file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #cieff-;h4htm  
or #cieff-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#cieff_/pg#cieff-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cief
f_/cieff-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see                  
http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/curiositie
s(hea#jjteff      ,illu/ration3 ,,effect
 ( ,,heat4  ,frontispiece4              
,,curiosities ,,( ,,heat4  by  ,,rev4   
,,lyman ,b4 ,,tefft4                    
,philadelphia3 ,! ,bible & ,publication 
,society1 #ecj ,ar* ,/reet4  ,ent]$     
accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye>    
#ahga1 by ,! ,bible & ,publication      
,society1 ,9 ! (fice ( ! ,libr>ian (    
,congress1 at ,wa%+ton4  ,we/cott       
,?omson1 ,/]eotyp]s1 ,philada4          
,,cont5ts4                              
,,page    ,,*apt] ,i4      ,,mr4        
,,wilton',s ,,bible ,,class             
#g    ,,*apt] ,,ii4      ,,new ,,?\ghts 

,,= ,,! ,,s*ol>s               #bf      
,,*apt] ,,iii4      ,a ,,difficult ,,"q 
#eh    ,,*apt] ,,iv4      ,,heat ,a     
,,gift ,,( ,,god                        
#hc    ,,*apt] ,v4      ,,conveyance ,,&
 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,heat           #ajj   
,,*apt] ,,vi4      ,,managem5t ,,&      
,,s\rces ,,( ,,heat             #abj    
,,*apt] ,,vii4      ,,pres]vation ,,&   
,,di/ribution ,,( ,,heat      #aeb      
,,*apt] ,,viii4      ,,modification ,,( 
,,temp]ature                #agf        
,,*apt] ,,ix4      ,,! ,,m9i/ry ,,(     
,,suff]+                  #aij          
,,*apt] ,x4      ,,transportation ,,(   
,,heat                     #bac         
,,*apt] ,,xi4      ,,an ,,effective     
,,s]mon                        #bcc     
,,*apt] ,,xii4      ,,transf] ,,( ,,heat
 ,,9 ,,space                  #bed      
,,*apt] ,,xiii4      ,,ocean ,,curr5ts  
,,& ,,iceb]gs                #bgb       
,,*apt] ,,xiv4                          
,,combu/ion4--,,coal-,,b$s              
#bib    ,,*apt] ,,xv4      ,,economy ,,(

 ,,heat                            #cje 
,,*apt] ,,xvi4      ,a ,,day ,,( ,,joy  
,,& ,,gladness                  #cbj    
,,curiosities ,,( ,,heat4     ,,*apt]   
,i4  ,,mr4 ,,wilton',s ,,bible ,,class4 
,! book ( ,nature is my ,bible4 ,i agree
 ) old ,cic]o3 ,i c\nt ,nature ! be/    
guide1 & foll[ h] z if %e 7 a god1 & wi%
 = no o!r4  ,^! 7 ! words ( ,mr4 ,hume1 
an infidel1 spok5 9 ! village /ore4 ,x 0
 ,monday ev5+4 ,by "s /range freak1 or  
l$ by a div9e impulse1 he _h det]m9$1 ! 
previ\s ,sunday aft]noon1 to g to *ur* &
 he> :at ! m9i/] _h to say4 ,s !        
,*ri/ian p 7 all surpris$ to see ,mr4   
,hume walk into _! assembly--a ?+ :i* _h
 n be5 se5 be=e 9 a twelvemon?4 ,mr4    
,hume did n %un ! *ur* f a dislike ( !  
m9i/]4 ,he believ$ ,mr4 ,wilton to be a 
good man1 & he knew him to be k9d &     
e>ne/1 well in/ruct$ 9 e k9d ( k &      
mighty 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,he kept alo(   
because he hat$ ! ,bible4 ,he _h be5    
in/ruct$ 9 ! ,scriptures :5 a boy1 & _m 
,bible tru?s /ill clung to 8 memory :i* 

he w\ld h be5 glad to bani%4 ,he c\ld n 
=get ^? /irr+ words :i* h come d[n to u 
f ! ,"l ,jesus1 & f prophets & apo/les1 
& !y sorely tr\bl$ 8 consci5ce4 ,he     
c\nt$ ! ,bible an enemy1 & det]m9$ t he 
w\ld n believe x4  ,at t "t !re 0 an    
increas+ religi\s int]e/ 9 ! *ur*4 ,mr4 
,wilton _h se5 _m an eye gr[ te>ful z he
 unfold$ ! love ( ,*ri/ & urg$ ^u 8     
he>]s ! claims ( ! exalt$ ,r$eem]4 ,he  
f\nd an increas+ read9ess to li/5 :5 he 
talk$ ) ! "y p ( 8 congregation4 ,!     
pray]-meet+s 7 fill+ up1 & becom+ m     
int]e/+ & solemn4 ,! imp5it5t dropp$ 9  
to ^! meet+s m frequ5tly ?an 0 _! wont4 
,mr4 ,wilton himself felt ! p[] ( ,*ri/ 
com+ ^u him & gird+ him z if = "s great 
spiritual conflict4 ,8 he>t 0 fill$ ) an
 unspeakable ye>n+ to see s9n]s conv]t$ 
& ,*ri/ glorifi$4 ,he seem$ to himself  
to "w )\t fatigue4 ,8 s]mons came to him
 z if by inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he 
felt a new s5se ( 8 call f ,god to prea*
 ! gospel to m51 & spoke z an ambassador
 ( ,*ri/1 pray+ m5 t5d]ly1 p]suad+ly1 to

 be reconcil$ to ,god1 yet z "o t has a 
"r to speak1 & ! au?ority to ann\nce to 
man ! conditions ( salvation4  ,a few ( 
! spiritual-m9d$ saw ?is little cl\d    
ris+1 b ! p 9 g5]al knew no?+ ( x4 ,lea/
 ( all did ,mr4 ,hume suspect su* an    
und]curr5t ( religi\s int]e/2 yet = "s  
reason1 he h>dly knew :at1 he felt      
incl9$ to g to *ur*4  ,t aft]noon !     
prea*] spoke z if 8 s\l 7 aw$1 yet lift$
 to heav5ly heights1 by ! pres5ce ( ,god
 & ,*ri/4 ,read+ z 8 text ! words1 ,?\  
?\ghte/ t ,i 0 altoge!r su* an "o z     
?yself 7,ps4 l4 #ba71 he %[$1 fir/1 !   
false notions :i* m5 =m ( ,god1 & !n    
unfold$1 ) great p[] & pung5cy1 !       
,scripture revelation ( ! "o inf9ite1   
p]sonal1 liv+1 holy1 j1 & graci\s       
,jehovah4 ,?is 0 ! v !me :i* ,mr4 ,hume 
wi%$ mo/ ( all n to he>4 ,t v "n1       
,jehovah1 ( all ! names appli$ to ,god1 
0 mo/ disagreeable2 x sugge/$ ! idea ( !
 liv+ ,god :o manife/$ himself 9 old5 "t
 & wr\ght wond]s be=e ! eyes ( m54 ,b ! 
infidel1 ) 8 active m9d1 c\ld n help    

li/5+1 nor c\ld he loos5 8 consci5ce f !
 grasp ( ! tru?4 ,yet he c\ld fight     
aga9/ x1 & ?is he did1 det]m9$ t he w\ld
 n believe 9 su* a ,god--a ,god :o held 
him acc\ntable1 & w\ld br+ him into     
judgm5t 9 ! la/ great day4 ,9 ?is /ate (
 m9d he dropp$ into ,deacon ,gregory's  
/ore4  ,deacon ,gregory 0 accu/om$ to   
obey ,paul's injunction to ,timo?y3 ,be 
in/ant 9 season1 out ( season2 reprove1 
rebuke1 exhort ) all long suff]+ &      
doctr9e4 ,hav+ tak5 ,mr4 ,hume's ord]s =
 groc]ies1 he said1 ,i 0 glad to see y  
at *ur* ye/]day1 ,mr4 ,hume4 ,h[ 7 y    
int]e/$ 9 ! s]mon8  ,i l ,mr4 ,wilton1  
answ]$ ,mr4 ,hume2 ,i ?9k him a v e>ne/ 
& good man4  ,b 7 y n int]e/$ & pleas$ )
 ! disc\rse8 ,x seems to me t ,i %all   
nev] lose ! impression ( ,god's exi/5ce 
& "* :i* t disc\rse made ^u me4 ,i almo/
 felt t ,mr4 ,wilton spoke f            
inspiration4  ,i suppose he 0 inspir$ j 
z mu* z ! writ]s ( t book :i* m5 call '!
 ,bible4'  ,b c y :olly get rid ( !     
conviction t ! ,bible is ! ^w ( ,god1   

writt5 by holy m5 inspir$ by ! ,holy    
,_s8  ,y "k1 ,deacon ,gregory1 t ,i d n 
believe :at y pr(ess to believe4 ,! book
 ( ,nature is my ,bible4 ,i agree ) old 
,cic]o3 ,i c\nt ,nature ! be/ guide1 &  
foll[ h] z if %e 7 a god1 & wi% no o!r4 
,deacon ,gregory _h nev] read ,cic]o1 & 
( c\rse did n attempt to %[1 z he might 
o!rwise h done1 t ,cic]o did n mean to  
d5y ! exi/5ce ( a liv+1 p]sonal ,god1 :o
 gov]ns ! _w4  ,b1 said he1 does n !    
book ( ,nature--y\r ,bible1 z y call    
x--h some?+ to say ( ,god8 ,does x n    
speak ( an inf9itely wise & good        
,creator & ,gov]nor8 ,d n ! works (     
,nature tell ( ! same ,god ^: be+ & "* 7
 prea*$ to u ye/]day f ! ,holy          
,scriptures8  ,nature has nev] spok5 to 
me ( any ,god except h]self4 ,:at ne$ is
 !re ( a creator8 ,:o c prove t !       
univ]se did n exi/ f et]nity8 ,nature   
has h] laws ( developm5t1 & "u ^? laws  
all ! op]ations ( nature g on4 ,y _h    
bett] read ,d>w94 ,if "o mu/ f9d ! "* ( 
,god 9 nature1 he may z well picture an 

evil creator & gov]nor z "o t is good & 
righte\s4 ,does ,nature puni% ^? :om y  
call ! wick$8 ,does ,nature rew>d !     
righte\s8 ,d n ! laws ( ,nature br+     
suff]+ to ! good & ! bad alike1 &       
happ9ess also to all classes ( m58 ,w\ld
 y1 if y _h p[]1 create a _w l ?is--a _w
 9 :i* dang]1 pa91 & dea?1 9 e %ape1 lie
 9 ambu% aga9/ its inhabitants e h\r (  
_! poor exi/5ce8 ,b ,i mu/ g4 ,paus+ a  
mom5t1 h[ev]1 z if reluctant to g1 ) a  
voice sad & almo/ tremul\s1 :i* reveal$ 
a great deal m ( 8 he>t ?an he design$  
to express1 he add$3 ,god kn[s1 deacon1 
if !re be a ,god1 h[ ,i wi% ,i knew !   
tru? ab\t ^! matt]s4 ,! _w & myself are 
to me great & dreadful my/]ies4  ',he t 
w d 8 w %all "k ( ! doctr9e1' answ]$    
,deacon ,gregory2 & invit+ him to come  
to *ur* aga91 !y sep>at$4  ,?is         
conv]sation ) ! pi\s deacon1 ?\gh he _h 
himself done mo/ ( ! talk+ & _h 8 say   
almo/ unoppos$1 did n t5d at all to br+ 
re/ to ,mr4 ,hume's consci5ce4 ,he saw t
 ! deacon's fai? 9 ,god did = him m ?an 

belief 9 ,nature & wor%ip at ! alt> (   
,sci5ce c\ld d = unbeliev]s4 ,he felt   
also t he _h spok5 a little too freely1 
especially 9 reveal+1 at ! la/1 8 unre/ 
( _s f ! want ( fix$ convictions 9 reg>d
 to religi\s tru?4 ,deacon ,gregory1 by 
! s9c]ity & manl9ess ( 8 address1 0     
accu/om$ to draw out ! he>ts ( m5 s t !y
 express$ !m m freely ?an !y design$4   
,^u a b5* 9 a %ad$ corn] ( ! /ore sat a 
lad ( sixte5 or sev5te5 ye>s1 unnotic$ =
 ! "t be+ by ei!r ,mr4 ,hume or ,deacon 
,gregory4 ,8 "n 0 ,ansel1 & he 0 ! son (
 ! s5ior deacon ( ! *ur*4 ,he 0 9 !     
village academy1 & _h !re be5 ne>ly     
fitt$ = college4 ,he /ood at ! head ( 8 
class1 &1 ) 8 %>p intellig5ce1 8        
impetu\s en]gy1 & high ambition1 e "o 0 
pr$ict+ = him a di/+ui%$ life4 ,he _h   
gr[n up ?us f> 9 ! bosom ( a family :]e 
piety 0 no pret5ce4 ,e>ne/ pray] _h gone
 up = him by day & by night4 ,he _h be5 
well tra9$ 9 ! ,sunday-s*ool1 & = a ye> 
_h be5 a memb] ( ! small class ( "y m5  
taught by ,mr4 ,wilton4 ,he _h always   

%[n a ready int]e/ 9 all ,bible /udies &
 a quick und]/&+ ( ,scripture doctr9e1 s
 t "s ?\ght him n f> f ! k+dom ( ,god4  
,b ,deacon ,arnold little ?\ght :at 0 9 
! he>t ( 8 son4 ,he might h kn[n1 = to  
read 8 son's he>t he _h only to recall 8
 own e>ly manhood4 ,= ye>s he _h hung   
trembl+ ^u ! br9k ( ru91 swept1 at      
times1 by 8 self-w & turbul5t y\?ful    
passions1 to ! v v]ge ( ! precipice1 &  
_h be5 pres]v$ only by s+ul> grace f    
fall+ ov]4 ,n[ ,ansel 0 foll[+ 9 8      
fa!r's e>ly foot/eps--self-will$1 &     
/ubborn aga9/ ! ,_s ( ,god1 &1 at times1
 almo/ p]suad$ to ca/ (f all religi\s   
re/ra9t1 t he might c>ve out 8 worldly  
=tunes untrammel$ by religi\s or        
consci5ti\s scruples4 ,he _h r>ely he>d 
infidel s5tim5ts express$1 b ! little t 
he _h he>d _h attract$ him1 & _h        
enc\rag$ him to give loose re9s to 8 own
 unbeliev+ disposition4 ,x _h n escap$ 8
 notice t ! two or ?ree m5 :om he _h    
he>d spok5 ( z infidels 7 among ! mo/   
respectable & %rewde/ bus9ess-m5 9 !    

village4 ,! idea1 moreov]1 ( reject+ all
 au?oritative doctr9e1 & believ+ :atev] 
%\ld please him1 c>ri$ ) x s free &     
indep5d5t an air1 & h>moniz$ s well ) 8 
natural disposition1 t he easily drift$ 
9 ! direction ( unbelief4  ,sitt+ ?is   
ev5+ unobs]v$1 he drank 9 e ^w :i* ,mr4 
,hume utt]$4 ,"s ( ! notions ?r[n out 7 
q new to him4 ,! book ( ,nature my      
,bible--,nature reveals no ,god b h] own
 laws--,no pro( t ! matt] ( ! univ]se   
has n exi/$ f et]nity uncreat$--,nature 
has h] laws ( developm5t--,no ne$ ( a   
,god to gov]n ! _w1--^! 7 se$-?\ghts 9  
,ansel's m9d4 ,he _h be=e ?\ght ( ! only
 alt]native to be set ov] aga9/ belief 9
 ! sacr$ ,scriptures z simply           
unbelief--b>e1 blank d5ial ( _! tru?4   
,he _h n dream$ ( build+ up a set (     
pr\d1 rationali/ic notions1 & d5y+ !    
tru?s ( religion 9 ! "* ( a "y          
philosoph]4 ,he kept 8 ?\ghts to        
himself1 & turn$ !m ov] & ov] 9 8 m9d   
dur+ ! week1 & :5 aga9 he met 8 pa/or 9 
! ,bible class 8 head 0 full ( 8 new    

notions4 ,! lesson w5t on1 h[ev]1 &     
clos$ z usual4 ,x s happ5$ t ?is 0 ! la/
 9 a s]ies ( lessons ^u ! ,gospel (     
,john4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 t ano!r    
c\rse ( lessons %\ld be decid$ ^u4  ,mr4
 ,wilton propos$ ! "q to ! class3 ,:at  
%all be our next c\rse ( lessons8 ,w\ld 
y l to /udy "o ( ! ,epi/les--! ,epi/le  
to ! ,romans or t to ! ,hebrews8 ,& he  
briefly /at$ ! subject discuss$ 9 ^!    
,epi/les ( ,paul4 ,p]haps1 he cont9u$1 y
 w\ld pref] to /udy "o ( ! hi/oric books
 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t8 ,! class _h no      
op9ion4 ,!y wav]$ betwe5 an ,epi/le & a 
hi/oric book & topical lessons :i* %\ld 
conf9e !m to no "o book ( ! ,bible4 ,!n 
,ansel spoke up3  ,mr4 ,wilton1 :y c we 
n /udy some?+ :i* we "k to be true8     
,ansel meant to be v cauti\s z well z v 
respectful1 & did n design to commit    
himself by sugge/+ 8 own ?\ghts4 ,he 0  
respectful1 b 9 ! confusion ( ! mom5t he
 _h br\ght out ! v ?\ghts :i* he meant  
to conceal4  ,mr4 ,wilton 0 />tl$1 ?\gh 
he did n fully und]/& ! drift ( ,ansel's

 "q4  ,:at d y mean1 ,ansel8 he ask$2 d 
y ?9k ,g5esis less tru/wor?y ?an !      
,epi/le ( ,paul8  ,ansel saw t he _h    
committ$ himself & mu/ n[ make ! be/ ( 8
 situation4 ,he !re=e answ]$ cauti\sly3 
,"s p]sons1 ,i h he>d said1 d n believe 
! ,bible to be inspir$1 & !y say t we h 
no evid5ce t x is true4  ,:at h y be5   
read+1 ,ansel1 t has put su* ?\ghts into
 y\r m9d8  ,i h nev] read a book t said 
any?+ aga9/ ! ,bible4  ,b :at did y     
mean8 ,d y wi% to /udy ! evid5ces ( !   
tru? & inspiration ( ! ,holy            
,scriptures8  ,i %\ld inde$ l a c\rse ( 
lessons ^u t subject1 b t 0 n q :at ,i 0
 ?9k+ (4  ,:at book c y f9d :i* is true 
if ! ,bible is n true8  ,i d n "k1 sir1 
b ,i he>d ,mr4 ,hume say t ! book (     
,nature is 8 ,bible1 & t we d n ne$ any 
o!r1 & t1 :e!r ! ,bible be true or n1 we
 "k t ! tea*+s ( ,nature mu/ be true4   
,b we %\ld f9d1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 t !  
tea*+s ( ,nature & ! ,bible w\ld        
p]fectly agree4 ,did ,mr4 ,hume say t   
:at he calls ',! book ( ,nature'        

contradicts ! sacr$ ,scriptures8  ,n[ t 
,ansel c\ld give ! ?\ghts :i* fill$ 8   
m9d1 n z 8 own1 b z ,mr4 ,hume's1 he %[$
 no f>!r hesitation 9 speak+4  ,yes1    
sir1 he answ]$2 he said t ,nature tea*es
 u t !re is no ,god1 because !re is no  
ne$ ( any4 ,he said t we _c prove t ,god
 creat$ ! univ]se1 b t matt] has exi/$ f
 et]nity uncreat$1 & t all ! *anges 9   
nature g on by c]ta9 laws ( developm5t1 
& t a c]ta9 ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h writt5 a book 
& prov$ ?is4  ,! read] w notice t 9 !   
report ( ,mr4 ,hume's language ! s*ol>  
w5t some:at f>!r ?an 8 ma/] _h done4    
,mr4 ,wilton 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! pres5t 
%ape ( sci5tific infidelity1 & saw t    
,ansel's /atem5ts 7 some:at exagg]at$1 b
 he und]/ood 9 a mom5t ! drift (        
,ansel's ?\ghts1 ?\gh he c\ld n tell z  
yet h[ deep & fix$ an impression _h be5 
made ^u 8 m9d4 ,b he did n c>e to probe 
,ansel's consci5ce j !n & !re1 9 ord] to
 le>n ! exact /ate ( ! case4  ,if ,i    
und]/& y1 !n1 he said1 y w\ld l a c\rse 
( lessons 9 ! tea*+s ( ,nature8  ,(     

c\rse1 ,i did n suppose t y w\ld all[ u 
to h a c\rse ( lessons 9 ! works (      
,nature in/ead ( ! ,bible4  ,b if ,i 7  
will+ to give y a c\rse ( lessons %[+ ! 
footpr9ts ( ! ,creator1 s to speak1 9 ! 
physical _w1 h[ w\ld x please y8  ,i    
%\ld l x v mu*4  ,h[ w\ld su* a plan    
please ! o!r memb]s ( ! class8  ,! idea 
0 entirely new2 no "o ( !m _h ev] dream$
 ( /udy+ 9 a ,bible class any?+ except !
 ,bible2 b "y p are n av]se to          
novelties1 & !y readily gave _! ass5t4  
,yet ,i %\ld d ! class inju/ice by leav+
 ! impression t !y 7 influ5c$ simply by 
! love ( some?+ new4 ,!y 7 ( j t age :5 
"o h>dly kn[s :e!r to call !m lads or "y
 m52 !y _h be5 well in/ruct$1 & 7 j     
beg9n+ to ?9k indep5d5tly4 ,!y 7 rapidly
 becom+ consci\s ( _! own m5tal p[]1 & 7
 eag] to try _! /r5g? ^u e l9e ( ?\ght4 
,_! own weakness !y _h h>dly begun to   
le>n4 ,p]haps !y 7 all ! m ready to     
und]take su* a c\rse ( /udy because !y  
knew no?+ ( ! difficulties att5d+ x4  ,!
 t9kl+ ( ! sup]9t5d5t's bell w>n$ !m to 

close _! conv]sation4  ,we h n "t       
to-day1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 to fix on !  
p>ticul> l9e ( /udy :i* we %all foll[4  
,( c\rse we _c exam9e all ! works (     
,nature1 & /udy e sci5ce1 & trace !     
footpr9ts ( ! ,creator 9 e place :]e he 
has walk$2 we mu/ fix on "s small "p ( !
 works ( ,god1 & direct our att5tion    
closely to t4 ,we %all f9d ?is c\rse m  
pr(itable ?an roam+ c>elessly ov] a mu* 
l>g] space4 ,our next lesson w h to be a
 g5]al "o--a k9d ( preface to :at %all  
come aft]4 ,9 ! mean :ile1 y c be       
collect+ y\r ?\ghts ^u ! subject1 &     
call+ to m9d any?+ t y h read be>+ ^u ! 
h&iwork ( ,god manife/ 9 ,nature4  ,!   
s*ool clos$1 & z ! s*ol>s pass out let  
me introduce to y ! memb]s ( ! pa/or's  
class4 ,?is class 0 small = sev]al      
reasons4 ,! *ur* to :i* ,mr4 ,wilton    
prea*$ 0 n ! popul> *ur*4 ,! fa%ionable 
p & all :o lov$ popul>ity & drift$ ) !  
tide w5t to ano!r *ur*4 ,c>eless1       
?\ghtless "y p naturally w5t ) ! cr[d1 &
 ( ^? :o att5d$ 8 *ur* "s did n c>e to  

jo9 8 class4 ,he 0 too mu* 9 e>ne/ to   
please !m4 ,he made religion a reality1 
& 8 in/ruction compell$ !m to ?9k1 & (  
c\rse ^? :o did n l to ?9k 7 n well     
pleas$ ) him4 ,b !re 7 a few ( ! "y m5  
:o 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 8 in/ructions4   
,!y 7 e>ne/ read]s ( in/ructive books2  
!y lik$ conv]sation :i* call$ out ?\ght2
 !y 7 mo/ ( all pleas$ ) que/ions & !mes
 :i* gave !m new ideas4 ,inde$1 9 !     
community1 !re 7 two classes ( p]sons :o
 held ,mr4 ,wilton 9 ! highe/ e/eem &   
reg>d3 "o ( ^! 0 compos$ ( m5 & wom5 (  
e>ne/1 intellig5t piety1 exp]i5c$       
,*ri/ians2 ! o!r1 ( ^? :o 7 n ,*ri/ians1
 b :o respect$ s9c]ity & dis9t]e/$      
godl9ess1 & lik$ s]mons fill$ ) meat &  
m>r[4  ,?us1 at ! pres5t "t1 we f9d 8   
class compos$ ( b ?ree "y m54 ,) ,ansel 
y are already acqua9t$4 ,! second is    
,pet] ,?ornton1 ! son ( a ma/]-c>p5t]4  
,he 0 frank1 outspok51 quick 9 !        
acquisition ( almo/ e k9d ( k1 b v      
little giv5 to sil5t reflection4 ,he    
li/5$ to 8 pa/or's in/ruction z he w\ld 

g to a well-fill$ libr>y1 to draw out   
its /ores ( in=mation4 ,morals &        
moraliz+ he did n l4 ,he 0 n pi\s1 &    
gave no indication ( s]i\s impressions4 
,! ?ird 0 ,samuel ,l$y>d1 ! son ( a poor
 wid[4 ,by pa9ful indu/ry & economy 8   
pi\s "m 0 giv+ him ! be/ advantages =   
education :i* ! village af=d$1 pray+ !  
,"l to give him a "p 9 ! bless$ "w (    
prea*+ ! gospel & w9n+ s9n]s to ,*ri/ & 
salvation4 ,:5 b twelve ye>s ( age he   
gave himself to ,*ri/1 & _h be5 try+    
fai?fully to foll[ 8 ,"l4 ,! long w9t]  
ev5+s 7 sp5t 9 read+ books ( hi/ory &   
sci5ce--books fitt$ to furni% & /r5g!n 8
 m9d--& long ere ! light dimm$ ! morn+  
/> he 0 por+ ov] 8 ,bible1 alt]nately   
read+ ! ^w & pray+ t 8 m9d might be op5$
 to und]/& ! tru? 9 its beauty &        
greatness1 & t ! tru? might be wr\ght 9 
him by vital exp]i5ces4  ,) su* habits x
 0 no wond] t he grew 9 grace--x 0 no   
wond] t he grew 9 all manly qualities4  
,he 0 sil5t1 m$itative1 & retir+1 z     
g5tle 9 8 ways z a quiet girl1 yet all  

:o knew him recogniz$ 9 him a s+ul>     
weight & wor? ( "*4 ,^? to :om ! ,"l    
reveal$ 8 secrets began to say t ,samuel
 0 appo9t$ ( ,god to prea* ! gospel1 & 8
 "m felt ! assurance gr[+ /rong 9 h]    
he>t t h] pray] 0 grant$1 & t ! ,"l 0   
prep>+ h] only son & only *ild = a place
 9 ! gospel m9i/ry4 ,if only %e might   
tra9 up a son to su* a "w1 & :5 %e %\ld 
g to h] re/ leave 9 h] place a man work+
 = ,*ri/ 9 8 h>ve/-field1 ga!r+ %eaves  
unto ev]la/+ life1 %e felt t h] cup w\ld
 be full4 ,%e 0 ready to say ) ,simeon3 
,n[ lette/ ?\ ?y s]vant dep>t 9 peace1 =
 m9e eyes h se5 ?y salvation4 ,h[ unlike
 %e 0 to ^? mo!rs :o lay all h9drances 9
 ! way ( _! sons ent]+ ! "w ( ! ,*ri/ian
 m9i/ry1 will+ t !y %\ld d any?+ b ?is6 
& h[ diff]5t f ^? :o decl>e t _!        
daught]s %all nev] w$ m9i/]s ( ! gospel1
 tea*+ !m to despise ! s]vice ( a       
pa/or's wife6 ,h[ (t5 ,god gives ov] su*
 sons & daught]s--*ildr5 consecrat$ f _!
 bir? to worldl9ess--to be entangl$ &   
lo/ 9 worldly sn>es6 ,z su* mo!rs s[1   

?us also d !y reap4  ,^! 7 ! ?ree lads1 
j gr[+ into "y manhood1 at ?is "t "u !  
in/ruction ( ,mr4 ,wilton4 ,he 0 n a%am$
 ( 8 class1 ?\gh x 0 small4 ,z he saw !m
 exp&+ 9 ?\ght & tak+ %ape "u 8 h&1 he  
felt t 9 !m he 0 p]petuat+ 8 influ5ce 9 
com+ g5]ations4 ,he believ$ t 9 "o or m 
( !m he %\ld prea* ! gospel aft] 8 body 
0 sleep+ 9 ! e>? await+ ! resurrection4 
,i tru/ ! k9d read] w be int]e/$ 9      
foll[+ ! c\rse ( /udy ?r\gh :i* _! pa/or
 %all lead !m4     ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,new 
,,?\ghts ,,= ,,! ,,s*ol>s4   ,! little  
class :i* has be5 introduc$ to ! read]  
came toge!r ! next ,"l's ,day int]e/$ & 
expectant1 yet n kn[+ :at to expect4 ,!y
 _h *os5 a c\rse ( /udy1 yet !y c\ld n  
tell :at t c\rse 0 to be4 ,!y _h tri$ to
 ?9k ( some?+ def9ite ab\t x1 b c\ld fix
 _! m9ds ^u no?+4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole       
subject 0 new1 & !y c\ld n decide :]e or
 h[ to take hold ( x4 ,!y came toge!r1  
!re=e1 ) no m k ( ! subject ?an :5 !y   
sep>at$4  ,mr4 ,wilton himself came be=e
 8 class 9 a /ate ( d\bt4 ,he _h giv5 ! 

subject _m h\rs ( ?\ght1 & _h c>ri$ x to
 8 closet & bes\ght ! guidance ( ! ,holy
 ,_s1 = he believ$ ! div9e ,_s to be !  
be/ guide 9 und]/&+ ! works z well z !  
^w ( ,god4 ,he felt t 8 pray] _h be5    
he>d & answ]$4 ,he 0 prep>$1 !re=e1 to  
speak ) ! =ce ( cle> und]/&+ & positive 
convictions4 ,b ! precise l9e ( /udy he 
_h left to be det]m9$ by circum/ances1  
p]haps by ! previ\s /udies ( 8 class 9  
_! academic c\rse4 ,?is 0 to be decid$  
by fur!r consultation4  ,s9ce no lesson 
0 assign$ ^u :i* y c\ld prep>e          
y\rselves1 ,mr4 ,wilton said1 aft] !    
op5+ ex]cises ( ! s*ool 7 f9i%$1 ,i %all
 sp5d ! half h\r to-day 9 a k9d (       
conv]sational lecture4 ,y may call ?is !
 preface or introduction to ! lessons   
:i* w foll[4 ,i %all try to make pla9 "s
 g5]al pr9ciples :i* we mu/ keep 9 m9d1 
:atev] dep>tm5t ( ,god's works we %all  
attempt to exam9e4 ,i wi% y to feel     
entirely free to int]rupt me at any "t1 
& ask any "q or pres5t any objection :i*
 may /rike y\r m9ds4 ,we mu/1 if        

possible1 h no pr[l+ b&s ( enemies 9 !  
re>4 ,i wi% to make ev]y?+ z pla9 z !   
case w admit4  ,"o ?+ let me rem9d y ( 9
 ! beg9n+3 ,i %all n try to prove to y t
 !re is a ,god4 ,i %all n try to prove t
 ! _w _h a creator4 ,!re are "s ?+s :i* 
m5 d n believe m]ely on acc\nt ( good   
evid5ce1 nor disbelieve = want ( pro(4  
,m5 believe 9 _! own exi/5ce1 b n f a   
c\rse ( argum5t4 ,mo/ m5 believe 9 !    
real exi/5ce ( ! outw>d _w--! e>?1 !    
hills1 ! riv]s1 ! trees1 ev]y?+ :i* we  
see & he> & feel--b n on acc\nt ( pro(4 
,"h & !re a /range man is f\nd :o       
pr(esses to disbelieve ! real exi/5ce ( 
all mat]ial ?+s1 b he disbelieves n =   
want ( pro(4 ,m5 believe t _! sight &   
he>+ & t\* d n deceive !m1 b _!         
confid5ce 9 !m is n ! result ( a c\rse (
 reason+4 ,to believe 9 our own exi/5ce1
 & 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! _w outside ( u1 & 9 !
 tru?fulness ( our s5ses1 is natural2 to
 disbelieve ^! ?+s is unnatural3 x %[s a
 /ate ( disord]$ m5tal action4 ,:5 su*  
disbelief is n practically correct$ by a

 man's und]/&+ he is c\nt$ insane1 & is 
treat$ accord+ly4  ,belief 9 ! exi/5ce (
 ,god is also a natural belief4 ,a d5ial
 ( ,god's exi/5ce %[s1 n disord]$ m5tal 
action1 b a disord]$ moral & spiritual  
/ate4 ,x %[s ! abs5ce ( t spiritual     
faculty by :i* we receive spiritual     
impressions1 & are br\ght into contact )
 ! spiritual _w1 & hold int]c\rse ) ,god
 & ,*ri/ & ! ,holy ,_s4 ,m5 mu/ be      
conv9c$ ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god ?r\gh _!     
consci5ce1 _! moral & spiritual nature4 
,d n misund]/& me4 ,i d n say t good    
evid5ce _c be br\ght to prove to "o's   
reason ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 b ,god has n   
left 8 exi/5ce to be prov$3 he has      
reveal$ himself to m5's consci5ces & to 
_! fai?2 & ^? 9 :om consci5ce & fai? are
 well develop$1 s\nd1 & "r d n ne$ an   
elaborate argum5t to prove ! div9e      
exi/5ce4 ,i %all simply try to %[ t !   
works ( creation exhibit ! wisdom &     
goodness ( ,god4 ,if any man1 look+ at  
su* indications ( wisdom & k9dness1 c   
believe t x all comes by *ance or is !  

"w ( "s evil ag5cy1 & t no ,be+ (       
b\ndless intellig5ce1 wisdom1 p[]1 &    
goodness has any?+ to d ) ! mak+ &      
gov]n+ ! _w1 he c]ta9ly %[s great       
prejudice3 he does n want to recognize  
,god's exi/5ce4 ,he mu/ be "o ( ^? spok5
 ( by ! ,psalmi/ :o say1 'no ,god4'     
,dur+ my rec5t visit to ,gre5ville ,i   
visit$ a mill1 ! l>ge/ ( its k9d 9 !    
c\ntry4 ,9 "o room 0 a ma*9e1 some?+ l a
 huge /raw-cutt]1 work+ ) great p[]4 ,9 
ano!r room 0 a l>ge /eam boil] hung ^u a
 %aft & made sl[ly to revolve :ile fill$
 ) /eam4 ,9 a ?ird room 7 l>ge oval     
tanks1 or ci/]ns1 :i* might be fill$ )  
wat]4 ,across ea* tank 0 a heavy %aft   
c>ry+ a drum set ) /eel blades1 & z !   
drum revolv$ ^! blades pass$ o!r blades 
9 ! bottom ( ! tank1 cutt+ :atev] came  
betwe5 l scissors4 ,9 a f\r? room 7     
c]ta9 long & complicat$ ma*9es4 ,ea*    
ma*9e 0 compos$ mo/ly ( roll]s4 ,!re 7  
l>ge roll]s & small roll]s1 solid roll]s
 ( enorm\s weight1 & holl[ roll]s to be 
heat$ by /eam )94 ,ov] & ar\nd a portion

 ( ^! roll]s pass$ a broad wireclo?     
belt4 ,ov] o!rs pass$ a l belt ( felt$  
clo?4 ,) ^! ma*9es be=e y1 c\ld y tell  
me :e!r ! inv5tor 7 a wise & skillful   
ma*9i/8  ,h[ c\ld we tell1 ask$ ,pet]1  
)\t kn[+ :at k9d ( "w ! ma*9e 0 design$ 
to d8  ,y c\ld n tell1 answ]$ ,mr4      
,wilton2 y w\ld ne$ to "k bo? :at !     
ma*9e 0 design$ to d & all ! processes  
by :i* ! "w 0 to be c>ri$ on4 ,?is br+s 
out ! fir/ po9t :i* ,i wi% y to fix 9   
m9d4 ,x is ?is3 ,to judge ( ! wisdom (  
any contrivance1 we mu/ und]/& !        
purpose1 or object1 :i* ! inv5tor _h 9  
view2 we mu/ und]/& ! "w to be          
accompli%$1 & also ! difficulties to be 
ov]come4 ,an ord9>y locomotive          
/eam-eng9e is admirably fitt$ to run on 
iron rails1 b he w\ld be a fooli% man :o
 %\ld pur*ase su* an eng9e to draw a    
tra9 ( load$ wagons ov] a common road ( 
e>?4 ,on su* a road x c\ld n ev5 move   
itself4 ,x is good = t = :i* x 0 made1 &
 = no?+ else4 ,h[ w\ld y apply ?is      
pr9ciple to ! subject we are n[         

consid]+8 ,y may answ]1 ,samuel4  ,i ?9k
 y mean1 said ,samuel1 t1 9 ord] to     
judge ( ! wisdom & goodness ( ,god 9    
creat+ & gov]n+ ?is _w1 we mu/ "k !     
object he _h 9 view 9 mak+ su* a _w4  ,t
 is my mean+1 & ,i am glad t y und]/& me
 s p]fectly4 ,if ?is _w 7 creat$ ) no   
o!r object ?an to be ! graz+-field =    
h]ds ( cattle1 :i* see no diff]5ce      
betwe5 ! beauty ( ! violet & ! dull     
%apelessness ( ! cold e>? ^u :i* x gr[s1
 & nev] lift _! eyes above ! horizon1 !n
 all ! beauty ( e>? & sky w\ld be       
useless2 !re w\ld be no wisdom or       
goodness 9 ! creation ( ?is beauty4 ,!re
 w\ld be no wisdom or goodness 9 lay+ up
 9 /ore b$s ( coal1 buri$ deep b5ea? !  
surface ( ! e>?1 if ,god design$ ! _w to
 be inhabit$ only by savages too rude & 
ignorant ev] to m9e x1 & turn x to "s   
practical use4  ,b let me give y ano!r  
illu/ration1 :i* c bett] be appli$ to ! 
condition ( ?+s 9 ?is _w4 ,j 9 !        
outskirts ( "o ( our inl& cities ,i once
 saw a l>ge & elegant build+1 :e!r a    

private dwell+ or a public in/itution ,i
 c\ld n at fir/ tell4 ,x /ood high &    
airy1 comm&+ ! mo/ pleas+ prospect t all
 ! region pres5t$4 ,we w foll[ a visitor
 z he goes to exam9e t noble e/abli%m5t4
  ,z he comes ne>]1 he sees t ! edifice 
is simple & classic 9 its /yle & *a/e 9 
its ar*itectural adornm5t4 ,x is a      
pleasure = ! eye to re/ ^u its graceful 
symmetry4 ,b 9 place ( ! light &        
graceful f5ce :i* he expects to f9d     
enclos+ its gr\nds1 he sees a /ockade   
/rong & high4 ,! janitor turns ! heavy  
key1 ! ru/y bolt flies back1 & ! visitor
 ent]s ! enclosure4 ,)9 ! /ockade he    
f9ds a portion ( ! gr\nd laid out ) ta/e
 & cultivat$ ) *oice & beautiful fl[]s2 
ano!r "p is devot$ to ! culture ( g>d5  
vegetables4 ,he f9ds work%ops also = !  
manufacture ( pails & tubs1 brooms &    
mattresses4 ,! visitor is u%]$ into !   
mansion itself4 ,he f9ds ev]y?+ m ?an   
com=table2 ! rooms are heat$ f furnaces 
bel[2 e "p is p]fectly v5tilat$2 ! w9d[s
 comm& a view ( ! c\ntry ar\nd :i* mu/  

please ! mo/ cultivat$ eye2 a s*ool-room
 is provid$ ) all ne$$ app>atus = ! mo/ 
?or\gh in/ruction4 ',surely1' says !    
visitor1 '! f\nd] ( ?is in/itution mu/ h
 be5 bo? wise & good4 ,he mu/ h lov$ !  
"y 9 ord] to /udy & supply all _! ne$s s
 completely4' ,b "s ?+s /rike ! visitor 
pa9fully4 ,! w9d[s are grat$ ) iron1 &  
"s ( ! rooms are almo/ l prison cells4  
',c x be possible1' he ?9ks )9 himself1 
't ! "y ne$ to be conf9$ by a /ockade 9 
s pleasant a place & %ut 9 by grates (  
iron = ! enjoym5t ( su* advantages8' ,! 
ma/] z he tea*es 8 pupils seems z k9d & 
g5tle z a "m1 yet !re is a firmness &   
au?ority 9 8 tones & a rigidity 9 8     
tra9+1 z if 8 gov]nm5t 7 kept brac$     
aga9/ a mut9\s _s4 ,! means ( puni%m5t  
also are provid$1 &1 :5 occasion        
requires1 /]n *a/isem5t is employ$4 ,all
 ?is seems to ! visitor l an enigma4 ,! 
in/itution appe>s to him l a bundle (   
contradictions4 ,a fa!r c\ld n h provid$
 a pleasant] home or l>g] advantages = 8
 *ildr51 b fa!rs d n commonly surr\nd _!

 homes ) /ockades1 & cov] _! w9d[s ) b>s
 ( iron1 & tra9 _! ob$i5t *ildr5 ) a h& 
( su* firm1 unyield+ =ce4 ',pray1 sir1' 
he says to ! ma/]1 ':at is ?is /range   
contradictory in/itution8' ',x is !     
,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool1' ! ma/] answ]s4 ',& 
:o are ^! lads & "y m5 = :om all ?is "w 
& wisdom is exp5d$8' ',!y are ^? :o h   
tak5 ! fir/ /eps 9 crime1 b h n z yet   
become h>d5$ & fix$ 9 wick$ness1 & are  
s5t "h ) ! hope ( ov]com+ _! vici\s     
prop5sities & tra9+ !m to virtue & an   
honorable manhood4'  ,ev]y?+ is n[ made 
pla94 ,! ne$ ( ! /ockade1 & ! grat$     
w9d[s1 & ! rigid gov]nm5t1 z well z ( ! 
pure air1 ! g>niture ( beauty1 & ! k9d  
lov+ c>e1 is manife/4 ,x is a place     
unsuit$ to a family ( ob$i5t *ildr51 &  
equally unsuitable z a place ( conf9em5t
 = confirm$ crim9als1 %ut up1 n = re=m1 
b = puni%m5t4 ,x is wisely adapt$ to !  
"w design$ to be accompli%$1 & to no    
o!r4  ,9 l mann]1 if we w\ld judge ( !  
wisdom & goodness ( ,god 9 ! creation & 
gov]nm5t ( ?is _w1 we mu/ und]/& ! use =

 :i* ! _w 0 design$4 ,is ?is pla9 to y1 
,ansel1 & does x seem reasonable8  ,yes1
 sir2 ,i ?9k ,i und]/& x1 & ,i c see no 
objection to ! pr9ciple4 ,i ?9k ev5 ,mr4
 ,hume c\ld f9d no fault ) t4 ,b h[ %all
 we "k ! object = :i* ,god made & gov]ns
 ! _w8  ,t is ! next po9t to be         
consid]$4 ,p]haps y w tell u :at seems  
to y to be t object8 ,"y p sometimes h  
?\ghts & op9ions ^u ! greate/ que/ions4 
,i h nev] =m$ an op9ion ( my own1 ,ansel
 repli$1 b ,i h always he>d x said t    
,god design$ to %[ h[ p]fect & good &   
beautiful a _w he c\ld make4 ,b _m ?+s 9
 ! _w seem to me nei!r p]fect1 nor good1
 nor beautiful4  ,:y1 ,ansel6 exclaim$  
,samuel2 ! ,bible says t ',god saw      
ev]y?+ t he _h made1 & behold x 0 v     
good4'  ,&1 ,mr4 ,wilton1 ask$ ,pet]1   
does n ! ,bible say t ',god creat$ all  
?+s = 8 own glory'8  ,be=e answ]+ any ( 
^! que/ions1 let me ask ,samuel a "q4   
,:at d y und]/& to be ! mean+ ( ! words 
y quot$ f ! la/ v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] (   
,g5esis8--',god saw ev]y?+ t he _h made1

 & behold x 0 v good4'  ,i suppose x    
means1 answ]$ ,samuel1 t ,god made      
ev]y?+ j z good & beautiful z x c be1 s 
t any *ange mu/ be a *ange = ! worse4 ,!
 lectur] la/ w9t] said t if m5 c\ld     
entirely de/roy any "o ( ! mo/          
tr\blesome species ( insects1 _!        
de/ruction w\ld be a great loss to ! _w1
 & t if a s+le atom ( matt] belong+ to !
 e>? 7 annihilat$1 x might ?r[ ! sol>   
sy/em out ( balance1 s t x w\ld f9ally  
be de/roy$4  ,i rememb]1 said ,mr4      
,wilton1 t "s lectur] la/ w9t] made     
/atem5ts ( t k9d1 & ,i h he>d o!r p     
decl>e t ! lea/ possible *ange 9 ! _w   
w\ld be injuri\s1 if n de/ructive1 to ! 
int]e/s ( man1 & t ! mo/ tr\blesome     
bea/s & insects & ! mo/ loa?some        
reptiles are necess>y to human happ9ess4
 ,does t seem to y to be true1 ,samuel8 
,i h always tri$ to believe x1 because  
,i ?\ght ,i ought to believe x4 ,x has  
seem$ to me to be di%onor+ ,god to      
believe t he did n make ! be/ possible  
_w4  ,y are "r 9 try+ to believe :at    

seems to be "r & true1 ev5 ?\gh         
difficulties d lie 9 ! way4             
,difficulties d n by any means %[ t an  
op9ion is false4 ,we mu/ c]ta9ly believe
 t ,god made ?is _w p]fect = ! object   
:i* he _h 9 view 9 mak+ x4 ,b n a few   
skeptics d5y ! exi/5ce ( a good1 wise1  
righte\s ,creator & ,gov]nor1 because !y
 h a wrong idea ( ! end = :i* ! _w 0    
creat$1 &1 consequ5tly1 a wrong idea ( t
 9 :i* its p]fection mu/ consi/4 ,let me
 ask y a few que/ions :i* w lead y\r    
m9ds 9 ! "r direction4 ,d n m5 produce  
by cultivation bett] fruits & vegetables
 ?an ,nature ev] gr[s :5 left to h]self8
  ,yes1 sir1 said ,ansel2 ! pea* & apple
 & potato h be5 br\ght up to _! pres5t  
/ate ( excell5ce by great c>e & ex]tion4
 ,orig9ally1 !y 7 almo/ wor?less4  ,& n 
only t1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 b :5 once t  
c>eful culture is relax$ !y beg9 to     
return to _! =m] badness4 ,aga91 d we n 
improve ^u ,nature by dra9age & improve 
^u ! climate by irrigation8--9 fact1 d n
 m5 by dra9age & irrigation & all mann] 

( culture greatly improve ! natural     
climate ( a c\ntry8  ,i ?9k t is true1  
said ,ansel4  ,i nev] ?\ght ( t be=e1   
said ,pet]4  ,moreov]1 d y n suppose t  
heav5 w be m beautiful ?an ! e>?1 & t a 
?\s& tr\blesome ?+s besides s9--loa?some
 sights1 discordant & j>r+ noises1      
disgu/+ & nause\s odors--w be abs5t f t 
'bett] l&'8  ,& ,i nev] ?\ght ( t be=e1 
said ,samuel4 ,i am sure t _m unpleasant
 ?+s besides ^? :i* s9 has br\ght into !
 _w w n be f\nd 9 heav54 ,i see t ?is _w
 might be *ang$ & n be made worse = holy
 be+s to live 94  ,! _w is v good1 said 
,mr4 ,wilton1 = ! purpose = :i* x 0     
creat$1 b we ne$ n look ^u x z design$ =
 a specim5 ( ! mo/ beautiful1 pleasant1 
& desirable _w :i* ! ,creator c\ld      
produce4  ,b y h n told u1 said ,pet]1  
:at ! ,bible means :5 x says t ,god     
creat$ all ?+s = 8 own glory4 ,does x n 
mean t he made ! _w s good & p]fect t   
all creatures ought to praise him on    
acc\nt ( x8  ,we ought1 said ,mr4       
,wilton1 to praise ,god = ! wisdom &    

goodness display$ 9 ! works ( creation4 
,t is ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible 9 _m places2 x 
is also ! s5tim5t ( ! ,bible t ,god     
creat$ ! _w & c>ries on all ?+s = 8 own 
glory1 b x n[h]e uses ! exact language  
:i* y h employ$4 ,9 ,isa4 xliii4 #g1    
speak+ ( 'e "o t is call$ by my "n1' !  
,"l says1 ',i h creat$ him = my glory4' 
,9 ,prov4 xvi4 #d x is writt51 ',! ,"l  
ha? made all ?+s = himself2 yea1 ev5 !  
wick$ = ! day ( evil2' & ! f\r & tw5ty  
eld]s fell be=e ! ?rone ( ,god say+3    
',?\ art wor?y1 ,o ,"l1 to receive glory
 & honor & p[]2 = ?\ ha/ creat$ all ?+s1
 & = ?y pleasure !y are'--t is1 exi/--'&
 7 creat$4' ,i might quote o!r texts (  
simil> mean+4 ,we are taught also t our 
fir/ & supreme aim 9 all our conduct    
%\ld be ! glory ( ,god4 ',:atev] ye d1 d
 x all to ! glory ( ,god4' ,b "h two    
que/ions arise3 ,:at is ! glory ( ,god8 
&1 ,:at is x = ,god to glorify himself  
by 8 works ( creation & gov]nm5t8 ,:o w 
tell u8  ,all 7 sil5t1 & ,mr4 ,wilton   
w5t on speak+3 ,! ^w glory means1 fir/ &

 lit]ally1 a halo ( light4 ,! glory (   
,god is ! radiance1 or halo1 s to speak1
 ( 8 inf9ite attributes & holy "*4 ,god 
glorifies himself :5 he reveals himself1
 & makes kn[n 8 "*1 & causes ! uncreat$ 
spl5dor ( 8 attributes to break =?1 s t 
8 creatures recognize !m & adore him4   
,?is1 y see1 is v diff]5t f ! idea (    
glory among ambiti\s m54 ,god glorifi$  
himself 9 ! creation ( ! physical _w1   
because f t creation 8 wisdom1 p[]1 &   
goodness are manife/4 ,he glorifi$      
himself 9 ! creation ( angels & m51     
because !y 7 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god &  
are f9ite pictures1 s to speak1 ( !     
inf9ite ,creator--a revelation ( 8      
spiritual be+ & p]sonality4 ,he         
glorifies himself 9 8 gov]nm5t ( ! _w1  
because 8 adm9i/ration ( affairs        
exhibits 8 ju/ice1 m]cy1 & hol9ess4 ,?is
 is :at we mean by ! glory ( ,god & 8   
work+ all ?+s = 8 own glory4 ,?is is    
some:at difficult = p]sons ( y\r age1 s 
we w leave x & return to ! exact subject
 ( discussion4 ,admitt+ t ,god creat$ ! 

_w & gov]ns x = 8 own glory--t is1 to   
reveal himself--= :at specific purpose  
did he design ?is e>?8  ,i don't "k1    
said ,pet]1 t we und]/& :at y mean by   
'specific purpose4'  ,v well1 !n1 said  
,mr4 ,wilton2 ,i w sugge/ ! answ]4 ,does
 ! _w seem z if fitt$ up to be !        
dwell+-place ( holy be+s8  ,i h nev]    
?\ght ( ! "q be=e1 said ,ansel2 b x     
seems to me t _m ?+s 9 ?is _w w\ld give 
pa9 ev5 to angels if !y liv$ "h ) bodies
 l ours4  ,i agree ) y1 ,ansel4 ,if m5 7
 s9less & holy z ! angels ( heav51 _m   
?+s 9 ?is _w w\ld br+ !m di/ress4 ,b    
does x seem reasonable t ! _w 0 design$ 
m]ely z a place ( puni%m5t = m5 by      
reason ( _! wick$ness8  ,"s m5 are n    
wick$1 repli$ ,samuel4 ,!re h always be5
 m5 will+ to die r ?an disobey ,god4    
,surely1 ,god does n puni% su* m54 ,& _m
 beautiful & pleasant ?+s are f\nd 9 !  
_w--arrangem5ts pla9ly design$ = !      
welf>e & happ9ess ( m54  ,i ?9k y are   
"r1 ,samuel4 ,b1 )\t ask+ fur!r         
que/ions1 ,i w give y ! conclusions to  

:i* my /udy ^u ?is subject has br\ght   
me1 & "s ( ! reasons = ^? conclusions4  
,?is _w 0 made *iefly z ! dwell+-place (
 man4 ,! _w 0 n plann$ m]ely z ! abode (
 brute animals4 ,m5 are nobl] ?an !     
brutes4 ,m5 h p]man5t int]e/s &         
advantages4 ,aside f ! glory ( ,god1 m5 
are an end unto !mselves4 ,to become &  
be m5 is ! noble/ object ( human life1 b
 ! animal tribes exi/ = ! use & b5efit (
 o!rs4 ,to be an end to itself1 a       
creature mu/ be immortal2 b ! brutes    
exi/ = ! use & advantage ( man1 live out
 _! transi5t life1 & exi/ no m4 ,?is is 
! view pres5t$ 9 ! sacr$ ,scriptures4   
,god gave to man lord%ip ov] ! e>?--n   
only ov] ! soil to subdue x1 & ov] !    
great =ces ( ,nature to br+ !m into     
subjection = human advantage1 b also ov]
 ! brute creation1 'ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 !
 f[ls ( ! air1 & e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! 
e>?4' ,i conclude also t ,god did n     
prep>e ?is _w z a prison-h\se & place ( 
puni%m5t = rebels aga9/ 8 gov]nm5t4 ,too
 _m pleasant ?+s ab\nd = me to believe  

t4 ,! pleasant breezy air1 ! glori\s    
sunlight1 ! refre%+ %[]s1 ! treasures ( 
m9]al weal? /or$ up 9 ! e>?1 ! f]tile l&
 & gold5 :eat1 ! beauty spread ov] all  
nature1 ! sweet consci\sness ( exi/5ce1 
s t j to live & act is joy1 & ! com=t & 
hope ( immortal pleasure enjoy$ by truly
 ,*ri/ian m51--all ^! ?+s1 & _m m1      
assure me t n ! subtle %rewdness ( a    
torm5tor nor ! unm+l$ ju/ice ( an       
inexorable judge1 b ! he>t ( a k9d &    
lov+ ,fa!r1 plann$ our e>?ly            
dwell+-place4 ,y said1 ,samuel1 ) tru?1 
t !re are _m pi\s m5 9 ! _w :o are de>  
to ,god1 & ,paul says1 ',we "k t all ?+s
 "w toge!r = good to !m t love ,god4' ,=
 ^? de> ones ,*ri/ has su* love t he    
c\nts ev]y?+--:e!r good or bad--t is    
done to !m z if done to himself4        
',inasmu*1' he says1 'z ye h done x unto
 "o ( ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r51 ye h done x
 unto me4' ,moreov]1 ,jesus said3 ',=   
,god s lov$ ! _w1 t he s5t 8 only       
begott5 ,son1 t :osoev] believe? 9 him  
%\ld n p]i%1 b h ev]la/+ life4' ,f ^!   

words ( ,jesus we see t !re is love     
manife/$ 9 ! deal+s ( ,god ) !          
inhabitants ( our _w4 ,7 x n s1 !re w\ld
 no?+ rema9 b a 'fe>ful look+-= (       
judgm5t & fi]y indignation1 :i* %all    
dev\r ! adv]s>ies4'  ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i   
conclude t ,god made ! _w z !           
dwell+-place1 n ( ob$i5t1 holy *ildr51 b
 ( ^? :o are disob$i5t1 fall51 &        
ali5at$4 ,^! disob$i5t & ali5at$ ones he
 holds "u discipl9e & *a/isem5t1 9 ord] 
to keep _! wick$ness 9 *eck1 to recov]  
!m f _! s9s1 & tra9 !m up 9 virtue &    
hol9ess1 or to remove f ! ob/9ate &     
incorrigible all excuse = _! s9s & all  
plea aga9/ _! f9al condemnation4 ,9 do+ 
?is he glorifies himself by manife/+ 8  
wisdom1 goodness1 m]cy1 & hol9ess4  ,?is
 op9ion seems probable f ! fact t ?is is
 ! purpose = :i* ,god has actually us$ &
 is n[ us+ ! _w4 ,"h he keeps & gov]ns !
 human race4 ,?is race is made up nei!r 
( holy be+s nor ( hopeless reprobates4  
,!y are ! creatures ( ,god2 fall5 inde$1
 yet lov$2 s9ful1 b objects ( div9e     

compassion2 des]v+ ( righte\s wra?1 b ! 
recipi5ts ( ! (f]s ( salvation ?r\gh    
,*ri/4 ,ev5 p5it5t believ]s 9 ,*ri/ &   
devot$ s]vants ( ,god are n free f evil 
prop5sities1 b ne$ to be kept "u con/ant
 tra9+ & discipl9e4 ,?is is ! use to :i*
 ! ,creator has actually put ! _w4 ,is x
 n reasonable to believe t he design$ x 
= _! use8 ,ought we to believe t ,god   
plann$ ! _w = an object = :i* x nev] has
 be5 & nev] w be employ$8  ,if s9 7     
remov$ f ! _w1 ! *ief "p ( human suff]+ 
w\ld be remov$4 ,?is no man c d5y4 ,w>s 
w\ld cease2 ! want1 disease1 & woe      
result+ f selfi%ness1 idl5ess1 & vice   
w\ld disappe>1 & no?+ w\ld /& betwe5 man
 & 8 ,mak]4 ,:at new life & joy w\ld    
fill ! _w if free communication 7 re/or$
 betwe5 man & ,god1 & ! div9e smile 7   
aga9 to enlight5 ! _w6 ,x w\ld seem t   
heav5 _h enl>g$ h] bord]s to embrace ?is
 e>?ly ball4 ,b ! fact w\ld /ill rema9 t
 ?is physical _w is unfitt$ to be !     
dwell+-place ( s9less be+s4 ,!          
con/itution ( ! _w w\ld br+ ^u !m pa9s &

 evils :i* w\ld seem a mo/ unwor?y      
h]itage = lov+ & ob$i5t *ildr5 ( our    
heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,let s9 be tak5 away1 &  
we>isome toil 9 subdu+ ! e>? w\ld rema94
 ,! soil ( ! e>? is h>d & clogg$ )      
/ones1 & clammy ) /agnant wat]s1 & s[n  
well ) ! se$s ( noxi\s we$s1 & ov]gr[n )
 ?orns & ?i/les4 ,endless wat*fulness & 
toil is ! price ( a livelihood4 ,) !    
sweat ( 8 face man mu/ eat 8 bread4 ,an 
army ( enemies h pre-empt$ ! soil :i*   
man mu/ till4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s ! ^w (    
,god ref]s to s93 ',curs$ is ! gr\nd =  
?y sake2 9 sorr[ %alt ?\ eat ( x all !  
days ( ?y life4 ,?orns also & ?i/les    
%all x br+ =? to !e4' ,! necessity (    
toil+ z we d n[ = our daily bread1 ,god 
d5\nc$ ^u man z a curse on acc\nt ( s94 
,we _c1 !re=e1 reg>d ?is z a suitable   
condition = s9less be+s4  ,?is burd5 (  
toil is light5$ by ! progress ( mod]n   
sci5ces & inv5tions mu* less ?an "s m5  
?9k4 ,e /ep ( progress has be5 made by !
 sacrifice ( hecatombs ( human lives4 ,f
 our laboratories & work%ops products ( 

human skill1 ri* & r>e1 are s5t =?2 b   
:at are !y b smelt$ & hamm]$ & grav5 &  
wov5 human bones & s9ews1 ! heal? & life
 ( m58 ,no means h be5 discov]$ by :i* !
 mo/ necess>y processes ( ! arts c be   
made o!rwise ?an dang]\s to heal?4 ,only
 :5 ?\s&s ( mis]able workm5 _h p]i%$ 0  
,sir ,humphrey ,davy's safety-lamp      
inv5t$2 & n[ ! dang]1 to say no?+ ( !   
h>d toil1 ( ! colli]'s life is only     
less5$1 b n remov$4 ,/ill1 our furnaces 
ro> & ! :ole tide ( civilization goes on
 by ! heal?-de/roy+ s]vitude ( m51 buri$
 alive z x 7 9 ! d>k bosom ( ! e>?4     
,w\ld t seem to be a fitt+ employm5t = !
 s9less *ildr5 ( ! all-lov+ ,fa!r8      
,employes 9 _m k9ds ( manufacture sl[ly 
s9k "u ! accumulat$ evils ( daily toil1 
& no means ( mak+ _! employm5ts heal?ful
 h be5 discov]$4 ,! friction-mat*1 :i*  
has become s ne>ly a necessity1 is made 
by a process s de/ructive to heal? t    
only a c]ta9 class ( labor]s c be       
prevail$ ^u to d ! "w4 ,i might g on to 
speak ( o!r pa9ful circum/ances 9 :i* m5

 f9d !mselves by ! almo/ antagoni/ic    
attitude ( ,nature4 ,b if we reject ^!  
dang]\s processes ( manufacture & art1  
we g back at once to ! wood5 pl\gh1 !   
di/aff & t9d]-box ( primitive times1 &  
also to primitive pov]ty & primitive    
toil1 &1 ,i may also add1 to primitive  
exposure to ! ho/ile & pitiless =ces &  
inclem5cies ( ,nature4 ,purge ! e>? (   
s91 & we>isome toil w\ld /ill rema94    
,nature mu/ be nurs$ & cultivat$ or %e  
yields no bread4 ,h] ho/ile attitude mu/
 be ov]come2 ! ?orns & ?i/les mu/ be    
root$ out2 & e /ep ( progress1 won by   
suff]+1 mu/ be held by pa9ful "w &      
wat*fulness2 o!rwise ,nature returns to 
! wild & savage /ate4 ,relax ! culture (
 ! *oice/ fruit1 & x beg9s to           
det]iorate2 leave ! be/-blood$ bre$ (   
cattle to itself1 & x returns aga9 to ! 
level ( native1 uncultur$ /ock4  ,!     
inhabitants ( ?is _w are also liable at 
all times to diseases & de/ructive      
accid5ts4 ,?is condition ( ?+s c\ld n be
 *ang$ )\t *ang+ ! entire /ructure &    

plan ( ! _w4 ,is t a fit dwell+-place = 
a s9less be+ :]e *ill+ w9ds "o day      
%rivel 8 sk9 & fill 8 bones ) rheumatic 
pa9s1 & ! next1 swelt]+ heats p]vade all
 8 sy/em ) languid lassitude--:]e miasma
 lies 9 wait unse5 to poison 8 blood1   
k9dle ! malignant fev]1 & br+ him to !  
%ades ( dea?1 & e =m ( accid5t cr\*es 9 
ambu%1 ready to spr+ ^u 8 victim unaw>es
 & te> him limb f limb8 ,we _c see t !  
abs5ce ( s9 w\ld dissipate ?is liability
 to disease & ! dang] ( accid5ts4 ,nay1 
?is liability & dang] are writt5 ^u ! v 
con/itution ( ! human body4 ,! f+] (    
,god has engrav$ x ^u e muscle & bone & 
life-cell4 ,! ,creator gave ! body t    
wond]ful p[] call$ ! vis m$icatrix--!   
p[] ( recov]+ f injuries & repair+      
damage done to itself4 ,pull a leg f a  
gras%opp] & ano!r gr[s 9 its place4 ,by 
?is we "k t ! ,creator und]/ood !       
liability ( ?is little insect to lose a 
limb1 & prep>$ him = x4 ,9 l mann] ! p[]
 9 man's body to heal a w\nd or jo9 a   
brok5 bone gives u to und]/& t !        

,creator expect$ man to live 9 ! mid/ ( 
dang]4 ,! precaution proves ! risk4  ,^!
 accid5ts are su* z no possible         
c>efulness c\ld gu>d aga9/4 ,to say no?+
 ( ! fact t all our k ( ^! p]ils comes f
 a pa9ful exp]i5ce ( dang] & dea?1 :at  
c>e1 ev5 aft] ages ( sad exp]i5ce1 c\ld 
w>d (f ! ?und]bolt8 ,:at c>efulness c\ld
 gu>d aga9/ ! tornado on ! l&1 or !     
hurricane & ! cyclone ^u ! sea8 ,:o %\ld
 /& s5t9el aga9/ ! unse5 poison borne ^u
 ! w+s ( ! w9d8 ,:at p[] %\ld save him f
 ! bur/+ ( ! volcano & ! jaws ( !       
e>?quake8 ,:at c>e c\ld give him k ( !  
qualities ( all natural sub/ances1 t he 
might avoid _! dang]\s prop]ties8 ,we c 
suppose a div9e c>e ov] man t %\ld d all
 ?is & save m5 f h>m1 b x w\ld be a     
provid5ce sup]s$+ all human k &         
ex]tion--x mu/ be a provid5ce to :i* !  
human race is n[ a /rang]2 miracles w\ld
 !n be ! rule1 & ! undi/urb$ c\rse (    
,nature ! exception4  ,if1 h[ev]1 we    
suppose t ,god design$ ! _w z a         
tra9+-s*ool1 s to speak1 ( fall5 be+s1  

su* z ! ^w ( ,god decl>es ! human race  
to be1 all is pla91 ev]y?+ is suitable &
 h>moni\s4 ,we c see ! fitness ( at lea/
 ! *ief outl9es ( man's e>?ly condition1
 & c p]ceive ,god's wisdom & goodness 9 
! con/itution ( ! _w4  ,! pa9 &         
woe-produc+ ag5cies ( ,nature are se5 to
 be n at all contradictory to goodness1 
b on ! o!r h& em95tly wise & righte\s4  
,! :ole sum ( human mis]y expresses     
,god's displeasure at s94 ,by _! suff]+s
 m5 le>n h[ abhorr5t is s9 9 ,god's     
sight4 ,by ! consequ5ces ( evil-do+ !y  
le>n n to transgress4 ,z none are free f
 ! ta9t ( depravity1 none are free f    
pa9s4 ,! necessity ( labor--"o ( !      
elem5ts ( ! primal curse--is a *eck to  
s9 on ! "p ( ! vici\s1 & a discipl9e &  
trial to virtue on ! "p ( ! p5it5t4 ,!  
multi=m trials ( life--:i* c inde$ be   
borne well only by ! grace ( ,god--:ile 
!y tea* ! evil ( s9 & keep ! he>t *a/5$ 
& subdu$1 n\ri% h]oic & dauntless virtue
 9 ! fai?ful4 ',daily c>es' become 'a   
heav5ly discipl9e4' ,dang]s & calamities

 />tle ! /upid consci5ce1 & keep alive !
 s5se ( responsibility to ,god on ! "p (
 ! wick$2 !y quick5 ! s5se ( weakness & 
dep5d5ce 9 ! believ+ & educate _! fai? 9
 ,god4 ,! m sudd5 & ov]:elm+ ^! evils1 &
 ! m ^! dang]s are plac$ beyond !       
possibility ( be+ w>d$ (f by human c>e1 
! m d !y awak5 9 m5 a s5se ( ! div9e    
pres5ce & ( responsibility to ,god4  ,b 
w\ld n all ^! natural ag5cies subs]ve   
ess5tially ! same ends 9 ! discipl9e (  
unfall5 & s9less be+s8 ,by no means4 ,if
 suff]+s came ^u a s9less be+1 he c\ld n
 feel t !y came z *a/isem5ts2 he c\ld n 
feel !m to be des]v$4 ,!y w\ld be to him
 a 'curse causeless1' & h5ce w\ld br+ no
 advantage4 ,he c\ld only cry out 9     
a/oni%m5t1 ',fa!r1 :y am ,i1 ?9e ob$i5t 
son1 ?us smitt58' ,calamity fall+ ^u !  
innoc5t w\ld be an anomaly 9 ! univ]se4 
,b n[ ! suff]]1 pi]c$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) a 
s5se ( ill des]t1 meekly b[s 8 head1    
murmur+1 ',fa!r1 all ?y judgm5ts are j &
 "r4'  ,"o v important feature ( ! _w we
 live 9 is its moral symbolism4 ,! _w is

 full ( mo/ sugge/ive symbols & emblems 
( moral good & evil4 ,!re are all       
beautiful & glori\s ?+s1 to /& z types (
 goodness1 tru?1 & righte\sness2 !re are
 all loa?some1 malignant1 & hide\s ?+s1 
to s]ve z ! types ( folly & wick$ness4  
,0 x m]ely an accid5t t ! dove 0 fitt$  
to become ! emblem ( purity & ( ! ,holy 
,_s8 ! lamb1 to be ! emblem ( g5tl5ess1 
( ,*ri/ ! g5tle ,suff]]1 & ( 8 suff]+ p8
 ! ant1 to be ! type ( prud5t indu/ry8 !
 horse1 ( _s & d>+8 & ! lion1 ( /r5g? & 
regal /ate8 ,0 x only an accid5t t      
prep>$ cruel bea/s & disgu/+1 poison\s  
reptiles z ! types ( evil passions &    
s9s--t made ! v5om ( ! vip]1 ! cunn+ ( !
 fox1 ! blood-?ir/9ess ( ! wolf1 ! folly
 ( ! ape1 & ! fil? ( ! sw9e1 symbols (  
f\l1 subtle1 malignant s9 & folly8      
,nature is full ( ^! emblems4 ,! palm   
tree ) its cr[n ( glory1 ! c$> (        
,lebanon1 ! fad+ fl[] & )]+ grass1 !    
e>ly dew & ! morn+ mi/1 ! ?orn hidd5    
among ! leaves ( ! fragrant rose1       
poisons sweet to ! ta/e1 & m$ic9es bitt]

 z gall1--h[ all ^! natural ?+s prea* to
 m5 s]mons conc]n+ spiritual v]ities6   
,!re is no virtue or grace :i* is n     
comm5d$ to man by its image ( beauty 9 !
 animal tribes2 !re is no vice aga9/ :i*
 m5 are n w>n$ by its loa?some1 disgu/+ 
=m %ad[$ out 9 ! in/9ctive bas5ess (    
irresponsible brutes4  ,?us we f9d e>?1 
air1 & sky to be full ( sil5t voices    
proclaim+ 9 ! e>s ( man t :i* he mo/ (  
all ne$s to rememb]4 ,^! types & symbols
 ( virtue & vice are specially ne$$ by  
fall5 be+s4 ,!y seem fitt$ = be+s ^:    
spiritual eyes are bl9d$ & all _!       
spiritual s5ses blunt$--be+s ) :om !re  
is no long] 'op5 vision' ( spiritual    
realities4 ,^! pictures ( evil are mo/  
impressive to m5 :o see 9 !m !          
reflection ( _! own base passions4 ,h[ !
 fetid goat & ! sw9e wall[+ 9 ! mire    
speak to ! le*]\s man & ! drunk>d6 ,9 a 
_w ( s9less be+s ^! mimic vices w\ld    
seem r to m> ,god's h&iwork4  ,set !    
human race1 fall5 z x is1 9 a _w :]e !  
pati5ce ( daily indu/ri\s toil w\ld n be

 ne$$1 & ! race w\ld rot ) putrid1 fe/]+
 vice4 ,remove all dang]1 & m5 w\ld =get
 & d5y t ! ,creator holds !m            
responsible4 ,let no evil consequ5ces   
foll[ evil-do+1 & m5 w\ld cease to make 
a di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,take    
away dea?1 & !y w\ld d5y ! exi/5ce ( a  
spiritual _w4 ,b 9 ?is _w ,god has h$g$ 
m5 ar\nd ) *ecks & p5alties & pa9ful    
discipl9e1 su* z are ( use only 9 deal+ 
) s9n]s4  ,i conclude1 !re=e1 t ,god    
prep>$ ?is _w z x n[ is z a place (     
discipl9e = a fall5 race4 ,?is is ! use 
to :i* he has devot$ x 9 ! pa/2 & :5 !re
 is no long] ne$ ( su* a _w = !         
discipl9e ( m51 we le>n f ! ^w ( ,god t 
a 'new heav5 & a new e>?' %all be       
provid$4 ,?is _w is ?us decl>$ to be an 
unfit abode = ! glorifi$ sa9ts4 ,to     
judge1 !n1 ( ! wisdom & goodness ( ,god 
9 ! works ( nature1 we mu/ keep 9 m9d ! 
object = :i* ! ,creator prep>$ ! _w4    
,ansel1 tell u h[ ?is /rikes y4  ,i nev]
 ?\ght ( x 9 ?is way be=e1 he answ]$2   
inde$ ,i h ?\ght v little ( ?is subject1

 b-- ,t9kle1 t9kle w5t ! bell ^u !      
sup]9t5d5t's desk4 ,?is 0 ! second "t ! 
sup]9t5d5t _h /ruck 8 bell1 b ,mr4      
,wilton _h be5 s int5t ^u 8 subject t he
 did n he> ! fir/ r++4  ,! s*ool 0      
dismiss$1 b ,mr4 ,wilton rema9$ ) 8     
class to fix ^u ! p>ticul> dep>tm5t (   
nature :i* !y w\ld /udy4 ,he f\nd t all 
7 /udy+ natural philosophy1 & _h rec5tly
 gone ov] ! subject ( heat4 ,at 8       
recomm5dation1 !re=e1 !y agre$ to       
exam9e1 z a specim5 ( ,god's works1 8   
managem5t ( heat 9 ! _w4 ,mr4 ,wilton   
reque/$ !m to review ! subject dur+ !   
week1 & be prep>$ to /ate & apply !     
g5]al pr9ciples t\*+ ! nature1 ph5om5a1 
& laws ( heat :i* !y _h already le>n$4  
,?is "w !y w ent] ^u next ,"l's ,day4   
,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,a ,,difficult ,,"q4    
,dur+ ! week1 ,ansel1 ,pet]1 & ,samuel 7
 busy review+ & fix+ 9 memory :at !y _h 
already le>n$ ( ! nature & laws ( heat4 
,!y 7 n only int]e/$ 9 ! new l9e ( /udy1
 & desir\s ( pleas+ ,mr4 ,wilton1 b !y  
also felt t _! s*ol>%ip 0 to be te/$1 & 

ea* "o 0 ambiti\s ( /&+ equal to ! be/4 
,ansel1 ( c\rse1 0 busy & ambiti\s4 ,!  
lesson 0 com+ some:at ^u 8 own gr\nd1 & 
he felt 9 no wise unwill+ to %[ h[ well 
he _h ma/]$ ! subject4 ,he ent]$ ^u x ) 
feel+s a little diff]5t1 h[ev]1 f 8     
anticipations4 ,! explanation :i* ,mr4  
,wilton _h giv5 ( ! purpose ( ! ,creator
 9 mak+ su* a _w seem$ to him v         
reasonable4 ,he c\ld make no objection  
to x4 ,b t explanation _h tak5 away at  
"o sweep a :ole /ore ( objections to    
,god's goodness :i* he 0 wait+ to br+   
out z soon z a good opportunity 0       
pres5t$4 ,a _w design$ = ! dwell+-place 
( s9n]s--s9n]s n already giv5 ov] &     
doom$ to f9al wra?1 b to be recov]$ f s9
 & tra9$ 9 virtue & hol9ess1 or1 if     
incorrigible1 to be held 9 *eck & us$ z 
helps 9 ! discipl9e ( ! righte\s--he    
pla9ly saw mu/ be z unlike a _w fitt$ up
 = holy be+s z a re=m s*ool is diff]5t f
 a home = k9d & ob$i5t *ildr54 ,^?      
arrangem5ts :i* he _h ?\ght ! mo/ pa9ful
 & objectionable might1 aft] all1 be !  

wise/ & be/4 ,he did n see :]e to put 9 
a reasonable objection to ,mr4 ,wilton's
 unexpect$ argum5t1 yet he did n feel q 
satisfi$ to confess to himself t he 0 s 
soon & s easily defeat$4  ,9 ?is /ate ( 
m9d1 on ,saturday morn+ he met ,mr4     
,hume ^u ! /reet4  ,good-morn+1 ,ansel1 
said ,mr4 ,hume4  ,good-morn+1 return$  
,ansel4  ,i he>1 said ,mr4 ,hume1 t y h 
giv5 up /udy+ ! ,bible 9 y\r ,bible     
class1 & h begun ! /udy ( natural       
philosophy4 ,is t s8  ,n q true1 ,mr4   
,hume4 ,we are to exam9e "s dep>tm5t ( !
 works ( ,nature1 & see :at indications 
appe> ( ! ,creator's wisdom & goodness4 
,t is a little diff]5t f ! report :i*   
came to me4 ,b :at did y le>n la/       
,sunday8  ,mr4 ,wilton told u t 9 ord]  
to judge ( ! wisdom & goodness ( ,god 9 
any ( ! affairs ( ?is _w we mu/ consid] 
! object = :i* t arrangem5t 0 design$4  
,he said t if a man exam9e a cotton-g91 
suppos+ x to be a ?re%+-ma*9e1 he w\ld  
be likely to pron\nce x a fooli% &      
wor?less contrivance2 & t ! f9e edge ( a

 razor w\ld be worse ?an useless ^u !   
cutt] ( a break+-up pl\gh4 ,he told u t 
! e>? 0 n prep>$ z ! dwell+-place (     
s9less be+s1 b z a place ( discipl9e = !
 fall5 human race1 & t we ought n to    
look ^u x z ! *oice/ specim5 (          
workman%ip :i* ! ,creator c\ld con/ruct4
  ,i h he>d t ,mr4 ,wilton believes     
some?+ ( t k9d4 ,ansel1 h y /udi$       
geology8  ,i h read a little ^u t       
subject & h he>d "s lectures4  ,c y tell
 me1 !n1 :e!r or n ! natural laws :i*   
prevail$ on ! e>? ages & ages ago1 be=e 
! e>? 0 fit = m5 to live ^u x1 are !    
same z ^? :i* h be5 9 op]ation 9 ^! lat]
 ages1 s9ce m5 h inhabit$ x8  ,i suppose
 t ! same laws h prevail$ f ! beg9n+ ( !
 geologic p]iods4 ,i ?9k t geology makes
 t v evid5t4  ,if t 7 n s1 said ,mr4    
,hume1 ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! globe w\ld be a 
riddle to u2 x w\ld be confusion worse  
conf\nd$4 ,9 reg>d to ^? e>ly ages we   
c\ld n reason f cause to effect1 = we   
%\ld "k no?+ ( ! =ces & pr9ciples !n 9  
exi/5ce4 ,9 geologic /udies we judge !  

pa/ f ! pres5t1 & if t be n a tru/wor?y 
me?od ( reason+1 all ! conclusions (    
geologi/s are z wor?less z dreams4 ,h y 
any reason to suppose1 f :at y h read on
 ?is subject1 t a curse *ang$ ! "* ( !  
e>? z a dwell+-place = man "s six ?\s&  
ye>s ago8 ,is x true1 z ,milton says1 t 
!n                                      
',! sun     ,_h fir/ 8 precept s to     
move1 s %9e1     ,z might affect ! e>? )
 cold & heat     ,sc>ce tol]able1 & f ! 
nor? call     ,decrepit w9t]--f ! s\? to
 br+     ,sol/itial summ]'s heat'8  ,did
 ! ,creator !n                          
',bid 8 angels turn askance     ,! poles
 ( e>? twice t5 degrees & m     ,f !    
sun's axle'8  ,or 0 dea? !n fir/        
introduc$ among ! brute creation1 z     
,milton fancies8--                      
',b ,discord fir/1     ,daught] ( s91   
among ! irrational     ,dea? introduc$  
?r\gh fi]ce antipa?y2     ,bea/ n[ )    
bea/ 'gan w>1 & f[l ) f[l1     ,& fi% ) 
fi%2 to graze ! h]b all leav+1          
,dev\r$ ea* o!r4'  ,animals mu/ h di$1  

said ,ansel1 = _! rema9s lie imb$d$ 9   
rock :i* c]ta9ly exi/$ be=e man liv$ on 
! e>?4  ,i wi% y w\ld ask ,mr4 ,wilton  
"o "q = me4  ,i am will+ to ask him any 
prop] "q1 & ,i suppose y w\ld n wi% me  
to ask any o!r4  ,i c]ta9ly w\ld n4 ,w y
 ask him h[ x 0 possible = man n to s9 &
 fall if ,god creat$ ! _w = a s9ful race
 myriads ( ages be=e man 0 br\ght into  
exi/5ce8 ,x w\ld seem t if man _h rema9$
 ob$i5t he c\ld n h liv$ pleasantly 9 a 
_w prep>$ = s9n]s1 & at ! same "t1 by   
man's ob$i5ce1 all ! ,creator's plans   
t\*+ ?is _w w\ld h be5 dislocat$ &      
disappo9t$4  ,i w ask him1 sir1 said    
,ansel1 at ! fir/ good opportunity4     
,?is good opportunity occurr$ soon] ?an 
,ansel expect$1 =1 be=e ent]+ ^u !      
propos$ lesson ! next ,"l's ,day1 ,mr4  
,wilton said to ! class3  ,i wi% 9 ^!   
lessons to advance c>efully & safely1 &1
 z f> z possible1 h ev]y?+ well         
und]/ood4 ,= t reason ,i invite y to    
speak freely ( any difficulties or      
objections :i* may sugge/ !mselves to   

y\r own m9ds or :i* y may he> pres5t$ by
 o!rs4 ,at ! close ( ! la/ lesson !     
views :i* ,i _h pres5t$ to y seem$ v    
reasonable1 b x is possible t1 z y h    
?\ght ^u ! subject dur+ ! week1         
objections may h aris5 9 y\r m9ds4 ,if  
s1 ,i %\ld be glad to he> !m n[4  ,!re  
are _m ?+s1 said ,pet]1 ( :i* ,i _c see 
! use1 ev5 if we suppose t ! e>? 0      
design$ z ! dwell+-place ( s9n]s4  ,x   
w\ld be v surpris+ inde$ if y c\ld      
unravel all ! my/]ies ( creation 9 a    
week's "t4 ,wis] m5 ?an any ( u h sp5t a
 lifetime 9 se>*+ out ! mean+ ( ,god's  
works1 & di$ /ill 9 ! d>k ^u _m po9ts4  
,we ne$ n expect to unravel & und]/& all
 ! deep1 complex1 & delicately-int]wov5 
contrivances 9 a _w s va/ & curi\s z    
?is4 ,! _w is a great my/]y--my/]i\s z a
 :ole1 & my/]i\s 9 all its p>ts--^u any 
supposition4 ,b ! explanation :i* ,i    
gave ( its design furni%es a suffici5t  
reason = ! great outl9e ( creation4 ,?is
 gives a reason = ! pa9s & mis]ies :i*  
dog man at e /ep4 ,?is gives a reason = 

! e>?'s be+ left rugg$ & sluggi%1 br++  
=? ?orns & ?i/les1 & requir+ to be      
subdu$ by pati5t indu/ry4 ,x %[s a gr\nd
 = ! necessity ( exhau/+ toil "u a fr[n+
 sky & mid miasmatic airs--= ! liability
 to diseases & accid5ts1 & ! h>d        
necessity ( dea?4 ,^! great elem5ts (   
div9e provid5ce are n /ripp$ ( _! halo (
 my/]y1 b ) ?is explanation !y are se5  
to =m a h>moni\s :ole = ! accompli%m5t (
 a great & glori\s purpose4  ,mr4       
,wilton paus$4 ,!n ,ansel said1 ,mr4    
,hume wi%$ me to ask y a "q4  ,v well1  
,i %\ld be glad to he> x4 ,i hope1      
inde$1 t he s5ds 8 "q f int]e/ 9 !      
subject1 & n ) ! design ( p]plex+ u4 ,i 
wi% also t he 7 "h to ask ! "q & he> !  
answ] = himself4 ,b :at is ! "q8  ,he   
wi%$ me to ask h[ x 0 possible = man n  
to s9 & fall if ,god plac$ him 9 a _w   
prep>$ = a race ( s9n]s & unfitt$ = a   
s9less race4 ,he said t 9 su* a case1 if
 man _h rema9$ ob$i5t1 ! plans ( ,god   
w\ld h be5 dis>rang$4  ,:at answ] did y 
try to give him1 ,ansel8  ,i did n try  

to make any explanation4 ,x seem$ to me 
a v great objection4 ,i did n see h[ su*
 a c\rse 0 consi/5t ) ,god's            
righte\sness4  ,& y are n ! fir/ p]son  
:o has object$ to ?is z a great         
inconsi/5cy4 ,i am afraid ! discussion w
 take m "t ?an we ought to sp>e1 b n[ t 
! "q has be5 ask$ & ! objection pres5t$1
 ,i mu/ take "t to answ] x1 ev5 if x    
consume ! :ole half h\r4  ,9 consid]+   
?is subject1 z well z _m o!rs1 we ne$ to
 rememb] t ! exi/5ce ( difficulties is  
no objection to a pr9ciple or a fact4   
,difficulties :olly inexplicable by man 
att5d facts & pr9ciples :i* mu/ be true4
 ,a fact may be incompreh5sible1 ?\gh   
und5iable4 ,! great ,doctor ,johnson    
said1 ',!re are insup]able objections   
aga9/ a pl5um1 & insup]able objections  
aga9/ a vacuum1 yet "o ( ^! mu/ be      
true4' ,:at did he mean by t1 ,samuel8  
,he meant1 ,i suppose1 t we c\ld n      
expla9 ! possibility t any space %\ld be
 :olly empty ( matt]1 & c\ld no m expla9
 ! possibility t any space %\ld be fill$

 ) matt]1 b t all space mu/ be fill$1 or
 else !re mu/ be empty space4 ,:e!r we c
 expla9 ! possibility or n1 "o ( !m mu/ 
be true4  ,t is "r4 ,! same is true ( _m
 o!r facts besides a pl5um & a vacuum4  
,we _c conceive ( inf9ite space2 we _c  
conceive t space %\ld n be inf9ite1 b   
b\nd$4 ,we _c conceive ( ! creation ( ! 
_w f no?+1 & no m c we conceive ( its   
et]nal exi/5ce4 ,! tru? is t ! m9d ( man
 _c grasp su* subjects s z to reason ^u 
!m correctly4 ,no soon] d we attempt to 
reason ab\t ! inf9ite ?+s ( ,god ?an we 
run into absurdities & rea* ! mo/       
contradictory conclusions4 ,& 9 ?is     
respect x makes no diff]5ce ) :at       
pr9ciple or proposition we />t if x only
 conta9 "s inf9ite elem5t4 ,let me give 
y a simple illu/ration f geometry--an   
illu/ration :i*1 v likely1 is famili> to
 y3 ! l>g] a circle1 ! less is !        
curvature ( ! l9e :i* b\nds x2 t is1 ! m
 ne>ly does t l9e approa* a /raight l9e4
 ,an inf9ite circle mu/ be b\nd$ by a   
/raight l9e1 because ) any degree (     

curvature ! circle w\ld be less ?an     
inf9ite4 ,b a /raight l9e _c b\nd a     
circle4 ,! attempt to reason ab\t an    
inf9ite circle br+s u at once to ! mo/  
palpable absurdities & contradictions4  
,or take ?is illu/ration3 ! :ole ( a ?+ 
is great] ?an any ( its p>ts4 ,b divide 
a l9e ( inf9ite l5g? 9 ! middle1 & ea*  
"p is inf9ite4 ,we rea* ! conclusion    
ei!r t ! half is equal to ! :ole or t   
o!r :olly incompreh5sible proposition1 t
 "o inf9ity is twice z great z ano!r    
inf9ity4 ,i h made ^! /atem5ts to %[ y t
 ! exi/5ce ( difficulties does n        
indicate1 mu* less prove1 t a fact is n 
real & true4  ,mr4 ,hume ?9ks ! fact t !
 e>? exi/$ 9 its pres5t condition be=e  
m5 s9n$ an insup]able objection to !    
view t ?is _w 0 prep>$ z a place = !    
discipl9e ( a fall5 race4 ,b let u look 
at ! o!r side1 & see if equal objections
 d n exi/4 ,! ,creator =esaw ! fall (   
man2 is !re no objection to !           
supposition t1 kn[+ t man w\ld s91 ,god 
made no provision = x8 ,on ! "o         

supposition he =esees ! evil & makes no 
provision2 on ! o!r1 he =esees x &      
provides = ! cata/rophe4 ,! =m]         
supposition c]ta9ly involves ! great]   
difficulties4  ,! objector may reply t !
 plan ( ,god1 by embrac+ ! fall ( man & 
includ+ x z "o ( its ess5tial elem5ts1  
made t fall necess>y4 ,b :y %\ld n ,god 
embrace 9 8 plan t great ev5t1 ! fall ( 
man1 :i* he =esaw 9 ! future8 ,w\ld x h 
be5 wis] & bett] to leave out ( acc\nt t
 mo/ /up5d\s fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human  
race8 ,?is same objection1 :i* ,mr4     
,hume & _m o!rs h br\ght =w>d1 lies )   
equal =ce aga9/ ! great c5tral fact ( ! 
gospel1 ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,god's plan t\*+
 ?is _w includ$ ! inc>nation & dea? ( 8 
,son4 ,jesus1 ! ',lamb ( ,god1' is spok5
 ( z 'sla9 f ! f\ndation ( ! _w4' ,rev4 
xiii4 #h4 ,b ! inc>nation & dea? ( ,*ri/
 presuppose ! apo/asy ( ! human race4   
,did ?is plan t\*+ ,*ri/ make ! apo/asy 
( man a necessity8 ,if prep>+ a         
_w--fall51 s to speak1 be=eh&--= a race 
:i* ,god =esaw w\ld fall1 be inconsi/5t 

) 8 righte\sness1 x mu/ be equally      
inconsi/5t to prep>e a ,savi\r be=eh& = 
t same race4  ,aga91 ! div9e plan t\*+ !
 dea? ( 8 ,son includ$ 8 betrayal by    
,judas & 8 crucifixion by ! ,jews4 ,if  
,judas _h kn[n t ,god _h pois$ !        
salvation ( man ^u ! pivot ( 8 trea*]y1 
he w\ld d\btless h argu$ z ,mr4 ,hume & 
o!rs are accu/om$ to d4 ,b did ,god's   
plan excuse 8 treason aga9/ 8 ,"l8 ,8   
own consci5ce1 pi]c+ & r5d+ 8 s\l )     
remorse1 drove him to self-de/ruction1 &
 ,*ri/ confirm$ ! s5t5ce ( 8 consci5ce &
 call$ him ! 'son ( p]dition4' ,! fact t
 ,god weaves ! =ese5 crimes ( m5 into 8 
plans is no palliation ( _! guilt4      
,w\ld x be wise & well to take no acc\nt
 ( =ese5 ev5ts8 ,jesus has gone to      
prep>e mansions = ^? :o w1 z he =esees1 
believe 9 him3 :y n make provision =    
=ese5 evils also8 ,our civil gov]nm5t1  
kn[+ ! liability to crime among m5--a   
liability :i* ! exp]i5ce ( man has %[n  
to be a practical c]ta9ty--makes        
provision = ^? crimes by ma9ta9+ a      

police1 re=m s*ools1 prisons1 & armies4 
,! ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1 kn[+ !         
liability ( man to s9 & fall--a         
liability :i* by 8 =ekn[l$ge 0 to him a 
c]ta9ty--made provision = t =ese5       
apo/asy4 ,he made provision1 bo? by !   
creation ( a _w suit$ to a s9ful race   
kept "u a probation ( m]cy1 & by appo9t+
 a ,r$eem]1 ! ',lamb ( ,god1' sla91 9 ! 
et]nal purpose1 be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w4
 ,if ,mr4 ,hume's objection has =ce at  
all1 x has =ce aga9/ e wise provision ( 
,god to meet ! consequ5ces ( man's =ese5
 wick$ness4 ,x is wise1 =soo?1 on man's 
"p1 to =esee com+ evil & prep>e = x2 b  
if ,god d ?is1 m5 c\nt x worse ?an      
folly3 !y decl>e x to be an endorsem5t (
 ! evil6 ,s fooli%ly d m5 reason ab\t ! 
high ?+s ( ,god6 ,my answ] to ,mr4      
,hume1 !n1 has f\r p>ts3  #a4 ,! exi/5ce
 ( unexpla9able difficulties does n     
disprove ! tru? & reality ( any fact or 
pr9ciple4  #b4 ,! supposition t ,god    
made provision = ! pres5t apo/asy ( !   
human race is burd5$ ) few] & small]    

difficulties ?an its d5ial4  #c4 ,! ^w (
 ,god decl>es t he did make provision = 
! fall ( man by ! pre-appo9tm5t ( a     
,r$eem]4  #d4 ,t /yle ( reason+ :i*     
seeks to ju/ify or palliate man's fir/  
s9 because ,god prep>$ ?is _w = a fall5 
race w\ld palliate & ju/ify all         
wick$ness1 because ! s9s ( m5 are wov5  
into e figure ( ! web ( div9e provid5ce4
 ,n ! treason ( ,judas alone1 b ! :ole  
sum ( man's evil-do+1 is embrac$ 9 !    
f>-rea*+ plan ( ,god4 ,h[ ?is magnifies 
! wisdom ( ,god6 ,he b9ds toge!r 9 "o   
bundle 8 own righte\sness & ! s9s ( m51 
9 a mo/ intricate int]lac+1 yet )\t     
bl5d+ ! two & )\t /a9+ ! glory ( 8      
hol9ess4  ,i hope ,i h made ?is pla94 ,d
 y ?9k1 ,ansel1 t y c repeat ! sub/ance 
( ?is answ] to ,mr4 ,hume8  ,i w try1   
sir1 if he asks4  ,y w all notice1 add$ 
,mr4 ,wilton1 t ,i h n d5i$ t !re is a  
deep my/]y 9 ?is prep>ation = ! s9s ( m5
 n yet creat$1 & t ,i h n attempt$ to   
expla9 ?is my/]y4 ,i h only tri$ to %[ t
 ! admission ( ! view ,i h giv5 y is m  

satisfactory to reason ?an its d5ial1 & 
t ! my/]ies ( ?is view are n            
unreasonable & self-contradictory1 = !  
greate/ my/]ies are (t5 ! mo/ reasonable
 ?+s 9 ! _w4  ,my introduction has      
become mu* long] ?an ,i design$1 b n[   
let u turn our att5tion to ! subject ( !
 lesson4  ,to aid u 9 und]/&+ ,god's    
wise arrangem5ts 9 ! managem5t ( heat1  
we ne$1 fir/1 to consid] :at heat is &  
to review ! laws ( its action4 ,)\t ?is1
 we c\ld look on & wond] at ,god's work+
 9 nature1 b c\ld n expla9 t :i* we saw4
  ,ansel1 w y /ate ! !ories :i* h be5   
held t\*+ ! nature ( heat8  ,i w d x z  
well z ,i c4 ,! anci5t philosoph]s      
suppos$ fire to be "o ( ! f\r elem5ts ( 
:i* all bodies 7 compos$4 ,! ?ree o!r   
elem5ts 7 e>?1 air1 & wat]4 ,^! f\r     
elem5ts 7 m+l$ 9 v>i\s proportions4 ,(  
^!1 fire 0 e/eem$ ! pure/ & mo/ e!real2 
?is con/antly t5d$ upw>d to ! empyrean1 
! highe/ heav51 :]e ! elem5t ( fire &   
light 0 suppos$ to exi/ unm+l$ & pure4  
,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,bec*] & ,/ahl1   

two ,g]man *emi/s1 br\ght =w>d :at is   
kn[n z ! phlogi/ic hypo!sis4 ,!y suppos$
 t e combu/ible body held 9 composition 
a pure1 e!real sub/ance :i* !y call$    
phlogi/on1 a ,greek ^w :i* signifies    
burn$1 & t 9 combu/ion ?is phlogi/on    
escap$4 ,flame 0 suppos$ to be ?is      
escap+ phlogi/on4 ,^! 7 ! notions held  
ab\t fire & combu/ion1 b !y are h>dly   
wor?y to be call$ !ories ( heat4 ,!     
discov]y ( oxyg5 by ,dr4 ,prie/ley (    
,engl&1 9 #aggd1 & ! introduction ( !   
balance by ,lavoisi] ( ,france1 jo9$ ) !
 ev]-enl>g+ circle ( facts to be        
expla9$1 r5d]$ ! phlogi/ic hypo!sis     
unt5able1 & x 0 ?r[n aside4  ,until a   
few ye>s s9ce ! caloric !ory 0 g5]ally  
receiv$4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 heat is a
 sub/ance1 a subtle e!r1 diffus$ ?r\gh  
all bodies & surr\nd+ _! atoms4 ,?is e!r
 has be5 suppos$ to h a /rong attraction
 = ! atoms ( e o!r sub/ance1 :ile betwe5
 its own atoms a /rong repulsion exi/s4 
,9 solid bodies ea* atom ( matt]1 or 9  
comp\nd bodies ea* clu/] ( atoms1 has   

be5 suppos$ to be surr\nd$ by a little  
atmosph]e1 s to speak1 ( caloric1 :i*   
prev5t$ ! atoms f com+ into absolute    
contact4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 heat     
exp&s bodies by increas+ & deep5+ ^!    
m9ute atmosph]es1 ?us press+ ! atoms    
f>!r f ea* o!r4  ,y ne$ n expla9 ?is    
!ory f>!r1 said ,mr4 ,wilton2 we h h>dly
 "t to g into ! hi/ory ( !ories4 ,tell u
 ! late/ receiv$ !ory4  ,! !ory n[      
commonly believ$ is call$ ! me*anical or
 dynamic !ory4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 !  
ess5ce ( heat is motion4 ,a hot body is 
"o ^: atoms are 9 a /ate ( rapid &      
int5se motion or vibration2 & ! s5sation
 ( heat on t\*+ a hot body arises f !   
impact1 or rapid bl[s1 ( ! agitat$      
atoms1 communicat+ ! same atomic        
vibration to ! fle% & n]ves ( ! h&4  ,v 
well /at$1 ,ansel4 ,?is is ! !ory n[ m  
commonly receiv$4 ,! caloric !ory1 l !  
crude notions ( ! old ,greek philosoph]s
 ab\t fire1 & l ! phlogi/ic hypo!sis1   
has be5 reject$ because x fail$ to      
expla9 ! ph5om5a ( heat4 ,:e!r ! dynamic

 !ory is de/9$ to %>e ! same fate rema9s
 to be se54 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 to h a     
bett] f\ndation ?an its pr$ecessors4 ,! 
dynamic !ory1 ?\gh rec5tly made popul>1 
is by no means a rec5t conception4 ,x 0 
advocat$ by su* m5 z ,bacon1 ,newton1   
,rum=d1 ,davy1 ,locke1 & o!rs4 ,locke1 !
 di/+ui%$ intellectual philosoph] :o    
liv$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 
7born #afcb1 di$ #agjd71 said1 ',heat is
 a v brisk agitation ( ! ins5sible p>ts 
( an object1 :i* produces 9 u t s5sation
 f :i* we d5om9ate ! object hot1 s t :at
 9 our s5sations is heat 9 ! object is  
no?+ b motion4' ,b5jam9 ,?ompson1 an    
,am]ican g5tleman :o w5t to ,europe 9 ! 
"t ( our revolution1 & = 8 sci5tific    
fame 0 made ,c\nt ,rum=d1 & became !    
f\nd] ( ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,engl&1  
decl>$ t he c\ld =m no conception ( !   
nature ( heat g5]at$ by friction unless 
x 7 motion4  ,a beautiful g5]alization  
has be5 made to %[ h[ well ?is idea (   
heat h>monizes ) ! entire plan ( !      
univ]se4 ,9 ! :ole b\ndless univ]se ea* 

sy/em ( worlds1 l our sol> sy/em1 may be
 reg>d$ z a molecule1 or complex atom4  
,^! cosmical molecules1 or complex atoms
 ( ! univ]se1 are 9 motion ?r\gh        
unmeasur$ space4 ,9 ^! sy/ems ( worlds !
 planets1 ) _! satellites1 are !        
molecules1 & !y are 9 motion--inde$1 !y 
commonly h sev]al motions4 ,our e>?1 =  
example1 rotates ^u its axis once ea*   
day2 x revolves 9 its orbit ar\nd ! sun 
once ea* ye>1 & ! axis ( ! e>? has a sl[
 wabbl+ motion :i* produces ! precession
 ( ! equ9oxes1 requir+ #be1hfh ye>s = a 
complete revolution4 ,! e>? also is made
 up ( p>ts1 & all ^! are 9 ceaseless    
motion4 ,z said ! old ,greek philosoph]1
 ',all ?+s fl['--t is1 ev]y?+ is 9 a    
/ate ( *ange4 ,solomon has well describ$
 ?is p]petual movem5t & *ange3 ',"o     
g5]ation passe? away1 & ano!r g5]ation  
come?4 ,! sun also arise?1 & ! sun goe? 
d[n1 & ha/e? to 8 place :5ce he arose4  
,! w9d goe? t[>d ! s\?1 & turne? ab\t   
unto ! nor?4 ,x :irle? ab\t cont9ually1 
& ! w9d returne? accord+ to 8 circuits4 

,all ! riv]s run into ! sea2 yet ! sea  
is n full2 unto ! place f :5ce ! riv]s  
come1 ?i!r d !y return aga94 ,all ?+s   
are full ( labor2 man _c utt] x4 ,! eye 
is n satisfi$ ) see+1 nor ! e> fill$ )  
he>+4 ,! ?+ t ha? be51 x is t :i* %all  
be2 & t :i* is done is t :i* %all be    
done1 & !re is no new ?+ "u ! sun4'     
,eccles4 i4 #d-i4 ,x is c]ta9ly 9 h>mony
 ) ?is univ]sal movem5t t ! atoms (     
matt]1 ?\gh !y seem s closely pack$1    
%\ld 9 _! inconceivable smallness ?r\gh 
inconceivably m9ute spaces vibrate1 or  
rotate1 or revolve ?r\gh an orbit1 nev] 
at re/4 ,int5sity ( heat we may ?9k ( z 
int5sity ( ?is atomic motion--a wid]    
sw+1 s to speak1 9 _! vibration or      
revolution4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 requires a   
wid] sep>ation ( ! atoms & a consequ5t  
expansion ( bodies4 ,a feebl] atomic    
motion p]mits ! atoms to approa* ea*    
o!r4 ,9 ?is mann] we expla9 ! enl>gem5t 
( bodies by heat & _! contraction by    
decrease ( temp]ature4 ',! ideas ( !    
be/-in=m$ philosoph]s are z yet unc]ta9 

reg>d+ ! exact nature ( ! motion ( heat1
 b ! great po9t at pres5t is to reg>d x 
z a motion ( "s k9d1 leav+ its m precise
 "* to be dealt ) 9 future              
inve/igation4' ,?is is ! mo/ we c d at  
pres5t4  ,:at is ! evid5ce1 ask$        
,samuel1 t ! dynamic !ory ( heat is     
true8  ,! evid5ce t any !ory is true is 
its ability to expla9 ! facts or ph5om5a
 ) :i* x has to d4 ,if x expla9s all !  
facts & contradicts no kn[n pr9ciples1 x
 is reg>d$ z true1 or at lea/ no        
objection c be made to x4 ,let me       
illu/rate4 ,a/ronom]s _h long inquir$   
:at =ce or law controll$ ! movem5ts ( ! 
heav5ly bodies4 ,at l5g? ,newton answ]$1
 ,a =ce ( attraction betwe5 bodies :i*  
decreases 9 proportion z ! squ>e ( !    
di/ance betwe5 !m increases4 ,?is       
explanation has be5 f\nd suffici5t to   
expla9 all ! kn[n facts 9 ! work+ ( !   
heav5ly bodies4 ,^u ! basis ( ?is !ory  
a/ronom]s calculate ! positions (       
planets & comets = ye>s & c5turies to   
come4  ,?is !ory l$ to ! discov]y ( !   

planet ,neptune1 ! la/ discov]$ ( !     
prim>y planets4 ,= ?irty ye>s           
irregul>ities 9 ! motion ( ,uranus _h   
be5 notic$4 ,^! v>iations 7 s slight t  
if ano!r planet _h revolv$ 9 ! prop]    
orbit ( ,uranus !y w\ld h seem$ to !    
nak$ eye1 ?r\gh\t _! c\rse1 "o & ! same 
/>4 ,?is slight irregul>ity ( motion 0 s
 nicely measur$ t ! place ( ! unse5     
planet :i* caus$ x 0 almo/ exactly      
calculat$ f ! e/imat$ =ce & direction ( 
its attraction4 ,?is !ory ( a univ]sal  
attraction ( gravitation s well expla9s 
all ! facts 9 ! case1 & has become s    
univ]sally receiv$1 t we are liable to  
=get t1 aft] all1 x is no?+ b a !ory4   
,our idea ( ! /ructure ( ! sol> sy/em 0 
at fir/ only a !ory4 ,! a/ronom] does n 
see ! planets revolv+ 9 regul> circles  
?r\gh ! heav5s & mov+ ar\nd ! sun4 ,he  
only sees ! %9+ po9ts mov+ back & =? ^u 
! concave vault1 d\bl+ & cross+ _!      
tracks app>5tly 9 ! greate/ disord]4 ,h[
 %all _! motions be expla9$8 ,a/ronom]s 
h f\nd t ! motions ( planets revolv+    

ar\nd a c5tral sun1 :5 se5 f "o ( !     
planets1 mu/ pres5t j ^! app>5t         
irregul>ities4 ,?is explanation is s    
full & complete t x is n[ c\nt$ n a     
!ory1 b an e/abli%$ fact4 ,! same may be
 said ( ! %ape ( ! e>?4  ,! dynamic !ory
 ( heat expla9s ! ph5om5a ( heat bett]  
?an any o!r explanation t has be5       
propos$4 ,x expla9s ! radiation ( heat f
 ! sun or f any o!r hot body3 vibrations
 or impulses are propagat$ ?r\gh t e!r  
:i* is suppos$ to fill all space4 ,x    
expla9s ! conduction ( heat ?r\gh solid 
bodies 9 ! same mann]4 ,x expla9s !     
expansion ( bodies3 ! atomic motion =ces
 ! atoms ( bodies f>!r ap>t4 ,x expla9s 
! production ( heat by friction or      
collision1 :i* no o!r !ory is able to d3
 ! %ock ( ! collision g5]ates ?is atomic
 vibration4 ,x expla9s ! production (   
heat by combu/ion3 ! atoms ( oxyg5 &    
c>bon or hydrog5 da% aga9/ ea* o!r &    
g5]ate heat by ! collision4 ,?is !ory   
expla9s ! transmutation ( motion1 or    
liv+ =ce1 & electricity1 into heat1 & ! 

transmutation ( heat into electric or   
me*anical =ce4 ,^! po9ts w come up aga91
 & ,i n[ only ref] to !m 9 answ]+       
,samuel's "q4 ,! dynamic !ory expla9s ! 
ph5om5a ( heat & its relations to =ce1  
light1 & electricity exce$+ly well1 & = 
?is reason m5 look ^u x ) favor & c\nt x
 z probably true4 ,if 9 ! progress (    
sci5tific inve/igation x %all be f\nd to
 expla9 all ! new facts discov]$ & meet 
well all ! dem&s made ^u x1 x w at l5g? 
be receiv$ z an admitt$ pr9ciple 9      
physical sci5ce4 ,! wave !ory ( light & 
! vibratory !ory ( s\nd may be look$ ^u 
z ?us e/abli%$4  ,at our next lesson we 
%all take a rapid review ( ! effects &  
laws ( heat4     ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,heat  
,a ,,gift ,,( ,,god4   ,! class is aga9 
promptly 9 place & ready = "w4  ,z ,i   
ann\nc$ a week ago1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1  
we w to-day take a rapid review ( !     
effects & laws ( heat4 ,w y tell u1     
,pet]1 ! fir/ & *ief ( ^! effects8      
,yes1 sir3 combu/ion4  ,:at is          
combu/ion8  ,commonly ! rapid union (   

oxyg5 ) "s combu/ible sub/ance1 att5d$ )
 ! evolution ( heat4  ,0 y\r answ]      
correct1 !n8  ,no1 sir1 said ,pet]1     
blu%+2 ,i spoke be=e ,i ?\ght4  ,w y    
correct y\r answ]8  ,! fir/ & *ief      
effect ( heat is expansion4  ,t is "r4  
,our s5sation ( heat is ( c\rse only a  
s5sation--m]ely ! feel+ :i* results f ! 
effects ( heat ^u our n]ves--b ! *ief   
physical effect ( heat is ! expansion ( 
bodies4 ,! *emical qualities ( bodies   
are n *ang$3 !y are n made ei!r heavi]  
or light]4 ,a suffici5tly high          
temp]ature r5d]s bodies lum9\s1 & !n we 
call !m r$ hot or :ite hot4 ,solid      
bodies beg9 to be lum9\s at a temp]ature
 ( ab\t "o ?\s& degrees4 ,b ! "o        
inv>iable effect ( heat1 ) two or ?ree  
app>5t exceptions1 is expansion4 ,y may 
m5tion1 ,samuel1 "s famili> illu/rations
 ( ! effect ( heat 9 exp&+ bodies4  ,!  
blacksmi? heats ! wagon-tire 9 ord] t x 
may easily slip ov] ! :eel4 ,if a kettle
 be fill$ ) cold wat]1 by heat+ x ! wat]
 is exp&$ & runs ov]4 ,i h notic$ t !   

spaces betwe5 ! ends ( ! successive iron
 rails ^u ! railroad are l>g] 9 w9t] ?an
 9 summ]1 %[+ t ! rails are %ort] 9 w9t]
 ?an 9 summ]4 ,:ile skat+ dur+ ! cold   
w9t] ev5+s ^u ! mill-pond1 ,i h se5     
cracks 9 ! ?ick ice />t & run across !  
mill-pond ) a ro> almo/ l ?und]4 ,! ice 
0 contract$ by ! cold till x c\ld no    
long] fill ! :ole space betwe5 ! banks1 
& be+ froz5 fa/ to ! banks1 x 0 torn    
asund]4 ,! m]cury 9 ! tube ( a !rmomet] 
is con/antly exp&+ or contract+ by e    
*ange ( temp]ature4  ,yes1 ^? are all   
good illu/rations1 & we might g on to   
m5tion o!rs equally good by ! score4 ,9 
cold c\ntries1 dur+ ! int5se cold (     
w9t]1 ! surface ( ! e>? cracks by       
%r9kage1 j z y h se5 ! ice ^u !         
mill-pond torn 9 two4 ,! ,britannia iron
 tubul> bridge ov] ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce at    
,montreal rises & falls two & "o-half   
in*es on acc\nt ( great] expansion ( !  
upp] surface :5 expos$ to ! heat ( !    
sun1 :ile a load$ freight tra9 causes a 
depression ( b "o-f\r? ( an in*4 ,a few 

ye>s s9ce1 9 ord] to make "s            
philosophical exp]im5ts connect$ ) !    
rotation ( ! e>? ^u its axis1 a ball 0  
susp5d$ by a wire 9 ! int]ior ( ,bunk]  
,hill monum5t4 ,by ?is means x 0        
accid5tally discov]$ t ! heat ( ! sun1  
exp&+ ! sides ( ! monum5t expos$ to its 
rays1 caus$ ! :ole monum5t to sway back 
& =? daily4  ,"h ,ansel rais$ 8 h&4     
,:at is x1 ,ansel8  ,i 0 go+ to m5tion !
 belief ( geologi/s t ! m\nta9 ranges 7 
?r[n up by ! contract+ ( ! e>?'s cru/ on
 acc\nt ( cool+4  ,t is an illu/ration (
 contraction by loss ( heat on an       
enorm\s scale4 ,! mat]ials :i* =m our   
globe may h exi/$ 9 ! beg9n+ 9 a nebul\s
 or gase\s /ate4 ,!re is c]ta9ly v good 
reason = believ+ t ! e>? 0 once 9 a     
fluid /ate1 ! :ole ( its sub/ance molt5 
by int5se heat4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! int]ior 
is n[ hot1 & portions ( x molt54 ,x is  
by v _m believ$ t ! :ole int]ior is     
molt54 ,! cru/ ( ! e>? may h be5 =m$ by 
cool+4 ,if aft] an out] cru/ _h be5 =m$1
 & its temp]ature _h fall5 s l[ z to    

become ne>ly /ation>y1 ! int]ior mass   
cont9u$ to cool1 ! molt5 mass w\ld t5d  
to s9k away f ! cru/ & ! cru/ w\ld s9k 9
 ^u x by wr9kl+4 ,?us m\nta9s may h be5 
=m$4 ,along ! l9e ( fracture ! easie/   
v5ts w\ld be =m$ = volcanoes4 ,b ?is    
c>ries u some:at aside f our subject1 & 
z ! expansion ( bodies by heat has be5  
suffici5tly illu/rat$1 we w leave x4 ,w 
"s "o n[ /ate ! mann] 9 :i* ! dynamic   
!ory ( heat expla9s ?is expansion8      
,samuel answ]$3 ,i ?9k y h already giv5 
u ! explanation4  ,i h briefly ref]r$ to
 x1 b y may give x aga94  ,! atomic     
motion :i* is suppos$ to con/itute :at  
we call heat1 :atev] t motion be1 :e!r a
 vibration or rotation or revolution1   
requires t ! atoms ( bodies %all n be   
pack$ 9 absolute contact1 & ! m int5se !
 agitation or ! wid] ! sw+ ( ! vibration
 or revolution1 ! great] mu/ be _!      
sep>ation4 ,h5ce heat exp&s bodies by   
?ru/+ _! atoms f>!r ap>t4  ,t w d1 said 
,mr4 ,wilton4 ,let u look n[ at "s ( !  
second>y effects ( heat4 ,y may m5tion  

"s ( !m1 ,ansel4  ,heat relaxes or      
ov]p[]s ! cohesive attraction ( bodies4 
,:at is cohesive attraction8  ,x is t   
=ce :i* b9ds toge!r ! atoms ( matt] 9   
simple sub/ances1 t is1 bodies l iron or
 copp] or silv]1 compos$ ( b "o k9d (   
sub/ance1 or 9 comp\nd bodies x is ! =ce
 :i* unites ! comp\nd molecules ( matt]4
  ,give u n[ "s illu/rations ( ! effect 
( heat 9 ov]com+ cohesive attraction4   
,! blacksmi? heats 8 iron 9 ord] to     
ov]come its cohesive attraction & r5d] x
 s(t1 t he may easily hamm] x4 ,! f\nd] 
heats 8 metal till its cohesion is s f> 
de/roy$ t x becomes fluid & c be p\r$   
into ! m\ld4 ,heat relaxes ! cohesive   
=ce ( ice & *anges x to wat]1 & by f>!r 
heat+ its cohesion is entirely ov]come &
 ! wat] is *ang$ to a gas4  ,we use heat
 also 9 cook+ our food1 spoke up ,pet]3 
is x n because heat de/roys ! cohesive  
attraction1 & ?us s(t5s x8  ,if t 7 !   
only effect ( heat ^u food1 said ,mr4   
,wilton1 we %\ld be oblig$ to eat our   
food hot1 = z soon z x cool$ ! cohesion 

w\ld return & ! food w\ld be raw aga94  
,! op]ation ( heat 9 cook+ is v>i\s1 &  
"p ( ! effect is commonly to be ascrib$ 
to ! wat] 9 :i* ! food is cook$ or to t 
:i* is conta9$ 9 x4 ,by ! comb9$ ag5cy (
 heat & wat] />* swells to tw5ty or     
?irty times its orig9al bulk & ! m9ute  
/>* gra9s bur/ op54 ,9 cook+ potatoes ! 
/>* ( ! potato absorbs a portion ( !    
wat] t is 9 x1 & ?us r5d]s x dry &      
mealy4 ,! action ( heat & wat] ^u rice1 
:eat1 & o!r gra9s is simil> to _!       
op]ation ^u />*4 ,9 ! bak+ ( bread ! />*
 is conv]t$ into gum4 ,9 boil+ fle% !   
effect is p>tly due to ! solv5t p[]s (  
wat]3 ! juices ( ! fle% are extract$1 ! 
gelat9 is dissolv$1 ! fat is liquefi$1 &
 ! cells 9 :i* ! fatty matt] is held m  
or less bur/1 ! album5 is solidifi$1 &  
by long boil+ ! texture & fibre ( ! fle%
 are de/roy$4 ,! album5 ( an egg1 t is1 
! :ite1 coagulates by heat4 ,b 9 mo/ (  
^! processes ! action ( heat _c be      
sep>at$ f t ( wat]4  ,b !re is ano!r    
effect ( heat v important bo? 9 nature &

 9 ! arts4 ,:at is t8  ,! quick5+ (     
*emical aff9ity1 answ]$ ,samuel4  ,t is 
"r3 heat is necess>y = ! op]ation (     
*emical aff9ity4 ,p]haps ?is is only a  
weak5+ ( ! cohesive =ce1 ?us all[+ !    
*emical attractions to ass]t _! /r5g?4  
,b ! fact is t1 :ile 9 _m cases !       
*emical aff9ities act ) great en]gy at  
ord9>y temp]atures1 9 o!r cases !y      
slumb]1 h[ev] closely ! sub/ances are   
br\ght into contact1 till _! temp]ature 
is rais$4 ,samuel1 y may m5tion "s      
illu/rations ( ?is pr9ciple4  ,a few    
mon?s ago ,i visit$ ,haz>d's p[d] mills1
 9 ,enfield1 ,connecticut1 & !re le>n$  
h[ gunp[d] is made4 ,! *>coal1 !        
sulphur1 & ! nitre are fir/ f9ely       
pulv]iz$1 !n gr\nd toge!r = h\rs till   
?or\ghly mix$1 & aft]w>d press$ toge!r4 
,?is mass is !n brok5 into gra9s & !    
gra9s poli%$4 ,b ?\gh ^! elem5ts are    
br\ght into s close contact1 yet !y d n 
comb9e & explode till heat is appli$4 ,!
 same is true ( ! combu/ion ( wood &    
coal4 ,! c>bon & ! hydrog5 ( ! fuel are 

con/antly surr\nd$ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 b 
!y d n take fire & burn1 t is1 !y d n   
comb9e ) ! oxyg51 till !y are rais$ to a
 r$ heat1 or p]haps ev5 to a high]      
temp]ature4 ,if a /ove fill$ ) burn+    
coal be cool$ d[n to a l[ temp]ature by 
apply+ ice1 ! combu/ion w cease1 ! fire 
w g out4 ,our tea*] at ! academy on "o  
occasion heat$ a /eel wat*-spr+ r$ hot &
 plung$ x into a j> ( oxyg51 & ! /eel   
spr+ began quickly to burn ) great fury4
  ,y h giv5 u good illu/rations1        
,samuel1 & t :i* is true ( c>bon &      
hydrog5 & oxyg5 is true ( sub/ances 9   
g5]al4 ,! effect ( heat 9 produc+       
*emical *anges is v important ev]y:]e4  
,x is se5 n only 9 ! *emi/'s laboratory 
& 9 ! artisan's %op1 b also 9 !         
laboratory ( ,nature4 ,plant a gra9 (   
corn 9 midw9t]3 :y does x n g]m9ate &   
gr[8 ,no?+ is ne$$ b ! requisite heat to
 quick5 ! *emical aff9ities into action4
 ,e>? & air furni% ! ne$$ mat]ial = !   
gr[? ( =e/ trees 9 w9t] z well z 9      
summ]1 b ! cold holds 9 *eck ! *emical  

=ces & prev5ts ! requisite *emical      
comb9ations4 ,no soon] does ! sun quick5
 t atomic vibration or revolution :i* we
 call heat ?an vegetable gr[? beg9s4    
,heat is necess>y = ^? *emical *anges by
 :i* food is dige/$ 9 ! /oma* & !       
processes ( nutrition c>ri$ on 9 e "p ( 
! body4 ,if a man f9i% 8 d9n] ) ice     
cream or ice wat]1 ! process ( dige/ion 
is delay$ till ! cont5ts ( ! /oma*      
recov] _! prop] temp]ature4 ,?is is "o  
*ief reason :y w>m1 com=table clo?+ is s
 v important1 especially = *ildr54 ,all 
! vital processes are *emical processes3
 !y are c>ri$ on ?r\gh *emical          
aff9ities4 ,unless ! body be kept at a  
suitable temp]ature1 ^! processes are   
feeble & imp]fect1 nutrition & vital    
combu/ion are h9d]$1 & diseases are     
eng5d]$4  ,^!1 !n1 are ! *ief effects ( 
heat4 ,x exp&s bodies1 weak5s cohesive  
attraction1 & quick5s ! *emical         
aff9ities into activity4  ,ansel aga9   
rais$ 8 h&4  ,:at d y wi%8  ,w y please 
tell u1 ,mr4 ,wilton1 h[ ?is weak5+ (   

cohesive attraction is expla9$ ^u !     
dynamic !ory ( heat8  ,i w d s )        
pleasure4 ,! increas$ atomic motion 9 ! 
heat$ body ?r[s ! atoms f>!r ap>t1 z we 
h already le>n$1 & by ?is increase (    
di/ance _! attraction is dim9i%$4 ,if ! 
e>? 7 twice its pres5t di/ance f ! sun1 
_! attraction = ea* o!r w\ld be f\r     
times less ?an x n[ is2 if its di/ance 7
 ?ree times z great1 _! attraction = ea*
 o!r w\ld be n9e times less4 ,!         
attraction ( gravitation dim9i%es 9     
proportion z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance ?r\gh  
:i* x mu/ act increases4 ,p]haps        
cohesive attraction dim9i%es accord+ to 
! same law1 ?\gh ! spaces are s small t 
?is _c be demon/rat$1 b x is c]ta9ly    
weak5$ by ! expansion ( bodies ?r\gh !  
ag5cy ( heat4  ,"h ,pet] rais$ 8 h&4    
,:at w y say1 ,pet]8  ,d n m5 heat &    
burn bricks1 n to s(t5 !m1 b to h>d5 !m8
  ,t is true1 said ,mr4 ,wilton2 b 9 ?is
 !re is a process ( dry+ z well z (     
heat+1 & ! h>d5+ is due *iefly to !     
complete dry+ by ! int5se heat4 ,too    

great heat w melt bricks :ile 9 !       
process ( burn+4 ,i once he>d a         
brick-burn] say t he c\ld melt ! brick  
ar\nd ! ar*es 9 8 kiln 9 half an h\r1 if
 he pleas$ to put 9 fuel & let ! fire   
burn4 ,inde$1 almo/ e kn[n solid        
sub/ance has be5 fus$ by heat4 ,:e!r    
c>bon has ev] be5 melt$ is an unsettl$  
"q4  ,i w\ld l to inquire1 said ,samuel1
 :y wat] w n burn4 ,is x because x      
evaporates be=e x rea*es a suffici5tly  
high temp]ature8  ,?is is a little aside
 f our subject1 b ! incombu/ibility (   
wat] is a provision ( ! ,creator s v    
important t we w /op to notice x4 ,i    
?9k1 h[ev]1 t by a little ?\ght y       
y\rself c answ] ! "q4 ,tell me aga9 :at 
combu/ion is4  ,combu/ion is commonly ! 
comb9+ ( oxyg5 ) "s o!r sub/ance call$ a
 combu/ible4 ,! ru/+ ( iron & ! decay ( 
organic bodies are =ms ( sl[ combu/ion4 
,n[ tell u ! composition ( wat]4  ,wat] 
is compos$ ( oxyg5 & hydrog5--eight p>ts
 ( oxyg5 to "o ( hydrog51 by weight1 or 
two p>ts ( hydrog5 to "o ( oxyg51 by    

measure4  ,h[ is wat] =m$ f ^! two      
gases8 ,are !y mix$ toge!r z oxyg5 &    
nitrog5 are m+l$ 9 ! air1 or are !y     
*emically unit$8  ,!y are *emically     
unit$3 !y are burn$ toge!r4 ,:5 hydrog5 
burns1 ! product is wat]4  ,wat] is !n a
 product ( combu/ion4 ,c y n n[ tell :y 
wat] is incombu/ible8  ,i ?9k ,i n[ see 
! reason4 ,! oxyg51 be+ itself !        
support] ( combu/ion1 w n burn1 & !     
hydrog5 has be5 already once burn$ 9 !  
=mation ( wat]4  ,& t :i* is true ( wat]
 is true1 9 a great] or less degree1 (  
o!r products ( combu/ion4 ,! burn+ (    
*>coal produces c>bonic acid1 & c>bonic 
acid w n burn because x is ! production 
( combu/ion4 ,a c&le is ext+ui%$ by x z 
quickly z by wat]4 ,by a rec5t inv5tion 
c>bonic acid is us$ to ext+ui%          
conflagrations4 ,! c>bon has once unit$ 
) oxyg51 & a second comb9ation ) an     
additional am\nt1 or1 z a *emi/ w\ld    
say1 ) ano!r equival5t1 ( oxyg5 is mu* m
 difficult4  ,i ?9k1 said ,samuel1 ,i n[
 und]/& :y wat] w n burn1 b w y please  

also to tell u :y wat] puts out fire    
bett] ?an almo/ any?+ else8  ,9 ord] to 
ext+ui% fire "o ( two ?+s mu/ be done3  
ei!r ! supply ( oxyg5 mu/ be cut (f or !
 combu/ible mu/ be cool$ d[n to a       
temp]ature bel[ ! burn+ po9t1 :5 !      
combu/ion w cease ( itself4 ,:5 we %ut !
 draught ( an air-tight /ove1 we *eck ! 
combu/ion by %utt+ (f ! full supply (   
oxyg54 ,if we c\ld :olly prev5t ! access
 ( oxyg5 to ! fuel1 ! fire w\ld at once 
be ext+ui%$4 ,if oxyg5 %\ld !n be       
admitt$ aga9 be=e ! fuel _h cool$ d[n   
bel[ ! burn+ po9t1 combu/ion w\ld at    
once beg9 aga94 ,a blaz+ br& is ext+ui%$
 by be+ ?ru/ into a%es1 because x is %ut
 away f oxyg54 ,9 ! same way we ext+ui% 
! flame ( a c&le ) a t9 ext+ui%]4 ,on ! 
o!r h&1 fires (t5 g out because !       
necess>y temp]ature is n ma9ta9$4 ,wat] 
puts out fire 9 bo? ^! ways1 b          
especially by ! second4 ,wat] p\r$ 9    
torr5ts f a fire eng9e ^u a fire =ms a  
film ( wat]1 & ! burn+ mat]ial %uts out 
! oxyg54 ,b ! wat] acts *iefly by l[]+ !

 temp]ature4 ,no o!r kn[n sub/ance      
except hydrog5 gas requires s mu* heat  
to raise x ?r\gh a giv5 numb] ( degrees 
( temp]ature z wat]4 ,z mu* heat is     
requir$ to heat "o p\nd ( wat] z ?irty  
p\nds ( m]cury4 ,h5ce1 wat] p\r$ ^u     
burn+ timb] cools x to s l[ a temp]ature
 t x ceases to burn4  ,9 addition to    
?is1 we may notice t wood saturat$ )    
wat] _c be heat$ above ! boil+ po9t (   
wat] till ! wat] is evaporat$4 ,z fa/ z 
! wood & ! wat] rise or t5d to rise     
above two hundr$ & twelve degrees1 !    
wat] *anges into /eam & c>ries away !   
additional heat4 ,! consumption ( heat 9
 ! =mation ( vapor we mu/ look at m     
c>efully 9 a future lesson4 ,we w       
suppose t a h\se is 9 flames4 ,a fire   
eng9e ?r[s a /ream ( cold wat] into !   
mid/ ( ! conflagration4 ,! cold wat]1   
da%+ aga9/ ! burn+ wood1 cools ! heat$  
surface2 x is absorb$ into ! pores ( !  
wood & h9d]s its rapid heat+2 a portion 
( ! wat]1 be+ *ang$ into /eam1 c>ries (f
 ! heat2 ! /eam1 m+l+ ) ! flame1 l[]s ! 

temp]ature ( ! burn+ gas1 & 9 proportion
 z /eam fills ! surr\nd+ space oxyg5 is 
driv5 away4 ,a burn+ coal m9e 9 ,engl& 0
 once ext+ui%$ by =c+ /eam into x1 ?us  
driv+ out ! air :i* support$ ! combu/ion
 & cool+ d[n ! burn+ coal4  ,!          
advantages :i* m5 receive f ^! ag5cies (
 heat are s manife/ t we _c help notic+ 
!m4 ,i d n ref] to ! com=t ( a pleasant 
temp]ature1 nor ! impossibility ( liv+ 9
 a temp]ature extremely l[1 b to all ^? 
processes by :i* man subdues nature1    
provides = himself food1 clo?+1 &       
dwell+-places1 & builds up civilization4
 ,heat is t =ce :i* enables man to      
accompli% 8 ends4 ,heat br+s ! iron f ! 
native ore1 & heat r5d]s x malleable &  
pla/ic to be %ap$ = man's uses4 ,heat   
quick5s ! *emical aff9ities & r5d]s !   
arts ( civiliz$ life a possibility4     
,heat br+s toge!r oxyg5 & c>bon 9 t5    
?\s& furnaces1 & ! heat eng5d]$ by !    
combu/ion1 *ang$ to =ce1 drives !       
pond]\s or nimble ma*9]y :i* c>ries on !
 "w ( ! _w4 ,heat quick5s ! *emical     

aff9ities & causes ! :eat to gr[2 heat  
prep>es ! :eat = man's food2 & by ! aid 
( heat t food is *ang$ 9 man's body1    
nutrition goes on1 ! body is built up1  
wa/e matt] is remov$1 & all ! vital     
processes are support$4 ,)\t ^! ag5cies 
( heat--s(t5+ & subdu+ /ubborn matt] on 
! "o side1 & quick5+ its =ces on !      
o!r--man c\ld n exi/4  ,let me rem9d y t
 ^! ag5cies ( heat are ( ,god's devis+4 
,if ! op]ations ( heat are b5efic5t to  
man1 x is because ,god wi%$ to bless 8  
creatures4 ,i am n mu* giv5 to moraliz+1
 b :5 ,i see h[ completely ^! simple    
effects ( heat meet man's wants1 ,i _c  
help rememb]+ & admir+ ! wisdom ( !     
great ,design]4 ,x is ,god & n bl9d1    
unconsci\s ,nature t is work+4  ,?is    
rem9ds me1 said ,samuel1 ( ! tradition 9
 ,greek my?ology t ,prome!us /ole fire f
 ,jupit] & br\ght x d[n to man 9 a re$ z
 a preci\s treasure4 ,x seems to me l a 
gift f heav54  ,?is my?ological         
tradition has1 h[ev]1 "o falsehood3 !re 
0 no ne$ t m5 %\ld /eal fire f ! gods2  

,god freely gave x4 ,heat is inde$ a    
gift f heav54     ,,*apt] ,v4           
,,conveyance ,,& ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,heat4 
,to-day we review ! modes 9 :i* heat    
passes or is convey$ f place to place4  
,x is evid5t t if heat 7 conf9$ to ! v  
place or po9t :]e x is g5]at$1 x c\ld   
subs]ve none ( ^? uses to :i* x is n[   
appli$ 9 ! economy ( ,nature or 9 !     
works & arts ( man4 ,b heat passes f    
place to place ) great facility1 & by "o
 me?od1 ) ! spe$ ( light1 x t5ds to     
diffuse itself ev5ly ?r\gh all2 x seeks 
an equilibrium4 ,! modes ( its          
diffusion1 or conveyance1 are ?ree 9    
numb]4 ,ansel may "n !m4  ,heat passes f
 place to place & f body to body by     
'conduction1' by 'radiation1' & by      
'convection4'  ,:at is meant1 ,ansel1 by
 ! 'conduction' ( heat8  ,! pass+ ( heat
 f atom to atom & f p>ticle to p>ticle  
?r\gh a body is call$ conduction4  ,t is
 "r4 ,i w call ^u ,pet] to give "s      
illu/rations ( ! conduction ( heat4  ,! 
examples are s _m1 ,pet] answ]$1 t ,i   

h>dly "k :at to m5tion fir/4 ,if ,i hold
 a p9 9 ! flame ( a lamp1 ! "p ( ! p9 t 
t\*es ! flame is fir/ heat$1 b soon !   
heat runs along ! :ole l5g? ( ! p9 &    
burns my f+]s4 ,! p>ts ( a /ove :i* t\* 
! fire are fir/ heat$1 & f !m ! heat    
spreads ?r\gh ! :ole /ove4 ,a p9e-wood  
%av+1 k9dl$ at "o end1 is heat$ by      
conduction1 b ! heat passes ?r\gh x v   
little fa/] ?an ! flame foll[s4 ,heat   
escapes f our bodies by be+ sl[ly       
conduct$ ?r\gh our clo?+4 ,!re is no end
 to ! examples ( conduction :i* "o might
 give4  ,we mu/ n ?9k ( ! conduction (  
heat1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 z if x 7 a     
fluid sl[ly absorb$ by a por\s body1 z  
wat] p\r$ ^u ! gr\nd soaks into x1 or z 
wat] p]colates ?r\gh a lump ( sug> &    
moi/5s ! :ole ( x4 ,we mu/ rememb] t !  
transf] ( heat is n a transf] ( any     
sub/ance1 b a transf] ( motion4 ,"o atom
 is set 9 motion1 & /rikes aga9/ ano!r  
atom & sets t 9 motion1 & ?us motion is 
communicat$ f atom to atom & f molecule 
to molecule ?r\gh ! :ole mass ( matt]   

till e atom is agitat$ ) ! heat         
vibrations4 ,d all bodies conduct heat )
 equal rapidity8  ,no1 sir1 repli$      
,ansel2 !re is ! greate/ possible       
diff]5ce4 ,"s sub/ances are call$ good  
conductors1 because heat p]meates !m s  
readily & rapidly2 o!rs conduct heat v  
sl[ly1 & are call$ poor conductors or   
bad conductors4  ,t is "r4 ,e *ild soon 
le>ns by exp]i5ce to make a practical   
di/9ction ( ?is k9d4 ,he v soon und]/&s 
t he c hold a /ick ( wood )\t burn+ 8   
h&1 ev5 ?\gh x be blaz+ at ! o!r end1 b 
t :5 a piece ( iron is r$ hot at "o end 
he mu/ n take hold ( x at ! o!r4 ,! *ild
 v soon le>ns to "k ! diff]5t feel+ ( a 
cotton night-g[n f "o ( flannel1 & !    
diff]5ce 9 app>5t w>m? betwe5 a l95     
pill[-case & a wool5 blanket4 ,aft] a   
room has be5 heat$ = a consid]able "t ! 
v>i\s objects 9 x all become ( ! same   
temp]ature1 & ! same is true 9 a cold   
room2 b h[ great ! diff]5ce 9 !         
s5sations produc$ by t\*+ ! oil-clo? & a
 wool5 c>pet 9 a cold room6 ,good       

conductors ( heat1 if hot1 feel v hot2  
or if cold1 feel v cold2 :ile poor      
conductors make a mu* less decid$       
impression4 ,:y is ?is1 ,samuel8  ,!    
good conductors receive heat or "p ) x v
 readily4 ,if ! good conductor be hott] 
?an our bodies1 x imp>ts its heat       
rapidly to our h&1 & because we receive 
heat rapidly f x1 x feels to u v hot4   
,or if x be cold] ?an our bodies1 x     
takes heat f our h&s v rapidly1 & gives 
! impression ( be+ v cold4 ,poor        
conductors imp>t heat to ! sk9 or take x
 away m sl[ly1 & h5ce feel z if _!      
temp]ature 7 m ne>ly l t ( ! body4  ,!  
conduct+ qualities ( bodies1 said ,mr4  
,wilton1 seem to dep5d *iefly ^u _!     
/ructure or ! arrangem5t ( _! atoms4    
,bodies :i* are compact & solid 9 _!    
/ructure convey heat m rapidly ?an ^?   
:i* are loose & por\s4 ,h5ce solids are 
bett] conductors ?an fluids1 & fluids   
are bett] conductors ?an gases1 & among 
solids ! metals are bett] conductors ?an
 organiz$ bodies1 l wood or fle%1 &     

bett] ?an ! loose & por\s m9]als4 ,9    
bodies ( loose1 por\s1 or fibr\s        
texture1 ! cont9uity ( ! conductory     
sub/ance is con/antly brok54 ,! p>ticles
 9 a mass ( sawdu/ t\* only at a few    
po9ts1 leav+ frequ5t spaces4 ,9 wool5 & 
cotton fabrics ! po9ts ( junction ( !   
fibres are v few1 comp>atively4 ,= ?is  
reason ! motion is n readily communicat$
 f atom to atom4  ,! cry/all9e          
arrangem5t ( atoms has an influ5ce ^u   
conduction ( heat4 ,heat is conduct$ m  
rapidly 9 a direction p>allel ) ! axis (
 cry/allization ?an across t axis4 ,wood
 conducts heat m rapidly 9 ! direction (
 ! gra94 ,?is arrangem5t seems to be    
well adapt$ = keep+ trees w>m 9 w9t]4   
,_! roots rea* d[n into ! e>?1 :i*      
rema9s w>m 9 ! colde/ wea!r4 ,?is heat (
 ! e>? travels along ! fibres up ?r\gh !
 tree1 :ile ! heat conduct$ across !    
fibres escapes mu* m sl[ly into ! op5   
air4 ,! b>k also1 be+ a v bad conductor1
 h9d]s ! escape ( heat4 ,( metals1 silv]
 is ! be/ conductor4 ,i w give y a brief

 table :i* w %[ ! great diff]5ce 9 !    
conduct+ qualities ( "s ( ! metals4     
,c\nt+ ! conduct+ qualities ( silv] z   
#ajj1 ! table is3 ',silv]1 #ajj2 ,gold1 
#ec2 ,copp]1 #gd2 ,iron1 #ab2 ,plat9um1 
#h2 ,g]man ,silv]1 #f2 ,bismu?1         
#b4'--,y\mans4  ,:at is ! second me?od  
by :i* heat passes f place to place8  ,x
 is radiat$1 repli$ ,ansel4  ,& :at is  
radiation8  ,x is motion 9 /raight l9es 
or rays div]g+ f a c5tre4 ,f a hot body 
heat is pass+ (f 9 /raight l9es 9 e     
direction4 ,z a lamp radiates light1 s  
does a hot body radiate heat4  ,radiant 
heat1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 moves ) ! same 
velocity z light1 t is1 "o hundr$ &     
n9ety-two ?\s& miles p] second4 ,x also 
foll[s ! same g5]al pr9ciples z light 9 
all its motions4 ,x is absorb$1         
reflect$1 or transmitt$ 9 ! same mann] z
 light4 ,& ?is is true ( ei!r lum9\s    
heat--t is1 heat radiat$ f a body :i* is
 r$ hot--or obscure1 or d>k heat4  ,z   
!re are good & poor conductors1 s !re   
are good & bad radiators ( heat4 ,!     

radiation ( heat dep5ds ^u ?ree         
conditions3  #a4 ,^u ! temp]ature ( !   
body4 ,! high] ! temp]ature1 ! m rapid &
 en]getic is its radiation4  #b4 ,^u !  
surface ( ! radiat+ body4 ,a dull1 r\gh 
surface radiates heat m rapidly ?an a   
surface bright & poli%$4  #c4 ,^u !     
sub/ance ( ! radiat+ surface4 ,)        
surfaces equally smoo? & bright1 "s     
sub/ances radiate heat mu* bett] ?an    
o!rs4 ,a surface ( v>ni% radiates heat  
mu* m p[]fully ?an a surface ( gold or  
silv]4  ,ansel1 y may1 if y c1 expla9 ! 
radiation ( heat4  ,i c give no o!r     
explanation ?an t radiation is          
conduction ?r\gh t subtle e!r :i* is    
suppos$ to p]vade all space4  ,v well2  
p]haps t is z good an explanation z c be
 giv54 ,b x seems r l ! propagation ( an
 impulse ?an ! spread+ ( atomic         
vibrations 9 e direction4 ,! motion is  
propagat$ 9 /raight l9es4 ,if x be      
conduction1 x mu/ be c>ri$ on by diff]5t
 vibrations f ^? ( pond]able sub/ances4 
,heat1 light1 & electricity are suppos$ 

to be all propagat$ ?r\gh ! same        
!oretical e!r4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton      
e/imat$ ! d5sity ( ! e!r z sev5ty ?\s&  
times less ?an ! d5sity ( our atmosph]e1
 & its ela/icity 9 proportion to its    
d5sity z f\r hundr$ & n9ety millions    
times great]4 ,b ! v exi/5ce ( ?is      
univ]sally-diffus$ e!r is a supposition 
made to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a ( light1     
heat1 & electricity2 &1 ( c\rse1 all its
 qualities mu/ be !oretical also4       
,radiation is believ$ to be !           
propagation ( a motion or impulse ?r\gh 
an inconceivably r>e & ela/ic e!r4      
,pet]1 :at is ! ?ird me?od by :i* heat  
passes f place to place8  ,convection1 0
 8 reply4  ,:at is meant by convection (
 heat8  ,! conveyance ( heat by c>ry+ a 
heat$ body4 ,if ,i remove a hot iron or 
a kettle ( hot wat]1 ,i mu/ ( c\rse c>ry
 ! heat :i* x conta9s4  ,a v good       
illu/ration ( ! convection ( heat1 said 
,mr4 ,wilton1 is se5 9 ! common me?od ( 
heat+ wat]4 ,! heat is appli$ at !      
bottom ( ! vessel conta9+ ! wat]2 z fa/ 

z ! wat] at ! bottom next ! fire is     
heat$1 x rises & c>ries ! heat to ! top2
 cold wat] comes to take its place1 &   
?is 9 turn is heat$ & rises & c>ries    
heat to ! top4 ,?is process is c>ri$ on 
till all ! wat] comes to ! same         
temp]ature4 ,?us wat] is heat$ by       
convection ( heat4  ,a gr&] illu/ration 
is se5 9 w9ds & ocean curr5ts4 ,w>m w9ds
 c>ry heat en\gh to w>m a cont95t1 & !  
mighty ocean curr5ts are /ill m effici5t
 9 transf]r+ heat f "o "p ( ! e>? to    
ano!r4  ,ano!r po9t we ne$ to und]/&4   
,:5 radiant heat falls ^u a body1 :at   
becomes ( x8  ,x is dispos$ (1 answ]$   
,samuel1 9 "o ( ?ree ways3 x may be     
reflect$ accord+ to ! same pr9ciples by 
:i* light is reflect$2 or x may be      
transmitt$1 t is1 pass ?r\gh ! body2 or 
x may be absorb$1 t is1 /op 9 x4  ,v    
well /at$1 ,samuel4 ,9 reg>d to         
reflection ,i ne$ to say v little4 ,y "k
 h[ light is reflect$ f a poli%$        
surface1 su* z a lamp reflector3 heat is
 reflect$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,"o fact y mu/

 be> 9 m9d t\*+ reflect$ heat3 x does n 
heat ! reflect+ body4  ,!re is no ne$ ( 
tell+ y t light passes ?r\gh c]ta9      
sub/ances4 ,x passes ?r\gh gases & ?r\gh
 "s liquids & "s solids4 ,! be/ ( glass1
 ?\gh x is s solid1 int]poses v little  
h9drance to ! passage ( light4 ,heat 9 l
 mann] radiates ?r\gh c]ta9 solids4     
,lum9\s heat is radiat$ ?r\gh glass4    
,rock-salt transmits d>k heat also4 ,a  
plate ( alum p]mits light to pass1 b    
/ops bo? lum9\s heat & d>k heat4        
,rememb] t transmitt$ heat1 z 0 said (  
reflect$ heat1 does n heat ! body ?r\gh 
:i* x passes4 ,i h se5 boys make        
burn+-glasses ( ice4 ,! heat passes     
?r\gh !m & burns t ^u :i* x is          
conc5trat$1 :ile ! ice itself ?r\gh :i* 
! heat passes is n melt$4  ,if a body h 
a good radiat+ surface1 t is1 if its    
surface be dull & r\gh1 ! heat :i* falls
 ^u x w be mo/ly absorb$4 ,! reflect+ & 
absorb+ qualities hold an inv]se ratio  
to ea* o!r2 ! bett] ! reflect+          
qualities1 ! worse ! absorb+1 & ! worse 

! reflect+1 ! bett] ! absorb+4 ,heat :i*
 is absorb$ by a body commonly raises   
its temp]ature1 & rema9s 9 ! body till x
 is sl[ly radiat$ or is conduct$ away by
 ! air or o!r bodies :i* come 9 contact 
) x4  ,:at is t heat call$1 ,ansel1 :i* 
is absorb$ by a body ) no rise (        
temp]ature8  ,x is call$ lat5t heat4  ,t
 is ! old & common expression1 b :at is 
meant by lat5t heat8  ,! ^w lat5t       
signifies ly+ hidd5 or conceal$4 ,lat5t 
heat1 z y sugge/$ 9 y\r fir/ "q1 is t   
heat :i* a body receives )\t %[+ x by a 
*ange ( temp]ature4  ,t "n 'lat5t heat1'
 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 expresses ! op9ion (
 ^? :o inv5t$ x2 !y suppos$ t heat 0 9  
"s mann] hidd5 9 c]ta9 bodies4 ,we mu/ n
 suppose1 h[ev]1 t ?is lat5t heat       
cont9ues to exi/ 9 bodies z heat2 lat5t 
heat is t heat :i* is conv]t$ into =ce  
or "s o!r motion ?an ! atomic heat      
vibrations1 & is employ$ o!rwise ?an 9  
rais+ ! temp]ature4 ,y w und]/& ?is be/ 
by an illu/ration4  ,take "o hundr$     
p\nds ( ice at ! temp]ature ( ?irty-two 

degrees1 t is1 z w>m z is possible )\t  
melt+4 ,t "o hundr$ p\nds ( ice w absorb
 heat :i* w\ld raise "o hundr$ p\nds (  
ice wat] ?r\gh "o hundr$ & =ty degrees1 
& by receiv+ t heat x is melt$1 b ! wat]
 produc$ has ! temp]ature ( ?irty-two   
degrees4 ,x has receiv$ "o hundr$ & =ty 
degrees ( heat1 b its temp]ature is n   
rais$ a s+le degree4 ,?is "o hundr$ &   
=ty degrees ( heat has be5 transmut$    
into =ce & employ$ 9 ov]com+ ! cry/all9e
 attraction ( ! atoms ( wat]4  ,let t   
ice wat] at ?irty-two degrees (         
temp]ature receive "o hundr$ & eighty   
degrees ( heat1 & ! wat] rises to two   
hundr$ & twelve degrees1 ! temp]ature ( 
boil+4 ,b :atev] additional heat is     
absorb$ br+s no increase ( temp]ature1 b
 trans=ms ! wat] into /eam4 ,x is       
employ$ 9 ov]com+ ! cohesive attraction 
( ! molecules ( wat] & *ang+ ! liquid to
 a gas4 ,ab\t "o ?\s& degrees ( heat is 
?us exp5d$1 b ! /eam :i* is produc$ has 
only ! temp]ature ( two hundr$ & twelve 
degrees4 ,if ! process be rev]s$1 ! /eam

 gives up1 z x is said1 ! "o ?\s&       
degrees ( heat 9 return+ to ! condition 
( wat] & ! "o hundr$ & =ty degrees 9    
resum+ ! cry/all9e /ructure ( ice4 ,!   
heat :i* 0 employ$ z =ce 9 ov]com+ !    
atomic & molecul> attractions is        
transmut$ aga9 to heat1 & %[s itself 9  
rais+ ! temp]ature4 ,& t :i* is true (  
wat] is true ( any o!r sub/ance 9 *ang+ 
its =m f a solid to a liquid or f a     
liquid to a gas1 or ! opposite4 ,9 an   
am\nt diff]5t = ea* k9d ( matt]1 9 all  
^! *anges ( condition1 heat is transmut$
 to =ce or =ce to heat4  ,^!            
transmutations are go+ on ceaselessly 9 
! op]ations ( ,nature1 & )\t und]/&+ !m 
we _c appreciate ! wond]ful op]ations ( 
heat 9 ! _w4 ,! heat ( ! sun beams ^u ! 
ocean2 ! great] "p ( t heat is exp5d$ z 
=ce 9 ov]com+ ! molecul> attraction (   
wat]1 ?us conv]t+ x to vapor1 & 9 rais+ 
t vapor to ! high] regions ( !          
atmosph]e4 ,?is heat-=ce1 or1 z we might
 call x1 'sunp[]1' exp5d$ ^u ! e>?1     
am\nts to ?\s&s ( millions ( horse-p[]  

daily4   ,illu/ration3 ,,transmutation (
 ,,heat4  ,page #aac4   ,examples ( !   
transmutation ( =ce into heat ab\nd     
ev]y:]e4 ,a boy /rikes 8 heel ^u ! /one 
pavem5t2 f ! po9t ( contact betwe5 !    
/one & ! /eel po9ts 9 8 boot heel sp>ks 
( fire fly out4 ,=ce is *ang$ to heat s 
int5se t p>ticles ( /eel are set on     
fire4 ,savages :o h no bett] me?ods (   
k9dl+ fire rub dry wood toge!r till !   
/icks ignite4 ,! =ce exp5d$ 9 ov]com+ ! 
friction is *ang$ to heat4 ,9 !         
combu/ion ( coal b5ea? ! /eam boil] we  
see bo? processes go+ on4 ,! atoms (    
c>bon da% aga9/ ! atoms ( oxyg51 & ! =ce
 ( ! collision g5]ates ! heat ( !       
combu/ion4 ,?is heat1 born ?us ( =ce1 is
 aga9 transmut$ to =ce1 & drives ! eng9e
 & ! ma*9]y atta*$4 ,9 our /udy ( ,god's
 managem5t ( heat we %all con/antly meet
 ) ^! *anges4 ,y w ne$1 !re=e1 to /udy  
c>efully ?is subject ( lat5t heat4  ,dr4
 ,j\le1 ( ,man*e/]1 ,engl&1 has discov]$
 ! ratio betwe5 heat & =ce1 t is1 !     
am\nt ( =ce :i* by transmutation        

produces any giv5 am\nt ( heat4 ,! =ce (
 a "o-p\nd weight :i* has fall5 "o foot 
is tak5 z ! unit ( =ce1 & ! am\nt ( heat
 :i* is requir$ to raise "o p\nd ( wat] 
"o degree is tak5 z ! unit ( heat4 ,by  
_m & v>i\s c>eful exp]im5ts1 ,dr4 ,j\le 
demon/rat$ t #ggb units ( =ce are !     
equival5t ( "o unit ( heat4 ,a p\nd     
weight fall+ #ggb feet1 or #ggb p\nds   
fall+ "o foot1 & !n arre/$1 produces    
heat suffici5t to raise "o p\nd ( wat]  
"o degree4 ,! result is ! same :atev] ! 
me?od by :i* ! =ce is exp5d$4 ,if wat]  
be agitat$ or %ak51 if /icks ( wood or  
iron plates be rubb$ toge!r1 if an anvil
 be /ruck ) a hamm]1 or if a b> ( iron  
or copp] be mov$ back & =? betwe5 !     
poles ( an electromagnet1 ! =ce exp5d$  
is *ang$ to heat4 ,y mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1
 t =ce becomes heat only s f> z ! =ce is
 actually exp5d$1 or us$ up s t x no    
long] exi/s z =ce4  ,^! conclusions are 
support$ by o!r beautiful exp]im5ts4    
',an electric curr5t :i*1 by resi/ance 9
 pass+ ?r\gh an imp]fect conductor1     

produces heat suffici5t to raise "o p\nd
 ( wat] "o degree1 sets free an am\nt ( 
hydrog5 :i*1 :5 burn$1 raises exactly "o
 p\nd ( wat] "o degree4 ,aga91 ! same   
am\nt ( electricity w produce an        
attractive magnetic =ce by :i* a weight 
( #ggb p\nds may be rais$ "o foot       
high4'--,y\mans4 ,we conclude f         
exp]im5ts l ^! t heat1 me*anical =ce1 & 
electricity are int]*angeable =ces2 !y  
may be transmut$ ! "o into ano!r4  ,by  
?is pr9ciple ( ! transmutation ( heat & 
me*anical =ce we expla9 ! production (  
heat by compression & ! loss ( heat by  
expansion4 ,samuel1 y may /ate ! fact ^u
 ?is po9t4  ,if any sub/ance be sudd5ly 
compress$1 answ]$ ,samuel1 heat appe>s2 
if x be exp&$1 cold is produc$4 ,s9ce   
gases exp& or yield to pressure s       
readily1 !y furni% ! be/ illu/ration (  
?is pr9ciple4  ,! sudd5ness ( !         
compression or expansion1 said ,mr4     
,wilton1 is a matt] ( no consequ5ce4 ,! 
effect is ! same :e!r ! op]ation be     
sudd5 or sl[1 b if ! compression or     

expansion be sl[1 ! heat or cold g5]at$ 
is less app>5t2 ! heat is dissipat$ z   
fa/ z produc$ & ! cold] gas is w>m$ by !
 vessel :i* conta9s x4 ,ansel1 h[ %all  
we expla9 ?is8  ,i _c expla9 x1 sir4  ,!
 explanation is v simple1 said ,mr4     
,wilton4 ,me*anical =ce is employ$ 9 !  
compression ( ! gas2 ! =ce is exp5d$ &  
us$ up ^u ! gas1 & appe>s aga9 9 ! =m ( 
atomic heat motion4 ,9 ! expansion (    
gases ! op]ation is j ! rev]se2 ! atomic
 heat motion is exp5d$ 9 produc+        
expansion1 & h5ce disappe>s z heat4 ,!  
g5]al pr9ciple is t no =ce c be exp5d$ 9
 two ways at ! same "t4  ,"o o!r po9t we
 mu/ notice to-day1 t is1 specific heat4
 ,:at is und]/ood1 ,ansel1 by ?is t]m1  
specific heat8  ,! relative am\nt ( heat
 :i* diff]5t sub/ances require to raise 
_! temp]ature ?r\gh any giv5 numb] (    
degrees4  ,t is "r4 ,i ?9k t y all mu/ h
 notic$ t x requires mu* m heat to raise
 ! temp]ature ( "s bodies ?an o!rs4 ,:at
 an am\nt ( heat is requir$ to raise !  
temp]ature ( wat]6 ,t heat :i* w raise  

"o p\nd ( wat] "o degree w cause an     
equal increase ( temp]ature 9 five p\nds
 ( sulphur1 or f\r p\nds ( air1 or n9e  
p\nds ( iron1 or elev5 p\nds ( copp]1 or
 ?irty p\nds ( m]cury1 lead1 or gold4   
,?is is :at is meant by say+ t "o       
sub/ance has a great] capacity = heat   
?an ano!r4 ,! specific heat ( wat] is   
great] ?an t ( any o!r kn[n sub/ance    
except hydrog5 gas4 ,?is fact1 tak5 9   
connection ) its great specific lat5t   
heat & its poor conduct+ qualities1     
r5d]s x exce$+ly important 9 regulat+   
climate & mod]at+ extremes ( temp]ature2
 ( ?is y w be rem9d$ v (t5 z our lessons
 g on4  ,no law or pr9ciple det]m9+ !   
specific heat ( ! v>i\s elem5ts &       
expla9+ ! diff]5t capacities = heat has 
z yet be5 discov]$4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t
 specific heat dep5ds ^u ! numb] (      
atoms1 t x holds an inv]se ratio to _!  
comb9+ numb]s1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 a  
direct ratio to ! numb] ( atoms4 ,?is   
w\ld h>monize well ) ! dynamic !ory (   
heat1 b ! h>mony betwe5 ! specific heat 

( sub/ances & ! numb] ( atoms is n      
suffici5tly uni=m to e/abli% ?is        
supposition4  ,?is completes our review 
( fir/ pr9ciples4 ,i hope t ?is n v     
ent]ta9+ review ( y\r academic /udies   
has n we>i$ y ( ! v ^w heat & worn out  
y\r int]e/ 9 exam9+ ,god's managem5t (  
heat be=e mak+ a beg9n+4  ,i ?9k1 said  
,samuel1 t we are n 9 ! habit ( becom+  
disgu/$ ) our /udies4  ,y may expect1   
cont9u$ ,mr4 ,wilton1 if ! pa/ has be5  
int]e/+ to y1 t ! lessons to come w     
prove m int]e/+ /ill4 ,next week we %all
 consid] ! abundant provision :i* !     
,creator has made = w>m+ ! e>?4  ,& let 
me say to y1 pati5t read]1 t if ,i _h   
kn[n t y 7 z famili> ) ! laws &         
pr9ciples ( heat z ,ansel1 ,pet]1 &     
,samuel seem to h be51 ?is & ! prece$+  
*apt] w\ld n h be5 writt54 ,h[ev] dull  
?is review may h seem$ to y1 x 0 ne$ful1
 p]haps1 = o!rs1 t !y might und]/& !    
wond]ful works ( ,god :i* we %all n[    
proce$ to exam9e4 ,&1 read]1 d n =get t 
heat itself1 t subtle motion & mighty   

=ce1 ) all its laws & pr9ciples1 is "o (
 ,god's works4 ,already h we be5 look+  
at ! ,creator's h&iwork4 ,already h we  
be5 try+ to trace out ! ?\ghts ( ,god z 
!y are writt5 9 ! ,bible ( ,nature4 ,!  
?\ghts ( ,god are great & wond]ful4 ,x  
has be5 useful & int]e/+ to read ?us f> 
9 ?is book writt5 ) ! f+] ( ! ,creator (
 worlds & ( man1 ev5 if we turn n ano!r 
page4     ,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,,managem5t ,,&
 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,heat4   ,:ile ! lessons 
:i* h be5 report$ 7 go+ on1 ! religi\s  
int]e/ 9 ! *ur* 0 deep5+4 ,mr4 ,wilton  
did n cease to make 8 s]mons in/ructive1
 b1 9 addition to ! in/ruction1 he made 
!m m & m pung5t & p]suasive4 ,he aim$ to
 ga!r up ! impressions & convictions    
already wr\ght 9 ! m9ds ( 8 he>]s &     
comb9e !m = unit$ & imm$iate effect4 ,he
 believ$ t ?is 0 to be a reap+-"t4  ,mr4
 ,hume 0 becom+ int]e/$1 n because he _h
 be5 at *ur*1 = he _h n be5 !re1 b !    
,holy ,_s ( ,god 0 work+ ^u 8 he>t4 ,he 
0 becom+ uneasy 9 8 unbelief4 ,= "s     
reason1 he knew n :y1 8 op9ions 7 becom+

 m & m unsettl$4 ,he did n l to g to !  
h\se ( ,god2 8 self-w & pride (         
consi/5cy rebell$ aga9/ ! ?\ght ( he>+ &
 believ+ ! gospel2 b he 0 re/less &     
discont5t$ away f ! place ( wor%ip4 ,8  
associations ) 8 infidel comrades grew  
di/a/eful4 ,8 ,sundays 7 days ( di/ress3
 ) 8 att5tion reliev$ f bus9ess c>es1   
?\ghts ( ,god & et]nity press$ ^u him1 &
 he c\ld n escape !m4 ,at l5g? he       
det]m9$ to g & he> ,mr4 ,wilton aga93   
p]haps he %\ld he> some?+ :i* he c\ld s 
positively reject z to set 8 m9d at re/4
 ,he w5t1 accord+ly1 ! next ,"l's ,day1 
& he>d a v impressive s]mon4  ,! text = 
! =5oon 0 ,ps4 lxvi4 #e3 ,come & see !  
works ( ,god3 he is t]rible 9 8 do+ t[>d
 ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,! s]mon gave fir/ a    
brief & rapid review ( "s /rik+ displays
 ( ,god's displeasure at ! s9s ( m53 t  
anci5t _w ( m5 ^: ?\ghts 7 only evil    
cont9ually he ov]:elm$ ) ! flood2 he    
burn$ ) fire f heav5 ,sodom & ,gomorrah1
 ,zeboim & ,admah1 ^? lascivi\s & fe/]+ 
cities ( ! pla92 he s5t 8 tortur+ &     

consum+ plagues ^u ! ,egyptians1 & sunk 
! army ( ,ph>oah l a /one 9 ! deep wat]s
 ( ! ,r$ ,sea3 !y sank z lead 9 ! mighty
 wat]s2 he caus$ ! e>? to op5 & receive 
,korah & 8 adh]5ts1 & bade 8 angel 9 "o 
night to t\* ) dea? ! ?\s&s (           
,s5na*]ib's army4 ,?is record ( div9e   
wra? aga9/ evil-do]s has />tl$ !        
consci5ces ( wick$ m51 & w cont9ue to   
/>tle !m s long z ! ungodly live ^u !   
e>?4 ,x is easy = unbeliev]s to call !  
^w ( ,god a record ( fabul\s wond]s1 b t
 record lives & w live1 & its words     
ass]t _! div9ity by t\*+ & burn+ !      
consci5ces ( m5 z if !y 7 tongues (     
fire4  ,b to ! ?\ghtful man1 said ,mr4  
,wilton1 !re is a manife/ation ( ,god's 
displeasure at s9 ev5 m impressive ?an  
^! miracul\s judgm5ts4 ,! ,creator has  
built 8 wra? aga9/ s9 into ! v fabric ( 
! univ]se2 he has writt5 x ^u ! v atoms 
& elem5ts ( matt] & ( m9d1 & grav$ x ^u 
! 'nature ( ?+s4' ,! =ces ( ,nature are 
all in/9ct ) holy wra? aga9/ ungodl9ess4
 ,evil do+ works out evil consequ5ces by

 ! regul> c\rse ( nature4 ,babylon1     
,n9eveh1 & ,tyre 7 great & prosp]\s1 & z
 mighty 9 wick$ness z 9 comm]ce & w>4 ,9
 ! height ( _! prosp]ity ,god d5\nc$ ^u 
!m disa/] & desolation1 & by ! natural  
processes ( evil _! decay & de/ruction  
came ^u !m4 ,no miracle broke ! h>mony (
 _! mighty m>* to decay & ! sil5ce (    
dea?4 ,great nations h p]i%$1 b n till  
!y became corrupt4 ,rome fell1 b luxury 
fir/ g5d]$ luxuriant vices1 & vices     
en]vat$ h] h>dihood & und]m9$ ! def5ces 
( h] c\rage4 ,no righte\s nation ev]    
p]i%$4 ,no nation ev] fell into decay   
till ripe 9 s9 & ready = moral          
putrefaction4 ,b aga9/ wick$ & corrupt  
nations w>s & desolations are det]m9$1 &
 ! end !re( is ) a flood4 ,! v =ces (   
,nature seem alli$ 9 firm compact ) !   
laws ( ,god1 ready ) resi/less h& to    
av5ge _! transgression & to visit evil  
^u evil-do]s4 ,?is /eady m>* ( all !    
=ces ( ! _w 9 br++ decay & wret*$ness ^u
 s9n]s is m impressive ?an any s+le     
desultory example ( av5g+ wra?4  ,b     

p]haps an unbeliev] replies1 ',n s2 !re 
is a natural law ( developm5t1 decay1 & 
dea?1 ap>t f s94 ,trees gr[ up1 become  
old1 & die4 ,m5 pass f *ildhood up to   
manhood1 & f manhood d[n to second      
*ildhood1 & return to ! du/ :5ce !y     
came4 ,by a l pr9ciple1 nations pass    
?r\gh simil> *anges ( developm5t1 decay1
 & desolation4 ,b 9 all ?is !re is no   
manife/ation ( div9e favor or disfavor4'
  ,?is is n>r[ & false reason+4 ,if a   
s+le great city _h become corrupt :ile  
all ! _w beside rema9$ righte\s1 & ,god 
_h d5\nc$ 8 displeasure ^u x & _h       
execut$ 8 wra? by sudd5 & trem5d\s      
judgm5t1 t "o city /&+ out 9 s+le &     
solit>y ungodl9ess & desolation1 :o w\ld
 d5y1 :o c\ld d5y1 t ! fate ( t unhappy 
city 0 a manife/ation ( div9e           
displeasure8 ,if a second example 7 made
 ( a second ungodly city1 w\ld !        
expression ( div9e wra? be weak5$8 ,nay2
 e man w\ld say t x is made /rong]4 ,:at
 if a ?ird example be made ( a ?ird     
city8 ,:at if e wick$ city is made an   

example8 ,:at if ,god embody 8          
displeasure at evil-do+ 9 ! /ructure ( !
 _w1 & give to ! v atoms ( matt] & !    
elem5ts ( m9d su* natures t by ! work+ (
 _! own prop] =ces1 )\t a miracle1 !y   
%all br+ pa9 & evil1 decay & dea?1 ^u ! 
ungodly8 ,:at is ?is b writ+ 8 wra?     
aga9/ s9 ^u ! e>? & sky1 ^u matt] & !   
consci5ces ( m51 decl>+ by ?is t till ! 
heav5s & ! e>? & ! spirits ( m5 be no m 
he w nev] )draw 8 indignation8 ,?is is  
:at ,god has done4 ,! wick$ man sets 9  
motion ! ma*9]y :i* works out 8 own     
ev]la/+ undo+4 ,8 own h& s[s ! se$s (   
dea?1 & z ^? se$s g]m9ate !y /rike _!   
roots into 8 corruptions & draw _!      
n\ri%m5t f 8 evil life4 ,?us d s9n]s g  
on 'treasur+ up wra? aga9/ ! day ( wra? 
& revelation ( ! righte\s judgm5ts (    
,god4'  ,b rememb] t ,god has n left !  
_w 9 ^! lat] ages )\t ! te/imony (      
wra?ful judgm5ts :i* ought to />tle &   
al>m ! consci5ces ( ! wick$ l ! fires ( 
,sodom4 ,let me give y :at ,i suppose to
 be a true record ( ! fate :i* befell a 

b& ( bold blasphem]s4 ,9 t upris+ (     
infidelity :i* took place ne> ! close ( 
! la/ c5tury !re 0 =m$ at ,newburg1 ,n4 
,y41 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a man kn[n z    
',bl9d ,palm]1' an association (        
infidels "u ! "n ( ! ,druidical         
,society4 ,! object ( ! society 0 to    
uproot & de/roy reveal$ religion4 ,9    
pursuit ( ?is object !y desc5d$ to ! mo/
 blasphem\s mock]y4 ,at "o ( _! meet+s  
!y burn$ ! ,bible1 baptiz$ a cat1 p>took
 ( ! bread & w9e z appo9t$ = ! ord9ance 
( ! ,"l's ,supp]1 & gave ! elem5ts to a 
dog4 ,!n ! wra? ( ,god broke out ^u !m4 
',on ! ev5+ ( t v day he :o _h adm9i/]$ 
! mock sacram5t 0 attack$ ) a viol5t    
inflammatory disease2 8 inflam$ eyeballs
 7 protrud$ f _! sockets2 8 tongue 0    
swoll51 & he di$ be=e morn+ 9 great     
bodily & m5tal agony4 ,dr4 ,h----1 ano!r
 ( ! same p>ty1 0 f\nd dead 9 8 b$ !    
next morn+4 ,d---- ,d----1 a pr9t] :o 0 
pres5t1 ?ree days aft] fell 9 a fit1 &  
di$ imm$iately4 ,9 a few days ?ree o!rs 
7 dr[n$4 ,)9 five ye>s f ! "t !         

,druidical ,society 0 organiz$ all !    
?irty-six orig9al memb]s--actors 9 !    
blasphem\s c]emonies spok5 (--di$ 9 "s  
/range or unnatural mann]4 ,two 7 />v$  
to dea?1 sev5 7 dr[n$1 eight 7 %ot1 five
 committ$ suicide1 sev5 di$ on ! gall[s1
 "o 0 froz5 to dea?1 & ?ree di$1 !      
record says1 accid5tally4' ,be sure (   
?is3 ,god has n left ! _w nor =gott5 8  
judgm5ts aga9/ 8 enemies1 nei!r is he   
ti$ up & hamp]$ by ! laws ( ,nature4    
',god is angry ) ! wick$ e day4 ,if he  
turn n1 he w :et 8 sword3 he ha? b5t 8  
b[ & made x ready4 ,he ha? also prep>$ =
 him ! in/rum5ts ( dea?4'  ,b rememb]1  
also1 t ,god does n limit 8 expression (
 wra? to ^! natural ag5cies4 ,! smile ( 
,god beams direct ^u ! s\l z ! w>m rays 
( ! sun fall ^u ! cold e>?1 & ! fr[n (  
,god ?r[s a %ad[ :i* d>k5s ! s\l ) !    
gloom ( et]nal dea?4  ,?is disc\rse     
/irr$ ! m9d ( ,mr4 ,hume 9 a wond]ful   
mann]4 ,! /ory ( ,god's judgm5ts ^u     
wick$ m5 & dissolute cities he _h read  
_m a "t 9 8 boyhood1 b ! rapid review ( 

!m by ,mr4 ,wilton seem$ to br+ !m up ) 
a lifelike vividness4 ,& t view ( ! =ces
 ( ,nature1 z alli$ ) ! moral laws (    
,god to "w out wra? ^u evil-do]s1 0 new 
to him1 b 8 own m9d quick z ?\ght       
sugge/$ _m m illu/rations ?an ,mr4      
,wilton _h "t to give4 ,he rememb]$ t   
all mann] ( vices--drunk5ness1 lu/1     
devotion to gay1 s5sual pleasures--br+  
ru9 to m54 ,he _h notic$ t ! sadde/     
faces are ^? ( worn-out lov]s (         
pleasure1 & he knew t lov]s ( pleasure  
are v quickly worn out--t five ye>s (   
s5suality w wa/e ! p[]s ( life m ?an    
fifty ye>s ( good "w4 ,he knew also t   
infidels & blasphem]s1 :atev] else !y   
might be1 7 unhappy m51 & di$ joyless1  
=ebod+ dea?s4 ,he 0 n exactly angry1 b 8
 he>t rebell$ aga9/ ?us be+ held by !   
mighty p[] ( ,god1 will+ or unwill+1 &  
aga9/ ! ?\ght t ev5 ,nature h]self _h   
conspir$ aga9/ him4 ,x seem$ to him h>d 
t he 0 born into su* a _w1 & t !re 0 no 
escape f x4 ,he did n consid] at ! mom5t
 t ,god & 8 works 7 aga9/ him only      

because he 0 aga9/ ,god1 & t by submitt+
 to ,god 9 lov+ ob$i5ce all ! =ces (    
,god's _w & ,god's provid5tial gov]nm5t 
w\ld turn 9 8 favor--t all ?+s "w toge!r
 = good to !m t love ,god4  ,at l5g?    
bett] ?\ghts came to him4 ,i mu/ "k1 he 
said to himself1 :e!r ^! ?+s are s4 ,i h
 nev] exam9$ ! subject to discov] !     
tru?1 b h tri$ to f9d reasons =         
disbeliev+ ! ,bible & d5y+ ! gospel4 ,i 
ought to look at ! o!r side4 ,if ,nature
 & ,nature's ,god h bless+s 9 /ore = !  
will+ & ! ob$i5t1 :y %\ld n ,i "k ?is & 
receive my %>e8  ,"u ! impulse ( ?\ghts 
l ^! he =m$ ! sudd5 resolution to jo9   
,mr4 ,wilton's ,bible class--t is1 if he
 w\ld receive him will+ly1 ( :i* he _h  
no small d\bt4 ,com+ directly =w>d at ! 
prop] "t1 he said to ,mr4 ,wilton3  ,i h
 le>n$ :at y\r class is /udy+1 & %\ld l1
 ,i h>dly "k :y1 to jo9 y\r class = a   
few ,sundays1 if y are entirely will+4  
,mr4 ,wilton1 ( c\rse1 did n "k ! exact 
/ate ( ,mr4 ,hume's m9d2 he did n "k b t
 he came ) a cont5ti\s _s to br+ up     

objections & propose h>d que/ions2 b he 
felt c]ta9 t1 :atev] 8 /ate ( m9d1 ! ,_s
 ( ,god 0 br++ him to take ?is /ep4 ,he 
_h pray$ = him2 9 pray] 8 s\l _h        
travail$ 9 pa9 = him2 & he felt t by way
 ( ! ?rone ( grace he _h obta9$ a hold  
^u ,mr4 ,hume--t ! ,holy ,_s _h b\nd a  
cord betwe5 !m :i* c\ld n be brok54 ,he 
believ$1 !re=e1 t1 :e!r he came p5it5t  
or angry1 good w\ld result f 8 com+4 ,he
 gave him1 !re=e1 a he>ty welcome4  ,i  
am n only will+1 he said1 b v glad1 to h
 y come2 & z ,i "k t y h kept y\rself   
in=m$ ( ! late/ phases ( mod]n sci5ce1  
,i hope we %all h y\r help 9 unfold+ !  
subject :i* we are engag$ 9 /udy+4 ,i   
?9k y w be able to d u good4  ,y\r k9d  
welcome ought c]ta9ly to incl9e me to d 
any?+ :i* ,i c to help ! int]e/ ( y\r   
/udy1 b ,i only ask ! privilege ( sitt+ 
) y\r class z a sil5t li/5]4  ,!        
,sunday-s*ool op5$ z usual1 & ! classes 
ent]$ ^u _! "w4  ,y h come 91 ,mr4      
,hume1 at j ! prop] po9t 9 ! progress ( 
our lessons1 said ,mr4 ,wilton4 ,we h   

be5 prep>+ ! way by a brief review ( !  
laws ( heat4 ,we h gone ov] ! effects ( 
heat2 ! conduction1 radiation1 &        
convection ( heat2 !rmal reflection1    
absorption1 & transmission2 specific &  
lat5t heat4 ,we h tri$ to =m a          
conception ( ! exi/5ce & op]ations (    
heat accord+ to ! dynamic !ory t heat is
 a mode ( atomic motion4 ,?is review    
w\ld h _h little int]e/ to y4 ,we are n[
 prep>$ to look at ! goodness & wisdom (
 ,god 9 ! managem5t ( heat4 ,we are n   
try+ to prove ! exi/5ce ( a ,creator &  
,gov]nor--we are only look+ at ! mighty 
& wise works ( t ,god 9 :om we already  
believe4 ,we %all f9d ! works ( ,god    
plann$ & wr\ght out ) wondr\s skill1 & t
 wond]ful skill is employ$ 9 ! int]e/ ( 
goodness4 ,god has plann$ & wr\ght = !  
b5efit ( 8 creatures4 ,8 wisdom &       
goodness are exhibit$ on ! gr&e/ scale &
 9 gigantic proportions4 ,?is is all t  
is ne$$ practically to demon/rate !     
exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,a good consci5ce does !
 re/4 ,be+ once assur$ t !re is a       

,creator1 a good consci5ce leaps to !   
conclusion t we ought to obey & s]ve    
him4 ,nay1 ! v "w & exi/5ce ( a         
consci5ce implies a div9e ,lawgiv] &    
,rul]4 ,to a good consci5ce a ,god is a 
necessity4 ,b z we are n n[ attempt+ to 
%[ t !re is a ,god1 b to /udy 8 works1  
we w pass ?is po9t4  ,) respect to !    
subject be=e u1 let u fir/ notice t heat
 is a necessity to ! _w & to man1 & t   
,god has made ample provision = t ne$4  
,:at ! condition ( ! _w w\ld be )\t heat
 we c only conjecture4 ,9 ! pol> regions
 a natural temp]ature ( sev5ty degrees  
bel[ z]o has be5 obs]v$4 ,at ?is        
temp]ature all ! wat] ^u ! globe w\ld   
turn to ice h>d z adamant2 all          
vegetation w\ld cease1 & ) !            
disappe>ance ( vegetable life all animal
 life mu/ p]i%4 ,! :ole e>? w\ld be a   
froz51 lifeless1 sil5t wa/e 9 ! mid/ (  
sil5t space4 ,"s l9es 9 ,byron's picture
 ( univ]sal d>kness w\ld fitly describe 
! /ate ( ! _w3      ',! waves are dead1 
! tides are 9 _! grave1     ,! w9ds are 

)]$ 9 ! /agnant air1     ,& ! cl\ds are 
p]i%$4'  ,?is description w\ld be no    
figure1 = motion z well z life dep5ds ^u
 heat4 ,yet sev5ty degrees bel[ z]o is b
 ! beg9n+ ( cold4 ',by mix+ liquid      
protoxide ( nitrog5 ) bisulphate ( c>bon
 9 a vacuum1 ,m4 ,natt]] produc$ a      
temp]ature ( two hundr$ & tw5ty degrees 
bel[ z]o4' ,at ?is temp]ature "s ( !    
s-call$ p]man5t gases--z c>bonic acid1  
*lor9e1 & ammonia--c be compress$ into  
liquids1 & x is believ$ t 9 ! complete  
abs5ce ( all heat all ! gases w\ld      
become solids4 ,b by ! ag5cy ( heat ! _w
 teems ) active life4 ,vegetation clo!s 
! e>? ) a g>m5t ( beauty2 & e>?1 air1 & 
sea sw>m ) liv+ creatures full (        
enjoym5t4 ,?is great ne$ ( ! _w is      
b\ntifully suppli$4 ,! p[] & wisdom (   
,god are employ$ 9 produc+ happ9ess4    
,?is1 h[ev]1 is b a "p ( ! b5efit :i*   
heat conf]s ^u ! _w4 ,! *ief inhabitant 
( ! e>? is man1 & man 0 creat$ = some?+ 
high] ?an b>e exi/5ce4 ,he 0 creat$ =   
civilization & culture4 ,! savage /ate  

is n1 z "s self-/yl$ philosoph]s dream1 
! natural /ate ( man4 ,no?+ is s mu*    
aga9/ ,nature4 ,! natural /ate is t     
condition 9 :i* he atta9s ! fulle/      
developm5t4 ,let a brute be plac$ 9 s   
unfavorable conditions t 8 gr[? is dw>f$
 & 8 natural in/9cts are n call$ into   
ex]cise1 & no "o w\ld look ^u t z a     
natural /ate4 ,b man1 wild1 uncultur$1  
undevelop$1 is spok5 ( z be+ 9 8 natural
 /ate4 ,!re c\ld be no great] mi/ake4   
,culture & civilization are accord+ to  
,nature1 b culture & civilization       
require t man %\ld get ! ma/]y ( ,nature
 & subdue h] =ces4 ,till man gets !     
victory ov] ! =ces ( ?is r\gh _w1 he    
sp5ds a prec>i\s exi/5ce 9 a h>d /ruggle
 to ga9 a meagre support = 8 animal     
life4 ,b :5 once sci5ce br+s art1 & !   
ma/]y ( ,nature is ga9$1 man c rise into
 culture & beauty4 ,opportunity is giv5 
= developm5t4 ,he blossoms into         
greatness & /r5g?4 ,ideal & spiritual   
ends take ! place ( m]e subsi/5ce4  ,b  
by :at ag5cy does man a*ieve ! ma/]y (  

,nature8 ,by ! ag5cy ( heat4 ,by ! aid (
 heat man subdues ! _w4 ,heat br+s !    
lu/r\s metal f its native ore2 heat     
fa%ions ! metal into a ?\s& %apes = !   
use ( m52 heat reigns z k+ 9 ! curi\s   
processes ( ! *emi/'s laboratory1 & !   
laboratory is ! "m ( all ^? mod]n arts  
:i* bless & beautify human life4 ,by    
heat man prep>es 8 food2 by heat he     
drives 8 ma*9]y2 by heat he out/rips !  
flight ( ! w9ds2 by heat he turns w9t]  
into summ] & 9 8 own dwell+ makes =     
himself a p]petual spr+time4 ,= ^!      
purposes ( human com=t & culture1 ,god  
has provid$ g5]\s /ores ( heat & plac$  
!m "u man's control4 ,he has plac$ 9    
man's h&s ! means by :i* he c g5]ate a  
heat :i* dev\rs ! h>de/ metals l /ubble 
& a cold great] by f> ?an ,nature ev]   
produces4 ,we see t ! ,creator has      
provid$ = man z a be+ susceptible (     
culture & developm5t1 z a be+ ( s\l &   
s5tim5t1 ( _s & aspiration4 ,god has    
fitt$ ! _w to be ! dwell+-place (       
spiritual be+s l man4  ,i beg y\r p>don1

 said ,mr4 ,hume at ?is po9t1 t ! fir/  
^w ,i speak 9 y\r class %\ld be a "q :i*
 am\nts to an objection4  ,i %all be    
glad1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 to he> y\r "q1 
ev5 ?\gh x be an objection4 ,i w also   
answ] x if ,i c4  ,i wi%$ to ask :y x   
is1 if ,god design$ to provide = man's  
wants1 t man c supply 8 wants1          
especially 8 high] wants--! wants ( 8   
intellectual & spiritual nature--only ) 
! greate/ difficulty & toil8 ,! brutes  
supply _! ne$ ) comp>ative ease1 b man )
 b\ndless ?\ght & labor4  ,y\r "q is an 
important "o1 & des]ves an answ]4 ,=    
myself1 ,i look ^u ! fact to :i* y ref] 
z "o ( ! _m po9ts 9 :i* ?is _w is adapt$
 to human ne$s4 ,man is put 9 a         
condition :i* requires b\ndless ?\ght & 
toil = ! supply ( 8 high] wants j       
because he possesses a nobl] nature &   
su* ?\ght & ex]tion are ne$$ = its      
developm5t4 ,:i* is ! m desirable       
condition = a "y man to be plac$ 9--"o 9
 :i* 8 e wi% is anticipat$ & 8 e        
aspiration is gratifi$ )\t ex]tion on 8 

own "p1 or "o 9 :i* opportunity & means 
are furni%$ = self-help1 "o 9 :i* he c  
supply 8 wants & satisfy 8 aspirations  
only by ! ex]cise ( 8 be/ abilities8    
,:i* w enc\rage ! l>g] manl9ess &       
nurture ! high] culture & /r5g?8 ,he :o 
has no ne$ = ex]tion rises at be/ only  
to a s(t & feeble luxury1 )\t m5tal     
vigor or moral =ce4 ,:at does man ne$   
besides scope & rew>d = ex]tion8 ,ef=t &
 /ruggle are necessities ( our nature4  
,?is is especially true ( man's high]   
faculties4 ,human greatness & goodness  
are n creat$ by a ^w3 !y mu/ be develop$
 by ex]tion4 ,= ?is reason ,god has made
 ex]tion necess>y1 & z mu* m necess>y ) 
man ?an ) ! brutes z 8 culture is m !   
result ( volunt>y1 intellig5t ex]tion4  
,does ?is explanation seem to y         
satisfactory1 ,mr4 ,hume8  ,i h no fault
 to f9d ) x2 ,i mu/ ?9k ( x4  ,v well1  
!n2 if no o!r "o has a "q to ask1 we w  
look at ano!r subject4 ,we w survey !   
/oreh\ses ( heat :i* ,god has prep>$ =  
w>m+ ! e>?4 ,samuel1 y may "n ! fir/    

great s\rce ( heat4  ,i ?9k1 sir1 t !   
sun is ! *ief s\rce ( heat4  ,we c]ta9ly
 receive ! l>g] "p ( our heat f ! sun4  
,no "o c d\bt ?is4 ,s mu* ( our heat    
comes f ! sun t ! temp]ature ( ! e>?    
v>ies accord+ to ! sun's heat1 z if t 7 
! only supply4 ,if b a fleecy cl\d pass 
betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?1 we feel a decid$  
*ange ( temp]ature4 ,a few h\rs less (  
sun%9e ea* day1 & a few degrees m (     
incl9ation to ! sun's rays1 *ange summ] 
to w9t] & make ! diff]5ce betwe5 !      
torrid & ! frigid zones4 ,)draw ! heat (
 ! sun altoge!r1 & ! :ole _w w\ld become
 a des]t ( froz5 dea?4  ,:at is ! cause 
( ! sun's heat8 ask$ ,pet]4  ,y h ask$ a
 "q :i* ,i _c answ]1 & :i* no man c     
answ]4 ,! mo/ c>eful & pati5t           
obs]vations h be5 made to discov] if    
possible ! con/itution ( ! sun2 le>n$ & 
curi\s conjectures h be5 br\ght =w>d to 
expla9 ! s\rce ( its heat2 b ! positive 
results h n be5 v l>ge4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! 
sun is a globe revolv+ ^u its axis 9 a  
p]iod ( tw5ty-five days1 n9e h\rs1 &    

?irty-six m9utes4 ,?is is kn[n by !     
motion ( d>k spots ^u its surface4 ,!   
appe>ance ( ! sun z se5 ?r\gh a         
telescope is t ( a globe ( fire1 its    
surface (t5 9 a /ate ( viol5t agitation 
& fleck$ "h & !re ) d>k1 irregul>1      
*angeable spots4 ,^! spots are sometimes
 ( enorm\s dim5sions--?irty ?\s& or     
fifty ?\s& miles 9 diamet]4 ,!y pres5t a
 d>k c5tre ) a n>r[ bord] or p5umbra (  
light] %ade4 ,to acc\nt = ^! spots1 x   
has be5 conjectur$ t ! body ( ! sun is  
d>k1 b surr\nd$ by a d\ble envelope (   
cl\ds1 ! out] lay] ( :i* is int5sely    
lum9\s4 ,op5+s 9 su* envelop+ cl\ds w\ld
 pres5t an appe>ance l ! spots ^u ! sun4
 ,accord+ to ?is supposition1 ! heat &  
light ( ! sun proce$1 n f ! body ( !    
sun1 b f ?is lum9\s envelop+ cl\d4 ,b   
grant+ t ?is supposition is true1 x     
gives no explanation ( ! orig9 ( ! sun's
 heat4 ,laplace conjectur$ t ! sun is a 
globe ( fire 9 a /ate ( viol5t1         
explosive conflagration1 & t ! spots are
 enorm\s crat]-l cav]ns 9 its surface4  

,newton conjectur$ t comets fall+ into !
 sun & be+ consum$ fe$ ! sol> fires &   
ma9ta9 its temp]ature4 ,! reception ( ! 
dynamic !ory ( heat has l$ to ! revival1
 9 a modifi$ =m1 ( ?is conjecture (     
,newton4 ,x is sugge/$ t meteors or     
meteoric matt] fall+ into ! sun g5]ates 
its heat by ! =ce ( concussion4 ,to %[ t
 ! int5se heat ( ! sun might be ?us     
g5]at$1 elaborate calculations h be5    
made4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ t if ! sun 7
 a solid mass ( an?racite coal1 its     
combu/ion w\ld ma9ta9 its heat at its   
pres5t rate ( emission only five ?\s&   
ye>s1 :ile ! fall+ ( ! planet ,jupit]   
into ! sun w\ld g5]ate an equal am\nt ( 
heat = ?irty-five ?\s& ye>s4 ,a lump (  
coal fall+ f ! e>? to ! sun w\ld produce
 ?ree ?\s& times m heat by ! concussion 
?an by its combu/ion4  ,! ne>e/ approa* 
t has be5 made1 ( an exact & sci5tific  
k9d1 t[>d det]m9+ ! con/itution ( !     
sun's surface has result$ f an          
exam9ation ( ! sol> spectrum4 ,a ray (  
light1 by pass+ ?r\gh a triangul> prism 

( glass1 is1 z y "k1 divid$ into its    
elem5ts1 or con/itu5t colors4 ,! ray (  
light is spread out l a half-op5 fan4   
,?is divid$ & exp&$ ray1 ?r[n ^u a      
scre51 is call$ ! spectrum4 ,an         
exam9ation ( ! sol> spectrum by a       
microscope %[s c]ta9 f9e d>k l9es across
 x4 ,! l9es are inv>iably ! same 9 _!   
position & gr\p+4 ,! spectrum ( ! /ell> 
light is f\nd to diff] f t ( ! sol>     
light1 & ! light ( "o /> diff]s f t (   
ano!r />4 ,light f inc&esc5t metallic   
vapors gives bright l9es across !       
spectrum4 ,ea* metal has its own numb]1 
position1 gr\p+1 & color ( ^! spectral  
l9es4 ,by comp>+ ! sol> spectrum ) !    
spectra ( ! v>i\s metals--! processes   
are curi\s & ! explanation difficult to 
be und]/ood--correspond+ l9es are       
discov]$1 & ! conclusion is rea*$ t !   
sun's atmosph]e conta9s ! vapors (      
sev]al ( our well-kn[n metals1 z iron1  
nickel1 sodium1 potassium1 & o!rs4 ,?is 
is a mo/ curi\s & m>vel\s sci5tific     
feat1 to make an approximate *emical    

analysis ( ! sun & />s by means ( _!    
light4 ,! conclusions1 h[ev]1 seem      
tru/wor?y4  ,c y tell u1 ,ansel1 :e!r ! 
e>? receives heat f ! moon & />s8  ,i   
_c1 sir4  ,i %\ld be glad1 ,mr4 ,hume1  
to h y in/ruct u ^u ?is po9t4  ,9 reg>d 
to ! fix$ />s1 answ]$ ,mr4 ,hume1 c\nt+ 
!m z ! remote suns ( o!r planet>y       
sy/ems1 we mu/ believe t !y radiate m or
 less heat ^u ! e>?2 "s inde$ h         
extravagantly ma9ta9$ t we receive f !m 
ne>ly z mu* heat z f ! sun4 ,! heat     
receiv$ f !m is s small t we p]ceive no 
diff]5ce :e!r !y be hidd51 or %9e ) _!  
utmo/ brilliancy4 ,i d n "k t           
inve/igations h be5 made to det]m9e     
sci5tifically _! exact !rmal influ5ce ^u
 ! e>?4 ,b little m c be said ab\t !    
heat ( ! moon4 ,! light ( ! full moon1  
conc5trat$ by a two-foot burn+-glass &  
?r[n ^u ! bulb ( ! mo/ delicate         
!rmomet]1 produces no p]ceptible effect4
 ,by means ( ! electroscope or          
galvanomet]1 x is said1 h[ev]1 t !      
moon's heat has be5 detect$4 ,at a late 

sci5tific conv5tion held 9 ,*icago1     
,pr(4 ,elias ,loomis read a pap]1 9 :i* 
he /at$ t ,mr4 ,h>rison ( ,engl&1 by a  
comp>ison ( obs]vations made = sixte5   
ye>s at ,gre5wi*1 n9e ye>s at ,ox=d1 &  
sixte5 ye>s at ,b]l91 has discov]$ t !  
moon ex]ts a s5sible influ5ce ^u !      
temp]ature ( ! e>?1 ! highe/ temp]ature 
occurr+ f six to n9e days aft] ! new    
moon & ! l[e/ ab\t f\r days aft] ! full 
moon4 ,! conclusion1 ! opposite ( :at we
 %\ld naturally expect--! high]         
temp]ature occurr+ :5 ! enlight5$ face (
 ! moon is turn$ f ! e>?--0 expla9$ by  
suppos+ ! moon's heat to be d>k heat :i*
 w\ld be absorb$ by ! vapors & ! cl\ds1 
& ?us t5d to w>m & dissipate !m4 ,by !  
disp]sion ( ! cl\ds1 ! radiation ( heat 
f ! e>?'s surface w\ld g on m rapidly & 
! temp]ature w\ld fall4 ,accord+ to ?is 
explanation1 ! lun> heat r$uces in/ead (
 rais+ ! temp]ature ( ! e>?4 ,! diff]5ce
 ( temp]ature due to ! moon's influ5ce  
,mr4 ,h>rison believ$ to be two & a half
 degrees4 ,^u ext5d+ 8 calculations     

?r\gh =ty-?ree ye>s ( obs]vations made  
at ,gre5wi*1 he f\nd ! diff]5ce r$uc$ to
 ab\t "o degree4 ,z = myself1 ,i confess
 myself /ill a skeptic t\*+ ! suppos$   
influ5ce ( ! moon ^u temp]ature4  ,^u t 
subject1 ,i ?9k1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 t we
 mu/ wait pati5tly = m light4 ,! popul> 
sup]/itions :i* ref] sickness & heal?1 &
 e k9d ( good or evil =tune1 to ! b5ign 
or malignant influ5ce ( ! moon1 we1 (   
c\rse1 mu/ reject4 ,samuel1 w y "n !    
second *ief s\rce ( heat8  ,i am oblig$ 
to answ] z ,ansel answ]$ j n[--,i _c    
tell4 ,! enorm\s am\nt ( wood & coal    
burn$ am\nts to some?+1 b ?is c h v     
little effect ^u ! temp]ature ( ! e>?4  
,! second great /ore ( heat is ! int]nal
 heat ( ! e>?1 said ,mr4 ,wilton4 ,!    
importance ( ?is /ore ( heat we c easily
 und]/& by consid]+ t ! e>? is a mass ( 
molt5 m9]al matt] cool$ & h>d5$ ^u !    
surface4 ,! cru/ ^u :i* we live is w>m$ 
f b5ea? by an ocean1 or r a globe1 a _w1
 ( gl[+ molt5 rock4 ,deep excavations h 
be5 made 9 m9+ op]ations1 & artesian    

wells h be5 bor$ to /ill great] dep?s--z
 deep z two ?\s&1 ?ree ?\s&1 or         
?irty-five hundr$ feet4 ,! heat ( ! sun 
p5etrates n m ?an sev5ty-five or a      
hundr$ feet2 bel[ t dep? ! temp]ature ( 
! e>? rema9s ! same ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,bel[
 ! po9t ( con/ant temp]ature ! heat ( ! 
e>? is f\nd to increase regul>ly &      
con/antly4 ,! rate ( increase v>ies 9   
diff]5t regions1 b ! av]age rate is ab\t
 "o degree ( temp]ature = ea* fifty or  
sixty feet ( desc5t4 ,f ?is rate (      
increase x is easy to calculate !       
temp]ature at any giv5 dep?4 ,at a dep? 
( less ?an two miles wat] w\ld boil4 ,at
 twelve miles 9 dep? ! rock becomes     
inc&esc5t4 ,at tw5ty-two miles silv]    
melts1 at tw5ty-f\r miles gold melts1 & 
at ?irty-five miles ca/ iron becomes    
liquid4 ,volcanic eruptions also        
demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( imm5se masses (  
molt5 rock 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?2 & we c  
acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( volcanoes only by  
suppos+ t !y n[ communicate or once     
communicat$ ) ! deep int]ior heat ( !   

e>?4 ,! ?ickness ( ! e>?'s cru/ is1     
h[ev]1 a matt] ( conjecture4 ,! melt+   
po9t ( diff]5t sub/ances rises z !      
pressure ^u !m increases1 & z ! d5sity (
 ! rock increases its conduct+ p[]      
becomes great]4 ,! cru/ ( ! e>?1 !re=e1 
may be fifty miles 9 ?ickness1 or x may 
be "o hundr$ miles or two hundr$ or ?ree
 hundr$ miles4 ,! effect ( ?is int]nal  
heat 9 ma9ta9+ ! temp]ature ( ! e>? mu/ 
be v great4  ,i want to ask1 said ,pet]1
 h[ ?is int]nal heat came to exi/1 & h[ 
x is ma9ta9$8  ,?is1 l y\r =m] "q1 is   
altoge!r beyond our k4 ,all t we c]ta9ly
 "k is t ,god made x ?us4 ,! process (  
creation1 if inde$ ,god did n create !  
e>? by a ^w1 )\t a process1 is a matt] (
 sublime/ & mo/ v5turesome conjecture4  
,accord+ to ! op9ion ( "s1 ! elem5ts (  
:i* ! e>? is compos$ 7 creat$ sep>ate & 
uncomb9$1 & 7 suff]$ aft]w>d to unite by
 _! *emical aff9ities4 ,?is *emical     
comb9ation w\ld be no?+ else ?an a      
trem5d\s conflagration1 & ! result w\ld 
be ! mo/ int5se heat ( :i* we c =m a    

conception4 ,o!rs h dream$ ( a          
'fire-mi/' creat$ ( ,god & by "s means  
cond5s$ into worlds4 ,! temp]ature ( !  
e>? is ma9ta9$1 s f> z we "k1 only by ! 
poor conduct+ quality ( ! envelop+ cru/ 
prev5t+ its cool+4 ,at ! pres5t rate (  
radiation1 millions ( ye>s w\ld be      
requir$ to r5d] ! *ange ( temp]ature    
p]ceptible4  ,:at is ! ?ird great       
natural s\rce ( heat8 ,i w ask ,mr4     
,hume4  ,me*anical action1 or =ce       
transmut$ to heat4  ,w y please expla9  
?is8  ,/rictly speak+1 said ,mr4 ,hume1 
?is is n to be c\nt$ an orig9al s\rce ( 
heat4 ,b heat is us$ 9 ! production (   
w9ds & waves1 ! fl[ ( riv]s1 & all !    
ceaseless activities ( ! _w1 & ?is =ce  
reappe>s f "t to "t transmut$ aga9 to   
heat4 ,:5ev] 9 ! friction ( air & (     
wat]1 9 ! da%+ ( matt] aga9/ matt] & =ce
 aga9/ =ce1 motion & =ce seem to be lo/1
 heat is produc$4 ,! wat] ( ! sea aft]  
long /orms is said to be s5sibly w>m$4  
,we c appreciate ! am\nt ( heat g5]at$ 9
 ?is mann] only by consid]+ 9 h[ _m ?\s&

 ways =ce is meet+ =ce & motion is      
de/roy$4 ,all ?is lo/ motion--lo/ z     
s5sible motion--reappe>s z atomic       
motion1 t is1 z heat4 ,su* heat has be5 
appli$ to artificial uses4 ,heat g5]at$ 
by ! friction ( iron plates gr\nd toge!r
 has be5 us$ = heat+ build+s4  ,& ?is   
transmutation ( liv+ =ce & heat1 add$   
,mr4 ,wilton1 is b "o ( _m illu/rations 
( ,god's economy 9 ! managem5t ( heat4  
,no?+ is wa/$4 ,! voices ( ,nature all  
e*o ! words ( ,jesus3 ',ga!r up !       
fragm5ts1 t no?+ be lo/4'  ,! f\r? s\rce
 ( heat is *emical action4 ,:at is !    
*ief =m ( ?is :i* is us$ = ! production 
( heat8 ,samuel may tell u4  ,combu/ion1
 ,i ?9k1 sir4  ,t is "r2 & ! mo/ common 
=m ( combu/ion is ! comb9ation ( c>bon )
 oxyg54 ,?is is commonly employ$1 n     
because x g5]ates ! mo/ int5se heat1 b  
because c>bon exi/s s abundantly1 & is !
 mo/ available & ! *eape/4 ,! mo/ common
 =m ( c>bon is wood & coal4 ,?is is t   
/oreh\se ( heat :i* ,god has plac$ 9    
man's keep+4 ,)\t ?is ! l>g] "p ( !     

e>?'s surface w\ld be un9habitable4 ,?is
 r5d]s culture & civilization possible4 
,)\t x ! arts c\ld h no exi/5ce4 ,! key 
( ?is /oreh\se ( heat ,god has giv5 to  
man1 s t he may ent] 9 & use its        
treasures at 8 pleasure4 ,9 ! f9] arts  
:]e v great heat is requir$1 hydrog5 is 
us$ 9 place ( c>bon4 ,jets ( oxyg5 &    
hydrog5 gas ?r[n toge!r con/itute :at is
 call$ ! oxy-hydrog5 bl[pipe1 & g5]ate !
 int5se/ heat :i* c be produc$ by man4  
,ano!r s\rce ( heat n (t5 m5tion$ is    
electrical =ce4 ,?is1 l me*anical =ce1  
may be transmut$ into heat4 ,an electric
 curr5t s5t ?r\gh an insuffici5t or poor
 conductor heats x1 &1 if ! curr5t be   
suffici5tly /rong1 consumes x4 ,?us     
lightn+-rods are sometimes melt$ &      
build+s set on fire4  ,^!1 !n1 are !    
natural res]voirs ( heat3 #a1 ! sun &   
o!r heav5ly bodies2 #b1 ! int]nal heat (
 ! e>?2 #c1 liv+ =ce1 or motion2 #d1    
*emical action2 #e1 electric =ce4  ,we c
 h>dly ov]-e/imate ! abundance ( ^!     
natural supplies ( heat4 ,! _w is w>m$  

on ! mo/ munific5t scale4 ,! e>?        
receives f ! sun heat suffici5t to boil 
?ree hundr$ cubic miles ( ice wat] p]   
h\r1 & ! :ole sum ( ! sun's heat w\ld   
boil #gjj1jjj1jjj1jjj cubic miles ( ice 
wat] 9 ! same "t1 t is1 ! heat radiat$  
by ! sun w\ld boil a mass ( ice wat] ( !
 size ( our globe 9 tw5ty-five m9utes4  
,! am\nt ( c>bon provid$ by ! ,creator  
is enorm\s beyond conception4 ,va/      
regions ( c\ntry are cov]$ ) d5se =e/s1 
b ! fuel f ! =e/s is b a h&ful 9        
comp>ison ) ! fuel /or$ up 9 coal-b$s   
bel[ ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,mr4 ,mit*el    
e/imat$ ! ext5t ( ! coal-b$s ( a portion
 ( ,europe z foll[s3 ,great ,brita91    
#ab1jjj squ>e miles2 ,spa91 #cejj2      
,france1 #agjj2 ,belgium1 #eahj4 ,mr4   
,r4 ,c4 ,taylor has made a l e/imate =  
,nor? ,am]ica1 giv+ to ,briti% ,am]ica  
#ah1jjj & to ! ,unit$ ,/ates #acd1jjj   
squ>e miles4  ,^! e/imates1 y w notice1 
say no?+ ( ,asia1 ,africa1 ,s\? ,am]ica1
 or ! isl&s ( ! sea1 & include only !   
small] "p ( ,europe4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1

 also1 new coal-fields are con/antly    
discov]$4 ,! supply ( c>bon = fuel seems
 exhau/less4 ,9 ! ,briti% isl&s ab\t    
#ajj1jjj1jjj tons ( coal are m9$        
annually4 ,at ?is rate ! kn[n supply    
w\ld la/ = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates ! supply has no kn[n limit4  ,y w
 keep 9 m9d t ?is supply ( heat is also 
a supply ( me*anical =ce4 ,! coal-fields
 are an exhau/less /oreh\se ( heat &    
p[]4 ,!y w>m ! dwell+s ( man & drive    
millions ( eng9es work+ ) ! /r5g? (     
,titans = human welf>e4  ,9 ?is b\ntiful
 supply ( heat to w>m ! e>? & s]ve human
 ne$s mu/ we n see a k9d design on ! "p 
( ! ,creator8 ,god has provid$ t :i* !  
_w ne$s4 ,he has provid$ )\t /9t or     
limit4 ,! g5]al heat+ ( ! globe he      
accompli%es by 8 own p[]4 ,he has       
provid$ = human culture1 developm5t1 &  
happ9ess by plac+ /ores ( heat "u man's 
control4 ,he has furni%$ scope & means &
 enc\ragem5t = a*iev+ greatness &       
goodness4 ,he has put man 9 ! condition 
:i* a wise fa!r w\ld desire = 8 son4  ,9

 our next lesson we w look at !         
pres]vation & di/ribution ( heat1 "s ( !
 prim>y elem5ts & arrangem5ts ^u :i* !  
temp]ature ( ! e>? dep5ds4     ,,*apt]  
,,vii4  ,,pres]vation ,,& ,,di/ribution 
,,( ,,heat4   ,ano!r ,"l's ,day comes1 &
 ! memb]s ( ! class are1 z usual1 all 9 
_! places4 ,!y f9d ! subject increas+ 9 
int]e/ aft] leav+ ! review ( ! laws &   
pr9ciples ( heat4  ,a week ago1 said    
,mr4 ,wilton1 we look$ at ! *ief s\rces 
( heat4 ,^! are ! sun1 ! int]nal heat ( 
! e>?1 *emical action1 9 :i* combu/ion  
is mo/ important1 electrical action1 &  
me*anical action1 or 'liv+ =ce4' ,!     
am\nt ( heat furni%$ f ^! s\rces is     
above all compreh5sion4 ,! ,creator     
seems b\ntiful ev5 to prodigality 9     
supply+ heat = ! ne$s ( ! _w & ! uses ( 
man4 ,b ) all ?is l>g5ess ( supply !    
provision w\ld prove :olly inadequate if
 x 7 n prud5tly husb&$ & all ! av5ues ( 
wa/e c>efully clos$4 ,m5 ( ample incomes
 sometimes come to want f too free      
exp5diture4 ,_! incomes are l>ge1 b _!  

exp5ses are l>g]4 ,s x w\ld prove 9     
respect to heat if ,nature 7 n z prud5t 
9 sav+ z %e is b\ntiful 9 provid+4 ,w "s
 "o m5tion "s ( ! g5]al me?ods by :i* ! 
wa/e ( heat is prev5t$8  ,no "o answ]$4 
,mr4 ,hume did n ?9k x be/ to put       
himself =w>d 9 answ]+ que/ions1 & !re=e 
answ]$ only :5 p]sonally address$4 ,!   
o!rs 7 sil5t because !y _h no?+ to say4 
,i see t ,i %all h to sugge/ ! answ]4   
,ansel1 :at "p ( ! atmosph]e is w>me/8  
,! bottom1 ,i suppose1 = ! high] a man  
goes up ^u ! l(ty m\nta9s or 9 a        
balloon1 ! cold] he f9ds ! air4  ,t is  
"r2 & we ne$ to asc5d only ab\t ?ree    
miles1 ev5 9 ! tropics1 to rea* ! region
 ( p]petual sn[1 :ile 9 ! pol> regions !
 l9e ( p]petual freez+ comes d[n to !   
sea level4 ,:at w\ld be ! effect1       
,ansel1 if ! atmosph]e 7 z w>m1 or w>m]1
 at ! top ?an at ! surface ( ! e>?8 ,h[ 
w\ld t affect ! rate ( radiation f !    
e>?8  ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 increase !       
radiation v mu*4 ,) ! temp]ature tw5ty  
or fifty or sev5ty degrees bel[ z]o1 !  

radiation mu/ be v little4  ,by "s      
means1 !n1 ! atmosph]e is kept w>m at ! 
surface ( ! e>? & cold 9 ! high]        
regions1 & 9 ?is mann] ! radiation (    
heat into op5 space is prev5t$4 ,?is is 
accompli%$ not)/&+ t ! top ( ! atmosph]e
 is ne>] ! *ief s\rce ( heat1 ! sun4    
,?is w\ld be no v easy problem if its   
solution 7 left to human +5uity4 ,!     
explanation is v simple1 h[ev]1 :5 once 
sugge/$4 ,! atmosph]e is dia!rmic1 t is1
 x p]mits ! lum9\s heat f ! sun to pass 
directly ?r\gh x )\t heat+ ! air1 b !   
solid e>? /ops ! heat by absorption1 &  
is w>m$ by x4 ,! w>m surface ( ! e>?    
imp>ts1 9 turn1 its heat to ! atmosph]e 
re/+ ^u x4 ,?is w>m air1 be+ exp&$ by ! 
heat receiv$1 becomes light] ?an ! cold 
air ar\nd1 & rises1 or r is =c$1 upw>d  
by ! great] weight ( ! cold] air4 ,b z x
 rises & ! pressure ( ! air is dim9i%$ x
 exp&s /ill fur!r4 ,by ?is expansion its
 s5sible heat becomes lat5t1 t is1 !    
heat is transmut$ into =ce1 &1 z =ce1 is
 incapable ( be+ radiat$4 ,9 ?is mann]  

radiation f ! upp] surface ( ! atmosph]e
 is greatly h9d]$ & wa/e ( heat is 9 a  
good degree prev5t$4  ,9 respect to ?is 
heat+ ( ! atmosph]e f ! surface ( ! e>?1
 a lay] ( cl\ds sometimes =ms a k9d (   
second surface :i* receives ! sun's rays
 & w>ms ! air above4 ,a few ye>s ago ,i 
saw a balloon asc5sion 9 ,provid5ce1 ,r4
 ,i4 ,! day 0 bleak & *illy1 & ! sky    
entirely cov]$ ) cl\ds4 ,! a]onauts 7   
expect+ a *illy voyage4 ,! balloon %ot l
 an arr[ t[>d ! z5i?1 & 9 five m9utes 0 
completely hidd5 by ! cl\ds4 ,b to !    
surprise ( ! voyag]s ( ! sky1 on pass+  
?r\gh ! cl\ds _! !rmomet] rose t5       
degrees4 ,?is1 d\btless1 mu/ v (t5 be ! 
case4 ,! air above ! cl\ds mu/ (t5 be   
w>m] ?an t bel[4  ,i ?9k y all mu/ h    
notic$ illu/rations ( ?is pr9ciple on a 
small scale4 ,h y n se5 t sn[ & ice (t5 
melt ar\nd /raws & /icks1 ! sn[ or ice  
rema9+ /ill froz5 at a little di/ance1 z
 if ! /icks & /raws 7 w>m & _h melt$ !m8
 ,h y n se5 a d>k-color$ bo>d cov]$ )   
ice1 & ! ice rema9 firm till ! sun %one 

^u x1 & !n ! ice melt ^u ! "u surface1  
leav+ ! upp] surface unaffect$8  ,i h   
se5 su* ?+s a great _m times1 said      
,pet]1 & wond]$ :at ! reason 04  ,!     
reason is t ice is dia!rmic4 ,heat      
passes ?r\gh ! ice )\t w>m+2 b :5 ! rays
 ( heat fall ^u ! /ick or /one or bo>d1 
! heat is absorb$1 ! d>k body is heat$ &
 9 turn w>ms & melts ! ice4 ,9 ! same   
mann] ! atmosph]e is w>m$4 ,! heat-rays 
( ! sun pass ?r\gh ! atmosph]e & fall ^u
 ! surface ( ! e>?2 ! e>? is w>m$1 & 9  
turn w>ms ! air re/+ ^u x4  ,! gases &  
wat]y vapor conta9$ 9 ! air also h9d] ! 
radiation ( heat f ! e>?4 ,pure         
atmosph]ic air is p]fectly dia!rmic to  
bo? lum9\s & d>k heat1 & vapors & gases 
are also dia!rmic to lum9\s heat4 ,b to 
d>k heat "s ( ! gases are almo/         
imp5etrable4 ,ammonia /ops d>k heat     
almo/ completely4 ,9 a small] degree    
wat]y vapor does ! same4 ,gases & vapors
 ?us s]ve z blankets to keep ! e>? w>m4 
,! heat ( ! sun1 be+ lum9\s heat1       
p5etrates ! atmosph]e ) its vapors &    

=eign gases1 & falls ^u ! e>? almo/ )\t 
loss1 b1 be+ absorb$ by ! e>?1 x becomes
 d>k heat1 & _c be radiat$ back ?r\gh ! 
same gases & vapors4 ,vapor s]ves ?us z 
a valve3 x admits ! heat ( ! sun to !   
surface ( ! e>?1 b prev5ts its escape4  
,pr(4 ,y\mans calls wat]y vapor ! b>b ( 
heat2 x cat*es ! heat ( ! sun & holds x 
fa/4  ,:o c suffici5tly admire !        
simplicity ( ^! arrangem5ts = prev5t+ ! 
radiation ( heat into ! /ell>           
regions8--& _! effici5cy is no less     
admirable ?an _! simplicity4            
,arrangem5ts l ^! %[ t ! ,creator _h a  
def9ite object 9 view1 & t object is    
b5evol5t4 ,= ! advantage & enjoym5t ( ! 
inhabitants ( ?is _w ^! arrangem5ts 7   
made4  ,we ought at ?is po9t to look at 
^? adju/m5ts by :i* ! e>? receives j !  
am\nt ( heat ne$$ to ma9ta9 ! requisite 
temp]ature4 ,! importance ( ma9ta9+ "s  
c]ta9 av]age temp]ature _c be           
ov]-e/imat$4 ,e animal & plant has its  
own habitat--t is1 its natural          
dwell+-place or location--outside ( :i* 

x p]i%es or ma9ta9s a /unt$ & prec>i\s  
life4 ,! habitat ( animals & plants     
dep5ds 9 a v great degree ^u temp]ature4
 ,:at a panorama w\ld be se5 if we c\ld 
fly l a bird f ! equator to ! poles1 &  
look d[n ^u ! ev]-*ang+ animal &        
vegetable life z we pass6 ,h[ !         
luxuriant vegetation & flaunt+ colors ( 
! tropics w\ld %ade (f into ! scanti]   
vegetable life & m sob] hues ( !        
temp]ate zones1 & ^! 9 turn die out &   
disappe> 9 pol> b>r5ness6 ,we %\ld see !
 lion & tig] give place to ! be> & !    
wolf1 ! elephant & camel to ! ox &      
horse1 & ^! to ! :ite be> & re9de]4 ,?is
 sublime panorama we see1 9 m9iature1 9 
asc5d+ l(ty m\nta9s 9 ! tropics4 ,ar\nd 
! base ( ! m\nta9 fl\ri% ! ri* & v>i\s  
productions ( ! torrid zone2 a few ?\s& 
feet ( elevation br+ u among !          
productions ( ! temp]ate zones4 ,! mo/  
valuable fruits & gra9s ?rive4 ,!n      
vegetation becomes scanty & /unt$1 & at 
la/ disappe>s4 ,! top ( ,mt4 ,wa%+ton1  
#fbcd feet high1 9 latitude =ty-f\r     

degrees1 is z b>e ( trees & plants & e  
=m ( vegetation z ! nor? pole4  ,! fitt+
 temp]ature is almo/ z necess>y to !    
animal tribes z to vegetable life4      
,animals :i* are native to ! tropics d n
 ?rive 9 cold] c\ntries1 or if !        
diff]5ce ( temp]ature be v great1 !y    
p]i%4 ,a *ange f a cold to a w>m region 
is equally disa/r\s4 ,man inde$ transf]s
 animals f _! natural habitat by        
protect+ !m f ! extremes ( temp]ature1 b
 ?is is1 ( c\rse1 no exception to !     
g5]al pr9ciple ( :i* ,i am speak+4 ,a   
*ange ( only a few degrees 9 ! mean     
annual temp]ature w\ld r5d] ?is e>? a   
h>d place = ev5 ! human race to subsi/4 
,b ! temp]ature ( ! e>? dep5ds ^u _m a  
wise adju/m5t--h[ _m1 we _c tell4 ,w y  
tell u1 ,samuel1 ! fir/ adju/m5t or     
arrangem5t ^u :i* ! temp]ature ( ! e>?  
dep5ds8  ,x mu/ dep5d *iefly ,i ?9k ^u !
 int5sity ( ! sun's heat4  ,:e!r or n t 
be ! *ief adju/m5t by :i* ! "r          
temp]ature is secur$1 x is at lea/ a v  
important item4 ,! int5sity ( ! sun's   

heat mu/1 ( c\rse1 be consid]$ 9        
connection ) its di/ance f ! e>?4 ,!    
di/ance ( ! sun is no less important ?an
 ! p[] ( 8 rays2 inde$1 9 "o s5se1 x is 
m important1 = if ! int5sity ( ! sun's  
heat 7 d\bl$1 ! temp]ature ( ! e>? w\ld 
be increas$ only tw(old2 :]eas1 if ! e>?
 7 br\ght to "o-half its pres5t di/ance 
f ! sun1 ! heat w\ld be increas$ f\r    
times4 ,heat be+ "o ( ! radiant =ces1   
its int5sity dim9i%es 9 proportion to ! 
squ>e ( ! di/ance ?r\gh :i* x acts4 ,if 
! e>? 7 #aij1jjj1jjj ( miles f ! sun    
in/ead ( #ie1jjj1jjj1 z x n[ is1 ! =ce (
 ! sun's rays w\ld be dim9i%$ f\rfold4  
,! ,creator has s fix$ ! di/ance ( ! e>?
 & sun1 & ! p[] ( ! sun's heat1 z to    
give to ?is _w a temp]ature suit$ to its
 v>i\s inhabitants4  ,! temp]ature ( !  
e>? has also "s dep5d5ce ^u our         
atmosph]e4 ,c y tell u1 ,ansel1 h[ !    
temp]ature ( ! e>? is affect$ by !      
atmosph]e8  ,y h already told u t !     
atmosph]e is dia!rmic1 all[+ ! heat ( ! 
sun to fall ^u ! e>? almo/ undim9i%$ 9  

=ce4 ,if ! air 7 s con/itut$ z to       
int]cept ! sun's rays1 x is pla9 t ! e>?
 w\ld receive less heat4  ,?is          
adaptation ( our atmosph]e to transmit !
 sun's rays1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 is m    
subtle ?an x appe>s at fir/ sight4 ,x is
 n m]ely a matt] ( dep? & d5sity1 ?\gh  
^? are important consid]ations1 nor is x
 m]ely a "q ( ! elem5ts ( :i* !         
atmosph]e is compos$4 ,simple gases are 
dia!rmic4 ,! atmosph]e is !re=e made up 
( two simple gases1 oxyg5 & nitrog51 n  
*emically comb9$1 b mix$ toge!r4        
,comp\nd gases int]cept ! passage (     
heat4 ,ammonia1 compos$ ( hydrog5 &     
nitrog5 *emically unit$1 almo/ :olly    
/ops x4 ,ev5 ozone1 :i* is no?+ b oxyg5 
9 a *ang$ or allotropic /ate1 is n      
dia!rmic4 ,! dia!rmic quality ( ! air   
dep5ds1 !n1 n only ^u ! fact t x is     
compos$ ( simple elem5ts m+l$1 b n      
*emically jo9$1 b also ^u ! /ate1 or    
condition1 ( ^? simple elem5ts4  ,ano!r 
po9t des]ves att5tion4 ,oxyg5 is an     
elem5t hav+ a wide range ( v /rong &    

active aff9ities4 ,x is ready to unite )
 e kn[n sub/ance1 fluor9e except$4 ,:at 
if "s o!r equally active elem5t 7 m+l$ )
 oxyg5 to =m ! atmosph]e8 ,:at if1 9    
place ( nitrog51 vapor ( sulphur 7      
sub/itut$8 ,:at if hydrog5 7 put 9 !    
place ( nitrog58 ,! two elem5ts w\ld    
comb9e 9 sudd5 combu/ion or explosion1 &
 ! atmosph]e itself w\ld p]i%4 ,b       
nitrog5 is a sub/ance s sluggi% & in]t t
 x c be br\ght into union ) oxyg5 only  
by indirect processes4 ,because ! air is
 compos$ ( "o s in]t elem5t z nitrog51 !
 atmosph]e is pres]v$1 &1 :at is almo/ z
 important1 x is kept1 z x n[ is1       
compos$ ( simple elem5ts1 & h5ce        
dia!rmic4 ,if our atmosph]e 7 a comp\nd 
gas1 ! _w w\ld p]i% ) cold4  ,!         
temp]ature ( ! e>? dep5ds also ^u c]ta9 
qualities ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,i %\ld be 
glad to h ,mr4 ,hume expla9 ?is4  ,i    
suppose1 answ]$ ,mr4 ,hume1 t y ref] to 
! qualities ( ! e>? z an absorb5t &     
conductor ( heat4 ,! e>? mu/ ne$s h !   
capacity ( receiv+ & reta9+ ! heat :i*  

falls ^u x f ! sun4 ,if ! e>?'s surface 
7 poli%$ & brilliant1 ! heat ( ! sun    
w\ld be reflect$ into space z f !       
surface ( a mirror1 & v small advantage 
w\ld ! e>? receive f ! sol> heat4 ,a d>k
 soil absorbs heat m readily ?an a soil 
( light] color1 & a wet soil1 on acc\nt 
( ! high specific heat ( wat]1 requires 
m heat to raise its temp]ature ?an a dry
 soil4 ,! m9]al elem5ts ( ! soil & its  
compactness or porosity also help to    
make up its capacity = receiv+ & reta9+ 
heat4 ,! color & con/itution ( ! soil   
sometimes g f> t[>d mak+ ! climate ( a  
region4 ,! conduct+ qualities ( ! e>?'s 
cru/ 9 its pr(\nde/ dep?s also mu/ be   
tak5 into acc\nt4 ,if ! cru/ ( ! e>? 7  
compos$ ( silv]1 or any o!r sub/ance ( l
 conduct+ quality1 & ! int]ior ( ! e>? 7
 molt5 rock1 z x n[ is1 ! int]ior heat  
w\ld be s rapidly conduct$ to ! surface 
t ev]y?+ ^u ! e>? w\ld be consum$4  ,^u 
s _m circum/ances wisely adju/$ & nicely
 bl5d$1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 does !       
temp]ature ( ! e>? dep5d4 ,! int5sity ( 

! sun's heat1 ! dim5sions ( ! e>?'s     
orbit1 ! con/itution ( our atmosph]e 9 !
 subtle/ qualities & relations ( its    
elem5ts1 & ! mat]ial1 /ructure1 & color 
( ! e>?'s cru/1--on all ^! & _m o!r ?+s 
:i* ,i _c /op to m5tion dep5ds !        
temp]ature ne$ful = ! well-be+ ( !      
inhabitants ( ?is globe4 ,i beg y\r     
p>don1 ,mr4 ,hume1 b all[ me to ask :e!r
 su* a comb9ation ( ag5cies &           
conditions1 unit+ to "w out good = man1 
does n seem to y q sup]human & wor?y ( a
 wise & good ,creator8  ,i _c d5y x1    
sir1 he repli$2 ,i am n prep>$ to make  
any objections4 ,!re are _m ?+s pa9ful  
to man 9 ! vicissitudes ( heat & cold1 &
 if ,i 7 to make a _w1 ,i suppose ,i    
%\ld leave !m out1 or p]haps make ! _w  
^u a v diff]5t plan4 ,b ,i am n prep>$  
to affirm t any *anges :i* ,i c\ld make 
w\ld be improvem5ts1 ?\gh ,i h ?\ght    
until rec5tly t m ( k & p[]1 & p]haps m 
( *ance1 too1 ?an ( wisdom & goodness1 7
 display$ 9 ! works ( ,nature4 ,b ,i mu/
 confess my op9ion has be5 mu* modifi$4 

,i ?9k y\r *ange ( m9d is 9 ! "r        
direction1 & ,i am glad t x is s4 ,we   
le>n ! secrets ( ,nature & appreciate h]
 _s mu* bett] :5 we come z rev]5t       
que/ion]s ?an :5 we come ) preconceiv$  
notions & a patroniz+ air4 ,i c well    
und]/& y\r feel+s & /ate1 = ,i myself h 
travel$ ov] ! same gr\nd4 ,my eyes 7    
once dazzl$ ) ! glories ( sci5ce2 ,i    
wor%ip$ at ! %r9e ( natural laws4 ,b ,i 
h le>n$ t ,god is great] ?an ,nature1 ! 
,creator is mighti] ?an ! creation4     
,nature has no m9d or purpose ap>t f !  
plan & w ( ! supreme ,ar*itect & ,rul]1 
& ?is inn] plan & purpose ( ,nature is  
se5 only 9 ! gov]nm5t & discipl9e ( our 
s9ful race4 ,i %all greatly rejoice = y 
& ) y if y %all g on to ! same end :i*  
,i h rea*$4  ,i %all mu* rejoice if ,i  
rea* "s satisfactory & peaceful         
conclusion4  ,to und]/& ! managem5t (   
heat1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 we mu/ take    
note ( ! diff]5ces & fluctuations (     
t]re/rial temp]ature4 ,! s\rces ( heat  
are con/ant4 ,! sun s5ds out its flood (

 heat un9t]rupt$ & *angeless = ev]4 ,!  
int]nal fires ( ! e>? give an ev5 inw>d 
heat4 ,me*anical & *emical ag5cies are  
active ev]y:]e4 ,^! s\rces ( heat d n   
fluctuate1 flam+ up & dy+ away1 yet     
temp]ature is ! mo/ v>iable ( all       
incon/ant ?+s4 ,9 pass+ f equator to    
pole we g f torrid to frigid1 f ev]la/+ 
summ] to ev]la/+ w9t]4 ,& n only ?is1 b 
9 ! same region ! temp]ature nev] rema9s
 ! same = ev5 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,!        
!rmomet] may pass f =ty degrees above to
 ?irty bel[ z]o 9 a v few h\rs4 ,we mu/ 
fir/ consid] ! ag5cies by :i* ^!        
inequalities are produc$4 ,ansel may    
m5tion ! fir/ ( ^!4  ,! %ape ( ! e>?1   
said ,ansel4  ,h[ does ! =m ( ! e>?     
op]ate to produce inequality (          
temp]ature8  ,! e>? is a sph]e1 & ! rays
 ( ! sun fall ^u x 9 ne>ly p>allel l9es4
 ,^u ! c5tre ( ! hemisph]e :i* is turn$ 
t[>d ! sun ! rays fall p]p5dicul>ly1 !  
sun is directly ov] head1 :ile t[>d !   
edges ( ! hemisph]e1 on acc\nt ( !      
curvature ( ! e>?'s surface1 ! rays fall

 m & m slant+1 z if ! sun 7 s9k+ t[>d ! 
horizon4  ,:at is t inequality (        
temp]ature :i* is produc$ by ! %ape ( ! 
e>?8  ,! five zones1 answ]$ ,pet]4  ,?is
 subject is s well und]/ood1 said ,mr4  
,wilton1 t ,i ne$ n sp5d "t 9 expla9+ x4
 ,e boy kn[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 sett+ 8  
wet slate be=e ! fire to dry s t ! heat 
w fall squ>ely & p]p5dicul>ly ^u x &    
plac+ x edgewise to ! fire4 ,^u ! torrid
 zone ! sun %9es p]p5dicul>ly1 ^u !     
temp]ate zones obliquely1 & ^u ! frigid 
zones /ill m obliquely1 & dur+ a "p ( ! 
ye> ! sun is entirely hidd54 ,9         
proportion z ! rays ( heat fall         
obliquely1 any giv5 am\nt ( heat is     
spread1 s to speak1 ov] a l>g] surface1 
& ! l>g] ! space ov] :i* x is spread1 ! 
feebl] x becomes4 ,:at is ano!r cause ( 
inequality ( temp]ature8 ,no "o answ]$4 
,samuel1 :at is ! cause ( day & night8  
,! turn+ ( ! e>? ^u its axis4  ,& !     
rotation ( ! e>? ^u its axis1 cont9u$   
,mr4 ,wilton1 br+s n only an alt]nation 
( light & d>kness1 b also ( heat & cold4

 ,! heat ( ! sun is )drawn along ) !    
light4 ,! heat ( ! sun is n )drawn f !  
e>?1 b "o-half ( ! e>?'s surface is     
con/antly turn$ away f its influ5ce4    
,?is mu/ produce a daily *ange (        
temp]ature4 ,?is diurnal fluctuation (  
temp]ature may be v small or x may am\nt
 to sev5ty or eighty degrees4 ,samuel1  
:at is a ?ird cause ( unequal           
temp]ature8  ,! incl9$ position ( !     
e>?'s axis & ! revolution ( ! e>? ar\nd 
! sun cause ! *ange ( seasons4  ,if x 7 
n = ?is1 ! e>? w\ld /ill h h] zones (   
seasons2 a "p ( ! e>? w\ld h endless    
summ]1 a "p endless spr+1 & ! re/       
unbrok5 w9t]1 b ! alt]nation ( seasons  
at ! same place w\ld be unkn[n4 ,! axis 
( ! e>? is n[ incl9$ ab\t tw5ty-?ree    
degrees1 tw5ty-sev5 m9utes1 tw5ty-?ree  
seconds to ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit1 & z 
?is axis ma9ta9s con/antly ! same       
position1 be+ p>allel 9 "o "p ( ! e>?'s 
orbit to its position 9 any o!r "p ( its
 orbit1 dur+ "o "p ( ! ye> ! nor? pole  
is turn$ tw5ty-?ree & a half degrees    

t[>d ! sun1 :ile 9 ! opposite "p ( ! ye>
 ! s\? pole is 9 l mann] br\ght into !  
light & heat4 ,?is causes ! sun to appe>
 to move to & fro1 nor? & s\?1          
tw5ty-?ree degrees1 tw5ty-sev5 m9utes1 &
 tw5ty-?ree seconds f ! equator 9 ei!r  
direction4 ,! tropics1 or turn+-places1 
m>k ! limits ( ! sun's nor!rn & s\!rn   
j\rney4 ,ev]y:]e betwe5 ! tropics ! sun1
 at "s p]iod ( ! ye>1 passes ?r\gh !    
z5i?1 t is1 exactly ov]head at noon4    
,nor? & s\? ( ! tropics ! sun seems to  
rise high] 9 summ] & to s9k l[] 9 w9t]4 
,9 summ] ! sun at midday is ab\t        
=ty-sev5 degrees ne>] ! z5i? ?an 9 w9t]4
 ,)9 ! pol> circles1 :i* are ! same     
di/ance f ! poles z ! tropics f !       
equator1 ! heat ( ! sun is entirely     
)drawn dur+ a portion ( ! ye>1 & dur+   
ano!r portion ( ab\t equal l5g? ! sun   
does n set4 ,! extremes ( temp]ature1   
caus$ by ! incl9ation ( ! e>?'s axis &  
its revolution ar\nd ! sun1 are v great4
 ,9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,m9nesota1 !          
temp]ature rises 9 summ] to "o hundr$   

degrees1 & 9 w9t] s9ks to fifty degrees 
bel[ z]o1 giv+ ?us an alt]nation ( "o   
hundr$ & fifty degrees4  ,9 ?is         
connection y may also rememb] t ! sun is
 ne>] ! e>? 9 "o "p ( its orbit ?an 9   
ano!r "p4 ,?is diff]5ce am\nts to ab\t  
#c1jjj1jjj miles4 ,! sun also rema9s    
eight days long] nor? ( ! equator ?an   
s\? ( x4 ,our summ]1 !re=e1 is eight    
days long] ?an ! summ] ( ! s\!rn        
hemisph]es1 & our w9t]s are             
correspond+ly %ort]4 ,^! diff]5ces t5d1 
h[ev]1 to balance ea* o!r1 = :ile !     
s\!rn summ] is %ort]1 ! sun at t "t is  
ne>]1 & :ile our summ] is long]1 ! sun  
is m di/ant4 ,pet]1 y may expla9 to u ! 
effect ^u temp]ature caus$ by ! division
 ( ! e>?'s surface into l& & wat]4  ,i  
le>n$ :ile /udy+ physical geography t ! 
temp]ature is m ev5 ^u ! sea ?an ^u !   
l&4 ,b :y1 ,i d n "k4  ,! smoo? surface 
( ! sea reflects heat bett] ?an ! r\gh  
l&3 = ?is reason1 a l>g] proportion ( ! 
heat :i* falls ^u ! sea is n absorb$1 b 
reflect$ & lo/1 s f> z ! temp]ature (   

?is _w is conc]n$4 ,wat] is also a v    
poor conductor ( heat1 & has )al a v    
high specific heat4 ,= ^! reasons ! sea 
receives & p>ts ) heat m sl[ly ?an ! l&1
 & its absorption or radiation causes a 
small] v>iation ( temp]ature4 ,! result 
is1 !re=e1 t ! sea is cool] 9 summ] &   
w>m] 9 w9t] ?an ! l&1 & ! av]age ocean  
temp]ature is l[] ?an ! mean cont95tal  
temp]ature4 ,! l& receives heat m       
readily & p>ts ) x m rapidly2 !         
fluctuations ( temp]ature mu/ !re=e be  
great]4 ,h5ce1 ! int]iors ( ! cont95ts h
 mu* great] extremes ( temp]ature ?an ! 
sea-bo>d4 ,b ( ! influ5ce ( wat] 9      
equaliz+ temp]ature ,i %all h occasion  
to speak aga9 m at l5g?1 & w pass x by =
 ! pres5t4 ,:at effect1 ,pet]1 has !    
unev5ness ( ! e>?'s surface ^u          
temp]ature8  ,! high] we asc5d ^u       
m\nta9s1 ! cold] we f9d x4  ,t is1      
,pet]1 ! great] ! elevation ( any place 
or c\ntry above ! sea level1 ! l[] !    
temp]ature4 ,almo/ ! :ole surface ( !   
e>? is an alt]nation ( m\nta9 & hill1   

valley & pla94 ,"o cont95t has a v mu*  
great] mean elevation ?an ano!r4 ,"o    
region or tract ( c\ntry lies slop+ t[>d
 ! sun1 ano!r is incl9$ f x4 ,! effect 9
 ! "o case is ! same z if ! sun 7 br\ght
 m ne>ly ov]head2 9 ! o!r case1 ! sun is
 depress$ t[>d ! horizon4 ,x is all !   
same z if ! region ( c\ntry 7 br\ght    
ne>] ! equator or remov$ f>!r f x4 ,!   
effects ( ! curvature ( ! e>? are       
obviat$ or exagg]at$4 ,d cl\ds t5d to   
produce inequalities ( temp]ature8  ,i  
?9k !y mu/ d ?is1 answ]$ ,samuel4 ,cl\ds
 cov] "o portion ( ! e>?'s surface & %ut
 out ! heat ( ! sun1 :ile o!r portions  
are well expos$ to ! sun's rays4  ,t is 
"r1 ,samuel4 ,does any "o ?9k ( ano!r   
cause ( inequality ( temp]ature8  ,!re 0
 a pause4 ,!n ,mr4 ,hume answ]$3        
,consid]+ ! unmeasur$ cycles ( ! pa/1 ! 
gradual cool+ ( ! e>? has br\ght a great
 *ange ( temp]ature4  ,& ?is *ange1     
cont9u$ ,mr4 ,wilton1 has be5 v         
important = ! welf>e ( ! human race4 ,at
 ! pres5t temp]ature ( ! e>?1 !         

coal-b$s1 s necess>y = ! culture &      
progress ( ! race1 c\ld h>dly h be5 =m$1
 & at ! temp]ature ( ! c>bonif]\s       
p]iods1 :5 ! coal-b$s 7 deposit$1 !     
human race c\ld ) difficulty h surviv$4 
,! high temp]ature requir$ to prep>e !  
e>? = man is n[ no long] ne$$1 b w\ld   
prove de/ructive4 ,& ?is great *ange (  
temp]ature 0 d\btless caus$ by ! cool+ (
 ! e>?4  ,! result ( all ^! ag5cies--!  
%ape ( ! e>?1 its daily & ye>ly motions1
 ! incl9ation ( its axis1 ! ecc5tricity 
( its orbit1 ! division ( its surface   
into l& & wat]1 ! v>y+ elevation ( its  
surface1 & ! cl\ds & /orms t hide !     
sun--is t we h great extremes & rapid   
transitions ( heat & cold1 & e v>iety ( 
climate4 ,^! *anges ( temp]ature are (t5
 pa9ful &1 unless gu>d$ aga9/1 dang]\s4 
,yet1 tak5 z a :ole1 c "o d\bt t v>iety 
( climate & *ange ( temp]ature are (    
advantage to man8 ,:at we>9ess &        
lassitude a *angeless temp]ature w\ld   
br+6 ,h[ ! cool] air ( ! night comes z a
 tonic aft] ! relaxation ( ! heat$      

noonday6 ,:o c e/imate ! value ( our    
nor!rn w9t]s1 n alone 9 build+ up a     
vigor\s & n]v\s physical frame1 b 9     
help+ ! culture ( m5 & nurtur+ ! dome/ic
 virtues8 ,we might almo/ say t h] w9t] 
ev5+s h be5 ! mak+ ( ,new ,engl&4 ,b    
p]iods ( heat are ne$$ = br++ fruit &   
gra9 to rip5ess4 ,:at v>iety & ri*ness (
 productions = ! use ( man ! diff]5t    
zones furni%6 ,! supply ( man's wants   
w\ld be comp>atively meagre if we _h b  
"o zone1 ev5 ?\gh we _h our *oice ( !   
zones4 ,b e zone is necess>y = !        
p]fection ( ! temp]ate zones4 ,t we may 
h ! w>m? ( summ] 9 ! temp]ate zones we  
mu/ h ! torrid zone4 ,t we may h ! tonic
 cold ( ! temp]ate zones we mu/ ne$s h !
 sev]ity ( pol> w9t]s4 ,i d n mean t !  
,creator c\ld n devise a _w t %\ld n h  
^! pa9ful extremes1 yet enjoy !         
advantages ( ! temp]ate regions4 ,b t   
w\ld pla9ly require a _w con/itut$ ^u   
pr9ciples v unlike ^? :i* n[ prevail4 ,)
 ,god ?is is d\btless possible1 b ! mode
 is to u inconceivable4 ,b we c easily  

see t by ! pres5t arrangem5t ( ?+s ,god 
has secur$ _m great advantages = man--h[
 _m & h[ great1 we c h>dly und]/&--& !  
app>5t disadvantages we _c positively   
affirm to be real evils4 ,we c safely   
decl>e t ?is _w is well adapt$ to man's 
necessities4 ,b ^! inequalities (       
temp]ature are modifi$ & s(t5$ by a mo/ 
compreh5sive & b5efic5t sy/em ( ag5cies 
by :i* ! extremes are prev5t$ f becom+  
de/ructive4 ,9 ?is sy/em ( comp5sat+    
ag5cies two great div9e ideas are cle>ly
 develop$1 economy 9 ! exp5diture ( heat
 & b5evol5ce t[>d man4 ,^u ?is subject  
we are n[ prep>$ to ent]4     ,,*apt]   
,,viii4  ,,modification ,,(             
,,temp]ature4   ,resum+ ! subject :]e x 
0 left ! previ\s ,"l's ,day1 ,mr4       
,wilton said3  ,we saw at our la/       
session t ! mo/ prom95t & p]man5t       
features ( ! e>? t5d to produce         
diff]5ces & great extremes ( temp]ature4
 ,^! v>iations ( temp]ature )9 due      
limits mu/ be reg>d$ z b5eficial1 if n  
absolutely ess5tial1 to ! well-be+ ( !  

human race4 ,! diff]5t zones give ! _w a
 ri*] & m v>i$ supply ( food1 & f9] & m 
v>i$ plants & animals4 ,! *ange (       
seasons gives v>iety 9 ! exp]i5ce (     
life2 ! w>m? ( summ] rip5s ! fruit &    
gra91 & ! cold ( w9t] tones up !        
physical /r5g?2 nay1 ! w9t]'s fro/ is a 
natural subsoil]1 loos5+ up ! h>d e>? & 
promot+ vegetable gr[?4 ,z = man's high]
 int]e/s1 no "o c tell h[ mu* ! _w is   
indebt$ to w9t] ev5+s1 to a p]iod (     
d>kness long] ?an is ne$$ = sleep1 & a  
p]iod ( cold dur+ :i* ! "w ( husb&ry may
 l>gely cease4 ,le>n+1 ! dome/ic        
virtues1 & religion are greatly indebt$ 
to our w9t]s4 ,b 7 ^! ag5cies :i* t5d to
 produce inequality ( temp]ature suff]$ 
to op]ate )\t c\nt]act+ influ5ces1 !    
extremes ( heat & cold w\ld cease to be 
g5ial & heal?ful1 & become de/ructive4  
,we are n[ to beg9 ! consid]ation ( ^?  
c\nt]act+ ag5cies by :i* ! extremes (   
temp]ature are mod]at$4  ,let u look    
fir/ at ! daily fluctuation ( temp]ature
 caus$ by ! revolution ( ! e>? ^u its   

axis4 ,! rotation ( ! e>? br+s e place  
by turns "u ! influ5ce ( ! sun's rays1 &
 9 turn )draws x f ! heat ( ! sun1 ?us  
produc+ a daily *ange ( temp]ature4 ,h[ 
is ?is diurnal *ange ( temp]ature       
alleviat$8  ,?is 0 address$ to all1 b no
 "o answ]$4 ,mr4 ,hume1 ,i %\ld be glad 
to h y sugge/ ! answ]4  ,!re are two    
*ief ag5cies1 ,mr4 ,hume repli$--fir/1 !
 absorption ( heat dur+ ! day & !       
radiation ( t heat dur+ ! night2 &1     
secondly1 ! =mation ( wat]y vapor dur+ !
 day & ! deposition ( dew by night4  ,! 
fir/ ( ^! ag5cies1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 is
 s pla9 t v little explanation ne$ be   
made4 ,dur+ ! day1 :ile ! sun is %9+ & !
 temp]ature is ris+1 ! surface ( ! e>?1 
! rocks1 ! trees1 & all ?+s are absorb+ 
heat4 ,?is heat is1 s to speak1 laid up 
9 /ore1 ready = use 9 "t ( ne$4 ,9 due  
"t ! sun s9ks l[ & sets beh9d ! horizon2
 ! supply ( heat is cut (f & !          
temp]ature beg9s to fall4 ,!n all ^?    
objects :i* dur+ ! day 7 lay+ up heat 9 
/ore beg9 to radiate heat into ! air1 & 

by _! contact ) x keep up its w>m?4     
,commonly1 ! temp]ature falls s l[ t    
bodies radiate m heat ?an !y absorb be=e
 ! sett+ ( ! sun4 ,9 ?is process wat]   
plays a v conspicu\s "p4 ,y w call to   
m9d :at 0 said be=e ab\t ! l>ge specific
 heat ( wat]4 ,by means ( ?is1 wat] is  
able to /ore up heat 9 l>ge am\nts--l>g]
 9 proportion to its weight ?an any o!r 
sub/ance except hydrog5 gas4 ,! heat t  
is /or$ up dur+ ! day is giv5 (f by     
contact ) ! air & by radiation dur+ !   
night4  ,b wat] plays a /ill m important
 "p 9 mod]at+ ! daily fluctuations (    
temp]ature by ! process ( evaporation & 
! =mation ( dew4 ,call to m9d :at 0 said
 ( ! =mation ( vapor :5 we 7 speak+ (   
lat5t heat4 ,heat wat] to two hundr$ &  
twelve degrees--! boil+ po9t3 x mu/ /ill
 be heat$ a long "t be=e x evaporates4  
,boil+ wat] mu/ receive five & a half   
times m heat to give x ! =m ( vapor ?an 
to raise x f ! freez+ to ! boil+ po9t2 t
 is1 ab\t "o ?\s& degrees ( heat are    
requir$ to turn boil+ hot wat] to vapor4

 ,! same am\nt ( heat is requir$ = !    
=mation ( vapor :atev] ! temp]ature ( ! 
wat] f :i* ! vapor rises4 ,!re is only  
?is diff]5ce--vapor f cold wat] is cold1
 :ile vapor f hot wat] is hot4          
,evaporation goes on m rapidly 9        
proportion z ! temp]ature rises1 b vapor
 is =m$ at all temp]atures4 ,evaporation
 goes on f ice4 ,! ,alp9e glaci]s1 or   
riv]s ( ice1 s9k away sev]al feet by    
evaporation f _! surface dur+ _! sl[    
c\rse ( _m ye>s d[n ! m\nta9 rav9es4    
,?is process ( evaporation goes on1 ,i  
say1 dur+ ! day1 & 9 ! =mation ( vapor  
an am\nt ( heat :i* w\ld raise an equal 
weight ( wat] ?r\gh "o ?\s& degrees (   
temp]ature is us$ up4  ,?is vapor :i* is
 =m$ is n support$ by ! air1 z m5       
commonly suppose4 ,x is true t cl\ds are
 held up by ! atmosph]e1 b cl\ds are    
cond5s$ vapor--m9ute globules ( wat]    
float+ 9 ! air4 ,vapor is invisible4 ,y 
mu/ h notic$ t /eam is invisible till x 
is cond5s$ by contact ) ! cold] air4    
,vapor re/s ^u ! e>? & supports itself  

by its own ela/ic =ce1 j z ! atmosph]e  
supports itself4 ,! pres5ce ( air makes 
no diff]5ce ) ! =mation ( vapor1 except 
t 9 a vacuum vapor =ms v mu* m rapidly1 
because no air /&s 9 its way4 ,b at any 
giv5 temp]ature1 9 ! air or 9 a vacuum1 
! same am\nt ( vapor rises 9 due "t1 & !
 same am\nt c support itself4 ,vapor    
seems to circulate betwe5 ! atoms ( air1
 z s& fills ! spaces betwe5 m>bles4 ,at 
! temp]ature ( f\r degrees bel[ z]o     
vapor equal to two-?irds ( an in* ( wat]
 c be =m$ & support itself by its       
ela/icity2 t is1 ! ela/ic =ce ( vapor at
 f\r degrees bel[ z]o is equal to       
two-fif?s ( an ounce p] squ>e in*2 at   
?irty-six degrees vapor equal to two &  
two-?irds in*es ( wat] c support itself2
 at eighty degrees vapor equal to ?irte5
 in*es ( wat] c exi/2 at "o hundr$ &    
sev5ty-n9e degrees1 sev5te5 feet2 & at  
two hundr$ & twelve degrees ne>ly       
?irty-f\r feet2 t is1 vapor at two      
hundr$ & twelve degrees has an ela/ic   
=ce ( fifte5 p\nds to ! squ>e in*4 ,let 

u suppose t at sunrise ! air has a      
temp]ature ( ?irty-six degrees1 & t z   
mu* vapor is already =m$ z c su/a9      
itself at t temp]ature4 ,z ! sun %$s d[n
 8 rays ! temp]ature rises & m vapor is 
=m$4 ,we w suppose t half an in* ( wat] 
is evaporat$4 ,"s ( ?is vapor w be c>ri$
 by asc5d+ curr5ts ( air into ! high]   
regions & cond5s$ into cl\ds1 "s w be   
c>ri$ by w9ds into dri] & w>m] regions1 
yet ! am\nt ( vapor w increase dur+ !   
day4 ,we w suppose t dur+ ! night !     
temp]ature falls aga9 to ?irty-six      
degrees2 all ! excess ( vapor above two 
in*es & two-?irds ( wat] w be cond5s$ & 
become dew or fog1 & 9 ?is cond5sation !
 ?\s& degrees ( heat absorb$ 9 ! =mation
 ( ! vapor w be giv5 out aga94 ,if vapor
 equal to "o in* ( wat] be cond5s$1 heat
 is set free suffici5t to boil a %eet ( 
ice wat]1 five & a half in*es 9         
?ickness1 ext5d+ ov] ! :ole region2 t   
is1 x w\ld be all ! same z if a fire 7  
k9dl$ on e squ>e rod ( l& hot en\gh to  
boil dur+ ! night m ?an tw5ty b>rels (  

ice wat]4 ,9 ?is illu/ration ,i h       
suppos$ a l>g] cond5sation ?an commonly 
takes place1 b v mu* less ?an is        
conceivable4 ,suppose t ! temp]ature is 
eighty degrees1 & t1 z is possible1 m   
?an "o foot ( wat] exi/s 9 ! /ate (     
vapor4 ,let ! temp]ature fall to        
?irty-six degrees1 & full t5 in*es (    
wat] mu/ be cond5s$1 sett+ free heat :i*
 w\ld boil f\r & a half feet ( ice wat]4
 ,s l>ge a cond5sation z ?is nev] takes 
place 9 twelve h\rs1 p>tly because !    
full am\nt ( vapor :i* might be =m$ is  
nev] actually produc$1 & p>tly because !
 cond5sation ( b a small "p ( ?is vapor 
w\ld *eck ! fall ( temp]ature & prev5t  
f>!r cond5sation4 ,! supposition t ,i h 
made %[s ! possibilities ( ?is me?od (  
mod]at+ extremes ( heat & cold4 ,7 x n =
 ^! processes1 our days w\ld be mu* w>m]
 & our nights mu* cool] ?an !y n[ are4  
,by ! =mation ( vapor ! excess ( heat   
dur+ ! day is /or$ up 9 a lat5t =m2 t   
is1 x is us$1 n z heat1 b z =ce1 & is   
employ$ 9 br++ ! atoms ( wat] into new  

relation%ip2 dur+ ! night ! vapor       
returns to its =m] /ate z wat]1 & !     
heat-=ce aga9 becomes s5sible heat4 ,?us
 ! day is cool$ & ! night made w>m]4    
,ansel1 h y ev] he>d ! 'dew po9t' spok5 
(8  ,yes1 sir1 ,i h4  ,d y "k :at is    
meant by x8  ,t po9t or degree (        
temp]ature at :i* dew beg9s to be =m$4  
,^u :at does ! dew po9t dep5d8  ,^u !   
am\nt ( vapor 9 ! air4  ,t is "r1       
,ansel4 ,if at any "t ! full possible   
am\nt ( vapor %\ld exi/1 any dim9ution (
 ! temp]ature mu/1 ( c\rse1 cause dew to
 be deposit$4 ,d y "k1 ,ansel1 h[ to    
asc]ta9 ! dew po9t at any "t8  ,no1 sir1
 ,i d n4  ,!re is a beautiful in/rum5t  
kn[n z ,daniell's ,hygromet] :i* %[s !  
dew po9t z a !rmomet] %[s ! temp]ature4 
,b any "o c easily det]m9e ! dew po9t   
)\t a special in/rum5t = t purpose4 ,p\r
 w>m wat] into a glass pit*] or goblet  
^: out] surface has be5 wip$ p]fectly   
dry1 & poli%$4 ,into ?is set a common   
!rmomet]4 ,cool d[n ?is w>m wat] by     
dropp+ into x small pieces ( ice1 &     

notice c>efully :5 ! poli%$ glass beg9s 
to be dimm$ z if x _h be5 brea!d ^u4 ,:5
 t beg9s to take place ! !rmomet] w %[ !
 dew po9t4 ,9 ?is mann] we c det]m9e !  
am\nt ( vapor 9 ! air1 & by e/imat+ !   
probable temp]ature ( ! night judge ( ! 
probability t dew w fall4  ,i h notic$  
"s ?+s1 said ,pet]1 ab\t ! =mation ( dew
 :i* ,i d n und]/&1 & ,i wi% v mu* to   
ask ab\t !m4  ,i %\ld be glad to he> y\r
 que/ions1 & w answ] !m if ,i c4  ,i h  
notic$ t dew falls on cle> nights1 b n v
 (t5 on cl\dy nights4 ,i don't see :y t 
is s4  ,h y ev] notic$ :e!r cl\dy nights
 or cle> nights are ! w>m]8  ,cl\dy     
nights are commonly w>m]1 ,i ?9k1 b ,i  
nev] c\ld see ! reason = t1 ei!r4  ,c y 
tell :y a newspap] spread ov] a tomato  
v9e keeps ! fro/ f ! v9e8  ,because !   
fro/ comes ^u ! pap] in/ead ( ! v9e1 (  
c\rse4  ,b :y d y say1 ( c\rse8 ,:y does
 n ! dew--= fro/ is no?+ b dew froz5 z x
 =ms--come ^u ! "u side ( ! pap]8  ,h[  
c\ld ! dew fall ^u ! "u side8  ,t is j !
 po9t :i* we ne$ fir/ ( all to und]/&4  

,m5 commonly speak ( dew z if x fell4 ,i
 don't "k b ,i h spok5 ( ! fall+ ( dew 9
 ?is lesson4 ,b dew does n fall at all4 
,! vapor simply t\*es "s cold object1 & 
is cond5s$ ^u x4 ,! vapor by its        
ela/icity presses aga9/ ! cold body1 & !
 process ( cond5sation cont9ues until   
ei!r ! body is w>m$ by ! heat set free s
 t its temp]ature rises above ! dew     
po9t1 or till ! vapor is s f> exhau/$ t 
! dew po9t falls bel[ ! exi/+           
temp]ature4 ,dew is =m$ ^u ! upp]       
surface & n ^u ! "u1 because ! upp]     
surface is cool & ! "u surface is w>m]4 
,b5ea? ! pap] spread ov] ! tomato v9e1 !
 e>? is radiat+ heat & ! pap] is radiat+
 x back aga94 ,if ! pap] 7 n !re1 ! heat
 w\ld be radiat$ into space & n return$ 
aga94 ,! v9e w\ld soon radiate away its 
little /ore ( heat1 its temp]ature w\ld 
s9k1 bel[ ! dew po9t1 & dew or fro/ w\ld
 be deposit$ ^u x4 ,! "u surfaces (     
objects are kept w>m by ! radiation f ! 
e>?4 ,9 ! same mann] cl\ds are wrapp$   
ar\nd ! e>? & keep x w>m by radiat+ back

 its radiant heat4 ,dew is n =m$ on     
cl\dy nights1 because !y are w>m]3 !    
cl\ds ?r[ back ! heat :i* o!rwise w\ld  
be lo/ 9 op5 space4  ,i nev] knew be=e1 
said ,pet]1 t cl\ds 7 ( any great use   
except to s5d d[n ra94  ,we %all see 9 !
 c\rse ( our lessons t cl\ds are ( v    
great use 9 w>m+ ! e>? 9 o!r ways1 z    
well z by s]v+ z blankets & radiat+ back
 ! heat :i* o!rwise w\ld escape4  ,i    
want$ also to ask :y dew falls--,i mean1
 is =m$--on grass & leaves ( plants :ile
 /ones are dry4  ,i w answ] y\r "q by   
ask+ ano!r4 ,did y ev] see b>efoot boys 
runn+ 9 ! cold dew /op & /& ^u a /one or
 rock to get _! feet w>m8  ,oh yes1 sir2
 ,i h done x myself4  ,:y did y /& ^u a 
rock8  ,because ,i _h le>n$ t ! rocks   
w\ld be w>m4  ,i ?9k t answ]s y\r "q4 ,!
 rocks & /ones are w>m] ?an ! grass & ! 
leaves4 ,! blades ( grass & ! leaves are
 ?9 & po9t$ & r\gh1 & h a v l>ge radiat+
 surface4 ,!y h b little heat1 & t      
little !y "p ) rapidly4 ,! rocks &      
/ones1 on ! o!r h&1 are bulky1 & conta9 

a mu* l>g] /ore ( heat1 _! radiat+      
surface is comp>atively small2 only "o  
side is expos$1 ! o!r be+ cov]$ by ! w>m
 e>?1 f :i* !y are dr9k+ 9 heat almo/ z 
rapidly z !y lose x4 ,!y !re=e d n lose 
heat en\gh to s9k _! temp]ature to ! dew
 po9t4  ,s mu*1 !n1 = ! means employ$ to
 mod]ate ! *anges ( temp]ature f day to 
night & f night to day4 ,b ^u ! sea-coa/
 & ^u c]ta9 isl&s ( ! sea ano!r ag5cy is
 employ$4 ,w "s "o sugge/ :at ?is ag5cy 
is8  ,no "o else answ]$1 & f9ally ,mr4  
,hume said3 ,i suppose1 ( c\rse1 t y    
ref] to ! l& & sea breezes8  ,?is is :at
 ,i _h 9 m9d4 ,dur+ ! day ! l& is w>m]  
?an ! sea1 & ! breeze f ! sea bl[+ ^u ! 
l& cools ! air4 ,dur+ ! night ! l&      
radiates its heat m rapidly ?an ! wat]1 
& soon ! sea becomes ! w>m]4 ,!n a      
breeze spr+s up 9 ! opposite direction2 
! cool] air ( ! l& fl[s out ^u ! sea4   
,by ?is means ! air ^u ! l& & ! air ^u !
 sea are daily comm+l$1 ?us secur+ a m  
ev5 temp]ature ^u ! l&4 ,?is s(t5s !    
extremes ( daily temp]ature4 ,i make    

only ?is brief ref]5ce to ! l& & sea    
breezes1 because 9 ano!r connection we  
%all exam9e ! g5]al subject ( w9ds & _! 
influ5ce 9 ! equalization ( temp]ature4 
,! result ( all ^! influ5ces is t !     
*anges ( temp]ature f day to night & f  
night to day1 :ile n inconsid]able1 are 
by no means de/ructive1 & 9 _m cases are
 no great] ?an is refre%+ & agreeable4  
,^! ag5cies rem9d u e day ( ! wise      
provision ( ! ,creator = ! well-be+ ( 8 
creatures4 ',day unto day utt]e? spee* &
 night unto night %[e? k4 ,!re is no    
spee* nor language :]e _! voice is n    
he>d4' ,?is c>e = ! e>?ly well-be+ ( m5 
is b a type ( 8 c>e = _! spiritual      
happ9ess4 ,! plan ( salvation1 & ! ways 
( div9e provid5ce work+ 9 accordance    
!re)1 are m wond]ful bo? 9 _! means & _!
 end ?an ! greate/ ( ! works ( ,nature4 
,if :ile we /udy ! natural we =get !    
sup]natural1 we commit ! greate/ mi/ake3
 we pass by ! great] to exam9e ! less4  
,! natural is valuable only z x leads to
 ! spiritual4     ,,*apt] ,,ix4  ,,!    

,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,suff]+4   ,y mu/ "k1 ,mr4
 ,wilton1 said ,mr4 ,hume1 t my m9d is  
full ( objections1 :e!r ,i speak !m out 
or keep sil5ce4 ,i h look$ s long ^u "o 
side only t ,i f9d x h>d to look ^u o!r 
sides also2 & if !re be a ,satan1 z !   
,bible tea*es1 ,i ?9k he mu/ be m>%al+  
all 8 legions to ov]:elm me by ! =ce ( 8
 impetu\s assaults4 ,i _c disguise !    
fact--,i d n attempt to disguise x--t my
 m9d is n at ease4 ,x us$ to be at re/1 
at lea/ comp>atively s--n happy1 yet n  
agitat$ & di/ress$4 ,my he>t 0 n        
satisfi$1 b ,i believ$ t my position (  
unbelief 0 logically impregnable4 ,b ,i 
confess x1 my unbelief has ( late be5   
%ak54 ,i am no long] cont5t$4 ,h[ ,i    
came into ?is /ate1 ,i d n "k4 ,i am    
c]ta9 t my pres5t unre/ 0 n produc$ by !
 =ce ( argum5ts :i* ,i _h he>d4 ,x seems
 to me z if x sprang up uncaus$4 ,! old 
argum5ts :i* ,i h ?\ght impregnable d n 
n[ satisfy me4 ,:y1 ,i _c tell4 ,i ?9k  
?is /atem5t is due to y to expla9 my    
position 9 y\r ,bible class1 & also to  

prep>e ! way = a "q :i* ,i wi% v mu* to 
propose4 ,i h no objections to make to !
 m>ks ( wisdom & b5evol5t design se5 9 !
 works ( creation :i* ,i _c myself answ]
 & remove4 ,good-w & goodness to !      
inhabitants ( ! e>? lie on ! v surface (
 ?+s2 or1 if ,i g b5ea? ! surface1 ,i   
f9d !m no less manife/ 9 ! pr(\nde/ &   
subtle/ arrangem5ts ( ! univ]se4 ,if ,i 
say1 ',?is is all ! "w ( *ance1' my v   
language is self-contradictory & looks  
me out ( c\nt5ance1 = ! v idea ( *ance  
is ! opposite ( wise & ord]ly           
arrangem5t4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 design & 
*ance is t ! "o works by ord]ly         
arrangem5ts adapt$ to ! accompli%m5t ( a
 =ese5 end1 :ile ! o!r %[s itself 9     
*aotic disord]1 ) no adaptation to !    
accompli%m5t ( a purpose4 ,to say t a   
univ]se l ?is1 fill$ 9 e "p ) ord] &    
beauty1 ) subtle & unse5 elem5ts &      
ag5cies work+ out into ! bolde/ relief 9
 ! accompli%m5t ( b5efic5t ends1 all    
m9ute elem5ts bl5d+ 9 ! sublime sweep ( 
! univ]sal plan1--to say t su* a univ]se

 is ! "w ( *ance is to use language )\t 
mean+4  ,if ,i d5y a provid5tial plan 9 
! creation & gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 &         
attribute to brute matt] a nature t1 by 
its own inh]5t =ce1 spontane\sly        
develops into all ^! contrivances ( use 
& beauty1 ,i see t ! wisdom ( ! :ole    
univ]se is conc5trat$ 9 ! nature (      
matt]1 &1 if x be possible1 inf9ite     
subtlety ( design is d\bly manife/4 ,to 
create a ma*9e :i*1 ^u its elem5ts be+  
?r[n into an indiscrim9ate pile1 %all   
arrange itself1 adapt "p to "p1 & set   
itself 9 motion2 :i* %all repair all its
 breaks1 produce o!r ma*9es z curi\s z  
itself1 & ?us reproduce itself &        
p]petuate its exi/5ce = ev]--t w\ld     
c]ta9ly be ! acme ( intellig5t design4  
,or if ,i g f>!r & d5y a ,creator1      
ascrib+ to ! univ]se an et]nal1 uncreat$
 exi/5ce1 ,i see t ,i only entangle     
myself 9 a complication ( difficulties4 
,i f9d myself /&+ face to face ) !      
be/-e/abli%$ facts ( geology4 ,if ! fact
 t ! animal tribes :i* inhabit ! e>?1 & 

especially ! human race1 _h a beg9n+ be 
n well e/abli%$1 !n no fact 9 geological
 sci5ce c be reckon$ z fix$4 ,geology   
has ov]turn$ ! idea ( an inf9ite s]ies (
 g5]ations ( animals & m54 ,nor d ,i see
 t ,i ga9 any advantage or give any     
explanation ( ! univ]se by attribut+ to 
matt] ev]y?+ :i* o!rs ref] to an        
intellig5t & almighty ,creator4 ,!      
di/9ction betwe5 m9d & matt] is t m9d is
 end[$ ) intellig5ce & w1 :ile matt] has
 nei!r intellig5ce nor w1 b only bl9d   
=ces1 bl9d attractions & repulsions4 ,if
 ,i attribute ! ord]1 beauty1 design1 & 
b5evol5ce ( ! univ]se to m]e matt]1 ,i  
clo! matt] ) ! attributes ( _s4 ,9 fact1
 ,i only set up ano!r ,god & ascribe to 
! univ]se a true div9ity4 ,i make myself
 a k9d ( pan!i/1 inve/+ all matt] ) !   
attributes ( m9d & _s4 ,all ?is ,i h    
pond]$ ov] = _m a day1 & ,i _c d5y t a  
belief 9 an intellig5t ,creator ( !     
univ]se is logically m satisfactory4 ,b 
!re is "o "q :i* confronts me at e turn4
 ,i suppose t ,i might at l5g? "w out an

 answ] = myself & t ,i %\ld n[ see !    
explanation if all my ?9k+ = s _m ye>s  
_h n be5 ^u ! o!r side4  ,i am afraid t 
,i %all n be able to give y             
satisfaction1 repli$ ,mr4 ,wilton1 b ,i 
%all be glad to he> y\r "q4 ,i c at lea/
 appreciate y\r /ate1 & sympa?ize ) y 9 
y\r grop+ & /ruggl+4 ,i am glad t y are 
walk+ ! road y h j describ$4 ,y say t y 
d n "k :at has br\ght y to y\r pres5t   
/ate4 ,i c easily tell y3 y\r exp]i5ce  
at ?is po9t is n s+ul>2 ,i ?9k ! ,holy  
,_s ( ,god has be5 lead+ y & has br\ght 
y to y\r pres5t position4 ,i tru/ 9 ,god
 t he w lead y /ill f>!r4 ,y h great    
cause = ?ankfulness & great cause =     
trembl+4 ,let me caution y3 be c>eful h[
 y treat ! div9e ,_s2 walk s(tly2 be    
hone/1 s9c]e1 & simple-he>t$ z a little 
*ild4 ',except a man become z a little  
*ild1 he _c see ! k+dom ( ,god4' ,above 
all ?+s1 be s9c]e & /raight=w>d4 ,deal  
truly & frankly ) ! ,_s4 ,if y w only be
 hone/ & frank1--hone/ & frank to       
y\rself1 hone/ & frank to all m51 hone/ 

& frank ) ,god1--,god w soon give y     
cause to praise him & love him = ev] &  
ev]4 ,b :at is ! "q :i* y wi%$ to       
propose8  ,my difficulty is ?is3 ,along 
) ! _m arrangem5ts = conf]r+ enjoym5t & 
promot+ ! well-be+ ( man are o!r        
arrangem5ts = suff]+4 ,man is made z    
capable ( suff]+ z ( enjoym5t1 & !re are
 appliances provid$ :i* are c]ta9 to    
inflict t pa9 ( :i* man is capable4 ,h[ 
is ?is provision = suff]+ 9 man & 9 all 
s5ti5t creatures consi/5t ) ! b5evol5ce 
else:]e %[n8 ,h[ are we to comb9e ^! two
 sets ( arrangem5ts 9 our ?9k+8  ,a full
 unfold+ ( ! m9i/ry ( pa9 9 ! good      
provid5ce ( ,god w\ld lead u entirely   
aside f our c\rse ( /udy4  ,b = me1 said
 ,mr4 ,hume1 e>ne/ly1 x w\ld be n at all
 aside2 = if ,i c once see t ! provision
 = suff]+ made 9 ! con/itution ( man & (
 ,nature is n repugnant to ! idea ( a   
wise & good ,creator & ,dispos] ( human 
affairs1 ,i w admit :atev] y %all h to  
say aft]w>d1 & ,i %all feel t ! gospel (
 ,*ri/ comes to man & comes to me ) a   

moral =ce :i* ought n to be resi/$4 ,i  
"k t ,i h no "r to come into y\r class &
 ask y to turn aside f y\r c\rse ( /udy1
 & ! gospel c]ta9ly owes no?+ to me1 yet
 ,i d hope y w give ! op9ions :i* y hold
 ^u ?is subject1 if y h =m$ any positive
 op9ions4  ,i am sure1 exclaim$ ,pet]1 t
 we %all all be v glad to h y sp5d ! "t 
( ?is lesson 9 speak+ ( ?is subject4  ,b
 h[ w\ld x please y if my talk ^u !     
m9i/ry ( pa9 %\ld prove to be v mu* l a 
s]mon8  ,i ?9k we l y\r s]mons4 ,i "k t 
we 7 nev] s mu* int]e/$ 9 !m z n[4  ,v  
well1 !n2 ,i w give y1 z ,mr4 ,hume     
says1 "s ( my conclusions t\*+ ?is matt]
 ( pa9 & suff]+2 & if my op9ions are n  
satisfactory or d n cov] ! facts 9 !    
case1 x w n be because ,i h giv5 !      
subject little ?\ght or h _h little     
exp]i5ce ( suff]+4 ,! ,"l has l$ me by a
 rugg$ road2 he has giv5 me te>s to dr9k
 & m+l$ my cup ) weep+4 ,b = ?is ,i ?ank
 him1 & ,i expect1 :5 ,i %all look back 
f ! life to come ^u my e>?ly c\rse1 to  
see my days ( pa9 & grief %9+ m brightly

 ?an ! h\rs ( radiant sun%9e4  ,fir/ (  
all1 !n1 ,i believe t ) ! cle>          
exhibition ( b5evol5t design :i* we see 
9 ?is _w we ought n to d\bt ! goodness (
 ! ,creator1 ev5 if we c give no        
rational explanation ( ! suff]+ :i*     
ab\nds4 ,we ought n to believe1 we _c   
believe1 t ! ,creator's own attributes  
are self-contradictory & antagoni/ic1 t 
! same inf9ite ,be+ is bo? good & evil1 
p>tly b5evol5t & p>tly malignant4 ,if   
,god is good at all1 he is :olly good4  
,nor c we believe t a good be+ & an evil
 be+--,god & ,satan--hold jo9t sway ov] 
! univ]se & co-op]at$ 9 ! "w ( creation1
 & t ! good is to be ascrib$ to ! "o1 & 
! pa9 & suff]+ to ! o!r4 ,:e!r we c     
expla9 x or n1 we mu/ believe t !re is a
 good reason = ! exi/5ce ( suff]+2      
unless1 inde$1 we c\nt ! infliction (   
pa9 ! *ief end ( ! creation1 & ref] !   
happ9ess :i* m5 enjoy to "s incid5tal   
arrangem5ts n contemplat$ z important 9 
! "w ( creation4 ,b no sane man c ?9k t 
?is _w is ! "w ( a demon seek+ to fill !

 e>? ) groans & wret*$ness4 ,our        
consci5ces & our reason alike require u 
to believe 9 ! supremacy ( goodness4  ,9
 pres5t+ my views1 ,i ( c\rse _c attempt
 to prove ev]y?+ f ! beg9n+3 ,i mu/ take
 "s ?+s = grant$ betwe5 u4 ,we mu/ />t )
 ! admission t !re is a ,god1 & t he is 
a righte\s1 moral gov]nor4 ,we mu/ at   
lea/ believe :at ,paul decl>es to be    
ne$ful3 ',he t come? to ,god mu/ believe
 t he is1 & t he is a rew>d] ( !m t     
dilig5tly seek him4' ,we mu/ also       
believe our own consci5ces :5 !y te/ify 
t m5 are responsible1 free moral actors1
 & t s9 & guilt are n false notions     
aris+ f diseas$ & morbid m5tal          
conditions1 b realities1 true ideas :i* 
arise 9 ! m9d :5 x works z ,god design$4
 ,d y freely admit ^! po9ts ( belief1   
,mr4 ,hume8  ,yes1 sir2 ,i c\ld n ask y 
to prove e po9t t\*$ ^u 9 ! argum5t1 = t
 w\ld require half a score ( volumes1   
nor w ,i d5y ! te/imony ( my own        
consci5ce t !re is a ,god1 & t m5 are   
rightly responsible to him4  ,/>t+1 !n1 

) ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples1 we w look    
fir/ at ! provision made = physical pa94
 ,m5 &1 ,i suppose1 all liv+ creatures  
are creat$ ) ! capacity ( suff]+4 ,!    
same n]ves ( s5sation :i* if excit$     
naturally give rise to pleasure may be  
excit$ unnaturally & inflict pa94 ,b :y 
n end[ liv+ creatures ) n]ves ( s5sation
 :i* c\ld exp]i5ce pleasure1 b c\ld n   
feel pa98 ,is ?is possible8 ,p]haps s1 b
 no man c affirm x ) c]ta9ty4 ,i d n ?9k
 t any man c cle>ly conceive su* a ?+4  
,to u ! capacity ( enjoy+ & t ( suff]+  
seem insep>able4 ,b !re is no ne$ (     
insi/+ ^u ?is po9t1 = ! capacity ( feel+
 pa9 is a mo/ b5evol5t provision ( !    
,creator = ! b5efit ( liv+ creatures4 ,x
 is design$ to save life & limb4 ,pa9 is
 ! s5t9el set to gu>d ! outpo/s ( !     
citadel ( life4 ,if !re 7 no pa91 m5    
w\ld ?ru/ _! h&s into flames )\t kn[+ x4
 ,!y w\ld indulge 9 all mann] (         
de/ructive excesses1 & no suff]+s w\ld  
w>n !m ( dang]4 ,!y w\ld dr9k poison1 & 
no pa9 w\ld bid !m make ha/e to take !  

antidote4 ,te> m5 limb f limb1 hew !m 9 
pieces ) ! sword1 & no pa9ful s5sations 
w\ld r\se !m to self-def5ce4 ,)\t ?is   
b5evol5t provision ( pa9 ! race ( man   
c\ld h>dly be sav$ f ext9ction4 ,h[ mu* 
m w\ld ?is be true ( ! animal tribes1   
:i* are :olly dep5d5t on in/9ct =       
guidance & impulse to action6 ,we       
accord+ly f9d pa9 possible 9 ^? p>ts ( !
 body :]e pa9 c subs]ve ! purpose (     
protection2 else:]e no provision is made
 = pa94 ,n]ves ( s5sation ab\nd 9 ^?    
p>ts :i* require especial c>e or are    
especially expos$4 ,! sk9 is expos$1    
!re=e ! sk9 is well suppli$ ) n]ves4 ,! 
p>ts b5ea? ! sk9 are less expos$1 & are 
injur$ only by fir/ w\nd+ ! sk92 !y are 
!re=e less s5sitive4 ,! he>t1 ?\gh s v  
important1 is almo/ ins5sible to pa91   
because ! capacity ( suff]+ at t po9t   
w\ld conf] no protection4 ,! eye is     
delicate & requires ! greate/ c>e1 & to 
secure t ne$$ c>e ! ,creator has made x 
delicately susceptible ( pa94 ,! sole ( 
! foot1 z its "w dem&$1 0 made capable (

 be>+ ! r\ghe/ usage1 & h5ce ! sole ( ! 
foot is b little suppli$ ) n]ves (      
s5sation4 ,/ill f>!r1 :5 on acc\nt (    
injury any "p ( ! body requires unwont$ 
c>e1 provision is made t ! injur$ "p    
%all become especially s5sitive4 ,a bone
 :5 well & s\nd may be cut or saw$ almo/
 )\t pa91 b :5 ! bone is injur$ x       
becomes inflam$ & feels pa9 mo/ ke5ly4  
,:5 a limb = ! sake ( its own safety    
ought to be kept quiet1 ,nature makes x 
pa9ful to move x4 ,= ! b5evol5t object (
 pres]v+ life & gu>d+ ! well-be+ ( liv+ 
creatures pa9 is giv54 ,! provision =   
pa9 %[s ! pres5ce ( dang]1 ! liability (
 receiv+ injury1 & ! k9d design ( putt+ 
m5 on _! gu>d4 ,x is ! automatic gu>dian
 ( our happ9ess4 ,?is is all t ,i h to  
say ab\t bodily pa94  ,m5tal suff]+ &   
pa9 ( consci5ce are design$1 fir/ ( all1
 to subs]ve ! same purpose4 ,! s5se (   
guilt :5 a man commits a wick$ act is   
design$1 fir/1 to lead him to rep5tance4
 ,x is ! div9e al>um plac$ )9 ! s\l to  
rem9d m5 t !y h done evil & receiv$     

moral damage :i* mu/ be repair$4 ,x is !
 moral goad :i* pricks m5 to w>n !m to  
turn f wick$ness4 ,if evil-do+ 7 z      
pleasant z well-do+1 m5 w\ld see no     
diff]5ce betwe5 "r & wrong2 all moral   
ideas w\ld be subv]t$ & ! glory & beauty
 ( man w\ld be trail$ 9 ! du/4  ,b a    
guilty consci5ce cont9ues to tr\ble     
wick$ m5 aft] ! day ( rep5tance has     
pass$2 ,remorse inde$ seems to rise up )
 pret]natural p[] :5 ,m]cy has )drawn = 
ev] f ! sight ( ,hope4 ,:at is ! mean+ (
 ?is8 ,x means t :i* we admitt$ 9 !     
beg9n+1 t s9n]s are guilty 9 ,god's     
sight1 t guilt is a real ?+ & des]ves   
puni%m5t1 & t ,god1 ! holy & righte\s   
,k+ ( m51 does actually puni% ! guilty4 
,god is holy & abhors s94 ,remorse (    
consci5ce is ! %ad[ ( ! ,creator's fr[n1
 ! voice ( 8 et]nal indignation e*o+ &  
re-e*o+ 9 ! s\l ( man4 ,x is ! div9e    
wra? p5etrat+ ! human _s & mak+ itself  
felt4 ,z ! holy ,god abhors s9 = ev]1 ! 
wick$ mu/ expect to feel t abhorr5ce =  
ev]4 ,he :o puts himself into a         

rebelli\s position t[>d 8 ,creator mu/  
/& 9 t unnatural attitude guilty &      
suff]+4 ,we c conceive t ?is %\ld be    
o!rwise only by subv]t+ ! f\ndations ( !
 moral _w4 ,be+s creat$ 9 ! image (     
,god1 creat$ ) a consci5ce & moral      
affections1 creat$ ) moral fre$om1 c    
atta9 bless$ness only by aspir+ to      
heav5ly ?+s & becom+ ,god-l4 ,if !y     
break away f ! div9e w & ord]1 !y mu/   
suff] ! div9e fr[n1 !y mu/ feel t fr[n4 
,h[ c ,god make 8 fr[n felt except by   
look+ pa91 s to speak1 into ! s9n]'s    
consci5ce8  ,b ?is :ole subject ( pa9 & 
suff]+ d]ives a d\ble significance f !  
fact t ! human race is a fall5 race1    
ali5at$ f ,god by wick$ works1 yet "u a 
m]ciful disp5sation 9 :i* !y are call$  
to return to ob$i5ce4 ,!re is no moral  
quality good & beautiful to our eyes or 
pleas+ to ,god 9 :i* m5 are n altoge!r  
lack+1 & :at is /ill worse1 m5 gr[ 9    
evil2 _! la/ /ate is worse ?an ! fir/4  
,!re is no heal+ p[] 9 ! man :i* c      
r5ovate 8 he>t & br+ him back to        

hol9ess4 ,x w\ld seem z if "s satanic   
p[] 7 hurry+ ! human race along ! road  
to ru94 ,if m5 are to be sav$1 x mu/ be 
by a =ce ( r5ovation outside ( !mselves1
 :i* %all rev]se ! evil bias ( _!       
nature4 ,y say t ! _w seems fitt$ to    
develop man's capacity = suff]+1 & t ?is
 appe>s to be z mu* a "p ( ! div9e plan 
z ! imp>tation ( happ9ess4 ,:at1 ?9k y1 
w\ld be ! result if ! human race 7      
plant$ 9 a _w :]e no?+ c\ld give pa91   
:]e ev]y?+ w\ld af=d gratification8     
,:at1 ,mr4 ,hume1 d y ?9k ! effect w\ld 
be ^u creatures su* z we all "k m5 to   
be8  ,i h>dly d>e answ] ) ! little ?\ght
 ,i h giv5 to ! subject4 ,i w\ld r li/5 
?an speak4  ,i h notic$1 exclaim$       
,ansel1 t ^? boys :o h ev]y?+ done to   
suit !m at home are ! mo/ unmanageable 9
 s*ool & ! mo/ disagreeable to play )4  
,picture to y\rselves1 cont9u$ ,mr4     
,wilton1 a man :o f *ildhood %\ld h no?+
 to suff]1 no pa9 or we>9ess or h>dness 
to be>4 ,f *ildhood he has no bodily    
pa91 & ! com=ts ( life are s c>efully & 

b\ntifully provid$ t he receives no     
unpleasant s5sation4 ,w9t] nev] *ills   
him1 summ] nev] heats him4 ,8 slighte/  
wants are all anticipat$4 ,all 8        
s5sations are pleasure4 ,let ! same be  
true ( 8 m9d4 ,8 w is nev] cross$2      
:atev] he wi%es is giv5 him2 !re is no  
call = self-d5ial or self-control or    
ab/95ce or pati5ce4 ,he feels no        
pressure ( ne$ spurr+ him to ex]tion4 ,8
 :ole life is enjoym5t4 ,8 v body w\ld  
gr[ up1 n /r5g!n$ & compact$ = ex]tion1 
b fitt$ only = ! s(tness ( indol5ce &   
ease4 ,8 w w\ld be ! selfi%ness ( self-w
 r ?an an intellig5t1 reasonable        
self-control4 ,!re w\ld be no t5d]ness &
 p[] ( love1 no endurance & pati5ce 9   
labor1 no /r5g? ( moral purpose "u      
temptation1 no self-d5ial &             
self-sacrifice ( love = ! good ( o!rs or
 = ! atta9m5t ( a high] bless$ness1 no  
fai? 9 ,god nurtur$ 9 d>kness & trial4  
,we %\ld h a mu%room gr[? ( luxuri\s    
ta/es & indol5t ease1 impulsiv5ess &    
impati5ce1 /r5g? only 9 selfi%1         

passionate self-w & rampant1 luxuriant  
vices4 ,no o!r result w\ld be possible )
 creatures l u4 ,/r5g? is develop$ only 
"u circum/ances :i* call = ! ex]cise (  
/r5g?4 ,a c]ta9 h>dness & h>dihood (    
liv+ is ne$$ to develop a manly body4   
,resolute intellectual ex]tion 9 ! face 
( difficulties is dem&$ to educate !    
m5tal faculties4 ,an e>?ly life n :olly 
satisfactory is ne$$ to awak5 9 fai?less
 m5 a long+ = a bett] l&4 ,we may look  
^u ! suff]+s ( ?is _w1 tak5 z a :ole1 z 
an expression ( ,god's displeasure at   
s94 ,h[ v mu* is su* an expression ne$$6
 ,if life 7 no?+ b pleasure1 h[         
completely m5 w\ld =get s9 & duty & ,god
 & heav56 ,all ! v>i$ exp]i5ces ( joy & 
sorr[1 ( good & ill1 ( trial & triumph1 
are ne$$ = man's spiritual discipl9e4 ,i
 ?9k y w be> me witness t ! noble/1     
sweete/1 mo/ beautiful *>act]s are f\nd 
9 ^? :o h drunk ! cup ( sorr[ to !      
dregs4  ,i _c d5y x1 ,mr4 ,wilton4 ,!re 
is old ,deacon ,smi?4 ,we all "k some?+ 
( 8 hi/ory1 ,i suppose4 ,he 0 a poor    

boy2 :5 he 0 twelve ye>s ( age 8 fa!r   
di$1 & 8 "m di$ f\r ye>s lat]4 ,b he    
work$ 8 way1 fir/ to a good education1 &
 !n to an honorable position & ample    
=tune4 ,!n ! di%one/y ( a p>tn] br\ght  
him back to pov]ty too late 9 life = him
 to recov] himself4 ,n[ 9 8 old age he  
works = a small sal>y 9 ! (fice ( ano!r4
 ,b he is z *e]ful & z grateful z if he 
_h all t he>t c\ld wi%1 & _h nev] 9 8   
life suff]$ a pang4 ,i ?9k he v]ily     
believes t ev]y?+ :i* has befall5 him   
has be5 an expression ( ,god's love =   
him4 ,he %$s no te>s except = ! griefs (
 o!rs4 ,i ?9k he truly rejoices ) ^? t  
rejoice & weeps ) ^? t weep4 ,z = fai? 9
 ,god1 ,i suppose he w\ld g into a      
lion's d5 z calmly z did ,daniel4 ,if e 
pr(essor ( religion 7 l him1 ,i am sure 
t nobody c\ld say a ^w aga9/ ! gospel4  
,i freely confess t ,deacon ,smi?'s "*  
has affect$ me m ?an all ! argum5ts ,i h
 he>d 9 favor ( ,*ri/ianity4  ,z to t1  
,mr4 ,hume1 repli$ ,mr4 ,wilton1 we h   
bo? ( u1 d\btless1 se5 m5 :o w\ld hate a

 man ! m bitt]ly 9 proportion z he %\ld 
%[ himself ,*ri/like4 ,& z to e         
*ur*-memb] be+ l ,deacon ,smi?1 we c\ld 
h>dly expect su* a "* to be nurtur$ 9 a 
day or a ye>4 ,deacon ,smi? has become  
:at he is by a lifetime ( sev]e/        
spiritual discipl9e & pati5t endeavor4  
,su* *>act]s are wr\ght out only by a   
discipl9e ( e =m ( trial4 ,?is _w is    
con/itut$ z x is = ! purpose ( giv+ j   
su* a discipl9e ( ef=t & pati5ce4  ,?is 
explanation br+s u1 h[ev]1 only to !    
ve/ibule ( ! great my/]y ( suff]+ 9 ! "w
 ( recov]+ man f ! ,fall4 ,! ,capta9 (  
our salvation1 :o put himself 9 man's   
place & took ^u himself all human       
conditions1 0 made p]fect ?r\gh suff]+4 
,! full prep>ation = 8 "w z ! ,savi\r ( 
man call$ = a discipl9e ( pa94 ,i %all n
 attempt to expla9 ?is exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/1
 b salvation br+s ! believ] into a /ate 
( pr(\nde/ & mo/ my/]i\s union ) ,*ri/4 
,! believ] mu/ walk 9 ! foot/eps (      
,jesus4 ,z ,*ri/ fir/ came into a       
condition ( sympa?y ) man1 s mu/ man    

come into a condition ( sympa?y ) him4  
,! believ] mu/ %>e & repeat1 9 a feebl] 
way1 ( c\rse1 ! exp]i5ces ( ! ,"l       
,jesus4 ,he mu/ fill up t :i* is beh9d (
 ! suff]+s ( 8 ,savi\r4 ,by ?is union ) 
,*ri/ 9 ! discipl9e ( pa9 ! ,*ri/ian is 
prep>$ = a union ( bless$ness4 ',if we  
suff]1 we %all also reign ) him4' ,h[   
broad & deep ?is union ( ! believ] )    
,*ri/ may be1 ,i _c tell4 ,i am n able  
to measure ?is idea4 ,x seems to me l "o
 ( ,god's inf9ite ?\ghts1 reveal$ 9 its 
dimness to ov]awe ! s\ls ( m5 by its    
%ad[y sublimity--se5 only en\gh to      
sugge/ h[ mu* va/] is t :i* rema9s      
unse5--an iceb]g1 "o "p /&+ out & n9e   
p>ts sunk 9 ! unfa?om$ sea4 ,x is a     
?\ght to be felt & exp]i5c$ r ?an weigh$
 & measur$ by human logic4 ,?is is all t
 ,i h to say ^u ?is subject4 ,d ^! views
 comm5d !mselves to y1 ,mr4 ,hume8  ,i d
 n "k1 0 ! reply2 ,i want to revolve !  
subject 9 my own m9d4 ,i h receiv$ "s   
new ideas1 b ,i judge t a man ne$s      
exp]i5ce 9 ?is matt] z well z ?9k+4 ,if 

,i _h ,deacon ,smi?'s exp]i5ce ( life1  
,i c\ld =m a bett] op9ion4 ,z mu* z ?is 
,i c see to be true--t provision =      
bodily pa9 is a safegu>d to ! happ9ess &
 life ( m51 & t a _w :i* %\ld anticipate
 e human want1 leav+ no?+ to be /ruggl$ 
aft] & no?+ to be endur$1 w\ld h a      
disa/r\s influ5ce ^u human "*4 ,i w     
admit t ! provision = pa9 is wise &     
good4  ,"o o!r po9t1 cont9u$ ,mr4       
,wilton1 we ought to notice be=e leav+  
?is subject4 ,! ^w ( ,god says1 ',we "k 
t all ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m :i*    
love ,god1' b x says no su* ?+ ( ^? :o d
 n love him4 ,! afflictions ( ?is life  
"w out = ! righte\s 'a f> m exce$+ &    
et]nal weight ( glory4' ,! m9i/ry ( pa9 
is a m9i/ry ( love only to ^? :o submit 
to ,*ri/4 ,to ^? :o kick at ,god's      
m]cies ! be/ bless+s turn to evils &    
curses2 to ! fai?ful 9 ,*ri/ ! greate/  
griefs & calamities become *oice        
bless+s4 ,a submissive he>t & ! ag5cy ( 
! ,holy ,_s are ne$$ to sanctify pa94 ,x
 is a great mi/ake to ?9k t all m5 are  

made bett] by afflictions4 ,only ! few  
get good f ! discipl9e ( life4 ,) _m    
p]sons tr\bles only /ir up ! wor/       
passions till !y rage l cag$ tig]s4     
,?is la/ rem>k1 ,mr4 ,wilton1 has ?r[n a
 flood ( light ^u ?is subject4 ,b x     
seems /range to me to f9d myself say+   
?is4 ,i see h[ x is t s l>ge a "p ( !   
pa9s ( life is f\nd 9 ! end to accompli%
 no good4 ,! evil rema9s evil4 ,d y ?9k 
t my long trial ( d\bt & unre/ & pa9 (  
he>t c ev] be bless$ to my good8  ,t x c
 be s bless$ to y\r good & to ! good (  
_m o!rs ,i h no d\bt2 b :e!r x w be1 ,i 
_c tell4 ,t dep5ds ^u y\rself1 ^u y\r   
com+ ?r\gh ,*ri/ to ,god z y\r heav5ly  
,fa!r4 ,x is my e>ne/ pray] t f y\r     
unre/ ( _s deep peace 9 ,*ri/ may break 
=?2 & _m o!rs unite 9 ! same4  ,i       
c]ta9ly hope1 said ,mr4 ,hume1 t my life
 may n come to no?+4 ,x seems z if      
some?+ bett] ?an a few ye>s ( m+l$ pa9 &
 pleasure1 ov]%ad[$ by mo/ pa9ful d\bt &
 d>kness & foll[$ by a plunge into      
no?+ness1 mu/ be possible = me4  ,god   

give y grace1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1        
e>ne/ly1 to =get ! ?+s :i* are beh9d1 & 
rea* out y\r h&s t[>d ! wor?ie/ de/9y6  
,b rememb] t !re is a de/9y m t]rible   
?an to cease to be1 !re is a dea? deep] 
& d>k] ?an ! grave4      ',!re is a dea?
 ^: pang       ,outla/s ! fleet+ brea?2 
,oh1 :at et]nal t]rors hang       ,ar\nd
 ! second dea?6'  ,mr4 ,wilton did n ?9k
 x be/ to attempt to draw out ,mr4 ,hume
 f>!r at t "t4 ,he saw t he appe>$ to be
 "u ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & hop$ t  
he w\ld soon exp]i5ce ! new bir? by :i* 
old ?+s pass away & all ?+s become new4 
,he knew t "t is an elem5t ev5 9 !      
op]ations ( ! ,_s1 & he fe>$ to %ake !  
b\gh too r\ghly le/ ! fruit %\ld fall   
untimely only to )] 9 8 h&4 ,happily1 ! 
sup]9t5d5t's bell br\ght ! conv]sation  
at t po9t to a natural conclusion4      
,,*apt] ,x4  ,,transportation ,,(       
,,heat4   ,to-day we come to t subject  
:i* we %\ld h look$ at a week ago1 if t 
,i hope n unpr(itable discussion ( !    
uses ( trials & ! m9i/ry ( pa9 _h n     

prev5t$4 ,we mu/ n[ exam9e ! arrangem5t 
= s(t5+ ! rigors ( w9t] & ton+ d[n !    
heat ( summ]4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple is t 9  
summ] ! e>? receives an excess ( heat1  
:ile 9 w9t] ! opposite is true4 ,^!     
extremes are mitigat$ by transf]r+ heat 
f summ] to w9t]4 ,h[ is ?is accompli%$8 
,any "o :o has ?\ghts ^u ?is subject may
 answ]4  ,i h "s ?\ghts1 said ,ansel1 b 
:e!r "r or wrong1 ,i _c tell4 ,i %\ld   
?9k heat might be c>ri$ f summ] to w9t] 
9 ! same way z f day to night4  ,:at are
 "s ( ^? means = transf]r+ heat :i* seem
 to y to op]ate ! same 9 ! annual z 9 ! 
daily *anges ( temp]ature8  ,"o is !    
absorption & radiation ( heat1 & ano!r  
is ! evaporation ( wat] & ! cond5sation 
( vapor4  ,y are "r1 said ,mr4 ,wilton4 
,! effect ( ^! op]ations 9 !            
equalization ( ! annual extremes ( heat 
is 9 no wise diff]5t f _! effect ^u !   
temp]ature ( day & night1 b f summ] to  
w9t] _! effect is va/] & m impressive4  
,dur+ ! summ]1 sea & l&1 & 'all t 9 !m  
is1' are receiv+ heat & ris+ 9          

temp]ature4 ,! heat ( summ] p5etrates & 
w>ms ! e>? ne>ly a hundr$ feet 9 dep?4  
,into ! sea heat p5etrates /ill deep]4  
,h[ va/ ! am\nt ( heat requir$ to w>m ! 
:ole surface ( ! e>? & sea to su* dep?s6
 ,by )draw+ s mu* heat f active use !   
int5sity ( ! summ] temp]ature is s(t5$4 
,dur+ ! cold] mon?s ! l& & sea sl[ly    
radiate _! heat4 ,we c h>dly ov]-e/imate
 ! effect ( ?is alt]nate absorption &   
radiation ( heat4 ,s great is ! effect (
 ?is /or$ up heat t ! sea & ! great     
lakes nev] freeze ev5 9 ! colde/ w9t]   
wea!r1 except 9 ! pol> regions1 & !     
temp]ature mu/ fall f> bel[ freez+ &    
cont9ue = a long "t bel[ ! freez+ po9t  
be=e ! e>? beg9s to freeze4 ,! great    
bodies ( wat]1 rema9+ always at a       
temp]ature above ?irty-two degrees1 are 
especially important 9 w>m+ ! w9try air4
 ,9 ! colde/ wea!r !y seem l /eam+      
caldrons ?r[+ up _! w>m vapor4 ,x is !  
absorption & radiation ( heat alone :i* 
prev5t ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e f ris+
 or fall+ sudd5ly to ! highe/ or l[e/   

po9t possible4 ,! sun breaks =? 9 all   
its spl5dor at noonday 9 summ]3 :at if !
 sun 7 to rema9 /ation>y1 %9+ ?us 9 8   
/r5g? = days & mon?s8 ,ev]y?+ w\ld be   
consum$ ) heat4 ,b :y d n ! gl[+ rays ( 
! sun raise ! temp]ature at once to !   
highe/ possible po9t8 ,because ! e>? &  
sea & e object ^u ! e>? absorb ! heat1  
/or+ x up & hold+ x 9 res]ve4 ,on ! o!r 
h&1 :5 ! sun sets & 8 heat is )drawn1 :y
 does n ! temp]ature fall sudd5ly to !  
l[e/ possible po9t8 ,because ! heat held
 9 /ore is sl[ly radiat$ & ! *ange (    
temp]ature r5d]$ gradual4  ,9 ?is "w (  
absorb+ & radiat+ heat e object1 e>?1   
air1 & sea1 does its appropriate %>e4 ,b
 wat] /&s *ief1 & p]=ms ! l>ge/ s]vice4 
,its high specific heat enables x to    
hold 9 /ore ! l>ge/ calorific treasure1 
& causes x to *ange its temp]ature m    
sl[ly4  ,! =mation & cond5sation ( vapor
 also op]ate 9 ! same mann] z 9 !       
transitions ( day & night4 ,dur+ ! summ]
 ! high] av]age temp]ature makes x      
possible = a mu* l>g] am\nt ( vapor to  

be =m$ ?an 9 w9t]4 ,y rememb] t at      
eighty degrees vapor equal to ?irte5    
in*es ( wat] c su/a9 itself1 :ile at    
?irty-six degrees ! ela/ic =ce ( vapor  
is equal to ! pressure ( only two in*es 
& two-fif?s ( wat]1 & at f\r degrees to 
?ree-fif?s ( an in*4 ,if ! mean summ]   
temp]ature at any place 7 eighty        
degrees1 x w\ld be possible = m ?an "o  
foot ( wat] to be held 9 ! =m ( vapor4  
,9 ! =mation ( ?is vapor heat w\ld be   
consum$ suffici5t to boil m ?an five & a
 half feet ( ice wat]4 ,if ! mean w9t]  
temp]ature at ! same place be ?irty-six 
degrees1 m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ?is vapor   
mu/ be cond5s$ & give out its lat5t heat
 to w>m ! air4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t !
 full am\nt ( vapor :i* c support itself
 does commonly exi/1 b ! diff]5ce betwe5
 ! av]age am\nt ( vapor 9 summ] & 9 w9t]
 mu/ be v great4 ,i suppose ?is diff]5ce
 (t5 am\nts to f\r or six in*es ( wat]4 
,if we suppose x to be f\r in*es1 an    
am\nt ( heat is transf]r$ f summ] to    
w9t] suffici5t to boil tw5ty-two in*es (

 ice wat]4 ,9 e/imat+ ! effect ( ?is we 
mu/ consid] t ?is heat is n giv5 out    
gradually & regul>ly = ?ree mon?s1 b    
:5ev] !re is a sudd5 fall ( temp]ature  
vapor is cond5s$1 lat5t heat becomes    
s5sible1 & ! sudd5ness & int5sity ( !   
fall are dim9i%$4 ,we ne$ also to be> 9 
m9d t e op5 body ( wat] is s5d+ up its  
cl\ds ( vapor con/antly4 ,! op5 lakes1 &
 especially ! sea1 are l a see?+        
caldron2 & ?us imm5sely m vapor is      
cond5s$ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s ?an is br\ght 
ov] f summ] to w9t]4 ,mu* ( ! vapor =m$ 
9 w9t] is to be set to ! acc\nt ( summ]1
 = x is ! summ]'s heat absorb$ by !     
wat]1 :i* ma9ta9s its temp]ature &      
enables x to ?r[ up su* cl\ds ( vapor1  
ev5 9 midw9t]4 ,b ?is comes 9 m prop]ly 
at ano!r place1 & we w leave x = !      
pres5t4  ,!re is ano!r transition       
exp]i5c$ by wat] by :i* heat treasur$ up
 9 summ] is made available = s(t5+ !    
rigors ( w9t]4 ,:o w sugge/ x8  ,x is ! 
freez+ ( wat]1 said ,mr4 ,hume4 ,9 !    
process ( cry/allization "o hundr$ & =ty

 degrees ( lat5t heat become s5sible4   
,& ?is1 cont9u$ ,mr4 ,wilton1 is no     
inconsid]able matt]4 ,e p\nd ( wat]     
froz5 ^u ! surface ( our lakes & riv]s1 
e p\nd ( wat] froz5 9 ! wet e>?1 e p\nd 
( wat] froz5 z sn[ or sleet 9 ! air1    
gives out z mu* heat z w\ld boil an     
equal am\nt ( wat] at sev5ty-two        
degrees4 ,h y nev] he>d ( sett+ tubs (  
wat] 9 cell>s to keep vegetables f      
freez+8  ,i h1 repli$ ,pet]4 ,i visit$  
my gr&fa!r two ye>s ago1 & 8 cell>      
sometimes froze4 ,i ask$ him :y he put  
tubs ( wat] 9 8 cell>1 b he c\ld n tell 
me1 only he said t he knew t tubs ( wat]
 9 8 cell> did keep 8 vegetables f be+  
nipp$ ) ! fro/4  ,c y tell u1 ,pet]1 :y 
tubs ( wat] set 9 a cell> %\ld h ?is    
effect8  ,i suppose t :5 ! wat] beg9s to
 freeze x beg9s to give out its lat5t   
heat4  ,t is "o "p ( ! reason4 ,! wat]  
is drawn f ! well at p]haps fifty       
degrees2 x mu/ lose eighte5 degrees (   
heat be=e x beg9s to freeze1 & all !    
heat :i* ! wat] loses ! air ( ! cell>   

ga9s4 ,& !n1 z y said1 z soon z ! wat]  
beg9s to freeze lat5t heat beg9s to     
become s5sible4 ,e p\nd ( wat] froz5    
sets free heat en\gh to raise a p\nd (  
wat] ?r\gh "o hundr$ & =ty degrees4 ,b  
:y d n ! vegetables beg9 to freeze z    
soon z ! wat]8  ,i don't "k4  ,wat]     
hold+ salt or o!r m9]als 9 solution     
freezes at a l[] temp]ature ?an pure    
wat]4 ,= ?is reason ! juices (          
vegetables & fruits & ! sap ( trees may 
be cool$ bel[ ?irty-two degrees )\t     
freez+4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! wat] set 9     
cell>s t5ds to prev5t vegetables f      
freez+2 ! wat] beg9s to freeze at       
?irty-two degrees1 :ile potatoes &      
turnips may be cool$ a little l[] ?an   
?irty-two degrees )\t h>m4 ,9 ?is mann] 
! buds ( trees are sometimes w>m$ &     
protect$ by ! coat+ ( ice :i* =ms ar\nd 
!m4 ,! drops ( wat]1 fall+ ?r\gh !      
sleety air1 t\* ^u ! twigs ( trees &    
freeze ^u !m1 an icy coat embrac+ !m all
 ar\nd4 ,9 freez+1 ! wat] gives out "o  
hundr$ & =ty degrees ( heat1 a "p ( :i* 

goes to ! air & a "p to ! twig4  ,?is   
rem9ds me1 said ,ansel1 ( :at ! ,iri%man
 said on be+ told t sn[ conta9s heat1 t 
'x w\ld be a bless$ ?+ = ! poor if "o   
c\ld tell h[ _m sn[balls x w\ld take to 
boil a tea-kettle4'  ,x might be        
difficult to use sn[balls to boil !     
tea-kettle1 b ! heat giv5 out 9 !       
=mation ( ! sn[flakes is d\btless       
employ$ q z usefully = ! poor z if us$ 9
 prep>+ _! tea4 ,y h all notic$ t be=e a
 sn[-/orm1 or p]haps dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! 
/orm1 ! temp]ature g5]ally becomes      
mild]1 & y h (t5 he>d ! rem>k1 ',x is   
too cold to sn[4' ,m5 h le>n$ t ! com+ (
 a sn[-/orm is att5d$ by a w>m+ ( ! air4
 ,?is popul> impression is              
philosophical1 yet few und]/& its       
philosophy4 ,a foot ( sn[ falls1 equal  
to two or ?ree in*es ( wat]4 ,9 !       
cond5sation ( ! vapor :i* =m$ ?is sn[ "o
 ?\s& degrees ( lat5t heat become       
s5sible1 & !n 9 ! congelation ( ! cl\ds 
into sn[flakes "o hundr$ & =ty degrees (
 heat are evolv$4 ,?is s(t5+ ( ! rigors 

( w9t] is1 ,i ?9k1 z great a bless+ to !
 poor z ! heat+ ( ! tea-kettle4 ,let u  
make an e/imate ( ! am\nt ( heat set    
free 9 ! production ( "o great sn[-/orm4
 ,two feet ( sn[ falls1 equal1 we w     
suppose1 to five in*es ( wat]4 ,9 !     
cond5sation ( ! wat]y vapor "o ?\s&     
degrees ( heat are evolv$1 & 9 !        
congelation "o hundr$ & =ty degrees--an 
am\nt ( heat :i* w\ld boil ?ree feet (  
cold spr+ wat]4 ,9 e squ>e mile !re are 
#bg1hgh1djj squ>e feet1 & a squ>e mile (
 wat] ?ree feet 9 dep? w\ld conta9      
#hc1fbe1bjj cubic feet4 ,! production ( 
su* a sn[-/orm sets free = e squ>e mile 
( surface heat :i* w\ld boil m ?an      
#hj1jjj1jjj ( cubic feet ( spr+ wat]4   
,su* a /orm sometimes ext5ds ov] a      
region ( c\ntry a ?\s& miles squ>e1 t   
is1 ov] a million ( squ>e miles4 ,9 !   
production ( "o su* /orm--a v heavy &   
ext5sive /orm1 ,i h suppos$--heat is    
g5]at$ :i* w\ld boil eighty millions (  
millions 7#hj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj7 ( cubic  
feet ( spr+ wat]--an am\nt altoge!r too 

va/ = our compreh5sion4 ,to accompli%   
?is result by combu/ion w\ld require m  
?an #ejj1jjj1jjj ( tons ( an?racite     
coal--an am\nt at lea/ ?ree times z     
great z ! ye>ly product ( all !         
coal-m9es ( ! _w4 ,& ?is is b "o heavy  
/orm4 ,! am\nt ( ra9fall 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates may be ?irty-six in*es or =ty or 
=ty-five in*es4 ,suppos+ ! av]age       
ra9fall ( ! :ole e>? to be tw5ty-f\r    
in*es--an e/imate v f> bel[ ! tru?--we h
 ?is result3 ,!re are1 9 r\nd numb]s1   
two hundr$ millions ( squ>e miles (     
surface1 m ?an five & a half            
quadrillions 7#e1ege1fhj1jjj1jjj1jjj7 ( 
squ>e feet & m ?an elev5 quadrillions ( 
cubic feet ( wat]4 ,! cond5sation ( ?is 
am\nt ( vapor w\ld boil m ?an sixty     
quadrillions ( cubic feet ( ice wat]4   
,"o p\nd ( an?racite coal burn$ "u ! mo/
 favorable circum/ances w boil sixty    
p\nds ( ice wat]4 ,to boil sixty        
quadrillions ( cubic feet ( ice wat]    
w\ld require sixty quadrillions ( p\nds 
( coal--?irty billions ( tons--n less   

?an tw5ty-five tons to e inhabitant ( ! 
globe4 ,at ?is rate a v few ye>s w\ld   
exhau/ ! coal-fields ( ! _w4            
,calculations l ^! are useful 9 %[+ ^u  
h[ /up5d\s a scale ! ,creator c>ries on 
8 op]ations4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t ^!     
works are c>ri$ on1 n to amaze m51 b to 
b5efit !m4 ,! works g on sil5tly &      
unse51 *all5g+ no att5tion f fools1     
receiv+ no ?\ght except f ! pati5t /ud5t
 ( ,nature1 & elicit+ no ?ankful        
recognition save f a few rev]5t         
wor%ip]s4  ,b ,i h be5 l$ away f a po9t 
:i* ,i _h 9 m9d4 ,:ile consid]+ ! effect
 ( heat 9 exp&+ bodies1 ,i rem9d$ y t   
wat] pres5ts a m>k$ peculi>ity1 &       
promis$ to speak ( x m fully4 ,?is is ! 
place = u to look at ?is s+ul> &        
beautiful peculi>ity ( wat]4 ,:at is !  
g5]al pr9ciple t\*+ ! effect ( heat ^u  
bodies8  ,heat exp&s bodies & cold      
contracts !m1 answ]$ ,ansel4  ,wat] bo? 
illu/rates ?is rule & pres5ts "s v      
int]e/+ app>5t exceptions4 ,x contracts 
by cold l o!r bodies till x rea*es !    

temp]ature ( ?irty-n9e & a half degrees2
 x !n beg9s to exp&1 & exp&s regul>ly   
till x falls to ?irty-two degrees2 at t 
po9t x freezes1 & 9 freez+ x exp&s at   
once ab\t "o-n9? ( its bulk4 ,if ! cool+
 process be cont9u$1 ! ice produc$      
contracts l any o!r solid4 ,?is         
peculi>ity ( ! int]rupt$ & unequal      
expansion ( wat] is ( ! utmo/ importance
 9 ! affairs ( our _w4 ,consid] ! result
 if ! wat] 7 to contract by cold z d o!r
 bodies d[n to ! freez+ po9t & bel[ x4  
,wat] is cool$ f ! top by contact ) !   
cold air4 ,z ! upp] film ( wat] cool$ x 
w\ld s9k & a new /ratum be br\ght to !  
surface2 t 9 turn w\ld be cool$ & s9k1 &
 ?us ! cool+ process w\ld g on ) ! utmo/
 rapidity till ! :ole body ( wat] %\ld  
be r$uc$ to ! freez+ temp]ature4 ,!n    
congelation w\ld beg91 & ! fir/ p>ticles
 ( ice =m$ w\ld s9k to ! bottom1 & z fa/
 z ! wat] became froz5 at ! top ! ice   
w\ld s9k4 ,9 ?is mann] a solid body (   
ice w\ld be =m$ at ! bottom ( our lakes 
& riv]s1 :ile ! surface w\ld rema9      

unfroz5 9 contact ) ! cold air till !   
:ole body ( wat] became a compact mass (
 ice4 ,great lakes turn$ to solid ice   
w\ld n be ?aw$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! summ]1 = 
! wat] w>m$ f ! top w\ld n s9k1 b w\ld  
=m a w>m /ratum ( wat] ^u ! surface1    
:ile1 bel[1 ! solid ice w\ld lie h>dly  
feel+ ! summ] heat4 ,nay1 m2 9 ! high]  
latitudes x w\ld seem z if ! v ocean mu/
 be turn$ to solid ice1 nev] to be melt$
 till ! end ( "t4 ,by ! s+ul> expansion 
( wat] bel[ ?irty-n9e & half degrees &  
its great expansion 9 congelation1 ^!   
disa/r\s consequ5ces are prev5t$4 ,our  
lakes are cool$ ev5 9 w9t] only to      
?irty-n9e & a half degrees2 bel[ ?is    
temp]ature ! cold] wat] is light] &     
rema9s ^u ! surface2 ice floats ^u !    
surface4 ,! top becomes ice1 b ! great  
mass ( ! wat] rema9s at ?irty-n9e       
degrees1 & ! inhabitants ( ! wat]s live 
on unh>m$4 ,spr+ comes1 & ! ice1 be+ ^u 
! surface1 is soon melt$1 & ! unb\nd    
waves beg9 aga9 to ripple =? _!         
unconsci\s joy4  ,d y look ^u ?is       

irregul> expansion & contraction ( wat]1
 ask$ ,mr4 ,hume1 z a real exception to 
! rule t heat exp&s bodies8  ,n at all4 
,9 freez+1 a new =ce comes 9 & ass]ts   
itself--! =ce ( cry/allization2 or1 m   
exactly1 z ! =ce ( heat dim9i%es ! =ce (
 cry/allization becomes pr$om9ant1 &    
?r[s ! atoms into new positions & new   
relation%ips4 ,to ?is new arrangem5t (  
atoms is due ! expansion 9 freez+4 ,ice 
contracts & exp&s by cold & heat ! same 
z any o!r solid4 ,! attraction (        
cry/allization beg9s1 d\btless1 to ?r[ !
 atoms into _! new & cry/all9e          
arrangem5t at ! temp]ature ( ?irty-n9e &
 a half degrees4  ,we mu/ rememb] t !   
heat :i* is set free 9 ! cond5sation (  
vapor & 9 ! freez+ ( wat] is absorb$ 9 !
 =mation ( vapor & ! melt+ ( wat]4 ,z   
mu* heat is tak5 f summ] z is conf]r$ ^u
 w9t]4 ,! summ] is cool$ z mu* z w9t] is
 w>m$4 ,! =mation ( vapor is a cool+    
process4 ,wat] is prev5t$ f ris+ above !
 boil+ po9t by ! =mation ( vapor4       
,p]spiration cools u by ! evaporation to

 :i* x gives rise f ! :ole surface ( our
 bodies4 ,& ! high] ! temp]ature1 ! m   
rapid ! evaporation1 & ! m vigor\s !    
cool+ process4  ,we might look at o!r   
appliances = transf]r+ heat f summ] to  
w9t]1 b !y belong 9 pr9ciple to ano!r   
dep>tm5t4 ,we h n[ look$ at "s ( ! means
 = transf]r+ heat 9 "t4 ,! heat is      
treasur$ up at ! heat$ noonday1 to be   
br\ght out = use dur+ ! cool h\rs (     
night2 x is g>n]$ f ! excessive heats ( 
summ] to supply ! defici5cies ( w9t]4 ,x
 is laid up 9 /ore to-day to be exp5d$  
at any future "t :5 ne$$4 ,! transf] is 
a transf] n 9 space1 b 9 "t4 ,we mu/    
h]eaft] exam9e ^? arrangem5ts by :i*    
heat is transport$ ?r\gh space4 ,"s ( ^!
 arrangem5ts ex]t an influ5ce ^u day &  
night & ^u summ] & w9t]1 & ?us ?r[ fur!r
 light ^u ! subjects already discuss$4  
,already m ?an once topics h be5 sugge/$
 & _! full consid]ation put (f till "s m
 fitt+ "t4 ,9 our next lesson we mu/    
beg9 ! exam9ation ( ^! new pr9ciples4   
,we h be=e spok5 ( ! vicissitudes ( days

 & seasons & ye>s4 ,we %all n[ h to d ) 
! vicissitudes ( zones & l&s & seas1 (  
des]ts & m\nta9 ranges4 ,! elem5ts      
become va/]1 ! /age is broad]1 & !      
movem5ts m sublime4  ,i am glad t y are 
s well int]e/$ 9 ^! great & beautiful   
works ( ,god's wisdom & p[]1 b ,i hope t
 y d n =get t ! crucifi$ ,*ri/ is       
pre-em95tly ! p[] ( ,god & ! wisdom (   
,god4 ,^! natural works are b ! husk (  
:i* salvation f s9 by ,*ri/ is ! k]nel4 
,^! outw>d ?+s are wond]ful & beautiful 
= ! sett+1 b ! gem1 ! royal preci\s     
/one1 ! ,koh-i-noor1 ! 'm\nta9 ( light1'
 = :i* ! sett+ 0 made1 is ! true k ( !  
true ,god & ( 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,dur+
 ! pa/ few weeks y h he>d o!rs ask+1    
',:at %all we d to be sav$8' ,i %\ld be 
greatly guilty if ,i all[$ y to ?9k e>?1
 air1 & sea1 ) all _! sil5t & solemn    
movem5ts1 m important ?an our spiritual 
attitude t[>d ,god ! ,fa!r & ,*ri/ !    
,savi\r4 ,are y1 ,samuel1 9 y\r int]e/ 9
 /udy+ ,nature1 =gett+ ,*ri/ & ! s\ls ( 
m58  ,i hope n1 & ,i ?9k n4 ,dur+ ! ?ree

 ye>s s9ce my baptism ,i h nev] felt s  
mu* my obligation to ,*ri/ z n[4 ,i nev]
 felt be=e s deep a desire t my fri5ds  
%\ld rep5t & believe 9 ,jesus4 ,i ?9k ! 
love ( ,*ri/ con/ra9s me4 ,i h n felt   
be=e t my "w 0 v important2 ,i h be5    
expect+ to "w m e>ne/ly by & by2 b      
lately ,i h felt t ,*ri/ gives me some?+
 to d n[ = :i* he holds me responsible4 
,:at h y tri$ to d = ,*ri/8  ,i h be5   
pray+ = "s ( my "y fri5ds1 & especially 
= ,ansel & ,pet]4 ,& !n ,i felt t ,i mu/
 talk ) !m z well z pray = !m4  ,& c y1 
my "y fri5ds1 be c>eless ab\t y\r own   
salvation :ile ,samuel is s anxi\s = y8 
,are y cont5t$ to live 'hav+ no hope &  
)\t ,god 9 ! _w'8 ,is y\r happ9ess "h & 
h]eaft] m important to ,samuel ?an to   
y\rselves8  ,we are int]e/$1 said       
,ansel4 ,we h be5 talk+ toge!r ab\t be+ 
,*ri/ians1 b we don't "k :at to d4  ,!y 
said1 broke 9 ,samuel1 t !y wi%$ ,i w\ld
 ask y to prea* a s]mon & tell !m :at !y
 mu/ d to be sav$4 ,!y wi%$ to g on ) ^!
 lessons1 b !y ?\ght t p]haps y w\ld be 

will+ to prea* a s]mon j ^u t subject4  
,y "k t ,i (t5 speak ( t subject1 & :5  
p]sons h come to ! inquiry-meet+ ,i h   
told !m :at !y mu/ d4 ,b ,i "k t !re mu/
 ne$s be 'l9e ^u l9e4' ,if ,ansel &     
,pet] wi% x1 ,i w devote a s]mon to !   
subject1 & make x z pla9 z ,i c4 ,h>dly 
any?+ gives me m pleasure ?an to expla9 
! way ( salvation :5 ,i "k t my he>]s   
are int]e/$4  ,we d wi% to h y prea* ^u 
t subject1 & ,i am sure t y w h a great 
_m int]e/$ he>]s besides ,ansel &       
myself4  ,b1 ,samuel1 did y n pray =    
,mr4 ,hume also1 & talk ) him8  ,i pray$
 = him1 b ,i 0 afraid to speak ) him4 ,i
 h tri$ to pray = him a d\ble portion   
because ,i c\ld n speak ) him4  ,te>s   
ga!r$ 9 ,mr4 ,hume's eyes2 ! ?\ght came 
to him t 8 unbelief _h rais$ a b>ri]    
betwe5 himself & bo? ,god & 8 p4 ,?is   
pi\s "y man 0 afraid to come to him le/ 
he %\ld meet ! scornful argum5ts & cold 
d]ision ( a pr\d unbeliev]4 ,he felt    
humbl$--he1 a subtle1 well-read         
unbeliev]1 & ,samuel a pi\s lad ye>n+ = 

! salvation ( 8 s\l1 b d>+ only to pray 
9 secret = him4  ,h n y1 ,mr4 ,hume1 be5
 treat+ ,*ri/ & ! ,holy ,_s z ,samuel   
fe>$ t y w\ld treat him8  ,p]haps s1 he 
answ]$4 ,i am sorry t ,samuel did n come
 to me freely4 ,i ?9k he ne$ n be afraid
 ( me n[4 ,i also hope y w prea* ! s]mon
 :i* ,ansel & ,pet] wi% to he>4  ,mr4   
,wilton assur$ !m t he w\ld d z !y wi%$ 
unless ! ,_s cle>ly drew him to "s o!r  
subject4 ,i always look1 he said1 to !  
,holy ,_s = direction 9 my prea*+4 ',:5 
he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1' said ,jesus1
 'he w lead y into all tru?4' ,?is 0    
fulfill$ pre-em95tly1 ,i suppose1 9 !   
inspir$ m5 :o laid ! f\ndation ( !      
,*ur*1 b ! ,_s /ill dwells 9 believ]s & 
leads ^? :o love & foll[ ,*ri/4 ,!      
prea*] ( ! gospel c d no?+ )\t ! p[] ( !
 ,_s ( ,god4  ,& ,i1 k9d read]1 w give y
 ! outl9e ( ! s]mon if ! ,_s bids him   
prea* x4     ,,*apt] ,,xi4  ,,an        
,,effective ,,s]mon4   ,mr4 ,wilton     
prea*$ ! s]mon spok5 ( at ! close ( !   
la/ *apt] ! next ,"l's ,day morn+4 ,! m 

he ?\ght ^u ! matt] & inquir$ ! m9d ( ! 
,_s1 ! m he felt t = a purpose ! ,_s 0  
call+ him to unfold aga9 ! au?ority (   
,god & ! conditions ( salvation4 ,he    
gave notice ( 8 subject1 & invit$ all   
good m5 to pray t he might be able1 l a 
good & wise /ew>d ( ! my/]ies ( grace1  
to br+ =? out ( ! treasure-h\se ?+s new 
& old1 & t ! ^w might prove z a nail    
fa/5$ 9 a sure place by ! ,ma/] (       
assemblies4 ,mu* pray] 0 (f]$1 & ! p    
came toge!r 9 a _s ( unwont$ solemnity &
 e>ne/ness4  ,mr4 ,wilton pray$ to !    
glorifi$ ,r$eem] = 8 bless+3 ,o ?\      
exalt$ ,*ri/1 we assemble 9 ?y "n & by  
?9e au?ority4 ,?\ ha/ bidd5 u n =sake ! 
assembl+ ( ourselves toge!r = ?y wor%ip 
& ! prea*+ ( ?y gospel4 ,by ?y grace we 
enjoy ano!r ( ^! sacr$ days4 ,by ?y dea?
 ?\ did/ pur*ase = ?y p et]nal          
r$emption4 ,?\ ha/ wr\ght out = !m a    
great & glori\s salvation4 ,= ?y great  
love :]e) ?\ ha/ lov$ u ?\ did/ empty   
?yself ( div9e glories1 & made/ ?yself a
 s]vant among s]vants1 & did/ suff] 9 ! 

g>d51 & die ^u ! cross1 & ent] ! grave4 
,n[ ?\ art exalt$ at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 
a ,pr9ce & a ,savi\r1 to give rep5tance 
& remission ( s9s4 ,o ?\ t judge/ m51 ?y
 ju/ice is great & glori\s z ?y m]cies4 
,ye>s ago we te/$ ?y love1 ye>s ago we  
felt ! %ad[ ( ?y wra?2 our guilt made u 
afraid & we cri$ unto !e1 & ?\ =gave/   
our s9s1 & did/ %$ abroad ?y peace 9 our
 he>ts4 ,9 ^! rec5t days ?\ ha/ br\ght  
o!r s9n]s to feel _! guilt4 ,!y h se5 !e
 ^u ! cross1 & h be5 smitt5 ) angui%1 & 
h rep5t$1 & ?\ ha/ receiv$ !m4 ,o!rs are
 b[$ d[n2 !y m\rn2 !y feel !mselves poor
 & ne$y2 !y confess ?y ju/ice2 !y feel !
 ne$ ( ?y salvation2 !y walk 9 d>kness2 
!y grope & f9d no light2 !y look unto !e
 f a di/ance2 b !y d n come to !e1 !y d 
n foll[ !e4 ,wilt ?\ n draw !m to       
?yself8 ,wilt ?\ n b[ _! pride ( he>t & 
turn _! wills & make _! he>ts t5d]1     
g5tle1 & believ+8 ,wilt ?\ n smite !    
rock1 & cause ! wat]s ( p5it5t grief to 
fl[8 ,lay ?y cross1 ,o ,jesus1 ^u _!    
%\ld]s & ^u _! he>ts1 t !y may be> x    

aft] !e & %>e ?y glory4 ,op5 ?\ _! eyes 
t !y may see et]nal de/9ies & look ^u ?y
 div9e glories1 ?y beauty1 & ?y         
t5d]ness4 ,let !m foll[ !e & tru/ 9 !e1 
/r5g!n$ & com=t$ by ?y rod & ?y /aff4 ,o
 ,*ri/1 = ?9e et]nal love ) :i* ?\ ha/  
lov$ u1 rea* d[n ?9e arm mighty to save 
& lift u up4 ,"l1 save or we p]i%4 ,&   
speak ?\ by ?y s]vant to-day1 & cause   
all t he> to recognize ! message n z 81 
b z ?9e4  ,he read z 8 text ,acts xvi4  
#cj3 ,sirs1 :at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8    
,he briefly recit$ ! arre/1 imprisonm5t1
 & release ( ,paul & ,silas4 ,!         
salvation = :i* ! jail] cri$ out 0 n    
deliv]ance f ! dang]s ( ! e>?quake1 nor 
f ! displeasure ( ! ,roman gov]nor4 ,?is
 0 ! bitt] cry ( a s\l s9k+ "u a load ( 
guilt & trembl+ at ! ?\ght ( ,god's     
imp5d+ wra?4 ,"s ( y c appreciate 8     
feel+s & 8 fe>s4 ,y\r s9s aga9/ ,god &  
,*ri/ & ! ,holy ,_s h ris5 up be=e y2 !y
 />e y 9 ! face2 !y condemn y4 ,y feel  
y\r guilt--n a light & trifl+ fault1 b  
guilt deep & d>k1 su* z creatures made 9

 ! image ( ,god incur by rebellion aga9/
 ! bless$ & holy ,creator4 ,! ,holy ,_s 
has recit$ ! div9e law 9 y\r e>s4 ,y\r  
consci5ces h he>d t voice & e*o$ its    
condemnation4 ,y desire to escape t     
div9e displeasure2 y desire to h ! fires
 ( guilt t burn 9 y\r consci5ces qu5*$4 
,y cry out1 ',m5 & bre?r51 :at %all we  
d8' ,! answ] mu/ be drawn f _m p>ts ( ! 
,holy ,scriptures4  ,und]/&1 9 ! fir/   
place1 t y are n to be sav$ by se>*+ out
 "s plan ( salvation = y\rselves4 ,ask =
 ! old pa?s4 ',he t ent]e? n by ! door1 
b climbe? up "s o!r way1 ! same is a    
?ief & a robb]4' ',o!r f\ndation c no   
man lay ?an t is laid4' ',!re is b "o "n
 giv5 "u heav5 among m5 by :i* we mu/ be
 sav$4'  ,und]/& also t x is useless to 
attempt to save y\rselves by mak+       
y\rselves righte\s4 ,y h tri$1 ,i d\bt  
n1 to make y\rselves bett]4 ,p]haps y h 
resolv$ t y w\ld n come to ,*ri/ till y 
c pres5t y\rselves 9 "s degree wor?y ( 8
 c>e4 ,h y succe$$ 9 gett+ rid ( y\r    
s9s8 ,c y blot out y\r pa/ s9s8 ,c y    

erase ! record :i* /&s writt5 9 ! book (
 remembrance on high8 ,! law ( ,god     
writt5 9 ?is ,bible condemns y2 ,god    
condemns y2 y are condemn$ already = n  
believ+ 9 ! "n ( ,god's only begott5    
,son1 ! ,"l ,jesus f heav54 ,c y *ange t
 condemnation by y\r feeble1 fickle     
resolutions to re=m8 ',c ! ,e?iopian    
*ange 8 sk9 or ! leop>d 8 spots8 !n may 
ye also d good t are accu/om$ to d      
evil4'  ,be assur$ also t x does n      
belong to y to *ange y\r own he>ts4 ',ye
 mu/ be born aga92' 'except a man be    
born aga9 he _c see ! k+dom ( ,god4' ,b 
t second bir? comes n ( blood1 nor ( ! w
 ( ! fle%1 nor ( ! w ( man1 b ( ,god4   
',ye mu/ be born aga91 b ye mu/ be born 
( ! ,_s4' ,notice t ! ^w sav$ is 9 !    
passive voice4 ,s9n]s d n save !mselves2
 !y mu/ be sav$ by ano!r2 !y mu/ be sav$
 by "o able to save1 by "o almighty to  
save1 f ! wra? ( ,god & f s91 by "o able
 to d = ^? :o tru/ 9 him all t !y ne$ to
 h done 9 ord] to make _! salvation     
complete & glori\s4 ,*ri/ is able to d  

?is4 ,! crucifi$ & ris5 ,*ri/ is exalt$ 
a ,pr9ce & ,savi\r1 to give rep5tance & 
remission ( s9s4 ,! ^w ( ,god says1 ',to
 give1' & he rejoices to give4  ,on "o  
po9t we mu/ pause & dwell ) special     
cle>ness4 ,e anxi\s s9n] mu/ n only feel
 8 guilty & lo/ condition1 b he %\ld    
also ?or\ghly und]/& :at he means :5 he 
asks :at he mu/ d to be sav$4 ,he %\ld  
see to x t he wants t salvation :i*     
,jesus gives4  ,9 ! ,scriptures ! s9n]  
:o w\ld be sav$ is call$ ^u to return to
 ,god4 ,he has gone a/ray4 ,he mu/      
retrace 8 /eps4 ,:at is meant by ?is8 ,i
 mean t man's s9 consi/$ at fir/ &      
consi/s to-day 9 say+1 ',i w1' & ',i w  
n1' 9 opposition to ! w & comm& ( ,god4 
,god said1 ',?\ %alt n2' man said1 ',i  
w4' ,god says1 ',?\ %alt2' s9n]s say1   
',i w n4' ,if a s9n] is to be sav$ f s91
 ?is opposition mu/ cease4 ,:5 ,god     
says1 ',?\ %alt n1' ! s9n] mu/ reply1   
',i w n1' & :5 ,god says1 ',?\ %alt1' ! 
s9n] mu/ answ]1 ',i w4' ,! s9n]'s 'w' & 
'w n' mu/ agree ) ,god's '%all' & '%all 

n4' ,9 place ( y\r self-w y mu/ put     
,god's w2 t is1 rep5tance1 a turn+ ab\t1
 a return+ to ,god4 ,b rememb]1         
salvation1 if x be real & ?or\gh1 is n  
submission = an h\r1 a day1 or a ye>1 b 
submission = ev] & ev]4 ,x is submission
 )\t condition & )\t limits4  ,! s9n]   
says1 ',?is is a h>d say+1' ?is utt] &  
b\ndless d5ial ( self-w & selfi%ness4 ,b
 is x h>d t ! creature %\ld yield to !  
,creator1 t ignorance %\ld yield to     
wisdom1 t selfi%ness %\ld yield to love1
 t s9 %\ld yield to hol9ess1 t poor1    
lo/1 wret*$1 fall5 man %\ld yield to !  
et]nal & ev]-bless$ ,god8 ,x is only by 
yield+ t 8 w is br\ght into sweet h>mony
 ) ! w ( ,god1 & t he c be a %>] ( !    
div9e bless$ness4  ,y\r views on ?is    
po9t %\ld be cle> & di/9ct4 ,if y wi%   
only to be sav$ f ! p5alty ( y\r s9s1 y 
d n desire ! salvation :i* ,jesus gives4
 ,he saves 8 p1 n 9 _! s9s1 b f _! s9s4 
,if1 h[ev]1 y really wi% = 8 full &     
glori\s salvation1 y w desire t y\r w   
may be :olly subdu$ to ! w ( ,god4 ,y w 

be f\nd ready to unite 9 ! memorable    
pray] ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 ',n my w b ?9e be 
done4' ,salvation implies ! giv+ up (   
self-w & a rev]5t submission to ! w (   
,god4  ,o!r s9ful passions oppose !     
grace ( ,god1 b *iefly z help]s &       
support]s ( self-w4 ,pride & vanity     
/r5g!n self-w4 ,turbul5t fle%ly lu/s    
urge on & back up self-w4 ,fe> ( man1   
fe> ( dang]1 & unbelief are b props (   
self-w4 ,:5 'my ,"l ,w-be-w' submits1 ! 
t[n ( ,mans\l returns to h] rightful    
allegiance4  ,! "q at issue betwe5 ,god 
& ! s9n]1 ! "q ( self-w or submission1  
is (t5 conte/$ ar\nd ! p]=mance ( "s    
s+le def9ite duty4 ,! ,holy ,_s (t5     
pres5ts to ! convict$ s9n]'s consci5ce  
"s s+le duty & presses its p]=mance4 ,t 
duty is a te/ ( ! feel+s & desires ( !  
s9n]'s he>t4 ,s ! ,_s und]/&s x1 s !    
s9n] (t5 und]/&s x4 ,z1 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51
 ,god gave to ,adam a te/ comm&1 s does 
he n[ press ^u ! consci5ce ( convict$   
s9n]s te/ duties to %[ !m :at !y are4 ,t
 :i* is requir$ may be important1       

exce$+ly important1 9 & ( itself1 or x  
may be 9 itself ( v little consequ5ce1 b
 9 e case ! duty is all-important & its 
p]=mance absolutely ess5tial1 because ! 
,_s has laid x ^u ! s9n]'s consci5ce4 ,x
 w %[ :e!r he wi%es = salvation f s9 or 
n4  ,i us$ to he> a ,*ri/ian relate an  
exp]i5ce l ?is4 ,:ile ! ,_s ( ,god 0    
/riv+ ) him & conviction ( s9 0 heavy ^u
 him1 he felt a cle> impression t he    
ought to g to 8 b>n1 & !re at "o c]ta9  
place ^u ! hay-m[ kneel & pray4 ,8      
self-w rose 9 rebellion1 *iefly1 x w\ld 
seem1 because x 0 laid ^u 8 consci5ce z 
a duty4 ,b 8 di/ress grew ^u him4 ,he   
w5t to 8 b>n & /ood at ano!r place &    
tri$ to pray1 b no light or peace came2 
8 s5se ( 8 s9s grew heavi]4 ,h[ c\ld x  
be o!rwise8 ,he w5t to ! spot :]e he    
?\ght t he ought to g1 & /ood & pray$4  
,/ill no peace came1 b increas+ s5se (  
s94 ,at l5g? he ?\ght1 ',:y %\ld ,i n8  
,:y n give up my own w8 ,:y n pray t    
,god's w may be done8' ,he yield$1 he   
kneel$ at ! place :]e he _h ?\ght he    

ought to kneel1 & !re he fir/ felt peace
 be=e ,god4 ,?is 0 a s+ul> exp]i5ce4    
,p]haps a man m intellig5t & bett]      
taught 9 ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures w\ld nev] 
h su* a ?+ press$ ^u 8 consci5ce4 ,b !  
battle ( self-w is commonly f\ght ar\nd 
"s s+le def9ite duty4 ,t duty may be a  
confession ( wrong done to a neighbor1  
or conv]sation ) an imp5it5t associate1 
or a public confession ( s9 be=e ! great
 congregation4 ,:atev] x may be1 x %[s !
 s9n] 8 he>t & leads him to decide to   
foll[ 8 own w j z he _h always be5      
accu/om$ to d1 or x w lead him to pray  
e>ne/ly t he may be enabl$ 9 ev]y?+ to  
b[ 8 w to ! w ( ,god4 ,he w want ! full 
salvation :i* ,jesus 9 8 grace br+s     
m5--salvation f ! p5alty ( s9 &         
deliv]ance f its p[]4  ,i draw no b[ at 
a v5ture & speak n d\btfully :5 ,i say  
"s ( y are /&+ face to face ) duties    
press$ ^u y by ! ,holy ,_s4 ,y\r self-w1
 support$ by pride1 & fe> ( man1 &      
unbelief1 & ,satanic temptation1 refuses
 to yield4 ,! yoke ( ,*ri/ seems to y l 

bondage4 ,! cross is supremely heavy4 ,y
 draw back f x1 & refuse to be> x4 ,i _c
 take away ! cross :i* ! ,_s bids y be>4
 ,i d>e n d x2 ,i w n d x4 ,z ! mess5g] 
( ,*ri/1 ,i repeat ! voice ( ! ,_s & lay
 ! duty1 :atsoev] x may be1 ^u y\r      
consci5ces4 ,d y really & hone/ly wi% to
 be sav$ f s98 ,!n y w yield to ! ,_s's 
k9d & graci\s mov+s2 y w yield humbly b 
he>tily4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y want some?+ else 
?an ! salvation :i* ,jesus gives1 :at c 
y expect b p]plexity1 difficulty1       
d>kness8 ,i besee* ( y1 deal truly &    
fai?fully ) y\rselves on ?is po9t4  ,to 
^? :o wi% really to be sav$ ,i h good   
news to proclaim4 ,!re is a ,savi\r su* 
z y ne$4 ,tru/ 9 ,jesus z y\r ,savi\r4  
,place ! :ole "w ( y\r salvation 9 8    
graci\s h&s4 ,*ri/ saves s9n]s j su* z y
 are4 ,! fai? :i* y are b to ex]cise is 
no?+ else ?an y\r confid5ce1 by :i* y   
entru/ y\rselves to him4 ,fai? has no   
sav+ virtue 9 itself1 b x is ! h& by :i*
 ! s9n] takes hold ( ,*ri/4 ,) ?is duty 
few ( y w h any great difficulty4 ,:5   

once y wi% to be sav$ f s9 & are ready  
to submit to ! w ( ,*ri/1 y w h no      
reluctance to take him = y\r ,savi\r4 ,y
 believe t ,*ri/ is a div9e ,savi\r4 ,if
 sav$ at all1 y expect to be sav$ by him
 :o di$ on ,calv>y4 ,h>dly = ! _w w\ld y
 resign y\r opportunity ( com+ to ,*ri/ 
& receiv+ 8 grace4 ,y believe t ,jesus  
is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 !     
great sacrifice = s94 ,x rema9s t y %\ld
 gladly accept :at he (f]s & foll[ him z
 lov+1 tru/+ disciples4  ,foll[ ! ,_s1 &
 y w be l$ to ,jesus & w come spe$ily to
 ! joy ( salvation2 resi/ ! ,_s1 & y    
grope 9 b\ndless d>kness & fall ^u ! d>k
 m\nta9s4  ,9 ! ,holy ,scriptures ! "q (
 ! text is ask$ & answ]$ _m times4      
,h>dly any two answ]s are alike4 ,are   
!re diff]5t conditions & diff]5t duties 
requir$ ( diff]5t m58 ,by no means4 ,b !
 ,holy ,_s adapt$ ! answ] to ! diff]5t  
spiritual /ates ( ! v>i\s inquir]s4 ,!  
answ] is made to ea* que/ion]'s he>t4 ,a
 self-righte\s "y man came to ,jesus    
ask+1 ',good ,ma/]1 :at good ?+ %all ,i 

d t ,i may inh]it ev]la/+ life8' ,jesus 
answ]$1 ',keep ! comm&m5ts3 ?\ %alt d no
 murd]2 ?\ %alt n commit adult]y2 ?\    
%alt n /eal2 ?\ %alt n be> false        
witness2 honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m2 & ?\    
%alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself4' ,! "y  
man answ]$1 ',all ^! h ,i kept f my y\? 
up2 :at lack ,i yet8' ,jesus said1 ',if 
?\ wilt be p]fect1 g sell t ?\ ha/1 &   
give to ! poor1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9  
heav51 & come1 foll[ me4' ,! "y man w5t 
away sorr[ful4 ,jesus knew 8            
self-righte\sness1 & gave him answ]s :i*
 op5$ t "y man's eyes to see himself4   
,he gave him a te/ comm&1 & ! "y man's  
revulsion f t duty %[$ t1 not)/&+ 8     
self-confid5t claim to righte\sness1 8  
ri*es fill$ all 8 he>t4 ,if y\r he>ts   
are fill$ ) ! love ( ! _w1 y mu/ put y\r
 possessions out ( y\r he>ts & foll[    
,jesus4  ,nicodemus also came mak+ !    
same inquiry4 ,he mu/ h ask$ some?+ l   
?is1 = ,jesus answ]$ su* a "q4 ',ye mu/ 
be born aga92 ye mu/ be born ( ! ,_s1'  
said ,jesus4 ,nicodemus 0 look+ = a     

legal salvation by outw>d =mal s]vices1 
b ,*ri/ gave him to und]/& t salvation  
involves a great spiritual r5ovation    
wr\ght by ! ,holy ,_s1 by :i* m5 old 9  
s9 become new creatures & ent] ! k+dom (
 ,god z little *ildr54 ,he taught him   
?us t salvation 0 only f ,god4 ,if any (
 y are look+ = a cloak ( self-righte\s  
religi\s duties :i* y c put on1 be      
assur$ t true religion spr+s f a "w (   
,god wr\ght 9 ! he>t4 ,y mu/ be born    
aga9 by ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,y mu/     
become new creatures 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4    
,on ! day ( ,p5teco/ ! great company (  
m5 'out ( e c\ntry "u ! :ole heav51'    
:ile li/5+ to ,pet]'s pung5t address1   
cri$ out1 ',m5 & bre?r51 :at %all we d8'
 ',rep5t & be baptiz$1 e "o ( y1 9 ! "n 
( ! ,"l ,jesus1 = ! remission ( s9s1'   
answ]$ ,pet]4 ,"h 7 m5 :o _h a h& 9     
crucify+ ,*ri/1 or if !y _h no active   
%>e 9 t de$ ( d>kness1 !y _h cons5t$ to 
8 dea?2 !y 7 p>tak]s ( ! crime2 v likely
 !y _h cri$1 ',crucify him1 crucify     
him4' ,!y saw _! s91 & 7 prick$ 9 !     

he>t4 ,well might !y rep5t ( _!         
rejection & crucifixion ( _! promis$    
,savi\r1 ! ,son ( ,god1 f heav54 ,o!rs 7
 dev\t m5 :o _h come to ,j]usalem to    
wor%ip4 ,l ,simeon !y may h wait$ long =
 ! consolation ( ,israel4 ,h[ easy = !m 
to enroll !mselves among ! foll[]s (    
,*ri/6 ,all alike are comm&$ aft]       
rep5tance to put on ,*ri/ by baptism4 ,t
 burial ) ,*ri/ 0 ! symbol ( _! dy+ &   
liv+ aga9--( _! dy+ unto s9 & liv+ aga9 
unto ,god4 ,! same duties are enjo9$ ^u 
y4 ,rep5t ( y\r long rejection ( ! grace
 ( ,god & 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/1 & be=e   
,god & m5 devote y\rselves to 8 s]vice  
by a public confession ( ,*ri/ 9        
baptism4  ,! jail] ( ,philippi 0 tak5 9 
! mid/ ( 8 s9s4 ,he 0 hold+ ! s]vants ( 
,*ri/ 9 8 dungeon4 ,he knew = :at (f5ce 
!y _h be5 seiz$1 & he made himself a    
p>tn] 9 ! crime ( p]secut+ !m by ! ze/ )
 :i* he ?ru/ !m into ! inn] prison &    
made _! feet fa/ 9 ! /ocks4 ,8 consci5ce
 0 ill at ease4 ,!n came ! e>?quake's   
%ock1 & he felt z if call$ to /& face to

 face ) 8 ,judge4 ,8 s\l 0 pi]c$ ?r\gh &
 ?r\gh ) a s5se ( guilt4 ',:at mu/ ,i d 
to be sav$8' he cri$ 9 ! bitt]ness ( 8  
conviction4 ',believe on ! ,"l ,jesus   
,*ri/1 & ?\ %alt be sav$1' answ]$ ,paul4
 ,?is is ! answ] to all ( y :o are well 
convict$ ( s9 & h giv5 up all           
self-righte\s hopes4 ,*ri/ saves y4     
,look to ,*ri/1 ask ,*ri/2 :osoev] comes
 to him he w 9 no wise ca/ out4 ,w y n  
come to him8 ,w y n tru/ 8 promises &   
commit y\rselves to 8 h&s to be sav$8   
,he waits to bless y4 ,he delights to be
 graci\s4 ,to save s9n]s he liv$ among  
m51 & di$ & has asc5d$4 ,8 h&s are full 
( gifts4 ,he comes to y1 & /&s & knocks 
at ! door ( y\r he>ts4 ,w y bolt ! door8
 ,!re is joy 9 heav5 ov] rep5t+ s9n]s4  
,?is alone ( all e>?ly transactions     
c>ries joy to ,*ri/ & ! angels4 ,accept 
( ,*ri/1 & e>? & heav5 w ?rob ) a common
 joy4  ,^! words 7 li/5$ to ) mo/ e>ne/ 
att5tion1 = at t "t ,*ri/ & heav5 7     
realities 9 ! m9ds ( m51 & salvation 0 a
 liv+ issue4 ,mr4 ,wilton spoke z an    

e>ne/ man1 )\t cant or circumlocution1  
press+ ^u m5 ( ?\ght & consci5ce ! great
 conc]ns ( et]nity4 ,! full result ( ?is
 disc\rse w be kn[n only :5 ! op5+ ( !  
books at ! la/ day %all reveal x1 b !   
beg9n+ ( ! result 0 se5 9 ! ev5+        
pray]-meet+4 ,:5 ! invitation 0 giv5 =  
anxi\s p]sons to make kn[n _! feel+s1   
bo? ,ansel & ,pet] arose1 & confess+ 9  
few words t ! ,_s ( ,god _h be5 /riv+ ) 
!m1 & t !y _h be5 resi/+ ! ,_s1 said t  
n[ !y 7 det]m9$ to resi/ no m1 & ask$   
,*ri/ians to pray = !m t !y might be    
able to submit fully to ! ,"l ,jesus &  
tru/ entirely 9 him4 ,!n !re 0 a pause4 
,mr4 ,wilton 0 j on ! po9t ( ris+ to    
close ! meet+ :5 ,mr4 ,hume rose to 8   
feet4 ,aft] a sudd5 />t ( surprise1 a   
deep hu% pass$ ov] ! congregation1 & 9 !
 mid/ ( deepe/ sil5ce ,mr4 ,hume said3  
,i h be5 m ?an m]ely an imp5it5t man3 ,i
 h be5 an unbeliev]2 ,i h be5 an        
infidel4 ,i h n only tri$ to disbelieve 
! ,holy ,scripture1 b ,i h actually     
disbeliev$4 ,i h ?\ght myself wis] ?an !

 ^w ( ,god4 ,i d n mean t ,i h enjoy$   
peace1 t my consci5ce has be5 at re/1 & 
t ,i h be5 happy 9 my unbelief4 ,?ree   
mon?s ago ,i began to gr[ m ?an usually 
discont5t$ ) myself4 ,que/ions :i* ,i   
c\nt$ settl$ & put to re/ = ev] came    
back to tr\ble me4 ,a hundr$ times a day
 ! que/ions came1 ,:at if !re be a ,god 
:o holds me responsible8 ,:at if !re be 
a future life & a judgm5t day8 ,:at if  
,*ri/ be ! ,son ( ,god8 ,:y su* que/ions
 %\ld haunt me day & night ,i c\ld n    
tell4 ,i h le>n$ to believe t ! ,_s (   
,god 0 speak+ to me4 ,?is re/lessness   
br\ght me to ! *ur* = half a day4 ,if my
 object 0 to ga9 re/ 9 unbelief1 ,i c\ld
 n h done worse4 ,my old argum5ts 7     
unavail+ to break ! =ce ( ! tru?s       
prea*$4 ,! que/ions :i* _h be5 s\nd+ 9  
my e>s & e*o+ 9 my he>t began to *ange  
to solemn affirmations3 ',!re is a      
,god2' ',!re is a day ( judgm5t2'       
',appo9t$ unto man once to die1 & aft] t
 ! judgm5t2' ',*ri/ is ris54' ,texts (  
,scripture le>n$ 9 my boyhood & =gott5  

long ye>s ago came back fre% to my      
memory4 ,b ,i w n /op to rehe>se to y   
all my /ruggles ( m9d = two mon?s pa/4  
,= a few weeks y h se5 me "h4 ,i det]m9$
 t ,i w\ld try to f9d ,*ri/ if he       
manife/s himself to m5 9 ^! latt] days4 
,= two weeks ,i h tri$ to pray1 b ,i h  
f\nd no satisfaction4 ,*ri/ has n       
manife/$ himself4 ,my d>kness has gr[n  
deep] & deep]4 ,i h sometimes almo/     
det]m9$ to ab&on all ?\ght ( ,*ri/ & ?r[
 myself back aga9 ^u my =m] unbelief4 ,b
 ,i c\ld n lay d[n ! subject4  ,s9ce ,i 
began to try to pray ,i h felt1 fa9tly  
at fir/1 l ! :isp] ( a sugge/ion1 b     
becom+ cle>] & /rong]1 l a voice f      
heav51 t ,i mu/ 9 ?is congregation      
confess my =m] /ate & ! feel+s :i* ,i h 
_h4 ,x seem$ to me t ,i c\ld n d ?is4 ,x
 seem$ easi] to die ?an to /& up "h &   
confess t my belief1 :i* ,i _h press$ ^u
 o!rs & _h boa/$ ( z bett] ?an ! gospel1
 _h giv5 me no peace4 ,to-day ,i h be5  
made to und]/& t ! ,_s ( ,god has set me
 face to face ) ?is confession4 ,i h se5

 :at x means to be sav$--t my self-w mu/
 die or ,i mu/ bid adieu to ,*ri/ &     
hope4 ,i _c live & die hopeless4 ,i _c  
re/ my head ^u unbelief4 ,i confess to y
 t all my ?\ghts h be5 wrong4 ,my       
beliefs & my unbelief h done me no good4
 ,my :ole life has be5 enmity &         
opposition to ! ,holy ,_s4 ,i w try to  
oppose ! ,_s no m4 ,i "k n :at ! ,_s may
 lay ^u me1 ,i "k n h[ soon ,i may break
 my resolution1 b ,i n[ feel t ,i want  
to be sav$ f s91 & _c d o!rwise ?an     
foll[ ! ,_s ?\gh ,i dwell 9 d>kness =   
ev]4 ,if ,*ri/ reject me ,i _c compla91 
b if y ?9k !re is hope = "o :o has s    
despis$ ! grace ( ,god1 ,i entreat y to 
pray = me4  ,x is ne$less to say t f    
scores ( family alt>s & closets         
supplications w5t up to ,god t night = !
 salvation ( ,mr4 ,hume & ,ansel &      
,pet]1 & m5 pray$ especially t ,mr4     
,hume1 :o = ye>s _h be5 su* a t[] (     
/r5g? to ! ungodly & ! dread (          
,*ri/ians1 might be sav$ = ! glory (    
,*ri/ & ! conf\nd+ ( unbeliev]s4 ,^?    

pray]s 7 he>d4 ,:5 ! report ( t meet+ & 
t confession w5t out ?r\gh ! community1 
unbeliev]s 7 sil5t4 ,x 0 z if ! ,god (  
battles _h empti$ 8 quiv] into ! he>ts (
 8 enemies4     ,,*apt] ,,xii4          
,,transf] ,,( ,,heat ,,9 ,,space4   ,we 
n[ turn our att5tion1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1
 to a new !me4 ,9 ! vicissitudes ( day &
 night & ( summ] & w9t] heat is         
transf]r$ 9 "t4 ,we n[ are to look at ! 
arrangem5ts by :i* heat is transf]r$ 9  
space4 ,b s9ce ! transf] ( heat 9 space 
requires m or less ( "t1 ! means employ$
 are su* z suffice to accompli% bo?     
objects4 ,heat is treasur$ up & c>ri$   
away to di/ant regions1 & deliv]$ up =  
use z occasion dem&s4  ,9 a previ\s     
lesson ! incl9ation ( ! e>?'s axis 0    
spok5 (4 ,by ?is means ! nor!rn         
hemisph]e ( ! e>? is turn$ some:at t[>d 
! sun dur+ "o half ( ! ye>1 & receives a
 correspond+ly l>g] portion ( heat1 :ile
 dur+ ! o!r half ( ! ye> ! s\!rn        
hemisph]e is turn$ t[>d ! sun & is w>m$4
 ,?is incl9ation ( ! e>?'s axis to !    

plane ( its orbit gives u ! *ange (     
seasons4  ,! *ange ( seasons is         
manife/ly design$ = ! welf>e ( man4     
,along ) ! g5ial w>m? ( summ]1 fruits & 
gra9s & ! com=ts ( life are c>ri$ f>    
t[>d ! poles1 into regions :i* o!rwise  
w\ld be desolate ) p]petual fro/4 ,b ^! 
extremes ne$ to be s(t5$2 o!rwise1 !    
viol5ce ( ! *anges w\ld prove de/ructive
 r ?an b5efic5t4 ,! sev]ity ( ^! annual 
*anges ( temp]ature is ameliorat$ by "s 
( ! gr&e/ movem5ts & arrangem5ts ^u our 
globe4 ,^! arrangem5ts we h 9 a v       
imp]fect way already exam9$4  ,b !re are
 o!r inequalities ( temp]ature besides  
^? ( day & night1 summ] & w9t]4 ,pass+ f
 ! equator t[>d ! poles1 e degree ( !   
e>?'s surface pass$ ov] causes ! sun to 
s9k "o degree f ! z5i? t[>d ! horizon1 &
 gives a correspond+ l[] temp]ature1    
till )9 ! pol> circles = a "p ( ! ye> ! 
sun is entirely hidd5 & w9t] reigns )\t 
a rival4 ,! temp]ature ( ! sea diff]s f 
! temp]ature ( ! l&2 ! sun comes ne>] to
 "o hemisph]e ?an ! o!r1 & rema9s long] 

nor? ( ! equator ?an s\?4 ,^! & _m o!r  
diff]5ces ^u ! e>? give to diff]5t p>ts 
( ! _w e possible v>iety ( temp]ature & 
climate4 ,^! diff]5ces ( temp]ature ^u  
sea & l&1 f zone to zone & f hemisph]e  
to hemisph]e1 are equaliz$ or ameliorat$
 by _m ag5cies1 b *iefly by a transf] ( 
heat 9 space1 a transf] ( heat f place  
to place4  ,i d n ne$ to tell y t :ile  
we 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e are enjoy+ !    
w>m? ( summ] ! s\!rn hemisph]e is endur+
 ! sev]ities ( w9t]1 & 9 turn1 :5 w9t]  
comes to u1 summ] smiles ^u ! nations t 
live s\? ( ! equator4 ,y also rememb] t 
! orbit ( ! e>? is n an exact circle1 b 
an ellipse1 t is1 :at is sometimes call$
 9 common language a long circle4 ,= ?is
 reason ! e>? is ?ree millions ( miles  
ne>] ! sun 9 "o "p ( its orbit ?an :5 9 
ano!r "p4 ,c y tell u1 ,pet]1 at :at    
season ( ye> ! e>? is ne>] ! sun8  ,9   
midw9t]1 or ab\t ! fir/ ( ,janu>y4 ,i h 
always rememb]$ x because x seem$ s     
/range to me1 :5 ,i le>n$ x1 t ! sun    
%\ld be ne>e/ ! e>? at ! colde/ season (

 ! ye>4  ,yes1 "o is rem9d$ by x ( !    
humor\s argum5t t ! sun mu/ emit cold   
in/ead ( heat1 because :5 we are at !   
po9t ( ! e>?'s orbit :i* is ne>e/ ! sun 
x is w9t]1 & ! high] "o asc5ds ^u       
m\nta9s t[>d ! sun1 ! cold] he f9ds x4  
,b ?is ne>ness ( ! sun :ile s\? ( !     
equator w\ld naturally give ! s\!rn     
hemisph]e a w>m] summ] ?an ! nor!rn4 ,= 
?is !re is a beautiful comp5sation4 ,!  
e>? passes ?r\gh h] orbit m rapidly :5  
ne>] ! sun1 & t half ( h] orbit is also 
small]1 s t1 z ! result ( ?is1 ! sun    
rema9s nor? ( ! equator ab\t eight days 
long] ?an 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! sun is
 ne>] :ile 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 b !     
summ] is %ort]4 ,t :i* ! s\!rn hemisph]e
 ga9s 9 di/ance x loses 9 "t1 & t :i* ! 
nor!rn loses 9 di/ance x ga9s 9 "t4  ,! 
ne>ness ( ! sun :ile s\? ( ! equator1 ! 
%ortness ( ! summ]1 & ! correspond+     
di/ance ( ! sun & l5g? ( ! w9t] w\ld t5d
 to give ! s\!rn hemisph]e great        
extremes ( heat & cold1 a %ort & hot    
summ] & a long & cold w9t]4 ,= ?is also 

!re is a mo/ int]e/+ comp5sation 9 !    
comp>ative am\nt ( l& & wat] nor? & s\? 
( ! equator4 ,mu* m ?an "o-half ( ! dry 
l& lies 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,?is w\ld 
t5d to give ! nor!rn hemisph]e extremes 
( heat & cold4 ,s\? ( ! equator !re is  
comp>atively little l& & mu* wat]1 :i*  
t5ds to give ! s\!rn hemisph]e ev5ness (
 temp]ature4 ,! inequalities ( ! e>?'s  
orbit & ! e>?'s motion 9 its orbit we   
f9d c\nt]balanc$ by ! arrangem5t ( l& & 
wat] ^u ! e>?'s surface4  ,9 connection 
) ?is we may notice /ill ano!r          
comp5sation 9 ! elevation ( ! l&s by :i*
 ! burn+ heat ( ! torrid zone & ! rigors
 ( ! cold] zones are m or less dim9i%$4 
,! great] ! elevation ( any region (    
c\ntry1 ! cool] mu/ be its climate4     
,physical geograph]s l ,b>on von        
,humboldt & ,guyot h made calculations  
:i* %[ t ^? gr& divisions ( ! e>? :i*   
lie 9 ! hot regions ( ! e>? are mo/     
elevat$ above ! sea level4 ,s\? ,am]ica 
lies high] ?an ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,asia is m
 elevat$ ?an ,europe1 & ,africa is m    

elevat$ ?an ,asia4 ,! cont95ts rise z !y
 approa* ! equator & s9k t[>d ! sea     
level z !y come ne>] ! poles4 ,z ^!     
cold] l&s approa* ! wat] level _!       
valleys s9k b5ea? ! sea1 _! coa/ l9es   
become deeply ind5t$ ) bays & gulfs1 &  
lakes ab\nd4 ,?us ! w>m] wat]s ( ! sea  
are int]sp]s$ among ! cool] l&s1 & !    
temp]ature ( ! l&s is rais$4 ,! v       
elevation ( ! cont95ts & ! configuration
 ( ! l&s h a provid5tial relation to !  
temp]ature & climate ( ! _w4 ,we _c     
suppose t arrangem5ts l ^!1 s aptly     
fitt$ to ! ne$s ( man1 came by *ance4 ,9
 ! unmeasur$ ages pa/1 :ile ?is e>? 0 9 
prep>ation = man1 ,god _h ! b5efic5t end
 9 view2 nay1 9 ! v beg9n+1 ! :ole plan 
& its beautiful completion 0 _h cle>ly 9
 m9d4 ,millions ( ages ago ! great      
,creator t5d]ly consid]$ ! com=t &      
well-be+ ( ! human race1 ! late/ born ( 
8 creatures1 9 ^! la/ ages4  ,z a g5]al 
/atem5t1 ! torrid zone receives an      
excess ( heat1 :ile ! frigid zones      
receive too little1 & ! temp]ate zones1 

ly+ betwe51 receive1 at diff]5t times & 
places1 sometimes too little & sometimes
 too mu*4 ,! provid5tial arrangem5ts =  
equaliz+ temp]ature are1 !n1 *iefly     
arrangem5ts = convey+ heat f ! ov]heat$ 
tropical regions & scatt]+ x ov] !      
temp]ate & pol> regions4 ,fir/ among ^! 
means we w notice ! trade-w9ds1 or1 z = 
! sake ( brevity !y are (t5 call$1 '!   
trades4' ,w y tell u1 ,samuel1 h[ w9ds  
are caus$8  ,! air is heat$ at "s place 
& exp&s2 x becomes light] & rises1 :ile 
! cold] air ar\nd ru%es 9 to fill its   
place4  ,y use ! words :i* are commonly 
employ$ 9 expla9+ ! orig9 ( w9ds1 & v   
likely y\r idea is "r1 b ! language ne$s
 a little correction4 ,! w>m air does n 
rise ( its own accord1 s to speak1 b is 
press$ upw>d4 ,! w>m air is exp&$2 x    
presses outw>d & upw>d2 ! same weight ( 
w>m air occupies m space ?an cold air2 !
 w>m air rises & ov]tops ! surr\nd+ air1
 & !n fl[s (f 9 ord] to rea* ! common   
level4 ,! column ( w>m air is light] ?an
 ! cool] air1 & _c balance x2           

consequ5tly1 ! cold air s9ks d[n1 press+
 ! w>m air upw>d4 ,9 ?is mann] an asc5d+
 curr5t ( w>m air is =m$1 & also curr5ts
 ( cold air fl[+ f e direction t[>d !   
w>m c5tre4 ,^! curr5ts cont9ue until !  
temp]ature ( ! air is equaliz$4  ,!     
atmosph]e is commonly believ$ to be     
=ty-five or fifty miles 9 height1 ?\gh  
"s m5 h e/imat$ its height z v mu* less 
?an ?is1 :ile o!rs believe x to be six  
or sev5 hundr$ miles 9 height4 ,are we  
to suppose t ! column ( heat$ air rea*es
 to ! top ( ! atmosph]e8  ,i ?9k n1     
answ]$ ,mr4 ,hume4 ,! r>efaction ( ! l[]
 "p ( ! column r5d]s ! :ole column      
light] ?an ! air ar\nd1 & ! w>m air1 z  
we "k by ! movem5ts ( ! cl\ds1 aft] ris+
 a little way1 spreads (f 9 e direction1
 =m+ upp] curr5ts correspond+ to !      
curr5ts bel[1 b mov+ 9 ! opposite       
direction4  ,only a few days ago1 rem>k$
 ,pet]1 ,i saw 9 ! same "p ( ! sky cl\ds
 mov+ 9 exactly opposite directions1 &  
o!rs :i* seem$ to be /&+ /ill4 ,i knew  
h[ "o lay] ( cl\ds might be mov+ nor? & 

ano!r lay] mov+ s\?1 b ,i did n und]/&  
:y "s %\ld be /&+ /ill4  ,d y imag9e1   
,pet]1 t ! upp] & l[] curr5ts ( air1    
mov+ 9 opposite directions1 come %>ply  
toge!r1 ! "o slid+ aga9/ ! o!r8  ,i ?9k 
n1 said ,pet]4  ,suppos+1 !n1 z is      
c]ta9ly true1 t a /ratum ( /ill air lies
 betwe5 ! upp] & l[] w9ds1 does n t     
expla9 h[ c]ta9 cl\ds might be /&+ /ill 
:ile ! o!rs 7 mov+8  ,i might h ?\ght ( 
t myself4  ,b h[ does ?is c>ry heat f ! 
w>m] region to ! cold] regions ar\nd8   
ask$ ,ansel4 ,i see h[ ! cold] air com+ 
9 w\ld cool ! w>m region1 & h[ ! w>m    
asc5d+ air w\ld c>ry away ! excess (    
heat1 b h[ d ! cool] regions get !      
advantage ( ?is heat8  ,t is j :at ,i 0 
on ! po9t ( expla9+4 ,d y rememb] :at 0 
said ab\t ! production ( cold by        
expansion & ( heat by compression8  ,i  
rememb] t if air be r>efi$ by remov+    
pressure f x1 its temp]ature falls3 ,i  
?9k y said t a "p ( its s5sible heat    
becomes lat5t2 & if air be compress$1   
its temp]ature rises4 ,i h se5 exp]im5ts

 ) ! air pump & cond5s] to prove ?is4   
,t pr9ciple expla9s ! transf] ( heat by 
w9ds4 ,if ! heat$ air rose to ! upp]    
regions1 & !re radiat$ its heat1 no?+   
w\ld be ga9$2 ! heat w\ld be simply     
radiat$ into space4 ,b z ! w>m air rises
 pressure is m & m remov$ f x2 x exp&s2 
its s5sible heat becomes lat5t & is ?us 
kept f radiation2 its temp]ature falls1 
b n f loss ( heat4 ,?is r>efi$ air =ms !
 upp] curr5t fl[+ away f ! heat$ c5tre4 
,9 due "t ?is air mu/ come to ! surface 
( ! e>? aga94 ,:5ev] ?is takes place !  
air is br\ght aga9 "u pressure2 x is    
compress$1 & its lat5t heat becomes aga9
 s5sible4 ,heat is ?us transf]r$ f !    
w>m] region to ! cold] 9 a lat5t        
condition1 s t x _c be lo/4 ,we mu/ n[  
apply ?is to ! trade-w9ds4 ,:at are !   
trade-w9ds1 ,mr4 ,hume8  ,!y are regul> 
w9ds bl[+ f a little nor? & s\? ( !     
tropics ( ,canc] & ,capricorn s\?-we/ & 
nor?-we/ t[>d ! equator4  ,^! w9ds are  
call$ trade-w9ds1 cont9u$ ,mr4 ,wilton1 
on acc\nt ( _! great advantage to trade 

or comm]ce4 ,! regul> & /eady sweep ( ^!
 w9ds be>s ! m]*antm5 rapidly & safely  
on _! way4 ,! =mation ( '! trades' is   
easily expla9$4 ,by ! int5se heat ( !   
sun "u ! equator ! air is greatly exp&$ 
& r>efi$2 ! heat$ air rises along ! :ole
 l9e ( ! equator2 f bo? sides ! cool]   
air presses 91 is heat$1 & rises2 ?us   
/eady w9ds are =m$ f ! tropics1 or a    
little beyond ! tropics1 t[>d ! equator4
 ,if ! e>? _h no rotation ^u its axis1  
^! w9ds w\ld bl[ directly t[>d !        
equator1 exactly s\? & nor?4 ,! rotation
 ( ! e>? gives ! trade-w9ds _! oblique1 
s\?-we/ & nor?-we/ direction4 ,suppose t
 a s+le p>ticle ( air at ! tropic (     
,canc] />ts ^u its j\rney t[>d !        
equator4 ,at its />t+ x has ! same      
motion ea/w>d z ! surface ( ! e>? at t  
place1 t is1 ab\t n9e hundr$ & fifty    
miles p] h\r4 ,b z x moves on s\?w>d !  
degrees ( longitude become long] & !    
motion ( ! e>?'s surface becomes m      
rapid1 till at ! equator its motion is  
"o ?\s& & =ty miles p] h\r4 ,b ! p>ticle

 ( air we are wat*+ is n fa/5$ to !     
e>?'s surface1 & z ! e>? moves m rapidly
 ! ne>] we come to ! equator1 ! p>ticle 
( air falls beh9d1 t is1 ! air moves    
s\?w>d & ea/w>d1 b ! e>? moves ea/w>d m 
rapidly ?an ! air1 s t ! air falls beh9d
 & seems to be mov+ we/w>d4 ,! result is
 t ! air ^u ! e>?'s surface moves       
s\?-we/4 ,t :i* takes place ) a s+le    
p>ticle takes place ) ! :ole body ( !   
air1 & t :i* takes place nor? ( !       
equator takes place s\? ( x also1       
produc+ nor?-we/ w9ds4 ,on rea*+ !      
equator ! w9ds f ! nor? & ! s\? meet &  
/op1 =m+ ! equatorial calms1 & m+l+     
toge!r1 !y rise into ! high] regions4 ,9
 ris+1 ! air be>s away heat f ! torrid  
zone1 & ?is heat1 r5d]$ lat5t by !      
expansion ( ! air1 is c>ri$ nor? & s\?  
by ! upp] curr5ts z f> z ! limits ( '!  
trades4' ,9 due "t ^! upp] curr5ts      
desc5d & _! lat5t becomes s5sible heat1 
& is us$ 9 rais+ ! temp]ature4 ,mr4     
,hume1 c y sugge/ any me?od by :i* we c 
e/imate ! am\nt ( heat :i* is c>ri$ nor?

 & s\? by ! return trades8  ,i "k ( no  
me?od1 except to e/imate ! am\nt ( heat 
necess>y to raise t flood ( air :i* p\rs
 9 f ! temp]ate zones to ! equatorial   
heat4 ,t imm5se am\nt ( heat mu/1 ne>ly 
all ( x1 be c>ri$ away to ! temp]ate    
regions4  ,?is is ! g5]al explanation ( 
! trade-w9ds4 ,y mu/ und]/&1 h[ev]1 t1 9
 c]ta9 regions & "u c]ta9 conditions1 ! 
trades are liable to int]ruption or     
*ange ( direction4 ,des]t regions )9 or 
ne> ! tropics give rise to local w9ds   
:i* ov]p[] ! trades4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,asia1   
:ile ! sun is nor? ( ! equator1 ! l&    
becomes s mu* hott] ?an ! sea "u !      
equator t ! trade-w9d is ov]p[]$ &      
rev]s$1 =m+ a w9d :i* bl[s to ! nor?-ea/
 in/ead ( ! s\?-we/4 ,b ?is is only a   
beautiful flexure1 s to speak1 ( a g5]al
 arrangem5t = ! great] advantage ( a    
p>ticul> region4 ,by ?is means ! summ]  
w9ds ( ,s\!rn ,asia come f ! sea4       
,nor!rn w9ds w\ld h be5 dry4 ,prevail+  
nor!rn w9ds w\ld h made ! :ole ( ,s\!rn 
,asia a des]t2 b ! s\?-we/ monsoons come

 f ! ,indian ,ocean lad5 ) vapor1 & r5d]
 ,s\!rn ,asia a v g>d5 = f]tility4  ,!  
next great ag5cy = equaliz+ temp]ature  
betwe5 ! torrid & temp]ature zones is ! 
=mation & cond5sation ( vapor4 ,?is     
comes 9 "h1 because x dep5ds = its      
effici5cy ^u ! ag5cy ( w9ds4 ,m ?an once
 ?is me?od ( convey+ heat f place to    
place has be5 h9t$ at1 b def]r$ till we 
came to ! prop] place to speak ( w9ds4  
,! trade-w9ds1 pass+ ov] f a cold] to a 
w>m] climate1 are con/antly accumulat+  
vapor4 ,"u ! equator ! annual           
evaporation f ! surface ( ! ocean is set
 d[n at fifte5 feet1 or half an in*     
daily4 ,! =mation ( ?is vapor consumes  
heat :i* w\ld boil m ?an eighty feet (  
ice wat]4 ,! vapor ?us =m$ is borne     
upw>d by ! asc5d+ curr5t ( heat$ air4   
,on rea*+ ! high] regions a portion ( x 
is cond5s$ & =ms a belt ( cl\ds ar\nd ! 
e>?4 ,?is belt ( cl\ds along ! equator  
is kn[n z ! 'cl\d-r+4' ,?is cl\d-r+     
%ields ! belt ( calms f ! burn+ rays ( !
 sun & s5ds d[n almo/ incessant ra9s4 ,b

 does n t cond5sation :i* =ms ! cl\d-r+ 
set free lat5t heat1 & ?us int5sify !   
great heat ( ! equator8 ,lat5t heat     
becomes s5sible1 b x is giv5 out into ! 
asc5d+ curr5t ( air1 & s]ves only to    
give x ano!r lift till by expansion ( ! 
air x aga9 becomes lat5t4 ,! heat is    
simply transf]r$ f ! vapor to ! air4 ,! 
vapor :i* rema9s uncond5s$ is borne away
 on ! w+s ( ! return 'trades' to ! s\? &
 to ! nor?1 & 9 due "t is cond5s$ &     
returns to ! e>? z ra92 ! heat :i* is   
giv5 out by its cond5sation1 :]ev] &    
:5ev] x is cond5s$1 is giv5 ov] z lat5t 
heat to ! keep+ ( ! air1 & is pass$ back
 = use :5ev] ! air desc5ds to ! e>?4    
,vapor ga!r$ f sea or l& is ev]y:]e     
ex]t+ ?is equaliz+ influ5ce ^u          
temp]ature4 ,does ! temp]ature rise 9   
any place8 ,vapor is =m$4 ,e moi/ body  
beg9s to give up its moi/ure1 & ! excess
 ( heat is employ$ 9 turn+ ?is wat] into
 vapor4 ,?is is ! me?od by :i*          
p]spiration cools man or bea/2 :e!r x be
 ins5sible p]spiration f ! invisible    

pores ( ! sk91 or p]spiration /&+ 9     
beady drops ^u ! face ( ! toil+ labor]1 
vapor is =m$ & heat is c>ri$ away4 ,h y 
n notic$ on close1 muggy days :5 no?+   
dries1 %[+ t v little vapor is =m+1 t   
p]spiration seems to h no cool+ effect8 
,x oozes f ! sk91 b does n evaporate1 & 
h5ce does n c>ry (f ! surplus heat4     
,animals l dogs & ox51 t d n become wet 
) p]spiration1 d n be> heat well2 !y    
soon pant & loll1 attempt+ to get rid ( 
! excessive heat ?r\gh ! moi/ brea? &   
op5 m\?4  ,! sum-total ( heat transf]r$ 
by ?is ag5cy is too great =             
compreh5sion4 ,look at ! ,amazon roll+  
to ! ocean a flood broad z an arm ( !   
sea4 ,t great riv] is br\ght f !        
,atlantic ,ocean on ! %\ld]s ( !        
trade-w9d4 ,z ! vapor is sl[ly lift$ by 
! rise ( ! l& f ! sea level to ! summits
 ( ! ,&es1 x is cond5s$1 & falls z ra94 
,well is x = ,s\? ,am]ica t ! ,&es 7    
?r[n up on ! we/]n coa/1 = ! w9ds we/ ( 
! m\nta9s are dry z a press$ sponge1 & !
 mo/ ( t n>r[ slope is b>r5 & desolate4 

,s\? ,am]ica w\ld be a des]t if ! ,&es  
ran along ! ea/]n coa/4 ,look at !      
,mississippi1 & ! great riv]s ( ,europe1
 & ! mat*less riv]s ( ,s\!rn ,asia4 ,all
 ! riv]s ( ! _w repres5t only ! wa/age (
 ! ra9 :i* falls ^u ! l& aft] supply+ ! 
wants ( ! vegetable k+dom & keep+ ! l&s 
moi/4 ,all ?is wat] is lift$ into ! air 
by heat1 & e movem5t ( vapor is a       
movem5t ( heat4 ,e p>ticle ( vapor goes 
freight$ ) heat4 ,e cl\d driv5 across ! 
sky repres5ts ! transf] ( heat1 & e     
transf] is 9 ! direction ( equalization4
 ,ev]y:]e ! t5d5cy is to equilibrium4   
,nature has no processes = transf]r+    
heat f cold] to w>m] regions4  ,we may  
=m a conception ( ! am\nt ( heat        
transf]r$ by ! ag5cy ( vapor by e/imat+ 
! am\nt ( heat-=ce requir$ to evaporate 
! wat] :i* =ms our ra9-cl\ds & lift !m  
into ! upp] regions4 ,accord+ to a      
calculation ( ,mr4 ,all51 late (        
,provid5ce1 to evaporate "o-eigh? ( an  
in* ( wat] daily f t belt ( ! surface ( 
! e>? ly+ )9 ! tropics1 & raise x five  

?\s& feet high1 requires #d1gjj1jjj1jjj 
horse-p[]1 or "o hundr$ & ?irty times ! 
effective =ce ( ! :ole human race1      
reckon+ x at #bej1jjj1jjj able-bodi$ m54
 ,b ! actual evaporation f ! sea )9 !   
tropics is believ$ to be ab\t half an   
in* daily--f\r times z great z ,mr4     
,all5's supposition4  ,i see1 h[ev]1 t  
our "t is ne>ly exhau/$1 & ,i wi% be=e  
clos+ to rev]t to t m important !me ^u  
:i* ,i spoke ?is =5oon4 ,i d n "k h[ !  
tru?s prea*$ int]e/$ or affect$ y1 nor d
 ,i n[ wi% to h y tell me4 ,i wi% only  
to say t1 z ! s]mon 0 prea*$ at y\r     
reque/1 ,i hope x prov$ applicable to y1
 & t y w give ! tru?s pres5t$ e>ne/     
att5tion4 ,consid] !m well1 & make y\r  
conclusions kn[n ?is ev5+4  ,!          
conclusion :i* ! ev5+ made kn[n1 y1     
read]1 h already le>n$4     ,,*apt]     
,,xiii4  ,,ocean ,,curr5ts ,,&          
,,iceb]gs4   ,a week has pass$ s9ce ,mr4
 ,hume made 8 frank confession4 ,he w5t 
home no light] ( he>t ?an be=e1 yet he  
felt 9 "s respects diff]5t1 = he _h     

attempt$ to d :at 0 "r 9 ! sight ( ,god4
 ,b he did n feel ! joy ( s9s =giv54 ,he
 _h n look$ ^u ,*ri/ z a ,savi\r =      
himself4 ,he felt t ,god _h di/9ctly set
 life & dea? be=e him4 ,8 d\bts 7 gone2 
! spiritual _w 0 a reality2 ,*ri/ /ood  
at 8 "r h& & ,satan at 8 left2 he /ood  
:]e ! pa? ( de/9y divid$1 ! "o pa? lead+
 up to heav5ly seats ) ,*ri/1 ! o!r     
lead+ d[n to d>kness & despair4 ,a voice
 seem$ to be :isp]+ 9 8 e>s1 ,?is is !  
la/ call4 ,he w5t to 8 *amb] det]m9$1 if
 possible1 to settle ! "q ( life or dea?
 be=e he left ! place & be=e he slept4  
,he took 8 ,bible1 & on 8 knees turn$ & 
read ! ,psalms at r&om4 ,b ! cl\d (     
d>kness only ga!r$ deep]4 ,! words (    
,david's p5it5tial ,psalm caught 8 eye3 
,aga9/ !e1 !e only1 h ,i s9n$1 & done   
?is evil 9 ?y sight4 ,he felt t ^! words
 ( ,david 7 true 9 8 case also4 ,all 8  
long imp5it5ce & bold unbelief _h be5   
aga9/ ,god4 ,by night & by day1 = _m a  
long ye>1 be=e ! sleepless eye ( ,god1  
he _h lift$ up 8 h&1 almo/ defy+ ! holy 

,"o1 yet ! lightn+ ( ,god _h n smitt5   
him4 ,he wond]$ z mu* at ! long-suff]+ (
 ,god z at 8 own dreadful d>+ ( ! div9e 
wra?4 ,he _h be5 taught bett] ?+s2 he 0 
tra9$ to "k ! ,scriptures & to g        
rev]5tly to ! h\se ( ,god1 b he _h turn$
 f ,*ri/ & hope4 ,he read on3 ,deliv] me
 f blood-guilt9ess1 ,o ,god1 ?\ ,god (  
my salvation4 ,he felt t ?is belong$ to 
himself m ?an to ,david4 ,david _h %$ ! 
blood ( natural life1 b he _h de/roy$ ! 
s\ls ( m54 ,he _h /ood *ief among       
unbeliev]s4 ,he _h l$ "y m5 into        
infidelity4 ,he _h se5 !m dr9k 9 8      
unbelief l wat]1 ?r[ (f all re/ra9t1 &  
ru% headlong to ru94 ,he _h wr\ght a "w 
( evil :i* he c\ld nev] undo1 & = :i* he
 c\ld make no atonem5t4 ,:at 0 a        
confession 9 comp>ison ) ! ru9 he _h    
caus$8 ,:at c\ld 8 confession d = ! "y  
m5 already1 p]haps1 among ! lo/ ?r\gh 8 
influ5ce8 ,c\ld 8 late rep5tance call !m
 back to life & hope8 ,w\ld ,god =give &
 raise to heav5ly heights a man :o _h   
dragg$ o!rs d[n to hell8 ,w\ld x be     

possible t ,*ri/ %\ld fill 8 s\l )      
bless$ness :ile 8 victims 7 dr9k+ ! w9e 
( ! wra? ( ,god8 ,a deep horror seiz$   
him4 ,! d>kness ( et]nal dea? seem$ to  
enfold him4 ,mu/ he1 !n1 aft] hav+      
caught a glimpse ( life & joy1 be cut (f
 f hope & be driv5 f ,god = ev]8 ,?is   
w\ld be j1 b he felt t he c\ld n endure 
x4 ,o ?\ great & holy ,god1 he pray$1 ,i
 w ascribe righte\sness to !e ?\gh ?y   
righte\s wra? %all s9k me to hell2 b1 ,o
 ?\ m]ciful ,god1 my s\l _c endure ?y   
ju/ice4 ,! =eta/e ( ?y wra? fills me ) !
 pangs ( et]nal dea?4 ,o ,god1 h m]cy ^u
 me4 ,o ,god1 blot out my               
transgressions4 ,create 9 me a clean    
he>t1 & r5ew a "r _s )9 me4 ,o ,*ri/1   
:om ,i h despis$1 ca/ me n f ?y pres5ce4
 ,help me to submit to !e4 ,help me to  
foll[ !e4 ,sp>e me t ,i may undo some?+ 
( t :i* ,i h done aga9/ ?y glory & !    
s\ls ( m54 ,o ,jesus1 ,i c d no?+ to    
save myself4 ,o ,"l1 h m]cy on me1 !    
*ief ( s9n]s4  ,he read ! invitations & 
promises ( ,*ri/1 & pray$ aga94 ,aga9 he

 read & aga9 he pray$4 ,little by little
 ! promises ( ,*ri/ /irr$ a feeble fai? 
9 8 he>t2 he felt t !re 0 /ill hope =   
him1 & ) ! det]m9ation to ca/ himself ^u
 ! sure m]cies ( ,*ri/ & to devote      
himself to 8 s]vice1 he ?rew himself ^u 
8 b$1 & be+ we>i$ almo/ to exhau/ion1   
soon fell asleep4 ,:5 he awoke x 0 broad
 daylight4 ,he _h slept a sweet1 refre%+
 sleep4 ,b he 0 refre%$ n m]ely 9 body4 
,he woke to a new _w4 ,8 he>t 0 fill$ ) 
sweet ?ankfulness4 ,h[ beautiful1 he    
said1 is ,god's _w6 ,i nev] saw x s     
be=e1 b ! e>? & sky seem clo!d 9 glory4 
,b mo/ wond]ful ( all is ,god's goodness
 to me4 ,i h rebell$ aga9/ him all my   
life1 yet he has lov$ me & s\ght = my   
salvation1 & n[ ! sunlight ( 8 love has 
brok5 ?r\gh ! ?ick cl\ds ( my s91 & a   
day ( hope & joy has dawn$ ^u my life4  
,*ri/ has inde$ reveal$ himself4 ,bless$
 be 8 holy "n = ev] & ev]6 ,:at %all ,i 
r5d] unto ! ,"l = all 8 b5efits8 ,i w   
take ! cup ( salvation & call ^u ! "n ( 
! ,"l4 ,i w pay my v[s n[ 9 pres5ce (   

all 8 p4 ,i w tea* transgressors ?y     
ways1 & s9n]s %all be conv]t$ unto !e4  
,all ?is 0 kn[n to ! p1 = dur+ ! week   
,mr4 ,hume _h spok5 ( x 9 private & 9   
public4 ,he _h told x to ,mr4 ,wilton1 &
 !y _h rejoic$ toge!r4  ,ansel & ,pet]  
_h also regul>ly pres5t$ !mselves at e  
meet+ z anxi\s inquir]s desir+ ! grace (
 ,god4 ,pet] _h also on 8 knees said f !
 he>t1 ,"h1 ,"l1 ,i give myself away1 & 
_h receiv$ ! assurance t 8 s9s 7 =giv54 
,! ,_s ( ,god witness$ ) 8 _s t he 0    
born ( ,god4 ,he began at once to use   
all 8 influ5ce to br+ 8 "y fri5ds to    
,jesus4 ,! addition ( two su* work]s z  
,mr4 ,hume & ,pet]1 ea* mov+ 9 8 own    
circle ( acqua9tances1 gave a fre%      
impulse to ! religi\s int]e/1 :i* 0 n[  
becom+ deep & p]vasive4 ,especially _h  
,mr4 ,hume's conv]sion1 s cle> &        
positive1 conf\nd$ ^? :o _h sat 9 ! seat
 ( ! scornful1 & _m came 9 n[ = ! fir/  
"t to see = !mselves :at x c\ld be t _h 
ma/]$ _! cold1 cle>-head$ lead] 9       
unbelief4  ,b ,ansel /ill walk$ 9       

d>kness4 ,he _h talk$ ) ,mr4 ,wilton1 b 
no light _h ent]$ 8 m9d4 ,he said t he  
?\ght he _h submitt$ 9 all ?+s to ! w ( 
,god4 ,he 0 becom+ impati5t t ,*ri/ _h n
 come to him z to o!rs4 ,?is 0 _!       
condition z !y came toge!r ^u ! ,"l's   
,day4 ,!y all und]/ood ea* o!r1 & _h no 
ne$ n[ to ask que/ions or make          
explanations4 ,mr4 ,wilton believ$ t !  
/udy ( ,god's works w\ld n int]rupt !   
work+ ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & !re=e w5t on ) 8 
lesson z usual4  ,we h already spok5 ( !
 transf] ( heat f ! torrid to ! temp]ate
 & frigid zones by ! ag5cy ( w9ds &     
wat]y vapor4 ,^! c>ry heat *iefly 9 a   
lat5t condition4 ,b great movem5ts (    
heat take place 9 a s5sible /ate4 ,9 ?is
 transf] ( heat1 also1 wat] is ! great  
c>ri]4 ,! w9ds & vapor g freight$ )     
lat5t heat above1 & ! wat]s & w9d g     
freight$ ) s5sible heat bel[4 ,we w fir/
 exam9e ! op]ation ( ! ocean curr5ts4   
,n only d riv]s run ?r\gh ! l&s & ha/5  
to ! sea1 b 9 ! mid/ ( ! oceans riv]s   
are fl[+ 9 comp>ison ) :i* !            

,mississippi1 ! ,amazon1 & !            
,yang-tse-kiang are rippl+ brooklets4 ,!
 e>? is belt$ by ^! ocean /reams trav]s+
 ! seas4 ,an ocean curr5t1 call$ ! ,gulf
 ,/ream1 issues f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico     
betwe5 ! ,florida coa/ & ! ,bahama      
isl&s4 ,x fl[s nor?w>d (f ! coa/ ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 gradually increas+ 9     
bread? & spread+ ov] ! ,atlantic ,ocean4
 ,x is deflect$ by ! ,new ,engl& coa/ & 
! great %oals (f ,newf\ndl&1 call$ !    
,gr& ,banks1 or else by ano!r curr5t    
fl[+ s\?w>d f ,baff9's ,bay1 & /rikes   
across ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 ba?+ ! %ores (
 ! ,briti% isl&s & rea*+ ev5 to ,icel&4 
,! g5]al outl9e ( ! ocean curr5ts is    
?is3 issu+ f ! ,s\? ,pacific1 a curr5t  
fl[+ ea/w>d splits ^u ,cape ,horn4 ,!   
we/]n portion1 call$ ,humboldt's curr5t1
 fl[s nor?w>d along ! we/]n coa/ ( ,s\? 
,am]ica1 & is swall[$ up & lo/ 9 ! great
 equatorial curr5t ( ! ,pacific4 ,?is is
 a broad curr5t fl[+ we/w>d & cov]+ !   
entire space betwe5 ! tropics4 ,/rik+ ^u
 ! ea/]n %ores ( ,asia1 ?is equatorial  

curr5t divides1 "o "p fl[+ nor?w>d along
 ! coa/ ( ,asia1 ! o!r f9d+ its way     
?r\gh ! _m isl&s1 sweep+ across !       
,indian ,ocean1 & fl[+ d[n ! ea/]n %ore 
( ,africa on ea* side ( ,madagasc>4     
,d\bl+ ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! curr5t  
cont9ues 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction      
across ! ,atlantic4 ,/rik+ ^u ,cape ,/4 
,roque1 ?is curr5t aga9 divides2 a "p   
fl[s s\? & a "p p\rs into ! ,c>ibbean   
,sea4 ,f ! ,c>ibbean ,sea x issues z !  
,gulf ,/ream1 ( :i* ,i h already spok54 
,?is ,gulf ,/ream imp+es ^u ! we/]n coa/
 ( ,europe1 & p\rs p>tly into ! ,nor?   
,sea & p>tly fl[s s\? (f ! we/]n coa/ ( 
,africa1 complet+ ?us ! circuit ( !     
,atlantic4 ,! curr5ts ( ! ,indian & ( ! 
great ,s\!rn ,oceans are z yet v        
imp]fectly und]/ood4 ,( all ! ocean     
/reams ! ,gulf ,/ream is mo/ fam\s & be/
 und]/ood4 ,i %all !re=e use ?is z an   
illu/ration ( ! ag5cy ( ocean curr5ts 9 
convey+ heat & modify+ climate4  ,!     
wat]s ( ! ,c>ibbean ,sea are heat$ by ! 
tropic sun to eighty-eight degrees4 ,f  

^! heat$ wat]s ! ,gulf ,/ream issues    
salt] & w>m]1 & ( a deep] blue1 ?an !   
wat]s ( ! surr\nd+ sea4 ,its greate/    
velocity z x issues f ! gulf is a little
 m ?an ?ree miles p] h\r4 ,z x fl[s     
nor?w>d its velocity dim9i%es1 its      
bread? becomes great]1 & its dep? less4 
,x cov]s ?us ) its w>m wat]s a broad    
belt ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & ext5ds its 
influ5ce to ! mo/ nor!rn "p ( ,europe4  
,y c judge ( ! am\nt ( heat :i* is      
remov$ f ! tropics :5 ,i tell y t !     
unmeasur$ flood ( ! ,gulf ,/ream w\ld   
swall[ up ?ree ?\s& riv]s l !           
,mississippi4 ,?is "o ocean /ream is _m 
times great] ?an all ! riv]s ( ! _w4 ,we
 feel ! w>m? ( ! ,gulf ,/ream ) e w9d t 
bl[s f ! sea4 ,to ?is ! ,briti% isles   
owe _! mild1 moi/ climate & p]5nial     
gre5ness1 & by its influ5ce a w9t] 9    
,icel&1 ^u ! ,arctic circle1 is no m    
rigor\s ?an a w9t] 9 ,montreal1 tw5ty-"o
 degrees ne>] ! equator4 ,b :at is !    
,gulf ,/ream1 ?\gh x be fifty fold      
great] ?an all ! riv]s ( ! _w1 9        

comp>ison ) ! :ole sum ( ! ocean /reams8
 ,upp] curr5ts & "u curr5ts fill ! sea4 
,!y meet ! explor]s ( ! sea ev]y:]e4 ,! 
navigator drops 8 measur+ l9e1 & f9ds x 
swept away & drawn out by unse5 curr5ts4
 ,all ^! movem5ts ( ! wat]s are 9 favor 
( ! equalization ( temp]ature4 ,! cool] 
wat]s ( ! frigid & temp]ate zones are   
m+l$ ) ! heat$ wat]s ( ! tropics &      
ex*ang$ = ! equatorial wat]s4 ,! transf]
 ( heat w\ld n be great] if broad riv]s 
( molt5 lava 7 fl[+ f ! equator to !    
poles4  ,ano!r ag5cy = ! transf] ( heat 
is ! movem5t ( ice1 & especially (      
iceb]gs4  ,w y n tell u1 said ,samuel1  
h[ ^! ocean curr5ts are produc$8 ,i c   
und]/& h[ w9ds are =m$1 b ,i d n see t  
^! /reams 9 ! sea c\ld be =m$ 9 ! same  
way4  ,i design$ to speak ( ?is1 b = !  
mom5t x _h slipp$ f my m9d3 ,i am glad t
 y call$ my att5tion to x4 ,i d n       
expect1 h[ev]1 to give a full &         
satisfactory acc\nt ( _! orig94 ,if ,i  
%\ld d ?is1 ,i %\ld succe$ :]e e o!r man
 has fail$4 ,i %all n attempt a full    

explanation4 ,by "s means or o!r1 !     
wat]s ( ! ocean are ?r[n out (          
equilibrium1 & ^! curr5ts are pla9ly an 
ef=t to re/ore ! balance or equilibrium 
( ! wat]s4 ,_m influ5ces & ag5cies      
conspire to di/urb ! equilibrium ( !    
sea4 ,! attractions ( ! sun & moon are  
con/antly c\nt]act+ ! attraction ( ! e>?
 & lift+ ! wat]s1 s to speak1 above _!  
natural level4 ,! tides produc$ by ^!   
attractions ( ! sun & moon are !        
imm$iate cause ( "s ( ! m9or local      
curr5ts4 ,! w9ds set ! wat]s 9 motion1  
t5d+ to pile !m up 9 "o place & leave ! 
sea bel[ its natural level at ano!r4 ,! 
effect ( /rong w9ds 9 pil+ up ! wat]s1  
ev5 ^u our great lakes1 is v            
consid]able4 ,a heavy ea/ w9d ^u ,lake  
,erie has be5 kn[n to drive ! wat]s t[>d
 ! we/]n end ( ! lake s mu* z to leave  
,niag>a ,riv] above ! falls almo/ dry4  
,on ! o!r h&1 a heavy we/ w9d drives !  
wat]s ea/w>d1 & produces almo/ a flood 9
 ! riv]4 ,! influ5ce ( con/ant w9ds l ! 
'trades' act+ ^u an imm5se expanse (    

wat] mu/ be v mu* great]4 ,unequal      
evaporation t5ds to de/roy ! balance ( !
 wat]s4 ,9 ! cold] regions ! evaporation
 is v little1 :ile )9 ! tropics x am\nts
 to ab\t half an in* daily1 or fifte5   
feet p] annum4 ,! head ( ! ,r$ ,sea is  
two feet l[] ?an its m\? on acc\nt (    
evaporation4 ,?is unequal evaporation   
causes also an unequal saltness1 &      
consequ5tly an unequal weight4 ,! fre%] 
& light] wat] _c balance an equal bulk (
 salt] & heavi] wat]4 ,:5 once curr5ts  
are />t$ ! revolution ( ! e>? ^u its    
axis w\ld affect !m1 j z ! rotation ( ! 
e>? affects ! trade-w9ds4 ,n[1 all ^!   
v>i\s ag5cies1 & p]haps _m o!rs1 comb9e 
_! influ5ce to de/roy ! equilibrium ( ! 
wat]s ( ! ocean4 ,!y unite & int]weave  
_! influ5ce 9 a ?\s& ways beyond all    
human calculation4 ,! result is ! ocean 
curr5ts4 ,b h[ mu* is due to "o cause & 
h[ mu* to ano!r 9 ! pres5t /ate ( k no  
man c tell4 ,only = a few ye>s h !      
ph5om5a ( ocean curr5ts be5 made !      
object ( sci5tific obs]vation & rese>*4 

,b ! effect ( ocean curr5ts 9 modify+   
climate is well und]/ood1 & !           
modification ( climate means no?+ else  
?an ! transf] ( heat4 ,?is is all t ,i h
 to say ( ! riv]s ( ! sea1 & if !re are 
no m que/ions1 we w n[ look at ! movem5t
 ( heat caus$ by iceb]gs4  ,no "q 0     
ask$1 & ,mr4 ,wilton cont9u$3  ,9 pol>  
regions !re mu/ be an imm5se =mation (  
ice4 ,except 9 ! oceans1 ! movem5ts (   
wat] are *iefly movem5ts ( wat] 9 !     
condition ( ice4 ,only = a small "p ( ! 
ye> c\ld wat] exi/ unfroz54 ,imm5se     
regions ( ! ,ant>ctic cont95t seem to be
 cov]$ ) "o broad glaci]4 ,! ice pu%es  
d[n into ! sea until1 und]m9$ by ! da%+ 
( ! waves1 x breaks (f1 & enorm\s       
fragm5ts are laun*$ ^u ! deep wat]s4    
,sir ,james ,ross saw 9 ! s\!rn ocean a 
*a9 ( su* iceb]gs ext5d+ z f> z ! eye   
c\ld rea* f ! ma/-head1 _m ( !m f "o    
hundr$ feet to "o hundr$ & eighty feet 9
 height & miles across4 ,capta9         
d',urville saw "o ?irte5 miles long & "o
 hundr$ feet high4 ,its bulk 0 s va/ t  

?\gh ! waves 7 da%+ aga9/ x n a tremor 0
 p]ceptible4 ,a/ronomic obs]vations c\ld
 be made f x z if x 7 solid rock root$ 9
 ! he>t ( ! e>?4 ,9 ! same mann] iceb]gs
 are =m$ 9 ! nor!rn ocean also4 ,h[ mu* 
heat is giv5 out 9 ! freez+ ( wat]8     
,ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty degrees1 answ]$   
,pet]4  ,9 ! =mation ( iceb]gs1 !n1 heat
 is giv5 out ne>ly suffici5t to boil an 
equal quantity ( cold wat]4 ,! iceb]gs  
float away t[>d ! equator4 ,!y come d[n 
f ,baff9's ,bay till !y meet ! ,gulf    
,/ream (f ,newf\ndl&4 ,9 ! s\!rn        
hemisph]e !y come t5 degrees ne>] !     
equator4 ,z !y float t[>d ! tropics !y  
sl[ly melt1 & 9 _! melt+ !y exact f !   
air & ! sea :]e !y melt ! same am\nt (  
heat :i* !y gave up 9 _! freez+4 ,if !y 
melt$ at ! same place :]e !y froze1 !re 
w\ld be no transf] ( heat4 ,b !y are =m$
 9 ! pol> regions2 !y give out _! heat 9
 ! frigid zone1 :ile !y melt & absorb a 
l am\nt ( heat f ! temp]ate zones4 ,9   
?is mann] ! pol> regions are ex*ang+ ) !
 temp]ate zones ice = wat]4 ,!y borr[   

wat]1 rob x ( its lat5t heat1 & s5d x   
back 9 ! =m ( ice4 ,! temp]ate zones    
supply ! ne$$ heat & br+ ! ice back to !
 =m ( wat]1 :5 ! pol> regions aga9 borr[
 x1 seize ^u its heat1 & aga9 s5d x back
 9 ! =m ( ice m\nta9s4 ,! effect is !   
same z if ?\s&s ( railroad tra9s 7      
transport+ wat] to ! frigid zones1 leav+
 x !re to freeze & give up its "o hundr$
 & =ty degrees ( lat5t heat1 & br++ x   
back 9 ! =m ( ice4 ,let u e/imate ! bulk
 ( "o su* iceb]g z t se5 by ,capta9     
d',urville4 ,x 0 ?irte5 miles long & "o 
hundr$ feet high1 & we w suppose t x 0  
f\r miles broad4 ,/&+ out f ! wat] "o   
hundr$ feet1 x mu/ h sunk at lea/ eight 
hundr$ feet bel[ ! surface4 ,?is w\ld   
give u ! enorm\s bulk (                 
7#a1cjd1gji1abj1jjj7 "o trillion ?ree   
hundr$ & f\r billions sev5 hundr$ & n9e 
millions "o hundr$ & tw5ty ?\s& cubic   
feet ( ice4 ,! burn+ ( "o p\nd ( coal w 
g5]ate heat suffici5t to melt ab\t five 
& a half cubic feet ( ice4 ,to melt "o  
su* iceb]g w\ld require m ?an "o hundr$ 

& eighte5 millions ( tons ( an?racite   
coal4 ,?is is ! am\nt ( heat giv5 out 9 
! pol> region by its freez+4 ,?is is !  
am\nt ( heat transport$ f ! w>m] to !   
cold] regions4 ,b :at is "o iceb]g to ! 
?\s&s :i* drift ye>ly f ! frigid zones  
t[>d ! tropics8  ,b ev5 ?is h>dly       
repres5ts ! entire transf] ( heat by !  
ag5cy ( iceb]gs4 ,! iceb]gs are =m$ f ! 
sn[s ( pol> /orms1 & ^! are =m$ f !     
cond5sation & freez+ ( vapors4 ,9 !     
process ( cond5sation "o ?\s& degrees ( 
heat are giv5 out4 ,e iceb]g repres5ts a
 transf] ( heat suffici5t to boil m ?an 
six times its weight ( ice wat]4  ,"o   
m>k$ illu/ration ( ! effect ( iceb]gs we
 ought to notice4 ,d[n ?r\gh ,baff9's   
,bay iceb]gs are con/antly float+4 ,!y  
are borne on s\?w>d till1 9 ! /ill wat]s
 ( ! ,gr& ,banks1 betwe5 ! pol> curr5t &
 ! ,gulf ,/ream1 !y float ar\nd & melt &
 disappe>4 ,to ^! melt+ iceb]gs !       
*ill9ess & unfail+ fogs ( ! ,gr& ,banks 
are due2 & n only ?is1 b ! v exi/5ce ( !
 ,banks is suppos$ to be due to !       

deposit ( s$im5t1 s&1 e>?1 & /one br\ght
 by pol> ice4  ,i h spok5 only ( ! pol> 
glaci]s & ! iceb]gs =m$ by _! pu%+ (f   
into ! sea4 ,b ! same transf] ( heat is 
tak+ place1 on a v mu* small] scale & )9
 n>r[ limits1 by ! glaci]s ( ! ,alps & e
 o!r m\nta9 glaci]4 ,! glaci]s are no?+ 
else ?an riv]s ( ice4 ,sn[ falls ^u !   
m\nta9 tops & valleys ( ! m\nta9 sides f
 age to age4 ,! sn[ sl[ly *anges to !   
/ructure ( ice1 & by its enorm\s weight 
fl[s d[n ?r\gh ! gorges ( ! m\nta9      
sides1 till 9 ! w>m] vales bel[ x melts 
& disappe>s4 ,we h n "t to g into a full
 exam9ation ( all ! int]e/+ ph5om5a (   
glaci]s1 b ?is "o po9t y w notice &     
rememb]3 ^! riv]s ( ice--= !y fl[ l     
riv]s--cool ! valleys & t5d to w>m !    
m\nta9 tops2 ( c\rse ^u ! tops ( !      
m\nta9s !re c be no accumulation ( heat1
 because1 /&+ out into ! et]nal coldness
 ( space1 & swept by w9ds = ev]1 &      
expos$ by ! ?9ness ( ! air to a rapidity
 ( evaporation unkn[n at ! sea level1   
heat is caught up & borne away 9 a      

mom5t4   ,illu/ration3 ,,transportation 
( ,,heat4  ,page #bhh4   ,?is closes ?is
 dep>tm5t ( our !me4 ,i might h gone mu*
 m into details & giv5 y great /ores (  
p>ticul> facts & figures1 b !y w\ld h   
add$ no?+ to y\r und]/&+ ( ! subject1 & 
we c h>dly af=d to devote our ,"l's ,day
 to ma/]+ ! details ( ! natural sci5ces4
 ,we h n[ look$ at "s ( ! me?ods by :i* 
! extremes ( heat & cold1 9 day & night1
 9 summ] & w9t]1 & 9 ! tropics & pol>   
regions1 are mitigat$4 ,! same pr9ciples
 op]ate ^u ! smalle/ & ^u ! l>ge/ scale4
 ,if !re is ne$ = me to attempt 9 a =mal
 way to awak5 9 y admiration = ! wisdom 
& goodness ( ,god %[n 9 all ^! b5efic5t 
arrangem5ts = equaliz+ temp]ature1 our  
/udy has be5 l>gely 9 va94 ,we h only to
 rememb] t all ^! contrivances are !    
,"l's designs4 ,he creat$ ! _w2 he end[$
 matt] ) its qualities & =ces1 & he gave
 x ^! qualities & =ces = ! purpose ( us+
 x z he has us$ x4 ,he plann$ all ^?    
contrivances by :i* he secures ! com=t &
 ! good ( man1 & ! fact t ^! natural    

ag5cies are fitt$ = moral uses 9 recov]+
 s9n]s to hol9ess & bless$ness is b !   
culm9ation ( its adaptation to ! uses ( 
man4  ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n complete our  
c\rse ( /udy4 ,a few o!r po9ts w dem&   
our att5tion = two or ?ree m lessons4 ,b
 :ile we g on ) our /udies ( ,nature1   
rememb] t ! physical 0 creat$ = ! sake (
 ! spiritual2 ! spiritual is m          
important4 ,let u n subv]t ! div9e ord] 
& s9k ! high purpose ( ! creation to m]e
 mat]ial ag5cies & contrivances4 ,to "k 
,god is great] & bett] ?an to und]/&    
,nature4 ,t we might "k & enjoy &       
glorify ! ,creator 0 ! object ( our     
creation4 ,we _c express x 9 bett]      
language ?an t employ$ 9 ! old cate*ism3
 ',! *ief end ( man is to glorify ,god &
 enjoy him = ev]4' ,t t]m '= ev]'       
includes ! pres5t life z well z !       
future4 ,we ought to "k1 enjoy1 &       
glorify ,god to-day4 ,i hope t ano!r    
week may f9d ,ansel ) "s happy exp]i5ce 
9 ?is matt]4     ,,*apt] ,,xiv4         
,,combu/ion4--,,coal-,,b$s4   ,ano!r    

,"l's ,day comes1 & no *ange has tak5   
place ) ! class :i* calls = m5tion4     
,ansel /ill walks 9 d>kness1 ready inde$
 on e occasion to manife/ 8 conc]n = !  
salvation ( 8 s\l1 dilig5t 9 read+ !    
,scriptures1 frequ5t 9 pray]1 & giv+ yet
 no indication ( a flagg+ ( 8 av[$      
purpose to foll[ ,*ri/1 b he receives no
 com=t & peace4 ,a pa9ful & di/ress$    
int]e/ is becom+ m & m conc5trat$ ^u    
him4 ,:at w be ! end ( 8 grop+ 9        
d>kness8 ,?is _c la/ always4 ,unless !  
h9drance1 :atev] x be1 :i* prev5ts !    
ex]cise ( fai?1 be se5 & remov$1 ,ansel 
w probably soon g back to 8 =m] c>eless 
/ate1 &1 x may be1 become t5fold m      
obdurate ?an be=e4 ,he w be likely1 on !
 "o h&1 to become self-righte\s f 8     
suppos$ ef=t to come to ,jesus1 &1 on ! 
o!r1 disc\rag$ & despair+1 feel+ t = him
 ef=t is va9 & salvation unatta9able4   
,:ile he rema9s 9 ?is /ate ! v lapse (  
"t is dang]\s4 ,all feel conc]n$ = him1 
b no que/ions are ask$1 & ! lesson goes 
on z usual4  ,! me?od ( transf]r+ heat  

:i* we are n[ to exam9e is :olly diff]5t
 9 pr9ciple f any :i* we h z yet        
consid]$4 ,i ref] to ! production ( heat
 by combu/ion4 ,! transf] ( heat by     
combu/ion _c be comp>$ = va/ness ) ^?   
great movem5ts ( heat :i* h be=e claim$ 
our att5tion1 yet = ! com=t & well-be+ (
 ! human race combu/ion is exce$+ly     
important4 ,)\t t comm& ( heat :i*      
combu/ion gives1 man c\ld n rise at be/ 
above ! savage /ate1 & 9 fact c\ld h>dly
 exi/ ^u ! e>?4 ,we smile at ! ,grecian 
my? t ,prome!us /ole fire f ! gods &    
br\ght x to m5 9 8 re$ /aff1 b fire is  
c]ta9ly wor?y ( be+ c\nt$ "o ( ,god's   
great gifts4 ,b :5ce comes ! heat (     
combu/ion8 ,is x a new & orig9al        
g5]ation ( heat1 or is x m]ely a        
transf]8 ,w "s "o expla9 ?is8  ,i don't 
?9k t ,i c tell1 said ,samuel4 ,i       
rememb] ! pr9ciples y h giv5 u ab\t !   
nature & production ( heat1 b ,i d n "k 
h[ to apply !m to combu/ion4  ,i did n  
suppose t y w\ld be able to expla9 all !
 ph5om5a ( ,nature at sight1 yet !      

production ( heat by combu/ion is n     
difficult to be und]/ood4 ,! burn+ (    
wood & coal is *iefly ! union ( oxyg5 ) 
c>bon4 ,! oxyg5 ( ! air unites ) ! c>bon
 ( ! combu/ible4 ,! attractive =ce      
betwe5 oxyg5 & c>bon is v /rong4 ,:5 !y 
unite1 ! atoms ( oxyg5 da% aga9/ ! atoms
 ( c>bon ) great viol5ce4 ,z !y da% "o  
^u ano!r _! motion is lo/1 b by ! laws (
 transmutation ( =ces t lo/ motion      
reappe>s z heat2 t is1 ! motion ( !     
atoms z !y fall ! "o aga9/ ! o!r is     
*ang$ to t vibration ( ! atoms :i* we   
call heat4 ,! atoms ( c>bon1 9 _!       
sep>ation f oxyg51 may be comp>$ to     
weights susp5d$1 ready to fall4 ,let    
once ! cord be cut1 & ! weight falls &  
da%es aga9/ ! e>?2 its motion 9 fall+ is
 lo/1 & reappe>s z heat4 ,s c>bon is    
susp5d$1 s to speak1 wait+ to unite )   
oxyg54 ,b h[ is ! weight rais$8 ,h[ is  
c>bon br\ght into ?is /ate ( susp5se1   
wait+ to da% ^u oxyg5 & develop heat8 ,t
 is n its natural /ate4  ,c>bonic acid  
is f\nd ev]y:]e m+l$ 9 small proportions

 ) ! atmosph]e4 ,?is c>bonic acid is    
no?+ else ?an c>bon & oxyg5 unit$ 9 !   
proportion ( "o atom ( c>bon to two     
atoms ( oxyg54 ,?is is ! natural /ate ( 
c>bon4 ,?is c>bonic acid is ! food (    
plants2 x is ?is :i* supports all       
vegetable gr[?4 ,! c>bonic acid is      
absorb$ by ! leaves ( plants & trees1 & 
9 ! hidd5 laboratory ( ! leaf1 by :at   
process is "o ( ! undiscov]$ secrets (  
,nature1 ! c>bon is sep>at$ f ! oxyg51 !
 oxyg5 is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! pores ( !     
leaf1 & ! c>bon is c>ri$ into !         
circulation to build up ! fabric ( !    
woody fibre4 ,t :i* ! mo/ skillful *emi/
 9 ! _w _c d1 except by indirect        
processes & at a high temp]ature1 !     
leaves are do+ directly at ! ord9>y     
temp]ature4 ,vegetable gr[? is a        
deoxidiz+ process4 ,to accompli% ?is an 
enorm\s =ce is requisite4 ,to sep>ate   
c>bon & oxyg51 a =ce is dem&$ :i* is    
able to ov]come _! p[]ful attraction4   
,h[ %all we e/imate ! /r5g? ( ?is =ce8  
,9 ord] t !y may unite1 z 9 ! explosion 

( gunp[d]1 solid rocks are torn asund]4 
,! attraction ( c>bon & oxyg5 is /rong  
en\gh to te> great rocks 9 twa94 ,x is  
?is attraction :i* s5ds ! cannon ball & 
! %ell l meteors ( dea? ^u _! err&s (   
de/ruction4 ,?is great =ce mu/ be       
ov]come2 c>bon mu/ be sep>at$ f oxyg5 & 
built into trees4 ,?is is ! lift+ up ( !
 weight4 ,b :5ce comes ! =ce necess>y to
 accompli% ?is8 ,f ! sunbeam4 ,! heat ( 
! summ]'s sun1 employ$ z =ce1 is us$ to 
deoxidize c>bonic acid4 ,heat is us$1 & 
us$ up1 9 lift+ ! weight :i* 9 its fall 
%all g5]ate aga9 a l am\nt ( heat4 ,!   
combu/ion ( wood produces ! same am\nt (
 heat z 0 ne$ful to sep>ate its c>bon f 
! c>bonic acid ( ! air4 ,vegetable gr[? 
is ?us a cool+ process2 heat is )drawn f
 use z heat1 & is employ$ z =ce4 ,z =ce 
x has no?+ to d ) temp]ature4 ,! summ]'s
 heat1 employ$ 9 vegetable gr[?1        
reappe>s 9 ! blaz+ billets ( ! kit*5    
fire4 ,heat is cond5s$ & solidifi$1 s to
 speak1 & plac$ "u man's control4 ,9 ?is
 solidifi$ =m heat may be laid up 9 /ore

 or transport$ at pleasure4  ,! gr&e/   
application ( ?is pr9ciple is se5 9 !   
=mation ( ! coal-b$s4 ,at "s e>ly p]iod 
9 ! unmeasur$ ages pa/1 ! temp]ature ( !
 e>? mu/ h be5 mu* high] ?an x n[ is2 ! 
air 0 fill$ ) moi/ure1 & c>bonic acid   
ab\nd$4 ,z a consequ5ce1 !re 0 an       
enorm\s vegetable gr[?4 ,?is1 z we h    
se51 is a heat-consum+ process4 ,! heat 
is )drawn f ! air & employ$ 9 deoxidiz+ 
! c>bonic acid4 ,?is va/ vegetable      
gr[?--enorm\s f]ns & conif]\s           
trees--fell1 & 0 swept by riv]s or by   
floods into valleys1 or ! b$s ( lakes1  
or ! sea2 ! s$im5t ( ! wat]s cov]$ x1 & 
!re1 %ut up f ! air & subject$ to a     
heavy pressure1 ?is vegetable mass      
und]w5t a sl[ trans=mation4 ,pet]1 h y  
ev] se5 a coal-pit8 ,i d n mean a coal  
m9e1 b t :i* *>coal-burn]s call a       
coal-pit4  ,i h se5 !m _m a "t4  ,tell  
u1 !n1 h[ wood is burn$ to coal )\t be+ 
burn$ up4  ,! wood is set on end1       
closely pack$ 9 ! %ape ( a m\nd1 & !n   
cov]$ ) e>?4 ,fire is k9dl$ 9 ! middle (

 ! pile1 & j en\gh air admitt$ ?r\gh    
air-holes at ! bottom to keep up a sl[  
burn+4 ,x burns j fa/ en\gh to heat &   
dry ! wood )\t burn+ x up4  ,! same     
process1 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 w5t on 9 !  
=mation ( ! coal-b$s1 b v mu* m sl[ly4  
,"u ! pressure ( e>? & wat] ! vegetable 
deposits lie sm\ld]+1 n = a few days1 b 
probably = ages1 till no?+ b ! c>bon    
rema9s1 & t press$ into a solid mass    
heavy z /one4 ,ve9s ( coal are f\nd     
int]sp]s$ ) lay]s ( e>? & rock1 lay]    
above lay]1 & ^! lay]s are commonly n   
level1 b m or less incl9$ & sometimes   
brok54 ,?is %[s t a deposit ( driftwood 
0 made1 !n a deposit ( s& or clay1 !n   
ano!r deposit ( vegetable mat]ial &     
ano!r lay] ( e>?4 ,at l5g?1 by int]nal  
convulsions1 ! :ole surface 0 rais$ f   
b5ea? ! wat]s1 & 9 due "t ! coal-ve9s 7 
laid op51 & ! coal br\ght out = ! use ( 
man4 ,!n ! =ce s long p5t up & held 9   
susp5se is set free2 ! /or$-up heat ( ! 
geologic ages is br\ght out = use4 ,!   
excess ( heat 9 t anci5t p]iod is h&$   

d[n to ^! lat] times4 ,h[ sublime ?is   
transf] ( heat6 ,x c>ries u back1 9     
imag9ation1 to ! 'h]oic ages1' s to     
speak1 ( ! hi/ory ( creation4 ,by o!r   
me?ods heat is treasur$ up = a day or a 
ye>3 by ?is me?od x is kept 9 /ore =    
myriads ( ages4 ,we see t ! same natural
 =ces 7 work+ 9 ^? e>ly ages z to-day1 &
 ! same b5evol5t ,creator 0 arrang+ !   
affairs ( ! _w = man's advantage4 ,!    
sunbeam :i* /ream$ ^u ! e>? long ages   
be=e man 0 creat$ is to-day smelt+ ores1
 driv+ ma*9]y1 dragg+ pond]\s tra9s (   
load$ c>s1 & pl\gh+ ! seas ) freight$   
keels4 ,?is seems l a fairy-/ory or a   
dream1 b in/ead ( t x is ! sob]e/ (     
philosophic & sci5tific tru?4  ,we ought
 also to notice ! int]nal heat ( ! e>?4 
,?is has be5 h&$ d[n f ! day ( creation1
 x w\ld seem1 till ! pres5t4 ,no new    
pr9ciple is se5 9 ! e>?'s int]nal fires1
 b a sublime illu/ration ( ! /or+ up (  
heat 9 a hot body & its sl[ radiation4  
,! orig9 ( ! int]nal heat ( ! e>? we c  
only conjecture4 ,p]haps ,god creat$ !  

v>i\s elem5ts sep>ate1 uncomb9$1 & all[$
 !m !n to comb9e accord+ to _! natural  
aff9ities4 ,?is sublime conflagration ( 
all ! elem5ts ( ! e>? w\ld g5]ate !     
highe/ temp]ature :i* c\ld be produc$ by
 combu/ion4 ,! elem5ts w\ld melt ) f]v5t
 heat2 ev]y?+ :i* c\ld be vaporiz$ by   
heat w\ld be turn$ to vapor4 ,!n        
radiation ( heat w\ld beg94 ,vapors w\ld
 s9k to fluids & fluids turn to solids2 
a h>d cru/ w\ld be =m$ on ! surface ( ! 
globe ?r\gh :i* ! heat ( ! /ill molt5   
mass )9 w\ld be sl[ly conduct$ & escape4
 ,^u ?is int]nal heat ! e>? dep5ds 9 no 
small degree = its temp]ature4 ,! heat  
g5]at$ p]haps ^u ! day ( creation helps 
n[ to r5d] ! e>? habitable4  ,t ! e>? 0 
once 9 a fluid /ate & has lo/ a portion 
( its heat by radiation is indicat$ by  
sev]al facts4 ,x is "o ( ! receiv$      
beliefs among geologi/s t at "s p]iod 9 
! pa/ ! temp]ature ( ! e>? 0 mu* high]  
?an x n[ is4 ,! animals & plants :i*    
fl\ri%$ dur+ ! ages :5 ! coal-fields 7  
deposit$ %[ t sea & l& 7 w>m] ?an at    

pres5t4 ,x is believ$ t ! *ange (       
temp]ature has tak5 place on acc\nt ( ! 
cool+ ( ! e>? f radiation4 ,! rate (    
radiation is s sl[1 h[ev]1 t no f>!r    
s5sible *ange ( temp]ature c take place 
= ?\s&s ( g5]ations4  ,! =m ( ! e>? also
 indicates t x 0 once fluid4 ,! e>? is  
an oblate sph]oid1 a flatt5$ sph]e1 &   
has t degree ( flatness :i* a fluid mass
 w\ld assume if revolv+ at its pres5t   
rate4 ,! e>? swells at ! equator & rises
 ?irte5 or f\rte5 miles above ! sea     
level at ! poles4 ,! wat]s ( ! ocean    
move freely & take ! same =m z if ! :ole
 globe 7 fluid1 & ! solid p>ts ( ! e>? h
 ! same degree ( convexity1 :i* %[s t x 
took its =m f its own rotation ^u its   
axis :ile 9 a fluid /ate4 ,?is w\ld also
 %[ t 9 ! primal ages1 :5 ! e>? 0 9 a   
pla/ic or fluid /ate1 x _h ! same rate (
 rotation z at pres5t4  ,! lift+ up ( ! 
m\nta9 ranges also is be/ expla9$ by    
suppos+ t ! e>? 0 once molt54 ,! e>?    
cool$1 a cru/ 0 =m$1 & by f>!r cool+ &  
contraction ( ! molt5 mass )9 ! cru/    

wr9kl$ & =m$ m\nta9 *a9s4 ,?us ! high]  
temp]ature ( ! geologic ages1 ! =m ( !  
e>? z if x 7 a revolv+ fluid mass1 & !  
corrugation ( its surface--^!1 jo9$ )   
its pres5t int]nal heat1 po9t to ! fact 
t x 0 once molt5 & fluid to its surface4
 ,! b5efits ( ?is heat laid up 9 /ore on
 ! day ( creation we /ill enjoy4  ,be=e 
! class is dismiss$1 said ,mr4 ,hume1 ,i
 %\ld l to say a few words4  ,i h no?+  
f>!r to say to-day1 answ]$ ,mr4 ,wilton1
 & we %\ld be glad to he> y n[4 ,say on4
  ,i wi% only to say t ^! lessons h l$  
me to su* ?\ghts ( ,god's wisdom &      
goodness z ,i nev] _h be=e4 ,( c\rse x  
is n /range t ?is %\ld be ! case ) me4  
,i n[ look at ev]y?+ ) new eyes4 ,x is n
 m]ely ?is "o elem5t ( heat 9 ,nature t 
moves my admiration1 b ,i h be5 l$ to   
consid] a ?\s& ?+s 9 :i* ! goodness (   
,god is %[n4 ,my ?\ghts ( ! div9e       
goodness are z fre% & int]e/+ to me z my
 impressions ( 8 righte\sness & hol9ess 
are />tl+4 ,= ye>s ,i h tri$ ) might &  
ma9 to look ^u ! d>k side ( ! _w & to   

exagg]ate its physical evils4 ,i h se>*$
 = disord] & want ( adaptation4 ,z long 
z ,i misund]/ood ! purpose ( ! creation1
 ,i ?\ght ,i 0 successful 9 impugn+ !   
wisdom ( ! arrangem5ts ( ?is physical   
_w4 ,:ile ,i suppos$ t ! e>? mu/ ne$s be
 ! ,creator's ma/]piece 9 beauty &      
pleasantness & all mann] ( p]fections1  
design$ j to give s5sual pleasure to its
 inhabitants1 ,i c\ld f9d1 or ?\ght ,i  
f\nd1 _m faults 9 ! ,creator's "w4 ,n[  
,i )draw all my =m] *>ges4 ,my eyes are 
op5$4 ,! r\gh] elem5ts ( man's life w   
h5ce=? h a new mean+ to me4 ,i see t    
,god seeks n s mu* pres5t pleasure = m5 
z _! hol9ess4 ,he lays a solid f\ndation
 = _! happ9ess4 ,he seeks to r5d] m5    
bless$ by br++ !m into lik5ess & union )
 himself4 ,^! are new views to me1 & ,i 
?ank my heav5ly ,fa!r t ?is new light   
has dawn$ ^u me4 ,i feel n[ t ,i c be> !
 ills ( ?is life *e]fully1 und]/&+ t !  
,"l is us+ !m z a means ( spiritual     
discipl9e4 ,x seems to me z if ?is l[]  
_w & man's l[ly life 7 already glorifi$ 

by a beam ( light fall+ f heav54 ,i hope
 t my "y fri5ds h be5 z mu* pr(it$ z ,i 
h be54  ,i rejoice ) y1 ,mr4 ,hume4 ',we
 "k t all ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m t  
love ,god4' ,?is light has %one ^u me = 
_m ye>s4     ,,*apt] ,,xv4  ,,economy   
,,( ,,heat4   ,9 ?is f9al lesson ,i wi%1
 said ,mr4 ,wilton1 to br+ be=e y "s    
g5]al views ( ! :ole subject ( ! ag5cy &
 managem5t ( heat4  ,:5 ,jesus _h f$ !  
five ?\s& m5 ^u ! m\nta9 side by ! ,sea 
( ,galilee1 he said to 8 disciples1     
',ga!r up ! fragm5ts t rema91 t no?+ be 
lo/4' ,! ,*ri/ :o spoke ^! words 0 !    
same ,*ri/ by :om 'all ?+s 7 creat$ t   
are 9 heav5 & t are 9 ! e>?1 visible &  
invisible4' ,^! words inculcate !       
propriety ( sav+1 ! v opposite (        
extravagance & wa/efulness4 ,! same     
prud5t economy we f9d 9 all ,god's      
works4 ,no?+ is wa/$4 ,god provides     
b\ntifully2 he is n /9t$ 9 8 works2 we  
f9d no?+ n>r[ or mean2 8 res\rces are   
ample = all 8 und]tak+s4 ,p]haps a      
c>eless obs]v] might *>ge him )         

prodigality & wa/efulness4 ,! wild]ness 
rejoices 9 beauty & f]tility ^u :i* no  
human eye gazes1 & :i* supplies no human
 want4      ',full _m a gem ( pure/ ray 
s]5e       ,! d>k unfa?om$ caves ( ocean
 be>2     ,full _m a fl[] is born to    
blu% unse51       ,& wa/e its sweetness 
on ! des]t air4'  ,ri* fruit gr[s ruddy 
& gold5 9 ! autumnal sun only to fall & 
decay4 ,h[ small a "p ( ! se$s :i* might
 g]m9ate & reproduce ! p>5t plant ev]   
fulfill ?is _! legitimate object6 ,b ?is
 is n wa/e4 ,z = ! beauty ) :i* !       
unpeopl$ wa/es are smil+1 we "k n :at   
o!r be+s besides man 'gr[ glad at !     
sight4' ,fruits & gra9s & se$s 7 appo9t$
 z mu* to n\ri% ! animal k+dom z to     
reproduce plants & trees4 ,& t :i*      
decays is n wa/$4 ,! oak lifts high its 
leafy arms & does battle ) ! tempe/s = a
 c5tury1 & !n hav+ s]v$ its purpose 9   
,nature1 if man does n call x to ! high]
 mission ( s]v+ 8 purposes1 ,nature     
beg9s to pull d[n ! /ructure %e has re>$
 & rebuild ! elem5ts 9 o!r =ms--su* =ms 

z man p]*ance may ne$4 ,! fruit t falls 
& decays is n wa/$2 x %all blu% ) gold5 
t9ts 9 o!r =ms & 9 o!r ye>s4 ,god pulls 
d[n ! old t he may build ! new4 ,! same 
elem5ts appe> & reappe> 9 a ?\s& %apes4 
,!re is endless *ange1 b no wa/e4 ,?is  
s5tim5t1 ',ga!r up ! fragm5ts1 t no?+ be
 lo/1' :i* is proclaim$ ?r\gh\t all     
,nature1 is utt]$ mo/ emphatically 9 !  
managem5t ( heat4 ,god has provid$ mo/  
b\ntiful /ores ( heat1 b has left no    
heat to g to wa/e4 ,w y1 ,mr4 ,hume1    
sugge/ "o ( ! g5]al arrangem5ts = !     
economical use ( heat8  ,i ?9k t !      
arrangem5t = economiz+ heat :i* ought to
 be m5tion$ fir/ is ! conf9em5t ( heat  
to ! locality :]e x is ne$$4  ,w y      
expla9 t a little f>!r1 ,mr4 ,hume8     
,all liv+ creatures are conf9$ ne> !    
surface ( ! e>?4 ,!y p5etrate only a few
 feet into ! e>? & so> a few hundr$ feet
 above x4 ,heat is !re=e conf9$ to !    
region ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,x p5etrates b
 a little way bel[ ! surface1 & :5 w>m  
air rises into ! high] regions1 heat    

becomes lat5t4 ,! high] p>ts ( !        
atmosph]e are cold1 & 9 ! empty spaces (
 ! heav5s ! temp]ature is we "k n h[ l[4
 ,god has provid$ = heat+ only t "p ( ! 
_w :i* ne$s to be heat$4 ,i ?9k y spoke 
( ?is 9 "s "o ( ! e>li] lessons4        
,p]haps ,i did4 ,b ,i ref] to x aga9 to 
call especial att5tion to ! idea ( !    
economical use ( heat4 ,:o w m5tion     
ano!r me?od by :i* heat is economiz$8   
,no "o answ]$4  ,i ask$ ! "q1 b did n   
expect an answ]4 ,god %[s economy 9 !   
use ( heat by accompli%+ _m diff]5t     
results by its ag5cy4 ,i d n mean t !   
same id5tical heat accompli%es diff]5t  
results at ! same "t4 ,! same =ce _c    
accompli% two works4 ,z man _c sp5d 8   
money & at ! same "t keep x1 no m c heat
 be us$ & n us$ up 9 t =m4 ,! heat :i*  
raises ! temp]ature c d no?+ else at !  
same "t1 & :5 x is employ$ z =ce x      
ceases to affect temp]ature4 ,b by ?is  
"o ag5cy ( heat ! ,creator br+s v v>i\s 
works to pass4 ,heat exp&s bodies1      
relaxes cohesive attraction1 & br+s !   

*emical aff9ities into activity4 ,by ?is
 means ! elem5ts ( ,nature are subdu$ to
 human uses1 se$s g]m9ate1 all !        
processes ( vegetable life g on1 &      
dige/ion & nutrition are c>ri$ =w>d 9 ! 
bodies ( animals4 ,by ! ag5cy ( heat !  
w9ds bl[1 ! deep wat]s ( ! ocean        
circulate1 cl\ds are =m$1 dew & ra9     
refre% ! e>?1 riv]s fl[1 & all !        
activities ( life fill ! _w4 ,!         
employm5t ( "o ag5cy = ! accompli%m5t ( 
s _m works indicates economy 9 !        
exp5diture ( =ce & means4 ,moreov]1 !   
same heat appe>s & reappe>s aga9 & aga91
 pass+ f ! s5sible to ! lat5t =m & back 
aga91 ass]t+ itself alt]nately 9 rais+ !
 temp]ature & z active =ce4 ,a beam (   
heat falls ^u our _w3 x is p>tly absorb$
 by ! e>?1 & w>ms x4 ,a "p ( t w>m? is  
us$ 9 sett+ ! *emical aff9ities 9 action
 9 ! spr\t+ ( se$s2 a "p w>ms ! air by  
conduction2 a "p is radiat$1 & be+ /opp$
 by ! vapor 9 ! air1 w>ms x2 ! heat ( ! 
air is p>tly us$ 9 ! evaporation ( wat]3
 ! vapor =m$ is cond5s$ & wat]s ! e>?1 &

 gives out ! heat by :i* x 0 =m$2 t     
raises ! temp]ature ( ! air2 a "p ( x is
 us$ 9 deoxidiz+ c>bonic acid & build+  
up ! =e/s2 ! =e/ tree falls by !        
woodman's axe1 is burn$ = fuel1 & gives 
out its heat aga91 or if x falls &      
decays1 ! result is ! same2 ! heat giv5 
out by combu/ion cooks ! labor]'s d9n] &
 w>ms 8 room1 or x goes out aga91 & is  
us$ 9 prep>+ food = ! gr[+ :eat2 t :eat 
is us$ = food1 & by sl[ combu/ion 9 !   
blood ! heat is aga9 evolv$1 ! body is  
w>m$1 & ! *emical op]ations ( dige/ion &
 nutrition are ma9ta9$2 ! heat is       
radiat$ or conduct$ f ! body into !     
atmosph]e1 & aga9 raises ! temp]ature & 
goes to d o!r "w4 ,at la/1 s f> z our   
e>? is conc]n$1 x escapes into ! /ell>  
spaces1 & goes to bless o!r worlds4 ,9  
all ^! op]ations no heat-=ce is fritt]$ 
away & wa/$ & lo/4 ,?is is "o ( !       
accept$ doctr9es ( physical sci5ce4     
,heat is us$ b\ntifully1 b economically 
& )\t wa/e4  ,ev5 ! inequalities &      
v>iations ( temp]ature mu/ be c\nt$     

economy 9 ! use ( heat4 ,! heat ( midday
 is n ne$$ at all h\rs1 & !re=e x is n  
always provid$2 ! heat ( summ] is n     
always useful1 & is !re=e n giv52 a     
high] temp]ature = a "p ( ! ye> & a "p (
 ! day is necess>y1 & is be/[$4 ,!      
smalle/ am\nt ( heat is s dispos$ z to  
accompli% ! l>ge/ result4 ,keep 9 m9d1  
!n1 ! economical aspect ( ,god's        
managem5t ( heat4  ,i w\ld also h y     
rememb] h[ few are ! pr9ciples involv$ 9
 all ! ways & means = transport+ heat & 
equaliz+ temp]ature4 ,all ! v>i\s       
ph5om5a :i* we h exam9$ c be br\ght "u  
two g5]al pr9ciples4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple or
 me?od is ! heat+ & cool+ ( bodies4     
,bodies absorb heat2 !y "p ) _! heat by 
conduction or radiation4 ,if !y are     
heat$ & cool$ )\t *ange ( place1 heat is
 transport$ 9 "t1 b n 9 place4 ,if !    
body be remov$ f "o place to ano!r      
betwe5 ! heat+ & ! cool+ or betwe5 !    
cool+ & ! heat+1 heat is transport$ 9   
bo? "t & space4 ,?is applies alike to   
solids1 liquids1 & gases2 ea* "o is a   

c>ri] ( heat 9 proportion to its        
specific heat4  ,! second pr9ciple or   
me?od is ! transportation ( heat by !   
*ange ( s5sible to lat5t heat & its     
re/oration to a s5sible /ate4 ,"u ?is   
pr9ciple !re are f\r cases3  #a4 ,heat  
is employ$ 9 ! evaporation ( liquids1 & 
is re/or$ aga9 to use z affect+         
temp]ature by ! cond5sation ( ! vapor4  
#b4 ,heat is employ$ 9 liquify+ solids1 
& becomes lat5t !reby1 & returns to !   
s5sible /ate :5 ! liquid solidifies4 ,^!
 two pr9ciples f9d _! gr&e/ application 
9 ! *anges ( wat]3 ( ?is application ,i 
h *iefly spok52 b !y apply also to o!r  
bodies--to metals z well z to liquids4  
#c4 ,heat is r5d]$ lat5t 9 ! expansion (
 gases f removal ( pressure1 & lat5t    
heat becomes s5sible by ! compression ( 
gases4  #d4 ,heat is employ$ 9 !        
deoxidation ( c>bonic acid or o!r       
comb9ations ( oxyg51 & is evolv$ 9      
combu/ion4 ,:ile 9 ! lat5t condition1   
heat may be kept )\t loss = an unlimit$ 
p]iod ( "t or transport$ f equator to   

pole4 ,by ! v>i\s applications ( ^! two 
g5]al pr9ciples1 all ! diff]5t me?ods ( 
equaliz+ temp]ature are det]m9$4  ,i    
w\ld h y rememb] also t ^! processes =  
transport+ heat & modify+ temp]ature are
 n conf9$ to ! regul> *anges ( days &   
seasons & ! p]man5t diff]5ces ( zones1 b
 apply to e possible diff]5ce (         
temp]ature4 ,"o m9ute ! sun %9es out 9  
full spl5dor2 ! next1 a cl\d hides 8    
face & cuts (f 8 f]v5t beams2 ! me?ods  
employ$ to s(t5 ! heat ( ! "o m9ute & ! 
*ill ( ! next are ! same :i* equalize ! 
temp]ature ( ! seasons4 ,evaporation    
c>ries (f ! heat f ! see?+ tropics1     
evaporation c>ries (f ! excess ( heat f 
! bodies ( animals & m54 ,! same me?ods 
are equally effici5t ^u ! gr&e/ & ^u !  
smalle/ scale4  ,9 ?is connection let me
 give "o or two illu/rations ( !        
delicacy ) :i* g5]al pr9ciples adapt    
!mselves to ! m9ute/ circum/ances4 ,:5 !
 e>? is wet1 x is fitt+ t evaporation   
%\ld g on rapidly & remove ! excess (   
wat]1 b :5 ! gr\nd is dri]1 x is fitt+ t

 evaporation %\ld be *eck$ & ! rema9+   
moi/ure sp>$4 ,?is result is secur$ n   
m]ely by ! lack ( moi/ure at ! surface1 
b also by ! decreas$ capacity ( ! e>? = 
absorb+ heat4 ,a d>k color absorbs heat 
m readily ?an a light] color1 & ! e>?   
becomes1 z a g5]al rule1 d>k] :5 wet2 & 
light] :5 dry4 ,moi/ e>?1 !re=e1        
receives heat m readily ?an dry e>?1 & !
 excessive moi/ure is ! m rapidly c>ri$ 
(f by evaporation4  ,ano!r m int]e/+    
illu/ration is pres5t$ by ! odor (      
fl[]s4 ,9 its place ,i told y t wat]y   
vapor h9d]s ! radiation ( heat f ! e>?4 
,d>k heat is absorb$ by x4 ,! same is   
true ( o!r gases1 & also ( ! odors (    
fragrant sub/ances4 ,a b$ ( fl[]s fills 
! air ar\nd ) odors4 ,by ^! odors mu* ( 
! heat radiat$ by ! e>? is /opp$4 ,by   
?is means ! air ar\nd ! bloom+ fl[]s is 
w>m$4 ,! invisible fragrance raises !   
temp]ature & secures = ! bloom+ plants a
 m g5ial atmosph]e4 ,! ,"l provides = ! 
fl[]s :5 mo/ ( all !y ne$ to be *]i%$ by
 a cong5ial w>m?4  ,?is completes :at ,i

 h to say to y ^u ! subject ( heat4 ,i  
might h gone f> m into p>ticul>s1 &     
ext5d$ ^! lessons ov] six mon?s in/ead (
 ?ree4 ,we />t$ ) ! design ( f9d+ out   
:e!r ! works ( ,nature h any?+ to say   
ab\t a wise & good ,creator4 ,we c\ld n 
exam9e ! :ole circle ( ,god's works1 &  
!re=e *ose a s+le dep>tm5t--t ( heat4 ,i
 w leave y\rselves to decide :e!r we h  
f\nd m>ks ( div9e wisdom & goodness1    
:e!r ,nature has _h any?+ to say to u   
ab\t a ,creator4  ,x seems to me1 said  
,samuel1 t if ! works ( ,nature d n %[  
,god's goodness & wisdom1 x w\ld be h>d 
to tell :at works w\ld %[ !m4 ,i ?9k ,i 
%all always1 aft] ?is1 look ^u ! e>? &  
sky ) m int]e/ ?an ,i h ev] felt 9 !m   
be=e2 ,i %all always look ^u !m z hav+  
some?+ to d ) ,god4  ,we c]ta9ly ought1 
said ,mr4 ,wilton1 to /udy ,nature 9 su*
 a mann] & ) su* a _s t we %all be l$ to
 rev]5ce & wor%ip ! ,creator4 ,"s v good
 m5 are afraid ( sci5tific /udy1 z if   
!re 7 some?+ 9 x to draw m5 f belief 9 !
 ,scriptures & ! ,jehovah reveal$ 9 !m2 

& x _c be d5i$ t n a few unbeliev]s h   
tri$ to f9d a f\ndation & a def5ce = _! 
infidelity 9 sci5tific /udies2 b su* m5 
are n made skeptics by e>ne/ & rev]5t   
/udy ( ,god's works3 !y 7 unbeliev]s    
be=e & aside f physical /udies1 & !y    
only try to glorify _! rejection ( !    
,bible & ,*ri/ by deify+ sci5ce & !     
creation & hold+ !m up 9 opposition to  
inspir$ revelations4 ,if ev] y f9d !    
works ( ,god sep>at+ y f ,god1 y may "k 
at once t y misund]/& ^? works or come  
to !m ) a wrong _s4 ',! undev\t         
a/ronom]1' x has be5 said1 'is mad1' & !
 same might1 ) good reason1 be said ( e 
undev\t /ud5t ( physical sci5ce4  ,9    
select+ heat = our exam9ation1 ,i did n 
take ! only ri* dep>tm5t ( ,nature's    
works4 ,! practical *emi/ w\ld f9d a    
ri*] & broad] field ( rese>*1 & s w\ld !
 anatomi/ & animal physiologi/1 !       
geologi/1 or ! physical geograph]4 ,i   
purposely *ose a comp>atively n>r[      
field1 9 ord] t our c\rse ( /udy might n
 become we>isome by its l5g?4 ,y w f9d  

ample scope 9 ! fields ( natural sci5ce 
= y\r l>ge/ p[]s1 & en\gh to c>ry y\r   
?\ghts rev]5tly to ! great ,creator &   
,gov]nor4  ,9 "o respect ! /udy (       
,nature resembles ! /udy ( ! ,sacr$     
,scriptures4 ,x is a revelation2 x is an
 embodim5t ( ,god's ?\ghts2 9 x ,god has
 express$ himself2 & ,nature1 by mo/    
sugge/ive symbols & types1 tea*es mu* m 
moral tru? & spiritual s5tim5t ?an "s m5
 ?9k4 ,9 ! brute creation x gives u1 9  
pantomime1 all ! virtues & graces & all 
repulsive vices & cruel passions4 ,to   
?is book ( ,nature we ought to come )\t 
prejudice1 rev]5tly inquir+ :at is      
writt5 !re94 ,we mu/ /udy x ?or\ghly &  
int]pret x z we int]pret ! writt5 ^w1   
comp>+ ,scripture ) ,scripture4 ,x is a 
great atta9m5t to be able to read &     
und]/& ! ?\ghts ( ,god embodi$ 9 8      
works4  ,9 ano!r respect1 ! book (      
,nature & ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures h v      
little 9 common4 ,! ,bible is occupi$   
pre-em95tly ) moral duties & spiritual  
relation%ip4 ,its great !mes are s9 &   

salvation4 ,*ri/ is ! great c5tral tru?4
 ,"o might comp>e ! ,scriptures to a    
picture 9 :i* "o c5tral figure seizes e 
eye1 & by ^: radiance ! :ole picture is 
fill$ ) light1 & t c5tral figure is     
,*ri/2 or we might comp>e ! ,bible to a 
sublime oratorio1 ! glori\s symphony ( !
 ages2 ?r\gh x all is he>d "o /ra91     
sweetly exultant z angel voices1 fa9tly 
he>d at fir/ amid ! sadness ( ! fall1 b 
ris+ /ill above ! t]rific bass ( ,s9ai &
 its ev]-repeat+ e*oes1 gr[+ m cle> &   
/rong ^u ! h>ps ( ! prophets1 till its  
raptur\s beauty p\rs itself triumphant  
along ! pla9s ( ,be?lehem4 ,9 ?is       
revelation ( salvation f ! guilt & ru9 (
 s9 ! ,bible /&s alone4 ,^u ?is subject 
,nature is sil5t4 ,salvation by ,*ri/ is
 ! gem en%r9$ 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,b :at is
 ! sett+ = ?is gem8 ,! works ( ,god on !
 e>? & 9 ! heav5s4 ,! prophets 7 m5 9   
sympa?y ) ,nature4 ,h[ ,david sung !    
praises ( ! div9e h&iwork6--',o ,"l1 h[ 
manifold are ?y works2 9 wisdom ha/ ?\  
made !m all4' ',! heav5s decl>e ! glory 

( ,god & ! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&iwork4 ,day
 unto day utt]e? spee*1 & night unto    
night %[e? k4 ,!re is no spee* nor      
language :]e _! voice is n he>d4' ,h[   
,*ri/ unfold$ ! deepe/ spiritual tru?s  
by ! symbols ( ,nature6 ,b if ! casket  
be s wor?y1 :at %all be said ( ! gem :i*
 is en%r9$ )98 ,t is ! pe>l ( great     
price4 ,to t book :i* speaks 9 no       
d\btful voice ( deliv]ance f s9 let u   
turn ) increas+ rev]5ce2 & above all1   
let u come to him :o came to reveal our 
,god1 :o came to be z well z to make a  
revelation ( ,god1 be+ himself '!       
brightness ( 8 glory & ! express image (
 8 p]son4' ,i am glad t y all n[ feel t 
y "k him :om to "k is ev]la/+ life4  ,f 
^! words ( ,mr4 ,wilton y w conclude t  
,ansel has at l5g? f\nd re/ 9 ,*ri/4 ,9 
ano!r brief *apt] ,i w tell y ( 8       
exp]i5ce1 & !n bid y adieu4     ,,*apt] 
,,xvi4  ,a ,,day ,,( ,,joy ,,&          
,,gladness4   ,! read] has already le>n$
 t aft] ,ansel _h confess$ himself an   
anxi\s inquir] & pr(ess$ himself will+  

to obey ,*ri/1 he rema9$ ?ree or f\r    
weeks /ill 9 d>kness4 ,o!rs f\nd peace 9
 believ+1 b he felt no joyful confid5ce 
t ,*ri/ _h receiv$ him & =giv5 8 s9s4   
,he sometimes felt almo/ disc\rag$1 &   
sometimes 0 tempt$ to compla9 ( ,god = n
 treat+ him z favorably z o!rs1 or to   
feel *agr9$ because o!rs 7 rejoic+1 :ile
 he f\nd no light4 ,b he f\ght aga9/ ^! 
evil ?\ghts & ins9uations ( ,satan1 &   
did n flag 9 8 private devotions or     
cease to confess himself1 always &      
ev]y:]e1 an anxi\s inquir]1 /ill 9      
d>kness1 b desir+ to f9d ! grace ( ,god4
 ,if ev] he 0 tempt$ to pu% away all    
conc]n ab\t salvation & return by =ce to
 8 =m] c>eless /ate1 ! words ( ,*ri/    
w\ld come to 8 m9d3 ,w ye also g away8 &
 ,pet]'s answ]1 ,"l1 to :om %all we g8 =
 ?\ ha/ ! words ( et]nal life4 ,!       
alt]native1 salvation by ,*ri/ or ! loss
 ( 8 s\l1 />$ him 9 ! face4      ,i c b 
p]i% if ,i g2       ,i am resolv$ to    
try2     ,= if ,i /ay away1 ,i "k1      
,i mu/ = ev] die4  ,great int]e/ 0 felt 

= him & mu* pray] 0 (f]$ 9 8 behalf1 b  
he seem$ to make no progress t[>d a     
bett] /ate4 ,mr4 ,wilton _h talk$ ) him1
 b _h fail$ to discov] :at x 0 t h9d]$ 8
 humble acceptance ( ! grace ( ,*ri/4   
,aft] long & anxi\s mus+ ^u ,ansel's "* 
& surr\nd+s & ! previ\s conv]sations :i*
 he _h _h ) him1 ,mr4 ,wilton det]m9$ to
 probe him m fully4 ,= ?is reason he    
invit$ ,ansel to 8 /udy1 :]e ! foll[+   
conv]sation transpir$3  ,good-morn+1 my 
"y fri5d2 h[ d y f9d y\rself to-day8  ,i
 am feel+1 ,i ?9k1 v mu* z :5 ,i 0 "h a 
week ago4  ,are y becom+ disc\rag$ &    
almo/ ready to give up all ef=t to foll[
 ,*ri/8  ,i d sometimes feel v mu*      
disc\rag$1 b ,i am n ready to give up my
 int]e/ 9 religion4  ,h y no m enjoym5t 
9 read+ ! ,scriptures & 9 y\r pray] 9   
secret ?an y _h a week ago8  ,i ?9k t ,i
 am try+ to d "r 9 do+ ^! ?+s1 & ,i     
enjoy !m bett] ?an ,i %\ld if ,i felt t 
,i 0 do+ some?+ wrong1 b ,i d n feel z  
,i ?9k a ,*ri/ian ought to feel4  ,are  
y\r ?\ghts & feel+s & op9ions ab\t ,*ri/

 & salvation ! same z !y 7 six weeks    
ago8  ,i ?9k !y are v diff]5t4  ,i am   
glad to he> t2 b c y tell h[ !y are     
diff]5t8  ,at t "t ,i felt t ,i 0 a     
s9n]1 b 0 fight+ aga9/ t feel+4 ,i wi%$ 
t ,*ri/ w\ld let me alone1 & t ! ,holy  
,_s w\ld n tr\ble me4 ,b n[ ,i v mu* wi%
 t ,i may feel my s9s1 & t ,*ri/ may    
come to me & save me4 ,i wi% to foll[ ! 
,_s4  ,did y expect a mon? ago t at ?is 
"t y w\ld be feel+ & act+ z y n[ feel & 
act8  ,no1 sir2 ,i meant !n to fight x  
?r\gh1 & n let anybody "k h[ ,i felt4   
,d y wi% n[ t y _h f\ght x ?r\gh1 z y   
propos$1 & kept all y\r feel+s to       
y\rself8  ,i am v ?ankful t ,i did n    
keep on hid+ my feel+s4 ,i almo/ tremble
 to ?9k :at ! result w\ld h be54  ,y h  
said t y wi% to sp5d y\r life 9 s]v+    
,*ri/4 ,does x seem to y a h>d & pa9ful 
"w--a "w t y w\ld get rid ( if y        
c\ld--or does work+ = ,*ri/ & confess+  
,*ri/ be=e m5 seem attractive8  ,i ?9k 8
 s]vice seems pleasant2 !re is no o!r   
life t seems half z pleasant4  ,d y     

believe t ,*ri/ is able to save y8  ,i  
suppose he is4 ,if he _c save me1 !re is
 no hope = me1 = ,i _c save myself4  ,d 
y believe t he is will+ to save y8  ,i  
?9k he is1 if ,i come to him & tru/ 9   
him4 ,i suppose he is will+ to save all 
:o come to him4  ,are y unwill+ to come 
to him--to tru/ him & submit to him8  ,i
 don't "k2 ,i h tri$ to come to ,*ri/1 b
 ,i h met ) no su* *ange z ,i h always  
suppos$ t a ,*ri/ian ought to h4  ,:at d
 y ?9k x is t h9d]s y\r com+ into light 
& joy z o!rs h done8  ,i _c tell4 ,i    
suppose x mu/ be some?+ or o!r 9 myself1
 b ,i _c guess :at x is4  ,i w\ld l to  
ask y a few que/ions :i* y may ?9k r    
close & p]sonal1 & :i* y may f9d x h>d  
to answ] frankly4 ,y "k ! spiritual     
advis]1 z well z ! physician1 mu/ fir/ (
 all f9d out ! condition ( ! pati5t4  ,i
 am will+ to h y ask any que/ions y     
please1 & ,i w try to answ] !m z well z 
,i c4  ,did y ev] ?9k1 ,ansel1 t y 7 v  
ambiti\s8  ,i knew t1 l _m o!rs1 ,i 0 a 
little ambiti\s1 b ,i nev] ?\ght t ,i 0 

v mu* s4  ,p]haps y 7 m ambiti\s ?an y  
?\ght4 ,y "k t y w\ld "w day & night r  
?an n /& at ! head ( e class y 7 94 ,on 
! play-gr\nd y ass]t$ y\r position z    
lead] 9 e game4 ,did y n c>ry ! same    
idea ( be+ *ief into y\r plans &        
expectations = ! future8 ,y 7 ambiti\s (
 /&+ ! v fir/ :atev] c\rse ( life y     
might foll[4 ,0 n ?is s8  ,i don't "k3  
,i c't d5y x2 ,i ?9k x 04  ,x is        
possible1 ,ansel1 t y are try+ to c>ry !
 same ambition into ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4    
,p]haps y h wi%$ 9 conv]sion "s         
brilliant exp]i5ce :i* w\ld draw        
att5tion to y4 ,tell me h[ ?is is4 ,w\ld
 y be satisfi$ to h a commonplace       
exp]i5ce1 su* z ?\s&s ( o!rs h1 :i* w\ld
 attract no special notice8 ,h y n =m$  
an idea ( ! great & brilliant *ange y   
mu/ pass ?r\gh1 & are y n refus+ to take
 any?+ else f ! ,"l's h&s8  ,te>s ga!r$ 
9 ,ansel's eyes1 & 8 face work$         
pa9fully4 ,at l5g? he answ]$3 ,y\r "q is
 a h>d "o to answ]1 b ,i _c d5y x2 ,i am
 afraid x is s4 ,i h he>d p]sons tell ( 

! great load ( s9 l a pack on _! %\ld]s1
 & ( ! e>? seem+ z if x w\ld op5 &      
swall[ !m up1 ( sleepless nights &      
unspeakable angui%1 & !n ( light & joy1 
s t !y c\ld nev] d\bt t !y 7 conv]t$4 ,i
 h be5 expect+ t ,i 0 to h su* an       
exp]i5ce1 b ,i h n se5 x4 ,is x wrong to
 wi% = su* an exp]i5ce8  ,x is c]ta9ly  
wrong to insi/ ^u su* an exp]i5ce4 ,god 
leads ea* "o to himself 9 8 own *os5    
way4 ,!re 0 b "o ,saul1 :om ,*ri/ met & 
bl9d$ ) ! dazzl+ light4 ,z a g5]al rule1
 :5 a s9n] makes up 8 m9d 9 :at way he w
 be conv]t$1 ! ,"l w disappo9t him4 ,if 
he fixes 9 8 m9d t he w n come to an    
anxi\s-seat1 or w n confess 8 feel+s    
till he c say t 8 s9s are p>don$1 or w n
 d any?+ else1 ! ,"l w v likely br+ him 
to d ! v ?+ he resolv$ t he w\ld n d4   
,if he attempts to br+ 8 ambiti\s       
aspirations into ,*ri/'s k+dom1 he w be 
disappo9t$4 ',! fir/ %all be la/ & ! la/
 fir/4' ,m5 become great 9 ,*ri/ian     
s]vice by c\nt+ !mselves ! lea/ ( all1 &
 humbl+ !mselves to become ! s]vants (  

all4 ,y ne$ to exam9e y\rself 9 ?is     
matt]4 ,if y h look$ = some?+ great &   
/>tl+1 be cont5t$ ) some?+ small &      
commonplace4 ,x is an unspeakable       
privilege to be br\ght into ,*ri/'s     
k+dom 9 any mann]4 ,x is sometimes a    
great bless+ to h a v unm>k$ & pla9 /yle
 ( conv]sion4 ,su* a conv]t is compell$ 
to look to ! truly scriptural evid5ces (
 a *ange ( he>t in/ead ( re/+ ^u !      
evid5ce1 (t5 deceptive1 ( a great &     
sudd5 illum9ation or a fanci$ voice f   
heav54 ,"s ( ! greate/ & be/ ( m5 h be5 
unable to tell at all ! "t ( _!         
conv]sion4 ,ri*>d ,baxt] c\ld n tell ev5
 ! ye> ( 8 *ange4 ,! be/ exp]i5ces ,i h 
kn[n h be5 ^? :]e ! conv]ts c\ld tell v 
little ab\t !mselves2 !y _h be5 do+     
some?+ else besides look+ into !mselves 
to wat* ! motions ( _! own ?\ghts4  ,i w
 try to d z y say4 ,b :at k9d ( evid5ce 
am ,i to look =8  ,! same k9d ( evid5ce 
:i* y n[ look = 9 me or any o!r         
,*ri/ian4 ,x is n "o ?+ to come to ,*ri/
 & ano!r ?+ to foll[ ,*ri/4 ,! be/      

evid5ce t a s9n] has come to ,*ri/ is t 
he actually foll[s ,*ri/ & s]ves him4   
',by _! fruits ye %all "k !m4' ',br+ =? 
fruits meet = rep5tance1' said ,john !  
,bapti/4 ,br+ =? fruits t %[ t y\r      
?\ghts ab\t s91 & ab\t ,*ri/1 & ab\t !  
s]vice ( ,*ri/ h be5 *ang$4 ,look = !   
same k9d ( evid5ce 9 y\rself t y w\ld   
look = 9 any /rang] :om y %\ld meet4 ,b 
above all ?+s take ! words ( ,jesus z   
true & re/ on !m2 consecrate y\rself to 
,jesus ) all ! he>t2 ) l[l9ess ( m9d    
hold y\rself ready = any "w or any      
sacrifice2 y w f9d t evid5ces w take c>e
 ( !mselves4 ,:5 m5 come into sympa?y ) 
,*ri/1 :5 !y believe 8 words1 walk )    
him1 & talk ) him1 & be> ! cross ) him1 
:5 !y ent] into a p>tn]%ip ( s]vice &   
suff]+ ) ,*ri/1--! ,_s be>s witness ) _!
 spirits t !y are born ( ,god4  ,i w try
 to foll[ y\r advice1 & am v ?ankful t y
 h spok5 ab\t my ambiti\s _s4  ,ano!r   
caution ,i wi% to give y4 ,d n ?9k t y1 
by any me?ods or by *]i%+ any _s1 are to
 make y\rself fit to be sav$4 ,if y are 

sav$ at all1 ,*ri/ mu/ take y z a s9n]1 
& a great s9n]4 ,if y get rid ( y\r _s (
 pride1 x w be by ,*ri/'s sav+ y f x4   
,let me also sugge/ to y t :i* a        
consid]ation ( y\r associations sugge/$ 
to me1 t y may h /umbl$ at ! idea (     
baptism4 ,y mu/ h he>d baptism spok5 ( v
 disrespectfully1 & x is possible t y   
may h le>n$ to look ^u x z a humiliation
 & a reproa*4 ,y may h recoil$ f ! ?\ght
 ( submitt+ to x4  ,t 0 my feel+ once1 b
 s9ce ,i h be5 will+ to h my feel+s kn[n
 ,i h ceas$ to be afraid ( :at ^? :o    
despise religion may say4  ,be c>eful   
n[1 s9ce y feel t y\r sympa?ies are ) ! 
,*ri/ian b&1 t y\r love ( greatness does
 n lead y to resi/ ! ,_s4 ,be will+ to  
be small4 ,be ?ankful = small gifts4 ,i 
tru/ t y\r pres5t feel+s w be=e long    
give place to a humble tru/1 a *ildlike 
confid5ce1 & a holy boldness 9 ,*ri/1 & 
t y\r usefulness 9 ! k+dom ( ,god w be  
all ! great] because he n[ requires y 9 
! beg9n+ to trample "u foot y\r budd+   
pride & die to all human ambitions4  ,:5

 ,ansel gave up ! idea ( a wond]ful     
conv]sion1 a sudd5 illum9ation :i* %\ld 
br+ ) x some?+ ( eclat1 he f\nd t he    
c\ld und]/& ! ,scriptures bett] & h m   
enjoym5t 9 8 religi\s duties4 ,:ile he  
humbl$ himself1 hop+ = little1 he f\nd 8
 s\l soon fill$ ) a deep1 quiet joy4  ,!
 next ,saturday aft]noon 0 ! regul> "t =
 ! cov5ant-meet+1 & also1 accord+ to    
cu/om1 = he>+ ! exp]i5ces ( any :o wi%$ 
to unite ) ! *ur* by baptism4 ,ansel1   
,pet]1 & ,mr4 ,hume came1 along ) o!rs1 
to pres5t !mselves to ! *ur*4 ,9 reg>d  
to ,mr4 ,hume !re _h be5 mu* speculation
 among 8 =m] comrades z to :at c\rse he 
w\ld take4 ,"s said3 ,mr4 ,hume w nev]  
wet ! sole ( 8 foot 9 t riv]4 ,don't y  
rememb] h[ he us$ to laugh at ! idea (  
be+ plung$ 9 ! riv] 9 honor ( a dead    
man8 ,he may talk 9 meet+1 b x is a v   
diff]5t ?+ to g d[n into ! riv] ) ! :ole
 hillside cov]$ ) p4 ,o!rs said3 ,we c't
 tell :at has come ov] him1 b he w n g  
back n[4 ,he has gone too f> to retreat4
  ,"s ev5 v5tur$ to approa* ,mr4 ,hume  

himself ) _! raill]y3  ,:at d y ?9k n[ (
 be+ dipp$ 9 ! riv] 9 honor ( a dead    
man8  ,i ?9k t ,i w\ld be will+ to be   
baptiz$ a ?\s& times if ,i c\ld recall  
by t means :at ,i h spok5 aga9/ baptism4
  ,& :at1 ,mr4 ,hume1 ab\t ! ice wat]8  
,y "k & ,i "k1 he answ]$1 t we always   
respect$ ^? :o did n %r9k f cold wat] = 
,*ri/'s sake4 ,:at effem9acy1 :at m ?an 
effem9acy1 = a resolute man to hesitate 
& tremble at baptism6 ,we %\ld be a%am$ 
( su* weakness 9 any worldly matt]4 ,i h
 giv5 y occasion = all y\r raill]y1 b z 
,i once 0 a lead] 9 evil1 s ,i wi% t ,i 
might lead y to bett] ?+s4  ,ansel1     
,pet]1 & ! re/ gave an acc\nt ( _!      
religi\s exp]i5ces1 & la/ ( all ,mr4    
,hume4  ,:at leads y1 ask$ ,mr4 ,wilton1
 to pres5t y\rself to ! *ur*1 ask+ =    
baptism8  ,i ?9k t ! love ( ,*ri/ leads 
me4 ,i h done a great deal aga9/ ,*ri/1 
& n[ ,i wi%1 if possible1 to d some?+ to
 %[ my love = him4 ,i come to obey ! ^w 
& example ( ,*ri/ by be+ buri$ ) him 9  
baptism4  ,!y 7 receiv$ = baptism1 & !  

"t ( adm9i/ration fix$ at half-pa/      
twelve o'clock ! next day4  ,! ,"l's    
,day 0 cold & blu/]+4 ,_m 7 disappo9t$1 
= !y hop$ t ! day w\ld prove w>m &      
sunny4 ,b ! blu/]+ day did n prev5t !   
ga!r+ ( a great company by ! riv]side4  
,z ! congregations left ! *ur*es !y     
turn$ _! /eps t[>d ! place ( baptism4   
,ungodly m5 turn$ out1 & ^? :o nev] came
 to he> ! prea*+ ( ! gospel flock$      
toge!r to see ! gospel prea*$ by ?is    
symbolic s]vice4 ,! ^w _h gone out t    
,mr4 ,hume 0 to be baptiz$1 & ?is drew  
toge!r 8 =m] associates4 ,at ! place    
*os5 ! riv] swept ar\nd 9 a g5tle curve 
& ! bank rose up l a magnific5t         
amphi!atre2 :ile j above1 ! l& put out  
into ! wat] & ?rew ! curr5t ^u !        
opposite side4 ,"h ga!r$ almo/ ! entire 
population ( ! village to witness t     
simple & solemn s]vice :i* f ! days (   
,john ! ,bapti/ has ?rill$ s _m he>ts4  
,! c&idates came w>mly clad1 br\ght f _!
 own homes 9 a close c>riage4 ,ga!r$    
!re1 ! little b& ( ,*ri/ians1 surr\nd$  

by s great a cl\d ( witnesses1 fir/ sang
 ! hymn comm5c+3      ,?\ ha/ said1     
exalt$ ,jesus1       ,take ?y cross &   
foll[ me2     ,%all ! ^w ) t]ror seize  
u8       ,%all we f ! burd5 flee8       
,"l1 ,i'll take x1       ,& rejoic+     
foll[ !e4  ,!n ,mr4 ,wilton read ) a    
voice t rea*$ all ! company a few       
passages f ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* au?oriz$ 
& comm&$ t s]vice4 ,aft] t he pray$ t ! 
joyful pres5ce ( ,*ri/ might att5d ^?   
ab\t to foll[ him 9 baptism1 t believ]s 
might be enc\rag$1 & c>eless s9n]s      
awak5$4 ,"o by "o ! conv]ts 7 buri$ )   
,*ri/1 & "o by "o !y came up out ( !    
wat]1 =gett+ all else 9 ! joy ( ob$i5ce4
 ,!y sang ! words consecrat$ by use at s
 _m riv]sides3          ,oh h[ happy are
 !y         ,:o _! ,savi\r obey1     ,& 
h laid up _! treasure above6            
,tongue c nev] express         ,! sweet 
com=t & peace     ,( a s\l 9 its e>lie/ 
love4  ,^! words f\nd a response 9 _m   
he>ts4  ,high up ^u ! riv] bank 7 ga!r$ 
a little knot ( mock+ unbeliev]s4 ,"o   

among !m1 sev5 ye>s be=e1 _h publicly   
pr(ess$ 8 fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,= a little "t  
he seem$ to be tread+ 9 ! ,"l's ways1 b 
fall+ among evil associates1 he n only  
neglect$ ,*ri/ian duties1 b became a    
pr(ess$ unbeliev]4 ,he read infidel     
books & loan$ !m to o!rs4 ,he s\ght to  
s[ ! se$s ( unbelief :]ev] he w5t4 ,^u  
?is ,"l's ,day he /ood ) o!rs pr(anely  
mock+ at ! sacr$ s]vice4 ,) %iv]+1      
tremul\s acc5ts he exclaim$1 ,poor ,h>ry
 ,gill is v cold2 ,i w\ld n g into !    
wat] to please any ,*ri/ = five hundr$  
doll>s4 ,t "y man w5t home ) deep       
conviction ( s9 ^u him4 ,two days aft]1 
,mr4 ,wilton 0 call$ at t5 o'clock at   
night to visit him4 ,he 0 trembl+ l an  
asp5 leaf ) 8 deep angui% ( consci5ce1 &
 = two days & nights 8 body %ook "u 8   
fe>4 ,!n little by little fai? took !   
place ( fe>1 & hope smil$ ^u him4 ,he 0 
! next p]son :om ,mr4 ,wilton baptiz$4  
,look 9 ^u ! ,*ri/ian b& assembl$ t     
,"l's ,day ev5+4 ,^u ! faces ( ^? :o _h 
be5 baptiz$ !re 0 no sign t ! s]vice ( t

 day _h be5 pa9ful2 if !y _h done ! duty
 z a cross1 ! cross mu/ h be5 quickly   
foll[$ by a cr[n ( joy1 = e face 0      
radiant ) light4 ,among !m 0 "o little  
girl twelve ye>s ( age ^: face1 z %e    
rose f ! wat]1 %one l ! face ( an angel1
 & ! transfiguration ( t mom5t _h h>dly 
begun to fade away4 ,ansel 0 peacefully 
happy1 & f ! face ( ,mr4 ,hume ! old    
look ( dissatisfaction 0 all gone2 8 s\l
 _h ent]$ into re/1 & he felt at home4  
,e "o ( !m te/ifi$ t x _h be5 ! happie/ 
day ( 8 life4 ,!y decl>$ !mselves will+ 
= ,*ri/'s sake to be baptiz$ a hundr$   
times if he comm&$4 ,!y _h already f\nd 
t 9 keep+ 8 comm&m5ts !re is great      
rew>d4  ,i %\ld be glad1 k9d read]1 to  
trace ) y ! ,*ri/ian c\rse ( ^!         
disciples ?r\gh ! ye>s t foll[4 ,b we   
mu/ leave !m4 ,i am sure1 h[ev]1 t _!   
c\rse w be upw>d4 ,_! exp]i5ce 0 n ! m]e
 eff]vesc5ce ( fickle feel+4 ,! ^w (    
,god g]m9at$ 9 _! he>ts2 !y _h root 9   
!mselves4 ,!y believ$1 !y believ$ !     
tru?s ( ! gospel1 & !re=e !y felt1 &    

!re=e !y act$4 ,:atsoev] is born ( ,god 
ov]come? ! _w1 & believ+ t !y 7 truly   
born ( ! ,_s1 we are confid5t t he :i*  
ha? begun a good "w 9 !m w p]=m x until 
! day ( ,jesus ,*ri/4