,speak )\t be+ afraid t ! w9d w c>ry    
away y\r words & s[ !m 9 fre% soils4    
--,zola4             ,! ,*ur* 9         
,politics--                             
,am]icans1 ,bew>e6                ,a    
,lecture ,deliv]$ ,be=e              !  
,indep5d5t ,religi\s                    
,society1 ,or*e/ra ,hall1               
,*icago1 ,sunday at #aa ,a4 ,m4         
,decoration          ,by   ,m4 ,m4      
,,mangas>ian                ,! mass ( ! 
law-abid+ & respectable                 
citiz5s is virtually agno/ic4 ,:]e its  
agno/icism is n reason$ out1 x is       
habitual & unconc]n$4 ,! ord]ly1        
hone/1 duty-do+ p :o nev] ?9k           
ab\t religion "o way or ! o!r =m by     
f> ! l>ge/ class 9 ! community4         
--,david ,*ri/y ,murray4       ,! ,*ur* 
9 ,politics--                           
,am]icans1 ,bew>e6   ,9 8 lett] on      
religion 9 politics1 ,presid5t          
,roosevelt takes ! position1 ,i believe1
 t we may look =w>d to ! day :5 a       
,ca?olic1 = in/ance1 may be nom9at$ &   

elect$ to ! presid5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
( ,am]ica4 ,he also intimates t to      
refuse to vote = a ,ca?olic on acc\nt ( 
8 religion w\ld be bigotry6 ,! ,lu!ran1 
,bapti/ & ,presbyt]ian bodies h1 if ,i  
am n mi/ak51 (ficially prote/$ aga9/ !  
presid5t's pron\ncem5t4 ,^! ,prote/ant  
*ur*es decl>e t x is n fair to call !m  
bigots = object+ to a ,ca?olic =        
presid5t4  ,speak+ only 9 ! capacity ( a
 private citiz51 x is my op9ion t1      
accord+ to ! ,con/itution1 a ,ca?olic is
 n eligible to be a c&idate = presid5t4 
,nei!r is a s9c]e & consi/5t ,*ri/ian ( 
any o!r d5om9ation4 ,nor is a believ+   
,jew4 ,! ,con/itution explicitly ignores
 ! religi\s int]e/s ( ! nation2 x does n
 ev5 s mu* z m5tion ! "n ( ,god4 ,_h !  
docum5t be5 creat$ by infidels x c\ld n 
h be5 m indiff]5t to ! subject ( *ur* or
 religion4 ,! ,con/itution is a d[nright
 secul> in/rum5t1 hav+ z its end "o1 &  
only "o1 object--! rights ( man4 ,b !   
supreme end ( ! *ur* is ,god1 n man2 or 
man = ,god4 ,!re is !n1 betwe5 ! *ur* & 

! ,con/itution1 an irreconcilable       
diff]5ce4 ,x is because ( ?is t ! ,unit$
 ,presbyt]ians1 = in/ance1 :o h a       
memb]%ip ( ab\t a million1 refuse ev5 to
 take "p 9 elections1 mu* less to accept
 (fice "u a gov]nm5t t delib]ately      
ignores ! ,*ri/ian religion1 z well z e 
o!r religion4 ,i submit t ! ,unit$      
,presbyt]ians are q consi/5t1 & t !y    
des]ve ! respect ( all :o hold t c\rage 
& s9c]ity are bett] ?an ambiguity &     
inconsi/5cy4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 !re=e1 c      
accept a nom9ation to ! presid5cy1 =    
in/ance1 only by ei!r /ultify+ himself &
 belittl+ 8 *ur*1 or by disreg>d+ !     
,con/itution1 its _s z well z its lett]4
  ,nor w\ld x be bigotry to cont5d t a  
,prote/ant or a ,ca?olic c&idate1 to :om
 ,god is fir/ & c\ntry second1 %\ld "u  
no circum/ances be vot$ into presid5tial
 p[] & influ5ce4 ,ev5 z x w\ld n be an  
act ( intol]ance to d5y ! presid5cy (   
?is c\ntry to a =eign-born citiz51 x    
w\ld n be intol]ant to d5y x to         
,ca?olics1 = example4 ,!y are simply n  

eligible4 ,bo? ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic    
ought to say1 :5 invit$ to ! (fice1 t !y
 c n consci5ti\sly swe> to ma9ta9 a     
,con/itution :i* fails 9 its duties to !
 ,creator1 & t if elect$ !y w obey ,god 
r ?an ! ,con/itution1 = a ,*ri/ian c n  
s]ve two ma/]s1 nei!r c he be a ,*ri/ian
 & n a ,*ri/ian at ! same "t4 ,i am go+ 
to quote a page f ! hi/ory ( mod]n      
,france1 to %[ t t is precisely :at !   
,ca?olic1 at lea/1 does :5 he comes into
 p[]--he obeys ,god1 t is to say1 !     
*ur*1 & =gets all ab\t ! ,con/itution1 t
 is to say1 ! rights ( man4  ,france has
 be5 a turbul5t c\ntry4 ,its political  
wea!r has be5 m frequ5tly /ormy ?an     
fair4 ,x makes "o n]v\s1 almo/1 to read 
! hi/ory ( ,france--x is s s5sational4  
,its pages are lit up ) ! lightn+4 ,x is
 a sad & %ock+ /ory ( intrigues1 plots1 
conspiracies1 treason1 ma*9ation1       
f9esse1--( manoeuvre & sc&al1 ( sudd5   
/rokes & />tl+ surprises1 :i* h         
alt]nately cool$ & heat$ ! bra9 ( !     
nation1 & :i* h cultivat$ 9 ! p !       

unheal?y crav+ = excitem5t4  ,let x be  
admitt$ t ! temp]am5t ( ! p1 its        
irritability or impetuosity1 is 9 a     
measure responsible = ?is4 ,b ?is 9     
itself is n en\gh to expla9 ! t]rible   
puni%m5ts & mis=tunes :i* h fall5 ^u t  
nation4 ,y are all famili> ) ! rem>k (  
"o ( h] great /atesm51 ,gambetta3 ,!    
enemy1 x is cl]icalism4  ,ano!r         
/atesman1 ,paul ,b]t1 said3 ,x is n our 
dome/ic discords2 x is n ,engl&2 nor ev5
 ! tra9$ ,g]man legions1 t con/itute !  
greate/ m5ace to ,fr5*m5 & ! prosp]ity (
 ,france1 /ill ble$+ f h] w\nds1 b ! man
 9 black4 ,did ^! /atesm5 speak ! tru?8 
,we %all ask hi/ory to answ] ! "q4 ,?is 
mu*1 h[ev]1 we c say )\t consult+       
hi/ory1 t today ! ,fr5* republic & !    
,ca?olic *ur* are at swords' po9ts4     
,aft] try+ to pull toge!r1 *ur* & /ate h
 sep>at$--are completely divorc$1 & ea* 
suspects & fe>s ! o!r4 ,let u try to    
expla9 ! /ra9$ relations betwe5 ,rome & 
! ,fr5* republic by a ref]5ce to ! ev5ts
 9 ,france f ! "t ( ! second republic to

 ! ,franco-,prussian w>4  ,9 #ahdh1 aft]
 _m attempts to ma9ta9 ! mon>*y1 ,france
 return$ to ! republican =m ( gov]nm5t4 
,! ,ca?olic *ur*1 always p[]ful 9 !     
c\ntry1 & hav+ great int]e/s at /ake1 to
 ! surprise ( ! nation1 welcom$ !       
republic ) en?usiasm4 ,! ,ar*bi%op (    
,cambrai1 ! bi%ops ( ,gap1 ( ,*alons1 ( 
,nancy1 & ! ,ca?olic p]iodicals1        
l',univ]s1 ! ,moniteur1 etc41 decl>$ t !
 republican =m ( gov]nm5t 0 ( div9e     
orig91 & t !re 7 no o!r ?ree words 9 all
 ! _w m sacr$ ?an ! words ,lib]ty1      
,equality1 ,frat]nity4 ,9 all ! *ur*es  
high mass 0 celebrat$1 & a ,te ,deum    
*ant$ 9 honor ( ! new regime4 ,!re are  
no m devot$ & s9c]e republicans 9       
,france ?an ! ,ca?olics1 wrote ,veuillot
 9 l',univ]s1 ! organ ( ! *ur*4 ,9 ask+ 
y to keep ?is 9 m9d1 ,i also reque/ y to
 note t ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 ,am]ica seems 
to be today j z devot$ to ! ,am]ican    
republic z ! ,fr5* ,ca?olics pr(ess$ to 
be to ! republic ( #ahdh4 ,b let u n    
=get t ?is same cl]gy1 dur+ ! reign ( ! 

fir/ ,napoleon1 introduc$ ! foll[+      
que/ions & answ]s into e *ur* cate*ism 9
 use ?r\gh\t ! l&3  ,"q3 ,:y are we "u  
obligations to our emp]or8  ,answ]3     
,because1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,god1 :o      
creates empires & di/ributes !m accord+ 
to 8 pleasure1 9 bless+ our emp]or1 bo? 
9 peace & w>1 has set him ov] u z our   
sov]eign1 & has made him ! image (      
himself ^u ! e>?4 ,to honor & s]ve !    
emp]or is !n to honor & s]ve ,god4  ,"q3
 ,are !re n special reasons :y we are   
mo/ pr(\ndly indebt$ to ,napoleon !     
,fir/1 our emp]or8  ,answ]3 ,yes4 ,= 9  
difficult circum/ances1 he is ! man :om 
,god has rais$ up to re-e/abli% ! public
 wor%ip ( ! holy religion ( our fa!rs1 &
 to be our protector4444 ,he has become 
! ano9t$ ( ! ,"l by ! consecration ( !  
pope1 ! head ( ! ,*ur* ,univ]sal4  ,"q3 
,:at %all be ?\ght ( ^? :o fail 9 _!    
respect to our emp]or8  ,answ]3 ,accord+
 to ! ,apo/le ,paul1 ^? :o resi/ !      
appo9t$ p[]s %all receive et]nal        
damnation to _! s\ls4,a      ,a         

,cate*isme a ,l',usage de ,tantes ,les  
,eglises de ,l',empire     ,francais4   
,( c\rse1 :5 ! fir/ ,napoleon fell1 !   
,ca?olic *ur* quickly )drew f           
circulation ! cate*ism f :i* ,i h be5   
quot+4 ,x 0 aft] consid]able ef=t t ,i 0
 able to secure a copy ( ! "w4 ,!       
infallible *ur*1 !n1 0 = ,napoleon1 he>t
 & s\l1 z long z he 0 9 p[]4 ,)\t any   
consci5ti\s scruples :atev]1 ! *ur*     
hail$ ! tyrant1 ^: pr(ession 0 :olesale 
murd] = 8 own glory--z ! image ( ,god on
 e>?6 ,9 ^? days x meant damnation n to 
accept ,napoleon z ! ano9t$ ( heav54    
,su* a guide is ! *ur*6  ,b at la/ !    
*ur* pr(ess$ to be conv]t$ to lib]ty4   
,n[ we are 9 a position to appreciate ! 
sudd5 & complete *ange ( front on ! "p (
 ! ,fr5* cl]gy4 ,f /aun* imp]iali/s !y  
_h be5 conv]t$1 judg+ by _! pr(essions1 
to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,fr5* revolution4 ,an
 era ( peace & bro!rhood seem$ to op5   
be=e t mu* tr\bl$ c\ntry4 ,prie/ &      
magi/rate _h bo? buri$ ! hat*et2 *ur* & 
s*ool w\ld n[1 aft] endless disputation1

 co-op]ate 9 ! "w ( education1 & ! vic> 
( ,*ri/ & ! presid5t ( ! republic %all  
jo9 h&s 9 ! s]vice ( ! p4 ,! new        
republic promis$ all ?is4 ,! skies 7    
s]5e & cle>1 & ! *ur* bells rang 9 honor
 ( ! era t _h j dawn$4  ,hav+ inaugurat$
 ! republic1 ! next bus9ess be=e !      
c\ntry 0 ! election ( a presid5t4 ,!    
,ca?olic *ur*1 hav+ dis>m$ all suspicion
 & giv5 tangible pro(s ( its conv]sion  
to republicanism1 succe$$ 9 nom9at+ its 
own c&idate to ! presid5cy4 ,?is 0 ,l\is
 ,napoleon1 ! nephew ( ! great          
,napoleon4 ,to elect its nom9ee1 ! *ur* 
engag$ 9 a mo/ active campaign2 s]mons 7
 deliv]$ 9 e *ur*2 a h\se to h\se       
canvass 0 und]tak51 & ev5 ! confessional
 0 utiliz$ to secure votes = ! ,/> (    
,france1 z !y call$ ,napoleon4  ,on     
election day1 ea* prie/ l$ 8 p>i%ion]s  
to ! vot+ boo? & saw t ! ballots 7      
prop]ly deposit$4 ,! result 0 t ,l\is   
,napoleon 0 elect$ by #e1ecd1ebj votes1 
out ( a total ( #g1dbf1beb votes ca/4 ,t
 is to say1 he _h a majority ( ne>ly    

?ree millions4  ,:at made ,l\is         
,napoleon a favorite ) ! *ur*8 ,to answ]
 t "q we %all h to /ep onto ! /age &    
peep beh9d ! sc5es4 ,b to see :at 0     
transpir+ beh9d ! sc5es 9 ,france we    
%all h to g to ,rome4  ,ab\t ! "t we are
 n[ speak+ (1 ! papal /ates 9 ,italy 7  
up 9 arms aga9/ ! pope1 :o at ?is "t    
/ill enjoy$ 8 temporal p[]4 ,he 0 /ill  
bo? prie/ & k+4 ,he _h 8 own soldi]s1 8 
own g5]als1 8 cannons1 guns & p[d]4 ,he 
w5t to w>2 collect$ taxes1 adm9i/]$ !   
c\rts1 & possess$ all ! pr]ogatives ( a 
secul> sov]eign4 ,he 01 ( c\rse1 besides
 all ?is1 also ! vic> ( ,*ri/ on e>?4   
,un=tunately1 l any o!r sov]eign ( ^?   
days1 ! pope oppress$ 8 subjects1 & x 0 
to put an end to _! grievances t !      
,italian /ates revolt$1 & made an       
attempt to e/abli% a republic 9 ,rome4  
,no d\bt our own example 9 ?is c\ntry1 z
 well z t ( ! ,fr5*1 enc\rag$ !         
,italians 9 _! ef=ts to free !mselves f 
oppression4 ,! republican movem5t spread
 rapidly--l ! ru%+ wat]s ( a res]voir t 

_h at la/ brok5 loose4 ,! :ole p59sula 0
 a?rill ) new aspirations4 ,! ,italians 
rememb]$ ! days ( _! pagan ance/ors &   
took he>t4 ,! *>m$ & *>m+ words1        
,lib]ty6 ,con/itution6 7 ^u e lip4 ,soon
 ! heav5s w\ld beam ) ! radiant /> (    
,g>ibaldi4 ,! movem5t 0 s irresi/ible t 
! pope1 ,pius ,,ix1 0 compell$ to make  
t]ms ) ! lead]s4 ,x 0 agre$ t1 h5ce=?1 !
 c\ntry1 in/ead ( be+ gov]n$ exclusively
 by ! cl]gy1 z h]et(ore1 %\ld be gov]n$ 
by two *amb]s1 ! memb]s to "o ( :i* %\ld
 be appo9t$ by ! pope2 ! memb]s to ! o!r
 %\ld be elect$ by ! p4 ,! two *amb]s1  
h[ev]1 z 0 to be expect$1 c\ld n get    
along toge!r4 ,! prie/s 7 n us$ to      
obey+1 !y 7 us$ to comm&+4 ,!y obey$    
only ,god4 ,moreov]1 ! secul> memb]s    
und]took to int]f]e 9 *ur* matt]s1 :i* !
 prie/s w\ld n tol]ate1 al?\gh !y       
!mselves nev] refra9$ f int]f]+ 9 secul>
 matt]s4 ,! delib]ations became an>*ic 9
 p>liam5t4 ,! prie/s decl>$ !y repres5t$
 ,god & c\ld nev] be 9 ! wrong4 ,:oev]  
!y may h meant by ! ^w ,god1 he 0       

inv>iably on ! side ( ! prie/s4 ,?is1 ! 
o!r memb]s decl>$1 0 n fair1 z x ti$ up 
_! h&s & made !m z helpless z !         
delegates to a ,russian ,d\ma are today4
 ,?+s w5t f bad to worse2 murd]s became 
daily occurr5ces4 ,! pope1 fe>+         
assass9ation1 fl$ f ,rome4 ,8 dep>ture 0
 hail$ ) joy4 ,rome unfurl$ ! republican
 flag f ! dome ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,! pope 0 
a fugitive4 ,rome 0 free4  ,to cru% ?is 
republican movem5t & re/ore ! runaway   
pope to 8 ?rone1 ! *ur* ne$$ an ag5t4 ,!
 ag5t mu/ be /rong en\gh to /rangle !   
,italian republic & to recov] = ! pope 8
 temporal p[]4 ,spa9 0 too decrepit to  
be summon$ to ! task4 ,au/ria _h already
 too mu* ( ,italy 9 h] grip2 ! only     
nation t c\ld dis9t]e/$ly fight = ! pope
 w\ld be ,france4  ,obs]ve n[ ! d\ble   
role :i* ! *ur* 0 play+3 ,9 ,france %e 0
 an ard5t republican1 9 ,italy %e       
ana!matiz$ ! republic z a blasphemy     
aga9/ ,god4 ,9 ,france %e 0 r++ bells 9 
honor ( ! rights ( man1 9 ,rome %e 0    
fir+ %ot & %ell into ! ,italian         

republicans4 ,9 ,france ! republic 0 (  
div9e orig91 9 ,italy1 x 0 ! "w ( !     
devil4 ,let u /ate x frankly1 ! *ur* 0 a
 republican 9 ,france1 n f love b f     
policy4 ,hi/ory w confirm our /atem5t4  
,b we h n yet answ]$ :y ,l\is ,napoleon 
0 su* a favorite ) ! *ur*4 ,on ! eve ( !
 elections 9 ,france1 ,napoleon1 :o 0 "o
 ( ! c&idates = ! presid5cy1 s5t a lett]
 to ! nuncio ( ! pope 9 ,p>is1 9 :i* he 
express$ 8 p]sonal op9ion1 an op9ion :i*
 at ! "t look$ q h>mless1 t1 = ! peace (
 ,italy & ! pre/ige ( ! ,ca?olic _w1 !  
temporal p[] ( ! pope %\ld be ma9ta9$4  
,few p 7 reflective en\gh to suspect t  
!re 0 9 ^? words a pl$ge on ! "p ( !    
c&idate to employ1 if elect$ to !       
presid5cy1 ! res\rces ( ,france 9 !     
s]vice ( ,rome4  ,naturally en\gh1 n    
long aft] 8 election1 ! *ur* call$ ^u   
,napoleon to fulfill 8 promise4 ,b to   
make a promise is v mu* easi] ?an to    
fulfill x4 ,h[ 0 ! presid5t go+ to      
p]suade ! ,fr5* to make w> ^u a si/]    
republic8 ,x 0 cle>ly to ! int]e/ ( !   

,fr5* to h ! republican =m ( gov]nm5t   
spread4 ,b x 0 to ! int]e/ ( ! *ur* to  
ov]?r[ ! ,italian republic & re/ore !   
pope to ! vatican4 ,! ,fr5* mu/1 !re=e1 
pref] ! int]e/ ( ! pope to ! int]e/ ( _!
 own c\ntry4 ,am]icans bew>e6  ,on !    
#cj? ( ,m>*1 #ahdi1 ,l\is ,napoleon     
succe$$ 9 gett+ a favorable vote f !    
assembly ^u ! foll[+ proposition3 ,if = 
! ma9t5ance ( ! integrity ( ! ,k+dom (  
,pi$mont1 & = ! pres]vation ( ! int]e/s 
& honor ( ,france1 ! executive p[] %all 
deem x necess>y = ! en=cem5t ( its      
negotiations to occupy tempor>ily any   
giv5 po9t 9 ,italy1 ! national assembly 
%all l5d him its cordial & effective    
support4,b ,a %ort "t aft]1 ,napoleon   
dispat*$ to ,rome a =ce "u ! comm& (    
,oud9at1 ) secret in/ructions to reseat 
! pope on 8 apo/olic z well z temporal  
?rone4 ,on ! #cj? ( ,april ! ,fr5*      
republican army op5$ fire on ! ,italian 
republicans def5d+ ,rome4 ,! ,fr5* 7    
repuls$4 ,:5 ! news ( ! disa/] to !     
,fr5* =ces rea*$ ,p>is x ?rew ! c\ntry  

into a /ate ( delirium4 ,sc>cely anybody
 n 9 ! conspiracy _h suspect$ t !       
innoc5t look+ measure pres5t$ to !      
assembly by ! presid5t ( ! republic     
really au?oriz$ ! decl>ation ( w> aga9/ 
,italy2 & no "o s mu* z imag9$ t a giv5 
po9t 9 ,italy meant ,rome1 or t !       
int]e/s & ! honor ( ,france requir$ !   
re/oration ( ! pr9ciple ( absolutism 9  
,italy4 ,b x 0 too late2 ! assembly _h  
be5 caught 9 a trap4 ,! disgrace & !    
defeat 7 matt]s ( fact :i* c\ld n be    
undone4      ,b ,l',eglise et ,la       
,france4 ,o4 ,j\v91 page #bb4  ,a mom5t 
ago ,i call$ att5tion to ! d\ble role ( 
! *ur*4 ,i n[ ask y to see h[ ! *ur* 0  
try+ to drag ! ,fr5* nation into ! same 
ins9c]ity & duplicity4 ,?9k ( a nation  
:i* _h creat$ ! ,revolution1 :i* _h     
ov]?r[n ! mon>*y1 & _h inscrib$ ^u its  
bann] ,lib]ty1 ,equality1               
,frat]nity--?9k ( su* a nation go+ to w>
 aga9/ "o ( its neighbors = foll[+ its  
example6 ,! creators ( lib]ty 7 urg$ to 
become its assass9s4 ,into ?is ludicr\s1

 absurd1 nay1 infam\s role1 0 ! ,fr5*   
republic dragg$ by ,napoleon & ! p[] t  
_h made him presid5t ( ! republic4      
,am]icans bew>e6  ,on ! #bi? ( ,june !  
,fr5* =ces made a second attack ^u      
,rome1 putt+ ! republicans to r\t &     
re/or+ ! pope to ! vatican1 :5ce a %ort 
"t be=e he _h fl$ to a place ( safety4  
,! ,fr5* republic has n[ de/roy$ !      
,italian republic4 ,! words1 ,lib]ty1   
,equality1 ,frat]nity1 %all no long] be 
he>d 9 ,rome4 ,! republican flag has be5
 tak5 d[n f ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,! pope is k+  
aga94 ,mazz9i1 ,armell9i1 ,saffi1       
,g>ibaldi & _! colleagues1 become       
exiles4 ,france refuses !m an asylum4   
,france1 ! c\ntry ( ! ,revolution1 ( !  
rights ( man1 ( ! republic ) its glori\s
 motto1 ,lib]ty1 ,equality1             
,frat]nity--refuses to %elt] ! ,italian 
republicans6 ,x 0 to ! int]e/ ( ,france 
to give ^! m5 ! h& ( fell[%ip2 x w\ld h 
be5 to ! honor & glory ( ,france to h   
op5$ h] doors to ^! deliv]]s ( an       
oppress$ nation1 b x 0 n to ! int]e/ ( !

 *ur*1 & ! *ur* comes fir/2 ,france mu/ 
be sacrific$ to ,rome4 ,am]icans bew>e6 
,! ,italian patriots cross$ ! *annel &  
f\nd 9 ,prote/ant ,engl& ! asylum :i* ! 
c\ntry t _h introduc$ ! republic into   
mod]n ,europe d5i$ !m4  ,x 0 !n t our   
great fri5d1 ,george ,jacob ,holyoake1  
op5$ 8 he>t & 8 home to ! patriots (    
,italy4 ,= _m ye>s & at frequ5t int]vals
 bo? ,mazz9i & ,g>ibaldi 7 8 gue/s1 & he
 help$ to w9 = !m ! fri5d%ip ( g5]\s m5 
:o rais$ ! funds to cont9ue ! rebellion1
 :i* 0 ultimately cr[n$ ) success4      
,pione]s6 ,o1 ,pione]s6  ,i c n ?9k ( ^!
 brave m5 & _! "w )\t recall+ ,:itman's 
bugle call3                ,pione]s6 ,o1
 ,pione]s6       ,till ) s\nd ( trumpet1
 ,f>1 f> (f ! daybreak call--h>k1 h[ l\d
 & cle> ,i he> x w9d1 ,swift6 to ! head 
( ! army6--swift6 spr+ to y\r places1   
,pione]s6 ,o1 ,pione]s6  ,b let u       
proce$3  ,"o day1 some:]e ab\t #aheb1 ! 
p ( ,france1 :5 !y rose 9 ! morn+1 f\nd 
t _! republic _h disappe>$4 ,n only 0 ! 
,italian republic no m1 b ! ,fr5*       

republic _h gone too4 ,! same p[] t _h  
driv5 ! republicans out ( ,rome _h driv5
 !m out ( ,france4 ,z if by a sponge1 ! 
free in/itutions ( ! c\ntry & !         
con/itution1 7 wip$ out by "o sweep ( ! 
h&4 ,! fir/ places :i*1 aft] ?is c\p    
d'etat1 ,napoleon ,,iii visit$1 7 !     
*ur*es4 ,he walk$ up to ! alt> 9 ea*    
*ur* :i* he visit$ on 8 triumphal j\rney
 ?r\gh ,france1 & knelt d[n = pray] &   
wor%ip4 ,h[ did ! cl]gy receive him8    
,:at did !y say to ?is betray] ( !      
nation1 ?is traitor1 :o _h violat$ 8    
solemn oa?8 ,let me reproduce ! words ( 
! oa? :i* ,napoleon took on ! day ( 8   
inauguration z presid5t ( ! republic3   
,9 ! pres5ce ( ,god & be=e ! p (        
,france1 ,i solemnly swe> to rema9      
fai?ful to ! democratic republic1 "o &  
indivisible1 & to fulfill all ! duties  
:i* ! ,con/itution imposes ^u me4  ,:at 
did ! *ur* say to ?is man :o _h trampl$ 
! ,con/itution ( ! c\ntry "u 8 feet1 &  
_h comm&$ ,fr5* soldi]s to fire ^u      
,italian republicans 9 ! /reets ( ,rome1

 & ^u ,fr5* republicans 9 ! /reets (    
,p>is8 ,hi/ory has pres]v$ ! exact words
 ( bi%ops & c>d9als address$ to         
,napoleon1 ! usurp]3 ,y1 sire1 h        
re-e/abli%$ ! pr9ciple ( au?ority1 z    
indisp5sable to ! *ur* z x is to ! /ate4
 ,aga91 ,h[ c we wor?ily express our    
gratitude to a sov]eign :o has done s   
mu* = religion6 & ! bi%op ( ,gr5oble    
proce$s to enum]ate ! s]vices (         
,napoleon to ! *ur*3 ,! re/oration ( !  
,pan!on to ! *ur*1 :i* an impi\s        
gov]nm5t _h conv]t$ to secul> uses by   
d$icat+ x to ! a!i/ poets & philosoph]s 
( ,france2 ! creation ( a national fund 
= ! say+ ( mass = ! indig5t poor2 !     
appo9tm5t ( *apla9s on all vessels fly+ 
! imp]ial flag2 ! sugge/ion ( a p5sion =
 ag$ prie/s2 ! grant+ ( p]fect lib]ty ( 
action to ! m9i/]s ( ! *ur*1 :i* lib]ty 
( action ! *ur* w use to confirm !      
pr9ciple ( au?ority & to tea* ! nation  
submission to ! gov]nm5t & its laws4    
,behold1 cries ! bi%op1 aft] enum]at+ ^!
 b5efits1 our reason = ! gratitude we   

feel4 ,! ,c>d9al ( ,b\rges1 ! bi%ops (  
,m>seilles1 ( ,frejus1 ( ,aix1 (        
,bordeaux1 ( ,poiti]s1 &1 9 fact1 ( e   
important diocese 9 ! c\ntry1 9 ! same  
way prais$ ,napoleon1 ! emp]or1 & decl>$
 he 0 ! special mess5g] ( heav51 & !    
savi\r ( ,*ri/ianity1 :om ,god w nev]   
=sake1 because 9 ! h\r :5 ,god's vic> on
 e>? 0 9 tr\ble1 he sav$ him f 8        
enemies4  ,!y call$ ,napoleon a         
,con/ant9e1 a ,*>lemagne4 ,& ! same     
cl]gy :o1 a few ye>s ago1 _h pron\nc$ ! 
words1 ,lib]ty1 ,equality1 ,frat]nity1 z
 ! holie/ 9 all ! _w 7 n[ busy eras+ !m 
f ! public build+s & monum5ts ( !       
c\ntry4 ,if ! republic 0 aft] ,god's own
 he>t1 if ! rights ( man 7 fir/         
proclaim$ f ,calv>y1 z ! cl]gy decl>$   
dur+ ! republic1 :y did !y make almo/ a 
sa9t ( ! man :o re/or$ oppression &     
absolutism 9 ,france8 ,7 !y n s9c]e :5  
!y publi%$ 9 ! pap]s t !re 7 n 9 all    
,france m loyal republicans ?an !       
,ca?olics8 ,! int]e/ ( ! *ur* requir$ ! 
ov]?r[ ( ! ,fr5* republic1 z x did ( !  

,italian1 & ! int]e/ ( ! *ur* is fir/4  
,already 9 ,france p 7 display+ bann]s  
on :i* 7 inscrib$ ! words1 ,god save    
,rome & ,france4 ,rome fir/4 ,am]icans  
bew>e6  ,on ! #af? ( ,octob]1 ,napoleon 
ent]$ ! palace ( ! ,tuil]ies z emp]or4  
,! *e]s & cries ( ! populace1 congregat$
 9 ! g>d5s & %\t+ ,vive l',emp]eur1     
br\ght him out ^u ! balcony4 ,he /ood   
betwe5 ,k+ ,j]ome ^u 8 left1 & !        
,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is ^u 8 "r4 ,on t same   
day ,victor ,hugo fl$ f ,p>is = 8 life4 
,! ar*bi%op 9 ! palace ) ,napoleon2     
,victor ,hugo 9 exile6 ,my c\ntrym51    
bew>e6  ,"u ! ,napoleonic regime !      
s*ools rapidly pass$ into ! h&s ( !     
cl]gy4 ,france _h labor$ s9c]ely & made 
_m sacrifices to re=m ! s*ools & to ou/ 
! prie/--! prie/ :o _h decl>$ t ! bra9s 
( "y ,fr5*m5 %\ld be p9*$1 if necess>y1 
to make !m ob$i5t to ! au?ority ( !     
*ur*4 ,mi*elet1 ! glori\s ,mi*elet1 0   
depos$ f 8 *air 9 ! ,college ( ,france &
 a cl]ical giv5 8 po/4 ,! same fate     
ov]took ,va*]ot & ,r5an4 ,no pr(essors 9

 ! ,sorbonne1 or 9 any in/itution1 :o   
did n b[ to ! pope & 8 creature on !    
?rone ( ,france1 7 p]mitt$ to tea*4     
,secret ord]s & religi\s s*ools sprang  
up ev]y:]e l mu%rooms ov]-night4 ,!     
emiss>ies & ! mission>ies ( ! fai?      
became exce$+ly busy 9 ! acquisition (  
prop]ty4 ,9 a small t[n1 sudd5ly1 z x 71
 a few begg>ly monks & nuns make _!     
appe>ance2 !y h n :]e to lay _! heads2 !
 community has to provide !m ) !        
necess>ies ( life4 ,a %ort "t aft]1 ?is 
same religi\s colony is 9 possession ( !
 f9e/ e/abli%m5ts 9 ! t[n1 ) long bank  
acc\nts to _! cr$it4 ,weal? fl[s into _!
 c(f]s f ri* wid[s & dy+ millionaires4  
,e fai?ful ,ca?olic leaves 8 e/ate to ! 
p>i% prie/1 or to "s religi\s ord]4     
,prop]ty accumulates by leaps & jumps4  
,:at happ5s 9 "o t[n happ5s 9 e o!r2 !  
c\ntry is ov]run ) ! ag5ts ( a =eign    
p[]4 ,! *ur* is mak+ hay :ile ! sun     
%9es4 ,z "s ( ! pr9ciples ( free        
gov]nm5t 7 /ill 9 =ce1 ev5 ) ,napoleon  
on ! ?rone1 ^! religi\s ord]s 7 ask$ to 

obey ! law & secure a p]mit be=e pursu+ 
_! vocation4 ,!y answ]$ t ! *ur* 0 above
 ! /ate1 & t !y mu/ obey ,god r ?an m54 
,! emp]or advis$ !m1 f policy1 at lea/1 
to apply = a lic5se1 :i* w\ld c]ta9ly be
 giv5 to !m1 b x is ( no use4 ,we are   
citiz5s ( heav51 decl>$ ! monks &       
prie/s1 we d n obey laws1 we make !m4   
,:at6 ,%all ! bride ( ,*ri/ wait ^u !   
secul> p[]s = p]mission to s]ve ,god6   
,abom9ation6 ! *ur* t c elect a presid5t
 & aft]w>ds elevate him to ! ?rone1 c   
af=d to disp5se ) ! laws z x did ) !    
con/itution4 ,"u ! republic x 0 ,long   
live ,france1 ) ! ,ca?olics 9 p[] x is  
,long live ,rome & ,france4  ,enc\rag$  
by ! flatt]ies ( ! *ur*1 ,napoleon      
invit$ ! pope to ,p>is to place ! cr[n  
^u 8 head1 ev5 z a =m] pope _h cr[n$ 8  
uncle1 ! fir/ ,napoleon1 9 ! *ur* (     
,notre ,dame4 ,! pope 0 beside himself )
 joy4 ,! opportunity _h come = ! vic> ( 
,*ri/ to ask = great] concessions f     
,france--yes1 f t infidel ,france1 :i*  
_h conv]t$ ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,g5evieve into 

a ,pan!on = a!i/ poets & philosoph]s4   
,he s5t ^w to ! emp]or t he w\ld be glad
 to g to ,p>is to cr[n ! fai?ful son ( !
 *ur*1 b--b1 ! o!r ,ca?olic sov]eigns   
w\ld n l x4 ,x w\ld make !m jeal\s4     
,c\ld n1 !re=e1 ,napoleon come to ,rome 
to be cr[n$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s ca!dral8 ,b ! 
emp]or realiz$ t if he w5t to ,rome1 he 
w\ld nev] be ?\ght z big a man z ! fir/ 
,napoleon1 :o n only br\ght ! vic> (    
,*ri/ to ,p>is1 b :o also took ! cr[n f 
8 h&s & plac$ x himself ^u 8 own head4  
,he wrote an autograph lett]1 :i* he s5t
 to ! pope by a cl]ical mess5g] ( great 
influ5ce1 urg+ ! pope to come to ,p>is4 
,!n ! pope ?rew aside ! mask & op5$ 8   
he>t to ! emp]or3 ,yes1 ,i w come2 y h  
done mu* = ! *ur*1 = our holy religion1 
b ,i w n come until y h altoge!r purg$ !
 c\ntry ( e k9d ( h]esy4 ,h[ c\ld !     
emp]or expect ! vic> ( ,*ri/ to set 8   
foot ^u a soil :]e ,prote/ant & ,jew    
enjoy$ equal fre$om ( wor%ip ) !        
,ca?olic--li/5 to t2 h[ c\ld ! pope     
visit a c\ntry t all[$ fre$om ( ?\ght & 

spee*1 & ( ! press2 t all[$ civil       
m>riages2 t did n legally compel        
ev]ybody to g to mass on ,sundays2 t did
 n puni% ) pa9s & p5alties all ^? :o    
dep>t$ f ! ,ca?olic fai?8 ,let ! emp]or 
exalt ,ca?olicism ov] all ! sects1--make
 x ! religion ( ! /ate1 aboli% civil    
m>riages1 refuse fre$om ( assembly to   
h]etics2 & !n w ! ti>a ( ! pope l5d its 
eclat to ! cr[n ( ! emp]or4 ,& ?is is ! 
*ur* t %ortly be=e _h pl$g$ its ^w (    
honor to ! pr9ciples ( !                
republic--,lib]ty1 ,equality1           
,frat]nity6 ,see :at happ5s to !        
republic :5 ! ,ca?olics are 9 p[]4 ,!   
lamb & ! lion %all lie d[n toge!r4 ,yes8
 ,b :at w happ5 to ! lamb8 ,! div9e *ur*
 & a m]ely human ,con/itution c co-exi/ 
9 ! same c\ntry only on "o condition--! 
div9e %all swall[ up ! human4 ,?is is   
:at has happ5$ 9 ,spa92 ?is is :at has  
happ5$ 9 ,italy2 ?is is :at happ5$ 9    
,france "u ! ,ca?olic regime1 & ?is is1 
9 our op9ion1 :at w happ5 9 ,am]ica1    
%\ld ,rome ev] come to be in/all$ at !  

,:ite ,h\se 9 ,wa%+ton6 ,ah1 y say1 !   
,ca?olics w nev] d 9 ,am]ica ! ?+s !y h 
done 9 ,europe4 ,no8 ,are !re two k9ds (
 ,ca?olics8 ,is ! ,*ur* ( ,rome divid$8 
,is !re any reason :y !y %\ld hesitate  
to sacrifice ,am]ica1 if ne$ be1 to !   
,glory ( ,god1 if !y did n hesitate to  
sacrifice ,france8 ,at any rate1 all "o 
c d is to give w>n+ & to po9t to !      
lesson ( hi/ory4 ,m ?an t no "o c d1 at 
pres5t1 at lea/4  ,9 ?is connection1 ,i 
mu/ make an explanation4 ,i respect ! "r
 ( my neighbor to be a ,ca?olic4 ,i am  
ready to fight = ! protection ( 8       
lib]ties z ,i am = my own4 ,x gives me  
real pleasure to admit also t !re are   
s9c]e1 brave1 noble & pure m9d$ m5 &    
wom5 9 all ! *ur*es4 ,:at ,i am try+ to 
d is to prove1 by cit+ hi/ory1 t a      
sup]natural ord] & a m]ely human /ate c 
n pull toge!r4 ,! attempt has always    
result$ disa/r\sly4 ,! *ur* is          
sup]natural1 ! /ate is human4 ,ei!r ! "o
 or ! o!r mu/ rule4 ,if ! *ur* submits  
to ! /ate1 x ceases to be div9e1 = h[ c 

a div9e in/itution be subject to a      
man-made /ate8 ,x w\ld be l ask+ ,god to
 obey man4 ,besides1 a /ate is made up (
 ,jews1 unbeliev]s1 h]etics1 ,turks &   
pagans1 z well z ( ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ c su* 
a /ate make laws = ,*ri/ians8  ,if1 on !
 o!r h&1 ! /ate w\ld be subject to !    
*ur*1 !re w only be ! *ur*4 ,we w 9 t   
ev5t h no fur!r use = fre$om1 = in/ance1
 z we w\ld n "k :at to d ) x1 s9ce we c 
n use x to criticise or disagree ) !    
*ur*1 or help to build up a new *ur*4   
,:5 we h ,god = a tea*]1 or 8 vic> on   
e>? to rule u1 :at w\ld lib]ty be good  
=8 ,x foll[s !n1 t ! ,ca?olic *ur* c n  
consi/5tly be subject to any secul> p[]1
 be+ a div9e in/itution4 ,?is /atem5t c 
n be successfully controv]t$1 & if s1 we
 call ! att5tion ( ! presid5t ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates to x1 z well z ( all ^? :o      
believe t x is possible to h ,rome 9 !  
,:ite ,h\se & be a republic at ! same   
"t4  ,nor %\ld p compla9 because ,i am s
 e>ne/ ab\t ?is matt]4 ,if x is a virtue
 9 ! ,ca?olics to labor night & day to  

conv]t ?is c\ntry to _! fai?1 z !y say  
!y are do+1 :y is x improp] 9 me to try 
to protect ! free in/itutions ( !       
c\ntry8 ,i h n said any?+ aga9/         
,ca?olicism :i* ,c>d9al ,gibbons has n  
said aga9/ :at he calls ! infidels4 ,9  
"o ( 8 rec5t lett]s he decl>$ t no      
agno/ic or a!i/ %\ld be giv5 (fice 9 ?is
 c\ntry4 ,:y may a c>d9al /& up = 8     
*ur*1 & n ,i = ! secul> /ate8 ,if !     
fram]s ( ! ,con/itution desir$ only     
,*ri/ians1 or believ]s 9 a *ur* ( "s k9d
 z (fice hold]s1 !y w\ld n h left ! "n (
 ! deity out ( ! nation's *>t]4 ,accord+
 to ! ,con/itution1 ! only p]sons really
 eligible to (fice are ! infidels1 or at
 any rate1 ^? only :o are will+ to place
 ! int]e/s ( ! c\ntry above ev5 ^? (    
,god or *ur*4 ,are ,ca?olics will+ to d 
t8 ,we ask once m1 are ,ca?olics will+  
to d t8  ,& we d n h to ask ! future to 
answ] t "q4 ,! pa/ has answ]$ x 9       
unmi/akable fa%ion4 ,:at today is !     
diff]5ce betwe5 ,au/ria1 = in/ance1 &   
,am]ica8 ,9 ,ca?olic or religi\s        

,au/ria1 ! int]e/ ( ! *ur* is above !   
rights ( man4 ,x is well = religion to  
be free1 b x is n free 9 ,au/ria2 x is  
well = ?\ght & spee* to be free1 b !y   
are n free 9 ,au/ria4 ,:y8 ,because !   
int]e/s ( ! *ur* come fir/4 ,9 secul>   
,am]ica1 religion is free1 ?\ght & spee*
 are free4 ,:y8 ,! rights ( man come    
fir/ 9 a secul> /ate4 ,! *ur* has ! p[] 
to make an ,am]ica out ( ,au/ria4 ,b w  
%e d x8 ,yet if %e _h ! p[] to make an  
,au/ria out ( ,am]ica w\ld %e hesitate  
to d x8 ,am]icans bew>e6  ,b let u      
return to ,napoleon ,,iii & ,pius ,,ix4 
,enc\rag$ & embold5$ by 8 successes1 & 8
 increas+ p[] ov] ! emp]or1 z well z by 
8 comm& ( ! res\rces ( ,france = 8 own  
?rone1 ,pius ,,ix ab\t ?is "t promulgat$
 ! fam\s dogma ( ! infallibility ( !    
pope4 ,until !n1 ! *ur*1 or             
ecclesia/ical c\ncils1 %>$ infallibility
 ) ! pope1 b h5ce=? ! pope alone %all be
 infallible1 & c\ncils & conclaves w\ld 
no long] be ne$$ to decide religi\s     
que/ions4 ,?us1 to ! pr9ciple (         

absolutism 0 giv5 a new endorsem5t4 ,z  
soon z he became infallible1 ! pope     
ann\nc$ a new dogma--! immaculate       
conception ( ! virg94 ,! *ur* _h nev]   
held t ,m>y h]self1 l h] div9e son1 0   
born ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 b ,pope ,pius     
decl>$ %e 01 & 8 ^w became ! belief ( ! 
*ur* univ]sal4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,m>y began  
to appe> to %eph]ds & "y girls 9 !      
fields1 confirm+ ! ^w ( ! pope t %e 0   
born ( ! ,holy ,gho/4  ,at ! comm5cem5t 
( #ahed !re appe>$ a pamphlet by an     
abbot :o 0 n yet ready to accept ! virg9
 bir? ( ,m>y4 ,! writ] *>g$ t a c]ta9   
woman ( ,gr5oble 0 p]sonat+ ! ,virg9 ,"m
 ( ,god 9 ^! reput$ appe>ances to       
%eph]ds & "y p4 ,mlle4 de ,lam]li]e1 !  
accus$ woman1 su$ ! abbot = defamation (
 "*4 ,to ! pr(\nd regret ( ! *ur*1 ! "y 
lady lo/ h] suit4 ,f t "t1 h] "n became 
,! ,app>ition6 ,! *ur* gave h] a fam\s  
advocate1 ,b]ry]1 to appeal ! case2 !   
abbot 0 def5d$ by ,jules ,favre4 ,!     
high] c\rt ( ,gr5oble confirm$ !        
decision ( ! l[] c\rt1 :i* "u ord9>y    

circum/ances w\ld h put an end to ! new 
dogma4 ,b x did n4 ,! *ur* 0 9 politics 
& _h !re=e _m ways ( gett+ ov] a little 
emb>rassm5t l t4  ,b ! *ur* did m ?an   
promulgate new dogmas4 ,ab\t ?is "t1 9  
,bologna1 ! little *ild ( a ,jew1       
,m>t>a1 sudd5ly disappe>$ f home4       
,c>eful se>* by ! di/ract$ fa!r prov$ t 
! prie/s _h c>ri$ him (f to br+ him up z
 a ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,! anti-cl]ical p>ty
 p\r$ =? hot %ot at a *ur* t w\ld /eal1 
n only ! goods1 b also ! *ildr51 :5ev] x
 _h ! p[] to break into p's homes4 ,ev5 
! emp]or plead$ ) ! pope = ! return ( ! 
*ild to its outrag$ p>5ts4 ,b x 0 all 9 
va94 ,! *ur*1 ! ,holy ,ca?olic *ur*1 0 9
 ! saddle1 & %e w\ld ride ! nation to   
please h]self4 ,! pope repli$ t z ?is 0 
a matt] p]ta9+ to ! salvation ( ! *ild's
 s\l x 0 a spiritual "q1 & !re=e beyond 
! jurisdiction ( ! /ate4 ,%ortly aft]   
ano!r boy disappe>$ precisely 9 ! same  
mann]1 & 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,ca?olic sem9>y4
 ,! ,fr5* ambassador plead$ ) ! pope z  
be=e1 b ! *ur* 0 a div9e in/itution1 & !

 secul> au?orities 7 guilty ( imp]t95ce 
9 attempt+ to criticise h] conduct or to
 give h] advice4 ,x 0 impossible to live
 next door to su* a p[] peaceably4 ,9 e 
,ca?olic c\ntry !re 7 two k+doms1 ! "o  
)9 ! o!r2 two sov]eigns1 ! "o ! rival ( 
! o!r4 ,& ! result 01 z we said x w\ld  
be a mom5t ago1 ! div9e *ur* swall[$ up 
! secul> /ate :5ev] x c\ld4  ,9 #ahfd   
,pius ,,ix issu$ 8 fam\s encyclical1 9  
:i* he boldly condemn$ ! p]nici\s       
doctr9e ( ! rights ( man4 ,= !          
edification ( ,am]icans :o hope "s day  
to see a ,ca?olic 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se at    
,wa%+ton1 let u quote "o or two passages
 f ?is papal bull3  ,we 7! pope7 c n    
pass ov] 9 sil5ce ! audacity ( ^? :o    
tea* t except 9 matt]s p]ta9+ to ! *ur*1
 ! decrees ( ! ,apo/olic ,see are n b9d+
 ^u ! consci5ce4 ,:i* means t ! pope mu/
 be obey$ 9 secul> z well z 9 religi\s  
matt]s4 ,am]icans bew>e6  ,!re are also 
^? :o h ! audacity to decl>e t ! supreme
 au?ority giv5 by ,jesus ,*ri/ to !     
,apo/olic ,see is subject to ! secul>   

au?orities1 :i* means t ! pope is ! real
 head ( ! nation z well z ( ! *ur* & t  
%e w n obey any man-made con/itutions4  
,our pr$ecessor ( bless$ memory1        
,gregory ,,xvi1 describ$ z a madness,c !
 doctr9e ( lib]ty ( consci5ce & (       
wor%ip1 :i* means t ) ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 
p[] !re w be only "o *ur*4 ,!n !        
encyclical proce$s to enum]ate ! errors 
:i* all ,ca?olics condemn3     ,c ,de   
delire4  ,error ,,xviii4 ,to say t      
,prote/antism is a bran* ( ! true       
,*ri/ian *ur*1 & t a ,prote/ant c\ld be 
z pleas+ to ,god z a ,ca?olic4  ,error  
,,xxi4 ,t ! ,ca?olic *ur* has no "r to  
call itself ! only true *ur*4  ,error   
,,xxiv4 ,t ! *ur* has no "r to resort to
 =ce4  ,error ,,xxvii4 ,t ! holy m9i/]s 
( ! *ur* h no "r to int]f]e 9 matt]s    
temporal 7?is proves ! *>ge t ! ,ca?olic
 *ur* is 9 politics74  ,error ,,xxxvi4  
,t !re c be /ate *ur*es 9 any c\ntry o!r
 ?an ! ,ca?olic *ur*4  ,error ,,xlvii4  
,t ! s*ools %\ld be indep5d5t ( !       
au?ority ( ! *ur*4  ,error ,,lv4 ,t !   

/ate ought to be sep>at$ f ! *ur*4,d    
,d ,encyclique ,addressee p> ,n4 ,s4 ,p4
 ,le ,pope ,pie ,,ix4 ,= !     sake (   
brevity we h n translat$ ! above        
passages 9     _! entirety1 b _! mean+  
has n be5 sacrific$ to     brevity4     
,!re is mu* 9 ! passages quot$ to make e
 lov] ( free in/itutions to pond] ov]   
s]i\sly & long4  ,b let u ha/5 to !     
conclud+ *apt] ( t p]iod 9 hi/ory rea*+ 
f #ahdh to #ahgj1 ) :i* we h be5 deal+4 
,! ?ird ,napoleon began to realize t    
aft] all he 0 a m]e figure-head 9 !     
empire :i* he _h creat$ by violat+ 8 own
 oa? & abrogat+ ! con/itution4 ,! real  
sov]eign ( ! ,fr5* 0 ,pope ,pius ,,ix4  
,9 o!r words1 ! relation betwe5 pope &  
emp]or 0 t :i* ! bible sugge/s %\ld exi/
 betwe5 husb& & wife4 ,! pope 0 ! husb&1
 ! emp]or 0 ! wife1 &1 z comm&$ 9 !     
bible1 a wife mu/ obey h] husb&4        
,napoleon m ?an once made attempts to   
free himself f ! ev]-tight5+ grip ( !   
pope1 b only to f9d t he 0 helpless4 ,= 
in/ance he _h writt5 to ! pope ab\t     

re=ms 9 ! papal /ates1 urg+ ! ,holy     
,fa!r to curb ! abuses ( ! cl]gy & to   
introduce mod]n me?ods 9 ! gov]nm5t ( 8 
t]ritory4 ,b he 0 compell$ to apologize 
= presum+ to give advice to ! vic> (    
,*ri/4 ,on ano!r occasion1 ! emp]or 0   
fooli% en\gh to sugge/ t ,fr5*m5 mu/    
obey ! laws ( _! own c\ntry be=e ^? ( a 
=eign p[]4 ,did he mean ,rome1 by a     
=eign p[]8 ,he 0 cle>ly made to und]/& t
 ! ,ca?olics 9 ,france 7 fir/ ! subjects
 ( ! pope1 & !n ! subjects ( ! emp]or4  
,despite ^! failures to free himself f !
 au?ority ( ! *ur*1 ! signs (           
insubord9ation on ! "p ( ! emp]or       
increas$4 ,napoleon's pr9cipal weakness 
0 vacillation4 ,he nev] f9i%$ an        
und]tak+4 ,8 resolutions 7 l            
fire-rockets1 !y fell to ! gr\nd z soon 
z !y %ot up 9 ! air4 ,vacillation means 
weakness4 ,napoleon aft] all 0 l clay 9 
! h&s ( ! pope4 ,! pope _h made him1 & !
 pope c\ld unmake him4  ,to be j to !   
emp]or1 we mu/ also make all[ances = !  
influ5ce :i* ! que51 ,empress ,eug5ie1  

ex]t$ ov] him4 ,%e 0 a ,spani>d1 v      
worldly1 & yet v pi\s4 ,%e 0 "o ( ^?    
wom5 to :om ! prie/ 0 ,god 9 m9iature4  
,/range z x may seem1 ,napoleon's son1  
on ! o!r h&1 ! pr9ce & presumptive heir 
to ! ?rone1 at ^: bir? ! pope _h s5t    
,eug5ie ! gold5 rose1 0 an av[$ free    
?9k]4 ,napoleon n[ sid$ ) 8 que51 & n[ )
 8 son4 ,he _h no m9d ( 8 own4 ,x 0 9 "o
 ( 8 indep5d5t moods t he decid$ to make
 a f9al ef=t to %ake (f ,rome f 8       
%\ld]s4 ,he ent]$ into a secret         
arrangem5t ) ,victor ,emmanuel ( ,italy1
 :o 0 !n seek+ to seize ,rome z !       
capital ( ,unit$ ,italy1 to help        
humiliate ,pius ,,ix4 ,napoleon promis$ 
to let ,g>ibaldi m>* ^u ,rome4 ,f !     
mom5t t ! ,ca?olics discov]$ ?is plot to
 rob ! pope ( ! city ( ,rome1 ,napoleon 
0 doom$4 ,! *ur* n only %[$ its         
displeasure pla9ly1 b x made x also     
evid5t t x w\ld n accept any apologies  
?is "t4 ,napoleon's resolution sick5$   
aga94 ,he became al>m$ = 8 ?rone4 ,he   
saw ! sword ( ,damocles hang+ ov] 8 head

 by a s+le hair4 ,he ha/5$ to expla91 b 
! prie/s :o _h call$ him a ,con/ant9e1 &
 a ,*>lemagne1 n[ call$ him a ,n]o1 & a 
,pontius ,pilate4 ,l ,judas1 he _h      
betray$ 8 ma/]4 ,x 0 9 ! va9 hope ( once
 m sw++ ar\nd ! ,ca?olic _w to 8 support
 t ! emp]or tapp$ ! res\rces ( 8 c\ntry 
to advance ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,b5t ^u ?is 
err& he s5t an exp$ition to ,syria1     
ano!r to ,*9a1 ano!r to ,mexico4        
,ev]y:]e ,france mu/ become ! def5d] ( !
 ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,x 0 n to ! int]e/ (    
,france to wa/e its sub/ance 9 a sort ( 
,ca?olic crusade1 tramp+ f ea/ to we/1 =
 ! glory ( ! *ur*1 b x 0 only by        
sacrific+ ,france to ! vatican t        
,napoleon hop$ to *ange ! fr[n ( ! pope 
into a smile4 ,f9ally x occurr$ to !    
emp]or t a w> ) ,g]many1 ! ris+         
,prote/ant p[] ( ! nor?1 w\ld re/ore 8  
popul>ity ) ! *ur*4 ,he w\ld humiliate  
,g]many1 ov]?r[ ! iron *ancellor1 &     
conv]t ,b]l9 into a ,ca?olic capital4   
,su* a conque/ w\ld give ,ca?olicism an 
imm5se pre/ige1 & x w\ld make (         

,napoleon really ano!r ,*>lemagne4 ,! w>
 0 decl>$4 ,x 0 an act ( %e] madness4 ,!
 :ole nation 0 go+ to be ?r[n into ! m\?
 ( ! cannon to please ,rome & to rega9  
h] favor = ,france4 ,b x 0 survive or   
p]i% ) ,napoleon4  ,he did n h ! %ad[ ( 
a f\ndation = a qu>rel ) ,g]many4 ,t    
c\ntry 0 will+ to )draw ! c&idacy ( a   
,hoh5zoll]n = ! ,spani% ?rone4 ,b       
,napoleon dem&$ m4 ,france _h be5       
injur$1 he decl>$1 & ,g]many mu/ be     
puni%$ = x4 ,x mu/ be /at$ t ,napoleon  
c\nt$ on ! co-op]ation ( ! ,k+ ( ,italy 
9 ! attack ^u ,g]many4 ,b :5 ! w> 0     
decl>$ ,victor ,emmanuel dem&$ t be=e he
 c s5d an ,italian army to ! aid ( !    
,fr5*1 ,napoleon mu/ recall 8 soldi]s f 
,rome4 ,! ,fr5* 7 /ill keep+ an army 9  
,rome to ma9ta9 ! pope ^u 8 ?rone4      
,victor ,emmanuel ask$ ! ,fr5* to vacate
 ,rome4 ,?is ,napoleon 0 will+ en\gh to 
d1 b ! ,ca?olics 9 ,france ?reat5$ to   
boycott ! emp]or if he left ! pope to 8 
fate4 ,x 0 a critical situation4 ,!     
,italians w\ld n budge unless ! ,fr5*   

soldi]s 7 recall$ f ,rome1 & ! ,fr5*    
w\ld n support ! emp]or if !y 74 ,9 !   
meantime1 ! victori\s ,g]mans 7 be=e !  
walls ( ,s$an4 ,anon1 ! cannon's ro> 0  
he>d 9 ! /reets ( ,p>is4 ,a wave (      
blood1 r$ & palpitat+1 0 sweep+ onw>d ^u
 ! fair l& ( ,france4 ,! nation 0 ^u h] 
knees1 mangl$1 ble$+1 torn1 ru9$4 ,!    
fai?ful 7 m>*+ ! /reets ) ,god save     
,rome & ,france4 ,x 0 too late4 ,! *ur* 
9 politics co/ ,france ! slaught] ( h]  
armies1 ! crim9al wa/e ( h] sav+s1 !    
de/ruction ( h] cities1 ! loss ( two (  
h] prov9ces--,alsace & ,lorra9e--&      
impos$ ^u h] a blood tax1 ! enormity (  
:i* 0 appall+4 ,am]icans bew>e6  ,& if  
,france did n g ! way ( ,spa91 x 0      
because1 :5 %e return$ to ! republican  
=m ( gov]nm5t once m1 %e put no fai? 9 !
 pr(essions ( loyalty to ! republic by !
 prie/s1 & refus$ to consid] _! c&idate 
to ! presid5cy4 ,by ou/+ ! *ur* f       
politics 9 ,france1 t unhappy c\ntry has
 recov]$ h] heal?1 has ent]$ ! pa? (    
peace & progress1 & is today "o ( !     

free/ & =emo/ nations ( ! _w4  ,:at c ! 
*ur* d = a p8 ,look at ,spa94  ,:at c a 
c\ntry d )\t ! *ur*8 ,look at reg5]at$  
,france4            99       99       99
       99       99     ,transcrib]'s    
note3     ,9 g5]al e ef=t has be5 made  
to replicate ! orig9al text z           
fai?fully z possible1 :i* may include "s
 in/ances ( no long]   /&>d or incorrect
 spell+1 gramm>1 hyph5ation &           
punctuation4   ,! use ( acc5ts on       
non-,engli% words 0 irregul> & mo/ly    
abs5t2   ?is has n be5 alt]$4 ,italic   
text is d5ot$ by und]scores4    ,!      
foll[+ *anges 7 made to repair app>5tly 
typographical   errors3    p4 #d        
irritability or impetu\sity impetu\sity 
*ang$ to impetuosity   p4 #aj ,! words1 
,lib]ty1 ,equality1 ,frat]nity1 extra   
remov$   p4 #ae ,c\ld n1 !re=e1         
,napoelon ,napoelon *ang$ to ,napoleon  
p4 #af ,if ! *ur* submtis  submtis *ang$
 to submits   p4 #ai ! true ,*ri/ion    
*ur* ,*ri/ion *ang$ to ,*ri/ian   p4 #bj
 has n be5 sacrific$ to brevity4 p]iod  

ins]t$