,transcrib]'s note3 ,! li/$ ,add5da ,corrig5da h be5 appli$1 & ! captions to ! la/ plate correct$ f ,,cyproea to ,,cypraea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,zoological ,illu/rations1 ,,or ,,orig9al ,,figures ,,& ,,descriptions ,,( ,,new1 ,,r>e1 ,,or ,,int]e/+ ,,animals1 ,,select$ ,,*iefly ,,f ,,! ,,classes ,,( ,orni?ology1 ,entomology1 & ,con*ology1 ,,& ,,arrang$ ,,on ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,cuvi] ,,& ,,o!r ,,mod]n ,,zoologi/s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,william ,,swa9son1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,l4,s41 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,w]n]ian ,,society ,,( ,,ed9burgh1 ,,etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,iii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,james ,,moyes1 ,,greville ,,/reet2 ,,= ,,baldw91 ,,cradock1 ,,& ,,joy1 ,,pat]no/]-,,r[2 ,,& ,w4 ,,wood1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 #ahbb-c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclud+ ! la/ volume ( ^! ,illu/rations1 ,i may be all[$ to express ! satisfaction ,i feel1 at ! fav\rable mann] 9 :i* ! "w has be5 receiv$1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & on ! cont95t4 ,sev]al objections h be5 urg$1 ev5 by s5sible writ]s1 aga9/ miscellane\s works on ,zoology4 ,fir/1 t !y range ov] ! :ole animal k+dom1 )\t complet+ ! hi/ory ( any "o tribe4 ,secondly1 t _! au?ors1 :ile pr(ess+ to illu/rate only :at is new or little kn[n1 intrude a l>ge proportion ( subjects to be f\nd 9 all ! common natural hi/ories4 ,& ?irdly1 t ?is rapid mode ( publi%+ new discov]ies1 is an infr+em5t on ! "r1 & is detrim5tal to ! lab\rs1 ( ^? naturali/s :o direct _! att5tion to "o p>ticul> bran*4 ,^! objections1 h[ev]1 are n unansw]able2 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 ^! miscellanies %\ld m prop]ly be consid]$ z graphic illu/rations1 or collections ( figures1 :]e9 ! ef=ts ( ! arti/1 aid$ by sci5tific k1 are call$ =?1 to complete1 by 8 p5cil1 ! m m9ute & detail$ descriptions :i* %\ld proce$ f ! p5 ( ! monograph]4 ,! mo/ p]fect works 9 ! sci5ce are und\bt$ly ^? :i* unite ! lab\rs ( bo?2 b1 9 proportion z ?is p]fection is atta9$1 ! g5]al utility ( su* works is dim9i%$4 ,!y become s enorm\sly exp5sive1 t !y are only to be se5 9 univ]sities & pr9cely libr>ies2 = ! mo/ "p inaccessible to ! naturali/1 & ne>ly unkn[n to ! public at l>ge4 ,! works ( ,le ,vaillant1 ,desm>e/1 ,vieillot1 ,f]ussac1 & sev]al o!rs1 publi%$ 9 ,france & ,g]many1 are ( ?is description2 & :ile 9 "o s5se !y h consid]ably b5efitt$ ! sci5ce1 !y h 9 ano!r prov$ v detrim5tal to its g5]al diffusion4 ,no s5sible naturali/ w risk 8 fame1 by giv+ 8 obs]vations to ! _w1 )\t kn[+ :at has be5 done by ^? :o h prec$$ him2--until1 9 fact1 he has prop] mat]ials to "w ^u4 ,he kn[s t ^! sumptu\s au?ors %\ld be consult$2 he has n ! means ( s do+2 & he rel9qui%es 8 purpose 9 despair4 ,su* has be5 ! result 9 two or ?ree in/ances :i* ,i c\ld m5tion3 & ! p[] ( mat]ially ext5d+ ! b\nds ( sci5ce is ?us conf9$ to ^? fav\r$ few1 :o are s =tunate z to possess1 or to h ! p[] ( consult+1 ^? spl5did publications4 ,! second objection is well gr\nd$2 b 9 :atev] degree x may apply else:]e1 ,i tru/ ! foll[+ pages w ev9ce my anxiety to r5d] ! "w replete ) subjects hi!rto unkn[n or unrecord$2 & my own collections1 9 mo/ cases1 h giv5 me ample means = exam9+ & comp>+ bo? ! g5]a & species ( ne>ly all ! subjects ,i h attempt$ to illu/rate4 ,9 sev]al in/ances my op9ions w be f\nd to diff] f ^? ( _m celebrat$ naturali/s ( ! day2 b ,i h endeav\r$ to put ! read] 9 possession ( ! reasons :i* h l$ to ! conclusions ,i h adopt$4 ,?is is b ju/ice t[>ds ^? :o h prec$$ me1 & to ! great body ( naturali/s1 by :om su* que/ions w ultimately be decid$4 ,! age is pa/ :]e9 ! ipse dixit ( a great "n 0 en\gh to *eck all inquiries aft] tru?4 ,ass]tions mu/ n[ be prov$ be=e !y are admitt$3 & ^? writ]s :o lay be=e ! public tribunal ( sci5ce _! facts1 _! argum5ts1 & _! d$uctions1 c alone hope to h _! op9ions g5]ally adopt$4 ,! ?ird & la/ objection is z new z x is s+ul>2 & has be5 urg$ aga9/ ,miscellanies 9 g5]al by an anonym\s ,fr5* writ]4#a ,h[ev] an au?or may feel annoyance or disappo9tm5t1 t ano!r %\ld be ! fir/ to publi% discov]ies1 :i* he fancies belong exclusively to himself1 he surely has no title to compla94 ,! field ( ,nature is op5 to ! inquiries ( all4 ,9 h] doma9 !re are n yet e/abli%$ any sci5tific pres]ves4#b ,if occupation or indol5ce does n p]mit "o lab\r] to make kn[n 8 discov]ies1 is ano!r 7:o p]haps unconsci\sly has be5 work+ on ! same gr\nd7 to hide ! k he has ga9$8 ,?is is surely a pr9ciple at once illib]al & unju/4 ,at ?is "t1 !re is n p]haps a s+le dep>tm5t ( ,zoology :i* is n employ+ ! att5tion ( m ?an "o writ]4 ,x is to ! hon\r1 & to ! la/+ b5efit ( sci5ce1 t x %\ld be s3 & al?\gh a great "p ( ! new objects collect$ dur+ my travels 9 ,europe & ,brazil h rec5tly be5 made public by ,,mm4 ,temm9ck & ,god>t1 ,i feel rejoic$ t ?is has be5 done by su* di/+ui%$ m54 ,i h be5 induc$ to ent] 7p]haps too fully7 into a g5]al def5ce ( ,zoological miscellanies1 f ! op9ion ,i ent]ta9 ( _! great utility4 ,fir/1 9 diffus+ a g5]al k1 & excit+ a ta/e = su* pursuits among ! great mass ( read]s2 & secondly1 z be+ a prompt & int]e/+ *annel ( communicat+ new discov]ies to ! sci5tific _w4 ,_! p]iodical appe>ances & comp>ative *eapness r5d]s !m ( easy access to ! /ud5t2 &1 if well conduct$1 !y unite all t is ess5tial f ! p5 & ! p5cil4 ,sev]al =eign j\rnals h notic$ ! appe>ance ( ^! ,illu/rations1 & g5]ally 9 su* t]ms z to /amp a value on _! cont5ts4 ,"o ( ^!1 h[ev]1#c conta9s sev]al misrepres5tations1 :i* h d\btless escap$ ! notice ( ! editor2 & :i*1 !re=e1 x may be z well to expla9 9 ?is place4 ,! writ] 9 ?is j\rnal1 :ile notic+ my ,illu/rations1 seems to h mix$ up ) x criticisms int5d$ = ano!r p]iodical miscellany1#d to :i* ?is has1 p]haps1 giv5 bir?1 & :i* pr(esses to be on a simil> plan4 ,he /ates t ^! ,illu/rations are to be complet$ 9 sixty numb]s1 mak+ five volumes4 ,no su* decl>ation1 to my k1 has ev] be5 made1 al?\gh su* is ! av]r$ plan ( ! ,naturali/'s ,repository4 ,! review] goes on to /ate3 ,il suit p\r l',entomologie et la ,con*ologie la classification surannee de ,l9naeus4 ,?is is n a v respectful mode ( speak+ ( ! lab\rs ( ! greate/ naturali/ :om 8 age produc$2 b ! proposition is a total mi/ake2 ! *>ge is refut$ by almo/ e page ( my "w2 &1 :at is r extraord9>y1 by ! v quotations ( ! review]4 ,9 reply to ! regret express$1 que l'auteur n'indique pas t\j\rs les ouvrages les plus rec5s1 ,i %\ld h be5 ?ankful _h he subjo9$ :at works ^! 72 z ,i d n f9d1 9 ! mon?ly li/s ( ! ,bullet91 any "o :i* ,i h n consult$ or ref]r$ to1 if connect$ ) ! objects "h describ$4#e ,m4 de ,f]ussac's "w has be5 regul>ly cit$1 b 8 ,prodromus ,i h nev] be5 able to procure1 ei!r 9 ,engl& or ,p>is4 ,& "h ,i _c refra9 f adv]t+ to ! great numb] ( ,zoological publications :i* h appe>$ 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s2 a numb] f> exce$+ 9 proportion t ( any p]iod 9 ! annals ( ! sci5ce4 ,dr4 ,horsfield has comm5c$ a beautiful "w on ! ,animals ( ,java2 & ,mr4 ,s[]by is prosecut+ 8 ,g5]a ( ,%ells ) mu* zeal1 & ) increas$ ability4 ,bo? ^! appe> p]iodically4 ,!y are conduct$ on ! mod]n pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 & d cr$it to _! au?ors4 ,! ,naturali/'s ,repository1 be=e allud$ to1 likewise appe>s mon?ly1 b is c>ri$ on accord+ to ! ,l9naean sy/em1 pure & unadult]at$4 ,all ^!1 h[ev]1 unite 9 %[+ h[ rapidly ! ta/e = su* works has increas$4 ,add$ to ^!1 a new qu>t]ly ,j\rnal1 exclusively devot$ to ,zoology1 has be5 ann\nc$1 &1 if conduct$ on lib]al pr9ciples1 its utility w be v great4 ,b no?+1 p]haps1 has m fully ev9c$ ! /ate ( public feel+ on ?is po9t among m5 ( enlight5$ m9ds1 ?an ! discussions :i* h aris5 on ! pres5t /ate ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is a subject on :i* ,i might be tempt$ to say mu*1 did ,i n feel1 t among ^? :o d n "k me1 ,i might be suspect$ ( int]e/$ or unwor?y motives4 ,b f ! retirem5t ( a c\ntry life1 ,i may n[ be all[$ p]haps to say a few words4 ,x is inde$ mo/ true1 t1 9 ! ,zoological dep>tm5t1 ?is in/itution is a full c5tury beh9d ! re/ ( ,europe2 ,i might almo/ add1 ( ,am]ica4 ,b ! fault is deep-root$2 & does n spr+ f ! p]son 7:oev] he may be7 to :om ?is ov]:elm+ *>ge is giv54 ,x is ridicul\s to suppose t ! ex]tions ( any "o p]son 7h[ev] great 8 tal5ts1 8 zeal1 & 8 assiduity17 are suffici5t to dis*>ge ! duties ( s complicat$ an (fice4 ,su* a supposition implies ! expectation ( a moral impossibility2 & s long z su* a ,h]culean task is allott$ him1 s long w ! ,museum cont9ue1 ) little alt]ation1 9 its pres5t /ate4 ,:]e we h "o ,zoologi/1 ! museums ( ,p>is1 ,b]l91 & ,vi5na h _m2 ea* is *>g$ ) ! c>e ( "o p>ticul> bran*2 &1 by _! unit$ ef=ts1 ! :ole is display$ to ! exam9ation ( ! sci5tific1 & to ! view ( ! public4 ,ea* pr(essor has ?us leisure to prosecute ! mo/ important objects ( 8 duty2 i4 e4 to exam9e1 comp>e1 & describe1 to detect analogies1 to inve/igate aff9ities1 & to give to ! _w ! fruits ( 8 /udies4 ,to ,france m p>ticul>ly ?is hon\r is due4 ,& :at has be5 ! result8 ,:y1 t ,p>is has become ! ,zoological univ]sity ( ,europe2 & t ! pr9ciples :i* h emanat$ f x1 are n[ consid]$ ! only true ones by :i* ,nature is to be /udi$4 ,x is n my object to atta* reproa* to any body ( m5 collectively1 or to any "o individually2 b tru? is n to be conceal$4 ,e writ] :o has ! advancem5t ( 8 fav\rite /udy at he>t1 is b\nd 7h[ev] feebly7 to advocate its cause4 ,! tru? ( ! prec$+ rem>ks _c be que/ion$2 & x rema9s ) ^? 9 p[]1 to consid] well1 :e!r su* a /ate ( ?+s is consi/5t ) ! hon\r & reputation ( ! c\ntry2 ) ! ju/ice due to ^? great m5 :o f\nd$ ! in/itution2 & to ! expectations ( ! public1 by :om x is support$4 ,w>wick1 ,octob]1 #ahbc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abj ,illu/ration ,,ampull>ia corrugata1 ,wr9kl$ ,apple ,snail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ajc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a globosa1 corrugata1 olivacea2 spirae prom95tis1 acutae1 anfractibus v5tricosis2 ap]turae m>g9e crasso1 fulvo1 sulcato2 umbilico p>vo1 juxta labii int]ioris m$iam posito2 op]culo te/aceo4 ,%ell globose1 wr9kl$1 olive2 spire prom95t1 acute1 ! :orls v5tricose2 m>g9 ( ! ap]ture ?ick1 fulv\s1 groov$2 umbilicus small1 l9e>1 ne> ! middle ( ! inn] lip2 op]culum %elly4 ,helix ,ampullacea4 ,l9n4 ,gmel91 p4 #cfbf4 ,ampull>ia rugosa4 ,s[]by1 ,g5]a ( ,%ells1 fas4 #d4 fig4 #a4 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! annex$ figures ( ?is hi!rto undef9$ species w cle>ly %[ its di/9ction f ,amp4 globosa1 7pl4 #aai72 & ! specific *>act]s n[ fram$ = ^! two %ells1 w1 ,i ?9k1 suffici5tly di/+ui% !m f ea* o!r4 ,9 comp>ison ) ,a4 globosa1 ?is 7ev5 9 ! "y /ate7 is a wr9kl$1 n a smoo? %ell1 hav+ ! umbilicus plac$ ne> ! middle1 n t[>ds ! base1 ( ! inn] lip3 ! spiral :orls are elevat$ & v5tricose1 n depress$1 & slightly convex2 & ! basal volution1 in/ead ( be+ v wide on ! upp] "p1 7ne> ! suture17 is wide/ only 9 ! middle4 ,9 "y %ells1 ! wr9kles & ! m>g9at$ ap]ture are less def9$4 ,:5 dive/$ ( its epid]mis1 ! col\r is bluei% :ite1 ) a few n>r[ b&s ( obscure purple4 ,a specim5 9 my own collection has ! epid]mis s ?91 t ! col\rs b5ea? x are v conspicu\s4 ,! m\? inside is d>k *esnut1 ) blacki% b&s2 ! m>g9 be+ pale yell[ & slightly reflect$4 ,! umbilicus1 bo? 9 ?is & 9 ,a4 globosa1 is small & contract$1 :ile 9 ! real ,a4 rugosa ,lam4 7,helix urceus ,l947 x is v l>ge1 r\nd1 & deep4 ,?is latt] %ell1 also1 diff]s f bo? ( ! =m]1 by hav+ a ?91 & n a m>g9$ ap]ture4 ,mr4 ,s[]by appe>s ! only writ] :o has figur$ ?is %ell1 :i* he has mi/ak5 = ! ,a4 rugosa ( ,lam>ck4 ,i am in=m$ by ,mr4 ,humphreys x is a native ( ,india4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aba ,illu/ration ,,c9nyris ,javanica1 ,javanese ,creep]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ie4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,c4 supra nitide purpureo-a]ata1 subtus olivaceo-crocea2 scapulis1 uropygio1 /rigaque lat]ali a ro/ro ad pectus desc5d5te nitide violaceis2 jugulo ca/aneo2 cauda nigra4 ,above glossy metallic purple2 b5ea? olive yell[2 scapul>s1 rump1 & lat]al /ripe f ! bill to ! brea/1 %9+ violet2 ?roat *esnut2 tail black4 ,nect>9ia ,javanica4 ,horsfield 9 ,l9n4 ,tran4 vol4 #ac4 i4 p4 #afg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"u ! full conviction t nature has def9$1 9 ! mo/ complete mann]1 ! geographic limits ( ! v>i\s tribes ( birds subsi/+ on vegetable juices1 ,i am p>ticul>ly anxi\s to rectify any mi/akes t may %ake ?is hypo!sis1 9 :i* ,i f9d myself support$1 9 ! fulle/ mann]1 by ! op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,temm9ck1 9 ! la/ edition ( 8 ,manuel4 ,dr4 ,horsfield1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! birds ( ,java1 describes two species "u ! names ( ,nect>9ia ,javanica & ,pectoralis4 ,x happ5s1 h[ev]1 t specim5s ( bo? ^! birds are 9 my own cab9et1 & h enabl$ me to asc]ta9 t !y are bo? decid$ species ( ,c9nyris1 p]fectly agree+ ) ! *>act]s laid d[n by ,cuvi]1 ,temm9ck1 & myself1 = ?is gr\p4 ,x is difficult to say h[ ?is ov]sight has occurr$1 because ,dr4 ,h41 j be=e1 introduces ! g5us ,c9nyris1 & describes "u x two new species4 ,9 %ort1 no d\bt rema9s 9 my own m9d1 t ,c9nyris is a g5us z /rictly conf9$ to ! tropical latitudes ( ! old1 z ,nect>9ia is to ! new _w4 ,! figure is ! size ( life2 ! outl9e ( ! bill w illu/rate ! g5]ic *>act]s1 ( :i* "o ( ! mo/ important is ! no/rils4 ,no?+ c exce$ ! ri*ness & v>iety ( t9ts ) :i* ?is spl5did little creature is ornam5t$2 p>ticul>ly on ! head1 :i* is gloss$ alt]nately ) lilac1 sea-gre51 & violet1 & appe>s z if cov]$ ) "s metallic sub/ance2 ! blue on ! w+s1 back1 & edges ( ! tail is v deep1 %9+1 & gloss$ ) purple2 all ! w+-fea!rs are edg$ ) olive1 & "s ( ! less] quills ) *esnut4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abb ,illu/ration ,,a*at9a virg9ea1 v>4 ,common ,/rip$ ,a*at9a1 v>4 #b & #c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #cj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a elongata1 fasciis num]osis nigris1 viridibus et flavis ornata2 anfractus basalis latitud9e altitud9em sup]ante2 ap]tura rotundata2 labio ext]iore integro2 basi pr(unde em>g9ata4 ,v>4 #b4 te/a fasciis fuscis ornata2 labio int]iore albo4 ,v>4 #c4 te/a fasciis rufis ornata2 labio int]iore roseo4 ,%ell elongat$1 ) cr[d$ b&s ( black1 gre51 & yell[2 basal volution broad] ?an high2 ap]ture r\nd$2 out] lip entire2 base deeply not*$4 ,bulla virg9ea4 ,gm4 #cdbi4 ,*emnitz1 #i4 t4 #aag4 f4 #ajjj1 #a4 ,dill4 #dia4 ,bulimus virg9eus4 ,brug4 p4 #cfc4--,li/]1 #ae4 #aj4 ,seba1 t4 #dj4 f4 #ch4 ,f]rusac1 pl4 #abj4 f4 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,v>4 #b4 ,%ell b&$ ) br[n2 inn] lip :ite4 ,f]rusac1 t4 #abj4 f4 #b4 ,v>4 #c4 ,%ell b&$ ) ruf\s2 inn] lip rosy4 ,*emnitz1 #aj4 #agc4 f4 #afhb1 #afhc1 7rev]s$47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! %ell g5]ally kn[n z ! ,a*4 virg9ea 7,bulla virg9ea ,l947 is s common1 t few collectors d n possess x4 ,! v>ieties1 h[ev]1 ( ?is species are r>e1 & diff] s rem>kably 9 _! col\r+1 z to require illu/ration4 ,sev]al k9dr$ species ( ?is family ,i h already describ$2 & on ! same pr9ciple ( e/abli%+ specific di/9ctions f =mation in/ead ( col\r1 ,i %all n[ endeav\r to po9t out ^? *>act]s :i* are common1 m or less1 to all ! v>ieties ( ?is species1 & :i* di/+ui% x f its allies4 ,a4 virg9ea may be kn[n by ! comp>ative %ortness ( ! basal :orl1 :i* 9 g5]al is broad] ?an high2 ! m>g9 ( ! out] lip is entire1 & slop+ 9 an oblique direction2 ! ap]ture is wide1 & ne>ly r\nd2 ! l[] "p ( ! columella takes a concave direction1 & betwe5 its base & t ( ! out] lip is a v deep not*4 ,! basal :orl is s broad t ! %ell1 if plac$ on a table ) its m\? d[nw>ds1 w rema9 erect4 ,bo? ^! & ! two next v>ieties are 9 ,mr4 ,dubois' cab9et4 ,_! locality is unkn[n2 b my "y fri5d1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,p>kes1 has rec5tly s5t me %ells ( ! common v>iety1 f\nd by himself ne> ,k+/on1 ,jamaica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abc ,illu/ration ,,a*at9a virg9ea1 v>4 #c & #d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #cj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #abb4 ,a4 virg9ea1 v>4 #c4 te/a ampliore1 albesc5te1 fasciis rufis nigrisque ornata2 ap]tura purpurea2 labio int]iore albo4 ,v>4 #d4 te/a ampliore1 alba1 fasciis #c angu/is1 fuscis ornata2 ap]tura labioque int]iore albis2 anfractu basali m$io subc>9ato4 ,a4 virg9ea1 v>4 #c4 ,%ell l>g]1 :iti%1 ) ruf\s & black b&s1 ap]ture purple2 inn] lip :ite4 ,middle figures4 ,v>4 #d4 ,%ell l>g]1 :ite1 ) ?ree n>r[ br[n b&s2 ap]ture & inn] lip :ite2 basal :orl 9 ! middle slightly c>9at$4 ,upp] & l[] figures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! two v>ieties ( ,a4 virg9ea on ?is plate1 are /ill m remov$ f ! type ( ! species ?an ^? la/ figur$2 !y are bo? mu* l>g] 9 size1 & v>4 #d pres5ts a slight diff]5ce ( =mation1 9 hav+ ! basal volution some:at c>9at$ r\nd ! middle2 b z 9 e o!r ess5tial "* x agrees ) ! re/1 ,i h refra9$ f sep>at+ x z a di/9ct species4 ,! f\r v>ieties ,i h n[ illu/rat$ ( ,a*4 virg9ea1 t5d to e/abli%1 9 a v complete mann]1 ! correctness ( ! pr9ciples on :i* ,i h fram$ ! specific *>act]s ( ?is g5us2 "h are f\r %ells1 ) a total diff]5ce 9 ! col\r+ ( ea*1 yet all agree+ 9 ! same =mation4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ likewise1 t ,a4 pallida1 figur$ at pl4 #da ( ?is "w1 & ,a4 virg9ea1 v>4 #d1 are ne>ly ! same 9 col\r1 :ile 9 =mation !y are completely at v>iance4 ,i d n ?9k x has be5 hi!rto rem>k$1 t ! elegant gre5 l9es :i* ornam5t ! common v>iety1 are only ext]nal2 !y resemble1 9 ?is respect1 ! epid]mis ( o!r %ells1 = !y may be tak5 (f by a knife )\t any injury to ! enamel4 ,m4 ,f]rusac has figur$ sev]al o!r v>ieties 9 8 beautiful "w on ,l& ,%ells4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abd ,illu/ration ,,lic9ia ,crisia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 mas4 ,alis anticis falcato-acum9atis1 fuscis1 fascia m$ia m>g9eque po/ico flavo2 po/icis infra flavesc5tibus colore griseo v>iis1 basi maculis #d fulvis4 ,fem4 ,alis infra alb5tibus colore griseo v>iis2 anticis integris1 supra fuscis1 fascia m$ia m>g9eque po/ico alb5tibus2 po/ic>um basi maculis #d fulvis4 ,male4 ,ant]ior w+s angulat$1 br[n1 ) a c5tral b& & h9d m>g9 yell[2 po/]ior b5ea? yell[i% m>bl$ ) grey1 base ) #d fulv\s spots4 ,female4 ,ant]ior w+s entire1 above br[n1 ) a c5tral b& & h9d m>g9 :iti%2 all ! w+s b5ea? :iti% m>bl$ ) grey2 base ( ! po/]ior ) #d fulv\s spots4 ,pi]is ,crisia4 ,god>t4 ,en4 ,me?4 p4 #aig4 ,male4 ,drury1 v4 #c4 pl4 #cg4 f4 #a4 #b8 99 99 99 99 99 ,! extraord9>y diff]5ce exi/+ betwe5 ! sexes ( exotic ,lepidopt]a1 & p>ticul>ly among ! ,butt]flies1 7,papilionidae ,l947 is a subject :i* hi!rto has receiv$ b little att5tion2 nor am ,i aw>e ( any entomological writ] :o has describ$ ^? *>act]s :i* absolutely di/+ui% ! sexes3 *>act]s :i*1 ,i am p]suad$1 w h]eaft] be f\nd ( ! fir/ importance 9 a natural arrangem5t ( ^! insects4 ,b 9 ! prosecution ( ?is desirable object1 ! naturali/1 z f> z reg>ds =eign ,lepidopt]a1 w h to enc\nt] s]i\s ob/acles2 _m individuals mu/ be exam9$ ( ea* species1 & "s ( ^! dissect$4 ,x falls to ! lot ( few to pursue _! inquiries 9 ! native regions ( ^! insects4 ,collections 9 ?is c\ntry are v few1 & "s ( ^! are n always op5 to ! sci5tific lab\r]2 nei!r c specim5s be sacrific$ = dissection1 :]e !re are n m ?an two or ?ree individuals ( a species4 ,?is is 9 g5]al a v r>e insect2 obs]v$ = ! fir/ "t by ,dr4 ,langsdorff & myself e>ly 9 ,june 7! tropical autumn71 9 a wood adjo9+ ! ,organ ,m\nta9s at ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,f its local abundance1 we 7 able to asc]ta9 ! sexes4 ,! two upp] figures are ( ! female1 & ! l[] ( ! male insect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abe ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,n]ius4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 7,gr4 ,ecaud47 ,alis nigris1 fascia communi maculisque viridibus2 po/icis d5tatis brevit] caudatis2 8 subtus fascia sub>g5tea1 m>g9ali1 n]vis divisa4 ,god>t4 ,p4 7,gr4 ,ecaud47 ,w+s black1 ) spots & a common b& ( gre52 po/]ior w+s d5tat$1 obsoletely tail$1 b5ea? ) a silv]y m>g9al b&1 divid$ by ! n]ves4 ,p4 ,nireus4 ,fab4 ,sys4 ,ent4 #c4 p4 #cf4 ,god>t ,ency4 ,me?4 #i4 #a4 p4 #dh4 ,drury #b4 pl4 #d4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,cram]1 p4 #ahg4 ,a4 ,b4 7mas47 pl4 #cgh4 ,f4 ,g4 7fem47 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h figur$ ?is insect1 pr9cipally because x w fully illu/rate ! fir/ section 7a47 9 ! arrangem5t ( ?is beautiful family propos$ at plate #ib4 ,! two divisions !re adopt$1 aft] ! mann] ( ,l9naeus1 7,graeci et ,trojani7 ,i am fully aw>e1 are purely artificial2 b ! facility ?is di/ribution w give to ! /ud5t1 9 se>*+ aft] a p>ticul> species1 is s obvi\s1 t x ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out4 ,i h only _h ! opportunity ( exam9+ ! individual f :i* ! figure 0 tak54 ,x is a male1 hav+ ! anal valves r l5g!n$ & obtuse1 ) a small hook betwe5 !m1 :i* projects f ! la/ segm5t ( ! abdom54 ,?is circum/ance proves ! error ( ,cram]1 9 hav+ mi/ak5 ! sexes ( ?is species1 bo? ( :i* he seems to h figur$4 ,t :i* ,i appreh5d is ! female 7,cram]1 pl4 #cgh1 fig4 ,f4 ,g47 ,i h n myself se54 ,! blue-gre5 on ! upp] surface ( ! w+s is v respl5d5t & *angeable1 & ! palpi & ?orax b5ea? are cov]$ ) num]\s :iti% spots4 ,on ! "u side ( ! inf]ior w+s1 ne> _! base1 is a pal] b&1 ray$ ) ! n]ves1 & 9 "s lights %9+ ) a pale silv]y reflection4 ,mr4 ,smea?man s5t ?is species f ,si]ra ,leone1 9 ,africa1 to ,mr4 ,drury4 ,! locality1 !re=e1 ( ,india1 giv5 by ,l9naeus & ,fabricius1 mu/ be incorrect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abf ,illu/ration ,,conus vitul9us1 v>4 ,orange ,fox ,cone1,br[n-tipp'd v>iety4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,c4 te/a fulva seu fusca1 fasciis #b int]ruptis ornata2 spirae brevis1 levatae1 conicae1 maculatae anfractibus concavis1 subgranose /riatis2 basi granosa1 alba4 ,v>4 te/a flavesc5te1 fasciis obscuris1 subalbidis ornata2 basi rufa4 7,fig4 nos47 ,%ell fulv\s or br[n1 ) #b int]rupt$ :ite b&s2 spire %ort1 elevat$1 conic1 spott$1 volutions concave ) subgranulat$ /riae2 base granulat$1 :ite4 ,conus vitul9us4 ,brug4 p4 #fdh4 ,lam>ck4 ,ann4 #ae4 p4 #bfe4 ,knorr4 vol4 #e4 tab4 #a4 fig4 #d 7optime74 ,dillwyn #cgg4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #dfg4 #ee4 ,v>4 ,%ell yell[i%1 ) obscure :iti% b&s2 ! base ruf\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i receiv$ ?is v uncommon %ell f ! ,isl& ( ,amboyna2 & al?\gh 9 size & col\r x is widely diff]5t f ! usual appe>ance ( ,c4 vitul9us1 ,i h no hesitation 9 consid]+ x z a rem>kable v>iety only ( t species4 ,c4 vitul9us 9 g5]al is a small %ell4 ,! be/ repres5tation ( x ,i h se5 is giv5 by ,knorr2 an au?or n 9 g5]al v accurate 9 8 figures4 ,x v>ies consid]ably 9 col\r1 & approa*es v ne> to ,c4 vulp9us ,lam4 f :i* x pr9cipally diff]s 9 hav+ an elevat$1 ?\gh %ort1 spire1 in/ead ( "o ne>ly flat3 ! base is granulat$1 & g5]ally :ite2 ,c4 vulp9us also has ! body :orl c>9at$ & ?icke/ r\nd ! upp] m>g91 :]eas1 9 ,vitul9us1 x is g5tly swell$ 9 ! middle4 ,m4 ,lam>ck is1 ,i ?9k1 mi/ak5 9 ! synonyms ( ?is %ell1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! ,ency4 ,me?4 plate #cbf1 fig4 #b & #d44 ,! %ell at fig4 #h4 appe>s to me z ! granulat$ v>iety ( ,c4 vulp9us4 ,inhabits ! ,asiatic ,ocean4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abg ,illu/ration ,,conus ,maldivus1 ,spani% ,admiral ,cone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,c4 te/a laevi1 po/ice gracili f]rug9ea1 maculis albis subtrigonis1 c+ulisque num]osis fuscis1 albo punctatis1 ornata2 basi nigra2 spirae brevis apice acuto1 anfractibus laevibus1 planis4 ,%ell smoo?1 po/]ior end sl5d]1 f]rug9\s1 ) angul> :ite spots1 & :ite b&s dott$ ) br[n2 base black2 spire %ort1 tip acute1 ! :orls smoo? & flat4 ,c4 ,maldivus4 ,brug4 7#aghi47 p4 #fdd4 ,lam4 ,ann4 v4 #ae4 p4 #bfd4 ,c4 ,jaspideus4 ,humphreys 9 ,mus4 ,cal4 7#agig7 p4 #ab4 ,no4 #ahe4 ,conus ,g5]alis4 ,v>4 ,b4 ,dillwyn4 #eci4 #aa4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #dfe4 #ej4 ,v>4 #a4 ,b& 9 ! middle n>r[2 upp] figure4 ,ency4 ,me?4 pl4 #cbe4 fig4 #f4 ,v>4 #b4 ,b& broad]2 l[] figure4 ,v>4 #c4 ,b& v broad1 ) dott$ transv]se l9es2 middle figure4 ,seba4 pl4 #ed4 fig4 #aa4 #ab4 ,ency4 ,me?4 pl4 #cbe4 fig4 #e4 #g4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! g5]al simil>ity exi/+ betwe5 ! ,spani% ,admiral1 & two o!r cones1 figur$ 9 ?is "w1 ,i h be=e allud$ to2 x has be5 plac$ by ! ,l9naean writ]s z a v>iety ( ,c4 ,g5]alis1 f :i*1 h[ev]1 x inv>iably diff]s1 9 be+ a mu* ?ick] %ell1 ) a %ort] spire1 & ! :orls )\t any concavity4 ,! col\r ( ! two species v>ies consid]ably 9 diff]5t individuals1 b ,c4 ,maldivus is always de/itute ( ! d>k br[n longitud9al /ripes at ! top ( ! body :orl1 peculi> to ,c4 ,g5]alis2 ! :ite b&s are ei!r brok5 into some:at triangul> spots1 or are b&$ ) m9ute dots2 ^! triangul> :ite spots are sometimes scatt]$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! %ell1 & ! :ite b& 9 ! middle v>ies mu* 9 bread?2 ( all ! v>ieties ,i h yet se51 ! middle figure is t :i* makes ! ne>e/ approa* to ,c4 ,g5]alis4 ,! v applicable "n giv5 to ?is %ell by ,mr4 ,humphreys1 9 ! ,museum ,calonnianum1 ,i %\ld h adopt$1 _h n ,brugui]e previ\sly affix$ to x t ( ,maldivus1 z be+ a native ( ! ,maldivian ,isl&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abh ,illu/ration ,,conus ,maldivus1 v>4 ,spani% ,admiral ,cone1,*esnut v>iety4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #fe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #abg4 ,conus ,maldivus4 ,v>4 ,b4 te/a ca/anea1 fascia albesc5te m$ia angu/a ornata2 anfractus basalis basi et m>g9e albis4 ,v>4 ,b4 ,*esnut1 ) a n>r[ :iti% b& 9 ! middle2 base & m>g9 ( ! body :orl :ite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z a fur!r illu/ration ( ! la/ plate1 ,i h be5 induc$ to figure ?is v r>e v>iety1 f a specim5 ,i met ) at ,mrs4 ,mawe's4 ,9 ! disposition ( its m>k+s1 x approa*es ne> to ! %ell repres5t$ 9 ! ,ency4 ,me?4 plate #cbe1 f4 #f1 b ! :ite b& 9 ! middle is n>r[]1 & q de/itute ( ! circul> dott$ l9es !re express$4 ,no %ells require a great] accuracy ( del9eation ?an ! ,cones1 p>ticul>ly 9 express+ ! peculi>ity 9 ! =m & sculpture ( _! spires4 ,i am well p]suad$ t a great numb] ( ! mi/akes committ$ by au?ors h orig9at$ 9 ! wret*$ figures conta9$ 9 ,favanne's "w1 & 9 ! e>ly volumes ( ,m>t9i4 ,^? ( ,favanne are g5]ally s loose & inaccurate1 7al?\gh rem>kably well engrav$17 t ,i d n wi%1 by quot+1 to make !m any au?ority2 & mo/ ( ! ,cones figur$ by ,m>t9i are equally bad4 ,brugui]e & ,lam>ck h bo? giv5 ! "* ( spira canaliculata to ?is species1 :i* is altoge!r a mi/ake4 ,! spiral :orls are all b p]fectly flat1 & ! suture is q clos$ up1 al?\gh sometimes unev52 orig9at+1 z 9 _m o!r %ells1 ei!r f ! inequalities ( gr[?1 or f an accid5tal sea-break1 :i* ! animal may h repair$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #abi ,illu/ration ,,melliphaga torquata1 ,:ite-coll>$ ,honeysuck]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #dc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,m4 olivaceo-fulva1 infra alba2 capite auribusque nigris2 torque nu*ali lunato1 albo2 sup]ciliorum cute rubra4 ,fulv\s olive1 b5ea? :ite2 head & e>s black2 nape ) a :ite cresc5t1 sk9 ( ! eyebr[s r$4 ,black-cr[n$ ,honeysuck]4 ,lew9's ,birds ( ,n4 ,holl&1 pl4 #bd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an elegant1 ?\gh n a ri*ly col\r$ bird2 rem>kable = ! bright r$ ( ! sk9 above ! eyes1 & ! milk-:ite coll> at ! back ( ! head4 ,x is f ,new ,holl&1 &1 l o!rs ( its tribe1 d]ives its n\ri%m5t *iefly f ! nect> ( fl[]s2 z m p>ticul>ly m5tion$ 9 my fir/ obs]vations on ?is g5us at pl4 #dc4 ,! figure is ( ! natural size3 except+ ! cr[n & sides ( ! head 7:i* are deep black71 ! :ole upp] plumage is olive yell[3 ! %\ld]s1 quills1 & tail br[n2 ! two latt] m>g9$ ) olive1 b ! ext]ior quills ) :ite3 ! ?roat1 brea/1 & coll> r\nd ! nape pure :ite2 sk9 ( ! eyebr[s r$4 ,! ,lunat$ ,creep] ( ,dr4 ,%aw 7,le ,fuscalb5 ( ,vieillot1 ,c]?4 pl4 #fa4 p4 #abb47 is1 ,i appreh5d1 a di/9ct species4 ,x is describ$ z be+ c9namon br[n above1 ) a bright r$ spot ( fea!rs beh9d ! eye4 ,9 ! temp]ate climate ( ,new ,holl&1 t v>iation f ! usual col\r+ ( p>ticul> species1 s frequ5t 9 tropical birds1 is seldom met )2 nei!r c ^! two birds be sexes ( "o species1 because ,lew91 :o wrote on ! spot1 p>ticul>ly rem>ks t ! female ( ?is is l ! male2 he fur!r adds1 x is f\nd ne> ,p>amatta1 & ! ,hawkesbury riv]1 9 ?ick bu%y woods4 ,lew9's figure is s excell5t1 t ,i %\ld n aga9 h repres5t$ ?is bird1 _h n ! plate be5 prep>$ previ\s to ! publication ( 8 "w4 ,! outl9e figure ( ! bill w %[ m cle>ly ! uncommon l5g? ( ! no/rils1 a "* :i* is peculi> to ?is g5us4 ,pl4 #acj ,illu/ration ,pl4 #aca ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,t4 viridi-aureus1 subtus canus2 remigum primorum 79 m>ibus7 scapis dilatato-incurvatis2 rectricium p5nis #d m$iis viridibus apice nigro1 lat]alibus albis basi nigra2 ro/ro vix recto4 ,gold5 gre51 b5ea? grey2 great] quills 79 ! male7 ) ! %afts dilat$ & incurv$4 ,f\r middle tail-fea!rs gre5 tipp$ ) black1 lat]al fea!rs :ite ) a black base2 bill ne>ly /raight4 ,t4 latip5nis4 ,la?4 ,94 ,orn4 #a4 p4 #caj4 ,g54 ,zool4 #h4 #a4 #cah4 ,t4 campylopt]us4 ,gm4 ,sys4 ,nat4 #dii4 n4 #fe4 ,l',o4 m\*e a l>ges tuyaux4 ,vieillot ,ois4 ,d'or4 p4 #ba4 p4 #ei4 ,broad-%aft$ ,h4 ,bird4 ,la?4 ,syn4 v4 #b4 p4 #gfe4 ,g54 ,zool4 #h4 #cah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! op9ion ,i express$ on ! unusual =mation ( ! w+s 9 two species ( ,humm+-birds1 figur$ at pl4 #hc & #ajg1 appe>s to receive ! fulle/ confirmation f ! birds "h repres5t$4 ,"o ( ^! 7pl4 #aca7 is cle>ly ! ,t4 latip5nis1 or ,broad-%aft$ ,humm+-bird ( au?ors2 :ile ! o!r pres5ts n ! slighte/ diff]5ce except 9 ! %afts ( ! quills1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ ?ick5$ & dilat$1 are ( ! ord9>y size4 ,n hav+ myself dissect$ ^! birds1 ,i _c decid$ly say !y are male & female2 b ,i ?9k no reasonable d\bt c rema9 t su* is ! fact1 & t ^! s+ul> quill-fea!rs are *>act]i/ic only ( ! male sex4 ,bo? ! birds are repres5t$ ! size ( life1 & may be includ$ 9 "o description3 ! upp] plumage obscure bluei% gre51 gloss$ ) a copp]y or gold5 t+e & %ad$ ) br[n1 ! plumage b5ea? entirely grey2 e>s & sides ( ! neck ! same1 ! latt] ) "s spots ( gre5i%4 ,tail l>ge1 ev51 & broad2 ! two middle fea!rs gre51 tipt 79 ! male7 ) blacki%2 ! next pair black1 ) ! base gre51 & ! extreme po9ts :iti%2 ! rema9d] black1 ) _! ends m or less :ite4 ,w+s violet br[n1 ! %afts ( ! ?ree out] quills1 9 ! male1 dilat$ & compress$1 b simple 9 ! female4 ,said to inhabit ,cay5ne4 ,al?\gh ! bill ( ?is species is all b /raight1 x belongs naturally to ! curv$-bill division4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #acb ,illu/ration ,,macroglossum annulosum1 ,upp] figure 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #fd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,m4 alis nigris1 anticis fasciis #b hyal9e maculatis ornatis2 abdom9is nigri1 segm5to t]tio niveo4 ,w+s black1 ant]ior ) two b&s ( hyal9e spots2 abdom5 black1 ! ?ird segm5t sn[y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an elegant insect2 s closely alli$ to ,sph9x ,tantalus1 ,l94 7,drury1 v4 #a4 pl4 #bf4 f4 #e47 z to excite a d\bt if x %\ld be consid]$ z a sep>ate species4 ,drury's figure & description1 h[ev]1 ( t insect1 induce me to ?9k !y are mo/ probably di/9ct4 ,s4 ,tantalus is )\t ! two b&s ( hyal9e spots1 & is mu* small] 9 size4 ,9 ?is insect are ?ree small1 :ite1 sn[y dots1 on ! sides ( ! l[] segm5ts ( ! abdom51 & ! same b5ea?3 ! anal segm5t is grey2 ) ! m>g91 & spot 9 ! middle1 black4 ,inhabits ,brazil1 b is a r>e insect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,macroglossum fasciatum1 ,l[] figure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 alis nigricantibus1 anticis fusco v>iis1 po/icis /riga aurantiaca c5trali ornatis2 ?orace grisea2 corporis lat]ibus1 maculis aurantiacis1 nigris et pallide fulvis insignibus2 ant5nis gracilibus2 unco producto4 ,w+s blacki%1 ant]ior v>iegat$ ) br[n1 po/]ior ) a c5tral orange /ripe2 ?orax grey1 sides ( ! body ) orange1 black1 & pale yell[ spots2 ant5nae sl5d]1 hook l5g!n$4 ,sph9x ceculus4 ,cram]1 pl4 #adf4 f4 ,g4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is ano!r ,brazilian species1 mu* m frequ5t ?an ! la/4 ,9 ,cram]1 at pl4 #adf1 g4 is figur$ an insect "u ! "n ( ,ceculus1 :i* no au?or appe>s to h quot$2 b :i* 7mis]ably inaccurate z x is71 ,i h no d\bt ! arti/ int5d$ z a repres5tation ( ?is insect2 p>ticul>ly z ,cram]'s description1 ?\gh %ort1 is v applicable4 ,! col\rs b5ea? are uni=m d>k br[n2 ! ?orax1 legs1 & base ( ! w+s1 :iti%2 ne> ! ext]ior m>g9 ( ! sup]ior w+s is a small :ite dot1 & two o!rs on ea* side ( ! middle segm5ts ( ! body4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #acc ,illu/ration ,,!cla ,mac>ia1 ,*esnut-spott$ ,hair-,/reak4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #fi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,t4 alis supra fuscis2 anticis ad bas9 ca]uleis1 infra f]rug9eis1 punctis #b m$iis nigris ornatis2 po/icis infra ca/aneis1 antice pallidioribus1 maculo nigro ad bas9 ornatis4 ,w+s above br[n2 ant]ior blue at ! base1 b5ea? f]rug9\s1 ) two c5tral black spots2 po/]ior b5ea? *esnut1 pal] on ! =e "p1 ) a black spot ne> ! base4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h select$ ?is insect z "o ( ! r>e/ among a va/ numb] ( species ( ?is elegant tribe1 collect$ dur+ my travels 9 ,brazil4 ,two specim5s ( ! male1 & "o ( ! female insect1 7 captur$ 9 ! woods ne> ,p]nambuco1 9 lat4 #h;deg #ab' ,s4 ,! male insects1 9 ! majority ( ! ,hair-,/reaks1 h ei!r a velvet or eye-l spot 9 ! middle ( ! ant]ior w+s1 adjo9+ _! out] m>g92 ^! spots are )\t lu/re1 & frequ5tly appe> z if caus$ by be+ rubb$3 ! col\rs1 likewise1 on ! upp] surface ( ! w+s 9 ! males1 g5]ally diff] f ^? ( ! females4 ,w+s br[n2 ant]ior1 ) ! half next ! base blue2 c5tral spot blacki%1 enclos+ an obscure eye-l spot m>g9$ ) grey1 ! pupil black ) a :ite dot4 ,po/]ior w+s two-tail$2 ext]ior tail v %ort1 int]ior l5g!n$2 anal angle two-lob$1 m>g9 :iti%4 ,ant]ior w+s b5ea?1 pale *esnut br[n1 tips *esnut2 9 ! middle are two black dots1 "o ( :i* is small2 above ^! are ?ree o!rs1 :i* =m a %ort transv]se l9e unit$ to ! m>g94 ,po/]ior w+s b5ea?1 d>k *esnut2 ) two c5tral blacki% dots 9 ! middle2 bel[ are two undulat$ br[n l9es1 p>allel to ! po/]ior m>g92 ! ant]ior m>g9 pale1 ) a l>ge black dot ne> ! base2 anal angle1 cl\d$ ) grey & tipt ) a black spot3 ano!r spot is also at ! base ( ! ext]ior tail4 ,9 ! female1 all ! w+s above are br[n1 ) a pale blue base2 b ! "u surface1 except 9 be+ pal]1 resembles t ( ! male4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #acd ,illu/ration ,,/rombus exu/us1 ,burnt1 or ,purple-m\!d ,/rombus--7,upp] figure47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 te/a nodosa2 labio int]iore albo1 laevi2 labii ext]ioris inflexi1 supra s9uati1 intus purpureo-atri1 /riati2 lobo basali ed5tulo4 ,%ell nodul\s2 inn] lip smoo?1 :iti%2 out] lip inflect$1 above s9uat$1 )9 /riat$1 blacki% purple2 basal lobe n too!d4 ,"y4 ,s4 papilio4 ,*em4 x4 t4 #aeh4 f4 #aeaj1 #aa4 ,dillw4 #ffa4 #abj4 #aa4 ,adult4 ,/rombus exu/us4 ,humphreys 9 ,mus4 ,cal4 p4 #ch4 n4 #gad4 ,s4 l5tig9osus4 ,m>t9i1 iii4 t4 #hj4 f4 #hbe1 #hbf4 ,gmel94 #ceaj4 7v>4 beta47 ,dillwyn4 #ffj4 ,seba1 t4 #eb4 f4 #ag4 #ah4 ,knorr4 #c4 t4 #bf4 f4 #b4 #c8 99 99 99 99 99 ,specim5s n[ be=e me prove t ! ,s4 papilio ( ,*emnitz is a "y %ell ( ,s4 exu/us1 a species nam$ by ,mr4 ,humphreys 9 ! ,calonne ,catalogue1 & describ$ 9 8 own manuscripts4 ,9 a "y /ate1 ! ap]ture is smoo? & ne>ly :ite1 b :5 full gr[n1 ! out] lip is /rongly /riat$1 & ! ap]ture r$di% purple1 d>k r$1 or r$di% *esnut3 ! out] lip is b slightly s9uat$ above1 & ! basal lobe nev] too!d1 z 9 ! next species4 ,inhabits ! isl& ( ,haynam1 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & is v r>e4 ,describ$ by ,lam>ck 7,sy/4 #g4 p4 #baa7 "u ! "n ( ,s4 ,papilio4 ,! fir/ ( ^! names1 h[ev]1 has ! "r ( priority4 7,see ,mus4 ,cal4 #agig47 ,! figures ( ,m>t9i1 tom4 #c4 tab4 #h4 f4 #hbe1 #hbf1 cle>ly repres5t ?is species2 al?\gh ,lam>ck has quot$ !m = ,s4 l5tig9osus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/rombus l5tig9osus1 ,tub]culat$ ,/rombus 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4 te/a nodosa2 labii ext]ioris supra rotundati ad spiram annexi1 pr(unde bilobati1 m>g9e crasso inflexo1 sub-nodoso2 lobo basali d5tato2 ap]tura laevi4 ,%ell nodul\s1 out] lip above r\nd$1 atta*$ to ! spire1 deeply bilobat$1 m>g9 ?ick1 inflex$1 slightly nodul\s2 basal lobe too!d2 ap]ture smoo?4 ,"y4 ,seba1 t4 #fb4 f4 #cg4 #dj4 optime4 ,m>t9i1 #c4 t4 #hi4 f4 #hga4 t4 #ia4 f4 #hia4 #hib8 ,li/]1 #hic4 #ab8 ,adult4 ,s4 l5tig9osus4 ,gmel91 #ceaj4 ,dillwyn4 #ffj4 ,m>t9i1 #c4 t4 #ha4 f4 #hbg1 #hbh4 ,seba1 #fb4 f4 #aa4 #cj4 7optime47 ,li/]1 #hfa4 #ah4 ,gualt4 #cb4 f4 ,a4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bjc4 ,knorr1 #c4 tab4 #ac1 f4 #b4 ,lam>ck has omitt$ to quote any ( ! figures repres5t+ ! "y %ells ( ?is & ! foll[+ species4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is common %ell requires little description1 & is only introduc$ to contra/ m fully ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two species3 ! upp] "p ( ! lip has two deep not*es1 :i* =m ?ree prom95t lobes2 ! basal lobe is too!d1 simil> to ! ,pt]oc]ae3 ! ap]ture 79 ^? %ells f ! ,ea/ ,indies7 is light p9k inside4 ,a l>ge & f9e v>iety comes f ! ,mauritia isl&s1 hav+ ! m\? )9 pale gold5 yell[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #ace ,illu/ration ,,/rombus tricornis1 ,horn$ ,/rombus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 te/a pond]osa1 nodis longitud9alit] compressis armata2 labio ext]iore inflexo1 m>g9e crasso1 supra att5uato et ultra spiram producto2 canali truncato4 ,%ell pond]\s1 ) longitud9ally compress$ nodules2 out] lip inflex$1 ! m>g9 ?ick1 above att5uat$ & produc$ beyond ! spire2 *annel truncat$4 ,9 "y /ages ( gr[?4 ,seba1 pl4 #fb4 f4 #cf1 #aj4 ,m>t9i #c4 tab4 #ia4 f4 #hij4 tab4 #he4 f4 #hdg4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bja4 ,v>4 ,a4 ,%ell :iti%1 out] lip mu* produc$4 ,upp] figure4 ,m>t9i1 vol4 #c4 tab4 #hd4 f4 #hdd1 #hde4 ,sw4 ,ex4 ,con*4 "p #d4 ,v>4 ,b4 ,%ell v>i$ ) *esnut1 out] lip %ort]4 ,l[] figure4 ,ency4 ,me?4 t4 #djh4 f4 #a4 t4 #dji4 f4 #b4 ,m>t9i1 #c4 tab4 #hd4 f4 #hdc4 ,li/]1 #hga4 f4 #be4 #hgc4 f4 #bi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m>t9i 0 ! fir/ con*ological writ] :o sep>at$ ?is species f ! ,/rombus ,gallus ( ,l9naeus2 "u :i* "n are includ$ ?ree %ells1 s rem>kably diff]5t f ea* o!r1 t !y h>dly possess a s+le "* 9 common4 ,! orig9al "n ( ,l9naeus ,i h reta9$ to t species figur$ by ,seba1 tab4 #fb4 fig4 #a & #b1 & by myself 9 ,exotic ,con*ology1 ,"p #d4 ,/rombus tricornis1 al?\gh figur$1 has nev] yet1 ,i believe1 be5 def9$4 ,two v>ieties ( ?is %ell are met )2 "o hav+ ! att5uat$ process ( ! lip mu* produc$1 ! m>g9s fold$ inw>d1 & ! tip some:at spatulate1 or spoon-%ap$3 ! col\r ( ?is v>iety is g5]ally :ite1 slightly v>igat$ ) br[n /ripes or irregul> spots4 ,a v f9e specim5 ( ?is v>iety1 hav+ ^! *>act]s rem>kably develop$1 is 9 my own cab9et1 & is figur$ 9 ,exotic ,con*ology1 "p #d4 ,! second v>iety has ! process ( ! lip %ort]1 & ! m>g9s n fold$2 ! col\r usually br[ni%1 ri*ly cl\d$ & v>iegat$ ) *esnut2 ! ap]ture )9 is t+$ ) pale r$ or rosy2 b t ( ! o!r v>iety is pure :ite4 ,i believe ?is species inhabits ! coa/s ( ,am]ica2 x is a heavy %ell1 & sometimes measures sev5 in*es 9 extreme l5g?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #acf ,illu/ration ,,ampull>ia crassa1 ,?ick ,apple ,snail1,upp] & l[] figures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ajc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a globosa1 laevi1 7sub epid]mide7 alba1 fasciis fuscis ornata2 spirae levatae apice obtuso2 ap]turae m>g9e albo1 crasso2 umbilico c>et4 ,%ell globose1 smoo?1 b5ea? ! epid]mis :ite ) br[n b&s2 spire elevat$1 tip obtuse2 m>g9 ( ! ap]ture ?ick1 :ite2 umbilicus none4 ,m>t9i #i4 t4 #abh4 f4 #aace4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a di/9ct species1 well *>act]is$ by ! abs5ce ( ! umbilicus1 ! situation ( :i* is indicat$ only by a slight depression3 ! m>g9 ( ! ap]ture all r\nd is ?ick5$1 & :ite2 b1 f no groove be+ disc]nible1 ,i suspect ! op]culum may be horny4 ,! only specim5 ,i h1 is dive/$ ( ! epid]mis2 x is obvi\sly an old %ell2 & appe>s to agree ) ! figure ( ,m>t9i1 also tak5 f an uncoat$ specim54 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ampull>ia oblonga1 ,oblong ,apple ,snail 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 te/a oblonga1 laevi1 t5ui1 fusca2 spira levata1 crassa1 obtusa2 ap]turae elongatae basi contracta2 umbilico vix obsoleto4 ,%ell oblong1 smoo?1 ?91 br[n2 spire elevat$1 ?ick1 obtuse2 ap]ture l5g!n$1 base contract$2 umbilicus ne>ly obsolete4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a r>e1 & undescrib$ %ell1 pres5t+ a s+ul> deviation f ! g5]al globose =m ( ! ,ampull>iae4 ,! inn] lip is want+ on ! upp] "p ( ! ap]ture1 & on ! l[] is ?91 :ite1 & reflect$ ov] ! umbilicus1 :i* is ne>ly obsolete4 ,bo? ^! %ells 7 9 ! late ,mrs4 ,bligh's collection1 )\t any habitat be+ affix$ to !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #acg ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,polybius4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 alis nigris2 anticis maculo albo c5trali2 po/icis d5tato-caudatis maculo rubro c5trali n]vis diviso2 abdom9e /riga lat]ali2 ?orace punctis flavis subtus1 ornatis4 ,p4 7,tr4 caud47 w+s black2 ant]ior ) a c5tral spot ( :ite2 po/]ior d5tat$ & tail$1 ) a c5tral r$ spot1 divid$ by ! n]ves2 /ripe on ea* side ! abdom5 & spots on ! ?orax b5ea?1 yell[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an insect nei!r describ$ nor figur$ by any au?or4 ,to my lib]al fri5d1 ,dr4 ,langsdorff1 ,i am indebt$ = ! two specim5s 9 my own cab9et1 collect$ by himself 9 ! int]ior ( ,m9as ,g]aes1 or ! ,diamond di/rict ( ,brazil4 ,i am n aw>e ( ! insect hav+ be5 f\nd 9 any o!r "p ( t va/ c\ntry4 ,an unusual "* is pres5t$ 9 ?is species1 alone suffici5t to di/+ui% x f any o!r conta9$ 9 ! division to :i* x belongs4 ,?is consi/s 9 ! ?orax b5ea? be+ spott$ ) yell[1 & ! body1 on ea* side ( ! "u surface1 hav+ a n>r[ yell[ /ripe2 ! basal m>g9 ( ! inf]ior w+s is also yell[4 ,/rictly speak+1 ^! yell[ spots w\ld remove x f ! section ,trojani1 b x w\ld !n be improp]ly sep>at$ f ,p4 ,lysi?\s1 ,agavus1 & o!rs to :i* x is1 9 e respect1 closely alli$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #ach ,illu/ration ,,malurus g>rulus1 ,noisy ,s(t-tail ,w>bl]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/rum validius1 breve1 totum valde compressum1 altius quam latius1 culm9e prom95te plumas frontales divid5te et ad apicem aliqu&o em>g9atum1 vix incurvo4 ,n>es basales membrana tectae1 ap]tura lat]ali4 ,alae brevissimae1 rotundatae1 remigum #c primorum longitud9e proximorum #d longitud9em sup]ante4 ,cauda pl]umque longa1 cuneata1 radiis mollibus1 decompositis4 ,p$es validi1 digito ext]iore ad digiti m$ii bas9 annexo4 ,hallux validus4 ,ob4 ,ro/ri basi vibrissis setaceis sp>sis in/ructa4 ,tem4 ,bill r /rong1 %ort1 mu* compress$ its :ole l5g?1 high] ?an broad1 ! ridge prom95t1 divid+ ! frontal fea!rs1 & b5t at ! tip1 :i* is sometimes not*$4 ,no/rils basal1 cov]$ by a membrane1 ! ap]ture lat]al4 ,w+s v %ort1 r\nd$1 ! ?ree fir/ quills %ort] ?an ! f\r next4 ,tail g5]ally long1 cuneat$1 ! radii s(t & decompos$4 ,legs /rong2 ! out] toe connect$ to ! base ( ! middle toe4 ,h9d claw /rong4 ,ob4 ,base ( ! bill ) setace\s hairs4 ,temm9ck4 ,g5]ic ,types--,turdus bra*ypt]us4 ,la?4 ,le ,fluteur4 ,vail4 ,ois4 d',af4 #c4 pl4 #aab4 f4 #b4 ,le ,capoli]4 ,d4 pl4 #abi4 pl4 #acj4 f4 #a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,m4 fuscus1 infra albesc5tibus2 plumis frontalibus rigidis1 acum9atis1 rufis2 /rigis ante et pone oculos albesc5tibus2 cauda m$iocri1 rotundata4 ,m4 br[n1 b5ea? :iti%1 fea!rs on ! front ( ! head rigid1 po9t$1 & ruf\s2 l9es be=e & beh9d ! eye :iti%3 tail mod]ate1 r\nd$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! col\rs ( ?is bird are altoge!r pla92 b x is rem>kable = its v s+ul> ne/1 :i* is s l>ge1 z to =m a feature 9 ! woodl& sc5]y ( ,bahia1 ! only "p ( ,brazil :]e ,i obs]v$ x3 ! ne/ is built 9 l[ trees1 =m$ ext]nally ( dri$ /icks1 )\t any neatness1 & is usually ?ree or f\r feet long1 resembl+ at a di/ance a ?ick twi/ ( bean /alks ?r[n 9 ! bran*es by accid5t3 sometimes two ( ^! ne/s appe> z if jo9$ toge!r1 & !re is an op5+ on ! side1 besides "o at ! top4 ,! sexes are g5]ally se5 ne> ! ne/1 utt]+ a %rill1 incessant1 monoton\s *irp1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! morn+ & ev5+4 ,i nev] c\ld br+ myself to te> "o ( _! ne/s to pieces1 m]ely to see its con/ruction4 ,all ! birds ( ?is g5us are /at$ by ,pr(essor ,temm9ck to be natives ei!r ( ! old _w1 or ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e2 b ! obs]vations ,i h made1 lead me to ?9k o!rwise4 ,two ( ! g5]ic types ,m4 ,temm9ck has giv51 are ! same z ^? ,i h select$2 ^! birds are n[ be=e me2 ! o!r 7,le ,capoli]17 is s l ! species "h figur$1 t 7judg+ f ,le ,vaillant's plate7 !y might easily pass = ! same bird4 ,two o!r species1 ) *>act]s p]fectly resembl+ ,m4 g>rulus1 are likewise f\nd 9 ,brazil4 ,f a consid]ation1 !re=e1 ( ! aff9ities & habits ( ^! birds1 ,i conceive !y may con/itute a v natural g5us1 closely alli$ to ,sylvia1 hav+ v compress$ bills1 %ort w+s1 russet col\r$ plumage1 ) s(t & g5]ally long tails1 & build+ r l>ge & cyl9drical ne/s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! :ole ( ! birds m5tion$ by ,p4 ,temm9ck are reta9$ 9 ! g5us1 ,i appreh5d x w become entirely artificial2 inasmu* z x w include n only ! birds above m5tion$1 b ! ,motacilla sup]ba1 & a l>ge non-descript bird f ,new ,holl&1 ! size ( a ?ru%1 :i* 9 habit1 ?\gh n 9 *>act]s1 resembles a %rike4 ,m4 ,vieillot fir/ propos$ ?is g5us1 b 8 def9ition is s %ort & obscure1 t little c be ga9$ f x4 ,! slight sket* 9 ! di/ance1 introduc$ 9 ! plate1 w give "s idea ( ! s+ul> ne/ ( ?is bird4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aci ,illu/ration ,,sylvia plumbea1 ,grey-back$ ,w>bl]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/ri recti1 t5uis1 basi altiore quam latiore1 m&ibula sup]iori aliqu&o em>g9ata1 inf]iori recta4 ,n>es basales1 lat]ales1 membrana p>tim tectae4 ,crura longiora digito m$io1 qui digito ext]iori ad bas9 annectitur4 ,ungue po/]iore m$iocri1 digito po/]iore breviore et arcuato4 ,remigum p9na prima brevissima aliqu&o c>et4 ,tectrices remigibus multo breviores4 ,temm4 ,bill /raight1 sl5d]1 base high] ?an broad2 sup]ior m&ible sometimes not*$1 ! inf]ior /raight4 ,no/rils basal1 lat]al1 p>tly cov]$ by a membrane4 ,legs long] ?an ! middle toe1 :i* is unit$ to ! ext]ior toe at ! base2 h9d] claw mod]ate1 %ort] ?an ! toe1 & curv$4 ,w+s2 ! fir/ quill v %ort1 or want+1 great] cov]s mu* %ort] ?an ! quills4 ,temm9ck4 ,g5]ic ,types--,turdus arund9aceus4 ,la?4 ,sylvia locu/ella4 ,lusc9ia4 ,tro*ilus4 ,regulus4 7,temm9ck47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 ca]uleo-grisea1 infra aurea2 dorso olivaceo2 tectricium apicibus albis4 ,blue grey1 b5ea? gold5 yell[2 back olive2 w+-cov]s tipt ) :ite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is an elegance ( %ape1 & a h>mony ( col\r+1 9 ! ,w>bl]s1 t r5d] ^! delicate little birds v int]e/+4 ,! species are exce$+ly num]\s1 & are spread ov] mo/ p>ts ( ! _w2 sev]al ab\nd 9 our own woods & h$ges1 & ! sacr$ bird ( our *ildhood1 ! ,rob9 ,r$brea/1 is among ! numb]4 ,t n[ be=e u is a native ( ,brazil1 f :5ce x 0 receiv$ by ,mr4 ,leadbeat]2 ,i nev] met ) x myself4 ,! fir/ quill fea!r is h>dly %ort] ?an ! ?ree next1 :i* are all ( equal l5g?2 ! tail-fea!rs are ev51 & r po9t$2 _! col\r black1 m>g9$ ) grey2 ! two out] ) a :ite spot on ! inn] web2 ! "u w+ & tail-cov]s :ite4 ,i h made no mat]ial alt]ation 9 ,pr(4 ,temm9ck's def9ition ( ?is ov]gr[n g5us1 be+ conv9c$ x might lead to confusion1 :ile ! g5]ality ( ! birds compos+ x rema9 s little kn[n4 ,?is bird greatly resembles ! female ( ,s4 pusilla ( ,wilson 7yell[-back$ ,w>bl]1 ,la?am71 yet diff]s 9 hav+ ! belly gold5 yell[ in/ead ( :ite3 ,i 0 told1 moreov]1 t ?is 0 a male bird3 ! "o inhabits ,nor?1 & ! o!r ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,la?am's description ( 8 yell[-back$ ,w>bl]1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 is n q accurate2 z he only alludes to "o :ite b> on ! w+ cov]s1 :]eas bo? ,wilson & ,vieillot say !re are two4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adj ,illu/ration ,,troglodytes rectiro/ris1 ,/raight-bill$ ,wr54 99 99 99 99 99 ,troglodytes4 ,ray4 ,cuvi]4 ,vieillot4 ,sylvia4 ,la?am4 ,temm9ck4 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ro/rum curvatum1 r>o rectum1 lat]ibus compressis2 apice vix em>g9ato4 ,n>es basales4 ,alae brevissimae1 rotundatae1 remigum majorum #c ext]iorum longitud9e qu>tae longitud9em sup]ante1 caet]is p>ibus et vix remigibus m9oribus longioribus4 ,rectrices breves1 fasciculatae1 erectae4 ,hallux digito m$io brevior4 ,plumae fuscae4 ,bill curv$2 r>ely /raight1 ! sides compress$1 ! tip slightly not*$4 ,no/rils basal4 ,w+s rem>kably %ort1 r\nd$1 ! ?ree ext]ior great] quills %ort] ?an ! f\r?2 ! rema9d] ( equal l5g?1 & h>dly long] ?an ! less] quills4 ,tail-fea!rs weak1 %ort1 fasciculat$1 & g5]ally c>ri$ erect4 ,h9d toe %ort] ?an ! middle toe4 ,plumage br[n4 ,g5]ic ,types ,motacillae troglodytes et furva4 ,gm4 ,c]?iae famili>is1 palu/ris1 et ,c>ol9iana4 ,wilson1 ,am4 ,orn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,t4 fuscus1 jugulo pectoreque pallidioribus2 m5to nigricante2 corpore m$io niveo2 rectricibus angu/is1 nigris2 m&ibulae sup]iore apice adunco4 ,br[n2 ?roat & brea/ pal]2 *9 blacki%1 middle ( ! body sn[y1 fea!rs ( ! tail black & n>r[2 tip ( ! upp] m&ible hook$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is s+ul> little bird agrees m 9 its g5]al "* ) ,troglodytes1 ?an ) any o!r e/abli%$ g5us2 yet ) ?is its similitude is b slight4 ,anxi\s1 nev]!less1 to avoid :at might h]eaft] prove an unnecess>y innovation1 ,i h plac$ x ) ! ,wr5s1 "u ! di/+ui%+ "n ( rectiro/ris2 al?\gh ,i am m incl9$ to ?9k x con/itutes a di/9ct g5us4 ,troglodytis1 orig9ally in/itut$ z a g5us by our illu/ri\s c\ntryman ,ray1 has be5 adopt$ bo? by ,m4,m4 ,cuvi] & ,vieillot4 ,pr(essor ,temm9ck1 on ! contr>y1 has includ$ x ) ,sylvia2 an imm5se g5us1 already bur!n$ ) m species ?an are rightly und]/ood1 or t really belong to x4 ,figure ! natural size4 ,bill /raight1 triangul> at ! base1 ! sides compress$1 tip ( ! upp] m&ible b5t d[n & not*$2 no/rils l>ge1 l5g!n$1 cov]$ by a membrane1 :i* 7except at ! base17 is nak$2 ! ap]ture t]m9al1 ne> ! edge ( ! bill1 n>r[1 & oblong3 ! fea!rs on ! rump & flanks rem>kably long2 ! ?ree =e toes sl5d]1 & all connect$ at _! base z f> z ! fir/ jo9t3 tail ev51 & long] ?an ! g5]ality ( ,wr5s1 ! fea!rs v n>r[1 weak1 & deep black4 ,plumage above light or r$di% br[n2 sides ( ! head1 neck1 brea/1 & body1 ! same1 b t+$ ) fulv\s2 ! *9 & upp] "p ( ! ?roat blacki%1 b ! m>g9 ( ! fea!rs p>tly :ite3 l[] "p ( ! ?roat & brea/ dusky3 middle ( ! body pure :ite2 "u w+ cov]s1 inside m>g9 ( ! quills1 & edge ( ! %\ld]s1 :ite4 ,mr4 ,leadbeat] fav\r$ me ) ?is bird1 :i* he receiv$ f ,brazil4 ,! comp>ative l5g? ( ! bill 9 ?is g5us1 7leav+ ! pres5t bird out ( consid]ation17 (f]s no g5]ic di/9ction1 because x v>ies greatly 9 diff]5t species4 ,"s ( ^? f\nd 9 ,brazil h ! bill ne>ly d\ble ! l5g? ( ! common ,european ,wr54 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #ada ,illu/ration ,,psittacus *ryseurus1 ,gold5-tail$ ,p>rot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 nitide viridis2 fronte g5isque fulvo colore t9ctis2 rectricium brevium1 p>ium1 p5nis m$iis viridibus1 caet]is aureis1 omnium apicibus nigris4 ,%9+ gre52 front & sides ( ! head t+$ ) fulv\s2 tail %ort1 ev51 tipt ) black1 ! two middle fea!rs gre51 ! re/ gold54 99 99 99 99 99 ,i 0 =tunate 9 procur+ bo? sexes ( ?is v r>e bird 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p]nambuco1 be+ ! only individuals ,i ev] met ) 9 ,brazil3 !y appe>$ z if tir$ f a long flight1 :i* l$ me to suppose !y _h migrat$ f ! int]ior t[>ds ! coa/4 ,i d n f9d ! species notic$ by any writ]1 nor h ,i se5 x 9 any collection4 ,! total l5g? is six in*es & a half2 ! plumage g5]ally ( a ri* em]ald gre51 r obscure on ! top & sides ( ! head1 b v bright on ! back & rump1 :]e x is t+$ ) blue2 ! fea!rs r\nd ! base ( ! bill1 front1 & sides ( ! head1 are t+$ ) buff col\r2 ! scapul>y fea!rs 7protect+ ! base ( ! w+s & less] quills7 are *ocolate br[n1 ! quills !mselves black1 m>g9$ ext]nally ) gre5 & int]nally ) olive4 ,! mo/ beautiful "p ( ! bird is ! tail1 :i* is %ort & ev51 ea* fea!r hav+ ! tips m>g9$ by a n>r[ l9e ( black1 ! middle pair be+ gre51 & all ! re/ ( a ri* gold5 yell[ col\r2 ! "u plumage & w+ cov]s are ne>ly ( z deep a gre5 z ! w+s1 b on ! flanks !re is a t+e ( olive4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adb ,illu/ration ,,nect>9ia flaveola1 v>4 ,yell[-belli$ ,nect>9ia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,n4 nigricans1 infra flava2 m5to1 sup]ciliis rectriciumque trium ext]i>um apicibus1 albis2 fascia uropygiali olivacea4 ,blacki% br[n2 b5ea? yell[2 *91 eyebr[s1 & tips ( ! ?ree out] tail-fea!rs :ite2 b& on ! rump olive4 ,c]?ia flaveola4 ,gmel91 #dgi4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 v4 #a4 p4 #big4 ,g54 ,zool4 v4 #h4 p4 #bdh4 ,turton1 p4 #big4 ,c]?ia1 ,no4 #cc4 ,brisson4 ,orn4 v4 #f4 ,app4 p4 #aag4 ,syn4 #b4 p4 #ai4 ,black & yell[ ,creep]4 ,edw>ds1 pl4 #abb4 pl4 #cfb4 ,la?4 ,syn4 v4 #b4 p4 #gcg4 ,g54 ,zool4 v4 #h4 p4 #bdh4 ,turton4 p4 #big4 ,le ,guit-,guit ,sucri]4 ,vieill4 ,ois4 ,dor4 ,c]?4 pl4 #ea4 p4 #ajb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is pretty little bird1 "u diff]5t v>ieties ( plumage1 appe>s to be scatt]$ ov] ! greate/ "p ( tropical ,am]ica1 & is "o ( ! mo/ common ( its tribe4 ,! be/1 & inde$ ! only detail$ acc\nt ( its economy1 is giv5 by ,m4 ,vieillot2 :o rem>ks1 t its ne/ is susp5d$ on ! tops ( ^? tall climb+ plants1 :i*1 9 ^? c\ntries1 =m a matt+ ov] ! mo/ l(ty trees3 ! entrance to ! ne/ is at ! bottom2 ! int]ior is divid$ into two comp>tm5ts1 9 "o ( :i* only ! "y are conta9$4 ,x fe$s bo? on small insects1 & ! nect> ( fl[]s4 ,all ! above synonyms ref] to ! diff]5t v>ieties au?ors h enum]at$ ( ?is species4 ,mo/ ( ^! h a :ite spot at ! base ( ! ext]ior quills2 o!rs v>y 9 hav+ ! ?roat entirely black2 & "s aga9 h a yell[ rump2 b none ( ^! agree ) ! v>iety "h figur$1 :i* ,i believe came f ,tr9idad4 ,probably a m p]fect k ( ^! suppos$ v>ieties w %[ !y conta9 two or ?ree di/9ct species4 ,not)/&+ ! %ortness ( ! bill1 ?is is a decid$ ,nect>9ia1 accord+ to a natural1 b n an artificial arrangem5t4 ,x =ms1 9 "s degree1 a passage f ! %9+ col\r$ ,nect>9iae ( ,am]ica1 to ! %ort-bill$ ,melliphagae ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,on a future occasion ,i %all (f] m detail$ obs]vations on ! g5us ,dicaeum ( ,cuvi]4 ,! figure is ! size ( life2 &1 ) ! specific "*1 r5d]s a fur!r description unnecess>y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adc ,illu/ration ,,ampull>ia sordida1 ,br[n ,apple ,snail f4 #a4 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ajc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a globosa1 f]rug9ea1 l9eis transv]sis subc>9atis in/ructa ap]turae m>g9e t5ui2 umbilico magno2 op]culo corneo8 ,%ell globose1 f]rug9\s1 ) obsolete transv]se subc>9at$ l9es2 m>g9 ( ! ap]ture ?92 umbilicus l>ge2 op]culum horny8 99 99 99 99 99 ,! only species ( ,ampull>ia ) :i* ?is may be conf\nd$ is ,a4 fasciata1 p4 #ajc1 9 comp>ison ) :i* x is a m globose %ell1 ! ap]ture n>r[]1 & ! spire m obtuse2 ! umbilicus is l>g]1 r\nd1 & n contract$2 ! suture is n sunk1 ! %ell is n b&$ ) col\r$ l9es1 nor is ! surface smoo?2 on ! contr>y1 x is m>k$ ) transv]se1 obscurely c>9at$ l9es2 :ile ! %ell is uni=m br[n1 ! ap]ture )9 is :ite1 m>g9$ ) br[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ampull>ia puncticulata ,oval1 punctur$ ,apple ,snail ,a4 te/a ovata1 subtilissime punctata2 spira obtusa2 labii ext]ioris m>g9e1 int]iorisque basi rufis1 incrassatis2 op]culo corneo8 ,%ell oval1 m9utely punctur$1 spire obtuse2 m>g9 ( ! ext]ior lip )91 & base ( ! inn] lip ?ick & ruf\s2 op]culum horny8 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is & ,a4 oblonga are ! only species ,i am yet acqua9t$ )1 ^: =m is n globose4 ,x nev] gr[s to a size mu* l>g] ?an ! figure2 ! :ole %ell is m>k$ by f9e longitud9al /riae1 & transv]se l9es ( m9ute dots1 disc]nible only by ! aid ( a common magnifi]2 ! ap]ture )9 is br[ni% fle%-col\r2 ! m>g9 is /rong & r$di%1 &1 )9 t ( ! out] lip1 is a ?ick5$ rim2 :i*1 %\ld ! op]culum be te/ace\s1 may supply ! place ( ! groove = its reception obs]vable 9 ,a4 globosa & corrugata4 ,! localities ( bo? ^! species are unkn[n to me4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #add ,illu/ration ,,eburna ,val5tiana1 ,arabian ,eburna4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,te/a turrita1 laevis1 nitida1 umbilicata1 basi truncata1 em>g9ata4 ,ap]turae angulus sup]ior int]ne canaliculatus4 ,animal m>9um4 ,%ell turrit$1 smoo?1 poli%$1 umbilicat$1 base truncat$1 em>g9ate4 ,upp] angle ( ! ap]ture ) an int]nal *annel4 ,animal m>9e4 ,g5]ic ,type ,bucc9um ,spiratum ,l94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,e4 te/a v5tricosa1 maculata2 ap]turae longitud9e spirae longitud9em sup]ante2 spira anfractibus #e convexis1 suturis alveatis2 basi balteo concavo c9cta4 ,%ell v5tricose1 spott$2 spire %ort] ?an ! ap]ture1 ( five convex volutions2 suture *annell$2 base ) a concave belt4 ,eburna ,val5tiana4 ,sw4 ,app5dix to ,bligh ,cat4 p4 #f4 lot #ijd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,few species are kn[n ( ,eburnae1 & ^! are nei!r well def9$1 nor correctly figur$4 ,! species select$ by mo/ au?ors z ! type ( ?is g5us is ,bucc9um glabratum ( ,l9naeus1 a %ell :i*1 z x unites ! *>act]s ( ,eburna & ,ancilia1 %\ld n h be5 *os5 = ?is purpose4 ,types ( g5]a are alone int5d$ to repres5t ! usual appe>ance ( ^? *>act]s on :i* ! g5us has be5 f\nd$2 !y %\ld !re=e be select$ f su* species only1 z repres5t ^! *>act]s 9 _! p]fect developm5t4 ,e4 ,val5tiana 0 fir/ *>act]iz$ by myself1 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,bligh ,collection4 ,x 0 br\ght f ! ,r$ ,sea by ,"l ,val5tia1 9 hon\r ( :om x is nam$4 ,! v %ort spire & concave belt at ! base1 easily di/+ui% ?is %ell f ,e4 spirata4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #ade ,illu/ration ,,eburna tessellata1 ,tessellat$ ,eburna4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #add4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,e4 te/a maculis fuscis seu purpureis tessellatis fasciata2 sutura vix canaliculata2 anfractuum m>g9ibus convexis4 ,%ell ) b&s ( tessellat$ br[n or purple spots2 suture slightly *annell$2 m>g9 ( ! volutions convex4 ,bucc9um ,spiratum4 v>4 ,l9n4 ,gmel91 #cdhg4 ,dill4 #fbj4 ,brug4 p4 #bfb4 #bf4 ,turton1 #d4 p4 #djj4 v>4 #b4 ,li/]1 #iha4 #da4 7bad47 ,seba1 t4 #gc4 f4 #be4 #bf4 ,m>t9i1 #d4 pl4 #abb4 #aabj4 #aaba4 ,e4 ,arcolata1 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bhb4 #d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a %ell hi!rto plac$ z a v>iety ( ,e4 spirata1 7,bucc9um spiratum1 ,l947 b f :i* ,i am dispos$ to consid] x z specifically di/9ct4 ,! *annel or sulcation r\nd ! suture ( ea* :orl is v slight1 & ! adjo9+ m>g9 obtuse & convex2 :]eas 9 ,e4 spirata ! *annel is broad & deep1 hav+ ! m>g9 %>ply c>9at$3 s f> ! ess5tial *>act]s ( ! two %ells are at v>iance2 b _! diff]5ce 9 col\r is s obvi\s t no "o c mi/ake !m4 ,! =m ( ! umbilicus 9 ?is species appe>s to be con/ant3 x is wide1 deep1 plac$ ne> to ! upp] angle ( ! ap]ture1 & m>g9$ ext]nally by a convex belt4 ,) ! exception ( ,seba's figures1 7:i*1 ?r\gh ! c>elessness ( ! engrav]1 are rev]s$17 n a tol]able repres5tation ( ?is %ell c be f\nd2 = ^? giv5 by ! au?ors above nam$1 are almo/ too inaccurate = citation4 ,x inhabits ! ,indian ,ocean4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adf ,illu/ration ,,eburna ,pacifica1 ,s\? ,sea ,eburna4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #add4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,e4 te/a v5tricosa1 maculis fulvis fasciisque albis ornata2 spirae angu/ae1 acutae1 suturis integris4 ,%ell v5tricose1 ) fulv\s spots & :ite b&s2 spire sl5d]1 acute2 suture entire4 ,eburna ,pacifica4 ,swa9son1 ,app5dix to ,bligh ,cat4 p4 #f4 lot #ijd4 ,eburna lutosa8 ,ency4 ,me?4 pl4 #dja4 f4 #d4 ,e4 lutosa8 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 #bhb4 #e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a delicate & r uncommon %ell3 fir/ def9$ 9 ! ,app5dix ,i subjo9$ to ! ,catalogue ( ! ,bligh collection1 disp]s$ by auction la/ spr+4 ,mrs4 ,mawe in=ms me %e has receiv$ ?is1 along ) o!r %ells1 f ! ,pacific ,ocean4 ,a species at once di/+ui%$ by ! entire suture & n>r[-po9t$ spire2 ! inn] lip is v ?ick1 ) a longitud9al sulcation ne> ! umbilicus4 ,:e!r ?is is ! %ell repres5t$ 9 ! ,ency4 ,me?4 at pl4 #dja1 f4 #d1 admits ( d\bt3 a %ort description w\ld h expla9$ ! *>act]s1 b n "o ^w is said ab\t x4 ,i h already adv]t$ to ?is novel mode ( creat+ species at pl4 #ca4 ,if au?ors w n be at ! tr\ble ( def9+ new species1 !y h no "r to expect _! names %\ld be adopt$ by subsequ5t & m labori\s writ]s1 to :om !y leave ! m sci5tific task1 ( def9+ *>act]s & collat+ synonyms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adg ,illu/ration ,,muscipeta c>9ata1 ,keel-bill$ ,flycat*]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aaf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,m4 plumbea1 infra f]rug9ea2 fronte juguloque nigris2 temporibus alb5tibus2 ro/ri culm9e c>9ato4 ,plumbe\s2 body b5ea? f]rug9\s2 front & ?roat black2 sides ( ! head :iti%2 top ( ! bill c>9at$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,brookes1 ! celebrat$ anatomi/1 fir/ drew my att5tion to ?is s+ul> bird2 ! peculi>ity ( ! bill sugge/$ to u ! idea ( creat+ a g5us = its reception2 b a clos] comp>ison ( its o!r *>act]s ) sev]al ( ! exotic ,muscipetae induces me1 at lea/ = ! pres5t1 to associate x ) ^? birds4 ,! ,flycat*]s1 z !y n[ /& 9 ! works ( ,la?am1 ,%aw1 & o!r ,l9naean writ]s1 undi/+ui%$ ev5 by sections or subdivisions1 pres5t a mass ( confusion1 :i* r5d]s ! se>* aft] an individual1 9 ?is imm5se g5us1 almo/ hopeless4 ,total l5g?1 six in*es & a half2 front1 ?roat1 & m>g9 ( ! %\ld]s1 deep black2 ! :ole upp] plumage is ( a delicate lead col\r1 :i* is pal] on ! brea/1 & ne>ly :ite on ! sides ( ! head & neck2 body & inn] w+ cov]s ruf\s2 ! fir/ quill is half ! l5g? ( ! second1 :i* is r %ort] ?an ! ?ree next2 feet sl5d]1 weak1 & %ort2 ! out] toe unit$1 ! inn] cleft4 ,! bill at ! base is triangul>1 b n elevat$2 ! sides compress$2 ! culm91 or top1 is %>p1 elevat$1 & curv$2 ! tip ( bo? m&ibles not*$3 no/rils simple1 small1 r\nd1 )\t a membrane1 & p>tly hid by ! ?ick-set frontal fea!rs1 & l5g!n$ setace\s bri/les r\nd ! bill4 ,^! p>ts are del9eat$ on ! plate ( _! natural size2 & mu/ =m ! basis ( any future g5]ic alt]ation 9 ! arrangem5t ( ?is bird4 ,! figure 0 f a specim5 belong+ to ,mr4 ,brookes2 s9ce :i*1 ,i h receiv$ two o!rs f ,new ,holl&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adh ,illu/ration ,,emb]iza cri/ata1 ,cre/$ ,bunt+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/rum breve1 conicum1 compressum1 basi aliquat5us hians1 m&ibula sup]iore inflexa1 inf]iore sup]iorem magnitud9e sup]antem4 ,n>es basales1 rotundi1 basi plumulis obtecta4 ,p$es s$5tes1 digitis tribus anticis basi divisis1 halluce pl]umque brevi1 curvo1 aliqu&o recto4 ,ob4 ,remigum p5na prima brevi1 secunda t]tiaque longissimis4 ,bill %ort1 /rong1 conic1 compress$2 ! base slightly gap+2 upp] m&ible inflex$2 "u m&ible l>ge/4 ,no/rils basal1 r\nd1 cov]$ at ! base by small fea!rs4 ,feet sitt+1 ! ?ree ant]ior toes divid$ at ! base2 ! h9d claw 9 g5]al %ort & curv$1 9 "s species /raight4 ,ob4 ,! fir/ quill ( ! w+s %ort] ?an ! second & ?ird1 :i* are ! longe/4 ,g5]ic ,types 7,temm9ck7 i4 ,emb4 citr9ella4 mili>ia ,l94 ii4 ,em4 nivalis4 ,fr+4 ,lapponica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,e4 olivacea1 infra flavesc5s2 capite cri/ato2 jugulo nigro2 /riga ocul>i1 scapulis rectricibusque lat]alibus flavis4 ,olive1 b5ea? yell[i%1 head cre/$2 ?roat black2 eye /ripe1 %\ld]s1 & lat]al tail fea!rs1 yell[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! elegant cre/ ( n>r[-po9t$ fea!rs on ! head ( ?is new bird1 at once di/+ui%es x f all o!rs ( ! same family4 ,mr4 ,brookes fav\r$ me ) ! individual "h describ$2 x 0 pur*as$ alive at "o ( ! ,brazilian ports2 b ,i /rongly suspect x _h be5 fir/ br\ght f ,africa1 by "s "o ( ! slave %ips4 ,! figure is ( ! natural size2 d[n ! %aft ( ea* fea!r on ! back is a black l9e2 ! tail is r long1 & ev52 ! two middle fea!rs black2 ! re/ pure yell[1 ) black %afts1 & br[n ext]ior t]m9al m>g9s2 ! upp] m&ible ( ! bill is s9uat$2 ! base n gap+1 b ) a few incumb5t bri/les4 ,i h tak5 ! au?ority ( ,pr(essor ,temm9ck = ! accuracy ( ! g5]ic types ( ?is g5us "u its pres5t modification4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #adi ,illu/ration ,,ca/nia ,fabricii1 ,r$ und]w+ ,day-mo?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ant5nae clavatae1 clavo elongato1 cyl9draceo1 fusi=mi1 ad apicem unco brevi1 acuto armato4 ,palpi breves1 graciles1 haud prom95tes1 articulo ultimo nudo1 oblique v]ticales4 ,v]tex ocellatus8 ocello oculum juxta utrumque posito4 ,obs4 ,caput p>vum2 al>um basis squamis conspicuis1 elongatis imbricata4 ,ant5nae clubb$2 club elongat$1 r\nd$1 fusi=m1 end+ 9 a %ort acute hook4 ,palpi %ort1 sl5d]1 n project+ beyond ! front1 ! la/ jo9t nak$1 obliquely v]tical4 ,cr[n ) a small ocellus8 adjo9+ ea* eye4 ,ob4 ,head small3 base ( ! w+s cov]$ ) conspicu\s1 l5g!n$1 imbricate scales4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,c4 alis anticis1 supra f]rug9eis2 po/icis rufis1 fasciis #c undatis1 nigris1 masculis ovatis int]/9ctis1 ornatis4 ,ant]ior w+s above f]rug9\s2 po/]ior ruf\s1 ) ?ree wav$ b&s ( black1 betwe5 :i* are imp]fect oval spots4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! insects ( ?is g5us =m "o ( ! mo/ s+ul> gr\ps among ! ,lepidopt]a2 !y are few 9 numb]1 & conf9$ to ! tropical regions ( ,am]ica2 fly+ only dur+ ! m]idian heat1 & !n ) incr$ible rapidity3 !y frequ5t ! n>r[ inlets ( ?ick =e/s1 occasionally re/+1 f> above ! gr\nd1 on ! trunks ( trees4 ,! species "h figur$ is v r>e1 & came f ! ,diamond di/rict ( ,brazil3 x is nam$ aft] ! illu/ri\s entomologi/ :o fir/ f\nd$ ! g5us4 ,! bases ( ! w+s b5ea? are furni%$1 9 ! male1 ) a spiral socket & horny spr+1 simil> to ^? ( ! ,phala5idae4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aej ,illu/ration ,,sph9x fasciata4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ha4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 alis anticis subd5tatis1 supra fuscis1 m>g9e po/ico /riga pallida ornato2 po/icis fulvis1 m>g9e nigro2 abdom9e annuloso1 annulis nigris1 int]ruptis1 int]/itiis albis4 ,ant]ior w+s subd5tat$1 above br[n1 po/]ior m>g9 ) a pale /ripe2 po/]ior w+s fulv\s1 m>g9 black2 body ) black int]rupt$ r+s1 ! int]/ices :ite4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is approa*es s ne> to ! ,sph9x ,alope ( ,drury1 t x is n )\t hesitation ,i h v5tur$ to sep>ate !m2 x w1 h[ev]1 be se51 t nei!r 9 8 figure or description is any notice tak5 ( ! pale te/ace\s b& on ! sup]ior w+s2 ! body likewise is describ$ z encircl$ ) r+s ( br[n & d>k a% col\r2 9 ?is1 ! r+s are black1 on ne>ly a :ite gr\nd3 ! "u sides ( ! sup]ior w+s1 9 ,drury's insect1 are spott$ along _! ext]nal edges ) long yell[i% spots2 9 ?is1 !y are uni=m pale br[n4 ,^! diff]5ces 7greatly /r5g!n$ by 8 figure7 induce me to consid] !m z di/9ct2 p>ticul>ly z bo? insects appe> to h come f ,jamaica3 ! upp] side ( ! ant5nae are :ite1 ! l[] br[n4 ,cram]'s figure ( ,s4 ,alope af=ds little or no clue to illu/rate ! "q4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sph9x ,lea*ii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s4 alis anticis subd5tatis1 griseo-fuscis1 maculis m$iis #c nigris2 po/icis fulvis1 m>g9e nigro2 abdom9e griseo1 annulis nigris1 int]ruptis4 ,ant]ior w+s subd5tat$1 greyi% br[n1 ) ?ree m$ial black spots2 po/]ior fulv\s1 m>g9 black2 abdom5 grey1 ) int]rupt$ black r+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i _c reconcile ?is ) any "o species describ$ by ,fabricius2 at ! anal angle ( ! l[] w+s1 is a pale greyi% spot1 ) two %ort blacki% l9es3 ,i h nam$ x 9 hon\r ( t labori\s & em95t zoologi/1 ,dr4 ,lea*2 :o pres5t$ me ) ! specim5 "h figur$4 ,! upp] figure is ( ,sph9x ,lea*ii1 & ! "u ( ,s4 fasciata4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aea ,illu/ration ,,alc$o semitorquata1 ,half-coll>$ ,k+sfi%]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #bf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 ca]uleo-viridis1 infra o*racea2 capite cyaneo1 l9eis nigris transv]sis ornato2 dorso nitide ca]uleo2 pectore torque ca]uleo-viridi int]rupto insigni4 ,blui% gre51 b5ea? buff col\r2 head blue1 ) transv]se black l9es2 back %9+ light blue2 brea/ ) an int]rupt$ blue-gre5 coll>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 a small collection ( birds1 procur$ on ! bord]s ( ! ,great ,fi% ,riv] ( ! ,cape1 ,i met ) ?is new & elegant ,k+sfi%]4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 detect+ 9 ! same p>cel sev]al o!r unkn[n & int]e/+ birds2 :i* ,i hope to record & illu/rate 9 ?is "w1 p>ticul>ly z !y h s9ce be5 s5t to a =eign museum4 ,?is species consid]ably exce$s ! size ( ! ,asiatic ,k+sfi%]1 be+ ne>ly eight in*es & a half long3 ! bill is black1 two in*es f ! gape1 & "o & ?ree qu>t]s f ! base ( ! no/rils3 head blue1 ! cr[n cross$ by dusky black l9es2 h9d head some:at cre/$1 ! sides deep & ri* maz>9e blue2 e>s & sides ( ! neck gre5i% blue1 ! latt] hav+ a /ripe ( :ite2 ! blue on ! sides ( ! neck advances on ! brea/ 9 ! %ape ( a half-=m$ coll>3 w+s & scapula cov]s blui% gre51 ) light] spots on ! tip ( ea* ( ! w+ cov]s2 d[n ! back is a /ripe ( vivid light blue1 simil> to ! common ,k+sfi%]3 tail d>k-blue1 edg$ ) gre5i%1 ! base black4 ,! plumage b5ea?1 f ! *9 to ! end ( ! ?roat1 :ite2 *ang+ on ! brea/ to pale fawn col\r1 :i* deep5s to f]rug9\s on ! body1 "u tail cov]s1 & ?ighs3 legs r$3 betwe5 ! bill & eye a dusky :ite l9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aeb ,illu/ration ,,a*at9a mela/oma1 ,black-m\!d ,a*at9a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #cj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a /rigis longitud9alibus1 nebulosis1 purpureis ornata2 spira elongata2 labio ext]iore ca/aneo-nigro2 columella crassa1 gibba2 basi integra4 ,%ell ) cl\d$ purple longitud9al /ripes2 spire l5g!n$2 inn] lip *esnut-black2 columella ?ick5$1 gibb\s2 base entire4 ,helix reg9a4 ,f]ussac ,moll4 liv4 #ai4 pl4 #aai4 ,v>4 7rev]s$47 ,a4 p]v]sa4 ,zool4 ,illu/4 vol4 #a4 pl4 #cj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt t ?is %ell is specifically ! same ) t figur$ at ,plate #cj ( ?is "w3 x has only rec5tly come "u my inspection1 & ,i !re=e ha/5 to give a fur!r illu/ration ( ?is beautiful species1 & to sub/itute a new specific "*1 :i* w be applicable to bo? v>ieties4 ,al?\gh mu* m v5tricose ?an ! rev]se v>iety1 ?is has ! same unusual =mation ( t "p ( ! columella se5 at ! base ( ! m\?1 :]e x is v ?ick1 & appe>s z if swell$3 ! epid]mis1 9 ?is specim51 obscures ! :ite gr\nd col\r ( ! %ell4 ,i h se5 also ano!r v>iety1 ev5 m sl5d] ?an t at ,plate #cj1 & ) ! ap]ture n rev]s$4 ,^! new facts po9t out ! necessity ( ! specific "n ( p]v]sa be+ *ang$ to "o m applicable4 ,! figure is f a specim5 l5t to me by ,mr4 ,dubois1 & is probably f ,brazil4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aec ,illu/ration ,,/rombus lobatus1 ,lob$1 or ,br9dl$ ,/rombus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 te/a nodulosa2 spira brevi1 in]mi2 labio ext]iore supra rep&o1 bilobo1 m>g9e crasso1 reflexo2 ap]tura laevi1 rubesc5te2 canale brevi4 ,%ell nodul\s2 spire %ort1 un>m$2 out] lip above spread+1 two-lob$1 m>g9 ?ick1 reflect$2 ap]ture smoo?1 r$di%2 *annel %ort4 ,seba1 tab4 #fb4 f4 #d4 #e4 7optime7 #i4 #ab4 #ad4 #ae4 #bg4 tab4 #fc4 f4 #f4 ,m>t4 #c4 tab4 #hc4 f4 #hcf1 #hcg4 ,gualt4 tab4 #cb4 f4 ,f4 ,knorr #c4 tab4 #aa4 f4 #a-f4 tab4 #bi4 f4 #h4 ,/rombus ,gallus1 7beta7 ,gmel91 #ceaa4 #aa4 ,s4 ,ran9us1 ,gmel91 #ceaa4 #aj4 ,s4 bitub]culatus1 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bjb4 #f 99 99 99 99 99 ,x w appe> extraord9>y1 t ?is v common %ell %\ld h be5 unkn[n to ,l9naeus2 & /ill m1 t no o!r sy/ematic writ] %\ld h notic$ x1 except+ ,gmel91 by :om x is plac$ z a v>iety ( ,s4 gallus1 al?\gh 8 ,s4 ran9us is obvi\sly made f a bad figure 9 ,knorr ( ?is same %ell4 ,on ref]r+ to ,mr4 ,dillwyn's acc\nt ( ,s4 gallus1 ,i f9d all ! ref]5ces ( ,gmel9 to ?is %ell expung$2 & a note at ! head ( ! g5us /ates1 t ,s4 ran9us is undes]v+ ( notice2 ?us e trace ( ! %ell1 9 ?is "w1 is altoge!r lo/4 ,! two lobes at ! top ( ! out] lip =m a /rong & peculi> di/9ction ( ?is species3 ! col\r ( ! m\? is v>iable2 ?\gh usually t+$ ) p9k1 x is (t5 r$di%1 or r$ bl5d$ ) yell[1 & sometimes ne>ly :ite2 )9 ! upp] "p ( ! ap]ture1 r\nd ! inn] lip1 are "o or two /rong plaits1 ) sulcat$ grooves on ea* side2 & ne> ! lobe at ! base ( ! out] lip1 ! ap]ture has a few obsolete /riae3 ! nodules on ! body :orl are triangul>1 & ! two ne>e/ ! lip are1 9 g5]al1 v l>ge3 ! *annel 7or base7 is %ort1 & turn$ up 9 an oblique direction4 ,f\nd1 9 great abundance1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,we/ ,india seas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aed ,illu/ration ,,psittacus ,malacc5sis1 ,blue-rump$ ,p>rot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 viridis2 v]tice uropygioque nitide ca]uleis2 tectricibus int]ioribus1 corporisque lat]ibus cocc9eis2 cauda flavesc5te2 ro/ro magno1 d5tato4 ,gre52 cr[n & rump sapphire blue2 inn] w+ cov]s & sides ( ! body crimson2 tail yell[i%2 bill l>ge1 too!d4 ,p4 ,malacc5sis4 ,g5]al ,zoology1 vol4 #h4 #b4 p4 #eed4 ,blue-rump$ ,p>rakeet4 ,la?4 ,syn4 ,sup4 #a4 p4 #ff4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ?9k ?is may be ! bird describ$ 7accord+ to ,la?am7 by ,sonn]at1 "u ! "n ( ,petite p]ru*e de ,malacca1 & f :i* bo? ,la?am & ,%aw h fram$ _! acc\nt ( ! ,blue-rump$ ,p>rot4 ,on comp>+ _! descriptions ) ! foll[+1 "s diff]5ces & omissions w be f\nd1 b n suffici5t1 ,i ?9k1 to ju/ify ! idea ( ?is be+ a di/9ct species3 ,i h1 z yet1 se5 only "o specim5 7& t n p]fect7 ( ?is r>e & little kn[n bird4 ,total l5g? six in*es2 bill unusually l>ge & /rong1 be+ ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* 79 a /raight l9e7 long1 & ne>ly ! same 9 height at ! base2 upp] m&ible ) a %>p too? 9 ! middle1 & r$di% orange2 "u m&ible violet grey2 front & cr[n ( ! head violet blue1 *ang+ to blacki% gre5 on ! back1 & greyi% gre5 on ! sides ( ! head1 neck1 & brea/2 body & v5t gre52 rump & upp] tail cov]s vivid azure blue2 spuri\s w+s gre5i% blue2 w+ cov]s d>k b bright gre51 m>g9$ m or less ) yell[i%2 quills blue gre51 _! inn] webs black2 "u w+ cov]s & sides ( ! body crimson2 tail %ort1 ev51 ! two middle fea!rs above gre51 ! re/ yell[ ) gre5 edges & black %afts2 b5ea?1 ^! fea!rs are all yell[1 ! %afts :ite2 ! w+s1 = ! size ( ! bird1 are v long1 measur+ f\r in*es & a half4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aee ,illu/ration ,,psittacus viridissimus1 ,gre5 ,p>rot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 pallide viridis2 p5nis infra nitide ?alass9is2 tegm9um1 remigum1 scapul>iumque m>g9ibus flavesc5tibus2 l9ea ante-ocul>i flava2 rectricium basi rubra4 ,pale gre51 quills b5ea? *angeable sea-gre52 w+ cov]s1 quills & scapul>s m>g9$ ) yell[i%2 be=e ! eye a yell[ l9e2 base ( ! tail fea!rs r$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! uni=m gre5 :i* p]vades ! plumage ( ?is ,p>rot1 induces me to ?9k x may1 possibly1 be ! female ( "s o!r species2 a few pale r$ fea!rs1 close to ! axilla1 & ! fa9t r$ on ! tail fea!rs1 appe> to /r5g!n ?is supposition4 ,among ^? species :i* are record$1 ?is approa*es ne>e/ to ,la?am's ,gre5 ,p>rakeet2 b ! figure ?is writ] quotes1 7,pl4 ,enl4 #hcg47 is at v>iance bo? ) 8 description1 & ) ! bird n[ be=e u2 x may1 !re=e1 be consid]$ z undescrib$4 ,total l5g? n9e in*es2 bill pale2 upp] m&ible ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long1 ! m>g9 undulat$4 ,! :ole plumage is ( a beautiful & delicate gre51 d>ke/ above2 ) a t+e ( blue on ! cr[n1 spuri\s w+s1 & great] quills2 ! orbits are nak$1 betwe5 :i* & ! eye is a blacki% l9e1 bord]$ above by ano!r ( pure yell[2 all ! w+ cov]s & quills are m>g9$ ) yell[i%4 ,! col\r ( ! inf]ior side ( ! quills is a pale b beautiful blue gre51 reflect+ bright] t9ts ( ! same col\r1 :5 held 9 c]ta9 lights2 ! "u side ( ! tail has likewise ^! reflections1 b above is yell[i%1 ) a dusky r$ spot at ! base ( ea* lat]al fea!r3 "u ! w+s !re are ?ree or f\r dull r$ fea!rs2 feet pale4 ,?is bird is 9 my own collection1 & is ! only "o ,i h z yet se52 nei!r am ,i acqua9t$ ) its native c\ntry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aef ,illu/ration ,,fr+illa oryzivora1 ,paddy bird1 ,rice bird1 or ,java ,sp>r[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/rum breve1 validum1 crassum1 rectum1 conicum2 m&ibulae2 sup]ioris gibbae apice vix inflexo1 integro2 culm9is convexi basi angulata4 ,n>es basales1 rotundae1 pone culm9is bas9 positae1 plumulis vix obtectae4 ,p$es s$5tes4 ,alae breves4 ,bill %ort1 /rong1 ?ick1 /raight1 conic2 upp] m&ible swell$1 ! tip slightly inflex$1 entire2 culm9e convex1 ! base angulat$4 ,no/rils basal1 r\nd1 plac$ beh9d ! base ( ! culm9e1 & p>tially cov]$ by ! frontal fea!rs4 ,feet sitt+4 ,w+s %ort4 ,g5]ic ,types4 ,loxiae ,jav5sis1 ,braziliana4 ,emb]iza pr9cipalis1 cicris4 ,tanagria ca]ulea1 c4 7,temm9ck47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,f4 cana2 capite caudaque nigris2 ro/ro rubro2 crisso roseo-alb5te2 auribus 79 m>ibus7 niveis4 ,lead-col\r$2 head & tail black2 bill r$2 belly obscure rosy2 e>s 79 ! male7 sn[y4 ,loxia oryzivora4 ,gm4 ,i4 #cjb4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #a4 #chj4 ,g54 ,zool4 #i4 #b4 #caf4 ,brisson1 #a4 #cgd4 #g4 ,java ,grosbeak4 ,la?4 ,syn4 #c4 #abi4 ,supp4 #aea4 ,g54 ,zool4 #i4 #caf4 pl4 #ea4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is elegant bird has be5 s di/ort$1 9 ! repres5tations giv5 ( x by ! old] orni?ologi/s1 t little apology is ?\ght necess>y = introduc+ m accurate figures ( bo? sexes 9 ?is publication4 ,x is said to inhabit ! ,cape & v>i\s p>ts ( ,india1 caus+ mu* damage to ! rice plantations1 & is frequ5tly br\ght to ?is c\ntry alive4 ,! figure is ( ! size ( life1 ! bill bright r$1 b :iti% t[>ds ! tip2 x is v /rong1 ?ick5$ r\nd ! basal m>g9s1 & =ms a %>p angle betwe5 ! frontal fea!rs3 ! no/rils are small1 r\nd1 & plac$ beh9d ! ?ick m>g9 ( ! bill1 & n on its out] surface4 ,legs fle%-col\r$2 ! orbits are said to be r$ 9 ! live bird4 ,i h foll[$ ! example ( ,illig] & ,temm9ck 9 unit+ ! greate/ "p ( ! ,l9naean ,loxiae & ,fr+illae "u ! latt] g5us1 reta9+ only ! ,cross-bills "u ! =m]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aeg ,illu/ration ,,ampull>ia effusa1 ,ribbon ,apple ,snail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ajc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a globosa1 laevi1 fasciis purpureo-fuscis c9cta2 spira depressa1 apice prom95te2 ap]tura angu/a2 umbilico magno1 pr(undo2 columella obsoleta4 ,%ell globose1 smoo?1 ) purple br[n b&s2 spire depress$1 ! tip prom95t2 ap]ture n>r[2 umbilicus l>ge1 deep2 pill> obsolete4 ,helix glauca4 ,l9n4 ,dillw4 #iah4 ,helix ampullucea1 7v>4 gamma7 ,gmel91 #cfbf4 ,bulimus effusus4 ,brug4 p4 #bif4 ,no4 #a4 ,li/]1 #abi4 #bi4 ,seba1 tab4 #ch4 f4 #ci4 tab4 #dj4 f4 #c4 #d4 #e4 7optime47 ,m>t9i1 #i4 tab4 #abi4 f4 #aadd-e4 ,knorr1 #d4 tab4 #e4 f4 #c4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #f4 #b4 p4 #agh4 #e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i concur ) ,mr4 ,dillwyn 9 believ+ t ?is %ell is ! ,helix glauca ( ,l9naeus2 b1 z x is n[ remov$ to ano!r g5us1 ,i ?9k no real advantage w\ld result f cont9u+ its orig9al specific "n2 p>ticul>ly z ! id5tity may be que/ion$ by o!rs1 )\t a *ance ( ! "q ev] be+ settl$3 ! adoption ( ! specific names giv5 to species slightly or incorrectly describ$ by ! old] naturali/s1 inevitably t5ds to increase ! orig9al obscurity1 9 all cases :]e ! po9t _c be cle>$ up4 ,a4 effusa may be di/+ui%$ f all o!rs by ! columella be+ ne>ly obsolete2 ?is "p exi/+ only 9 ! two t]m9al :orls ( ! spire4 ,?is species !re=e =ms a transition to ! ,planorbes3 !re is a v>iety1 ) n>r[] /ripes1 d\ble ! size ( t "h figur$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ampull>ia luteo/oma1 ,yell[-m\!d ,apple ,snail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a4 te/a globosa1 /riata1 olivacea1 l9eis remotis fuscis fasciata2 spira levata1 apice acuto2 ap]tura effusa intus m>g9ata2 umbilico magno4 ,%ell globose1 /riat$1 olive1 ) remote transv]se br[n l9es1 spire elevat$1 ! tip acute2 ap]ture wide1 )9 m>g9$2 umbilicus l>ge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! umbilicus ( ?is %ell is n s deep z ! la/1 b is l>g] ?an 9 any o!r kn[n species2 ! columella is likewise p]fect1 & ! ap]ture is wid] & m oblique ?an 9 ,a4 effusa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aeh ,illu/ration ,,p9na bullata1 7v>47 ,ruf\s ,p9na4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,te/a longitud9alis1 cunei=mis1 aequivalvis1 apice hians1 basi acuta2 natibus rectis4 ,c>do lat]alis1 ed5tulus4 ,ligam5tum m>g9ale1 l9e>e1 praelongum sub9t]num4--,lam>ck1 ,sys4 vol4 vi4 p4 i4 p4 #abi4 ,%ell longitud9al1 w$ge-%ap$1 equivalve1 ! valves gap+2 ! umbones /raight1 po9t$4 ,h+e lat]al1 )\t tee?4 ,ligam5t m>g9al1 l9e>1 v long1 sub9t]nal4 ,g5]ic ,types4 ,p9nae rudis4 ,pect9ata4 ,muricata4 ,l9n4 ,p5nant1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 te/a t5ui1 pellucida1 rufa1 aequilat]a1 /riis remotis1 sulcatis1 transv]sim squamif]is1 subsp9osis2 m>g9ibus lat]alibus rectis2 m>g9e inf]iore oblique truncato4 ,%ell ?91 pellucid1 ruf\s1 equilat]al1 ) remote sulcat$ /riae1 cross$ by transv]se scales & obtuse sp9es2 lat]al m>g9s /raight2 inf]ior m>g9 obliquely truncate4 ,p4 bullata4 ,gmel91 p4 #ccfg4 ,gualt4 tab4 #gi4 f4 c4 ,*emnitz4 #h4 tab4 #hg4 f4 #gfi4 ,knorr1 #b4 #bc4 f4 #a4 ,p4 m>g9ata4 ,lam4 ,sys4 #f4 p4 #acb4 #g4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h little d\bt t ?is %ell is a smoo? v>iety ( ! ,p9na bullata ( ,gmel91 & ! ,p4 m>g9ata ( ,lam>ck2 bo? ^! au?ors ref] to ! same figure 9 ,gualti]i1 b bo? also h ov]look$ t ( ,*emnitz1 above quot$1 z well z ,knorr's1 :i* latt]1 al?\gh x repres5ts ! %ell ne>ly smoo? 7simil> to t "h figur$71 ,i appreh5d is only a v>iety4 ,no d\bt !re=e hav+ exi/$ z to ,gmel9's bullata1 ,m4 ,lam>ck _h no plea = alt]+ its specific "n to m>g9ata4 ,i h consequ5tly record$ x "u ,gmel9's "n4 ,! ,p9nae are r num]\s1 al?\gh _m ( ! species rema9 9 obscurity2 !y atta* !mselves to rocks1 deep 9 ! sea1 by a silky byssus4 ,x has be5 commonly /at$1 t gloves & /ock+s are fabricat$ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean f ?is byssus1 z articles ( comm]ce2 su*1 h[ev]1 is n n[ ! case2 ?\gh articles1 s fabricat$1 are sometimes %[n 9 ,naples & ,sicily z subjects ( curiosity4 ,p9na bullata is1 ,i believe1 f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! vault$ spires on ?is & o!r species1 easily fall (f2 & become1 !re=e1 a v unc]ta9 specific "*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aei ,illu/ration ,,satyrus arg5teus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ant5nae m$iocres1 clavo elongato1 gracili4 ,palpi porrecti1 compressi1 vix recurvi1 remoti1 pilis ciliatis1 longis1 hirsutissimi2 articulo ultimo elongato1 nudo1 gracili1 acuto4 ,alae po/icae orbicul>es1 integrae1 r>o d5tatae4 ,ant5nae mod]ate1 ! club l5g!n$ & sl5d]4 ,palpi porrect$1 compress$1 slightly recurv$1 remote1 ) long ciliat$ hairs2 ! la/ jo9ts long1 nak$1 sl5d]1 acute4 ,po/]ior w+s orbicul>1 entire1 r>ely d5tat$4 ,g5]ic ,types4 ,pap4 ,hyp]an?us1 ,gala!a1 ,semele1 c4 ,l94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 alis fuscis2 po/ic>um disco supra flavesc5te1 maculis #b fuscis fucato1 infra alb5te1 m>g9e po/ico fulvo1 maculis #b atris guttisque #g-h arg5teis ornato4 ,w+s br[n2 po/]ior above ) a yell[i% disk & two br[n spots1 b5ea? :iti%1 ! h9d m>g9 fulv\s1 ) two black spots & #g-h silv] dots4 99 99 99 99 99 ,)\t be+ ornam5t$ by ri* or vivid col\r+1 ?is is1 nev]!less1 "o ( ! mo/ *a/ely beautiful little butt]flies f\nd 9 ,brazil4 ,i met ) x v pl5tifully 9 a small wood n f> di/ant f ,ca%o]a1 on ! we/]n extremity ( ,/4 ,salvador's bay3 to ?is p>ticul> spot x seem$ conf9$1 = ,i nev] saw a s+le specim5 9 any o!r "p ( ,brazil4 ,no col\r+ c imitate ! ri*ness ( ! silv]y spots on ! "u w+s1 :i* appe> emboss$1 or z if solid drops ( silv] _h fall5 on ! insect :5 x fir/ em]g$ into life4 ,! two sexes are p]fectly simil>4 ,! insects ( ?is g5us are usually br[n1 ) d>k or pal] %ad+s1 & eye-l spots on _! upp] or "u w+s4 ,!y pr9cipally inhabit ! woods ( tropical regions1 & ! h$ge sides & lanes ( ,european c\ntries2 ?is circum/ance probably induc$ ,latreille to *ange _! "n f ,hipp>*ia 7,fabricius7 to ,satyrus2 :i*1 al?\gh an innovation on ! rules ( nom5clature1 may 9 ?is in/ance be all[$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afj ,illu/ration ,,anodon purpurasc5s1 ,purple ,anodon1 or ,horse ,mussel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #if4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a transv]sim oblonga1 crassa1 depressa1 intus purpurasc5te1 lam9a c>d9ali crassa1 truncata1 d5te lamell>i 9 utraque valva supposito2 umbonibus retusis4 ,%ell transv]sely oblong1 ?ick1 depress$1 )9 purple2 h+e plate ?ick1 truncate1 ) an obsolete lamell> too? 9 ea* valve2 umbones retuse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is an entirely new & v r>e %ell1 rem>kable = its %ape & int]nal col\r2 x is also highly int]e/+1 z exhibit+ ! g5]ic *>act]s ( ,anodon1 bl5d$ 79 "s degree7 ) ^? ( ,unio3 accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ,lam>ck1 x might !re=e be made into a g5us2 b ,i feel conv9c$ too mu* importance has already be5 atta*$ by t naturali/ & 8 foll[]s to ! h+e ( bivalve %ells2 & t ! nom5clature ( ! sci5ce is bur!n$ ) g5]a1 trivial 9 !mselves1 bewild]+ to ! sci5tific1 & un9telligible to ! /ud5t4 ,f hav+ paid "s att5tion to ! ,fluviatile ,bivalves1 & possess+ a mo/ ext5sive collection ( specim5s1 ,i am cle>ly ( op9ion t no p]man5t *>act]s w be f\nd suffici5t to reta9 ei!r ! g5]a ,dipsas 7,lea*71 ,hyria 7,lam>ck71 or ,alasmodonta ( ,say1 mu* less t ( ,dam>is 7,lea*71 & ano!r1 ^: "n ,i =get1 made by ,dr4 ,turton f ! same %ell z ,lea*'s ,dam>is1 viz4 ,mya ,m>g>itif]a ( ,l9naeus4 ,9 fact1 ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ,unio & ,anodon appe>s to re/ on ! fir/ possess+ c>d9al tee?1 & ! latt] hav+ none4 ,i h sev]al valves 79 diff]5t /ages ( gr[?71 & "o p]fect specim5 ( ?is %ell2 !y 7 s5t to me f ! back settlem5ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afa ,illu/ration ,,voluta punctata1 ,r$-dott$ ,volute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,te/a ovata4 ,spira ap]tura brevior1 apice papill>i4 ,basis truncata1 em>g9ata4 ,columella plicata1 plicis inf]ioribus majoribus4 ,%ell ovate4 ,spire %ort] ?an ! ap]ture1 ! tip papill>y4 ,base truncat$1 em>g9ate4 ,pill> plait$1 ! inf]ior plaits g5]ally l>ge/4 ,g5]ic ,types4 ,volutae ,olla1 ,imp]ialis1 ,pacifica1 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,v4 te/a ovata1 subfusi=mi1 tub]culata1 pallide rubella fasciis #b maculatis1 rubris1 punctis m9utis int]/9ctis2 columella #d plicata4 ,%ell ovate1 subfusi=m1 tub]culat$1 fle%-col\r$1 ) two b&s ( r$ spots int]sp]s$ ) m9ute dots2 pill> #d plait$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,exotic ,con*ology1 ,i h comm5c$1 & int5d to complete1 a copi\s illu/ration ( ?is noble family ( %ells2 :i* 7if ! simile be admissible7 may be t]m$ ! nobles ( te/ace\s animals1 ) z mu* tru? z ,l9naeus has call$ ,palms ! pr9ces ( ! vegetable _w4 ,! ,volutes1 inde$1 are impos+ %ells2 bo? f _! size1 r>ity1 & _! ri* 7b n gaudy7 col\r+2 & x is n improbable t ! value ( a *oice collection ( ! pr9cipal species1 w\ld be equal to _! own weight 9 solid gold4 ,! species n[ "u consid]ation is only kn[n f an injur$ specim5 9 ,mr4 ,dubois' cab9et2 al?\gh mu* rubb$ on "o side1 x pres5ts on ! o!r a true patt]n ( its orig9al m>k+s2 ! m>g9 ( ! out] lip1 & ! tip ( ! spire1 are bo? injur$2 yet1 not)/&+ ^! defects1 !re are abundant *>act]s rema9+ to ev9ce its total dissimil>ity f any o!r record$ species4 ,i h pref]r$ subjo9+ only ! ess5tial g5]ic *>act]s ( ?is g5us1 z mo/ intelligible to /ud5ts2 p>ticul>ly z its natural *>act]s are fully detail$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,exotic ,con*ology4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afb ,illu/ration ,,a*at9a fasciata1 7v>47 ,b&$ ,a*at9a1 7#c v>ieties47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #cj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #gd4 7,"y47 ,ap]tura basi integra4 ,base ( ! ap]ture entire4 ,a*4 pallida4 ,zool4 ,ill4 vol4 #a4 pl4 #da4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s9ce ! fir/ illu/ration ( ?is elegant species appe>$1 at plate #gd ( ?is "w1 ,i h _h ! means ( asc]ta9+ a v extraord9>y circum/ance :i* takes place 9 ! progressive gr[? ( ! "y %ell to ! adult /ate2 & t is ! *ange effect$ 9 ! =m & t]m9ation ( ! pill> or columella4 ,9 ! noble collection ( %ells =m$ by ! late ,e>l ( ,tank]ville1 !re is a num]\s s]ies ( ?is species2 f ^! ,i h asc]ta9$1 t 9 ! "y %ells ! base ( ! columella unites ) ! t]m9ation ( ! out] lip1 mak+ ! ap]ture entire1 simil> to ! l5g!n$ ,helices2 b1 z ! %ell advances 9 gr[?1 ! base ( ! columella becomes ?ick1 deta*$1 z x 71 f ! m>g9al rim1 s z to produce an int]v5+ not*1 & ?us gives ! old & ! "y %ell n only an appe>ance ( be+ di/9ct species1 b ( belong+ to sep>ate g5]a4 ,f ^! facts1 ,i h drawn ! conclusion1 t ,a*at9a pallida 7pl4 #da71 is b ! "y %ell 7hav+ ! m>g9 ( ! ap]ture z yet entire7 ( ,a*at9a fasciata2 & ! ?ree additional v>ieties n[ figur$1 w1 ,i hope1 prove an int]e/+ addition to ! hi/ory ( ?is species4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afc ,illu/ration ,,hemipodius nivosus1 ,:ite-spott$ ,turnix4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/rum m$iocre1 gracile1 rectum1 valde compressum culm9e levato1 ad apicem sub-incurvo4 ,n>es lat]ales1 l9e>es1 sulcatae1 membrana convexa cornea vix tectae1 ap]tura fissa1 elongata4 ,p$es longi1 digitis tribus anticis divisis4 ,halluce c>et4 ,cauda brevissima tectricibus obtecta4 ,alae m$iocres4 ,bill mod]ate1 sl5d]1 /raight1 mu* compress$1 culm5 elevat$1 t[>ds ! tip slightly incurv$4 ,no/rils lat]al1 l9e>1 sulcat$1 p>tially cov]$ by a convex horny membrane1 ! ap]ture n>r[ & elongat$2 legs long1 ) ?ree toes be=e1 divid$ at _! base4 ,h9d toe none4 ,tail v %ort1 conceal$ by ! cov]s4 ,w+s mod]ate4 ,g5]ic ,type4 ,p]dix nigricollis4 ,la?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,h4 supra f]rug9eo v>ius2 m5to albesc5te2 jugulo pectoreque pallide f]rug9eis1 maculis albis1 nitidis1 ornatis2 corpore albo2 uropygio caudaeque tectricibus sup]ioribus rufis1 immaculatis4 ,above v>i$ ) f]rug9\s2 *9 :iti%2 ?roat & brea/ pale f]rug9\s1 ) :ite %9+ spots2 body :ite2 rump & upp] tail-cov]s ruf\s1 unspott$4 ,h4 nivosus4 ,swa9son1 9 ,tillo*'s ,phil4 ,magaz9e1 vol4 #fj4 p4 #cec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h repres5t$ ?is delicate little bird ( its natural size2 :i* is s small1 z sc>cely to equal t ( a ,l>k4 ,! ,turnix inhabits ! s&y des]ts ( ,africa & ,india1 & seems to =m a race ( pigmy ,bu/>ds1 all ! species yet discov]$ 7f\rte5 9 numb]7 be+ v dim9utive4 ,little is kn[n ( _! habits 9 a /ate ( nature1 fur!r ?an t !y migrate1 & fly ) great rapidity4 ,! specific "* w di/+ui% ,h4 nivosus z a species2 & ,i h already giv5 a m detail$ description ( x 9 ! ,j\rnal above quot$4 ,mr4 ,leadbeat] receiv$ x f ,s5egal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afd ,illu/ration ,,sylvia annulosa1 ,:ite-ey$ ,w>bl]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 olivaceo-viridis1 infra albesc5s2 jugulo flavesc5te2 palpebris plumis niveis insignibus4 ,olive-gre51 b5ea? :iti%2 ?roat yell[i%2 eyes encircl$ by a r+ ( sn[y fea!rs4 ,sylvia ,madagasc>i5sis4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #b4 #ecc4 ,gm4 #a4 #iha4 ,:ite-ey$ ,w>bl]4 ,la?4 ,g54 ,syn4 #d4 #dge4 ,g54 ,zool4 #aj4 #b4 #gbj4 ,fic$ula ,madagasc>i5sis m9or4 ,briss4 ,ois4 #d4 p4 #dih4 t4 #bh4 f4 #b4 7male47 ,briss4 ,orn4 #a4 #ddf4 ,le ,figui] ,t*]ic1 ,le ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',af4 #c4 pl4 #acb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a delicate r+ ( sn[-:ite fea!rs encircles ! eyes ( ?is pretty bird4 ,x is f> f be+ peculi> to ,madagasc> 7z ,dr4 ,la?am's "n ( ,madagasc>i5sis w\ld seem to imply71 b is spread ov] a wide ext5t ( ! ea/]n hemisph]e2 be+ f\nd bo? 9 ! ,isle ( ,france1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & ,madras4 ,! "n1 !re=e1 is peculi>ly inapplicable2 b ?is is n all3 = we f9d t ! same au?or1 a few pages aft]1 has giv5 ?is id5tical "n to ano!r v diff]5t bird2 ! same error is transf]r$ into ,%aw's ,zoology4 ,figure1 ! size ( life3 col\r above1 olive gre52 e>s & sides ( ! head ! same3 *91 ?roat1 & "u tail cov]s yell[2 brea/ c9]e\s1 *ang+ to dusky br[n on ! flanks2 ! middle ( ! body :iti%2 betwe5 ! eye & bill a velvet-black l9e1 :i* =ms a p>tial m>g9 to ! sn[y fea!rs ( ! eyelids2 w+s & tail dusky black1 m>g9$ ) olive4 ,v indiff]5t figures ( bo? sexes w be f\nd 9 ,vaillant's ,african birds2 f 8 description x seems to be a greg>i\s species4 ,i regret n be+ able1 at ?is mom5t1 to ref] to ! "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afe ,illu/ration ,,sylvia annulosa1 7v>4 beta47 ,:ite-ey$ ,w>bl]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,s4 supra c9]ea1 infra albesc5s1 capite1 alis uropygioque olivaceo-flavis2 jugulo flavesc5te2 palpebris plumis niveis insignibus4 ,above c9]e\s1 b5ea? :iti%2 head1 w+s1 & rump1 olive yell[2 ?roat yell[i%2 eyes encircl$ by a r+ ( sn[y fea!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,on fir/ receiv+ ?is bird f ,new ,holl&1 ,i 0 incl9$ to ?9k x a di/9ct species f ! ,african ,:ite-ey$ ,w>bl]2 b fur!r consid]ation has l$ me to adopt a diff]5t op9ion3 x is true t ,i am unacqua9t$ ) any "o l& bird :i* is common to bo? c\ntries1 & mu* weight %\ld be atta*$ to ! geographic di/ribution bo? ( families & species4 ,^! two birds1 h[ev]1 diff] 9 _! col\r1 & some:at 9 _! size4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,:ite-ey$ ,w>bl]1 z be=e obs]v$1 is f\nd bo? 9 ,africa & ,india2 & is1 !re=e1 probably migratory4 ,nature1 moreov]1 is n b\nd by laws to :i* !re are no exceptions2 & ! lead+ po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ^! birds are v /rong4 ,on ! :ole1 !re=e1 ,i am incl9$ to consid] !m z v>ieties ( "o species1 =m+ a solit>y exception to ! g5]al dissimil>ity betwe5 ! birds ( ,africa & ^? ( ,new ,holl&4 ,size ( ! ,wood ,wr53 ! head & e>s are olive yell[1 *ang+ to bright] yell[ on ! *91 & "p ( ! ?roat2 ! neck & back c9]e\s1 graduat+ to yell[i% olive on ! rump & upp] tail cov]s2 w+s ! same1 ! inside ( ! quills blacki%2 sides ( ! ?roat c9]e\s2 body & "u tail cov]s :iti%2 ! sides t+$ ) f]rug9\s2 ! /ripe betwe5 ! bill & eye is m br[n ?an black2 & ! :ite fea!rs r\nd ! eye1 n s conspicu\s z 9 ! ,african v>iety4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aff ,illu/ration ,,bulimus citr9us1 7v>47 ,citron ,bulimus1 7#c v>ieties47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #df4 ,,v>ieties4 ,a4 ,yell[1 ) black l9es4 ,zool4 ,ill4 pl4 #df4 ,b4 ,yell[1 ) black l9es & *esnut /ripes4 ,zool4 ,ill4 p4 #dg4 ,c4 ,yell[1 v>iegat$ ) gre52 inn] lip obsolete4 ,fig4 #a4 ,b4 viresc5s4 ,sw4 ,bligh ,cat4 p4 #ac4 ,d4 ,gre51 /rip$ ) yell[2 inn] lip :ite4 ,fig4 #b4 #c4 ,e4 ,orange1 ) flame-col\r$ wav$ /ripes4 ,fig4 #d4 ,f4 ,pale yell[1 ) br[n wav$ /ripes4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #f4 #b4 p4 #agh4 #e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! beautiful %ells "h select$ z a fur!r illu/ration ( ! ,citron ,bulimus n only %[ ! great v>iability ( ! species1 b cle>ly prove t ,b4 viresc5s is1 z ,i suspect$1 only a v>iety ( ,b4 citr9us4 ,9 ! %ell at fig4 #a4 ! upp] "p ( ! inn] lip 7l t describ$ 9 ! ,bligh ,app5dix71 is entirely want+2 al?\gh x be>s1 9 e o!r respect1 ! appe>ance ( a full-gr[n %ell2 ! umbilicus likewise is op52 b 9 ! %ell at fig4 #b4 & #c4 ! inn] lip is q p]fect1 & consequ5tly folds ov] ! umbilicus2 ?us ! connexion betwe5 ! gre5 & yell[ v>ieties is completely e/abli%$4 ,i h subjo9$ a slight arrangem5t ( ! pr9cipal v>ieties2 & h only fur!r to obs]ve1 t ! specific "* ,i fir/ propos$1 appe>s to me ! only "o by :i* ?is species may be truly di/+ui%$4 ,s9ce ! description ( ,b4 aureus at pl4 #dg 0 writt51 ,i h se5 sev]al o!r specim5s2 all ( :i* t5d to confirm my belief t x is di/9ct f ,b4 citr9us4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afg ,illu/ration ,,anodon crassus1 ,?ick ,anodon1 or ,horse ,mussel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #if4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a ovata1 lata1 crassa2 m>g9e c>d9ali sub>cuato1 extremitate utraque angulata alata2 umbonibus prom95tibus1 apicibus retusis4 ,%ell oval1 broad1 ?ick2 h+e m>g9 sub>cuat$1 ! extremities w+$ & angulat$2 umbones prom95t1 ! tips retuse4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is only rec5tly t travell]s h direct$ _! att5tion to ! less attractive %ells ( di/ant regions2 & our cab9ets n[ beg9 to be enri*$ by ! num]\s l& & fre%-wat] species ( ^? c\ntries4 ,among ^! new acquisitions1 ! fre%-wat] bivalves appe> ! mo/ extraord9>y 9 _! =mation1 & ! mo/ num]\s 9 species4 ,( ! ,anodons1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! great ,l9naeus 0 acqua9t$ ) m ?an ?ree or f\r species2 ,lam>ck enum]ates fifte51 b a mu* great] numb] h pass$ "u my own exam9ation4 ,! species n[ illu/rat$ is v peculi>2 x is a /rong1 ?ick %ell2 9 =m resembl+ ,hyria corrugata1 ,lam>ck2 hav+ bo? extremities w+$ & compress$2 ! umbonial slope#f elevat$1 & some:at angulat$2 ! umbones ?ick & prom95t1 b obtuse1 or ne>ly truncate1 at _! apex2 ! outside ( ! %ell ( a d>k grass-gre5 col\r1 & ne>ly smoo?1 except+ at ! po/]ior side1 :i* is m>k$ by sulcat$ /riae foll[+ ! l9es ( gr[?2 ! inside is opaque & :iti%1 ) ri* iridesc5t m>g9s3 ! muscul> impressions deep1 & ! h+e m>g9 q smoo?4 ,i "k ( no o!r specim5 ?an "o 9 ,mr4 ,dubois' collection1 & am altoge!r unacqua9t$ ) its locality2 al?\gh its habit leads me to ?9k x is f ,s\? ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afh ,illu/ration ,,rampha/os ambiguus1 ,d\btful ,t\can4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #de4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,r4 nig]2 jugulo flavo2 m&ibulae sup]ioris p>te sup]iore flava1 transv]se maculata1 /riga viridi oblique divisa2 m&ibula inf]iore nigra4 ,black2 ?roat yell[1 upp] m&ible black1 ! upp] half yell[1 ) an oblique gre5 /ripe & transv]se spots2 ! "u m&ible black4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! obscurity ) :i* mod]n orni?ologi/s h describ$ ^! rem>kable birds1 w\ld h induc$ me1 long ago1 to h attempt$ a m p]fect acc\nt ( all ! species 9 ?is "w2 b z ?is might h be5 consid]$1 by "s1 an infr+em5t on ! miscellane\s plan on :i* x 0 comm5c$1 ,i feel oblig$ to conf9e myself only to _! occasional illu/ration4 ,! species n[ select$ is "o ,i h nev] se52 b ,i h no d\bt ( its exi/5ce1 & little ( ! accuracy ( its del9eation4 ,i be=e allud$ to sev]al draw+s ( ,t\cans :i* _h come to my h&s1 execut$ by an unkn[n arti/3 among !m is a figure ( t n[ publi%$2 ) a note subjo9$1 /at+ x 0 drawn f ! bird j dead4 ,! o!r draw+s ( ! same arti/ repres5t sev]al ( ! common species1 & _! accuracy is presumptive evid5ce t ?is also is repres5t$ correctly4 ,! s+ul> col\r+ ( ! bill at once sep>ates x f all kn[n species2 & = its fur!r hi/ory1 we mu/ tru/ to ! ex]tions ( ^? travell]s1 visit+ ,s\? ,am]ica1 :o may feel an int]e/ 9 illu/rat+ ^! s+ul> birds4 ,i m ?an once he>d1 :5 9 ,brazil1 ( a ,blue ,t\can2 b x 0 said to be v r>e1 & ,i nev] 0 =tunate en\gh to meet ) "o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #afi ,illu/ration ,,pt]oglossus viridis1 ,gre5 ,arac>i1 7male47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #dd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,p4 nigro viresc5s2 capite juguloque nigris1 foem9ae ca/aneis2 corpore flavo2 ro/ro s]rato1 tomiis albis1 m&ibula sup]iore aurantiaca1 l9ea longitud9ali1 lat]ali1 m$ia1 nigra1 m&ibula inf]iore ca]ulea4 ,blacki% gre52 head & neck black 79 ! female *esnut71 body yell[2 bill too!d1 ! m>g9s :ite1 upp] m&ible orange1 ) a black longitud9al l9e2 l[] m&ible blue4 ,rampha/os viridis4 ,l9n4 ,gmel91 #a4 p4 #cec4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #a4 #ach4 ,g54 ,zool4 #h4 #b4 p4 #cgj4 ,gre5 ,t\can4 ,la?4 ,syn4 #a4 #cca4 ,tucana ,cayan5sis viridis4 ,briss4 ,ois4 #d4 #dbc4 pl4 #cc4 f4 #a4 ,id4 ,orn4 #b4 #afb4 ,pl4 ,enl4 #gbg4 mas4 #gbh4 foem4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is a common bird1 kn[n to ! old] orni?ologi/s2 b "h introduc$1 = ! purpose ( repres5t+ ! vivid col\rs :i* ornam5t ! bill ( ! live bird3 ! figures likewise above ref]r$ to are s v loosely drawn1 t a m correct repres5tation ( ! species appe>$ desirable4 ,a rem>kable "* p]vades all ! ,arac>is1 7) ! exception ( ,p4 sulcatus1 pl4 #dd17 ! head & ?roat be+ black 9 ! male1 & *esnut or grey 9 ! female birds2 ! bills also ( ! latt] are always ! smalle/2 t ( ! ,gre5 ,arac>i is l>g]1 ?ick]1 & m curv$ ?an 9 any o!r species2 ! s]ratures /rong & unequal2 ! top1 & upp] half ( ! sup]ior m&ible1 pure yell[2 ! l[] half orange2 ^! col\rs be+ divid$ by a sl5d] isolat$ black l9e2 ! "u m&ible blue1 ) ! base rosy2 its g5]al plumage be>s a resemblance to sev]al o!r species4 ,dr4 ,la?am says ! orbits are yell[2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is a mi/ake1 = bo? ! orbits & irides are grass-gre52 ?is writ] likewise ref]s to ,edw>ds1 pl4 #cbi1 = ?is bird2 :i* plate1 9 fact1 repres5ts a ,t\can1 & is t bird :i* ,i h describ$ & figur$ "u ! "n ( ,r4 c>9atus1 pl4 #de4 ,i believe ?is species is conf9$ to ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,edmon/on br\ght home f9e specim5s f ,dem]>a2 !y 7 pres]v$ ) s mu* skill1 t ! col\rs ( ! bill almo/ reta9$ _! primitive brightness2 ,le ,vaillant1 ,i believe1 has figur$ ?is bird2 b ,i h n1 at ?is "t1 access to 8 valuable book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agj ,illu/ration ,,malurus ,africanus1 ,african ,s(t-tail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #agj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,m4 supra rufesc5s1 /rigis nigris v>ius2 g5is m5toque alb5tibus1 /riga nigra int]m$ia2 rectricibus att5uatis1 nigris1 rufo m>g9atis4 ,above ruf\s br[n ) black /ripes2 sides ( ! head & *9 :iti%1 divid$ by a black /ripe2 tail fea!rs att5uat$1 black1 ! m>g9s ruf\s4 ,motacilla ,africana4 ,gmel91 #a4 p4 #ieh4 ,sylvia ,africana4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #b4 p4 #eah4 ,g54 ,zool4 #aj4 #b4 p4 #fae4 ,african ,w>bl]4 ,la?4 ,syn4 #d4 p4 #dcf4 ,curruca naevia4 ,c4 ,b4 ,spei4 ,brisson4 ,ois4 #c4 p4 #cij4 tab4 #bb4 f4 #b4 ,orn4 #a4 p4 #dai4 ,le ,fluteur4 ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',afrique4 ,le ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',af4 #c4 pl4 #aab4 f4 #b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! *>act]s ( ,malurus1 toge!r ) a few obs]vations on ! birds compos+ x1 ,i h already giv5 at plate #agj ( ?is "w4 ,yet z ! species are scatt]$ 9 sev]al di/9ct g5]a ( ! ,l9naean s*ool1 ,i h "h repres5t$ t :i* may be t]m$ ! type ( ! g5us1 z in/itut$ by ,pr(essor ,temm9ck1 & z modifi$ by myself4 ,on comp>+ ! *>act]s ( ,timalia 7a new g5us ( ,dr4 ,horsfield's7 ) ^? ( ,malurus1 !y w be f\nd to designate "o & ! same gr\p ( birds4 ,inde$1 ! m9ute & int]e/+ details1 :i* ,dr4 ,horsfield has giv51 put ! "q almo/ beyond d\bt1 & lead me to conclude1 t ! ,doctor 0 n aw>e1 at ! "t1 t 8 g5us 0 already record$4 ,?is bird is n uncommon at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,! notes ( ! male 7accord+ to ,m4 ,le ,vaillant7 are s(t & agreeable1 mu* resembl+ ^? ( a flute2 ! %ortness ( ! w+s r5d]s its flight v l[4 ,! figure is ( ! natural size2 & ! bird has be5 s well describ$ by ,brisson & ,la?am1 t x is ne$less to repeat :at !y h said2 ! figures bo? ( ,le ,vaillant & ,brisson are by no means accurate4 ,! tail fea!rs are delicate & transp>5t2 & ^? ( ! :ole body v s(t1 ) deta*$ webs or radii1 simil> to ,dr4 ,horsfield's ,timalia pileata1 & gul>is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aga ,illu/ration ,,unio fragilis4 ,fragile ,riv] ,mussel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #eh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,u4 te/a transv]sim ovata1 t5ui1 intus purpurasc5te2 d5tibus c>d9alibus tub]culatis1 sub-obsoletis4 ,%ell transv]sely oval1 ?91 )9 purple2 c>d9al tee? tub]culat$1 ne>ly obsolete4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mo/ fre% wat] bivalves are rem>kably de/itute ( t v>iety ( col\r+1 :i* div]sifies ! ext]ior ( m>9e %ells1 & r5d]s _! di/9ction comp>atively easy4 ,a uni=m olive gre51 or br[n t9t1 p]vades all ! fluviatile g5]a2 _! specific di/9ctions re/ on *>act]s :i* frequ5tly require long & p]plex+ descriptions1 b :i* c be expla9$ by ! arti/ ) ease & precision4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t accurate figures ( ^! %ells are m p>ticul>ly want$2 =1 al?\gh ,lam>ck has describ$ s _m1 ! %ort descriptions :i* he has giv51 & ! want ( figures to elucidate !m1 r5d] x impossible to det]m9e accurately "o half ( ! species :i* he has enum]at$4 ,unio fragilis is pr9cipally di/+ui%$ by ! c>d9al tee?3 ^? 9 ! "r valves are #b2 %ort1 obtuse1 & ne>ly obsolete1 m resembl+ tub]cles1 ?an ! cr5at$ or /riat$ tee? ( ?is g5us4 ,! left valve has "o too? r %>p]4 ,9 "y %ells ! ligam5tal m>g9 is ne>ly /raight1 & its extremity some:at angulat$2 b old %ells lose ^! appe>ances1 & become p]fectly oval4 ,9 bo? /ages ( gr[? ! %ell is v ?91 convex1 & ! inside 7ne> ! umbones7 purple4 ,! slight developm5t ( ! c>d9al tee? br+s ?is %ell ne>] to ! g5us ,anodon1 ?an any o!r ,unio :i* ,i h se54 ,x inhabits ! riv]s ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & 0 s5t to me by ,pr(essor ,raf9esque4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agb ,illu/ration ,,ampull>ia reflexa1 ,purple ,apple ,snail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ajc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a ovato-globosa1 laevi2 spira v5tricosa1 obtusa1 sub epid]mide purpurea2 ap]tura nigro-purpurasc5te2 labio ext]iore t5ui1 m>g9e reflexo4 ,%ell ovate-globose1 smoo?2 spire v5tricose1 obtuse2 b5ea? ! epid]mis1 purple2 ap]ture blacki% purple2 out] lip ?91 ! m>g9 reflect$4 ,knorr1 vol4 #e4 pl4 #e4 f4 #b4 7uncoat$47 ,ampull>ia reflexa4 ,swa9son1 9 ,tillo*'s ,ph4 ,mag4 vol4 #fa4 p4 #cgg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! only record t ,i c f9d 79 ! works ( ! old writ]s7 = ?is ,ampull>ia1 is ! figure by ,knorr above quot$2 x is obvi\sly drawn f an uncoat$ specim51 al?\gh ,i h se5 in/ances1 :]e ! blacki% purple on ! spire 0 s int5se1 z to obscure ! ?9 epid]mis :i* cov]$ x4 ,! peculi> "* ( ! species1 & 9 :i* x diff]s f all o!rs1 is 9 ! out] m>g9 ( ! lip2 :i* is ?91 r spread out1 & slightly reflect$2 ! =m ( ! %ell resembles ,a4 fasciata1 b ! spire1 in/ead ( be+ po9t$1 is obtuse2 ! umbilicus1 likewise1 is small] & m conceal$4 ,f ! abs5ce ( a groove r\nd ! ap]ture1 ,i conclude ! op]culum is horny4 ,! size v>ies2 p]fect %ells are 9 my possession mu* small] ?an ! figure1 & ,i h se5 o!rs mu* l>g]1 & ) ! ap]ture m *esnut ?an purple4 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) its locality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agc ,illu/ration ,,gall9ula ruficollis1 v>4 ,black-belli$ ,gall9ule v>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,gall9ula4 ,briss4 ,cuv4 ,tem4 ,la?4 ,fulica1 ,rallus4 ,l9n4 ,crex4 ,illig]4 ,ro/rum capite brevius1 valde compressum1 conicum1 rectum1 apice compresso1 m&ibula inf]iore angulata4 ,n>es sulcatae1 membrana obtectae2 ap]tura magna1 oblonga1 p]via1 vix m$ia4 ,p$es elongati1 grall>ii1 g5ibus nudis1 digitis gracilibus tribus1 halluce m$iocri4 ,bill %ort] ?an ! head1 mu* compress$1 conic1 /raight1 ! tips compress$1 inf]ior m&ible angulat$4 ,no/rils sulcat$1 cov]$ by a membrane2 ap]ture l>ge1 oblong1 p]vi\s1 ne>ly m$ial4 ,feet long1 wad+1 knees nak$1 =e toes ?ree1 long1 sl5d]1 h9d toe 7or ?umb7 %ort4 ,g5]ic type4 ,rallus porzana4 ,l9n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,gall4 ruficollis v>4 ,a8 ,olivaceo-fusca2 c]vice c9]ea2 pectore1 abdom9e1 alisque rufis2 crisso1 uropygio1 caudaque nigris2 tectricibus int]ioribus rufis1 nigro-fasciatis2 p$ibus rubris4 ,olive br[n2 neck c9]e\s2 brea/1 body1 & w+s ruf\s2 belly1 rump1 & tail black2 int]ior w+ cov]s ruf\s1 b&$ ) black2 legs r$4 ,fulica ruficollis4 ,gmel91 #a4 p4 #gjj4 ,turton1 #a4 p4 #dbc4 ,gall9ula ruficollis4 ,la?4 ,ind4 ,orn4 #b4 #gfg4 ,black-belli$ ,gall9ule4 ,la?4 ,syn4 #a4 p4 #bec4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is "o ( ! l>ge/ wat] h5s f\nd 9 ,brazil1 :]e x is v r>e4 ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,langsdorff = ! only specim5 :i* ,i br\ght f t c\ntry4 ,x diff]s consid]ably f ! ,black-belli$ ,gall9ule ( ,la?am1 yet1 p]haps1 n suffici5tly to record x z a di/9ct species4 ,total l5g? fifte5 in*es & a half2 bill "o & a half2 ! base 79 ! dead bird7 orange1 ! o!r half gre52 frontlet none2 ! cr[n & nape are grey br[n1 ! sides c9]e\s1 & ! ?roat :iti%2 ! neck bo? above & b5ea? = ab\t two ?irds its l5g? is lead-col\r$2 x !n *anges to ruf\s1 :i* spreads ov] ! brea/1 body1 w+ cov]s1 & great] quills2 ! l[] "p ( ! neck above1 ) ! back1 scapul>s1 & less] quills1 br[ni% olive2 ! belly1 ?ighs1 tail1 & rump black2 ! inn] w+ cov]s are remotely b>r$ ) black2 legs 79 ! live bird7 r$4 ,la?am describes ! ,black-belli$ ,g4 z sev5te5 in*es long2 ! bill two in*es2 ! quills gre5i% br[n1 ) ruf\s m>g9s2 ! =e "p ( ! neck & brea/ bright ruf\s2 & ! flanks ) black b&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agd ,illu/ration ,,tanagra canicapilla1 ,grey-cr[n$ ,tanag]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/rum breve1 validum1 conicum1 basi trigona1 lat]ibus compressis1 culm9e levato1 m&ibula sup]iore ad apicem deflexa et em>g9ata1 inf]ioris brevioris rectae basi crassa1 amb>um m>g9ibus inflexis4 ,n>es p>vae1 basi plumosa1 ap]tura rotundata1 nuda4 ,alae m$iocres4 ,bill %ort1 /rong1 conic1 base trigonal1 sides compress$1 culm9 elevat$1 upp] m&ible t[>ds ! tip deflex$ & not*$1 "u m&ible %ort] & /raight1 ! base ?ick1 ! m>g9s ( bo? inflex$4 ,no/rils small1 ! base fea!r$1 ! ap]ture r\nd1 nak$4 ,w+s mod]ate4 ,g5]ic ,types4 ,tanagra ,jacapa1 tricolor4 ,motacilla velia4 ,l94 ,pipra musica4 ,l94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,t4 olivaceo-viridis1 infra flava2 v]tice c9]eo1 /riga ocul>i auribusque nigris2 ro/ro gracili4 ,olive gre51 b5ea? yell[2 cr[n c9]e\s1 eye /ripe & e>s black2 bill sl5d]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,tanag]s are a num]\s1 &1 9 g5]al1 a beautiful tribe1 includ+ "s ( ! mo/ ri*ly col\r$ birds ( ,am]ica2 to :i* cont95t mod]n orni?ologi/s consid] !y are exclusively conf9$4 ,m4 ,temm9ck proposes to unite ) ! ,tanag]s1 sev]al birds scatt]$ 9 ! ,l9naean ,g5]a ( ,lanius1 ,loxia1 ,fr+illa1 ,pipra1 & ,motacilla4 ,?is view ( ! subject1 x may n be sup]flu\s to add1 is 9 p]fect unison ) my own4 ,9 fact1 ,i _h m$itat$ a simil> arrangem5t2 b ! appe>ance ( ,m4 ,temm9ck's "w r5d]$ ! publication ( my own rem>ks no long] necess>y4 ,! bird "h figur$ belongs to t division :i* =ms a transition to ! ,sylviae1 f :i* !y are readily di/+ui%$ by ! ?ick5$ base ( ! "u m&ible4 ,x is n uncommon 9 ! ,we/ ,indies2 b ,i _c f9d x describ$ ei!r among ! ,tanag]s1 ,f9*es1 or ,w>bl]s ( ! ,l9naean s*ool3 9 ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i may possibly be mi/ak54 ,x is repres5t$ ! size ( life1 & is suffici5tly di/+ui%$ by its specific "*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #age ,illu/ration ,,ampull>ia leuco/oma1 ,:ite-m\!d ,apple ,snail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #ih4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a te/a ovata1 rugosa1 epid]mide olivaceo-fusca2 labio ext]iore t5ui2 ap]tura alba2 umbilico vix clauso4 ,%ell oval1 wr9kl$2 epid]mis olive-br[n2 out] lip ?92 ap]ture :ite2 umbilicus ne>ly clos$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 prosecut+ my illu/rations ( ?is g5us1 ,i h c>efully exam9$ all ! specim5s 9 ! cab9ets ( my fri5ds1 & h add$ _m to my own4 ,^! mat]ials h ?r[n "s additional light on ^? species :i* ,i h already describ$1 & h enabl$ me to detect sev]al o!rs altoge!r new4 ,among ! latt] is ! %ell "h figur$1 & :i* is s r>e1 t ,i "k b "o example ( x 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,its =m is m oval ?an t ( ,a4 rugosa1 f :i* x is likewise di/+ui%$ by a v small umbilicus1 ne>ly conceal$ by ! inn] lip2 ! wr9kles are num]\s & unequal1 ! spire po9t$1 & ! ap]ture milk-:ite4 ,s9ce my rem>ks on ! ,planorbis cornu-arietis ( ,lam>ck 7 publi%$1 x has be5 discov]$ t ! %ell is furni%$ ) an op]culum3 "o ( ^! is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,s[]by3 ?us :at 0 a matt] ( d\bt becomes a fact1 & af=ds ! only sub/antial argum5t = t]m+ x an ,ampull>ia4 ,on ! o!r h&1 its aff9ities to ,planorbis 7m>k$ by its discoid1 depress$ =m1 & ! total abs5ce ( ! pill>17 rema9 9 no degree impair$4 ,! weight ( argum5t on bo? sides n[ appe>s to be s equal1 t x is a matt] ( no mom5t :e!r ?is %ell be plac$ 9 ! sy/em at ! end ( ! ,ampull>iae1 or at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,planorbes4 ,to ! g5]ality ( con*ologi/s1 ! latt] collocation w\ld appe> ! mo/ simple2 b1 on ! :ole1 ,i incl9e m to ! propriety ( consid]+ x ! t]m9al species ( ! ,ampull>iae1 or t :i* m>ks _! transition 7z ,i be=e obs]v$7 to ! ,planorbes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agf ,illu/ration ,,anodon elongatus1 ,l5g!n$ ,anodon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #if4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,a4 te/a transv]sim oblonga1 crassa1 antice compressa1 extremitate utraque rotundata2 umbonibus valde prom95tibus1 crassis2 lam9a c>d9ali convexa4 ,%ell transv]sely oblong1 ?ick1 ant]iorly compress$1 bo? extremities r\nd$2 umbones v prom95t1 ?ick2 h+e-plate convex4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is extremely r>e %ell be>s n ! lea/ resemblance to any :i* ,lam>ck has describ$1 or ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! late ,mr4 ,=/]'s collection1 & is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mrs4 ,mawe4 ,its =m is l t ( ,unio ovatus 7,mya ovata ( ,montague71 b x is a mu* ?ick] & /rong] %ell2 ! po/]ior end is greatly compress$1 b r\nd2 ! umbones convex1 rem>kably ?ick1 & deeply erod$2 ! inside pe>ly & iridesc5t1 ) a /rong fle%-col\r$ t+e2 ! ligam5tal or h+e-plate is p]fectly smoo?1 & r convex2 ! muscul> impressions are deep4 ,"o valve ( ! specim5 above allud$ to 7! only "o ,i h se571 is uncoat$1 & beautifully iridesc5t4 ,its c\ntry is unkn[n--b ,i ?9k x may prove a native ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican riv]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agg ,illu/ration ,,turb9ellus spirillus1 ,c>9at$ ,turnip ,%ell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,te/a pyri=mis vel fusi=mis1 sub-pond]osa4 ,apex papillosus4 ,columella plicata4 ,labium int]ius m>g9e dilatatum4 ,canalis elongatus1 rectus4 ,%ell pe>-%ap$ or fusi=m1 heavy4 ,apex papill>y4 ,pill> plait$4 ,int]ior lip ) ! m>g9 dilat$4 ,canal l5g!n$1 /raight4 ,g5]ic ,type4 ,voluta ,pyrum4 ,l94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,t4 pyri=mi2 spira depressa1 apice prom95te2 anfractu basali c>9ato2 labio int]iore dilatato1 albo2 columellae basi plicata4 ,%ell pe>-%ap$2 spire depress$1 apex prom95t2 basal :orl c>9at$1 int]ior lip dilat$1 :ite2 base ( ! pill> "o-plait$4 ,murex spirillus4 ,gmel91 #cedd4 ,dillwyn1 #gba4 ,m>t9i1 #c4 tab4 #aae4 f4 #ajfi4 ,knorr1 #f4 tab4 #bd4 f4 #c4 ,pyrula ,spirillus4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #adb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 assign+ a situation1 "u ! mod]n sy/em1 to ! ,murex spirillus ( ,l9naeus1 no g5us appe>s to me m adapt$ = its reception ?an t ( ,turb9ellus4 ,^! %ells 7 =m]ly bl5d$ ) ! ,l9naean ,volutes1 b are n[ deta*$ f !m z a di/9ct g5us4 ,! mo/ /rik+ peculi>ity consi/s 9 ! prolongation ( ! base into a long & /raight canal2 !y possess1 9 common ) ! ,volutes1 a papill>y spire1 &1 9 g5]al1 _! surface is smoo?4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r %ells class$ by ! ,fr5* con*ologi/s ) ?is g5us1 f _! hav+ a plait$ columella2 9 ^!1 ! apex ( ! spire is acute1 ! base truncat$1 & ! outside r\gh ) nodules or obtuse sp9es2 *>act]s s greatly at v>iance1 & s v di/9ct f ^? fir/ m5tion$1 t x becomes que/ionable :e!r ^! latt] %ells %\ld n r be class$ z a di/9ct gr\p3 9 fact1 !y are mu* m ne>ly alli$ to ,mitra & ,cancell>ia1 :i* h acute spires1 sculptur$ volutions1 & truncate bases1 ?an to ! smoo? ,turb9elli1 :i* diff] s /rik+ly 9 all ^! p>ticul>s4 ,?is %ell is common to _m p>ts ( ! ,indian ,ocean2 &1 l mo/ ( ! smoo? ,turb9elli1 has ! inn] lip dilat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agh ,illu/ration ,,buc]os coronatus1 ,coronat$ ,hornbill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4 ,ro/rum elongatum1 crassum1 inane1 deflexum1 m>g9ibus obtuse cr5atis1 epi!mate inani1 =ma v>io1 9 m&ibulam sup]iorem imposito4 ,n>es basales1 ovatae1 7l+ua brevis1 angu/a1 acuta4 ,illig]47 ,p$es gressorii4 ,bill elongat$1 ?ick1 holl[1 deflex$1 ! m>g9s obtusely cr5at$1 ) excresc5ces ( v>i\s =ms plac$ on ! upp] m&ible4 ,no/rils basal1 oval4 ,tongue %ort1 n>r[1 po9t$4 ,feet gressorial4 ,g5]ic ,types4 ,b4 ,rh9oc]os1 bicornis4 ,l9n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,b4 nig]1 abdom9e1 /ria utr9que occipitali1 apiceque rectricium albis2 ro/ro subcri/ato1 7c>9ato17 rubro4 ,%aw4 ,black ,hornbill1 ) ! abdom51 /ripe on ea* side ( ! nape1 & tip ( ! tail :ite4 ,bill slightly cre/$1 7c>9at$17 & r$4 ,le ,calao ,c\ronne male4 ,le ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',af4 vol4 v4 p4 #aag4 pl4 #bcd4 ,buc]os coronatus1 ,coronat$ ,hornbill4 ,%aw 9 ,g54 ,zool4 #h4 p4 #ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! bills ( ^! birds pres5t a m unc\? appe>ance ?an ev5 ^? ( ! ,t\cans2 _m species hav+ knobs or excresc5ces :i* seem to gr[ out ( ! bill itself1 & give a /range appe>ance to ! bird4 ,! :ole tribe are natives only ( ! tropical p>ts ( ,africa & ,asia2 fe$+ on animal sub/ances1 ei!r liv+ or dead4 ,le ,vaillant discov]$ ?is bird 9 ,caffr>ia2 congregat+ 9 flocks ( ne> #ejj1 along ) cr[s & vultures1 ov] ! rema9s ( slaught]$ elephants4 ,x frequ5ts =e/s1 p]*+ on high1 & g5]ally )]$ trees2 x likewise de/roys insects4 ,! specim5 n[ be=e me is ab\t ! size ( a magpie2 ! :ite coll> only surr\nds ! back ( ! head1 & is n well def9$2 ! c>9at$ process on ! bill ends abruptly1 & n gradually1 z se5 9 ,le ,vaillant's figure2 ! m>g9s are obtusely cr5at$1 ! tail ev51 & ! two middle fea!rs entirely black4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #agi ,illu/ration ,,muscipeta labrosa1 ,r$-lipp$ ,flycat*]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aaf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,m4 nitide nigra2 rictu labroso1 rubro2 cruribus infra g5ua plumatis4 ,glossy black2 gape m>g9$ by a r$ sk92 legs fea!r$ beyond ! knees4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is bird1 ?\gh unattractive 9 its col\rs1 is nev]!less v rem>kable4 ,x may be almo/ said to h lips2 = r\nd ! gape1 at ea* angle ( ! m\?1 is a n>r[ loose sk92 p]fectly nak$1 & r project+4 ,?is s+ul>ity is increas$ by its col\r 9 ! live bird2 :i*1 by a note atta*$ to ! specim51 is /at$ to be ( a beautiful r$4 ,x seems a species hi!rto unkn[n1 & 0 f\nd ne> ! ,great ,fi% ,riv] ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,! figure is r less ?an ! natural size2 ! :ole plumage deep black2 gloss$ ) blui% gre5 9 e "p b ! quill & tail fea!rs2 ! quills inside are grey1 m>g9$ ) olive2 ! fir/ ( ^! is v %ort1 ! second & ?ird %ort] ?an ! f\r?1 & ! two next are ne>ly ( equal l5g?4 ,! tail has t5 fea!rs1 & is ev51 except ! two out] pair1 :i* are progressively %ort]4 ,! bill r ?ick & /rong1 ! culm9e n v app>5t1 ! upp] m&ible /rongly not*$1 ! "u b slightly2 ! no/rils are hid by ?ickset incumb5t fea!rs1 mix$ ) hairs2 ^! cov] ! ap]ture1 :i* is r l>ge1 r\nd1 & encircl$ by a n>r[ membrane4 ,! legs are v %ort1 ! ?ree =e-toes unit$ z f> z ! fir/ jo9t1 ! h9d-toe %ort2 ! claws ( all are small1 & ! sole ( ! foot p]fectly flat1 l ! ,bee-eat]s4 ,i h be5 m9ute 9 not+ ^! *>act]s1 because1 al?\gh ! bird w /& at pres5t 9 ! great family ( ! ,flycat*]s1 !re is no d\bt !y w h]eaft] be divid$ into di/9ct gr\ps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #ahj ,illu/ration ,,turdus vocif]ans1 ,call+ ,?ru%4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,t4 c9]eus1 infra f]rug9eus2 temporibus auribusque nigris2 caudae rotundatae p5nis m$iis nigris1 lat]ibus f]rug9eis4 ,c9]e\s1 b5ea? f]rug9\s2 e>s & sides ( ! head black2 tail r\nd$1 middle fea!rs black1 lat]al fea!rs f]rug9\s4 ,le ,reclammeur4 ,le ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',af4 tom4 #c4 p4 #cc1 pl4 #ajd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i c f9d no acc\nt ( ?is bird 9 any writ] besides ,le ,vaillant1 :o discov]$ x dur+ 8 travels 9 ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,he says ! note ( ! male bird is l\d & melodi\s1 & is he>d 9 ! morn+ & ev5+ f ! highe/ bran*es ( l(ty trees2 ! sexes be+ usually se5 toge!r4 ,le ,vaillant relates an amus+ anecdote1 :i* well illu/rates ! peculi> note ( ! male3--,"o ( 8 ,dut* ,hott5tots1 by "n ,piet1 hav+ %ot a female1 its mate cont9u$ to fly ar\nd him1 utt]+ its cry1 :i* s mu* resembl$ ! ,dut* words ( ,piet myn vr[1 7or1 ',pet]--my wife1'7 t ! poor lad 7p]fectly a/oni%$7 took to 8 heels1 & v[$ nev] m to h&le a gun4 ,l5g? sev5 in*es & a half2 ! upp] plumage is d>k c9]e\s3 on ea* side ! head is a /ripe ( black1 :i* encircles ! eye1 & =ms a pat* on ! e>s3 ! :ole ( ! "u plumage is cle> f]rug9\s yell[ or bright buff col\r2 ! rump & lat]al tail fea!rs ! same1 ! middle pair be+ entirely black2 ! next pair has likewise a n>r[ m>g9 ( ! same col\r3 quills & w+-cov]s dusky br[n1 ) pale c9]e\s m>g9s4 ,tail r\nd$3 legs pale3 irides hazel3 bill r small & black1 compress$ ! :ole l5g?1 & hav+ weak bri/les at its base4 ,?is bird obvi\sly belongs to ! ,?ru%es2 b z ,i h n yet def9$ ! ext5t ( ! g5us to my own satisfaction1 ,i refra9 at pres5t f propos+ its *>act]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #aha ,illu/ration ,,voluta ,pusio1 ,dw>f ,volute4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #afa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,v4 te/a ovato-obtusa1 flavesc5te1 fasciis pallidis1 maculis fulvis int]/9ctis c9cta2 anfractu basali obtuse nodoso2 spira brevissima1 acuta2 columella incrassata1 multiplicata4 ,%ell ovate-obtuse1 yell[i%1 ) pale b&s & fulv\s spots2 body :orl cr[n$ by compress$ obtuse nodules2 spire v %ort1 acute2 pill> ?ick5$ ) _m plaits4 ,voluta ,pusio4 ,swa9son1 9 ,tillo*'s ,ph4 ,j\rnal1 vol4 #fa4 p4 #cgh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,lam>ck's rec5t acc\nt ( ?is g5us1 9 ! la/ volume ( 8 ,animaux1 conta9s b two species 9 addition to ^? long ago describ$ by him 9 ! ,annales du ,mus42 ?us omitt+ _m ( ^? new ,volutes :i* ( late ye>s h be5 discov]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is naturali/ has creat$ five species f ! v>ieties ( ,v4 musica ,l94 re/+ _! *>act]s on col\r1 b&s1 & ! numb] ( ! less] or spuri\s plaits on ! pill>4 ,x requires no argum5t to prove t ^! pr9ciples ( di/9ction are ! mo/ unc]ta9 he c\ld h *os52 sc>cely two specim5s ( ,v4 musica be+ f\nd alike4 ,^! suppos$ species mu/1 !re=e1 aga9 m]ge into "o4 ,! %ell be=e u has m important *>act]s2 ! body :orl is q smoo?1 b cr[n$ by compress$ truncat$ nodules2 ! spire rem>kably %ort1 & ! tip acute2 9 o!r respects x approa*es to ,v4 viresc5s ,sol4 7,polyzonalis ,lam47 & to ,v4 fulva ,lam4 ,i h nei!r ( ^! %ells at pres5t be=e me2 b if ,lam>ck's description ( !m1 & ! figures :i* he has cit$1 be correct1 ,i h no d\bt !y are b "o species2 ,v4 polyzonalis be+ ! smoo?1 & ,v4 fulva be+ ! nodul\s v>iety ( ,sol&]'s ,v4 viresc5s4 ,9 fact1 ,lam>ck says bo? %ells are transv]sely /riat$4 ,v4 pusio is a %ell ( ! greate/ r>ity1 & is describ$ f a specim5 9 ! collection ( my fri5d ,mr4 ,brod]ip4 ,its =m is p]fect1 b its col\rs are some:at fad$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pl4 #ahb ,illu/ration ,,cypraea spadicea1 ,*esnut ,c[ry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]ic ,,"*4--,see ,pl4 #aaa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,specific ,,"*4 ,c4 te/a ovata1 oblonga1 immaculata2 dorso rufo2 v5tre albo2 lat]ibus lividis4 ,%ell ovate-oblong1 unspott$2 ! back r$di% *esnut2 belly :ite2 sides livid4 ,c4 spadicea4 ,swa9son1 9 ,tillo*'s ,ph4 ,mag4 vol4 #fa4 p4 #cgf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 %ape & g5]al aspect ?is %ell some:at resembles ,c4 onyx2 b its col\rs are s peculi>1 t x _c be mi/ak5 = t or any o!r kn[n species3 ! "u side 7or belly7 is convex & pure :ite2 ! sulcations betwe5 ! tee? ( ! ap]ture wide1 %ort1 & b fa9tly m>k$2 ! sides livid1 t+$ ) fle% col\r4 ,?ree specim5s h fall5 "u my obs]vation2 "o ( :i*1 be+ "y1 %[$ ! int]nal col\r ( ! back to be dull purple2 !y 7 all receiv$ by ,mrs4 ,mawe f ! ,s\? ,seas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cypraea sangu9ol5ta 7,middle figures47 99 99 99 99 99 ,c4 te/a ovato-oblonga1 dorso punctis fuscis1 nebulosis1 obsito2 lat]ibus inc>nato-violaceis1 livide guttatis2 v5tre depresso4 ,%ell ovate-oblong1 ! back cl\d$1 & dott$ ) br[n2 sides fle%-col\r$ violet1 ) d>k livid spots2 belly depress$4 ,c4 te/a ovato-oblonga1 c9]eo-ca]ulesc5te1 fulvo vel fusco fasciata1 lat]ibus inc>nato-violaceis1 sangu9eo-punctatis4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #cif4 ,c4 sangu9ol5ta4 ,gmel91 #cdjf4 ,turton1 #d4 p4 #cce4 ,dill4 #dde4 ,m>t9i1 #a4 t4 #bf4 f4 #bfe1 #bff4 ,ency4 ,me?4 pl4 #cef4 f4 #ab4 ,c4 purpurasc5s4 ,sw4 9 ,tillo*'s ,ph4 ,mag4 #fa4 p4 #cgf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gmel9 & ,lam>ck h bo? describ$ ! lat]al spots on ?is %ell z blood-r$4 ,_! descriptions 9 o!r respects are loose1 & ! figures by ,m>t9i s bad1 t x is ) "s d\bt ,i h "h plac$ my purpurasc5s z a v>iety ( ,gmel9's sangu9ol5ta4 ,! back ( ! %ell is m9utely freckl$ ) br[n2 ! "u "p 7or belly7 is flatt5$2 ! spots on ! sides d>k livid purple1 & ! base ( ! ap]ture effuse4 ,x is1 ,i believe1 a native ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]al ,,index ,,( ,,lat9 ,,& ,,engli% ,,names ,,to ,,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,9 ,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,publication4 ,pl4 ,pl4 ,ampull>ia corrugata #abj ,wr9kl$ ,apple-snail #abj ,c9nyris ,javanica #aba ,javanese ,creep] #aba ,a*at9a virg9ea1 v>4 #a #abb ,common /rip$ ,a*at9a #abb & #b ditto1 v>4 #c & #d #abc ditto #abc ,lic9ia ,crisia #abd ,lic9ia ,crisia #abd ,papilio ,n]ius #abe ,papilio ,n]ius #abe ,conus vitul9us1 v>4 #abf ,orange fox ,cone #abf maldivus #abg ,spani%-,admiral ,cone #abg ditto *esnut1 v>4 #abh ditto *esnut1 v>4 #abh ,melliphaga torquata #abi ,:ite-coll>$ ,honeysuck] #abi ,tro*ilus latip5nis1 male #acj ,grey sickle-w+$ ,h4 ,bird #acj ditto1 female #aca ditto1 female #aca ,macroglossum annulosum #acb ,macroglossum annulosum #acb fasciatum ib4 fasciatum ib4 ,!cla ,mac>ia #acc ,*esnut-spott$ ,hair-/reak #acc ,/rombus exu/us #acd ,burnt-m\!d ,/rombus #acd l5tig9osus ib4 ,tub]culat$ ,/rombus ib4 tricornis #ace ,horn$ ,/rombus #ace ,ampull>ia crassa #acf ,?ick ,apple-snail #acf oblonga ib4 ,oblong ditto ib4 ,papilio ,polybius #acg ,papilio ,polybius #acg ,malurus g>rulus #ach ,noisy ,s(t-tail ,w>bl] #ach ,sylvia plumbea #aci ,grey-back$ ,w>bl] #aci ,troglodytes rectiro/ris #adj ,/raight-bill$ ,wr5 #adj ,psittacus *ryseurus #ada ,gold5-tail$ ,p>rot #ada ,nect>9ia flaveola #adb ,yell[-belli$ ,nect>9ia #adb ,ampull>ia sordida #adc ,br[n ,apple-snail #adc puncticulata ib4 ,oval1 punctur$ ditto ib4 ,eburna ,val5tiana #add ,arabian ,eburna #add tessellata #ade ,tessellat$ ditto #ade ,pacifica #adf ,s\? ,sea ditto #adf ,muscipeta c>9ata #adg ,keel-bill$ ,flycat*] #adg ,emb]iza cri/ata #adh ,cre/$ ,bunt+ #adh ,ca/nia ,fabricii #adi ,r$ und]w+ ,day-mo? #adi ,sph9x fasciata #aej ,sph9x fasciata #aej ,lea*ii ib4 ,lea*ii ib4 ,alc$o semitorquata #aea ,half-coll>$ ,k+sfi%] #aea ,a*at9a mela/oma #aeb ,black-m\!d ,a*at9a #aeb ,/rombus lobatus #aec ,lob$ or br9dl$ ,/rombus #aec ,psittacus ,malacc5sis #aed ,blue-rump$ ,p>rot #aed ,psittacus viridissimus #aee ,gre5 ,p>rot #aee ,fr+illa oryzivora #aef ,paddy-bird1 or ,java ,sp>r[ #aef ,ampull>ia effusa #aeg ,ribbon ,apple-snail #aeg luteo/oma ib4 ,yell[-m\!d ditto ib4 ,p9na bullata #aeh ,ruf\s ,p9na #aeh ,satyrus arg5teus #aei ,satyrus arg5teus #aei ,anodon purpurasc5s #afj ,purple ,anodon #afj ,voluta punctata #afa ,r$-dott$ ,volute #afa ,a*at9a fasciata1 v>4 #afb ,b&$ ,a*at9a1 #c v>4 #afb ,hemipodius nivosus #afc ,:ite-spott$ ,turnix #afc ,sylvia annulosa #afd ,:ite-ey$ ,w>bl] #afd ditto1 v>4 beta #afe ,ditto1 ,new ,holl& v>iety #afe ,bulimus citr9us #aff ,citron ,bulimus1 #c v>4 #aff ,anodon crassus #afg ,?ick ,anodon #afg ,rampha/os ambiguus #afh ,d\btful ,t\can #afh ,pt]oglossus viridis #afi ,gre5 ,arac>i 7male7 #afi ,malurus ,africanus #agj ,african ,s(t-tail #agj ,unio fragilis #aga ,fragile ,riv]-mussel #aga ,ampull>ia reflexa #agb ,purple ,apple-snail #agb ,gall9ula ruficollis1 v>4 #agc ,black-belli$ ,gall9ule #agc ,tanagra canicapilla #agd ,grey-cr[n$ ,tanag] #agd ,ampull>ia leuco/oma #age ,:ite-m\!d ,apple-snail #age ,anodon elongatus #agf ,l5g!n$ ,anodon #agf ,turb9ellus spirillus #agg ,c>9at$ ,turnip-%ell #agg ,buc]os coronatus #agh ,coronat$ ,hornbill #agh ,muscipeta labrosa #agi ,r$-lipp$ ,flycat*] #agi ,turdus vocif]ans #ahj ,call+ ,?ru% #ahj ,voluta pusio #aha ,dw>f ,volute #aha ,cypraea spadicea #ahb ,cypraea spadicea #ahb sangu9ol5ta ib4 sangu9ol5ta ib4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,g5]al ,,alphabetic ,,index ,,( ,,lat9 ,,& ,,engli% ,,names ,,to ,,volume ,,iii4 ,pl4 ,a*at9a fasciata1 v>41 #afb melo/oma1 #aeb virg9ea1 v>41 #abb ditto1 ditto1 #abc b&$1 #afb black-m\!d1 #aeb common1 /rip$1 #abb ditto1 v>41 #abc ,alc$o semitorquata1 #aea ,ampull>ia corrugata1 #abj crassa1 #acf effusa1 #aeg leuco/oma1 #age leuteo/oma1 #aeg oblonga1 #acf puncticulata1 #adc reflexa1 #agb sordida1 #adc ,anodon crassus1 #afg elongatus1 #agf purpurasc5s1 #afj l5g!n$1 #agf ?ick1 #afg purple1 #afj ,apple-snail1 br[n1 #adc oblong1 #acf oval1 punctur$1 #adc purple1 #agb ribbon1 #aeg ?ick1 #acf :ite-m\!d1 #age wr9kl$1 #abj yell[-m\!d1 #age ,arac>i1 gre51 #afi ,bulimus citr9us1 v>41 #aff citron1 gre5 v>iety1 ib4 ,buc]os1 ,g54 ,*>41 #agh coronatus1 ib4 ,bunt+1 cre/$1 #adh ,ca/nia1 ,g54 ,*>41 #adi ,fabricii1 ib4 ,c9nyris ,javanica1 #aba ,conus maldivus1 #abg ditto1 v>41 #abh vitul9us1 v>41 #abf ,cone1 ,spani%-,admiral1 #abg ditto1 *esnut v>iety1 #abh orange1 fox1 #abf ,creep]1 ,javanese1 #aba ,cypraea spadicea1 #ahb sangu9ol5ta1 ib4 ,day-mo?1 r$ und]w+1 #adi ,eburna1 ,g54 ,*>41 #add ,pacifica1 #adf tessellata1 #ade ,val5tiana1 #add ,arabian1 ib4 ,s\? ,sea1 #adf tesselat$1 #ade ,emb]iza1 ,g54 ,*>41 #adh cri/ata1 ib4 ,flycat*]1 keel-bill$1 #adg r$-lipp$1 #agi ,fr+illa1 ,g54 ,*>41 #aef oryzivora1 ib4 ,gall9ula1 ,g54 ,*>41 #agc ruficollis1 v>41 ib4 ,gall9ule1 black-belli$1 v>41 ib4 ,hair-/reak1 *esnut-spott$1 #acc ,hemipodius1 ,g54 ,*>41 #afc nivosus1 ib4 ,honey-suck]1 :ile-coll>$1 #abi ,humm+-bird1 ,grey sickle-w+1 #acj ditto1 female1 #aca ,java ,sp>r[1 or ,paddy-bird1 #aef ,k+sfi%]1 half-coll>$1 #aea ,lic9ia ,crisia1 #abd ,macroglossum annulosum1 #acb fasciatum1 ib4 ,malurus1 ,g54 ,*>41 #ach ,africanus1 #agj g>rulus1 #ach ,melliphaga torquata1 #abi ,muscipeta c>9ata1 #adg labrosa1 #agi ,nect>9a flaveola1 #adb yell[-belli$1 ib4 ,paddy-bird1 or ,java ,sp>r[1 #aef ,papilio ,n]ius1 #abe ,polybius1 #acg ,p>rot1 gold5-tail$1 #ada blue-rump$1 #aed gre51 #aee ,p9na1 ,g54 ,*>41 #aeh bullata1 ib4 ,p9na1 ruf\s1 ib4 ,psittacus *ryseurus1 #ada ,malacc5sis1 #aed viridissimus1 #aee ,pt]oglossus viridis1 #afi ,rampha/os ambiguus1 #afh ,riv]-mussel1 fragile1 #aga ,satyrus1 ,g54 ,*>41 #aei arg5teus1 ib4 ,/rombus exu/us1 #acd l5tig9osus1 ib4 lobatus1 #aec tricornis1 #ace burnt-m\!d1 #acd tub]culat$1 ib4 ,/rombus1 horn$1 #ace lob$1 or br9dl$1 #aec ,sph9x fasciata1 #aej ,lea*ii1 ib4 ,sylvia1 ,g54 ,*>41 #aci annulosa1 #afd ditto1 v>41 #afe plumbea1 #aci ,s(t-tail1 noisy1 #ach ,african1 #agj ,tanagra1 ,g54 ,*>41 #agd canicapilla1 ib4 ,tanag]1 grey-cr[n$1 ib4 ,!cla ,mac>ia1 #acc ,?ru%1 call+1 #ahj ,tro*ilus latip5nis1 male1 #acj ditto1 female1 #aca ,troglodytes1 ,g54 ,*>41 #adj rectiro/ris1 ib4 ,turb9ellus1 ,g54 ,*>41 #agg spirillus1 ib4 ,turdus vocif]ans1 #ahj ,turnip-%ell1 c>9at$1 #agg ,turnix1 :ite-spott$1 #afc ,voluta1 ,g54 ,*>41 #afa pusio1 #aha punctata1 #afa ,volute1 dw>f1 #aha r$-dott$1 #afa ,unio fragilis1 #aga ,w>bl]1 olive-back$1 #aci :ite-ey$1 #afd ,new ,holl& v>iety1 #afe ,wr51 /raight-bill$1 #adj 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sy/ematic ,,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,v]tebrosa4 ,,"p ,,iii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,orni?ology4 ,pl4 ,,c9nyris ,javanica #aba ,,melliphaga torquata #abi ,,tro*ilus latip5nis1 male #acj ditto1 female #aca ,,malurus g>rulus #ach ,africanus #agj ,,sylvia plumbea #aci annulosa #afd ditto1 ,new ,holl& v>iety #afe ,,troglodytes rectiro/ris #adj ,,psittacus *ryseurus #ada ,malacc5sis #aed viridissimus #aee ,,nect>9ia flaveola #adb ,,muscipeta c>9ata #adg labrosa #agi ,,emb]iza cri/ata #adh ,,alc$o semitorquata #aea ,,fr+illa oryzivora #aef ,,hemipodius nivosus #afc ,,rampha/os ambiguus #afh ,,pt]oglossus viridis #afi ,,gall9ula ruficollis #agc ,,tanagra canicapilla #agd ,,buc]os coronatus #agh ,,turdus vocif]ans #ahj 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sy/ematic ,,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,entomology4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,pl4 ,,lic9ia ,crisia #abd ,,papilio ,n]ius #abe ,polybius #acg ,,!cla ,mac>ia #acc ,,macroglossum annulosum #acb fasciatum ib4 ,,sph9x fasciata #aej ,lea*ii ib4 ,,ca/nia ,fabricii #adi ,,satyrus arg5teus #aei 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sy/ematic ,,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,con*ology4 ,,"p ,,iii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,univalves4 ,pl4 ,,ampull>ia corrugata #abj crassa #acf oblonga ib4 sordida #adc puncticulata ib4 effusa #aeg luteo/oma ib4 reflexa #agb leuco/oma #age ,,a*at9a virg9ea1 v>4 #a1 #b4 #abb ditto1 v>4 #c1 #d4 #abc mela/oma #aeb fasciata1 #c v>4 #afb ,,bulimus citr9us #aff ,,conus vitul9us #abf ,maldivus #abg ditto1 v>iety #abh ,,/rombus exu/us #acd l5tig9osus ib4 tricornis #ace lobatus #aec ,,cypraea spadicea #ahb sangu9ol5ta ib4 ,,eburna ,val5tiana #add tessellata #ade ,pacifica #adf ,,voluta punctata #afa pusio #aha ,,turb9ellus spirillus #agg ,bivalves4 ,,p9na bullata #aeh ,,anodon purpurasc5s #afj crassus #afg elongatus #agf ,,unio fragilis #aga 99 99 99 99 99 ,,add5da ,,et ,,corrig5da4 ,9 ! ,sy/ematic ,index1 ,con*ology1 ,"p ,i4 = ,acephalis read ,acephales4 ,pl4 #ib4 page #a4 l9e #ac1 = caudi1 read caudis4 #bc1 = ,d5tatis read ,d5tati4 -- #c4 -- #aa f ! bottom1 = ,lepidopt]ae read ,lepidopt]a4 -- #ajb4 ,add to ! ,synonyms1 ,a4 virg9ea4 ,lam>ck4 ,sy/4 tom4 #f4 "p #b4 p4 #aca4 ,s[]by's ,g5]a4 ,a*at9a1 f4 #b4 -- #abd4 la/ l9e1 = female read male2 & 9 ! l9e above1 = male read female4 -- #abe4 = ,p4 ,nireus read ,p4 ,n]ius4 -- #abf4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #dfg4 #ee2 & = ,ency4 ,me?4 pl4 #cbf4 f4 #bjd41 read pl4 #cbf4 fig4 #b & #d4 -- #abg4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #dfe4 #ej4 -- #acd4 ,/rombus exu/us1 describ$ by ,lam>ck 7,sy/4 #g4 p4 #baa7 "u ! "n ( ,s4 ,papilio4 ,! fir/ ( ^! names1 h[ev]1 has ! "r ( priority4 7,see ,mus4 ,cal4 #agig47 ,! figures ( ,m>t9i1 tom4 #c4 tab4 #h4 f4 #hbe1 #hbf1 cle>ly repres5t ?is species2 al?\gh ,lam>ck has quot$ !m = ,s4 l5tig9osus4 ,/rombus l5tig9osus4 ,add to ! ,synonyms1 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bjc4 ,knorr1 #c4 tab4 #ac1 f4 #b4 ,lam>ck has omitt$ to quote any ( ! figures repres5t+ ! "y %ells ( ?is & ! foll[+ species4 -- #ace4 ,/4 tricornis4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bja4 -- #aci4 ,sylvia plumbea4 ,?is bird greatly resembles ! female ( ,s4 pusilla ( ,wilson 7yell[-back$ ,w>bl]1 ,la?am71 yet diff]s 9 hav+ ! belly gold5 yell[ in/ead ( :ite3 ,i 0 told1 moreov]1 t ?is 0 a male bird3 ! "o inhabits ,nor?1 & ! o!r ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,la?am's description ( 8 yell[-back$ ,w>bl]1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 is n q accurate2 z he only alludes to "o :ite b> on ! w+ cov]s1 :]eas bo? ,wilson & ,vieillot say !re are two4 -- #ade4 ,eburna tessellata4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,e4 ,arcolata1 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bhb4 #d4 -- #adf4 ,eburna ,pacifica4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,e4 lutosa8 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 #bhb4 #e4 -- #aej4 ,! upp] figure is ( ,sph9x ,lea*ii1 & ! "u ( ,s4 fasciata4 -- #aeb4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,helix reg9a4 ,f]ussac ,moll4 liv4 #ai4 pl4 #aai4 -- #aec4 ,ditto ,s4 bitub]culatus1 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #bjb4 #f4 -- #aeg4 ,amp4 ,effusa4 ,ditto1 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #f4 #b4 p4 #agh4 #e4 -- #afd4 ,add to ! ,syn4 ,le ,figui] ,t*]ic1 ,le ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',af4 #c4 pl4 #acb4 -- #aff4 ,ditto ,lam4 ,sy/4 #f4 #b4 p4 #agh4 #e4 -- #agj4 ,ditto ,le ,vaill4 ,ois4 d',af4 #c4 pl4 #aab4 f4 #b4 -- #agg4 ,ditto ,pyrula ,spirillus4 ,lam4 ,sy/4 #g4 p4 #adb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes #a ,p5dant que les naturali/es font des monographies1 des ouvrages g5]aux ou la synonymie1 les c\pes sy/ematiques sont1 a =ce de temps et de so9s1 etablies avec rigueur1 les auteurs des miscellanees1 avec quelques phrases et des noms n\veaux1 font des g5res ou des especes1 et publi5t #ej cahi]s dans lesquels les fruits de dix ans de re*]*es ou de voyages sont enleves a leurs auteurs4 7,f47--,bullet9 des ,annonces et des ,n\velles ,sci5tifiques2 publie s\s la direction de ,m4 le ,b4 de ,f]ussac4 ,n4 #d4 p4 #ec4 #b ,see ! ,sket* ,book ( ,g4 ,crayon1 vol4 i4 p4 #acj4 #c ,bullet9 des ,annonces et des ,n\velles ,sci5tifiques1 ,n4 #f4 p4 #dch4 #d ,donovan's ,naturali/'s ,repository4 #e ,! additional li/ ( synonyms subjo9$ at ! end ( ?is volume almo/ entirely ref] to "o or two books :i* h be5 subsequ5tly publi%$3 ! date ( #ahbb1 affix$ to ! sev5? volume ( ,lam>ck's ,h4 ,n4 des ,animaux sans ,v]tebres1 is consid]ably be=e ! "t x 0 issu$ to ! public4 #f ,i h appli$ ?is t]m to ! oblique desc5t made by ! umbo1 t[>ds ! basal extremity ( ! ant]ior side ( bivalves4