,transcrib]'s ,note3      ,e ef=t has   
be5 made to replicate ?is text z        
fai?fully z     possible1 includ+       
non-/&>d spell+ & punctuation4      ,"s 
*anges ( spell+ & punctuation h be5     
made4 ,!y are     li/$ at ! end ( !     
text4      ,,oe ligatures h be5 exp&$4  
,italic text has be5 m>k$ ) und]scores4 
,bold text has be5 m>k$ ) equals signs4 
,sacrific+ ! e>? = p>adise is giv+ up  !
 sub/ance = ! %ad[4   --,victor ,hugo4  
,is ,life ,wor? ,liv+  ,)\t             
,immortality8   ,a ,lecture ,deliv]$    
,be=e  ! ,indep5d5t ,religi\s  ,society1
 ,*icago   ,by  ,m4 ,m4 ,,mangas>ian    
,i may be do+ y an inju/ice1 ,b]tie1 b x
 seem$ to me 9      y\r la/ t !re 7     
indications t ! free expression (       
my religi\s views _h be5 di/a/eful to y4
 ,t y %\ld      disagree ) me ,i am     
prep>$ =2 b t y %\ld object to      free
 & hone/ discussion ( ^? subjects :i*   
above all o!rs      m5 %\ld be hone/    
ov]1 w\ld1 ,i confess1 be a             
disappo9tm5t4      ,! ,free-?9k] is     

plac$ at ?is disadvantage 9 ord9>y      
society1 t :]eas x w\ld be consid]$ v   
bad ta/e ^u      8 "p to obtrude 8      
unor?odox op9ion1 no su* consid]ation   
hamp]s ^? ) :om he disagrees4 ,!re 0 a  
"t :5 x took      a brave man to be a   
,*ri/ian4 ,n[ x takes a brave man n to  
be4   ,,sir ,a4 ,,conan ,,doyle1  ,!    
,/>k ,munro ,lett]s--,f\r? ,lett]4      
,is ,life ,wor? ,liv+ ,)\t ,immortality8
   ,is life wor? liv+8 ,if we are 9 good
 heal?1 x c]ta9ly is4 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se1  
ev5 to ask su* a "q implies t we are n  
at our be/4 ,x is ! sick1 m5tally z well
 z physically1 :o "q ! value ( life4 ,we
 _c appreciate heal? too highly4 ,our   
philosophy ( life is m pr(\ndly affect$ 
by ! condition ( our body ?an we h any  
idea4 ,if ,i 7 compos+ a new set (      
beatitudes1 "o ( !m w\ld be 9 exaltation
 ( heal?3  ,bless$ are !y t h heal?1 =  
!y %all take pleasure 9 life4  ,heal?   
also inspires fai? 9 life4 ,! fir/      
comm&m5t ( ! decalogue1 in/ead ( read+1 
,?\ %alt h no o!r gods be=e me1 :i* is  

metaphysical & )\t def9ite mean+1 c\ld )
 mu* advantage be alt]$ to read3  ,?\   
%alt n trifle ) ?y heal?4  ,h[ =tunate x
 w\ld h be5 = man _h ! ,deity giv5 t z 8
 fir/ & be/ ?\ght to ! _w6 ,!n1 inde$1  
w\ld he h be5 ! fri5d ( man4 ,we _c     
pres]ve our heal? )\t obs]v+ all ! o!r  
comm&m5ts--( temp]ance1 purity1 sanity1 
self possession1 cont5tm5t1 & s]5ity (  
m9d4 ,behold ,i br+ unto y heal? ought  
to be ! glad tid+s ( salvation4 ,give u 
t1 & all ! re/ w be add$ unto u4 ,heal? 
is ! f\ndation ( "*4 ,if ! f\ndation is 
insecure--if we h inh]it$ disease &     
corruption1 we c be s\nd1 nei!r 9 our   
?\ghts nor 9 our actions4 ,! "t may come
 :5 to be sickly w be consid]$ a crime4 
,a revolution 9 our feel+s 9 ?is matt]  
is already tak+ place4 ,=m]ly x 0 ?\ght 
t ! pa? to self-developm5t is ?r\gh     
sorr[ & suff]+1 & t ! sick 7 ! sa9ts4 ,!
 v]dict ( sci5ce today1 :i* has be5     
confirm$ by ! gr[+ exp]i5ce ( man1 is t 
pleasurable activity is ! mo/ :olesome  
environm5t = man4 ,happ9ess has ^u human

 nature ! same effect t ! sun%9e has ^u 
! soil4 ,man is a failure if he is n    
happy4 ,! highe/ accompli%m5t is !      
ability to enjoy life4 ,to ^? :o say t  
s]vice or usefulness is ! noble/ aim (  
life1 we answ]1 ,:y %\ld ^? :o s]ve !   
noble/ ends ( life be unhappy8  ,b let  
me fir/ pres5t to y ! answ] :i* "o (    
,am]ica's be/ kn[n psy*ologi/s1 ,pr(4   
,william ,james1 ( ,h>v>d1 gives to ?is 
mo/ int]e/+ "q4 ,pr(4 ,james is a tea*] 
n only ( ! "y m5 9 "o ( our lead+       
,univ]sities1 b 8 ideas h become a "p ( 
! furniture ( ! ,am]ican m9d4 ,bo? 8    
?\ght & ! c&or ) :i* he expresses       
himself h secur$ = him a l>ge foll[+4   
,pr(4 ,james has an engag+ /yle4 ,n t he
 is n also a pr(\nd ?9k]1 b 8 s5t5ces   
are z symmetrical z !y are solid4 ,he   
writes to be und]/ood4 ,t1 ,i take x1 is
 ! secret ( ! ma/]s ( /yle4 ,! gods     
always speak f beh9d cl\ds & d>kness4 ,t
 expla9s :y x is s difficult to und]/&  
:at !y say4 ,b ! great tea*]s p]mit no  
scre5s1 drap]ies1 curta9s1 or hang+s (  

any sort to come betwe5 !m & ! public4  
,!re is no?+ hidd5 ab\t _! ?\ghts4      
,nei!r d !y speak 9 p>ables4 ,:oev] c n 
make himself und]/ood %\ld hold 8 peace4
  ,! p>5ts ( ?is r5[n$ psy*ologi/ 7     
,sw$5borgians1 & ,i believe ! pr(essor  
is /ill1 nom9ally1 at lea/1 a memb] ( ! 
,sw$5borgian *ur*4 ,sw$5borg1 z y "k1 0 
a my/ic2 he 01 inde$1 a sort ( a m$ium1 
:o claim$ to h se5 & conv]s$ ) ,god face
 to face1 & to h receiv$ f him a        
supplem5t>y revelation1 9 "s su* s5se t 
,mrs4 ,eddy or ,joseph ,smi? receiv$ "o4
 ,( c\rse1 ,sw$5borg 0 also a           
philosoph]1 :i* ,smi? & ,eddy are n4 ,! 
e>ly connections & tra9+ ( ,pr(4 ,james 
expla9 9 "p 8 int]e/ 9 ! "w ( !         
,psy*ical ,rese>* ,society1 ( :i* he is 
"o ( ! (fic]s4 ,s-call$ spiriti/ or     
occult ph5om5a1 su* z automatic slate   
writ+1 table tipp+ & telepa?y1 h always 
int]e/$ ,pr(4 ,james1 b he is by no     
means an easy victim1 ?\gh he looks =w>d
 hopefully to ! "t :5 sci5ce w def9itely
 locate ! undiscov]$ c\ntry ^: b\rne has

 n yet be5 sight$4  ,"s ye>s ago :5     
,pr(4 ,james & ,i 7 summ] neighbors 9   
,new ,hamp%ire--ne> ,*ocorua lake--,i   
he>d ! pr(essor deliv] a lecture on     
hypnotism 9 ! village *ur* ( ,tamwor?4  
,an incid5t occurr$ at ! "t :i* has its 
be>+ on ! exp]i5ce our ,society is hav+ 
) ! directors ( ! ,or*e/ral             
,association4 ,:ile ,pr(4 ,james 0      
expla9+ ! ph5om5a ( hypnotism f !       
pulpit1 ,i saw1 f :]e ,i 0 sitt+1 an    
eld]ly woman %[+ signs ( re/lessness 9  
h] seat4 ,pres5tly %e rose to h] feet1  
walk$ up ! aisle sl[ly1 & tak+ h] /&    
directly 9 front ( ,pr(4 ,james on !    
plat=m1 %e upbraid$ him = desecrat+ !   
,h\se ( ,god by deliv]+ 9 x a lecture on
 hypnotism4 ,9 cle>1 ?\gh trembl+ tones1
 %e ord]$ him out ( ! *ur*4 ,naturally !
 pr(essor 0 greatly emb>rass$1 z 0 also 
8 audi5ce4 ,! old woman1 h[ev]1 0 soon  
prevail$ ^u by ! eld]s ( ! *ur* to      
resume h] seat & keep ! peace4 ,b %e 0  
try+ to ou/ ,pr(4 ,james f ! *ur*1 z !  
tru/ees ( ?is build+ are try+ to ou/ our

 ,society f ?is hall1 on acc\nt (       
religi\s diff]5ces4 ,! old woman ( ,new 
,hamp%ire 0 n successful1 & ,i tru/ t ! 
old woman ( ,*icago w n f>e any bett]4  
,to close a hall to a movem5t is an easy
 ?+1 b to close ! e> ( ! _w to its      
message is n s easy4  ,i h spok5 ( !    
e>ly education ( ,pr(4 ,james 9 ord] to 
expla9 ! metaphysical b5t ( 8 m9d4 ,z a 
psy*ologi/1 he has an int]national      
reputation1 b 8 greate/ vogue is among1 
:at are call$1 ! lib]al ,*ri/ians4 ,!   
or?odox h no use = him1 b to ^? :o are  
endeavor+ to int]pret ,*ri/ianity s z to
 make x h>monize ) mod]n ?\ght--:o are  
fill+ ! anci5t sk9s ) w9e newly         
press$--he is a def5d] & a *ampion ( !  
fai?4 ,pr(4 ,james seems to h discov]$ a
 way by :i* "o c be a sci5ti/ & a       
sup]naturali/ at ! same "t4 ,he appe>s  
to be ( ! op9ion t a p]son may d5y or   
reject _m ( ! or?odox dogmas1 & /ill be 
ju/ifi$ 9 call+ himself a ,*ri/ian4 ,he 
is1 9 fact1 "o ( ! ,new ,!ologians1 :o  
are suppos$ to h recon/ruct$            

,*ri/ianity1 & sav$ ! sup]natural4 ,=   
?is s]vice1 ,pr(4 ,james & 8 confr]es   
are held 9 high e/eem by ^? :o w\ld h _h
 to give up ,*ri/ianity b = _! timely   
help4  ,9 8 lecture on1 ,is ,life ,wor? 
,liv+1 ! pr(essor admits t he is writ+ =
 ! pessimi/s4 ,x is !y :o are 9 ! to be 
or n to be mood ( m9d4 ,! optimi/ does n
 ne$ consolation1 = he is incapable (   
ev5 suspect+ t life is n wor? liv+4 ,"s 
temp]am5ts are z incapable ( depression 
or gloom1 z o!rs are ( happ9ess4 ,if !re
 are p>ts ( ! _w on :i* ! sun nev] goes 
d[n1 s !re are natures :i* "k no night4 
,we make a mi/ake1 h[ev]1 if we ?9k t ! 
pessimi/ repres5ts a l[] type ( m5tal   
evolution4 ,on ! contr>y1 pessimism     
comes ) civilization1 & x g5]ally       
attacks m5 & wom5 ( a high] culture4    
,suicide is r>e among ! negroes or !    
less advanc$ races2 b 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 repres5t+ ! mo/ p]fect type (          
civilization1 d[]$ magnific5tly1 & ri* 9
 ! possession ( ! treasures ( art &     
nature2 9 ,am]ica1 ! home ( hope &      

opportunity--) its imm5se prairies1 its 
great ,we/1 its army ( e>?-subdu]s1     
empire-build]s1 l>ge-natur$1 g5]\s1 d>+1
 endur+1 re/less1 resi/less pione]s--m  
?an ?ree ?\s& p e ye> kill !mselves4 ,if
 we 7 to seek = an explanation ( ?is    
/range ph5om5on1 ! ne>e/ we c come to x 
w\ld be to say t ^! p pref] dea? to life
 because !y d n f9d life wor? _! :ile4  
,!re is n en\gh 9 x to satisfy !m4 ,to  
use an ,em]sonian phrase1 life is to !m 
no m ?an a suck$ orange4 ,:5 ! p]fume1 !
 aroma1 ! ta/e1 ! t9ts1 & ! juices h be5
 extract$ f ! fruit--:o c>es = :at is   
left4  ,( c\rse1 ^! rem>ks h no ref]5ce 
to ! cases ( sudd5 suicide1 committ$ 9 a
 mom5t ( fr5zy--:5 a man driv51 z x 71  
by a /orm 9 ! bra91 lets g ( 8 hold &   
slips into ! d>kness4 ,! pr(essor has 9 
m9d r ^? :o ev5 ?\gh !y d n commit      
suicide1 live on reluctantly1 "u prote/1
 & :o treat life z we w\ld a gue/ :o has
 ov]/aid 8 welcome1 & to ^: f9al        
dep>ture we look =w>d ) pleasure4  ,b   
!re is /ill ano!r class ( pessimi/s :o  

ne$ to be reason$ )4 ,^! are ! p :o     
brood ov] ! exi/5ce ( evil 9 ! _w1 &    
feel ! mis]y ( ! _m s ke5ly1 t !y ?9k x 
involves a po9t ( honor to cons5t to be 
happy 9 su* a _w4 ,! contemplation (    
human sorr[1 ! surg+ waves ( :i* break  
^u e %ore2 & ! cry ( human angui% ris+ l
 ! bl9d cry ( all ! seas t roll1 has a  
t5d5cy to slack5 ! hold ( ! reflective  
m9d ^u life4 ,pr(4 ,james admits t      
pessimism is ess5tially a religi\s      
disease1 9 ! s5se t x results f !       
inability ( man to ent]ta9 two          
contradictory ?\ghts at ! same "t3 ,a   
fa!r 9 heav51 ^: t5d] m]cies are ov] all
 8 *ildr51 & *ildr5 dy+ ( hung] &       
neglect6 ,inf9ite wisdom en?ron$ 9      
heav51 & a _w runn+ topsy-turvy4 ,!     
ref9$ m9d _c contemplate ?is            
contradiction )\t di/ress4 ,if ,god is  
ev]y:]e1 :y is !re d>kness any:]e8 ,if  
!re is )9 rea* an ocean ( tru?1 :y is x 
dol$ out to u 9 driblets :i* h>dly wet  
our lips1 :5 we are burn+ ) ?ir/8       
,religion provokes desires :i* x _c     

satisfy1 & makes promises :i* x w n     
fulfil4 ,x is ?is contradiction :i*     
bites ! s\l black & blue4 ,god is       
inf9ite6 & behold we are />v+4 ,god is  
light6 & we grope 9 d>kness4 ,god is    
great6 & we _c budge )\t crut*es4 ,x is 
?is ?\ght :i* teases u out ( our peace (
 m9d4 ,! idea ( a ,god1 gift$ ) inf9ite 
p>ts1 measur$ aga9/ ! helplessness (    
man1 makes = pessimism4  ,b 9 ! op9ion (
 ,pr(4 ,james1 religion alone c cure !  
disease :i* religion creates4 ,by       
religion1 he does n mean m]ely lov+ "o's
 neighbor & be+ loyal to "o's be/       
?\ghts4 ,religion1 accord+ to ,pr(4     
,james1 means ! belief t beyond ?is     
pres5t life1 !re is an unse5 _w ( :i* we
 n[ "k no?+ positive b 9 its relation to
 :i* ! significance ( our mundane life  
consi/s4 ,if ?is is ! fir/ act ( an     
un5d+ drama1 x w\ld h great wor? &      
significance1 b if x is a deta*$ &      
disconnect$ piece1 ^u :i* ! curta9 w    
soon fall nev] to rise aga9--if x is    
nev] go+ to be f9i%$--x loses1 accord+  

to ,pr(4 ,james1 its s]i\sness4 ,9 o!r  
words1 x is ! belief t man is an et]nal 
be+ :om no cata/rophe c cru% or         
annihilate1 :i* makes our pres5t exi/5ce
 wor? :ile1 & :i* also reconciles u to !
 discipl9e ( pa9 & evil4 ,life is wor?  
liv+1 9 %ort1 if man is immortal4 ,?is  
is ! drift ( ,pr(4 ,james' tea*+1 z x is
 also t ( all sup]naturali/s4  ,:at     
evid5ce does ! pr(essor (f] to prove !  
exi/5ce ( an unse5 _w & ! immortality ( 
man8 ,he (f]s none4 ,he admits t sci5ce 
has n z yet demon/rat$ ! reality ( an   
invisible _w4 ,p]haps x nev] w1 b :at ( 
t8 ,y h got a "r to believe 9 an unse5  
_w1 decl>es ! pr(essor4 ,is x n int]e/+8
 ,x w be se5 t if ! pr(essor has no     
evid5ce1 he has _m argum5ts4 ,"o ( 8    
argum5ts is t1 s9ce1 we mu/ ei!r believe
 or disbelieve 9 a future life1         
neutrality 9 ! matt] be+ an unatta9able 
?+1 :y n take our *oice1 & :ile we are  
at x1 *oose immortality4 ,ano!r argum5t 
is1 t z our long+s & ye>n+s 9 o!r       
directions h turn$ out to be prophetic1 

we h e reason to believe t ! desire =   
et]nal life also w be fulfill$4 ,art1   
sci5ce1 music1 heal?1 h come to u       
because ( an inn] impulse :i* prompt$ u 
to g aft] !m4 ,a simil> impulse urges u 
to seek ! div9e1 :i* is a sort ( pro( t 
! div9e exi/s4 ,/ill ano!r argum5t is   
?is3 ,all ! great successes or          
a*ievem5ts ( life came z a result ( !   
c\rage t takes risks4 ,)\t audacity1 man
 w\ld nev] h cross$ ! ocean1 or inv5t$ !
 a]oplane4 ,if ! belief 9 immortality   
requires ! tak+ ( risks1 if x is haz>d\s
 ev5 to hold x1 we %\ld n hesitate on t 
acc\nt1 s9ce "s ( ! be/ ?+s h come to u 
by tak+ risks4 ,/>t out = ,god &        
immortality2 & "s day y may ca/ an*or 9 
! %9+ wat]s t lap ! %ores ( a div9e     
cont95t4 ,we are free to tru/ at our own
 risk any?+ t is n impossible1 concludes
 ! pr(essor4 ,f9ally1 !re is ! argum5t f
 analogy1 :i* ,i may expla9 by a p]sonal
 exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute 9     
,p>is1 la/ summ]1 ,i saw 9 ! vivisection
 room1 physicians 9 _! :ite aprons1     

op]at+ ^u live rabbits1 cutt+ & dissect+
 !m1 :ile ! helpless creatures 7 s fa/5$
 to ! tables t !y c\ld n move a muscle4 
,n[ all ?is mu/ seem v cruel to !       
rabbit4 ,x mu/ ?9k ! physician a but*]1 
devoid ( all feel+1 or ju/ice1 & x mu/  
p]=ce d5\nce ! _w 9 :i* su* wanton      
torture is inflict$ by ! /rong ^u !     
weak4 ,b if ! rabbit c\ld take a l>g]   
view1 if x c\ld be made to see t its    
suff]+s are contribut+ to ! progress (  
sci5ce & ! amelioration ( ! conditions (
 life ^u ?is planet1 & !reby help+ to   
ha/5 ! day :5 disease %all be conqu]$1  
w\ld x n be reconcil$ to ! physician's  
knife & ! op]at+ table8 ,! l>g] view :i*
 w\ld embrace ! _w unse5 w help to give 
to evil1 suff]+ & mis]y1 :i* n[ we d n  
und]/&1 a raison d'etre4 ,! "p ( wisdom 
z well z ( c\rage !n1 is to believe :at 
is 9 ! l9e ( our ne$s1 = only by !      
belief is ! ne$ fulfill$4 ,refuse to    
believe1 & y %all inde$ be "r1 = y %all 
irretrievably p]i%4 ,b believe1 & aga9 y
 %all be "r1 = y %all save y\rself4  ,x 

w be se5 by :at has prec$$1 t ,pr(4     
,james ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 ?r[s !      
weight ( 8 influ5ce on ! side ( ^? :o h 
always ma9ta9$ t ,god & immortality are 
indisp5sable to ! happ9ess ( man4 ,9 8  
op9ion1 :at a man w\ld be if depriv$ ( 8
 reason1 ! univ]se w\ld be if depriv$ ( 
a ,god1 & life1 ( a future exi/5ce4 ,!  
em95t psy*ologi/ takes ! fur!r position 
t x is immat]ial :e!r or n !re is any   
evid5ce to prove ! exi/5ce ( a ,god or (
 a life aft] dea?4 ,if ! belief is      
ess5tial to our happ9ess & usefulness1  
he ?9ks we h got ! "r to ent]ta9 x1     
irrespective ( ! "q ( evid5ce4 ,if !re  
is a belief ( any k9d to :i* y h tak5 a 
special fancy1 or "o t y feel l cry+ =1 
! pr(essor seems to say1 help y\rself to
 x2 y h only y\rself to suit4 ,ev5 if   
su* a belief %\ld involve an elem5t (   
risk1 we are urg$ to take ! risk4 ,if x 
requires audacity ev5 to believe 9 a    
,god & immortality1 we are told to h !  
audacity4 ,x is 8 idea t :5 we are deal+
 ) ! unkn[n1 ! important ?+ is ! he>t's 

desire1 & n ! "q ( evid5ce4 ,9 pass+1 ,i
 might sugge/ t ,pr(4 ,james w\ld nev] h
 ?\ght ( pu%+ aside ) su* non*alance1 ! 
"q ( evid5ce1 7 x n = an irrepressible  
suspicion t ! evid5ce is aga9/ him4 ,he 
hopes to d )\t ! evid5ce because !      
evid5ce w n help him4 ,?is rem9ds u ( ! 
say+ ( ! philosoph] ,hobbes1 t1 m5 are  
g5]ally aga9/ reason :5 reason is aga9/ 
!m4  ,z already intimat$1 ! lib]al p>ty 
9 ! *ur* reg>ds ,pr(4 ,james z a def5d] 
( ! fai?4 ,he is class$ ) su* m5 z ,sir 
,oliv] ,lodge & ,"l ,kelv91 :o ?\gh     
sci5ti/s /ill believe 9 ! sup]natural1 &
 by _! example h made su* a belief      
respectable4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1     
h[ev]1 t ^! di/+ui%$ m5 are ,*ri/ians   
only1 if at all1 9 a v loose s5se ( !   
^w4 ,all ! c>d9al doctr9es ( revelation1
 su* z ! creation1 ! atonem5t1 !        
inc>nation1 & a p]sonal ,god--ev5 "o1 to
 say no?+ ( a tr9ity--!y reject4 ,^!    
g5tlem5 h n en\gh fai? to be baptis$    
to-day1 _h !y n be5 baptis$ 9 _!        
*ildhood1--or to be receiv$ into any    

,*ri/ian *ur* )\t greatly /ret*+ ! rules
 9 _! behalf4 ,x rema9s !n q true1 & !  
argum5t has n yet be5 answ]$1 t !re is n
 a s+le em95t ?9k] 9 ! _w to-day :o w   
subscribe to ! cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom )\t fir/
 go+ ?r\gh x ) a blue p5cil1 or a pair (
 scissors4 ,b ,pr(4 ,james1 z also      
,lodge & ,kelv91 if !y are n            
sup]naturali/s 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w1  
nei!r are !y anti-sup]naturali/s4 ,!y   
are betwe5 & betwixt1 if ,i may use t   
phrase--n q ready to "p ) sup]naturalism
 altoge!r1 nor yet able to hold on to x 
9 its entirety1 & s !y l+] some:]e on ! 
bord]s or ! edge ( x4  ,! fir/ rem>k ,i 
h to make on ! position ( ^! newly      
recruit$ def5d]s ( sup]naturalism--ev5  
?\gh ! sup]naturalism :i* !y def5d be ( 
! att5uat$ k9d--is1 t _! argum5t is n   
ev5 an improvem5t on t ( ! !ologian4 ,i 
l ! dogmatic & autocratic1 ?us sai? !   
,"l1 ( !ology1 mu* bett] ?an ! suit     
y\rself ( ^! g5tlem54 ,! "o position is 
z de/ructive ( intellectual integrity1 z
 ! o!r4 ,! !ologian />ts ) ! fallacy t  

,god c make a ?+ true by an act ( 8 w--t
 8 say s makes all ne$ ( evid5ce        
sup]flu\s4 ,pr(4 ,james & ! m5 ( 8 s*ool
 />t ) a proposition equally fatal to ! 
tru?--namely2 t :atev] we wi% to be true
 conc]n+ ! unkn[n is true4 ,all t is    
ne$$1 = in/ance1 to give ! univ]se a    
,god is to wi% = "o4 ,all t is necess>y 
to make a man immortal is to desire &   
believe t he is4 ,! ,w to ,believe1 :i* 
is ! title ( "o ( ! pr(essor's writ+s1  
makes tru? ! creature ( man1 z !ology   
makes x ! creature ( ,god4 ,y see t aft]
 all1 ! !ologian & ! sci5tific          
sup]naturali/ pull toge!r4 ,t is to say1
 :5 sci5ce l5ds itself to !ology1 x     
ceases to be sci5tific4 ,x is n !ology t
 goes ov] to sci5ce1 b sci5ce t goes ov]
 to !ology4 ,z soon z sci5ce appe>s at !
 camp ( !ology1 x is =?) swall[$ up4 ,:5
 ,pr(4 ,james speaks ( ! w to believe1 &
 nev] m9d ! evid5ce1 he is borr[+ f     
!ology1 ! w to create ( ,god4  ,ev5 z ! 
,deity 9 creat+ did n h to consid] any?+
 b 8 glory & pleasure1 likewise man 9   

believ+ does n h to consid] any?+ b 8   
ne$s & desires4 ,ask1 ,:at is ,tru?8 & !
 !ologian answ]s3 ,:atev] ,god wants x  
to be4 ,ask n[ ! sci5ti/ allies ( !     
sup]natural1 ,:at is ,tru?1 & !y answ]3 
,:atev] man desires or craves x to be4  
,( c\rse1 x may be object$ t x is only  
conc]n+ ! unkn[n t man is p]mitt$ to    
disp5se ) evid5ce & consult 8 w4 ,b !re 
is no m]it1 = in/ance1 9 a man n tell+  
any falsehoods :]e he is sure ( be+ f\nd
 out2 8 "* is te/$ by 8 refusal to lie  
:]e he is sure he nev] w be f\nd out4 ,x
 is conc]n+ ! unkn[n ab\t :i* we c say  
any?+ & ev]y?+ we please )\t ! fe> ( ev]
 be+ caught1 t we %\ld re/ra9 ourselves 
& %[ our loyalty to ! ev]la/+ law (     
honor1 nev] to dep>t f v]acity4 ,to make
 any ass]tions ab\t ! unkn[n is to take 
an undue advantage ( "o's neighbors4    
,tru? is n m9e to d ) x z ,i please1    
said ,giordano ,bruno1 ,i mu/ obey !    
tru?1 n comm& x4 ,b ! !ologico-sci5tific
 position is ! v rev]se ( ?is4 ,if a god
 7 to ask ! "q1 ,:at is ,tru?8 ,8 prie/s

 w\ld answ]1 ,"l1 suit ?yself4 ,if m5   
ask$1 ,:at is ,tru?8 ! ,h>v>d pr(essor &
 8 colleagues w\ld reply1 ,x dep5ds ^u  
y\r w to believe4  ,! "n giv5 to ?is    
free & easy philosophy1 if ,i may use   
su* an expression--is pragmatism1 :i* is
 a ^w f ! ,greek root pragmatikos1 :5ce 
our ^w practice & practical4 ,! idea at 
! basis ( ?is philosophy is t :atev] is 
practical & bus9ess-l--:atev] is        
necess>y to a giv5 program1 is          
au?oritative4 ,! philosoph]1 ,kant1 0 "o
 ( ! fir/ to urge t we h a "r to believe
 z we please conc]n+ ! ?+s :i* we c     
nei!r prove nor disprove by evid5ce1 if 
su* beliefs are necess>y to morality4 ,8
 mod]n disciples foll[+ 8 lead]%ip1 take
 ! position t x is ! usefulness ( a     
hypo!sis or a belief1 & n its tru?1 t   
%\ld conc]n u4 ,does x "w1 is ! te/1 !y 
say1 ( ! value ( a s*eme or /atem5t1 &  
n1 ,is x true8 ,if x works1 :at d we c>e
 :e!r or n x be true4 ,if x does n "w1 x
 is ( no help to u ev5 if x 7 true4 ,?is
 is id5tically ! same argum5t :i* is    

advanc$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 to ju/ify
 = in/ance1 ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce1       
some:]e 9 ! univ]se1 ( a place call$    
purgatory4 ,! doctr9e ( purgatory works1
 argues ! prie/1 & !re=e1 x makes no    
diff]5ce :e!r or n su* a place really   
exi/s4 ,x is a useful1 consol+ &        
pr(itable doctr9e4 ,!re=e x is z good z 
true4 ,9 ! phraseology ( pragmatism1    
millions ( p want a purgatory1 !re=e1   
!re is "o4 ,& once aga91 to ! "q1 ,:at  
is ,tru?1 ! answ] ( bo? ! !ologian & !  
pragmati/ is1 ,d n bo!r ab\t x4 ,& ?is  
describes ! attitude ( ! ,prote/ant z   
well z ( ! ,ca?olic t[>d tru?4 ,!y d n  
bo!r ab\t x4 ,yes1 !y d n bo!r ab\t x4  
,t is :y progress limps & ! d>kness     
l+]s4 ,p h be5 br\ght up n to bo!r ab\t 
tru?1 :i* expla9s :y error is /ill k+ ( 
m ?an half ( ! _w4 ,i _c f9d !          
words--all words fail me to express my  
disappo9tm5t t a tea*] ( ! y\? 9 "o (   
our great in/itutions1 :o are to be !   
,am]ica ( tomorr[1 %\ld 9 any way       
contribute to ! impression t tru? is    

second>y2 t our ne$s1 our int]e/s1 our  
incl9ations1 or our :ims1 come fir/1 & t
 if we h n ! c\rage to look ! tru? 9 !  
face1 we c turn ar\nd & make t]ms ) my? 
& fable4  ,if we 7 dispos$ to trip !    
pr(essor1 or by "o s+le ?ru/ to         
disqualify him = fur!r action 9 ! ar5a (
 ?\ght1 we c\ld say t ev5 f ! po9t (    
view ( ! pragmati/1 tru? comes fir/1 & t
 by no imag9able manoeuvr+ c tru? be    
%ift$ to a subord9ate rank4 ,x _c be    
done4 ,li/56 ,y may n h to prove !      
exi/5ce ( a ,god1 or ( a future1 or ( a 
purgatory1 be=e believ+ 9 x4 ,grant$3 b 
y h to prove & y are try+ to prove1 t x 
is true t y d n h to prove !m4 ,ev5     
pragmati/s :o say t utility is be=e     
tru?1 labor to prove t x is true t      
utility is be=e tru?4 ,9 o!r words1 !y h
 got to prove ! tru? ( _! !ory1 :atev] t
 may be1 be=e !y c make x h any value1  
or be=e x c comm& our respect4 ,?+s h to
 be true else !y _c exi/4 ,all ! labor (
 ,pr(4 ,james has = its object !        
demon/ration ( :at he consid]s to be a  

tru?1 namely3 t ! tru? ( ! belief       
conc]n+ ! unkn[n is n ess5tial4 ,9 o!r  
words1 ,god may be true or n1 a future  
life may be true or n1 b x has to be    
true t x makes no diff]5ce :e!r !y are  
true or n4 ,wiggle z we may1 we _c      
escape ! r+ ( reason t embraces life4   
,?is is :at ,i mean :5 ,i say t ! />s   
fight = ,rationalism4 ,tru? is s tightly
 screw$ & made fa/ to ! top ( !         
flag-pole t ev5 h&s ( iron & /eel _c    
pull x d[n to a l[] not*4  ,a second    
rem>k ,i w\ld make on ,pr(4 ,james'     
mann] ( reason+ is t su* argum5ts z he  
uses to prop up ! belief 9 ,god &       
immortality %[1 n confid5ce1 b          
desp]ation1 if x is n too /rong a ^w to 
use4 ,urg+ u to take risks1 to h !      
audacity1 to ignore ! "q ( evid5ce1 to  
suit ourselves1 &1 n to m9d ! facts1 is 
n ! language ( sobriety1 b (            
recklessness4 ,to say to a man /&+ on ! 
edge ( a precipice & look+ d[n into a   
*asm ( unkn[n dep? & d>kness1 to jump   
ov]1 because1 p]*ance1 he may discov] 8 

he>t's desire at ! bottom1 is frantic   
advice1 & a man has to be 9 a panicky   
/ate ( m9d to let g ( ! sun & ( ! gre5  
e>? = a possible _w at ! bottom ( !     
abyss4 ,x 0 a ?\ght ( ,em]son t !       
humble/ bug crawl+ 9 ! du/ ) its back to
 ! sun1 & %9+ ) ! colors ( ! ra9b[1 is a
 ?+ m sublime ?an any possible angel4   
,if !re 7 ! slighte/ f\ndation = !      
belief 9 an unse5 _w1 no "o w\ld ?9k (  
resort+ to su* extreme measures z our   
le>n$ pr(essor does1 to uphold x4 ,:5 ,i
 see a man huff+ & puff+1 ,i d n        
conclude t he has a /rong case1 on !    
contr>y1 ,i am apt to suspect t x is !  
weakness ( 8 cause :i* has di/urb$ 8    
s]5ity4 ,to tell u t we c w ourselves   
immortal1 or w ,god into exi/5ce1 & t   
all we ne$ is ! audacity to plunge into 
! unkn[n1 :atev] ! risks1 rem9ds me (   
,la ,fonta9e's p>able ( ! frog--:o ?\ght
 he c\ld w himself into ! size ( a c[--)
 fatal results4 ,! beg9n+ ( wisdom is to
 recognize "o's limitations4 ,to tell a 
man t he c w ?+s into exi/5ce is to d   

him an injury4 ,pitiful is ! ,god1 &    
*im]ical ! immortality t has no bett]   
f\ndation ?an ! :im ( man4  ,accord+ to 
! doctr9e ( ,! w to believe !re w\ld be 
no ,god if !re 7 no m5 to w 8 exi/5ce1 &
 no immortality if m5 did n desire x4   
,?is is !ology dress$ up z philosophy or
 sci5ce4 ,h[ 0 ! _w made8 ,& ! !ologians
 answ]1 ,god said1 ,let !re be light1 & 
!re 0 light4 ,h[ 0 ,god made8 ,& !      
pragmati/s answ]1 ,man said1 let !re be 
a ,god1 & !re 0 "o4 ,?is is trifl+4 ,if 
! ^w is n too h>%1 ,i %all call x       
sophi/ry1 or m5tal gymna/ics1 to :i* m5 
nev] resort except :5 /raight reason+ w 
n help !m4  ,sophi/ry is a plea (       
guilty4 ,i 0 debat+ ! o!r ev5+ 9 a      
,milwaukee !at] on ! "q ( !             
responsibility = ! burn+ ( ,joan ( ,arc4
 ,:ile li/5+ to ! def5se ( ! g5tleman :o
 0 try+ to prove t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 n 
responsible = h] m>tyrdom1 ,i said to   
myself t su* a def5se w\ld nev] h be5   
?\ght ( 7 x n = ! fact t ! old claim t !
 *ur* ( ,god _c err _h n brok5 d[n4 ,9 !

 same way ! def5se t ! bible %\ld be    
tak5 allegorically1 proves t ! old      
position t ! bible is f cov] to cov] !  
^w ( ,god ) e lett] & punctuation1 z    
well z ^w & mean+ inspir$1 is no long]  
t5able4 ,to say t ! bible mu/ n be tak5 
lit]ally is b ano!r way ( say+ t ! bible
 is n true1 or t y c make x mean :at y  
please4 ,m5 nev] put up su* a def5se =  
any?+ unless !y are driv5 to x by %e]   
desp]ation4  ,my ?ird rem>k on !        
pragmatic philosophy ( ,pr(essor ,james 
is t1 besides do+ viol5ce to our reason1
 8 doctr9e t an unse5 _w is indisp5sable
 to make life wor? liv+1 or to help make
 ! _w moral1 places man n only 9 an     
un5viable light1 b x also does him a    
great inju/ice4 ,if x is true t a man w 
make a bea/ ( himself if he f9ds out t  
he is n a ,god1 ,i take ! position t he 
is beyond hope4 ,no?+ c save him4 ,b x  
is n true4 ,x is a prie/ly tale t a man 
w n behave himself unless we c promise  
him ! moon1 or ! sun1 or et]nity4 ,a man
 w\ld only be a contemptible animal if  

he mu/ be giv5 toys & tr9kets & sawdu/  
dolls to div]t 8 att5tion f mis*ief4 ,! 
claim ( ! prea*]s t unless m5 are assur$
 ( black-ey$ h\ris & gold5 h>ps1 or at  
lea/1--"s sort ( a gho/ly               
exi/5ce1--some:]e & at sometime 9 !     
future1 !y w conv]t life into a debau*1 
is simply a falsehood4 ,man is n s      
deprav$ z t4 ,inde$1 ! doctr9e ( total  
depravity 0 inv5t$ by ! prie/s to create
 a dem& = ! (fices ( ! *ur*4 ,! prie/ _c
 af=d to believe 9 human nature4 ,if a  
man c save himself1 or if he c d good by
 8 own ef=t1 :at ne$ w\ld !re be ( !    
my/]ies & ! sacram5ts1--! rites & !     
dogmas8  ,i _h occasion to tell y a few 
,sundays ago t if a lily c be :ite1 or a
 rose s wondr\s fair1 or a dog s loyal &
 h]oic1 )\t dick]+ ) ! univ]se = a      
future rew>d1 man c d1 at lea/1 z mu*4  
,w\ld ?is be expect+ too mu* ( him8  ,9 
,france1 !re is1 9 "o ( ! close-by      
suburbs ( ,p>is1 a cemet]y = dogs4 ,(   
c\rse1 no prie/ or pa/or w\ld ?9k (     
(ficiat+ at ! int]m5t ( a dog1 h[ev]    

useful or fai?ful ! animal may h be54   
,!y are br\ght "h by _! own]s & quietly 
buri$4 ,! visitor f9ds "h1 h[ev]1 _m    
tok5s ( appreciation & gratitude = !    
s]vices & value ( ! dog to man4 ,little 
monum5ts are rais$ ov] ! rema9s ( "s ( !
 occupants ( ! mode/ graves4 ,"o ( ^!   
be>s ! inscription3 ,he sav$ =ty lives1 
& lo/ 8 own 9 ! attempt to save !       
=ty-fir/4 ,he did 8 be/ )\t ! hope ( a  
future rew>d4 ,is man l[] ?an ! animal8 
,does he require ! help ( ! ,holy ,gho/1
 ! holy angels1 ! holy ,tr9ity1 ! holy  
infallible *ur*1 & all ! t]rors ( hell  
fire to make him pref] s5se to nons5se1 
cleanl9ess to dirt1 honor to disgrace1 !
 respect ( 8 fell[s to _! contempt1 & a 
peaceful m9d to "o full ( scorpions8 ,d 
we h to sw+ into exi/5ce fabl$ & my?ical
 be+s & worlds be=e we c induce a human 
be+ to be z natural z a plant & z       
fai?ful z a dog8 ,! doctr9e ( total     
depravity is a disgrace to ^? :o h      
inv5t$ x1 & a blight to ^? :o believe 9 
x4 ,x is n true t we h to be put ?r\gh  

acrobatic ex]cises1--make our reason    
turn som]saults1 resort to              
sophi/ry1--become frantic ) fe> ab\t our
 future1--po/ulate ! exi/5ce ( gho/s1   
,gods1 & cele/ial abodes be=e we c pref]
 ! good to ! bad & ! light to d>kness4  
,sup]naturalism is bo? negative &       
de/ructive4 ,x d5ies goodness1 & x      
de/roys 9 man ! p[] ( self-help4 ,von   
,humboldt's indignation seems p>donable1
 :5 he us$ ! ^w infam\s1 to *>act]ize ! 
!ologian's attempt to make ! well-be+ ( 
! human race dep5d ^u su* sup]natural   
gossip z he _h to m>ket4  ,& :at is !   
v]dict ( hi/ory on ?is "q8 ,does !      
belief 9 ,god & immortality make =      
morality8 ,h[ !n %all we expla9 ! d>k   
ages :i* 7 ages ( fai?1 & :y are n !    
,moslems1 ^: fai? 9 ,allah & 9 a future 
life is v mu* /rong] ?an ours1 a m moral
 p ?an ! ,europeans or ,am]icans8 ,:y 0 
,k+ ,leopold1 ! ,*ri/ian1 a moral lep]  
to ! h\r ( 8 dea?1 :ile ,socrates1 !    
pagan1 :o 0 unc]ta9 ab\t ! future1 has  
p]fum$ ! c5turies ) 8 virtues8 ,has !   

belief 9 ! sup]natural prev5t$ ! crim9al
 wa/e ( human life1 protect$ ! *ild f ! 
sweat-%op & ! factory1 or ev5 robb$     
religion ( its /+--! /+ ^: bite is      
mortal to tol]ance1 bro!rhood &         
intellectual hone/y8 ,!re are excell5t p
 :o believe 9 ! sup]natural & equally   
excell5t p :o ignore ! sup]natural1 f   
:i* x w\ld foll[ t excell5ce ( "* is    
indep5d5t ( "o's speculations ab\t ei!r 
! et]nal pa/1 or ! et]nal future4 ,x is 
n true !n t we h to prove to man t he   
has always exi/$1 or t he %all always   
exi/ be=e we c make him see t ! sunset  
is beautiful1 or t ! sea is va/1 or t   
love is ! greate/ ?+ 9 ! _w4  ,a man w  
be c>eful ( 8 heal? :e!r he expects to  
live aga9 or n4 ,he w avoid heada*es1   
fev]s1 colds1 anaemia1 n]v\s pro/rations
 & diseases ( e k9d :i* rack ! body &   
make life a mis]y1 irrespective ( 8     
attitude to ! "q ( survival aft] dea?4  
,! "q ( heal?1 !n1 :i* is a v important 
"o1 is indep5d5t ( any sup]natural      
belief4 ,x w\ld n affect our heal? a    

p>ticle 7 ! heav5s empty or full ( gods4
 ,9 ! same way1 m5 w cont9ue ! culture (
 ! m9d irrespective ( !ological beliefs4
 ,w a man neglect ! pleasures ( ! m9d1  
despise k & rema9 cont5t 9 8 ignorance1 
if he _c be sure t he is go+ to live    
=ev]8 ,b if nei!r ! culture ( ! body nor
 t ( ! m9d is 9 dang] ( be+ neglect$1 is
 !re any reason to fe> t ! culture ( !  
affections & ! consci5ce w suff] )\t a  
belief 9 an unse5 _w8 ,we h only to look
 into ! motives :i* gov]n human actions 
to recov] our confid5ce 9 ! ess5tial    
s\ndness ( human nature1 & 9 ! ability (
 morality to take c>e ( itself )\t !    
help ( gho/s & gods4 ,y love y\r c\ntry 
& y are will+ to def5d its in/itutions1 
if ne$ be1 ) y\r life1 b is x because   
y\r c\ntry is immortal8 ,is ,am]ica go+ 
to live =ev]8 ,is x go+ to h a future   
exi/5ce8 ,& yet ,wa%+ton & 8 soldi]s    
lov$ x de>ly & risk$ _! lives = x4 ,7 ! 
anci5t ,greeks & ,romans1 to :om        
patriotism 0 a religion1 & :o lov$ &    
f\ght = _! c\ntry--fools1 because !y did

 n fir/ make sure t _! c\ntry 0 go+ to  
live =ev]8 ,y are devot$ to art1 y h    
built palaces = ! treasures ( ! bru% & !
 *isel4 ,y h paid fabul\s prices = !    
works ( a ,rembr&t & a ,titian4 ,is x   
because ^! pa9t+s are nev] go+ to p]i%8 
,is ! canvas :i* y adore immortal8 ,y   
prize ! works ( g5ius--( a ,%akespe>e1 a
 ,goe!1 a ,voltaire1 a ,d>w94 ,y h      
edifices ( m>ble & /eel 9 :i* to h\se ! 
great books ( ! _w4 ,& yet a fire       
tomorr[ may wipe !m out ( exi/5ce--!y   
may become lo/1 z _m great works h be5  
lo/ 9 ! pa/4 ,nev]!less1 are !y n       
preci\s :ile we h !m8 ,if a humane      
society w int]e/ itself 9 ! welf>e ( !  
horse & ! cat & ! dog1 :i* live b a few 
ye>s2 if ! fl[] :i* blooms 9 ! morn+ &  
fades 9 ! ev5+ c comm& our att5tion &   
devotion--mu/ a man be a god be=e we c  
take any int]e/ 9 him8 ,mu/ somebody be 
always :isp]+ 9 our e>s1 ,ye are gods2  
ye are gods1 to prev5t u f do+ viol5ce  
to ourselves or to our fell[s8 ,& m5    
seek heal? = ! pres5t1 n = ! future4 ,& 

!y cultivate ! m9d to make life ri*] n[ 
& "h4 ,& love is desir$ because x makes 
ea* pass+ mom5t a ?rill & an ec/asy4    
,:at !n is ! value ( any speculation    
ab\t ! unse5 _w1 s9ce man c c>e = 8     
body1 m9d & he>t1 )\t v5tur+ out on an  
ocean = :i* he has nei!r ! sails nor !  
compass8         99       99       99   
99       99  ,b ! unse5 _w is necess>y1 
! pr(essor seems to ?9k1 9 ord] to      
expla9 ! suff]+ & ! inju/ice 9 ?is4 ,9  
my op9ion1 su* a belief has done m to   
po/pone ! re=m ( pres5t abuses ?an any?+
 else4 ,! "t to suppress inju/ice & to  
relieve human suff]+ is n[1 n 9 "s      
di/ant future1--"h & n 9 an undiscov]$  
c\ntry4 ,! belief 9 ,god has tempt$ man 
to %irk 8 responsibilities4 ,he has left
 _m ?+s to be done by ,god :i* he %\ld h
 done himself4 ,x is a nobl] religion t 
tells man to d all he c n[1 & to d x    
himself4 ,moreov]1 h[ c :at is wrong "h 
be made "r 9 ! next _w8 ,:at1 = in/ance1
 c make ,joan ( ,arc's atroci\s murd]--a
 girl ( n9ete51 :o _h sav$ h] c\ntry1   

roa/$ ov] a sl[ fire--"r 9 heav58 ,:at  
explanation c ! ,deity give to u :i*    
%all reconcile u to s infam\s a crime4  
,a million et]nities1 x seems to me1 _c 
alt] ! "* ( t act4 ,! de$ _c be undone4 
,t frightful page _c be torn f ! book ( 
life4 ,y _c de/roy ! memory ( t         
inju/ice2 y _c rub s f\l a /a9 f ! h&s (
 ev5 a ,god4 ,suppose ,god 7 to say to u
 9 ! next _w t ?is crime 0 necess>y to !
 progress ( civilization4 ,w\ld t       
satisfy u8 ,w\ld we n /ill wi% = a ,god 
:o c\ld h contribut$ to ! progress (    
civilization )\t resort+ to s           
unspeakable a murd]8 ,& !re y are4      
,ano!r _w c nev] reconcile u to a policy
 t requir$ ! commission ( crimes ^: /5* 
rises to our no/rils4 ,:at is wrong c   
nev] be made "r4  ,y rememb] t to       
illu/rate ! ?\ght ( ,pr(essor ,james1 ,i
 spoke ( my visit to ! ,pa/eur ,in/itute
 9 ,p>is1 :]e1 9 ! vivisection hall1 ,i 
saw ! physicians op]at+ on live rabbits4
 ,pr(essor ,james ?9ks t if ! rabbit    
c\ld see ev]y?+1 x might say to !       

physician1 ,?y w be done4 ,b ! rabbit   
might also say ?is3 ,x is well to       
advance sci5ce & civilization2 & if x is
 a "p ( ! s*eme to make me contribute to
 x by my suff]+s1 ,i am resign$2 b :at  
ab\t ! "* ( ! s*em] :o mu/ torture to   
dea? "s ( 8 creatures--slaught] )       
excruciat+ pa9 a portion ( 8 family--9  
ord] to make secure ! lives ( ! re/8 ,! 
exi/5ce ( evil 9 a _w creat$ by a p]fect
 ,god is ! rock ^u :i* all religions g  
to pieces4 ,if ,god c prev5t mis]y &    
crime1 b pref]s to "w ?r\gh !m1 he is to
 be fe>$2 if he _c help himself1 !n he  
is to be piti$4 ,:o w\ld n r be ! rabbit
 on ! op]at+ table1 ) ! knife 9 8 fle%1 
?an su* a ,god6 ,a ,god :o _c make a    
rose r$ except by dipp+ x 9 human blood 
c be sure t no human be+ w\ld ev] envy  
him 8 (fice4 ,on ! la/ day ( judgm5t1 if
 su* a day !re be1 x w n be ! rabbit1 or
 man1 :o w fe> ! op5+ ( ! books2 x w be 
,god4  ,& h[ d we "k t ?+s w be bett] 9 
! unse5 _w8 ,suppose !y %\ld be worse8  
,jesus intimat$ t ! next _w w\ld be     

worse1 = he says 9 ,mat!w #g3ac-ad1     
,wide is ! gate1 & broad is ! way1 t    
leade? to de/ruction1 & _m !re be :i* g 
9 !reat2 because /rait is ! gate1 & n>r[
 is ! way1 :i* leade? unto life1 & few  
!re be t f9d x4  ,surely ?is is n an    
enc\rag+ prospect4 ,a future :i* (f]s   
happ9ess to a small m9ority _c be look$ 
=w>d to ) en?usiasm4 ,nei!r is ! ?\ght (
 a few sav$ & ! _m damn$ a consolation4 
,"o ( ! (t-repeat$ claims is t ! belief 
9 ,god & immortality is su* a happ9ess t
 he mu/ be an enemy ( 8 race :o w\ld    
deprive p ( x4 ,ev5 ,rationali/s are    
said to envy ! believ] 8 peace ( m9d4 ,b
 ! tru? is ! v opposite ( ?is4 ,!re is  
abundant te/imony to prove t ( all p !  
real & consi/5t believ] is ! mo/ unhappy
 be+ 9 ! _w4 ,! prov]bial unhapp9ess ( !
 ,rationali/1 l ! prov]bial dea?-b$     
horrors ( a ,?omas ,pa9e & a ,voltaire1 
is a pure fabrication4 ,:ile !re is     
absolutely no?+ 9 ,rationalism to make  
anybody mis]able1 s9ce x does away )    
fe>1 :i* is ! only ?+ to fe>1 ,or?odoxy1

 on ! o!r h&1 />ts by n only call+ ?is a
 vale ( te>s1 b proce$s =?) to make x s4
 ,if we 7 to place ! greate/ kn[n       
,*ri/ian sa9ts on ! /& to int]rogate !m 
on ?is subject1 !y w\ld "o & all confirm
 our /atem5t4 ,li/51 = in/ance1 to !    
confession ( ,?omas a ,kempis3 ,"l1 ,i  
am n wor?y ( ?y consolation4444 ,?\     
deale/ ju/ly ) me :5 ?\ leave/ me poor &
 desolate1 = if ,i c\ld %$ te>s z ! sea1
 yet %\ld ,i n be wor?y ( ?y            
consolation4 ,i am wor?y only to be     
sc\rg$ & puni%$4,a ,^! are n ! words ( a
 buoyant & happy s\l4 ,& li/5 to !      
lam5tation ( ,john ,bunyan3 ,sometimes  
,i c\ld = :ole days toge!r feel my v    
body z well z my m9d to %ake & tott] "u 
! s5se ( ?is dreadful judgm5t ( ,god4444
 ,i felt also su* a clogg+ & heat 9 my  
/oma* by reason ( ?is t]ror t ,i ?\ght  
my brea/-bone w\ld split asund]4 ,oh1 h[
 gladly w\ld ,i h be5 any?+ b a man4,b  
,i c\ld quote long *apt]s f !           
biographies ( ! sa9ts to %[ !           
wret*$ness1 ! despair & ! agony ( !     

believ]1 %udd]+ ^u ! br9k (             
et]nity--unc]ta9 :e!r heav5 or hell     
awaits to receive him4 ,i c\ld give y a 
simil> *apt] f my own exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ,i 0
 mu* y\ng]1 ,i _h implicit fai? 9 !     
bible & ! unse5 _w4 ,:at 0 ! effect (   
?is belief ^u me8 ,did x make me happy8 
,i c nev] =get ! mom5ts ( agony ,i sp5t 
on my knees1 at ! ?rone ( grace4 ,my    
pill[ 0 (t5 wet ) weep+ ov] s9s ,i _h   
nev] committ$1 & fe>+ a depravity ,i    
c\ld nev] be guilty (4 ,*ri/ianity 9 its
 virile =m took hold ( my "y he>t z !   
roots ( a tree take hold ( ! e>? 9 :i*  
!y gr[4 ,i 0 z s5sitive & responsive to 
its influ5ce z fire is to ! w9d t fans x
 into flame4 ,am ,i sav$8 ,h[ c ,i be   
sure t ,god has =giv5 me8 ,:]e w\ld ,i  
op5 my eyes if ,i %\ld die tonight8 ,oh1
 ,god6 :at if ,i %\ld aft] all be "o ( !
 reprobates--damn$ =ev]4 ,su* 0 !       
t]rible sup]/ition t *eat$ me out ( a   
?\s& glori\s mom5ts1 & made my y\? a    
puni%m5t to me4 ,"o day a memb] ( my    
*ur* came to me 9 great di/ress ( m9d4  

,he behav$ l "o :o _h actually se5 hell4
 ,i am damn$1 ,i am damn$1 he cri$4 ,god
 has =sak5 me2 !re is no hope = me4 ,if 
a wild bea/ _h its paws 9 8 hair1 or a  
h\nd its tee? 9 8 fle%1 he c\ld n h be5 
m sc>$4 ,if he c\ld h only laugh$ at !  
/upid sup]/ition1 all ! devils ( 8      
di/ort$ imag9ation w\ld h melt$ into ?9 
air4    ,a ,imitation--,,iii #eb4    ,b 
,quot$ by ,cott] ,morrison1 ,s]vice (   
,man--#cd4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,our religion does n tr\ble
 u t way1 ,i he> ! ,*ri/ians say 9      
reply4 ,( c\rse n1 !y no long] believe 9
 x4 ,!y let art1 music1 sci5ce1 ! drama1
 bus9ess1 to div]t _! att5tion f ?is    
,asiatic feti%4 ,rationalism has        
dissipat$ ! t]rors ( ! future1 & t9t$ ! 
horizon ) beauty & light4 ,b let !m     
believe 9 ,*ri/ianity z _! fa!rs believ$
 9 x1 let !m be s9c]e ) x1 & x w make   
life mis]able = !m z x has = ?\s&s (    
o!rs4 ,yes1 believe 9 ,*ri/ianity z !   
,apo/le ,paul did1 = example1 & y mu/   
agree ) him1 t1 ,if 9 ?is life only we h

 a hope 9 ,*ri/1 we are ( all m5 mo/    
mis]able4 ,& li/5 to ! cry ( despair f !
 lips ( ! ,son ( ,god3 ,my ,god1 ,my    
,god1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 me8 ,! nails 9 8 
h&s & feet tore 8 fle%1 b x 0 ! ?\ght t 
he _h be5 =sak5 by ,god t broke 8 he>t4 
,surely1 if a belief 9 a future life    
c\ld make anybody happy1 x %\ld h made !
 dea? ( ,jesus a symphony1 in/ead ( a   
trag$y4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,9 conclusion3 ,n ,god1 nor
 ! unse5 _w1 b ,tru? is ! sov]eign good4
 ,!re is no?+ m excell5t4 ,if !re be    
philosophies1 !y %all pass away2 if !re 
be !ologies1 !y %all pass away2 if !re  
be cre$s1 cults1 gods1 !y %all pass     
away4 ,b ,tru? is f ev]la/+ to ev]la/+4 
,9 my m9d's eye1 ,i see a wond]ful      
build+1 some?+ l !      ,coliseum (     
anci5t ,rome4 ,! gall]ies are black ) p2
 ti]      ^u ti] rise l waves !         
multitude ( spectators :o h come      to
 see a great conte/4 ,a great conte/1   
inde$6 ,a conte/ 9 :i*      all ! _w &  
all ! c5turies are int]e/$4 ,x is !     

conte/--! fight to dea?--betwe5 ,tru? & 
,error4       ,! door op5s1 & a slight1 
small1 %y & insignificant look+      ?+ 
/eps into ! ar5a4 ,x is ,tru?4 ,! va/   
audi5ce bur/s      into hil>i\s &       
d]isive laught]4 ,is ?is ,tru?8 ,?is    
%udd]+ ?+ 9 tatt]$ clo!s1 & almo/ nak$8 
,& !      h\se %akes aga9 ) mock+ &     
hisses4       ,! door op5s aga91 &      
,error ent]s1--clad 9 clo? ( gold1      
impos+ 9 appe>ance1 tall ( /ature1      
glitt]+ ) gems1      sleek & huge &     
pond]\s1 caus+ ! build+ to tremble )    
! ?ud ( its /eps4 ,! audi5ce is = a     
mom5t dazzl$ into      sil5ce1 !n x     
breaks into applause1 long & deaf5+4    
,welcome6 ,welcome6 is ! greet+ f !     
multitude4      ,welcome6 %\t t5 ?\s&   
?roats4       ,! two conte/ants face ea*
 o!r4 ,error1 9 full armor1--back$      
by ! sympa?ies ( ! audi5ce1 greet$ by ! 
clamor\s      *e]+ ( ! spectators2 &    
,tru?1 scorn$1 sc(f$ at1 &      hat$4 ,!
 issue is a =egone conclusion1 murmurs !
 va/      audi5ce4 ,error w trample     

,tru? "u its big feet4       ,! battle  
beg9s4 ,! two cl9*1 sep>ate1 & cl9*     
aga94      ,tru? holds its own4 ,!      
spectators are al>m$4 ,anxiety appe>s 9 
_! faces4 ,_! voices gr[ fa9t4 ,is x    
possible8 ,look6 ,see6      ,!re6 ,error
 rec$es6 ,x fe>s ! gaze ( ,tru?6 ,x %uns
 its      beaute\s eyes6 ,he> x squeak &
 scream z x feels ,tru?'s      squeeze  
^u its wri/s4 ,error is try+ to break   
away f ,tru?'s      grip4 ,x is mak+ = !
 door4 ,x is gone6       ,! spectators  
are mute4 ,e tongue is smitt5 ) ! palsy4
      ,! p bite _! lips until !y ble$4  
,!y _c expla9      :at !y h se54 ,:o    
w\ld h believ$ x8 ,is x                 
possible8--!y exclaim4 ,b !y c n d\bt   
:at _! eyes      h se54 ,t puny &       
insignificant look+ ?+ call$ ,tru?      
has put anci5t & entr5*$ ,error1 back$  
by ! ?rone1 !      alt>1 ! army1 !      
press1 ! p1 & ! gods--to r\t4  ,!       
pursuit ( tru?6 ,is n t wor? liv+ =8 ,to
 seek ! tru?1 to love ! tru?1 to live ! 
tru?8 ,c any religion (f] m8  ,:at is ! 

rem$y = ! pessimism t asks1 ,is life    
wor? liv+8 ,a s\nd m9d 9 a s\nd body4   
,!re is no bett] prev5tive ( t          
depression ( spirits :5ce proce$ !      
diseases :i* m5ace life1 & m> ! happ9ess
 ( man1 ?an heal?--moral1 intellectual1 
physical--heal?2 individual & social    
heal?4 ,! highe/ ideal ( ,*ri/ianity is 
a man ( sorr[s4 ,! highe/ ideal (       
,rationalism is a man ( joy6     ,,!    
,,/ory ,,( ,,my ,,m9d ,,or ,,h[ ,i      
,,became ,a ,,rationali/  ,price1 ,fifty
 ,c5ts   ,9 ?is late/ publication ( !   
,indep5d5t ,religi\s ,society1 ,m4 ,m4  
,mangas>ian describes 8 religi\s        
exp]i5ce--h[1 />t+ z a ,calv9i/1 a      
graduate ( ,pr9ceton ,!ological ,sem9>y1
 & a pa/or ( ! ,spr+ ,g>d5 ,presbyt]ian 
,*ur* 9 ,philadelphia1 he ?\ght & f\ght 
8 way up to  ,,rationalism   ,! book    
conta9s a d$ication to ,my ,*ildr51 9   
:i* ! au?or says3       ,i am go+ to put
 ! /ory 9 writ+1 t y may h x )      y :5
 ,i am gone1 to rem9d y ( ! aims &      
int]e/s =      :i* ,i liv$1 z well z to 

acqua9t y ) ! mo/ e>ne/ &      intimate 
p]iod 9 my c>e] z a tea*] ( m54   ,,ord]
 ,,?r\gh  ,,! ,,indep5d5t ,,religi\s    
,,society  ,,*icago   ,,e>li]           
,,publications ,,by ,,mr4 ,,mangas>ian  
,a ,new ,cate*ism4 ,fif? ,edition1      
,revis$ & ,enl>g$1 ) ,portrait      (   
,au?or4 ,price                          
#a4jj   ,! ,tru? ,ab\t ,jesus3 ,is ,he a
 ,my?8 ,a new book ( #bie pages4        
,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #a4jj2 ,pap]         
#j4ej   ,mangas>ian-,crapsey ,debate on 
! ,hi/oricity ( ,jesus4 #be;c4   ,pe>ls4
 7,new ,edition47 ,brave ,?\ghts f      
,brave ,m9ds4 ,select$      & arrang$ by
 ,m4 ,m4 ,mangas>ian4 #be;c4            
,pres5tation ,edition1      limp lea!r  
#a4jj   ,a ,,few ,,lectures--#aj;c ,a   
,,copy   ,is ! ,morality ( ,jesus ,s\nd8
  ,rome-,rule 9 ,irel&1 ) ,po/lude on   
,f]r]4  ,h[ ! ,bible ,0 ,inv5t$4        
,morality ,)\t ,god4  ,s5t po/paid on   
receipt ( price4 ,ask = complete li/4   
,,indep5d5t ,,religi\s ,,society        
,,*icago     ,transcrib]'s ,note3   ,!  

foll[+ is a li/ ( *anges made to !      
orig9al4 ,! fir/ l9e is ! orig9al l9e1 !
 second ! correct$ "o4      o!r gods    
be=e me :i* is metaphysical & )\t       
o!r gods be=e me1 :i* is metaphysical & 
)\t      a raison d'etre4 ,! "p ( wisdom
 z well z ( c\rage !n1     a raison     
d'etre4 ,! "p ( wisdom z well z ( c\rage
 !n1      take an undue advantage ( "o's
 neighbors1 ,tru? is n     take an undue
 advantage ( "o's neighbors4 ,tru? is n 
manoeuvre+ c tru? be %ift$ to a         
subord9ate rank4     manoeuvr+ c tru? be
 %ift$ to a subord9ate rank4            
frantic advice1 & a man has to be 9 a   
panicy /ate ( m9d     frantic advice1 & 
a man has to be 9 a panicky /ate ( m9d  
because x makes ea* pass+ mom5t a ?rill 
& an ec/acy4     because x makes ea*    
pass+ mom5t a ?rill & an ec/asy4        
/raight is ! gate1 & n>r[ is ! way1 :i* 
leade?     /rait is ! gate1 & n>r[ is ! 
way1 :i* leade?      in/ance1 to !      
confession ( ,?omas ,a',kempis3 ,"l1 ,i 
in/ance1 to ! confession ( ,?omas a     

,kempis3 ,"l1 ,i