to be drawn up and arranged in the alphabetical index under the heading of the article4 ,the advantage of this plan is that a precis can be made of the articles or papers which will be useful to the reader as containing an abstract of the contents1 much of which might not be of sufficient importance to be sorted out in the alphabet2 in the case where the entries are important they can be duplicated in the alphabet4 ,a good specimen of this plan of indexing may be found in the indexes to the ,journal of the ,statistical ,society4 #ac4 ,authorities quoted or referred to in a book1 to be indexed under each author's name1 the titles of his works being separately set out and the word quoted added in italics4 ,this rule is quite clear1 and there is nothing to be added to it4 ,it is evident that all books quoted should be indexed4 #ad4 ,when the indexed page is large1 or contains long lists of names1 it is to be divided into four sections1 referred to respectively as a1 b1 c1 d2 thus if a page contains #fd lines1 #a-af will be a1 #ag-cb b1 #cc-dh c1 #di-fd d4 ,if in double columns1 the page is still to be divided into four--a and b forming the upper and lower halves of the first column1 and c and d the upper and lower halves of the second column4 ,this division of the page will often be found very useful1 and save much time to the consulter4 #ae4 ,when a work is in more than one volume1 the number of the volume is to be specified by small ,roman numerals4 ,in the case of long sets1 such as the ,gentleman's ,magazine1 a special ,arabic numeral for indicating the volume1 distinct from the page numeral1 may be employed with advantage4 ,the frequent use of high numbers in ,roman capitals is very inconvenient4 #af4 ,entries which refer to complete chapters or distinct papers1 to be printed in small capitals or italics4 ,this is useful as indicating that the italic entry is of more importance than those in ,roman type4 #ag4 ,headings to be printed in a marked type4 ,a dash1 instead of indentation1 to be used as a mark of repetition4 ,the dash to be kept for entries exactly similar1 and the word to be repeated when the second differs in any way from the first4 ,the proper name to be repeated when that of a different person4 ,in the case of joint authors1 the ,christian name or initials of the first1 whose surname is arranged in the alphabet1 to be in parentheses1 but the ,christian names of the second to be in the natural order1 as ,smith 7,john7 and ,alexander ,brown1 not ,smith 7,john7 and ,brown 7,alexander74 ,dashes should be of a uniform length1 and that length should not be too great4 ,it is a mistake to suppose that the dash is to be the length of the line which is not repeated4 ,if it be necessary to make the repetition of a portion of the title as well as the author1 this should be indicated by another dash1 and not by the elongation of the former one4 ,the reason for the last direction in this rule is that the ,christian name is only brought back in order to make the alphabetical position of the surname clear2 and as this is not necessary in respect to the second person1 the names should remain in their natural order4 ,the initials which stand for ,christian names often give much trouble1 particularly among foreigners4 ,most ,frenchmen use the letter ,m4 to stand for monsieur1 giving no ,christian name2 but sometimes ,m4 stands for ,michel or other ,christian name commencing with ,m4 ,the ,germans are often very careless in the use of initials1 and ,i have found in one index of a scientific periodical the following specimens of this confusion3 7#a7 ,h4 ,d4 ,gerling1 7#b7 ,h4 ,w4 ,brandes1 7#c7 ,d4 ,w4 ,olbers4 ,here all three cases look alike1 but in the first ,h4 ,d4 represent two titles--,herr ,doctor2 in the second1 ,h4 ,w4 represent two ,christian names--,heinrich ,wilhelm2 and in the third one title and one ,christian name--,dr4 ,w4 ,olbers4 ,the above rules do not apply to subject indexes1 and in certain cases may need modification in accordance with the special character of the work to be indexed4 ,on the whole1 it may be said that an alphabetical index is the best2 but under special circumstances it may be well to have a classified index4 ,generally it may be said that there are special objections to classification1 and therefore if a classified index is decided upon1 it must needs be exceptional1 and rules must be made for it by the maker of the index4 ,in the foregoing rules no mention is made of the difficulties attendant on the use of ,oriental names4 ,under ,rules for a ,small ,library in ,how to ,catalogue a ,library1 ,i wrote3 #g4 ,oriental names to be registered in accordance with the system adopted by a recognised authority on the subject4 ,this1 however1 is only shifting the responsibility4 ,in an ordinary ,english index this point is not likely to give much trouble1 and the rule may be safely adopted of registration under the first name4 ,but where there are many names to be dealt with1 difficulties are sure to arise4 ,in ,india the last name is usually adopted1 and the forenames are frequently contracted into initials1 so that it is obligatory to use this name4 ,we must never forget the practical conclusion that a man's real name is that by which he is known4 ,but the indexer's difficulty in a large number of cases is that he does not know what that name is4 ,sir ,george ,birdwood has kindly drawn up for me the following memorandum on the subject1 which is of great value1 from the interesting historical account of the growth of surnames in ,india under ,british rule which he gives4 ,,on ,,the ,,indexing ,,of ,,the ,,names ,,of ,,eastern ,,people4 ,confining myself to the people--,parsees1 ,hindoos1 and ,mussulmans 7muslimin7--of ,india1 ,i find it very difficult to state an unexceptionable rule for the indexing of their names2 and ,i index them in the order in which they are signed by the people themselves4 ,the first or forename of a ,parsee or a ,hindoo1 but not of a ,mussulman if he be a ,pathan1 is his own personal or1 as we say1 ,christian--that is1 baptismal or water--name2 and their second their father's personal name1 and not his family or1 as we say1 blood name1 or true surname4 ,the naming of individuals in the successive generations of a ,parsee or ,hindoo1 and certain ,mussulmanee families1 runs thus3 ,a4 ,g41 ,n4 ,a41 ,u4 ,n41 and so on1 the grandfather's name disappearing in the third generation4 ,the ,parsees only in comparatively recent times adopted family or true surnames derived from the personal or paternal names1 or both1 of the first distinguished member of the family1 or from his occupation or place of residence1 or from some notable friend or patron of his1 or from some title conferred on him by the ruler whose subject he was4 ,thus the ,patels of ,bombay are descended from ,rustom 7the son of7 ,dorabjee1 who1 for the assistance he gave the ,english in #afib against the ,seedee of ,junjeera1 was created1 by sanad 7i4e4 patent71 patel 7i4e4 mayor7 of the ,coolees of ,bombay4 ,the ,parsee ,ashburners derive their patronymic from an ancestor in the early part of the late century1 the friend and associate of a well-known ,english gentleman then resident in ,western ,india4 ,the ,bhownaggrees take their name from an ancestor1 a wealthy jaghirdar1 who in #agdd built a tank of solid stone for public use at ,bhavnagar in ,kattyawar1 and also from their later official connection with this well-known model ,native ,state4 ,the ,jamsetjee ,jejeebhoys and ,comasjee ,jehanghiers derive their double-barreled surnames from the first baronet and knight1 respectively1 of these two eminent ,parsee families4 ,other well-known ,parsee surnames are ,albless1 ,bahadurjee1 ,banajee1 ,bengalee1 ,bhandoopwala1 ,bharda1 ,cama 7or ,kama71 ,dadysett1 ,damanwala1 ,gamadia1 ,gazdar1 ,ghandi1 ,kapadia1 ,karaka1 ,khabrajee1 ,kharagat1 ,kohiyar1 ,marzban1 ,modee1 ,petit 7,sir ,dinshaw ,manockjee ,petit1 first baronet of this name71 ,panday1 ,parak1 ,sanjana1 ,sayar1 ,seth1 ,sethna1 ,shroff1 ,talyarkan1 ,wadia4 ,some of their surnames are very eccentric1 such as ,doctor1 ,ready-money1 ,solicitor1 etc41 and should be abolished4 ,there is actually a ,dr4 ,solicitor4 ,the interesting point about the ,parsee surnames is that when first introduced1 through the influence of their close contact with the ,english1 they were not absolutely hereditary1 but were changed after a generation or two4 ,thus the present ,bhownaggrees used1 at one time1 the surname of ,compadore1 from the office so designated held by one of their ancestors under the ,portuguese4 ,the ,hindoos have always had surnames1 and jealously guard their authenticity and continuity in the traditions of their families1 although they do not1 even yet in ,western ,india1 universally use them in public4 ,their personal and paternal names are derived1 among the higher castes1 from the names of the gods1 the thousand and one names of ,vishnoo and ,seeva1 of ,ganesha1 etc41 and from the names of well-known mythological heroes1 historical saints1 etc41 the name selected being one the initial of which indicates the lunar asterism 7nakshatra7 under which the child 7i4e4 a son7 is born2 but their surnames have a tribal1 or1 as in the case of the ,parsees1 a local1 or official1 or some other merely accidental1 origin4 ,if1 then1 we had only to deal with the ,hindoos and ,parsees1 they might be readily indexed under their surnames4 ,but when we come to the ,indian ,mussulmans the problem is at once seen to be beset with perplexities which seem to me impossible to unravel4 ,the ,indian ,mussulmans--indeed all muslimin--are classified as ,sayeds1 ,sheikhs1 ,mo7n7gols1 and ,pathans4 ,the ,sayeds 7literally1 nobles1 lords7 are the descendants of the ,prophet ,mahomet1 through his son-in-law ,allee2 those descended through ,fatima being distinguished as ,sayed ,hussanee and ,sayed ,hooseinee1 and those from his other wives as ,sayed ,allee4 ,the first name given to a ,mussulman of this class is the quasi-surname ,sayed or ,meer 7also1 literally1 nobleman1 lord71 followed by the personal name and the paternal name2 but these quasi-surnames often fall into disuse after manhood has been reached4 ,the ,sheikhs 7literally1 chiefs71--and all muslimin descended from ,mahomet and ,aboo ,bukeer and ,oomur are ,sheikhs1--have one or other of the following surnames placed before or after their personal and paternal names3 ,abd1 ,allee1 ,bukhs1 ,goolam1 ,khoaja1 ,sheikh4 ,but as ,sayeds are also all ,sheikhs1 they sometimes1 on attaining manhood1 assume the surname of ,sheikh1 dropping that of ,sayed1 or ,meer1 given to them at birth4 ,the ,mo7n7gols1 whether of the ,persian 7,eranee7 sect of ,sheeahs1 or the ,turkish 7,tooranee7 sect of ,soonnees1 have placed before1 or after1 their personal and paternal names1 one or other of the following surnames3 ,aga 7lord71 ,beg 7lord71 ,meerza1 and ,mo7n7gol4 ,but in ,persia both ,sayeds and ,sheikhs assume1 instead of their proper patronymics1 the surname of ,aga1 or ,beg1 or ,mo7n7gol2 while ,mo7n7gols whose mothers are ,sayeds are given the pre1 or post1 surname of ,meerza4 ,the ,pathans have the surname ,khan 7lord7 placed invariably after their personal and paternal names4 ,but ,sayeds and ,sheikhs often have the word ,khan placed after their class1 personal1 and paternal names--not1 however1 as a surname1 but as a complimentary or substantial title1 pure and simple4 ,again1 all classes of muslimin1 and the ,hindoos also1 and even the ,parsees1 are in the habit of adding all sorts of complimentary and substantial titles both before and after their names4 ,how1 then1 is it possible to apply any one rightly reasoned rule to the indexing of such names1 or any but the arbitrary rule of thumb3--to index them in the order in which the bearer of them places them in his signature to letters1 cheques1 and other documents8 ,this gets over all the embarrassing difficulties created by the paraphernalia of a man's official designations1 complimentary--or substantial1 titles1 etc4 ,take1 for example1 this transcript of a hypothetical ,hindoo official's visiting-card3 ,dewan ,sahib 7official and courtesy titles74 ,rajashri 7special social title74 ,a4 7personal name74 ,b4 7paternal name74 ,z4 7family or true surname74 ,no ,englishman unfamiliar with the etiquettes of ,indian personal nomenclature could possibly index such a card as this with intelligent correctness4 ,but this ,hindoo gentleman would simply sign himself in a private letter1 ,a4 ,b4 ,z4 7i4e4 ,a41 the son of ,b41 of the clan of ,z471 and so he should be indexed4 ,the personal names of muslimin also have for the most part an astronomical association1 being generally selected from those beginning with the initial or finial letter of the name of the planet ruling the day on which the child 7i4e4 a son7 is born4 ,i presume that what ,i have here said of the methods of naming the ,indian ,mussulmans also applies to the muslimin of ,persia and ,central ,asia and ,turkey and ,arabia2 but beyond these countries ,i have no information as to the methods of naming people in the other ,oriental ,indies1 such as ,ceylon1 ,burmah1 ,china1 and ,japan4 ,as to the transliteration of ,oriental personal names1 ,i always accept that followed by the person bearing them4 ,i have put the matter as briefly as possible1 and almost too briefly for absolute accuracy of expression2 and it will be noted ,i say nothing of local exceptions to the general rule regulating ,hindoo names of persons2 and1 again1 nothing of female names1 ,hindoo1 ,mussulmanee1 or ,parsee4 ,,george ,,birdwood4 ,january #i1 #aijb4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,how ,,to ,,set ,,about ,,the ,,index4 ,and thus by ,god's assistance we have finished our ,table4 ,miraculous almost was the execution done by ,david on the ,amalekites who saved neither man nor woman alive to bring tidings to ,gath4 ,i cannot promise such exactness in our ,index1 that no name hath escaped our enquiry3 some few1 perchance1 hardly slipping by1 may tell tales against us4 ,this ,i profess1 ,i have not1 in the language of some modern quartermaster1 wilfully burnt towns1 and purposely omitted them2 and hope that such as have escaped our discovering1 will only upon examination appear either not generally agreed on1 by authors1 for proper names1 or else by proportion falling without the bounds of ,palestine1 ,soli ,deo gloria4--,,thomas ,,fuller4 ,illustration3 ,rules are needed for index making in order to obtain uniformity1 but the mode of working must to a large extent be left to the indexer4 ,most of us have our own favourite ways of doing things1 and it is therefore absurd to dictate to others how to set to work4 ,if we employ any one to do a certain work1 we are entitled to expect it to be well done2 but we ought to allow the worker to adopt his own mode of work4 ,some men will insist not only on the work being well done1 but also upon their way of doing it4 ,this takes the spirit out of the worker1 and is therefore most unwise4 ,still1 ,i have found that those who are unaccustomed to index work are anxious to be informed how to proceed4 ,the following notes are therefore only intended as hints for the use of those who wish for them1 and need not be acted upon if the reader has a plan that he finds better suited for his purpose4 ,two essentially different kinds of index must be considered first3 7#a7 ,there is the index which is always growing2 and 7#b7 there is the index that is made at one time1 and is printed immediately it is ready for the press4 ,the same course of procedure will not be suitable for both these classes4 #a4 ,indexes to commonplace books belong to this category4 ,it has been usual here to leave a few pages blank for the index1 and to arrange the entries in strict alphabetical order under the first letters and then under the first vowel following a consonant1 or the second1 when the initial is a vowel4 ,this is highly inconvenient and confusing1 especially when words without a second vowel1 as ,ash and ,epps1 are placed at the head of each letter1 ,ash coming before ,adam and ,abel1 and ,epps before ,ebenezer4 ,it is better to spare a few more pages for the index1 and plan the alphabet out so that the entries may come in their correct alphabetical order4 ,unfortunately the blank index is usually set out according to this absurd vowel system4 ,commonplace books are now1 however1 very much out of fashion4 ,a better system of note-keeping is to use paper of a uniform size1 to write each distinct note on a separate sheet of paper1 and to fasten the slips of paper together by means of clips4 ,if this plan is adopted1 the notes are much more easily consulted1 and they can be rearranged as often as is necessary4 ,now the index can be made on cards1 or a special alphabeticised#ai book can be set aside for the purpose4 ,cards of a uniform size1 kept in trays or boxes1 are very convenient for the purpose of making an ever-growing index4 ,you can make a general index in one alphabet1 and when you have any special subject on hand1 you can choose out the particular cards connected with that subject1 and arrange them in a distinct alphabet4 ,when the distinct alphabet is no longer required1 the cards can be rearranged in the general alphabet4 ,cards are unquestionably the most convenient for an index that is ever changing in volume and in form4 ,rearrangement can be made without the trouble of re-writing the entries4 #ai ,some may consider this a monstrous word2 but it conveys a convenient description of blank books with the alphabet marked on the leaves of the book either cut in or with tablets projecting from the margin4 #b4 ,for an index which is made straight off at one time1 and sent to the printer when finished1 foolscap paper is probably the most convenient to use4 ,the pages as written upon can be numbered1 and this will relieve the mind of the indexer of fear that any of these should be lost4 ,the numbering will serve till the time comes for the index to be cut up and arranged4 ,some indexers use separate slips of a uniform size1 or cards1 with a single entry on each slip4 ,although this plan has the advantage that you can keep your index in alphabetical order as you go along1 which is sometimes convenient for reference1 it is1 on the whole1 a cumbersome one for an index1 although it is almost essential for a catalogue4 ,in the present day when paper is so cheap1 it is well to use fresh sheets all of the same size--either quarto post or foolscap4 ,some persons are so absurdly economical as to use the blank sides of used paper1 such as envelopes1 etc41 so that their manuscript is of all sizes and will never range4 ,it is necessary to warn such persons that they lose more time by the inconvenient form of their paper than they gain by not buying new material4 ,in general practice the most convenient plan is to make your index straight on1 using the paper you have chosen4 ,another plan is to use a portfolio of parchment with an alphabet cut on the leaves1 and with guards to receive several leaves of foolscap under each letter4 ,thus every entry can be written at once in first letters4 ,where there are many large headings this is very convenient1 and time is saved by entering the various references on the same folio without the constant repetition of the same heading4 ,possibly the most convenient method is to unite the two plans4 ,those references which we know to belong to large headings can be entered on the folios in the alphabetical guard-book1 and the rest can be written straight through on the separate leaves4 ,before commencing his work1 the indexer must think out the plan and the kind of index he is to produce2 he will then consider how he is to draw out the references4 ,whatever system is adopted1 it is well to bear in mind that the indexer should obtain some knowledge of the book he is about to index before he sets to work4 ,the following remarks by ,lord ,thring may be applied to other subjects than law3 ,a complete knowledge of the whole law is required before he begins to make the index1 for until he can look down on the entire field of law before him1 he cannot possibly judge of the proper arrangement of the headings or of the relative importance of the various provisions4 ,during his work the indexer must constantly ask himself what it is for which the consulter is likely to seek4 ,the author frequently uses periphrases to escape from the repetition of the same fact in the same form1 but these periphrases will give little information when inserted as headings in an index2 and it is in this point of selecting the best catchword that the good indexer will show his superiority over the commonplace worker4 ,this paramount characteristic of the good indexer is by no means an easy one to acquire4 ,when the indexer is absorbed in the work upon which he is working1 he takes for granted much with which the consulter coming fresh to the subject is not familiar4 ,the want of this characteristic is most marked in the case of the bad indexer4 ,in printing references to the entries in an index it is important to make a distinction between the volume and the page2 this is done best by printing the number of the volumes in ,roman letters and the page in ,arabic numerals4 ,when1 however1 the volumes are numerous1 the ,roman letters become cumbersome1 and mistakes are apt to occur1 so that one is forced to use ,arabic numerals2 and in order to distinguish between volume and page1 the numbers of the volumes must be printed in solid black type4 ,when a book is often reprinted in different forms it would be well to refer to chapters and paragraphs1 so that the same index would do for all editions4 ,the paragraphs in ,dr4 ,jessopp's edition of ,north's ,lives of the ,norths are numbered1 but they are not numbered throughout4 ,the references are very confusing and require a key4 ,thus1 ,p stands for ,preface2 ,f for ,life of the ,lord ,keeper2 ,d1 ,life of ,dudley2 ,j1 ,life of ,dr4 ,john2 ,r1 ,autobiography of ,roger1 and also ,notes2 ,r ,l1 ,letters from ,lady ,north2 ,r ,i1 ,letters from ,roger ,north2 and ,s1 ,supplementary4 ,in the ,letters the references are to pages and not to paragraphs4 ,with such a complicated system1 one is tempted to leave the index severely alone4 ,this is the more annoying in that the index is not a long one1 and the pages might have been inserted without any great trouble4 ,much confusion has been caused by reprinting an index for one edition in a later one without alteration4 ,an instance may be given by citing the reprint of ,whitelock's ,memorials1 published at the ,university ,press1 ,oxford1 in #ahec4 ,the original edition is in one volume folio 7#afhb1 reprinted #agcb71 and the new edition is in four volumes octavo4 ,but to save expense the old index was printed to the new book4 ,the difficulty was in part got over by giving the pages of the #agcb edition in the margin2 but as may be imagined1 it is a most troublesome business to find anything by this means4 ,moreover1 the old index is not a good one1 but thoroughly bad1 with all the old misprints retained in the new edition4 ,as a specimen of the extreme inaccuracy of the compilation1 it may be mentioned that under one heading of thirty-four entries ,mr4 ,edward ,peacock detected seven blunders4 ,although ,mr4 ,peacock had no statistics of the other entries1 his experience led him to believe that if any heading were taken at random1 about one in four of the entries would be found to be misprinted4 ,in the case of a large index it is necessary to take into consideration the greatly increased work connected with arrangement4 ,the amount of this may be said to increase in geometrical rather than in arithmetical progression4 ,when the indexer comes to the last page of a great book he rejoices to have finished his work2 but he will find by experience1 when he calculates the arrangement of his materials1 that he has scarcely done more than half of what is before him4 ,if cards or separate slips are used1 these will only need to be arranged for the press2 but if sheets of paper have been1 written upon1 these will have to be cut up4 ,there is little to be said about this1 but it is worth giving the hint that much time is saved if shears or large scissors are used1 so that the whole width of paper may be severed in two cuts4 ,in the case of a small index there is little difficulty with material1 for it can be arranged at once into first letters1 and when the table is cleared of the slips these can be placed in the pages of an ordinary book to keep them distinct1 and can then be sorted in perfect alphabet and pasted down4 ,in the case of a large index it will be necessary to place the slips in a safer place4 ,large envelopes are useful receptacles for first letters2 and when the slips are placed in them1 the indexer will feel at ease and sure that none will be lost4 ,it is well to go through the whole of the envelopes of first letters and sort the slips into second and third letters before the pasting is commenced1 so that you may know that the order is correct1 or make such alterations as are necessary before it is too late4 ,the final perfect alphabetical arrangement can be made when the slips are placed on the table ready to be pasted4 ,the sorting of slips into alphabetical order seems a simple matter which scarcely needs any particular directions2 still such have been made4 ,the late ,mr4 ,charles ,f4 ,blackburn1 who had had a considerable experience1 gave some instruction for sorting slips in his ,hints on ,catalogue ,titles 7#ahhd74 ,he wrote3 ,having never seen in print any directions for putting titles into alphabetical order1 ,i venture to describe the system ,i have been accustomed to use4 ,first sort the entire heap into six heaps1 which will lie before you thus3 ,a--,d ,e--,h ,i--,m ,n--,r ,s ,t--,z4 ,then take the heap ,a--,d and sort it into its component letters1 after which each letter can be brought into shape by use of the plan first applied to the whole alphabet4 ,it is best to go on with the second process until you have the whole alphabet in separate letters1 because if you brought ,a1 for example1 into its component parts and put them into alphabetical order1 you might not impossibly find some ,a's among the later letters--one of the inevitable accidents of sorting quickly4 ,with this hint or two the young cataloguer will easily find his way2 and various devices for doing this or that more handily are sure to suggest themselves in the course of practice4 ,the great thing is to be started4 ,the latter part of this extract is good advice1 but ,i think it is a mistake to make two operations of the sorting in first letters1 for it can be done quite easily in one4 ,the following suggestion made by ,mr4 ,blackburn is a good one1 and is likely to save the very possible mixture of some of the heaps3 ,in my own practice ,i have got into a way of letting the slips fall on the table at an angle of forty-five degrees4 ,then1 if the accumulation of titles should cause the heaps to slide1 they will run into one another distinct1 so that they can be separated instantly without sorting afresh4 ,i have never myself found any difficulty in sorting out into first letters at one time1 and it soon becomes easy to place the slips in their proper heaps without any thought4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,b4 ,perkins1 of the ,boston ,public ,library1 however1 in his paper on ,book ,indexes gives some good directions which are worth quoting here3 ,next alphabet them by initial letters4 ,this process is usually best done by using a diagram or imaginary frame of five rows of five letters each1 on which to put the titles at this first handling4 ,the following arrangement of printers' dashes will show what ,i mean4 7,the letters placed at the left hand of the first row and right hand of the last indicate well enough where the rest belong47 ,a ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,u ,b ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,v ,c ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,w ,d ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,x ,e ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ,,yz4#bj #bj ,public ,libraries in the ,united ,states4 ,special ,report4 ,part ,i41 #ahgf1 p4 #gcj4 ,when the alphabetical arrangement is completed so far as the indexer considers it necessary for his purpose1 it is time to think of the pasting down of the slips4 ,this can be done in several ways1 and the operator will doubtless choose that which suits him best4 ,as already remarked1 men will always find out the way most agreeable to themselves1 and it is unwise to insist on others following our way in preference to their own4 ,the human mind is capable of interesting itself in almost anything it may undertake2 but indexing cannot be other than hard work1 and it is unfair to make it harder by fixing unnecessary limits4 ,the worker is always happier at his work if he is allowed to do it in his own way4 ,the first thing to settle is as to the paper upon which the index is to be pasted4 ,a very large-sized paper is inconvenient1 and foolscap or quarto is the best for constant handling1--all the pages should be of exactly the same size4 ,sometimes it is necessary to have a small margin1 but generally the width of the paper used for the index should be followed4 ,there is no greater mistake than to study economy in the use of paper for pasting on4 ,some persons have facilities for the use of wastepaper that has been printed on on one side1 and1 not having been used1 is in good order and of equal size4 ,some persons cut up newspapers1 but this is a practice not to be recommended1 not only on account of the print1 but because the paper is generally so abominably bad and tearable4 ,if the wastepaper referred to above is not within reach1 it is well to buy a good printing-paper1 which can be cut into the size required4 ,there are1 however1 many cheap papers already machine-cut into the size required1 which can easily be obtained4 ,some with the love of saving strong upon them cut up newspapers into lengths of about four inches wide1 and paste the slips upon these1 with the result that all the ragged ends give continual trouble1 and are apt to be torn away4 ,of all savings1 this is the most ill-advised4 ,although the copy is to be printed from at once1 and will soon become useless1 it is a great comfort to have material that is convenient to handle while it is required4 ,some thought may also be given to the compositor1 whose life will be made a burden to him if you send him copy with all the ends loose4 ,it is also well to keep the pages as flat as possible1 so that a heap of these do not wobble about1 but keep together smooth and tidy4 ,sometimes it may be desirable to paste only on half the paper1 so as to have room for additional entries4 ,if this is done1 the side must be altered periodically1 or the pages will slip about and give endless trouble4 ,when the index is in course of arrangement the greatest care must be taken that none of the slips are lost1 for such a loss is almost irreparable--first because you do not know when a slip goes astray2 and even if you do know of your loss it is almost impossible to remedy it1 as you have no clue to the place from which the slip came4 ,there will always be anxiety to the indexer while his work is being cut up and sorted4 ,a breeze from a window when a door is opened may blow some of his slips away4 ,too many of the slips should not be allowed on the table at one time1 and the indexer will feel the greatest comfort when he knows that his slips are safely reposing in their several envelopes4 ,all queries should also be kept in envelopes1 and each envelope should be inscribed with a proper description of its contents4 ,when the slips are pasted down they are safe--that is if they have been affixed securely to the paper4 ,having made these general observations1 we may now proceed to consider how to paste4 ,it seems a very simple matter1 that requires no directions2 but even here a few remarks may not be out of place4 ,when your paper is ready in a pile of about fifty pages1 each page numbered in its proper sequence1 you can proceed to work4 ,for the purpose of laying down slips on uniform pages at one time1 paste is the only satisfactory material4 ,gum will only be used by the inexperienced4 ,it cannot be used satisfactorily on large surfaces1 like paste1 and when it oozes up between the slips it is stickier and does more damage in fixing the pages together than paste does4 ,you might as well fix paperhangings on your walls with gum4 ,as to paste1 if you have a long job on hand it is better to have it made at home1 of a good consistency1 but not too thick4 ,it ought to run freely from the brush4 ,a good cook will make good paste1 but if you are specially particular you can make it yourself4 ,if you require it to last for any time1 you must add a little alum2 but when you have a big index before you1 you will use a bowl of paste in an evening1 and there is therefore no question as to keeping4 ,stickphast is a very good material2 it sticks well and keeps well1 and it is an excellent adjunct to the writing-table1 but it is not suitable for pasting down a long index4 ,it is too dear1 it is too thick1 and it is too lumpy4 ,if the paste is made at home1 it need not be lumpy2 and lumps1 when you are pasting1 are irritating to the last degree4 ,the paper and the paste being ready1 with a fair-sized brush to spread the paste1 we come to consider how best to proceed with the work in hand4 ,you require a good-sized table1--a large board on tressels in an empty room is the best1 but a dining-table will serve4 ,at the extreme right of the table you place the batch of paper upon which you are about to paste1 and then sort your slips in perfect order1 ranging them in columns from right to left4 ,the object of thus going backwards is to save you from passing over several columns as you take the slips off the table1 and1 instead1 going straight on4 ,you can push your batch of paper on as the various columns successively disappear4 ,more slips should not be set out than you can paste at one sitting1 as it is not well to leave the slips loose on the table4 ,of course1 you can paste from the left side if you wish1 and then the columns will range from left to right2 but this is not so convenient for continued arrangement of the columns of slips as you require them4 ,there are more ways than one in placing the paste upon the paper2 the most usual way is to paste down the two sides of the paper just the width of the slips1 and some add a stroke down the middle4 ,another way is to put a plentiful supply of paste on a page or board1 and then to place the back of each slip upon this4 ,if you place your fingers on the two ends and press them towards the middle1 the slip will be ready to be placed in its proper position1 having taken up just sufficient paste4 ,a still different plan is to paste the board or paper as in the previous case1 and then place the face of the whole page on this4 ,you then take it off1 and1 placing the dry side on the batch of paper1 proceed to affix the slips to it4 ,the advantage of the two last processes is that the paper is not so wet as in the first-mentioned plan1 and in consequence the paper does not curl so much1 but lies flatter4 ,in the first place the sheets must be set out separately on the floor to dry1 so that they may not stick together1 but this is not so necessary in the two latter processes4 ,some indexers strongly object to pasting4 ,this was the case with ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,malcolm1 who wrote thus to ,notes and ,queries3 ,i long ago discovered the cause of imperfections in my own work4 ,it was the 'cutting into slips' and 'laying down' processes4 ,the fact is you cannot be sure of preserving the cuttings or slips1 if very numerous2 they are almost certain to get mixed or lost1 or elude you somehow4 ,my remedy is this4 ,i now take cheap notepaper and write one entry only on each leaf4 ,having compiled my index thus from ,a to ,z1 ,i arrange my slips and manipulate them as ,i would a pack of cards1 although shuffling only for the purpose of getting the arrangement of the letters right4 ,thus ,i save myself all the labour and trouble of pasting or laying down the slips in analytical order4 ,i do not mind a little extra expenditure of paper by only entering one item on every slip1 for ,i am compensated for the appearance of bulk by finding that ,i have secured order and arrangement free from the consequences of a finical arrangement of the slips and a dirty and tiresome labour of pasting down4#ba #ba #eth ,s41 vi4 #aad 7#ahgf74 ,as already pointed out in these pages1 ,mr4 ,malcolm is quite right respecting slips for a growing index2 but when it comes to sending the copy to the printer the case is different4 ,here there is more safety in the pasted down slips1 which are less likely to be lost than the loose ones even when numbered4 ,as you proceed in your work you may wish to know how far your index agrees with other indexes in its proportion of letters1 and to calculate what proportion of the whole you have already done4 ,some calculations as to the relative extent of the different letters have been made4 ,thus ,b is the largest letter in an index of proper names1 but loses its pre-eminence in an index of subjects2 and ,s takes high rank in both classes4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,curtis1#bb of the ,eagle ,insurance ,office1 made in #aheh a calculation of the relative proportions of the different letters of the alphabet in respect to proper names4 ,he described his object in a letter entitled1 ,on the ,best ,method of ,constructing an ,index4 ,he wrote that1 having had occasion to construct an index of the lives assured in the ,eagle ,company1 he had drawn up a few observations upon the subject4 ,the requirements of an index and the proportions of its several parts are the two principal questions to be considered4 ,under the first head it may be observed that the index of a company upon a large scale should afford as much abstract information as possible4 ,those who refer to it do so with different views1 for the objects of their inquiry must necessarily vary with their respective duties4 ,it is therefore desirable that the index should be constructed with a view to provide for the wants of each person1 so far1 at least1 as to enable him to obtain information in the most direct way2 and it will be proper to insert in the index particulars some of which do not usually find a place in such a book4 ,let it be supposed that an individual signing his name ',j4 ,smith' inquires about the bonus1 premium1 or assignment1 etc41 of his policy1 without stating either number1 date1 or amount4 ,this is not an unusual case1 and it will serve to illustrate my meaning by showing the nature of the difficulties which have to be encountered4 ,j4 may stand for ,john1 ,james1 ,joseph1 etc4 ,there will probably be many of each kind in connection with the like surname1 and it would be very difficult to discover1 without a tedious investigation1 to which policy ,j4 ,smith refers1 unless the individuality of each person recorded in the index under that name be distinctly shown4 ,the 'locality' of the assurance might be adopted as a mark of distinction2 and we should in many instances be able to fix upon the right name by simply comparing the address of the writer with the place where the policy was effected4 #bb ,assurance ,magazine1 vol4 viii41 #ahfj1 pp4 #ed-g4 ,this is a most valuable suggestion to all indexers4 ,many persons1 to save trouble at the time1 write initials instead of full ,christian names4 ,it should be a rule always to write these in full4 ,when the index comes to be printed1 the ,christian names can be contracted if it is necessary to save space4 ,the most important matter in the arrangement of an index is to avoid the confusion of two persons as one1 and the possibility of making this blunder is greatly increased by the use of initials instead of full names4 ,in the ,british ,museum ,catalogue it has been found necessary in many cases to add particulars to distinguish between men with the same names4 ,mr4 ,curtis goes on to say3 ,with regard to the second part of this subject--i4e4 the proportions of the several parts of the index--,i may observe that the most useful mode of division appears to me to be that which is adopted by many offices--namely1 to classify the surname under its first letter1 and to subdivide according to the first vowel thereafter1 adopting the first subdivision for such names as ',ash1' ',epps1' etc41 which have no succeeding vowel4 ,this1 however1 is a very unnatural arrangement1 and has been1 ,i believe1 very generally given up4 ,it is therefore unnecessary to refer further to ,mr4 ,curtis's calculations of the proportions of the vowels in the subdivisions4 ,calculations can be made for the subdivision of the complete alphabet with a better result4 ,of course1 in the case of initial vowels the following consonants have most to be considered1 and in initial consonants the following vowels4 ,mr4 ,curtis's calculations respecting the first letters of surnames are of much value4 ,he used the commercial lists of the ,post ,office ,london ,directory1 and compared them with ,liverpool1 ,hull1 ,manchester1 ,sheffield1 ,birmingham1 and ,bristol directories1 and with three lists of different assurance companies2 and after making his calculations from nearly #bcc1jjj surnames1 he found the total average very similar in its result4 ,mr4 ,william ,davis made similar calculations from the ,clergy ,list1 which came out much the same4 ,these he contributed to ,notes and ,queries1#bc and subsequently he made a further calculation from ,french names4#bd #bc #bnd ,s41 vi4 #dif4 #bd #crd ,s41 iv4 #cga4 ,i have united these results in one table as follows3 ,,mr4 ,,curtis4 ,,clergy ,,list4 ,,french ,,names4 ,a #c4a #c4a #b4i ,b #aj4i #aa4c #aa4e ,c #h4e #g4i #i4b ,d #d4c #d4g #aj4g ,e #b4d #b4e #j4i ,f #c4f #c4a #c4i ,g #e4a #d4f #g4d ,h #h4f #i4c #c4e ,i1 ,j #c4b #c4e #b4d ,k #b4j #a4h #f4d ,l #d4g #d4c #aj4h ,m #f4g #f4i #h4h ,n #b4j #a4f #a4b ,o #a4j #a4a #j4f ,p #e4i #f4a #f4g ,q #j4b #j4j #j4c ,r #d4f #d4d #e4c ,s #i4g #g4g #d4c ,t #d4j #d4d #c4c ,u1 ,v #a4j #a4c #c4b ,w #g4i #h4c #j4h ,x #j4j #j4j #j4j ,y #j4e #j4d #j4a ,z #j4a #j4j #j4j ,it will be noticed that ,b is strongest in all three1 and ,c is fairly equal4 ,s is smaller in ,french names1 but probably would be much larger in ,german names4 ,h and ,w are also much smaller in ,french1 while ,d and ,l are much larger4 ,the preponderance of the latter letters is of course caused by the large number of names beginning with ,de and ,la4 ,indexes are not confined to proper names1 and therefore it is necessary to add some calculations as to the proportions of the several letters in indexes of subjects4 ,the following table is formed from three large indexes1 each different in character4 ,i4 represents ,gough's ,index to the ,publications of the ,parker ,society1 which may be taken as a very good standard index4 ,the subjects are very varied1 and there are no specially long headings2 it also contains proper names as well as subjects4 ,,ii4 represents an index of subjects in ,civil ,engineering which contains a good number of large headings4 ,,iii4 represents the index to the ,minutes of a public board1 and also contains a considerable proportion of large headings4 ,it will be seen that the numbers vary so considerably as to be of very little practical value4 ,the percentages are1 ,i think1 interesting1 but they show conclusively that indexes will vary so considerably that in order to obtain a satisfactory percentage a separate calculation will have to be made in each case4 ,large headings will vitiate any average2 in fact1 ,i have lately had to do with an index in which ,r was the largest letter1 on account of such extensive headings as ,railways and ,roads4 ,one striking point in the averages is that ,b is found to be displaced from the pre-eminent position it occupies in the percentages of proper names4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,a #aj4fg #b4fc #e4eh ,b #f4id #e4jg #f4bh ,c #ae4fc #h4bf #h4hd ,d #b4dh #d4ej #d4fe ,e #c4bc #f4id #aa4ci ,f #b4he #c4ch #a4fc ,g #d4cd #c4ef #a4hf ,h #d4cd #c4ai #b4ji ,i #a4gd #b4gb #a4ci ,j #c4ig #j4ad #j4df ,k #j4gd #j4je #j4bc ,l #e4eh #d4ig #ae4ab ,m #e4ga #e4hb #g4fg ,n #a4cg #j4ai #j4ic ,o #a4gd #a4ca #a4fc ,p #i4ca #f4ge #g4fg ,q #j4ab #j4id #j4dg ,r #b4dh #ab4ch #h4ad ,s #h4dd #ac4cb #h4ad ,t #c4fj #e4gb #a4dj ,u #j4ej #j4je #j4dg ,v #j4ii #j4fa #b4cc ,w #b4fa #g4da #a4ea ,x #j4jc #j4jj #j4jj ,y #j4bb #j4jj #j4jj ,z #j4cg #j4ji #j4jf ------ ------ ------ #ajj4jj #ajj4jj #ajj4jj ,when the whole index is pasted down it is not yet ready for the printer1 as it will require to be marked for the instruction of the compositor4 ,the printer will have general instructions as to the kind of type to be used and the plan to be adopted1 but it will be necessary to mark out those words that are not to be repeated and to insert lines indicating repetition4 ,there are also sure to be little alterations in wording1 necessitated by the coming together of the slips1 which could not be foreseen when the slips were first written out4 ,in a large work it is probable that your employers are importunate for copy1 and you will be urged to send this to the printer as you have it ready4 ,if possible1 it should be kept to the end1 so that you may look over it as a whole1 and so see that the same subjects are not in more places than one4 ,you will probably have to make modifications in your plan as you go along1 and this may cause difficulties which you will now be able to set right4 ,much of the value of an index depends upon the mode in which it is printed1 and every endeavour should be made to set it out with clearness4 ,it was not the practice in old indexes to bring the indexed word to the front1 but to leave it in its place in the sentence1 so that the alphabetical order was not made perceptible to the eye4 ,there is a great deal to arrange in preparing for the press4 ,lines of repetition are often a source of blundering1 specimens of which have already been given4 ,the dash should not be too long1 and very often space is saved and greater clearness is obtained by putting the general heading on a line by itself1 and slightly indenting the following entries4 ,black type for headings and for the references to volume and page add much to the clearness of an index1 but some persons have a decided objection to the spottiness that is thus given to the page4 ,tastes differ so much in respect to printing that it is not possible to indicate the best style to be adopted1 and so each must choose for himself4 ,one point1 however1 is of the greatest importance1 and that is where a heading is continued over leaf it should be repeated with the addition of continued at the end of the heading4 ,it is not unusual in such cases to see the dash used at the top of the page1 which is absurd4 ,when the index has been put into print1 the indexer has still to correct the press1 and this is not always an easy matter1 as the printer is scarcely likely to have understood all the necessarily elaborate and complicated marks used in preparing for the press4 ,it will therefore still be some time before the end is in sight1 and probably the indexer will see cause to agree with my statement on a former page1 that in the case of a large index1 when the indexing of the book itself is completed1 little more than half of the total work is done4 ,illustration ,illustration ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,general ,,or ,,universal ,,index4 ,when ,baillet1 the learned author of the ,jugemens des ,savans1 was appointed by ,m4 de ,lamoignon keeper of the exquisite library collected by that nobleman1 he set to work to compile an index of the contents of all the books contained in it1 and this he is said to have completed in ,august1 #afhb4 ,after this date1 however1 the ,index continued to grow1 and it extended to thirty-two folio volumes1 all written by ,baillet's own hand4 ,illustration3 ,as knowledge increases and books and magazines gather in number1 the need for many indexes becomes daily more evident4 ,we often are certain that something has been written on a subject in which we are interested1 but in vain we seek for a clue to it4 ,we want a key to all this ever-increasing literature4 ,as long ago as #ahdb the late ,thomas ,watts1 of the ,british ,museum1 one of the most learned and all-knowing of librarians1 spoke to the late ,dr4 ,greenhill of ,hastings on the need for the formation of an ,index ,society4 ,this date ,i give on the authority of ,dr4 ,greenhill4 ,mr4 ,watts was a perfect index in himself1 and few inquirers sought information from him which his fully stored mind was not able to supply2 and he was not jealous of the printed index1 as some authorities are4 ,twelve years after--in #ahed--;an announcement was made in ,notes and ,queries of the projected formation of a ,society for the ,formation of a ,general ,literary ,index4 ,in the #bnd ,series1 vol4 i41 p4 #dhf1 the late ,mr4 ,thomas ,jones1 who signed himself ,bibliothecar4 ,chetham41 commenced a series of articles1 which he continued for several years1 as a contribution to this general index2 but nothing more was heard of the society4 ,inquiries were made in various numbers of ,notes and ,queries1 but no response was obtained4 ,in #ahgf a contributor to the same periodical1 signing himself ,a4 ,h41 proposed the formation of a staff of index compilers4 ,in #ahgd the late ,professor ,stanley ,jevons published his ,principles of ,science4 ,in the chapter on ,classification he enlarged on the value of indexes1 and added3 ,the time will perhaps come when our views upon this subject will be extended1 and either ,government or some public society will undertake the systematic cataloguing and indexing of masses of historical and scientific information1 which are now almost closed against inquiry 7#ast ed41 vol4 ii41 p4 #dje2 #bnd ed41 p4 #gah74 ,in the following year ,mr4 ,edward ,solly and ,i1 without having then seen this passage1 consulted as to the possibility of starting an ,index ,society1 but postponed the actual carrying out of the scheme for a time4 ,in ,july of this same year1 #ahge1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,ashton ,cross argued in a pamphlet that a universal index might be formed by co-operation through a clearing-house1 and would pay if published in separate parts4 ,in ,september1 #ahgg1 some letters by ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,thoms1 who signed himself ,a ,lover of ,indexes1 were published in the ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 in which the foundation of an ,index ,society was strongly urged4 ,in ,october1 #ahgg1 ,mr4 ,cross read a paper before the ,conference of ,librarians1 which was a revival of the scheme previously suggested4 ,mr4 ,robert ,harrison1 late ,secretary of the ,london ,library1 in a report of the ,conference of ,librarians published in the ,athenaeum for ,october #acth1 #ahgg1 wrote3 ,could not a permanent ,index ,society be founded with the support of voluntary contributions of money as well as of subject matter8 ,in this way a regular staff could be set to work1 under competent direction1 and could be kept steadily at work until its performances became so generally known and so useful as to enable it to stand alone and be self-supporting4 ,many readers would readily jot down the name of any new subject they met with in the book before them1 and the page on which it occurs1 and forward their notes to be sorted and arranged by any society that would undertake the work4 ,mr4 ,justin ,winsor1 the late distinguished librarian of ,harvard ,university1 writing to the ,athenaeum1 said3 ,we have been in ,america striving for years to get some organised body to undertake this very work4 ,following on all this correspondence1 the ,index ,society was founded2 but after doing some useful work it was amalgamated with the ,index ,library founded by ,mr4 ,phillimore1 having failed from want of popular support4 ,this want of permanent success was probably owing to its aim being too general4 ,those who were interested in one class of index cared little for indexes which were quite different in subject4 ,i fear that the interest of the public in the production of indexes 7which is considerable7 does not go to the length of willingness to pay for these indexes1 which from the fewness of those who care for these helps must always be expensive4 ,when suggestions were made in ,notes and ,queries for the compilation and publication of certain needed indexes1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,cuthbert ,welch wrote that the editor of a journal offered to publish an index if he could obtain sufficient subscribers4 ,respecting this offer1 the publisher said1 ,altogether ,i had six offers to take one copy each4 ,this rebuff caused ,mr4 ,welch to say1 ,is it not rather that people are not energetic to buy such indexes than that publishers are not energetic enough to issue them8#be #be #hth ,s41 i4 #cfd4 ,there is still a great want for indexes of history and biography1 and it is probable that if the objects of the ,index ,society had been confined to these it might have been more successful4 ,in ,november1 #ahgh1 ,mr4 ,edward ,solly wrote a letter to me in which he sketched out a very important scheme for a biographical index which would be of the greatest value4 ,he wrote3 ,i do not think the ,index ,society can take up any subject of greater utility1 or one more likely to be of service to the general public as well as students1 than an ,index of ,biographies4 ,an entire index of all known lives would obviously be much too large an undertaking2 we can only attempt a part of the subject4 ,probably in the first instance we should do well to try and form an index of ,british lives2 such a work would ,i think1 if tolerably complete1 certainly fill at least ten large octavo volumes4 ,the work might be considerably diminished in bulk if we were to determine to leave out all names now to be found in certain standard works such as ,chalmers' ,biographical ,dictionary4 ,it is evident1 however1 that to do this would greatly diminish the value of our index1 and would cause us to put aside hundreds of memoranda which it is most important to index1 ,i mean references to more recent notes1 memoirs1 letters and anecdotes1 which are to be met with in journals and lives1 and which often throw new and important light on older published ,biographies4 ,it is on account of these difficulties that ,i would propose that we endeavour to undertake an index of ,biographical references of persons who have died in a certain given period--say #ahjj-ahbe1 or #ahjj-ahej1 or perhaps #agej-ahjj4 ,with a view to this ,i should like to see lists made of all ,biographical matters in such books as the ,gentleman's ,magazine1 ,european ,magazine1 ,monthly ,magazine1 ,anti-,jacobin ,magazine1 etc4 ,also such books as the ,annual ,necrology1 ,public ,characters1 ,living ,authors1 etc41 and thirdly of references to ,biographical ,memoranda dispersed throughout ,lives and ,memoirs such as ',kilvert's ,memoirs1' ,i mean books in which no one from the title would expect to find such information4 ,it will be seen that such an index as is here sketched would be an inestimable help to the student4 ,it would form a useful supplement to the ,dictionary of ,national ,biography1 for it must be remembered that such an index would contain a majority of references to men and women whose claims to distinction or notoriety do not attain to the standard set up by the promoters of that grand work4 ,possibly1 if such an index was undertaken by co-operation as an object in itself1 and not as one among other subjects1 it might be compiled in one alphabet instead of in periods1 which would make it much more valuable for reference4 ,naturally the great advantage of periods is that1 if left incomplete1 what is published 7if it covers a period7 will always be of value1 while a portion of the alphabet would be almost worthless4 ,the ,rev4 ,john ,e4 ,b4 ,mayor has collected a great mass of biographical references which are of much value4 ,in an interesting communication on his indexes he suggests the formation of a ,british ,biographical ,society which might be called the ,antony ,wood ,society4#bf #bf ,notes and ,queries1 #eth ,s41 xii4 #eaa4 ,there is one project of the ,index ,society which has never been undertaken1 but which is still wanted as much as ever--viz4 a general or universal index4 ,some think this to be an impossibility1 and that to attempt its preparation is a waste of time4 ,those who hold this opinion have not sufficient faith in the simplicity and usefulness of the alphabet4 ,every one has notes and references of some kind1 which are useless if kept unarranged1 but1 if sorted into alphabetical order1 become valuable4 ,the object of the general index is just this1 that anything1 however disconnected1 can be placed there1 and much that would otherwise be lost will there find a resting-place4 ,always growing and never pretending to be complete1 the index will be useful to all1 and its consulters will be sure to find something worth their trouble1 if not all they may require4 ,some attempts have been made at compiling a general index1 for what are ,poole's ,index1 ,index of ,essays1 ,q4,p4 ,indexes1 ,hetherington's ,index to the ,periodicals of the ,world1 and ,indexes to ,the ,times1 but contributions towards a universal index8 ,such a work as is here proposed can scarcely be carried out unless ,government aid is extended to it2 but surely the small amount of money that need be expended upon a sort of general inquiry office would be well laid out6 ,a sort of skeleton index of universal information might be drawn up1 and this could be added to gradually1 partly by specialised effort and partly by the reception of any stray references of interest sent by those who recognise that their notes would find a home4 ,this could be kept in a clearing-house and reference-room4 ,when the index had become of some importance1 and was recognised as a help to the inquirer1 it could be printed4 ,when published1 it might be interleaved1 so that additions might be made which could be sent to the office4 ,gradually the index would grow into a work of very considerable importance4 ,one of the chief objections to index catalogues of public libraries is that the same work is practically repeated by each library1 while a general index would be useful to all4 ,surely some arrangement might be made by which the various libraries would contribute funds to the central office and receive the indexes1 which would serve their purpose as well as those of all the other libraries6 ,having said so much1 it seems necessary to explain rather more fully what the general index should contain and what should be omitted4 ,to explain it in a few words1 it should be a sort of encyclopaedia of references rather than of direct information2 but it should contain more headings than any existing encyclopaedia4 ,every one must have felt the want of some book which would give information or references on a large number of subjects that are constantly topics of ordinary conversation1 but are consistently ignored in the ordinary books of reference4 ,on the other hand1 mere technical references should be omitted1 because these details would overload the work1 and because specialists have their own sources of information4 ,it is the general information which every one is supposed to possess that is so difficult to obtain4 ,in the first instance the groundwork of the index should be laid down with care by an expert4 ,all special bibliographies should be entered under their subjects1 both those published separately and those included in other books4 ,various societies have published indexes4 ,there are those among the publications of the ,index ,society and many others4 ,the ,bibliographical ,society has published indexes to the ,german periodical ,serapeum and to ,dibdin's edition of ,ames' and ,herbert's ,typographical ,antiquities2 but very few persons know of these books4 ,the authorities of the ,british ,museum have given students an immense help by gathering separate indexes and bibliographies on various subjects into the dwarf bookcases in the ,reading-room4 ,here are a large number of aids to knowledge of which the general reader would have known nothing if they had not so obligingly been brought under his notice4#bg #bg ,the late ,professor ,justin ,winsor gave a list of indexes in his useful ,handbook for ,readers 7for the ,boston ,public ,library72 and ,i added a ,preliminary ,list of ,indexes to ,what is an ,index8 ,london1 #ahgi4 ,other lists have also been published by the ,british ,museum1 etc4 ,a large number of books contain special information of importance on various subjects1 the existence of which would never be guessed from the titles4 ,attempts at general indexes of special subjects have been published1 such as ,f4 ,s4 ,thomas's ,historical ,notes 7#aeji-agad71 and the main points of these should be included in the proposed ,general ,index4 ,when a good groundwork has been made1 the index could be printed2 and doubtless1 if this printed index was widely circulated1 a large number of helpers would speedily be found4 ,many persons know of places where full information on some subject may be found1 and would be glad to place their collections where they would be helpful to others4 ,there can surely be no doubt that a general inquiry office with such an ever-growing index and a library of printed indexes would be a boon not only to the student1 but to the general public4 ,every day the great truth that keys to knowledge are more and more required is generally appreciated4 ,as a groundwork for such a general index1 selection could be made from the books already mentioned2 and from the index volumes of ,watt's ,bibliotheca ,britannica 7#ahbd71 which1 with all its faults1 is one of the most valuable helps to bibliography1 and the subject index of ,james ,darling's ,cyclopaedia ,bibliographica 7#ahed-ahei71 many useful references could be obtained4 ,these two books are gradually getting out of date1 but information may be obtained from their pages which is not easily to be obtained elsewhere4 ,in closing this subject1 ,i feel that too great honour cannot be done to the memory of ,w4 ,f4 ,poole1 who placed the world under great obligations by the production of his ,index of ,periodical ,literature4 ,as far back as #ahdh1 when a student at ,yale ,college1 he published an ,index to ,subjects treated in the ,reviews and other ,periodicals 7,new ,york74 ,in #ahec an improved edition was published as the ,index to ,periodical ,literature4 ,when ,mr4 ,poole attended the ,library ,conference at ,london in #ahgg he expressed publicly his pleasure in seeing on the shelves of the ,british ,museum ,library a copy of his first index1 which he had not seen for some years elsewhere4 ,he realised that the work1 if it were to be continued1 was too great an undertaking for one man1 and he succeeded in arranging for a co-operative index1 which is continued now in several supplements under the able superintendence of ,mr4 ,william ,i4 ,fletcher4 ,an ,index to the ,times was started by ,j4 ,giddings in #ahfb-fc1 but not continued4 ,later1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,palmer commenced a ,quarterly ,index1 which has been continued forward to the present time1 and also backward4 ,in #ahii ,bailey's ,annual ,index to the ,times came into being4 ,the indexing of a paper such as the ,times is a very arduous and difficult undertaking4 ,in consequence1 these indexes cannot be considered as models of what such works should be4 ,mr4 ,corrie ,leonard ,thompson criticises in ,notes and ,queries 7#gth ,s41 x4 #cde7 the arrangement of the headings of ,palmer's ,index to the ,times severely1 but not unfairly4 ,he writes3 ,the following are instances of the absurdities which appear in the volume just issued 7,oct4-,dec4 #ahdb71 and will serve to illustrate the system which has been adopted throughout the index3 ,in ,november1 #ahdb1 a floating chapel on the ,severn was loosed from its moorings2 this occurrence appears in the index under the heading1 ',disgraceful ,act4' ,again1 referring to the dry weather that was prevailing at the time1 the entry is1 ',present ,dry ,season4' ,other references to the same subject are1 however1 to be found under the heading ',weather1' which of course is correct4 ,a more marked example of carelessness or ignorance of the art of indexing1 or both1 is that of two women who were committed to ,ruthin prison--one1 ,amelia ,home for firing a pistol at a man named ,roberts2 the other1 ,jane ,williams1 for stealing a mare belonging to ,robert ,owen4 ,this occurrence is entered under the letter ,r--',rather uncommon for ,females4' ,the chance of any one looking under ,rather for an occurrence of this kind must be infinitesimal1 to say the least of it2 and so on4 ,a storm at ,saone-et-,loire is indexed under ',fatal ,storm1' and an account of the trial of a small boy for stealing a twopenny pie will be found under ',atrocious ,criminal4' ,a certain ,jane ,thomas was so overjoyed at seeing her mother waiting at the stage-door of a theatre that she died in her arms4 ,the employment of capitals is most remarkable1 as is also the arrangement of the words1 ',death of ,jane ,thomas in her ,mother's ,arms in ,holborn at ,joy in ,seeing her parent at the ,stage ,door to ,receive her4' ,the errors pointed out in these examples1 omitting the last instance1 as well as the additional fault of indexing under adjectives which have no distinctive feature in them to guide the searcher1 evidently arise from the fact that the simple heading of the newspaper article has been taken1 without any attempt being made to discover the actual contents of such article4 ,as already stated on a previous page1 it is most important to index the articles in periodicals afresh1 and not always to follow the heading of the original4 ,this is of course more particularly the case in respect to newspapers1 where the headings are drawn up to catch the reader's eye4 ,the same rule may be insisted on in respect to all indexing1 and this is so important that the restatement of it may well conclude this little volume4 ,in making a general index of several volumes1 always index the volumes afresh1 and do not be contented with using what has been done before4 ,it is always wiser to put 'new wine into new bottles4' ,illustration ,,index4 ,abecedarie as a synonym of index1 #h4 ,acrostic as a motto for an index1 #he4 ,adjectives1 when to be used as catchwords1 #aea4 ---- 7substantival7 as headings1 #aea4 ,allibone's ,dictionary of ,english ,literature alluded to1 #hg4 ---- the forty indexes1 #aee4 ,alphabet 7,one7 for indexes1 #acd2 order of the ,english alphabet1 #ace4 ,alphabetisation1 ,want of complete1 in indexes1 #fe4 ,alphabets1 ,variety of1 in indexes1 #fi4 ,annual ,register1 fourteen alphabets in the index1 #gj4 ,antonio 7,n471 value of his ,bibliotheca ,hispana1 #hh4 ---- his quotation of the remark that an index should be made by the author of the book1 #aji4 ,appendix1 objection to the plural appendices1 #ab4 ,archaeological ,epistle to ,dean ,milles1 not by ,mason1 but by ,baynes1 #hb4 ,arrangement 7,bad7 in indexes1 #fd4 ,athenaeum 7,the71 suggestion of an ,index ,society in #ahgg1 #bji4 ,athenaeum library catalogue1 index of subjects1 #aag1 #abd4 ,athenian ,oracle1 ,index to1 #cj4 ,atterbury 7,bishop71 his connection with the attack upon ,dr4 ,bentley1 #dj4 ,authorities quoted or referred to to be indexed1 #aei4 ,ayenbite of ,inwyt1 table of contents to the book1 #f4 ,baillet1 his index to the books in the ,lamoignon ,library1 #bjf4 ,baret's ,alvearie1 use of the words index and table in that book1 #h4 ,baronius1 noble index to his ,annales ,ecclesiastici1 #hi4 ,bartlett 7,john71 concordance to ,shakespeare1 #abj4 ,bayle1 his opinion on the need of judgment in the compilation of an index1 #acb4 ,baynes 7,john71 his terrible curse1 #hb4 ,bellenden 7,mary7 maligned in an index1 #ha4 ,bentham's ,works1 ,good index to1 by ,j4 ,h4 ,burton1 #ajb4 ,bentley's ,dissertation on the ,epistle of ,phalaris1 attack of the ,wits upon this book and ,dr4 ,king's ,index1 #cf4 ,best 7,mr4 ,justice71 his great mind1 #aeg4 ,bible1 ,concordances to the1 #aai4 ,bibliothecar4 ,chetham41 his contribution to a general index in ,notes and ,queries1 #bjg4 ,biglow ,papers1 ,humorous index to1 #cc4 ,biographical 7,british7 ,society suggested by the ,rev4 ,john ,e4 ,b4 ,mayor1 #bad4 ,biography1 ,dictionary of ,national1 plan of arranging peers under their surnames instead of their titles1 #adf4 ,birdwood's 7,sir ,george7 note ,on the ,indexing of the ,names of ,eastern ,people1 #afd4 ,blackburn 7,charles ,f471 ,hints on ,catalogue ,titles quoted1 #ahc4 ,book ,prices ,current1 ,general index to1 #aac4 ,boswell's ,life of ,johnson1 ,boswell's own index1 #aji4 ---- ,dr4 ,birkbeck ,hill's admirable index to his edition1 #aje4 ,boyle 7,hon4 ,charles71 his attack upon ,bentley1 #cf4 ---- offended ,atterbury1 #dj4 ,boyle upon ,bentley1 #cf4 ,boyle's 7,hon4 ,robert7 ,considerations touching ,natural ,philosophy1 table of contents called an index1 #ac4 ,british ,association ,reports1 index in six alphabets1 #gj4 ,british ,museum1 collection of indexes in the ,reading-room a great boon1 #bah4 ---- proposed subject index to the catalogue of the library1 #abf4 ,bromley's 7,william7 ,travels1 ill-natured index made to them by ,dr4 ,king1 #dd2 his note on the attack made upon him1 #df2 his ,jacobite leanings1 #eb2 his portrait at ,oxford1 #eb4 ,bruce's 7,john7 edition of ,historie of ,edward ,,iv41 absurd filling up of initials ,j4 ,c41 #gh4 ,brunet 7,g47 translates ,white ,knight as ,le ,chevalier ,blanc1 #gg4 ,buckland 7,dr47 said to be the author of a work ,sur les ,ponts et ,chaussees1 #gg4 ,burton 7,hill71 ,book-,hunter1 allusion to the power in the hands of an indexer1 #bd4 ---- his reference to ,prynne's ,histrio-,mastix1 #bj4 ---- his index to ,bentham's ,works1 #ajb4 ,calendar as a synonym of index1 #g4 ,camden ,society's publications1 ,proposed index to1 #aab4 ,campbell 7,lady ,charlotte7 maligned in an index1 #ha4 ,campbell 7,lord7 proposed punishment for the publication of an indexless book1 #hb4 ---- his confession1 #hc4 ,campkin 7,henry71 plea for index-makers1 #ib4 ,canadian ,journal1 bad index1 #ef4 ,capgrave's ,chronicle of ,england1 blunder in the index1 #ff4 ,cards or separate slips used for indexes1 #ahb4 ,carlyle 7,thomas71 he denounces the putters-forth of indexless books1 #hb1 #ia4 ---- his reference to ,prynne's ,histrio-,mastix1 #ae4 ---- his remarks on the want of indexes to the standard historical collections1 #ia4 ,catalogue as a synonym of index1 #g4 ,catalogues1 ,indexes to1 #abc4 ---- of libraries1 ,indexes to1 #abc4 ,chitty 7,e471 his supposed grudge against ,justice ,best1 #aeg4 ,christian ,observer1 ,index to1 by ,macaulay1 #ia4 ,cicero1 his use of the word index1 #f1 #h4 ,clark's 7,perceval7 index to ,trevelyan's ,life of ,macaulay1 #ie4 ,clarke 7,mrs4 ,cowden71 her ,concordance to ,shakespeare1 #abj4 ,clarke 7,william7 quoted1 #aah4 ,classification within the alphabet1 ,evils of1 #eh1 #fg4 ,cobbett's ,woodlands quoted1 #gb4 ,coke 7,lord ,chief ,justice7 an inaccurate man1 #aja4 ,commonplace books1 ,indexes to1 #agd4 ,concordances to the ,bible1 #aai4 ,concordances to ,shakespeare1 #abj4 ,contractions1 dangers in filling them out1 #gh4 ,corpus ,christi ,guild1 ,york1 ,incomplete index to ,the ,register of1 #abb4 ,crestadoro's ,index to the ,manchester ,free ,library ,catalogue1 #abe4 ,cross 7,j4 ,ashton71 proposal for a universal index1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,cross references not usually popular1 #aeh4 ---- curiosities of1 #gb4 ---- want of1 in indexes1 #gj4 ,cunningham 7,mr47 paid ,l#ejj for indexing1 #ig4 ,curll's authors1 instructions how to find them1 #ec4 ,curtis 7,f4 ,a47 on the best method of constructing an index1 #aie4 ,cutter's rule as to the arrangement of peers under their surnames1 #adf4 ,cutting up of entries when written on pages of paper1 #ahb4 ,da1 surnames not to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,dal surnames to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,darling's 7,james7 ,cyclopaedia ,bibliographica1 ,index1 #bbj4 ,dashes in printing representing repetition to be of uniform length1 #afa1 #bjd2 instances of incorrect use of them1 #hj1 #ach4 ,de1 ,french surnames not to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada2 ,english surnames to be arranged under this prefix1 #adb4 ,de ,quincey on ,bentley1 #ci4 ,del1 ,della1 surnames to be arranged under these prefixes1 #ada4 ,des1 surnames to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,dictionary catalogue1 its history1 #abi4 ---- ,mr4 ,fortescue's objections to it1 #acj4 ,dictionary makers really indexers1 #abj4 ,disraeli's 7,isaac7 ,literary ,miscellanies quoted1 #a4 ,drayton 7,m471 his use of the word index1 #aa4 ,du1 surnames to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,dugdale's ,warwickshire1 the words index and table both used1 #i4 ,dumas 7,alexandre7 pere et fils1 confused with ,alexandre pere et fils1 harmonium-makers1 #bd4 ,eadie's ,dictionary of the ,bible1 ,cross reference in1 #gb4 ,electricity1 ,indexes of1 #abc4 ,ellis's ,original ,letters quoted1 #ai4 ,encyclopaedia ,britannica1 ,cross references in1 #gb1 #gd4 ,envelopes as safe receptacles for index slips1 #ahb1 #ahi4 ,erasmus made alphabetical indexes1 #g4 ,fetis ,musical ,library1 blunder in the index to the catalogue1 #bd4 ,flaxman 7,dr4 ,roger7 paid ,l#cjjj for indexing1 #ig4 ,fleming 7,abraham71 his use of the word index1 #h4 ,fletcher 7,william ,i471 his valuable additions to index literature1 #bba4 ,ford's ,handbook of ,spain1 ,amusing cross reference in1 #gf4 ,forster 7,rev4 --7 paid ,l#cjjj for indexing1 #ig4 ,fortescue 7,g4 ,k47 on the proposed subject index to the ,british ,museum library catalogue1 #abf4 ---- on five-yearly indexes to the ,british ,museum catalogue1 #abh4 ,freeman's opinion that foreign names should be ,englished1 #add4 ,freemason1 bad index quoted1 #ed4 ,fuller 7,thomas7 quoted1 #c1 #agb4 ,gay's ,trivia1 humorous index1 #cb4 ,gentleman's ,magazine1 badness of the index of names1 #aec4 ,gerarde's ,herbal1 by ,johnson1 use of the words index and table in that book1 #i4 ,giddings 7,j471 index to ,the ,times1 #bba4 ,glanville's 7,joseph7 ,vanity of ,dogmatizing quoted1 #b4 ,gough 7,h471 index to ,parker ,society's publications1 #aab4 ,greenhill 7,dr47 on the formation of an ,index ,society1 #bjg4 ,gruter's ,thesaurus ,inscriptionum1 index to the book by ,scaliger1 #hh4 ,gum an unsatisfactory material for laying down slips1 #ahi4 ,hardy 7,sir ,t4 ,duffus71 remarks on the ,pye-book1 #g4 ,hare's ,walks in ,london1 ,index to1 #aeb4 ,harley 7,robert1 ,earl of ,oxford71 the index to ,bromley's ,travels attributed to him1 #df1 #dh4 ,harrison 7,robert7 proposes the formation of an ,index ,society in ,the ,athenaeum1 #bji4 ,hawkins's ,pleas of the ,crown1 ,odd cross references in1 #ge4 ,headings1 alphabetical arrangement of1 #acg4 ---- instances of bad1 #ed4 ---- printing of1 #afj4 ,henrietta ,maria offended with ,prynne's ,histrio-,mastix1 #ah4 ,heskeths1 their change of name1 #aea4 ,hetherington's 7,miss7 opinions on the indexing of periodicals1 #ei2 specimens of absurd references quoted by her1 #fj2 on the qualifications of an indexer1 #aad4 ,hill's 7,dr4 ,birkbeck7 admirable indexes1 #aje-ajh4 ,historical collections1 need of indexes to these standard works1 #ia4 ,homer1 poetical index to ,pope's translation of the ,iliad1 #ba4 ,house of ,commons' ,journals1 sums paid for the indexes1 #ig4 ,hume 7,david71 index to his ,essays1 #bc2 he was glad to be saved from the drudgery of making one1 #bc4 ,hunt 7,leigh71 his opinion on index-making1 #bf4 ---- supposed author of the joke on ,best's great mind1 #aeg4 ,hutchins's ,dorset1 ,separate indexes to1 #fi4 ,hyphen1 ,use of1 in compound names1 #adi4 ,i and ,j to be kept distinct1 #ff1 #ace4 ,im ,thurn1 place of this name in the alphabet1 #adc4 ,index1 alphabetical order not at first considered essential1 #f2 classification to be abjured in an alphabetical index1 #eh1 #fg2 evils of dividing an index into several alphabets1 #fi2 ,general or ,universal ,index 7chap4 viii471 #bjf1 #bbc2 history of the word1 #g2 use by the ,romans1 #f2 naturalisation of the word in ,english1 #h2 introduced into ,english in the nominative case1 #aj2 ,how to ,set ,about the ,index 7chap4 vii471 #agb-bje2 long struggle with the word table1 #g2 soul of a book1 ,title-page2 one index to each book1 #acd2 two chief causes of the badness of indexes1 #fd2 varied kinds of1 #e4 ,index-learning ridiculed1 #b4 ,index ,society1 its formation1 #baj2 published index to ,trevelyan's ,life of ,macaulay1 #ie2 amalgamation with the ,index ,library1 #baj4 ,indexer1 chief characteristics of a good indexer1 #aaf2 difference of opinion as to whether the indexer is born1 not made1 not born1 but made1 or born and made1 #aad2 power in his hands1 #ic2 ,the ,bad ,indexer 7chap4 iii471 #ec-hd2 ,the ,good ,indexer 7chap4 iv471 #he-aag4 ,indexes1 ,amusing and ,satirical ,indexes 7chap4 ii471 #be-eb2 ,different ,classes of ,indexes 7chap4 v471 #aah-aca2 ,general ,rules for ,alphabetical ,indexes 7chap4 vi471 #acb-aga2 list of indexes1 #bah2 official indexes1 #if2 to great authors proposed1 #aaa2 veneration due to the inventor of indexes1 #a4 ,india said in the index to ,capgrave's ,chronicle to be conquered by ,judas ,maccabeus1 #ff4 ,indical1 word used by ,fuller1 #d4 ,indice1 word used by ,ben ,jonson1 #aj4 ---- ,french word1 #aj4 ---- ,italian word1 #aj4 ,indices1 objections to the use of this plural in ,english1 #aa4 ,indicium1 the original of the ,french indice1 #aj4 ,initials1 ,careless use of1 #afa4 ,inventory as a synonym of index1 #g4 ,j4,c41 absurd filling out of these initials1 #gh4 ,jaggard's 7,william7 index to ,book ,prices ,current1 #aac4 ,jeake's ,arithmetick ,surveighed and ,reviewed1 ,index to1 #hi4 ,jevons 7,professor ,stanley71 his suggestion of an ,index ,society1 #bjh4 ---- his ,principles of ,science quoted1 #bjh4 ,jewel's ,apology by ,isaacson1 bad index1 #ef4 ,jews generally wore red hats in ,italy1 but not at ,leghorn1 #ea4 ,johnson 7,dr471 his division of necessary knowledge1 #e4 ---- advises ,richardson to add an index to his novels1 #ba4 ,jones 7,thomas71 his contribution to a general index in ,notes and ,queries1 #bjg4 ,jonson 7,ben71 his use of the word indice1 #aj4 ,king 7,dr4 ,william71 the inventor of satirical indexes1 #ce4 ---- his attack upon ,bentley in the index to ,boyle upon ,bentley1 #cf4 ,king 7,dr4 ,william71 his parody of ,lister's ,journey to ,paris1 #db4 ---- his attack upon ,sir ,hans ,sloane and the ,philosophical ,transactions1 #db4 ---- satirical index to ,bromley's ,travels1 #dd4 ,knowledge1 what is true1 #a4 ,la1 surnames to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,lamoignon 7,m4 de71 his library1 indexed by ,baillet1 #bjf4 ,lawyers good indexers1 #ih4 ,le1 surnames to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,library ,association1 ,index to ,reports1 #aac4 ,lister's ,journey to ,paris parodied by ,dr4 ,king1 #db4 ,littre1 his derivation of indice1 #aj4 ,london 7,george71 his name often spelt ,loudon1 #fg4 ,longman's ,magazine1 bad index1 #fc4 ,loudon 7,c4 ,j471 the ,duke of ,wellington mistakes his signature for that of the ,bishop of ,london1 #fg4 ,lowell's ,biglow ,papers1 humorous index1 #cc4 ,m' and ,mc to be arranged as if written ,mac1 #ade4 ,macaulay 7,lord7 an indexer1 #ia4 ---- indexers treated with contempt by him1 #ib4 ---- his opinion on the index to his ,history1 #ic4 ---- objection to the indexing of his ,history by a ,tory1 #ic4 ---- his ,englishing of foreign names approved by ,freeman1 #add4 ---- on ,bentley's foibles1 #ch4 ,maine 7,duc de71 ,duc of ,maine1 ,duke de ,maine1 or ,duke of ,maine1 #add4 ,malcolm 7,e4 ,h47 quoted1 #aic4 ,markland 7,j4 ,h471 remarks on indexing1 #hb4 ,mayor's 7,rev4 ,john ,e4 ,b47 collection of biographical references1 #bad4 ,michel's 7,dan7 ,ayenbite of ,inwyt1 table of contents1 #f4 ,minsheu1 his use of the word index1 #i4 ,montaigne's ,essays1 index to ,florio's translation1 #ab4 ,moore 7,edward7 paid ,l#fdjj for indexing1 #ig4 ,more 7,hannah71 ,macaulay's letter to her1 #ia4 ,morley 7,john7 protests against indexless books1 #hd4 ,morris 7,william7 on an absurd cross reference1 #gb4 ,names1 authors arranged under their ,christian names1 #hi2 compound names1 #adi2 proper names with prefixes1 #ade2 rule for the arrangement of compound names1 #adi2 rules for the arrangement of foreign and ,english respectively1 #ada1 #adb4 ,north's ,lives of the ,norths1 index to ,jessopp's edition1 #agi4 ,norton 7,thomas71 ,remembrancer of ,london1 an indexer1 #he4 ,notes and ,queries1 announcement in its pages of the projected formation of an ,index ,society in #ahed1 #bjg4 ---- indexes highly appreciated1 #aab4 ,noy 7,attorney-,general7 prosecutes ,prynne1 #ae ,numerals1 ,use of1 for series of volumes1 #aei4 ,oldys 7,william7 on the need of indexes1 #hf4 ,oriental names1 ,rules for indexing1 #afc2 ,sir ,george ,birdwood's notes on the names of ,eastern people1 #afd4 ,oxford 7,robert ,harley1 ,earl of7 reported to be author of the index to ,bromley's ,travels1 #df1 #dh4 ,page1 when a division of a1 should be marked1 #aei4 ,paget 7,sir ,james7 pleased to make an index1 #bc4 ,paper1 saving of1 an unwise economy1 #agf1 #ahg4 ,parr 7,dr471 note on the index to ,bromley's ,travels1 #dg4 ,paste the only material for laying down slips1 #ahi4 ,peacock 7,edward71 detection of blunders in ,oxford reprint of ,whitelock's ,memorials1 #aha4 ,peers to be arranged under their titles1 #ade4 ,penny ,cyclopaedia1 vague cross references in1 #gc4 ,periodicals1 transactions1 etc41 ,indexing of1 #aba2 usually badly indexed1 #ei4 ,perkins 7,f4 ,b471 plan of arranging slips1 #ahe4 ,philosophical ,transactions laughed at by ,dr4 ,king1 #db4 ,pineda 7,juan de71 index to his ,monarchia ,ecclesiastica1 #hi4 ,plays1 ,prynne's attack upon1 #af4 ,plinie's ,natural ,historie1 by ,holland1 ,use of the word index in1 #aj4 ,plutarch's ,lives1 by ,north1 the index called a table1 #h4 ,poole's 7,w4 ,f47 ,index to ,periodical ,literature quoted1 #ei2 its great value1 #bbj2 new edition by co-operation1 #bba2 his remarks on cross references1 #ga4 ,printing of headings1 #afj2 special type1 #afj4 ,prynne1 ,histrio-,mastix1 specimens from the index1 #ad4 ---- a martyr to his conscientiousness in making an index1 #ae4 ,puritans1 ,prynne's praise of1 #ag4 ,pye as a synonym of index1 #g 7note74 ,pye-book1 derivation1 #g 7note74 ,ranke's ,history of ,england1 issue of revised index by the ,clarendon ,press1 #aac4 ,rawlinson 7,dr47 on the index to ,bromley's ,travels1 #de4 ,register as a synonym of index1 #g1 #h4 ,remembrancia1 ,index to1 quoted1 #he4 ,repetition1 ,marks of1 in an index1 #afa1 #bjd2 instances of incorrect use of them1 #hj1 #ach4 ,richardson 7,s471 index to his three novels1 #bb4 ---- a practised indexer1 #bb4 ,royal ,society attacked by ,dr4 ,king1 #db4 ,rules for ,alphabetical ,indexes 7chap4 vi471 #acb-aga4 ,rules for cataloguing referred to1 #acc4 ,ruskin's ,fors ,clavigera1 ,index to1 #ajc4 ,russell 7,constance1 ,lady7 points out confusions in indexes1 #hj4 ,st4 to be arranged in the alphabet as ,saint1 #ade4 ,saints to be arranged under their proper names1 #ade4 ,scaliger1 his index to ,gruter's ,thesaurus ,inscriptionum1 #hh4 ,schmidt 7,dr4 ,alexander71 ,shakespeare ,lexicon 7#ahgd71 #abj4 ,scholar's 7,a7 opposition to publication of a subject-index to the ,british ,museum library catalogue1 #abf4 ,scientific books1 ,indexing of1 #abj4 ,scobell's ,acts and ,ordinances of ,parliament1 the words index and table both used1 #i4 ,selwyn 7,george71 and his ,contemporaries1 published without an index1 #hd4 ,seneca1 his indication of the contents of his books1 #f4 ,shakespeare1 his use of the word index1 #aa4 ,shenstone's ,schoolmistress1 humorous table of contents1 #ca4 ,shylock acted by ,macklin in a red hat1 #ea4 ,sloane 7,sir ,hans7 laughed at by ,dr4 ,king1 #db4 ,solly 7,edward71 calculation of the time wasted in looking up a reference in the index to the ,gentleman's ,magazine1 #aec4 ---- note on early indexes1 #ad4 ---- proposes the formation of an ,index ,society1 #bjh4 ---- scheme of a biographical index1 #baa4 ,spectator1 ,the1 ,index to1 #cj4 ,spectators1 ,tatlers1 and ,guardians1 general index1 #bi4 ,speed's ,history of ,great ,britaine1 the words index and table both used1 #aj4 ,state papers1 indexes to the calendars1 #ig4 ,statutes of the realm1 valuable index to the edition of the ,record ,commission1 #ih4 ,stephen 7,sir ,j4 ,fitzjames7 on a complete digest of the law1 #ii4 ---- on the early digesters of the law1 #aja4 ,summary as a synonym of index1 #g4 ,swift's ,battle of the ,books quoted1 #ch4 ---- ,condition of ,edmund ,curll quoted1 #ec4 ---- his satirical reference to index-learning1 #b4 ---- ,tale of a ,tub quoted1 #b4 ---- ,works edited by ,scott1 bad index1 #aed4 ,syllabus as a synonym of index1 #g1 #h4 ,table as a synonym of index1 #g1 #h1 #i4 ,tatler1 ,the1 ,index to1 #bg4 ,tedder 7,h4 ,r471 his indexes to ,reports of ,conference of ,librarians and ,library ,association1 #aab4 ,ten ,brink1 place of this name in the alphabet1 #adc4 ,thomas 7,f4 ,s471 ,historical ,notes referred to1 #bai4 ,thompson 7,corrie ,l471 his criticism of ,palmer's index to ,the ,times1 #bba4 ,thoms 7,w4 ,j47 urged the formation of an ,index ,society1 #bji4 ,thring 7,lord71 his instructions for an index to the ,statute ,law1 #ih4 ,thrub-chandler1 ,bung of a1 #gc4 ,times 7,the71 ,indexes to1 #bba2 criticism on ,palmer's index1 #bba4 ,translations 7,french7 of titles1 #gg4 ,trevelyan's ,life of ,macaulay1 ,index to1 by ,perceval ,clark1 #ie4 ,u and ,n1 ,confusion between1 #ff4 ,u and ,v to be kept distinct1 #ff1 #ace4 ,van1 foreign names not to be indexed under this prefix1 #ada4 ---- ,english names to be indexed under this prefix1 #adb4 ,vergil 7,polydore71 ,anglicae ,historiae has a good index1 #ad4 ,von1 surnames not to be arranged under this prefix1 #ada4 ,walford 7,cornelius71 inquiry for the earliest index1 #ad4 ,walpole's ,letters1 ,bad index to1 #gi2 examples of bad entries1 #hj4 ,warton's ,history of ,english ,poetry1 index1 #gj4 ,watt's ,bibliotheca ,britannica1 index1 #bai4 ,watts 7,dr471 his warning against index-learning1 #b4 ,watts 7,thomas71 his expression of the need for an ,index ,society1 #bjg4 ,welch 7,j4 ,cuthbert7 on the publication of an index to a journal1 #baa4 ,wellington 7,duke of71 amusing misreading of ,loudon's letter1 #fg4 ---- cross reference in ,ford's ,handbook to ,spain1 #gf4 ,wheatley 7,b4 ,r47 as a good indexer1 #aag2 his ,evitandum in indexing1 #aee4 ,white ,knights translated as ,le ,chevalier ,blanc1 #gg4 ,whitelock's ,memorial1 ,carlyle's condemnation of1 #ia2 index to ,oxford reprint1 #ahj4 ,winsor 7,justin7 advocated the formation of ,index ,society1 #baj4 ,wynford 7,lord71 previously ,sir ,w4 ,d4 ,best1 #aeg4 ,york1 ,register of ,corpu ,christi ,guild1 index1 #abb4 ,elliot ,stock1 ,paternoster ,row1 ,london4 ,illustration ,,previous ,,volumes ,,of ,,book-,,lover',s ,,library4 ,cloth1 price #ds4 #f;d42 ,roxburgh ,half ,morocco1 #gs4 #f;d42 ,large ,paper1 ,l#a #as4 net4 ,how to ,form a ,library4 ,by ,,henry ,b4 ,,wheatley1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,second ,edition4 ,,contents3 ,how ,men have ,formed ,libraries4--,how to ,buy4--,public ,libraries4--,general ,bibliographies4--,special ,bibliographies4--,publishing ,societies4--,child's ,library4--,one ,hundred ,books4 ,old ,cookery ,books and ,ancient ,cuisine4 ,by ,,william ,,carew ,,hazlitt4 ,the ,literature of ,local ,institutions4 ,by ,g4 ,,laurence ,,gomme1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,the work is divided into the following ,sections3 #a4 ,local ,government generally4--#b4 ,the ,shire4--#c4 ,the ,hundred4--#d4 ,municipal ,government4--#e4 ,guilds4--#f4 ,the ,manor4--#g4 ,the ,township and ,parish4 ,foreign ,visitors in ,england1 and ,what ,they have ,thought of ,us4 ,being some ,notes on their ,books and ,opinions during the last ,three ,centuries4 ,by ,,edward ,,smith4 ,modern ,methods of ,illustrating ,books4 ,commencing with the early forms of illustrating books1 and tracing the art down to our own day1 the author leads the reader up to modern processes of producing illustrations4 ,the ,dedication of ,books4 ,to ,patron and ,friend4 ,a ,chapter in ,literary ,history4 ,by ,,henry ,b4 ,,wheatley1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,gleanings in ,old ,garden ,literature4 ,by ,,william ,,carew ,,hazlitt4 ,the ,story of some ,famous ,books4 ,second ,edition4 ,by ,,edward ,,saunders1 ,author of ,salad for the ,social4 ,interspersed in the narrative are many amusing anecdotes1 curious and suggestive allusions1 and much out-of-the way information which will be welcomed by the book-lover and the student1 as well as the reader who seeks amusement only4 ,the ,enemies of ,books4 ,by ,,william ,,blades4 ,second ,edition4 ,this entertaining volume gives a series of readable chapters on the various causes which have operated in the destruction of books4 ,the ,book of ,noodles4 ,stories of ,simpletons2 or1 ,fools and their ,follies4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,clouston1 ,author of ,the ,book of ,sindibad1 ,popular ,tales and ,fictions1 etc41 etc4 ,how to ,catalogue a ,library4 ,by ,,henry ,b4 ,,wheatley1 ,f4,s4,a41 ,author of ,how to ,form a ,library4 ,,contents3 ,introduction on ,cataloguing ,generally4--,the ,battle of the ,rules4--,print v4 ,,ms4--,how to treat a ,title-page4--,reference and ,subject-,index4--,the ,arrangement of a ,catalogue4--,something about ,,mss4--,rules for a ,small ,library4--,a ,list of ,latinised ,names of ,places4--,a ,list of ,classical ,names4--,an unusually copious ,index is added4 ,reporting in the ,olden ,time and ,to-day4 ,by ,,john ,,pendleton1 ,author of ,the ,history of ,derbyshire4 ,studies ,in ,jocular ,literature4 ,a ,popular ,subject more closely ,considered4 ,by ,,william ,c4 ,,hazlitt4 ,the ,story of the ,,imitatione ,,christi4 ,by ,,leonard ,,wheatley4 ,with a ,portrait of ,thomas a ,kempis4 ,books ,condemned to be ,burnt4 ,by ,,james ,,anson ,,farrer4 ,books in ,chains1 and other ,bibliographical ,papers4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,blades4 ,literary ,blunders3 ,a ,chapter in the ,history of ,human ,error4 ,by ,,henry ,b4 ,,wheatley1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,book ,song3 ,an ,anthology of ,poems of ,books and ,book-men1 from ,modern ,authors4 ,edited by ,,gleeson ,,white4 ,walton and the ,early ,writers on ,fishing4 ,by ,r4 ,b4 ,,manston1 ,editor of the ,fishing ,gazette4 ,books that have been ,fatal to their ,authors4 ,by ,rev4 ,p4 ,h4 ,,ditchfield4 ,book ,verse3 ,an ,anthology of ,poems of ,books and ,book-men1 from the ,earliest ,times to ,recent ,years4 ,edited by ,w4 ,,roberts4 ,the ,literature of ,music4 ,by ,,james ,e4 ,,matthew1 ,author of ,a ,manual of ,musical ,history4 ,the ,novels of ,charles ,dickens4 ,a ,bibliography and ,sketch4 ,by ,,frederic ,g4 ,,kitton1 ,author of ,charles ,dickens by ,pen and ,pencil1 etc4 ,with a portrait which has not been published before4 ,the ,minor ,writings of ,charles ,dickens3 ,a ,bibliography and ,sketch4 ,by ,f4 ,g4 ,,kitton1 ,author of ,dickensiana1 ,the ,novels of ,charles ,dickens1 ,dickens and his ,illustrators1 etc4 ,book ,auctions in ,england in the ,seventeenth ,century4 ,by ,,john ,,lawler1 ,compiler of the ,sunderland and ,ashburnham ,catalogues4 ,,london3 ,,elliot ,,stock1 #fb1 ,,paternoster ,,row4 ,transcriber ,notes3 ,passages in italics were indicated by underscores4 ,passages in bold were indicated by equal signs4 ,small caps were replaced with ,,all ,,caps4 ,throughout the document1 the oe ligature was replaced with oe4 ,throughout the dialogues1 there were words used to mimic accents of the speakers4 ,those words were retained as-is4 ,the illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate4 ,thus the page number of the illustration might not match the page number in the ,list of ,illustrations1 and the order of illustrations may not be the same in the ,list of ,illustrations and in the book4 ,errors in punctuations and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected unless otherwise noted4 ,in the first page1 a period was added after ,f4,s4,a4 ,on page #f1 the y in boc volyinde was a yogh in the book4 ,on page #bb1 a quotation mark was removed after proper heads44 ,on page #eh1 a quotation mark was added after ,classes of ,literature4 ,on page #gg1 the caret symbol followed by an e represents a superscripted e4 ,on page #aaj1 a quotation mark was added before ,heberden1 ,dr4 ,on page #aab1 ,it it was replaced with ,it is4 ,on page #aae1 wil was replaced with will4 ,on page #ahh1 with slip about was replaced with will slip about4 ,on page #bac1 a period was placed after etc4 ,on page #baf1 a period was placed after considerable importance4 ,on page #bbe1 a period was placed after #hh4 ,on page #bbh1 a period was placed after #bbj4 ,on page #bbi1 a period was placed after #ed4 ,on page #bbi1 a comma was placed after ,athenaeum4 ,on page #bcb1 a period was placed after #dd4 ,on page #bce1 a period was placed after ,corrie ,l4 ,in the advertisements1 a period was added after ,henry ,b4