f ! ,google ,pr9t project47             
,,! ,,humani/s' ,,libr>y   ,edit$ by    
,lewis ,e9/e9    ,,ii    ,,erasmus      
,,aga9/ ,,w>       ,,erasmus   ,,aga9/  
,,w>     ,illu/ration     ,,) ,,an      
,,introduction ,,by   ,j4,w4,,mackail   
,,! ,,m]rym\nt ,,press   ,,bo/on1       
,,mdccccvii     ,copyright1 #aijg1 by   
,d4 ,b4 ,updike     ,,cont5ts           
,introduction      ix    ,aga9/ ,w>     
#c     ,,introduction   ,! ,treatise on 
,w>1 ( :i* ! e>lie/ ,engli% translation 
is "h repr9t$1 0 among ! mo/ fam\s      
writ+s ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s writ] ( 8 age4 
,few p n[ read ,erasmus2 he has become =
 ! _w 9 g5]al a some:at vague "n4 ,only 
by "s ef=t ( ! hi/orical imag9ation is x
 possible = ^? :o are n pr(ess$ s*ol>s &
 /ud5ts to realize ! enorm\s =ce :i* he 
0 at a critical p]iod 9 ! hi/ory (      
civilization4 ,! free in/itutions & !   
mat]ial progress ( ! mod]n _w h alike _!
 roots 9 humanism4 ,humanism z a movem5t
 ( ! human m9d culm9at$ 9 ! age1 & ev5 9
 a s5se 9 ! p]son1 ( ,erasmus4 ,its     

brilliant fl[] 0 ( an e>li] p]iod2 its  
fruits develop$ & matur$ lat]2 b x 0 9 8
 "t1 & 9 him1 t ! fruit set6 ,! e>li]   
sixte5? c5tury is n s romantic z its    
pr$ecessors1 nor s ri* 9 solid a*ievem5t
 z o!rs t h foll[$ x4 ,z 9 "s or*>d :5  
spr+ is ov]1 ! blossom lies )]$ on !    
grass1 & ! fruit has long to wait be=e x
 c rip5 on ! b\ghs4 ,yet "h1 9 ! dull1  
hot midsumm] days1 is ! c5tral &        
critical p]iod ( ! ye>'s gr[?4  ,! life 
( ,erasmus is accessible 9 _m popul> =ms
 z well z 9 m le>n$ & =mal works4 ,to   
recapitulate x "h w\ld fall beyond !    
scope ( a preface4 ,b 9 ord] to         
appreciate ?is treatise fully x is      
necess>y to realize ! "t & circum/ances 
9 :i* x appe>$1 & to recall "s ( ! ma9  
features ( its au?or's life & "w up to !
 date ( its composition4  ,t date c be  
fix$ ) c]ta9ty1 f a comb9ation ( ext]nal
 & int]nal evid5ce1 betwe5 ! ye>s #aeac 
& #aeae2 9 all probability x 0 ! w9t] ( 
#aead-ae4 ,x 0 pr9t$ 9 ! latt] ye>1 9 ! 
editio pr9ceps ( ! enl>g$ & rewritt5    

,adagia !n issu$ f ,frob5's great       
pr9t+-works at ,basel4 ,! /ormy dec5nate
 ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii _h end$ 9         
,febru>y1 #aeac4 ,to 8 successor1       
,giovanni de' ,m$ici1 :o succe$$ to !   
papal ?rone "u ! "n ( ,leo ,x1 !        
treatise is p>ticul>ly address$4 ,! ye>s
 :i* ensu$ 7 a "t s+ul>ly mom5t\s 9 !   
hi/ory ( religion1 ( lett]s1 & ( ! :ole 
life ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,! eulogy ( ,leo )
 :i* ,erasmus ends indicates ! hopes !n 
ent]ta9$ ( a new ,augu/an age ( peace & 
reconciliation4 ,! ,re=mation 0 /ill    
capable ( be+ reg>d$ z an int]nal &     
con/ructive =ce1 )9 ! framework ( !     
society built up by ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! 
f9al divorce betwe5 humanism & ! ,*ur*  
_h n yet be5 made4 ,! long & disa/r\s   
epo* ( ! w>s ( religion 0 /ill only a   
d>k cl\d on ! horizon4 ,! ,r5aissance 0 
really dead1 b few yet realiz$ ! fact4  
,! new head ( ! ,*ur* 0 a lov] ( peace1 
a fri5d ( s*ol>s1 a munific5t patron ( !
 arts4 ,?is treatise %[s t ,erasmus1 to 
a c]ta9 ext5t1 %>$ or /rove to %>e 9 an 

illusion widely spread among ! educat$  
classes ( ,europe4 ,) a f> ke5] in/9ct =
 t :i* ! s\ls ( m5 requir$1 an          
,augu/9ian monk f ,witt5b]g1 :o _h      
visit$ ,rome two ye>s e>li]1 _h turn$   
away f ! temple :]e a corpse lay swa!d 9
 gold & half hid 9 ! /eam ( inc5se4 ,) a
 f> ke5] insight into ! real /ate ( ?+s1
 ,ma*iavelli 01 at j ?is "t1 compos+ ,! 
,pr9ce4  ,9 "o =m or ano!r1 ! subject ( 
8 impassion$ plead+ = peace among be+s  
human1 civiliz$1 & ,*ri/ian1 _h be5 long
 9 ,erasmus's m9d4 ,9 8 mo/ celebrat$   
s+le "w1 ! ,praise ( ,folly1 he _h      
bitt]ly attack$ ! attitude t[>ds w>     
habitual1 & evilly consecrat$ by usage1 
among k+s & popes4 ,! same argum5t _h   
=m$ ! sub/ance ( a docum5t address$ by  
him1 "u ! title ( ,anti-,polemus1 to    
,pope ,julius 9 #aejg4 ,mu* ( !         
sub/ance1 mu* ev5 ( ! phraseology ( t   
e>li] "w is d\btless repeat$ "h4 ,beyond
 ! specific ref]5ce to ,pope ,leo1 ! o!r
 notes ( "t 9 ! treatise n[ be=e u are  
few & fa9t4 ,allusions to ,l\is ,,xii ( 

,france 7#adih-aeae71 to ,f]d9& !       
,ca?olic 7#adgi-aeaf71 to ,philip1 k+ ( 
,aragon 7#aejd-aeaf71 & ,sigismund1 k+ (
 ,pol& 7#aejf-aedh71 are all consi/5t ) 
! composition ( ! treatise "s ye>s      
e>li]4 ,at ! end ( x he promises to     
treat ( ! matt] m l>gely :5 he publi%es 
! ,anti-,polemus4 ,b ?is int5tion 0 nev]
 c>ri$ into effect4 ,p]haps ,erasmus _h 
become conv9c$ ( its futility2 = ! ev5ts
 ( ! ye>s :i* foll[$ soon %[$ t ! new   
,augu/an age 0 b a false dawn ov] :i*   
night settl$ m /ormily & pr(\ndly ?an   
be=e4  ,= t5 or a doz5 ye>s ,erasmus _h 
/ood at ! head ( ,european s*ol>%ip4 ,8 
"n 0 z fam\s 9 ,france & ,engl& z 9 !   
,l[ ,c\ntries & ,g]many4 ,! age 0 inde$ 
"o ( ^? 9 :i* ! mu*-abus$ t]m ( !       
republic ( lett]s _h a real & vital     
mean+4 ,! nationalities ( mod]n ,europe 
_h already =m$ !mselves2 ! notion ( !   
,empire _h become obsolete1 & if !      
imp]ial title 0 /ill covet$ by pr9ces1 x
 0 "u no illusion z to ! am\nt (        
effective supremacy :i* x c>ri$ ) x1 or 

z to any life yet rema9+ 9 ! m$iaeval   
doctr9e ( ! unity ( ,*ri/5dom :e!r z a  
*ur* or z a /ate4 ,! discov]y ( ! new _w
 ne> ! end ( ! previ\s c5tury           
precipitat$ a revolution 9 ,european    
politics t[>ds :i* ev5ts _h long be5    
mov+1 & f9ally broke up ! political     
framework ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,b ! o!r   
great ev5t ( ! same p]iod1 ! inv5tion & 
diffusion ( ! art ( pr9t+1 _h creat$ a  
new ,european commonweal? ( ! m9d4 ,!   
hi/ory ( ! c5tury :i* foll[$ x is a     
hi/ory 9 :i* ! l&m>ks are f\nd less 9   
battles & treaties ?an 9 books4  ,!     
e>li] life ( ! man :o occupies ! c5tral 
place 9 ! lit]>y & spiritual movem5t ( 8
 "t 9 no important way diff]s f ! y\? ( 
_m contempor>y s*ol>s & writ]s4 ,ev5 !  
illegitimacy ( 8 bir? 0 an accid5t %>$ )
 s _m o!rs t x does n m>k him out 9 any 
way f 8 fell[s4 ,8 e>ly education at    
,utre*t1 at ,dev5t]1 at ,h]zog5bos*2 8  
en=c$ & unhappy novitiate 9 a h\se (    
,augu/9ian canons ne> ,g\da2 8          
secret>y%ip to ! bi%op ( ,cambray1 !    

grudg+ patron :o all[$ r ?an assi/$ him 
to complete 8 tra9+ at ! ,univ]sity (   
,p>is--all ?is 0 at ! "t m]e matt] (    
common =m4 ,x is ) 8 arrival 9 ,engl& 9 
#adig1 at ! age ( ?irty-"o1 t 8         
effective life really beg9s4  ,= ! next 
tw5ty ye>s t life 0 "o ( re/less movem5t
 & incessant production4 ,9 ,engl&1     
,france1 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 on ! upp]     
,rh9e1 & 9 ,italy1 he flitt$ ab\t ga!r+ 
up ! :ole intellectual movem5t ( ! age1 
& p\r+ =? ! results 9 t admirable ,lat9 
:i* 0 n only ! common language ( s*ol>s 
9 e c\ntry1 b ! s+le language 9 :i* he  
himself ?\ght in/9ctively & wrote       
freely4 ,betwe5 ! ,adagia ( #aejj & !   
,colloquia ( #aeaf comes a mass ( writ+s
 equival5t to ! total product ( _m      
f]tile & indu/ri\s p5s4 ,he work$ 9 !   
cause ( humanism ) a sacr$ fury1 /riv+ )
 all 8 might to connect x ) all t 0 liv+
 9 ! old & all t 0 develop+ 9 ! new] _w4
 ,9 8 travels no less ?an 9 8 /udies !  
aspect ( w> mu/ h p]petually met him z  
at once ! cause & ! effect ( b>b>ism2 x 

0 ! symbol ( ev]y?+ to :i* humanism 9   
its broad] z well z 9 its n>r[] aspect 0
 utt]ly oppos$ & repugnant4 ,he 0 a     
/ud5t at ,p>is 9 ! om9\s ye> ( ! fir/   
,fr5* invasion ( ,italy1 9 :i* ! dea? ( 
,pico della ,mir&ola & ,politian came l 
a symbol ( ! dea? ( ! ,italian          
,r5aissance itself4 ,*>les ,,viii1 z has
 (t5 be5 said1 br\ght back ! ,r5aissance
 to ,france f t exp$ition2 b he br\ght  
h] back a captive *a9$ to ! :eels ( 8   
cannon4 ,! epo* ( ! ,italian w>s began4 
,a little lat] 7#aejj7 ,s&ro ,botticelli
 pa9t$ t amaz+ ,nativity :i* is "o ( !  
*ief treasures ( ! ,london ,national    
,gall]y4 ,ov] x 9 my/ical ,greek may    
/ill be read ! pa9t]'s own words3 ,?is  
picture 0 pa9t$ by me ,alex&] amid !    
confusions ( ,italy at ! "t prophesi$ 9 
! ,second ,woe ( ! ,apocalypse1 :5      
,satan %all be loos$ ^u ! e>?4 ,9       
,novemb]1 #aejf1 ,erasmus 0 at ,bologna1
 & saw ! triumphal entry ( ,pope ,julius
 into ! city at ! head ( a great m]c5>y 
army4 ,two ye>s lat] ! league (         

,cambray1 a comb9ation ( folly1 trea*]y 
& %ame :i* fill$ ev5 h>d5$ politicians )
 horror1 plung$ half ,europe into a w> 9
 :i* no "o 0 a ga9] & :i* f9ally ru9$   
,italy3 bellum quo nullum1 says !       
hi/orian1 vel atrocius vel diuturnius 9 
,italia po/ exactos ,go?os majores no/ri
 mem9]unt4 ,9 ,engl& ,erasmus f\nd1 on 8
 fir/ visit1 a c\ntry exhau/$ by ! long 
& desp]ate /ruggle ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 
out ( :i* %e _h em]g$ ) half h] rul+    
class kill$ 9 battle or on ! scaffold1 &
 ! :ole fabric ( society to recon/ruct4 
,! ,empire 0 9 a /ate ( confusion &     
turmoil no less deplorable & mu* m      
ext5sive4 ,! ,diet ( #adie _h inde$1 by 
an expir+ ef=t t[>ds ! suppression (    
absolute an>*y1 decre$ ! abolition (    
private w>4 ,b 9 a society :]e e own] ( 
a ca/le1 e "l ( a few squ>e miles (     
t]ritory1 c\ld conduct public w> on 8   
own acc\nt1 ! prohibition 0 ( little m  
?an =mal value4 ,humanism _h be5        
introduc$ by ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury 9 
"s ( ! ,g]man univ]sities1 b too late to

 h mu* effect on ! ris+ fury ( religi\s 
controv]sy4 ,! v ye> 9 :i* ?is treatise 
aga9/ w> 0 publi%$ gave to ! _w ano!r "w
 ( ev5 wid] circulation & m pr(\nd      
consequ5ces4 ,! fam\s ,epi/olae         
,obscurorum ,virorum1 fir/ publi%$ 9    
#aeae1 & circulat$ rapidly among all !  
educat$ read]s ( ,europe1 made an op5   
brea* betwe5 ! humani/s & ! ,*ur*4 ,t   
brea* 0 nev] clos$2 nor on ! o!r h& c\ld
 ! ef=ts ( well-int5tion$ re=m]s l      
,melanc?on br+ humanism into any organic
 relation ) ! re=m$ movem5t4 ,:5 mutual 
exhau/ion conclud$ ! ,european /ruggle1 
civilization _h to />t afre%2 x took a  
c5tury m to recov] ! lo/ gr\nd4 ,! v    
idea ( humanism _h long be=e !n         
disappe>$4  ,w>1 pe/il5ce1 ! !ologians3 
^! 7 ! ?ree great enemies ) :i* ,erasmus
 says he _h ?r\gh\t life to cont5d4 ,x 0
 dur+ ! ye>s he sp5t 9 ,engl& t he 0    
p]haps lea/ h>ass$ by !m4 ,8 ?ree p]iods
 ( resid5ce !re--a f\r?1 9 #aeag1 appe>s
 to h be5 ( %ort duration & n m>k$ by   
any v notable incid5t--7 ( ! utmo/      

importance 9 8 life4 ,dur+ ! fir/1 9 8  
resid5ce betwe5 ! ye>s #adig & #adii at 
,london & ,ox=d1 ! ,engli% ,r5aissance1 
if ! "n be fully applicable to s p>tial 
& inconclusive a movem5t1 0 9 ! promise 
& ard\r ( its brief spr+4 ,x 0 !n t     
,erasmus made ! acqua9tance ( ^? great  
,engli%m5 ^: names _c be m5tion$ ) too  
mu* rev]5ce3 ,colet1 ,grocyn1 ,latim]1  
,l9acre4 ,^! m5 7 ! mak]s ( mod]n ,engl&
 to a degree h>dly realiz$4 ,!y c>ri$ ! 
future 9 _! h&s4 ,peace _h desc5d$ ^u a 
we>y c\ntry2 & ! y\ng] g5]ation 0 full (
 new hopes4 ,! ,en*iridion ,militis     
,*ri/iani1 writt5 soon aft] ,erasmus    
return$ to ,france1 brea!s ! _s ( "o :o 
_h n lo/ hope 9 ! reconciliation ( !    
,*ur* & ! _w1 ( ! old & new4 ,:5        
,erasmus made 8 second visit to ,engl&1 
9 #aejf1 t fair promise _h gr[n &       
spread4 ,colet _h become dean ( ,sa9t   
,paul's2 & ?r\gh him1 z x w\ld appe>1   
,erasmus n[ made ! acqua9tance ( ano!r  
great man ) :om he soon =m$ z close an  
intimacy1 ,?omas ,m4  ,8 ,italian j\rney

 foll[$3 he 0 9 ,italy ne>ly ?ree ye>s1 
at ,tur91 ,bologna1 ,v5ice1 ,padua1     
,si5a1 ,rome4 ,x 0 9 ! fir/ ( ^! ye>s t 
,alb]t ,du]] 0 also 9 ,italy1 :]e he met
 ,bell9i & 0 recogniz$ by ! ,italian    
ma/]s z ! head ( a new transalp9e art 9 
no way inf]ior to _! own4 ,! ye> aft]   
,erasmus left ,italy1 ,botticelli1 ! la/
 survivor ( ! anci5t _w1 di$ at         
,flor5ce4  ,mean:ile1 ,h5ry ,,viii1 a   
pr9ce1 "y1 h&some1 g5]\s1 pi\s1 _h      
succe$$ to ! ?rone ( ,engl&4 ,a gold5   
age 0 ?\ght to h dawn$4 ,"l ,m\ntjoy1 :o
 _h be5 ! pupil ( ,erasmus at ,p>is1 & )
 :om he _h fir/ come to ,engl&1 lo/ no  
"t 9 urg+ ,h5ry to s5d = ! mo/ brilliant
 & fam\s ( ,european s*ol>s1 & atta* him
 to 8 c\rt4 ,! k+1 :o _h already met &  
admir$ him1 ne$$ no press+4 ,9 ! lett]  
:i* ,h5ry himself wrote to ,erasmus     
entreat+ him to take up 8 resid5ce 9    
,engl&1 ! language employ$ 0 t ( s9c]e  
admiration2 nor 0 !re any consci\s      
ins9c]ity 9 ! ma9 motive :i* he urg$4 ,x
 is my e>ne/ wi%1 wrote ! k+1 to re/ore 

,*ri/'s religion to its primitive       
purity4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,re=mation
 supplies a /range comm5t>y on ^! words4
  ,b ! fir/ few ye>s ( ! new reign      
7#aeji-aeac71 :i* co9cide ) ! ?ird &    
longe/ soj\rn ( ,erasmus 9 ,engl&1 7 a  
"t 9 :i* high hopes might n seem        
unreasonable4 ,:ile ,italy 0 ravag$ by  
w> & ! re/ ( ,europe 0 9 uneasy f]m5t1  
,engl& rema9$ peaceful & prosp]\s4 ,!   
lu/ ( ! eyes & ! pride ( life 7 inde$ ! 
motive =ces ( ! c\rt2 b alongside ( ^! 0
 a real desire = re=m1 & a real if v    
imp]fect attempt to cultivate ! nobl]   
arts ( peace1 to e/abli% le>n+1 & to    
purify religion4 ,colet's great         
f\ndation ( ,sa9t ,paul's ,s*ool 9 #aeaj
 is "o ( ! l&m>ks ( ,engli% hi/ory4     
,erasmus jo9$ ! f\nd] & ! fir/ high     
ma/]1 ,colet & ,lily1 9 compos+ !       
s*oolbooks to be us$ 9 x4 ,he _h already
 writt51 9 ,m's h\se at ,*elsea1 :]e    
pure religion reign$ alongside ( high   
culture1 ! ,encomium ,moriae1 9 :i* all 
8 imm5se gifts ( eloqu5ce & wit 7 lavi%$

 on ! cause ( humanism & ! l>g] cause ( 
humanity4 ,t w> 0 at once a s91 a sc&al1
 & a folly 0 "o ( ! c5tral doctr9es ( ! 
gr\p ( em95t ,engli%m5 ) :om he 0 n[    
associat$4 ,x 0 a doctr9e held by !m )  
"s ambiguity & 9 v>y+ degrees4 ,9 !     
,utopia 7#aeaf7 ,m condemns w>s (       
aggression1 :ile tak+ ! common view z to
 w>s ( s-call$ self-def5ce4 ,9 #aeac1 :5
 ,h5ry1 swept into ! s$uctive s*eme = a 
p>tition ( ,france by a ,european       
conf$]acy1 0 prep>+ = ! fir/ ( 8 _m     
useless & +lori\s cont95tal campaigns1  
,colet spoke out m freely4 ,he prea*$   
be=e ! c\rt aga9/ w> itself z b>b>\s &  
un*ri/ian1 & did n sp>e ei!r k+s or     
popes :o dealt o!rwise4 ,h5ry 0 di/urb$2
 he s5t = ,colet1 & press$ him h>d on ! 
po9t :e!r he meant t all w>s 7          
unju/ifiable4 ,colet 0 9 advance ( 8    
age1 b n s f> 9 advance ( x z ?is4 ,he  
gave "s k9d ( answ] :i* satisfi$ ! k+4  
,! prep>ations = w> w5t =w>d2 ! ,battle 
( ,spurs plung$ ! c\rt & all ! nation   
into ! intoxication ( victory2 :ile at  

,flodd5-edge1 9 ! same autumn1 !        
ance/ral allies ( ,france su/a9$ ! mo/  
cru%+ defeat record$ 9 ,scotti% hi/ory4 
,:5 bo? sides 9 a w> h invok$ ,god's    
fav\r1 ! successful side is ready en\gh 
to believe t its pray]s h be5 answ]$ &  
its action accept$ by ,god4  ,erasmus 0 
n[ read] 9 ,greek & pr(essor ( div9ity  
at ,cambridge2 b ,cambridge 0 f> away f 
! c5tre ( ,european ?\ght & ( lit]>y    
activities4 ,he left ,engl& be=e ! end (
 ! ye> = ,basel1 :]e ! great] "p ( 8    
life !nce=? 0 pass$4 ,frob5 _h made     
,basel ! *ief lit]>y c5tre ( production 
= ! :ole ( ,europe4 ,?r\gh ,frob5's     
pr9t+-presses ,erasmus c\ld rea* a wid] 
audi5ce ?an 0 all[$ him at any c\rt1    
h[ev] fav\rable to pure religion & ! new
 le>n+4 ,x 0 at ?is juncture t he made  
an eloqu5t & f>-rea*+ appeal1 on a matt]
 :i* lay v ne> 8 he>t1 to ! consci5ce ( 
,*ri/5dom4  ,! ,adagia1 t va/ "w :i* 01 
at lea/ to 8 own g5]ation1 ,erasmus's   
=emo/ title to fame1 has long ago pass$ 
into ! rank ( ^? monum5ts ( lit]ature   

dont la reputation s'aff]mira t\j\rs    
p>cequ'on ne les lit gu]e4 ,s f> z      
,erasmus is m ?an a "n = mo/ mod]n      
read]s1 x is on slight] & m popul> works
 t any direct k ( him is gr\nd$ on !    
,colloquies1 :i* only ceas$ to be a     
s*oolbook )9 liv+ memory1 on ! ,praise (
 ,folly1 & on selections f ! enorm\s    
masses ( 8 lett]s4 ,an ,ox=d s*ol> ( !  
la/ g5]ation1 ^: pr(\nd k ( humani/ic   
lit]ature 0 accompani$ by a gift ( t]se 
& po9t$ expression1 describes ! ,adagia 
9 a s+le s5t5ce1 z a manual ( ! wit &   
wisdom ( ! anci5t _w = ! use ( ! mod]n1 
enliv5$ by comm5t>y 9 ,erasmus's f9e/   
ve94 ,9 its fir/ =m1 ! ,adagiorum       
,collectanea1 x 0 publi%$ by him at     
,p>is 9 #aejj1 j aft] 8 return f ,engl&4
 ,9 ! au?or's epi/le d$icatory to       
,m\ntjoy he ascribes to him & to ,ri*>d 
,*>nock1 ! prior ( ,sa9t ,m>y's ,college
 9 ,ox=d1 ! inspiration ( ! "w4 ,x      
consi/s ( a s]ies ( betwe5 eight & n9e  
hundr$ comm5ts 9 brief essays1 ea*      
sugge/$ by "s t]se or prov]bial phrase f

 an anci5t ,lat9 au?or4 ,! "w gave full 
scope = ! display1 n only ( ! imm5se    
treasures ( 8 le>n+1 b ( ^? o!r         
qualities1 ! comb9ation ( :i* rais$ _!  
au?or f> above all o!r contempor>y      
writ]s1 8 ke5 wit1 8 copi\sness &       
facility1 8 complete control ( ,lat9 z a
 liv+ language4 ,x met ) an en?usia/ic  
reception1 & plac$ him at once at ! head
 ( ,european m5 ( lett]s4 ,edition aft] 
edition p\r$ f ! press4 ,x 0 t5 times   
reissu$ at ,p>is )9 a g5]ation4 ,elev5  
editions 7 publi%$ at ,/rasburg betwe5  
#aeji & #aeba4 ,)9 ! same ye>s x 0      
repr9t$ at ,erfurt1 ,! ,hague1 ,cologne1
 ,may5ce1 ,leyd51 & else:]e4 ,! ,rh9e   
valley 0 ! great nurs]y ( lett]s nor? ( 
! ,alps1 & along ! ,rh9e f s\rce to sea 
! book spread & 0 multipli$4  ,?is      
success induc$ ,erasmus to enl>ge &     
complete 8 lab\rs4 ,! ,adagiorum        
,*iliades1 ! title ( ! "w 9 its new =m1 
0 "p ( ! "w ( 8 resid5ce 9 ,italy 9 !   
ye>s #aejf-i1 & 0 publi%$ at ,v5ice by  
,aldus 9 ,septemb]1 #aejh4 ,! enl>g$    

collection1 to all int5ts & purposes a  
new "w1 consi/s ( no less ?an ?ree ?\s& 
two hundr$ & sixty heads4 ,9 a preface1 
,erasmus speaks slight+ly ( ! ,adagiorum
 ,collectanea1 ) t affectation f :i* few
 au?ors are free1 z a little collection 
c>elessly made4 ,"s p got hold ( x1 he  
adds1 7& "h ! affectation becomes       
absolute untru?17 & _h x pr9t$ v        
incorrectly4 ,9 ! new "w1 h[ev]1 mu* ( !
 old disappe>s1 mu* m is p>tially or    
:olly reca/2 & su* ( ! old matt] z is   
reta9$ is disp]s$ at r&om among ! new4  
,9 ! ,collectanea ! comm5t>ies _h all   
be5 brief3 "h _m are exp&$ into         
sub/antial treatises cov]+ f\r or five  
pages ( closely pr9t$ folio4  ,! ,ald9e 
edition _h be5 repr9t$ at ,basel by     
,frob5 9 #aeac4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds        
,erasmus himself took up 8 p]man5t      
resid5ce !re4 ,"u 8 imm$iate sup]vision 
!re pres5tly appe>$ :at 0 to all int5ts 
& purposes ! def9itive edition ( #aeae4 
,x is a book ( ne>ly sev5 hundr$ folio  
pages1 & conta9s1 besides ! introductory

 matt]1 ?ree ?\s& f\r hundr$ & elev5    
head+s4 ,9 8 preface ,erasmus gives "s  
details ) reg>d to its composition4 ,( !
 orig9al ,p>is "w he n[ says1 no d\bt ) 
tru?1 t x 0 und]tak5 by him ha/ily & )\t
 en\gh me?od4 ,:5 prep>+ ! ,v5ice       
edition he _h bett] realiz$ ! magnitude 
( ! ent]prise1 & 0 bett] fitt$ = x by   
read+ & le>n+1 m especially by ! mass ( 
,greek manuscripts1 & ( newly pr9t$     
,greek fir/ editions1 to :i* he _h      
access at ,v5ice & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,italy4 
,9 ,engl& also1 ow+ v l>gely to !       
k9dness ( ,ar*bi%op ,w>ham1 m leisure & 
an ampl] libr>y _h be5 available4       
,among sev]al important additions made 9
 ! edition ( #aeae1 ?is essay1 ! text ( 
:i* is ! prov]bial phrase ,dulce bellum 
inexp]tis1 is at once ! longe/ & ! mo/  
rem>kable4 ,! adage itself1 ) a few l9es
 ( comm5t>y1 _h inde$ be5 9 ! orig9al   
collection2 b ! treatise1 9 itself a    
sub/antial "w1 n[ appe>$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,x
 occupi$ a conspicu\s place z ! fir/    
head+ 9 ! f\r? ,*iliad ( ! complete "w2 

& x 0 at once s+l$ out f ! re/ z (      
special note & pr(\nd import4 ,frob5 0  
soon call$ ^u = a sep>ate edition4 ,?is 
appe>$ 9 ,april1 #aeag1 9 a qu>to (     
tw5ty pages4 ,?is little book1 ! ,bellum
 ,erasmi z x 0 call$ = ! sake ( brevity1
 ran l wildfire f read] to read]4 ,half 
! s*ol>ly presses ( ,europe 7 soon      
employ$ 9 repr9t+ x4 ,)9 t5 ye>s x _h   
be5 reissu$ at ,l\va91 twice at         
,/rasburg1 twice at ,may5ce1 at         
,leipsic1 twice at ,p>is1 twice at      
,cologne1 at ,antw]p1 & at ,v5ice4      
,g]man translations ( x 7 publi%$ at    
,basel & at ,/rasburg 9 #aeai & #aebj4  
,x soon made its way to ,engl&1 & !     
translation "h utiliz$ 0 issu$ by       
,b]!let1 ! k+'s pr9t]1 9 ! w9t] (       
#aecc-d4  ,:e!r ! translation be by     
,ri*>d ,tav]n]1 ! translator & editor1 a
 few ye>s lat]1 ( an epitome or         
selection ( ! ,*iliades1 or by "s o!r   
h&1 !re are no direct means ( asc]ta9+2 
nor except = purposes ( curiosity is !  
"q an important "o4 ,! v]sion :olly     

lacks di/9ction4 ,x is a "w ( adequate  
s*ol>%ip b ( no indep5d5t lit]>y m]it4  
,engli% prose 0 !n h>dly =m$4 ,! revival
 ( lett]s _h rea*$ ! c\ntry1 b =        
political & social reasons :i* are      
readily to be f\nd 9 any h&book (       
,engli% hi/ory1 x _h f\nd a soil1 f]tile
 inde$1 b n yet brok5 up4 ,s9ce ,*auc]1 
,engli% poetry _h practically /ood /ill1
 & except :]e poetry has cle>$ ! way1   
prose does n 9 ord9>y circum/ances      
advance4 ,a few adv5tur]s 9 sett+ =? _h 
appe>$4 ,m's ,utopia1 "o ( ! e>lie/ (   
,engli% prose classics1 is a classic 9  
virtue ( its /yle z well z ( its matt]4 
,b]n]s's translation ( ,froiss>t1       
publi%$ 9 #aebc1 0 ! fir/ & "o ( ! f9e/ 
( t magnific5t s]ies ( translations :i* 
f ?is "t onw>ds = ab\t a c5tury 7       
produc$ 9 an almo/ cont9u\s /ream1 &    
?r\gh :i* ! secret ( prose 0 sl[ly wrung
 f old] & m accompli%$ languages4       
,latim]1 ab\t ! same "t1 %[$ 8 c\ntrym5 
h[ a v]nacul> prose1 flexible1 well     
knit1 & n]v\s1 might be writt5 )\t its  

l9es be+ trac$ on any anci5t or =eign   
model4 ,cov]dale1 ! greate/ ma/] (      
,engli% prose :om ! c5tury produc$1 ^:  
"n has j miss$ ! immortality t is secure
 = 8 "w1 mu/ h sub/antially complet$ t  
magnific5t v]sion ( ! ,bible :i* appe>$ 
9 #aece1 & to :i* ! au?oriz$ v]sion ( ! 
sev5te5? c5tury owes all t "o "w ( g5ius
 c owe to ano!r4 ,x is n ) ^! great m5 t
 ! translator ( ?is treatise c be       
comp>$4 ,b he wr\ght1 aft] 8 measure1 on
 ! same /ructure z !y4  ,x is !n to !   
orig9al ,lat91 n to ?is rude & /amm]+   
v]sion1 t s*ol>s mu/ turn n[1 z /ill m  
c]ta9ly !y turn$ !n1 = ! m9d ( ,erasmus2
 = ) him1 ev5 m em95tly ?an ) o!r       
au?ors1 ! /yle is ! man1 & 8 ,lat9 is ! 
sub/ance1 n m]ely ! dress1 ( 8 ?\ght4   
,:5 he wrote x he 0 ab\t =ty-eight ye>s 
( age4 ,he 0 /ill 9 ! fullness ( 8 p[]4 
,if he 0 (t5 crippl$ by delicate heal?1 
t 0 no m ?an he _h habitually be5 f     
boyhood4 ,9 ?is treatise we come v ne> !
 real man1 ) 8 /range mixture (         
lib]alism & or?odoxy1 ( cle>-sight$     

c\rage & a delicacy :i* ne>ly always    
might be mi/ak5 = timidity4  ,8 text is 
t 79 ! translator's words7 no?+ is ei!r 
m wick$ or m wret*$1 no?+ do? worse     
become a man 7,i w n say a ,*ri/ian man7
 ?an w>4 ,w> 0 %ock+ to ,erasmus alike  
on e side ( 8 rem>kably complex &       
s5sitive nature4 ,x 0 impi\s2 x 0       
inhuman2 x 0 ugly2 x 0 9 e s5se ( ! ^w  
b>b>\s1 to "o :o be=e all ?+s & 9 ! full
 s5se ( ! ^w 0 civiliz$ & a lov] (      
civilization4 ,all ^! v>i$ aspects ( !  
case1 se5 by o!rs s+ly & p>tially1 7 to 
him facets ( "o tru?1 rays ( "o light4  
,8 argum5t circles & flick]s among !m1  
h>dly paus+ to en=ce "o be=e pass+      
ins5sibly to ano!r4 ,9 ! spl5did        
v9dication ( ! nature ( man ) :i* !     
treatise op5s1 ! tone is r t ( ,cic]o   
?an ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! maje/y ( man  
resides above all 9 8 capacity to behold
 ! v pure /r5g? & nature ( ?+s2 9 ess5ce
 he is no fall5 & corrupt creature1 b a 
piece ( workman%ip su* z ,%akespe>e     
describes him ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,hamlet4 ,he

 0 %ap$ to ?is h]oic m\ld by ,nature1 or
 r god1 s ! ,tudor translation reads1 & 
! use ( capital lett]s1 ?\gh only a     
freak ( ! pr9t]1 br+s out ) a s+ul>     
sugge/iv5ess ! lat5t pan!ism :i*        
und]lies ! ?\ght ( all ! humani/s4 ,to  
?is wond]ful creature /rife & w>f>e are 
naturally repugnant4 ,n only is 8 frame 
weak & t5d]1 b he is born to love &     
amity4 ,8 *ief end1 ! object to :i* all 
8 highe/ & mo/ di/9ctively human p[]s   
are direct$1 is coop]ant lab\r 9 !      
pursuit ( k4 ,w> comes out ( ignorance1 
& into ignorance x leads2 ( w> comes    
contempt ( virtue & ( godly liv+4 ,9 !  
age ( ,ma*iavelli ! ^w virtue _h a d\ble
 & s9i/] mean+2 b "h x is tak5 9 its    
nobl] s5se4 ,yet1 ! argum5t cont9ues1 = 
virtue1 ev5 9 ! ,flor5t9e /atesman's    
s5se1 w> gives b little room4 ,x is wag$
 ma9ly = va9 titles or *ildi% wra?2 x   
does n fo/]1 9 ^? responsible = x1 any  
"o ( ! nobl] excell5ces4 ,! argum5t     
?r\gh\t ?is "p ( ! treatise is1 bo? 9   
its sub/ance & 9 its ornam5t1 :olly ap>t

 f ! dogmas ( religion4 ,! furies ( w>  
are describ$ z ris+ out ( a v pagan     
hell4 ,! apo/rophe ( ,nature to mank9d  
imm$iately sugge/s ! _s z well z !      
language ( ,lucretius4 ,erasmus _h      
cle>ly be5 read+ ! ,de ,r]um ,natura1 & 
borr[s "s ( 8 f9e/ t\*es f t miracul\s  
description ( ! gr[? ( civilization 9 ! 
fif? book1 :i* is "o ( ! noble/         
contributions ( antiquity t[>ds a real  
conception ( ! nature ( ! _w & ( man4 ,!
 progressive deg5]ation ( morality1     
because1 z its scope becomes high]1     
practice falls fur!r & fur!r %ort ( x1  
is insi/$ ^u by bo? ^! great ?9k]s 9 mu*
 ! same _s & ) mu* ! same illu/rations4 
,! rise ( empires1 ( :i* !re 0 nev] none
 yet 9 any nation1 b x 0 gott5 ) ! great
 %$d+ ( man's blood1 is se5 by bo? 9 !  
same light4 ,b ,erasmus passes on to ! m
 expressly religi\s aspect ( ! :ole     
matt] 9 ! great d\ble climax ) :i* he   
cr[ns 8 argum5t1 ! wick$ness ( a        
,*ri/ian fight+ aga9/ ano!r man1 !      
horror ( a ,*ri/ian fight+ aga9/ ano!r  

,*ri/ian4 ,yea1 & ) a ?+ s devili%1 he  
breaks out 9 a m+l+ ( int5se scorn &    
pr(\nd pity1 we m+le ,*ri/4  ,f ?is     
passionate appeal he passes to ! praises
 ( peace4 ,:y %\ld m5 add ! horrors ( w>
 to all ! o!r mis]ies & dang]s ( life8  
,:y %\ld "o man's ga9 be s\ght only     
?r\gh ano!r's loss8 ,all victories 9 w> 
are ,cadmean2 n only f _! co/ 9 blood & 
treasure1 b because we are 9 v tru? !   
memb]s ( "o body1 r$eem$ ) ,*ri/'s      
blood4 ,su* 0 ! cle>1 unmi/akable tea*+ 
( our ,"l himself1 su* ( 8 apo/les4 ,b !
 doctr9e ( ,*ri/ has be5 pli$ to worldly
 op9ion4 ,worldly m51 philosoph]s foll[+
 ! sophi/ries ( ,ari/otle1 wor/ ( all1  
div9es & !ologians !mselves1 h corrupt$ 
! ,gospel to ! hea!ni% doctr9e t e man  
mu/ fir/ provide = himself4 ,! v words (
 ,scripture are wre/$ to ?is abuse4     
,self-def5ce is held to excuse any      
viol5ce4 ,pet] f\ght1 !y say1 9 !       
g>d51--yes1 & t same night he d5i$ 8    
,ma/]6 ,b puni%m5t ( wrong is a div9e   
ord9ance4 ,9 w> ! puni%m5t falls on !   

innoc5t4 ,b ! law ( nature bids u repel 
viol5ce by viol5ce4 ,:at is ! law (     
,*ri/8 ,b may n a pr9ce g to w> ju/ly = 
8 "r8 ,did any w> ev] lack a title8 ,b  
:at ( w>s aga9/ ! ,turk8 ,su* w>s are ( 
,turk aga9/ ,turk2 let u ov]come evil ) 
good1 let u spread ! ,gospel by do+ :at 
! ,gospel comm&s3 did ,*ri/ say1 ,hate  
!m t hate y8  ,!n1 ) ! tact ( an        
accompli%$ orator1 he lets ! t5sion     
relax1 & drops to a l[] tone4 ,ev5 ap>t 
f all t has be5 urg$1 ev5 if w> 7 ev]   
ju/ifiable1 ?9k ( ! price t has to be   
paid = x4 ,on ?is gr\nd alone an unju/  
peace is f> pref]able to a j w>4 7,^! _h
 be5 ! v words ( ,colet to ! k+ (       
,engl&47 ,m5 g to w> "u f9e pretexts1 b 
really to get ri*es1 to satisfy hatr$1  
or to w9 ! poor glory ( de/roy+4 ,!     
hatr$ is b exasp]at$2 ! glory is won by 
& = ! dregs ( mank9d2 ! ri*es are 9 !   
mo/ prosp]\s ev5t swall[$ up t5 times   
ov]4 ,yet if x be impossible b w> %\ld  
be1 if !re may be sometimes a col\r (   
equity 9 x1 & if ! tyrant's plea1       

necessity1 be ev] well-f\nd$1 at lea/1 s
 ,erasmus ends1 let x be conduct$       
m]cifully4 ,let u live 9 f]v5t desire ( 
! peace t we may n fully atta94 ,let    
pr9ces re/ra9 _! peoples2 let *ur*m5    
above all be peacemak]s4 ,s ! treatise  
passes to its conclusion ) t eulogy ( ! 
,m$icean pope already m5tion$1 :i*      
p]haps 0 n :olly undes]v$4 ,to ! mod]n  
_w ! "n ( ,leo ,x has come d[n m>k$ ) a 
note ( c5sure or ev5 ( ignom9y4 ,x is   
fair to rememb] t x did n be> q ! same  
aspect to its contempor>ies1 nor to !   
ages :i* imm$iately foll[$4 ,"u ,rodrigo
 ,borgia x might well seem to o!rs ?an  
to ! ,flor5t9e my/ic t anti*ri/ 0       
en?ron$1 & ,satan let loose ^u e>?4 ,!  
eight ye>s ( ,leo's pontificate         
7#aeac-ba7 7 at lea/ a p]iod ( outw>d   
spl5d\r & ( a ref9em5t hi!rto unkn[n4 ,!
 corruption1 half veil$ by t ref9em5t & 
spl5d\r1 0 deep & mortal1 b ! collapse  
did n come till lat]4 ,by comp>ison ) ! 
disa/r\s reign ( ,clem5t ,,vii1 8 ba/>d 
c\s91 t ( ,giovanni de' ,m$ici seem$ a  

la/ gleam ( light be=e blackness desc5d$
 on ! _w4 ,ev5 ! lic5ce ( a dissolute   
age 0 contra/$ to its fav\r ) ! gloom1  
tri/itia1 t settl$ d[n ov] ,europe ) !  
great ,ca?olic reaction4 ,! age ( ,leo  
,x has desc5d$ to hi/ory z ! age (      
,bembo1 ,sannaz>o1 ,lasc>is1 ( ! ,/anze 
( ! ,vatican1 ( ,raphael's ,si/9e       
,madonna & ,titian's ,assumption2 ( !   
conque/ ( ,mexico & ! circumnavigation (
 ,magellan2 ( ,magdal5 ,t[] & ,k+'s     
,college ,*apel4 ,x 0 an int]val (      
comp>ative peace be=e a long epo* ( w>s 
m cruel & m deva/at+ ?an any )9 ! memory
 ( m54 ,! g5]al ,european conflagration 
did n break out until t5 ye>s aft]      
,erasmus's dea?2 ?\gh x _h !n long be5  
=ese5 z inevitable4 ,b he liv$ to see ! 
conque/ ( ,rhodes by ,soliman1 ! sack ( 
,rome1 ! brea* betwe5 ,engl& & ! papacy1
 ! ill-om5$ m>riage ( ,ca!r9e de' ,m$ici
 to ! heir ( ! ,fr5* ?rone4 ,humanism _h
 done all t x c\ld1 & fail$4 ,9 !       
sangu9>y era ( "o hundr$ ye>s betwe5 !  
outbreak ( ! civil w> 9 ! ,empire & !   

,peace ( ,we/phalia1 ! ,r5aissance      
foll[$ ! ,middle ,ages to ! grave1 & !  
mod]n _w 0 born4  ,! m]e fact ( ?is     
treatise hav+ be5 translat$ into ,engli%
 & publi%$ by ! k+'s pr9t] %[s1 9 an age
 :5 ! lit]>y product ( ,engl& 0 z yet   
scanty1 t x _h "s vogue & ex]cis$ "s    
influ5ce4 ,b only a few copies ( ! "w   
are kn[n to exi/2 & x 0 nev] repr9t$4 ,x
 0 n until ne>ly ?ree c5turies lat]1    
amid ! ?roes ( an ,european revolution  
equally va/1 t ! "w 0 aga9 pres5t$ 9 an 
,engli% dress4 ,vicesimus ,knox1 a :ig  
essayi/1 compil]1 & publici/ ( "s       
reputation at ! "t1 0 ! au?or ( a book  
:i* 0 publi%$ anonym\sly 9 #agid & f\nd 
"s read]s 9 a ye> fill$ ) great ev5ts 9 
bo? ! hi/ory & ! lit]ature ( ,engl&4 ,x 
0 entitl$ ,anti-,polemus3 or ! ,plea (  
,reason1 ,religion1 & ,humanity aga9/   
,w>3 a ,fragm5t translat$ f ,erasmus &  
address$ to ,aggressors4 ,t 0 ! ye> :5 !
 f9al brea* took place 9 ! :ig p>ty1 &  
:5 ,pitt initiat$ 8 brief & ill-fat$    
policy ( conciliation 9 ,irel&4 ,x 0    

also ! ye> ( two works ( enorm\s        
influ5ce ov] ?\ght1 ,paley's ,evid5ces &
 ,pa9e's ,age ( ,reason4 ,among ^! great
 movem5ts ,knox's "w _h b little *ance (
 appeal+ to a wide audi5ce4 ,s$ quid ad 
nos8 ! bitt] motto on ! title-page1     
probably express$ ! feel+s ) :i* x 0    
g5]ally reg>d$4 ,a v]sion ( ! treatise  
aga9/ w>1 made f ! ,lat9 text ( !       
,adagia ) "s omissions1 is ! ma9        
sub/ance ( ! volume2 & ,knox add$ a few 
extracts f o!r writ+s ( ,erasmus on !   
same subject4 ,x does n appe> to h be5  
repr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 except 9 a collect$   
edition ( ,knox's works :i* may be f\nd 
on ! du/ie/ %elves ( old-fa%ion$        
libr>ies1 until1 aft] ! close ( !       
,napoleonic w>s1 x 0 aga9 publi%$ z a   
tract by ! ,society = ! ,promotion (    
,p]man5t & ,univ]sal ,peace4 ,"s half   
doz5 impressions ( ?is tract appe>$ at  
int]vals up to ! middle ( ! c5tury2 its 
publication pass$ into ! h&s ( !        
,society ( ,fri5ds1 & ! la/ issue ( :i* 
any record c be f\nd 0 made j be=e !    

outbreak ( ! ,crimean w>4 ,b 9 #ahac an 
abridg$ edition 0 pr9t$ at ,new ,york1 &
 0 "o ( ! books :i* influ5c$ ! great    
movem5t t[>ds humanity !n /irr+ 9 ! "y  
,republic4  ,at ! pres5t day1 !         
reaction>y wave :i* has ov]spread ! _w  
has l$1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 to a new
 glorification ( w>4 ,peace is on ! lips
 ( gov]nm5ts & ( individuals1 b b5ea? ! 
smoo? surface ! same passions1 drap$ z  
!y always h be5 "u f9e names1 are a     
m5ace to progress & to ! high] life (   
mank9d4 ,! increase ( armam5ts1 !       
glorification ( ! milit>y life1 !       
fanaticism :i* reg>ds organiz$ robb]y & 
murd] z a sacr$ imp]ial mission1 are !  
fruits ( a _s :i* has fall5 z f> bel[ ! 
/&>d ( humanism z x has left beh9d x !  
precepts ( a /ill outw>dly ackn[l$g$    
religion4 ,at su* a "t ! noble plead+ ( 
,erasmus has m ?an a m]ely lit]>y or    
antiqu>ian int]e/4 ,= ! appeal (        
humanism /ill is1 z x 0 !n1 to ! dignity
 ( human nature itself4  ,j4 ,w4        
,mackail     ,,aga9/ ,,w>     ,,dulce   

,,bellum ,,inexp]tis   ,x is bo? an     
elegant prov]b1 & among all o!rs1 by !  
writ+s ( _m excell5t au?ors1 full (t5 & 
solemnly us$1 ,dulce bellum inexp]tis1 t
 is to say1 ,w> is sweet to !m t "k x n4
 ,!re be "s ?+s among mortal m5's       
bus9esses1 9 ! :i* h[ great dang] & hurt
 !re is1 a man _c p]ceive till he make a
 pro(4 ,! love & fri5d%ip ( a great man 
is sweet to !m t be n exp]t3 he t ha? _h
 !re( exp]i5ce1 is afraid4 ,x seeme? to 
be a gay & a glori\s ?+1 to /rut up &   
d[n among ! nobles ( ! c\rt1 & to be    
occupi$ 9 ! k+'s bus9ess2 b old m51 to  
:om t ?+ by long exp]i5ce is well kn[n1 
d gladly ab/a9 !mselves f su* felicity4 
,x seeme? a pleasant ?+ to be 9 love ) a
 "y damsel2 b t is unto !m t h n yet    
p]ceiv$ h[ mu* grief & bitt]ness is 9   
su* love4 ,s aft] ?is mann] ( fa%ion1   
?is prov]b may be appli$ to e bus9ess t 
is adjo9$ ) great p]il & ) _m evils3 !  
:i* no man w take on h&1 b he t is "y & 
wante? exp]i5ce ( ?+s4  ,ari/otle1 9 8  
book ( ,rhetoric1 %[e? ! cause :y y\? is

 m bold1 & contr>iwise old age m fe>ful3
 = unto "y m5 lack ( exp]i5ce is cause (
 great boldness1 & to ! o!r1 exp]i5ce ( 
_m griefs eng5d]e? fe> & d\bt+4 ,!n if  
!re be any?+ 9 ! _w t %\ld be tak5 9 h& 
) fe> & d\bt+1 yea1 t ought by all mann]
 ( means to be fl$1 to be )/ood ) pray]1
 & to be clean avoid$1 v]ily x is w>2   
?an :i* no?+ is ei!r m wick$1 or m      
wret*$1 or t m f>!r de/roye?1 or t nev] 
h& cleave? sor] to1 or do? m hurt1 or is
 m horrible1 & briefly to speak1 no?+   
do? worse become a man 7,i w n say a    
,*ri/ian man7 ?an w>4 ,& yet x is a     
wond] to speak (1 h[ n[adays 9 e place1 
h[ lightly1 & h[ = e trifl+ matt]1 x is 
tak5 9 h&1 h[ outrage\sly & b>b>\sly x  
is ge/$ & done1 n only ( hea!n p1 b also
 ( ,*ri/ian m52 n only ( secul> m51 b   
also ( prie/s & bi%ops2 n only ( "y m5 &
 ( !m t h no exp]i5ce1 b also ( old m5 &
 ( ^? t s (t5 h _h exp]i5ce2 n only ( ! 
common & movable vulg> p1 b mo/         
specially ( ! pr9ces1 ^: duty _h be51 by
 wisdom & reason1 to set 9 a good ord] &

 to pacify ! light & ha/y mov+s ( !     
fooli% multitude4 ,nor !re lack nei!r   
lawy]s1 nor yet div9es1 ! :i* are ready 
) _! firebr&s to k9dle ^! ?+s s         
abom9able1 & !y enc\rage !m t else 7    
cold1 & !y privily provoke ^? to x t 7  
we>y !re(4 ,& by ^! means x is come to t
 pass t w> is a ?+ n[ s well accept$1 t 
m5 wond] at him t is n pleas$ !re)4 ,x  
is s mu* approv$1 t x is c\nt$ a wick$  
?+ 7& ,i _h almo/ said h]esy7 to reprove
 ?is "o ?+1 ! :i* z x is above all o!r  
?+s mo/ mis*iev\s1 s x is mo/ wret*$4 ,b
 h[ m ju/ly %\ld ?is be wond]$ at1 :at  
evil _s1 :at pe/il5ce1 :at mis*ief1 &   
:at madness put fir/ 9 man's m9d a ?+ s 
beyond measure bea/ly1 t ?is mo/        
pleasant & reasonable creature ,man1 !  
:i* ,nature ha? br\ght =? to peace &    
b5evol5ce1 :i* "o alone %e ha? br\ght =?
 to ! help & succ\r ( all o!r1 %\ld ) s 
wild wilfulness1 ) s mad rages1 run     
headlong "o to de/roy ano!r8 ,at ! :i*  
?+ he %all also mu* m m>vel1 :osoev]    
w\ld )draw 8 m9d f ! op9ions ( ! common 

p1 & w turn x to behold ! v pure /r5g? &
 nature ( ?+s2 & w ap>t behold )        
philosophical eyes ! image ( man on ! "o
 side1 & ! picture ( w> on ! o!r side4  
,!n fir/ ( all if "o w\ld consid] well b
 ! behavi\r & %ape ( man's body %all he 
n =?) p]ceive t ,nature1 or r ,god1 ha? 
%ap$ ?is creature1 n to w>1 b to        
fri5d%ip1 n to de/ruction1 b to heal?1 n
 to wrong1 b to k9dness & b5evol5ce8 ,= 
:]eas ,nature ha? arm$ all o!r bea/s )  
_! own arm\r1 z ! viol5ce ( ! bulls %e  
ha? arm$ ) horns1 ! ramp+ lion ) claws2 
to ! bo> %e ha? giv5 ! gna%+ tusks2 %e  
ha? arm$ ! elephant ) a long trump sn\t1
 besides 8 great huge body & h>dness ( !
 sk92 %e ha? f5c$ ! crocodile ) a sk9 z 
h>d z a plate2 to ! dolph9 fi% %e ha?   
giv5 f9s in/ead ( a d>t2 ! porcup9e %e  
def5de? ) ?orns2 ! ray & ?ornback ) %>p 
prickles2 to ! cock %e ha? giv5 /rong   
spurs2 "s %e f5ce? ) a %ell1 "s ) a h>d 
hide1 z x 7 ?ick lea!r1 or b>k ( a tree2
 "s %e provide? to save by swiftness (  
flight1 z doves2 & to "s %e ha? giv5    

v5om in/ead ( a weapon2 to "s %e ha?    
giv5 a mu* horrible & ugly look1 %e ha? 
giv5 t]rible eyes & grunt+ voice2 & %e  
ha? also set among "s ( !m cont9ual     
diss5sion & debate--man alone %e ha?    
br\ght =? all nak$1 weak1 t5d]1 & )\t   
any arm\r1 ) mo/ s(t fle% & smoo? sk94  
,!re is no?+ at all 9 all 8 memb]s t may
 seem to be orda9$ to w>1 or to any     
viol5ce4 ,i w n say at ?is "t1 t :]e all
 o!r bea/s1 anon z !y are br\ght =?1 !y 
are able ( !mselves to get _! food4 ,man
 alone come? s =?1 t a long season aft] 
he is born1 he dep5de? altoge!r on !    
help ( o!rs4 ,he c nei!r speak nor g1   
nor yet take meat2 he desire? help only 
by 8 infant cry+3 s t a man may1 at !   
lea/ way1 by ?is conject1 t ?is creature
 alone 0 born all to love & amity1 :i*  
specially increase? & is fa/ knit toge!r
 by good turns done eftsoons ( "o to    
ano!r4 ,& = ?is cause ,nature w\ld1 t a 
man %\ld n s mu* ?ank h]1 = ! gift (    
life1 :i* %e ha? giv5 unto him1 z he    
%\ld ?ank k9dness & b5evol5ce1 :]eby he 

might evid5tly und]/& himself1 t he 0   
altoge!r d$icate & b\nd5 to ! gods (    
graces1 t is to say1 to k9dness1        
b5evol5ce1 & amity4 ,& besides ?is      
,nature ha? giv5 unto man a c\nt5ance n 
t]rible & loa?ly1 z unto o!r brute      
bea/s2 b meek & demure1 repres5t+ ! v   
tok5s ( love & b5evol5ce4 ,%e ha? giv5  
him amiable eyes1 & 9 !m assur$ m>ks ( !
 inw>d m9d4 ,%e ha? orda9$ him arms to  
clip & embrace4 ,%e ha? giv5 him ! wit &
 und]/&+ to kiss3 :]eby ! v m9ds & he>ts
 ( m5 %\ld be c\pl$ toge!r1 ev5 z ?\gh  
!y t\*$ ea* o!r4 ,unto man alone %e ha? 
giv5 laugh+1 a tok5 ( good *e] &        
gladness4 ,to man alone %e ha? giv5     
weep+ te>s1 z x 7 a pl$ge or tok5 (     
meekness & m]cy4 ,yea1 & %e ha? giv5 him
 a voice n ?reat5+ & horrible1 z unto   
o!r brute bea/s1 b amiable & pleasant4  
,nature n yet cont5t ) all ?is1 %e ha?  
giv5 unto man alone ! commodity ( spee* 
& reason+3 ! :i* ?+s v]ily may specially
 bo? get & n\ri% b5evol5ce1 s t no?+ at 
all %\ld be done among m5 by viol5ce4   

,%e ha? endu$ man ) hatr$ ( solit>9ess1 
& ) love ( company4 ,%e ha? utt]ly s[n 9
 man ! v se$s ( b5evol5ce4 ,%e ha? s    
done1 t ! selfsame ?+1 t is mo/         
:olesome1 %\ld be mo/ sweet &           
delectable4 ,= :at is m delectable ?an a
 fri5d8 ,& aga91 :at ?+ is m necess>y8  
,moreov]1 if a man might lead all 8 life
 mo/ pr(itably )\t any m$dl+ ) o!r m51  
yet no?+ w\ld seem pleasant )\t a fell[3
 except a man w\ld ca/ (f all humanity1 
& =sak+ 8 own k9d w\ld become a bea/4   
,besides all ?is1 ,nature ha? endu$ man 
) k ( lib]al sci5ces & a f]v5t desire ( 
k3 :i* ?+ z x do? mo/ specially )draw   
man's wit f all bea/ly wildness1 s ha? x
 a special grace to get & knit toge!r   
love & fri5d%ip4 ,= ,i d>e boldly say1 t
 nei!r aff9ity nor yet k9dr$ do? b9d !  
m9ds ( m5 toge!r ) /rait] & sur] b&s (  
amity1 ?an do? ! fell[%ip ( !m t be     
le>n$ 9 good lett]s & hone/ /udies4 ,&  
above all ?is1 ,nature ha? divid$ among 
m5 by a m>vell\s v>iety ! gifts1 z well 
( ! s\l z ( ! body1 to ! int5t truly t e

 man might f9d 9 e s+ul> p]son "o ?+ or 
o!r1 :i* !y %\ld ei!r love or praise = !
 excell5cy !re(2 or else greatly desire 
& make mu* ( x1 = ! ne$ & pr(it t come? 
!re(4 ,f9ally %e ha? end[$ man ) a sp>k 
( a godly m9d3 s t ?\gh he see no rew>d1
 yet ( 8 own c\rage he delighte? to d e 
man good3 = unto ,god x is mo/ prop] &  
natural1 by 8 b5efit1 to d ev]ybody     
good4 ,else :at meane? x1 t we rejoice &
 conceive 9 our m9ds no little pleasure 
:5 we p]ceive t any creature is by our  
means pres]v$4  ,moreov] ,god ha? orda9$
 man 9 ?is _w1 z x 7 ! v image (        
himself1 to ! int5t1 t he1 z x 7 a god  
on e>?1 %\ld provide = ! weal? ( all    
creatures4 ,& ?is ?+ ! v brute bea/s d  
also p]ceive1 = we may see1 t n only !  
tame bea/s1 b also ! leop>ds1 lions1 &  
o!r m fi]ce & wild1 :5 !y be 9 any great
 jeop>dy1 !y flee to man = succ\r4 ,s   
man is1 :5 all ?+s fail1 ! la/ refuge to
 all mann] ( creatures4 ,he is unto !m  
all ! v assur$ alt> & sanctu>y4  ,i h "h
 pa9t$ out to y ! image ( man z well z  

,i c4 ,on ! o!r side 7if x l y7 aga9/ ! 
figure ( ,man1 let u portray ! fa%ion & 
%ape ( ,w>4  ,n[1 !n1 imag9e 9 ?y m9d1 t
 ?\ do/ behold two ho/s ( b>b>\s p1 (   
:om ! look is fi]ce & cruel1 & ! voice  
horrible2 ! t]rible & fe>ful ru/l+ &    
gli/]+ ( _! h>ness & weapons2 ! unlovely
 murmur ( s huge a multitude2 ! eyes    
/]nly m5ac+2 ! bloody bla/s & t]rible   
s\nds ( trumpets & cl>ions2 ! ?und]+ ( !
 guns1 no less fe>ful ?an ?und] inde$1 b
 mu* m hurtful2 ! fr5zi$ cry & clam\r1 !
 furi\s & mad runn+ toge!r1 ! outrage\s 
slaught]1 ! cruel *ances ( !m t flee & (
 ^? t are /rick5 d[n & sla91 ! heaps (  
slaught]s1 ! fields ov]fl[$ ) blood1 !  
riv]s dy$ r$ ) man's blood4 ,& x *ance? 
(t5times1 t ! bro!r fighte? ) ! bro!r1  
"o k9sman ) ano!r1 fri5d aga9/ fri5d2 & 
9 t common furi\s desire (ttimes "o     
?ru/e? 8 weapon q ?r\gh ! body ( ano!r t
 nev] gave him s mu* z a f\l ^w4 ,v]ily1
 ?is trag$y conta9e? s _m mis*iefs1 t x 
w\ld abhor any man's he>t to speak !re(4
 ,i w let pass to speak ( ! hurts :i*   

are 9 comp>ison ( ! o!r b light &       
common1 z ! tread+ d[n & de/roy+ ( !    
corn all ab\t1 ! burn+ ( t[ns1 !        
villages fir$1 ! driv+ away ( cattle1 ! 
ravi%+ ( maid5s1 ! old m5 l$ =? 9       
captivity1 ! robb+ ( *ur*es1 & all ?+s  
conf\nd$ & full ( !fts1 pillages1 &     
viol5ce4 ,nei!r ,i w n speak n[ ( ^? ?+s
 :i* are wont to foll[ ! mo/ happy & mo/
 j w> ( all4  ,! poor commons pillag$1 !
 nobles ov]*>g$2 s _m old m5 ( _! *ildr5
 b]eav$1 yea1 & sla9 also 9 ! slaught] (
 _! *ildr52 s _m old wom5 de/itute1 :om 
sorr[ m cruelly slaye? ?an ! weapon     
itself2 s _m hone/ wives become wid[s1 s
 _m *ildr5 fa!rless1 s _m lam5table     
h\ses1 s _m ri* m5 br\ght to extreme    
pov]ty4 ,& :at ne$e? x "h to speak ( !  
de/ruction ( good mann]s1 s9ce !re is no
 man b kn[e? "r well t ! univ]sal       
pe/il5ce ( all mis*iev\s liv+ proce$e?  
at once f w>4 ,!re( come? despis+ (     
virtue & godly liv+2 !re( come?1 t !    
laws are neglect$ & n reg>d$2 !re( come?
 a prompt & a ready /oma*1 boldly to d e

 mis*iev\s de$4 ,out ( ?is f\nta9 spr+ s
 huge great companies ( ?ieves1 robb]s1 
sacrileg]s1 & murd]]s4 ,& :at is mo/    
griev\s ( all1 ?is mis*iev\s pe/il5ce _c
 keep h]self )9 h] b\nds2 b aft] x is   
begun 9 "s "o corn]1 x do? n only 7z a  
contagi\s disease7 spread abroad &      
infect ! c\ntries ne> adjo9+ to x1 b    
also x drawe? into t common tumult &    
tr\bl\s bus9ess ! c\ntries t be v f> (f1
 ei!r = ne$1 or by reason ( aff9ity1 or 
else by occasion ( "s league made4 ,yea 
& moreov]1 "o w> spr+e? ( ano!r3 ( a    
dissembl$ w> !re come? w> inde$1 & ( a v
 small1 a "r great w> ha? ris54 ,nor x  
*ance? (t5times none o!rwise 9 ^! ?+s   
?an x is feign$ ( ! mon/]1 :i* lay 9 !  
lake or pond call$ ,l]na4  ,= ^! causes1
 ,i tr[1 ! old poets1 ! :i* mo/ sagely  
p]ceiv$ ! p[] & nature ( ?+s1 & ) mo/   
meet feign+s cov]tly %ad[$ ! same1 h    
left 9 writ+1 t w> 0 s5t out ( hell3 nor
 e "o ( ! ,furies 0 n meet & conv5i5t to
 br+ ab\t ?is bus9ess1 b ! mo/ pe/il5t &
 mis*iev\s ( !m all 0 *os5 out = !      

nonce1 :i* ha? a ?\s& names1 & a ?\s&   
crafts to d hurt4 ,%e be+ arm$ ) a ?\s& 
s]p5ts1 bl[e? be=e h] h] fi5di% trumpet4
 ,pan ) furi\s ruffl+ encumb]e? e place4
 ,bellona %ake? h] furi\s flail4 ,& !n !
 wick$ furi\sness himself1 :5 he ha?    
undone all knots & brok5 all bonds1     
ru%e? out ) bloody m\? horrible to      
behold4  ,! gramm>ians p]ceiv$ "r well  
^! ?+s1 ( ! :i* "s w1 t w> h 8 "n by    
contr>y mean+ ( ! ^w ,bellum1 t is to   
say fair1 because x ha? no?+ good nor   
fair4 ,nor bellum1 t is = to say w>1 is 
none o!rwise call$ ,bellum1 t is to say 
fair1 ?an ! furies are call$ ,eum5ides1 
t is to say meek1 because !y are wilful 
& contr>y to all meekness4 ,& "s        
gramm>ians ?9k r1 t bellum1 w>1 %\ld be 
d]iv$ out ( ?is ^w ,belva1 t is = to    
say1 a brute bea/3 =asmu* z x belonge?  
to brute bea/s1 & n unto m51 to run     
toge!r1 ea* to de/roy ea* o!r4 ,b x     
seeme? to me f> to pass all wild & all  
brute bea/l9ess1 to fight toge!r )      
weapons4  ,fir/1 = !re are _m ( ! brute 

bea/s1 ea* 9 8 k9d1 t agree & live 9 a  
g5tle fa%ion toge!r1 & !y g toge!r 9    
h]ds & flocks1 & ea* helpe? to def5d !  
o!r4 ,nor is x ! nature ( all wild bea/s
 to fight1 = "s are h>mless1 z does &   
h>es4 ,b !y t are ! mo/ fi]ce ( all1 z  
lions1 wolves1 & tig]s1 d n make w>     
among !mselves z we d4 ,"o dog eate? n  
ano!r4 ,! lions1 ?\gh !y be fi]ce &     
cruel1 yet !y fight n among !mselves4   
,"o dragon is 9 peace ) ano!r4 ,& !re is
 agreem5t among poison\s s]p5ts4 ,b unto
 man !re is no wild or cruel bea/ m     
hurtful ?an man4  ,aga91 :5 ! brute     
bea/s fight1 !y fight ) _! own natural  
arm\r3 we m51 above nature1 to !        
de/ruction ( m51 arm ourselves ) arm\r1 
inv5t$ by craft ( ! devil4 ,nor ! wild  
bea/s are n cruel = e cause2 b ei!r :5  
hung] make? !m fi]ce1 or else :5 !y     
p]ceive !mselves to be hunt$ & pursu$ to
 ! dea?1 or else :5 !y fe> le/ _!       
y\ngl+s %\ld take any h>m or be /ol5 f  
!m4 ,b 7,o good ,"l7 = :at trifl+ causes
 :at trag$ies ( w> d we /ir up8 ,= mo/  

va9 titles1 = *ildi% wra?1 = a w5*1 yea1
 & = causes mu* m scornful ?an ^!1 we be
 inflam$ to fight4  ,moreov]1 :5 ! brute
 bea/s fight1 !n w> is "o = "o1 yea1 & t
 is v %ort4 ,& :5 ! battle is sore/     
f\ght1 yet is !re n pa/ "o or two1 t    
goe? away sore w\nd$4 ,:5 0 x ev] he>d t
 an hundr$ ?\s& brute bea/s 7 sla9 at "o
 "t fight+ & te>+ "o ano!r3 :i* ?+ m5 d 
full (t & 9 _m places8 ,& besides ?is1  
:]eas "s wild bea/s h natural debate )  
"s o!r t be ( a contr>y k9d1 s aga9 !re 
be "s ) :i* !y lov+ly agree 9 a sure    
amity4 ,b man ) man1 & ea* ) o!r1 h     
among !m cont9ual w>2 nor is !re league 
sure en\gh among any m54 ,s t :atsoev] x
 be1 t ha? gone out ( k9d1 x ha? gone   
out ( k9d into a worse fa%ion1 ?an if   
,nature h]self _h eng5d]$ !re9 a malice 
at ! beg9n+4  ,w ye see h[ bea/ly1 h[   
f\l1 & h[ unwor?y a ?+ w> is = man8 ,did
 ye nev] behold a lion let loose unto a 
be>8 ,:at gap+s1 :at ro>+s1 :at grisly  
gna%+1 :at te>+ ( _! fle%1 is !re8 ,he  
tremble? t beholde? !m1 yea1 ?\gh he /& 

sure & safe en\gh f !m4 ,b h[ mu* m     
grisly a sight is x1 h[ mu* m outrage\s 
& cruel1 to behold man to fight ) man1  
array$ ) s mu* arm\r1 & ) s _m weapons8 
,i besee* y1 :o w\ld believe t !y 7 m51 
if x 7 n because w> is a ?+ s mu* 9     
cu/om t no man m>velle? at x8 ,_! eyes  
gl[ l fire1 _! faces be pale1 _! m>*+ =?
 is l m5 9 a fury1 _! voice scree*+ &   
grunt+1 _! cry & fr5zi$ clam\r2 all is  
iron1 _! h>ness & weapons j+l+ &        
clatt]+1 & ! guns ?und]+4 ,x might h be5
 bett] suff]$1 if man1 = lack ( meat &  
dr9k1 %\ld h f\ght ) man1 to ! int5t he 
might dev\r 8 fle% & dr9k 8 blood3      
albeit1 x is come also n[ to t pass1 t  
"s !re be t d x m ( hatr$ ?an ei!r =    
hung] or = ?ir/4 ,b n[ ?is same ?+ is   
done m cruelly1 ) weapons env5om$1 & )  
devili% eng9es4 ,s t n[h]e may be       
p]ceiv$ any tok5 ( man4 ,tr[ ye t       
,nature c\ld "h "k x 0 ! same ?+1 t %e  
sometime _h wr\ght ) h] own h&s8 ,& if  
any man w\ld in=m h]1 t x 7 man t %e    
beheld 9 su* array1 might %e n well1 )  

great wond]+1 say ^! words8  ,:at new   
mann] ( pageant is ?is t ,i behold8 ,:at
 devil ( hell ha? br\ght u =? ?is mon/]4
 ,!re be "s t call me a /epmo!r1 because
 t among s great heaps ( ?+s ( my mak+  
,i h br\ght =? "s v5om\s ?+s 7& yet h ,i
 orda9$ ! selfsame v5om\s ?+s = man's   
beho(72 & because ,i h made "s bea/s v  
fi]ce & p]il\s3 & yet is !re no bea/ s  
wild nor s p]il\s1 b t by craft &       
dilig5ce he may be made tame & g5tle4   
,by man's dilig5t lab\r ! lions h be5   
made tame1 ! dragons meek1 & ! be>s     
ob$i5t4 ,b :at is ?is1 t worse is ?an   
any /epmo!r1 :i* ha? br\ght u =? ?is new
 unreasonable brute bea/1 ! pe/il5ce &  
mis*ief ( all ?is _w8 ,"o bea/ alone ,i 
br\ght =? :olly d$icate to be b5evol5t1 
pleasant1 fri5dly1 & :olesome to all    
o!r4 ,:at ha? *anc$1 t ?is creature is  
*ang$ into su* a brute bea/8 ,i p]ceive 
no?+ ( ! creature man1 :i* ,i myself    
made4 ,:at evil _s ha? ?us defil$ my "w8
 ,:at wit* ha? bewit*$ ! m9d ( man1 &   
trans=m$ x into su* bruti%ness8 ,:at    

sorc]ess ha? ?us turn$ him out ( 8 k9dly
 %ape8 ,i comm& & w\ld t ! wret*$       
creature %\ld behold himself 9 a glass4 
,b1 alas1 :at %all ! eyes see1 :]e ! m9d
 is away8 ,yet behold ?yself 7if ?\     
can/71 ?\ furi\s w>rior1 & see if ?\    
may/ by any means recov] ?yself aga94 ,f
 :5ce ha/ ?\ t ?reat5+ cre/ ^u ?y head8 
,f :5ce ha/ ?\ t %9+ helmet8 ,f :5ce are
 ^? iron horns8 ,:5ce come? x1 t ?9e    
elb[s are s %>p & pik$8 ,:]e had/ ?\ ^? 
scales8 ,:]e had/ ?\ ^? braz5 tee?8 ,(  
:5ce are ^? h>d plates8 ,:5ce are ^?    
deadly weapons8 ,f :5ce come? to !e ?is 
voice m horrible ?an ( a wild bea/8 ,:at
 a look & c\nt5ance ha/ ?\ m t]rible ?an
 ( a brute bea/8 ,:]e ha/ ?\ gott5 ?is  
?und] & lightn+1 bo? m fe>ful & hurtful 
?an is ! v ?und] & lightn+ itself8 ,i   
=m$ !e a goodly creature2 :at came into 
?y m9d1 t ?\ w\ld/ ?us trans=m ?yself   
into s cruel & s bea/ly fa%ion1 t !re is
 no brute bea/ s unreasonable 9         
comp>ison unto man8  ,^! words1 & _m o!r
 su* l1 ,i suppose1 ! ,dame ,nature1 !  

work] ( all ?+s1 w\ld say4 ,!n s9ce man 
is su* z is %[$ be=e t he is1 & t w> is 
su* a ?+1 l z too (t we h felt & kn[n1 x
 seeme? to me no small wond]1 :at ill   
_s1 :at disease1 or :at mi%ap1 fir/ put 
into man's m9d1 t he w\ld ba! 8 mortal  
weapon 9 ! blood ( man4 ,x mu/ ne$s be1 
t m5 m\nt$ up to s great madness by     
div]s degrees4 ,= !re 0 nev] man yet 7z 
,juv5al sai?7 t 0 sudd5ly mo/ graceless 
( all4 ,& always ?+s ! wor/ h crept 9   
among m5's mann]s ( liv+1 "u ! %ad[ &   
%ape ( goodness4 ,= "s "t ^? m5 t 7 9 ! 
beg9n+ ( ! _w l$ _! lives 9 woods2 !y   
w5t nak$1 !y _h no wall$ t[ns1 nor h\ses
 to put _! heads 93 x happ5$ o!r:ile t  
!y 7 sore griev$ & de/roy$ ) wild bea/s4
 ,:]e=e ) !m fir/ ( all1 m5 made w>1 &  
he 0 e/eem$ a mighty /rong man1 & a     
capta91 t c\ld be/ def5d mank9d f !     
viol5ce ( wild bea/s4 ,yea1 & x seem$ to
 !m a ?+ mo/ equable to /rangle !       
/rangl]s1 & to slay ! slay]s1 namely1 :5
 ! wild bea/1 n provok$ by u = any hurt 
to !m done1 w\ld wilfully set ^u u4 ,& s

 by reason t ?is 0 c\nt$ a ?+ mo/ wor?y 
( praise 7= h]e( x rose t ,h]cules 0    
made a god71 ! lu/y-/oma*$ "y m5 began  
all ab\t to hunt & *ase ! wild bea/s1 & 
z a tok5 ( _! valiant victory ! sk9s (  
su* bea/s z !y slew 7 set up 9 su*      
places z ! p might behold !m4 ,besides  
?is !y 7 n cont5t$ to slay ! wild bea/s1
 b !y us$ to we> _! sk9s to keep !m f ! 
cold 9 w9t]4 ,^! 7 ! fir/ slaught]s t m5
 us$3 ^! 7 _! spoils & robb]ies4 ,aft]  
?is1 !y w5t s f>=?1 t !y 7 bold to d a  
?+ :i* ,py?agoras ?\ght to be v wick$2 &
 x might seem to u also a ?+ mon/r\s1 if
 cu/om 7 n1 :i* ha? s great /r5g? 9 e   
place3 t by cu/om x 0 reput$ 9 "s       
c\ntries a mu* *>itable de$ if a man    
w\ld1 :5 8 fa!r 0 v old1 fir/ sore beat 
him1 & aft] ?ru/ him headlong into a    
pit1 & s b]eave him ( 8 life1 by :om x  
*anc$ him to h ! gift ( life4 ,x 0 c\nt$
 a holy ?+ = a man to fe$ on ! fle% ( 8 
own k9sm5 & fri5ds4 ,!y ?\ght x a goodly
 ?+1 t a virg9 %\ld be made common to ! 
p 9 ! temple ( ,v5us4 ,& _m o!r ?+s1 m  

abom9able ?an ^!3 ( :i* if a man %\ld n[
 b only speak1 e man w\ld abhor to he>  
him4 ,surely !re is no?+ s ungraci\s1   
nor no?+ s cruel1 b m5 w hold !re)1 if x
 be once approv$ by cu/om4 ,!n w ye he>1
 :at a de$ !y dur/ at ! la/ d8 ,!y 7 n  
aba%$ to eat ! c>cases ( ! wild bea/s t 
7 sla91 to te> ! unsav\ry fle% ) _!     
tee?1 to dr9k ! blood1 to suck out !    
matt] ( !m1 & 7z ,ovid sai?7 to hide !  
bea/s' b[els )9 _! own4 ,& al?\gh at t  
"t x seem$ to be an outrage\s de$ unto  
!m t 7 ( a m mild & g5tle c\rage3 yet 0 
x g5]ally all[$1 & all by reason ( cu/om
 & commodity4 ,yet 7 !y n s cont5t4 ,=  
!y w5t f ! slay+ ( noisome wild bea/s1  
to kill ! h>mless bea/s1 & su* z did no 
hurt at all4 ,!y wax$ cruel ev]y:]e ^u !
 poor %eep1 a bea/ )\t fraud or guile4  
,!y slew ! h>e1 = none o!r (f5ce1 b     
because he 0 a good fat di% ( meat to   
fe$ ^u4 ,nor !y =b>e n to kill ! tame   
ox1 :i* _h a long season1 ) 8 sore      
lab\r1 n\ri%$ ! unk9d h\sehold4 ,!y sp>$
 no k9d ( bea/s1 ( f[ls1 nor ( fi%es4   

,yea1 & ! tyranny ( gluttony w5t s f>=? 
t !re 0 no bea/ any:]e t c\ld be sure f 
! cruelty ( man4 ,yea1 & cu/om p]suad$  
?is also1 t x seem$ no cruelty at all to
 slay any mann] ( bea/1 :atsoev] x 01 s 
!y ab/a9$ f manslaught]4 ,n[ p]adv5ture 
x lie? 9 our p[] to keep out vices1 t !y
 ent] n ^u ! mann]s ( m51 9 l mann] z x 
lie? 9 our p[] to keep out ! sea1 t x   
break n 9 ^u u2 b :5 ! sea is once brok5
 91 x passe? our p[] to re/ra9 x )9 any 
b\nds4 ,s ei!r ( !m bo? once let 91 !y w
 n be rul$1 z we w\ld1 b run =? headlong
 :i!rsoev] _! own rage c>rie? !m4 ,& s  
aft] t m5 _h be5 ex]cis$ ) su* beg9n+s  
to slaught]1 wra? anon entic$ man to set
 ^u man1 ei!r ) /aff1 or ) /one1 or else
 ) 8 fi/4 ,= z yet1 ,i ?9k !y us$ no o!r
 weapons4 ,& n[ _h !y le>n$ by ! kill+ (
 bea/s1 t man also might soon & easily  
be sla9 ) little lab\r4 ,b ?is cruelty  
rema9$ betwixt s+ul> p]sons1 s t yet !re
 0 no great numb] ( m5 t f\ght toge!r1 b
 z x *anc$ "o man aga9/ ano!r4 ,&       
besides ?is1 !re 0 no small col\r (     

equity1 if a man slew 8 enemy2 yea1 &   
%ortly aft]1 x 0 a great praise to a man
 to slay a viol5t & a mis*iev\s man1 &  
to rid him out ( ! _w1 su* devili% &    
cruel caitiffs1 z m5 say ,cacus &       
,busiris 74 ,= we see pla9ly1 t = su*   
causes1 ,h]cules 0 greatly prais$4 ,& 9 
process ( "t1 _m assembl$ to take "p    
toge!r1 ei!r z aff9ity1 or z            
neighb\rhood1 or k9dr$ b\nd !m4 ,& :at  
is n[ robb]y 0 !n w>4 ,& !y f\ght !n )  
/ones1 or ) /akes1 a little burn$ at !  
ends4 ,a little riv]1 a rock1 or su* o!r
 l ?+1 *anc+ to be betwe5 !m1 made an   
end ( _! battle4  ,9 ! mean season1 :ile
 fi]c5ess by use increase?1 :ile wra? is
 gr[n great1 & ambition hot & vehem5t1  
by +5i\s craft !y arm _! furi\s viol5ce4
 ,!y devise h>ness1 su* z x is1 to f5ce 
!m )4 ,!y inv5t weapons to de/roy _!    
enemies )4 ,?us n[ by few & few1 n[ )   
great] company1 & n[ arm$ !y beg9 to    
fight4 ,nor to ?is manife/ madness !y   
=get n to give hon\r4 ,= !y call x      
,bellum1 t is to say1 a fair ?+2 yea1 & 

!y repute x a virtu\s de$1 if a man1 ) !
 jeop>dy ( 8 own life1 manly resi/ &    
def5d f ! viol5ce ( 8 enemies1 8 wife1  
*ildr51 bea/s1 & h\sehold4 ,& by little 
& little1 malice grew s great1 ) ! high 
e/eem+ ( o!r ?+s1 t "o city began to s5d
 defiance & make w> to ano!r1 c\ntry    
aga9/ c\ntry1 & realm aga9/ realm4 ,&   
?\gh ! ?+ ( itself 0 !n mo/ cruel1 yet  
all ?is :ile !re rema9$ 9 !m c]ta9      
tok5s1 :]eby !y might be kn[n = m53 =   
su* goods z by viol5ce 7 tak5 away 7    
ask$ & requir$ aga9 by an h]ald at arms2
 ! gods 7 call$ to witness2 yea1 & :5 !y
 7 rang$ 9 battle1 !y w\ld reason !     
matt] ere !y f\ght4 ,& 9 ! battle !y us$
 b homely weapons1 nor !y us$ nei!r     
guile nor deceit1 b only /r5g?4 ,x 0 n  
lawful = a man to /rike 8 enemy till !  
sign ( battle 0 giv52 nor 0 x n lawful  
to fight aft] ! s\nd+ ( ! retreat4 ,& = 
conclusion1 !y f\ght m to %[ _! manl9ess
 & = praise1 ?an !y covet$ to slay4 ,nor
 all ?is :ile !y arm$ !m n1 b aga9/     
/rang]s1 ! :i* !y call$ ho/es1 z !y _h  

be5 hospites1 _! gue/s4 ,( ?is rose     
empires1 ( ! :i* !re 0 nev] none yet 9  
any nation1 b x 0 gott5 ) ! great %$d+ (
 man's blood4 ,& s9ce t "t !re ha?      
foll[$ cont9ual c\rse ( w>1 :ile "o     
eftsoons lab\re? to put ano!r out ( 8   
empire1 & to set himself 94 ,aft] all   
?is1 :5 ! empires came once into _! h&s 
t 7 mo/ ungraci\s ( all o!r1 !y made w> 
^u :osoev] pleas$ !m2 nor 7 !y n 9      
greate/ p]il & dang] ( w> t _h mo/      
des]v$ to be puni%$1 b !y t by =tune _h 
gott5 great ri*es4 ,& n[ !y made n w> to
 get praise & fame1 b to get ! vile muck
 ( ! _w1 or else "s o!r ?+ f> worse ?an 
t4  ,i ?9k n ! contr>y1 b t ! great1    
wise man ,py?agoras meant ^! ?+s :5 he  
by a prop] device ( philosophy fright5$ 
! unle>n$ multitude ( p f ! slay+ (     
silly bea/s4 ,= he p]ceiv$1 x %\ld at   
l5g? come to pass1 t he :i* 7by no      
injury provok$7 0 accu/om$ to spill !   
blood ( a h>mless bea/1 w\ld 9 8 ang]1  
be+ provok$ by injury1 n fe> to slay a  
man4  ,w>1 :at o!r ?+ else is x ?an a   

common manslaught] ( _m m5 toge!r1 & a  
robb]y1 ! :i*1 ! f>!r x sprawle? abroad1
 ! m mis*iev\s x is8 ,b _m gross g5tlem5
 n[adays laugh m]rily at ^! ?+s1 z ?\gh 
!y 7 ! dreams & dot+s ( s*oolm51 ! :i*1 
sav+ ! %ape1 h no po9t ( manhood1 yet   
seem !y 9 _! own conceit to be gods4 ,& 
yet ( ^? beg9n+s1 we see we be run s f> 
9 madness1 t we d naught else all our   
life-days4 ,we w> cont9ually1 city )    
city1 pr9ce ) pr9ce1 p ) p1 yea1 & 7x t 
! hea!n p confess to be a wick$ ?+7 c\s9
 ) c\s91 alliance ) alliance1 bro!r )   
bro!r1 ! son ) ! fa!r1 yea1 & t ,i e/eem
 m cruel ?an all ^! ?+s1 a ,*ri/ian man 
aga9/ ano!r man2 & yet fur!rmore1 ,i w  
say t ,i am v loa? to d1 :i* is a ?+ mo/
 cruel ( all1 "o ,*ri/ian man ) ano!r   
,*ri/ian man4 ,oh1 bl9dness ( man's m9d6
 at ^? ?+s no man m>velle?1 no man      
abhorre? !m4 ,!re be "s t rejoice at !m1
 & praise !m above ! moon3 & ! ?+ :i* is
 m ?an devili%1 !y call a holy ?+4 ,old 
m51 crook$ = age1 make w>1 prie/s make  
w>1 monks g =? to w>2 yea1 & ) a ?+ s   

devili% we m+le ,*ri/4 ,! battles rang$1
 !y enc\nt] ! "o ! o!r1 be>+ be=e !m !  
sign ( ! ,cross1 :i* ?+ alone might at !
 lea/wise admoni% u by :at means x %\ld 
become ,*ri/ian m5 to ov]come4  ,b we   
run headlong ea* to de/roy o!r1 ev5 f t 
heav5ly sacrifice ( ! alt>1 :]eby is    
repres5t$ t p]fect & ineffable knitt+   
toge!r ( all ,*ri/ian m54 ,& ( s wick$ a
 ?+1 we make ,*ri/ bo? au?or & witness4 
,:]e is ! k+dom ( ! devil1 if x be n 9  
w>8 ,:y draw we ,*ri/ into w>1 ) :om a  
bro!l-h\se agree? m ?an w>8 ,sa9t ,paul 
disda9e?1 t !re %\ld be any s great     
discord among ,*ri/ian m51 t !y %\ld ne$
 any judge to discuss ! matt] betwe5 !m4
 ,:at if he %\ld come & behold u n[     
?r\gh all ! _w1 w>r+ = e light & trifl+ 
cause1 /riv+ m cruelly ?an ev] did any  
hea!n p1 & m cruelly ?an any b>b>\s p8  
,yea1 & ye %all see x done by !         
au?ority1 exhortations1 & fur!r+s ( ^? t
 repres5t ,*ri/1 ! pr9ce ( peace & v    
bi%op t all ?+s knitte? toge!r by peace 
& ( ^? t salute ! p ) good luck ( peace4

 ,nor is x n unkn[n to me :at ^! unle>n$
 p say 7a good :ile s9ce7 aga9/ me 9 ?is
 matt]1 ^: w9n+s arise ( ! common evils4
 ,!y say ?us3 ,we make w> aga9/ our     
wills3 = we be con/ra9$ by ! ungraci\s  
de$s ( o!r4 ,we make w> b = our "r4 ,&  
if !re come any hurt !re(1 ?ank !m t be 
caus]s ( x4 ,b let ^! m5 hold _! tongues
 a:ile1 & ,i %all aft]1 9 place         
conv5i5t1 avoid all _! cavillations1 &  
pluck (f t false visor :]e) we hide all 
our malice4  ,b fir/ z ,i h above comp>$
 man ) w>1 t is to say1 ! creature mo/  
demure ) a ?+ mo/ outrage\s1 to ! int5t 
t cruelty might ! bett] be p]ceiv$3 s w 
,i comp>e w> & peace toge!r1 ! ?+ mo/   
wret*$1 & mo/ mis*iev\s1 ) ! be/ & mo/  
weal?y ?+ t is4 ,& s at la/ %all appe>1 
h[ great madness x is1 ) s great tumult1
 ) s great lab\rs1 ) su* intol]able     
exp5ses1 ) s _m calamities1             
affectionately to desire w>3 :]eas      
agreem5t might be b\ght ) a f> less     
price4  ,fir/ ( all1 :at 9 all ?is _w is
 m sweet or bett] ?an amity or love8    

,truly no?+4 ,& ,i pray y1 :at o!r ?+ is
 peace ?an amity & love among m51 l z w>
 on ! o!r side is naught else b         
diss5sion & debate ( _m m5 toge!r8 ,&   
surely ! prop]ty ( good ?+s is su*1 t ! 
broad] !y be spread1 ! m pr(it &        
commodity come? ( !m4 ,f>!r1 if ! love (
 "o s+ul> p]son ) ano!r be s sweet &    
delectable1 h[ great %\ld ! felicity be 
if realm ) realm1 & nation ) nation1 7  
c\pl$ toge!r1 ) ! b& ( amity & love8 ,on
 ! o!r side1 ! nature ( evil ?+s is su*1
 t ! f>!r !y sprawl abroad1 ! m wor?y !y
 are to be call$ evil1 z !y be inde$4   
,!n if x be a wret*$ ?+1 if x be an     
ungraci\s ?+1 t "o man arm$ %\ld fight )
 ano!r1 h[ mu* m mis]able1 h[ mu* m     
mis*iev\s is x1 t ! selfsame ?+ %\ld be 
done ) s _m ?\s&s toge!r8 ,by love &    
peace ! small ?+s increase & wax great1 
by discord & debate ! great ?+s decay & 
come to naught4 ,peace is ! "m & nurse (
 all good ?+s4 ,w> sudd5ly & at once    
ov]?r[e?1 de/roye?1 & utt]ly =doe?      
ev]y?+ t is pleasant & fair1 & br+e? 9  

among m5 a mon/] ( all mis*iev\s ?+s4   
,9 ! "t ( peace 7none o!rwise ?an z if !
 lu/y spr+time %\ld %[ & %9e 9 m5's     
bus9esses7 ! fields are till$1 ! g>d5s &
 or*>ds fre%ly fl\ri%1 ! bea/s pa/ure   
m]rily2 gay man\rs 9 ! c\ntry are       
edifi$1 ! t[ns are build$1 :]e z ne$ is 
rep>ations are done1 ! build+s are      
height5$ & augm5t$1 ri*es increase1     
pleasures are n\ri%$1 ! laws are        
execut$1 ! common weal? fl\ri%e?1       
religion is f]v5t1 "r reigne?1 g5tl5ess 
is us$1 craftsm5 are busily ex]cis$1 !  
poor m5's ga9 is m pl5tiful1 ! weal?9ess
 ( ! ri* m5 is m gay & goodly1 ! /udies 
( mo/ hone/ le>n+s fl\ri%1 y\? is well  
taught1 ! ag$ folks h quiet & re/1      
maid5s are luckily m>ri$1 mo!rs are     
prais$ = br++ =? ( *ildr5 l to _!       
prog5itors1 ! good m5 prosp] & d well1 &
 ! evil m5 d less (f5ce4  ,b z soon z ! 
cruel tempe/ ( w> come? on u1 good ,"l1 
h[ great a flood ( mis*iefs occupie?1   
ov]fl[e?1 & dr[ne? all toge!r4 ,! fair  
h]ds ( bea/s are driv5 away1 ! goodly   

corn is trodd5 d[n & de/roy$1 ! good    
husb&m5 are sla91 ! villages are burn$  
up1 ! mo/ weal?y cities1 t h fl\ri%$ s  
_m w9t]s1 ) t "o /orm are ov]?r[n1      
de/roy$1 & br\ght to naught3 s mu*      
readi] & prompt] m5 are to d hurt ?an   
good4 ,! good citiz5s are robb$ & spoil$
 ( _! goods by curs$ ?ieves & murd]]s4  
,e place is full ( fe>1 ( wail+1        
compla9+1 & lam5t+4 ,! craftsm5 /& idle2
 ! poor m5 mu/ ei!r die = hung]1 or fall
 to /eal+4 ,! ri* m5 ei!r /& & sorr[ =  
_! goods1 t be pluck$ & snat*$ f !m1 or 
else !y /& 9 great d\bt to lose su*     
goods z !y h left !m3 s t !y be on e    
side woebegone4 ,! maid5s1 ei!r !y be n 
m>ri$ at all1 or else if !y be m>ri$1 _!
 m>riages are sorr[ful & lam5table4     
,wives1 be+ de/itute ( _! husb&s1 lie at
 home )\t any fruit ( *ildr51 ! laws are
 laid aside1 g5tl5ess is laugh$ to      
scorn1 "r is clean exil$1 religion is   
set at naught1 hall[$ & unhall[$ ?+s all
 are "o1 y\? is corrupt$ ) all mann] (  
vices1 ! old folk wail & weep1 & wi%    

!mselves out ( ! _w1 !re is no hon\r    
giv5 unto ! /udy ( good lett]s4 ,f9ally1
 !re is no tongue c tell ! h>m & mis*ief
 t we feel 9 w>4  ,p]*ance w> might be !
 bett] suff]$1 if x made u b only wret*$
 & ne$y2 b x make? u ungraci\s1 & also  
full ( unhapp9ess4 ,& ,i ?9k ,peace     
likewise %\ld be mu* made (1 if x 7 b   
only because x make? u m weal?y & bett] 
9 our liv+4 ,alas1 !re be too _m        
already1 yea1 & m ?an too _m mis*iefs & 
evils1 ) ! :i* ! wret*$ life ( man 7:e!r
 he w or no7 is cont9ually vex$1        
torm5t$1 & utt]ly consum$4  ,x is ne> h&
 two ?\s& ye>s s9ce ! physicians _h k ( 
?ree hundr$ div]s notable sicknesses by 
"n1 besides o!r small sicknesses & new1 
z daily spr+ among u1 & besides age     
also1 :i* is ( itself a sickness        
inevitable4  ,we read t 9 "o place :ole 
cities h be5 de/roy$ ) e>?quakes4 ,we   
read1 also1 t 9 ano!r place !re h be5   
cities altoge!r burnt ) lightn+2 h[ 9   
ano!r place :ole regions h be5 swall[$  
up ) op5+ ( ! e>?1 t[ns by und]m9+ h    

fall5 to ! gr\nd2 s t ,i ne$ n "h to    
rememb] :at a great multitude ( m5 are  
daily de/roy$ by div]s *ances1 :i* be n 
reg>d$ because !y happ5 s (t53 z sudd5  
break+ out ( ! sea & ( great floods1    
fall+ d[n ( hills & h\ses1 poison1 wild 
bea/s1 meat1 dr9k1 & sleep4 ,"o ha? be5 
/rangl$ ) dr9k+ ( a hair 9 a draught (  
milk1 ano!r ha? be5 *ok$ ) a little     
grape/one1 ano!r ) a fi%bone /ick+ 9 8  
?roat4 ,!re ha? be51 t sudd5 joy ha?    
kill$ out ( h&3 = x is less wond] ( !m t
 die = vehem5t sorr[4 ,besides all ?is1 
:at mortal pe/il5ce see we 9 e place4   
,!re is no "p ( ! _w1 t is n subject to 
p]il & dang] ( man's life1 :i* life (   
itself also is mo/ fugitive4 ,s manifold
 mis*ances & evils assail man on e side 
t n )\t cause ,hom] did say3 ,man 0 !   
mo/ wret*$ ( all creatures liv+4  ,b    
=asmu* ^! mis*ances _c lightly be       
es*ew$1 nor !y happ5 n ?r\gh our fault1 
!y make u b only wret*$1 & n ungraci\s  
)al4 ,:at pleasure is x !n = !m t be    
subject already to s _m mis]able *ances1

 will+ly to seek & procure !mselves     
ano!r mis*ief m ?an !y _h be=e1 z ?\gh  
!y yet want$ mis]y8 ,yea1 !y procure n a
 light evil1 b su* an evil t is worse   
?an all ! o!rs1 s mis*iev\s1 t x alone  
passe? all ! o!rs2 s abundant1 t 9      
itself alone is compreh5d$ all          
ungraci\sness2 s pe/il5t1 t x make? u   
all alike wick$ z wret*$1 x make? u full
 ( all mis]y1 & yet n wor?y to be piti$4
  ,n[ g f>!r1 & ) all ^! ?+s consid]1 t 
! commodities ( ,peace spread !mselves  
mo/ f> & wide1 & p]ta9 unto _m m54 ,9 w>
 if !re happ5 any?+ luckily 7b1 ,o good 
,"l1 :at may we say happ5e? well &      
luckily 9 w>871 x p]ta9e? to v few1 & to
 !m t are unwor?y to h x4 ,! prosp]ity (
 "o is ! de/ruction ( ano!r4 ,! enri*+ (
 "o is ! spoil & robb+ ( ano!r4 ,!      
triumph ( "o is ! lam5table m\rn+ (     
ano!r1 s t z ! infelicity is bitt] &    
%>p1 ! felicity is cruel & bloody4      
,h[beit o!r:ile bo? p>ties wept accord+ 
to ! prov]b1 ,victoria ,cadmaea1 ,cadmus
 victorie1 :]e bo? p>ties rep5t$4 ,& ,i 

wot n :e!r x came ev] s happily to pass 
9 w>1 t he t _h victory did n rep5t him 
( 8 ent]prise1 if he 7 a good man4  ,!n 
see+ ,peace is ! ?+ above all o!r mo/   
be/ & mo/ pleasant1 &1 contr>iwise1 w> !
 ?+ mo/ ungraci\s & wret*$ ( all o!r1   
%all we ?9k ^? m5 to be 9 _! "r m9ds1 ! 
:i* :5 !y may obta9 ,peace ) little     
bus9ess & lab\r w r procure w> ) s great
 lab\r & mo/ difficulty8  ,fir/ ( all   
consid]1 h[ loa?ly a ?+ ! rum\r ( w> is1
 :5 x is fir/ spok5 (4 ,!n h[ envi\s a  
?+ x is unto a pr9ce1 :ile ) (t5 ti!s & 
taxes he pillage? 8 subjects4 ,:at a    
bus9ess ha? he to make & ent]ta9 fri5ds 
to help him8 :at a bus9ess to procure   
b&s ( /rang]s & to hire soldi]s8  ,:at  
exp5ses & lab\rs mu/ he make 9 sett+ =? 
8 navy ( %ips1 9 build+ & repair+ (     
ca/les & =tresses1 9 prep>+ & app>ell+ (
 8 t5ts & pavilions1 9 fram+1 mak+1 &   
c>ry+ ( eng9es1 guns1 arm\r1 weapons1   
baggage1 c>ts1 & victual8 ,:at great    
lab\r is sp5t 9 mak+ ( bulw>ks1 9 ca/+ (
 dit*es1 9 digg+ ( m9es1 9 keep+ (      

wat*es1 9 keep+ ( arrays1 & 9 ex]cis+ ( 
weapons8 ,i pass ov] ! fe> !y be 92 ,i  
speak n ( ! imm95t dang] & p]il t hange?
 ov] _! heads3 = :at ?+ 9 w> is n to be 
fe>$8 ,:at is he t c reckon all !       
incommodi\s life t ! mo/ fooli% soldi]s 
suff] 9 ! field8 ,& = t wor?y to endure 
worse1 9 t !y w suff] x will+ly4 ,_!    
meat is s ill t an ox ( ,cyprus w\ld be 
loa? to eat x2 !y h b little sleep1 nor 
yet t at _! own pleasure4 ,_! t5ts on e 
side are op5 on ! w9d4 ,:at1 a t5t8 ,no1
 no2 !y mu/ all ! day long1 be x hot or 
cold1 wet or dry1 /& 9 ! op5 air1 sleep 
on ! b>e gr\nd1 /& 9 _! h>ness4 ,!y mu/ 
suff] hung]1 ?ir/1 cold1 heat1 du/1     
%[]s2 !y mu/ be ob$i5t to _! capta9s2   
sometimes !y be clapp$ on ! pate ) a    
w>d] or a trun*eon3 s t !re is no       
bondage s vile z ! bondage ( soldi]s4   
,besides all ?is1 at ! sorr[ful sign    
giv5 to fight1 !y mu/ run headlong to   
dea?3 = ei!r !y mu/ slay cruelly1 or be 
sla9 wret*$ly4 ,s _m sorr[ful lab\rs mu/
 !y take 9 h&1 t !y may br+ to pass t ?+

 :i* is mo/ wret*$ ( all o!r4 ,) s _m   
great mis]ies we mu/ fir/ afflict &     
grieve our own self1 t we may afflict & 
grieve o!r6  ,n[ if we w\ld call ?is    
matt] to acc\nt1 & ju/ly reckon h[ mu*  
w> w co/1 & h[ mu* peace1 surely we %all
 f9d t peace may be got & obta9$ ) ! t5?
 "p ( ! c>es1 lab\rs1 griefs1 p]ils1    
exp5ses1 & spill+ ( blood1 ) :i* ! w> is
 procur$4 ,s great a company ( m51 to _!
 extreme p]ils1 ye lead out ( ! realm to
 ov]?r[ & de/roy "s "o t[n3 & ) ! lab\r 
( ! selfsame m51 & )\t any p]il at all1 
ano!r t[n1 mu* m noble & goodly1 might  
be new edifi$ & build$4 ,b y say1 y w   
hurt & grieve y\r enemy3 s ev5 t do+ is 
aga9/ humanity4 ,nev]!less1 ?is ,i w\ld 
ye %\ld consid]1 t ye _c hurt & grieve  
y\r enemies1 b ye mu/ fir/ greatly hurt 
y\r own p4 ,& x seeme? a po9t ( a       
madman1 to ent]prise :]e he is sure &   
c]ta9 ( s great hurt & damage1 & is     
unc]ta9 :i* way ! *ance ( w> w turn4  ,b
 admit1 t ei!r fooli%ness1 or wra?1 or  
ambition1 or covet\sness1 or outrage\s  

cruelty1 or else 7:i* ,i ?9k m l7 !     
furies s5t f hell1 %\ld ravi% & draw !  
hea!n p to ?is madness4 ,yet f :5ce     
come? x into our m9ds1 t "o ,*ri/ian man
 %\ld draw 8 weapon to ba! x 9 ano!r    
,*ri/ian man's blood8 ,x is call$       
p>ricide1 if ! "o bro!r slay ! o!r4 ,&  
yet is a ,*ri/ian man ne>] jo9$ to ano!r
 ?an is "o bro!r to ano!r3 except !     
bonds ( nature be /rong] ?an ! bonds (  
,*ri/4 ,:at abom9able ?+1 !n1 is x to   
see !m almo/ cont9ually fight+ among    
!mselves1 ! :i* are ! inhabitants ( "o  
h\se ! ,*ur*1 :i* rejoice & say1 t !y   
all be ! memb]s ( "o body1 & t h "o     
head1 :i* truly is ,*ri/2 !y h all "o   
,fa!r 9 heav52 !y are all taught &      
com=t$ by "o ,holy ,_s2 !y pr(ess !     
religion ( ,*ri/ all "u "o mann]2 !y are
 all r$eem$ ) ,*ri/'s blood2 !y are all 
newborn at ! holy font2 !y use alike    
sacram5ts2 !y be all soldi]s "u "o      
capta92 !y are all f$ ) "o heav5ly      
bread2 !y dr9k all ( "o spiritual cup2  
!y h "o common enemy ! devil2 f9ally1 !y

 be all call$ to "o inh]itance4 ,:]e be 
!y s _m sacram5ts ( p]fect concord8 ,:]e
 be ! innum]able tea*+s ( peace8 ,!re is
 "o special precept1 :i* ,*ri/ call$ 81 
t is1 ,*>ity4 ,& :at ?+ is s repugnant  
to *>ity z w>8 ,*ri/ salut$ 8 disciples 
) ! bless$ luck ( peace4 ,unto 8        
disciples he gave no?+ save peace1 sav+ 
peace he left !m no?+4 ,9 ^? holy       
pray]s1 he specially pray$ ! ,fa!r (    
heav51 t 9 l mann] z he 0 "o ) ! ,fa!r1 
s all 81 t is to say1 ,*ri/ian m51 %\ld 
be "o ) him4 ,lo1 "h y may p]ceive a ?+ 
m ?an peace1 m ?an amity1 m ?an concord4
  ,solomon b>e ! figure ( ,*ri/3 =      
,solomon 9 ! ,hebrew tongue signifie?   
peaceable or peaceful4 ,him ,god w\ld h 
to build 8 temple4 ,at ! bir? ( ,*ri/ ! 
angels proclaim$ nei!r w> nor triumphs1 
b peace !y sang4 ,& be=e 8 bir? !       
prophet ,david prophesi$ ?us ( him3 ,et 
factus e/ 9 pace locus ejus1 t is to    
say1 ,8 dwell+ place is made 9 peace4   
,se>* all ! :ole life ( ,*ri/1 & ye %all
 nev] f9d ?+ t brea!s n ( peace1 t      

signifie? n amity1 t sav\re? n ( *>ity4 
,& because he p]ceiv$ peace c\ld n well 
be kept1 except m5 w\ld utt]ly despise  
all ^? ?+s = :i* ! _w s gre$ily fighte?1
 he comm&$ t we %\ld ( him le>n to be   
meek4 ,he calle? !m bless$ & happy t    
sette? naught by ri*es1 = ^? he calle?  
poor 9 _s4 ,bless$ be !y t despise !    
pleasures ( ?is _w1 ! :i* he calle?     
m\rn]s4 ,& !m bless$ he calle? t        
pati5tly suff] !mselves1 to be put out (
 _! possessions1 kn[+ t "h 9 ?is _w !y  
are b z outlaws2 & ! v true c\ntry &    
possession ( godly creatures is 9 heav54
 ,he calle? !m bless$ :i*1 des]v+ well (
 all m51 are wrongfully blam$ & ill     
afflict$4 ,he =bade t any man %\ld resi/
 evil4 ,briefly1 z all 8 doctr9e comm&e?
 suff]ance & love1 s all 8 life tea*e?  
no?+ else b meekness4 ,s he reign$1 s he
 w>r$1 s he ov]came1 s he triumph$4  ,n[
 ! apo/les1 t _h suck$ into !m ! pure _s
 ( ,*ri/1 & 7 bless$ly drunk ) t new mu/
 ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 prea*$ no?+ b meekness
 & peace4 ,:at d all ! epi/les ( ,paul  

s\nd 9 e place b peace1 b long-suff]+1 b
 *>ity8 ,:at speake? ,sa9t ,john1 :at   
rehe>se? he s (t1 b love8 ,:at o!r ?+   
did ,pet]8 ,:at o!r ?+ did all ! true   
,*ri/ian writ]s8 ,f :5ce !n come? all   
?is tumult ( w>s among/ ! *ildr5 (      
peace8 ,?9k ye x a fable1 t ,*ri/ calle?
 himself a v9e tree1 & 8 own ! bran*es8 
,:o did ev] see "o bran* fight ) ano!r8 
,is x 9 va9 t ,paul s (t wrote1 ,! ,*ur*
 to be none o!r ?+1 ?an "o body compact 
toge!r ( div]s memb]s1 cleav+ to "o     
head1 ,*ri/8 ,:oev] saw ! eye fight ) ! 
h&1 or ! belly ) ! foot8 ,9 ?is univ]sal
 body1 compact ( all ^? unlike ?+s1 !re 
is agreem5t4 ,9 ! body ( a bea/1 "o     
memb] is 9 peace ) ano!r1 & ea* memb]   
use? n ! prop]ty !reto giv5 = itself    
alone1 b = ! pr(it ( all ! o!r memb]s4  
,s t if !re come any good to any "o     
memb] alone1 x helpe? all ! :ole body4  
,& may ! compaction or knitt+ ( ,nature 
d m 9 ! body ( a bea/1 t %ortly mu/     
p]i%1 ?an ! c\pl+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 !   
my/ical & immortal body ( ! ,*ur*8 ,d we

 to no purpose pray z taught by ,*ri/3  
,good ,"l1 ev5 z ?y w is fulfill$ 9     
heav51 s let x be fulfill$ 9 ! e>?8 ,9 t
 city ( heav5 is concord & peace mo/    
p]fect4 ,& ,*ri/ w\ld h 8 ,*ur* to be   
none o!r ?an a heav5ly p 9 e>?1 z ne> z 
might be aft] ! mann] ( !m t are 9      
heav51 ev] lab\r+ & mak+ ha/e to g ?i!r1
 & always hav+ _! m9d !reon4  ,n[ g to1 
let u imag9e1 t !re %\ld come "s new    
gue/ out ( ! lun> cities1 :]e ,emp$ocles
 dwelle?1 or else out ( ! innum]able    
worlds1 t ,democritus fabricat$1 into   
?is _w1 desir+ to "k :at ! inhabitants d
 "h4 ,& :5 he 0 in/ruct$ ( ev]y?+1 x    
%\ld at la/ be told him t1 besides all  
o!r1 !re is "o creature m>vell\sly m+l$1
 ( body l to brute bea/s & ( s\l l unto 
,god4 ,& x %\ld also be told him1 t ?is 
creature is s noble1 t ?\gh he be "h an 
outlaw out ( 8 own c\ntry1 yet are all  
o!r bea/s at 8 comm&m5t1 ! :i* creature 
?r\gh 8 heav5ly beg9n+ incl9e? alway to 
?+s heav5ly & immortal4 ,& t ,god et]nal
 lov$ ?is creature s well1 t :]eas he   

c\ld nei!r by ! gifts ( nature1 nor by !
 /rong reasons ( philosophy atta9 unto t
 :i* he s f]v5tly desir$1 he s5t hi!r 8 
only begott5 son1 to ! int5t to tea* ?is
 creature a new k9d ( le>n+4 ,!n z soon 
z ?is new gue/ _h p]ceiv$ well ! :ole   
mann] ( ,*ri/'s life & precepts1 w\ld   
desire to /& 9 "s high place1 f :5ce he 
might behold t :i* he _h he>d4 ,& :5 he 
%\ld see all o!r creatures sob]ly live  
accord+ to _! k9d1 &1 be+ l$ by ! laws &
 c\rse ( nature1 desire no?+ b ev5 z    
,nature w\ld2 & %\ld see ?is "o special 
creature man giv5 riot\sly to tav]n     
haunt+1 to vile lucre1 to buy+ & sell+1 
*opp+ & *ang+1 to brawl+ & fight+ "o )  
ano!r1 tr[ ye t he w\ld n ?9k t any ( ! 
o!r creatures 7 man1 ( :om he he>d s mu*
 ( be=e1 r ?an he t is inde$ man8 ,!n if
 he t _h in/ruct$ him a=e w\ld %[ him   
:i* creature is man1 n[ w\ld he look    
ab\t to see if he c\ld spy ! ,*ri/ian   
flock & company1 ! :i*1 foll[+ !        
ord9ance ( t heav5ly tea*] ,*ri/1 %\ld  
exhibit to him a figure or %ape ( !     

evangelical city4 ,?9k ye he w\ld n r   
judge ,*ri/ians to dwell 9 any o!r place
 ?an 9 ^? c\ntries1 :]e9 we see s great 
sup]fluity1 riot1 voluptu\sness1 pride1 
tyranny1 discord1 brawl+s1 fight+s1 w>s1
 tumults1 yea1 & briefly to speak1 a    
great] puddle ( all ^? ?+s t ,*ri/      
reprove? ?an among ,turks or ,s>ac5s8 ,f
 :5ce1 !n1 creepe? ?is pe/il5ce 9 among 
,*ri/ian p8 ,d\btless ?is mis*ief also  
is come 9 by little & little1 l z _m m  
o!r be1 ere m5 be aw>e ( !m4 ,= truly e 
mis*ief creepe? by little & little ^u ! 
good mann]s ( m51 or else "u ! col\r (  
goodness x is sudd5ly receiv$4  ,s !n   
fir/ ( all1 le>n+ & cunn+ crept 9 z a ?+
 v meet to conf\nd h]etics1 :i* def5d _!
 op9ions ) ! doctr9e ( philosoph]s1     
poets1 & orators4 ,& surely at ! beg9n+ 
( our fai?1 ,*ri/ian m5 did n le>n ^?   
?+s2 b su* z p]adv5ture _h le>n$ !m1    
be=e !y knew :at ,*ri/ meant1 !y turn$ !
 ?+ t !y _h le>n$ already1 into good    
use4  ,eloqu5ce ( tongue 0 at ! beg9n+  
dissembl$ m ?an despis$1 b at l5g? x 0  

op5ly approv$4 ,aft] t1 "u col\r (      
conf\nd+ h]etics1 came 9 an ambiti\s    
pleasure ( brawl+ disputations1 :i* ha? 
br\ght into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ no small    
mis*ief4 ,at l5g? ! matt] w5t s f>=? t  
,ari/otle 0 altoge!r receiv$ into !     
middle ( div9ity1 & s receiv$1 t 8      
au?ority is almo/ reput$ holi] ?an !    
au?ority ( ,*ri/4 ,= if ,*ri/ spake     
any?+ t did little agree ) our life1 by 
int]pretation ( ,ari/otle x 0 lawful to 
make x s]ve _! purpose4 ,b if any d nev]
 s little repugn aga9/ ! high div9ity ( 
,ari/otle1 he is quickly ) clapp+ ( h&s 
driv5 out ( ! place4 ,= ( him we h      
le>n$1 t ! felicity ( man is imp]fect1  
except he h bo? ! good gifts ( body & ( 
=tune4 ,( him we h le>n$1 t no          
commonweal may fl\ri%1 9 :i* all ?+s are
 common4 ,& we endeav\r ourselves to    
glue fa/ toge!r ! decrees ( ?is man & ! 
doctr9e ( ,*ri/--:i* is z likely a ?+ z 
to m+le fire & wat] toge!r4 ,& a gobbet 
we h receiv$ ( ! civil laws1 because ( !
 equity t seeme? to be 9 !m4 ,& to ! end

 !y %\ld ! bett] s]ve our purpose1 we h1
 z ne> z may be1 wri!d & pli$ ! doctr9e 
( ! gospel to !m4 ,n[ by ! civil law x  
is lawful = a man to def5d viol5ce )    
viol5ce1 & ea* to pursue = 8 "r4 ,^?    
laws approve buy+ & sell+2 !y all[      
usury1 s x be measurable2 !y praise w> z
 a noble ?+1 s1 x be j4 ,f9ally all !   
doctr9e ( ,*ri/ is s defil$ ) ! le>n+ ( 
logicians1 sophi/]s1 a/ronom]s1 orators1
 poets1 philosoph]s1 lawy]s1 & g5tles1 t
 a man %all sp5d ! mo/ "p ( 8 life1 ere 
he may h any leisure to se>* holy       
scripture1 to ! :i* :5 a man at la/     
come?1 he mu/ come infect$ ) s _m       
worldly op9ions1 t ei!r he mu/ be (f5d$ 
) ,*ri/'s doctr9es1 or else he mu/ apply
 !m to ! m9d & ( !m t he ha? le>n$ be=e4
 ,& ?is ?+ is s mu* approv$1 t x is n[ a
 he9\s de$1 if a man presume to /udy    
holy scripture1 :i* ha? n buri$ himself 
up to ! h>d e>s 9 ^? trifles1 or r      
sophi/ries ( ,ari/otle4 ,z ?\gh ,*ri/'s 
doctr9e 7 su*1 t x 7 n lawful = all m5  
to "k x1 or else t x c\ld by any means  

agree ) ! wisdom ( philosoph]s4 ,besides
 ?is we admitt$ at ! beg9n+ ( our fai?  
"s hon\r1 :i* aft]w>d we claim$ z (     
duty4 ,!n we receiv$ ri*es1 b t 0 to    
di/ribute to relieve poor m51 :i*       
aft]w>ds we turn$ to our own use4 ,& :y 
n1 s9ce we h le>n$ by ! law civil1 t ! v
 ord] ( *>ity is1 t e man mu/ fir/      
provide = himself8 ,nor lack !re col\rs 
to cloak ?is mis*ief3 fir/ x is a good  
de$ to provide = our *ildr51 & x is "r t
 we =esee h[ to live 9 age2 f9ally1 :y  
%\ld we1 say !y1 give our goods away1 if
 we come by !m )\t fraud8 ,by ^! degrees
 x is by little & little come to pass1 t
 he is tak5 = ! be/ man t ha? mo/ ri*es3
 nor nev] 0 !re m hon\r giv5 to ri*es   
among ! hea!n p1 ?an is at ?is day among
 ! ,*ri/ian p4 ,= :at ?+ is !re1 ei!r   
spiritual or temporal1 t is n done )    
great %[ ( ri*es8 ,& x seem$ a ?+       
agreeable ) ^? ornam5ts1 if ,*ri/ian m5 
_h "s great jurisdiction "u !m4 ,nor !re
 want$ n su* z gladly submitt$ !mselves4
 ,albeit at ! beg9n+ x 0 aga9/ _! wills1

 & scantly w\ld !y receive x4 ,& yet )  
mu* "w1 !y receiv$ x s1 t !y 7 cont5t ) 
! "n & title only3 ! pr(it !re( !y      
gladly gave unto o!r m54 ,at ! la/1     
little by little x came to pass1 t a    
bi%op ?\ght himself no bi%op1 except he 
_h "s temporal lord%ip )al2 an abbot    
?\ght himself ( small au?ority1 if he _h
 n :]e) to play ! lordly sire4 ,& 9     
conclusion1 we blu%$ nev] a deal at !   
matt]1 we wip$ away all %amefa/ness1 &  
%ov$ aside all ! b>s ( comel9ess4 ,&    
:atev] abuse 0 us$ among ! hea!n p1 7 x 
covet\sness1 ambition1 riot1 pomp1 or   
pride1 or tyranny1 ! same we foll[1 9 ! 
same we mat* !m1 yea1 & f> pass !m4 ,&  
to pass ov] ! light] ?+s = ! :ile1 ,i   
pray y1 0 !re ev] w> among ! hea!n p s  
long cont9ually1 or m cruelly1 ?an among
 ,*ri/ian p8 ,:at /ormy rumbl+s1 :at    
viol5t brays ( w>1 :at te>+ ( leagues1 &
 :at pite\s slaught]s ( m5 h we se5     
ourselves )9 ^! few ye>s8 ,:at nation   
ha? n f\ght & skirmi%$ ) ano!r8 ,& !n we
 g & curse ! ,turk2 & :at c be a m      

pleasant sight to ! ,turks1 ?an to      
behold u daily ea* slay+ o!r8  ,x]xes   
dot$1 :5 he l$ out ( 8 own c\ntry t huge
 multitude ( p to make w> ^u ! ,greeks4 
,tr[ ye1 0 he n mad1 :5 he wrote lett]s 
to ! m\nta9 call$ ,a?os1 ?reat5+ t !    
hill %\ld rep5t except x obey$ 8 lu/8 ,&
 ! same ,x]xes comm&$ also ! sea to be  
beat51 because x 0 some:at r\gh :5 he   
%\ld h sail$ ov]4  ,:o w d5y b ,alex&] !
 ,great 0 mad also8 ,he1 ! "y god1 wi%$ 
t !re 7 _m worlds1 ! :i* he might       
conqu]--s great a fev] ( va+lory _h     
embrac$ 8 "y lu/y c\rage4 ,& yet ^! same
 m51 ! :i* ,s5eca d\bt$ n to call mad   
?ieves1 w>r$ aft] a g5tl] fa%ion ?an we 
d2 !y 7 m fai?ful ( _! promise 9 w>1 nor
 !y us$ n s mis*iev\s eng9es 9 w>1 nor  
su* crafts & subtleties1 nor !y w>r$ n =
 s light causes z we ,*ri/ian m5 d4 ,!y 
rejoic$ to advance & enri* su* prov9ces 
z !y _h conqu]$ by w>2 & ! rude p1 t    
liv$ l wild bea/s )\t laws1 le>n+1 or   
good mann]s1 !y taught !m bo? civil     
conditions & crafts1 :]eby !y might live

 l m54 ,9 c\ntries t 7 n inhabit$ ) p1  
!y build$ cities1 & made !m bo? fair &  
pr(itable4 ,& ! places t 7 n v sure1 !y 
f5c$1 = safegu>d ( ! p1 ) bridges1      
banks1 bulw>ks2 & ) a ?\s& o!r su*      
commodities !y help$ ! life ( man4 ,s t 
!n x 0 "r exp$i5t to be ov]come4 ,yea1 &
 h[ _m ?+s read we1 t 7 ei!r wisely     
done1 or sob]ly spok5 ( !m 9 ! mid/ ( _!
 w>s4 ,z = ^? ?+s t are done 9 ,*ri/ian 
m5's w>s !y are m fil?y & cruel ?an is  
conv5i5t "h to rehe>se4 ,moreov]1 look  
:at 0 wor/ 9 ! hea!n peoples' w>s1 9 t  
we foll[ !m1 yea1 we pass !m4  ,b n[ x  
is wor? :ile to he>1 by :at means we    
ma9ta9 ?is our s great madness4 ,?us !y 
reason3 ,if x _h n be5 lawful by no     
means to make w>1 surely ,god w\ld nev] 
h be5 ! au?or to ! ,jews to make w>     
aga9/ _! enemies4 ,well said1 b we mu/  
add h]eunto1 t ! ,jews nev] made w>     
among !mselves1 b aga9/ /rang]s & wick$ 
m54 ,we1 ,*ri/ian m51 fight ) ,*ri/ian  
m54 ,div]sity ( religion caus$ ! ,jews  
to fight aga9/ _! enemies3 = _! enemies 

wor%ipp$ n ,god z !y did4 ,we make w>   
(t5times = a little *ildi% ang]1 or =   
hung] ( money1 or = ?ir/ ( glory1 or    
else = fil?y me$4 ,! ,jews f\ght by !   
comm&m5t ( ,god2 we make w> to av5ge !  
grief & displeasure ( our m9d4 ,&       
nev]!less if m5 w s mu* lean to !       
example ( ! ,jews1 :y d we n !n 9 l     
mann] use circumcision8 ,:y d we n      
sacrifice ) ! blood ( %eep & o!r bea/s8 
,:y d we n ab/a9 f sw9e's fle%8 ,:y do? 
n ea* ( u w$ _m wives8 ,s9ce we abhor ^?
 ?+s1 :y do? ! example ( w> please u s  
mu*8 ,:y d we "h foll[ ! b>e lett] t    
kille?8 ,x 0 p]mitt$ ! ,jews to make w>1
 b s likewise z !y 7 suff]$ to dep>t f  
_! wives1 d\btless because ( _! h>d &   
fr[>d mann]s4 ,b aft] ,*ri/ comm&$ !    
sword to be put up1 x is unlawful =     
,*ri/ian m5 to make any o!r w> b t :i*  
is ! faire/ w> ( all1 ) ! mo/ eag] &    
fi]ce enemies ( ! ,*ur*1 ) affection (  
money1 ) wra?1 ) ambition1 ) dread (    
dea?4 ,^! be our ,phili/9es1 ^! be our  
,nabu*odonosors1 ^! be our ,moabites &  

,ammonites1 ) ! :i* x behoove? u to h no
 truce4 ,) ^! we mu/ cont9ually fight1  
until 7our enemies be+ utt]ly vanqui%$7 
we may be 9 quiet1 = except we may      
ov]come !m1 !re is no man t may atta9 to
 any true peace1 nei!r ) himself1 nor   
yet ) no o!r4 ,= ?is w> alone is cause (
 true peace4 ,he t ov]come? 9 ?is       
battle1 w make w> ) no man liv+4 ,nor ,i
 reg>d n ! int]pretation t "s m5 make ( 
! two swords1 to signify ei!r p[]       
spiritual or temporal4 ,:5 ,*ri/ suff]$ 
,pet] to err purposely1 yea1 aft] he 0  
comm&$ to put up 8 sword1 no man %\ld   
d\bt b t w> 0 =bidd51 :i* be=e seem$ to 
be lawful4 ,b ,pet] 7say !y7 f\ght4     
,true x is1 ,pet] f\ght2 he 0 yet b a   
,jew1 & _h n ! _s ( a v ,*ri/ian man4   
,he f\ght n = 8 l&s1 or = any su* titles
 ( l&s z we d1 nor yet = 8 own life1 b =
 8 ,ma/]'s life4 ,& f9ally1 he f\ght1 ! 
:i* )9 a :ile aft] =sook 8 ,ma/]4 ,n[ if
 m5 w ne$s foll[ ! example ( ,pet] t    
f\ght1 :y might !y n z well foll[ !     
example ( him =sak+ 8 ,ma/]8 ,& ?\gh    

,pet] ?r\gh simple affection err$1 yet  
did 8 ,ma/] rebuke him4 ,= else1 if     
,*ri/ did all[ su* mann] ( def5ce1 z "s 
mo/ fooli%ly d int]pret1 :y do? bo? all 
! life & doctr9e ( ,*ri/ prea* no o!r ?+
 b suff]ance8 ,:y s5t he =? 8 disciples 
aga9 tyrants1 arm$ ) no?+ else b ) a    
walk+-/aff & a scrip8 ,if t sword1 :i*  
,*ri/ comm&$ 8 disciples to sell _!     
coats to buy1 be mod]ate def5ce aga9/   
p]secutors1 l z "s m5 d n only wick$ly b
 also bl9dly int]pret1 :y did ! m>tyrs  
nev] use t def5ce8 ,b 7say !y7 ! law (  
nature comm&e?1 x is approv$ by ! laws1 
& all[$ by cu/om1 t we ought to put (f f
 u viol5ce by viol5ce1 & t ea* ( u %\ld 
def5d 8 life1 & eke 8 money1 :5 ! money 
7z ,hesiod sai?7 is z lief z ! life4    
,all ?is ,i grant1 b yet grace1 ! law ( 
,*ri/1 t is ( m effect ?an all ^! ?+s1  
comm&e? u1 t we %\ld n speak ill to !m t
 speak %rewdly to u2 t we %\ld d well to
 !m t d ill to u1 & to !m t take away "p
 ( our possessions1 we %\ld give ! :ole2
 & t we %\ld also pray = !m t imag9e our

 dea?4 ,b ^! ?+s 7say !y7 app]ta9 to !  
apo/les2 yea1 !y app]ta9 to ! univ]sal p
 ( ,*ri/1 & to ! :ole body ( ,*ri/'s    
,*ur*1 t mu/ ne$s be a :ole & a p]fect  
body1 al?\gh 9 its gifts "o memb] is m  
excell5t ?an ano!r4 ,to !m ! doctr9e (  
,*ri/ app]ta9e? n1 t hope n to h rew>d )
 ,*ri/4 ,let !m fight = money & =       
lord%ips1 t laugh to scorn ! say+ (     
,*ri/3 ,bless$ be ! poor m5 9 _s2 t is  
to say1 be !y poor or ri*1 bless$ be !y 
t covet no ri*es 9 ?is _w4 ,!y t put all
 _! felicity 9 ^! ri*es1 !y fight gladly
 to def5d _! life2 b !y be ^? t und]/& n
 ?is life to be r a dea?1 nor !y p]ceive
 n t ev]la/+ life is prep>$ = good m54  
,n[ !y lay aga9/ u div]s bi%ops ( ,rome1
 ! :i* h be5 bo? au?ors & abettors (    
w>r+4 ,true x is1 "s su* !re h be51 b !y
 7 ( late1 & 9 su* "t z ! doctr9e (     
,*ri/ wax$ cold4 ,yea1 & !y be v few 9  
comp>ison ( ! holy fa!rs t 7 be=e !m1   
:i* ) _! writ+s p]suade u to flee w>4   
,:y are ^! few examples mo/ 9 m9d8 ,:y  
turn we our eyes f ,*ri/ to m58 ,& :y _h

 we r foll[ ! unc]ta9 examples1 ?an !   
au?ority t is sure & c]ta98 ,= d\btless 
! bi%ops ( ,rome 7 m54 ,& x may be "r   
well1 t !y 7 ei!r fools or ungraci\s    
caitiffs4 ,& yet we f9d n t any ( !m    
approv$ t we %\ld /ill cont9ually w>    
aft] ?is fa%ion z we d1 :i* ?+ ,i c\ld )
 argum5ts prove1 if ,i li/$ to digress &
 t>ry !reupon4  ,sa9t ,b]n>d prais$     
w>riors1 b he s prais$ !m1 t he condemn$
 all ! mann] ( our w>f>e4 ,& yet :y %\ld
 ! say+ ( ,sa9t ,b]n>d1 or ! disputation
 ( ,?omas ! ,alqu9e1 move me r ?an !    
doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 :i* comm&e?1 t we %\ld 
9 no wise resi/ evil1 specially "u su*  
mann] z ! common p d resi/4  ,b x is    
lawful 7say !y7 t a transgressor be     
puni%$ & put to dea? accord+ to ! laws3 
!n is x n lawful = a :ole c\ntry or city
 to be rev5g$ by w>8 ,:at may be answ]$ 
9 ?is place1 is long] ?an is conv5i5t to
 reply4 ,b ?is mu* w ,i say1 !re is a   
great diff]5ce4 ,= ! evil-do]1 f\nd     
faulty & convict$1 is by au?ority ( !   
laws put to dea?4 ,9 w> !re is nei!r "p 

)\t fault4 ,:]eas "o s+ul> man do? (f5d1
 ! puni%m5t falle? only on himself2 & ! 
example ( ! puni%m5t do? good unto all  
o!rs4 ,9 w> ! mo/ "p ( ! puni%m5t & h>m 
falls ^u !m t lea/ des]ve to be puni%$2 
t is1 ^u husb&m51 old m51 hone/ wives1  
"y *ildr51 & virg9s4 ,b if !re may any  
commodity at all be ga!r$ ( ?is mo/     
mis*iev\s ?+1 t altoge!r goe? to ! beho(
 ( c]ta9 mo/ v5geable ?ieves1 hir$      
soldi]s1 & /rong robb]s1 & p]haps to a  
few capta9s1 by ^: craft w> 0 rais$ = t 
int5t1 & ) :i* ! matt] goe? nev] bett]  
?an :5 ! commonweal is 9 mo/ high       
jeop>dy & p]il to be lo/4 ,:]eas "o is =
 8 (f5ce griev\sly puni%$1 x is ! weal?y
 w>n+ ( all o!r3 b 9 w> to ! end to     
rev5ge ! qu>rel ( "o1 or else p]adv5ture
 ( a few1 we cruelly afflict & grieve _m
 ?\s&s ( !m t no?+ des]v$4 ,x 7 bett] to
 leave ! (f5ce ( a few unpuni%$ ?an :ile
 we seek occasion to puni% "o or two1 to
 br+ into assur$ p]il & dang]1 bo? our  
neighb\rs & innoc5t enemies 7we call !m 
our enemies1 ?\gh !y nev] did u hurt72 &

 yet are we unc]ta91 :e!r x %all fall on
 !m or n1 t we w\ld h puni%$4 ,x is     
bett] to let a w\nd alone1 t _c be cur$ 
)\t griev\s hurt & dang] ( all ! :ole   
body1 ?an g ab\t to heal x4  ,n[ if any 
man w cry out & say3 ,x 7 aga9/ all "r1 
t he t (f5de? %\ld n be puni%$2 h]eunto 
,i answ]1 t x is mu* m aga9/ all "r &   
reason1 t s _m ?\s&s ( innoc5ts %\ld be 
br\ght into extreme calamity & mis*ief  
)\t des]v+4 ,albeit n[adays we see1 t   
almo/ all w>s spr+ up ,i _c tell ( :at  
titles1 & ( leagues betwe5 pr9ces1 t    
:ile !y g ab\t to subdue to _! dom9ion  
"s "o t[n1 !y put 9 jeop>dy all _! :ole 
empire4 ,& yet )9 a :ile aft]1 !y sell  
or give away ! same t[n aga91 t !y got )
 %$d+ ( s mu* blood4  ,p]adv5ture "s man
 w say3 ,w\ld/ n h pr9ces fight = _! "r8
 ,i "k "r well1 x is n meet = su* a man 
z ,i am1 to dispute ov]boldly ( pr9ces' 
matt]s1 & ?\gh ,i might d x )\t any     
dang]1 yet is x long] ?an is conv5i5t = 
?is place4 ,b ?is mu* w ,i say3 ,if ea* 
:atsoev] title be a cause conv5i5t to g 

9 h& ) w>1 !re is no man t 9 s great    
alt]ations ( m5's affairs1 & 9 s great  
v>iety & *anges1 c want a title4 ,:at   
nation is !re t ha? n sometime be5 put  
out ( _! own c\ntry1 & also h put o!r   
out8 ,h[ (t h p gone f "o c\ntry to     
ano!r8 ,h[ (t h :ole empires be5        
translat$ f "o to ano!r ei!r by *ance or
 by league4 ,let ! citiz5s ( ,padua     
claim n[ aga9 9 ,god's "n ! c\ntry (    
,troy = !irs1 because ,ant5or 0 sometime
 a ,trojan4 ,let ! ,romans n[ h>dily    
claim aga9 ,africa & ,spa91 because ^?  
prov9ces 7 sometime "u ! ,romans4 ,we   
call t a dom9ion1 :i* is b an           
adm9i/ration4 ,! p[] & au?ority ov] m51 
:i* be free by ,nature1 & ov] brute     
bea/s1 is n all "o4 ,:at p[] &          
sov]eignty soev] y h1 y h x by ! cons5t 
( ! p4 ,& if ,i be n deceiv$1 he t ha?  
au?ority to give1 ha? au?ority to take  
away aga94 ,w ye see h[ small a matt] x 
is t we make all ?is tumult =8 ,! /rife 
is n1 :e!r ?is city or t %\ld be        
obeisant to a good pr9ce1 & n 9 bondage 

( a tyrant2 b :e!r ,f]d9& or ,sigismund 
ha? ! bett] title to x1 :e!r t city     
ought to pay tribute to ,philip or to   
,k+ ,l\is4 ,?is is t noble "r1 = ! :i*  
all ! _w is ?us vex$ & tr\bl$ ) w>s &   
manslaught]4  ,yet g to1 suppose t ?is  
"r or title be z /rong & ( z great      
au?ority z may be2 suppose also !re be  
no diff]5ce betwe5 a private field & a  
:ole city2 & admit !re be no diff]5ce   
betwe5 ! bea/s t y h b\ght ) y\r money &
 m51 :i* be n only free1 b also true    
,*ri/ians3 yet is x a po9t = a wise man 
to ca/ 9 8 m9d1 :e!r ! ?+ t y w w> =1 be
 ( s great value1 t x w recomp5se !     
exce$+ly great h>ms & loss ( y\r own p4 
,if ye _c d 9 e po9t z become? a pr9ce1 
yet at ! lea/ways d z ! m]*antman doe?3 
he sette? naught by t loss1 :i* he well 
p]ceive? _c be avoid$ )\t a great] loss1
 & he reckone? x a w9n+1 t =tune ha? be5
 aga9/ him ) 8 s little loss4 ,or else  
at ! lea/wise foll[ him1 ( :om !re is a 
m]ry tale commonly told4  ,!re 7 two    
k9sm5 at v>iance ab\t divid+ ( c]ta9    

goods1 & :5 !y c\ld by no means agree1  
!y mu/ g to law toge!r1 t 9 conclusion !
 matt] might be end$ by s5t5ce ( !      
judges4 ,!y got !m attorneys1 ! pleas 7 
drawn1 m5 ( law _h ! matt] 9 h&1 !y came
 be=e ! judges1 ! compla9t 0 ent]$1 !   
cause 0 plead$1 & s 0 ! w> begun betwe5 
!m4 ,anon "o ( !m rememb]+ himself1     
call$ aside 8 adv]s>y to him & said on  
?is wise3 ,fir/ x 7 a great %ame1 t a   
little money %\ld dissev] u twa91 :om   
,nature ha? knit s ne> toge!r4          
,secondly1 ! end ( our /rife is unc]ta91
 no less ?an ( w>4 ,x is 9 our h&s to   
beg9 :5 we w1 b n to make an end4 ,all  
our /rife is b = an hundr$ cr[ns1 & we  
%all sp5d ! d\ble !re( ^u not>ies1 ^u   
promot]s1 ^u advocates1 ^u attorneys1 ^u
 judges1 & ^u judges' fri5ds1 if we try 
! law to ! utt]mo/4 ,we mu/ wait ^u ^!  
m51 we mu/ flatt] & speak !m fair1 we   
mu/ give !m rew>ds4 ,& yet ,i speak n ( 
! c>e & ?\ght1 nor ( ! great lab\r &    
travail1 t we mu/ take to run ab\t "h & 
!re to make fri5ds2 & :i* ( u two t     

w9ne? ! victory1 %all be sure ( m       
incommodity ?an pr(it4 ,:]e=e if we be  
wise1 let u r see to our own pr(it1 & ! 
money t %all be evil be/[$ ^u ^! brib]s1
 let u divide x betwe5 u twa94 ,& =give 
y ! half ( t ye ?9k %\ld be y\r due1 &  
,i w =give z mu* ( m9e4 ,& s %all we    
keep & pres]ve our fri5d%ip1 :i* else is
 l to p]i%1 & we %all also es*ew ?is    
great bus9ess1 co/1 & *>ge4 ,if y be n  
cont5t to =go any?+ ( y\r "p1 ,i commit 
! :ole matt] into y\r own h&s2 d ) x z y
 w4 ,= ,i _h lief] my fri5d _h ?is      
money1 ?an ^? insatiable ?ieves4 ,me?9ks
 ,i h ga9$ en\gh1 if ,i may save my good
 "n1 keep my fri5d1 & avoid ?is unquiet 
& *>geable bus9ess4 ,?us p>tly ! tell+ (
 ! tru?1 & p>tly ! m]ry conceit ( 8     
k9sman1 mov$ ! o!r man to agree4 ,s !y  
end$ ! matt] betwe5 !mselves1 to ! great
 displeasure ( ! judges & s]vants1 = !y1
 l a sort ( gap+ rav5s1 7 delud$ & put  
beside _! prey4  ,let a pr9ce !re=e     
foll[ ! wisdom ( ^! two m51 specially 9 
a matt] ( mu* m dang]4 ,nor let him n   

reg>d :at ?+ x is t he w\ld obta91 b :at
 great loss ( good ?+s he %all h1 9 :at 
great jeop>dies he %all be1 & :at       
mis]ies he mu/ endure1 to come !reby4   
,n[ if a man w weigh1 z x 7 9 a pair (  
balances1 ! commodities ( w> on ! "o    
side & ! incommodities on ! o!r side1 he
 %all f9d t unju/ peace is f> bett] ?an 
righte\s w>4 ,:y _h we r h w> ?an peace8
 ,:o b a madman w angle ) a gold5       
fi%-hook8 ,if ye see t ! *>ges & exp5ses
 %all am\nt f> above y\r ga91 yea1 ?\gh 
all ?+s g accord+ to y\r m9d1 is x n    
bett] t ye =go "p ( y\r "r ?an to buy s 
little commodity ) s innum]able         
mis*iefs8 ,i _h lief] t any o!r man _h !
 title1 ?an ,i %\ld w9 x ) s great      
effusion ( ,*ri/ian m5's blood4 ,he     
7:osoev] he be7 ha? n[ be5 _m ye>s 9    
possession2 he is accu/om$ to rule1 8   
subjects "k him1 he behave? him l a     
pr9ce2 & "o %all come =?1 :o1 f9d+ an   
old title 9 "s hi/ories or 9 "s bl9d    
evid5ce1 w turn clean upside d[n ! quiet
 /ate & good ord] ( t commonweal4 ,:at  

availe? x ) s great tr\bl+ to *ange any 
title1 :i* 9 %ort space by "o *ance or  
o!r mu/ g to ano!r man8 ,specially s9ce 
we might see1 t no ?+s 9 ?is _w cont9ue 
/ill 9 "o /ate1 b at ! scornful pleasure
 ( =tune !y roll to & fro1 z ! waves ( !
 sea4 ,f9ally1 if ,*ri/ian m5 _c despise
 & set at naught ^! s light ?+s1 yet    
:]eto ne$ !y by & by to run to arms8    
,s9ce !re be s _m bi%ops1 m5 ( great    
gravity & le>n+2 s9ce !re be s _m       
v5]able abbots2 s9ce !re be s _m noble  
m5 ( great age1 :om long use & exp]i5ce 
( ?+s ha? made "r wise3 :y are n ^!     
trifl+ & *ildi% qu>rels ( pr9ces pacifi$
 & set 9 ord] by ! wisdom & discretion (
 ^! m58 ,b !y seem to make a v hone/    
reason ( w>1 :i* pret5d z !y w\ld def5d 
! ,*ur*3 z ?\gh ! p 7 n ! ,*ur*1 or z   
?\gh ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 0 begun1 augm5t$1 &
 /abli%$ ) w>s & slaught]s1 & n r 9     
spill+ ( ! blood ( m>tyrs1 suff]ance1 & 
despis+ ( ?is life1 or z ?\gh ! :ole    
dignity ( ! ,*ur* re/$ 9 ! ri*es ( !    
prie/s4 ,nor to me truly x seeme? n s   

all[able1 t we %\ld s (t make w> ^u !   
,turks4 ,d\btless x 7 n well ) !        
,*ri/ian religion1 if ! only safegu>d   
!re( %\ld dep5d on su* succ\rs4 ,nor x  
is n likely1 t !y %\ld be good          
,*ri/ians1 t by ^! means are br\ght     
!reto at ! fir/4 ,= t ?+ t is got by w>1
 is aga9 9 ano!r "t lo/ by w>4 ,w ye br+
 ! ,turks to ! fai? ( ,*ri/8 ,let u n   
make a %[ ( our gay ri*es1 nor ( our    
great numb] ( soldi]s1 nor ( our great  
/r5g?4 ,let !m see 9 u none ( ^! solemn 
titles1 b ! assur$ tok5s ( ,*ri/ian m53 
a pure1 innoc5t life2 a f]v5t desire to 
d well1 yea1 to our v enemies2 ! despis+
 ( money1 ! neglect+ ( glory1 a poor    
simple life4 ,let !m he> ! heav5ly      
doctr9e agreeable to su* a mann] ( life4
 ,^! are ! be/ arm\rs to subdue ! ,turks
 to ,*ri/4 ,n[ (t5times we1 be+ ill1    
fight ) ! evil4 ,yea1 & ,i %all say     
ano!r ?+ 7:i* ,i w\ld to ,god 7 m boldly
 spok5 ?an truly71 if we set aside !    
title & sign ( ! ,cross1 we fight ,turks
 aga9/ ,turks4 ,if our religion 7 fir/  

/abli%$ by ! might & /r5g? ( m5 ( w>1 if
 x 7 confirm$ by d9t ( sword1 if x 7    
augm5t$ by w>1 !n let u ma9ta9 x by !   
same means & ways4 ,b if all ?+s 9 our  
fai? 7 br\ght to pass by o!r means1 :y d
 we1 !n 7z we mi/ru/$ ! help ( ,*ri/71  
seek su* succ\r z ! hea!n p use8 ,b :y  
%\ld we n 7say !y7 kill !m t w\ld kill  
u8 ,s ?9k !y x a great di%on\r1 if o!r  
%\ld be m mis*iev\s ?an !y4 ,:y d ye n1 
!n1 rob ^? t h robb$ y be=e8 ,:y d ye n 
scold & *ide at !m t rail at y8 ,:y d ye
 n hate !m t hate y8 ,tr[ ye x is a good
 ,*ri/ian man's de$ to slay a ,turk8 ,= 
be ! ,turks nev] s wick$1 yet !y are m51
 = ^: salvation ,*ri/ suff]$ dea?4 ,&   
kill+ ,turks we (f] to ! devil mo/      
pleasant sacrifice1 & ) t "o de$ we     
please our enemy1 ! devil1 twice3 fir/  
because a man is sla91 & aga91 because a
 ,*ri/ian man slew him4 ,!re be _m1 :i* 
desir+ to seem good ,*ri/ian m51 /udy to
 hurt & grieve ! ,turks all t ev] !y    
may2 & :]e !y be n able to d any?+1 !y  
curse & ban1 & bid a mis*ief ^u !m4 ,n[ 

by ! same "o po9t a man may p]ceive1 t  
!y be f> f good ,*ri/ian m54 ,succ\r !  
,turks1 & :]e !y be wick$1 make !m good 
if ye c2 if ye _c1 wi% & desire ( ,god  
!y may h grace to turn to goodness4 ,&  
he t ?us doe?1 ,i w say doe? l a        
,*ri/ian man4 ,b ( all ^! ?+s ,i %all   
entreat m l>gely1 :5 ,i set =? my book  
entitl$ ,antipolemus1 :i* :ilom :5 ,i 0 
at ,rome ,i wrote to ,julius1 bi%op (   
,rome1 ! second ( t "n1 at ! same "t1 :5
 he 0 c\nsell$ to make w> on !          
,v5etians4  ,b !re is "o ?+ :i* is m to 
be lam5t$ !n reason$3 ,t if a man w\ld  
dilig5tly discuss ! matt]1 he %all f9d t
 all ! w>s among u ,*ri/ian m5 d spr+   
ei!r ( fooli%ness1 or else ( malice4 ,"s
 "y m5 )\t exp]i5ce1 inflam$ ) ! evil   
examples ( _! =efa!rs1 t !y f9d by read+
 ( hi/ories1 writt5 ( "s fooli% au?ors  
7& besides ?is be+ mov$ ) ! exhortations
 ( flatt]]s1 ) ! in/igation ( lawy]s1 & 
ass5t+ !reto ( ! div9es1 ! bi%ops w9k+  
!reat1 or p]adv5ture entic+ !reunto71 h 
r ( foolh>d9ess ?an ( malice1 gone 9 h& 

) w>2 & ) ! great hurt & damage ( all   
?is _w !y le>n1 t w> is a ?+ t %\ld be  
by all means & ways fl$ & es*ew$4 ,"s   
o!r are mov$ by privy hatr$1 ambition   
cause? "s1 & "s are /irr$ by fi]c5ess ( 
m9d to make w>4 ,= truly !re is almo/ n[
 no o!r ?+ 9 our cities & commonweals   
?an is conta9$ 9 ,hom]'s "w ,iliad1 ,!  
wra? ( indiscreet pr9ces & p4  ,!re be  
^? :o = no o!r cause /ir up w> b to !   
int5t !y may by t means ! m easily      
ex]cise tyranny on _! subjects4 ,= 9 !  
"t ( peace1 ! au?ority ( ! c\ncil1 !    
dignity ( ! rul]s1 ! vig\r & /r5g? ( !  
laws1 d some:at h9d]1 t a pr9ce _c d all
 t him li/e?2 b z soon z w> is once     
begun1 n[ all ! h&l+ ( matt]s re/e? 9 ! 
pleasure ( a few p]sons4 ,!y t ! pr9ce  
fav\re? are lift$ up al(t1 & !y t be 9 8
 displeasure1 g d[n4 ,!y exact z mu*    
money z please? !m4 ,:at ne$ _m words8  
,!n !y ?9k !mselves1 t !y be ! greate/  
pr9ces ( ! _w4 ,9 ! meantime ! capta9s  
sport & play toge!r1 till !y h gnaw$ !  
poor p to ! h>d bones4 ,& ?9k ye t x w  

grieve !m1 t be ( ?is m9d1 to ent]      
lightly into w>1 :5 any cause is (f]$8  
,besides all ?is1 x is wor? :ile to see 
by :at means we col\r our fault4 ,i     
pret5d ! def5ce ( our religion1 b my m9d
 is to get ! great ri*es t ! ,turk ha?4 
,"u col\r to def5d ! ,*ur*'s "r1 ,i     
purpose to rev5ge ! hatr$ t ,i h 9 my   
/oma*4 ,i incl9e to ambition1 ,i foll[  
my wra?2 my cruel1 fi]ce & unbridl$ m9d 
compelle? me2 & yet w ,i f9d a          
cavillation & say1 ! league is n kept1  
or fri5d%ip is brok51 or some?+ 7,i wot 
n :at myself7 conc]n+ ! laws ( matrimony
 is omitt$4 ,& x is a wond] to speak1 h[
 !y nev] obta9 ! v ?+ t !y s greatly    
desire4 ,& :ile !y fooli%ly lab\r to    
es*ew ?is mis*ief or t1 !y fall into    
ano!r mu* worse1 or else deep] into !   
same4 ,& surely if desire ( glory cause?
 !m ?us to d1 x is a ?+ mu* m magnific5t
 & glori\s to save ?an to de/roy2 mu* m 
gay & goodly to build a city ?an to     
ov]?r[ & de/roy a city4  ,fur!rmore     
admit t ! victory 9 battle is got mo/   

prosp]\sly1 yet h[ small a portion ( !  
glory %all g unto ! pr9ce3 ! commons w  
claim a great "p ( x1 by ! help ( ^:    
money ! de$ 0 done2 =eign soldi]s1 t are
 hir$ = money1 w *all5ge mu* m ?an !    
commons2 ! capta9s look to h v mu* ( t  
glory2 & =tune has ! mo/ ( all1 :i*     
/rik+ a great /roke 9 e matt]1 9 w> may 
d mo/ ( all4 ,if x come ( a noble c\rage
 or /\t /oma*1 t y be mov$ to make w>3  
see1 ,i pray y1 h[ f> wide ye be f y\r  
purpose4 ,= :ile ye w n be se5 to b[ to 
"o man1 z to a pr9ce y\r neighb\r1      
p]adv5ture ( y\r alliance1 :o may by    
=tune h done y good3 h[ mu* m abjectly  
mu/ ye b[ y\rself1 :at "t ye seek aid & 
help ( b>b>\s p2 yea1 &1 :at is m       
unwor?y1 ( su* m5 z are defil$ ) all    
mis*iev\s de$s1 if we mu/ ne$s call su* 
k9d ( mon/]s m58 ,mean:ile ye g ab\t to 
allure unto y ) fair words & promises1  
ravi%]s ( virg9s & ( religi\s wom51     
m5-kill]s1 /\t robb]s & rov]s 7= ^! be  
?y special m5 ( w>74 ,& :ile y lab\r to 
be some:at cruel & sup]ior ov] y\r      

equal1 y are con/ra9$ to submit         
y\rselves to ! v dregs ( all m5 liv+4 ,&
 :ile ye g ab\t to drive y\r neighb\r   
out ( 8 l&1 ye mu/ ne$s fir/ br+ into   
y\r own l& ! mo/ pe/il5t puddle (       
un?rifts t c be4 ,y mi/ru/ a pr9ce ( y\r
 own alliance1 & w y commit y\rself     
:olly to an arm$ multitude8 ,h[ mu* sur]
 7 x to commit y\rself to concord6  ,if 
ye w make w> because ( lucre1 take y\r  
c\nt]s & ca/4 ,& ,i w say1 x is bett] to
 h w> ?an peace1 if ye f9d n1 t n only  
less1 b also unc]ta9 w9n+ is got )      
ine/imable co/s4  ,ye say ye make w> = !
 safegu>d ( ! commonweal1 yea1 b n[ay   
soon] nor m un?riftily may ! commonweal 
p]i% ?an by w>4 ,= be=e ye ent] into !  
field1 ye h already hurt m y\r c\ntry   
?an ye c d good gett+ ! victory4 ,ye    
wa/e ! citiz5s' goods1 ye fill ! h\ses )
 lam5tation1 ye fill all ! c\ntry )     
?ieves1 robb]s1 & ravi%]s4 ,= ^! are !  
relics ( w>4 ,& :]eas be=e ye might h   
enjoy$ all ,france1 ye %ut y\rselves f  
_m regions !re(4 ,if ye love y\r own    

subjects truly1 :y revolve y n 9 m9d ^! 
words3 ,:y %all ,i put s _m1 9 _! lu/y1 
fl\ri%+ y\?1 9 all mis*iefs & p]ils8 ,:y
 %all ,i dep>t s _m hone/ wives & _!    
husb&s1 & make s _m fa!rless *ildr58 ,:y
 %all ,i claim a title ,i "k n1 & a     
d\btful "r1 ) spill+ ( my subjects'     
blood8 ,we h se5 9 our "t1 t 9 w> made  
"u col\r ( def5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 ! prie/s h 
be5 s (t5 pillag$ ) contributions1 t no 
enemy might d m4 ,s t :ile we g ab\t    
fooli%ly to escape fall+ 9 ! dit*1 :ile 
we _c suff] a light injury1 we afflict  
ourselves ) mo/ griev\s despites4 ,:ile 
we be a%am$ ( g5tl5ess to b[ to a pr9ce1
 we be fa9 to please p mo/ base4 ,:ile  
we indiscreetly covet lib]ty1 we        
entangle ourselves 9 mo/ griev\s        
bondage4 ,:ile we hunt aft] a little    
lucre1 we grieve ourselves & ours )     
ine/imable h>ness4 ,x _h be5 a po9t ( a 
prud5t ,*ri/ian man 7if he be a true    
,*ri/ian man7 by all mann] ( means to h 
fl$1 to h %unn$1 & by pray] to h )/ood s
 fi5di% a ?+1 & s f> bo? f ! life &     

doctr9e ( ,*ri/4 ,b if x c by no means  
be es*ew$1 by reason ( ! ungraci\sness (
 _m m51 :5 ye h essay$ e way1 & t ye h =
 peace sake left no /one unturn$1 !n !  
next way is1 t ye d y\r dilig5ce t s ill
 a ?+ may be ge/$ & done by !m t be     
evil1 & t x be a*iev$ ) z little        
effusion ( man's blood z c be4  ,n[ if  
we endeav\r to be ! selfsame ?+ t we he>
 ourselves call$1--t is1 good ,*ri/ian  
m51--we %all little e/eem any worldly   
?+1 nor yet ambiti\sly covet any?+ ( ?is
 _w4 ,= if we set all our m9d1 t we may 
lightly & purely "p h5ce2 if we incl9e  
:olly to heav5ly ?+s2 if we pit* all our
 felicity 9 ,*ri/ alone2 if we believe  
all t is truly good1 truly gay &        
glori\s1 truly joyful1 to rema9 9 ,*ri/ 
alone2 if we ?or\ghly ?9k t a godly man 
c ( no man be hurt2 if we pond] h[ va9 &
 vani%+ are ! scornful ?+s ( ?is _w2 if 
we inw>dly behold h[ h>d a ?+ x is = a  
man to be 9 a mann] trans=m$ into a god1
 & s "h1 ) cont9ual & indefatigable     
m$itation1 to be purg$ f all infections 

( ?is _w1 t )9 a :ile ! husk ( ?is body 
be+ ca/ (f1 x may pass h5ce to ! company
 ( angels2 f9ally1 if we surely h ^!    
?ree ?+s1 )\t :i* none is wor?y ( ! "n (
 a ,*ri/ian man1--,innoc5cy1 t we may be
 pure f all vices2 ,*>ity1 t we may d   
good1 z ne> z we c1 to e man2 ,pati5ce1 
t we may suff] !m t d u ill1 &1 if we c1
 ) good de$s ov]come wrongs to u done3  
,i pray y1 :at w> c !re be among u =    
trifles8 ,if x be b a tale t is told (  
,*ri/1 :y d we n op5ly put him out ( our
 company8 ,:y %\ld we glory 9 8 title8  
,b if he be1 z he is 9 v de$1 ! true    
way1 ! v tru?1 & ! v life1 :y do? all ! 
mann] ( our liv+ diff] s f> asund] f !  
true example ( him8 ,if we ackn[l$ge &  
take ,*ri/ = our au?or1 :i* is v ,*>ity1
 & nei!r taught nor gave o!r ?+ b *>ity 
& peace1 !n g to1 let u n 9 titles &    
signs1 b 9 our de$s & liv+1 pla9ly      
express him4 ,let u h 9 our he>ts a     
f]v5t desire ( peace1 t ,*ri/ may aga9  
"k u = 84 ,to ?is int5t ! pr9ces1 !     
prelates1 & ! cities & commonalties %\ld

 apply _! c\nsels4 ,!re ha? be5 hi!rto  
en\gh spilt ( ,*ri/ian man's blood4 ,we 
h %[$ pleasure en\gh to ! enemies ( !   
,*ri/ian religion4 ,& if ! common p1 z  
!y are wont1 make any di/urbance1 let ! 
pr9ces bridle & quail !m1 :i* pr9ces    
ought to be ! selfsame ?+ 9 ! commonweal
 t ! eye is 9 ! body1 & ! reason 9 !    
s\l4 ,aga91 if ! pr9ces make any tr\ble1
 x is ! "p ( good prelates by _! wisdom 
& gravity to pacify & assuage su*       
commotion4 ,or else1 at ! lea/1 we be+  
satiate ) cont9ual w>s1 let ! desire (  
peace a little move u4 ,! bi%op exhorte?
 u 7if ev] any bi%op did ,leo ! ,t5?    
do?1 :i* occupie? ! room ( our peaceable
 ,solomon1 = all 8 desire1 all 8 int5t &
 lab\r1 is = ?is int5t7 t !y :om "o     
common fai? ha? c\pl$ toge!r1 %\ld be   
jo9$ 9 "o common concord4 ,he lab\re? t 
! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ %\ld fl\ri%1 n 9 ri*es  
or lord%ips1 b 9 h] own prop] virtues4  
,surely ?is is a "r goodly act1 & well  
beseem+ a man desc5d$ ( su* a noble     
l9eage z ! ,m$ici3 by ^: civil prud5ce !

 noble city ( ,flor5ce mo/ fre%ly       
fl\ri%$ 9 long-cont9u$ peace2 ^: h\se ( 
,m$ici ha? be5 a help unto all good     
lett]s4 ,leo himself1 hav+ alway a sob] 
& a g5tle wit1 giv+ himself f 8 t5d] y\?
 to good lett]s ( humanity1 0 ev] br\ght
 up1 z x 71 9 ! lap ( ! ,muses1 among m5
 mo/ highly le>n$4 ,he s faultless l$ 8 
life1 t ev5 9 ! city ( ,rome1 :]e is mo/
 lib]ty ( vice1 0 ( him no evil rum\r1 &
 s gov]n+ himself came to ! dignity to  
be bi%op !re1 :i* dignity he nev]       
covet$1 b 0 *os5 !reto :5 he lea/ ?\ght 
!reon1 by ! provision ( ,god to help to 
r$ress ?+s 9 great decay by long w>s4   
,let ,julius ! bi%op h 8 glory ( w>1    
victories1 & ( 8 great triumphs1 ! :i*  
h[ evil !y beseem a ,*ri/ian bi%op1 x is
 n = su* a "o z ,i am to decl>e4 ,i w   
?is say1 8 glory1 :atsoev] x be1 0 mix$ 
) ! great de/ruction & griev\s sorr[ (  
_m a creature4 ,b by peace re/or$ n[ to 
! _w1 ,leo %all get m true glory ?an    
,julius won by s _m w>s t he ei!r boldly
 begun1 or prosp]\sly f\ght & a*iev$4   

,b !y t _h lief] he> ( prov]bs1 ?an ei!r
 ( peace or ( w>1 w ?9k t ,i h t>ri$    
long] ab\t ?is digression ?an is meet = 
! decl>ation ( a prov]b4   ,,f9is       
,,( ,,?is ,,volume   ,,:i* ,,is ,,edit$ 
,,by ,,john ,w4 ,,mackail   ,,) ,,types 
,,decorations   ,,by ,,h]b]t ,p4 ,,horne
   ,,ccciii ,,copies ,,7   ,,pr9t$      
,illu/ration3 ,,optimum   ,,vix ,,satis 
,,by ,d4 ,b4 ,,updike   ,,at ,,!        
,,m]rym\nt ,,press   ,,bo/on            
,,massa*usetts   ,,9 ,,! ,,mon? ,,(     
,,augu/   ,,mcm   ,,vii