made available by ,! ,int]net ,ar*ive47 
,,wit ,,& ,,humor   ,,( ,,!   ,,bible4  
,a ,,lit]>y ,,/udy4     ,,by   ,,rev4   
,,m>ion ,d4 ,,%utt]1 ,d4 ,d4     ,bibles
 laid op52 millions (                   
surprises4--,h]b]t4     ,,bo/on1        
,,mass41   ,ar5a ,publi%+ ,company1     
,,copley ,,squ>e4   #ahic4              
,,copyright1 #ahib1   ,,by   ,,m>ion ,d4
 ,,%utt]4    ,all rights res]v$4        
,d$ication4    ,,to ,,my ,,wife1   ,,m>y
 ,,wilk9son ,,%utt]4     ,,preface4     
,:ile _m h tak5 9 h& to set =? 9 ord] ! 
pa?os & sublimity ( ! ,bible1 ^? lit]>y 
elem5ts compris$ "u ! title ( ?is book h
 r>ely be5 m5tion$4 ,feel+ t "h 0 a     
field untrav]s$1 ! au?or ( ?is little   
volume began an inve/igation ^: results 
7 orig9ally embodi$ 9 an article publi%$
 "s ye>s ago 9 an ,ea/]n review4 ,t     
article is giv5 9 ,poole's ,index z !   
only "o extant ^u ! subject4 ,s9ce its  
publication1 additional /udy has br\ght 
to light o!r examples ( ! use ( ,wit &  
,humor by ! writ]s ( ! ,bible4 ,^! lat] 

results 7 embodi$ 9 a c\rse ( lectures  
deliv]$ la/ w9t] be=e ! /ud5ts ( ,lomb>d
 ,univ]sity1 ,galesburg1 ,ill4 ,!y are  
n[ giv5 to ! public 9 ! pres5t volume4  
,x w\ld be presumptu\s to claim t ^! few
 pages exhau/ ! subject4 ,su* a claim ! 
au?or does n wi% to make4 ,fur!r rese>* 
w\ld no d\bt br+ to light in/ances t h  
escap$ him4 ,x is hop$1 h[ev]1 t ^!     
/udies may be suffici5tly complete to   
awak5 int]e/ 9 a long-neglect$ side (   
our sacr$ lit]ature4  ,,m>ion ,d4       
,,%utt]4    ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n41 ,dec4   
#bd1 #ahib4     ,fir/ ,univ]sali/ ,*ur*4
     ,,introductory4   ,!re is /ill "o  
"q be=e u4 ,if humor be :at we h claim$ 
= x1 n a m]e f>ce1 b ! depict+ ( ! :ole 
( human life1 !n we %\ld expect t !     
highe/ lit]ature %\ld be f\nd to conta9 
x4 ,we %\ld expect to f9d x ev]y:]e2 t x
 %\ld satisfy all t desire :i* a read+ 9
 !ology1 or philosophy1 or sci5ce1 or   
hi/ory1 or a /udy 9 art1 has creat$ 9   
man4 ,are !re1 !n1 any great books1 or  
/ill m any great =ces 9 human life :i*  

seem devoid ( x8 ,is !re any humor 9 !  
gospels8 ,?is is a dilemma t mu/ be     
fac$2 = if humor be life itself1 h[ c   
human life 9 its highe/ developm5t      
disp5se ) x8--,%or?\se4                 
,,introductory4      ,ev5 ,/4 ,paul c\ld
 inv5t & enjoy a humor\s pun2 ! pro( (  
:i* see ,galatians ,v3#ab1 9 ! orig9al2 
s !re is high au?ority     =            
je/+4--,kirke4   ,! title ( ?is book w  
no d\bt affect _m p]sons unpleasantly at
 fir/4 ,flat blasphemy6 ,i c he> "s "o  
exclaim1 ,we h already _h ! au?ority ( !
 ,bible und]m9$ by critics1 & "h is a   
flippant rogue :o goes /ill f>!r1 &     
assures u t x is no?+ m ?an a je/-book6 
,?is is ! v climax & culm9ation (       
godless folly4  ,! au?or makes ha/e1    
!re=e1 to disclaim any int5tion (       
irrev]5ce4 ,to *eap5 or degrade sacr$   
?+s1 to depreciate ! moral curr5cy1 is  
at ! f>!/ remove f 8 int5tion4 ,x is    
easy en\gh to take ! language (         
,scripture & use x = co>se & vulg>      
purposes1 & su* use des]ves ! sev]e/    

c5sure4 ,x is n to be tol]at$4 ,passages
 t h be5 light & guidance to multitudes1
 t h br\ght /r5g? to ! tempt$1 c]ta9ty  
to ! d\bt+ & consolation to ! b]eav$2 t 
h be5 bread ( life to ^? :o h hung]$ =  
righte\sness1 inspiration to !          
purposeless & help to ! ne$y1--h be5    
turn$ into s\rces ( m]rim5t to fre%5    
exhau/$ wit1 & season ! insipid disc\rse
 ( /upidity4 ,p]sons ^: bra9s are b>r5 (
 pleasant conceits f9d no difficulty 9 s
 p]v]t+ a ,scriptural expression z to   
make ! gr\ndl+s laugh4 ,9 no su* motives
 has ?is volume orig9at$4 ,! title has  
be5 *os5 & ! "w :i* x cov]s has be5 done
 9 ! _s ( "o :o loves ! ,great ,book1 & 
:o w\ld secure = x an additional claim  
^u human affection4 ,! /udies ( ! writ] 
h l$ him into fre% fields & pa/ures     
gre51 :]e he has ga!r$ _m ?+s out ( !   
ord9>y t h giv5 ! ,bible a l>g] place 9 
8 own he>t4  ,no2 ! ,bible is n a       
collection ( je/s2 nor d we *>act]ize x 
z a je/-book :5 we say t x conta9s ,wit 
& ,humor4 ,^! elem5ts are 9 ! ,bible1 & 

) good reason4 ,!y are n introduc$ to   
amuse4 ,!y are n int5d$ to dissipate !  
we>9ess ( an idle h\r4 ,!y are n design$
 to produce convulsions ( laught]4 ,!y  
are subsidi>y to ! ma9 !me4 ,!y are     
incid5tal to ! developm5t ( religi\s    
hi/ory & religi\s ?\ght4 ,!y help reveal
 9 _! true light ! *>act]s :o f "t to "t
 appe>2 !y %[ ! absurdity ( ! oppos+    
error & %>p5 ! arr[s ) :i* folly is     
transfix$4 ,!y enhance 9 _m ways ! value
 & p[] ( our ,sacr$ ,book4   ,i4  ,!    
,scripture docum5ts may be view$ f      
sev]al /&po9ts2--hi/orical1 exegetical1 
!ological & lit]>y4 ,"o may1 = example1 
/udy ! book ( ,job to f9d out ! actual  
basis ( fact t und]lies x1 or = !       
purpose ( asc]ta9+ & sy/ematiz+ its     
doctr9es1 or he may read x z a great    
dramatic poem1 & criticize x by ! rules 
t w\ld apply to any o!r dramatic poem4  
,he may g ?r\gh ! ,apocalypse1 gramm> & 
lexicon 9 h&1 or he may /udy its fla%+  
imag]y z he w\ld t ( any o!r magnific5t 
"w ( g5ius4 ,he may read ! ,psalms z he 

w\ld ! odes ( ,horace4 ,9 ^! pages !    
,scriptures are consid]$ simply z       
,lit]ature4 ,! "q ( inspiration or      
au?ority does n ent]4 ,doctr9al         
inquiries are set aside4 ,to und]/&1    
says ,mat!w ,arnold1 t ! language ( !   
,bible is fluid1 pass+1 lit]>y1 is !    
fir/ /ep t[>ds a "r und]/&+ ( ! ,bible4 
,! lit]>y "* ( ! ,bible is admirably set
 =? 9 ! foll[+ p>agraph f a rec5t       
critic3      ,z a p>ticul> book1 !      
,bible is an unequal$ s\rce ( lit]>y    
inspiration4 ,z a book ( religi\s tru?1 
x is supreme2 b     religi\s tru?1 )\t  
any impairm5t ( its value or obscurity (
     its mean+1 may be /udi$ f ! lit]>y 
/&po9t2 9 fact1 9     ! light ( lit]>y  
criticism1 or te/$ by ! usual canons ( !
     s*ol>1 x w appe> m sacr$1 m        
beautiful1 m div9e4     ,nev] =gett+ t x
 is our manual ( religion1 x is also !  
vehicle ( ! mo/ wond]ful lit]ature 9    
human annals1 & prec$es     9 importance
 all o!rs4 ,!re is no book s composite 9
 "*     & yet s h>moni\s 9 plan1 s      

multiplex 9 /yles & yet s               
educational 9 rhetoric & logic1 s v>i$ 9
 cont5ts & yet s     progressive 9 its  
philosophy & religion1 z ! ,bible4 ,tak5
 z a     :ole1 x is massive1            
compreh5sive1 a revelation ( ! ,inf9ite4
     ,/udi$ 9 its p>ts1 x /imulates s+le
 faculties :ile x     m9i/]s n\ri%m5t to
 ! :ole frame4 ,its hi/ories are m      
compact ?an ^? ( ,h]odotus1 ,gibbon or  
,macaulay2 its poetry1 ^:     key is a  
my/]y1 quiets ,hom]1 ,%akespe>e &       
,t5nyson2 its     prophecies are unique 
climaxes ( wisdom1 bo? 9 drap]y &       
sub/ance2 its biographies excel ^? (    
,plut>*1 ,irv+1 ,c>lyle     & ,boswell2 
its *ronicles ( w>s are sup]ior to ^? ( 
,julius     ,caes>1 ,well+ton1          
,napoleon1 & ,ulysses ,grant2 its       
epi/les eclipse     ^? ( ,pl9y1 ,madame 
,sevigne & ,francis ,bacon2 its laws1 9 
_!     e?ical & spiritual import1 are q 
beyond ,ju/9ian1 ,black/one     & !     
,engli% ,p>liam5t4 ,e phasis (          
lit]ature1 e norm (     wisdom1 is 9 !  

,bible4 ,x m9i/]s to all ta/es & ar\ses 
!     slumb]+ intellects ( all :o c     
compreh5d ! diff]5ce betwe5     reality 
& fiction1 & :o incl9e to virtue r ?an  
vice4     ,rusk9 confesses 8 indebt$ness
 to ! ,bible1 ,hom] & ,sir ,walt]       
,scott1 = 8 m5tal discipl9e2 ,*>les     
,reade pron\nces !     *>act]s 9        
,scripture a lit]>y m>vel4 ,mat!w       
,arnold daily read     ! ,new ,te/am5t 9
 ,greek = its /yle2 ,milton c\ld n h    
writt5 ,p>adise ,lo/ )\t ,g5esis2       
,r5an's wit*]y ( /yle is     traceable  
to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,job has taught !   
poets ! art (     con/ruction1 & ,david 
has sung an undy+ melody into ! e>s (   
! race4 ,! ,book ( ,ru? is ! model idyl1
 & ! ,books ( ,e/h]     & ,daniel ab\nd 
9 incomp>able dramatic elem5ts2 ,isaiah 
has plum$     ! /atesman = oratorical   
flights2 ,j]emiah has op5$ !     f\nta9s
 ( pa?os & s5tim5t 9 pa!tic s\ls2       
,ezekiel has     furni%$ a usable /yle (
 judicial d5unciation = ! crim9al       
lawy]4 ,( all books1 :e!r rhetoric1     

logic1 vocabul>y1 poetry1               
philosophy1 hi/ory1 or :atev] be ! end1 
! ,bible %\ld be fir/     & mo/ c>efully
 /udi$1 its lit]>y _s & =m %\ld be      
closely trac$ & disc]n$1 & its tru? %\ld
 be rev]5tly     incorporat$ into !     
daily spee*1 ?\ght & life4  ,b 9 ?is    
summ>y !re is no m5tion made ( ! lit]>y 
qualities :i* x is "h propos$ to        
consid]4 ,!y are z completely ignor$ z  
if ! v sugge/ion ( _! pres5ce 7         
pr(anation4   ,,ii4  ,! presumption is t
 9 su* a book1 or r collection ( books z
 ! ,bible1 ! elem5ts ( ,wit & ,humor    
w\ld be f\nd4 ,we h "h ! be/ hi/orical1 
poetical1 & moral works ( a :ole p4 ,^! 
docum5ts cov] 9 "t m ?an a mill5nium & a
 half4 ,x is m ?an probable t dur+ t "t 
amus+ incid5ts occurr$1 ev5 9 connection
 ) ! religi\s tr5d ( ! hi/ory1 "s ( :i* 
w\ld be report$2 t grotesque & odd      
*>act]s exi/$1 "s ( :om w\ld be         
describ$1 & _! say+s & do+s not$2 t     
among ! moral tea*]s ( ! p1 !re 7 "s at 
lea/1 :o w\ld po9t _! precepts ) wit &  

edge _! rebukes ) s>casm4 ,we %\ld      
expect to f9d all ^! ?+s1 z we %\ld     
expect to f9d pa?os or sublimity4 ,!    
humor\s is j z legitimate 9 lit]ature & 
q z mu* an elem5t ( influ5ce4 ,x gl[s 9 
all ! o!r great books :i* h %ap$ ! life 
& ?\ght ( mank9d2 & x is only fair to   
presume t we %all f9d its light %9+ f ^?
 pages t h be5 mo/ pot5t ( all4  ,b is n
 ! volume ( ?is book a s]i\s "o8 ,is x n
 pr(\ndly 9 e>ne/8 ,are n its !mes mo/  
solemn8 ,is n its purpose ! highe/ "u   
heav51 ! mo/ important to ! inhabitants 
( e>?8 ,! conclusion1 h[ev]1 t !        
que/ion] has 9 m9d is by no means       
inevitable4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t 
humor is incompatible ) s]i\sness1      
e>ne/ness & solemnity4 ,z 9 "o ( my     
lectures1 says ,h5ry ,re$1 ,i spoke (   
attempt+ to draw too precise a l9e ar\nd
 sacr$ lit]ature1 mak+ x too mu* a ?+   
ap>t1 s 9 reg>d to ! lit]ature ( wit &  
humor4 ,i %all be v sorry1 if su* a     
title z t :i* ,i h be5 oblig$ to use1 l$
 any "o to ?9k ( x z ( a m di/9ctive    

exi/5ce ?an is ! case1 in/ead ( reg>d+  
^? faculties z p]vad+ ! lit]ature 9     
v>i\s degrees1 & ?us =m+ "s ( ! elem5ts 
( its life4 ,i %all h occasion to trace 
^! elem5ts 9 close connection ) elem5ts 
( trag$y1 & to %[ h[ ! processes we     
g5]alize "u ! names ( wit & humor are   
k9dr$ ) ! mo/ int5se passion & ! deepe/ 
feel+4  ,9 human nature1 ! s\rces (     
laught] & te>s lie close toge!r1 & !    
highe/ lit]ature mu/ express t nature 9 
its entirety4 ,x is an und]/ood fact1   
says ,:ipple1 t mir? is z innate 9 ! m9d
 z any o!r orig9al faculty4 ,! abs5ce ( 
x 9 individuals or communities is a     
defect4 ,he :o laughs1 says ! "m (      
,goe!1 c commit no deadly s94 ,if x be  
true z ,:ipple says1 t ! abs5ce ( mir? 9
 individuals or communities is a defect1
 !n is ! abs5ce ( x 9 lit]ature likewise
 a defect4 ,x is a defect because !     
lit]ature :i* omits x fails to set =?   
all t !re is 9 man4 ,x leaves an        
important t]ritory unexplor$4  ,on ! o!r
 h&1 ! lit]ature :i* is design$ to move 

& mold m5 mu/ be address$ to human      
nature 9 its complet5ess4 ,freight$ )   
de/9y1 *>g$ ) et]nity z are ! messages (
 ! ,bible1 !y are yet int5d$ to impress 
m52 !y are address$ to human faculties 9
 human spee*4 ,:atev] ! capacities (    
language = t\*+ ! he>t & op]at+ ^u ! w1 
!y may all be employ$1 ?\gh ! !me so> to
 heav5 or take hold on hell4 ,! ,bible  
is n an in/rum5t ( a s+le /r+2 x gives  
=? a ?\s& h>monies4 ,x is attun$ to e   
note 9 human nature4   ,,iii4  ,?us f>  
we h simply dealt ) ! presumption4 ,!   
consid]ations advanc$ %[ u :at we might 
expect to f9d4 ,:5 we proce$ f          
presumption to actual inve/igation1 our 
conjectures are v]ifi$4 ,!re are c]ta9ly
 passages 9 ! ,bible :i* 9 any o!r      
writ+s we %\ld call ,wit & ,humor4 ,s9ce
 ?is is ! case1 our discussion is       
legitimate1 h[ev] repugnant ! v         
sugge/ion may be to ! feel+s ) :i* we   
are accu/om$ to reg>d ! ,bible4  ,let u 
take "s examples4 ,if we f\nd 9 any o!r 
book su* a say+ z ?is1 ,dead flies cause

 ! o9tm5t ( ! apo!c>y to s5d =? a /9k+  
savor1 s do? a little folly him t is 9  
great reputation = wisdom & honor1 %\ld 
we n call x witty8 ,is x n witty z !    
,russian prov]b ,a spoonful ( t> 9 a    
b>rel ( honey8  ,or consid] su* s5t5ces 
z ! foll[+3 ,all ! labor ( a man is = 8 
m\?1 & yet 8 appetite is n fill$4 ,z he 
t take? away a g>m5t 9 cold wea!r1 & z  
v9eg> ^u nitre1 s is he t s+e? songs to 
a heavy he>t4 ,bread ( deceit is sweet  
to a man1 b aft]w>ds 8 m\? %all be fill$
 ) gravel4 ,he t answ]e? a matt] be=e he
 he>e? x1 x is folly & %ame unto him4 ,a
 man ( great wra? %all suff] puni%m5t2 =
 if ?\ deliv] him1 yet mu/ ?\ d x aga94 
,9 o!r words1 a man ( viol5t temp] is   
always gett+ into difficulties2 y h no  
soon] help$ him out ( "o ?an he madly   
plunges into ano!r4 ,l ! irascible p]son
 9 ! old nurs]y rhyme1 :o jump$ into a  
bramble bu% & scrat*$ out bo? 8 eyes1 he
 is no soon] extricat$1 ?an ) all 8     
might & ma91 he jumps into ano!r bu% &  
puts !m out aga94 ,c a man take fire 9 8

 bosom & 8 clo!s n be burn$8 ,c he g ^u 
hot coals & 8 feet n be burn$8 ,weal?   
makes _m fri5ds1 b ! poor is sep>at$ f 8
 neighbor4 ,he t passe? by & m$dle? )   
/rife belong+ n to him1 is l "o t take? 
a dog by ! e>s4 ,if we came ^u su*      
s5t5ces 9 ,johnson or ,goldsmi?1 we %\ld
 say 9 a mom5t t !y 7 in/ances ( g5u9e  
wit4 ,let u n hesitate to c>ry ! same   
frankness ( lit]>y judgm5t to ! ,bible4 
,:5 ,isaiah *>act]izes c]ta9 ones z     
mighty to dr9k w9e & m5 ( /r5g? to m+le 
/rong dr9k1 does he n use ess5tially !  
same reproa* t ,pr9ce ,hal fa/5$ ^u     
,fal/aff1 ,:]e9 is he good b to ta/e    
sack & dr9k x8 ,:o %all say t ! e>li]   
satire did n sugge/ ! lat]8 ,mu* has be5
 writt5 ab\t ,%akespe>e's indebt$ness to
 ! ,bible4  ,"h is a passage ( bit+     
s>casm f ,job4 ,we %\ld surely call x   
s>casm if we f\nd x 9 ! pages ( ,rob]t  
,s\?4 ,job is express+ 8 scorn = ^? :o  
affect to look d[n ^u him 9 8           
adv]sities3 ,b n[ !y t are y\ng] ?an ,i 
h me 9 d]ision1 ^: fa!rs ,i w\ld h      

disda9$ to set ) ! dogs ( my flock4 ,!y 
are ! *ildr5 ( fools1 yea1 *ildr5 ( base
 m52 !y 7 vil] ?an ! e>?4 7,we h an     
equival5t expression 9 mean] ?an dirt47 
,!y are memb]s ( ! long-e>$ frat]nity4  
,he does n say s 9 ! blunte/ =m (       
expression t c be us$1 & t any "o less  
skillful w\ld h us$4 ,job puts x mu* m  
effectively3 ,among ! bu%es !y bray$2 "u
 ! nettles !y 7 ga!r$ toge!r4 ,if t is n
 wit1 says "o1 !re is no su* ?+ z wit4  
,& yet ! comm5tators d n see x1 or w n  
see x4 ,!y are p]fectly wood5 :5 !y come
 to any su* gleam ( humor4  ,!re is a   
bit ( ridicule 9 ,j]emiah t we %\ld be  
quick to call ridicule1 if we came ^u x 
else:]e4 ,he is describ+ ! disa/]s t    
fell ^u ! allies ( ! ,k+ ( ,egypt4 ,:y  
are ! /rong ones swept away8 ,!y /ood n 
because ! ,"l did ?ru/ !m d[n4 ,he made 
!m to /umble1 yea !y fell "o ^u ano!r2 &
 !y said1 ,arise1 & let u g aga9 to our 
own p1 & to ! l& ( our nativity1 f !    
oppress+ sword4 ,!y are defeat$ 9 spite 
( all ! promises ( ! ,k+ ( ,egypt4 ,he  

does n seem to avail !m4 ,8 boa/s are   
ineffectual4 ,8 disgu/$ allies dep>t1   
fl++ at him ! )]+ reproa*1 ,ph>oah1 ,k+ 
( ,egypt1 is b a noise2 he ha? let !    
appo9t$ "t pass by4 ,t is to say1       
accord+ to "o p>aphrase1 ,ph>oah is ( no
 acc\nt n[1 he has _h 8 *ance & lo/ x2  
he has outliv$ 8 influ5ce2 8 day is ov]2
 he is n a sov]eign any long]2 he is    
only a noise4 ,or z ,mat!w ,h5ry puts x1
 ,ph>oah c hector & talk big2 b t is    
all2 all 8 promises vani% into smoke4 ,9
 ! same _s1 ,que5 ,ca!r9e says ( ! dead 
,wolsey1      ,8 promise 0 z he !n 01   
mighty2     ,b 8 p]=mance1 z he n[ is1  
no?+4  ,if we f\nd a little sket* l !   
foll[+ 9 ,?ack]ay1 we %\ld1 beyond d\bt1
 pron\nce x humor\s3 ,all ! bre?r5 ( !  
poor d hate him2 h[ mu* m d 8 fri5ds g  
f> f him4 ,he pursue? !m ) words1 yet   
are !y want+ to him4 ,! words ( a poor  
man c n travel fa/ en\gh to ov]take 8   
ri* fri5ds & neighbors4 ,inde$1 ,?ack]ay
 has drawn su* a picture 9 8 m elaborate
 description ( ,h>ry ,w>r+ton 9 !       

spong+-h\se1 mak+ va9 appeals = help to 
8 ri* relatives & fri5ds4 ,he pursu$ !m 
) words1 yet 7 !y want+ to him4 ,8      
aunt1--a memb] ( ! great & always       
e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ! ,ph>isees1 s5t him h]
 bless+1--& a tract6  ,if we f\nd1 9 any
 mod]n lit]ature1 a sket* ( ! rul+      
deacon 9 a *ur*1 l ,john's description (
 ,diotrephus1 we %\ld say x 0 t+$ )     
satire4 ,i wrote unto ! ,*ur*1 b        
,diotrephus1 :o love? to h ! pre-em95ce 
among !m1 receive? u n4 ,:]e=e if ,i    
come1 ,i w rememb] 8 de$s :i* he doe?1  
prat+ aga9/ u ) malici\s words2 & n     
cont5t !re)1 nei!r do? he himself       
receive ! bre?r51 & =bidde? !m t w\ld1 &
 ca/e? !m out ( ! ,*ur*4 ,evid5tly !re 0
 a deacon 9 "o ( ! apo/olic *ur*es1 :o  
always _h to be consult$4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ g 
z he dictat$4 ,he did n ev5 /& 9 awe (  
an accr$it$ apo/le4 ,! m9i/] mu/ prea*  
accord+ to 8 views ( !ology1 or signify 
8 will+ness to accept a call to a new   
field4 ,^? memb]s ( ! *ur* :o upheld a  
m9i/] :om ,diotrephus did n l1 f\nd _!  

connection ) ! body sev]$ )\t ! =mality 
( ask+ _! cons5t4 ,9 ! matt] ( hav+ a   
,diotrephus )9 _! bord]s1 "s *ur*es     
to-day f9d !mselves 9 ! direct l9e (    
apo/olic succession4  ,9 ! book ( ,acts1
 !re is an acc\nt ( ,paul's reception at
 ,a!ns4 ,& !y took him & br\ght him unto
 ,areopagus1 say+1 ,may we "k :at ?is   
new doctr9e is1 :]e( ?\ speake/8 ,= ?\  
br+e/ c]ta9 /range ?+s to our e>s2 we   
w\ld "k1 !re=e1 :at ^! ?+s mean4 ,9 !   
comm5t :i* foll[s ?is acc\nt1 ! writ]   
indulges 9 a t\* ( ridicule ^u ! ,a!nian
 gossips & curiosity mong]s4 ,we %\ld   
say x 0 a t\* ( ridicule if we f\nd x 9 
,addison4 ,= all ! ,a!nians & /rang]s   
:i* 7 !re1 sp5t _! "t 9 no?+ else1 b    
ei!r to tell or to he> "s new ?+4 ,inde$
 !re is a sket* 9 ,addison ( :i* ?is    
might easily h be5 ! gr\nd-"w4 ,!re is  
no humor ( my c\ntrym5 :i* ,i am m      
incl9$ to wond] at ?an _! g5]al ?ir/    
aft] news4 ,a victory or defeat is      
equally agreeable to !m4 ,! %utt+ ( a   
c>d9al's m\? please? !m "o po/1 & ! op5+

 ( x ano!r4 ,!y are delight$ to he> !   
,fr5* ,c\rt is remov$ to ,m>li1 & are   
aft]w>ds z mu* delight$ ) its return to 
,v]sailles4 ,!y read ! adv]tisem5ts ) ! 
same curiosity z ! articles ( public    
news2 & are z pleas$ to he> ( a pye-bald
 horse t is /ray$ out ( a field ne>     
,isl+ton1 z ( a :ole troop t has be5    
engag$ 9 any =eign adv5ture4 ,9 %ort1 !y
 h a reli% = any?+ t is news1 let !     
matt] ( x be :at x w4 ,!y are m5 ( a    
voraci\s appetite4 ,is n ! comm5t ( !   
,scriptural writ] ^u ! ,a!nians 9 ! same
 ve9 ) ,addison's comm5t ^u ! ,engli%8  
,isaiah rebukes ^? :o call evil good &  
good evil2 :o put d>kness = light &     
light = d>kness2 :o put bitt] = sweet & 
sweet = bitt]1--?us confus+ moral       
di/9ctions4 ,?is is ! same sort (       
sophi/ry t ,addison exposes1 9 8 g5tle  
way1 by propos+ ! foll[+ =m ( agreem5t3 
,we ^: names are h]eunto subscrib$1 d   
solemnly decl>e t we d 9 our consci5ces 
believe t two & two make f\r2 & t we    
%all adjudge any man :atev] to be our   

enemy :o endeavors to p]suade u to !    
contr>y4 ,we are likewise ready to      
ma9ta91 ) ! haz>d ( all t is ne> & de>  
to u1 t six is less ?an sev5 9 all times
 & at all places2 & t t5 w n be m ?ree  
ye>s h5ce ?an x is at pres5t4 ,we d also
 firmly decl>e t x is our resolution z  
long z we live to call ,black black &   
,:ite :ite4 ,& we %all ^u all occasions 
oppose su* p]sons t ^u any day ( ! ye>  
%all call ,black :ite or ,:ite black1 ) 
! utmo/ ( our lives & =tunes4 ,! rebuke1
 9 bo? cases1 is ! same4   ,,iv4  ,:at d
 ^! illu/rations %[8 ,t ! ,bible is1 on 
! :ole1 a humor\s book8 ,f> f x4 ,t     
religion is a humor\s subject8 t we are 
to ?r[ all ! wit we c into ! treatm5t ( 
x8 ,no4 ,b !y %[ t ! s5se ( ! ludicr\s  
is put into man by 8 ,mak]2 t x has its 
uses2 t we are n to be a%am$ ( x2 t we  
are n to be horrifi$ at ! m5tion ( x 9  
connection ) ?+s we deem mo/ sacr$4 ,!y 
%[ t ! lit]ature ( ! ,bible conta9s !   
same elem5ts t 9 any o!r lit]ature we   
call ,wit & ,humor4 ,!y %[ u1 also1 t   

wit & humor d n ( necessity produce     
he>ty laught] or boi/]\s mir?2 n always 
d !y manife/ !mselves 9 gibes & gambols 
& fla%es ( m]rim5t t set ! table 9 a    
ro>4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o may expect some?+ 9 
^! *apt]s t w %ake "o's sides ) jollity1
 or make him laugh till 8 face be l a   
wet cloak ill laid up1 w d\btless be    
disappo9t$4 ,wit & humor (t5 lie too    
deep = laught]1 z pa?os (t5 lies too    
deep = te>s4  ,no attempt is "h made at 
exact def9ition ( ! two words t are     
prom95t 9 ! g5]al title ( ?is book4     
,p]haps aft] !y h pass$ ?r\gh _! f9al   
analysis we %all n be any wis] ?an be=e 
we ca/ !m into ! alembic4 ,b>r[ says (  
,humor3 ,x is a ?+ s v]satile & multi=m 
t x seems no less h>d to settle a cle> &
 c]ta9 notion !re(1 ?an to make a       
portrait ( ,proteus or to def9e ! figure
 ( ! fleet+ air4 ,we usually include "u 
! g5]al t]m all =ms ( pleasantry1       
grotesqu5ess1 droll]y1 s>casm1 irony1   
ridicule4 ,our common acceptation %all  
s]ve u 9 ^! /udies4  ,!re are _m ?+s1   

says ,pr(4 ,mat!ws1 t def9ition helps u 
to und]/&1 b !re are o!r ?+s t we und]/&
 bett] ?an we c any possible def9ition (
 !m2 among ^! are ! cold1 sp>kl+1       
m]curial ?+ we call wit1 & t g5ial1     
juicy1 unconsci\s ?+ we call humor4  ,) 
^! prelim9>y obs]vations1 we proce$ to  
exam9e ! subject 9 detail3      ,are !re
 n two po9ts 9 ! adv5ture ( ! div]8     
,"o :5 a begg> he prep>es to plunge2    
,! o!r :5 a pr9ce he rises ) 8 pe>l8    
,fe/us1 ,i plunge4     ,,ii4 ,,"*       
,,sket*es4       ----,n[1 by two-head$  
,janus1     ,nature ha? fram$ /range    
fell[s 9 h] "t2     ,"s t w ev]more peep
 ?r\gh _! eyes1     ,& laugh l p>rots at
 a bag-pip]2     ,& o!r ( su* v9eg>     
aspect1     ,t !y'll n %[ _! tee? by way
 ( smile1     ,?o' ,ne/or swore ! je/ 7 
laughable4--                            
,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4     ,,"* ,,sket*es4   
,) :at prud5ce does ! ,son ( ,sira*     
caution u 9 ! *oice (     our fri5ds4 ,&
 ) :at /rokes ( ,nature1 7,i c\ld almo/ 
say (     ,hum\r17 has he describ$ !    

behavior ( a trea*]\s &     self-int]e/$
 fri5d6--,addison4   ,! hi/ory ( !      
anci5t ,hebrews1 says ,george ,eliot1   
gives ! idea ( a p :o w5t ab\t _!       
bus9ess & _! pleasures z gravely z a    
society ( beav]s2 ! smile & laugh are   
(t5 m5tion$ metaphorically2 b ! smile is
 "o ( complac5cy1 ! laugh ( scorn4      
,aga9/ ! au?ority ( s illu/ri\s a "n1 ! 
writ] ( ^! pages confesses a some:at    
diff]5t impression4 ,x is difficult to  
believe t su* s5tim5ts z ! foll[+ c\ld h
 aris5 among a p ^: only smile 0 t (    
complac5cy1 ^: only laught] t ( scorn3  
,he t is ( a m]ry he>t ha? a cont9ual   
fea/4  ,a m]ry he>t make? a *e]ful      
c\nt5ance4  ,a m]ry he>t doe? good l a  
m$ic9e4  ,g ?y way2 eat ?y bread ) joy &
 dr9k ?y w9e ) a m]ry he>t4  ,! voice ( 
mir?1 ! voice ( gladness are phrases (  
frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! anci5t ,hebrews   
believ$ t !re 0 a "t to laugh z well z a
 "t to weep4 ,grave & s]i\s z !y 71 !re 
mu/ h be5 9 !m1 aft] all1 some?+ sunny &
 pleasant4 ,!y did n f9d ! heav5s =ev]  

black & ! e>? =ev] *e]less4  ,:5 we turn
 to ! hi/orical & biographical portions 
( ,scripture1 we f9d "h & !re a bit (   
qua9tness & droll]y 9 pictures ( life & 
del9eations ( "* t mu/ h br\ght to !    
faces ( ^? :o read !m or he>d !m smiles 
o!r ?an ^? ( complac5cy2 t mu/ h be5    
enjoy$ ) laught] o!r ?an t ( scorn4     
,mr4 ,%or?\se says1 ,nature & humor d n 
lie f> ap>t2 ! s\rce & spr+ ( humor is  
human life4 ,! ess5ce ( humor1 ,c>lyle  
rem>ks1 is s5sibility2 w>m1 t5d]        
fell[-feel+ ) all =ms ( exi/5ce4 ,! man 
( humor1 writes ano!r di/+ui%$ critic1  
see+ at "o glance ! maje/ic & ! mean1 ! 
s]i\s & ! laughable2 inde$1 int]pret+   
:at is little or ridicul\s by light     
d]iv$ f its opposite idea1 del9eates "* 
z he f9ds x 9 life1 )\t any imp]t95t    
intrusion ( 8 own indignation or        
approval4  ,! writ]s ( ! ,bible sket*$  
mann]s & traits z !y f\nd !m4 ,_! p5cils
 7 fai?ful to nature4 ,!y report$ :at !y
 saw4 ,! features :i* provoke ! smile1 z
 well z ^? :i* move u to admire1 condemn

 or weep1 are pictur$ on _! canvas4 ,!y 
_h an eye = ! ludicr\s side ( life1 z   
well z = its m sob] aspects4 ,s1 g5ial  
is mu* ( _!--(t5 unconsci\s--humor1 s f>
 remov$ f bitt]ness or scorn1 t x %\ld  
seem z if ,addison & ,irv+ might h drawn
 "s ( _! inspiration f ^! old ,hebrews4 
,9 ?is *apt] we %all give "s            
illu/rations f _! sket*es ( "*4         
,i4--,,abimele*4  ,9 ! "t ( ! ,judges ! 
unpr9cipl$ ,abimele* contriv$ to h      
himself proclaim$ k+ 9 ,%e*em4 ,kn[+ 8  
unfitness = ! ?rone1 & vex$ at 8        
successful ma*9ations1 ,jo?am1 a man (  
ready wit1 ridicules ! pret5sions ( !   
mon>* & ! folly ( ! p1 9 an admirable   
fable4 ,addison says3 ,fables 7 ! fir/  
pieces ( wit t made _! appe>ance 9 ! _w1
 & h be5 /ill highly valu$1 n only 9    
times ( ! greate/ simplicity1 b among ! 
mo/ polite ages ( mank9d4 ,jo?am's fable
 ( ! ,trees is ! olde/ t is extant1 & z 
beautiful z any t h be5 made s9ce t "t4 
,p]*+ himself ^u ! top ( a hill1 t 8    
p>able may n be br\ght to an untimely   

end1 he speaks to ! multitude3 ,! ,trees
 w5t =? on a "t to ano9t a k+ ov] !m4 ,&
 !y said to ! ,olive ,tree1 ,reign ?\   
ov] u4 ,b ! ,olive ,tree said unto !m1  
,%\ld ,i leave my fatness1 :]e) by me !y
 honor ,god & m51 & g to be promot$ ov] 
! ,trees8 ,!n said ! ,trees unto ! ,fig 
,tree1 ,come ?\ & reign ov] u4 ,b ! ,fig
 ,tree said unto !m1 ,%\ld ,i =sake my  
sweetness & my good fruit1 & g to be    
promot$ ov] ! ,trees8 ,!n said ! ,trees 
unto ! ,v9e1 ,come ?\ & reign ov] u4 ,& 
! ,v9e said unto !m1 ,%\ld ,i leave my  
w9e :i* *e]e? ,god & ,man1 & g to be    
promot$ ov] ! ,trees8 ,?us f> ! ,trees h
 be5 unsuccessful4 ,!y h f\nd among _!  
fell[s ( ! =e/ no available c&idate ^:  
"* & record are good4 ,!y anticipat$ a  
difficulty ( m mod]n times4 ,b !y are   
becom+ desp]ate4 ,!y are det]m9$ to h a 
k+4 ,9 ?is extremity :at /ep d !y take8 
,!n said all ! ,trees unto ! ,bramble1  
,come ?\ & reign ov] u4 ,! ,bramble _c  
plead bus9ess4 ,x _c say1 z d ! ,olive &
 ,fig & ,v9e1 ,i am ( "s bett] use4 ,!re

 is no reason1 s f> z any b5efic5t      
occupation is conc]n$1 :y x %\ld n be   
k+4 ,! (f] is eag]ly accept$1 & ! pomp\s
 bu% deliv]s itself ( ?is high & mighty 
coronation address3 ,if 9 tru? ye ano9t 
me k+ ov] y1 !n come & put y\r tru/ 9 my
 %ad[2 & if n1 let fire come out ( !    
,bramble & de/roy ! c$>s ( ,lebanon6    
,?is ,bramble1 ,jo?am expla9s1 repres5ts
 ,abimele*1 :ile ! misguid$ trees are ! 
m5 ( ,%e*em4 ,hav+ made ?is application1
 ,jo?am became conv9c$ t 8 mission 0    
end$1 & ab&on$ ,m\nt ,g]ezim = a place (
 great] security4 ,& ,jo?am ran away &  
fl$1 & w5t to ,be] & dwelt !re = fe> (  
,abimele* 8 bro!r4 ,he did n wait to see
 :at impression he _h made4 ,he 0 will+ 
to let 8 /ory1 moral & all1 take c>e (  
itself2 = 9 t day1 z 9 e subsequ5t age1 
!re 0 no room = a satiri/ 9 ! k+dom ( an
 incompet5t rul]4   ,,ii4--,,samson4    
,f>!r on 9 ! book ( ,judges1 we h !     
portrait ( ,samson4 ,h[ qua9tly is ! "* 
drawn6 ,a great lubb]ly1 good-natur$    
giant1 b n[ & !n bur/+ out into fits (  

unreason+ & uncontroll$ ang]1--n unlike 
,ajax 9 ! play4 ,he is con/antly mak+   
himself ridicul\s 9 8 love affairs4  ,9 
,love's ,labor ,lo/1 ! foll[+ dialogue  
occurs3--      ,,armado4--,com=t me1    
boy4 ,:at great m5 h be5 9 love8        
,,mo?4--,h]cules1 ,ma/]4                
,,arm4--,mo/ sweet ,h]cules6 ,m au?ority
 de> boy1 "n m2 &     sweet my *ild1 let
 !m be m5 ( good repute & c>riage4      
,,mo?4--,samson1 ,ma/]2 he 0 a man (    
good c>riage1 = he rais$     ! t[n gates
 on 8 back l a port]2 & he 0 9 love4    
,he tries to joke 9 clumsy riddles3 ,out
 ( ! eat] came =? meat1 out ( ! /rong   
came =? sweetness4 ,b 8 jokes 7 usually 
( a m practical & ev5 m disa/r\s k9d4   
,l',e/range1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,humor1 says3
 ,! fir/ "* 9 ! records ( antiquity t   
seems to h _h any?+ qua9t or droll ab\t 
x is t ( ,samson4 ,/&+ out amid !       
confusion ( leg5d>y times1 he gives u   
good specim5s ( ! fi]ce1 wild k9d (     
m]rim5t reli%$ 9 anci5t days2 & 0 v fond
 ( mak+ v sangu9>y sport = ! ,phili/9es4

 ,he 0 an exagg]ation ( a n v uncommon  
type ( man 9 :i* brute /r5g? is jo9$ to 
loose morals & :imsical fancy4 ,p 7 m   
incl9$ to laugh at suff]+s =m]ly ?an n[1
 because !y 7 n ke5ly s5sitive to pa91 &
 also _h less feel+ & consid]ation =    
o!rs4 ,t ,samson f\nd "s malici\s k9d ( 
pleasure & div]sion 9 8 reprisals on 8  
enemies & made 8 mis=tunes m9i/] to 8   
amusem5t1 is evid5t f ! /range "* ( 8   
exploits4 ',he caught ?ree hundr$ foxes1
 & took firebr&s1 & turn$ tail to tail1 
& put a firebr& 9 ! mid/ betwe5 two     
tails1 & :5 he _h set ! br&s on fire1 he
 let !m g into ! /&+ corn ( !           
,phili/9es1 & burn$ up bo? ! %ocks &    
also ! /&+ corn ( ! ,phili/9es1 ) !     
v9ey>ds & olives4' ,on ano!r occasion1  
he all[$ himself to be b\nd ) cords &   
?us app>5tly deliv]$ p[]less into ! h&s 
( 8 enemies2 he !n broke 8 bonds 'l flax
 t 0 burnt ) fire1' & tak+ ! jawbone (  
an ass :i* he f\nd1 slew a ?\s& m5 ) x4 
,8 acc\nt ( ?is massacre %[s t he reg>d$
 x 9 a humor\s light3 ',) ! jawbone ( an

 ass1 heaps ^u heaps1 ) ! jawbone ( an  
ass1 ,i h sla9 a ?\s& m54' ,we might    
also ref] to 8 c>ry+ away ! gates (     
,gaza to ! top ( a hill t is be=e       
,hebron1 & to 8 dup+ ,delilah ab\t !    
sev5 gre5 )es4 99 99 99 ,samson 0       
evid5tly reg>d$ z a droll fell[ 9 8 day4
  ,:at a t\* ( human nature !re is 9 !  
sc5e betwe5 ,samson & 8 wife1 :5 %e asks
 = ! solution ( t wret*$ riddle6 ,?\ do/
 b hate me1 is h] reproa*1 & love/ me n2
 ?\ ha/ put =? a riddle unto ! *ildr5 ( 
my p1 & ha/ n told x to me4 ,:at6 is !re
 a dome/ic /orm already brew+8 ,!re is  
some?+ ( a ?und]clap 9 ! angry retort ( 
! husb&3 ,behold1 ,i h n told x to my   
fa!r & my "m1 7z if t w\ld make any     
diff]5ce to h]67 & %all ,i tell x to !e8
 ,comp>isons ( ?is sort are b little    
not$ = _! conciliatory t5d5cies1 & s we 
are fully prep>$ = :at foll[s3 ,& %e    
wept be=e him ! sev5 days :ile ! fea/   
la/$4 ,poor ,samson is n pro( aga9/     
woman's te>s4 ,he c\ld r5d ! lion z a   
kid1 & c>ry (f ! gates ( ,gaza z easily 

z a %eph]d c\ld be> a lamb ^u 8 %\ld]s1 
b 8 sup]human /r5g? is ( no avail aga9/ 
wom5's weapons1 wat]-drops4 ,we are n   
surpris$ to f9d t x came to pass on !   
sev5? day he told h]4 ,?us did conjugal 
qu>rels end 9 ! "t ( ! ,judges4  ,b if  
,samson 0 wor/$ 9 ! enc\nt] ) 8 wife1 he
 scor$ a victory aga9/ ! ,phili/9es :o  
_h fright5$ h] into tell+ !m ! answ] to 
! riddle4 ,:5 !y came ) an air ( insol5t
 triumph & said3 ,:at is sweet] ?an     
honey8 & :at is /rong] ?an a lion8 he r 
impolitely retort$1--traces ( gall &    
wormwood at 8 rec5t humiliation by 8    
wife /ill rankl+ 9 8 m9d1--,if ye _h n  
pl\gh$ ) my heif]1 ye _h n f\nd out my  
riddle4 ,b he paid ! debt ( honor he ow$
 !m1 ! wag] he _h lo/4 ,he w5t d[n to   
,a%kelon1 & slew ?irty m5 ( !m1 & took  
_! spoil & gave *anges ( raim5t unto !m 
:i* exp\nd$ ! riddle4 ,!rsites w\ld h   
said ( him z he did ( ,a*illes1 ,8 wit 0
 8 s9ew4 ,samson _h wond]ful muscul> p[]
 ( rep>tee4  ,on ano!r occasion ,samson 
amus$ himself by tell+ mon/r\s lies ab\t

 ! secret ( 8 /r5g?3 ,if !y b9d me )    
sev5 gre5 )es t 7 nev] dri$1 !n %all ,i 
be weak & be z ano!r man2 if !y b9d me  
fa/ ) new ropes2 if ?\ weave/ ! sev5    
locks ( my head ) ! web2 & s on4 ,z     
,pr9ce ,hal said ( ! /ories ( 8 boon    
companion1 ,^! lies are l ! fa!r t      
begets !m2 gross z a m\nta91 op51       
palpable4 ,delilah1 we>i$ ) ^! practical
 jokes1 exclaims at la/1 ,h[ can/ ?\ say
 ',i love !e1' :5 ?9e he>t is n ) me8   
,?\ ha/ mock$ me ^! ?ree times1 & ha/ n 
told me :]e9 ?y great /r5g? lie?4 ,!n %e
 began a c\rse ( teas+ & entreaty t     
f9ally prov$ successful4 ,x came to pass
 :5 %e press$ him daily ) h] words1 s t 
8 s\l 0 vex$ unto dea?1 t he told h] all
 8 he>t4 ,samson 0 great physically1 b s
 weak m5tally & morally t he is         
cont9ually r$uc+ himself to an absurd   
spectacle4 ,he c\ld n resi/ ,delilah's  
p]si/5t importunities1 nor _h he        
suffici5t resolution to betake himself f
 ! pres5ce ( temptation4 ,he _h1 no     
d\bt1 laugh$ l\d & long at ! victims ( 8

 huge falsehoods1 b he is f9ally h>ass$ 
by a woman ^: reproa*es & entreaties are
 l a cont9ual dropp+ on a ra9y day1 into
 tell+ ! fatal tru?4 ,^u ! :ole1 z we   
look ^u ! portrait ( ,samson1 we f9d x  
impossible to respect him4 ,we c only   
smile at 8 folly4 ,! "o fla% ( g5u9e    
nobility comes at ! la/4 ,no?+ 9 8 life 
became him l ! leav+ x4 ,aft] all1 t    
h]oic dea? m ?an half r$eems ! vacillat+
 c>e] x closes4   ,,iii4--,,nabal4  ,!re
 is q a diff]5t "* 9 ! fir/ book (      
,samuel4 ,8 "n is ,nabal4 ,! ^w itself  
means fool2 & ! man's wife1 ,abigail1   
volunte]$ ! op9ion t x 0 a v accurate   
description ( h] husb&3 ,z 8 "n is1 s is
 he3 ,nabal is 8 "n & folly is ) him4   
,he is self-satisfi$1 h>d-head$1        
irritable1 ob/9ate4 ,we are told t he 0 
*urli% & evil 9 8 do+s4 ,he is blunt 9  
spee*1 rude1 & ev5 boori% 9 mann]s4 ,he 
/&s out ( ! /ory l an old1 gn>l$ tree4  
,x w\ld n be a matt] ( m>vel if he      
sugge/$ to ,field+ ! "* ( ,squire       
,we/]n4 ,!y h _m po9ts 9 common4 ,!     

s]vants ( ,nabal are afraid ( him3 ,he  
is su* a son ( ,belial t a man _c speak 
to him6 ,he is fond ( w9e1 & sometimes  
falls asleep ov] 8 cups4 ,:5 ,david asks
 a favor ( him1 he exclaims3 ,:o is     
,david8 & :o is ! son ( ,jesse8 ,!re be 
_m s]vants n[-a-days t break away1 e man
 f 8 own ma/]6 ,z mu* z to say1 ,!      
c\ntry is full ( runaways & tramps1 & h[
 d ,i "k b ?is ,david is "o ( !m8 ,!n he
 goes on--,%all ,i take my bread & my   
wat]1 & my fle% t ,i h kill$ = my %e>]s1
 & give x unto m5 :om ,i "k n :5ce !y   
be8 ,let ?is ,david look out = himself2 
x is all t ,i c d to provide = my own   
family & s]vants6 ,h[ exactly 9 !       
,squire ,we/]n ve93 ,x's well = un ,i   
c\ld n get at un2 ,i'd spoil$ 8         
cat]waul+2 ,i'd a taught un to m$dle )  
meat = 8 ma/]4 ,he %an't ev] h a morsel 
( meat ( m9e1 or a v>d5 to buy x )6 ,j !
 man1 aft] he has /orm$ 8 life away1 to 
die ( apoplexy6 ,& ,nabal did die       
sudd5ly1 a few days aft] he _h be5 v    
drunk54   ,,iv4--,,jonah4  ,!re are "s  

elem5ts ( g5u9e humor 9 ! /ory ( ,jonah4
 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! miracul\s     
portions ( ! n>rative1 ! "* ( ! %irk+ & 
:imp]+ prophet is fai?fully drawn4 ,he  
fir/ tries to escape ! comm& ( ! ,"l by 
flee+ to ,t>%i%1 b f9ds t he :o runs    
away f duty runs into dang]4 ,?or\ghly  
al>m$ by ! disa/r\s outcome ( 8 attempt 
to get away f responsibility1 he f9ally 
goes to ,n9eveh1 b is n reconcil$ to 8  
task4 ,he did n g because he 0 anxi\s to
 s]ve ! ,n9evites1 b because he wi%$ to 
av]t fur!r dang] f himself4 ,he is 9 j !
 mood to compla9 ( ev]y?+1 to snat* at  
any /raw ( ju/ification = 8 =m] conduct4
 ,contr>y to 8 expectations1 & ev51 x   
mu/ be confess$1 to 8 secret wi%es1 !   
,n9evites 7 mov$ to rep5tance by 8      
half-he>t$ prea*+1 ) its und]tone (     
grumbl+1 & ,god =gave !m & turn$ away ! 
?reat5$ de/ruction ( _! city4 ,b :5 !   
=ty days expire1 & ! city does n fall1  
,jonah is angry1 & he insi/s t he does  
well to be angry4 ,he has be5 oblig$ to 
trudge ?r\gh ! /reets ( ! city day aft] 

day %\t+ 8 pr$ictions ( doom1 & n[ he is
 d5i$ ! poor satisfaction ( see+ ! bolts
 fall f heav5 9 v5geance4 ,he has ev5   
gone s f> z to prep>e = himself a boo? 9
 a safe place1 "u ^: %ad[ he might sit &
 enjoy ! spectacle1--:]e he might see   
:at w\ld become ( ! city4 ,& n[ !re is  
no?+ to come ( x all6 ,x displeas$      
,jonah exce$+ly & he 0 v angry4 ,surely 
! ,"l is n consid]ate ( ! feel+s ( 8    
prophet4 ,jonah's p5t-up displeasure    
breaks =?3 ,i pray !e1 ,o ,"l1 0 n ?is  
my say+ :ile ,i 0 yet 9 m9e own c\ntry8 
,did ,i n tell y s8 ,did ,i n say !n &  
!re h[ ?is :ole affair w\ld turn out8   
,!re=e ,i fl$ be=e unto ,t>%i%4 ,:y %\ld
 ,i bli/] "u ! sun ( ,n9eveh1 :5 ,i     
might take m9e ease 9 ,t>%i%8 ,= ,i knew
 t ,?\ art a graci\s ,god1 sl[ to ang] &
 ( great k9dness & rep5te/ !e ( !       
evil1--too good-natur$ to d ?is ?+6 ,&  
n[ t ,i h come1 my prophecy has fail$ & 
my mission is a f>ce4 ,^! wret*es are   
sp>$ & ! prophet ( ,god is a            
laugh+-/ock6 ,i d well to be angry1 ev5 

unto dea?6 ,he goes f>!r3 ,i besee* !e1 
take away my life f me2 = x is bett] =  
me to die ?an to live4 ,x is bett] to   
die ?an to be made ridicul\s4 ,no?+ c\ld
 reconcile ,jonah1 j !n1 to ! ?\ght (   
fur!r exi/5ce4 ,l ,mr4 ,mantil9i1 he 0  
det]m9$ to become a body4               
,v4--,,absalom4  ,we mu/ n pass by t    
exquisite lik5ess ( ! demagogue 9       
,second ,samuel4 ,absalom rose up e>ly &
 /ood beside ! way ( ! gate2 & x 0 s t  
:5 any man t _h a controv]sy came to !  
k+ = judgm5t1 !n ,absalom call$ unto him
 & said1 ,( :at city art ?\8 & he said1 
,?y s]vant is "o ( ! tribes ( ,israel4  
,& ,absalom said unto him1 ,see1 ?y     
matt]s are good & "r1 b !re is no "o    
deput$ ( ! k+ to he> !e4 ,?+s are gett+ 
v loose 9 ! gov]nm5t2 ! c\ntry is go+ to
 ! dogs4 ,! pres5t adm9i/ration has be5 
s long 9 p[]1 t x has gr[n c>eless ( !  
int]e/s ( ! p4 ,absalom said1 moreov]1  
,o t ,i 7 made ,judge 9 ! l&2 t any man 
:i* ha? any suit or any cause might come
 unto me1 & ,i w\ld d him ju/ice6 ,we   

ne$ a *ange4 ,put our p>ty 9 p[] & see  
:e!r ! rights ( ! p w n be bett] reg>d$2
 see :e!r !re w n be re=m 9 all         
dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t1 & bett] times 9 
! nation4 ,& x 0 s t :5 any man came to 
him to d him obeisance1 he put =? 8 h& &
 took him & kiss$ him4 ,really1 "h we h 
! orig9 ( ! h& %ak+ c&idate ( to-day4   
,"h are ! beg9n+s ( t cajol]y ( ! poor  
labor+ man1 ! hone/ f>m]1 ! oppress$ p1 
:i* ! mod]n aspirant to (fice s e>ne/ly 
affects4 ,& 9 ?is mann] did ,absalom to 
all ,israel t came unto ! ,k+ = judgm5t2
 s ,absalom /ole ! he>ts ( ! m5 (       
,israel4 ,9 "o po9t ! comp>ison betwe5  
,absalom & 8 lat] imitators fails4      
,absalom1 x w be rememb]$1 clos$ 8 c>e] 
by gett+ hung ^u a tree4 ,x is greatly  
to be regrett$ t _m ( our mod]n         
demagogues d n complete ! p>allel4      
,,vi4--,,%imei4  ,if ,absalom is a type 
( ! demagogue1 ,%imei surely is a type (
 ! sycophant4 ,:ile ,david 0 9 p[]1     
,%imei 0 devot$4 ,:5 ,david 0 supplant$ 
by ! s*em+ ,absalom & w5t =? he>t-brok5 

& we>y f ! city :]e he _h reign$1 ,%imei
 basely des]ts him to become ! tool (   
,absalom1 & heaps insults ^u ! head ( ! 
fall5 mon>*4 ,"h is a specim5 ( 8       
conduct & language3 ,he ca/ /ones at    
,david & at ! s]vants ( ,k+ ,david4 99  
99 99 ,& ?us said ,%imei :5 he curs$1   
,come out1 come out1 ?\ bloody man & ?\ 
man ( ,belial3 ! ,"l ha? return$ ^u !e  
all ! blood ( ! h\se ( ,saul 9 ^: /ead  
?\ ha/ reign$2 & ! ,"l ha? deliv]$ !    
k+dom into ! h& ( ,absalom ?y son2 &    
behold ?\ art tak5 9 ?y mis*ief because 
?\ art a bloody man4 ,?is exhibition (  
meanness r\ses ! j wra? ( ,abi%ai1 :o   
wi%es to put an effectual /op to !      
mis]able proce$+3 ,:y %\ld ?is dead dog 
curse my "l1 ! ,k+8 ,let me g ov]1 ,i   
pray !e1 & take (f 8 head4 ,b ,david    
=bids1 & ,%imei secure 9 ! cont9u$      
possession ( 8 head foll[$ aft] ,david &
 8 m5 & curs$ z he w5t1 & ?rew /ones at 
him & ca/ du/4 ,b ! sc5e *anges4        
,absalom lies dead "u a heap ( /ones 9 !
 =e/4 ,david is return+ to ,j]usalem z  

k+4 ,a boat has c>ri$ him across !      
,jordan4 ,:o is ?is t meets him z he l&s
 & fawns ^u him8 ,! wret* :o /on$ &     
curs$ him ! o!r day4 ,x is ,%imei :o    
=sook him & pelt$ him :5 he 0 un=tunate1
 b :o returns to (f]1 9 a bondman's key1
 8 humble s]vices :5 ,david is re/or$ to
 p[]4 ,let n my ,"l impute iniquity unto
 me1 nei!r d ?\ rememb] t :i* ?y s]vant 
did1 ! day t my "l ! k+ w5t out (       
,j]usalem1 t ! k+ %\ld take x to he>t4  
,d n grieve ov] x1 d n take x too       
sorely4 ,i admit t x 0 r ha/y &         
ill-advis$4 ,= ?y s]vant do? "k t ,i h  
s9n$4 ,to be sure ,i ?rew "s /ones1 &   
kick$ up a little du/1 & swore a few    
oa?s1--v inconsid]ate x seems n[2 b ,i  
am will+ to =get ! :ole affair4 ,& see  
:at spl5did atonem5t ,i (f]6 ,behold1 ,i
 am come fir/ ?is day ( all ! h\se (    
,joseph1 to g d[n to meet my ,"l1 ! ,k+4
 ,?9k ( t6 ,ah1 x is my "l1 ! k+ to-day2
 no long] a man ( ,belial4 ,my "l ! k+ c
 grant favors4 ,any little trifle ( an  
(fice = :i* he may want an incumb5t w\ld

 be consid]$4 ,rememb]1 ,i am come ?is  
day1 ! fir/ ( all ! h\se ( ,joseph to g 
d[n to meet my "l ! k+4  ,/]ne says3 ,! 
:eel turns r\nd once m2 ,absalom is ca/ 
d[n1 & ,david returns 9 peace4 ,%imei   
suits 8 behavior to ! occasion1 & is !  
fir/ man also :o ha/5s to greet him2 &  
_h ! :eel turn$ r\nd a hundr$ times1    
,%imei1 ,i d>e say1 9 e p]iod ( its     
rotation w\ld h be5 upp]mo/4 ,!n he     
adds3 ,o ,%imei1 w\ld to heav5 :5 ?\ wa/
 sla91 t all ?y family _h be5 sla9 ) !e 
& n "o ( ?y resemblance left4 ,b ye h   
multipli$ exce$+ly & repl5i%$ ! e>?2 &  
if ,i prophesy rightly1 ye w 9 ! end    
subdue x4 ,g :]e y w1 9 e qu>t]1 9 e    
pr(ession1 y see a ,%imei foll[+ ! :eels
 ( ! =tunate ?r\gh ?ick mire & clay4  ,x
 is n claim$ t ! writ]s ( ! ,bible drew 
^! portraits = ! purpose ( mak+ ludicr\s
 ^? :om !y pa9t$1 b ! features 7 9 !    
orig9als1 & !y :o wrote 7 simply fai?ful
 to nature4 ,!y portray$ :at !y saw4 ,!y
 did n bl9d !mselves to facts2 & n[     
wor?less usurp]1 weak-will$ giant1      

*urli% c\ntry squire ( ,pale/9e1 grumbl+
 prophet1 s*em+ demagogue & oily        
sycophant live =ev] on _! canvas4 ,n[1  
by two-head$ ,janus1 ,nature ha? fram$  
/range fell[s 9 h] "t2 & "s ( ^? /range 
fell[s liv$ 9 ,judea ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4  
,,iii4 ,,t\*es ,,( ,,nature4   ,!       
ludicr\s has its place 9 ! ,univ]se2 x  
is n a human inv5tion1 b "o ( ! ,div9e  
ideas1 illu/rat$ 9 ! practical jokes (  
kitt5s & monkeys1 long be=e ,ari/ophanes
 or ,%akespe>e4--,,holmes4     ,,t\*es  
,,( ,,nature4       ,to expla9 ! nature 
( laught] & te>s is to acc\nt = !       
condition ( human life2 = x is 9 a mann]
 comp\nd$ ( ^!     two4 ,x is trag$y or 
com$y1 sad or m]ry1 z x                 
happ5s4--,,hazlitt4   ,"o t\* ( nature1 
says ,%akespe>e1 makes ! :ole _w k92 b !
 great dramati/ did n def9e exactly :at 
he meant by t\* ( nature1 & ! critics ( 
_m g5]ations h be5 at w> ov] ! "q4      
,p]haps he c\ld n h told u1 ev5 if he _h
 tri$1--any m ?an ! critics c tell u4   
,:5 ,democritus 0 ask$ 8 def9ition ( a  

man1 8 only reply 01 ,a man is t :i* we 
all see & "k4 ,fur!r ?an ?is !          
philosoph] c\ld n proce$4 ,b :ile       
,%akespe>e has n giv5 u a def9ition1 he 
has giv5 u an illu/ration3      ,"o t\* 
( nature makes ! :ole _w k91--     ,t   
all1 ) "o cons5t1 praise new-born gauds1
     ,?o' !y are made & m\ld$ ( ?+s pa/2
     ,& give to du/ t is a little gilt  
,m laud ?an gilt o'erdu/$4  ,! :ole _w  
is k9 9 ?is1 t all ) "o cons5t          
inexcusably =get ! sub/antial pa/ &     
praise ! pres5t folly1 if t folly be    
well trick$ out4 ,humanity proves its   
on5ess by its foibles z well z by its   
virtues4 ,fool]y1 sir1 do? walk ab\t !  
orb2 l ! sun x %9e? ev]y:]e4 ,?+s des]v+
 ( laught] & ?+s int5d$ to provoke x h  
always be5 happ5+2 & ! faculties by :i* 
m5 p]ceive ! fooli% & ludicr\s h always 
exi/$ 9 human nature4      ,quips &     
cranks & wanton wiles1     ,nods & becks
 & wrea!d smiles1     ,sport t wr9kl$   
c>e d]ides1     ,& laught] hold+ bo? 8  
sides1--  all ^! 7 9 ! pa/ z well z 9 ! 

pres5t4 ,!y are t\*es ( nature t make ! 
:ole _w k94  ,! /atem5t 0 made 9 !      
prec$+ *apt] t ! writ]s ( ! ,bible1     
especially ( ! hi/orical books1 drew    
fai?fully f real life1 & sket*$ mann]s &
 traits z !y f\nd !m4 ,!y nei!r smoo!d  
ov] nor conceal$ any?+4 ,!y 7 absolutely
 frank4 ,?is fidelity to nature made x  
inevitable t ! writ]s %\ld n[ & !n      
depict ! ludicr\s side ( life & "*1     
describe grotesque situations & pa9t    
amus+ sc5es4 ,^! are n upro>i\sly funny1
 !y w n provoke boi/]\s m]rim5t1 any m  
?an w a page ( ,addison2 b !y are none !
 less specim5s ( g5u9e humor4 ,inde$1   
,c>lyle rem9ds u t true humor spr+s n m 
f ! head ?an f ! he>t2 x issues n 9     
laught]1 b 9 smiles t lie f> deep]4  ,we
 may be sure t all life f ! v beg9n+ has
 _h its humor\s no less ?an its s]i\s   
side4 ,if any record _h be5 kept1 we    
%\ld no d\bt f9d t ,adam & ,eve _h _!   
jokes ab\t ! apples--x is univ]sally    
assum$ t !y 7 apples--on t =bidd5 tree1 
& t !y 7 q z good z any jokes t h be5   

made ab\t ^? same apples 9 m rec5t ye>s4
 ,! masons & bricklay]s on ! t[] (      
,babel no d\bt pok$ _! ?umbs into ea*   
o!r's ribs & slapp$ ea* o!r on ! back to
 emphasize _! rude jokes ab\t ! late wet
 spell1 & wond]$ h[ long x w\ld take to 
get to ,heav5 ) _! build+4 ,& we imag9e 
t ev5 dur+ ! flood itself !re 7 sangu9e 
s\ls :o took ! :ole matt]               
philosophically1 decl>+ t 'x nev] ra9$  
long :5 ! cl\ds look$ t way & ! w9d 0 9 
t direction4' ,! ,israelites1 we        
suspect1 light5$ _! bondage 9 ,egypt by 
mimick+ ! pomp\s mann]s ( _! hat$       
taskma/]s & ridicul+ ! fools :o ?\ght t 
bricks c\ld be made )\t /raw4 ,& !      
grimme/ ,egyptian mummy t n[ graces a   
museum or helps to f]tilize !           
:eat-fields ( ! ,we/ once wore a smile  
or gr9 ^u 8 lea!rn face z he relat$ to a
 bro!r mummy h[ ,ph>oah made sport ( !  
,israelites by promis+ to let !m g1 & !n
 :5 !y 7 all on tip-toe ) expectation1  
c\nt]m&+ ! ord]4 ,!n !y w\ld bo? %ake _!
 heads & *uckle ) delight ov] ! pleasant

 humor ( _! mon>* & decl>e t ',ph>oah 0 
9 high spirits to-day4' ,?us ! _w has   
roll$ & *irrup$ & cackl$ on s9ce ! "t :5
 man em]g$ f ! animal4 ,& ,holmes       
sugge/s1 9 our motto1 t ! s5se ( humor 0
 9 ! animal be=e man4   ,i4  ,sometimes 
! humor ( ! ,bible lies 9 ! ?+          
describ$1--! odd or awkw>d or absurd ?+ 
said or done4  ,! ,iliad1 says ,sidney  
,smi?1 w\ld nev] h come d[n to ^! times1
 if ,agamemnon _h giv5 ,a*illes a box on
 ! e>4 ,we %\ld h trembl$ = ! ,a,eneid1 
if "s ,trojan nobleman _h kick$ ! pi\s  
,a,eneas 9 ! f\r? book4 ,a,eneas1 may h 
des]v$ x1 b he nev] c\ld h f\nd$ !      
,roman ,empire aft] s di/ress+ an       
accid5t4 ,& yet accid5ts q z di/ress+1  
if n ( precisely ! same nature1 h happ5$
 9 ! be/ families t ev] liv$ ^u ?is     
planet4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,bible h n        
hesitat$ to give u a v frank acc\nt ( "s
 ( !m4  ,imag9e ! vacant look ( !       
t]rifi$ ,a>on1 z he gave 8 imbecile     
explanation ( ! gold5 calf6 ,moses &    
,jo%ua are com+ d[n f ! m\nta94 ,& :5   

,jo%ua he>d ! noise ( ! p z !y %\t$1 he 
said unto ,moses1 ,!re is a noise ( w> 9
 ! camp4 ,& ,moses answ]$1 ,x is n !    
voice ( !m t %\t = ma/]y1 nei!r is x !  
voice ( !m t cry = be+ ov]come2 b !     
noise ( !m t s+ d ,i he>4 ,soon !y draw 
ne> ! camp & see ! calf & ! danc+4 ,!n  
does ! ang] ( ,moses wax hot4 ,9 8 rage 
he fl+s d[n & %att]s ! tables ( /one4 ,l
 a :irlw9d he desc5ds ^u ! camp1 hurls !
 mis]able calf into ! fire1 & dem&s an  
explanation ( 8 recreant bro!r4 ,:at did
 ?is p unto !e t ?\ ha/ br\ght s great a
 s9 ^u !m8 ,a>on quails b5ea? ! wra? (  
,moses & /amm]s3 ,?\ kn[e/ ! p t !y are 
set on mis*ief4 ,= !y said unto me1     
,make u gods :i* %all g be=e u3 = z =   
?is ,moses--?9k ( t1 ?is ,moses--t      
br\ght u up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 we "k n
 :at has become ( him4 ,y see !y are set
 on mis*ief2 !y 7 disrespectful ev5 unto
 y--?is ,moses4 ,some?+ _h to be done4  
,& ,i said unto !m1 ,:osoev] ha? any    
gold1 let !m break x (f4 ,s !y gave x to
 me1 & ,i ca/ x into ! fire1 &--:at d y 

suppose happ5$8--!re came out ?is calf6 
,i 0 z mu* surpris$ z y are1 b no "o is 
responsible--x did itself6  ,9 qua9t    
fa%ion did ,saul make hone/ confession  
:5 smitt5 ) remorse on acc\nt ( 8       
p]secution ( ,david3 ,behold ,i h play$ 
! fool6 ,! regret ( ,pr9ce ,hal         
also--,?us d we play ! fools ) "t1 :ile 
! spirits ( ! wise sit 9 ! cl\ds & mock 
u4  ,:at an odd--almo/                  
laughable--spectacle is ! bomba/ic      
,nebu*adnezz>1 "o mom5t pr\dly /rid+    
along ! battlem5ts ( 8 palace1 ,is n ?is
 great ,babylon :i* ,i h build$8--! next
 eat+ grass l ! bea/s ( ! field6 ,z     
,c>lyle says3 ,a purple ,nebu*adnezz>   
rejoices to feel himself n[ v]itably    
emp]or ( ?is great ,babylon :i* he has  
build$2 & is a nondescript1             
bip$-quadrup$1 on ! eve ( a sev5 ye>s'  
c\rse ( graz+4  ,!re is a sc5e 9 ! life 
( ,david 9 :i* t wor?y is repres5t$ z   
cutt+ fanta/ic cap]s be=e high heav54   
,at "o "t1 9 ord] to keep out ( ,saul's 
way1 ,david w5t d[n to ,ga?4 ,! s]vants 

( ,k+ ,a*i% recognize him1 & tell _!    
royal ma/] t ?is is ! fam\s ,david ov]  
^: exploits ! daught]s ( ,israel sang4  
,is n ?is ,david1 ! k+ ( ! l&8 ,did !y n
 s+ to "o ano!r ( him 9 dances1 say+1   
,saul ha? sla9 8 ?\s&s1 & ,david 8 t5   
?\s&s8 ,b ,david does n wi% 8 id5tity   
kn[n & ) *>act]i/ic %rewdness he feigns 
insanity4 ,he feign$ himself mad1 &     
scrabbl$ on ! doors ( ! gate & let 8    
spittle fall d[n ^u 8 be>d1--a sorry    
look+ h]o6 ,s ?9ks ! k+ ,a*i%4 ,:at1 ?is
 ! man t slew ! giant8 ?is drivell+     
lunatic ! victor t ,israel's daught]s   
prais$8 ,8 disgu/ kn[s no b\nds4 ,he is 
almo/ z grotesque 9 8 ang] z is ,david 9
 8 appe>ance & conduct4 ,he turns ^u 8  
c\rti]s 9 (f5d$ dignity & cries1 ,lo1 ye
 see ! man is mad2 :]e=e h ye br\ght him
 to me8 ,h ,i ne$ ( madm51 7are n ye my 
own s]vants suffici5t87 t ye h br\ght   
?is fell[ to play ! madman 9 my pres5ce8
 ,%all ?is fell[ come into my h\se8     
,fool me no fools1 says ,k+ ,a*i%4 ,:5  
,k+ ,a*i% ask$1 ,h ,i ne$ ( madm58 he   

evid5tly ?\ght ( 8 own s]vants & c\rti]s
 z did ,*ri/ian ,i41 ( ,d5m>k1 9 mod]n  
times1 ( ^? :o grac$ 8 ,c\rt4 ,he %>ply 
rem>k$1 on a pres5tation to him ( sev]al
 c\rt fools1 t he 0 n 9 want ( su* ?+s1 
& if he 71 he _h only to give lic5se to 
8 c\rti]s1 :o1 to 8 c]ta9 k1 7 capable (
 exhibit+ !mselves z ! greate/ fools 9  
,europe6  ,9 ,nehemiah's acc\nt ( build+
 ! walls ( ,j]usalem1 he %[s h[ sorely !
 ,jews took ! clumsy jibes ( _! foes &  
gives u a specim5 ( ,sam>itan jok+ 9 t  
e>ly day4 ,sanballat mock$ ! ,jews &    
said1 ,:at d ^! feeble ,jews8 ,w !y     
=tify !mselves8 ,w !y sacrifice8 ,w !y  
make an end 9 a day8 ,w !y revive !     
/ones out ( ! heaps ( rubbi% :i* are    
burn$8 ,tobiah1 ! ,amorite1 0 yet m     
cau/ic3 ,ev5 t :i* !y build1 if a fox g 
up1 he w ev5 break d[n _! /one wall4    
,?is ridicule1 al?\gh ! je/s d n seem v 
=midable to u1 0 h>d] to be> ?an attacks
 ) sword & spe>4 ,x is s to-day4 ,we c  
/& any?+ b laught]4 ,"o w\ld r be made  
to appe> infam\s ?an ridicul\s4 ,! only 

answ] ! build]s c\ld make 0 to pray = ! 
de/ruction ( _! s>ca/ic p]secutors4 ,!y 
wi%$ t heav5's bolts ( lightn+ might    
answ] ^! bolts ( wit4   ,,ii4           
,sometimes ! humor lies 9 ! description 
itself r ?an 9 ! ?+ describ$4 ,dr4      
,b>r[1 9 8 fam\s essay1 says (          
faceti\sness1 ,sometimes x is wrapp$ up 
9 a dress ( humor\s expression4  ,an    
excell5t example is furni%$ 9 ! acc\nt (
 ! mob at ,ephesus3 ,"s1 !re=e1 cri$ "o 
?+ & "s ano!r2 = ! assembly 0 confus$2 &
 ! m "p knew n :]e=e !y 7 come toge!r4  
,:5 ,sidney ,smi? speaks ( di/ress+     
accid5ts1 we are rem9d$ t an exce$+ly   
di/ress+ accid5t happ5$ 9 ! v fir/      
family ( :i* we h any record--! family t
 />t$ 9 ,ed54 ,aside f any "q z to !    
lit]al tru? ( ! /ory1 no?+ c exce$ !    
simplicity & naturalness ) :i* ! writ]  
has describ$ ! culprits & _! excuses4 ,!
 fir/ ?+ !y did aft] _! transgression 0 
to hide4 ,! supreme & p]petual folly (  
guilt is to imag9e t x c be hid :5 !    
voice ( ! ,"l ,god is he>d 9 ! g>d54 ,& 

! ,"l ,god call$ unto ,adam1 & said unto
 him1 ,:]e art ?\8 ,! culprit creeps =? 
f 8 hid+-place & /amm]s1 ,i he>d ?y     
voice 9 ! g>d51 & ,i 0 afraid because ,i
 0 nak$2 & ,i hid myself4 ,:o told !e t 
?\ wa/ nak$8 ,ha/ ?\ eat5 ( ! tree :]e( 
,i comm&$ !e t ?\ %\ld/ n eat8 ,n[ !    
guilty secret is out & ,adam pleads 9   
ext5uation1 ,! woman t ?\ gave/ to be ) 
me1 %e gave me ( ! tree & ,i did eat4 ,x
 0 no fault ( m9e4 ,t woman 0 to        
blame--! woman1 ,o ,"l1 rememb]1 t ?\   
gave/ to be ) me4 ,is n a little ( !    
responsibility ?9e also1 ,o ,"l8 ,a t\* 
( nature6 ,z x 0 9 ! beg9n+1 is n[ & ev]
 %all be6 ,b ,eve w n be> all ! blame4  
,%e also is ready ) h] excuse3 ,! s]p5t 
beguil$ me & ,i did eat4 ,ano!r remove 9
 ! location ( ! responsibility4 ,if we c
 =get all t !ology has put into ?is /ory
 & look on x simply z a bit ( lit]ature1
 x is a *>m+ description ( ! way 9 :i*  
we mortals disclaim acc\ntability = our 
de$s4      ,& (t5times excus+ ( a fault1
     ,do? make ! fault worse by !       

excuse2     ,z pat*es set ^u a little   
brea*1     ,discr$it m 9 hid+ ( ! fault1
     ,!n did ! fault be=e x 0 s pat*$4  
,job has express$ 8 contempt = ,adam's  
conduct 9 ,ed5 by invok+ ^u himself ev5 
great] ills ?an he 0 !n suff]+1 if he   
foll[$ t disgraceful example1--,if ,i   
cov]$ my transgression z ,adam1 by hid+ 
my iniquity 9 my bosom4 ,9 magnific5t   
scorn ( ,adam's hid+ f ! ,"l & lay+ 8   
guilt ^u ano!r1 ,job exclaims1 ,behold1 
my desire is t ! ,almighty w\ld answ]   
me6 & av[s t he w\ld decl>e unto him !  
numb] ( 8 /eps1 & z a pr9ce w\ld g ne>  
unto him1--n skulk away f 8 pres5ce     
among trees & bu%es4 ,! l[ e/imation 9  
:i* ,job holds ,adam sugge/s t ! old    
,hebrew :o wrote ! /ory 9 ,g5esis1 may h
 int5d$ to hold up t primal man 9 a     
humor\s light4  ,:e!r ! /ory ( ,balaam  
is lit]ally correct 9 its details is "o 
( ! que/ions ?is little volume is n     
int5d$ to discuss4 ,! writ] ( t /ory    
tells 8 tale z naively z if conv]sations
 betwe5 m5 & animals 7 ( ev]yday        

occurr5ce4 ,if we read x z we w\ld any  
simil> piece1 any o!r fable 9 :i* m5 &  
bea/s speak to ea* o!r1 we %\ld say t   
!re 7 "s elem5ts ( ! ludicr\s 9 !       
picture ( ! prophet rebuk$ by 8 ass4 ,& 
! ass saw ! angel ( ! ,"l /&+ 9 ! way1 &
 8 sword drawn 9 8 h&2 & ! ass turn$    
aside out ( ! way & w5t into ! field4 ,&
 ,balaam smote ! ass to turn h] into !  
way4 ,j :at any "o w\ld d to a %y+      
animal1 ^u impulse4 ,b ! angel ( ! ,"l  
/ood 9 a pa? ( ! v9ey>ds1 a wall be+ on 
?is side & a wall on t side4 ,& :5 ! ass
 saw ! angel ( ! ,"l1 %e ?ru/ h]self    
unto ! wall & cru%$ ,balaam's foot aga9/
 ! wall2 & he smote h] aga94 ,naturally 
en\gh6 ,& ! angel ( ! ,"l w5t fur!r &   
/ood 9 a n>r[ place :]e !re 0 no way to 
turn ei!r to ! "r h& or to ! left4 ,& :5
 ! ass saw ! angel ( ! ,"l1 %e fell d[n 
"u ,balaam2 & ,balaam's ang] 0 k9dl$1 & 
he smote ! ass ) a /aff4 ,! ris+ wra? ( 
! prophet c no long] be controll$4 ,!   
turn+ f ! way1 ! cru%+ ( 8 foot aga9/ ! 
wall1 & f9ally ! fall+ d[n "u him &     

refus+ to proce$ fur!r1--^! indignities 
on ! "p ( ! ass at l5g? exasp]ate !     
prophet beyond all measure1 & he "r     
lu/ily lays on ! cudgel4 ,:at h ,i done 
unto !e t ?\ ha/ smitt5 me ^! ?ree      
times8 meekly inquires ! belabor$ ass4  
,because ?\ ha/ mock$ me1 ,i w\ld t !re 
7 a sword 9 my h&1 = n[ ,i w\ld kill !e1
 ro>s ,balaam4 ,?\ ha/ mock$ me2 ?\ ha/ 
play$ tricks ^u ?y ma/]1 ! prophet (    
,god4 ,?\ ha/ done ?is on purpose to vex
 me & put me to %ame4 ,?\ ha/ made a    
sorry spectacle ( me ) ?y pranks1 & ?\  
ha/ cru%$ my foot 9 ! b>ga94 ,am ,i n   
?9e ass ^u :i* ?\ ha/ ridd5 ev] s9ce ,i 
0 ?9e unto ?is day8 ,0 ,i ev] wont to d 
s unto !e8 ,%\ld y n h kn[n !re 0 some?+
 unusual8 ,^! are t\*es ( nature 9 a    
/ory :i* might illu/rate ! say+ (       
,isaiah 9 :i* he attributes high] wisdom
 to brutes ?an to m53 ,! ox kn[e? 8 own]
 & ! ass 8 ma/]'s crib1 b ,israel do? n 
"k1 my p w n consid]4 ,0 x ?is say+ t   
,%akespe>e _h 9 m9d :5 he said1 ?r\gh ! 
lips ( ,m>k ,antony3      ,o judgm5t1 ?\

 art fl$ to bruti% bea/s1     ,& m5 h   
lo/ _! reason4  ,at "o "t ! k+ (        
,assyria br\ght m5 f ,babylon & o!r     
cities1 & put !m into ! cities ( ,sam>ia
 to take ! places ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel2 
b ! new inhabitants did n fe> ! ,"l1 s !
 writ] tells u t ! ,"l s5t lions among  
!m & slew !m4 ,"s "o spoke to ! k+ (    
,assyria1 say+1 ,! nations :i* ?\ ha/   
mov$ & plac$ 9 ! cities ( ,sam>ia "k n !
 mann] ( ! ,god ( ! l&4 ,!y are n       
acqua9t$ ) 8 habits & me?ods1 & h gott5 
!mselves into great tr\ble4 ,! ,god ( ! 
l& has s5t lions among !m4 ,! k+1 he>+  
?is1 is 9 great dismay4 ,x w nev] d--!  
ravages ( ^? lions mu/ be /opp$4 ,he    
evid5tly ?\ght1 z did ,nick ,bottom1    
,!re is no m fe>ful wild-f[l ?an y\r    
lion liv+1 & we ought to look to x4 ,!n 
! k+ ( ,assyria comm&$1 say+1 ,c>ry ?i!r
 "o ( ! prie/s :om ye br\ght f !nce1 &  
let him g !re & dwell & tea* !m ! mann] 
( ! ,god ( ! l&4 ,! prie/ w5t & taught !
 un9itiat$ p n to provoke a ,god :o c\ld
 let hungry lions loose ^u !m at any    

mom5t4 ,! p li/5$ 9 t]ror4 ,! result ( !
 in/ruction 0 t ! p fe>$ ! ,"l1--) a    
side glance at ! lions4 ,!y tri$ to     
refra9 f :at w\ld make him angry en\gh  
to ord] out ! lions b aft] all--& !re   
mu/ h be5 a tw9kle 9 ! eye ( ! scribe z 
he record$ x--!y s]v$ _! own gods4  ,:5 
,que5 ,va%ti refus$ to come into !      
pres5ce ( ,k+ ,ahasu]us & 8 drunk5      
lords1 %e did some?+ t 0 :olly          
unprec$5t$4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d _h ev] be=e   
be5 he>d ( 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! empire4  
,! revell]s are %ock$ sob]4 ,con/]nation
 reigns supreme4 ,:5 did a que5 ev]     
refuse to d ! bidd+ ( a k+8 a wife !    
bidd+ ( a husb&8 ,are all our anci5t    
notions ( propriety to be ov]turn$8 ,:at
 w be ! effect ( ,va%ti's rebellion8 ,! 
feel+s ( ! k+ are outrag$ because ! que5
 decl9es to unveil h] beauty be=e 8     
roi/]+ c\rti]s4 ,enrag$1 he dem&s1 ,:at 
%all be done unto ,que5 ,va%ti because  
%e ha? n p]=m$ ! comm&m5t ( ! ,k+       
,ahasu]us8 ,x is a grave "q4 ,! lords   
!mselves h a /ake 9 ?is matt]4 ,!y fe> !

 result ( ?is /rong-m9d$ example4 ,!    
contagion ( disob$i5ce may spread4 ,if x
 %\ld1 ^: au?ority z husb& is safe8 ,&  
,memucan answ]$1 ,va%ti1 ! que51 ha? n  
done wrong to ! k+ only1 b also to all !
 pr9ces1 & to all ! p t are 9 ! prov9ce 
( ! ,k+ ,ahasu]us4 ,= ?is de$ ( ,que5   
,va%ti's %all come abroad to all wom51  
to make _! husb&s contemptible 9 _!     
eyes1 :5 x %all be report$ t ! ,k+      
,ahasu]us comm&$ ,va%ti ! que5 to be    
br\ght 9 be=e him1 b %e came n4 ,& ?is  
day %all all ! pr9cesses ( ,p]sia &     
,m$ia :i* h he>d ( ! de$ ( ! que51 say !
 l unto all ! k+'s pr9ces4 ,s %all !re  
arise too mu* contempt & wra?4 ,su* a   
?\ght c\ld n be ent]ta9$4 ,z ,dogb]ry   
w\ld put x1 ,x is mo/ tol]able & n to be
 endur$4 ,memucan1 !re=e1 advises3 ,if x
 please ! k+ let !re g a royal comm&m5t 
f him1 & let x be writt5 among ! laws ( 
! ,p]sians & ,m$es1 t x be n alt]$1 t   
,va%ti come no m be=e ,k+ ,ahasu]us2 &  
let ! k+ give h] royal e/ate unto ano!r 
t is bett] ?an %e4 ,! p5alty is sev]e1 b

 ! case is "o t dem&s h]oic treatm5t4 ,&
 :5 ! k+'s decree :i* he %all make1 %all
 be publi%$ ?r\gh\t all 8 empire1 all ! 
wives %all give to _! husb&s honor1 bo? 
great & small4 ,! advice is accept$4 ,! 
say+ pleas$ ! k+ & ! pr9ces2 & ! k+ did 
accord+ to ! ^w ( ,memucan2 = he s5t    
lett]s into all ! k+'s prov9ces1 into e 
prov9ce accord+ to ! writ+ !re(1 to e p 
aft] _! language1 t e man %\ld be> rule 
9 8 own h\se4 ,?us p]i%$ ! fir/ record$ 
movem5t 9 ! direction ( woman's rights6 
,,iii4  ,! humor ( ! ,biblical writ]s is
 (t5 %[n 9 ! way !y pi]ce ?r\gh outw>d  
actions & p5etrate to ! hidd5 motives ( 
m54 ,be=e _! ke5 vision ext]nal         
disguises are va94  ,let u turn to !    
acc\nt ( s5d+ ! demons f ! maniac into !
 sw9e4 ,let u take ! acc\nt t speaks ( b
 "o maniac4 ,!n !y t f$ ! sw9e fl$ &    
told x 9 ! city & 9 ! c\ntry4 ,& !y w5t 
out to see :at x 0 t 0 done4 ,& !y came 
to ,jesus & see him t 0 possess$ ( !    
devil & _h ! legion1 sitt+ clo!d & 9 8  
"r m9d2 & !y 7 afraid4 ,x mu/ h seem$   

absurd to ! evangeli/ t ^! ,gad>5es %\ld
 h be5 afraid ( ! insane man aft] he _h 
be5 re/or$4 ,b ! sw9eh]ds h n yet told  
all _! /ory4 ,& :5 !y t saw x told !m h[
 x befell to him t 0 possess$ ) ! devils
 & also conc]n+ ! sw9e-- ,aye1 !re's !  
rub6 :5 !y he>d t1 !y began to pray him 
to dep>t out ( _! coa/s4 ,a man has be5 
re/or$1 b a h]d ( sw9e has be5 lo/4 ,?is
 new prophet w ru9 u all1 if he /ays "h4
 ,let him begone4 ,?\gh he sav$ m51 !y  
pray$ him to dep>t because he let ! sw9e
 be dr[n$4 ,jesus himself said once t e 
man 0 ( m value ?an _m sp>r[s2 b ^!     
,gad>5es seem$ to ?9k t no man 0 wor?   
two ?\s& sw9e4  ,9 ! prec$+ section (   
?is *apt]1 ,paul's description ( a mob  
is not$4 ,x w be int]e/+ to und]/& !    
occasion ( t mob4 ,:5 ,paul prea*$ at   
,ephesus1 !re 0 a m>k$ decl9e 9 ! dem& =
 images & silv] %r9es ( ,diana4 ,! m>ket
 became weak4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal          
manufactur]s1 ,demetrius1 call$ toge!r  
all :o 7 9 ! same bus9ess & said3 ,sirs1
 ye "k t by ?is craft we h our weal?4   

,moreov]1 ye see & he> t n alone 9      
,ephesus1 b almo/ ?r\gh\t all ,asia1 ?is
 ,paul ha? p]suad$ & turn$ away mu* p1  
say+ t !re be no gods :i* are made )    
h&s3 s t n only ?is our craft is 9 dang]
 to be set at naught1 b t ! temple ( !  
great goddess ,diana %\ld be despis$ &  
h] magnific5ce %\ld be de/roy$1 :om all 
,asia & ! _w wor%ippe?6 ,demetrius1 !   
unctu\s hypocrite1 seems to ?r[ ! real  
consid]ation into ! backgr\nd1 & to be  
actuat$ ma9ly by conc]n = ! honor ( 8   
goddess4 ,ah1 ,demetrius1 ,demetrius1   
little d y1 little d y\r fell[ craftsm5 
c>e = ,diana & h] wor%ip1 except z y get
 y\r ga9 ?r\gh h] devotees4 ,b make ! p 
?9k y are full ( zeal = religion1 & "u !
 mantle ( ?is falsehood cloak y\r       
motives1 z y ru% ?r\gh ! /reets cry+1   
,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians6 ,r\se !
 populace1 always ripe = mis*ief1 &     
always m furi\s ?an ev] :5 !y ?9k t     
religion1 some?+ ( :i* !y d n und]/& !  
fir/ lett]1 & ( :i* !y are absolutely   
de/itute1 is 9 dang]4 ,r\se ! p1 make a 

pi\s demon/ration1 ,o ,demetrius1 b "k t
 he :o record$ x all = future ages1     
wrote d[n y\r inmo/ secret--,by ?is     
craft we h our weal?6  ,ano!r in/ance ( 
hypocrisy simil> to t ( ,demetrius1     
occurr$ at ,philippi4 ,paul & 8 comrades
 _h spoil$ ! bus9ess ( c]ta9 ones :o _h 
9 *>ge a damsel :o utt]$ prophecies &   
told =tunes1 by ca/+ out h] _s (        
div9ation4 ,& :5 h] ma/]s saw t ! hope (
 _! ga9s 0 gone1 !y caught ,paul &      
,silas & drew !m into ! m>ket-place unto
 ! rul]s1 & br\ght !m to ! magi/rate1   
say+1 ,^! m5 be+ ,jews d exce$+ tr\ble  
our city1 & tea* cu/oms :i* are n lawful
 = u to obs]ve1 be+ ,romans4 ,x is      
patriotism t furni%es ! cloak 9 ?is     
case4 ,no allusion to _! loss (         
money--surely n2 :at matt]s t8 ,he :o   
/eals my purse /eals tra%4 ,b we mu/ d  
our duty by our fell[-citiz5s4 ,we mu/ n
 let ^! ,jewi% notions corrupt our      
civilization4 ,we are loyal ,romans1 let
 all ! _w "k6 ,is !re n some?+ 9 ?is    
incid5t to sugge/ ! tru?fulness ( ,dr4  

,johnson's rem>k1 ,patriotism is ! la/  
refuge ( a sc\ndrel8  ,! result ( !     
upro> 0 t ! apo/les 7 beat5 & ca/ into  
prison4 ,someh[ x 0 soon discov]$ t !y  
!mselves 7 ,roman citiz5s1 & :5 x 0 day1
 ! magi/rates s5t ! s]geants1 say+1 ,let
 ^! m5 g4 ,& ! keep] ( ! prison told ?is
 say+ to ,paul1 ,! magi/rates h s5t to  
let y g2 n[1 !re=e1 dep>t & g 9 peace4  
,x is n[ ,paul's turn to be indignant1 &
 he is n ! man to let ! opportunity     
slip4 ,paul insi/$1 z he _h a "r to d1  
^u 8 dignity z a ,roman citiz54 ,he     
t>tly repli$1 ,!y h tak5 u op5ly1       
uncondemn$1 be+ ,romans1 & h ca/ u into 
prison2 & d !y n[ ?ru/ u out privily8   
,nay1 v]ily2 b let !m come !mselves &   
fet* u4 ,a t\* ( nature !re6 ,& !y came 
7meekly en\gh n[1 ^? pomp\s magi/rates7 
& br\ght !m out4  ,a man :o nev] lack$  
c\rage 0 ,paul4 ,x _h be5 told him t !re
 7 c]ta9 ones among ! ,cor9?ians :o _h  
respect = 8 lett]s1 b some?+ bord]+ on  
contempt = 8 p]son4 ,= 8 lett]s1 !y say1
 are weighty & p[]ful1 b 8 bodily       

pres5ce is weak & 8 spee* contemptible4 
,?is is 8 answ]3 ,let su* an "o ?9k ?is1
 t su* z we are 9 ^w by lett]s1 :5 we   
are abs5t1 su* w we be also 9 de$1 :5 we
 are pres5t4 ,let ^? sc(f]s look to     
!mselves6  ,9 light] & almo/ playful    
ve91 is 8 rem>k ab\t ! *ur* at ,cor9?1 9
 8 second lett]3 ,truly ! signs ( an    
apo/le 7 wr\ght among y 9 all pati5ce1 9
 signs & wond]s & mighty de$s4 ,& yet   
!re 0 "o po9t 9 :i* ! ,cor9?ian *ur* 0  
inf]ior to o!rs3 ,= :at is x :]e9 ye 7  
inf]ior to o!r *ur*es1 except x be t ,i 
myself 0 n burd5some unto y8 ,paul _h   
all[$ ! o!r *ur*es ) :i* he labor$ to   
support him1 b to ! ,cor9?ian *ur* he _h
 n accord$ ! same privilege4 ,he _h     
favor$ x ) no opportunity = b5evol5ce4  
,=give me1 he exclaims1 ?is wrong4      
,paul relates t on "o occasion he _h a  
dispute ) ,pet] at ,antio*1 9 :i* he    
)/ood ,pet] to ! face1 because ,pet] 0  
to blame4 ,x is to be d\bt$ :e!r ,pet]  
ev] q =got ?is dispute4 ,! memory ( x   
may h l+]$ & be5 p>ticul>ly active :5 he

 ref]r$ 9 "o ( 8 own lett]s to our      
belov$ bro!r ,paul :o1 accord+ to !     
wisdom giv5 unto him1 ha? writt5 unto y2
 z also 9 all 8 epi/les speak+ ( ^! ?+s2
 9 :i* are "s ?+s h>d to be und]/ood1   
:i* !y t are un/able & unle>n$ d wre/1 z
 !y d also ! o!r ,scriptures1 7pray d n 
?9k t ,i am mak+ bro!r ,paul's writ+s an
 exception7 to _! own de/ruction4  ,!re 
is ano!r phase ( ?is g5]al subject t is 
res]v$ = sep>ate treatm5t 9 ! foll[+    
*apt]4 ,we pause "h to say t ! p (      
,bible times h be5 remov$ f ! p ( to-day
 by a *asm too wide & deep4 ,we h be5   
accu/om$ to look ^u !m z belong+ to     
ano!r race--almo/ to ano!r _w4 ,x is    
difficult to believe t !y 7 m5 ( l      
passions ) ourselves4 ,x seems almo/ l  
sacrilege to intimate t !y _h _! follies
 & weaknesses2 t !y did ?+s absurd &    
laughable1 & sometimes w5t f>!r & did   
?+s t 7 mean & wick$4 ,!re 0 a va/ deal 
( human nature 9 ^? sublime *>act]s4    
,gail ,hamilton sums !m up z foll[s3    
,adam _h dom9ion ov] ! e>?1 b he        

attempt$ to %ield himself f ! div9e     
displeasure by lay+ ! blame ^u 8 wife1  
:i* no g5tleman w\ld ev] d4 ,noah 0 a 'j
 man & p]fect 9 8 g5]ation1' if y d n   
m9d an occasional fit ( drunk5ness4     
,abraham 0 a f9e old %eik1 a truly h]oic
 figure1 brave1 g5]\s1 c\rte\s1         
hospitable1 magnanim\s2 no wond] !      
haughty ,jews lov$ to rememb] & repeat t
 !y 7 ,abraham's *ildr54 ,b ,abraham _h 
8 weaknesses & fell be=e 8 temptations2 
& ,isaac foll[$ 9 8 foot/eps4 ,( ,jacob 
p]haps ! lea/ said ! bett]1 ?\gh he     
ma9ta9$ 8 position z head ( 8 family )  
unrel5t+ vigor1 call+ no man ma/]1 ei!r 
son or k+4 ,!re may h be5 o!r m5 ^: life
 0 ')\t fe> & )\t reproa*'2 b _! hi/ory 
is unkn[n to u2 _! portrait is h>dly m  
?an a "n4     ,,iv4 ,,! ,,s5se ,,(      
,,humor ,,9 ,,jesus4   ,:5 a *ild1 )    
*ild-l appreh5sions t div$ n b5ea? !    
surface ( ! matt]1 ,i read ^? p>ables--n
 guess+ ! involv$ wisdom--,i _h m ye>n+s
 t[>d t simple ar*itect t built 8 h\se  
^u ! s&1 ?an ,i ent]ta9$ = 8 m cauti\s  

neighbor2 ,i grudg$ at ! h>% c5sure     
pron\nc$ ^u ! quiet s\l t kept 8 tal5t2 
& priz+ _! simplicity beyond ! m        
provid5t1 & to my appreh5sion1 some:at  
unfem99e w>9ess ( _! competitors1 ,i    
felt a k9dness t am\nt$ almo/ to a t5dre
 = ^? ?\ghtless virg9s4 ,i h nev] made  
an acqua9tance s9ce t la/$1 or a        
fri5d%ip t answ]$1 ) any t _h n "s      
t9cture ( ! absurd 9 _! *>act]s4--,*>les
 ,lamb4     ,,! ,,s5se ,,( ,,humor ,,9  
,,jesus4      ,amid ! sorr[1            
disappo9tm5t1 agony1 & angui% ( !       
_w1--our d>k ?\ghts & tempe/u\s         
passions1 ! gloomy     exagg]ations (   
self w1 ! enfeebl+ illusions (          
melan*oly1--wit & humor1 light &        
lightn+1 %$ _! s(t     radiance & d>t _!
 electric fla%4--,:ipple4   ,h[ curi\s x
 is1 says ! ,autocrat ( ! ,breakfa/     
,table1 t we always consid] solemnity1 &
 ! abs5ce ( all gay surprises & enc\nt]s
 ( wits1 z ess5tial to ! idea ( ! future
 life ( ^? :om we ?us deprive ( half _! 
faculties & !n call bless$6 ,!re are n a

 few :o1 ev5 9 ?is life1 seem to be     
prep>+ !mselves = t smileless et]nity by
 bani%+ all gayety f _! he>ts & all     
joy\sness f _! c\nt5ances4 ,r ?an       
believe 9 ! smileless et]nity ( su* z   
^!1 we %\ld accept ! conjecture ( ,soame
 ,j5n+s1 t a portion ( ! happ9ess (     
s]aphim & j m5 made p]fect w\ld be d]iv$
 f an exquisite p]ception ( ! ludicr\s4 
,to t s*ool ( melan*oly tea*]s :o fr[n  
^u all pleasantry1 & buttress _! gloomy 
position ) ! ass]tion t ,jesus wept b   
nev] smil$1 ! title ( ?is *apt] w be    
p>ticul>ly (f5sive4 ,x w /rike !m z     
d[nright blasphemy to intimate t ,jesus 
possess$ & us$ ! s5se ( humor s common  
to mank9d4 ,we assur$ly appreciate !    
delicacy ( ! position1 & %all endeavor  
to avoid1 9 our treatm5t ( ?is subject1 
any?+ t might w\nd ! mo/ s5sitive s\l4  
,!re are sev]al consid]ations t w pave !
 way4 ,we take x = grant$ t ,jesus 0 a  
complete human be+1 & t z su* a be+ he  
mu/ h _h all ! human attributes &       
faculties1--! faculty ( mir?fulness     

among !m4 ,he 0 a man1 & lack$ no?+ t   
p]ta9s to m54 ,!n1 too1 _h he be5 )\t ! 
s5se ( humor1 mu* 9 ! lives & *>act]s ( 
^? ) :om he _h to deal1 he nev] c\ld h  
und]/ood & rea*$4 ,! full success ( 8   
mission dep5d$ ^u 8 kn[+ all t !re is 9 
man1 & ^u be+ able to ga9 access to him 
?r\gh e av5ue ( 8 nature4  ,nor 7 !     
circum/ances ( 8 life unfavorable to !  
developm5t ( ?is p>ticul> attribute4    
,!ology & ,art h conspir$ to produce ^u 
! _w ! impression t ,jesus 0 an         
exceptionally wret*$ & suff]+ man4 ,!y h
 tak5 "o or two expressions 9 ,isaiah1  
su* z1 8 c\nt5ance 0 m>r$1 he 0 a man ( 
sorr[s & acqua9t$ ) grief1 expressions  
:i* !y misund]/ood & misappli$1 & ) !m h
 laid ! f\ndations ( _! h\se ( woe4 ,!y 
h seiz$ ^u a few ( ! sadd] incid5ts ( 8 
c>e]1 & h exagg]at$ !m into undue       
prom95ce1--h giv5 !m undue proportions4 
,especially h !y made mu* ( 8 agony 9 ! 
g>d5 & 8 dea? ^u ! cross4 ,^! ev5ts h   
be5 magnifi$ into su* m\nta9s t all !   
re/ ( 8 life seems to lie hidd5 b5ea? _!

 %ad[s4 ,x appe>s nev] to h ent]$ ! m9d 
( ei!r prea*] or pa9t] t ! physical     
angui% ( 8 dea? mu/ h be5 ev5 less ?an t
 :i* _m m>tyrs at ! /ake or m>tyrs ^u   
sickb$s h borne2 & t be=e dea? came1 he 
_h liv$ a life ) _m bright days & _m    
happy exp]i5ces4 ,8 exi/5ce ^u e>? 0 n a
 protract$ sorr[1 a monum5tal grief4 ,_m
 a rose _h blossom$ at 8 feet be=e !    
?orns 7 twi/$ into a cr[n = 8 br[4  ,:at
 %all we say ( ! ?irty peaceful ye>s "u 
8 fa!r's ro(1 ) 8 bro!rs & si/]s8 ,did  
he n 9 boyhood h ! amusem5ts ( o!r      
*ildr58 ,is !re n a mem5to ( 8 y\?ful   
sports 9 :at he says ( ! games ( !      
*ildr5 9 ! m>ketplace1 :5 !y 7 play+ at 
w$d+s & fun]als8 ,did he n1 :5 a "y man1
 delight 9 8 home & 9 8 companions8 ,c  
we imag9e t he mov$ among ^? :o 7 ne>e/ 
& de>e/ to him1 ) a face to :i* a smile 
0 z mu* a /rang] z a tropic fl[] to !   
froz5 zone8  ,:51 z a mature man1 he    
ent]$ ^u 8 public m9i/ry1 al?\gh he 0   
expos$ to frequ5t attacks f !           
repres5tatives ( ! e/abli%$ religion1   

yet he 0 nev] )\t fri5ds2 nev] )\t a    
place ( refuge f ! heat ( battle4 ,!re 7
 _m homes 9 :i* a welcome always await$ 
him1 & ^: hospitality he gladly accept$4
 ,is x probable t he 0 accu/om$ to sit 9
 ^! homes--to use ,%akespe>e's phrase--l
 8 gr&sire cut 9 alaba/]8  ,m ?an once  
we are directly told t he rejoic$ 9 _s2 
m ?an once he spoke ( 8 joy to 8        
disciples4 ,!re is mu* evid5ce t ,jesus 
0 n a wret*$ b a happy man4 ,did ?is    
happ9ess nev] express itself 9 words or 
c\nt5ance8  ,!re are o!r consid]ations t
 g f> to refute ! dismal ass]tion t     
,jesus wept b nev] smil$4 ,tir$ mo!rs   
br\ght _! *ildr5 to him & he rebuk$ !   
sup]cili\s disciples :o int]f]$4 ,c we  
?9k t on ?is occasion he _h a woe-begone
 look8 ,we read ( him (t5 at fea/s2 w\ld
 he h be5 invit$ if he _h be5 accu/om$  
to sit at ! table l ! skeleton at an    
,egyptian banquet8 ,did he n by 8       
frequ5t att5dance ^u fe/ive occasions   
incur ! odium ( be+ a w9e-bibb] & a     
glutton8 ,he 0 also a favorite ) !      

common p4 ,!y he>d him gladly4 ,b !re   
mu/ h be5 some?+ attractive 9 8 pres5ce 
& mann]1 z well z 9 8 words1 & ! words  
!mselves mu/ h appeal$ to ! %rewd1      
homely1 common s5se ( 8 he>]s4 ,if he _h
 be5 ! sad _s he has be5 pictur$1 w\ld !
 p h foll[$ him & li/5$ to him z !y did8
  ,:5 we leave ! outw>d circum/ances & !
 presumption !y furni%1 & exam9e !      
fragm5ts ( 8 spee* t h be5 pres]v$ = u1 
_m ( !m c]ta9ly conta9 ! elem5t ( humor4
 ,we %\ld und\bt$ly call x humor if x   
came f any o!r lips ?an ^? ( ,jesus2 if 
we f\nd x 9 any o!r book ?an ! ,new     
,te/am5t4  ,! purpose ( ?is *apt] w be  
grossly misappreh5d$1 h[ev]1 if any "o  
%all suppose t we are try+ to degrade   
,jesus to ! level ( a pr(essional jok]4 
,no?+ is fur!r f our int5tion4 ,! v     
?\ght is repulsive4 ,"o may h & use !   
s5se ( humor )\t putt+ on ! cap & bells4
 ,he may use x ) ! highe/ motives & = ! 
noble/ ends4 ,x 0 said ( ,hosea ,ball\1 
t x 0 no uncommon ?+ = him :5 prea*+ to 
excite a smile2 b usually x 0 done by "s

 +5i\s argum5t t w\ld electrify e "o    
pres5t4 ,8 biograph] adds3 ,x is n kn[n 
t any p]son ev] li/5$ to "o ( 8 s]mons  
:o 0 n s impress$ ) 8 s9c]ity1 dignity &
 e>ne/ness1 t ! recollection ( 8        
occasional humor\s say+s 0 held         
subsidi>y & helpful to 8 ma9 s]i\s      
purpose4 ,8 "m-wit 0 sanctifi$4 ,x s]v$ 
a div9e mission 9 diffus+ *e]fulness &  
heal?4 ,we mu/ always rememb] t wit &   
humor d n mean buffoon]y4  ,x is        
difficult to und]/& h[ any "o c read _m 
( ! p>ables & o!r say+s ( ,jesus1 & /ill
 believe ! doleful tale t he wept b nev]
 smil$4 ,he saw ! danc+ lights z well z 
! deep %ad[s1 ! m g5ial & ev5 ludicr\s  
aspects ( life1 z well z its v>i\s      
phases ( sorr[ & s91 & all ^! furni%$   
subjects = 8 disc\rse z well z          
illu/rations = 8 tea*+4  ,let u n[      
consid] "s ( ! ways 9 :i* ! s5se ( humor
 9 ,jesus manife/$ itself4   ,i4  ,!    
s5se ( humor (t5 temp]$ 8 rebukes4 ,!re 
0 (t5 sun%9e on ! cl\d4  ,!re 7 times1  
inde$1 z we %all see1 :5 he spoke )     

unmeasur$ sev]ity1 :5 8 words fell l    
fi]y hail1 beat+ & burn+ ! heads (      
(f5d]s2 b anon he spoke half smil+1 half
 pity+1 z if dispos$ to laugh at ! v    
inconsi/5cies he c5sur$4 ,9 ?is respect 
8 _s has be5 caught by ,addison &       
,goldsmi?1 by ,irv+ & ,dick5s4 ,ri*t]   
says t no "o has a "r to laugh at m5 b  
he :o mo/ he>tily loves !m4 ,ta9e says (
 ,dick5s1 ,be=e read+ him we did n "k   
!re 0 s mu* pity 9 ! he>t4 ,jesus lov$  
m51 he piti$ !m1 ev5 :ile 8 eye detect$ 
& 8 words expos$ _! faults & foibles4   
,he _h look$ ) pleasure 7rememb]+ 8 own 
*ildhood71 ^u ! games ( ! boys & girls 9
 ! /reets ( ,j]usalem2 he ?\ght ( _!    
:imsical compla9ts1 z !y play$ at w$d+s 
& fun]als 9 ! m>ket-place4 ,on "o       
occasion1 8 sev]ity mitigat$ by 8 s5se (
 ! ludicr\s1 he exclaim$1 ,:]eunto %all 
,i lik5 ?is g5]ation8 & to :at are !y l8
 ,!y are l unto *ildr5 sitt+ 9 !        
m>ket-places & call+ to "o ano!r & say+1
 ,we h pip$ unto y & ye h n danc$2 we h 
m\rn$ unto y & ye h n lam5t$4 ,ev]y?+ _h

 gone wrong4 ,! o!rs w\ld n play fair4  
,!y w\ld n dance :5 we want$ to play    
w$d+2 !y w\ld n be m\rn]s :5 we want$ to
 play fun]al4 ,we h done all we c\ld to 
please !m1 b !y are too mean = any?+4   
,to ! m9d ( ,jesus1 ! p ( t g5]ation    
appe>$ to be mak+ ! same compla9t4 ,!y 7
 *ildi%ly dissatisfi$ ) e div9e         
mess5g]1--none c\ld please !m4 ,= ,john 
! ,bapti/ came nei!r eat+ bread nor     
dr9k+ w9e1--solemn1 gloomy1 au/]e2 b !y 
w\ld h none ( him4 ,he m\rn$ unto !m1 b 
!y w\ld n lam5t4 ,!y w\ld n play at     
fun]al ) him4 ,!y turn$ away & said1 ,he
 ha? a devil4 ,!n came ! ,son ( ,man1   
bright & *e]ful1 eat+ & dr9k+1 b !y w\ld
 n dance to 8 pip+4 ,!y po9t$ at him &  
said1 ,behold a glutton\s man & a       
w9e-bibb]1 a fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s6 
,x 0 impossible to please t g5]ation4   
,if we place ?is passage side by side ) 
! foll[+ f ,goldsmi?1 we %all see at    
once t if !re be humor 9 ! latt]1 !re   
mu/ also be humor 9 ! =m]4 ,! subject is
 ! reception accord$ ! ,*9ese philosoph]

 :o tri$ to please 8 fri5ds by 8        
demeanor ^u ! dea? ( an ,engli%         
sov]eign3 ,i ?\ght x at lea/ my duty to 
appe> sorr[ful2 to put on a melan*oly   
aspect1 or to set my face by t ( ! p4 ,!
 fir/ company ,i came among/ aft] ! news
 became g5]al 0 a set ( jolly companions
 :o 7 dr9k+ prosp]ity to ! ensu+ reign4 
,i ent]$ ! room ) looks ( despair1 & ev5
 expect$ applause = ! sup]lative mis]y (
 my c\nt5ance4 ,in/ead ( t1 ,i 0        
univ]sally condemn$ by ! company &      
desir$ to take away my p5it5tial phiz to
 "s o!r qu>t]4 ,i n[ correct$ my =m]    
mi/ake1 & ) ! mo/ sprightly air         
imag9able ent]$ a company :]e !y 7 talk+
 ov] ! c]emonies ( ! approa*+ fun]al4   
,"h ,i sat = "s "t ) an air ( p]t       
vivacity1 :5 "o ( ! *ief m\rn]s         
imm$iately obs]v+ my good humor desir$  
me1 if ,i pleas$1 to g & gr9 some:]e    
else2 !y want$ no disaffect$ sc\ndrels  
!re4 ,fum1 ?\ son ( ,fo1 :at sort ( p am
 ,i among/8 ,:]eunto %all ,i lik5 ?is   
g5]ation8  ,!re 0 a c]ta9 "t :5         

multitudes foll[$ ,jesus1 n kn[+ :at !y 
7 ab\t1 b simply swept along by !       
en?usiasm ( ! mom5t4 ,he saw t !y       
und]/ood n1 s he turn$ & gave !m ?is    
g5tle caution3 ,:i* ( y int5d+ to build 
a t[] sitte? n d[n fir/ & c\nte? ! co/1 
:e!r he h suffici5t to f9i% x8 ,le/1    
haply1 aft] he ha? laid ! f\ndation & is
 n able to f9i%1 all t behold x beg9 to 
mock him1 say+1 ,?is man began to build 
& 0 n able to f9i%4 ,:oev] comes aft] me
 & does n c\nt ^u be>+ 8 cross1 is 9 !  
pr$icam5t ( ?is fooli% t[]-build]1--a   
ludicr\s spectacle z he sits beside !   
unf9i%$ /ructure1 8 mat]ials exhau/$1   
:ile all 8 neighbors1 z !y pass by1 wag 
! head & po9t ! f+]4 ,su* a spectacle z 
t w ea* "o ( y be :o does n c\nt ! co/ (
 disciple%ip4 ,) su* g5tle /rokes (     
humor did ,jesus /ay ! ?\ghtless        
multitudes :o imag9$ t _! empty zeal 0  
g5u9e loyalty4 ,he set =? _! conduct 9  
t]ms t w\ld mo/ effectually impress ^u  
!m its folly1--9 t]ms t appeal$ to _!   
s5se ( ! ridicul\s4  ,9 a s>ca/ic       

p>agraph ( 8 ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,c>lyle 
speaks ( ! "w ( ! ,national ,conv5tion  
?us3 ,9 fact1 :at c be m unpr(itable ?an
 ! sight ( six hundr$ & =ty-n9e +5i\s m5
 /ruggl+ ) _! :ole =ce & indu/ry1 = a   
long c\rse ( weeks1 to d at bottom ?is2 
to /ret* out ! old ,=mula & ,law        
phraseology1 s t x may cov] ! new1      
contradictory1 entirely uncov]able ?+8  
,:]eby ! poor =mula does b crack & "o's 
hone/y along ) x4 ,! ?+ t is palpably   
hot1 burn+1 wilt ?\ prove x by a        
syllogism to be a freez+ mixture8 ,?is (
 /ret*+ out =mulas till !y crack is1    
especially 9 times ( swift *ange1 "o ( !
 sorr[fulle/ tasks poor humanity has4 ,0
 x n ?is v =mula-/ret*+ t ,jesus        
satiriz$ 9 m playful ve91--?is          
=mula-/ret*+ t exi/$ 9 old times & t    
/ill exi/s1--:5 he said3 ,no man putte? 
a piece ( new g>m5t ^u an old2 if       
o!rwise1 !n1 bo? ! new make? a r5t1 & ! 
piece t 0 tak5 out ( ! new agree? n ) ! 
old8 ,y c n pat* up old t]ms ) new      
mean+s4 ,! new mean+ agree? n ) ! old   

t]m4 ,& no man putte? new w9e into old  
w9e-sk9s2 else ! new w9e w bur/ !       
w9e-sk9s & be spill$1 & ! w9e-sk9s %all 
p]i%4 ,b new w9e mu/ be put into new    
w9e-sk9s1 & bo? are pres]v$4 ,! man :o  
tries to put new s5ses into old words1  
new ideas into old =mulas1 is l a man :o
 cuts up a new g>m5t to m5d an old2 l "o
 :o puts w9e n yet done f]m5t+ into a   
sk9 ^: capacity admits no fur!r /ra94   
,he spoils 8 new coat & he loses 8 new  
w9e4  ,) su* illu/rations z ^!1         
illu/rations embody+ a figure or        
comp>ison or situation ess5tially amus+1
 0 ,jesus wont to temp] 8 rebukes4      
,,ii4  ,! s5se ( humor 9 ,jesus enabl$  
him to detect pret5sion1 impo/ure1      
hypocrisy1 & expose !m to ! d]ision (   
mank9d4  ,if we %\ld f9d 9 ,dick5s or   
,?ack]ay su* pictures z ,jesus has giv5 
( ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees1 !y w\ld /rike 
u at once z ! v qu9tess5ce ( humor4 ,!y 
g array$ 9 long clo?+1 !y love ! upp]mo/
 rooms at fea/s & ! *ief seats 9 !      
synagogues4 ,!y are always po/ur+ to    

attract att5tion4 ,!y love greet+s 9 !  
m>ket-places1 to be call$ ( m5 ,rabbi1  
,rabbi4 ,9 _! way1 !y are z mu* giv5 to 
deportm5t z ,mr4 ,turveydrop1 :5 he     
says1 ,i suppose ,i mu/ n[ g & %[ myself
 ab\t t[n2 x w be expect$ ( me4 ,:5 !y  
pray1 !y d x /&+ 9 ! synagogues or at ! 
corn]s ( ! /reets t all may see h[ pi\s 
!y are2 :5 !y p]=m _! de$s (            
righte\sness1 a trumpet is s\nd$ be=e   
!m1 to make solemn proclamation2 z :o   
%\ld say1 ,w ! public please take       
notice2 ,i am ab\t to drop a mite into  
?is poor wid['s h&4 ,:5 !y fa/ !y put on
 a sad c\nt5ance & disfigure _! faces ) 
fictiti\s woe & weep+1 t !y may appe>   
unto m5 to fa/4 ,see h[ ,i lay ! du/ )  
my te>s1 says ,launce4 ,ev]y?+ !y did 0 
done = effect2 no?+ came f ! he>t4 ,_!  
religion 0 ! v]ie/ %am4 ,!y _h well-nigh
 rea*$ ! measure ( ,s\?'s ideal         
hypocrite1 :o nev] op5s 8 m\? 9 e>ne/1 b
 :5 he eats or brea!s4 ,well might      
,jesus say1 ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees sit 
9 ,moses' seat2 all ?+s1 !re=e1 :atsoev]

 !y bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve & d1 b d ye n
 accord+ to _! works2 = !y say & d n4   
,does n ?is rem9d u ( ,pecksniff1 :o 0 a
 mo/ exempl>y man1 full] ( virtu\s      
precepts ?an a copy-book2 b "s p lik5$  
him to a direction-po/ :i* is always    
tell+ ! way to a place1 & nev] goes !re4
   ,,iii4  ,n only did ! s5se ( humor 9 
,jesus enable him to unmask pret5ti\s   
hypocrites1 b also to expose !          
absurdities t ! multitudes commonly     
practic$ 9 ! "n ( religion4  ,!re are   
^?1 = example1 :o 9 pray] use va9       
repetitions1 ?9k+ t !y %all be he>d = _!
 mu* speak+4 ,!y e/imate ! efficacy (   
pray] by its quantity & n by its        
quality4 ,!y ?9k t if !y only keep at x 
long en\gh1 if !y only use multitudes ( 
words1 !y w surely attract att5tion on  
high4  ,!re are o!rs :o ?9k t religion  
consi/s 9 ! wa%+ ( pots & cups & su* l  
?+s & !y lay aside ! comm&m5t ( ,god4   
,"o ( _! repres5tatives 9 mod]n         
lit]ature is ,dolly ,w9?rop1 :o tells   
,silas ,m>n] ab\t ! lett]s ,i4,h4,s4    

prick$ ^u ! ,*ri/mas cakes3 ,i c't read 
'em myself1 & !re's nobody1 n ,mr4      
,macey himself1 rightly kn[s :at !y     
mean2 b !y've a good mean+1 = !y're !   
same z is on ! pulpit-clo? at ,*ur*2 an'
 if !re's any good1 we've ne$ ( x 9 ?is 
_w4  ,x is curi\s h[ ! sup]/ition (     
ext]nalism has affect$ _m1 ev5 noble    
m9ds4 ,dr4 ,johnson once said ( ,john   
,campbell1 a political & philosophical  
writ]1 ,campbell is a good man1 a pi\s  
man2 ,i'm afraid he has n be5 inside ( a
 *ur* = a good _m ye>s1 b he nev] passes
 a *ur* )\t pull+ (f 8 hat4 ,?is %[s he 
has good pr9ciples4   ,,iv4  ,jesus     
p]ceiv$ ! blund]s ( ! well-mean+1 b     
ignorant & ambiti\s1--su* z ! man :o w5t
 to ! w$d+ p>ty )\t suitable g>m5ts1 & 0
 unc]emoni\sly %[n to ! door2 su* z !   
obtuse p :o1 invit$ to a fea/1 always   
took ! seats ( honor & 7 z (t5 c\rte\sly
 escort$ to seats fur!r d[n ! table4 ,:5
 ! m honorable man came1 ! ho/ w\ld say1
 ,give ?is man place1 & ! o!r w\ld beg9 
) %ame to take ! l[e/ seat4 ,jesus saw  

^! blund]s1 & we _c believe t he 0 bl9d 
to _! comical side4 ,he mu/ h felt t !  
mi/ake 0 a ludicr\s "o1 ev5 :5 he advis$
 ! /upid p :o made x1 ,:5 ?\ art bidd51 
g & sit d[n 9 ! l[e/ room2 t :5 he t    
bade !e come?1 he may say1 ,fri5d1 g up 
high]2 & !n ?\ %alt h wor%ip 9 ! pres5ce
 ( !m t sit at meat ) !e4   ,v4  ,! s5se
 ( humor 9 ,jesus is /ill fur!r %[n by 8
 selection ( *>act]s = 8 p>ables &      
illu/rations4 ,h[ _m ( !m are :at we    
%\ld call odd /icks to-day6  ,c\ld any  
"o devoid ( humor1 or oppos$ to its use1
 h describ$ su* odd or ecc5tric p z !   
fool :o ?\ght t s& 0 z good a f\ndation 
= 8 h\se z rock2 or ! dr[sy fri5d r\s$  
at midnight to l5d 8 neighbor bread &   
scold+ furi\sly at ! annoyance8 ,!n we h
 ! %eph]d's c[>d hirel+ :o ran away f 8 
flock :5 he saw ! wolf com+2 ! fooli%   
ri* man2 ! unscrupul\s /ew>d :o provid$ 
= himself by *eat+ 8 ma/]2 ! ?ree fell[s
 :o made su* pu]ile excuses = abs5t+    
!mselves f ! k+'s banquet1--"o 0 int]e/$
 9 a real e/ate transaction1 ano!r 0    

deal+ 9 /ock1 :ile ! ?ird _h j m>ri$ a  
wife4 ,p]haps ! *>act]ization ( all ^!  
excuses z pu]ile1 may be too sweep+4    
,?is la/ case may be an exception4 ,hav+
 j ent]$ ! holy e/ate ( matrimony1 any  
plans ?is man might h =m$ be=e t ev5t 7 
( c\rse subject to revision4 ,let u n be
 too h>d ^u him4 ,x may be t he re/s "u 
too heavy a load ( c5sure4 ,he may ev5  
be des]v+ ( sympa?y4 ,he said--0 !re a  
sugge/ion ( desp]ation 9 8 words8--,i h 
m>ri$ a wife & !re=e ,i c n come4 ,! k+ 
ought v likely to h exempt$ ?is man f 8 
wra?2 = he seems to say1 ,i %\ld l to   
come1 b--6  ,!n !re 0 ! s]vant :o1 9 8  
"l's abs5ce1 got above 8 bus9ess1 assum$
 ! ma/]1 became drunk5 9 ! company (    
roi/]]s1 & beat 8 fell[-s]vants2 b 0 at 
la/ put to %ame by ! sudd5 & unexpect$  
arrival ( 8 ma/]4 ,?is s]vant 0 a       
v]itable ,jaques :o1 9 ! old play1      
assum$ to be 8 ma/]1 ! ,duke1 & :o 0    
likewise br\ght to grief by 8 ma/]'s    
return3 ,i mu/ appe> important2 big z a 
c\ntry p$agogue :5 he ent]s ! s*ool-room

 ) a-hem1 & t]rifies ! apple-mun*+ ur*9s
 ) ! creak+ ( 8 %oes4 ,i'll swell l a   
%irt blea*+ 9 a high w9d2 & look z burly
 z a ,sunday beadle :5 he has kick$ d[n 
! unhall[$ /all ( a pr(ane old          
apple-woman4 ,br+ my *air ( /ate6  ,!re 
are o!r *>act]s1 su* z ! %rewd labor]   
:o1 digg+ 9 a field1 f9ds a hidd5       
treasure & secret+ x goes & buys !      
field2 ! unju/ judge :o f9ally1         
completely tir$ out1 gives way 9 no v   
amiable mood to ! wid['s unceas+        
petitions = ju/ice2 ! timid s\l1 :o1    
fe>+ to use 8 tal5t1 hid x 9 a napk9 &  
buri$ x 9 ! e>?2 ! self-righte\s        
,ph>isee :o rec\nts 8 good de$s be=e !  
,"l ( ! ,temple & complac5tly           
congratulates himself t he is n z o!r   
m56 ,god1 ,i ?ank !e t ,i am n z ! re/ (
 m51 extortion]s1 unju/1 adult]]s1 or   
ev5 z ?is publican4 ,i fa/ twice 9 !    
week2 ,i give ti!s ( all t ,i get6 ,mr4 
,pecksniff once m6--s satisfi$ )        
himself1 s radiant ) +5u\s hone/y t     
,mrs4 ,lup9 almo/ wond]$ n to see a     

/a9$-glass glory1 su* z ! sa9t wore 9 ! 
*ur*1 %9+ ab\t 8 head6   ,,vi4  ,9 !    
introduction1 ref]5ce 0 made to ! words 
( ,mr4 ,%or?\se :i* sugge/$ ?is         
inve/igation4 ,?is seems a fitt+ place  
to pres5t ! only example 9 :i* ,mr4     
,%or?\se has c>ri$ out 8 own            
sugge/ion1--! ,p>able ( ! ,prodigal     
,son4  ,b is x trite t !re is no humor 9
 ! gospels8 ',:at /rokes ( nature1 if n 
( humor1' to use ,mr4 ,addison's words  
aga91 may we f9d 9 ! /ory1 let u say1 ( 
! ,prodigal ,son8 ,:at1 9 ! light ( !   
mod]n conception ( humor1 w come out (  
?is8  ,"h1 surely1 !re is no want ( real
 life1 ( l[ life1 ev54 ,"h is a wild "y 
scamp1 z l ,tom ,jones z he>t c\ld wi%4 
,"h is +ratitude1 =getfulness ( p>5ts1  
riot\s liv+1 tav]ns1 h>lots1 :at n8 ,!n 
begg>y1 & fe$+ sw9e1 & liv+ ^u husks4   
,!n :5 evil liv+ is f\nd n to answ]1    
p5it5ce--l ,tom ,jones aga94  ,& ':5 he 
0 yet a great way (f 8 fa!r saw him1'   
along ! /ony road b5ea? ! v9e-clad      
hills4 ,:o c tell h[ (t5 ! fa!r's eyes  

_h gaz$ long+ly d[n ! road s9ce 8 son's 
figure1 gay1 reckless ( ! b5efits j     
be/[$1 accompani$ by s]vants1 eag] = !  
pleasures ( ! _w1 _h vani%$ f 8 sight8  
,n[1 at la/1 aft] s long wait+ & look+1 
he sees 9 ! f> di/ance1 a v diff]5t     
sight4 ,he sees a solit>y figure1 worn &
 b5t d[n1 9 rags1 dragg+ on its we>y    
/eps2 h[ c\ld ! old man's gaze expect   
su* a sight z ?is8 ,nev]!less1 8 fa!r   
knew him1 '& ran & fell on 8 neck4' ,he 
did n wait = any acc5ts ( rep5tance1 nor
 did he en=ce any moral precepts :i*    
might advantage po/]ity4 ',he fell on 8 
neck & kiss$ him4' ,fooli% old fa!r6    
,tom ,jones is br\ght 94 ,he goes to !  
ba?4 ,! famili> feel+ ( luxury comes ov]
 him once m4 ,he is clo!d 9 f9e l951 &  
has a gold r+ plac$ on 8 f+]1 ! pa/     
seems an evil dream4 ,!n ! fatt$ calf is
 kill$4 ,! banquet is spread & !re is   
fe/ivity1 music1 & danc+-girls4  ,b     
sudd5ly1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 delight1 "s tr\ble
 passes ov] ! old man's face2 8 elde/   
son is n 9 8 place1 & !y br+ him ^w t he

 is )\t & refuses to come 94 ,"s        
p]ception ( a neglect$ tru? passes ?r\gh
 ! fa!r's m9d1 & he rises & goes out4   
',!re=e came 8 fa!r out & entreat$ him4'
  ,! elde/ son has be5 out all day work+
 9 ! v9ey>ds2 all 8 life _h be5 "o long 
p]=mance ( duty1 tak5 = grant$1 & !re=e 
unprais$ & unrecogniz$4 ,9 h[ _m        
h\seholds w sil5t witness be borne t ?is
 is real life--! g5tle & ob$i5t s]vice  
ov]look$--nay1 m ?an ?is1 ! cross ^w or 
ha/y temp] :]e !re is no fe> t x w be   
return$4  ',all ^! ye>s h ,i s]v$ !e 99 
99 99 & yet ?\ nev] gave/ me a kid t ,i 
might make m]ry ) my fri5ds4' ,i am a   
man l o!rs1 gayety & fea/+ are pleasant 
to me1 z to !m4  ,a look ( p]plex$1 b   
gr[+ insight comes into ! fa!r's face4  
',son1 ?\ art ev] ) me1 & all t ,i h is 
?9e4'  ,?is is all v well1 /ill he is   
consci\s t !re is some?+ to be said = ! 
elde/ son1 too4 ,b 8 lo/ son--8 wayw>d1 
& !re=e lov$ son1 is come aga94  ',x is 
meet t we %\ld make m]ry & be glad1 =   
?is ?y bro!r 0 dead & is alive aga94'   

,we c see ! pitiful1 plead+ look 9 ! old
 man's eyes1--'?y bro!r 0 dead4'  ,yes1 
,addison mu/ be "r4 ,nature & humor _c  
be f> ap>t4 ,! s\rce & spr+ ( humor is  
human life4 ,its *>m consi/s1 n m]ely 9 
laught] or ev5 9 joy1 b 9 ! /irr+ ( ^?  
sympa?ies & associations :i* exi/       
inv>iably 9 ! race2 = we inh]it a       
_w-life & a religion1 ! e>?-spr+s ( ^:  
realities lie1 p]*ance1 too deep =      
laught]1 b n1 ,heav5 be prais$1 too deep
 = te>s4  ,surely ! examples giv5 sugge/
 an eye = ! humor\s 9 him :o saw &      
describ$ !m4 ,^! illu/rations 71 inde$1 
us$ to convey moral tru?s1 b !y %[ h[   
wide 0 ! acqua9tance ( ,jesus ) all     
sorts ( *>act]s1 & h[ he lov$ to use su*
 z 7 out ( ! ord9>y2 su* z1 to-day1 we  
%\ld at lea/ call peculi>4 ,a           
recognition ( ?is fact w help u bett] to
 appreciate & m ?or\ghly to enjoy ^?    
simple1 yet wond]ful p>ables1 out ( :i* 
! heavy h& ( a sev]ely lit]al criticism 
w\ld cru% all t\*es ( nature4     ,v4   
,,prov]bs ,,& ,,epigrammatic ,,say+s4   

,prov]bs1 mu/ n be pass$ ov] 9 our      
enum]ation1--prov]bs1 ! philosophy ( !  
common p2 %ort1 pi?y1 homely say+s t    
embody ! conc5trat$ ess5ce ( ! common   
p's wisdom4 ,x has be5 difficult to give
 a p]fect def9ition ( a prov]b1 s cr[d$ 
is x ) ! life ( %rewdness & exp]i5ce2   
yet s easy & neglig5t is x1 & saucy z x 
74 ,its *>act]i/ic excell5ces are       
%ortness1 s5se & salt4 ,x is ! wit ( "o 
man1 ! wisdom ( ?\s&s4--,macbe?4        
,,prov]bs ,,& ,,epigrammatic ,,say+s4   
,! prov]biali/s occupy !mselves ) life 9
 all its aspects4     ,sometimes !y     
simply cat* ! expression ( m51 good or  
bad1 or     photograph _! actions or    
?\ghts2 m g5]ally !y pass a     v]dict  
^u !m & exhort or in/ruct m5 9 reg>d to 
!m4 99 99 99     ,"s ( ! prov]bs h a    
c]ta9 flavor ( humor4--,davidson4   ,!  
wise m5 ( old1 says ,:ipple1 h s5t mo/ (
 _! morality d[n ! /ream ( "t 9 ! light 
skiff ( apo!gm or epigram3 & ! prov]bs (
 nations :i* embody ! common s5se (     
nations1 h ! brisk concussion ( ! mo/   

sp>kl+ wit4 ,almo/ e s5sible rem>k on   
folly is a witty rem>k4 ,wit is ?us (t5 
b ! natural language ( wisdom1 view+    
life ) a pi]c+ & passionless eye4 ,!    
object ( ! pres5t /udy is to consid] ^? 
prov]bs & o!r epigrammatic say+s :i*    
di/9ctly conta9 ! elem5t ( wit 9 "s =m  
or o!r1 & :i* are s lib]ally scatt]$ ov]
 ! pages ( ! ,bible4   ,i4--,,! ,,book  
,,( ,,prov]bs4  ,9 su* an inve/igation1 
we naturally turn1 fir/ ( all1 to t     
great collection ( prov]bs1 ) :i* ! "n (
 ,solomon has become id5tifi$4 ,!y d n1 
h[ev]1 repres5t 8 g5ius alone1 al?\gh we
 %all frequ5tly use 8 "n z repres5tative
 ( ! :ole class ( philosoph]s4 ,!y are !
 productions ( _m wise m5 ?r\gh _m      
g5]ations4 ,!y are1 inde$1 ! outcome ( !
 life ( a :ole p1 put into def9ite %ape 
by ^? :o _h insight suffici5tly ke5 &   
p[] ( expression suffici5tly t]se to    
=mulate ! lessons ( human exp]i5ce4 ,!  
wise m51 says ,canon ,driv]1 took =     
grant$ ! ma9 po/ulates ( ,israel's cre$1
 & appli$ !mselves r to ! obs]vation (  

human nature z su*1 seek+ to analyze "*1
 /udy+ action 9 its consequ5ces1 &      
e/abli%+ morality ^u ! basis ( pr9ciples
 common to humanity at l>ge4 ,on acc\nt 
( _! prevail+ disreg>d ( national po9ts 
( view1 & _! t5d5cy to *>act]ize &      
e/imate human nature "u its mo/ g5]al   
aspects1 !y h be5 t]m$1 n               
inappropriately1 ! ,humani/s ( ,israel4 
,_! tea*+ _h a practical aim2 n only d  
!y =mulate maxims ( conduct1 b !y appe> 
also z moral advis]s1 & z int]e/$ 9 !   
education ( ! "y4  ,! ,book ( ,prov]bs  
is a p]fect m9e ( cunn+ & glitt]+       
s5t5ces1 _m ( :i* are witty z well z    
wise1 & none ! less wise because !y are 
witty4 ,!re are swords t pi]ce ! hidd5  
motives ( m51 & :ips t lac]ate ! backs (
 _! op5 follies & s9s4   #a4 ,! ,fool4  
,!re is a p]sonage1 or m exactly1 an    
assemblage ( c]ta9 qualities1 con/antly 
held up to ridicule "u ! g5]al title (  
,! ,fool4 ,rusk9 says t folly & s9 are  
to "s ext5t synonym\s4 ,! ,fool 9 !     
,book ( ,prov]bs is "o :o comb9es m5tal 

/upidity ) moral obtus5ess4 ,he has a   
h>d "t ( x at ! h&s ( ! prov]biali/s4   
,he t begette? a fool doe? s to 8 sorr[2
 ! fa!r ( a fool ha? no joy4  ,fooli%   
p]sons h always be5 not$ = p>ad+ _!     
folly1 & s\nd+ a trumpet to proclaim _! 
lack ( und]/&+4 ,s ,solomon says3 ,a    
fool's m\? is 8 de/ruction1 & 8 lips are
 ! sn>e ( 8 s\l4 ,! tongue ( ! wise use?
 k aright2 b ! m\? ( fools p\re? out    
fooli%ness4 ,:5 he t is a fool walke? 9 
! way1 8 wisdom faile? him1 & he sai? to
 e "o t he is a fool1--8 scanty supply (
 s5se is n en\gh to la/ him to ! end ( 8
 j\rney4 ,!re is a mod]n prov]b to !    
same effect3 ,he has n wit en\gh to la/ 
him ov] night4 ,ev]y?+ ! fool und]takes 
comes to grief4 ,he t s5de? a message by
 ! h& ( a fool cutte? (f ! feet & dr9ke?
 damage4 ,! labor ( ! fool we>ie? e "o1 
because he kn[e? n h[ to g to ! city4 ,!
 simple believe? e ^w1 b ! prud5t man   
looke? well to 8 go+4 ,let a be> robb$ (
 h] :elps meet a man1 r ?an a fool 9 8  
folly4 ,no discipl9e c be too sev]e = ! 

fool4 ,judgm5ts are prep>$ = scorn]s &  
/ripes = ! back ( fools4 ,a :ip = !     
horse1 a bridle = ! ass1 & a rod = !    
fool's back4 ,b ,solomon is n sangu9e t 
! mo/ rigor\s c\rse w produce           
extraord9>y results4 ,a repro( ent]e? m 
into a wise man ?an a hundr$ /ripes into
 a fool4 ,wisdom is be=e him t ha?      
und]/&+2 b ! eyes ( a fool are 9 ! ends 
( ! e>?4 ,:]e=e is !re a price 9 ! h& ( 
a fool to get wisdom1 see+ he ha? no    
he>t to x8 ,"o c almo/ see t picture--! 
fool w&]+ ab\t ! city ) money 9 8 h&1   
inquir+ :]e a p]son 9 ne$ ( x might     
pur*ase a commodity ( good common s5se4 
,?\gh ?\ %\ld/ bray a fool 9 a mort>    
among :eat ) a pe/le1 yet w n 8         
fooli%ness dep>t f him4 ,9 _m o!r       
prov]bs is ! fool gibbet$4 ,z sn[ 9     
summ]1 & z ra9 9 h>ve/1 s honor is n    
seemly = a fool4 ,! legs ( ! lame are n 
equal2 s is a p>able 9 ! m\? ( fools4 ,z
 he t b9de? a /one 9 a sl+1 mak+ a      
dang]\s weapon1 s is he t give? honor to
 a fool4 ,z a ?orn goe? up into ! h& ( a

 drunk>d1 s is a p>able 9 ! m\? ( fools4
 ,x is bett] to he> ! rebuke ( ! wise1  
?an = a man to he> ! song ( fools4 ,= z 
! crackl+ ( ?orns "u a pot1 s is !      
laught] ( ! fool4 ,9 "o *apt] ,solomon  
describes a gr\p ( fooli% p]sons4 ,=    
?ree ?+s ! e>? is disquiet$ & = f\r :i* 
x c n be>2 = a s]vant :5 he reigne?--!  
mod]n in/ance is ! begg> on             
horseback1--& a fool :5 he is fill$ )   
meat2 = an odi\s woman :5 %e is m>ri$2 &
 a h&maid t is heir to h] mi/ress4 ,^!  
f\r *>act]s play su* fanta/ic tricks    
be=e high heav51 t :e!r ! angels weep or
 n1 ! e>? groans & is disquiet$4 ,& yet 
,solomon seems to h f\nd a m grotesque &
 incorrigible "* ?an ! fool3 ,see/ ?\ a 
man wise 9 8 own conceit8 ,!re is m hope
 ( a fool ?an ( him4 ,! contempt ( !    
prov]biali/s = ! class ( p]sons "h      
describ$ 0 q z /rong z t ( ,dr4 ,samuel 
,johnson4 ,:5 "s "o hop$ t ! good doctor
 might meet 9 heav5 a c]ta9 p]son ^:    
conduct _h ar\s$ 8 ire1 he retort$ ) "s 
w>m?1 ,madam1 ,i am n fond ( meet+ fools

 any:]e4   #b4 ,! ,idl]4  ,h[ ^! writ]s 
love to ca/igate laz9ess6 ,!y toss !    
slugg>d on all mann] ( %>p-po9t$        
epigrams4 ,he t ga!re? 9 summ] is a wise
 son2 he t sleepe? 9 h>ve/ is a son t   
cause? %ame4 ,! way ( a slo?ful man is z
 a h$ge ( ?orns1--he walks z sl[ly &    
pa9fully z if avoid+ ?orns on ei!r h&4  
,z v9eg> to ! tee? & z smoke to ! eyes1 
s is ! slugg>d to !m t s5d him4 ,!      
slo?ful man roa/e? n t :i* he took 9    
hunt+4 ,! slugg>d w n pl\gh by reason ( 
! cold1 !re=e he %all beg 9 h>ve/ & h   
no?+4 ,dr[s9ess %all clo! a man ) rags4 
,he t tille? 8 l& %all be satisfi$ )    
bread2 b he t foll[e? va9 p]sons--^? :o 
tea* him t !re is any o!r way to success
 ?an hone/ indu/ry1--is void ( und]/&+4 
,! slo?ful man says1 ,!re is a lion )\t2
 ,i %all be sla9 9 ! /reets4 ,z ! door  
turne? ^u its h+es1 s do? ! slo?ful ^u 8
 b$4 ,! slo?ful hide? 8 h& 9 8 bosom2 x 
grieve? him to br+ x aga9 to 8 m\?4 ,too
 lazy to eat6 ,?is is ! v acme (        
indol5ce4   #c4 ,! ,babbl]4  ,^! wise m5

 recomm5d1 9 pi?y t]ms1 ! judici\s      
control ( ! tongue4 ,!y comm5d ! value (
 sil5ce4 ,:oso keepe? 8 m\? & 8 tongue  
keepe? 8 s\l f tr\bles4 ,! beg9n+ (     
/rife is z :5 "o lette? out wat]2 !re=e 
leave (f cont5tion be=e x be m$dl$ )4 ,x
 is an honor to a man to cease f /rife1 
b e fool w be m$dl+4 ,ev5 a fool :5 he  
holde? 8 peace is acc\nt$ wise2 & he t  
%utte? 8 lips is e/eem$ a man ( und]/&+4
 ,?is is ! same idea :i* we f9d1 9 m    
elaborate =m1 9 ,%akespe>e3      ,!re   
are a sort ( m51 ^: visages     ,d cream
 & mantle l a /&+ pond2     ,& d a      
wilful /illness ent]ta91     ,) purpose 
to be dre/ 9 an op9ion     ,( wisdom1   
gravity1 pr(\nd conceit2     ,z :o %\ld 
say1 ',i am ,sir ,oracle1     ,& :5 ,i  
ope my lips1 let no dog b>k6'     ,oh1  
my ,antonio1 ,i d "k ( ^!1     ,t !re=e 
only are reput$ wise     ,= say+ no?+3  
,:o1 ,i am v sure1     ,if !y %\ld      
speak1 w\ld almo/ damn ^! e>s1     ,:i*1
 he>+ !m1 w\ld call _! bro!rs fools4  ,9
 po9t ( cond5sation1 ! wit ( ! prov]b   

has ! advantage4 ,col]idge relates an   
incid5t :i* illu/rates t ev5 a fool :5  
he holde? 8 peace is acc\nt$ wise1 & he 
t %utte? 8 lips is e/eem$ a man (       
und]/&+4 ,he once saw1 at a d9n] table1 
a dignifi$ man ) a face z wise z !      
moon's4 ,! awful *>m ( 8 mann] 0 n brok5
 until ! muff9s appe>$1 & !n ! imp (    
gluttony =c$ f him ! exclamation--,!m's 
! jockeys = me6  ,!re is a passage      
conc]n+ ! tongue 9 ! ,book ( ,james1    
full ( say+s q z t]se & /rik+ z any 9 ! 
,book ( ,prov]bs4 ,if any man (f5d n 9  
^w1 ! same is a p]fect man1 & able also 
to bridle ! :ole body4 ,! tongue is a   
little memb] & boa/e? great ?+s2 behold 
h[ great a matt] a little fire k9dle?4  
,e k9d ( bea/s & birds & s]p5ts is tam$1
 & ha? be5 tam$ ( mank9d2 b ! tongue c  
no man tame2 x is an unruly evil1 full (
 deadly poison4 99 99 99 ,out ( ! same  
m\? proce$e? bless+ & curs+4 99 99 99   
,do? a f\nta9 s5d =? at ! same place    
sweet wat] & bitt]8  ,?is passage f     
,james may be plac$ side by side ) !    

famili> /ory ( ,a,esop4 ,8 ma/]1        
,xan?us1 s5t him to m>ket to procure !  
be/ ?+s x af=d$4 ,:5 ! d9n] h\r arriv$1 
,xan?us discov]$ t no?+ b tongues _h be5
 provid$4 ,:at1 he exclaim$ 9 a rage1   
did ,i n tell y to procure ! be/ ?+s !  
m>ket af=d$8 ,& h ,i n obey$ y\r ord]s8 
,is !re any?+ bett] ?an a tongue8 ,is x 
n ! bond ( civil society1 ! organ ( tru?
 & reason1 ! in/rum5t ( our praise &    
adoration ( ! gods8 ,! next day ,a,esop 
0 direct$ to g to ! m>ket & pur*ase !   
wor/ ?+s x af=d$4 ,he did s & aga9      
pur*as$ no?+ b tongues4 ,:at6 cri$      
,xan?us1 tongues aga98 ,c]ta9ly2 = !    
tongue is surely ! wor/ ?+ 9 ! _w2 x is 
! in/rum5t ( all /rife & cont5tion1 !   
inv5tor ( law-suits1 & ! s\rce ( all    
division & w>s2 x is ! organ ( errors1 (
 lies1 ( calumnies1 & blasphemies4      
,!re) bless we ! ,"l & ,fa!r1 & !re)    
curse we m5 :o are made aft] ! lik5ess (
 ,god2 out ( ! same m\? come? =? curs+ &
 bless+4   #d4 ,! ,scold4  ,to return to
 ! prov]bs4 ,solomon _h "s unhappy      

dome/ic exp]i5ces1 & su* prov]bs z ^!   
may h be5 ! outcome3 ,z a jewel ( gold 9
 a sw9e's sn\t1 s is a fair woman )\t   
discretion4 ,a cont9ual dropp+ 9 a v    
ra9y day1 & a cont5ti\s woman are alike4
 ,:osoev] hide? h]1 hide? ! w9d4 ,x is  
bett] to dwell 9 ! wild]ness ?an ) a    
cont5ti\s & angry woman4 ,bett] is a    
d9n] ( h]bs :]e love is ?an a /all$ ox &
 hatr$ !re)4 ,x is bett] to dwell 9 !   
corn] ( a h\se top ?an ) a brawl+ woman 
9 a l>ge h\se4   #e4 ,! ,p[] ( ,money4  
,! prov]biali/s _h be5 close obs]v]s (  
human nature1 & ( ! ways ( ! _w4 ,hell &
 de/ruction are nev] full1 s ! eyes ( a 
man are nev] satisfi$4 ,a fea/ is made =
 laught]1 & w9e make? m]ry2 b money     
answ]e? all ?+s4 ,! ri* rule? ov] !     
poor1 & ! borr[] is s]vant to ! l5d]4   
,^! wise m5 _h se5 mu* to ju/ify ! %>p  
arr[s !y %ot at ^? :o crook ! pregnant  
h+es ( ! knee :]e ?rift may foll[ fawn+4
 ,! poor is hat$ ev5 ( 8 own neighbor1 b
 ! ri* ha? _m fri5ds4 ,_m w entreat !   
favor ( a pr9ce1 & e man is a fri5d to  

him t give? gifts4 ,a man's gift make?  
room = him1 & br+e? him be=e great m54  
,!re is an incid5t 9 ! second ,book (   
,k+s1 t exemplifies1 ) t\*es ( humor1 ! 
tru? ( ^! prov]bs4 ,& ! k+ ( ,assyria   
f\nd conspiracy 9 ,ho%ea1 7k+ (         
,israel17 = he _h s5t mess5g]s to ,s1 k+
 ( ,egypt1 & br\ght no pres5t to ! k+ ( 
,assyria1 z he _h done ye> by ye>4 ,! k+
 ( ,assyria is greatly %ock$ at ?is sign
 ( disrespect4 ,8 feel+s are outrag$ &  
w\nd$ at receiv+ no pres5t4 ,x is       
suspici\s1 v suspici\s6 ,let ?is ,ho%ea 
be look$ to4 ,! man :o fails to br+ !   
usual pres5t is fit = treasons1         
/ratagems & spoils4 ,!re is no tell+ :at
 evil he may be plott+4 ,surely !re is  
conspiracy 9 him4 ,!re=e1 ! k+ (        
,assyria %ut him up & b\nd him 9 prison4
 ,solomon 0 "r--,a man's gift br+e? him 
be=e great m51 b ! abs5ce ( x br+e? him 
into prison z a traitor6   #f4          
,miscellane\s4  ,_m o!r examples ( wit &
 wisdom might be giv54 ,let u add a few 
miscellane\s ones4 ,solomon advises     

aga9/ mak+ long calls4 ,busy m5 w\ld d  
well to hang ?is motto up 9 _! (fices3  
,)draw ?y foot f ?y neighbor's h\se1 le/
 he we>y ( !e & s hate !e4 ,9 ,solomon's
 wide & v>i$ exp]i5ces1 !re _h evid5tly 
be5 occasional enc\nt]s ) bores4  ,x may
 sometimes be well to pres5t a /]n front
 to ! sl&]]3 ,! ,nor? w9d drive? away   
ra91 s do? an angry c\nt5ance a         
back-bit+ tongue4  ,excell5t advice ?is 
= ^? :o indorse o!r p's notes3 ,be n "o 
( !m t /rike h&s1 or "o ( !m t are      
sureties = debts2 if ?\ ha/ no?+ to pay1
 :y %\ld he take away ?y b$ f "u !e8 ,he
 t hate? surety%ip is sure4  ,!re 7 ^? 9
 t day1 z well z 9 our own1 :o tri$ to  
beat d[n ! price ( an article by        
depreciat+ its quality3 ,x is naught1 x 
is naught1 sai? ! buy]2 b :5 he ha? gone
 8 way1 !n he boa/e?4 ,donald ,g4       
,mit*ell1 9 8 *>m+ book1 ,my ,f>m at    
,edgewood1 has a *apt] on ,dick]+ :i*   
is1 9 effect1 an elaboration ( ! prov]b 
la/ quot$4 ,sometime or o!r1 if a man   
ent] ^u f>m life--& x holds 9 almo/ e   

k9d ( life--!re w come to him a         
necessity = b>ga9+4 ,x is a "p ( !      
curse1 ,i ?9k1 entail$ ^u mank9d at !   
expulsion f ,ed51 t !y %\ld sweat at a  
b>ga94 99 99 99 ,if ,i 7 to take !      
op9ions ( my excell5t fri5ds1 !         
pur*as]s1 = tru?1 ,i %\ld be pa9fully   
consci\s ( hav+ possess$ ! mo/ mangy    
hogs1 ! mo/ ag$ c[s1 ! scrubbie/ veal1 &
 ! mo/ diseas$ & /unt$ gr[? ( *e/nuts & 
oaks ) :i* a c\ntry-liv] 0 ev] afflict$4
 ,= a "t1 9 ! e>ly p]iod ( my novitiate1
 ,i 0 n a little di/urb$ by ^! damag+   
/atem5ts2 b h be5 reliev$ by le>n+ on   
fur!r exp]i5ce t ! urg5ce ( su* lively  
falsehoods is only an +5i\s m]c5>y      
device = ! %>p5+ ( a b>ga94             
,,ii4--,,epigrammatic ,,say+s ,,f ,,o!r 
,,s\rces4  ,! epigrammatic say+s ( !    
,bible are n conf9$1 z we h already se51
 to ! ,book ( ,prov]bs4 ,we f9d !m      
else:]e4 ,hosea says ( idolat]s1 ,!y h  
s[n ! w9d & !y %all reap ! :irlw9d4     
,micah decl>$ ( ! m]c5>y prophets1 ,he t
 putte? n into _! m\?1 !y ev5 decl>e w> 

aga9/ him4 ,at ! same "t pr9ces & judges
 are s corrupt1 t ! be/ ( !m is z a     
bri>2 ! mo/ upright is %>p] ?an a ?orn  
h$ge4  ,j]emiah *>ges aga9/ ! p1 ,z a   
cage is full ( birds1 s are _! h\ses (  
deceit4 ,c ! ,e?iopian1 he asks1 *ange 8
 sk91 or ! leop>d 8 spots8 & adds1 ,!n c
 ye also d "r :o are accu/om$ to d evil4
 ,?is is equival5t to ! prov]b ( ano!r  
p3 ,?\gh y fe$ milk to a "y snake1 w x  
leave (f its habit ( creep+ "u ! h$ge8  
,c a maid =get h] ornam5ts or a bride h]
 attire8 asks ,j]emiah2 yet my p h      
=gott5 me days )\t numb]4 ,yea1 ! /ork 9
 ! heav5s kn[e? h] appo9t$ times2 & !   
turtle & ! crane & ! swall[ obs]ve ! "t 
( _! com+2 b my p "k n ! judgm5t ( !    
,"l4 ,z ! p>tridge sitte? on eggs &     
hat*e? !m n2 s he t gette? ri*es & n by 
"r1 %all leave !m 9 ! middle ( 8 days1 &
 at ! end %all be a fool4  ,isaiah      
admoni%es ! p1 ,lo1 ?\ tru/e/ 9 ! /aff (
 ?is brok5 re$1 on ,egypt2 :]eon if a   
man lean1 x w g into 8 h& & pi]ce x2 s  
is ,ph>oah1 k+ ( ,egypt1 to all :o tru/ 

9 him1--a say+ :i* calls to m9d !       
message ,jesus s5t to ,h]od1 ,g1 tell t 
fox4 ,to ^? :o tru/$ 9 ! pr[ess ( !     
,egyptians1 ,isaiah decl>es1 ,n[1 !     
,egyptians are m5 & n ,god2 & _! horses 
are fle% & n _s4 ,he assures ! p t ! "t 
w come :5 names %all be us$ ) great]    
discrim9ation--,! vile p]son %all no m  
be call$ lib]al1 nor ! *url said to be  
b\ntiful4  ,job says3 ,= va9 man w\ld be
 wise1 ?\gh man be born l a wild ass's  
colt4 ,& x is ,job :o has giv5 u !      
common expression1 ,i am escap$ ) ! sk9 
( my tee?4  ,david says ( !             
hypocrite3--,! words ( 8 m\? 7 smoo!r   
?an butt]1 b w> 0 9 8 he>t2 8 words 7   
s(t] ?an oil1 b !y 7 drawn swords4 ,man 
t is 9 honor & und]/&e? n1 is l ! bea/s 
:i* p]i%4 ,! fool ha? said 9 8 he>t1    
,!re is no ,god4 ,( ! wick$ ! psalmi/   
exclaims3 ,_! poison is l ! poison ( a  
s]p5t2 !y are l ! deaf add] t /oppe? h] 
e>2 :i* w n he>k5 to ! voice ( *>m]s1   
*>m+ nev] s wisely4 ,recall+ an incid5t 
( ,israel's j\rney ?r\gh ! wild]ness1 he

 gives 8 op9ion ( ! transaction ,a>on   
tri$ to disclaim3 ,!y made a calf 9     
,horeb & wor%ipp$ ! molt5 image4 ,?us !y
 *ang$ _! glory into ! similitude ( an  
ox t eate? grass6 ,fools1 because ( _!  
transgressions & because ( _! iniquities
 are afflict$4 ,he says ( ^? :o gave him
 pa91--! pl\gh]s :o pl\gh$ ^u 8 back &  
made long _! furr[s1--,!y %all be z !   
grass ^u ! h\se-tops :i* )]e? be=e x    
gr[e? up2 :]e) ! m[] fille? n 8 h&1 nor 
he t b9de? %eaves 8 bosom4  ,paul speaks
 ( ^? ^: ,god is _! belly1 & ^: glory is
 _! %ame2 & also ( c]ta9 ones :o speak  
lies 9 hypocrisy1 hav+ _! consci5ce se>$
 ) a r$-hot iron4 ,rul]s1 he says1 are n
 a t]ror to good works1 b to evil4 ,if a
 man ?9ke? himself to be some?+ :5 he is
 no?+1 he deceive? himself4  ,! ,book ( 
,james has already be5 quot$ 9 ?is      
*apt]2 b !re is ano!r passage ( !       
prov]bial or epigrammatic "* t mu/ n be 
omitt$3 ,be ye do]s ( ! ^w & n he>]s    
only1 deceiv+ y\r own selves4 ,= if any 
man be a he>] ( ! ^w & n a do]1 he is l 

unto a man behold+ 8 natural face 9 a   
glass2 = he beholde? himself & goe? 8   
way1 & /raightway =gette? :at mann] (   
man he 04 ,! ,veman prov]b is v l ?is3  
,:atev] he devoid ( und]/&+ may be      
read+1 8 virtue cont9ues only s long z  
he is read+2 ev5 z a frog is dignifi$   
only s long z x is seat$ on a lotus     
leaf4  ,"o ( ! be/ examples ( ! k9d (   
wit we are n[ discuss+ is f\nd 9 !      
acc\nt ( ,k+ ,asa's sickness & dea?4 ,! 
writ] ( ! ,book ( ,*ronicles says3 ,yet 
9 8 disease he s\ght n unto ! ,"l1 b to 
! ,physicians2 & !n adds ) imp]turbable 
gravity1 ,& ,asa slept ) 8 fa!rs4       
,ref]r+ to ?is passage1 ,pr(essor       
,mat!ws says3--,x looks l a s>casm on ! 
m$ical practition]s ( ,pale/9e4 ,!re is 
some?+ simil> to ?is 9 ,ecclesia/es3    
,wisdom is good--) an inh]itance1 an    
anci5t in/ance ( ! old flag--& an       
appropriation4   ,,iii4--,,! ,,say+s ,,(
 ,,jesus4  ,to ?is *apt] belong _m ( !  
say+s ( ,jesus4 ,he spoke 9 prov]bs z   
well z 9 p>ables4  ,x is easi] = a camel

 to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an = a ri* 
man to ent] ! k+dom ( heav54  ,_m are   
call$1 b few are *os54  ,! fir/ %all be 
la/1 & ! la/ fir/4  ,a prophet is n )\t 
honor save 9 8 own c\ntry & among 8     
fri5ds4  ,he t humble? himself %all be  
exalt$2 he t exalte? himself %all be    
abas$4  ,be ye wise z s]p5ts & h>mless z
 doves4  ,physician1 heal ?yself4  ,ye  
are ! light ( ! _w2 a city t is set on  
an hill c n be hid4 ,nei!r d m5 light a 
c&le & put x "u a bu%el1 b on a c&le/ick
 & x give? light unto all t are 9 !     
h\se4  ,let ! dead bury _! dead4  ,no   
man hav+ put 8 h& to ! pl\gh & look+    
back is fit = ! k+dom ( ,god4  ,& :y    
beholde/ ?\ ! mote t is 9 ?y bro!r's    
eye1 b consid]e/ n ! beam t is 9 ?9e own
 eye8 ,!re are sev]al prov]bs 9 o!r     
lit]atures v l ?is4 ,! ,russian3--,a pig
 came up to a horse & said1 ,y\r feet   
are crook$1 & y\r hair is wor? no?+4 ,! 
,b5gal3--,! sieve said to ! ne$le1 ,y h 
a hole 9 y\r tail4 ,! ,*9ese3--,let e "o
 sweep ! sn[ be=e 8 own door1 & n busy  

himself ) ! fro/ on 8 neighbor's tiles4 
,ye c n s]ve ,god & ,mammon4  ,a h\se   
divid$ aga9/ itself c n /&4  ,bew>e (   
false prophets :i* come to y 9 %eep's   
clo?+1 b inw>dly !y are rav5+ wolves4   
,ye %all "k1 !m by _! fruits4 ,d m5 ga!r
 grapes ( ?orns or figs ( ?i/les8  ,=   
unto e "o t ha? to him %all be giv5 & he
 %all h abundance2 b f him t ha? n %all 
be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?4          
,:]esoev] ! c>cass is1 !re are !        
vultures ga!r$ toge!r4  ,give n t :i* is
 holy unto ! dogs1 nei!r ca/ ye y\r     
pe>ls be=e sw9e1 le/ !y trample !m "u   
foot & turn aga9 & r5d y4 ,simil>       
prov]bs may be ga!r$ f o!r s\rces4 ,!   
,p]sian says1 ,x is folly to give       
comfits to a c[2 ! ,veman1 ,?\gh y ano9t
 an ass all ov] ) p]fumes1 x feels n y\r
 fondness1 b w turn aga9 & kick y2 !    
,telugu asks1 ,:at c a pig d ) a        
rose-bottle8 ! ,tamul says1 ,l read+ a  
portion ( ! ,v$a to a c[ ab\t to gore y2
 & aga91 ,?\gh religi\s in/ruction be   
:isp]$ into ! e> ( an ass1 no?+ w come (

 x b ! accu/om$ bray+4  ,!y t are :ole  
ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are sick4 ,su*
 say+s ( ,jesus are true prov]bs &      
in/ances ( g5u9e wit4  ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*  
says1 ,any "o :o by aft] inve/igation1  
has s\ght to discov] h[ mu* our ru/ic   
he>]s c>ry away ev5 f s]mons to :i* !y h
 att5tively li/5$1 w f9d x is h>dly ev] 
! c\rse or t5or ( ! argum5t1 suppos+ !  
disc\rse to h conta9$ su*2 b if any?+ is
 utt]$1 z x us$ s (t5 to be by ! be/    
,puritan prea*]s1 t]sely1 po9t$ly &     
epigrammatically1 ?is w h /ay$ by !m    
:ile all ! re/ has pass$ away4 ,great   
prea*]s to ! p1 su* z h ev] f\nd _! way 
to ! univ]sal he>t ( _! fell[s1 h ev]   
be5 great employ]s ( prov]bs4 ,?is      
pr9ciple helps to expla9 :y1 9 ! case ( 
,jesus1 ! common p he>d him gladly4     
,,vi4 ,,rep>tee4   ,he t c def9e1 he t c
 answ] a "q s z to admit ( no fur!r     
answ]1 is ! be/ man4 ,jesus sp5t 8 life 
conv]s+ ) humble p on life & duty1 9    
giv+ wise answ]s1 %[+ t he saw at a l>g]
 angle ( vision1 & at lea/ sil5c+ ^? :o 

7 n g5]\s en\gh to accept 8             
?\ghts4--,em]son4     ,,rep>tee4      ,&
 no "o 0 able to answ] him a ^w1 nei!r  
dur/ any man f     t day =? ask him any 
m que/ions4--,mat!w4   ,! pres5t *apt]  
br+s u to ! subject ( ,rep>tee4 ,( ?is  
=m ( wit1 ,pr(essor ,mat!ws says1 ,no?+ 
is m admirable1 no?+ m quickly enli/s   
our sympa?ies1 ?an ?is p]fect comm& &   
quick1 in/antane\s conc5tration ( !     
faculties1 :5 a man is tak5 at a        
disadvantage & has to repel an          
ins9uation or an insult at a mom5t's    
w>n+4 ,t felicity ( in/antane\s analysis
 :i* we call read9ess1 has sav$ ?\s&s ( 
m5 f mortification or contempt4 ,!      
dextr\s leap ( ?\ght by :i* ! m9d       
escapes f a seem+ly hopeless dilemma is 
wor? m ?an all ! logic & le>n+ ( ! _w4  
,! impromptu reply1 says ,moli]e1 is    
precisely ! t\*/one ( wit4  ,! pages ( !
 ,bible are sometimes enliv5$ by %>p    
rep>tees4 ,! m5 ( old "t1 ! m5 ( !      
,hebrew nation1 und]/ood ! p[] ( ! quick
 & fla%+ answ]1 z well z m mod]n        

g5]ations4 ,johnson & ,foote & ,%]idan  
might h f\nd x by no means easy to hold 
_! own 9 ,judea4 ,x is v likely t _!    
p[]s w\ld h be5 put to ! sev]e/ te/4    
,i4  ,turn+ to ! pages ( ! old ,te/am5t1
 we f9d _m /rik+ examples4  ,b5-hadad   
s5ds ^w to ! k+ ( ,israel1 ?reat5+ to   
de/roy 8 army4 ,! k+ ( ,israel replies1 
,tell him1 ,let n him t girde? on 8     
h>ness1 boa/ himself z he t putte? x (f4
  ,amaziah desir$ w> ) ,jehoa%4 ,he s5ds
 to him say+1 ,come1 let u look "o ano!r
 9 ! face4 ,jehoa% simply responds to ! 
presumptu\s *all5ge1 ,! ?i/le t 0 9     
,lebanon s5t to ! c$> t 0 9 ,lebanon1   
say+1 ,give ?y daught] to my son to     
wife4 ,& !re pass$ by a wild bea/ t 0 9 
,lebanon & trod d[n ! ?i/le4  ,job      
retorts ^u ,zoph>1 aft] a we>isome      
recital ( dre>y commonplaces int5d$ =   
com=t1 ,no d\bt b ye are ! p1 & wisdom w
 die ) y4 ,b ,i h und]/&+ z well z y2 ,i
 am n inf]ior to y2 yea1 :o kn[e? n su* 
?+s z ^!8 ,to ! spee* introduc$ by ^!   
words1 ,eliphaz %>ply replies1 ,art ?\ !

 fir/ man t 0 born8 or wa/ ?\ made be=e 
! hills8 ,ha/ ?\ he>d ! secret ( ,god1 &
 do/ ?\ re/ra9 wisdom to ?yself8 ,:at   
kn[e/ ?\ t we "k n8 ,:at und]/&e/ ?\ :i*
 is n 9 u8 ,) u are bo? ! gray-head$ & v
 ag$ m51 mu* eld] ?an ?y fa!r4 ,^u ?is  
latt] s5tim5t ,elihu expresses himself  
:5 he f9ds opportunity to put 9 a ^w2   
,great m5 are n always wise1 nei!r d !  
ag$ und]/& judgm5t4  ,inde$ ! ,book (   
,job ab\nds 9 %>p spee*es & replies z   
cutt+ z ! spee*es !y answ]4 ,! suff]]   
ob/9ately refuses to accept _! !ory ( 8 
affliction or to adopt ! rem$ies 8      
fri5ds propose4 ,ye are =g]s ( lies1 he 
exclaims1 ye are physicians ( no value4 
,o t ye w\ld altoge!r hold y\r peace1 & 
x %\ld be y\r wisdom4 ,9 response to ?is
 appeal1 ,eliphaz becom+ piqu$ proce$s  
to adm9i/] consolation ) ! la%3 ,%all a 
wise man utt] va9 k1 & fill 8 belly ) ! 
ea/ w9d8 ,%\ld he reason ) unpr(itable  
talk or ) spee*es :]e) he c d no good8  
,i h he>d _m su* ?+s1 cries ! wret*$    
,job1 mis]able com=t]s are ye all4 ,if  

y\r s\l 7 9 my s\l's /ead1 ,i c\ld heap 
up words aga9/ y1 & %ake m9e head at y2 
b ,i w\ld /r5g!n y ) my m\?1 & ! mov+ ( 
my lips %\ld assuage y\r grief4  ,!re 7 
"s ^w-battles betwe5 ,sanballat &       
,nehemiah :ile ! latt] 0 try+ to build !
 walls ( ,j]usalem1 & ! =m] 0 do+ 8 be/ 
to h9d] ! ent]prise4 ,come1 says        
,sanballat1 let u meet toge!r 9 "o ( !  
villages 9 ! pla9 ( ,ono1--let u be     
fri5dly1 let u h a pleasant visit       
toge!r1--b he ?\ght to d me mis*ief4 ,! 
crafty ,sanballat did n take ! build] ( 
,j]usalem napp+4 ,nehemiah replies1 ,i  
am do+ a great "w s t ,i c n come d[n2  
:y %\ld ! "w cease :il/ ,i leave x to   
come d[n to y8 ,are y\r wi%es ( su*     
mighty importance1 ,o ,sanballat t ,i   
%\ld leave ! ,"l's "w8 ,mu/ ! build+    
cease t ,i may gratify y\r :im8 ,g to1  
,sanballat1 g to2 ,i c n come d[n4 ,my  
"w is great & noble2 ?\ art a trifl] &  
hypocrite6 ,9 precisely ?is ve9 0       
,spurgeon's reply to ! pi\s bore :o s5t 
up ^w1 ,tell him a s]vant ( ! ,"l wi%es 

to see him4 ,x 0 ,saturday aft]noon1 &  
,spurgeon repli$1 ,tell him ,i am busy )
 8 ,ma/]6  ,sanballat w h at him aga93  
,x is report$ among ! hea!n1 & ,ga%mu   
said x1 t ?\ & ! ,jews ?9k to rebel2 =  
:i* cause ?\ builde/ ! wall t ?\ maye/  
be _! k+1 accord+ to ^! words4 ,& ?\ ha/
 appo9t$ prophets to prea* ( !e at      
,j]usalem1 say+1 ,!re is a k+ 9 ,judah2 
& n[ %all x be report$ to ! k+ accord+  
to ^! words4 ,come n[1 !re=e1 & let u   
take c\nsel toge!r4 ,to ?is tissue (    
falsehoods manufactur$ by ! m5daci\s    
,ga%mu1 ,nehemiah fla%es back )         
indignation1 ,!re are no su* ?+s z ?\   
saye/1 b ?\ feigne/ x out ( ?9e own     
he>t4 ,nehemiah comes v ne> giv+ :at    
,t\*/one w\ld call ! lie direct1 & he   
gives x )\t ! qualify+ ,if4  ,rob]t     
,colly] has ! foll[+ comm5t ^u ,ga%mu1  
:o 0 quot$ by ,sanballat z au?ority = ! 
*>ge t ,nehemiah 0 go+ to set up = a k+3
 ,?is only1 ?is "o ?+ is left3 ,a good  
man 0 do+ a good "w ) all 8 might1 & bad
 m5 tri$ to h9d] him4 ,!y tri$ to hurt 8

 p]son4 ,ga%mu 0 above t4 ,he 0 none (  
y\r common r[dies4 ,sanballat & ,tobiah 
might d t1 b n ,ga%mu2 yet ,ga%mu w sit 
!re & nurse 8 dislike1 & be glad to he> 
! petty /ories t float l ?i/l$[n ?r\gh !
 neighborhood aga9/ ! innoc5t man2 words
 are twi/$ & turn$ to mean+s ,nehemiah  
nev] ?\ght (1 & ,ga%mu hopes !y are     
true2 he wi%es !y 7 true2 ! wi% is fa!r 
to ! ?\ght1 & he believes !m4 99 99 99  
,s ,ga%mu has p]mitt$ 8 prejudices to   
gr[ into a lie4 ,ga%mu is to live ?\s&s 
( ye>s = "o purely false ass]tion1 & to 
be ! repres5tative man ( unpr9cipl$     
gossips & n>r[ bigots z long z ! _w /&s4
  ,ano!r illu/ration4 ,:5 ! woman1 9 "t 
( fam9e1 appeal$ to ! ,k+ ( ,israel z he
 pass$ by1 ,help1 my "l1 ,o ,k+1 he     
turn$ ^u h] ) ! some:at grim rejo9d]1   
,if ! ,"l d n help !e1 :5ce %all ,i help
 !e8 ,h] case 0 hopeless1 if ! ,"l c\ld 
d no?+4  ,al?\gh ! resemblance is n v   
/rong1 ?is incid5t sugge/s a /ory (     
,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,x calls to m9d ! way 9
 :i* he took rev5ge ^u ,biagio di       

,ces5a4 ,?is c\rti] v5tur$ to criticise 
8 ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,) a swift /roke he    
turn$ ! ,m9os ( ! fresco into a lik5ess 
( 8 critic4 ,biagio compla9$ to ! ,pope4
 ,:]e has he plac$ y8 inquir$ !         
,pontiff4 ,9 ,hell1 said ,biagio4 ,i am 
sorry1 repli$ ! ,pope2 ,if x _h be5 9   
,purgatory1 some?+ might h be5 done1 b 9
 ,hell ,i h no jurisdiction4   ,,ii4    
,examples ( prompt & ke5 retort are n   
conf9$ to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,:5 we turn  
to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we f9d additional   
illu/rations4  ,:5 ,paul 0 mak+ 8 def5ce
 be=e ! ,c\ncil1 he said1 ,m5 & bre?r51 
,i h liv$ 9 all good consci5ce be=e ,god
 until ?is day4 ,?is decl>ation (       
innoc5ce (f5d$ ! ,high ,prie/ ,ananias1 
& he comm&$ ^? :o /ood by1 to smite !   
speak] on ! m\?4 ,?is rais$ !           
indignation ( ,paul1 & ) ! swiftness (  
an arr[ he transfix$ ! ,prie/1 ,god %all
 smite !e1 ?\ :it$ wall2 = sitte/ ?\ to 
judge me aft] ! law & comm&e/ me to be  
smitt5 contr>y to ! law8 ,?is 0 und]/ood
 z a bolt ( invective by ^? :o he>d x1 =

 !y ask$ 9 al>m1 ,revile/ ?\ ,god's     
,high ,prie/8 ,! answ] ( ,paul 0 a /ill 
m subtle s>casm3 ,i wi/ n1 bre?r51 t he 
0 ! ,high ,prie/4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 !       
conduct ( ! man to betok5 ! dignity ( 8 
(fice4 ,god's ,high ,prie/ mu/ surely be
 fair & imp>tial4 ,god's ,high ,prie/   
w\ld nev] c\nsel viol5ce4 ,! mi/ake1    
,paul w\ld imply1 0 p]fectly natural &  
excusable4  ,!re is a /ory ( ,john      
,r&olph n unlike ?is4 ,inde$1 ! s>casm  
is ! same 9 _s & purpose4 ,paul admitt$ 
t "o mu/ n revile ,god's ,high ,prie/1 b
 he did n p]ceive t ! ,high ,prie/ 0    
pres5t4 ,! co>se1 l\d1 ill-temp]$ p]son 
:o comm&$ to smite him on ! m\? c\ld n  
be ,high ,prie/6 ,! foll[+ 0 ! occasion 
( ,r&olph's s>casm3 ,dur+ ! w9t] ( #ahcd
 a memb] ( ! ,h\se1 to :om he 0 mu*     
atta*$1 di$4 ,8 place 0 tak5 by a "y    
man1 va9 & ambiti\s1 :o began 8 c>e] by 
mak+ a bitt] attack on ,mr4 ,r&olph4 ,no
 reply 0 made by ! latt]4 ,sev]al days  
pass$1 :5 a "q came up 9 :i* he 0 deeply
 int]e/$1 & he deliv]$ a v e>ne/ &      

impressive spee*4 ,z he clos$1 he said1 
,i %\ld n1 ,mr4 ,speak]1 h return$ to   
press ?is matt] ) s mu* e>ne/ness1 _h n 
my views possess$ ! sanction &          
concurr5ce ( my late dep>t$ fri5d1 ^:   
seat1 ,i lam5t1 is n[ unhappily vacant4 
,h[ skillfully1 9 ! /ory ( ! "y man :o  
_h be5 heal$ ( 8 bl9dness1 does !       
subject ( ! cure p>ry ! ?ru/s ( !       
synagogue au?orities6 ,give ,god !      
praise1 !y exhort1 we "k t ?is man is a 
s9n]6 ,:e!r he be a s9n] or no1 says !  
"y man1 ,i c n tell2 "o ?+ ,i "k t :]eas
 ,i 0 bl9d1 n[ ,i see4 ,?us repuls$1 !y 
beg9 aga94 ,:at did he to !e8 ,h[ op5$  
he ?9e eyes8 ,he replies1 ,i h told y   
already1 & ye did n he>2 :]e=e w\ld ye  
he> x aga98 ,w ye also be 8 disciples8  
,/ung to ! quick1 !y revile him1 ,?\ art
 8 disciple1 b we are ,moses' disciples4
 ,we "k t ,god spake unto ,moses1 b z = 
?is fell[ we "k n f :5ce he is6         
,?or\ghly ar\s$1 ! "y man s5ds home to  
!m a f9al ?ru/3 ,:y h]e9 is a m>vel\s ?+
 t ye "k n f :5ce he is1 & yet he ha?   

op5$ m9e eyes8 ,n[ we "k t ,god he>e? n 
s9n]s2 b if any man be a wor%ipp] ( ,god
 & doe? 8 w1 him he he>e?4 ,s9ce ! _w   
began1 0 x n he>d t any man op5$ ! eyes 
( "o born bl9d4 ,if ?is man 7 n ( ,god1 
he c\ld d no?+6 ,abuse & excision alone 
rema9 to ! rul]s ( ! synagogue4 ,?\ wa/ 
altoge!r born 9 s9s1 & do/ ?\ tea* u8 ,&
 !y ca/ him out4 ,excommunication is !  
sole answ] ( prie/-craft & bigotry to   
reason4   ,,iii4  ,to _m read]s x may   
seem impi\s to say t "u ! head (        
,rep>tee we mu/ classify _m ( ^? words (
 ,jesus ) :i* he cuts ?r\gh ! sophi/ry (
 oppon5ts & dis5tangles himself f ! webs
 t are wov5 ab\t him4 ,let x be         
rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t we are deal+ ) 8     
utt]ances simply z lit]ature2 ) _!      
religi\s significance1 we are n n[      
conc]n$4 ,we are discuss+ ! say+s (     
,jesus z we w\ld ! say+s ( ,johnson or  
,goldsmi?4  ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ in/ances  
is f\nd 9 ! controv]sy ov] exorcism4 ,:5
 ! scribes :o came d[n f ,j]usalem *>g$1
 ,he ha? ,beelzebub & by ! pr9ce ( !    

devils ca/s he out devils1 he quickly   
r$uc$ ! accusation to an absurdity3 ,h[ 
c ,satan ca/ out ,satan8 ,if he rise up 
aga9/ himself & be divid$1 he _c /&1 b  
ha? an end4 ,he goes fur!r--,if ,i by   
,beelzebub ca/ out devils1 by :om d y\r 
*ildr5 ca/ !m out8  ,!re 0 "o occasion1 
h[ev]1 :5 ,jesus himself seems to h be5 
vanqui%$ by a swift rejo9d]4 ,:5 !      
,syro-,ph5ician woman came to him 9     
behalf ( h] daught]1 9 ord] to te/ h]   
fai? he said1--,let ! *ildr5 fir/ be    
fill$1 = x is n meet to take ! *ildr5's 
bread & to ca/ x unto ! dogs4 ,yes1 ,"l1
 %e answ]$1 yet ! dogs "u ! table eat ( 
! *ildr5's crumbs4 ,^! words came f a   
bright intellect z well z f a tru/+     
he>t4 ,jesus appreciat$ ! ke5ness ( !   
reply no less ?an ! confid5ce x         
express$4 ,= ?is say+ g ?y way2 ! devil 
is gone out ( ?y daught]4 ,= once1 says 
,macbe?1 ,jesus 0 refut$ & t by 8 own   
figure2 & he wi%$ to be refut$4  ,h[ we 
enjoy su* a dilemma z ! "o 9 :i* he     
plac$ ! *ief prie/s & ! scribes & !     

eld]s6 ,!y ask$ him1 ,by :at au?ority   
doe/ ?\ ^! ?+s8 ,& :o gave !e au?ority  
to d ^! ?+s8 ,i w also ask ( y "o "q1   
says ,jesus1 & answ] me1 & ,i w tell y  
by :at au?ority ,i d ^! ?+s--! baptism (
 ,john1 0 x f heav51 or ( m58 answ] me4 
,& !y reason$ ) !mselves1 say+1 ,if we  
%all say f heav51 he w say1 ,:y !n did  
ye n believe him8 ,b if we %all say (   
m51--!y fe>$ ! p2 = all m5 c\nt$ ,john t
 he 0 a prophet1 inde$4 ,& !y answ]$ &  
said unto ,jesus1 ,we c n tell4 ,&      
,jesus answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,nei!r    
tell ,i y by :at au?ority ,i d ^! ?+s4  
,ano!r "t came to ,jesus ,scribes &     
,ph>isees :i* 7 ( ,j]usalem1 say+1 ,:y d
 ?y disciples transgress ! tradition ( !
 ,eld]s8 = !y wa% n _! h&s :5 !y eat    
bread8 ,h[ quick & effective ! reply3   
,:y d ye also transgress ! comm&m5t (   
,god by y\r tradition8 ,no?+ c\ld be    
said 9 response4 ,! "q 0 absolutely     
clos$4 ,! disciples violate y\r         
tradition8 ,v good2 b :at does y\r      
tradition violate8 ,c we n see 8        

oppon5ts1 fall+ back beat51 knitt+ _!   
br[s1 tak+ c\nsel toge!r1 plann+ "s     
ov]:elm+ defeat = ?is impud5t "y h]etic8
 ,:at ,!rsites said ( ,ajax w\ld well   
apply to !m3 ,he bites 8 lips ) a       
politic reg>d1 z :o %\ld say1 ,!re 7 wit
 9 ?is head an' 'tw\ld out2 & s !re is1 
b x lies z coldly 9 him z fire 9 a fl9t1
 :i* w n %[ )\t knock+4  ,:5 ! woman    
p\r$ ! spik5>d on ! head ( ,jesus1      
,judas1 ! virtu\s ,judas1 =soo?6 made   
objection4 ,:y 0 n ?is o9tm5t sold =    
?ree hundr$ p5ce & giv5 to ! poor8 ,:y  
n1 inde$1--= ,judas is cu/odian ( ! poor
 fund4 ,judas1 returns 8 ,ma/]1--& !re 0
 pa?os z well z rebuke 9 !              
words1--,judas1 ! poor ye h ) y always1 
& :5ev] ye w1 ye may d !m good4 ,?is 0 !
 fir/ "t ,judas _h ev] manife/$ any     
solicitude = ! poor4 ,b me1 ye h n      
always4 ,judas 0 sil5c$2 b he began to  
brood rev5ge4 ,soon he /ole out & w5t to
 ! *ief prie/s4 ,he _h n secur$ ! price 
( ! spik5>d1 b he w\ld indemnify himself
 by sell+ 8 ,ma/]6  ,) :at reli% d we   

read ! tr5*ant replies ( ,jesus to !    
,scribes & ,ph>isees & ,h]odians :o _h  
leagu$ to entangle him 9 8 talk4 ,easily
 z ,samson broke ! gre5 )es1 did he     
break ! v]bal fett]s !y =g$4 ,9 !       
resurrection1 !y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5
 9 m>riage6 ,r5d] unto ,caes> ! ?+s t   
are ,caes>'s1 & unto ,god ! ?+s t are   
,god's4 ,:at c be m admirable view$     
simply z rep>tee1--z illu/rations ( !   
dext]\s leap ( ?\ght by :i* ! m9d       
escapes f a seem+ly hopeless dilemma8   
,if "o 7 to read su* fragm5ts ( ,gospel 
hi/ory = ! fir/ "t1 )\t ! idea t he mu/ 
atta* a solemn & awful mean+ to e ^w1 h[
 w\ld he delight 9 ^! intellectual      
conte/s & hail ! g5ius ( ! victor6      
,aft] ! besieg]s1 9 ! prec$+ incid5t1 _h
 exhau/$ _! fruitless +5uity1 ,jesus    
turns ^u !m ) ! "q1 ,:at ?9k ye ( ,*ri/8
 ,^: ,son is he8 ,! ,son ( ,david1 !y   
feebly mutt]4 ,h[ !n do? ,david call him
 ,"l8 ,if ,david call him ,"l1 h[ is he 
8 son8 ,t end$ ! controv]sy4 ,! comb9$  
=ces ( !ology & politics retir$ 9       

confusion1 evid5tly look+1 z ,dick5s    
said ( ! portraits ( ! ,d$lock family1 z
 if !y did n "k :at to make ( x4 ,!y _h 
lo/ ! battle4 ,"o c imag9e ! evangeli/  
:o aft]w>ds wrote ! acc\nt1 almo/ *uckl+
 ) inw>d satisfaction1 z he recall$ !   
sc5e & record$ ! result3 ,& no man 0    
able to answ] him a ^w1 nei!r dur/ any  
man f t day ask him any m que/ions4     
,,vii4 ,wit & ,logic4   ,:o w\ld say t  
tru? ought to /& dis>m$ aga9/ falsehood1
 or t ! enemies ( ! fai? %all be at     
lib]ty to fright5 ! fai?ful ) h>d words 
or je] at !m ) lively sallies ( wit1    
:ile ! ,*ri/ians ought nev] to write    
except ) a coldness ( /yle en\gh to set 
! read] asleep8--,augu/9e4     ,,wit ,,&
 ,,logic4       ,i 0 n gone f> be=e ,i  
he>d ! s\nd ( trumpets & al>ms1     :i* 
seem$ to proclaim ! m>* ( an ,enemy2 & z
 ,i aft]w>ds     f\nd 0 9 reality :at ,i
 appreh5d$ x4 ,!re appe>$ at a great    
di/ance a v %9+ light1 & 9 ! mid/ ( x a 
p]son ( mo/     beautiful aspect2 h] "n 
0 ,tru?4 ,on h] "r h&1 !re     m>*$ a   

male deity1 :o bore sev]al quiv]s on 8  
%\ld]s1 &     grasp$ sev]al arr[s 9 8   
h&4 ,8 "n 0 ,wit4--,addison4   ,9 h]    
essay on ,he9e1 ,george ,eliot writes3  
,e "o :o has _h ! opportunity ( mak+ !  
comp>ison1 w rememb] t ! effect produc$ 
on him by "s witticisms is closely ak9  
to ! effect produc$ on him by subtle    
reason+ :i* lays op5 a fallacy or       
absurdity2 & !re are p]sons ^: delight 9
 su* reason+ always manife/s itself 9   
laught]4 ,?is aff9ity ( wit )           
ratioc9ation is ! m obvi\s 9 proportion 
z ! species ( wit is high] & deals less 
) words & ) sup]ficialities ?an ) !     
ess5tial qualities ( ?+s4 ,"s ( ,dr4    
,johnson's mo/ admirable witticisms     
consi/ 9 ! sugge/ion ( an analogy :i*   
imm$iately exposes ! absurdity ( an     
action or proposition2 & x is only _!   
+5uity1 cond5sation & in/antane\sness   
:i* lift !m f reason+ into wit4 ,!      
op9ion ( ,george ,eliot has be5 %>$ by  
o!rs4 ,pitt decl>$ t all wit is true    
reason+1 & ,rog]s says t wit is tru?4 ,a

 ,fr5* writ] has obs]v$ t reason ne$s to
 be arm$ ) ! t]rible epigram4 ,& ev5    
solemn ,john ,milton writes ( ,plato's  
dialogues1 ,!re is sc>ce "o ( !m1       
especially :]e9 "s notable sophi/] lies 
sweat+ & turmoil+ "u ! inevitable &     
m]ciless dilemmas ( ,socrates1 b he t   
reads1 7 x ,saturn himself1 w\ld be     
robb$ ( m ?an a smile4  ,!re are 9      
lit]ature abundant examples ( ! cond5s$ 
logic ( wit1--! logic t exposes a       
fallacy1 answ]s an objection & demoli%es
 an argum5t1 )\t resort+ to major & m9or
 premise & =mal conclusion4 ,"o or two (
 ^! may pave ! way to ! ma9 purpose (   
?is *apt]4 ,:]e 0 y\r ,prote/ant ,*ur*  
be=e ,lu!r8 ask$ a ,ca?olic ( ,wilkes4  
,did y wa% y\r face ?is morn+8 said     
,wilkes4 ,i did1 sir4 ,:]e 0 y\r face   
be=e y wa%$ x8 ,! logic ( wit z employ$ 
by ,dr4 ,johnson1 is ref]r$ to by       
,george ,eliot4 ,on "o occasion x 0     
debat$ :e!r a cl]gyman :o _h five ye>s  
be=e be5 guilty ( "s grave s9 %\ld be   
re9/at$4 ,johnson inquir$ :e!r ! man _h 

rep5t$4 ,x 0 admitt$ t he _h4 ,!n1 said 
,johnson1 if he has rep5t$1 is he n good
 en\gh to g to heav58 ,c]ta9ly4 ,:y1    
sir1 !n !re is no objection4 ,a man :o  
is good en\gh to g to heav5 is good     
en\gh to be a cl]gyman4 ,johnson d5\nc$ 
,"l ,bol+broke 9 ! foll[+ immortal      
analogy3 ,sir1 he 0 a sc\ndrel & a c[>d2
 a sc\ndrel = *>g+ a blund]buss aga9/   
religion & morality1 a c[>d because he  
_h n resolution en\gh to fire x (f      
himself1 b left half-a-cr[n to a begg>ly
 ,scot*man to draw ! trigg] aft] 8 dea?4
  ,a c]ta9 cl]gyman :o _h be5 addict$ to
 bawl+ & ro>+ 9 ! pulpit said1 ,i once  
?\ght x 0 ! ?und] t kill$1 & "k n[ t x  
is ! lightn+ t does ! execution4 ,i mean
 to ?und] less & light5 m4 ,sir ,?omas  
,ov]bury punctures c]ta9 pret5sions ?us3
 ,! man :o has n any?+ to boa/ ( b 8    
illu/ri\s ance/ors1 is l a potato--!    
only good belong+ to him is und]gr\nd4  
,?ompson1 ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 def5d$ !
 ,radicals aga9/ ! attacks ( ! ,:igs 9  
?is mann]3 ,noah 0 a ,radical :51 he>+ !

 _w 0 to be dr[n$1 he w5t ab\t su* a    
commons5se proce$+ z mak+ = himself a   
%ip to swim 94 ,an ant$iluvian ,:ig w\ld
 h laid toge!r half-a-doz5 /icks = an   
ark & call$ x a 'virtual repres5tation4'
  ,! pr9ciple t und]lies ^! in/ances is 
obvi\s4 ,! =m may v>y b 9 e case !re is 
an analogy t s]ves all ! purposes ( =mal
 logic1--an analogy :i* imm$iately      
exposes ! absurdity ( an action or      
proposition4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,bible       
und]/ood & employ$ ! same pr9ciple4     
,i4  ,"o ( ! be/ examples ( its use is  
f\nd 9 ,na?an's p>able4 ,he goes to     
,david & tells him3 ,!re 7 two m5 9 our 
city2 ! "o ri*1 ! o!r poor4 ,! ri* man  
_h exce$+ _m flocks & h]ds2 b ! poor man
 _h no?+ save "o little ewe lamb1 :i* he
 _h br\ght & n\ri%$ up2 & x grew up     
toge!r ) him & ) 8 *ildr52 & x did eat (
 8 own meat & drank ( 8 own cup1 & lay 9
 8 bosom1 & 0 unto him z a daught]4 ,&  
!re came a travell] unto ! ri* man1 & he
 sp>$ to take ( 8 own flock & ( 8 own   
h]d to dress x = ! wayf>+ man t 0 come  

unto him2 b took ! poor man's lamb &    
dress$ x = ! man t 0 come unto him4 ,su*
 an action is s atroci\s t x k9dles     
,david's wra?4 ,he little suspects !    
purpose ( ! wily prophet4 ,z ! ,"l      
live?1 he cries1 ! man t ha? done ?is ?+
 %all surely die6 ,& he %all re/ore !   
lamb f\r-fold because he did ?is ?+1 &  
because he _h no pity4 ,bew>e1 ,david1  
bew>e6 ,?is ,ne/or-prophet1 ?is ,na?an (
 ! subtle wit & ke5-edg$ tongue ha?     
digg$ a pit = !e & ?\ ha/ fall5 into x4 
,swiftly ! prophet smites ! bewild]$ k+ 
) ! conclusion1 ,?\ art ! man6 ,c\ld a  
volume ( reason+ h s impress$ ,david ) !
 enormity ( 8 crime z ?is simple analogy
 ( ,na?an8  ,a simil> in/ance is f\nd 9 
! fir/ book ( ,k+s4 ,ahab ! k+ ( ,israel
 _h all[$ ! ,syrian g5]al1 ,b5-hadad1 to
 escape4 ,"o ( ! prophets1 det]m9$ to   
rebuke him1 disguis$ himself & sat by ! 
wayside1 wait+ until ! k+ %\ld pass by4 
,& z ! k+ pass$ by1 he cri$ unto ! k+ & 
said3 ,?y s]vant w5t out into ! mid/ ( !
 battle1 & behold a man turn$ aside &   

br\ght a man unto me & said1 ,keep ?is  
man2 if by any means he be miss+1 !n    
%all ?y life be = 8 life or else ?\ %alt
 pay a tal5t ( silv]4 ,& z ?y s]vant 0  
busy "h & !re he 0 gone4 ,ahab does n   
suspect ! sn>e ( ! prophet4 ,:at w\ld my
 "l1 ! k+1 decide8 ,%all ?y s]vant pay !
 =feit8 ,& ! k+ ( ,israel said unto him1
 ,s %all ?y judgm5t be2 ?yself ha?      
decid$ x4 ,& he made ha/e1 remov$ 8     
disguise1 & said to ! k+3 ,?us sai? !   
,"l3 ,because ?\ ha/ let g out ( ?9e h& 
a man :om ,i _h appo9t$ to utt]         
de/ruction1 !re=e ?y life %all g = 8    
life1 & ?y p = 8 p4 ,ahab has judg$     
himself4 ,no wond] he 0 vex$4 ,& ! k+ ( 
,israel w5t to ! h\se heavy & displeas$4
 ,no?+ s disconc]ts "o z ! recoil ( 8   
own logic4  ,let u place side by side ) 
^! illu/rations "o or two pieces ( !    
same k9d ( reason+ f ,%akespe>e4 ,!     
,c\rt ,fool endeavors to %[ ,le> 8 own  
pitiful lack ( wisdom 9 giv+ away 8     
k+dom to 8 daught]s3--                  
,,fool4--,nuncle1 give me an egg1 &     

,i'll give !e two cr[ns4                
,,le>4--,:at two cr[ns %all !y be8      
,,fool4--,:y1 aft] ,i h clove ! egg i' !
 middle & eat up !     meat1 ! two cr[ns
 ( ! egg4 ,:5 ?\ clove/ ?y cr[n i' !    
middle & gave/ away bo? p>ts1 ?\ bore/  
?9e ass on ?y back     o'er ! dirt2 ?\  
had/ little wit 9 ?y bald cr[n :5 ?\    
gave/ ?y gold5 "o away4  ,^u ano!r      
occasion ! foll[+ dialogue occurs3--    
,,fool4--,can/ ?\ tell h[ an oy/] makes 
8 %ell8      ,,le>4--,no4               
,,fool4--,nor ,i nei!r2 b ,i c tell :y a
 snail has a h\se4      ,,le>4--,:y8    
,,fool4--,:y to put 8 head 92 n to give 
x away to 8 daught]s     & leave 8 horns
 )\t a case4  ,le> is s /ung ) ! s5se ( 
8 folly by ^! analogies ( 8 je/] t he   
exclaims 9 rage & bitt]ness1 ,i %all    
=get my nature6 ,x is ! argum5t (       
,na?an1 ,?\ art ! man4  ,^u ! same      
pr9ciple1 b 9 a diff]5t way1 ! ,psalmi/ 
reasons ) ^? :o slay ! wid[ & ! /rang] &
 murd] ! fa!rless1 & :o say1 ,! ,"l %all
 n see1 nei!r %all ! ,god ( ,jacob reg>d

 x4 ,?us he argues3 ,und]/&1 ye bruti%  
among ! p2 & ye fools1 :5 w ye be wise8 
,he t plant$ ! e>1 %all he n he>8 he t  
=m$ ! eye1 %all he n see8  ,"u ?is head 
mu/ we also place ! judgm5t ( ,solomon1 
:5 ! two wom5 came be=e him1 ea* claim+ 
! liv+ *ild4 ,!n said ! k+1 ,! "o sai?1 
,?is is my son t live? & ?y son is dead2
 & ! o!r sai?1 ,nay2 b ?y son is ! dead 
& m9e is ! liv+ "o4 ,& ! k+ said1 ,br+  
me a sword4 ,& !y br\ght a sword be=e ! 
k+4 ,& ! k+ said1 ,divide ! liv+ *ild 9 
two & give half to "o & half to ! o!r4  
,!n spoke ! woman ^: ! liv+ *ild 0 unto 
! k+1 = h] he>t ye>n$ ^u h] son1 & %e   
said1 ,o my ,"l1 give h] ! liv+ *ild & 9
 no wise slay x4 ,b ! o!r said1 ,let x  
be nei!r ?9e nor m9e1 b divide x4 ,!n ! 
k+ answ]$ & said1 ,give h] 7! fir/7 !   
liv+ *ild1 & 9 no wise slay x2 %e is !  
"m !re(4 ,solomon _h to use a %>p       
argum5t1 b he settl$ ! controv]sy4      
,,ii4  ,! sugge/ion ( an analogy t      
imm$iately exposes ! absurdity ( an     
action or proposition1 0 ! favorite     

me?od ( argum5t ) ,jesus4  ,he spun no  
metaphysical cobwebs1 he us$ no long    
*a9s ( l9k$ propositions2 x is no       
irrev]5ce to say t 8 quick wit 0 8 ma9  
reliance4 ,9 a s5t5ce or two1 ) a       
simple1 homely figure1 he r$uc$ to an   
absurdity ! conduct he c5sur$ & !       
proposition he oppos$4  ,on "o occasion 
he 0 ask$1 ,is x lawful to heal on !    
,sabba? day8 ,:at man %all !re be among 
y1 he answ]$1 t %all h "o %eep1 & if x  
fall into a pit on ! ,sabba? day1 w he n
 lay hold on x & br+ x out8 ,h[ mu* m1  
!n1 is a man bett] ?an a %eep8 ,:]e=e x 
is lawful to d well on ! ,sabba? day4   
,at ano!r "t ! same subject came up4    
,because ,jesus _h heal$ on ! ,sabba?   
day1 ! rul] ( ! synagogue 0 fill$ )     
indignation & made a v grotesque        
spectacle ( himself4 ,he /orm$1 scold$1 
& ro>$ to ! p1 ,!re are six days 9 :i*  
m5 ought to "w2 9 !m !re=e come & be    
heal$1 & n on ! ,sabba? day4 ,jesus     
answ]$3 ,?\ hypocrite1 do? n ea* "o ( y 
on ! ,sabba? loose 8 ox or 8 ass f !    

/all & lead him away to wat]+8 ,& ought 
n ?is woman1 be+ a daught] ( ,abraham1  
:om ,satan ha? b\nd1 lo1 ^! eighte5     
ye>s1 be loos$ f ?is bond on ! ,sabba?  
day8 ,! indignant rul] _h to smo!r 8    
wra?4 ,& :5 he 7,jesus7 _h said ^! ?+s1 
all 8 adv]s>ies 7 a%am$4 ,! p enjoy$ _! 
confusion1 & evid5tly applaud$ !        
%>p-witt$ "y prophet :o _h sil5c$ !     
fault-f9d+ tongues ( ! rul]s4 ,all ! p  
rejoic$ = ! glori\s ?+s t 7 done by him6
  ,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 7 once murmur+
 & compla9+ t he m+l$ ) publicans &     
s9n]s1 & ev5 condesc5d$ to eat ) !m4 ,& 
,jesus answ]+ said unto !m1 ,!y t are   
:ole ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are sick4
 ,i came n to call ! righte\s1 b s9n]s  
to rep5tance6  ,:5 ! ,ph>isees &        
,sadducees desir$ t he w\ld %[ !m a sign
 f heav51 he answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,:5 
x is ev5+1 ye say t x w be fair wea!r = 
! sky is r$4 ,& 9 ! morn+1 ,x w be f\l  
wea!r to-day2 = ! sky is r$ & l[]+4 ,o1 
ye hypocrites1 ye c disc]n ! face ( !   
sky2 b c ye n disc]n ! signs ( ! times8 

,he uses ess5tially ! same argum5t = a  
simil> reque/3 ,:5 ye see a cl\d rise   
out ( ! ,we/1 /raightway ye say1 ,!re   
come? a %[]1 & s x is4 ,& :5 ye see !   
,s\? w9d bl[1 ye say1 ,!re w be heat1 & 
x come? to pass4 ,ye hypocrites1 ye c   
disc]n ! face ( ! sky & ( ! e>?2 b h[ is
 x t ye d n disc]n ?is "t8 ,says ,geike1
 ,) bit+ irony1 he turn$ on !m 9 a few  
brief1 incisive s5t5ces4 99 99 99 ,an   
evil & adult]\s g5]ation seeks aft] a   
sign ( ! approa* ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 :ile
 x is bl9d to ! signs ar\nd t ! ,messiah
 mu/ come1 if ! nation is n to p]i%4  ,9
 a simil> mann] he %[s h[ ridicul\s are 
! d\bts ( ^? :o fe> t ,god w n answ]    
pray]4 ,if a son ask bread ( any ( y t  
is a fa!r1 w ye give him a /one8 ,h[ ?is
 mu/ h arre/$ ! att5tion ( 8 auditors2  
h[ !y began to li/51 curi\s to "k :at 0 
com+ next4 ,or if he ask a fi%1 w he = a
 fi% give him a s]p5t8 ,n[ !y ex*ange   
glances z mu* z to say1 ,no1 no2 surely 
we w\ld n d t6 ,b only = a mom5t4 ,!    
expectant faces are aga9 turn$ ^u !     

,great ,tea*]4 ,or if he %all ask an    
egg1 w he (f] him a scorpion8 ,no1 no6 &
 n[ !y are eag] = ! conclusion3 ,if ye  
!n be+ evil1 "k h[ to give good gifts   
unto y\r *ildr51 h[ mu* m %all y\r      
,heav5ly ,fa!r give ! ,holy ,_s to !m t 
ask him8 ,x is ! climax ( absurdity = y 
to ?9k t y are bett] ?an ,god1 & w d m =
 y\r *ildr5 ?an ! ,great ,fa!r w d = 8  
*ildr56  ,! disciples ( ,jesus came to  
tell him t ! ,ph>isees are (f5d$ at "s (
 8 say+s4 ,8 only reply is1 ,let !m     
alone2 !y be bl9d lead]s ( ! bl9d4 ,& if
 ! bl9d lead ! bl9d1 bo? %all fall into 
! dit*4  ,:5 he *>ges ! ,ph>isees ) ti?+
 m9t1 anise1 & cumm91 :ile neglect+     
judgm5t1 m]cy & fai?1 he /amps _!       
conduct ) an analogy t makes !m ludicr\s
 =ev]1 ,ye bl9d guides :i* /ra9 out a   
gnat & swall[ a camel4  ,at d9n]1 he 0  
rebuk$ by 8 ho/ = p]mitt+ a p5it5t woman
 to wa% 8 feet ) h] te>s & wipe !m ) !  
hairs ( h] head4 ,simon1 calmly return$ 
! gue/1 ,i h some:at to say to !e4      
,ma/]1 ,say on4 ,jesus !n proce$s to    

impale him ^u ! foll[+ "q3 ,!re 0 a     
c]ta9 cr$itor :i* _h two debtors2 ! "o  
ow$ him five hundr$ p5ce1 ! o!r fifty4  
,& :5 !y _h no?+ to pay1 he frankly     
=gave !m bo?4 ,tell me1 !re=e1 :i* ( !m 
w love him mo/8 ,simon und]/&s :i!r ! "q
 t5ds1 & sl[ly & reluctantly comes 8    
answ]3 ,i--suppose--t--he--to--:om--he--
 =gave mo/4 ,?\ ha/ rightly judg$4 ,yes1
 ,simon1 b ?\ ha/ condemn$ ?yself &     
ju/ifi$ ! woman4  ,! /ory ( ! v9ey>d &  
its application are simil> to ,na?an's  
p>able4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 h\sehold] :i*    
plant$ a v9ey>d1 & h$g$ x r\nd ab\t &   
digg$ a w9e-press 9 x1 & built a t[]1 & 
let x out to husb&m51 & w5t into a f>   
c\ntry4 ,& :5 ! "t ( ! fruit drew ne>1  
he s5t 8 s]vants to ! husb&m51 t !y     
might receive ! fruits ( x4 ,& ! husb&m5
 took 8 s]vants1 & beat "o1 & kill$     
ano!r1 & /on$ ano!r4 ,aga9 he s5t o!r   
s]vants1 m ?an ! fir/2 & !y did unto !m 
likewise4 ,b la/ ( all1 he s5t unto !m 8
 ,son2 say+1 ,!y w rev]5ce my ,son4 ,b  
:5 ! husb&m5 saw ! ,son1 !y said among  

!mselves1 ,?is is ! heir2 come1 let u   
kill him1 & let u seize on ! inh]itance4
 ,& !y caught him & ca/ him out ( !     
v9ey>d1 & slew him4  ,?is is ! /ory4    
,jesus turns to ! ,ph>isees3 ,:5 ! ,"l1 
!re=e1 ( ! v9ey>d come?1 :at w he d unto
 ^! husb&m58 ,prie/s & ,ph>isees are    
mov$ ) indignation4 ,?is is horrible2 x 
almo/ exce$s belief4 ,^? husb&m5 7      
mon/]s ( +ratitude & wick$ness6 ,!      
,ph>isees answ]3 ,he w mis]ably de/roy  
^? wick$ m51 & w let out 8 v9ey>d unto  
o!r husb&m51 :i* %all r5d] him ! fruits 
9 _! seasons4  ,fatal answ] = y1 ,o     
,scribes & ,ph>isees6 ,!re=e ,i say unto
 y1 ! ,k+dom ( ,god %all be tak5 f ,,y1 
& giv5 to a nation br++ =? ! fruits     
!re(4 ,!re is a t\* ( humor 9 ,mat!w's  
description ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! real      
object ( ?is /ory dawn$ ^u ! m9ds ( !   
he>]s4 ,& :5 ! ,ph>isees _h he>d 8      
p>able1 !y p]ceiv$ t he spake ( !m4 ,are
 we n irresi/ibly rem9d$ ( ,fal/aff1 :5 
! fairies 9 ! =e/ turn$ out to be fle% &
 blood1 ,i d beg9 to p]ceive t ,i am    

made an ass8 ,d we n feel ab\t _m ( ^!  
cond5s$ argum5ts ( ,jesus1 z ,milton did
 ab\t ! sophi/ sweat+ & turmoil+ "u !   
inevitable & m]ciless dilemmas (        
,socrates1 t he :o reads1 7 x ,saturn   
himself1 w\ld be robb$ ( m ?an a smile8 
,let u add by way ( comp>ison1 a passage
 f ! ,a!nian ,ma/]4 ,"h is a fragm5t (  
dialogue ^u ! enslav+ p[] ( money4      
,come1 n[1 & let u reason ) ! unju/ :o  
is n int5tionally 9 error4 ',sweet sir1'
 we w say to him1 ':at ?9k y ( ?+s      
e/eem$ noble & ignoble8 ,is n ! noble t 
:i* subjects ! bea/ to ! man1 or r to ! 
god 9 man8 & ! ignoble t :i* subjects ! 
man to ! bea/8' ,he c h>dly avoid say+  
,yes1--c he n[8  ,n if he has any reg>d 
= my op9ion4  ,b if he admit ?is1 we may
 ask him ano!r "q1--,h[ w\ld a man pr(it
 if he receiv$ gold & silv] on condition
 t he 0 to enslave ! noble/ "p ( him to 
! wor/8 ,:o c imag9e t a man :o sold 8  
son or daught] into slav]y = money1     
especially if he sold !m into ! h&s (   
fi]ce & evil m51 w\ld be ! ga9]1 h[ev]  

l>ge might be ! sum :i* he receiv$8 ,& w
 any "o say t he is n a mis]able caitiff
 :o sells 8 own div9e be+ to t :i* is   
mo/ a!i/ical & dete/able1 & has no pity8
  ,?is selection w enable u to see t !  
me?od commonly us$ by ,socrates 0       
ess5tially ! me?od t ,jesus s frequ5tly 
employ$4   ,,iii4  ,:5 we pass on to o!r
 portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we f9d     
examples ( ! same k9d ( reason+ 9 ,james
 & ,paul4  ,mo/ admirably does ,james %[
 ! futility ( fai? )\t works4 ,:at %all 
x pr(it1 my bre?r51 ?\gh a man say he   
ha? fai? & ha? n works8 ,c fai? save    
him8 ,if a bro!r & si/] be nak$ &       
de/itute ( daily food1 & "o ( y say unto
 !m1 ,dep>t 9 peace1 be ye w>m$ & fill$2
 not)/&+ ye give !m n ^? ?+s :i* are    
ne$ful to ! body1 :at do? x pr(it8 ,ev5 
s fai?1 if x ha? n works1 is dead1 be+  
alone4  ,! class ( p ref]r$ to by ,james
 are aptly describ$ by ,field+ 9 ! "* ( 
,pet] ,p\nce4 ,sir1 said ,adams1 my     
def9ition ( *>ity is a g5]\s disposition
 to relieve ! di/ress$4 ,!re is some?+ 9

 t def9ition1 answ]$ ,pet]1 :i* ,i l    
well en\gh2 x is1 z y say1 a disposition
 to d x1 & does n s mu* consi/ 9 ! act z
 9 ! disposition to d x4 ,b1 alas6 ,mr4 
,adams1 :o are meant by ! di/ress$8     
,believe me1 ! di/resses ( mank9d are   
mo/ly imag9>y1 & x w\ld be r folly ?an  
goodness to relieve !m4 ,sure1 sir1     
repli$ ,adams1 hung] & ?ir/1 cold &     
nak$ness1 & o!r di/resses :i* att5d !   
poor1 c nev] be said to be imag9>y      
evils4 ,h[ c any man compla9 ( hung]1   
said ,pet]1 9 a c\ntry :]e su* excell5t 
salads are to be ga!r$ 9 almo/ e field8 
or ( ?ir/1 :]e e riv] & /ream produce   
su* delici\s potations8 ,& z = cold &   
nak$ness1 !y are evils introduc$ by     
luxury & cu/om4 ,a man naturally wants  
clo!s no m ?an a horse or any o!r       
animal2 & !re are :ole nations :o g )\t 
!m4 ,pet] ,p\nce w\ld h said to ! bro!r 
or si/] nak$ & de/itute ( daily food1   
,dep>t 9 peace2 be ye w>m$ & fill$4  ,! 
decl>ation ( ,james t fai? )\t works is 
dead1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! say+s ( o!rs     

also3      ,sweet words1 empty          
h&s4--,telugu4      ,k9dness1 b no      
milk4--,urdu4      ,?\gh !y are bro!rs1 
_! pockets are n si/]s4--,turk4      ,x 
is n by say+ ,honey1 ,honey1 t sweetness
 comes into !     m\?4--,ib4      ,8    
words leap ov] =ts1 8 feet d n cross !  
?re%old4--,telugu4      ,if y d n ask me
 = food & raim5t1 ,i w c>e = y z my     
own *ild4--,ib4  ,equally admirable is t
 comp>ison ( ,paul 9 :i* he lik5s !     
,*ur* to ! human body & %[s ! folly (   
jeal\sy & s*ism3 ,if ! foot %all say1   
,because ,i am n ! h&1 ,i am n ( ! body2
 is x !re=e n ( ! body8 ,if ! :ole body 
7 an eye1 :]e 7 ! he>+8 ,if ! :ole 7    
he>+1 :]e 7 ! smell+8  ,v pleasantly1 b 
v effectually1 does he rem9d ^? :o      
pr(ess$ to speak ) tongues a sort (     
sup]natural language1 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian 
assemblies1 t x 0 bett] to speak five   
words ) ! und]/&+ ?an t5 ?\s& words 9 an
 unkn[n tongue4 ,an illu/ration s]ves 8 
purpose4 ,ev5 ?+s )\t life1 giv+ s\nd1  
:e!r pipe or h>p1 except !y give a      

di/9ction 9 s\nd1 h[ %all x be kn[n :at 
is pip$ or h>p$8 ,= if ! trumpet give an
 unc]ta9 s\nd1 :o %all prep>e himself = 
battle8 ,s likewise ye1 except ye utt]  
by ! tongue words easy to be und]/ood1  
h[ %all x be kn[n :at is spok58 = ye    
%all speak into ! air4  ,paul ma9ta9s ! 
"r ( ^? :o e/abli% & tea* *ur*es1 to be 
support$ by ^? *ur*es4 ,x 0 a "r ^u :i* 
he did n always insi/ 9 8 own case2 b he
 f\ght = x z a great pr9ciple4 ,m9e     
answ] to !m t d exam9e me is ?is3 ,h we 
n ! p[] 7! "r7 to eat & dr9k8 ,!        
objector w\ld admit ?is4 ,v well6 ,:o   
goe? a w>f>e any "t at 8 own *>ges8 ,:o 
plante? a v9ey>d & eate? n ( ! fruit    
!re(8 or :o fe$e? a flock1 & eate? n ( !
 milk ( ! flock8 99 99 99 ,if we h s[n  
unto y 9 spiritual ?+s1 is x a great ?+ 
if we %all reap ( y\r c>nal ?+s8 99 99  
99 ,d ye n "k t !y :i* m9i/] ab\t holy  
?+s live ( ! ?+s ( ! temple8 ,!y :i*    
wait at ! alt> are p>tak]s ) ! alt>8    
,ev5 s ha? ! ,"l orda9$ t !y :i* prea* !
 gospel %\ld live ( ! gospel4 ,!re is no

 ga9say+ ?is argum5t4 ,! analogy is     
unansw]able4  ,already once or twice 9  
?is *apt]1 ref]5ce has be5 made to      
,socrates & 8 me?od4 ,mu* ( ! foll[+    
passage w\ld apply equally well to      
,jesus or ,james or ,paul3 ,he g5]ally  
beg9s ) "s "q1 app>5tly s simple1 s     
/upidly simple1 & at su* a di/ance f !  
field ( discussion1 t 8 oppon5t (t5     
hesitates :e!r mo/ to admire ! docility 
or wond] at ! /upidity ( ! qu]i/1 & ) a 
complac5t smile1 half ( pity1 half (    
contempt1 promptly replies4 ,o!r        
que/ions succe$ fa/] & fa/]1 m & m      
difficult1 & gradually approa*+1 9 "o   
long spiral ( int]rogations1 ! c5tral   
position 9 :i* ! unhappy sophi/'s       
argum5t /&s4 ,he n[ f9ds x impossible to
 escape1 & conf\nd$1 p]plex$ & irritat$1
 discov]s t he is compell$ to admit "s  
palpable contradiction to 8 orig9al     
ass]tions1 & ?is too by means ( ^?      
simple & innoc5t premises :i* he _h s   
unsuspect+ly grant$4 ,he feels himself  
)9 ! coils ( a great logical            

boa-con/rictor :o b9ds 8 folds toge!r   
tight] & tight] till ! poor sophi/ is   
absolutely /rangl$4     ,,viii4 ,,!     
,,use ,,( ,,ridicule ,,9 ,,! ,,old      
,,te/am5t4   ,wisdom crie? )\t2 %e      
utt]e? h] voice 9 ! /reets2 %e crie? 9 !
 *ief place ( conc\rse1 9 ! op5+s ( !   
gates2 9 ! city %e utt]e? h] words1     
say+1 ,h[ long ye simple ones w ye love 
simplicity8 ,& ! scorn]s delight 9 _!   
scorn+1 & fools hate k8 ,turn y at my   
repro(6--,solomon4     ,,! ,,use ,,(    
,,ridicule ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4     
,! olde/ jibe 9 lit]ature is ! ridicule 
( false     religion4--,em]son4      ,he
 t sitte? 9 ! heav5s %all laugh3 ! ,"l  
%all hold !m     9 d]ision4--,psalms4   
,9 ! ,bible1 ! elem5ts ( wit & humor are
 effectively employ$ 9 deal+ ) ! s9s (  
m54 ,evil do+1 9 its v>i\s motives &    
manife/ations1 is d5\nc$1 r5d]$         
repulsive1 made gha/ly & t]rible1 & :5  
ev]y?+ else has be5 done1 x is exhibit$ 
z grotesque & ludicr\s4 ,s9 is ! great  
absurdity ( ! univ]se4 ,7 x n s tragic1 

x w\ld %ake ! v heav5s ) laught]4  ,"o (
 ! old ,engli% poets has ^! l9es3--     
,he :o does n tremble at ! sword1       
,:o quails n ) 8 head ^u ! block1       
,turn b a je/ aga9/ him1 loses he>t2    
,! %afts ( wit slip ?ro' ! /\te/ mail4  
,!re is no man alive t c live d[n     ,!
 inext+ui%able laught] ( mank9d4  ,) ?is
 fact ! writ]s ( ! ,bible 7 q z well    
acqua9t$ z are ! writ]s ( mod]n times4  
,!y took advantage ( x = ! same purpose4
  ,( ?is we may be sure1 says ,hazlitt1 
t ridicule fa/5s on ! vuln]able po9ts ( 
a cause1 & f9ds out ! weak sides ( an   
argum5t2 if ^? :o resort to x sometimes 
rely too mu* on its success1 ^? :o are  
*iefly annoy$ by x almo/ always are s ) 
reason1 & c n be too mu* ^u _! gu>d     
aga9/ des]v+ x4  ,into he>ts imp]vi\s to
 all else1 ! writ]s ( ! ,bible drove !  
javel9s ( ridicule4   ,! ,slugg>d4   ,if
 any?+ c\ld make a lazy man feel        
uncom=table1 x w\ld be su* ?orns z ^?   
,solomon has plant$ 9 8 pill[3--      ,i
 w5t by ! field ( ! slo?ful1     ,& by !

 v9ey>d ( ! man void ( und]/&+2     ,&  
lo6 x 0 all gr[n ov] ) ?orns1     ,!    
face !re( 0 cov]$ ) nettles1     ,& !   
/one wall !re( 0 brok5 d[n4     ,!n ,i  
beheld & consid]$ well1     ,i saw &    
receiv$ in/ruction3     ',a little      
sleep1 a little slumb]1     ,a little   
fold+ ( ! h&s to sleep4'     ,s %all ?y 
pov]ty come z a robb]1     ,& ?y want z 
an arm$ man4        99       99       99
       99       99      ,h[ long wilt ?\
 sleep1 ,o slugg>d1     ,:5 wilt ?\ r\se
 !e out ( ?y sleep8   ,! ,unfai?ful     
,fri5d4  ,if any?+ c\ld make an         
unfai?ful & deceitful fri5d1 "o :o      
pr(esses mu* 9 times ( prosp]ity & p]=ms
 no?+ 9 times ( ne$1 a%am$ ( himself1 x 
w\ld be su* a comp>ison z we f9d 9 !    
book ( ,job3--      ,my bre?r5 are      
deceitful1 l ! brook     ,z ! *annel (  
brooks t pass away1     ,!y become      
turbid f ice1     ,! sn[ hides itself 9 
!m4     ,at ! "t !y are p\r$ (f1 !y     
fail2     ,:5 x is hot !y are consum$ f 
_! place4     ,! c>avans along _! way   

turn aside2     ,!y g up into ! wa/es & 
p]i%4     ,! c>avans ( ,tema look$1     
,! companies ( ,%eba hop$ = !m2     ,!y 
7 a%am$ t !y _h tru/$1     ,!y came ?i!r
 & 7 conf\nd$4  ,! fri5ds ( ,job 7 l    
/reams 9 ! e>ly spr+1 :5 melt+ ice & sn[
 fill$ _! *annels1 & ! wat]s 7 n ne$$2 b
 9 ! heat ( summ]1 :5 fa9t+ c>avans     
look$ = refre%m5t1 dry & du/y4   ,!     
,drunk>d4  ,if any?+ c\ld move a drunk>d
 to =swe> 8 cups & lead a sob] life1 x  
w\ld be su* a s>ca/ic description ( him 
z t :i* foll[s3--      ,:o ha? woe8 ,:o 
ha? sorr[8 ,:o ha? cont5tion8     ,:o   
ha? compla9+8 ,:o ha? w\nds )\t cause8  
,:o ha? r$ness ( eyes8     ,!y t t>ry   
long at ! w9e1     ,!y t g to try mix$  
w9e4        99       99       99        
99       99      ,?9e eyes %all behold  
/range ?+s1     ,& ?y he>t %all utt]    
fr[>d ?+s1     ,yea ?\ %alt be z he t   
lie? d[n 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea1     ,or z he 
t lie? ^u ! top ( a ma/4  ,! poem closes
 ) a t]rible ?ru/4 ,aft] ! folly ( !    
drunk>d has be5 describ$1 8 physical &  

m5tal condition po9t$ out--! r$ eyes1 ! 
/range ?+s se5 9 delirium1 ! incoh]5t   
babbl+1 ! un/eady gait1 ! surr\nd+      
p]ils1--! devotee ( /rong dr9k is made  
to exclaim1 ,:5 %all ,i awake8 ,i w seek
 x yet aga96 ,kn[+ its effects1 suff]+ 9
 m9d & body f 8 potations1 su* is !     
incorrigible /upidity ( ! w9e-bibb] t he
 no soon] wak5s f 8 drunk5 slumb] ?an he
 goes =? to seek aga9 ! s\rce ( 8       
wret*$ness6   ,! ,idolat]4  ,n[h]e is ! 
use ( ridicule by ! writ]s ( ! ,old     
,te/am5t display$ to bett] advantage ?an
 9 _! treatm5t ( idolatry4 ,aga9/ ?is s9
 !y br\ght to be> ! mo/ pot5t weapons ( 
_! wit4 ,none ( ! res\rces ( expression 
7 left untri$4 ,witness ! )]+ irony )   
:i* ,elijah mock$ ! frantic prie/s (    
,baal3 ,& x came to pass t at noon      
,elijah mock$ !m & said1 ,cry al\d1 = he
 is a god2 ei!r he is talk+1 or he is   
pursu+1 or he is 9 a j\rney1 or         
p]adv5ture he sleepe? & mu/ be awak$4   
,no f9] bit ( irony c be f\nd 9 any     
lit]ature4 ,inde$1 we may reg>d x z !   

mo/ p]fect specim5 extant ( ?is species 
( wit4  ,j]emiah exclaims1 ,z ! ?ief is 
a%am$ :5 he is f\nd1 s is ! h\se (      
,israel a%am$2 !y1 _! k+s1 _! pr9ces &  
_! prie/s1 & _! prophets1 say+ to a     
/ock1 ,?\ art my fa!r1 & to a /one1 ,?\ 
ha/ br\ght me =?4  ,! ,psalmi/ ?us      
speaks ( ! gods ( ! hea!n3      ,!y h   
m\?s1 b !y speak n2     ,eyes h !y1 b !y
 see n2     ,noses h !y1 b !y smell n2  
,!y h h&s1 b !y h&le n2     ,feet h !y1 
b !y walk n2     ,nei!r speak !y ?ro' _!
 ?roat4  ,hav+ ?us describ$ !           
s5selessness & impot5ce ( ! gods ( !    
hea!n1 he adds3      ,!y t make !m are l
 unto !m1     ,s is ev]yone t tru/e? 9  
!m4  ,9 a simil> ve9 ,j]emiah ridicules 
! idols3 ,= ! cu/oms ( ! p are va92 = "o
 cutte? a tree out ( ! =e/1 ! "w ( ! h&s
 ( ! workman1 ) ! axe4 ,!y deck x )     
silv] & ) gold2 !y fa/5 x ) nails & )   
hamm]s t x move n4 ,!y are upright z !  
palm tree1 b speak n2 !y mu/ ne$s be    
borne1 because !y c n g4 ,be n afraid ( 
!m2 = !y c n d evil1 nei!r also is x 9  

!m to d good4 99 99 99 ,! /ock is a     
doctr9e ( vanities4  ,isaiah satirizes !
 idolat]s 9 ?is fa%ion3 ,!y %all be     
turn$ back1 !y %all be greatly a%am$ t  
tru/ 9 grav5 images1 !y t say to ! molt5
 images1 ,ye are our gods4 ,he> ye deaf1
 & look ye bl9d t ye may see4 ,:o is    
bl9d b my s]vant8 or deaf z my mess5g] t
 ,i s5t8 ,:o is bl9d z he t is p]fect 79
 8 own e/imation71 & bl9d z is ! ,"l's  
s]vant8 ,see+ _m ?+s1 b ?\ obs]ve/ n2   
op5+ ! e>s1 b he he>e? n4 99 99 99 ,:o  
among y w give e> to ?is & he>k5 & he> =
 "t to come8  ,ezekiel decl>es t1 on    
acc\nt ( _! idolatries1 ! p h become z  
wor?less z a )]$ v9e4 ,no?+ useful c be 
made out ( x4 ,x is only fit = ! fire4  
,:at is ! v9e tree m ?an any tree1 or   
?an a bran* :i* is among ! trees ( !    
=e/8 ,%all wood be tak5 !re( to d any   
"w8 or w m5 take a p9 ( x to hang any   
vessel !reon8 ,behold x is ca/ into !   
fire = fuel2 ! fire dev\re? bo? ! ends (
 x1 & ! mid/ ( x is burn$4 ,is x meet = 
any "w8 ,behold1 :5 x 0 :ole1 x 0 meet =

 no "w2 h[ mu* less %all x be meet yet =
 any "w1 :5 ! fire ha? dev\r$ x1 & x is 
burn$8 ,!re=e1 ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god3 ,z !
 v9e tree among ! trees ( ! =e/1 :i* ,i 
h giv5 to ! fire = fuel1 s w ,i give !  
inhabitants ( ,j]usalem4  ,!re is an    
elaborate piece ( s>casm 9 ! =ty-f\r?   
*apt] ( ,isaiah3 ,he hewe? him d[n c$>s1
 & take? ! cypress & ! oak :i* he       
/r5g!ne? = himself among ! trees ( !    
=e/2 he plante? an a% & ! ra9 do? n\ri% 
x4 ,!n %all x be = a man to burn2 = he w
 take !re( & w>m himself2 yea1 he k9dle?
 x & bake? bread4 ,! tree :i* ?is       
idolat] takes has gr[n up z any o!r     
tree1 & aft] x is cut d[n1 x is devot$  
to ! same ord9>y uses4 ,yet out ( t v   
tree1 he make? a god & wor%ippe? x2 he  
make? a grav5 image1 & falle? d[n !reto4
  ,! prophet repeats & amplifies1 ,he   
burne? "p !re( 9 ! fire2 ) "p !re( he   
eate? fle%1 he roa/e? roa/ & is         
satisfi$2 yea1 he w>me? himself & sai?1 
,aha1 ,i am w>m1 ,i h se5 ! fire2 & !   
residue !re( he make? a god1 ev5 8 grav5

 image2 he falle? d[n unto x & wor%ippe?
 x1 & praye? unto x & sai?1 ,deliv] me1 
= ?\ art my ,god4  ,!n he concludes3 ,& 
none consid]e? 9 8 he>t1 nei!r is !re k 
nor und]/&+ to say1 ,i h burn$ "p ( x 9 
! fire2 yea1 also ,i h bak$ bread ^u !  
coals !re(2 ,i h roa/$ fle% & eat5 x2 & 
%all ,i make ! residue !re( an          
abom9ation8 ,%all ,i fall d[n to ! /ock 
( a tree8 ,! idolat] does n see1 does n 
consid] :at an abject simpleton he is to
 make a god out ( ! same mat]ial ) :i*  
he bakes bread & roa/s meat4 ,x is z if 
! prophet %\ld say1 ,:at sort ( a god is
 t1 ,o ,israel1 ) :i* y d y\r broil+ &  
bak+8  ,rob]t ,s\? comm5ts on ?is       
passage3 ,) "o "p he furni%es 8 *imney1 
) ! o!r 8 *apel4 ,a /range ?+ t ! fire  
mu/ consume ?is "p & burn inc5se to t6  
,z if !re 7 m div9ity 9 "o end ( ! /ick 
?an 9 ! o!r2 or z if x c\ld be pa9t$ &  
grav5 omnipot5t1 or ! nails & hamm] c\ld
 give x an apo!osis4  ,! fatali/ic      
excuse :i* ! p make = _! idolatries &   
o!r s9s1 is ?us dispos$ ( by ,j]emiah3  

,behold ye tru/ 9 ly+ words t c n pr(it4
 ,w ye /eal1 murd]1 & commit adult]y1 & 
swe> falsely1 & burn inc5se unto ,baal1 
& walk aft] o!r gods :om ye "k n2 & come
 & /& be=e me 9 ?is h\se :i* is call$ by
 my "n1 & say1 ,we are deliv]$ to d all 
^! abom9ations8 ,is ?is h\se :i* is     
call$ by my "n become a d5 ( robb]s 9   
y\r eyes8   ,refuges ( ,lies4  ,isaiah  
*>ges ! rul]s ( ! p ) =sak+ ! ^w ( !    
,"l1 & sub/itut+ = 8 tru? false maxims &
 iniquit\s precepts4 ,!y refuse to obey 
! div9e comm&s1 & lead _! subjects also 
into rebellion4 ,!y h adopt$ o!r rules (
 life ?an ^? deliv]$ by ! prophets (    
,jehovah1--o!r national policy ?an t    
promulgat$ f above4 ,9 _! ov]we5+ pride 
& self-confid5ce1 !y look ) disda9 ^u ! 
requirem5ts ( ,god4 ,isaiah repres5ts !m
 z say+1 ,we h made a cov5ant ) dea?1 & 
) hell are we at agreem5t2 :5 ! ov]fl[+ 
sc\rge %all pass ?r\gh1 x %all n come   
unto u2 = we h made lies our refuge1 &  
"u falsehood h we hid ourselves4 ,b !   
prophet w>ns !m t _! fanci$ security    

%all be brok5 up4 ,judgm5t also w ,i lay
 to ! l9e & righte\sness to ! plummet2 &
 ! hail %all sweep away ! refuge ( lies1
 & ! wat]s %all ov]fl[ ! hid+-place4 ,& 
y\r cov5ant ) dea? %all be disannul$1 & 
y\r agreem5t ) hell %all n /&4 ,:5 !    
ov]fl[+ sc\rge %all pass ?r\gh1 !n ye   
%all be trodd5 d[n by x4 ,he pauses a   
mom5t1 aft] ?is /ra9 ( invective1 & !n  
s>ca/ically describes ! insuffici5cy (  
_! refuges by ano!r figure1 ludicr\s    
en\gh1 t ( a man try+ to /ret* himself  
^u too %ort a b$1 & to cov] himself )   
too n>r[ a blanket4 ,= ! b$ is %ort] ?an
 t a man c /ret* himself on x2 & ! cov]+
 n>r[] ?an t he c wrap himself 9 x4     
,false ,prophets4  ,ezekiel tells u t ! 
^w ( ! ,"l came to him1 say+1 ,son (    
,man1 prophesy aga9/ ! prophets (       
,israel t prophesy1 & say unto !m t     
prophesy out ( _! own he>ts1 ,he> ye !  
^w ( ! ,"l4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god3 ,woe  
unto ! fooli% prophets t foll[ _! own _s
 & h se5 no?+4 ,o ,israel1 ?y prophets  
are l ! foxes 9 ! des]t4 99 99 99 ,!y h 

se5 vanity & ly+ div9ation1 say+1 ,! ,"l
 sai?2 & ! ,"l ha? n s5t !m4 ,^!        
prophets 7 endeavor+ to soo! ! p1 to    
cov] up _! s9s1 to dissipate _! fe>s (  
retribution4 ,!y h s$uc$ my p1 say+1    
peace1 :5 !re is no peace4 ,!n ,ezekiel 
describes _! "w4 ,!y are l fooli% masons
 :o build a wall ) mort> t w n hold !   
/ones toge!r1--untemp]$ mort>6 ,c su* "w
 la/8 ,c su* a /ructure /&8 ,say unto !m
 :i* daub x ) untemp]$ mort> t x %all   
fall4 ,!re %all be an ov]fl[+ %[]2 & ye1
 ,o great hail-/ones1 %all fall2 & a    
/ormy w9d %all r5d x4 ,lo6 :5 ! wall is 
fall51 %all x n be said unto y1 ,:]e is 
! daub+ :]e) ye h daub$ x8 ,did ye n    
boa/ ( y\r mort>8 ,did ye n promise ! p 
t x w\ld hold8 ,alas = y1 ,o prophets6  
,alas = y\r "w6 ,! wall is no m1 nei!r  
!y t daub$ x2 to wit1 ! prophets (      
,israel :i* prophesy conc]n+ ,j]usalem1 
& :i* see visions ( peace = h]1 & !re is
 no peace1 sai? ! ,"l4  ,mo/            
contemptu\sly does ,isaiah speak ( !    
false prophets3 ,! ,"l w cut (f f       

,israel1 head & tail1 bran* & root1 9 "o
 day4 ,! anci5t & honorable1 he is !    
head2 & ! prophet t tea*e? lies1 he is !
 tail4   ,! ,k+ ( ,assyria4  ,isaiah    
ridicules ! high & mighty pret5sions ( !
 ,k+ ( ,assyria4 ,t mon>* boa/s ( 8     
a*ievem5ts4 ,he takes ! cr$it ( all to  
himself4 ,he we>s ! glory alone4 ,by !  
/r5g? ( my own h&1 ,i h done x1 & by my 
wisdom2 = ,i am prud5t2 & ,i h remov$ ! 
b\nds ( ! p1 & h robb$ _! treasures1 &  
,i h put d[n ! inhabitants l a valiant  
man4 ,fal/aff c\ld n proclaim 8 own     
pr[ess1 9 m bomba/ic /yle4 ,i am a      
rogue1 if ,i 7 n at half-sword ) a doz5 
( !m two h\rs toge!r4 ,i h 'scap$ by    
miracle3 ,i am eight times ?ru/ ?r\gh ! 
d\blet2 f\r ?r\gh ! hose2 my buckl] cut 
?r\gh & ?r\gh2 my sword hack$ l a h&saw4
 ,i nev] dealt bett] s9ce ,i 0 a man4   
,n[ let ! ,assyrian resume 8 p>able3 ,& 
my h& ha? f\nd z a ne/ ! ri*es ( ! p2 & 
z "o ga!re? eggs t are left1 h ,i ga!r$ 
all ! e>?2 & !re 0 none t mov$ ! w+1 or 
op5$ ! m\?1 or peep$4 ,fal/aff w mat*   

him aga93 ,!re is n a dang]\s action c  
peep out 8 head1 b ,i am ?ru/ ^u x4     
,well1 ,i c n la/ = ev]2 b x 0 always   
yet ! trick ( our ,engli% nation1 if !y 
h a good ?+1 to make x too common4 99 99
 99 ,i w\ld to ,god my "n 7 n s t]rible 
to ! enemy z x is6  ,! prophet1 aft]    
all[+ ! ,assyrian to s\nd 8 braz5       
trumpet1 turns ^u him1 & s>ca/ically    
rem9ds him t he is simply a tool1 a rod1
 a /aff1 9 ! h&s ( ! ,"l1 & t he has (  
himself accompli%$ no?+3 ,%all ! axe    
boa/ itself aga9/ him t hewe? !re)8 or  
%all ! saw magnify itself aga9/ him t   
%ake? x8 z if ! rod %\ld %ake itself    
aga9/ !m t lift x up1 or z if ! /aff    
%\ld lift itself up z if x 7 no wood6   
,! ,k+ ( ,babylon4  ,"o ( ! mo/ p[]ful  
passages ( invective 9 any lit]ature is 
t 9 :i* ,isaiah pictures ! fall ( ! ,k+ 
( ,babylon4  ,he beg9s--,h[ ha? !       
oppressor ceas$6 ,!n he sets =? ! joy ( 
! e>? itself ov] ! discomfiture ( him :o
 smote ! p 9 wra? ) a cont9ual /roke4   
,all creation is glad4 ,! :ole e>? is at

 re/ & is quiet2 !y break =? into s++4  
,yea1 ! fir-trees rejoice at !e1 & !    
c$>s ( ,lebanon1 say+1 ,s9ce ?\ art laid
 d[n1 no fell] is come up aga9/ u4 ,?is 
is ! /ate ( ?+s on e>?4  ,!re is        
commotion 9 ! l[] _w1 !re is mock]y ( ! 
humiliat$ mon>* z he desc5ds among !    
%ades4 ,hell f b5ea? is mov$ = !e to    
meet !e at ?y com+2 x /irre? up ! dead =
 !e1 ev5 all ! *ief ones ( ! e>?2 x ha? 
rais$ up f _! ?rones all ! k+s ( !      
nations4  ,! %ad[y1 gho/ly company ga!r 
ab\t ! fall5 pot5tate & taunt him3 ,art 
?\ also become weak z we8 ,art ?\ become
 l unto u8 ,?y pomp is br\ght d[n to !  
grave1 & ! noise ( ?y viols2 ! worm is  
spread "u !e1 & ! worms cov] !e4 ,h[ art
 ?\ fall5 f heav51 ,o ,lucif]1 son ( !  
morn+6 h[ art ?\ cut d[n to ! gr\nd :i* 
did weak5 ! nations6 ,= ?\ ha/ said 9   
?9e he>t1 ,i w asc5d into heav51 ,i w   
exalt my ?rone above ! />s ( ,god3 ,i w 
be l ! ,mo/ ,high6 ,yet ?\ %alt be      
br\ght d[n to hell1 to ! sides ( ! pit4 
,!y t see !e %all n>r[ly look ^u !e &   

consid] !e1 say+1 ,is ?is ! man t made !
 e>? to tremble1 t did %ake k+doms1 t   
made ! _w z a wild]ness1 & de/roy$ !    
cities !re(8  ,!n ! prophet concludes3  
,all ! k+s ( ! nations1 ev5 all ( !m1   
lie 9 glory1 e "o 9 8 own h\se4 ,b ?\   
art ca/ out ( ?y grave l an abom9able   
bran*1 & z ! raim5t ( ^? t are sla91    
?ru/ ?r\gh ) a sword1 t g d[n to ! /ones
 ( ! pit1 z a c>cass trodd5 "u feet6  ,x
 is tru?fully rem>k$ t ke5 ?ru/s & t+l+ 
ironies w r\se ! slumb]+1 />tle ! /olid1
 %ame ! pr(ligate1 & set ! ?\ghtless to 
?9k+4 ,:ile x is true t ridicule is n ! 
te/ ( tru?1 x is equally c]ta9 t x is   
only by ridicule t _m dull-witt$ &      
s9-/eep$ p]sons c be made to see & feel 
! tru?4 ,x w\ld be well = mank9d 9      
g5]al1 if all c\ld be made to feel t    
wick$ness is z contemptible z x is      
hateful4 ,!re is a /upidity 9 s91 a     
?ick1 rh9oc]os sk9 ( ins5sibility1 :i*  
only ! fea!r-w+$ arr[s ( wit c pi]ce4   
,iniquity has a pa*yd]mat\s hide1 & c   
feel only :5 coals ( fi]y ridicule are  

laid ^u its back1 & bl[n by ! brea? (   
laught]4     ,,ix4 ,,! ,,use ,,(        
,,ridicule ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4     
,if our ,savior himself nev] laugh$1 x  
is difficult to believe t ! by/&]s did n
 laugh1 or at lea/ smile1 :5 he tore !  
mask f ! hypocritical ph>isees :o laid  
heavy burd5s on m5's %\ld]s :i* !y      
!mselves w\ld n move ) _! f+]s1 & dev\r$
 wid[s' h\ses1 ev5 :ile = a pret5ce !y  
made long pray]s4--,mat!ws4     ,,!     
,,use ,,( ,,ridicule ,,9 ,,! ,,new      
,,te/am5t4      ,rebuke !m %>ply1 t !y  
may be s\nd 9 ! fai?4--,paul4   ,!      
writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :o us$ !       
glitt]+ lances ( wit aga9/ ! foes ( tru?
 & righte\sness1 _h wor?y successors 9  
evangeli/s & apo/les1 & 9 ,jesus        
himself4 ,^! m5 7 indignant at hypocrisy
 & wrong-do+2 !y look$ ) scorn ^u !     
swell+ pret5sions ( ! religi\s lead]s2  
!y expo/ulat$ ) affectionate e>ne/ness &
 sev]ity ) _! own bre?r5 :o suff]$      
!mselves to be l$ a/ray4 ,indignation is
 n necess>ily wrong or un*ri/ian4 ,!    

faculty ( indignation is an ess5tial "p 
( human nature1 & :5 ar\s$ aga9/ evil   
its op]ations are b5efic5t4 ,x 9 no wise
 dim9i%es ! rev]5ce we feel = ,jesus1 t 
he made a sc\rge ( cords & la%$ ! trad]s
 & money-*ang]s f ! temple6  ,rusk9     
says1 ,!re is no black horse 9 ! *>iot (
 ! s\l4 ,"o ( ! driv]'s wor/ faults is  
/>v+ 8 horses2 ano!r is n break+ !m e>ly
 en\gh2 b !y are all good4 ,take1 =     
example1 "o usually ?\ght ( z :olly     
evil--t ( ang]1 lead+ to v5geance4 ,i   
believe x to be q "o ( ! cr[n+          
wick$nesses ( ?is age1 t we h />v$ &    
*ill$ our faculty ( indignation1 & nei!r
 desire nor d>e to puni% crimes ju/ly4  
,?is faculty ( righte\s wra? :5 x takes 
%ape 9 irony1 ridicule1 s>casm1         
invective1 is ! mightie/ foe ( vanity1  
hypocrisy1 pret5sion1 corruption1 &     
vice4 ,by its sword d !y p]i%4 ,! tea*]s
 & writ]s ( ,new ,te/am5t times1 did n  
disda9 to use 9 _! "w e in/rum5t ( p[]  
kn[n to ! human m9d4 ,f _! own /&-po9t1 
at lea/1 !y _h _m false notions & cu/oms

 to combat2 !y _h ! ignorant1 prejudic$1
 (fici\s & fault-f9d+ to deal )2 !y 7   
h>rass$ by n>r[ & p]si/5t oppon5ts2 !y  
_h to d battle at e /ep4 ,!y might h    
exclaim$ ) a mod]n writ]1 ,let u be     
?ankful t we h 9 wit a p[] be=e :i* !   
pride ( weal?1 & ! insol5ce ( (fice are 
abas$2 :i* c transfix bigotry & tyranny 
) arr[s ( lightn+2 :i* c /rike its      
object ov] ?\s&s ( miles ( space1 across
 ?\s&s ( ye>s ( "t2 & :i* ?r\gh its sway
 ov] an univ]sal weakness ( man1 is an  
ev]la/+ in/rum5t to make ! bad tremble &
 ! fooli% w9ce4   ,! ,*oice ( ! ,jews4  
,!re is an excell5t piece ( quiet s>casm
 9 ,john's acc\nt ( ! trial ( ,jesus4   
,he fir/ gives u ,pilate's conclusion 9 
^! words3 ,& :5 he _h said ?is1 he w5t  
out aga9 unto ! ,jews & sai?3 ,i f9d no 
fault 9 him at all2 b ye h a cu/om t ,i 
release unto y "o at ! passov]2 w ye    
!re=e t ,i release unto y ! k+ ( !      
,jews8 ,pilate is will+2 he pron\nces   
,jesus innoc5t2 b ! cr[d clamor &       
refuse4 ,!n cri$ !y all aga91 say+1 ,n  

?is man1 b ,b>abbas4 ,john closes !     
acc\nt ) an in(f5sive look+ s5t5ce1 b "o
 s full ( bitt] satire1 t we c n help   
?9k+ ( ! "t :5 he wi%$ to call d[n fire 
f heav54 ,jesus is an innoc5t man--s    
pron\nc$ by ! gov]nor--b ! ,jews cry out
 = 8 blood4 ,!y want ,b>abbas releas$4  
,& :o is ,b>abbas8 ,:o is ?is popul>    
idol8 ,:o is ! man t ! p pref] to ,jesus
 ! upright & spotless8 ,) a rapi]-l     
?ru/1 ,john pi]ces ! he>t ( t iniquit\s 
*oice1 ,n[ ,b>abbas 0 a robb]4 ,x is a  
/roke wor?y ! ,son ( ?und]4   ,!        
,weakness ( ,pilate4  ,b ?9k n1 ,o      
,pilate1 t ?\ %alt escape4 ,! same h& t 
ca/ ! fir/ javel91 w also s5d "o to     
pi]ce ?y he>t4 ,9 ! next *apt]1 ,john   
tells u h[1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ,pilate 
s\ght to release ,jesus4 ,he 0 conv9c$ (
 8 innoc5ce1 & did n wi% him put to     
dea?4 ,b !re is a weak spot 9 ,pilate's 
nature1 & ,john po9ts x out ) infallible
 precision4 ,pilate is n ! man to /& = !
 "r at p]sonal sacrifice4 ,:5 8 own     
int]e/s are at /ake1 he w p]mit inju/ice

 & cruel wrong to o!rs4 ,:y does he     
deliv] ,jesus to ! cross8 ,john is      
det]m9$ t all ! _w %all "k4 ,! ,jews    
cri$ out1 say+1 ,if ?\ let ?is man g1 ?\
 art n ,caes>'s fri5d2 :osoev] make?    
himself a k+1 speake? aga9/ ,caes>4 ,my 
"l ,pilate is n pro( aga9/ ?is          
ins9uation4 ,he c n face ! possibility (
 los+ 8 (fice4 ,:5 ,pilate1 !re=e1 he>d 
t say+1 he br\ght ,jesus =?4 99 99 99   
,!n deliv]$ he him !re=e unto !m to be  
crucifi$4 ,john has /amp$ ,pilate z a   
weak1 vacillat+ & selfi% rul]2 & 8      
portrait1 m>k$ ) ^! features1 has be5   
transmitt$ to all ages4   ,paul & 8     
,detractors4  ,p]haps none ( ! great    
*>act]s ( ,new ,te/am5t times 7 s beset 
by foes ( all k9ds z 0 ,paul4 ,he has   
himself assur$ u t he 0 (t5 9 p]ils f 8 
own c\ntrym51 & 9 p]ils f false bre?r54 
,he 0 d5\nc$ by prie/s & scribes1 &     
oppos$ by up/>ts 9 ! v *ur*es he _h     
f\nd$4 ,9 reply+ to argum5ts & meet+    
objections he sometimes %[$ 8 ma/]y ( m 
?an "o =m ( wit1--al?\gh ! =m he mo/    

frequ5tly us$ 0 irony4  ,by _m 8 prea*+ 
0 *>act]iz$ z fooli%ness4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 
x to comm5d x to ! ,jews :o requir$ a   
sign1 or to ! ,greeks1 :o s\ght aft]    
wisdom4 ,v well1 is 8 reply1 fooli% x   
may be1 b aft] all x has accompli%$ m   
?an ei!r ,jew or ,greek has be5 able to 
d = ! _w4 ',:]e is ! wise8 ,:]e is !    
scribe8 ,:]e is ! disput] ( ?is _w8 ,ha?
 n ,god made fooli% ! wisdom ( ?is _w8' 
,:at has x a*iev$8 ,:]e are its         
monum5ts8 ',= aft] t ! _w by wisdom knew
 n ,god1 x pleas$ ,god by ! fooli%ness (
 7j su*7 prea*+ 7z m9e7 to save !m t    
believe4' ,?is fooli%ness has lift$ m5 f
 vile & s9ful lives into righte\sness & 
honor4 ,h y\r own way ab\t x1 ,o ,greeks
 & ,jews2 ,i w be acc\nt$ a fool if y w1
 & am will+ to let my words be /igmatiz$
 z folly2 b y w f9d t ',god ha? *os5 !  
fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2    
,god ha? *os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w to      
conf\nd ! ?+s t are mighty2 & base ?+s (
 ! _w1 & ?+s t are despis$ ha? ,god     
*os52 yea1 & ?+s t are n1 to br+ to     

n\ght ?+s t are4' ,i accept ! l[ e/imate
 y put ^u me & my "w1 b ,i triumph ov] y
 & y\r "w1 h[ev] exalt$4 ,results %all  
det]m9e4 ,?is is glori\s folly6  ,9     
writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 he says ( c]ta9  
memb]s ( ! *ur* :o ?\ght t 9 spiritual  
?+s !y 7 sup]ior to himself1 ,n[ "s are 
puff$ up1 z ?\gh ,i w\ld n come to y4 ,b
 ,i w come to y %ortly1 if ! ,"l w1 & w 
"k1 n ! spee* ( !m :i* are puff$ up1 b !
 p[]4  ,to ^? ?us puff$ up1 he addresses
 himself 9 ! foll[+ ironical /ra93 ,n[  
ye are full1 n[ ye are ri*2 ye h reign$ 
z k+s )\t u2 & ,i w\ld t ye did reign1 t
 we also might reign ) y4 ,= ,i ?9k t   
,god has set =? u ! apo/les la/4 99 99  
99 ,we are fools = ,*ri/'s sake1 b ye   
are wise 9 ,*ri/2 we are weak1 b ye are 
/rong2 ye are honorable1 b we are       
despis$4  ,he d5\nces c]ta9 tea*]s :o 7 
s[+ ! se$s ( discord among 8 *ur*es1 z  
false apo/les1 deceitful work]s1        
trans=m+ !mselves into apo/les ( ,*ri/4 
,& no m>vel2 = ,satan himself is        
trans=m$ into an angel ( light4 ,!re=e1 

x is no great ?+ if 8 m9i/]s also be    
trans=m$ z ! m9i/]s ( righte\sness2 ^:  
end %all be accord+ to _! works4 ,su*   
tea*]s z ^! pron\nc$ ,paul a fool & did 
ev]y?+ to br+ 8 "w into contempt4 ,v    
good1 says ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians1       
receive me !n z a fool1 & !n proce$+1 ) 
8 favorite irony1 ,= ye suff] fools     
gladly1 see+ ye y\rselves are wise6  ,h[
 sca?+ is 8 rebuke to ^? :o misrepres5t$
 8 doctr9e3 ,we be sl&]\sly report$1 &  
"s affirm t we say1 ,let u d evil t good
 may come6--^: condemnation is j4 ,?is  
is 8 only answ] to evil tongues4  ,x is 
conc$$ by ! be/ au?orities t ,paul did n
 write ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 b !re is
 a passage 9 t lett] n unlike him1--!   
rebuke to ^? :o ought to be /rong1 manly
 & intellig5t ,*ri/ians1 b :o h n yet   
gott5 out ( _! swaddl+ clo!s3 ,= :5 = ! 
"t ye ought to be tea*]s1 ye h ne$ t "o 
tea* y aga9 :i* be ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! 
oracles ( ,god2 & are become su* z h ne$
 ( milk & n ( /rong meat4 ,= e "o t use?
 milk is unskillful 9 ! ^w (            

righte\sness2 = he is b a babe4 ,b /rong
 meat belonge? to ^? t are ( full age1  
ev5 ^? :o by reason ( use h _! s5ses    
ex]cis$ to disc]n bo? good & evil4      
,simil> to ?is is ,paul's treatm5t ( !  
,cor9?ians :5 !y 7 divid$ 9 _!          
allegiance1 "s claim+ to belong to "o   
tea*] & "s to ano!r4 ,fir/ ,paul himself
 _h be5 !re & taught among !m 9 t broad 
& lib]al _s :i* always *>act]iz$ him4   
,he made v little ( =ms & c]emonies1 & v
 mu* ( *>ity & bro!rhood4 ,!n came ,pet]
 :o 0 always m n>r[ ?an ,paul1 b v      
int5se4 ,paul 0 a broad riv]1 ,pet] a   
m\nta9 torr5t4 ,pet] nev] completely    
fre$ himself f ! bondage ( ! ,jewi%     
sy/em1 & he insi/$ ^u "s ( ! ?+s t ,paul
 disc>d$4 ,soon a p>ty 0 =m$4 ,"s ?\ght1
 no d\bt1 t ,paul 0 too f> away f !     
,jewi% cre$1 t he 0 n /rict en\gh1 t x 0
 p]haps saf] to take ,pet] z a guide2 s 
:ile "s said1 ,i am ( ,paul1 o!rs said1 
,i am ( ,cephas4 ,!n came ,apollos :o is
 describ$ z be+ v eloqu5t4 ,:5 he /ood  
up to speak1 _m said1 ,he beats bo?     

,paul & ,pet]2 ,i am ( ,apollos4 ,s !re 
7 envy+s & /rifes & divisions4 ,paul    
ridicules ! ,cor9?ians = ^! *ildi%      
qu>rels1 & says t he mu/ /ill speak to  
!m z to babes4 ,i h f$ y ) milk & n )   
meat2 = hi!rto ye 7 n able to be> x1    
nei!r yet n[ are ye able6   ,examples f 
o!r ,apo/les4  ,! epi/le ( ,james t has 
furni%$ illu/rations = "s ( ! prec$+    
*apt]s1 %all yield "o = ?is1 9 its      
notice ( a grave abuse t exi/$ 9 ! e>ly 
*ur*es1 & t has n entirely di$ out (    
mod]n *ur*es4  ,my bre?r51 h n ! fai? ( 
our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,"l ( glory1 9  
respect ( p]sons4 ,= if !re come into   
y\r assembly1 a man ) a gold r+1 9      
goodly app>el1 & !re come 9 also a poor 
man 9 vile raim5t2 & ye h respect to him
 t we>e? ! gay clo?+1 & say unto him1   
,sit ?\ "h 9 a good place 7,take ?is    
high-pric$ & fa%ionable pew1 :]e y c    
li/5 to ! gospel 9 luxuri\s ease1 & at !
 same "t dazzle ! eyes ( ^? 9 neighbor+ 
pews ) ! late/ fa%ions71 b say to !     
poor1 ,/& ?\ "h1 or sit "h "u my        

foot-/ool 7or g up 9 ! gall]y71 are ye n
 !n p>tial 9 y\rselves1 & are become    
judges ( evil ?\ghts8  ,pet] sil5ces    
c]ta9 ones :o compla9$ ( p]secution1 by 
say+1 ,if ye are reproa*$ = ! "n (      
,*ri/1 happy are ye 7t is no?+ to       
compla9 (71 b let none ( y suff] z a    
murd]]1 or z a ?ief1 or z an evil-do]1  
or z a busy-body 9 o!r m5's matt]s 7if  
any "o ( y suff]s 9 su* a "*1 he des]ves
 ! la%74 ,9 ei!r case1 !re is no?+ to   
ju/ify y\r outcry4  ,he also d5\nces    
c]ta9 ones :o h =sak5 ! "r way & gone   
a/ray z wells )\t wat]1 cl\ds )\t ra9 t 
are c>ri$ ( a tempe/4 ,!y speak great   
swell+ words ( vanity1 promis+ lib]ty   
:ile !y are !mselves ! slaves (         
corruption4 ,& !n he fa/5s ! reproa* (  
_! apo/asy ^u !m ) :at ,fal/aff w\ld    
call a mo/ unsavory simile1--,x is      
happ5$ to !m accord+ to ! true prov]b1  
,! dog is turn$ to 8 own vomit aga91 & !
 s[ t 0 wa%$ to h] wall[+ 9 ! mire4 ,su*
 are ^? :o turn back to error f ! pa?s (
 tru?4  ,9 mu* ! same /ra9 does ,jude   

write to ! same class3 ,^! are spots 9  
y\r fea/s ( *>ity2 cl\ds )\t wat]1 c>ri$
 ab\t ( ! w9ds2 trees ^: fruit )]e? )\t 
fruit1 twice dead1 pluck$ up by ! roots2
 rag+ waves ( ! sea1 foam+ out _! own   
%ame2 w&]+ />s to :om is res]v$ !       
blackness ( d>kness =ev]6  ,john wrote  
to ! ,laodiceans3 ,i "k ?y works t ?\   
art nei!r cold nor hot2 s !n because ?\ 
art lukew>m1 & nei!r cold nor hot1 ,i w 
spew !e out ( my m\?4 ,?\ saye/1 ,i am  
ri* & increas$ ) goods1 & h ne$ ( no?+2 
& kn[e/ n t ?\ art wret*$ & mis]able &  
poor & bl9d & nak$6  ,! ,laodiceans ne$$
 ! famili> pray] ( ,burns3      ,o wad  
"s p[] ! giftie gie u1       ,to see    
oursel's z i!rs see u2     ,x w\ld frae 
mony a blund] free u1       ,& fooli%   
notion6  ,!y ne$$ a look into ! glass ( 
,lao1 :i* reveal$ ! blemi%es ( ! s\l1 h[
 fair soev] ! ext]ior4   ,*ri/'s ,use ( 
,invective4  ,ev5 m sev]e ?an 8 apo/les 
9 8 use ( d5unciation1 0 ! ,great ,ma/] 
himself4 ,9 8 controv]sies ) ! recogniz$
 religi\s lead]s ( 8 day1 he heap$ coals

 ( fire ^u _! claims & tea*+s &         
practices4  ,ye leave ! comm&m5t ( ,god 
& hold fa/ to ! tradition ( m51 he says 
to ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees2 & !n adds1 ) 
t]rible irony1 ,full well ye reject !   
comm&m5t ( ,god1 t ye may keep y\r      
tradition4 ,surely1 :5 ! comm&m5ts (    
,god 7 plac$ side by side ) rabb9ical   
glosses1 !y 7 9 an extremely cruel      
position6  ,no passage ( invective1 9   
any lit]ature1 is m cru%+ ?an ?is3 ,woe 
unto y1 ,scribes & ,ph>isees1           
hypocrites6 = ye %ut up ! k+dom ( heav5 
aga9/ m52 = ye nei!r g 9 y\rselves1     
nei!r suff] ye !m t are ent]+ to g 94   
,woe unto y1 ,scribes & ,ph>isees1      
hypocrites6 ,= ye compass sea & l& to   
make "o proselyte1 & :5 he is made1 ye  
make him two-fold m ! *ild ( hell ?an   
y\rselves4 99 99 99 ,woe unto y1        
,scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites6 = ye  
dev\r wid[s' h\ses & = a pret5se make   
long pray]s2 !re=e ye %all receive !    
great] damnation4 99 99 99 ,woe unto y1 
,scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites6 = ye  

make clean ! outside ( ! cup & platt]1 b
 )9 !y are full ( extortion & excess4   
,bl9d ,ph>isees6 cleanse fir/ t :i* is  
)9 ! cup & platt]1 t ! outside ( !m may 
be clean also6 ,woe unto y1 ,scribes &  
,ph>isees1 hypocrites6 = ye are l unto  
:it$ sepul*]s :i*1 inde$1 appe>         
beautiful outw>d1 b )9 are full ( dead  
m5's bones & all uncleanness4 ,ev5 s ye 
also outw>dly appe> righte\s unto m51 b 
)9 ye are full ( hypocrisy & iniquity4  
99 99 99 ,woe unto y1 ,scribes &        
,ph>isees1 = ye are z graves :i* appe>  
n1 & m5 walk ov] !m & are n aw>e ( !m4  
,b n only ! lead]s1 b ! p also1 fall "u 
8 la%4 ,! m5 ( ,n9eveh %all rise up 9   
judgm5t ) ?is g5]ation & %all condemn x1
 because !y rep5t$ at ! prea*+ ( ,jonas2
 & behold a great] ?an ,jonas is "h4 ,! 
que5 ( ! ,s\? %all rise up 9 ! judgm5t )
 ?is g5]ation & %all condemn x2 = %e    
came f ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? to he> !  
wisdom ( ,solomon2 & behold a great] ?an
 ,solomon is "h6 ,:5 ! unclean _s is    
gone out ( a man1 he walke? ?r\gh dry   

places1 seek+ re/ & f9de? none4 ,!n he  
sai?1 ,i w return to my h\se f :5ce ,i  
came out2 & :5 he is come1 he f9de? x   
empty1 swept & g>ni%$4 ,!n goe? he &    
take? ) him sev5 o!r spirits m wick$ ?an
 himself1 & !y ent] 9 & dwell !re2 & !  
la/ /ate ( t man is worse ?an ! fir/4   
,ev5 s %all x be also unto ?is wick$    
g5]ation6  ,^u ano!r occasion1 he       
upbraid$ ! cities 9 :i* he _h wr\ght &  
prea*$4 ,woe unto !e1 ,*oraz92 woe unto 
!e ,be?saida2 = if ! mighty works _h be5
 done 9 ,tyre & ,sidon1 :i* h be5 done 9
 y1 !y _h a great :ile ago rep5t$ sitt+ 
9 sackclo? & a%es4 ,b x %all be m       
tol]able = ,tyre & ,sidon at ! judgm5t  
?an = y4 ,& ?\1 ,cap]naum1 :i* art      
exalt$ to heav51 %alt be ?ru/ d[n to    
hell6  ,does x seem /range t su*        
language %\ld h come f ! lips ( ,jesus8 
,%\ld we n r h expect$ x f ! /]n        
,bapti/1 8 =]unn]1 :o d5\nc$ ! brood (  
vip]s t came to 8 baptism8 ,is x        
inconsi/5t ) t _s ( love :i* we believe 
to h be5 ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/8 

,b love is n m]e inv]tebral amiability  
or moon-fac$ complac5cy4 ,by z mu* z    
love is /rong & true1 by s mu* does x   
seek1 at any co/ & by any means1 to     
remove ! faults & follies ( its object4 
,if ! la% be ne$$1 ! la% x w take4 ,he  
:o has nev] exp]i5c$ ! affectionate     
bitt]ness ( love1 says ,f4 ,w4          
,rob]tson1 :o has nev] kn[n h[ e>ne/    
irony & passionate s>casm may be ! v    
language ( love 9 its deepe/1 sadde/    
moods is utt]ly incapable ( ev5 judg+   
?is passion6         99       99        
99       99       99  ,"h ! writ]'s task
 ends4 ,! subject may be capable ( mu* m
 elaborate treatm5t2 x w\ld be claim+   
too mu* to suppose t ^! *apt]s exhau/ x4
 ,! writ] tru/s1 h[ev]1 t he may h      
sugge/$ a l9e ( /udy to o!rs1 z x 0 fir/
 sugge/$ to him4 ,! poetry1 ! dramatic  
portions1 ! oratory ( ! ,scriptures1 are
 unsurpass$4 ,view$ simply z a lit]>y   
"w1 ! ,bible is ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! :ole  
realm ( lett]s4 ,x becomes increas+ly   
int]e/+1 z its great human elem5ts are  

recogniz$4 ,ov] hi/ory1 biography1 & mo/
 s]i\s disc\rse1 play ! s(t gleams (    
heal?ful humor & ! lightn+-l bolts (    
s>casm & wit4 ,! book t\*es human nature
 at all po9ts4 ,! m we view x z         
lit]ature1 ! less z dogma1 ! firm] w    
become its hold ^u ! he>t ( man4  ,t ^! 
fragm5t>y /udies may help "s "o to      
appreciate 8 ,bible bett] & enjoy x m1  
is ! writ]'s wi%4 ,he may also express1 
9 clos+1 ! hope t :oev] has tak5 !      
tr\ble to read ^! pages may h f\nd !m   
free f t :i* he disclaim$ at !          
outset--irrev]5ce2 z he believes !m to  
be free f ! o!r extreme1 sup]/ition4