file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #cidde-;h4htm or #cidde-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #cidde_/pg#cidde-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cidd e_/cidde-;h4zip7 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,a few typographical errors h be5 correct$3 !y are li/$ at ! end ( ! text4 ,! orig9al page numb]s are %[n 9 ! text z numb]s enclos$ by curly brackets 7example3 #c7 ,,hoyle',s ,,games ,,mod]niz$ ,edit$ by ,,pr(essor ,,h(fmann ,,new ,,edition 7,reset7 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ to #aiji ,) ! addition ( ,*apt]s on ,,auction ,,bridge & ,?ree o!r ,new ,games by ,,erne/ ,,b]gholt ,& ) ,new ,*apt]s on ,,r\lette & ,,tr5te ,,et ,,qu>ante ,,by ,,capta9 ,,br[n+ 7,slambo ( ,! ,we/m9/] ,gazette7 ,) ,diagrams ,london ,george ,r\tl$ge & ,sons1 ,limit$ ,new ,york3 ,e4 ,p4 ,dutton ,co4 #aiji v ,,preface ,to ! pres5t g5]ation ! "n ( ,edmond ,hoyle conveys b a vague mean+1 ?\gh ! phrase accord+ to ,hoyle is /ill n[ & !n us$ z a synonym = correct play 9 a c>d-game4 ,hoyle 0 9 fact ! ,cav5di% ( 8 day1 & 0 9 _m ways a man ( special m>k4 ,he 0 born 9 #afgb1 & di$ 9 #agfi1 hav+ outliv$ half-a-doz5 mon>*s4 ,( 8 e>li] life little is kn[n4 ,he is said to h be5 call$ to ! ,b>1 ?\gh :e!r he ev] practis$ z an advocate is unc]ta94 ,9 #agdb he 0 liv+ 9 ,que5's ,squ>e1 & giv+ lessons 9 :i/-play1 :i* he 0 ! fir/ to r$uce to a sci5tific me?od4 ,he _h up to t "t communicat$ 8 sy/em ei!r p]sonally1 or 9 ! =m ( manuscript1 b 9 t ye> he = ! fir/ "t publi%$ 8 memorable ,%ort ,treatise on ! ,game ( ,:i/4 ,( ?is fir/ edition only two copies 7"o 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y7 are kn[n to exi/4 ,its price 0 a gu9ea4 ,x 0 freely pirat$1 & ?is fact 0 probably ! reason t ! succe$+ editions1 ( :i* !re 7 ?ree publi%$ 9 #agdc1 7 issu$ at ! m mode/ price ( two vi %ill+s1 ea* g5u9e copy be+ gu>ante$ by ! autograph ( ! au?or4 ,o!r editions foll[$1 sev]al ( :i* are only n[ repres5t$ by s+le copies4 ,( ! sev5? edition1 publi%$ 9 #agdg1 no copy exi/s4 ,! eigh? 7#agdh7 embodi$1 9 addition to ! ,:i/ manual1 %ort treatises on ,quadrille1 ,piquet1 & ,backgammon1 :i* _h 9 ! meantime appe>$ sep>ately4 ,! book 0 f "t to "t fur!r amplifi$1 & ! elev5? edition 7precise date unc]ta97 is entitl$ ,mr4 ,hoyle's ,games ( ,:i/1 ,quadrille1 ,piquet1 ,*ess & ,backgammon ,complete4 ,! autograph signature to ea* copy 0 cont9u$ until ,hoyle's dea?4 ,9 ! fifte5? edition x is replac$ by an impression f a wood block4 ,x is significant ( ! respect 9 :i* ,hoyle 0 held1 t 8 ,laws ( ,:i/1 ) "s slight alt]ations by ! habitues ( ,:ite's & ,saund]s' *ocolate-h\ses 7! !n headqu>t]s ( ! game71 7 accept$ z ! f9al au?ority f #agfj till #ahfd1 :5 ! basis ( ! pres5t code1 settl$ by ! ,turf & ,portl& ,clubs1 0 adopt$ 9 _! /ead4 ,no?+ w\ld n[ be ga9$ by reproduc+ ,hoyle's orig9al text4 ,9 ! pres5t volume no attempt is made to d s4 ,its tea*+s are1 h[ev]1 b ! tea*+s ( ! ma/]1 amplifi$ & br\ght up-to-date1 & x is a fitt+ tribute to 8 memory t 8 "n %\ld be reta9$ ^u ! title-page4 ,,l\is ,,h(fmann4 vii ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,revis$ ,,edition ,,( #aiji ,! articles on ,:i/ & ,bridge h be5 rewritt5 & br\ght ?or\ghly up-to-date4 ,^? on ,billi>ds1 ,pool1 & ,snook] ,pool h be5 completely revis$1 & all ! rec5t *anges 9 ,rules h be5 ei!r incorporat$ or quot$4 ,entirely new *apt]s h be5 add$ on ,auction ,bridge1 ,five ,hundr$1 ,qu9to1 & ,pok] ,pati5ce4 ,= ! articles specially writt5 = ?is ,new ,edition on ,r\lette & ,tr5te et ,qu>ante1 ! able p5 ( ,capta9 ,br[n+ is responsible4 ,,erne/ ,,b]gholt4 ix ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,all ,,f\rs ,! ,scor+ ,items #a ,me?od ( ,play+ #b ,f\r-h&$ ,all ,f\rs #c ,,bacc>at ,bacc>at ,*em9 de ,f] #e ,bacc>at ,banque #h ,,bezique ,! ,old-fa%ion$ ,game #ab ,h9ts = ,play #ae ,rubicon ,bezique #ag ,! ,laws ( ,rubicon ,bezique #bb ,,bl9d ,,hookey #cb ,,cribbage #cd ,! ,five-c>d ,game #ce ,! ,six-c>d ,game #di ,! ,sev5-c>d ,game #ej ,?ree-h&$ ,cribbage #ea ,f\r-h&$ ,cribbage #ea ,,ec>te #ec ,! ,laws ( ,ec>te #ec ,fr5* ,t]ms us$ 9 ,ec>te #fa ,illu/rative ,game #fa ,jeux de ,regle #fc x ,,eu*re #fh ,two-h&$ ,eu*re #fi ,f\r-h&$ ,eu*re #gj ,?ree-h&$ ,eu*re #gb ,m>k+ ! ,score #gb ,h9ts = ,play #gc ,,loo ,?ree-c>d ,loo #hf ,five-c>d ,loo #hi ,! ,laws ( ,loo #ia ,,napoleon ,! ,or?odox ,game #id ,! ,v>iations #if ,! ,game ,expla9$ = ,novices #ii ,! ,numb]s ( ,play]s #ajb ,,piquet ,! ,deal #ajd ,disc>d+ & ,tak+ 9 #aje ,call+ #aje ,! ,play #ajg ,c>te ,blan*e #aaa ,repique #aaa ,pique #aab ,capot #aab ,! ,f9al ,score #aac ,application ( ,skill #aae ,,pok] ,! ,v>ieties ( ! ,game #abj ,draw ,pok] #abj xi ,! ,probabilities ( ! ,v>i\s ,comb9ations #acj ,! ,/raddle #aca ,jack-pots #acb ,table ,/akes #acc ,/raight ,pok] #acd ,/ud ,pok] #acd ,:iskey ,pok] #ace ,mi/igris #acf ,! ,tig] #acf ,,pope ,,joan #acg ,,solo ,,:i/ ,description ( ! ,game #adb ,! ,/akes #adg ,a ,dige/ ( ! ,laws #adi ,a ,few ,maxims #aed ,,v+t-,,un #aeg ,fr5* ,v+t-,un #afc ,,:i/ ,! ,laws ( ,:i/ #aff ,! ,etiquette ( ,:i/ #ahc ,dummy #ahd ,d\ble ,dummy #ahe ,h[ to become a ,good ,play] #ahe ,leads #aia ,return ,leads #aie ,second 9 ,h& #aif ,:at to ,play ,?ird ,h& #aih ,! ,play ( ! ,f\r? ,h& #bja ,! ,call = ,trumps #bja xii ,! ,e*o to ! ,call #bjc ,disc>d+ #bjd ,! ,use & ,abuse ( ,trumps #bje ,und]play #bjh ,false ,c>ds #bji ,h[ to ,play ,:i/ #baj ,unblock+ #bab ,plac+ ! ,lead #bad ,! ,play ( ! ,twelf? & ,?irte5? ,c>ds #bah ,maxims #bai ,books on ,:i/ #bbb ,,bridge ,relation to ,:i/ #bbc ,! ,score 9 ,actual ,practice #bbd ,h9ts = ,play #bbg ,! ,laws ( ,bridge 7#aijd7 #bbh ,books on ,bridge #bdf ,,auction ,,bridge #bdg ,! ,laws ( ,auction ,bridge #bdh ,h9ts to ,play]s #beb ,g5]al ,rem>ks #bed ,,five ,,hundr$ #beg ,revokes #bfa ,book on ,five ,hundr$ #bfb ,,qu9to #bfc ,dummy 7or ,?ree-,h&$7 ,qu9to #bff ,book on ,qu9to #bff ,,pok] ,,pati5ce #bfg ,s]p5t ,pok] ,pati5ce #bfh xiii ,,backgammon ,! ,bo>d & ,m5 #bga ,play+ #bgc ,be>+ (f ! ,m5 #bge ,h9ts = ,play #bgg ,,bagatelle ,! ,appliances ( ! ,game #bha ,h[ to ,play #bhd ,,billi>ds ,! ,implem5ts ( ! ,game1 & ,t]ms us$ 9 connection ) x #bhg ,! ,half-ball ,/roke #bic1 #bih ,los+ ,haz>ds into ! ,top ,pockets f ,baulk #cjb ,middle-,pocket ,haz>ds #cje ,position #cjg ,los+ ,haz>ds #cjh ,w9n+ ,haz>ds #cji ,cannons #caa ,! ,billi>ds ,control ,club ,rules #cbj ,pyramids #cba ,%ell ,out #cbb ,works ( ,ref]5ce #cbc ,,pool ,g5]al ,c\nsels #cbd ,! ,national ,rules ( ,pool #cbe ,,snook] ,,pool ,description ( ! ,game #cca ,! ,national ,rules ( ,snook] ,pool #ccb xiv ,,*ess ,! ,bo>d & ,m5 #ccf ,! ,movem5ts ( ! ,m5 & _! ,p[] to ,take #ccg ,*ess ,notation #cdc ,example #cde ,te*nical ,t]ms us$ 9 ! ,game #cdg ,value ( ! ,pieces #ceb ,! ,op5+s #cec ,! ,giuoco ,piano #ced ,! ,evans ,gambit #cfc ,! ,evans ,gambit ,decl9$ #cga ,! ,two ,knights' ,def5ce #cgc ,! ,ruy ,lopez #cgg ,philidor's ,def5ce #cha ,?ree ,knights' ,game #chc ,f\r ,knights' ,game #chd ,! ,vi5na ,op5+ #che ,! ,/e9itz ,gambit #chf ,! ,scot* ,game #chg ,! ,scot* ,gambit #chi ,! ,dani% & ,c5tre ,gambits #cia ,petr(f's ,def5ce #cib ,! ,k+'s ,gambits ,! ,k+'s ,knight's ,gambit #cic ,! ,muzio ,gambit #cid ,! ,salvio ,gambit #cif ,! ,kies]itzky ,gambit #cig ,! ,allgai] ,gambit #cih ,! ,cunn+ham ,gambit #djj ,! ,bi%op's ,gambit #djj ,! ,gambit decl9$ #djc xv ,close ,games #dje ,! ,fr5* ,def5ce #djf ,! ,sicilian ,def5ce #djh ,! ,que5's ,gambit #dji ,! ,fian*etto #dji ,! ,end ,game ,k+ & ,pawn aga9/ ,k+ #daj ,k+ & ,que5 aga9/ ,k+ #dae ,k+ & ,two ,rooks aga9/ ,k+ #dag ,k+ & ,rook aga9/ ,k+ #dah ,k+ & ,two ,bi%ops aga9/ ,k+ #dai ,k+1 ,bi%op & ,knight aga9/ ,k+ #dbj ,end ,game ) ,two ,knights #dbc ,g5]al ,obs]vations #dbd ,bibliography ( ,*ess #dbe ,,draughts ,! ,rules ( ! ,game #dbg ,g5]al ,advice #dcb ,names ( ! ,v>i\s ,op5+s & h[ ,=m$ #dcc ,end ,games ,two ,k+s to ,"o #dcf ,?ree ,k+s to ,two #dcg ,! ,elem5t>y ,positions ,fir/ ,position #dci ,second ,position #dda ,?ird ,position #ddc ,f\r? ,position #dde ,works ( ,ref]5ce #ddf ,,r\lette ,description ( ! ,game #ddg xvi ,! ,diff]5t ,modes ( ,/ak+ #ddi ,sy/ems ,! ,montant et ,demontant ,sy/em #dee ,! ,fitzroy ,sy/em #dee ,! ,lab\*]e ,sy/em #def ,,tr5te ,,et ,,qu>ante ,description ( ! ,game #dfd ,/ak+ #dfe ,me?od ( ,play #dfi #a ,,hoyle',s ,,games ,,mod]niz$ ,,all-,,f\rs4 ,,all-,,f\rs1 kn[n 9 ,am]ica z ,,old ,,sl$ge1 or ,,sev5 ,,up1 is usually play$ by two play]s1 ) ! full pack ( fifty-two c>ds1 :i* rank 9 play z at ,:i/1 ! ace be+ ! highe/1 & ! two ! l[e/4 ,! game is sev5 po9ts4 ,!re are f\r diff]5t items :i* c\nt t[>ds ! score1 :5ce ! "n ,all-,f\rs4 ,su* items are z foll[s3 ,high4--,! highe/ trump out1 scor+ "o to ! orig9al hold]4 ,l[4--,! l[e/ trump out1 scor+ "o to ! orig9al hold]4 ,jack4--,! knave ( trumps1 scor+ "o to ! deal]1 if turn$ up2 if o!rwise1 to ! w9n] ( ! trick to :i* x falls4 ,game4--,scor+ "o to ! ultimate hold] ( ! m valuable c>ds 9 ! tricks won by him1 accord+ to ! foll[+ scale3-- ,= ea* t5 7trump or o!rwise7 #aj ,= ea* ace #d ,= ea* k+ #c ,= ea* que5 #b ,= ea* knave #a #b ,n4,b4--,9 ! case ( ! play]s be+ equal 9 ?is p>ticul>1 or ( nei!r p>ty hold+ any c>d :i* c\nts t[>ds ,game1 ! eld] h& scores ! po9t4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,play+4 ,! play]s cut = deal1 ! highe/ c>d hav+ ! pref]5ce4#a ,! deal] gives six c>ds to ea*1 turn+ up ! ?irte5? z trump4 ,if ! eld] h& is dissatisfi$ ) 8 c>ds1 he may say1 ,i beg1 9 :i* case ! deal] is b\nd ei!r to all[ him 7by ! phrase1 ,take "o7 to score "o po9t1 or to give ea* play] ?ree m c>ds f ! pack1 turn+ up t next foll[+ by way ( fre% trump c>d4 ,if ?is %\ld be ( ! same suit z ! orig9al trump1 ! deal] is b\nd to give ?ree m c>ds to ea*1 aga9 turn+ up ! sev5?1 until a new suit does actually turn up4 ,if ! turn-up c>d be a knave1 ! deal] scores "o1 ?is tak+ prec$5ce ( any o!r score4 ,if1 by reason ( ! eld] h& begg+1 !re is a fur!r deal1 & ! deal] a second "t turns up a knave1 he aga9 scores "o4 ,! eld] h& leads any c>d he pleases4 ,8 antagoni/ mu/ foll[ suit or trump1 8 "r to d ! latt] n be+ affect$ by 8 hold+ c>ds ( ! suit l$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 hav+ a c>d ( ! suit l$1 he nei!r foll[s suit nor trumps1 he becomes liable to ! p5alty ( a revoke4 ,! play] ( ! highe/ c>d ( ! suit l$1 or a trump1 w9s ! trick1 :i* is turn$ d[n z at #c ,:i/1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! six tricks4 ,9 scor+1 ! ord] ( prec$5ce is 7#a7 ,high1 7#b7 ,l[1 7#c7 ,jack1 7#d7 ,game2 subject1 z we h se51 to ! cont+5cy ( ,jack hav+ be5 ! turn-up c>d1 ! po9t = ?is be+ scor$ be=e ! h& is play$4 ,! play is ma9ly direct$ to captur+ ! ,jack1 & su* c>ds z may score t[>ds ,game4 ,"s play]s score a po9t :5ev] ! adv]s>y does n foll[ suit or trump4 ,"s1 aga91 make x ! rule t ea* play] mu/ c\nt 8 score )\t look+ at 8 tricks1 "u p5alty ( los+ "o or m po9ts1 z may be agre$1 9 ! ev5t ( a miscalculation4 ,,f\r-,,h&$ ,,all-,,f\rs4 ,! play]s cut to decide :o %all be p>tn]s2 ! two highe/ play+ aga9/ ! two l[e/1 & fac+ ea* o!r1 z at ,:i/4 ,! "r to ! fir/ deal is decid$ by ! cut1 ! highe/ deal+4#b ,aft]w>ds ea* play] deals 9 rotation4 ,! deal] & ! eld] h& alone look at _! c>ds 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! option ( begg+ re/+ ) ! latt]4 ,! o!r two play]s mu/ n take up _! c>ds till ! deal] has decid$ :e!r he w give "o or run ! c>ds = a new trump4 ,! play]s play 9 succession z at ,:i/1 f\r c>ds con/itut+ a trick4 ,9 o!r respects1 ! play is ! same z 9 ! two-h&$ game4#c 99 99 99 99 99 #d ,,bacc>at4#d ,bacc>at has _m po9ts ( resemblance to ,v+t-un1 b ! elem5t ( *ance is mu* m prom95t4 ,! /akes are made be=e any c>d is dealt1 & "o play] plays = sev]al4 ,!re is !re=e1 save on ! "p ( ! bank]1 sc>cely any scope = p]sonal skill or judgm5t4 ,! object ( ! game is to hold su* c>ds z %all toge!r am\nt to ! po9t ( n9e4 ,! c>ds f ace to n9e c\nt ea* accord+ to ! numb] ( its pips4 ,c\rt c>ds are equival5t to t5s1 & t5 at ?is game is bacc>at1 a synonym = z]o4 ,?us a play] hold+ a ?ree & a t5 7or c\rt c>d7 is consid]$ to h ?ree only2 a play] hold+ two t5s & a five c\nts five only4 ,& n only is a t5? c>d bacc>at 7#j71 b t5 occurr+ z "p ( a total score1 h[ev] made1 is disreg>d$2 s t a five & a six c\nt1 n z elev51 b z "o only2 ?ree1 sev5 & five1 n z fifte51 b z five2 & s on4 ,!re are two =ms ( ,bacc>at1 kn[n respectively z ,bacc>at ,*em9 de ,f] & ,bacc>at #e ,banque1 ! latt] be+ ! v]sion m frequ5tly play$4 ,a description ( ,bacc>at ,*em9 de ,f] w1 h[ev]1 be ! be/ introduction to ! explanation ( ,bacc>at ,banque1 & we !re=e take x fir/ 9 ord]4 ,,bacc>at ,,*em9 ,,de ,,f]4 ,six full packs ( c>ds ( ! same patt]n are us$1 %uffl$ toge!r4 ,! play]s seat !mselves r\nd ! table4 ,9 ! c5tre is a basket = ! reception ( ! us$ c>ds4 ,if !re is any "q z to ! relative positions ( ! play]s1 x is decid$ by lot4 ,! p]son :o draws ! fir/ place seats himself next on ! "r h& ( ! cr\pi]1 & ! re/ foll[ 9 succession4 ,! cr\pi] %uffles ! c>ds1 & !n passes !m on1 ea* play] hav+ ! "r to %uffle 9 turn4 ,:5 !y h made ! circuit ( ! table1 ! cr\pi] aga9 %uffles1 &1 hav+ done s1 (f]s ! c>ds to ! play] on 8 left1 :o cuts4 ,! cr\pi] places ! c>ds be=e him1 &1 tak+ a manageable quantity f ! top1 h&s x to ! play] on 8 "r1 :o = ! "t be+ is deal]1 or bank]4 ,! o!r play]s are punt]s4 ,! deal] places be=e him ! am\nt he is dispos$ to risk1 & ! play]s make _! /akes4 ,any punt]1 beg9n+ ) ! play] on ! imm$iate "r ( ! deal]1 is entitl$ to g bank1 viz4 to play aga9/ ! :ole ( ! bank]'s /ake4 ,if no "o says ,banco 7:i* is ! =mula by :i* ! desire to g bank is express$71 ea* play] places 8 /ake be=e him4 ,if ! total s /ak$ by ! seat$ play]s is n equal to ! am\nt = ! #f "t be+ 9 ! bank1 o!r p]sons /&+ r\nd may /ake 9 addition4 ,if x is m ?an equal to ! am\nt 9 ! bank1 ! punt]s ne>e/ 9 ord] to ! bank] h ! pref]5ce up to su* am\nt1 ! bank] hav+ ! "r to decl9e any /ake 9 excess ( t limit4 ,! /akes be+ made1 ! bank] proce$s to deal f\r c>ds1 face d[nw>ds1 ! fir/1 = ! punt]s1 to ! "r2 ! second to himself2 ! ?ird = ! punt]s1 ! f\r? to himself4 ,! play] :o has ! highe/ /ake repres5ts ! punt]s4 ,if two punt]s are equal 9 ?is respect1 ! play] fir/ 9 rotation has ! pref]5ce4 ,ea* !n looks at 8 c>ds4 ,if he f9ds t !y make ei!r n9e1 ! highe/ po9t at ,bacc>at1 or eight1 ! next highe/1 he turns !m up1 ann\nc+ ! numb] al\d1 & ! h& is at an end4 ,if ! bank]'s po9t is ! bett]1 ! /akes ( ! punt] become ! prop]ty ( ! bank4 ,if ! punt]s' po9t is ! bett]1 ! bank] 7or ! cr\pi] = him7 pays ea* punt] ! am\nt ( 8 /ake4 ,! /akes are made afre%1 & ! game proce$s4 ,if ! bank] has be5 ! w9n]1 he deals aga94 ,if o!rwise1 ! c>ds are pass$ to ! play] next 9 ord]1 :o !reupon becomes bank] 9 8 turn4 ,we w n[ take ! case t nei!r p>ty turns up 8 c>ds2 ?is is tantam\nt to an admission t nei!r has eight or n9e4 ,9 su* case ! bank] is b\nd to (f] a ?ird c>d4 ,if ! po9t ( ! punt] is bacc>at 7i4e4 c>ds toge!r am\nt+ to t5 or tw5ty1 #j71 "o1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r1 he accepts z a matt] ( c\rse1 reply+1 ,yes1 or ,c>d4 ,a ?ird c>d is !n giv5 to #g him1 face upw>ds4 ,if 8 po9t is already six or sev51 he w1 equally z a matt] ( c\rse1 refuse ! (f]$ c>d4 ,to accept a c>d ) six or sev51 or refuse ) bacc>at1 "o1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r 7kn[n 9 ei!r case z a false draw71 is a brea* ( ! e/abli%$ proc$ure ( ! game1 & br+s d[n ^u ! head ( ! (f5d] ! wra? ( 8 fell[-punt]s2 inde$1 9 "s circles he is made liable = any loss !y may incur !reby1 & 9 o!rs is puni%able by a f9e4 ,at ! po9t ( five1 & no o!r1 is x optional to ! punt] :e!r to take a c>d or n2 nobody has ! "r to advise him1 or to rem>k ^u 8 decision4 ,! bank] has n[ to decide :e!r he himself w draw a c>d1 be+ guid$ 9 8 decision p>tly by ! c>ds he already holds1 p>tly by ! c>d 7if any7 drawn by ! punt]1 & p>tly by :at he may "k or guess ( ! latt]'s mode ( play4 ,if he has hesitat$ ov] 8 decision1 ! bank] may be pretty c]ta9 7unless su* hesitation 0 an int5tional bl9d7 t 8 orig9al po9t 0 five1 & z ! ?ird c>d 7if any7 is expos$1 8 pres5t po9t becomes equally a matt] ( c]ta9ty4 ,! bank]1 hav+ drawn or n drawn1 z he may elect1 exposes 8 c>ds1 & receives or pays z ! case may be4 ,ties nei!r w9 nor lose1 b ! /akes abide ! result ( ! next h&4 ,! bank] is n p]mitt$ to )draw any "p ( 8 w9n+s1 :i* g to increase ! am\nt 9 ! bank4 ,%\ld he at any giv5 mom5t desire to retire1 he says1 ,i pass ! deal4 ,9 su* case ea* ( ! o!r play]s1 9 rotation1 has ! option ( tak+ x1 b he mu/ />t ! bank ) ! same am\nt at :i* x /ood :5 ! la/ bank] #h retir$4 ,%\ld no "o pres5t c>e to risk s high a figure1 ! deal passes to ! play] next on ! "r h& ( ! retir+ bank]1 :o is 9 su* case at lib]ty to />t ! bank ) su* am\nt z he ?9ks fit1 ! late bank] n[ be+ reg>d$ z la/ 9 ord] ( rotation1 ?\gh ! respective priorities are n o!rwise affect$4 ,a play] :o has gone bank1 & lo/1 is entitl$ to d s aga9 on ! next h&1 not)/&+ t ! deal may h pass$ to ano!r play]4 ,:5 ! fir/ supply ( c>ds is exhau/$1 ! cr\pi] takes a fre% h&ful f ! heap be=e him1 has !m cut by ! play] on 8 left1 & h&s !m to ! bank]4 ,to con/itute a valid deal1 !re mu/ be n less ?an sev5 c>ds left 9 ! deal]'s h&4 ,%\ld ! c>ds 9 h& fall bel[ ?is numb]1 !y are ?r[n into ! wa/e-basket1 & ! bank] takes a fre% supply z above m5tion$4 ,,bacc>at ,,banque4 ,9 ,bacc>at ,*em9 de ,f]1 x w h be5 notic$ t a giv5 bank only cont9ues s long z ! bank] w9s4 ,s soon z he loses1 x passes to ano!r play]4 ,9 ,bacc>at ,banque ! position ( bank] is mu* m p]man5t4 ,?ree packs ( c>ds1#e %uffl$ toge!r1 are 9 ?is case us$1 & ! bank] 7unless he retires ei!r ( 8 own free w1 or by reason ( ! exhau/ion ( 8 f9ances7 #i holds (fice until ! :ole ( su* c>ds h be5 dealt4 ,! bank is at ! outset put up to auction1 i4e4 belongs to ! play] :o w und]take to risk ! l>ge/ am\nt4 ,9 "s circles1 ! p]son :o has fir/ set d[n 8 "n on ! li/ ( play]s has ! "r to hold ! fir/ bank1 risk+ su* am\nt z he may ?9k prop]4 ,! "r to beg9 hav+ be5 asc]ta9$1 ! bank] takes 8 place midway d[n "o ( ! sides ( an oval table1 ! cr\pi] fac+ him1 ) ! wa/e-basket betwe54 ,on ei!r side ! bank] are ! punt]s1 t5 su* con/itut+ a full table4 ,any o!r p]sons desir+ to take "p rema9 /&+1 & c only play 9 ! ev5t ( ! am\nt 9 ! bank = ! "t be+ n be+ cov]$ by ! seat$ play]s4 ,! cr\pi]1 hav+ %uffl$ ! c>ds1 h&s !m = ! same purpose to ! play]s to ! "r & left ( him1 ! bank] be+ entitl$ to %uffle !m la/1 & to select ! p]son by :om !y %all be cut4 ,ea* punt] hav+ made 8 /ake1 ! bank] deals ?ree c>ds1 ! fir/ to ! play] on 8 "r1 ! second to ! play] on 8 left1 & ! ?ird to himself2 !n ?ree m 9 l mann]4 ,! five punt]s on ! "r 7& any by/&]s /ak+ ) !m7 w9 or lose by ! c>ds dealt to t side2 ! five o!rs by ! c>ds dealt to ! left side4 ,! rules z to turn+ up ) eight or n9e1 (f]+ & accept+ c>ds1 & s on1 are ! same z at ,bacc>at ,*em9 de ,f]4 ,ea* punt] cont9ues to hold ! c>ds = 8 side s long z he w9s4 ,if he lose1 ! next #aj h& is dealt to ! play] next foll[+ him 9 rotation4 ,any play] may g bank1 ! fir/ claim to d s belong+ to ! punt] imm$iately on ! "r ( ! bank]2 ! next to ! play] on 8 left1 & s on alt]natively 9 regul> ord]4 ,if two play]s on opposite sides desire to g bank1 !y g half %>es4 ,a play] go+ bank may ei!r d s on a s+le h&1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse1 or a *eval1 i4e4 on two h&s sep>ately1 "o-half ( ! /ake be+ play$ ^u ea* h&4 ,a play] go+ bank & los+1 may aga9 g bank2 & if he aga9 loses1 may g bank a ?ird "t1 b n fur!r4 ,a play] und]tak+ to hold ! bank mu/ play out "o h&1 b may retire at any "t aft]w>ds4 ,on retir+1 he is b\nd to /ate ! am\nt ) :i* he retires4 ,x is !n op5 to any o!r play] 79 ord] ( rotation7 to cont9ue ! bank1 />t+ ) ! same am\nt1 & deal+ f ! rema9d] ( ! pack us$ by 8 pr$ecessor4 ,! outgo+ bank] takes ! place previ\sly occupi$ by 8 successor4 ,! break+ ( ! bank does n deprive ! bank] ( ! "r to cont9ue1 provid$ t he has funds :]e) to repl5i% x1 up to ! agre$ m9imum4 ,%\ld ! /akes ( ! punt]s exce$ ! am\nt = ! "t be+ 9 ! bank1 ! bank] is n responsible = ! am\nt ( su* excess4 ,9 ! ev5t ( 8 los+1 ! cr\pi] pays ! punt]s 9 ord] ( rotation1 s f> z ! funds 9 ! bank w ext5d2 beyond ?is1 !y h no claim4 ,! bank]1 may1 h[ev]1 9 su* a case1 in/ead ( #aa re/+ on 8 "r1 decl>e ! /akes accept$1 =?) putt+ up ! ne$ful funds to meet !m4 ,9 su* ev5t ! bank !nce=? becomes unlimit$1 & ! bank] mu/ hold all /akes 7to :atev] am\nt7 (f]$ on any subsequ5t h&1 or give up ! bank4#f 99 99 99 99 99 #ab ,,bezique4 ,bezique is a game = two play]s4 ,! piquet pack ( ?irty-two c>ds is us$1 b 9 duplicate1 two su* packs ( l patt]n be+ %uffl$ toge!r4 ,! play]s cut = deal1 ! highe/ c>d hav+ ! pref]5ce4 ,! rank ( ! c>ds 9 cutt+ 7z also 9 play7 is z "u3 ace1 t51 k+1 que51 knave1 n9e1 eight1 sev54 ,eight c>ds are dealt 7by ?ree1 two1 & ?ree7 to ea* play]2 ! sev5te5? c>d be+ turn$ up by way ( trump1 & plac$ betwe5 ! two play]s4 ,! rema9+ c>ds1 kn[n z ! /ock1 are plac$ face d[nw>ds beside x4 ,%\ld ! turn-up c>d be a sev51 ! deal] scores t54 ,! non-deal] leads & ! deal] plays to su* lead any c>d he pleases4 ,if he play a high] c>d 7accord+ to ! scale above giv57 ( ! same suit1 or a trump1 he w9s ! trick2 b he is n b\nd to d ei!r1 or ev5 to foll[ suit4 ,fur!r1 he is at lib]ty to trump1 ev5 ?\gh hold+ a c>d ( ! suit l$4 ,if ! two c>ds play$ are ! same 7e4g4 two n9es ( diamonds71 ! trick belongs to ! lead]4 #ac ,! w9n] ( "o trick leads to ! next1 b be=e do+ s he m>ks any po9ts to :i* 8 h& may entitle him1 leav+ ! c>ds s m>k$ on ! table1 & draws "o c>d f ! top ( ! /ock4 ,8 oppon5t draws a c>d 9 l mann]1 & s ! game proce$s until ! /ock is exhau/$4 ,! hold] ( ! sev5 ( trumps is entitl$ to ex*ange x = ! turn-up c>d1 at ! same "t scor+ t5 = x4 ,! hold] ( ! duplicate sev5 ( trumps scores t5 = x1 b ga9s no fur!r b5efit !reby4 ,! game is usually #ajjj up1 b1 z ! score proce$s by t5s or multiples ( t51 ?is numb] is pretty quickly rea*$4 ,at ! e>li] /age ( ! game1 ! play] scores = ! c>ds he holds 9 8 h&2 c]ta9 c>ds or comb9ations ( c>ds1 duly decl>$1 entitl+ him to score s _m po9ts1 z "u3-- ,po9ts4 ,= ! sev5 ( trumps1 turn$ up by ! deal]1 or decl>$ by ei!r play] #aj ,= ! second sev5 ( trumps #aj ,= ! la/ 7i4e4 ?irty-second7 trick #aj ,= a ,common ,m>riage1 i4e4 k+ & que5 ( any pla9 suit1 decl>$ toge!r #bj ,= a ,royal ,m>riage1 i4e4 k+ & que5 ( ! trump suit1 decl>$ toge!r #dj ,= ,s+le ,bezique 7que5 ( spades & knave ( diamonds7 #dj ,= ,d\ble ,bezique--! same comb9ation aga9 decl>$ by same play] ) fre% c>ds4 7additional7 #ejj ,= ,f\r ,knaves 7( any suits1 e4g4 two knaves ( spades & two ( he>ts71 duly decl>$ #dj ,= ,f\r ,que5s1 duly decl>$ #fj ,= ,f\r ,k+s1 duly decl>$ #hj #ad ,= ,f\r ,aces1 duly decl>$ #ajj ,= ,sequ5ce ( five be/ trumps--ace1 t51 k+1 que51 knave #bej ,brisques--aces or t5s 9 ! tricks won by ei!r play]1 ea*#g #aj ,9 ord] to score1 ! c>ds compos+ ! giv5 comb9ation mu/ be all at ! same "t 9 ! h& ( ! play]4 ,a c>d play$ to a trick is no long] available 7unless a brisque7 to score4 ,a play] c only decl>e aft] w9n+ a trick4 ,hav+ won a trick1 he is at lib]ty to score any comb9ation he may hold1 lay+ ! c>ds =m+ x face upw>ds on ! table4 ,if ! c>ds expos$ %[ two comb9ations he may decl>e bo?1 b mu/ elect :i* ( !m he w score1 res]v+ ! o!r till he aga9 w9s a trick4 ,?us1 hav+ k+ & que5 ( spades & knave ( diamonds on ! table1 he w\ld say1 ,i score #dj = ,bezique1 & #bj to score4 ,:5 he has aga9 won a trick1 hav+ mean:ile reta9$ ! ne$ful c>ds unplay$1 he c !n score ! second comb9ation 7,m>riage74 ,a c>d :i* has once scor$ _c be aga9 us$ to =m "p ( a comb9ation ( ! same k9d3 e4g4 a que5 once us$ to =m a ,m>riage _c aga9 figure 9 a ,m>riage1 ?\gh x may /ill score z "p ( a ,sequ5ce1 or z "o ( ,f\r ,que5s4 ,9 l mann]1 a c>d :i* has once figur$ 9 ,bezique _c be us$ to =m "p ( a second ,bezique1 ?\gh x may be us$ to score ,d\ble ,bezique4 ,nei!r c a c>d :i* has be5 #ae decl>$ 9 a giv5 comb9ation aga9 be decl>$ 9 a comb9ation ( an inf]ior ord]2 e4g4 if a k+ & que5 h be5 decl>$ z "p ( a ,sequ5ce1 a ,m>riage _c aft]w>ds be decl>$ ) ! same c>ds--?\gh _! hav+ figur$ 9 a ,m>riage w\ld be no b> to _! subsequ5t use z "p ( a ,sequ5ce4 ,! decl>$ c>ds1 ?\gh left face upw>ds on ! table1 /ill =m "p ( ! h&1 & are play$ to subsequ5t tricks at ! pleasure ( ! hold]4 ,:5 no m c>ds are left 9 ! /ock1 ! me?od ( play alt]s4 ,no fur!r decl>ations c be made1 & ! only additional score n[ possible is = ! brisques 7aces or t5s7 9 ! rema9+ tricks 7scor$ by ! w9n] ( ! trick71 ) t5 = ! la/ trick1 z be=e /at$4 ,! mode ( play z to ^! la/ eight tricks is accord+ to ,:i/ rules4 ,ea* play] mu/ n[ foll[ suit1 if he c2 if n1 he is at lib]ty to trump4#h ,,h9ts ,,= ,,play4 ,9 ! e>li] /age ( ! game1 tricks are ( no value save 9 s f> z !y conta9 brisques1 or enable ! w9n] to decl>e1 ! scor+ ( ! diff]5t comb9ations be+ ! ma9 object ( ! game4 ,! play] w probably at ! outset f9d t he has 9 h& "s ( ! compon5t p>ts ( two or m comb9ations2 b z he mu/ furni% a c>d to ea* trick1 he w be =c$ to ab&on #af ! "o or ! o!r4 ,9 *oos+ betwe5 !m1 two po9ts %\ld be consid]$2 viz4 fir/1 ! value ( ! comb9ation1 &1 secondly1 ! prospect ( mak+ x4 ,z to ! la/ po9t1 he may d]ive important in=mation f ! c>ds decl>$ by 8 oppon5t4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t he holds a que5 ( spades & two knaves ( diamonds4 ,^! he w\ld naturally reta9 at any co/1 9 ! hope ( mak+ ,d\ble ,bezique2 b %\ld 8 adv]s>y decl>e a m>riage 9 spades1 %[+ t he holds ! rema9+ que5 ( t suit1 all hope ( ,d\ble ,bezique is cle>ly at an end4 ,9 ! case suppos$1 x w\ld be ! policy ( ! oppon5t1 kn[+ or suspect+ t ,d\ble ,bezique 0 aim$ at1 to keep ! que5 ( spades 9 8 h& z long z he possibly c\ld1 ev5 at "s consid]able sacrifice4 ,:5 a brisque is l$1 ! second play] %\ld w9 ! trick if he c d s )\t too great a co/1 =1 ?\gh a brisque only scores t5 to ! w9n]1 ! capture ( ! trick means a loss ( t5 to ! opposite p>ty1 & practically1 !re=e1 makes a diff]5ce ( tw5ty to ! score4 ,unless a brisque be l$1 or y h some?+ to decl>e1 pass ! trick or w9 x ) a brisque4 ,! be/ c>ds to ?r[ away are ! sev5s1 eights1 n9es1 & knaves ( pla9 suits 7o!r ?an ! knave ( diamonds1 :i* %\ld be reta9$ on ! *ance ( mak+ ,bezique74 ,x is g5]ally bett] to risk los+ an ace ?an a que5 or k+1 ! two latt] hav+ ! great] *ance ( scor+4 ,if y *ance to hold ?ree aces at an e>ly /age ( ! game1 ) no prospect ( a m valuable comb9ation1 reta9 !m1 9 ! hope ( draw+ a #ag f\r?4 ,9 any o!r case1 make tricks ) aces 9 pla9 suits :5ev] y c4 ,sequ5ce c>ds %\ld be kept 9 res]ve z long z possible4 ,a duplicate ( a sequ5ce c>d1 ?\gh valueless = scor+ purposes1 %\ld /ill be held up1 z ! unc]ta9ty respect+ x may hamp] y\r oppon5t4 ,ev5 m important ?an sequ5ce c>ds are ! bezique c>ds4 ,aft] scor+ ,bezique1 ! decl>$ c>ds %\ld /ill be reta9$ until x becomes cle> t ,d\ble ,bezique is unatta9able4 ,at a late p]iod ( ! game1 :5 ! opportunities = decl>ation are gr[+ limit$1 x is (t5 wise to decl>e 7say7 ,d\ble ,bezique )\t previ\sly decl>+ s+le ,bezique1 or ,sequ5ce )\t previ\sly decl>+ a ,royal ,m>riage4 ,if y decl>e ! small] score1 & d n aga9 w9 a trick1 y lose ! l>g] score altoge!r4 ,:5 ! /ock is ne>ly exhau/$1 take a trick :5ev] y c1 z y !reby deprive ! adv]s>y ( ! opportunity ( scor+ 8 rema9+ c>ds4 ,note at ?is /age ! expos$ c>ds ( ! adv]s>y1 z y w !reby play ! la/ eight tricks to great] advantage4 ,9 ! play ( ! la/ eight tricks1 y\r ma9 object is to make y\r brisques1 & capture ^? ( ! enemy4 ,res]ve1 if possible1 a good trump :]e) to secure ! la/ trick4 ,,rubicon ,,bezique4 ,rubicon or ,japanese ,bezique is a modification ( ! ord9>y game1 :i* has = "s ye>s f\nd mu* fav\r 9 ,p>is4 ,9 #ahhg1 a code ( #ah laws1 :i* we app5d1 0 drawn up by a committee ( ! ,portl& ,club1 & ,rubicon ,bezique may n[ be reg>d$ z ! /&>d game4 ,f\r packs1 ( l patt]n & %uffl$ toge!r1 are us$4 ,! c>ds rank z at ord9>y ,bezique2 b n9e in/ead ( eight c>ds are dealt1 s+ly or by ?rees1 to ea* play]4 ,!re is no turn-up1 ! fir/ m>riage scor$ det]m9+ ! trump suit4 ,if a sequ5ce be decl>$ & scor$ be=e any m>riage1 su* sequ5ce det]m9es ! trump suit4 ,! scores at ,rubicon ,bezique are z "u3-- ,c>te ,blan*e 7a h& )\t a s+le c\rt c>d7#i #ej ,m>riage 9 pla9 suits #bj ,m>riage 9 trumps#aj #dj ,sequ5ce 9 pla9 suits #aej ,sequ5ce 9 trumps #bej ,s+le ,bezique #dj ,d\ble ,bezique #ejj ,treble ,bezique #aejj ,quadruple ,bezique #dejj ,f\r ,knaves 7irrespective ( suit7 #dj ,f\r ,que5s #fj ,f\r ,k+s #hj ,f\r ,aces #ajj ,= ! la/ trick #ej ,! proc$ure z to play+ & draw+ is ! same z at ord9>y ,bezique1 save t ! tricks are #ai left face upw>ds 9 a heap betwe5 ! play]s until a brisque is play$1 :5 ! w9n] ( ! trick takes !m up1 & turns !m face d[nw>ds1 ne> himself4 ,! value ( ea* brisque is t5 po9ts1 b !y are n scor$ till ! close ( ! game1 & 9 c]ta9 ev5ts 7see po/7 may n be scor$ at all4 ,only "o decl>ation c be scor$ at a "t1 & t only 7save 9 ! case ( c>te blan*e7 by ! w9n] ( a trick2 b if1 on ! c>ds expos$1 ! play] has m ?an "o comb9ation to score1 he may score :i*ev] he pref]s1 at ! same "t call+ att5tion to 8 fur!r claim by say+1 ,& ---- to score4 ,a play] is n b\nd to decl>e any comb9ation1 ev5 :5 expos$ ^u ! table1 unless he ?9ks fit4 ,if he is compell$ to play a c>d ( ! comb9ation be=e he has actually scor$ x1 ! "r to score is at an end4 ,a c>d decl>$ 9 a giv5 comb9ation may n aga9 be decl>$ 9 an inf]ior comb9ation ( ! same class--e4g4 a k+ & que5 decl>$ 9 ,sequ5ce _c be aft]w>ds made available to score a ,royal ,m>riage4 ,! same c>d may1 h[ev]1 be us$ 9 conjunction ) a new c>d or c>ds to =m1 n m]ely a comb9ation ( ! same k9d1 b ! same comb9ation ov] aga94#aa ,?us1 if ,f\r ,que5s h be5 decl>$1 ! play] may play "o ( !m1 &1 :5 he next w9s a trick1 add a fif? que5 to ! ?ree left on ! table1 & aga9 score f\r que5s4 ,if a comb9ation1 duly scor$1 is brok5 up1 "o #bj or m c>ds mu/ be sub/itut$1 ei!r f ! c>ds ^u ! table or f ! h& ( ! play]1 to entitle him to a fre% score4 ,!re is an app>5t exception to ?is rule 9 ! fact t1 if a play] has decl>$ two indep5d5t m>riages 9 ! same suit1 & all f\r c>ds are on ! table simultane\sly1 he may make two m decl>ations ( m>riage ) ! same c>ds4 ,9 tru?1 h[ev]1 ?is m]ely foll[s ! rule4 ,k+ #a 7already m>ri$ to que5 #a7 may aga9 be m>ri$ to que5 #b2 & k+ #b 7already m>ri$ to que5 #b7 to que5 #a 9 l mann]4 ,a play] :o has two or m decl>ations to score may elect :i* he w score fir/1 ! o!r rema9+ 9 abeyance2 e4g4 a play] hav+ decl>$ ,f\r ,k+s1 includ+ ! k+ ( spades1 & subsequ5tly decl>+ ,bezique 7! k+ ( spades /ill rema9+ on ! table7 w\ld ipso facto become entitl$ to score a ,m>riage1 royal or ord9>y1 z ! case might be4 ,we w suppose ! =m]4 ,9 su* a case1 he w\ld say1 ,i score =ty1 & =ty = m>riage to score4 ,?is decl>ation %\ld be repeat$1 by way ( rem9d]1 aft] ea* trick1 till actually scor$4 ,if1 9 ! meantime1 ! play] becomes entitl$ to score "s o!r comb9ation1 he may1 on w9n+ a trick1 score ! latt] 9 pref]5ce to ! "o previ\sly decl>$1 /ill keep+ ?is 9 res]ve4 ,! m]e fact ( hav+ decl>$ a giv5 comb9ation to score does n pres]ve ! "r to score x1 if 9 ! meantime ! decl>ant ei!r plays "o ( ! c>ds compos+ x or makes use ( !m to score "s high] decl>ation ( ! same class4 ,! la/ n9e tricks are play$ l ! la/ eight #ba 9 ! ord9>y game2 b ! w9n] ( ! la/ trick1 in/ead ( #aj1 scores #ej4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,score ,,is ,,dealt ,,)4 ,! game is complete 9 "o deal1 & is won by ! play] :o scores mo/ po9ts1 accord+ to ! =ego+ table1 exclusive ( brisques4 ,^! latt] are only tak5 into acc\nt :]e ! scores are o!rwise equal4 ,if1 aft] ! addition ( ! brisques1 ! scores are /ill equal1 ! game is drawn4 ,!re is "o o!r case 9 :i* ! brisques are reckon$4 ,! score ( #ajjj po9ts is kn[n z ! ,rubicon1 & a play] n rea*+ ?is score is rubicon$4 ,9 ?is case1 also1 ea* play] adds 9 8 brisques2 & if ! score ( ! los] is !reby br\ght up to #ajjj1 he saves ! rubicon4 ,assum+ t ! rubicon is sav$1 ! score ( ! los] is d$uct$ f t ( ! w9n]1 fractions ( a hundr$ be+ disreg>d$ 9 bo? cases4 ,to ! diff]5ce are add$ #ejj po9ts = game1 & ! total is ! value ( ! game1 ! /akes be+ usually s mu* p] hundr$ po9ts4 ,if x happ5 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two scores is less ?an #ajj1 x is reckon$ at t figure1 mak+1 ) ! #ejj = game1 #fjj4 ,?us1 if ! respective scores are1 ,a1 #aeaj2 ,b1 #abdj2 ,a w9s #aejj - #abjj #ejj #hjj4 ,if ,a's score 7 #aeej1 & ,b's #aebj1 ,a w\ld w9 #ajj #ejj #fjj4 ,if ,b is rubicon$1 ! value ( ! game is comput$ aft] a diff]5t me?od4 ,! po9ts made by him 7/ill disreg>d+ fractions ( a hundr$7 in/ead ( be+ subtract$ f1 are add$ to ! #bb score ( ! w9n]1 :o is fur!r entitl$ to #ajjj = ! game & #cjj = brisques4#ab ,?us1 if ,a has won #acbj1 & ,b #fbj1 ! value ( ,a's game w be #acjj #fjj #ajjj #cjj #cbjj4 ,if ! rubicon$ play] has scor$ less ?an #ajj1 t am\nt 7#ajj7 is add$ to ! score ( ! o!r play]1 z well z ! #ajjj = game & #cjj = brisques1 z be=e m5tion$4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,rubicon ,,bezique4 ,,%uffl+4 #a4--,rubicon ,bezique is play$ ) f\r packs ( ?irty-two c>ds1 %uffl$ toge!r4 #b4--;,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle ! pack4 ,! deal] has ! "r ( %uffl+ la/4 #c4--,! pack mu/ n be %uffl$ bel[ ! table1 nor 9 su* mann] z to expose ! faces ( ! c>ds4 ,,cutt+4 #d4--;,a cut mu/ consi/ ( at lea/ five c>ds1 & at lea/ five mu/ be left 9 ! l[] packet4 #e4--,! c>ds rank z foll[s1 bo? 9 cutt+ & 9 play+3 ace 7highe/71 t51 k+1 que51 knave1 n9e1 eight1 sev5 7l[e/74 #f4--,! play] :o cuts ! high] c>d has *oice ( deal1 seats & m>k]s4 ,! *oice det]m9es bo? seats & m>k]s dur+ ! play4 #g4--;,if1 9 cutt+ = deal1 a play] expose m ?an "o c>d1 he mu/ cut aga94 #bc #h4--,! cut = deal holds good ev5 if ! pack be incorrect4 #i4--;,if1 9 cutt+ to ! deal]1 or 9 reunit+ ! sep>at$ packets1 a c>d be expos$1 or if !re be any confusion ( ! c>ds1 !re mu/ be a fre% cut4 ,,deal+4 #aj4--,! deal] mu/ deal ! c>ds by "o at a "t1 giv+ ! top c>d to 8 adv]s>y1 ! next c>d to himself1 & s on2 or by ?ree at a "t1 giv+ ! top ?ree c>ds to 8 adv]s>y1 ! next ?ree to himself1 & s on2 until ea* play] has n9e c>ds4 ,! undealt c>ds 7call$ ! /ock7 are to be plac$ face d[nw>d1 9 "o packet1 9 ! middle ( ! table1 to ! left ( ! deal]4 #aa4--;,if ! deal] deal ! c>ds wrongly1 he may rectify ! error1 ) ! p]mission ( 8 adv]s>y1 prior to ei!r play] hav+ tak5 up any ( 8 c>ds4 #ab4--;,if1 aft] ! deal1 & be=e ! deal] has play$ to ! fir/ trick1 x be discov]$ t ei!r play] has m ?an n9e c>ds !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 ,if x be simil>ly discov]$ t ei!r play] has less ?an n9e c>ds1 ! deal may be complet$ f ! top ( ! /ock by mutual agreem5t1 o!rwise !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 #ac4--;,if ! deal] expose a c>d belong+ to 8 adv]s>y or to ! /ock1 ! non-deal] has ! option ( a fre% deal4 ,if ! deal] expose any ( 8 own c>ds1 ! deal /&s good4 #ad4--;,if a fac$ c>d be f\nd 9 ! pack be=e ! play ( ! h& has begun1 !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 #bd ,,c>te ,,blan*e4 #ae4--;,if a play] h a h& dealt him )\t k+1 que5 or knave1 he may decl>e c>te blan*e be=e play+ a c>d4 ,c>te blan*e mu/ be %[n by c\nt+ ! c>ds1 "o by "o1 face upw>d1 on ! table4 #af4--;,if1 aft] play+ a c>d1 a play] :o has decl>$ c>te blan*e draw a c>d o!r ?an k+1 que5 or knave1 he is entitl$ to decl>e ano!r c>te blan*e on %[+ ! c>d drawn to 8 adv]s>y2 & s on aft] e c>d drawn1 until he draws a k+1 que5 or knave4 ,,play+4 #ag4--;,if a play] play ) m ?an n9e c>ds he is rubicon$2 b ! am\nt to be add$ to 8 adv]s>y's score is n to exce$ n9e hundr$1 exclusive ( ! ?irte5 hundr$ = a rubicon game4 #ah4--;,if bo? play]s play ) m ?an n9e c>ds1 ! game is null & void4 #ai4--;,if a play] play ) less ?an n9e c>ds1 ! error _c be rectifi$4 ,he is liable to no p5alty2 8 adv]s>y w9s ! la/ trick4 #bj4--;,if bo? play]s play ) less ?an n9e c>ds1 ! deal /&s good1 & ! w9n] ( ! la/ trick scores x4 #ba4--;,if "o play] play ) m ?an n9e c>ds1 & ! o!r ) less ?an n9e1 ! deal /&s good4 ,! play] ) m ?an n9e c>ds is rubicon$ 7z provid$ 9 ,law #ag71 & nei!r play] scores ! la/ trick4 #bb4--;,if a fac$ c>d be f\nd 9 ! /ock aft] ! play ( ! h& has begun1 x mu/ be turn$ #be face d[nw>d1 )\t alt]+ its place 9 ! /ock4 #bc4--;,a c>d l$ 9 turn may n be tak5 up aft] x has be5 play$ to4 ,a c>d play$ to a trick may n be tak5 up aft] ! trick has be5 turn$1 or aft] ano!r c>d has be5 drawn f ! /ock2 b if two or m c>ds be play$ toge!r1 all b "o may be tak5 up2 & c>ds accid5tally dropp$ may be tak5 up4 #bd4--;,a c>d l$ out ( turn mu/ be tak5 up1 unless x has be5 play$ to4 ,aft] x has be5 play$ to1 x is too late to rectify ! error4 #be4--;,a play] :o w9s a trick conta9+ a brisque %\ld at once take up all ! play$ c>ds on ! table1 & turn !m face d[nw>d ne> himself4 ,if he fail to d s1 8 adv]s>y is entitl$1 z soon z he has won a trick1 to take up all ! play$ c>ds on ! table4 ,tricks turn$ may n be look$ at 7except z provid$ 9 ,law #bg74 #bf4--,! /ock may be c\nt$1 face d[nw>ds1 at any "t dur+ ! play4 ,a play] c\nt+ ! /ock %\ld be c>eful n to di/urb ! ord] ( ! c>ds4 #bg4--;,a play] may n c\nt ! brisques 9 8 tricks s long z m ?an twelve c>ds rema9 9 ! /ock4 ,,draw+4 #bh4--;,if ! w9n] ( a trick see two c>ds :5 draw+ f ! /ock1 he mu/ %[ ! top c>d to 8 adv]s>y4 #bi4--;,if ! los] ( a trick draw ! top c>d ( ! /ock & see x1 he mu/ re/ore ! c>d drawn 9 error1 & mu/ %[ ! next c>d to 8 adv]s>y2 b1 if ! los] ( a trick draw ! top c>d1 #bf & ! w9n] draw ! next c>d & see x1 x is too late to rectify ! error1 & ! play]s reta9 ! c>ds errone\sly drawn4 #cj4--;,if ! los] ( a trick1 aft] ! w9n] has drawn1 see two c>ds :5 draw+ f ! /ock1 8 adv]s>y has *oice ( ! two c>ds ( ! foll[+ draw1 & is entitl$ to look at bo? be=e *oos+4 ,if he *oose ! second c>d1 he ne$ n %[ x4 #ca4--;,if a play] see sev]al c>ds :5 draw+ f ! /ock1 8 adv]s>y has *oice ( ! two c>ds ( ! foll[+ draw1 & !n ( ! c>ds ( ! next draw2 & s on1 z long z any c>d :i* has be5 se5 rema9s undrawn2 & he is entitl$ to look at ! c>ds be=e *oos+4 #cb4--;,if !re be an odd numb] ( c>ds 9 ! /ock1 ! la/ c>d is n drawn4 ,,decl>+4 #cc4--;,decl>$ c>ds mu/ be plac$ face upw>d on ! table sep>ate f ! tricks1 & 7except 9 ! case ( c>te blan*e7 mu/ rema9 !re until play$1 or until ! /ock is exhau/$4 #cd4--;,if a decl>$ c>d be play$1 & a c>d :i* re/ores any scor+ comb9ation or comb9ations be sub/itut$1 ^! comb9ations may be decl>$ aga94 #ce4--;,if a play] decl>e m ?an "o m>riage 9 ! same suit1 he may decl>e a fre% m>riage :5ev] he plays "o ( ! decl>$ c>ds1 s long z a k+ & que5 rema9 on ! table4 #cf4--;,a play] :o has decl>$ m>riage may aft]w>ds add ! ace1 t51 & knave ( ! same suit z ! m>riage1 & decl>e sequ5ce2 or he #bg may decl>e sequ5ce )\t fir/ decl>+ ! m>riage4 #cg4--;,a k+ or que51 once decl>$ 9 sequ5ce1 _c be aft]w>ds us$ to =m "p ( a m>riage2 b a play]1 hav+ decl>$ sequ5ce1 may decl>e m>riage ) a fre% k+ & que5 ( ! same suit4 #ch4--;,bezique comb9ations may be decl>$ sep>ately1 & may be aft]w>ds unit$ to =m a sup]ior comb9ation2 or s+le1 d\ble1 or triple bezique may be add$ to any already decl>$ comb9ation1 to =m a sup]ior "o2 or1 d\ble1 triple1 or quadruple bezique may be at once decl>$1 )\t hav+ be5 previ\sly decl>$ sep>ately4 ,bezique c>ds once decl>$ 9 a sup]ior bezique comb9ation _c be aft]w>ds us$ to =m "p ( an inf]ior "o2 b !y may be us$ to =m "p ( equal or sup]ior comb9ations ) a sub/itut$ c>d1 or ) add$ c>ds1 or ) bo?4 #ci4--;,a play] :o has c>ds on ! table ) :i* he might =m a scor+ comb9ation1 is n b\nd to decl>e x4 ,,scor+4 #dj4--;,a play] decl>+-- ,c>te ,blan*e scores #ej ,m>riage 9 trumps #dj ,m>riage 9 pla9 suits #bj ,sequ5ce 9 trumps #bej ,sequ5ce 9 pla9 suits #aej ,bezique #dj ,d\ble ,bezique #ejj ,triple ,bezique #aejj ,quadruple ,bezique #dejj ,f\r ,aces #ajj #bh ,f\r ,k+s #hj ,f\r ,que5s #fj ,f\r ,knaves #dj #da4--,! fir/ m>riage scor$ makes ! trump suit4 ,if no m>riage 8 be5 scor$1 ! fir/ sequ5ce scor$ makes ! trump suit4 #db4--;,a play] c only score a decl>ation on w9n+ a trick & be=e draw+1 except 9 ! case ( c>te blan*e1 :i* is scor$ be=e play+1 & indep5d5tly ( w9n+ a trick4 #dc4--,only "o decl>ation c be scor$ at a "t2 b if a play] decl>e a c>te blan*e :i* conta9s f\r aces1 he may also score f\r aces if he w9 ! trick1 not)/&+ t he has already scor$ c>te blan*e4 #dd4--;,if ! w9n] ( a trick h two or m decl>ations to score1 he may *oose :i* he w fir/ score4 ,on w9n+ ano!r trick1 he may simil>ly *oose :i* ( ! rema9+ decl>ations he w score1 or he may make & score a fre% decl>ation1 & leave any unscor$ decl>ations /ill to score on w9n+ ano!r trick4 #de4--;,a play] :o has a decl>ation to score %\ld repeat aft] e trick :at he has to score4 ,he may score x at any "t on w9n+ a trick1 & be=e draw+4 #df4--;,if a play] :o has a decl>ation to score play a c>d ( ! comb9ation be=e scor+ x1 he loses ! score4 #dg4--;,if a play] h a m>riage to score1 &1 on w9n+ a trick1 add to ! m>riage ! ace1 t51 & knave ( ! suit1 & score sequ5ce1 he loses ! score = ! m>riage4 #dh4--;,if a play] h an inf]ior bezique #bi comb9ation to score1 &1 on w9n+ a trick1 add to ! bezique comb9ation c>ds :i* =m a sup]ior bezique comb9ation1 & score ! sup]ior comb9ation1 he loses ! score = ! inf]ior "o4 #di4--;,a play] :o has a decl>ation to score is n b\nd to score x4 #ej4--;,if a play] errone\sly score a decl>ation :i* does n con/itute a scor+ comb9ation1 & ! error be n discov]$ be=e a c>d ( ! next trick has be5 play$1 ! score m>k$ /&s good2 & s on = all subsequ5t scores simil>ly m>k$ be=e ! discov]y ( ! error4 #ea4--;,if an error 9 m>k+ ! score be prov$1 x may be correct$ at any "t dur+ ! game4 #eb4--,no decl>ation c be scor$ aft] ! /ock is exhau/$4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,n9e ,,tricks4 #ec4--,! w9n] ( ! la/ trick adds fifty to ! score4 #ed4--,! w9n] ( ! la/ trick is b\nd to score x 7except z provid$ 9 ,law #ba74 #ee4--;,if1 dur+ ! play ( ! la/ n9e tricks1 a play] fail to foll[ suit :5 able1 or fail to w9 ! c>d l$ :5 able--on detection ( ! error1 ! c>d errone\sly play$1 & all c>ds subsequ5tly play$1 mu/ be tak5 up & replay$4 #cj ,,comput+ ,,! ,,game4 #ef4--,! brisques 7aces & t5s7 score t5 ea* to ! play] hav+ !m 9 8 tricks2 b ! brisques are only tak5 into acc\nt z provid$ 9 ,laws #fj & #fa4 #eg4--,! w9n] ( ! game d$ucts ! score ( ! los] f 8 own 7exclud+ fractions ( a hundr$71 & ! diff]5ce1 ) five hundr$ add$ = ! game1 is ! numb] ( po9ts won4 ,if ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! scores be less ?an a hundr$1 ! w9n] adds a hundr$ to ! score ( five hundr$ = ! game4 #eh4--;,if ! los] fail to score a ?\s&1 he is rubicon$4 ,! w9n]1 :e!r 8 score rea* a ?\s& or n1 adds ! score ( ! los] to 8 own 7exclud+ fractions ( a hundr$7 & ! sum1 ) ?irte5 hundr$ add$ = ! game1 is ! numb] ( po9ts won4 #ei4--;,if a play] :o is rubicon$ has scor$ less ?an a hundr$1 ! w9n] adds a hundr$ to 8 score1 9 addition to ! score ( ?irte5 hundr$ = ! game4 #fj4--;,if ! los] ( a game fail to score a ?\s&1 b h 9 8 tricks a suffici5t numb] ( brisques to br+ 8 total score to a ?\s&1 he is n rubicon$4 ,ea* play] adds 8 brisques to 8 score1 & ! game is comput$ z provid$ 9 ,law #eg4 #fa4--;,if ! scores be s ne>ly equal t ! brisques mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 ord] to decide :o w9s ! game1 & ! los] be n rubicon$1 ea* play] adds 8 brisques to ! score1 & ! game is !n comput$ z provid$ 9 #ca ,law #eg2 b if ! los] be rubicon$1 ! brisques1 ?\gh tak5 into acc\nt 9 ord] to decide :o w9s ! game1 are n add$ to ! scores1 & ! game is comput$ z provid$ 9 ,law #eh4 ,9 ! case ( a tie aft] add+ ! brisques1 ! game is null & void4 ,,incorrect ,,packs4 #fb4--;,if a pack be discov]$ to be incorrect1 r$undant1 or imp]fect1 ! deal 9 :i* ! discov]y is made is void4 ,all prec$+ deals /& good4 #fc4--;,if a c>d or c>ds :i* complete ! pack be f\nd on ! floor1 ! deal /&s good4 ,,*ang+ ,,c>ds4 #fd4--;,be=e ! pack is cut to ! deal]1 a play] may call = fre% c>ds at 8 own exp5se4 ,he mu/ call = f\r fre% packs4 #fe4--,torn or m>k$ c>ds mu/ be replac$1 or fre% packs call$ = at ! exp5se ( ! two play]s4 ,,by/&]s4 #ff4--;,if a by/&] call att5tion to any error or ov]sight1 & !reby affect ! score1 he may be call$ on to pay all /akes & bets ( ! play] ^: int]e/ he has prejudicially affect$4 99 99 99 99 99 #cb ,,bl9d ,,hookey4 ,! play]s1 ( :om !re may be any numb]1 cut = deal1 ! l[e/ hav+ ! pref]5ce4 ,! pack is !n %uffl$ by ! play] on ! deal]'s "r h&1 & aft]w>ds1 if he s please1 by ! deal] himself1 aft] :i* x is cut by ! "r-h& play]4 ,! two halves are !n re-unit$1 & ! pack is pass$ to ! play] on ! left ( ! deal]1 :o cuts f ! top a small quantity ( c>ds 7n less ?an f\r1 nor m ?an 8 due proportion ( ! pack74 ,! pack is !n pass$ to ! next play]1 :o cuts a simil> portion1 & s on r\nd ! circle1 ! c>ds left belong+ to ! deal]4 ,no "o looks at 8 c>ds1 b makes 8 /ake on pure speculation2 h5ce ! "n bl9d hookey4 ,! deal] !n turns up 8 c>ds1 & %[s ! bottom "o2 ! o!r play]s d ! same4 ,ea* play] hold+ a high] c>d ?an t ( ! deal] receives ! am\nt ( 8 /ake2 all bel[ or equal pay ! deal]4 ,?is is repeat$ until a h& occurs 9 :i* ! deal] is a los] all r\nd1 :5 ! deal is at an end1 & ! next play] deals4 ,a second me?od is z "u3 ,! c>ds hav+ #cc be5 %uffl$ & cut1 ! deal] cuts !m into ?ree portions4 ,two ( ^! are = ! company1 ! ?ird = himself4 ,! o!r play]s place _! /akes on :i*ev] two packets !y please1 ! reject$ packet be+ tak5 by ! deal]4#ac ,! /akes hav+ be5 made1 ! c>ds are turn$ up1 & ! play]s receive or pay z ! bottom c>ds ( _! packets prove to be high] or l[] ?an t ( ! deal]4 99 99 99 99 99 #cd ,,cribbage4 ,cribbage is prim>ily a game = two play]s1 ?\gh x may also be play$ by ?ree1 or ev5 f\r p]sons2 9 ! latt] case1 two play+ aga9/ two1 z at ,:i/4 ,( ! two-h&$ game !re are ?ree v>ieties1 kn[n1 f ! numb] ( c>ds dealt to ea* play]1 z five-c>d1 six-c>d1 & sev5-c>d cribbage4 ,! numb] ( po9ts to be made 9 ! fir/ case is #fa2 9 ! second1 #aba2 & 9 ! ?ird1 #aha4 ,if ! los] has made less ?an half ! specifi$ numb] ( po9ts1 he is lur*$1 & pays d\ble ! agre$ /ake4 ,illu/ration3 ,cribbage ,bo>d4 ,! score is m>k$ by means ( pegs ( ivory or bone1 on a special bo>d1 z depict$ above4 ,x w be obs]v$ t !re is on ei!r side ( ! bo>d a d\ble r[ ( holes1 ?irty 9 ea*1 divid$1 = conv5i5ce 9 c\nt+1 into sets ( five4 ,! bo>d is plac$ cross-wise betwe5 ! play]s1 & #ce bo? />t f ! same end 7:i* %\ld be t to ! left ( ! fir/ deal]71 ea* travell+ up ! out] & d[n ! inn] r[ 7once r\nd 9 ! five-c>d1 twice 9 ! six-c>d1 & ?rice 9 ! sev5-c>d game71 t]m9at+ ) ! game-hole at ! end f :i* !y />t$4 ,9 scor+1 ! h9d] peg = ! "t be+ is advanc$ ! requisite numb] ( po9ts beyond ! =emo/4 ,we w comm5ce ) ! five-c>d game4 ,! pack ( fifty-two c>ds is us$1 & ! play]s cut = deal1 ! l[e/ deal+4 ,= ?is & = sequ5ce purposes1 ! c>ds rank 9 regul> ord] f ace 7l[e/7 up to k+ 7highe/71 b 9 c\nt+ c\rt c>ds c\nt z t5s4 ,! pack hav+ be5 %uffl$1 ! non-deal] cuts1 & 8 oppon5t deals1 "o at a "t1 five c>ds to ea* play]4 ,mean:ile ! non-deal] scores ?ree holes1 kn[n z ?ree = la/1 & reg>d$ z a set-(f = ! advantage ( fir/ deal4 ,! undealt portion ( ! pack is plac$ face d[nw>ds betwe5 ! play]s4 ,ea* play] n[ lays out two ( 8 c>ds 7plac$ face d[nw>ds to ! "r h& ( ! deal]7 to =m :at is call$ ! crib4 ,! pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! lay out w be discuss$ lat]4 ,! crib hav+ be5 laid out1 ! non-deal] cuts1 by lift+ (f ! upp] half ( ! pack4 ,! deal] turns up ! c>d left upp]mo/ & places x on ! top ( ! pack4 ,?is c>d is kn[n z ! />t4 ,%\ld x *ance to be a knave1 ! deal] is entitl$ to two = 8 heels1 & scores two po9ts4 ,! score dep5ds p>tly ^u ! c\rse ( play1 #cf & p>tly ^u ! play]'s hold+ c]ta9 comb9ations ( c>ds4 ,^! latt] are scor$ at ! close ( ! h&4 ,! scores :i* may be made 9 c\rse ( play are z "u3-- ,,pairs4--,a play] play+ a simil> c>d to ! c>d la/ play$ by 8 adv]s>y 7z a k+ to a k+1 or a sev5 to a sev57 is entitl$ to score two = a pair4#ad ,,pairs-,,royal4--,if ! fir/ play] 9 ! case la/ suppos$ c foll[ ) a ?ird c>d ( ! same description1 he scores six = a pair-royal4 ,,d\ble ,,pairs-,,royal4--,if ! second play] replies ) a f\r? c>d ( ! same description1 he scores twelve = a d\ble pair-royal4 ,,sequ5ces1 ,,or ,,runs4--,?ree or m c>ds ( any suit b =m+ a regul> num]ical succession 7z two1 ?ree1 f\r2 knave1 t51 n9e71 c\nt "o = ea* c>d to ! la/ play]4 ,! sequ5ce ne$ n be play$ 9 regul> ord]1 s long z ! c>ds expos$ = ! "t be+ =m an unbrok5 s]ies4 ,?us1 suppose t ,a plays a five1 & ,b a f\r4 ,if ,a n[ plays ei!r a six or a ?ree1 he is entitl$ to score a run ( ?ree 7?ree po9ts74 ,we w suppose t he plays a ?ree4 ,if ,b c play ei!r a six or a two1 he w be entitl$ to score f\r2 & if ,a c !n add ano!r c>d at ei!r end1 he w score five4 ,suppose1 aga91 t ,a has play$ a five & a ?ree1 & ,b a two & a six4 ,if ,a n[ plays a f\r1 he is entitl$ to score five = ! complete sequ5ce4 ,! highe/ numb] t c be scor$ #cg = a sequ5ce is sev51 = ace1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 sev54 ,ace1 k+1 que51 d n c\nt z a sequ5ce4 ,,fifte5 or ,,?irty-,,"o4--,a play] ^: c>d makes1 ) ^? already expos$1 ! numb] fifte51 scores two4 ,if ei!r play] makes ?irty-"o1 he scores two 9 l mann]4 ,if1 :5 ! c>ds on ! table approa* ?irty-"o1 ! play] ^: turn x is c g no fur!r )\t pass+ t numb]1 he says1 ,g4 ,8 oppon5t !n plays any o!r c>d or c>ds up to t limit4 ,if !y make ?irty-"o exactly1 he scores two2 if n1 he scores "o = la/ c>d1 i4e4 ! la/ c>d play$4 ,?is 7at five-c>d cribbage7 t]m9ates ! h&4 ,! h& be+ ov]1 ! play]s1 beg9n+ ) ! non-deal]1 proce$ to %[1 i4e4 turn up _! c>ds1 & reckon h[ _m po9ts !y may conta9 conjo9tly ) ! turn-up c>d1 :i* is reg>d$ z belong+1 = ?is purpose1 to ! h& ( ea* play]1 z also to ! crib ( ! deal]4 ,! fir/ po9t not$ is ! fifte5s !y may conta91 two po9ts be+ reckon$ = ea*1 & ! c>ds be+ comb9$ 9 e possible way to make t numb]4 ,?us ?ree fives & a t5 or c\rt c>d make 7ap>t f _! value "u o!r aspects7 f\r fifte5s 7te*nically spok5 ( z fifte5 eight#ae71 ea* ( ! fives =m+ "o fifte5 ) ! t51 & ! ?ree fives unit$ =m+ ano!r4 ,! next ?+ to be not$ is ! pres5ce ( any pairs1 pair-royal1 or d\ble pair-royal4 ,?us1 9 ! #ch case suppos$1 ! play]1 aft] claim+ fifte5 eight1 w\ld g on to say & six = a pair-royal1 f\rte54 ,if all ! ?ree c>ds 9 ! h& are 9 sequ5ce 7indep5d5t ( suit71 ?ree po9ts are reckon$ = ?is1 or if ! ?ree =m a sequ5ce ) ! turn-up c>d1 f\r4 ,if ?ree ( ! c>ds are 9 sequ5ce1 & ! f\r? is a duplicate ( "o ( !m1 su* f\r? c>d is reg>d$ z mak+ a fre% sequ5ce ) ! o!r two1 ! d\ble run1 z x is call$1 scor+ six po9ts4 ,besides ?is1 ! hold] is entitl$ to two = 8 pair 7! two duplicate c>ds71 br++ ! total value 7irrespective ( fifte5s7 up to eight4 ,:]e 7z 9 crib at five-c>d1 or h& or crib at six-c>d ,cribbage7 five c>ds h to be reckon$1 x may happ5 t ?ree are 9 sequ5ce1 & t ! o!r two are duplicates ( "o ( !m4 ,9 ?is case !y con/itute a treble run ( ?ree 7n9e po9ts7 & a pair-royal 7six po9ts71 total fifte54 ,if ! ?ree c>ds ( ! h& are all ( "o suit1 ! play] scores ?ree po9ts = a flu%4 ,if ! turn-up is ( ! same suit1 f\r po9ts4 ,if ! h& *ance to conta9 a knave ( ! same suit z ! turn-up c>d1 ! hold] is entitl$ to score "o po9t1 = 8 nob4 ,! non-deal] hav+ scor$ 8 po9ts1 z above indicat$1 ! deal] proce$s to score any po9ts1 fir/ 9 8 h&1 & !n 9 ! crib1 9 l mann]4 ,!re is only "o di/9ction1 viz41 t1 9 c\nt+ crib1 a flu% is n reckon$ unless ! />t is ( ! same suit z ! re/4 ,9 ?is case ! flu% is wor? five po9ts 7"o = ea* c>d74 #ci ,! foll[+ table indicates ! me?od ( c\nt+ "s ( ! m important comb9ations 7includ+ ! />t7 ( ! h& at five-c>d ,cribbage3-- ,po9ts4 ,f\r fives 7,fifte5 eight & a d\ble pair-royal7 #bj ,?ree fives & a t5 7,fifte5 eight & a pair-royal7 #ad ,two fives1 a f\r1 & a six ,fifte5-f\r1 pair1 ,two f\rs1 a five1 & a six & d\ble run ( ,two sixes1 a f\r1 & a five ?ree #ab ,?ree ?rees & a n9e ,?ree sixes & a n9e ,?ree sixes & a ?ree ,?ree sev5s & an eight ,fifte5 six & a pair-royal #ab ,?ree eights & a sev5 ,?ree n9es & a six ,?ree sev5s & an ace ,two eights1 a six 7or n9e71 & a sev5 ,fifte5 f\r1 ,two sev5s1 a six1 & an eight pair1 & d\ble ,six1 five1 & two f\rs run ( ?ree #ac ,two fives & two t5s or c\rt c>ds ( l d5om9ation 7,fifte5 eight & two pairs7 #ab ,two n9es & two sixes 7,fifte5 eight1 & two pairs7 #ab ,two fives1 a t51 & a c\rt c>d 7,fifte5 eight & a pair7 #aj ,two sixes1 a sev51 & an eight 7,fifte5 two1 pair1 & d\ble run ( ?ree7 #aj ,a five & any ?ree c\rt c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 or t51 knave1 que5 7,fifte5 six & run ( ?ree7 #i ,a five & ?ree c\rt c>ds1 or a t5 & c\rt c>ds1 9 sequ5ce 7,fifte5 six & run ( ?ree7 #i ,any sequ5ce ( ?ree c>ds1 ) a duplicate ( "o ( !m1 b no fifte5 7,pair & d\ble run ( ?ree7 #h ,:]e ! f\r c>ds ( ! h& 7or all f\r ( ! crib1 & ! />t7 are ( ! same suit1 ! value ( ! flu% 7f\r or five1 z ! case may be7 mu/ be add$4 ,:]e ei!r includes a knave ( #dj ! same suit z ! />t1 "o = 8 nob w be scor$ 9 addition4 ,a /udy ( ! =ego+ table %\ld be a mat]ial aid to ! play] 9 disc>d+ = crib4 ,if he is deal]1 he desires ! crib to be z productive z possible2 if non-deal]1 ! rev]se4 ,on ! o!r side1 he desires to reta9 su* c>ds z %all be likely to score be/ 9 8 h&1 & ^! two objects frequ5tly cla%4 ,x is !re=e1 important to "k :i* to pref]4 ,we w fir/ exam9e ! "q f ! deal]'s po9t ( view4 ,bo? h& & crib belong to him1 b ! h& consi/s 7includ+ ! />t71 ( f\r c>ds only1 :ile ! crib has five4 ,! possible comb9ations ( five c>ds are s num]\s t space w only p]mit u to give examples ( a few lead+ h&s4 ,! highe/ possible score is tw5ty-n9e1 :i* is made by ?ree fives & a knave1 ) a f\r? five1 ( ! same suit z ! knave1 turn$ up by way ( />t4#af ,! mode ( reckon+ is z foll[s3 ! f\r fives1 9 f\r comb9ations ( ?ree1 score fifte5 eight4 ,ea* ( !m aga9 scores a fifte5 9 conjunction ) ! knave1 mak+ eight m4 ,to ^! are add$ twelve = ! d\ble pair-royal1 & "o = 8 nob1 mak+ tw5ty-n9e4 ,two fives1 two f\rs1 & a six ,fifte5 eight1 two ,two fives1 two sixes1 & a f\r pairs1 & a run ,two f\rs1 two sixes1 & a five ( ?ree f\r times ,two sev5s1 two eights1 & a repeat$ #bd n9e #da ,f\r ?rees & a n9e 7,fifte5 twelve & a d\ble pair-royal7 #bd ,?ree fives1 a f\r1 & a six 7,fifte5 eight1 a pair-royal1 & run ( ?ree ?rice repeat$7 #bc ,?ree f\rs1 a five1 & a six ,?ree sixes1 a f\r1 & a five ,fifte5 six1 a ,?ree sev5s1 an eight1 & a pair-royal1 & n9e run ( ?ree ,?ree eights1 a sev51 & a ?rice repeat$ #ba n9e ,f\r twos & a n9e ,fifte5 eight & a d\ble ,f\r ?rees & a six pair-royal #bj ,two sixes1 two sev5s1 & an eight ,fifte5 f\r1 two ,two sev5s1 an eight1 & two pairs1 & run n9es ( ?ree f\r ,two eights1 a sev51 & two times repeat$ #bj n9es ,?ree t5s1 or c\rt c>ds ( l d5om9ation1 & two ,fifte5 twelve1 fives pair-royal1 & ,?ree ?rees & two n9es pair #bj ,?ree sev5s & two aces ,?ree ?rees & two sixes#ag 7,fifte5 t51 pair1 & pair-royal7 #ah ,?ree f\rs1 ?ree1 & five 7,fifte5 two1 pair-royal1 & run ( ?ree ?rice repeat$7 #ag ,?ree t5? c>ds 9 sequ5ce & two fives 7,fifte5 twelve1 pair1 & run ( ?ree7#ah #aa ,any ?ree c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 ) duplicates ( two ( !m1 b no fifte5 7,two pairs & run ( ?ree f\r times repeat$7 #af ,any ?ree c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 ) "o ( !m ?rice repeat$1 b no fifte5 7,pair-royal & run ( ?ree ?rice repeat$7 #ae ,z = comb9ations ( m9or value1 _! "n is legion4 #db ,) f\r c>ds only1 ! g5]al av]age is v mu* l[]1 z w h be5 se5 f ! table on p4 #ci4 ,a comp>ison ( ! =ego+ tables %[ t ! crib at five-c>d ,cribbage is likely to be mu* m important ?an ! h&1 & ?is furni%es u ) a safe pr9ciple = ! guidance ( ! play] 9 lay+ out4 ,9 ! case ( ! deal]1 he %\ld lay out = crib su* c>ds z are mo/ likely to =m valuable comb9ations1 ev5 ?\gh he may1 to "s ext5t1 sacrifice ! scor+ value ( 8 h&4 ,conv]sely1 x is to ! int]e/ ( ! non-deal] to lay out su* c>ds z are likely to baulk ! crib1 z x is t]m$1 ev5 ?\gh he may to "s ext5t injure 8 own h& 9 do+ s4 ,on close exam9ation ( ! tables1 x w be f\nd t ! c>ds mo/ likely to help ! crib are pairs4 ,if ! o!r ?ree c>ds *ance to be 9 sequ5ce1 !y are wor?1 /&+ alone1 ?ree only1 b ! addition ( duplicates ( ei!r ( ! s]ies w br+ _! value 7= runs & pair-royal7 up to fifte51 indep5d5tly ( any o!r po9ts !y may conta94 ,or suppose1 ) six z />t1 t ! deal] has ?r[n out a f\r & a five1 ^! are wor? five only2 b if ! non-deal] _h be5 ra% en\gh to ?r[ out a pair1 ei!r ( f\rs or sixes1 ! score w\ld run up to tw5ty-"o4 ,if ! non-deal] _h ?r[n out a pair ( fives1 x w\ld h be5 tw5ty-?ree4 ,next to a pair1 two c>ds =m+ a fifte51 or two c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 are mo/ likely to help ! crib1 & %\ld !re=e be pref]r$ by ! deal]1 & es*ew$ by ! non-deal]--! m s1 if !y *ance to answ] bo? conditions--e4g4 a sev5 #dc & eight4 ,next to c>ds 9 sequ5ce come c>ds only "o or two po9ts ap>t1 z ! c>ds ( ! opposite play] may fill up ! gap1 & conv]t !m into sequ5ce c>ds4 ,( s+le c>ds1 a five is ! mo/ likely to score1 inasmu* z !re are sixte5 t5? c>ds to f\r ( any o!r d5om9ation1 & ! *ances ( its =m+ "p ( "o or m fifte5s are !re=e consid]able4 ,! c>ds :i* are lea/ likely to make = crib are k+ & ace1 inasmu* z no?+ save que51 knave c conv]t a k+ into a sequ5ce c>d1 & no?+ save a two & ?ree c conv]t ! ace into a sequ5ce c>d4 ,! be/ c>ds = ! non-deal] to ?r[ out are !re=e a k+ or ace1 & "s second c>d s f> remov$ f ! fir/ t ! two _c =m "p ( ! same sequ5ce4 ,k+ or que51 ) n9e1 eight1 sev51 six1 or ace1 are good baulk+ c>ds2 likewise two or ace1 ) sev51 eight1 n9e1 or t54 ,! non-deal] %\ld nev] ?r[ out a knave if he c help x1 z ! />t may cause x to score a po9t = nob4 ,9 l mann]1 ! non-deal] %\ld avoid lay+ out two c>ds ( ! same suit1 z he !reby runs ! risk ( a flu% 9 crib4 ,9 ! play ( ! h& ! guid+ pr9ciple %\ld be to give to ! adv]s>y ! fewe/ possible opportunities ( scor+4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 x w be se5 t ! be/ c>d to lead at ! outset is an ace1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r1 z ! second play] _c make fifte51 & ! *ance ( do+ s w rev]t to ! fir/ play]4 ,a five1 on ! o!r h&1 is a v bad lead1 inasmu* z1 f ! great] numb] ( t5? c>ds 9 ! pack1 x gives ! second play] ! be/ possible opportunity ( mak+ fifte54 ,if ! lead] holds duplicates ( #dd ace1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r1 "o ( !m is a v good lead2 = if ! second play] %\ld pair1 ! lead] w h ! opportunity ( mak+ a pair-royal4 ,fail+ pairs1 if ! lead] hold two c>ds :i* toge!r make five1 i4e4 two & ?ree1 or ace & f\r1 x is good to play "o ( !m1 :51 if ! adv]s>y play a t5? c>d1 ! lead] w be enabl$ to make fifte54 ,likewise1 if ! lead] hold a six & a ?ree1 a f\r & a sev51 or a ?ree & a n9e1 ! fir/ c>d ( ! c\ple is a safe lead1 = if x is pair$1 ! second w make fifte54 ,on ! o!r h&1 %\ld ! second play] play a t5? c>d to ! lead1 ! fir/ play] may pair x ) p]fect safety1 = no pair-royal c be made )\t ov]pass+ ! limit1 ?irty-"o4 ,z reg>ds ! second play]1 he w g5]ally d well to make fifte5 if he c4 ,if a l[ c>d1 i4e4 a f\r or less1 has be5 l$1 he has no *oice1 9 ! majority ( cases1 b to leave ! fifte5 to 8 adv]s>y2 b he %\ld c>efully avoid play+ su* a c>d z w enable ! adv]s>y to score n m]ely ! fifte51 b a pair or sequ5ce 9 addition4 ,on a f\r l$1 = in/ance1 x w\ld be v unwise to play ei!r a six or a five1 z 9 su* cases respectively1 a five or six play$ by ! fir/ play] w\ld give him bo? fifte5 & a sequ5ce4 ,on a ?ree x w\ld be equally wrong to play a six2 on a sev5 a f\r2 on a n9e a ?ree1 or on an ace a sev52 = a l c>d play$ by ! fir/ play] w\ld give him bo? fifte5 & a pair4 ,aga91 x is 9 g5]al unwise = second play] to play a close c>d 7i4e4 next or next b "o to ! lead71 z he !reby gives ! adv]s>y ! *ance ( a run4 ,if he is 9 a position to cont9ue ! run1 he may ( c\rse play #de a close c>d ) impunity4 ,! po9ts ( five & tw5ty-"o are to be avoid$1 z a t5? c>d play$ by ! adv]s>y w 9 su* case make him fifte5 or ?irty-"o4 ,simil>ly1 x is bad play to make f\rte5 or ?irty 7i4e4 "o %ort ( fifte5 or ?irty-"o7 ) an ace2 to make ?irte5 or tw5ty-n9e 7two %ort7 ) a two2 twelve or tw5ty-eight ) a ?ree2 elev5 or tw5ty-sev5 ) a f\r2 z 9 ei!r ( su* cases1 %\ld ! adv]s>y be able to pair1 he w !reby score f\r holes4 ,! only exception is :]e ! play] *ances to hold two deuces or aces1 9 :i* case x w be wor? :ile to make tw5ty-n9e or ?irty respectively ) "o ( su* c>ds1 on ! *ance ( ! oppon5t hold+ no deuce or ace1 9 :i* case ! fir/ play] w himself ga9 ! advantage ( ! d\ble score4 ,"s discretion is ne$ful 9 pair+ ! c>d fir/ l$1 z ! fir/ play] may be aim+ at a pair-royal1 & ! tempor>y ga9 ( two po9ts may be c\nt]-balanc$ by six to ! adv]s>y4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ! play] holds two ( ! c>d l$1 x may be pair$ )\t hesitation4 ,! *ances are mu* aga9/ ! deal]'s be+ 9 a position to make a pair-royal1 & if he %\ld1 x c be capp$ 7unless ! c>d be ov] sev57 by ! d\ble pair-royal ( ! la/ play]4 ,a fur!r po9t to be consid]$1 9 decid+ :e!r to make a pair or sequ5ce1 is ! /ate ( ! score4 ,x is calculat$ t ! non-deal]1 at five-c>d cribbage1 %\ld make1 on an av]age1 six 9 h& & play2 ! deal] elev51 or a %ade m1 9 h&1 play1 & crib4 ,:5 ea* has dealt once1 !y %\ld /& abrea/ at sev5te5 #df to eighte51 & s on ?r\gh\t ! game4 ,! play] :o has ma9ta9$ ?is av]age is said to be home1 & a play] :o is 9 ?is condition at an advanc$ /ate ( ! game1 %\ld run z few risks z possible2 %\ld avoid pair+1 play wide c>ds to avoid sequ5ces1 & s on4 ,?is is kn[n z play+ (f4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he is beh9d 8 prop] position1 8 *ance ( w9n+ w dep5d1 9 a great degree1 on 8 mak+ m ?an ! av]age numb] ( po9ts 9 play4 ,9 su* case1 he %\ld embrace e opportunity ( mak+ a fifte51 a pair1 or a sequ5ce1 ev5 at ! risk ( giv+ opportunities to ! enemy4 ,?is is kn[n z play+ on4 ,z !re are sixte5 t5? c>ds 9 ! pack1 & t5 out ( fifty-two are dealt1 ! probabilities are 9 fav\r ( ! play]s hold+ orig9ally ?ree betwe5 !m1 & ?is probability %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 z ! s do+ w (t5 help ! play] to a ?irty-"o4 ,suppose t ! lead] />ts ) que51 & t ! o!r play] has no t5? c>d1 b has a sev5 & a f\r1 an eight & a ?ree1 or a n9e & a two4 ,9 su* case x is good policy to play ! sev51 eight1 or n9e4 ,if ! fir/ play] aga9 plays a t5? c>d1 ! second w be enabl$1 ) 8 small c>d1 to score ?irty-"o4 ,if ! second play] h no t5? c>d 9 8 own h&1 ! probability ( 8 oppon5t hold+ m ?an "o is proportionately increas$4 ,x may be useful to illu/rate ^! elem5t>y pr9ciples by ! play ( a c\ple ( imag9>y h&s4 ,let u suppose t ,a 7eld] h&7 has ! que5 & six ( he>ts1 n9e ( clubs1 eight ( diamonds & sev5 ( spades4 ,& ,b 7deal]7 ! #dg ace & t5 ( he>ts1 t5 ( clubs1 five ( spades1 & f\r ( diamonds4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,a has f\r c>ds1 six1 sev51 eight1 n9e1 9 sequ5ce1 ( :i* ei!r ! six & n9e or ! sev5 & eight w =m a fifte54 ,8 fif? c>d1 ! que51 does n & _c score ) ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,obvi\sly ! que5 %\ld =m "o c>d ( 8 lay-out4 ,( ! f\r rema9+1 he w naturally keep ?ree 9 sequ5ce4 ,:i* %all he ?r[ out1 ! six or ! n9e8 ,! six 9 "o respect is pref]able1 inasmu* z x _c be br\ght into sequ5ce ) ! que51 :]eas ! n9e might possibly be s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! six is ( ! same suit z ! que51 & might help t[>ds a flu%4 ,he decides1 !re=e1 to ?r[ out que51 n9e1 reta9+ ! six1 sev51 & eight4 ,b's prop] c\rse is cle>ly to ?r[ out ! ace ( he>ts & f\r ( diamonds1 reta9+ ! two t5s & ! five1 :i* are good = six po9ts1 viz4 fifte5 f\r & a pair1 & ) a five or t5 />t w\ld be wor? twelve4 ,on ! o!r h&1 %\ld !re be "o or m t5? c>ds 9 ! crib1 ! f\r & ace w give !m a scor+ value4 ,! c>ds are cut1 & ,b turns up ! que5 ( clubs4 ,a leads ! sev5 ( spades1 say+1 sev54 ,?is is 8 be/ lead4 ,if ,b %\ld play an eight1 mak+ fifte51 ,a w be enabl$ to cont9ue ) ! six1 & s score a run ( ?ree4#ai ,b ,b _c make a fifte51 & x is !re=e 8 be/ policy to #dh g beyond t po9t4 ,he plays ! t5 ( he>ts1 say+1 ,sev5te51 or m %ortly1 '-te54 ,a has no c>d :i* w score1 & he !re=e plays 8 highe/1 z ! ne>] he gets to ?irty-"o ! few] *ances does he leave 8 oppon5t ( gett+ clos] to t numb]4 ,he plays ! eight ( diamonds1 say+1 ,tw5ty-five4 ,b plays ! five ( spades--,?irty4 ,g1 says ,a4 ,b scores "o = la/ c>d1 & ! play ( ! h& is at an end4 ,! c>ds are turn$ up1 & ,a c\nts 8 h&4 ,! />t has left him no bett]4 ,he scores fifte5 two = ! sev5 & eight1 & ?ree po9ts = ! run--five 9 all4 ,b is r bett] (f4 ,) ! />t he has fifte5 six & a pair--eight 9 all4 ,9 crib ! />t has help$ him consid]ably4 ,)\t x he _h fifte5 two only--! ace & f\r comb9+ ) ! que5 ( he>ts2 ) ! />t he has six--fifte5 f\r & a pair4 ,! n9e is useless4 ,a hav+ tak5 8 ?ree po9ts z non-deal]1 ! score /&s eight to fifte54 ,x is n[ ,a's turn to deal1 & ! c>ds fall z foll[s3 ,b has k+ & eight ( he>ts1 sev5 ( spades1 eight ( diamonds & ?ree ( clubs4 ,& ,a 7deal]7 five & n9e ( diamonds1 ?ree ( spades1 t5 ( he>ts & six ( clubs4 ,b ?r[s out ! k+ ( he>ts & ?ree ( clubs2 ,a1 ! six ( clubs & n9e ( diamonds4 ,! c>ds are cut1 & ! six ( diamonds is turn$ up4 ,b leads ! eight ( he>ts4 ,?is is a safe lead1 =1 if ,a scores fifte51 ,b c pair him2 if ,a pairs1 ,b c make a pair-royal4 ,a1 n be+ able to d #di ei!r1 plays ! t5 ( he>ts1 mak+ eighte54 ,?is prev5ts all possibility ( ,b's mak+ fifte52 & %\ld ,b play a t5? c>d1 ,a's ?ree w make ?irty-"o4 ,!re is a possibility ( ,b's play+ a n9e1 & s mak+ ?ree = ! run1 b ?is risk mu/ be tak54 ,%\ld he d s1 ,a w 9 all probability score "o = la/ c>d2 b ,b1 hav+ only a sev5 & an eight1 plays ! latt]1 mak+ tw5ty-six4 ,?is is a %ade ! bett] c>d1 inasmu* z x br+s ! score "o po9t ne>] ?irty-"o4 ,z x happ5s1 ! *oice 0 un=tunate1 = ,a1 hav+ a five1 is able to make ?irty-"o exactly1 scor+ two po9ts accord+ly4 ,! c>ds are %[n3 ,b scores fifte5 f\r1 a pair1 & a run ( ?ree twice ov]--twelve 9 all4 ,a has 9 h& fifte5 two only2 b 9 crib he has fifte5 six & a pair1 mak+ eight 9 all4 ,! game n[ /&s--,a #bj1 ,b #bg4 ,bo? h made _! full av]age 9 ! two deals2 b ,b's sev5 po9ts ahead give him a decid$ advantage1 &1 on ! pr9ciple already expla9$ he w d well to play (f dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! h&4#bj ,,six-,,c>d ,,cribbage4 ,9 ?is =m ( ! game six c>ds are dealt to ea* play]4 ,two be+ laid out = crib1 f\r are /ill left 9 h&1 & ! scores accord+ly av]age v mu* high] ?an 9 ! five-c>d game4 ,! only mat]ial diff]5ce ( proc$ure is #ej t 9 ! six-c>d game ! scor+ ( ?ree extra po9ts by ! non-deal] is omitt$1 bo? play]s be+ consid]$ to />t on an equal foot+2 & secondly1 t ! c>ds1 in/ead ( be+ ?r[n d[n z soon z ?irty-"o or ! ne>e/ possible approa* to x1 is rea*$1 are play$ out to ! end4 ,! play] :o fail$ to score = ! g leads aga91 giv+ ! adv]s>y ! opportunity to make fifte51 or pair him if he c4 ,ea* plays alt]nately z be=e1 ! play] ( ! la/ c>d scor+ "o = s do+4 ,if !re is only "o c>d left aft] ! g1 ! lead] /ill scores x z la/ c>d4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples laid d[n z to five-c>d cribbage apply equally to ! six-c>d game1 save t 9 ! latt]1 z h& & crib consi/ ( ! same numb] ( c>ds1 ! non-deal] is no long] "u ! same compulsion to baulk ! crib1 ev5 to ! de/ruction ( 8 own h&4 ,! two objects--pres]v+ ! h& & baulk+ ! oppon5t's crib--are 9 ?is case on ! same level1 & ei!r may legitimately be pref]r$1 z ! nature ( ! h& may r5d] desirable4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! great] facility ( scor+1 x is cu/om>y to play six-c>d cribbage twice r\nd ! bo>d1 i4e4 to make ! game #aba po9ts4 ,,sev5-,,c>d ,,cribbage4 ,sev5-c>d cribbage is play$ 9 ! same mann] z ! six-c>d game1 save t sev5 c>ds are dealt to ea* play]1 two be+ ?r[n out = crib1 & five left 9 h&1 or1 ) ! />t1 six4 ,) su* a l>gely increas$ numb] ( possible comb9ations1 v high scores are frequ5t1 & = ?is reason x #ea is cu/om>y to make ! game ?ree times r\nd ! bo>d1 i4e4 #aha po9ts4 ,,?ree-,,h&$ ,,cribbage4 ,:5 ?ree p]sons play1 five c>ds are dealt to ea*1 "o c>d ( ea* h& be+ laid out = crib1 ) "o c>d f ! top ( ! pack to complete x4 ,! />t is !n cut = 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! play] to ! deal]'s left has fir/ lead & fir/ %[1 & deals 9 ! succe$+ h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,cribbage-bo>d = ,?ree-h&$ ,game4 ,! score is usually m>k$ on a triangul> bo>d1 op5 9 ! c5tre1 or ! ord9>y cribbage-bo>d may be furni%$ 7see illu/ration7 ) a supplem5t>y arm1 turn+ on a pivot1 & duly provid$ ) holes1 to keep ! score ( a ?ird play]4 ,,f\r-,,h&$ ,,cribbage4 ,:]e f\r p]sons engage 9 ! game1 two play z p>tn]s aga9/ ! o!r two1 ea* pair sitt+ fac+ ea* o!r4 ,p>tn]s & deal are cut =1 z at ,:i/1 ! two l[e/ play+ aga9/ ! two highe/1 & ! l[e/ deal+4 ,five c>ds are dealt to ea* play]1 & ea* puts out "o = ! crib1 :i* #eb belongs1 z 9 ! two-h&$ game1 to ! deal]4 ,! play] to ! deal]'s left has ! lead1 & ea* ( ! o!rs play to x 9 rotation4 ,no consultation is all[$ dur+ ! play1 b p>tn] may assi/ p>tn] 9 c\nt+ 8 h& or crib4 ,"o p>tn] scores = bo?4 ,! c>ds are play$ "r out1 z 9 ! six-c>d game4 ,! score is usually twice up & d[n ! bo>d1 i4e4 #aba po9ts4 99 99 99 99 99 #ec ,,ec>te4 ,! game ( ,ec>te is play$ ) :at is kn[n z ! ,piquet pack ( ?irty-two c>ds4 ,! relative value ( ! c>ds is ! same z at ,:i/1 ) "o exception1 viz4 t ! k+ is ! highe/ c>d1 ! ace rank+ betwe5 ! knave & ! t54 ,?us ! knave c take ! ace1 b ! ace c take ! t54 ,trumps1 z at ,:i/1 are ! mo/ p[]ful c>ds4 ,a sev5 ( trumps c take ! k+ ( ano!r suit4 ,,laws ,,( ,,ec>te4 ,! laws ( ,ec>te1 z accept$ by ! pr9cipal clubs 9 ,london & else:]e1 are z foll[s4 ,we "h quote !m z giv5 9 ,cav5di% on ,ec>te1#ba a /&>d au?ority on ! subject4 ,any read] :o desires to become a skilful play] _c d bett] ?an procure & /udy ?is "w4 ,! ,club ,code laws are-- #a4--;,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle bo? 8 own & 8 adv]s>y's pack4 ,! deal] has ! "r to %uffle la/4 #ed #b4--,! pack mu/ n be %uffl$ bel[ ! table1 nor 9 su* a mann] z to expose ! faces ( ! c>ds1 nor dur+ ! play ( ! h&4 #c4--;,a cut mu/ consi/ ( at lea/ two c>ds1 & at lea/ two mu/ be left 9 ! l[] packet4 #d4--;,a play] expos+ m ?an "o c>d :5 cutt+ = deal mu/ cut aga94 #e4--,! play] :o cuts ! highe/ ,ec>te c>d deals1 & has *oice ( c>ds & seats4 ,! *oice det]m9es bo? seats & c>ds dur+ ! play4 #f4--,! cut = deal holds good ev5 if ! pack be incorrect4 #g4--;,if 9 cutt+ to ! deal] a c>d be expos$1 !re mu/ be a fre% cut4 #h4--,! deal] mu/ give five c>ds to 8 adv]s>y & five to himself1 by two at a "t to ea*1 & !n by ?ree at a "t to ea*1 or vice v]sa4 ,! deal]1 hav+ select$ ! ord] 9 :i* he w di/ribute ! c>ds1 mu/ n *ange x dur+ t game2 nor may he *ange x at ! comm5cem5t ( any subsequ5t game1 unless he in=m ! non-deal] be=e ! pack is cut4 #i4--;,if ! deal] give m or less ?an five c>ds to 8 adv]s>y or to himself1 or d n adh]e to ! ord] ( di/ribution fir/ select$1 & ! error be discov]$ be=e ! trump c>d is turn$1 ! non-deal]1 be=e he looks at 8 h&1 may require ! deal] to rectify ! error1 or may claim a fre% deal4 #aj4--,! h&s hav+ be5 dealt1 ! deal] mu/ turn up = trumps ! top c>d ( ^? rema9+4 #aa4--;,if ! deal] turn up m ?an "o c>d1 ! non-deal]1 be=e he looks at 8 h&1 may #ee *oose :i* ( ! expos$ c>ds %all be ! trump1 or may claim a fre% deal4 ,%\ld ! non-deal] h look$ at 8 h&1 !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 #ab4--;,if1 be=e ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 a fac$ c>d be discov]$ 9 ! pack1 !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 #ac4--;,if ! deal] expose any ( 8 own c>ds ! deal /&s good4 ,if he expose any ( 8 adv]s>y's c>ds1 ! non-deal]1 be=e he looks at 8 h&1 may claim a fre% deal4 #ad4--;,if a play] deal out ( 8 turn1 or ) 8 adv]s>y's pack1 & ! error be discov]$ be=e ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 ! deal is void4 ,aft] ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 x is too late to rectify ! error1 & if ! adv]s>y's pack has be5 dealt )1 ! packs rema9 *ang$4 #ae4--;,if1 aft] ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 & be=e propos+1 or1 if !re is no proposal1 be=e play+1 x be discov]$ t ! non-deal] has m ?an five c>ds1 he may claim a fre% deal4 ,%\ld ! non-deal] n claim a fre% deal1 he disc>ds ! sup]flu\s c>ds1 & ! deal] is n entitl$ to see !m4 #af4--;,if1 aft] ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 & be=e propos+1 or1 if !re is no proposal1 be=e play+1 x be discov]$ t ! non-deal] has less ?an five c>ds1 he may h 8 h& complet$ f ! /ock1 or may claim a fre% deal4 #ag4--;,if1 aft] ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 & be=e ! deal] accepts or refuses1 or1 if !re is no proposal1 be=e he plays1 x be discov]$ t he has dealt himself m ?an five c>ds1 ! non-deal] may claim a fre% deal4 ,%\ld he n claim #ef a fre% deal1 he draws ! sup]flu\s c>ds f ! deal]'s h&4 ,%\ld ! deal] h tak5 up 8 h&1 ! non-deal] is entitl$ to look at ! c>ds he draws4 #ah4--;,if1 aft] ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 & be=e ! deal] accepts or refuses1 or1 if !re is no proposal1 be=e he plays1 x be discov]$ t ! deal] has less ?an five c>ds1 ! non-deal] may p]mit ! deal] to complete 8 h& f ! /ock1 or may claim a fre% deal4 #ai4--;,if a fre% deal be n claim$ :5 ! wrong numb] ( c>ds are dealt1 ! deal] _c m>k ! k+ turn$ up4 #bj4--;,if ! non-deal] play )\t tak+ c>ds1 & x be !n discov]$ t he has m or less ?an five c>ds1 !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 #ba4--;,if ! deal] play )\t tak+ c>ds1 & x be !n discov]$ t he has m or less ?an five c>ds1 8 adv]s>y may claim a fre% deal4 #bb4--;,if a k+ be turn$ up1 ! deal] is entitl$ to m>k x at any "t be=e ! trump c>d ( ! next deal is turn$ up4 #bc4--;,if ei!r play] hold ! k+ ( trumps1 he mu/ ann\nce x be=e play+ 8 fir/ c>d1 or he loses ! "r to m>k x4 ,x is n suffici5t to m>k ! k+ held 9 h& )\t ann\nc+ x4 #bd4--;,if ! k+ be ! c>d fir/ l$1 x may be ann\nc$ at any "t prior to its be+ play$ to4 ,if ! k+ be ! c>d fir/ play$ by ! deal]1 he may ann\nce x at any "t be=e he plays aga94 #be4--;,if a play]1 n hold+ ! k+1 ann\nce x1 & fail to decl>e 8 error be=e he has play$ a c>d1 ! adv]s>y may correct ! score1 & has #eg ! option ( requir+ ! h&s to be play$ ov] aga91 not)/&+ t he may h ab&on$ 8 h&4 ,if ! (f5d] w9 ! po9t he m>ks no?+2 if he w9 ! vole he m>ks only "o2 if he w9 ! po9t :5 8 adv]s>y has play$ )\t propos+1 or has refus$ ! fir/ proposal1 he m>ks only "o4 ,b if ! adv]s>y himself hold ! k+1 !re is no p5alty4 #bf4--;,if a play] propose1 he _c retract2 nor c he alt] ! numb] ( c>ds ask$ =4#bb #bg4--,! deal]1 hav+ accept$ or refus$1 _c retract4 ,! deal]1 if requir$1 mu/ in=m 8 adv]s>y h[ _m c>ds he has tak54 #bh4--;,ea* play]1 be=e tak+ c>ds1 mu/ put 8 disc>d face d[nw>d on ! table1 ap>t f ! /ock1 & f 8 adv]s>y's disc>d4 ,c>ds once disc>d$ mu/ n be look$ at4 #bi4--;,if ! non-deal] take m c>ds ?an he has disc>d$1 & mix any ( !m ) 8 h&1 ! deal] may claim a fre% deal4 ,if ! deal] elect to play ! h&1 he draws ! sup]flu\s c>ds f ! non-deal]'s h&4 ,%\ld ! non-deal] h tak5 up any ( ! c>ds giv5 him1 ! deal] is entitl$ to look at ! c>ds he draws4 #cj4--;,if ! non-deal] asks = less c>ds ?an he has disc>d$1 ! deal] c\nts z tricks all c>ds :i* _c be play$ to4 #ca4--;,if ! deal] give 8 adv]s>y m c>ds ?an he has ask$ =1 ! non-deal] may claim a fre% deal4 ,if ! non-deal] elect to play ! h&1 #eh he disc>ds ! sup]flu\s c>ds1 & ! deal] is n entitl$ to see !m4 #cb4--;,if ! deal] give 8 adv]s>y less c>ds ?an he has ask$ =1 ! non-deal] may claim a fre% deal4 ,if ! non-deal] elect to play ! h&1 he has x complet$ f ! /ock4 #cc4--;,if ! deal] give himself m c>ds ?an he has disc>d$1 & mix any ( !m ) 8 h&1 ! non-deal] may claim a fre% deal4 ,if ! non-deal] elect to play ! h&1 he draws ! sup]flu\s c>ds f ! deal]'s h&4 ,%\ld ! deal] h tak5 up any ( ! c>ds he has giv5 himself1 ! non-deal] is entitl$ to look at ! c>ds he draws4 #cd4--;,if ! deal] give himself less c>ds ?an he has disc>d$1 he may1 be=e play+1 complete 8 h& f ! /ock4 ,if ! deal] play ) less ?an five c>ds1 ! non-deal] c\nts z tricks all c>ds :i* _c be play$ to4 #ce4--;,if a fac$ c>d be f\nd 9 ! /ock aft] disc>d+1 bo? play]s h a "r to see x4 ,! fac$ c>d mu/ be ?r[n aside1 & ! next c>d giv5 in/ead4 #cf4--;,if1 9 giv+ c>ds1 any ( ! non-deal]'s are expos$1 he has ! option ( tak+ !m2 %\ld ! non-deal] refuse !m1 !y mu/ be ?r[n aside & ! next c>ds giv5 in/ead4 ,if ! deal] expose any ( 8 own c>ds1 he mu/ take !m4 #cg4--;,if1 aft] giv+ ! c>ds1 ! deal] turn up a c>d 9 error1 z ?\gh x 7 ! trump c>d1 he _c refuse ano!r disc>d4 ,if ano!r be dem&$1 ! non-deal] has ! option ( tak+ ! expos$ c>d4 #ei #ch4--;,if ! deal] accept :5 !re are n suffici5t c>ds left 9 ! /ock to enable ! play]s to ex*ange z _m c>ds z !y wi%1 ! non-deal] is entitl$ to ex*ange z _m z he ask$ =1 or1 if !re are n en\gh1 z _m z !re are left1 & ! deal] mu/ play 8 h&2 ! deal] is at lib]ty to accept1 conditionally1 on !re be+ c>ds en\gh 9 ! /ock4 #ci4--;,a c>d l$ 9 turn _c be tak5 up aga94 ,a c>d play$ to a lead may be tak5 up aga9 to save a revoke or to correct ! error ( n w9n+ a trick :5 able1 & !n only prior to ano!r c>d be+ l$4 #dj4--;,if a c>d be l$ out ( turn1 x may be tak5 up aga91 prior to its be+ play$ to2 aft] x has be5 play$ to1 ! error _c be rectifi$4 #da4--;,if ! lead] "n "o suit & play ano!r1 ! adv]s>y may play to ! c>d l$1 or may require ! lead] to play ! suit nam$4 ,if ! lead] h none ( ! suit nam$1 ! c>d l$ _c be )drawn4 #db4--;,if a play] ab&on 8 h& :5 he has n made a trick1 8 adv]s>y is entitl$ to m>k ! vole4 ,if a play] ab&on 8 h& aft] he has made "o or two tricks1 8 adv]s>y is entitl$ to m>k ! po9t4 ,b if a play] ?r[ d[n 8 c>ds1 claim+ to score1 ! h& is n ab&on$1 & !re is no p5alty4 #dc4--;,if a play] r5\nce :5 he holds a c>d ( ! suit l$1 or if a play] fail to w9 ! trick :5 able1 8 adv]s>y has ! option ( requir+ ! h&s to be play$ aga91 not)/&+ t he may h ab&on$ 8 h&4 ,if ! (f5d] w9 ! po9t he m>ks no?+2 if he w9 ! vole1 #fj he m>ks only "o2 if he w9 ! po9t :5 8 adv]s>y has play$ )\t propos+1 or has refus$ ! fir/ proposal1 he m>ks only "o4 ,%\ld ! c>d play$ 9 error be tak5 up aga9 prior to ano!r c>d be+ l$ 7z provid$ by ,law #ci71 !re is no p5alty4 #dd4--;,a play] may call = new c>ds at 8 own exp5se1 at any "t be=e ! pack is cut = ! next deal4 ,he mu/ call = two new packs1 ( :i* ! deal] has *oice4 #de4--;,if a pack be discov]$ to be incorrect1 r$undant1 or imp]fect1 ! deal 9 :i* ! discov]y is made is void2 all prec$+ deals /& good4 #df4--,! game is five up4 ,by agreem5t1 ! game may c\nt a treble if ! adv]s>y has n scor$2 a d\ble if he has scor$ "o or two2 a s+le if he has scor$ ?ree or f\r4 #dg4--;,a play] turn+ up a k+1 or hold+ ! k+ ( trumps 9 8 h&1 is entitl$ to m>k "o4 #dh4--;,a play] w9n+ ! po9t is entitl$ to m>k "o2 a play] w9n+ ! vole is entitl$ to m>k two4 #di4--;,if ! non-deal] play )\t propos+1 & fail to w9 ! po9t1 8 adv]s>y is entitl$ to m>k two4 ,if ! deal] refuse ! fir/ proposal1 & fail to w9 ! po9t1 ! non-deal] is entitl$ to m>k two4 ,^! scores apply only to ! fir/ proposal or refusal 9 a h&1 & only to ! po9t1 ! score = ! vole be+ unaffect$4 #ej4--;,if a play] omit to m>k 8 score1 he may rectify ! omission at any "t be=e ! trump c>d ( ! next deal is turn$ up4 #fa #ea4--;,an admitt$ ov]score c be tak5 d[n at any "t dur+ ! game4#bc ,! foll[+ ,fr5* t]ms are commonly us$ at ,ec>te3 ,,at\t4 ,trump4--,,c\p]4 ,to cut4--,,donn]4 ,to deal4--,,ec>t4 ,! c>ds ?r[n aside4--,,=c]4 ,to play a sup]ior on an inf]ior c>d4--,,la ,,vole4 ,all five tricks made by ei!r play]4--,,le ,,po9t4 ,?ree out ( ! five made by ei!r play]4 ,,propos]4 ,ask+ = fre% c>ds4--,,r5onc]4 ,n to answ] ! suit l$4 ,we w n[ suppose1 by way ( illu/ration1 t ,a & ,y play a game ( ,ec>te4 ,two packs ( diff]5t col\r or patt]n1 say a r$ & a :ite pack1 are us$4 ,f ^! packs ! c>ds f two to six are extract$4 ,a & ,y cut = deal2 ,a cuts ! knave1 ,y ! ace4 ,a !re=e deals1 z knave is 9 ?is game high] ?an ace4 ,! c>ds hav+ be5 %uffl$1 ,a gives ! pack to ,y to be cut4 ,a !n deals ?ree c>ds to 8 adv]s>y1 ?ree to himself1 !n two to 8 adv]s>y & two to himself1 & turns up ! k+ ( spades4 ,i m>k ! k+1 says ,a 7see ,law #bb74 ,a does n look at 8 c>ds1 b waits to see :at 8 adv]s>y w d4 ,y looks at 8 h&1 & says1 ,i propose4 ,a looks at 8 h&1 & f9ds 9 x que51 knave1 ace ( spades1 ! ace ( diamonds1 & ! eight ( he>ts4 ,a has ! trick n[ to a #fb c]ta9ty1 & _c lose x by accept+1 ! l[ he>t be+ ! weak po9t 9 8 h&4 ,! h& ( ,y 0 t5 ( spades1 k+ ( he>ts1 t5 & sev5 ( diamonds1 & n9e ( clubs4 ,y takes ?ree c>ds2 ,a takes two4 ,y takes 9 ! k+ ( diamonds1 ! sev5 ( spades1 & ! sev5 ( he>ts2 ,a takes 9 ! n9e & eight ( spades1 & mu/ w9 ! vole4 ,y n[ deals1 & turns ! n9e ( clubs z trumps4 ,a looks at 8 h&1 & f9ds 9 x ! k+ & ace ( diamonds1 ! eight & sev5 ( he>ts1 & ! t5 ( spades4 ,a proposes4 ,y looks at 8 h&1 & f9ds k+1 que51 knave ( spades1 eight & sev5 ( clubs4 ,play1 says ,y1 & he w9s ! vole4 ,score3 ,y #b2 ,a #c4 ,) su* a h& z ,y held1 to accept ! proposal w\ld h be5 wrong1 ! *ances be+ 9 8 fav\r4 ,a n[ deals1 & turns knave ( diamonds4 ,y looks at 8 c>ds1 & f9ds !y consi/ ( que51 t5 ( diamonds1 t5 & eight ( clubs1 & eight ( he>ts4 ,he elects to play )\t propos+4 ,a's h& consi/s ( knave ( clubs1 ace1 knave1 t5 ( he>ts1 & eight ( diamonds4 ,y may n[ w9 or lose ! po9t1 accord+ to ! c>ds he leads4 ,if he l$ que51 !n t5 ( diamonds1 he w\ld lose ! po9t4 ,if he l$ t5 ( clubs1 he w\ld w9 ! po9t4 ,! read] %\ld place ! c>ds & play out ^! h&s4 ,we w suppose t ,y play$ correctly & won ! po9t2 ! game /&s at #c all4 ,x is n[ ,y's turn to deal4 ,we w suppose t he does s1 & w9s ! po9t2 ! game is !n1 ,y #d2 ,a #c4 #fc ,a n[ deals1 & turns ! n9e ( diamonds4 ,y's h& consi/s ( que51 knave ( diamonds1 k+1 que51 ace ( spades4 ,y elects to play4 ,a looks at 8 h&s1 & f9ds 9 x ! k+1 ace ( diamonds1 ! ace ( he>ts1 ! k+ ( clubs1 & ! eight ( spades4 ,y mu/ w9 ! game if he play correctly2 b1 be+ anxi\s to w9 m tricks ?an are necess>y1 he loses x by reckless play4 ,y leads k+ ( spades1 on :i* ,a plays eight ( spades1 )\t m>k+ ! k+4 ,a does ?is because ,y1 hav+ play$ )\t propos+1 w lose two if he lose ! po9t4 ,to m>k ! k+ w be useless1 if ,y w9 ! po9t2 h5ce ,a conceals f ,y ! fact ( 8 hold+ ! k+4 ,y plays incauti\sly1 & leads z 8 second lead que5 ( diamonds2 ,a w9s ) k+ ( diamonds1 & leads k+ ( clubs1 :i* ,y trumps1 & leads que5 ( spades1 :i* ,a trumps1 & leads ace ( he>ts1 :i* w9s ! game4 ,if ,y _h foll[$ 8 fir/ lead ) que5 ( spades1 he mu/ h won ! game2 b1 imag9+ t ,a c\ld n hold ! k+ because he did n m>k x1 he play$ feebly1 & lo/ ! game4 ,?is example w give "s idea ( ! play ( a h&1 & ( ! diff]5t results :i* foll[ ! correct & incorrect play ( ev5 five c>ds4 ,,jeux ,,de ,,regle4 ,great /ress is laid by sci5tific ,ec>te-play]s on :at are t]m$ ,jeux de regle1 t is1 h&s :i* ought to be play$ )\t propos+ or accept+4 ,:5 ! c>ds held by a play] are s #fd good t he _c fail to w9 ?ree tricks unless 8 adv]s>y hold two trumps1 x is ! rule to play )\t propos+4 ,x is easy1 by an exam9ation ( ! five c>ds1 to at once p]ceive h[ ! trick mu/ be won1 unless ! adv]s>y hold two trumps4 ,"h are a few examples3 ,k+1 que51 knave ( spades1 eight ( he>ts 7trumps71 eight ( diamonds4 ,lead k+ ( spades2 if n trump$1 foll[ ) que51 etc4 ,) ?ree trumps1 play )\t propos+4 ,likewise ) two trumps1 if ! o!r c>ds belong to "o suit1 or ) two c>ds ( "o suit1 "o ( :i* is ! k+ or que54 ,play if hold+ only "o trump1 provid$ ! o!r c>ds are f\r ( "o suit1 "o be+ a k+1 or ?ree c>ds ( "o suit1 "o be+ a k+ or que51 & ! fif? c>d be+ a k+ or que54 ,play ) no trump if ?ree que5s are held1 or f\r c\rt c>ds4 ,:5 play+ ^! h&s 7& !y apply ma9ly to ! lead]7 x is important to rememb] ! disadvantage t foll[s lead+ f a suit ( two :5 "o is a high1 ! o!r a mu* l[] c>d1 & ! advantage ( lead+ f a suit ( two :5 ^! are 9 sequ5ce4 ,take ! foll[+ h&s z examples3 ,a holds que5 ( clubs1 que5 ( diamonds1 que5 & eight ( he>ts1 & eight ( spades1 ! t5 ( spades be+ turn$ up z trump4 ,y holds k+ & n9e ( he>ts1 n9e & sev5 ( diamonds1 & n9e ( spades4 ,if ,a lead ! que5 ( he>ts1 he mu/ lose ! po9t1 no matt] h[ ,y plays4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he lead ei!r ( 8 s+le que5s1 he may w9 ! po9t1 if #fe ,y1 aft] w9n+ ! que5 ( clubs1 lead ! k+ ( he>ts4 ,aga91 ,a holds que51 t51 ( spades2 knave1 t51 ( he>ts2 t5 ( diamonds2 diamonds be+ trumps4 ,y holds knave1 sev51 ( spades2 sev5 ( he>ts2 & knave1 eight1 ( diamonds4 ,if ,a lead ! que5 ( spades1 he loses ! trick4 ,if he lead knave & !n t5 ( he>ts1 he w9s ! trick4 ,f ^! examples x w be evid5t t c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 or s+le c>ds1 are bett] z leads ?an "o high c>d1 & !n a small "o ( a two-c>d suit4 ,also x is desirable t ! adv]s>y %\ld be ! lead] :5 ! ?ird lead occurs4 ,:at is call$ be+ put to a c>d1 is1 if possible1 to be avoid$4 ,! foll[+ w s]ve z an example3 ,a holds k+1 knave1 t51 ( he>ts2 que5 ( diamonds1 & knave ( spades 7n9e ( clubs turn$ up74 ,a proposes1 & is refus$4 ,he may n[ conclude t ,y has two trumps at lea/4 ,a leads k+ ( he>ts1 :i* w9s2 !n knave1 :i* w9s4 ,if ,y holds ace ( he>ts1 ,a mu/ lose ! po9t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,y hold ei!r a diamond l[] ?an ! que51 or a spade l[] ?an ! knave1 ,a may w91 if he keep ! "r c>d2 if1 h[ev]1 ,a play a ?ird he>t1 & ?is is trump$1 & ,y play1 say1 que5 ( trumps1 ,a mu/ disc>d ei!r 8 que5 ( diamonds or 8 knave ( spades1 & he has no guide z to :i* to disc>d4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( play+ ! ?ird he>t he %\ld lead ei!r ! diamond or ! spade1 & ?us avoid be+ put to a c>d4 ,! deal] has ! option ( refus+ or accept+2 #ff be=e do+ ei!r1 he %\ld n only consid] well ! c>ds 9 8 h&1 b ! /ate ( ! score4 ,x is n unusual = a play] :o may hold ! trick = c]ta9ty to propose 9 ! hopes ( be+ refus$1 9 ord] t he may1 by w9n+ ! trick1 score two4 ,if ?is occurr$ at ! score ( ?ree1 ! results w\ld be fatal4 ,z a g5]al rule1 refuse if only two c>ds c be disc>d$4 ,a k+ or a trump %\ld n be disc>d$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,) ?ree trumps1 refuse1 unless ! k+ ( trumps is "o ( ! ?ree1 :5 !re is a great *ance t ! c>ds tak5 9 may enable ! vole to be won4 ,) only "o trump & "o k+1 no matt] :at ! o!r suits may be1 if n hav+ a c>d high] ?an a t51 accept4 ,b ) "o trump1 two que5s gu>d$1 or a k+ & que5 gu>d$1 refuse4 ,al?\gh 9 _m cases1 :]e x is ! rule to play1 x is two to "o 9 fav\r ( ! play] w9n+ ! po9t1 x mu/ n be imag9$ t he w always w94 ,he may w9 twice out ( ?ree times1 b x is possible = ! adv]s>y to hold exceptionally good c>ds1 & to w9 ! po9t aga9/ ! jeu de regle4 ,= example1 ,a holds que51 ace1 & sev5 ( he>ts 7trumps71 k+ ( spades1 k+ ( diamonds1 &1 ( c\rse1 plays )\t propos+4 ,y holds k+1 knave1 n9e1 & eight ( he>ts1 & n9e ( clubs1 & mu/ w9 ! po9t2 b = ,a to propose w\ld h be5 wrong1 8 h& be+ /rong en\gh to w9 f\r times out ( five4 ,:5 a play] proposes1 & is refus$1 he may =m an e/imate ( ! suit or suits out ( trumps 9 :i* 8 adv]s>y x likely to be /rong4 ,suppose #fg ,a1 ! non-deal]1 hold que51 knave ( spades1 ace ( he>ts1 sev5 ( clubs1 & knave ( diamonds 7trumps74 ,! probabilities are t ,y is /rong 9 he>ts & clubs1 or holds two trumps4 ,! que5 ( spades 9 ?is case %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be l$2 &1 if x w91 %\ld be foll[$ by ! knave4 ,! condition ( ! score ought to be consid]$ be=e propos+ or play+ )\t propos+4 ,if ! adv]s>y be at ! score ( ?ree1 x is dang]\s to play )\t propos+1 unless ! h& be v /rong4 ,if ! adv]s>y be at f\r1 x is bett] n to propose if ! non-deal]'s h& be fairly /rong1 unless ! k+ be held1 z !re is a *ance ( ! deal] draw+ ! k+1 & at once scor+ game4 ,! high c>ds :i* h be5 disc>d$ %\ld be rememb]$1 because l[] c>ds are !n ( great] value2 ?us1 if ! knave & ace ( he>ts h be5 disc>d$1 & ! k+ & t5 are drawn1 !re c be only "o c>d1 viz41 ! que5 ( he>ts1 :i* is bett] ?an ! t51 & 9 ?is suit ! t5 is equival5t to ! knave held orig9ally4 ,inexp]i5c$ play]s1 z a rule1 are too apt to propose1 & to cont9ue propos+ till ! pack is exhau/$4 ,z !re are eight trumps 9 ! pack1 a play] ga9s no advantage if he hold f\r ( ^!1 :5 8 adv]s>y also holds f\r4 ,8 h& looks bett] ?an if he held only two1 b :il/ he has furni%$ himself ) trumps1 8 adv]s>y has done likewise4 ,9 ord] to play ,ec>te well1 take a pack ( c>ds1 & deal out ! h&s aga9/ an imag9>y or dummy adv]s>y2 rememb] ^? h&s "u ! head+ ,jeux de regle1 & !n note h[ ! h& c be be/ play$ to secure ! po9t4 99 99 99 99 99 #fh ,,eu*re4 ,eu*re may be play$ ei!r z a two-1 ?ree- or f\r-h&$ game1 ! latt] be+ ! mo/ popul> =m4 ,= great] facility ( explanation1 h[ev]1 we w comm5ce ) ! two-h&$ game4 ,eu*re is play$ ) ! piquet pack ( ?irty-two c>ds1 consi/+ ( ! ace1 k+1 que51 knave1 t51 n9e1 eight & sev5 ( ea* suit4 ,! above is _! rank 9 play1 subject to ! qualification t ! knave ( ! trump suit = ! "t be+ is kn[n z ! ,"r ,b[]1 & takes tempor>y prec$5ce ( all o!r c>ds4 ,! knave ( ! opposite suit ( same col\r 7e4g4 ( diamonds :5 he>ts1 or ( spades :5 clubs are trumps7 is kn[n z ! ,left ,b[]1 & ranks next 9 value4 ,! ,left ,b[] is consid]$ = ! "t be+ to belong to ! trump suit1 s t if ?is c>d is l$1 ! trump suit1 & n its own1 mu/ be play$ to x4#bd #fi ,,two-,,h&$ ,,eu*re4 ,! play]s hav+ cut = deal1 five c>ds are dealt 7by twos & !n ?rees1 or vice v]sa1 at ! pleasure ( ! deal]7 to ea* play]4 ,! elev5? c>d is turn$ up by way ( trump4 ,if ! non-deal] ?9ks 8 h& good en\gh1 ) ! suit ( ! turn-up c>d z trumps1 to make ?ree tricks1 he says1 ref]r+ to t c>d1 ,i ord] x up4 ,?is fixes t suit z trumps4 ,! deal] disc>ds ! wor/ c>d ( 8 own h&1 plac+ x face d[nw>ds "u ! pack1 & ! turn-up c>d is !nce=? consid]$ to =m "p ( 8 h&4 ,he does n1 h[ev]1 actually take x into 8 h& until ! fir/ trick has be5 play$4 ,if ! non-deal] does n consid] 8 h& good = ?ree tricks1 or is ( op9ion t he w\ld be likely to ga9 by a *ange ( ! trump suit1 he says1 ,i pass1 & ! deal] exam9es 8 own c>ds f ! same po9t ( view4 ,if he ?9ks 8 h& is good en\gh ) ! subsi/+ trump suit to make ?ree tricks1 he says1 ,i take x up1 & proce$s to place1 z be=e1 "o c>d "u ! pack4 ,if he does n ?9k 8 h& safe = ?ree1 he says1 ,i turn x d[n1 & places ! turn-up c>d bel[ ! re/ ( ! pack4 ,?is annuls ! trump suit1 & ! non-deal] has n[ ! option ( say+ :at suit %all be trumps4 ,he consid]s :at w be/ suit 8 h&1 & says1 ,make x he>ts 7or o!rwise1 z ! case may be71 accord+ly4 ,if he decides to make x ( ! same col\r z ! previ\s turn-up c>d 7e4g4 spades 9 place ( clubs1 or he>ts 9 place ( diamonds71 he is said #gj to make x next4 ,if o!rwise1 to cross ! suit4 ,if1 ev5 ) ! privilege ( mak+ ! trump :at he pleases1 he d\bts 8 ability to w9 ?ree tricks1 he aga9 passes1 & ! deal] makes x :at be/ suits him4 ,if he too has su* a bad h& t he ?9ks x saf] to pass aga91 ! c>ds are ?r[n up1 & ! deal passes4 ,! trump suit hav+ be5 made by ! "o or ! o!r play]1 ! non-deal] leads a c>d1 & ! deal] plays to x1 ! two c>ds con/itut+ a trick4 ,! second play] mu/ foll[ suit if he c1 subject to ! qualification t 7z already /at$7 if ! ,left ,b[] be l$1 a trump mu/ be play$ to x4 ,! high] c>d w9s1 trumps ov]rid+ pla9 suits2 & ! w9n] ( ! trick leads to ! next4 ,! play] :o has ord]$ up1 tak5 up 7save 9 ob$i5ce to ord]71 or made ! trump1 !reby tacitly und]takes to w9 at lea/ ?ree tricks4 ,if he makes less ?an ?is numb]1 he is eu*r$1 & 8 oppon5t scores two4 ,if he makes ?ree tricks he w9s ! po9t1 & scores "o4 ,f\r tricks are no bett] ?an ?ree1 b if he make all five he w9s a m>*1 :i* scores two4 ,! non-*all5g+ play] is n "u any obligation to w91 b scores if 8 adv]s>y fail to d s4 ,five po9ts con/itute ,game4 ,,f\r-,,h&$ ,,eu*re4 ,:]e f\r play]s take "p1 two play 9 p>tn]%ip aga9/ ! o!r two1 p>tn]s fac+ ea* o!r1 z at ,:i/4 ,five c>ds hav+ be5 dealt to #ga ea*1 & ! tw5ty-fir/ turn$ up by way ( trump1 ! eld] h& 7i4e4 ! play] to ! left ( ! deal]7 decl>es :e!r he w ord] up ! trump c>d or pass4 ,9 ! latt] ev5t1 ! option passes to ! deal]'s p>tn]2 b he expresses x 9 a some:at diff]5t mann]1 inasmu* z he is deal+ ) a fri5d in/ead ( an enemy4 ,if he ?9ks 8 h& good = two or m tricks he says1 ,i assi/4 ,?is is consid]$ a call to 8 p>tn] 7! deal]7 to take up ! trump1 :i* he does accord+ly1 he himself hav+ no *oice 9 ! matt]4 ,if ! second play] passes1 ! option re/s ) ! ?ird play]1 :o ord]s x up or passes1 z 8 h& may w>rant4 ,9 ! latt] case ! deal] decides = himself :e!r to take x up or turn x d[n4 ,if ! trump has ei!r be5 ord]$ up or tak5 up volunt>ily by ! deal]1 ! play proce$s z 9 ! two-h&$ game4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! deal] turns x d[n1 ! play]s1 beg9n+ ) ! eld] h&1 are invit$ 9 succession to make x :at !y please2 ! *all5g+ p>ty 9 ei!r case be+ b\nd1 9 conjunction ) 8 p>tn]1 to make ?ree tricks1 "u p5alty ( be+ eu*r$4 ,a play] ) an unusually /rong h& may elect to g alone4 ,9 su* case 8 p>tn] turns 8 c>ds face d[nw>d on ! table1 & leaves ! lone h&1 z he is t]m$1 to play ! game s+ly aga9/ ! two oppon5ts4 ,if a play] go+ alone is lucky en\gh to w9 all five tricks1 he scores f\r 7in/ead ( ?ree7 = ! m>*2 b if he make ?ree or f\r tricks only1 he scores "o = ! po9t 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 #gb ,,?ree-,,h&$ ,,eu*re ,"h ea* plays = 8 own h&4 ,! value ( ! m>* & po9t are ! same z 9 ! two-h&$ or f\r-h&$ game1 b if ! *all5g+ play] is eu*r$1 ea* ( 8 adv]s>ies scores two po9ts4 ,if ?is %\ld c>ry !m bo? out1 ! eld] h& is ! w9n]4 ,to avoid ?is1 :i* is h>dly a satisfactory t]m9ation = ! y\ng] h&1 ano!r me?od ( scor+ is sometimes adopt$1 ! po9ts = ! eu*re be+ d$uct$ f ! score ( ! eu*r$ play]1 :o is set back accord+ly4 ,%\ld he h made no po9ts t[>ds game1 he is consid]$ to owe ! po9ts = ! eu*re2 s t a play]1 /&+ at love :5 eu*r$1 has sev5 po9ts to make be=e he c w94 ,,m>k+ ,,! ,,score4 ,! me?od ( scor+ at ,eu*re is some:at peculi>4 ,! score is usually kept by means ( sp>e play+ c>ds1 a ?ree & a f\r 7( any suit7 be+ us$ by ea* side4 ,! ?ree face upw>ds1 ) ! f\r turn$ d[n ^u x1 indicates "o 7h[ev] _m pips may *ance to be expos$74 ,! f\r face upw>ds1 ) ! ?ree turn$ d[n ^u x1 indicates two4 ,! face ( ! ?ree be+ upp]mo/ c\nts ?ree2 & ! face ( ! f\r be+ upp]mo/ c\nts f\r4 ,ano!r me?od ( keep+ ! score is by means ( a cross x *alk$ at ! outset ( ! game on ! table beside ea* play]4 ,"o is scor$ by rubb+ out ! c5tre ( ! cross1 leav+ ! f\r #gc arms /ill /&+1 & ^! 9 turn are rubb$ out1 "o = ea* po9t :i* ! play] becomes entitl$ to score4 ,! h9ts = play :i* foll[ are borr[$1 ) slight modification1 f ! ,am]ican ,hoyle4 ,!y ref] m especially to ! f\r-h&$ game4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,play4 ,,pass+ ,,& ,,ord]+ ,,up4 ,no prud5t play] w ord] up ! trump unless 8 h& is suffici5tly /rong to r5d] 8 *ances ( success beyond reasonable d\bt4 ,!re are cases1 h[ev]1 :5 !re w\ld be no imprud5ce 9 ord]+ up ^u a light h&4 ,= in/ance1 suppos+ ! game to /& f\r & f\r1 & ! eld] or ?ird h& to hold an ord9>ily good %[ ( c>ds 9 ! trump suit z turn$ up1 ) no?+ bett] 9 any o!r suit1 !n x w\ld be prop] to ord] up1 =1 %\ld ! trump be turn$ d[n1 y\r *ance ( success w\ld be lo/4 ,if y are eu*r$1 x does b give ! game to ^? :o w\ld w9 x anyh[ 9 "s o!r suit4 ,if ! play] is eld] h&1 & a suit %\ld be turn$ 9 :i* he receives bo? b[]s & ano!r l>ge trump1 & he has also two c>ds ( ! suit correspond+ 9 col\r1 x is 8 be/ policy to pass2 = ! obvi\s reason t if ! deal]'s p>tn] %\ld assi/1 he w\ld be enabl$ to eu*re ! oppos+ side1 &1 if ! trump 7 turn$ d[n1 8 h& w\ld be j z good 9 ! next suit4 ,hav+ 9 su* case ! fir/ opportunity ( mak+ ! trump1 he c\ld g alone1 ) e probability ( mak+ ! h& & scor+ f\r4 #gd ,eld] h& hold+ ! ,"r ,b[]1 ace or k+1 & ano!r small trump & a c>d ( ! same col\r z ! trump suit1 %\ld pass2 = if 8 adv]s>ies adopt ! trump1 he w1 9 all probability eu*re !m2 & if !y reject x1 he c make ! trump next 9 suit1 & ! *ances ( scor+ ! po9t are 9 8 fav\r4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! eld] h& %\ld n ord] up ! trump unless he has good comm&+ c>ds1 say ,"r ,b[]1 k+ & t5 ( trumps1 ) an ace ( a diff]5t suit1 or ,left ,b[]1 k+ & two small trumps4 ,! play] at ! "r ( ! deal] %\ld hold a v /rong h& to ord] up ! trump1 because 8 p>tn] has ev9c$ weakness by pass+2 & if ! oppos+ side turn d[n ! trump1 8 p>tn] w h ! advantage ( fir/ call to make a new trump4 ,,assi/+4 ,two c\rt c>ds usually =m a good assi/+ h&1 b :]e ! game is v close x is advisable to assi/1 ev5 ^u a light] h&4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! game /&s f\r & f\r1 ! fir/ h& w naturally ord] up if ! suit turn$ is ! be/ 9 8 h&4 ,! fact ( 8 hav+ pass$ is1 !re=e1 an evid5ce ( weakness4 ,:51 z deal]1 & assi/$ by y\r p>tn]1 y hold a c>d next 9 d5om9ation to ! c>d turn$ up 7:e!r high] or l[]71 play x z opportunity (f]s4 ,if1 = in/ance1 y turn up ! ace1 & hold ei!r ! ,left ,b[] or k+1 :5 a *ance occurs play ! ,b[] or k+1 & ?us in=m y\r p>tn] t y h ! ace rema9+4 ,! same policy %\ld be adopt$ :5 y\r p>tn] assi/s #ge & y h a sequ5ce ( ?ree trumps1 ! trump c>d be+ ! smalle/ ( ! ?ree4 ,9 su* a situation1 play ! highe/ c>d ( ! sequ5ce2 ?is w in=m y\r p>tn] t y hold ! rema9d] ( ! sequ5ce1 & enable him to %ape 8 play accord+ly4 ,z a g5]al rule1 always assi/ :5 y c w9 two tricks4 ,,tak+ ,,up ,,! ,,trump4 ,:at con/itutes suffici5t /r5g? to take up ! trump is a matt] ( consid]able importance to ! play]4 ,! object be+ to make a po9t1 !re mu/1 ( c\rse1 be a reasonable probability ( secur+ ?ree tricks1 b ! decision %\ld1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 dep5d ^u ! position ( ! game4 ,if ! deal] %\ld be ?ree or f\r t[>ds game1 :ile ! oppon5ts are "o or two1 ! trump might be turn$ d[n1 & ! *ances ( w9n+ ! game /ill be n mat]ially r$uc$2 b if ! position %\ld be rev]s$ ! deal] w\ld be w>rant$ 9 attempt+ ! haz>d ^u a light h&1 z ! prospects ( defeat w\ld be no great] ?an by adopt+ ! opposite alt]native4 ,x is g5]ally accept$ z s\nd t ?ree trumps1 back$ by an ace ( ano!r suit1 are suffici5t to attempt a po9t4 ,if ! game /&s f\r all1 x is bett] to take up ! trump on a small h& ?an to leave x = ! adv]s>ies to make4 ,) ! game ?ree all1 x is necess>y to be v cauti\s 9 adopt+ ! trump ) a weak h&1 because a eu*re puts ! oppon5ts out4 #gf ,,mak+ ,,! ,,trump4 ,%\ld ! deal] turn ! trump d[n1 ! elde/ h& has ! privilege ( mak+ x :at he pleases1 & ! rule to be g5]ally foll[$ is1 if possible1 to make x next 9 suit1 or ! same col\r z ! trump turn$4 ,! reason = ?is is evid5t4 ,if ! trump turn$ %\ld be a diamond1 & ! deal] refuse to take x up1 x is a fair inf]5ce t nei!r ( ! b[]s is 9 ! h&s ( y\r oppon5ts2 = if ! deal]'s p>tn] _h held "o ( !m1 he w\ld 9 all probability h assi/$2 & ! fact ( ! deal] turn+ d[n ! trump also raises ! presumption t he _h nei!r ( !m4 ,!n1 9 ! abs5ce ( ei!r b[]1 an o!rwise weak h& c\ld make ! po9t 9 ! same col\r4 ,= rev]se reasons1 ! p>tn] ( ! deal] w\ld cross ! suit1 & make x clubs or spades2 =1 8 p>tn] hav+ evid5c$ weakness 9 ! r$ suits1 by turn+ a r$ c>d d[n1 x w\ld be b fair to presume t 8 /r5g? 0 9 ! black suits4 ,be c>eful h[ y make ! trump :5 y\r adv]s>ies h scor$ ?ree po9ts1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 d n make or ord] up a trump unless y are eld] h& or ! deal]'s p>tn]4 ,,! ,,bridge4 ,if "o side has scor$ f\r1 & ! o!r side only "o1 su* position is kn[n z ! bridge1 & ! foll[+ rule %\ld be obs]v$3 ,to make ! !ory p]fectly pla91 we w suppose ,a & ,b to be play+ aga9/ ,c & ,d1 ! =m] hav+ scor$ f\r1 & ! latt] b "o4 #gg ,c hav+ dealt1 ,b looks at 8 h&1 & f9ds he has b "o or two small trumps2 9 o!r words1 a light h&4 ,at ?is /age ( ! game1 x w\ld be 8 policy to ord] up ! trump1 & submit to be+ eu*r$1 9 ord] to remove ! possibility ( ,c or ,d play+ alone2 = if !y %\ld by good =tune happ5 to succe$1 ! score ( f\r w\ld give !m ! game4 ,if ,b 7 to ord] up ! trump1 ! mo/ t c\ld be done by ! adv]s>ies w\ld be to get ! eu*re1 &1 t giv+ b a score ( two1 ! new deal1 ) its p]c5tage1 w\ld 9 all probability give ,a & ,b en\gh to make _! rema9+ po9t & g out4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,b has en\gh to prev5t a lone h&1 he %\ld pass1 & await ! result4 ,! ,"r ,b[]1 or ! ,left ,b[] gu>d$1 is suffici5t to block a lone h&4 ,! eld] h& is ! only "o :o %\ld ord] up at ! bridge1 = if he passes1 8 p>tn] may re/ assur$ t he holds c>ds suffici5t to prev5t ! adv]s>ies mak+ a lone h&4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! eld] h& passes1 & 8 p>tn] is tol]ably /rong 9 trumps1 ! latt] may !n ord] up ! trump to make a po9t & g out2 =1 by ! elde/ h& pass+1 8 p>tn] is in=m$ t he holds "o or m comm&+ trumps1 & may !re=e safely play = ! po9t & game4 ,! eld] h& %\ld always ord] up at ! bridge :5 n sure ( a trick2 ! weak] 8 h&1 ! great] ! necessity = do+ s4 ,,play+ ,,alone4 ,if y\r p>tn] ann\nce t he w play alone1 y _c sup]s$e him & play alone y\rself1 b mu/ place y\r c>ds ^u ! table face #gh d[nw>ds1 no matt] h[ /rong y\r h& may be4#be ,9 ord] to avail y\rself ( ! privilege ( play+ alone1 x is necess>y to decl>e y\r int5tion ( s do+ di/9ctly1 & 9 pla9 t]ms ?us1 ,i play alone2 if y fail to d ?is1 & ! adv]se side makes a lead1 y =feit all claim to ! privilege4 ,y mu/ also make ! ann\ncem5t 9 good "t2 if y neglect to d s1 & ! adv]se side make a lead1 or if y y\rself lead be=e decl>+ y\r int5tion ( play+ alone1 y lose ! "r1 & y\r oppon5ts may compel y to play ) y\r p>tn]4 ,9 play+ a lone h&1 x is a great advantage to h ! lead4 ,! next be/ ?+ is to h ! la/ play on ! fir/ trick4 ,! eld] h& or ! deal] may1 !re=e1 v5ture to play alone on a weak] h& ?an ei!r ( ! o!r play]s4 ,:5 y\r oppon5t is play+ alone1 & trumps a suit l$ by y\rself or y\r p>tn]1 take e opportunity to ?r[ away c>ds ( t suit ^u 8 subsequ5t leads4 ,:51 oppos+ a lone h&1 y f9d t y\r p>tn] ?r[s away high c>ds ( any p>ticul> suit1 y may be sure t he holds high c>ds 9 "s o!r suit2 y %\ld1 !re=e1 reta9 to ! la/ y\r highe/ c>d ( ! suit he ?r[s 9 pref]5ce to any o!r c>d1 %ort ( an ace4 #gi ,,disc>d+4 ,:5 ! deal] takes up ! trumps be=e ! play beg9s1 x is 8 duty to disc>d or reject a c>d f 8 h& 9 lieu ( ! "o tak5 up4 ,we w suppose t ! t5 ( he>ts has be5 turn$ up1 & ! deal] holds ! k+ & ,"r ,b[]1 ) ! ace & n9e ( clubs1 & k+ ( diamonds4 ,! prop] c>d to reject w\ld be ! k+ ( diamonds4 ,!re w\ld be no absolute c]ta9ty ( its tak+ a trick1 = ! ace might be held by ! oppon5ts2 :]eas1 reta9+ ! ace & n9e ( clubs1 ! :ole suit ( clubs might be exhau/$ by ! ace1 & !n ! n9e might be good4 ,if ! trump 7 "o ( ! r$ suits1 & ! deal] held ?ree trumps1 sev5 ( spades & sev5 ( he>ts1 x w\ld be bett] = him to disc>d ! spade ?an ! he>t2 =1 z ! deal]'s /r5g? is 9 ! r$ suit1 ! probabilities are t ! o!r side w be correspond+ly weak1 & ! he>t w\ld !re=e be bett] ?an ! spade4 ,:]e y h two ( "o suit & "o ( ano!r to disc>d f1 always disc>d ! suit 9 :i* y h "o only1 = !n y may h an opportunity to trump4 ,,lead+4 ,:]e ! deal] has be5 assi/$1 x is a common practice to lead ?r\gh ! assi/+ h&1 & frequ5tly results fav\rably2 = 9 ! ev5t ( ! deal] hav+ b ! "o trump turn$1 a s+le lead ( trumps exhau/s 8 /r5g?1 & places him at ! m]cy ( a /rong pla9 suit4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 #hj always advisable to lead a trump2 =1 if ! eld] h& hold a t5ace1 8 duty is to manoeuvre s z to secure two tricks2 b ?is is an exceptional case4 ,! prop] lead mu/ be det]m9$ by ! quality ( ! h&1 & ! purpose to be accompli%$4 ,! eld] h&1 hold+ two aces & a k+1 ) two small trumps1 w\ld1 ( c\rse1 lead trump ?r\gh ! assi/+ h&2 = ! only hope ( secur+ a eu*re w\ld be dep5d5t ^u ! success ( ! non-trump suits1 & !y c only be made available aft] trumps h be5 exhau/$4 ,:]e ! deal] takes up ! trump volunt>ily1 ! eld] h& is1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! def5sive1 & to lead a trump "u su* circum/ances w\ld be disa/r\s4 ,%\ld y\r p>tn] h turn$ up ! ,"r ,b[]1 lead a small trump z soon z y c2 by s do+ y w be sure to weak5 y\r adv]s>y's h&4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] makes ! trump1 or ord]s x up1 lead him ! be/ trump y hold4 ,:5 y hold ! comm&+ c>ds1 !y %\ld be l$ to make ! m>*2 b if y are only /rong en\gh to secure y\r po9t1 c>ds ( o!r suits %\ld be us$4 ,:5 oppos$ to a lone h&1 always lead ! be/ c>d y h ( ano!r suit1 s t ! possibility ( y\r p>tn]'s reta9+ a c>d ( ! same suit ) y\rself may be av]t$4 ,if ! c>d y lead is ( an opposite col\r f ! trump1 s mu* ! bett]2 = if a r$ c>d %\ld be trump1 & an oppon5t plays alone1 ! *ances are aga9/ 8 hold+ five r$ c>ds4 ,besides1 if ! lone play] did hold five r$ c>ds1 x w\ld1 9 l #ha proportion1 r$uce ! probability ( y\r p>tn] hav+ "o ( ! same suit1 & give him an opportunity to weak5 ! oppos+ play] by trump+4 ,! exception to ! above rule is :5 y hold two or ?ree c>ds ( a suit1 includ+ ace & k+1 & two small c>ds 9 o!r suits2 9 ?is case y\r be/ play w\ld be to lead "o ( ! latt]1 & save y\r /rong suit1 = y\r p>tn] may hold comm&+ c>ds 9 y\r weak suits1 & y ?us give him a *ance to make a trick ) !m1 & if ?is does n occur1 y h y\r own /rong suit z a res]ve1 & may secure a trick ) x4 ,:5 play+ to make a lone h&1 always lead y\r comm&+ trump c>ds fir/1 res]v+ y\r small trumps & o!r suit = ! clos+ leads4 ,:5 y h exhau/$ y\r comm&+ trumps1 hav+ secur$ two tricks1 & reta9+ 9 y\r h& a small trump & two c>ds ( ano!r suit1 lead ! highe/ ( ! non-trump suit to make ! ?ird trick1 !n y\r trump4 ,= in/ance1 suppose t he>ts are trumps1 & y hold ! ,"r & ,left ,b[]s & t5 ( trumps1 & ace & n9e ( spades2 lead y\r b[]s1 !n ! ace ( spades1 foll[+ ) ! t5 ( trumps & n9e ( spades4 ,! reason = play+ ?us is obvi\s4 ,y may n exhau/ y\r adv]s>ies' trumps by ! fir/ two leads1 & if ei!r ( !m *anc$ to reta9 a trump-c>d sup]ior to y\r t51 by lead+ ! latt] y w\ld1 9 all probability1 be eu*r$ on a lone h&4 ,hold+ ?ree small trumps & good pla9 c>ds1 & desir+ to eu*re y\r oppon5ts1 lead a trump1 = :5 trumps are exhau/$ y may possibly make y\r comm&+ pla9 suit c>ds4 #hb ,:5 y make ! trump next 9 suit1 always lead a trump1 unless y hold ! t5ace ( ,"r ,b[] & ace1 & ev5 !n x w\ld be good policy to lead ! b[]1 if y hold /rong pla9-suit c>ds4 ,:5 y hold two trumps1 two pla9 c>ds ( ! same suit1 & a s+le pla9 c>d ( ano!r suit1 lead "o ( ! two pla9 c>ds1 = y may w9 a trick by trump+ ! suit ( :i* y hold none1 & !n1 by lead+ y\r second pla9 c>d1 y may =ce y\r oppon5ts to trump1 & ?us weak5 !m4 ,) su* a h& x w\ld n be good play to lead ! s+le pla9 c>d1 = y might h ! good =tune to ?r[ x away on y\r p>tn]'s trick1 & ruff ! same suit :5 l$ by y\r oppon5ts4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] has made or adopt$ ! trump1 x is bad play to w9 ! lead1 unless y possess a h& suffici5tly /rong to play = a m>*4 ,if y\r p>tn] assi/ y1 & has play$ a trump1 & y h won a trick & ! lead1 d n lead him a trump unless y hold comm&+ c>ds1 & are pretty c]ta9 ( mak+ ! odd trick or a m>*1 = y\r p>tn] may h assi/$ on two trumps only1 9 :i* case su* lead w\ld draw 8 rema9+ trump1 &1 9 all probability1 prove fatal to 8 plans4 ,hav+ lo/ ! fir/ two tricks & secur$ ! ?ird1 if y hold a trump & a pla9 c>d1 play ! =m]1 =1 9 ?is position ( ! game1 x is y\r only *ance to make or save a eu*re4 ,!re are only two exceptions to ?is rule1 viz4 :5 y h assi/$ y\r p>tn]1 or :5 he has adopt$ ! trump & /ill reta9s ! trump #hc c>d 9 8 h&4 ,9 ! =m] in/ance y %\ld lead ! pla9 c>d1 tru/+ to y\r p>tn] to trump x2 9 ! latt] case y %\ld also lead ! pla9 c>d1 unless y\r trump is sup]ior to y\r p>tn]'s1 & y\r pla9 c>d is an ace or a k+1 9 :i* case y %\ld play a trump1 & tru/ to ! pla9 c>d to w9 ! fif? trick4 ,! reason = ?is play is manife/4 ,if y\r oppon5ts hold a bett] trump ?an y d1 x is impossible to prev5t _! w9n+ ! odd trick1 &1 !re=e1 ! eu*re or po9t2 b if !y hold a small] trump1 y\r lead exhau/s x1 & y may w9 ! la/ trick ) y\r pla9 c>d4 ,?is position frequ5tly occurs 9 ! game1 & we recomm5d x to ! att5tion ( ! novice4 ,,conclud+ ,,h9ts4 ,nev] lose sight ( ! /ate ( ! game4 ,:5 ! score is f\r all1 adopt or make a trump ^u a weak h&4 ,:5 ! game /&s ?ree to ?ree1 hesitate be=e y adopt or make a trump ^u a weak h&1 = a eu*re w put y\r adv]s>ies out4 ,:5 y are "o & y\r oppon5ts h scor$ f\r1 y may risk try+ to make x alone ^u a weak] h& ?an if ! score 7 m fav\rable to y4 ,:5 y are eld] h&1 & ! score /&s f\r = y1 & "o = y\r oppon5ts1 d n fail to ord] up ! trump1 to prev5t ei!r ( !m f go+ alone4 ,( c\rse1 y ne$ n d ?is if y hold ! ,"r ,b[]1 or ! ,left ,b[] gu>d$4 #hd ,:5 play+ second1 d n ruff a small c>d ! fir/ "t r\nd1 b leave x to y\r p>tn]4 ,?r[ away any s+le c>d l[] ?an an ace1 s t y may aft]w>ds ruff ! suit y ?r[ away4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] assi/s1 & y hold a c>d next high] ?an ! turn-up c>d1 ruff ) x :5 an opportunity occurs4 ,:5 ?ird play]1 ruff ) high or m$ium trumps1 s z to =ce ! high trumps ( ! deal]4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] leads ! ace ( a pla9 suit1 & y h none1 d n trump x2 b if y h a s+le c>d1 ?r[ x away ^u x4 ,:5 second h&1 if compell$ to foll[ suit1 head ! trick if possible4 ,:5 y _c foll[ suit or trump1 ?r[ away y\r weake/ c>d4 ,,progressive ,,eu*re4 ,?is is a v]sion ( ! game suitable = mix$ ga!r+s4 ,! p>ty play 9 f\rs1 ea* pair ( p>tn]s consi/+ ( a lady & a g5tleman4 ,! fir/ table is kn[n z ! head table1 & ! la/ z ! booby table1 ^? betwe5 be+ second1 ?ird1 & s on4 ,! head table is furni%$ ) a bell1 & ! ho/ provides a supply ( c>dbo>d or pap] />s 9 ?ree col\rs1 say gold1 r$1 & gre54 ,two packs ( c>ds ( diff]5t patt]ns are tak51 & a sequ5ce f ace upw>ds1 equal to ! numb] ( tables1 is select$ f ! club & spade suits ( ea*4 ,^! are %uffl$1 face #he d[nw>ds4 ,! ladies draw f ! "o pack1 ! g5tlem5 f ! o!r4 ,! lady & g5tleman ^: c>ds correspond play toge!r1 & ! numb] ( pips gives ! table at :i* !y are to play4 ,! bell be+ /ruck1 play beg9s1 & cont9ues till "o pair ( p>tn]s at ! head table has made five po9ts1 :5 ! bell is aga9 s\nd$4 ,all play !n ceases1 b ! scores already made /&1 & decide ! result ( ! games4 ,! w9n]s at ! head table ea* receive a gold />1 & keep _! seats = ! next game4 ,! los]s are transf]r$ to ! booby table1 & ! w9n]s at ! second table take _! places2 be+ 9 turn replac$ by ! w9n]s at ! ?ird table1 & s on4 ,! los]s at all b ! head table keep _! places1 b ex*ange p>tn]s ) ! newcom]s at ! table4 ,! w9n]s at ! inf]ior tables receive ea* a r$ />1 & ! los]s at ! booby table a gre5 />4 ,at ! close ( play ! lady & g5tleman hav+ ! l>ge/ numb] ( />s ( a giv5 class ea* receive a prize4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a tie = a gold /> prize1 ! numb] ( r$ />s held by ea* play] decides4 ,if ?is aga9 is a tie1 ! competitor ) ! fewe/ gre5 />s is ! w9n]4 ,9 ! case ( ties 9 po9ts at any table :5 ! bell is s\nd$1 ! hold]s ( ! mo/ tricks t[>d ! next h& are ! w9n]s4#bf 99 99 99 99 99 #hf ,,loo4 ,loo is play$ 9 div]s fa%ions1 b !re are two lead+ v>ieties1 kn[n z ?ree-c>d & five-c>d ,loo respectively4 ,!re is no limit 9 ei!r case to ! numb] ( play]s1 b six or sev5 make ! bett] game4 ,,?ree-,,c>d ,,loo4 ,! full pack ( fifty-two c>ds is us$1 ! c>ds rank+ z at ,:i/4 ,! deal]1 hav+ be5 select$1#bg places an agre$ numb] ( c\nt]s 7ei!r ?ree or "s multiple ( ?ree7 9 ! pool4 ,?ree c>ds are dealt1 "o by "o1 to ea* play]1 also an extra h&1 kn[n z miss4 ,! c>d next foll[+ is turn$ up1 & fixes ! trump suit4 ,! deal] !n asks ea* play]1 beg9n+ ) ! eld] h&1 :e!r he w play or take miss4 ,! play] looks at 8 c>ds4 ,if he holds a good h&1 he w elect to play2 if o!rwise1 he has ! option ( ei!r tak+ miss1 i4e4 tak+ ! extra #hg h& 9 place ( 8 own1 or ( pass+1 i4e4 ?r[+ up 8 h& altoge!r = t r\nd4 ,if miss be decl9$1 ! same (f] is made to ! next 9 rotation2 b s soon z miss is tak51 ! rema9+ play]s h only two alt]natives--viz4 ei!r to play ! c>ds !y hold1 or to pass4 ,a play] :o has tak5 miss is b\nd to play4 ,! c>ds he has disc>d$1 z also ^? ( any play]s :o pass1 are ?r[n face d[nw>ds 9 ! middle ( ! table1 & no "o has a "r to look at !m4 ,%\ld "o play] take miss1 & all ! re/ ?r[ up _! c>ds1 he is entitl$ to ! pool4 ,%\ld only "o play] h decl>$ to play1 & n h tak5 miss1 ! deal] may play ei!r 8 own c>ds or take miss on 8 own acc\nt1 b if he does n c>e to d ei!r1 he is b\nd to take miss & play = ! pool1 i4e4 ! proce$s ( any tricks he may make rema9 9 ! pool1 to abide ! result ( ! next r\nd4 ,9 ! ev5t ( all save ! deal] pass+1 ! deal] is entitl$ to ! pool4 ,! eld] h& 7z among ^? :o h decl>$ to play7 n[ leads a c>d4 ,if he has two trumps he is b\nd to lead "o ( !m4 ,if he holds ! ace ( trumps he is b\nd to lead x1 or if an ace be turn$ up1 & he holds ! k+ ( ! same suit1 he is b\nd to lead ! latt]4 ,if only two p]sons h decl>$ to play1 & ! hold] holds two or m trumps1 he mu/ lead ! highe/1 unless 8 highe/ trumps are 9 sequ5ce or ( equal value1#bh :5 he may lead ei!r ( !m4 7,) #hh m ?an ?ree decl>$ play]s ! la/ rule does n apply47 ,! o!r play]s play 9 rotation to ! c>d l$1 subject also to c]ta9 fix$ rules1 viz4 ea* play] mu/ foll[ suit1 if possible1 & he mu/ head ! trick1 i4e4 play a high] c>d to x1 if able to d s4 ,if unable to foll[ suit1 he is b\nd to trump1 or if ! trick be already trump$1 to ov]-trump1 if practicable4 ,! w9n] ( ea* trick leads to ! next4 ,he is "u ! same obligations z ! orig9al lead]1 & is fur!r b\nd to lead a trump1 if he has "o4 ,?is latt] obligation is briefly /at$ z trump aft] trick4 ,! h& hav+ be5 play$ out1 ! pool is divid$1 9 ! proportion ( "o-?ird to ea* trick4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t five p]sons h play$2 t "o ( !m has tak5 two1 & ano!r "o trick4 ,! fir/ takes two-?irds1 & ! second "o-?ird4 ,! rema9+ ?ree play]s are loo$1 i4e4 mulct$ 9 ! same am\nt z 0 orig9ally plac$ 9 ! pool1 & ^! loos1 z !y are call$1 ) alike contribution f ! new deal]1 =m ! pool = ! next h&4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 happ5 t only ?ree play]s decl>e to play1 & t ea* ( !m takes "o trick4 ,9 su* case no "o is loo$1 & ! only fund to =m ! pool = ! next r\nd is ! contribution ( ! deal]4 ,! next h& 9 su* case is kn[n z a s+le1 & x is a usual1 ?\gh n inv>iable1 rule1 to make x :at is call$ a mu/1 mean+ t e "o1 :atev] 8 c>ds1 is b\nd to play4 ,?is necess>ily produces z _m loos 7less ?ree7 z !re are play]s1 & consequ5tly a full pool = #hi ! next h&4 ,9 ! case ( a mu/ !re is no miss4 ,9 circles :]e ! int]e/ ( a game is gaug$ by ! am\nt ( money t *anges h&s1 ! paym5t = a loo is sometimes made equal to ! am\nt :i* may *ance to be 9 ! pool = ! "t be+4 ,play+ ^u ?is pr9ciple1 ! am\nt ( a loo t5ds con/antly to increase1 until ! occurr5ce ( a s+le 7i4e4 ?ree play]s only decl>+ to play1 & ea* tak+ "o trick7 br+s x back to its normal proportions4 ,loo 9 ?is %ape is kn[n z unlimit$4 ,"u su* an arrangem5t p5ce gr[ to p\nds ) />tl+ rapidity1 s mu* s1 inde$1 t no prud5t play] w ev] sit d[n to ! game 9 ?is =m1 & ev5 among ! mo/ reckless x is cu/om>y to fix a maximum beyond :i* no fur!r advance %all be p]mitt$4 ,,five-,,c>d ,,loo4 ,9 ?is case five c>ds are dealt to ea* play]1 ! c>d next foll[+ be+ turn$ up by way ( trump4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 five tricks to be cont5d$ =1 & ! contributions to ! pool are made divisible by five accord+ly4 ,!re is1 9 ?is case1 no miss1 b ea* play] 7beg9n+ ) eld] h&7 may disc>d z _m c>ds z he pleases1 ! deal] replac+ !m ) a l numb] f ! rema9d] ( ! pack4 ,x is at ! option ( ea* play] ei!r to play or to pass1 b hav+ once drawn c>ds he is b\nd to play4 ,! disc>d$ c>ds are ?r[n face d[nw>ds 9 ! c5tre ( ! table4 ,!re is 9 ?is case a v>iation1 9 ! fact t ! knave ( clubs1 kn[n z ,pam1 is made a sort ( #ij p>am\nt trump1 tak+ prec$5ce ev5 ( ! ace ( ! trump suit4 ,! rules z to lead+1 foll[+ suit1 & head+ ! trick1 are ! same z at ! ?ree-c>d game4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ace ( trumps be l$1 & ! hold] pron\nces ! =mula ,pam1 be civil1 ! hold] ( ! latt] c>d is b\nd to pass ! trick1 if he c d s )\t a revoke4 ,special value is 9 ?is game giv5 to a flu%1 i4e4 five c>ds ( ! same suit1 or 7:i* are reg>d$ z equival5t7 f\r c>ds ( ! same suit & ,pam4 ,! hold] ( su* h& at once turns up 8 c>ds1 & looes ! bo>d1 i4e41 w9s e trick z ( "r1 )\t play+ 8 h&1 ev5 ?\gh /rong] individual c>ds 7 9 ! h&s ( o!r play]s4 ,no "o is 9 ?is case all[$ to ?r[ up 8 c>ds1 & all save ! hold] ( ! flu% are loo$4 ,%\ld m ?an "o play] hold a flu%1 a flu% 9 trumps has priority ov] "o 9 a pla9 suit4 ,z betwe5 two flu%es 9 trumps1 or two 9 pla9 suits1 t consi/+ ( ! bett] c>ds w9s4#bi ,! hold] ( ! los+ flu%1 or ( ,pam1 if 9 ! h& ( "o ( ! los]s1 is exempt f paym5t4 ,9 o!r respects ! game resembles ?ree-c>d loo4 ,"s play]s at ei!r game ma9ta9 :at is t]m$ club law1 mean+ t :5ev] a club is turn$ up by way ( trump1 e "o is b\nd to play4 ,9 su* case !re is no miss or draw+ ( c>ds4 #ia ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,loo4 ,^! may be briefly /at$ z foll[s3 #a4--;,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle at ! comm5cem5t ( a deal1 ! deal] %uffl+ la/4 ,! c>ds %all !n be cut by ! play] to ! "r ( ! deal]4 ,to con/itute a valid cut1 !re %all be at lea/ f\r c>ds 9 ea* portion ( ! pack4 #b4--,! c>ds %all be dealt "o at a "t to ea* play] ) "o c>d extra 9 ea* r\nd = miss4#cj ,?is hav+ be5 done1 ! c>d next foll[+ on ! pack %all be turn$ up z trump4 ,if a c>d be f\nd fac$ 9 ! dealt portions ( ! pack1 ! c>ds %all be re%uffl$ & recut1 & !re %all be a fre% deal by ! same deal]4 #c4--;,if ! deal]-- 7#a7 ,deals )\t hav+ ! pack cut2 or aga9 %uffles aft] ! pack has be5 duly cut2 7#b7 ,exposes a c>d 9 deal+2 deals too _m or too few c>ds to any play]2 7#c7 ,misses a h& or deals a h& or "p ( a h& additional2 7#d7 ,or o!rwise commits any irregul>ity 9 deal+1 x is a misdeal1 & ! deal] =feits a s+le to ! pool4 ,! c>ds are aga9 %uffl$ & cut1 & !re is a fre% deal by ! same deal]4 #ib #d4--,play]s %all decl>e :e!r !y play or pass 9 /rict rotation1 beg9n+ ) ! eld] h&4 #e4--;,any play] decl>+ be=e 8 turn1 or look+ at 8 c>ds be=e x is 8 turn to decl>e1 =feits a s+le to ! pool4 #f4--;,any play] look+ at miss be=e he has decl>$ to take x1 or expos+ a c>d or c>ds ( ano!r play]1 =feits a s+le to ! pool1 & mu/ retire f ! game = t r\nd4 #g4--,! deal]1 tak+ miss aga9/ "o play] only1 mu/ decl>e be=e do+ s1 :e!r he play = himself or ! pool4 ,9 ! latt] case he _c be loo$2 b ! proce$s ( any trick he may make are left 9 ! pool1 to abide ! result ( ! next h&4 #h4--;,if no "o decl>es to play1 ! deal] is entitl$ to ! pool4 #i4--;,a play] hav+ ! lead1 & hold+ ! ace ( trumps 7or k+1 ace be+ turn$ up71 is b\nd to lead x4 #aj4--;,a play] hav+ ! lead1 & hold+ two trumps1 is b\nd to lead "o ( !m4 #aa4--;,a play] hav+ ! lead1 & hold+ two trumps1 o!r ?an 9 sequ5ce or ( equal value1 is b\nd 7:5 !re are two play]s only71 to lead ! highe/4 #ab4--;,e play] is b\nd to foll[ suit if able to d s4 #ac4--;,e play] is b\nd to head ! trick if able to d s4 #ad4--;,e play] w9n+ a trick1 & /ill hold+ "o or m trumps1 is b\nd to lead a trump4 ,any play] committ+ any infractions ( ,laws #i1 #ic #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 or #ad1 mu/ leave 9 ! pool any tricks he may make1 & =feit to ! pool f\r times ! am\nt ( a s+le4 #ae4--;,if a play]1 hav+ decl>$ to play-- 7#a7 ,exposes a c>d be=e x is 8 turn to play1 or 7#b7 ,plays a c>d out ( turn1 or 7#c7 ,plays a c>d be=e all h decl>$1 or 7#d7 ,exposes a c>d :ile play+1 s z to be nam$ by any o!r decl>$ play]1 ,he %all be compell$ to ?r[ up 8 c>ds1 & to =feit a s+le to ! pool4 #af4--;,9 ! case ( a revoke1 x is 9 ! option ( any play]1 o!r ?an ! (f5d]1 to require t ! c>ds be tak5 up & ! h& play$ aga94 #ag4--;,all p5alties ( a s+le %all be deem$ to belong to ! exi/+ pool2 all high] p5alties & proce$s ( tricks left by way ( p5alty 9 ! pool to ! pool next foll[+4 99 99 99 99 99 #id ,,napoleon4 ,!re are two or ?ree v]sions ( ,napoleon1 or ,nap4 ,we w beg9 ) ,,! ,,or?odox ,,game4 ,! old game ( ,napoleon consi/s simply ( five c>ds be+ dealt out s+ly & 9 ord] to ea* ( ! p>ty1 & !n ! play]s decl>+ 9 _! turn h[ _m tricks !y ?9k !y c make4 ,! elde/ h&--t is1 ! play] to ! deal]'s left--has ! fir/ call1 & e "o aft] him c decl>e by increas+ 8 call1 up to ! limit1 ,nap1 :i* is a decl>ation to take all ! five tricks4 ,:oev] makes ! highe/ call has all ! o!r play]s pitt$ aga9/ him1 & leads out--t is to say1 he puts a c>d face upw>ds on ! table 9 front ( him1 ! play+ ( t c>d det]m9+ ! trump suit1 z :atev] suit is fir/ l$ by ! call] is trumps by virtue ( ! lead4 ,! play]s !n foll[ 9 ord]1 x be+ imp]ative to foll[ suit if possible1 b1 except = ?is1 any c>d may be play$4 ,!re is no rule z to head+ a trick or play+ a trump aft] a trick1 or inde$ any re/riction #ie :atev] beyond foll[+ ! l$ suit if y c1 "u p5alty ( a revoke = trump+ or disc>d+ :5 hold+ a c>d ( ! suit call$ =4 ,! highe/ c>d ( ! l$ suit takes ! fir/ trick1 & ! w9n] leads a c>d to ! second trick1 ! c>ds play$ n be+ pack$ or ga!r$ toge!r1 b be+ left face upw>ds 9 front ( _! own]s4 ,! w9n+ c>d is alone turn$ d[n4 ,! w9n] ( ! second trick leads to ! ?ird1 & s on1 ! decl>ation succe$+ or fail+ accord+ z ! call] makes or fails to make ! numb] ( tricks t he decl>$4 ,x matt]s no?+ :e!r he makes two or ev5 ?ree tricks m ?an he decl>$ to make2 he is only paid = ! numb] t he orig9ally ann\nc$1 & ev5 if he does n take a trick1 he simply pays = ! numb] he call$4 ,x is a level-money transaction all r\nd2 t is to say1 if a man calls ?ree at p5ny ,nap1 he receives #c;d4 f e o!r play] if he makes ! ?ree tricks1 & pays #c;d4 to e o!r play] if he does n make ?ree tricks4 ,b if he calls ,napoleon 7five tricks7 he receives #aj;d4 if he w9s1 & only pays #e;d4 if he loses4 ,we may say "h t 9 mo/ places :]e p5ny ,nap is play$1 ! #aj;d4 & #e;d4 are rais$ to #as4 to w9 & #f;d4 to lose1 on ! plea ( mak+ x ev5 money4 ,! r\nd be+ ov] & ! /akes paid1 ! deal passes 9 ! usual way to ! p]son to ! left ( ! la/ deal]1 & s on4 ,?is is ! old simple =m ( ,napoleon1 & x is :at mo/ p und]/& by ! game4 ,x is )\t complication ( any k9d1 & ! skill x requires is ( two sorts--fir/1 to judge ! value ( a h& ) due reg>d to ! numb] ( play]s #if & any calls t may h be5 made previ\sly1 &1 next1 h[ to play ! h&--:e!r z call] or z "o ( ! comb9ation aga9/ ! call--to ! be/ advantage4 ,,! ,,v>iations4 ,"h we may fir/ note ! call ( ,well+ton1 :i* is a sup]ior call to ,napoleon1 inasmu* z x sup]s$es ! latt]4 ,z 9 ! ,nap call1 ! play] und]takes to make ! :ole five tricks1 b at d\ble ! ,nap /akes4 ,?us1 if ! call] ( ,nap receives #as4 or pays #f;d41 on a ,well+ton he w\ld receive #bs41 or pay #as4 ,well+ton c only be call$ ov] ,napoleon1 t is1 x _c be decl>$ unless ,nap is decl>$ be=e x4 ,ano!r innovation is an adaptation f ,solo ,:i/1 & is call$ ,mis]y4 ,x is on ! pr9ciple ( ! ,mis]e1 :51 !re be+ no trumps1 ! call] has to lose ! :ole five tricks1 :ile 8 oppon5ts1 ( c\rse1 endeav\r to =ce him to take a trick4 ,at "s tables trumps1 det]m9$ 9 ! usual way by ! initial lead1 are recognis$2 b ?is feature is q =eign to ! orig9al ,mis]e4 ,if trumps are recognis$ ! call] %\ld inv>iably lead a s+le suit--i4e4 a suit consi/+ ( "o c>d only4 ,?is decl>ation ranks betwe5 ! calls ( ?ree & f\r1 & is paid = 9 ! same way z a call ( ?ree is paid =2 t is1 at our /akes1 to w9 w\ld be to receive #c;d4 f ea* ( ! o!r play]s1 & to lose w\ld be to pay #c;d4 to ea*4 ,sir ,g>net consi/s ( an excess h& ( five c>ds1 dealt 9 ! usual way & left on ! table4 #ig ,until ?is extra h& is appropriat$1 ea* play]1 :5 x is 8 turn to call1 has ! privilege ( tak+ x up & comb9+ x ) 8 own h&4 ,f ! t5 c>ds ?us 9 8 possession he mu/ reject five1 :i* he ?r[s away face d[nw>ds1 & on ! rema9+ five he is b\nd to decl>e ,nap4 ,! /akes are ! same z on an ord9>y ,nap call4 ,9 ,peep ,nap "o extra c>d only is dealt1 face d[nw>ds on ! table1 & ea* play]1 on 8 turn to call1 may at 8 option h a private peep at ! c>d by pay+ "o p5ny--or high]1 accord+ to ! /akes--into ! pool4 ,:5 all ! play]s h call$1 ! sup]ior decl>+ h& has ! privilege1 if he has peep$1 ( ex*ang+ ! table c>d = "o ( 8 own4 ,nobody b ! sup]ior call] c ex*ange2 nor1 ev5 if a play] calls ,nap1 c he appropriate ! peep c>d until ! foll[+ h&s h _h ! option ( see+ x z above4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a ,nap call1 x is z a rule to ! advantage ( ! foll[+ play]s to peep also1 z1 if ! call] uses ! peep c>d1 !y h !reby a guide z to :at suit to save4 ,pur*ase or ,ec>te ,nap1 h[ev]1 is unque/ionably ! mo/ int]e/+ =m ( ,napoleon4 ,aft] ! deal] has dealt1 & be=e anybody />ts call+1 ! deal] goes r\nd aga9 9 turn1 & s]ves out fre% c>ds f ! pack 9 ex*ange = z _m c>ds z ! play]s may wi% to ?r[ away f _! orig9al h&s4 ,= e fre% c>d s ex*ang$ ! play] has to pay "o p5ny 7or m1 accord+ to ! /akes7 into ! pool4 ,he mu/ n ex*ange c>ds m ?an once 9 #ih ea* r\nd1 b he c !n pur*ase any quantity up to five4 ,! c>ds ?r[n away are n %[n1 nor us$ aga9 till ! next deal4 ,! deal] mu/ sell to ea* play] 9 turn1 & to himself la/1 aft] :i* ! calls />t f 8 left 9 ! usual way4 ,9 view ( ! extra numb] ( c>ds br\ght into ! game1 ,pur*ase ,nap %\ld be conf9$ to a table ( n m ?an f\r play]s1 & = ! same reason ! calls %\ld be made on mu* /rong] h&s ?an at ord9>y ,nap4 ,,! ,,pool4 ,napoleon is bett] play$ )\t a pool1 because !n play]s call ! /r5g? ( _! h&s & no m1 & are n tempt$ into extravagance4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 n mu* practical h>m 9 play+ ) a small pool or kitty4 ,! simple/ way to make up a pool is = e deal] to put 9 a p5ny4 ,if ?is w n satisfy ! play]s1 !re are two ways ( mak+ a pool m\nt up m rapidly4 ,!y are1 t e deal] %all put 9 #c;d4 & e play] #a;d4 e "t1 or t e play] ( a knave or a five ( any o!r suit ?an trumps %all contribute #a;d4 to ! pool4 ,! pool rema9s & accumulates until somebody succe$s 9 ! call ( ,napoleon--or ,well+ton1 :]e t high] call is all[$4 ,! play] :o calls ,nap & fails1 does n usually h to d\ble or ev5 increase ! pool4 ,at "s tables1 h[ev]1 ! call] ( ,nap :o fails to make x has to pay into ! pool ! same am\nt z is already !re4 ,?is po9t %\ld be agre$ ^u be=e beg9n+ ! game4 ,9 ,peep or ,pur*ase ,nap ! pools are made by ! #ii paym5ts = peep+ & pur*as+ respectively1 & o!r me?ods ( contribut+ to ! kitty are disp5s$ )4 ,! successful call] ( ,napoleon always takes ! pool4 ,,! ,,game ,,expla9$ ,,= ,,novices4 ,nap is play$ by any numb] ( p]sons1 f two to six1 ) a full pack ( fifty-two c>ds1 rank+ z at ,:i/1 ace highe/ & deuce l[e/4 ,! orig9al deal is det]m9$ by turn+ up a c>d 9 front ( ea* ( ! play]s1 :5 ! l[e/ turn$ up indicates ! fir/ deal]4 ,! ace is 9 ?is case reg>d$ z ! l[e/ c>d4 ,:5 x is asc]ta9$ :o is to deal1 ! play] on 8 left %uffles ! c>ds1 & ! deal] may %uffle !m aft] him if he *ooses4 ,!y are !n cut by ! play] on ! deal]'s "r1 & ! deal] di/ributes !m face d[nw>ds1 "o by "o1 beg9n+ ( c\rse to ! left4 ,!re is no turn-up1 & ! undealt c>ds mu/ be plac$ 9 a heap face d[nw>ds 9 ! middle ( ! table1 & n t\*$ until ! r\nd is ov]1 except at ,pur*ase ,nap1 :5 ! deal] reta9s possession ( ! pack until ! pur*ases h be5 effect$4 ,!n foll[s ! process ( call+1 :i* has be5 already describ$4 ,we h gone ^u ! pr9ciple ( call+ ! /ake a p5ny p] trick1 b ( c\rse x c be sixp5ce1 or any o!r am\nt4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be obs]v$ t ,p5ny ,pur*ase is really z exp5sive z ?reep5ny ord9>y ,nap4 ,!re are "s few po9ts to be rememb]$4 #ajj ,a decl>ation once made /&s1 & _c be recall$4 ,a play] at ,pur*ase ,nap1 hav+ once b\ght fre% c>ds or refus$ to buy1 _c subsequ5tly am5d 8 decision4 ,unless !re is an agreem5t to ! contr>y1 ! deal] mu/1 9 default ( any high] call1 make "o trick1 or pay #a;d4 ea* to ! o!r play]s4 ,any "o :o has trump$ a suit1 or r5\nc$ ^u a suit be=e all ! five tricks h be5 play$ out1 & s made or defeat$ a decl>ation1 mu/ imm$iately %[ 8 rema9+ c>ds to prove t he has n revok$4 ,s /r+5t is ?is rule1 t if he %\ld refuse to %[ !m1 he is held to h revok$1 & a revoke entails ! foll[+ p5alties3-- ,on ! revoke be+ discov]$1 ! c>ds mu/ be tak5 up & replay$ prop]ly--t is to say1 play]s mu/ foll[ suit1 if !y c2 & always rememb] t a revoke is j z mu* a revoke if y ?r[ away a c>d ( ano!r suit1 hold+ a c>d ( ! suit l$1 z if y trump$ "u ! same circum/ances4 ,! h& hav+ be5 replay$1 ! (f5d] pays ! /akes = himself & e "o ( ! o!r play]s to ! call]1 if ! call succe$s4 ,if ! call fails1 he pays ! /akes to e o!r play]1 except ! call]4 ,a revoke prov$ aga9/ ! call] himself entails ! imm$iate p5alty ( ! loss ( ! /akes2 t is to say1 if a man calls ?ree & revokes1 x matt]s n h[ _m tricks he makes1 he mu/ pay 7at p5ny ,nap7 #c;d4 to e "o ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,if a c>d is expos$ 9 ! pack or 9 deal+1 or #aja if !re is a mis-deal1 or if ! pack is %[n to be faulty1 or if ! c>ds are dealt )\t be+ cut1 !re %\ld be a fre% deal by ! same play]4 ,any play] c dem& a fre% deal if any "o ( ^! faults is committ$1 b ! dem& mu/ be made be=e ! h&s are look$ at2 o!rwise ! deal mu/ /&4 ,aft] all ! calls h be5 decl>$1 %\ld a play] discov] t he has too few or too _m c>ds ! game mu/ be play$ out1 & if ! numb] 9 ! sup]ior call]'s h& be correct he takes ! /akes1 if he succe$s 9 mak+ 8 call good1 b nei!r receives nor pays if he fails4 ,%\ld ! call]1 h[ev]1 hold a wrong numb] 9 8 h&1 he nei!r receives nor pays if he w9s1 b pays if he fails4 ,:5 a ,nap is decl>$1 ! game mu/ be play$ out subject to ! above rules1 :e!r ! o!r play]s h _! correct numb] or n2 b1 fail+ a ,nap call1 ! c>ds mu/ be r$ealt %\ld any irregul>ity be discov]$ be=e all ! play]s h decl>$4 ,!re is "o rule at ,napoleon t has fall5 into disuse1 & t relates to play+ out ( turn4 ,x is s common = p]sons to play valueless or los+ c>ds out ( turn )\t rem>k1 t _m p =get t ! =tunes ( a h& may (t5 be influ5c$ by ! premature exposure ( ! w9n+ c>d or a trump4 ,a p]son :o1 out ( 8 turn1 plays a c>d t obvi\sly influ5ces ! game %\ld be subject$ to ! same p5alty z if he _h revok$4 #ajb ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,play]s4 ,by f> ! be/ ,nap table is made up ( f\r play]s1 because !n da% & prud5ce mu/ be pretty well equalis$ to play well4 ,) ?ree play]s great risks are commonly run1 & ) six1 failures are s frequ5t t ! game (t5 gets t$i\s ?r\gh a monoton\s s]ies ( two calls4 ,!re are s _m bett] games = two play]s t we ne$ say little ab\t :at is call$ ,s+le ,nap4 ,x consi/s ( a s]ies ( bluff+ calls1 exp]i5ce soon tea*+ t x is saf] to call ?ree or f\r on a weak h& ?an to all[ y\r adv]s>y to take ! lead4 ,?ree ,nap is v ne>ly a game ( *ance4 ,only fifte5 c>ds1 or practically "o qu>t] ( ! pack1 are 9 play1 s t ! *ances are ne>ly ?ree to "o aga9/ any giv5 c>d be+ out4 ,consequ5tly great risks are run1 & ^! risks are = ! mo/ "p ju/ifi$4 ,a play] %\ld call ,nap on any h& ( "o suit head$ by an hon\r1 h[ev] small ! rema9+ c>ds2 :ile he has a tol]able *ance ( mak+ ! same call ^u any h& consi/+ ( two suits1 if he has f\r c>ds ( ! fir/ suit head$ by an hon\r1 & an ace1 k+1 or que5 to fill up 8 h&4 ,:]e ! h& consi/s ( ?ree or f\r suits1 ! c>ds t are n trumps %\ld be aces or k+s to make ! call a prud5t "o4 ,rev]t+ to ! game z play$ by f\r or five play]s1 ! novice may be advis$ to lead trumps aga9/ ! call] :5 he only requires "o m trick1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 to let trumps alone :5 #ajc ! call] has m ?an "o trick to make to e/abli% 8 decl>ation4 ,9 conclusion1 rememb] t on an ord9>y call y\r fir/ disc>d %\ld be f y\r %orte/ & weake/ suit1 & be> ! fact 9 m9d z y note ! disc>ds ( o!r play]s4 ,9 a ,mis]y1 y\r orig9al disc>d %\ld be y\r highe/ c>d ( y\r %orte/ suit--a s+le c>d = pref]5ce1 unless x be a deuce or tray4#ca 99 99 99 99 99 #ajd ,,piquet4 ,piquet is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! be/ ( c>d games = two play]s4 ,x is play$ ) a pack ( ?irty-two c>ds1 :i* is call$ a piquet pack1 all bel[ ! sev5 be+ exclud$4 ,! c>ds rank 9 ,:i/ ord]--ace1 k+1 que51 knave1 t51 n9e1 eight1 sev54 ,! score is made p>tly by comb9ations ( c>ds held 9 ! h&1 & p>tly by po9ts m>k$ 9 ! c\rse ( play4 ,,! ,,deal4 ,! two play]s cut = deal1 & 9 ?is cutt+ ! ace ranks ! highe/4 ,! play] :o cuts ! high] c>d has ! *oice ( fir/ deal4 ,aft] ?is ! play]s deal alt]nately4 ,x is cu/om>y to use two packs ( c>ds1 & ! fir/ deal] has ! *oice :i* pack he w use4 ,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle bo? 8 own & ! adv]s>y's pack1 ! deal] %uffl+ la/4 ,aft] ?is ! pack is cut to ! deal] by ! adv]s>y1 z at ,:i/4 ,x is cu/om>y to call ! non-deal] ! eld] h&4 #aje ,! deal] mu/ deal ! c>ds by two at a "t or by ?ree at a "t1 giv+ ! top c>ds to 8 adv]s>y1 ! next to himself1 & s on1 until ea* has twelve c>ds4 ,! eight c>ds t rema9 7call$ ! /ock7 are plac$ face d[nw>ds betwe5 ! play]s4 ,!re are no trumps 9 ?is game4 ,,disc>d+ ,,& ,,tak+ ,,94 ,be=e any?+ else is done1 ea* play] has a "r to reject "s ( 8 c>ds1 & take o!rs 9 _! place4 ,! eld] h& beg9s4 ,he has ! privilege ( disc>d+ f 8 h& any numb] ( c>ds n exce$+ five 7he mu/ disc>d at lea/ "o71 & tak+ a correspond+ numb] f ! top ( ! /ock4 ,if he does n take all 8 five1 he may look at ^? he leaves1 conceal+ !m1 h[ev]1 f ! o!r play]4 ,! deal] may !n disc>d & replace 9 l mann]1 tak+ ! c>ds f ! /ock 9 ! ord] 9 :i* he f9ds !m4 ,he is b\nd to disc>d "o1 & he may1 if he pleases1 take all t rema91 or any numb] ( !m4 ,he may look at any c>ds ( 8 own portion ( ! /ock he leaves beh9d2 b if he does1 ! eld] h& may dem& to see !m too1 aft] play+ 8 fir/ c>d1 or nam+ ! suit he int5ds to play4 ,,call+4 ,! h&s be+ ?us made up1 ! eld] h& proce$s to decl>e or call ! scor+ #ajf comb9ations he may hold1 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s 9 ! h& t may be scor$1 namely 7#a7 ! po9t2 7#b7 ! sequ5ce2 7#c7 ! quatorze or trio4 7#a7 ,! po9t is scor$ by ! p>ty :o has ! mo/ c>ds ( "o suit4 ,! eld] h& /ates h[ _m he has4 ,if ! deal] has n s _m1 he says ,good1 & ! eld] h& scores "o = ea* c>d2 if ! deal] has m1 he says ,n good1 & ! eld] h&1 scor+ no?+1 passes on to ! next item4 ,if ! deal] happ5s to h ! same numb]1 he says ,equal1 & !n ! eld] h& mu/ c\nt & decl>e ! numb] ( ! pips--! ace c\nt+ elev51 ! c\rt c>ds t5 ea*1 & ! o!rs :at !y are4 ,! highe/ numb] ( pips makes ! c>ds good1 & invalidates ^? ( ! o!r p>ty4 ,if ! numb] ( pips are equal1 nei!r scores4 7#b7 ,! second item is scor$ by ! p>ty :o has ! be/ sequ5ce1 t is1 ! greate/ numb] ( consecutive c>ds1 n less ?an ?ree1 ( ! same suit1 or1 if an equal numb]1 ^? ( ! highe/ rank4 ,?us1 t51 n9e1 eight1 sev5 are bett] ?an ace1 k+1 que52 b ace1 k+1 que5 are bett] ?an k+1 que51 knave2 & s on4 ,a sequ5ce ( ?ree c>ds1 no matt] :at1 c\nts ?ree2 ( f\r c>ds1 f\r2 beyond ?is t5 are add$1 s t a sequ5ce ( five c>ds c\nts fifte52 ( six c>ds1 sixte52 & s on4 ,! eld] h& decl>es 8 be/ sequ5ce4 ,if ! deal] has a bett]1 he says ,n good2 if only inf]ior ones1 he says ,good4 ,9 ! latt] case ! hold] scores n only = ! be/ sequ5ce1 b = e o!r he holds 9 8 h&2 all ! opposite p>ty may hold be+ #ajg invalidat$4 ,if ! be/ sequ5ces are equal1 nei!r scores4 7#c7 ,! ?ird item is call$ ! quatorze1 f ! fact t f\r aces1 f\r k+s1 f\r que5s1 f\r knaves1 or f\r t5s 9 "o h&1 if good1 score f\rte54 ,?ree ( ei!r k9d 7call$ a trio7 score ?ree4 ,9 decid+ :i* p>ty is to score1 ! high] c>ds are bett] ?an ! l[]1 b any f\r l c>ds take prec$5ce ( ! be/ ?ree4 ,?us f\r t5s are bett] ?an ?ree aces2 b ?ree aces are bett] ?an ?ree k+s1 & s on4 ,! eld] h& names 8 be/ quatorze or trio1 to :i* ! deal] says ,good or ,n good1 z ! case may be2 &1 z ) ! sequ5ce1 ! "o :o has ! be/ scores all o!rs he may hold1 :ile ^? ( ! oppon5t are all de/roy$4 ,! po9t & sequ5ce1 :5 scor$ by ei!r p>ty1 mu/ be %[n to ! o!r1 if ask$ =4 ,,! ,,play4 ,! items 9 ! eld] h& ?us be+ c\nt$1 ! hold] lays d[n "o c>d1 ?us beg9n+ ! play4 ,! deal] plays to ?is2 b1 imm$iately be=e do+ s1 he calls & c\nts all he has to score 9 8 h&4 ,! play1 ! object ( :i* is to ga9 tricks1 foll[s ! ord9>y ,:i/ rule2 ! second play] be+ oblig$ to foll[ suit1 if he c1 & ! be/ c>d w9n+4 ,if he _c foll[ suit1 he loses ! trick1 ?r[+ away any c>d he pleases4 ,! scor+ ( ! play is peculi>4 ,! fir/ play] to e trick c\nts "o = ! c>d he s plays2 b if ! second play] w9s ! trick1 he #ajh also c\nts "o4 ,! play] :o takes ! la/ trick c\nts an extra "o = x4 ,if ei!r play] w9s m ?an six tricks1 he scores t5 = ! c>ds1 z x is call$4 ,if ! two play]s w9 six tricks ea*1 !re is no score = ! c>ds on ei!r side4 ,,example4 ,:at has be5 above describ$ con/itutes ! simple or ord9>y game4 ,!re are "s additional scores = extraord9>y cases2 b be=e we m5tion !m x w be well to illu/rate ! =ego+ directions by an example ( an imag9>y h&1 :i* w %[ t al?\gh ! description may appe> complicat$1 ! practice is v easy4 ,a & ,b play at ,piquet1 ,b be+ ! deal]1 & ,a ! eld] h&4 ,b deals out ! foll[+ c>ds3 ,to ,a4 ,spades--n9e1 sev54 ,he>ts--ace1 n9e1 eight4 ,clubs--knave1 t51 sev54 ,diamonds--knave1 t51 n9e1 eight4 ,to ,b4 ,spades--que51 t51 eight4 ,he>ts--que51 knave1 sev54 ,clubs--ace1 k+1 que51 eight4 ,diamonds--k+1 que54 ,aft] ! deal ! /ock conta9s c>ds 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,ace ( diamonds 7top c>d74 ,n9e ( clubs4 ,sev5 ( diamonds4 #aji ,ace ( spades4 ,k+ ( he>ts4 ------ ,k+ ( spades4 ,t5 ( he>ts4 ,knave ( spades 7bottom c>d74 ,a has a poor h&1 & mu/ take all 8 five c>ds1 9 ! hope ( improv+ x4 ,he mu/ keep 8 diamond suit entire2 s he disc>ds ! n9e & sev5 ( spades1 ! n9e & eight ( he>ts1 & ! sev5 ( clubs1 tak+ 9 ! five upp] c>ds f ! /ock4 ,b's is already a good h& ) ! quatorze ( que5s--:i* he kn[s mu/ be good--a fair *ance = ! po9t1 & o!r fav\rable c>ds = trick-mak+4 ,b he disc>ds ! t5 & eight ( spades & ! sev5 ( he>ts ) ! hope ( improvem5t1 tak+ 9 ! ?ree rema9+ c>ds ( ! /ock4 ,! two h&s are !n z foll[s3 ,a 7eld] h&7 has ace ( spades1 ace & k+ ( he>ts1 knave1 t51 n9e ( clubs1 & ace1 knave1 t51 n9e1 eight1 sev5 ( diamonds4 ,b 7deal]7 has k+1 que51 knave ( spades2 que51 knave1 t5 ( he>ts2 ace1 k+1 que51 eight ( clubs1 & k+ & que5 ( diamonds4 ,! foll[+ conv]sation may be suppos$ to take place3 ,a3 ,my po9t is #f4 ,b3 ,good4 ,a 7%[s 8 diamonds1 or says1--9 diamonds2 & !n adds73 ,my be/ sequ5ce 9 ! qu9t to ! knave ( diamonds4 #aaj ,b3 ,good4 ,a3 ,i h also a ti]ce to ano!r knave 7%[s knave1 t51 n9e ( clubs1 or says1--9 clubs74 ,a3 ,& ,i h ?ree aces4 ,b3 ,n good4 ,a3 ,!n ,i score #f = ! po9t1 #ae = ! qu9t sequ5ce1 & #c = ! ti]ce1 mak+ #bd4 ,he !n plays ace ( diamonds1 & says3 #be4 ,b3 ,i score #ad = f\r que5s1 & #c = ?ree k+s--total #ag4 ,b 7plays que5 ( diamonds1 & repeats73 #ag4 ,a 7plays sev5 ( diamonds73 #bf4 ,b 7tak+ x ) k+73 #ah4 ,b 7leads ace ( clubs73 #ai4 ,a 7foll[s ) knave73 #bf4 ,b 7plays k+ ( clubs73 #bj4 ,a 7t5 ( clubs73 #bf4 ,b 7que5 ( clubs73 #ba4 ,a 7n9e ( clubs73 #bf4 ,b 7eight ( clubs73 #bb4 ,a 7?r[s away k+ ( he>ts73 #bf4 ,b 7leads k+ ( spades73 #bc4 ,a 7takes x ) ace73 #bg4 ,a 7n[ leads knave ( diamonds73 #bh4 ,b 7any?+73 #bc4 ,a 7t5 ( diamonds73 #bi4 ,b 7any?+73 #bc4 ,a 7n9e ( diamonds73 #cj4 ,b 7any?+73 #bc4 ,a 7eight ( diamonds73 #ca4 ,b 7any?+73 #bc4 ,a 7ace ( he>ts73 #cb4 ,b 78 la/ c>d73 #bc4 #aaa ,a3 ,!n ,i score #a = ! la/ trick--#cc1 & #aj = ! c>ds2#cb t makes me 9 all #dc4 ,b3 ,& ,i score #bc4 ,a note is made ( ^! numb]s1 & ! next deal is proce$$ )4 ,we %all h]eaft] expla9 h[ ! f9al score is made up f ! results obta9$ 9 ! successive h&s2 b be=e do+ ?is x w be well to complete ! description ( ! scor+ elem5ts4 ,piquet is rem>kable = conta9+ c]ta9 extraord9>y *ances1 "s ( !m ( great scor+ value4 ,^! are f\r 9 numb]1 namely1 ! ,c>te ,blan*e1 ! ,repique1 ! ,pique1 & ! ,capot4 ,,c>te ,,blan*e4 ,if ! h& orig9ally dealt to ei!r play] conta9s nei!r a k+1 a que51 nor a knave 7no picture c>d1 9 fact1 :5ce ! "n71 x entitles ! hold] to score t54 ,z soon z ! play] is aw>e t he has ?is1 he is b\nd to in=m 8 adv]s>y2 & aft] ! adv]s>y has disc>d$1 he is b\nd to %[ 8 c>te blan*e by c\nt+ ! c>ds1 "o by "o1 on ! table4 ,! score = a c>te blan*e takes prec$5ce ( all o!r scores4 ,,repique4 ,:5 ei!r play] c score ?irty or m by ! cont5ts ( 8 h& alone1 be=e 8 adv]s>y c score any?+1 he gets :at is call$ a repique1 :i* enables him to add sixty to 8 score4 #aab ,?us1 if ! eld] h& f9ds himself )1 say-- ,a good po9t ( five #e ,a good qu9t sequ5ce #ae ,a good quatorze #ad -- #cd su* a comb9ation w enable him 7if ! deal] does n hold c>te blan*e7 to score n9ety-f\r4 ,,pique4 ,:5 ! eld] h& c\nts some?+ less ?an ?irty 9 h&1 b c make x up to ?irty by play be=e 8 adv]s>y c\nts "o1 he adds ?irty on ?is acc\nt to 8 score4 ,?is is a pique4 ,x is obvi\s t a pique c nev] be ga9$ by ! deal]1 z 8 adv]s>y always c\nts "o = ! fir/ c>d he plays4 ,,capot4 ,if ei!r ( ! play]s ga9 all ! tricks1 he scores =ty = !m1 in/ead ( t5 = ! majority4 ,?is is call$ a capot4 ,pique1 repique1 & capot are n unfrequ5t2 b ! occurr5ce ( c>te blan*e is exce$+ly r>e1 occurr+ only ab\t once 9 n9e hundr$ deals4 ,z an example ( h[ ^! extraord9>y *ances tell1 suppose t ! eld] h&1 aft] disc>d+1 %\ld f9d himself ) f\r major ti]ces 9 8 h&1 ! deal] hav+ only ?ree c>ds ( ea* suit1 includ+ at lea/ "o knave1 s z to prev5t a c>te blan*e2 ! eld] h& w\ld !n score z foll[s3 #aac ,9 ! h&-- ,po9t #c ,f\r ti]ce sequ5ces #ab ,?ree quatorzes #db -- #eg ,add = ! repique #fj ,9 play-- ,twelve c>ds1 all w9n+ #ab ,= ! la/ c>d #a ,= ! capot #dj -- ,total score = "o h& #agj ,:5 x is consid]$ t 9 "s h&s ! score may be no?+1 & t x may v>y 9 all degrees betwe5 ^!1 ! v>iety obta9able w be /rik+ly evid5t4 ,,! ,,f9al ,,score4 ,x is necess>y n[ to expla9 :at is done ) ! scores made 9 ! successive h&s1 & h[ ! f9al adju/m5t is effect$4 ,accord+ to ! orig9al mode ( play+1 ! game consi/$ ( #ajj po9ts2 inde$1 9 e>ly times ! "n ,c5t 7corrupt$ into ,sant or ,saunt7 appe>s to h be5 appli$ to x4 ,hoyle adh]$ to ?is1 b at "s lat] p]iod ! #ajj 0 alt]$ to #aja4 ,?is 0 also ! ord9>y way ( play+ ! game 9 ,france1 & has be5 g5]ally adh]$ to 9 ,engl& until ! la/ few ye>s4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! score ( ea* h& is regi/]$1 ei!r by writ+ x d[n1 or by "s k9d ( m>k+ contrivance1 & ! :ole add$ up until ! #ajj limit is rea*$ by "o ( ! p>ties4 ,! game may ext5d ov] sev]al h&s1 or x may1 by ! aid ( ! extraord9>y scores1 be complet$ 9 "o4 #aad ,x w1 h[ev]1 (t5 happ5 t bo? p>ties may arrive simultane\sly ne> ! #ajj score1 & x !n becomes necess>y to regi/] c>efully & 9 prop] ord] ! scores made at ! diff]5t /ages ( ! h& by ! two p>ties respectively4 ,! laws prescribe t ! scores1 :e!r obta9$ by ! eld] h& or by ! deal]1 %all be reckon$ 9 ! foll[+ ord] ( prec$5ce--viz43 #a4 ,c>te blan*e4 #b4 ,po9t4 #c4 ,sequ5ces4 #d4 ,quatorzes & trios4 #e4 ,po9ts made 9 play4 #f4 ,! c>ds4 ,apply+1 !re=e1 ! scores made by ei!r play] "u ea* ( ^! heads1 9 ! ord] nam$1 ! "o :o fir/ rea*es #ajj w h won ! game4 ,?is simple game ( #ajj may suffice = dome/ic amusem5t2 b a few ye>s ago an alt]ation 0 made 9 ! practice ( ! clubs1 by ! introduction ( :at is call$ ! ,rubicon ,game1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,!re is no def9ite numb] ( po9ts con/itut+ a game1 b ! play]s play six deals1 =m+ :at is call$ a p>tie4 ,! scores made by ea* play] 9 ea* deal are regi/]$ on a c>d1 & at ! end ( ! p>tie !y are add$ toge!r4 ,! p>tie is won by ! play] :o has made ! highe/ aggregate score4 ,! w9n] !n d$ucts 8 adv]s>y's score f 8 own1 & #ajj is add$ to ! diff]5ce1 :i* makes ! numb] ( po9ts won4 ,?us1 suppose ,a has scor$ 9 ! six deals #abj #aae po9ts1 & ,b #ajb1 ,a w9s #abj - #ajb #ajj #aah po9ts1 = :i* he has to be paid4 ,b !re is ano!r condition1 namely1 ! e/abli%m5t ( #ajj z a ,rubicon4 ,! law says t1 if ! los] fail to rea* ?is am\nt1 ! w9n] rev]ses ! rule1 & in/ead ( d$uct+ ! los]'s score adds x to 8 own4 ,?us1 if ,a has scor$ #abj1 & ,b only #ih1 ,a w9s #abj #ih #ajj #cah1 al?\gh ! los] is only f\r %ort ( 8 =m] score4 ,?is mode ( scor+ has n[ sup]s$$1 at ! clubs1 ! orig9al #ajj game4 ,x c]ta9ly adds a new feature to ! play2 = if a play] f9ds1 t[>ds ! end ( ! p>tie1 t he is n likely to rea* ! ,rubicon1 x is 8 int]e/ to score z few po9ts z possible1 in/ead ( try+ to w94 ,,application ,,( ,,skill4 ,! skill requir$ 9 ,piquet applies to ! rejection ( c>ds f ! orig9al h&1 & to ! subsequ5t play1 bo? ( :i* (f] excell5t scope = intellig5ce & judgm5t4 ,x w\ld be impossible1 9 ! %ort space at our disposal1 to ent] into all ! complicat$ consid]ations :i* influ5ce ?is matt]4 ,^!1 !re=e1 mu/ be /udi$ 9 l>g] works on ! game4#cc ,! essay by ,hoyle1 pr9t$ 9 ! mod]n editions ( 8 ,games1 conta9s mu* useful in/ruction1 ?\gh n v cle>ly convey$4 ,! foll[+ are "s h9ts tak5 f x3 ,9 disc>d+1 x is a great object to reta9 su* c>ds z w be likely to fav\r y\r w9n+ ! #aaf c>ds1 i4e4 mak+ ! majority ( tricks1 :i* w g5]ally make a diff]5ce ( tw5ty-two or tw5ty-?ree po9ts to ! score4 ,d n1 !re=e1 ?r[ out good trick-mak+ c>ds = ! hope ( gett+ high c\nt+ sequ5ces or quatorzes1 ! odds = :i* are consid]ably aga9/ y4 ,! next att5tion %\ld be to y\r po9t1 :i* w induce y to keep 9 t suit ( :i* y h ! mo/ c>ds1 or t :i* is y\r /ronge/4 ,ga9+ ! po9t g5]ally makes t5 diff]5ce 9 ! score4 ,good au?orities atta* ev5 m importance to ! po9t ?an to ! c>ds1 because x scores e>li]1 & may save a pique or a repique4 ,( c\rse1 y w\ld reta9 a good sequ5ce--good1 t is1 ei!r 9 respect to l5g? or to rank ( c>ds4 ,a sequ5ce ( f\r is especially valuable1 because1 if y happ5 to take 9 "o c>d 9 addition to x1 x may add t5 to y\r score4 ,& ev5 a sequ5ce ( ?ree is n to be despis$1 z t also invites useful increase f ! take-94 ,( c\rse1 also1 y w\ld keep any quatorze if y h x1 ev5 if l[1 z x w\ld de/roy ?ree aces 9 ! adv]s>y's h&4 ,a trio %\ld also be kept1 if x c be done )\t detrim5t to ! c>ds or ! po9t1 z !re is always a possibility ( conv]t+ x into a quatorze4 7,if y take 9 five c>ds1 x is only ?ree to "o aga9/ y\r do+ s1 i4e4 y w\ld probably succe$ once 9 f\r times47 ,b ,hoyle gives a case to %[ caution 9 ?is respect4 ,suppose y h ace1 k+1 que51 & sev5 ( he>ts1 & two o!r que5s1 & t x 0 a "q :e!r y %\ld disc>d "o ( y\r que5s or ! sev5 ( he>ts4 ,if y disc>d #aag ! latt]1 x is ?ree to "o aga9/ y\r gett+ ! que5 quatorze2 b if y disc>d ! que51 x is five to two t y w take 9 ano!r he>t1 :i* w\ld probably give y n only ! po9t1 b also five c]ta9 tricks t[>ds ! c>ds4 ,suppose y1 be+ eld] h&1 receive que51 t51 n9e1 eight1 & sev5 ( clubs1 knave1 t5 ( diamonds2 k+1 que5 & knave ( he>ts2 ace & n9e ( spades1 ! natural impulse w\ld be to reta9 ! clubs intact = ! po9t & sequ5ce1 & disc>d f ! o!r suits4 ,b ,hoyle recomm5ds y to disc>d all ! clubs4 ,x is true t if y took 9 ! knave ( clubs x w\ld be a good ?+1 b x is ?ree to "o aga9/ x1 :]eas1 if y keep ! o!r suits intact1 y w take 9 some?+ t w give y a bett] *ance ( scor+ ?an y c\ld h made by ! o!r c\rse4 ,x may assi/ y\r disc>d to consid]1 by inf]5ce f y\r own h&1 :at ! adv]s>y c or _c possibly hold4 ,= example1 if y are v %ort ( a suit1 he may h a long po9t or sequ5ce 9 x4 ,if y h any hon\r or t51 he _c hold a quatorze ( t rank1 b if y are %ort ( "o1 he may d s2 also y\r hold+ a knave or t51 or "s o!r comb9ations1 w prev5t him f hold+ a qu9t 9 t suit1 & s on4 ,bew>e h[ y ungu>d k+s & que5s4 ,if1 be+ eld] h&1 y reject a gu>d to a k+1 x is probable t 9 tak+ five c>ds y may replace x2 b :5 y are y\ng] h&1 x is highly desirable to reta9 ! gu>d1 & = ?is purpose x is consid]$ fur!r advisable to keep a small c>d ( a bad suit1 t x may s]ve z a gu>d = a k+ if y %\ld take "o 94 #aah ,9 "s positions y mu/ regulate y\r disc>d accord+ to ! score4 ,?us1 if y only want a few po9ts1 x w\ld be fooli% to lay out ) a view to any l>ge object2 y w\ld devote all y\r att5tion to :at c\nts fir/1 namely1 ! po9t & sequ5ces2 success 9 :i* might c>ry y out be=e y\r oppon5t c\ld get 94 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y\r adv]s>y is mu* 9 advance ( y1 y c probably only retrieve y\r =tune by a l>ge score1 & y w\ld disc>d ) ?is view4 ,to consid] ! c>ds1 unless ) a view to a capot1 w\ld be useless4 ,x is consid]$ desirable = y1 if eld] h&1 to take all five ( y\r c>ds1 unless y h a *ance ( a great score1 & !re c be no repique aga9/ y4 ,! consid]ation is n only :e!r ! c>ds w b5efit y1 b also :e!r1 if y leave !m1 !y may n mu* m b5efit y\r adv]s>y4 ,if ! y\ng] h& %\ld h dealt to him a h& :i* w enable him to make six tricks1 ,hoyle advises t he %\ld n make su* a disc>d z w incur ! risk ( los+ ! c>ds1 unless he %\ld be v backw>d1 & h a s*eme = a great game4 ,9 reg>d to ! play ( ! h&1 x is difficult to lay d[n rules1 b an acqua9tance ) ,:i/ play w be a v useful g5]al guide to ! /ud5t1 %[+ him h[ to e/abli% & br+ 9 8 suits1 h[ to get t5aces l$ up to1 h[ to pres]ve gu>d to second-be/ c>ds1 & s on4 ,! mo/ ess5tial ?+ is to secure ! sev5? trick1 :i* scores ! c>ds2 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 e trick made is ( importance to y\r score1 ! la/ c\nt+ two4 #aai ,b ! mo/ important po9t 9 play is to discov] & to take due advantage ( ! cont5ts ( ! adv]s>y's h&4 ,! compulsory call+ & %[+ ( ! v>i\s scor+ elem5ts give c]ta9 positive indications2 b _m o!rs may be obta9$ by a skilful play]1 by inf]5ce f 8 own h&1 & f ! c>ds he may see ( ! /ock1 & ^! indications may (t5 be us$ to consid]able advantage4 ,= ?is reason1 !re is an antagoni/ic ex]cise ( skill 9 conceal+ ! cont5ts ( y\r h& f y\r adv]s>y1 9 ord] to prev5t 8 draw+ correct inf]5ces4 ,= example1 a clev] play] w sometimes refra9 f claim+ scor+-elem5ts :i* he may hold1 :5 he ?9ks t by conceal+ !m he may ga9 great] advantage 9 ! play4 ,?is is call$ s9k+4 ,) a bad h& great c>e is (t5 necess>y1 by gu>d+ second-be/ c>ds1 or o!rwise1 to ga9 a s+le trick & s save ! capot1 :i* makes su* a l>ge score4 ,a m p[]ful aid to skill1 bo? 9 disc>d+ & play+1 is to be f\nd 9 ! /udy ( ! laws ( probabilities1 :i* are peculi>ly applicable at ,piquet4 ,l5g?y & elaborate /atem5ts ( ! *ances w be f\nd 9 ,cav5di% & 9 ! e>li] editions ( ,hoyle2 & are well wor? ! att5tion ( ^? :o c>e to /udy ! game fully4#cd 99 99 99 99 99 #abj ,,pok]4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( ,pok]1 di/+ui%$ by ! names ( ,/raight1 ,draw1 ,/ud1 & ,:iskey ,pok] respectively4 ,^!1 aga91 are play$ 9 diff]5t ways1 v>y+ ) ! locality1 sc>cely any two ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! home ( ! game1 be+ fully agre$ z to its correct =m4 ,s fully is ?is div]g5ce recognis$1 t ev5 9 ,am]ica a company1 sitt+ d[n to play ,pok] toge!r = ! fir/ "t1 usually beg9 by discuss+ h[ ! game %all be play$ 9 respect ( ! v>i\s po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,we %all endeav\r to give a cle> idea ( :at 7if any7 may be call$ ! /&>d games1 ) a few ( ! m important v>iations4 ,! mo/ popul> v>iety is ,draw ,pok]1 ?\gh ! full "n is r>ely us$1 ! s+le ^w ,pok] be+ usually und]/ood to indicate ! ,draw game4 ,draw ,pok] is play$ ) ! full pack ( fifty-two c>ds4 ,!re is no set limit to ! numb] ( play]s1 b five make ! be/ game & six %\ld be ! maximum4 ,z ea* play] holds five c>ds at ! outset1 & has ! "r1 if he s pleases1 to #aba draw five m1 x is obvi\s t if ev5 six play]s ex]cis$ _! "r to ! full ext5t1 ! pack w\ld n suffice to supply _! dem&s4 ,z !y nev] d fully ex]cise x1 ) six play]s !re is a suffici5t m>g92 b ) sev5 ! m>g9 is inconv5i5tly small4 ,! /akes are repres5t$ by c\nt]s1 kn[n 9 ,am]ica z *ips4 ,we w suppose t ^! are equival5t to p5ce4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt1 say twelve c\nt]s1 is fix$ ^u z ! limit ( ! /ake4 ,z w be se5 h]eaft]1 su* limit is r imag9>y ?an real1 apply+ m]ely to ! successive /ages by :i* ! ultimate total is rea*$1 ! latt] be+ 7unless1 by agreem5t1 a limit is plac$ on ?is also7 an unkn[n quantity4 ,! deal] hav+ be5 select$1 & ! pack %uffl$ & cut1 he proce$s to deal r\nd1 "o at a "t1 five c>ds to ea* play]4 ,fir/1 h[ev]1 ! eld] h&1 at ?is game kn[n z ! ,age1 be=e see+ 8 c>ds1 />ts ! pool ) a prelim9>y /ake kn[n z ! ante4#ce ,?is mu/ n exce$ "o-half ! limit4 ,?us1 9 ! case suppos$ ( ! limit be+ twelve c\nt]s1 ! ,age has ! option ( putt+ up any numb] f "o to six1 z he pleases4 ,?is /ake1 f ! fact t x is made )\t see+ ! c>ds1 is kn[n z a bl9d4 ,illu/ration ,we w suppose t five play]s are tak+ "p1 :om we may di/+ui% z ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d & ,e2 t !y are seat$ 9 ! ord] indicat$ 9 ! diagram1 & t ,a is ! deal]4 ,! deal passes f ,a to ,b1 & s on4 ,b is 9 su* case ! ,age1 #abb & has put up1 by way ( ante a s+le c\nt]4#cf ,ea* play] looks at 8 c>ds1 ^: value dep5ds ^u 8 possession ( c]ta9 comb9ations1 rank+ 9 proportion to ! r>ity ( _! occurr5ce4 ,c is ! fir/ to decl>e4 ,if 8 c>ds are s bad t he has no hope ( w9n+1 he may pass1 i4e4 g out ( ! game altoge!r = t h&4 ,9 su* case1 he ?r[s 8 c>ds1 face d[nw>ds1 9 front ( ! ,age1 :o w 9 due c\rse be ! next deal]4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,c ?9ks 8 c>ds wor? play+ on1 he goes 91 i4e4 he puts 9 ! pool d\ble ! am\nt /ak$ by ! ,age4 ,d1 ,e & ,a 9 rotation d ! same1 ei!r pass+ & ?r[+ up _! c>ds1 or go+ 9 & plac+ 9 ! pool a l am\nt to t j contribut$ by ,c4 ,:5 ! turn ( ,b 7! ,age7 is rea*$1 he has to make a simil> decision1 &1 if he decide to g 91 mu/ put 9 ! pool a l am\nt to t #abc :i* he fir/ /ak$1 !reby plac+ himself on an equal foot+ ) ! o!r play]s4#cg ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r possible cont+5cy4 ,b has put up1 by way ( ante1 ! m9imum1 "o c\nt] only4 ,if ei!r ( ! play]s holds a h& :i* seems a probable w9n]1 he may desire to put a heavi] /ake on x4 ,9 su* case1 he mu/ fir/ make good ! ante 7i4e4 h& 9 two c\nt]s71 & may !n g bett]1 or (f] a high] /ake to ! ext5t ( ! limit4 ,c1 we w suppose1 has simply made good ! ante4 ,d n only does ! same1 b goes f\r bett]4 ,he ?us contributes 9 all1 six c\nt]s to ! pool1 & any subsequ5t play] :o desires to g 91 mu/ also h& 9 six c\nt]s4 ,hav+ done s1 su* subsequ5t play] has ! option ( aga9 go+ bett] on 8 own acc\nt4 ,we w suppose t ,e makes good ,d's raise1 & goes ?ree bett]1 mak+ 9 all n9e c\nt]s4 ,a1 we w assume1 has b a poor h&1 & sees small *ance ( w9n+4 ,su* be+ ! case1 he passes out1 & ?r[s up 8 c>ds1 /ill1 h[ev]1 reta9+ 8 functions z deal]4 ,x is n[ ! turn ( ,b1 ! ,age1 :o has to consid] :e!r1 "u ^! conditions1 x is wor? 8 :ile to g 94 ,%\ld he elect to d s1 he mu/ h& 9 eight c\nt]s1 i4e4 n9e1 less ! s+le c\nt] :i* he /ak$ by way ( ante4 ,if ,c /ill elects to g 91 he mu/ pay sev5 c\nt]s1 9 addition to ! two he has already paid4 ,d1 9 l mann]1 ?ree c\nt]s4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is /age1 ! /&+ play]s #abd proce$ to draw to fill _! h&s1 i4e4 disc>d _! lea/ valuable c>ds 7?r[+ !m face d[nw>ds on ! table71 & receive a l numb] f ! deal]4 ,at ?is po9t1 x may be conv5i5t to /ate :]e9 ! /r5g? ( a pok] h& lies1 & :at1 !re=e1 is ! object ( ! play]s4 ,a pok] h& is valuable 9 s f> z x conta9s c]ta9 c>ds1 or comb9ations ( c>ds1 rank+ z "u4 ,we beg9 ) ! highe/4 #a4 ,a ,,/raight ,,flu%1 i4e4 a sequ5ce ( five c>ds1 all ( ! same suit4 ,n4,b4--,z betwe5 two sequ5ces1 t beg9n+ ) ! highe/ c>d has ! pref]5ce4 ,! ace may be treat$ at pleasure ei!r z ! highe/ c>d or ! l[e/1 & w1 !re=e1 =m a sequ5ce ei!r ) k+1 que51 c41 or ) two1 ?ree1 c4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave1 t5 is ! highe/ possible sequ5ce4 ,ace1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 ! l[e/4 #b4 ,,f\rs1 i4e4 f\r c>ds ( ! same d5om9ation1 ) "o indiff]5t c>d1 ! high] f\r hav+ priority4 ,aces 9 ?is case c\nt z highe/1 s t a f\r ( aces is ! be/ possible4 #c4 ,a ,,full1 i4e4 ?ree c>ds ( ! same d5om9ation1 & a pair4 ,z betwe5 two fulls1 ! comp>ative value ( ! ?ree c>ds 9 ea* case decides priority4 #d4 ,a ,,flu%1 i4e4 five c>ds ( ! same suit4 #e4 ,a ,,/raight1 i4e4 five c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 b n ( ! same suit4 #abe #f4 ,,?rees1 i4e4 ?ree c>ds ( l d5om9ation1 ) two indiff]5t c>ds4 #g4 ,,two ,,pairs1 ) an indiff]5t c>d4 #h4 ,a ,,pair1 ) ?ree indiff]5t c>ds4 #i4 ,,highe/ ,,c>d4 ,:]e no h& has ei!r ( ! above comb9ations1 t conta9+ ! highe/ c>d is ! w9n]4 ,z betwe5 pairs or sequ5ces 9 oppos+ h&s1 ! highe/ w9s4 ,:]e ea* holds two pairs1 ! two be/ are comp>$1 & ! highe/ w9s4 ,9 ! ev5t ( equality ( pairs1 ! h& conta9+ ! highe/ indiff]5t c>d w9s4 ,9 ! ev5t ( absolute equality betwe5 ! two be/ h&s1 ! pool is divid$4 ,a /udy ( ! =ego+ table w make cle> ! objects aim$ at by ea* play]1 & ! pr9ciples :i* regulate 8 disc>d4 ,x may be tak5 = grant$ t a play]1 hav+ receiv$ a scor+ comb9ation1 h[ev] small1 w c]ta9ly hold x4 ,?us ) a pair & ?ree indiff]5t c>ds1 ! play] w\ld c]ta9ly reta9 ! pair & ex*ange ! re/1 9 ! hope ( conv]t+ 8 pair into ?rees1 or some?+ bett]4 ,) ?rees1 he w\ld1 z a rule1 ex*ange ! two indiff]5t c>ds1 9 ! hope ( receiv+ a pair1 & s trans=m+ 8 ?rees into a full4 ,) two pairs1 he w\ld ex*ange ! odd c>d1 9 ! hope ( receiv+ ano!r ( l d5om9ation ) "o or o!r ( 8 pairs1 :i* aga9 w\ld give him a full4 ,x may occasionally happ5 t a play] receives 9 ! fir/ in/ance a h& s good t he is n likely to ga9 any?+ by draw+1 & pref]s1 #abf !re=e1 to /& on ! c>ds giv5 him4 ,su* a h& is kn[n z a pat h&4 ,! mo/ obvi\s example ( a h& :i* _c ga9 by draw+ is t ( f\rs4 ,?is1 z we h se51 is ! second highe/ h& t c be held2 inde$1 a /raight flu% is ( s r>e occurr5ce1 & ! hold+ ( two f\rs by diff]5t play]s s unlikely a cont+5cy t a h& ( f\rs is practically a safe w9n]4 ,! odd c>d is 9 su* case wor?less1 b no?+ = :i* x c\ld be ex*ang$ w\ld add to ! value ( ! h&4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r consid]ation to be tak5 into acc\nt 9 det]m9+ :e!r to draw or n4 ,?is we %all deal ) h]eaft]4 ,= ! mom5t we w rev]t to our imag9>y game4 ,a has pass$ out2 ,b1 ,c1 ,d & ,e h respectively rais$ or made good ! raise 7to ! ext5t1 includ+ ! ante1 ( n9e c\nt]s ea*74 ,we w n[ exam9e _! c>ds4 ,b's h& consi/s ( ace ( he>ts1 que5 & ?ree ( diamonds1 que5 ( clubs1 & five ( spades4 ,he has ?us a pair ( que5s1 b ! rema9+ c>ds are at pres5t wor?less4 ,c has ace ( clubs1 ?ree & f\r ( spades1 n9e ( he>ts & two ( diamonds1 f\r out ( ! five c>ds be+ 9 sequ5ce4 ,d has t5 & eight ( he>ts1 t5 ( spades1 knave ( clubs1 & eight ( diamonds2 a fairly good h&1 = x conta9s two pairs4 ,e has five c>ds )\t any scor+ comb9ation1 say eight & ?ree ( clubs1 k+ & f\r ( he>ts1 & knave ( spades4 ,b has ! fir/ claim to draw4 ,he might v well disc>d all ?ree ( 8 non-scor+ c>ds1 b su* a proce$+ w\ld be tantam\nt to an ackn[l$gem5t t he only _h z yet a pair #abg & "o ( ! ma9 po9ts at ,pok] is to keep ! adv]s>ies 9 ! d>k z to ! /r5g? ( ! play]'s h&4 ,he has ne>ly z good a *ance ( mak+ a ?ree1 or two pairs1 by ex*ang+ two c>ds only1 & accord+ly does s1 reta9+ ! pair & ! ace ( he>ts4 ,we w suppose t he draws ! que5 ( he>ts & n9e ( diamonds4 ,he has n[ ?rees ( que5s4 ,c ex*anges ! n9e ( he>ts1 9 ! hope ( complet+ 8 sequ5ce1 b draws1 say1 ! knave ( diamonds1 :i* makes him no bett]4 ,d1 hav+ already two pairs1 disc>ds ! odd c>d on ! *ance ( draw+ ano!r eight or t51 ei!r ( :i* w\ld make him a full1 b actually draws1 say1 ! five ( diamonds1 :i* is useless4 ,e's h& is absolutely wor?less z x /&s4 ,he might ex*ange all five c>ds1 9 ! hope ( draw+ bett]1 b to d s w\ld be to confess 8 weakness1 & at ,pok] x is n always ! be/ h& t w9s4 ,he ex*anges "o c>d only1 leav+ x to be inf]r$ t he has ei!r two pairs1 ?rees1 f\rs1 or a flu% or sequ5ce lack+ "o c>d4 ,he disc>ds ! ?ree ( clubs1 & receives1 say1 ! ace ( spades1 leav+ 8 h& /ill wor?less4 ,! bett+ is n[ resum$4 ,9 regul> ord] x w\ld be = ,b 7! ,age7 to />t x1 b he has ! privilege1 if he s pleases1 ( hold+ ! age1 i4e4 res]v+ 8 /ake till ! o!r play]s h _h _! say4#ch ,c1 !re=e1 is ! fir/ to decl>e4 ,8 c>ds are wor?less1 & he decides to pass out4 #abh ,d has b a mod]ate h&1 = two pairs may easily be beat54 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y frequ5tly w91 & x w\ld be fooli% to %[ ! :ite fea!r until he kn[s a little m ab\t ! h&s ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,he goes five c\nt]s4 ,e1 z we h se51 has no?+4 ,he has two alt]natives1 ei!r to g out & sacrifice :at he has already /ak$1 or to endeav\r to drive o!rs out by a false pret5ce ( /r5g?4 ,decid+ = ! latt] alt]native1 he n only makes good ,d's /ake1 b goes t5 bett]1 z ?\gh he held a capital h&4 ,a has already pass$ out2 & x is1 !re=e1 ,b's turn4 ,he has ?rees1 a mu* m ?an av]age h&1 & f> too good to be driv5 out ( ! field )\t a /ruggle4 ,"u su* circum/ances two alt]natives are op5 to him4 ,he may simply make good ! la/ raise1 & say1 ,i'll see y 79 :i* case all turn up _! c>ds1 &1 hav+ ! bett] h&1 ,b w9s ! pool71 or he may be incl9$ to speculate a little fur!r4 ,he makes good ! raise1 & goes five bett]4 ,c1 x w be rememb]$1 has already pass$ out2 & ,d1 inf]r+ f ! p]si/5ce ( ,e & ,b t !y hold pretty /rong h&s1 ?9ks discretion ! bett] "p ( val\r1 & goes out also4 ,! battle is n[ solely betwe5 ,b & ,e4 ,b has a good h&1 & ,e has no?+2 b if he is a bold play]1 he may /ill w94 ,b's la/ raise1 :i* 0 to only half ! limit1 t5ds to indicate t he has n a v /rong h&1 & p]haps a little bluff+ 7z ! bett+ ^u a wor?less h& is call$7 may fright5 him out ( ! field4 ,accord+ly1 ,e n only makes good ,b's raise1 b aga9 goes ! maximum 7t57 bett]4 ,unless ,e has ! reputation 7a v undesirable "o7 #abi ( a habitual bluff]1 ,b w probably beg9 to feel al>m$4 ,e's repeat$ raises1 c\pl$ ) ! fact t he only drew "o c>d--a sign ( a pretty /rong h&--sugge/ t he holds probably f\rs1 if n a full1 sequ5ce1 or flu%1 ei!r ( :i* w\ld put ,b out ( ! runn+4 ,he is aga9 confront$ ) ! same alt]natives--viz4 to make good ,e's raise & see him 79 :i* case ,b w\ld w972 to g bett]1 :i* seems haz>d\s2 or to pass out1 !reby avoid+ ! necessity ( mak+ good ! la/ raise4 ,if he is a timid play]1 he may possibly 7ei!r at ?is /age or lat]7 adopt ! latt] c\rse1 9 :i* case ,e takes ! pool )\t %[+ 8 c>ds1 !reby conceal+ ! fact t !y 7 wor?less4 ,?is privilege is v important1 = bluff+ is an ess5tial "p ( ! game ( ,pok]1 & to bluff ) success dep5ds ma9ly on ! adv]s>ies' ignorance ( ! habitual t5d5cies ( ! play] 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,if a play] is kn[n to be 9 ! habit ( bluff+1 he does s at a great disadvantage4 ,! man :o c bluff mo/ successfully is ! /eady-go+ play] ) :om high /akes are ! usual indication ( good c>ds4 ,:5 su* a "o beg9s to plunge1 ! o!r play]s are apt to place !mselves 9 ! position ( ! coon sight$ by ! crack m>ksman 9 ! ,am]ican /ory1 ,don't fire2 ,i'll come d[n4 ,obvi\sly1 to expose ! c>ds on :i* a play] has be5 /eadily rais+ all competitors1 & reveal ! fact t1 in/ead ( ! expect$ full1 or flu%1 !re is n ev5 a solit>y pair among !m1 w\ld t5d heavily to disc\nt ! effectiv5ess ( ! same play]'s bluff+ 9 a subsequ5t r\nd4 ,h5ce ! #acj rule ( n %[+ ! c>ds 9 su* a case1 :i* is always adh]$ to4 ,! probabilities ( receiv+ by ! deal "o or o!r ( ! ,pok] comb9ations are ?us /at$ by ,cav5di%3 ,odds aga9/ a /raight flu% #fdi1iii to #a f\rs #d1afd to #a a full #fic to #a a flu% #ejg to #a a /raight #bed to #a triplets #de to #a two pairs #bj to #a "o pair #ac to #aj ,x is obvi\s t ! privilege ( fill+ ! h&s t5ds greatly to dim9i% ^! odds aga9/ any giv5 h& 7say by "o-half1 z ! play] may if he pleases h t5 in/ead ( five *ances71 b ! relative frequ5cy ( ! h&s w rema9 pretty mu* ! same4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! consid]ations above sugge/$1 x is obvi\s t ! ultimate *ances are 9 fav\r ( hold+ a pair1 & z ea* play] has ! same *ance1 a pair1 & p>ticul>ly a l[ pair1 is b a poor h&4 ,f ?is to two pairs is a long /ep1 & a play] :o inv>iably held triplets w\ld1 9 ! long run1 be a heavy w9n]4 ,a =tiori1 any h& above ?is limit /&s to w91 & %\ld be back$ accord+ly4 ,! small] ! numb] ( play]s1 ! m freely may a fair h& be back$1 z !re is ! less probability ( its be+ surpass$ by o!r play]s4 ,9 draw+ to a pair1 if "o ( ! indiff]5t c>ds %\ld be an ace or c\rt c>d1 ?is c>d %\ld be reta9$1 & only ! o!r two ex*ang$4 ,hold+ ?rees1 ! play] may please himself :e!r to draw two c>ds or "o only1 b ! #aca latt] is pref]able1 z giv+ less in=mation to ! enemy4 ,) f\rs1 ! odd c>d %\ld always be ex*ang$1 = ! same reason4 ,! h& _c be improv$ by ! ex*ange1 b ! adv]s>ies are left 9 unc]ta9ty z to its value4 ,hold+ f\r ( ! ne$ful c>ds to make a flu% or /raight1 ! play] %\ld g 91 & ex*ange "o c>d1 9 ! hope ( complet+ ! desir$ comb9ation4 ,) less ?an five c>ds1 ! attempt has b little *ance ( success4 ,,! ,,/raddle4 ,9 ,pok] z orig9ally play$1 !re 0 no raise prior to ! fill+ ( ! h&s4 ,ea* play] :o w5t 9 simply put up ! d\ble ante1 & all fur!r /ak+ 0 susp5d$ until ! h&s _h be5 fill$4 ,b su* a comp>atively sl[ proc$ure did n suit ! m g-ahead play]s1 & ! /raddle 0 inv5t$ to accommodate !m4 ,?is que] t]m is ano!r "n = d\bl+4 ,! privilege ( />t+ a /raddle 0 conf9$ to ! play] to ! left ( ! ,age4 ,assum+ t ! ,age _h put up "o c\nt] by way ( ante1 ! next play]1 in/ead ( putt+ up two1 w\ld put up f\r1 say+1 ,i /raddle y4 ,! next play] may 9 l mann] /raddle ! /raddl]1 putt+ up eight c\nt]s1 & s on1 up to ! limit1 :i* mu/ n be ov]pass$4 ,%\ld any play]1 h[ev]1 omit to ex]cise ! "r 9 8 turn1 x is !reby ext+ui%$1 & _c be ex]cis$ by any subsequ5t play]4 ,:]e x is p]mitt$ to play]s to raise on ! #acb ante be=e fill+ ! h&1 ! /raddle ceases to h any importance1 & is n usually recognis$4 ,,jack-,,pots4 ,?is is "o ( ! late/ innovations 9 ! game ( ,draw ,pok]1 & 9 ,new ,york is accept$ z an integral "p ( ! game4 ,x 0 inv5t$ to meet ! n unfrequ5t case ( ! :ole table decl9+ to g 91 9 :i* case ! ,age simply repocket$ 8 ante1 & ! deal pass$1 nobody be+ ei!r ! bett] or ! worse4 ,9 su* a case1 in/ead ( ! ,age )draw+ ! ante1 ea* ( ! o!r play]s puts up a l am\nt 7s+le1 n d\ble74 ,! c>ds are !n dealt by ! next play]4 ,!re is 9 ?is case no ,age1 b any play] :o *ances to hold a pair ( jacks1 or any?+ bett] 7accord+ to ! scale already giv571 puts d[n any /ake he pleases2 !reby op5+ ! jack-pot1 z x is call$4 ,! play] to 8 left mu/ ei!r make good ! /ake or g out1 & s on r\nd ! table 9 ! usual way1 any play] hav+ ! privilege ( rais+1 9 :i* case ! raise mu/ be made good by ! o!r /&+ play]s4 ,& s ! r\nd proce$s1 till "s "o br+s x to an end by call+1 i4e4 decl>+ t he w see 8 pr$ecessors1 :5 ! be/ h& w9s4 ,%\ld no "o g 9 save ! orig9al op5] ( ! jack-pot1 he takes ! pool2 b 9 ?is case he is b\nd to %[1 to preclude fraud1 t 8 c>ds really did include a pair ( jacks1 or "s high] comb9ation4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 happ5 t ! second r\nd passes )\t any play] hold+ ! ne$ful c>ds #acc to op5 ! jack-pot4#ci ,9 su* case ea* play] puts ano!r *ip 9 ! pool1 & !re is a fre% deal by ano!r play]4 ,?is is repeat$ until ! jack-pot is actually op5$4 ,,table ,,/akes4 ,^! are n[ made ! rule by _m play]s1 & ! practice is a :olesome "o4 ,! t]m signifies t ea* play] puts on ! table be=e him 7ei!r 9 ca%1 or 9 c\nt]s = :i* ca% has be5 paid71 ! :ole am\nt he int5ds risk+1 & _c be rais$ to any great] am\nt4 ,if a play] has no money on ! table1 he mu/ ei!r make good ! defici5cy be=e tak+ up 8 c>ds1 or retire f ! game4 ,= ! reasons previ\sly /at$1 !re is no univ]sally accept$ code ( ,laws = ,pok]4 ,= a code :i* is believ$ to repres5t ! mo/ usual practice 9 ! cases = :i* x provides1 ! read] may be ref]r$ to ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games4 ,ano!r set ( laws w be f\nd 9 ,r\nd ,games1 by ,cav5di% 7,de ,la ,rue ,co474 ,we n[ proce$ to discuss ! alt]native v]sions ( ! game4 ,fir/ 9 ord] comes-- #acd ,,/raight ,,pok]4 ,?is game1 sometimes kn[n z ,bluff1 diff]s f ,draw ,pok] 9 sev]al p>ticul>s--viz43 #a4 ,!re is no fill+ ( h&s1 ea* play] reta9+ ! c>ds fir/ dealt to him4 #b4 ,ea* p]son puts up an agre$ am\nt by way ( ante4 ,z a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 x is frequ5tly arrang$ t ea* play] 9 turn puts 9 = all4 ,to avoid dispute z to ^: turn x may be a pocket-knife1 kn[n z ! buck1 is pass$ r\nd1 re/+ ) ! play] ^: turn x is to *ip = ! rema9d]4 ,hav+ done 8 duty1 he passes ! buck to 8 neighb\r on ! left1 :o *ips = ! next deal1 & passes ! buck to 8 next neighb\r1 & s on 9 rotation4 #c4 ,! eld] h&1 or ,age1 has no privilege4 #d4 ,! deal passes1 n 9 rotation1 b to ! play] :o takes ! pool4 #e4 ,any play] may pass1 & come 9 aga91 unless "s o!r play] has rais$ 9 ! meantime1 9 :i* case he is exclud$4 #f4 ,if all pass1 or if !re is a misdeal1 !re is a fre% contribution to ! pool1 & ! eld] h& deals4 ,! pool is !n kn[n z a d\ble head]4 ,9 all o!r respects 7z to rais+1 see+1 c471 ! game is play$ precisely z ,draw ,pok]4 ,,/ud ,,pok]4 ,?is is a special =m ( ,/raight ,pok]4 ,its ess5tial diff]5ce is t "o c>d only ( ea* #ace h& is dealt face d[nw>ds1 ! rema9+ f\r be+ dealt face upw>ds4 ,( c\rse1 ! value ( ! h& dep5ds 9 great degree on ! nature ( ! conceal$ c>d4 ,! play]s1 beg9n+ ) ! eld] h&1 make _! /akes1 raise1 c41 z at ! ord9>y game1 till ei!r all b "o h pass$ out1 or "s play] decides to see 8 adv]s>ies4 ,! conceal$ c>ds are !n turn$ up1 & ! /ronge/ h& takes ! pool4 ,,:iskey ,,pok]4 ,?is is a family v]sion ( ,pok]4 ,ea* play] puts 9 ! pool an agre$ am\nt by way ( ante4 ,five c>ds are !n dealt to ea* play]1 ) an extra h&1 kn[n z ! wid[4 ,! eld] h& may ei!r play 8 own h&1 pass1 or take ! wid[4 ,if he adopts ei!r ( ! =m] alt]natives1 ! next play] has a simil> option1 & s on till "s "o elects to take ! wid[4 ,he takes ! sp>e h&1 & lays 8 own on ! table face upw>ds4 ,! next 9 ord] is entitl$ to take 9 ei!r ( ! expos$ c>ds1 disc>d+ 9 its place "o ( 8 own1 :i* is add$ to ! rema9+ f\r on ! table4 ,! next play] has a l *oice1 & s on r\nd & r\nd1 till "s play] is cont5t ) 8 h&1 :i* he signifies by a knock on ! table4 ,ea* ( ! o!r play]s may /ill make "o m ex*ange1 aft] :i* ! c>ds are expos$1 & ! be/ h& takes ! pool4 ,%\ld any play] knock be=e ! wid[ is tak51 ! five c>ds are turn$ up1 & ea* play] 7o!r ?an ! "o :o knock$7 has "o draw f !m4 ,%\ld ! r\nd ( ! table h #acf be5 made )\t any "o tak+ ! wid[1 ! five c>ds are turn$ up1 & ! play]s draw f !m 9 rotation until "s "o expresses himself cont5t4 ,!re is 9 ?is case no rais+ or bett+ on ! h&s1 ! /akes consi/+ solely ( ! am\nt orig9ally plac$ 9 ! pool4 ,,mi/igris4 ,?is is a v>iation :i* may be introduc$ into any v]sion ( ,pok]4 ,mi/igris is ! blank c>d usually sold ) a pack to %[ its patt]n4 ,?is is %uffl$ ) ! re/1 & ! =tunate play] to :om x falls is entitl$ to make x repres5t any suit & value he pleases4 ,?us if he has ?ree sev5s & mi/igris1 mi/igris w repres5t ! miss+ sev51 & make him f\rs4 ,9 conjunction ) two pairs1 x makes ! h& a full4 ,if ! play] has f\r he>ts & mi/igris1 he c claim a flu%2 & %\ld 8 f\r he>ts be 9 sequ5ce1 he is consid]$ to hold a /raight flu%1 ! my/ic mi/igris repres5t+ ! p>ticul> c>d requir$ to complete x4 ,,! ,,tig]4 ,! ,tig] consi/s ( ! l[e/ /raight t c be made1 & reckons z "o degree bett] ?an an ord9>y /raight4 ,x is a rec5t innovation1 & is wisely ignor$ by ! majority ( play]s4 99 99 99 99 99 #acg ,,pope ,,joan4 ,illu/ration3 ,pope ,joan ,bo>d4 ,?is 0 =m]ly a v fav\rite r\nd game1 b ( late ye>s is r>ely met )4 ,x is play$ ) a pack ( fifty-two c>ds1 f :i* ! eight ( diamonds 7= a reason :i* w pres5tly appe>7 has be5 remov$1 & ) a special bo>d1 consi/+ ( a circul> tray revolv+ r\nd a c5tre pill>1 & divid$ into eight comp>tm5ts1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 respectively m>k$ #ach ,pope 7! n9e ( diamonds71 ,matrimony1 ,intrigue1 ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave & ,game4 ,matrimony signifies ! comb9ation 9 ! same h& ( k+ & que5 ( ! trump suit2 ,intrigue t ( knave & que54 ,ea* play] is provid$ ) ?ree or f\r doz5 c\nt]s be>+ an agre$ value4 ,!re is a prelim9>y deal r\nd ) fac$ c>ds1 & ! play] to :om ! fir/ knave falls becomes fir/ deal]1 & has ! privilege ( dress+ ! bo>d1 i4e4 ( pay+ f 8 own /ore1 & di/ribut+ betwe5 ! v>i\s divisions fifte5 c\nt]s1 z "u3 ,six to ,pope1 two to ,matrimony1 two to ,intrigue1 & "o ea* to ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 ,knave & ,game4#dj ,! c>ds1 hav+ be5 %uffl$ & cut1 are dealt r\nd "o by "o1 b ) an extra h&1 ?is la/ t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! table1 fac+ ! deal]4 ,! la/ c>d ( ! pack is turn$ up to decide ! trump suit4 ,%\ld ! turn-up be ,pope 7n9e ( diamonds71 or an ace1 k+1 que5 or knave1 ! deal] is entitl$ to all ! c\nt]s 9 ! correspond+ comp>tm5t ( ! bo>d4 ,! play] to ! left ( ! deal] leads any c>d he pleases1 at ! same "t nam+ x4 ,we w suppose t su* c>d is ! ?ree ( diamonds4 ,! play] :o *ances to hold ! f\r !reupon plays & names x2 !n ! p]sons hold+ ! five1 six & sev5 play !m 9 l mann]4 ,9 any o!r suit x w\ld be possible to cont9ue ) ! eight1 b ! eight ( diamonds1 z we h /at$1 is remov$ f ! pack4 ,?is makes ! #aci sev5 :at is call$ a /op1 i4e4 ! run ( t p>ticul> lead c be cont9u$ no fur!r1 & ! play] ( ! sev5 is entitl$ to lead aga94 ,b besides ! p]man5t removal ( ! eight ( diamonds1 x w be rememb]$ t a c]ta9 numb] ( c>ds 7 dealt z an extra h&4 ,we w suppose t su* c>ds 7 ! two1 five & n9e ( spades1 ! six & t5 ( he>ts1 ! knave ( diamonds1 & ! k+ ( clubs4 ,^! be+ )drawn f circulation make ! c>ds imm$iately prec$+ !m 7viz41 ! ace1 f\r & eight ( spades1 ! five & n9e ( he>ts1 ! t5 ( diamonds1 & ! que5 ( clubs7 /ops also4#da ,z play proce$s o!r c>ds also w become /ops1 by reason ( ! c>ds next foll[+ !m hav+ be5 already play$4 ,?us1 9 ! case suppos$1 ( ! ?ree ( diamonds be+ l$1 ! two ( diamonds !nce=? becomes a /op1 & ! hold] %\ld note ! fact = 8 subsequ5t guidance4 ,all k+s are necess>ily /ops1 z be+ ! highe/ c>ds ( _! respective suits4 ,:5ev]1 9 c\rse ( play1 ! ace1 k+1 que5 or knave ( ! trump suit appe>s1 ! hold] is entitl$ to ! c\nt]s 9 ! correspond+ comp>tm5t ( ! bo>d4 ,%\ld knave & que51 or que5 & k+ ( trumps fall f ! same h&1 ! hold] is entitl$ to ! proce$s ( ,intrigue or ,matrimony1 z ! case may be4 ,any "o play+ ,pope is entitl$ to all ! c\nt]s 9 ! #adj correspond+ division4 ,unless actually play$1 ! above c>ds h no value1 save t ! hold+ ( ,pope 7unplay$7 exempts ! possessor f pay+ = any surplus c>ds z h]e9aft] m5tion$4 ,! game proce$s z above describ$ until "s "o ( ! play]s is out1 i4e4 has got rid ( all 8 c>ds4 ,by s do+ he becomes entitl$ to all ! c\nt]s 9 ! ,game comp>tm5t ( ! bo>d1 & to receive 9 addition f ea* ( ! o!r play]s "o c\nt] = ea* c>d su* play] may h left 9 h&1 save t ! hold] ( ,pope is exempt f paym5t4 ,if ,pope is play$1 ! exemption ceases4 ,! skill ( ! play] w be %[n 9 8 ke5ness to note1 on ! "o h&1 :i* ( ! c>ds are or become /ops1 & on ! o!r1 :at c>ds _c be l$ to1 & :i*1 !re=e1 x is exp$i5t to get rid ( z soon z possible4 ,at ! outset1 ! only kn[n c>ds :i* _c be l$ to are ! f\r aces1 ,pope 7! removal ( ! eight ( diamonds be+ purposely design$ to place ! n9e 9 t position71 & ! c>d next high] ?an ! turn-up 7! next l[] be+ a /op74 ,b ! li/ increases z ! game goes on4 ,if ! n9e ( he>ts is decl>$ to be a /op by reason ( ! t5 be+ 9 ! surplus h&1 x is cle> t ! knave _c be l$ to1 & mu/ itself be l$ 9 ord] to get rid ( x4 ,sequ5ces are valuable1 inasmu* z !y enable ! play] to get rid ( two1 ?ree or m c>ds simultane\sly4 ,ne>ly1 b n q1 z useful are alt]nate sequ5ces1 z sev51 n9e1 knave4 ,! l[e/ %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be l$4 ,:e!r ! c>d proves to be a /op or n1 ! lead] c /ill #ada cont9ue ! sequ5ce1 subject to ! cont+5cy ( "s o!r play] go+ out ) "o ( ! int]m$iate c>ds4 ,a sequ5ce or alt]nate sequ5ce t]m9at+ ) k+ =ms a v /rong lead4 ,next to ^!1 & to kn[n /ops1 ! l[] ( two pretty close c>ds ( ! same suit 7z ?ree & six1 ?ree & sev51 or f\r & eight7 %\ld be l$2 especially if ! high] is kn[n or believ$ to be a /op4 ,aft] ^! ! l[e/ c>d ( ! longe/ suit1 especially if an ace4 ,pope1 z we h se51 c only be play$ :5 ! hold] has ! lead2 & x is usually well1 !re=e1 to play x at ! fir/ opportunity1 fir/1 h[ev]1 play+ out any kn[n /ops4 ,! unclaim$ c\nt]s 9 ea* comp>tm5t are left to accumulate4 ,9 ! case ( ,matrimony & ,intrigue1 a :ole ev5+ may occasionally pass )\t ! necess>y comb9ations ( c>ds be+ play$ f ! same h&1 & ^! comp>tm5ts !re=e frequ5tly become v ri*4 ,! c\nt]s 9 ,pope1 or "o or m ( ! ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que5 & ,knave comp>tm5ts may 9 l mann] be unclaim$ dur+ sev]al r\nds4 ,! be/ me?od ( dispos+ ( any su* unclaim$ c\nt]s at ! close ( ! game is to deal a f9al r\nd face upw>ds 7)\t ! surplus h&72 ! hold]s ( ,pope1 & ( ! ace1 k+1 que5 & knave ( ! diamond suit 7:i* 9 ?is case is reg>d$ z ! trump suit7 be+ entitl$ to ! c\nt]s 9 ! correspond+ comp>tm5ts4 ,! hold] ( ! que5 takes1 9 addition1 half ! am\nt 9 ,matrimony & 9 ,intrigue1 ! rema9+ halves go+ to ! hold]s ( ! k+ & knave respectively4 99 99 99 99 99 #adb ,,solo ,,:i/4 ,solo ,:i/ has features 9 common ) bo? ,:i/ & ,napoleon1 & z bo? ^! games are describ$ 9 ! pres5t volume1 x w only be necess>y to briefly /ate ! po9ts ( resemblance4 ,l ,:i/1 x is play$ ) ! full pack ( fifty-two c>ds1 :i* range 9 value f ace1 highe/1 to deuce1 l[e/2 ! la/ or fifty-second c>d be+ turn$ up to fix ! trump suit4 ,tricks are made z at ,:i/1 & =m ! basis ( ! score4 ,! aff9ity to ,napoleon is traceable 9 ! v>i\s calls t ! play]s make1 & 9 ! fur!r fact t e h& is a sep>ate game1 ^u :i* /akes are won & lo/4 ,solo ,:i/1 h[ev]1 possesses special features ( its own--viz41 t ! p>tn]%ips or comb9ations are always *ang+ r\nd aft] r\nd1 & t !re is a special call nam$ ,mis]e1#db :i* is a decl>ation to lose ! :ole ( ! ?irte5 tricks4 ,,description ,,( ,,! ,,game4 ,! objects ( ,solo ,:i/ are--to make eight tricks out ( ! ?irte5 9 conjunction ) a p>tn]2 #adc to make five or n9e tricks out ( y\r own h& aga9/ ! o!r ?ree play]s 9 comb9ation2 or to play y\r own h& s z to avoid tak+ a trick1 h[ev] /r5u\sly y\r ?ree adv]s>ies may endeav\r to =ce y to d s4 ,! c>ds are dealt r\nd to ! f\r play]s1 ?ree c>ds at a "t1 until !re are only f\r rema9+4 ,!n ^! are dealt s+ly1 ! la/ c>d be+ turn$ up z ! trump1 & be+ ! prop]ty ( ! deal]4 ,! elde/ h&1 i4e4 ! play] on ! deal]'s left1 has ! fir/ call4 ,he c propose1 i4e4 ask = a p>tn] ) ! object ( mak+ ) t p>tn] eight ( ! ?irte5 tricks2 he c call a solo1 :i* is a decl>ation to make five ( ! ?irte5 tricks )\t hav+ a p>tn]2 he c decl>e mis]e1 i4e4 to lose all ! ?irte5 tricks--9 ?is phase ( ! game all ! f\r suits are equal1 ! trump suit be+ annull$2 or he c call abondance1 :51 mak+ :atev] suit he likes trumps1 & decl>+ ! suit be=e ! fir/ c>d is l$1 he endeav\rs to make n9e tricks out ( ! ?irte54 ,! call ( abondance is1 h[ev]1 sup]s$$ by any o!r play] decl>+ to make abondance 9 trumps1 i4e4 ) ! trump suit z x /&s4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 he may call an op5 mis]e1 or mis]e ouv]te1 !reby und]tak+ n only to lose all ! ?irte5 tricks1 b to expose 8 own c>ds on ! table z soon z ! fir/ trick is play$ to & turn$4 ,or--! supreme call ( all--he may ann\nce 8 int5tion ( tak+ ! :ole ?irte5 tricks by say+1 ,abondance decl>ee4 ,9 ?is case z 9 ! simple abondance1 he names 8 own trump suit1 & 9 ! case ( ?is decl>ation1 & ?is only1 he leads1 :]ev] he may *ance to sit1 ! #add orig9al lead to ! fir/ trick 9 all o!r cases com+ f ! elde/ h&4 ,!re are ?us six ?+s ! elde/ h& may d aft] he has exam9$ 8 c>ds1 & 9 %[+ :at ! elde/ h& c d we h expla9$ :at ! v>i\s calls are4 ,recapitulat+ !m 9 due ord] ( value1 !y are--proposition & acceptance :5 two play]s 7:]ev] !y sit71 und]take to make eight ( ! ?irte5 tricks aga9/ ! o!r two 9 p>tn]%ip2 a solo1 :]e ! call] to w9 mu/ take five tricks at lea/1 ! suit orig9ally turn$ up be+ trumps2 ! mis]e1 ! abondance1 & ! two exceptional calls1 :i* h already be5 suffici5tly describ$4 ,! elde/ h& may n1 h[ev]1 h c>ds t w\ld ju/ify 8 attempt+ ei!r ( ! ?+s specifi$4 ,9 t case he says1 ,i pass2 & "h x may be obs]v$ t1 9 ! case ( ! elde/ h&1 & to ! elde/ h& only :o has pass$1 !re is ext5d$ ! privilege ( accept+ a proposition made by ! second1 ?ird1 or f\r? play]s1 su* proposition1 ( c\rse1 n hav+ be5 previ\sly accept$ or sup]s$$ by a high] call4 ,! second h&1 ^: turn x n[ is to decl>e1 may accept a proposal if "o has be5 made1 may propose if ! elde/ h& has pass$1 or may make any bett] call ?an ! elde/ h& has made4 ,( c\rse1 an inf]ior call is nugatory1 i4e4 a play] _c call a solo if a previ\s h& has call$ a mis]e4 ,! high] call always sup]s$es ! l[] "o1 b a play]1 hav+ once call$1 c1 if he is ov]-call$1 increase 8 call up to ! highe/ limit--! abondance decl>ee4 ,! ?ird h& c accept a proposition if "o #ade has be5 made & has n be5 accept$ or sup]s$$1 c propose if no proposition or high] call has be5 made1 or c make any call sup]ior to ^? previ\sly decl>$4 ,! f\r? play]--! deal]--may accept a proposition com+ f any qu>t] "u ! previ\sly ann\nc$ /ipulations2 or he may propose1 9 :i* case only ! elde/ h& c accept2 or he may make an indep5d5t call1 provid$ x is bett] ?an any prec$+ call4 ,! matt] may be ?us illu/rat$3 suppose ! elde/ h& passes1 ! second proposes1 ! ?ird & f\r? pass1 & ! elde/ h& accepts1 !n--call+ !m ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 accord+ to _! ord] at table--,a1 ,b w\ld be p>tn]s aga9/ ,c1 ,d1 & w\ld be oblig$ to make eight ( ! ?irte5 tricks4 ,!y w\ld occupy _! orig9al seats & play 9 _! prop] ord]1 ,b foll[+ ,a to ! fir/ trick1 & ! regul> progression f left to "r be+ obs]v$ all ?r\gh ! h&4 ,aga9 we w suppose t ,a propos$1 ,b pass$1 ,c call$ mis]e1 & ! f\r? play] 7,d7 call$ an abondance4 ,! calls ( ,a & ,c w\ld be sup]s$$1 unless1 inde$1 ,a %\ld call an abondance 9 trumps1 :i* w\ld sup]s$e ! abondance ( ,d 9 a pla9 suit2 or ,c %\ld call a mis]e ouv]te1 :i* w\ld sup]s$e ! o!r calls2 ?\gh ,d w\ld /ill h ! option1 if 8 h& 7 /rong en\gh to ju/ify x1 ( mak+ ! supreme call ( abondance decl>ee4 ,we w assume t ,d's call ( abondance 0 left un*all5g$1 & 9 t case he w\ld !n1 b n be=e1 ann\nce ! suit t he made trumps1 & ,a1 ! play] on 8 left1 w\ld lead out = ! fir/ trick4 ,a1 ,b1 & ,c play+ toge!r #adf 9 conc]t1 b n1 ( c\rse1 be+ all[$ to see ea* o!r's c>ds1 or 9 any way to acqua9t ea* o!r ) ! c>ds held1 except by ! legitimate & prop] means af=d$ by ! play ( ! h&4 ,d's object is n[ to make n9e tricks unaid$1 & ! aim ( 8 oppon5ts is to score m ?an f\r tricks betwe5 !m4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 an abondance1 l a solo or a proposition1 succe$s ) two or ?ree tricks to sp>e4 ,^! are call$ ov] tricks1 & are paid = accord+ to an agre$-^u scale4 ,on ! o!r h&1 any tricks %ort ( ! numb] requir$ by ! call] are kn[n z "u tricks1 & are paid = by ! call] 9 ! mann] we w %ortly describe4 ,be=e pass+ to o!r matt]s1 x is necess>y to draw att5tion to "s important facts to be impress$ ^u ! memory3 7#a7 t no play]1 aft] hav+ pass$1 c make an indep5d5t call or a proposition2 7#b7 t only ! elde/ h& c accept a proposition aft] hav+ once pass$2 7#c7 t a sup]ior call always annuls & sup]s$es a call ( inf]ior value2 & 7#d7 t a play] hav+ once made a call1 may increase x to any?+ up to ! supreme call4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t a call]1 9 increas+ 8 decl>ation1 c make any high] call he *ooses4 ,?us1 %\ld he propose1 or ev5 accept1 & be ov]call$ by a solo1 he w\ld be at lib]ty to at once call an abondance decl>ee1 & skip all ! decl>ations ( int]m$iate value4 ,9 ! case ( all ! play]s pass+1 ! c>ds are ?r[n up1 & !re is a fre% deal by ! next play] 9 rotation4 ,x is sometimes arrang$1 h[ev]1 r ?an ?r[ up a h& t has be5 #adg dealt1 to play :at is call$ a g5]al mis]e4 ,?is is v simple 9 its =m1 b by no means s easy to play z x appe>s to be4 ,!re are no trumps4 ,! tricks are l$ & foll[$ to 9 ! usual way1 & ! play] :o takes ! la/ or ?irte5? trick pays an agre$ /ake1 equal z a rule to ! /ake ( a solo1 to ea* ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! big c>ds are ?r[n away1 b x is (t5 necess>y to keep "o or m lead+ c>ds to =ce ?r\gh a suit 9 :i* y may be dang]\s4 ,,! ,,/akes4 ,^! are proportion$ to ! value ( ! calls2 t is to say1 !y progress f l[ to high1 j z ! v>i\s calls progress f l[ to high4 ,x is cu/om>y1 & di/9ctly advisable1 to play ,solo ,:i/ = small regul> /akes4 ,"o =m ( ! game is kn[n z six1 twelve1 & eighte54 ,?is means t propositions & solos are paid = at #f;d4 ea*1 mis]es at #as41 & abondances at #as4 #f;d4 ,! proposition & acceptance be+ play$ & succe$+1 ! p>tn]s receive #f;d4 ea* if !y make eight tricks1 & #a;d4 ea* = e trick ov] eight4 ,if !y1 h[ev]1 make a slam1 t is to say1 get ! :ole ?irte5 tricks1 !y w\ld receive #as4 #d;d41 t is1 d\ble = ! ov]-tricks--five ov]-tricks at #b;d4 ea* #aj;d41 & #f;d4 = ! orig9al decl>ation4 ,%\ld !y fail to make eight tricks1 !y pay _! oppon5ts #f;d4 ea*1 & #a;d4 = ea* "u-trick1 t is1 e trick "u eight4 ,x w be se5 t !y c ea* w9 ! #f;d4 exactly1 b if !y lose !y mu/ lose #g;d4 ea*1 or m4 ,x is #adh q und]/ood t1 9 ! case ( a proposition & acceptance1 ea* p>tn] only receives or pays once--t is1 suppose ,a & ,b are play+ aga9/ ,c & ,d1 ,a pays to or receives f ,c1 & ,b pays to or receives f ,d4 ,?is proposition is ! only jo9t call1 all o!r phases ( ! game be+ individual calls1 9 :i* "o play]1 ! decl>+ h&1 pits himself aga9/ ! o!r ?ree4 ,9 ^! cases1 !re=e1 ! /akes are paid to or by e "o ( ! ?ree adv]s>ies4 ,! l[e/ ( ! individual calls1 ! solo1 w\ld !re=e e>n him :o made x #as4 #f;d41 or m--t is1 ! ?ree sixp5ces1 ) ov]-tricks or n1 z ! case might be2 & 9 ! ev5t ( 8 fail+ to make five tricks1 x w\ld co/ him #as4 #i;d41 or m1 t is1 ?ree sixp5ces1 ) #c;d4 7or m7 = ! "u-tricks4 ,! mis]e co/s #as41 nei!r m nor less1 !re=e ! call] risks los+ #cs4 9 call+ mis]e4 ,if he makes ! decl>ation1 he receives #as4 f ea* ( ! o!rs2 if he fails1 he pays #as4 ea*4 ,!re are 9 ?is case no ov] or "u-tricks1 ! mis]e hav+ to be play$ "r out to w91 & be+ defeat$ directly ! call] has to take a trick4 ,next 9 importance comes ! abondance1 9 :i* ! /ake is #as4 #f;d41 & x is n uncommon "h to d\ble ! value ( ! ov]-tricks1 b n ( ! "u-tricks4 ,?is mu/ be a matt] ( arrangem5t4 ,a play] mak+ t5 tricks w\ld1 ) d\ble ov]-tricks1 receive #as4 #h;d4 f ea*1 &1 if he only made eight tricks1 w\ld pay #as4 #g;d4 ea*4 ,an abondance 9 trumps is ( ! same money value z ano!r abondance1 ?\gh ! trump call sup]s$es ! call 9 pla9 suits4 ,) #adi x we rea* ! limit ( ord9>y calls2 b x %\ld be said t ! mis]e ouv]te is d\ble ! price ( ! ord9>y mis]e1 & ! abondance decl>ee d\ble ! price ( ! ord9>y abondance4 ,!re are no "u-tricks at ! call ( an abondance decl>ee1 z ! call] is beat5 directly he loses a trick4 ,y c make ! /akes :atev] y l1 only x is well to pres]ve ! proportions j laid d[n4 ,?us y c h propositions & solos #a;d41 mis]es #b;d41 & abondances #c;d42 or y c make !m #as41 #bs41 & #cs4 respectively1 ) #c;d4 ea* = ov]-tricks4 ,we ne$ sc>cely say t y c sub/itute sov]eigns = %ill+s1 b n to ! advantage ( ! game 9 g5]al company4 ,a ,,dige/ ,,( ,,! ,,laws4 ,solo ,:i/ is n yet =tunate en\gh to possess an e/abli%$ code ( laws hav+ univ]sal au?ority4 ,probably ! be/ & fulle/ rules = ! game are ^? giv5 9 ,h[ to ,play ,solo ,:i/1 by ,abraham ,s4 ,wilks & ,*>les ,f4 ,p>don 7,*atto & ,w9dus74 ,we app5d1 h[ev]1 an epitome ( _! m important provisions4 ,! c>ds mu/ be %uffl$ by ! play] on ! deal]'s left2 ! deal] may !n %uffle if he likes1 & ! pack is cut by ! play] to ! "r ( ! deal]4 ,a fre% deal is necess>y if a c>d is expos$ or fac$ 9 ! pack1 or if !re is a misdeal4 ,?is new deal is by ! same play]1 & !re is no p5alty4 #aej ,! trump c>d mu/ be left expos$ on ! table until aft] ! fir/ trick is turn$ & quitt$1 b ! deal] may play x to ! fir/ trick if he c legally d s4 ,:5 ! trump c>d has be5 tak5 up1 x mu/ n be nam$1 al?\gh--except :5 a mis]e is be+ play$--any "o may ask1 & mu/ be told1 :at is ! trump suit4 ,!re is no p5alty if ! call] ( a solo1 mis]e1 or abondance exposes any or all ( 8 c>ds1 ! exposure be+ 9 ?is case to 8 own disadvantage4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 p5alties if any "o play+ aga9/ a s+le call]1 or = or aga9/ a proposition1 exposes any ( 8 c>ds4 ,if a c>d is expos$ by "o ( ! adv]s>ies ( a mis]e or mis]e ouv]te1 ! mis]e-call] c imm$iately claim ! /akes1 & is reg>d$ z hav+ won ! decl>ation1 ! /akes be+ paid by ! (f5d] = himself & 8 p>tn]s4 ,! mis]e-call] c en=ce ! same p5alty if a c>d is l$ out ( turn aga9/ him1 or if a revoke is made aga9/ him1 or1 inde$1 if any "o foll[s suit out ( turn4 ,x %\ld be said t an expos$ c>d is a c>d t is plac$ face upw>ds on ! table1 or ! face ( :i* c be se5 by any ( ! play]s except him to :om ! c>d belongs4 ,! aggriev$ p>ty c dem& t ! c>d be play$ or n be play$1 i4e4 he c say1 ,foll[ suit or play ! ---- 7nam+ ! expos$ c>d71 & ?is dem& c be repeat$ z long z ! expos$ c>d rema9s unplay$4 ,if ! expos$ c>d is a trump1 & trumps are n l$1 ! adv]s>y may say1 ,foll[ suit or pass ! trick1 :5 ! hold] ( ! #aea expos$ c>d mu/ n trump1 b mu/ r5\nce a c>d ( ano!r suit if he _c foll[4 ,! (f5d] _c be prev5t$ f ?r[+ away an expos$ c>d if he has n a c>d ( ! l$ suit1 or f lead+ x :5 x is 8 turn to lead1 except aga9/ a solo or abondance1 :5 he may be repeat$ly prohibit$ f lead+ x4 ,:5 ! suit expos$ is l$ by "s "o o!r ?an ! (f5d]1 ! adv]s>y may say to him :o expos$ ! c>d1 ,play--or ,don't--play t c>d2 or he c make him play ei!r ! highe/ or l[e/ ( 8 suit to ! lead4 ,a suit _c be call$ = expos+ a c>d2 ! p5alty kn[n z call+ a suit is exact$ :5 a man leads out ( 8 turn4 ,if a play] does lead out ( 8 turn1 ! c>d may be treat$ z an expos$ c>d by ! adv]s>ies if !y *oose1 or !y may call a suit f ei!r ! man :o expos$ ! c>d or 8 p>tn] :5 next ei!r ( !m has to lead2 & any su* dem& mu/ be compli$ )1 "u p5alty ( a revoke4 ,9 exact+ any ( ^! p5alties1 ! p>tn]s aga9/ :om ! (f5ce has be5 committ$ may decide :i* ( !m %all exact ! p5alty1 b mu/ n consult1 save 9 ! case ( a revoke1 z to :at t p5alty %all be4 ,:]e a man foll[s suit out ( turn1 i4e4 plays be=e "o ( 8 p>tn] :o ought to h play$ be=e him1 t p>tn] c be compell$ to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ ( ! suit1 or to trump or n to trump at ! adv]s>ies' option4 ,if all ! f\r m5 h play$ to ! trick be=e any irregul>ity is discov]$1 !re is no #aeb p5alty4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n apply to a revoke4 ,n[1 z to revokes4 ,no revok+ play] or p>tn]%ip c w9 a decl>ation4 ,! p5alty = e revoke is ! loss ( ?ree tricks f ! score ( ! revok+ side4 ,a revoke is e/abli%$ :5 ! trick conta9+ x is turn$ & quitt$1 i4e4 is cov]$ up & turn$ ov]1 & ! h& has left x4 ,! (f5d] or 8 p>tn] lead+1 or foll[+ ! lead1 to ! succe$+ trick1 also e/abli%es a revoke4 ,if1 aft] ! ?ree tricks = a revoke are tak5 f ! score ( ! (f5d+ side1 he or !y /ill h en\gh tricks to w9 ! decl>ation1 !n he simply loses ! decl>ation--i4e4 suppos+ a solo-call] revokes1 & he has made eight or n9e tricks1 he w\ld1 aft] ! p5alty 0 paid1 h made en\gh to w9 ! solo4 ,he !n only pays #f;d41 at ! /akes :i* we h be5 expla9+1 to ea* ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! =feiture ( ! tricks br+s ! (f5d]'s numb] d[n bel[ ! score requir$ by ! decl>ation1 !n = ea* trick %ort ! agre$-^u price ( an "u-trick mu/ also be paid4 ,! actual (f5d] pays ! /akes 9 all cases ( a revoke1 except 9 ! in/ance ( a propos] & acceptor1 :o1 be+ volunt>y p>tn]s1 pay ! f9e betwe5 !m4 ,if a revoke is suspect$1 ^? :o wi% x may1 at ! close ( ! h&1 exam9e all ! tricks = pro( ( _! ass]tion2 & if ! o!r side d n all[ ?is exam9ation to be prop]ly made1 ! revoke is e/abli%$4 #aec ,x is ess5tial1 aft] a mis]e is defeat$1 t ! oppos+ h&s be in/antly expos$ to prove t no revoke has be5 made4 ,9 case ( a revoke on bo? sides1 ! deal is void4 ,9 ord] to prev5t revokes z f> z possible1 ! rule %\ld be /r+5tly obs]v$ ( call+ a play]'s att5tion to ! fact t he r5\nces ^u or trumps a l$ suit4 ,! g5]al "q is1 ,y h no spade1 p>tn]8 or :atev] ! suit may be to :i* he has n foll[$4 ,^! rem>ks d n apply to a mis]e1 because 9 ! case ( t decl>ation an expos$ c>d is z fatal z a revoke itself4 ,if "o man proposes1 & ano!r man1 n he>+ or n notic+1 also says1 ,i propose1 ! second decl>ation _c be am5d$ to an acceptance1 b any o!r play] may accept1 or ! orig9al propos] may am5d 8 call to any?+ bett]4 ,9 ! same way1 a play] may call "o ?+ :5 he int5ds some?+ else4 ,if he correct himself in/antly1 x is c\rte\s to let ! *ange be made2 b he _c claim ?is indulg5ce4 ,:at we h said ab\t improp] calls applies ) increas$ /r5g? to improp] rem>ks or sugge/ions4 ,z a g5]al rule1 x may be said t any rem>k made convey+ an unfair intimation to p>tn]s entitles ! o!r side to ?r[ up ! c>ds & dem& a fre% deal4 ,z at ,:i/1 h[ev]1 a play] may ask = ! c>ds on ! table to be plac$ :5 x is 8 turn to play1 j z he may ask to see ! la/ trick1 or to "k :at suit are trumps4 ,?is dem& to #aed see ! la/ trick holds good at all decl>ations except a mis]e4 ,a trick once turn$ 9 a mis]e mu/ n be look$ at or ref]r$ to2 b 9 ! o!r phases ( ! game1 any play] at ! table1 :e!r x is 8 turn to play or n1 may ask to see ! la/ trick1 & mu/ be %[n x1 b he c nev] see m ?an eight c>ds1 & if !re are no c>ds on ! table he c only see ! la/ trick4 ,he c nev] see two tricks t h be5 turn$4 ,%\ld ! c>ds be improp]ly divid$1 ! decl>+ h& or h&s w9 ! /akes if _! own c>ds are correct1 & any p]son or p>tn]%ip ) ! incorrect numb] ( c>ds mu/1 :atev] has happ5$1 lose ! /ake1 unless ! error is discov]$ be=e ! fir/ call is ann\nc$4 ,a ,,few ,,maxims4 ,if y h to comm5ce ! game aga9/ a mis]e1 x is wise to lead f y\r %orte/ & weake/ suit1 & to lead a m$ium c>d if y h "o--su* z six or sev5--& c]ta9ly n to comm5ce by lead+ a deuce1 unless1 inde$1 x is a s+le c>d1 & ev5 !n x is n always advisable4 ,aga9/ o!r decl>ations x is well to comm5ce ) y\r longe/ suit4 ,:5 y & y\r p>tn] sit side by side1 y %\ld nev] f9esse 9 a lead com+ f him if he be sitt+ on y\r "r1 & if y\r p>tn] & !n an adv]s>y h to play aft] y1 y %\ld w9 ! trick ) ! highe/ ( a sequ5ce2 i4e4 hold+ k+1 que51 put on ! #aee k+1 o!rwise y\r p>tn] w ?9k ! k+ is aga9/ y4 ,x is mu* bett] t y\r lead %\ld be up to y\r p>tn] ?an ?r\gh him2 al?\gh1 %\ld y be propos+ & accept+1 ! latt] cont+5cy %\ld n prev5t y\r lead+ trumps4 ,x is a g5]al pr9ciple 9 propositions & acceptances t trumps %\ld be us$ to draw trumps 9 ord] to e/abli% pla9 suits4 ,nev] =ce y\r p>tn] to trump if y are weak 9 trumps y\rself4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a cross ruff looks probable1 g on ) x1 & d n *ange to ! m or?odox game4 ,except "u extreme circum/ances d n lead trumps aga9/ a solo call4 ,b if ! call] refuses to lead trumps1 an adv]s>y %\ld1 if possible1 put ! lead ) ! play] on ! call]'s "r1 to give him an opportunity ( lead+ trumps ?r\gh him4 ,z a g5]al rule1 y\r disc>ds %\ld be f y\r weake/ & %orte/ suits4 ,y %\ld n1 h[ev]1 leave a k+ ungu>d$1 & x is dang]\s to leave a que5 only s+ly gu>d$4 ,) a long pla9 suit head$ by ace1 k+1 que51 x is sometimes advisable to in=m y\r p>tn] ( ! fact by fir/ disc>d+ ! ace4 ,9 o!r cases1 y\r fir/ disc>d %\ld be f y\r weake/ suit4 ,subsequ5t r5\nces convey no in=mation1 z !y may be f /r5g?4 ,:ile return+ y\r p>tn]'s suit is g5]ally a wise ?+ to d1 y %\ld be c>eful to act z f> z possible ^u ! good old maxim ( play+ ?r\gh ! /rong h& up to ! weak "o4 ,x x soon le>n$ by exp]i5ce t ! safe/ #aef places 9 :i* to call are z fir/ or la/ play]1 :ile a long way ! mo/ dang]\s place is :5 y are ! second play]4 ,_m a second h& t seem$ at fir/ sight ( almo/ comm&+ /r5g? has be5 cut up by a clev] or lucky initial lead4 ,!re are two v>ieties ( ! game t mu/ be j m5tion$ be=e dismiss+ ! subject4 ,^! are ,solo ,:i/ = five play]s1 & ,solo ,:i/ = ?ree play]s4 ,:]e ! table consi/s ( five1 "o man /&s out e r\nd1 ! p]son *os5 be+ he :o sits to ! deal]'s "r4 ,! p]son /&+ out nei!r pays nor receives on t r\nd4 ,solo ,:i/ = ?ree play]s is n q s simple4 ,!re is 9 ?is no proposal & acceptance1 ! solo be+ ! l[e/ call4 ,!re are two v good ways ( play+1 ! be/ be+ to ?r[ out ! twos1 ?rees1 & f\rs f ! v>i\s suits1 & to turn up ! =tie? c>d z trump1 b n reg>d+ t c>d z belong+ to any individual4 ,! tricks1 ( c\rse1 consi/ ( ?ree c>ds ea*4 ,! o!r plan is to play ) ?ree suits only1 leav+ ! f\r? suit out altoge!r4 ,! =m] me?od1 h[ev]1 makes ! m sci5tific game4#dc 99 99 99 99 99 #aeg ,,v+t-,,un4 ,v+t-,un d]ives its "n f ! fact t ea* play] aims at mak+1 by ! c>ds he holds1 tw5ty-"o4 ,any numb] may play4 ,! full pack ( fifty-two c>ds is us$4 ,aft] !y h be5 duly %uffl$ & cut1 ! deal]#dd di/ributes "o c>d1 face d[nw>ds1 to ea* ( ! o!r play]s 7:om we w call ! punt]s71 & "o to himself4 ,! punt]s look at _! c>ds1 & ea* places on1 or beside 8 c>d1 ! co9 7or c\nt]s repres5t+ co97 he proposes to /ake4 ,a maximum & m9imum /ake are usually fix$ be=eh&1 & a prud5t play] w make a practice ( always #aeh /ak+1 accord+ to ! nature ( 8 h&1 ei!r ! maximum or ! m9imum1 nev] an int]m$iate am\nt4 ,! reason ( ?is is obvi\s4 ,) c]ta9 c>ds1#de say1 eight1 n9e1 t5 7or a t5? c>d71 or ace1 ! hold] has ! *ances 9 8 fav\r1 z a t5? c>d1 ( :i* !re are sixte51 w give him a good h&4 ,) any o!r z 8 fir/ c>d1 ! *ances are aga9/ him1 & he %\ld !re=e risk z little z possible4 ,! deal] also looks at 8 c>d1 &1 if he ?9ks fit1 says1 ,i d\ble y1 or simply ,d\ble1 ! effect ( 8 s do+ be+ t he w receive or pay1 z ! case may be1 d\ble ! /akes (f]$ by ! punt]s4 ,9 decid+ :e!r to d\ble or n1 he has two po9ts to consid]1 viz4 7#a7 ! fact ( himself hold+ an exceptionally good c>d1 & 7#b7 ! abs5ce or r>ity ( high /akes among ! punt]s1 indicat+ t _! c>ds are n su* z !y feel safe 9 back+ freely4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t ! deal] has ! important advantage ( receiv+ f ties1 also f all play]s :o ov]draw4 ,^! two po9ts make a consid]able p]c5tage 9 8 fav\r4 ,) an ace1 t5? c>d1 n9e1 or eight1 he %\ld always d\ble2 & ! weighty au?ority ( ,cav5di% is 9 fav\r ( 8 d\bl+ ) a sev51 or ev5 a l[] c>d4 ,9 ^! latt] cases1 h[ev]1 we ?9k ! am\nts ( ! /akes %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation1 z af=d+ "s gauge ( ! probable /r5g? ( ! enemy4 ,all c\rt c>ds at ?is game c\nt t52 an ace1 elev5 or "o1 at ! option ( ! hold]2 all o!r #aei c>ds accord+ to ! numb] ( _! pips4 ,diff]5ces ( suit are n recogniz$4 ,! object ( ! game is1 z we h said1 to make tw5ty-"o1 & ?is may be made ei!r by ! conjunction ( an ace & a c\rt or o!r t5? c>d1 call$ a natural1 or by ?ree or m c>ds1 say a five1 six & t52 ace1 five1 sev51 eight2 or ace1 sev51 ?ree4 ,! ace is1 z w readily be p]ceiv$1 ! mo/ valuable c>d2 n m]ely f ! fact t !re are sixte5 c>ds out ( ! fifty-two t w =m a natural ) x1 b f ! fact t 7c\nt+ z elev5 or "o at pleasure71 x gives ! hold] a d\ble *ance ( mak+ a w9n+ numb]4 ,! /akes hav+ be5 made1 & ! deal] hav+ decid$ :e!r to d\ble or n 79 ! latt] case1 sil5ce is a suffici5t negative71 he deals a second r\nd ( c>ds1 /ill face d[nw>ds4 ,ea* play] aga9 looks at 8 c>ds4 ,if ^? ( ! deal] =m a natural1 he turns !m up1 & receives f ea* play] d\ble ! am\nt ( 8 /ake1 or1 if he has d\bl$1 quadruple4#df 7,! proportionate increase 9 ! latt] case w h5ce=? be tak5 = grant$47 ,:at c>ds ! o!r play]s may hold is1 9 ?is case immat]ial1 save 9 ! ev5t ( "s "o ( !m hold+ a second natural1 9 :i* case ! two cancel1 nei!r pay+ nor receiv+4 ,we w n[ take ! case ( ! deal] f9d+ t 8 two c>ds d n con/itute a natural4 #afj ,if !re be any su* among ! punt]s1 ! hold] turns up 8 c>ds1 & receives d\ble ! am\nt ( 8 /ake4 ,to all o!r play]s1 beg9n+ ) ! eld] h&1 ! deal] is b\nd to (f] c>ds4 ,?is he does by ! int]rogative1 ,d y /&8 or ,c>d8 ,! eld] h& looks at 8 c>ds4 ,if he has sixte5 po9ts or m1 he w usually decide n to draw1 convey+ 8 decision by ! ^w1 ,/&1 or ,cont5t4#dg ,if he has less ?an sixte51 :i* is g5]ally accept$ z ! av]age limit1 he w probably draw a c>d1 intimat+ 8 desire to d s1 by reply+1 ,c>d1 ,please1 or ,yes4 ,he may n[ be 9 ?ree diff]5t positions4 ,! c>d giv5 him 7z :]e1 hold+ a six & an eight1 he has receiv$ a t571 may make 8 total m ?an tw5ty-"o4 ,9 su* case he is ov]1 & at once h&s 8 /ake to ! deal]1 & ?r[s 8 c>ds1 face d[nw>ds1 9 ! middle ( ! table1 :]e !y are collect$ by ! play] to ! "r ( ! deal]1 kn[n z ! pone4#dh ,! deal] !n asks ! same "q ( ! next play]4 ,we w suppose t 8 h& consi/s ( an ace & a two4 ,?is1 accord+ to ! value put ^u ! ace1 w repres5t ei!r ?ree or ?irte54 ,?irte5 is n good en\gh to /& ^u1 & ! play] accord+ly draws a c>d4 7,?is ?ird c>d1 & all foll[+1 are dealt face upw>ds47 ,he receives1 say1 a second two1 mak+ him fifte54 ,n #afa c>+ to /& on ?is am\nt1 he draws ano!r c>d1 & receives a sev51 mak+ him tw5ty-two1 or twelve4 ,) tw5ty-two he w\ld be ov]1 & ) twelve he is worse (f ?an :5 he />t$4 ,aga9 he says1 ,c>d1 & receives1 say1 a ?ree1 mak+ him /ill only fifte54 ,he draws aga91 & ?is "t receives1 we w suppose1 a five1 :5 he ( c\rse /&s4 ,& s ! game proce$s1 all :o ov]draw pay+ & ?r[+ up _! c>ds =?)4 ,la/ comes ! turn ( ! deal] himself4 ,if 8 c>ds are eighte5 or upw>ds1 he w /&4 ,at sev5te51 he %\ld usually /&4 ,at fifte51 or sixte51 x is an op5 "q1 to be decid$ p>tly by ! numb] ( punt]s :o may be /ill /&+ 7& :o1 if num]\s1 w probably h "s l[ h&s among/ !m71 p>tly by 8 k ( ! idiosyncrasies ( 8 oppon5ts1 & p>tly by ! nature ( ! c>ds :i* h be5 drawn by ! o!r play]s4 ,%\ld he g ov]1 he pays all1 ) ! exception ( ^? :o1 hav+ ov]drawn1 h already paid up _! /akes4 ,if o!rwise1 he pays or receives z ! c>ds ( ! punt]1 or 8 own1 are ne>e/ to ! critical tw5ty-"o4 ,%\ld ! c>ds ( any punt] am\nt to exactly tw5ty-"o1 he w receive d\ble ! am\nt ( 8 /ake4 ,9 l mann]1 %\ld ! deal]'s c>ds make exactly tw5ty-"o po9ts1 ea* ( ! punt]s pays d\ble ! am\nt ( 8 /ake4 ,9 ! ev5t ( ties 7tw5ty-ones includ$71 ! punt] pays ! deal]4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t a natural v+t-un always takes prec$5ce ov] "o made by draw+4 #afb ,%\ld a punt]1 on receiv+ 8 second c>d1 f9d t bo? are alike1 e4g4 two aces1 two k+s1 or two que5s1 he may1 if he pleases1 g on bo?4 ,9 su* case1 he places ! second c>d p>allel to ! fir/1 at a few in*es' di/ance1 & on x a sep>ate /ake1 ( ! same am\nt z /ak$ on ! fir/ c>d4 ,:5 x becomes 8 turn to draw1 he says1 ,i g on bo?1 & ! deal] !n gives him ano!r c>d1 face d[nw>ds1 on ea*4 ,! play] !n draws z he pleases to complete ea* h&1 b mu/ f9i% ! draw+ on "o1 be=e beg9n+ on ! o!r4 ,%\ld ! ?ird c>d dealt be ! same z ! fir/ two1 i4e4 a ?ird ace1 k+1 or que51 he c g on all ?ree 9 l mann]4 ,likewise on a f\r?1 %\ld ! fir/ f\r be alike4 ,ea* h& pays or receives on its own m]its1 z ?\gh belong+ to an indep5d5t punt]4 ,:]e ! two fir/ c>ds are aces1 x is a matt] ( c\rse to g on bo?4 ,) a pair ( t5? c>ds1 x is m prud5t to /&4 ,two n9es1 or two eights 7f ! probability ( a t5? c>d be+ dealt to "o or bo? ( !m7 are fav\rable c>ds :]eon to g d\ble4 ,! occurr5ce ( a natural 9 any h& b ! deal]'s usually t]m9ates ! deal4 ,by way ( a sort ( grace1 h[ev]1 x does n h ?is effect 9 ! fir/ r\nd ( a deal4 ,sometimes1 by agreem5t1 ! deal is made to consi/ ( a giv5 numb] ( r\nds2 say1 till all ! pack is exhau/$1 or till two packs are exhau/$1 ! two be+ %uffl$ toge!r4 ,:]e ! fir/ m5tion$ rule prevails1 ! pone collects ! c>ds ?r[n up at ! end ( ea* h&1 & %uffles !m 9 read9ess = ! #afc use ( ! deal]1 b does n h& !m to him till ! fir/ supply is exhau/$4 ,%\ld ! deal] h gone "r ?r\gh ! pack )\t ! occurr5ce ( a natural1 he ?r[s ! la/ c>d1 face upw>ds1 on ! table1 &1 receiv+ ! remade c>ds f ! pone1 gives !m a f9al %uffle1 (f]s !m to be cut1 & proce$s z be=e4 ,9 "s circles ! deal does n pass 9 rotation1 b ! hold] ( a natural 7o!r ?an 9 ! fir/ r\nd ( a deal7 becomes !reby entitl$ to ! next deal4 ,! practice1 h[ev]1 is a bad "o1 = ! deal be+ an advantage1 x is b fair t ea* %\ld enjoy su* advantage 9 turn4 ,!re is no au?oritative ,code ( ,laws = ,v+t-,un4 ,a ,code :i* cov]s1 we believe1 all po9ts z to :i* any difficulty is likely to arise w be f\nd 9 ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games4 ,a slightly diff]5t ,code1 :i* has receiv$ ! approval ( ! ,editors ( ! ,field & ,bell's ,life1 w be f\nd 9 ,r\nd ,games at ,c>ds1 by ,cav5di% 7,de la ,rue & ,co474 ,,fr5* ,,v+t-,,un4 ,! game :i* goes by ! above "n is a v>iation ( ord9>y ,v+t-,un4 ,! diff]5ces are z foll[4 ,! deal la/s dur+ eight r\nds1 ea* play$ 9 a diff]5t way1 z "u3 #a4--;,z ord9>y ,v+t-,un4 #b4--7,kn[n z ,imag9>y ,t5s47 ,ea* play] /akes be=e receiv+ 8 c>d4 ,:atev] ! value ( su* c>d1 t5 po9ts are add$ to x1 & #afd ! hold] !n decides1 accord+ to ! total !reby made1 :e!r to draw or o!rwise4 ,! hold] ( an ace is consid]$ to h a natural1 ! hold] ( a t5? c>d to h tw5ty1 & s on4 #c4--7,kn[n z ,bl9d ,v+t-,un47 ,ea* play]1 hav+ made 8 /ake1 receives two c>ds1 b is n entitl$ to look at !m4 ,he may1 if he pleases1 draw "o or m c>ds1 b does s at haphaz>d4 #d4--7,kn[n z ,sympa?y & ,antipa?y7 ,ea* play]1 hav+ made 8 /ake1 is call$ ^u to elect = ,sympa?y or ,antipa?y4 ,hav+ made 8 election1 two c>ds are dealt to him4 ,if !y are ( ! same col\r1 ,sympa?y is ! w9n]2 if ( diff]5t col\rs1 ,antipa?y2 & ! play] receives or pays z he has *os5 correctly or o!rwise4 #e4--,r\ge et ,noir4 ,! play]1 hav+ made 8 /ake1 decl>es = black or r$1 at 8 option4 ,! deal] gives him a c>d4 ,if x is ( ! col\r nam$1 ! play] w9s2 if o!rwise1 he loses4 7,9 "s circles ! deal] gives ?ree c>ds to ! punt]1 two out ( ?ree decid+ ! w9n+ col\r74 #f4--,self & ,company4 ,! /akes hav+ be5 made1 ! deal] deals two c>ds1 face upw>ds1 "o = himself1 & "o = ! company4 ,if !y are alike1 he w9s4 ,if n1 he cont9ues to deal1 turn+ up ! c>ds "o by "o1 face upw>ds1 be=e him1 until a c>d appe>s :i* pairs "o or ! o!r ( ! two fir/ expos$4 ,if ! c>d = self is fir/ pair$1 ! deal] w9s2 if t = company1 he loses4 #g4--;,diff]5ces4 ,two c>ds are dealt1 face upw>ds1 to ea* play]1 & two to ! deal]1 :o pays all h&s :i* are high]1 & receives f #afe all :i* are l[] ?an 8 own1 at an agre$ rate = ea* unit ( diff]5ce4 ,ties cancel4 ,an ace 9 ?is case c\nts z "o only4 #h4--,! ,clock4 ,! full pack hav+ be5 duly %uffl$ & cut1 ! deal] beg9s to deal ! c>ds1 face upw>ds1 say+1 z he deals ! fir/1 ,"o1 z he deals ! second1 ,two1 & s on up to k+4 ,if at any po9t ! c>d turn$ up accords ) ! numb] nam$1 e4g4 if ! f\r? c>d is a f\r1 or ! t5? c>d a t51 he w9s an agre$ /ake f ea* ( ! company4 ,if he rea*es ?irte5 )\t any c>d hav+ respond$ to ! call1 he pays a l am\nt to ea* play]4 99 99 99 99 99 #aff ,,:i/4 ,x is pretty safe to assume t e read] ( ^! pages has "s g5]al k ( ! game ( ,:i/1 ?\gh comp>atively few may be conv]sant ) ! m9utiae ( ,:i/ practice4 ,:i/ is gov]n$ by an elaborate & c>efully consid]$ code ( laws1 :i* is univ]sally accept$ by all ,engli% play]s4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 !re=e1 contr>y to our usual c\rse ( proc$ure1 we %all beg9 by /at+ ^! laws1 :i* %\ld be c>efully /udi$1 z =m+ ! be/ possible introduction to fur!r in/ruction 9 ! game4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,:i/4 7,repr9t$1 by p]mission1 f ! ,revis$ ,code1 #aijj47 ,,c>ds4 #a4--,two packs ( c>ds are us$1 "o be+ us$ by ea* side4 #b4--;,a c>d or c>ds torn or m>k$ mu/ be ei!r replac$ by agreem5t1 or new c>ds call$ = at ! exp5se ( ! table4 #c4--;,any play]1 be=e ! pack is cut = ! deal1 may call = fre% c>ds on pay+ = !m4 ,he mu/ call = two new packs1 ( :i* ! deal] takes 8 *oice4 #afg ,,cutt+ ,,or ,,draw+4 #d4--,! ace is ! l[e/ c>d 9 cutt+ or draw+4 #e4--;,9 all cases1 e "o mu/ cut or draw f ! same pack4 #f4--,%\ld a play] expose or draw m ?an "o c>d1 he mu/ cut or draw aga94 ,,=mation ,,( ,,table4 #g4--7;a7 ,! c&idates fir/ 9 ! room h ! pref]5ce4 ,:5 !re are m ?an six c&idates1 & !re is a d\bt or "q z to ! pref]5ce ( two or m ( !m1 !y det]m9e _! pref]5ce by draw+4 ,^? draw+ ! l[] c>ds h ! pref]5ce4 ,! table is complete ) six play]s4 ,on ! retirem5t ( any ( ^? six play]s1 ! c&idates :o1 9 ! fir/ draw1 drew ! l[e/ c>ds h ! prior "r to ent] ! table4 7b7 ,if !re are m ?an f\r play]s !y all draw1 & ! f\r :o draw ! l[e/ c>ds play fir/4 7c7 ,:5 two or m c&idates or play]s draw c>ds ( equal value !y draw aga91 if necess>y1 to det]m9e _! prec$5ce4 ,,p>tn]s4 #h4--,! f\r :o play fir/ aga9 draw to decide on p>tn]s4 ,! two l[e/ play aga9/ ! two highe/4 ,! l[e/ is ! deal] & has *oice ( c>ds & seats1 &1 hav+ once made 8 selection1 mu/ abide by x4 #afh #i4--,two play]s draw+ c>ds ( equal value1 :i* are n ! two highe/1 draw aga94 ,if ! equal c>ds are n ! two l[e/1 ! high] 9 ! new draw plays ) ! highe/ 9 ! orig9al draw2 if ! equal c>ds are ! two l[e/1 ! new draw decides :o is to deal4#di #aj4--,?ree play]s draw+ c>ds ( equal value draw aga92 %\ld ! f\r? 7or rema9+7 c>d be ! highe/ 9 ! orig9al draw1 ! two l[e/ ( ! new draw are p>tn]s1 ! l[] ( ^? two ! deal]2 %\ld ! f\r? c>d be ! l[e/1 ! two highe/ are p>tn]s1 ! orig9al l[e/ ! deal]4#ej ,,cutt+ ,,out4 #aa4--;,at ! end ( a rubb]1 %\ld admission be claim$ by any "o1 or by two c&idates1 he :o has1 or !y :o h1 play$ a great] numb] ( consecutive rubb]s ?an ! o!rs is1 or are1 out2 b :5 two or m h play$ ! same numb]1 !y mu/1 :5 necess>y1 cut or draw to decide ^u ! outgo]s2 ! highe/ are out4 #afi ,,entry ,,& ,,re-,,entry4 #ab4--;,a c&idate wi%+ to ent] a table mu/ decl>e su* int5tion prior to any ( ! play]s hav+ drawn a c>d1 ei!r = ! purpose ( comm5c+ a fre% rubb] or ( cutt+ out4 #ab;a4--,any c&idate may decl>e into any table t is n complete4 ,if he d s he %all h priority ov] any c&idate :o has n previ\sly decl>$ 94 #ac4--;,9 ! =mation ( fre% tables1 ^? c&idates :o h n play$ at any o!r table h ! prior "r ( entry2 ! o!rs decide _! "r ( admission by draw+4 #ad4--;,any "o quitt+ a table prior to ! conclusion ( a rubb] may1 ) cons5t ( ! o!r ?ree play]s1 appo9t a sub/itute 9 8 abs5ce dur+ t rubb]4 #ae4--;,a play] cutt+ into "o table1 :il/ belong+ to ano!r1 loses 8 prior "r ( re-entry into t latt]1 & takes 8 *ance ( cutt+ 91 z if he 7 a fre% c&idate1 & la/ 9 ! room4 #af4--;,if any "o break up a table1 ! rema9+ play]s h ! prior "r to him ( entry into any o!r1 & %\ld !re n be suffici5t vacancies at su* o!r table to admit all ^? c&idates1 !y settle _! prec$5ce by draw+4 ,,%uffl+4 #ag4--;,aft] ! selection ( c>ds = ! fir/ deal has be5 made1 x is ! duty ( an adv]s>y to %uffle ! pack select$1 & ( ! play] :o is ab\t to deal1 or ( 8 p>tn]1 to %uffle ! o!r pack4 #agj #ah4--,! pack mu/ nei!r be %uffl$ bel[ ! table1 nor s t ! face ( any c>d be se54 #ai4--,! pack mu/ n be %uffl$ dur+ ! play ( ! h&4 #bj4--;,a pack1 hav+ be5 play$ )1 mu/ n be %uffl$ by deal+ x into packets4 #ba4--;,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle once only1 except z provid$ by ,law #bd1 prior to a deal1 aft] a false cut1#ea or prior to a new deal4#eb #bb4--,! deal]'s p>tn] mu/ collect ! c>ds = ! ensu+ deal1 & has ! fir/ "r to %uffle t pack4 #bc4--;,ea* play]1 aft] %uffl+1 mu/ place ! c>ds1 prop]ly collect$ & face d[nw>ds1 to ! left ( ! play] ab\t to deal !m4 #bd4--,! deal] has always ! "r to %uffle la/4 ,%\ld a c>d or c>ds be se5 dur+ 8 %uffl+ or :il/ giv+ ! pack to be cut1 he may be compell$ to re-%uffle4 ,,! ,,deal4 #be4--,! deal comm5ces ) ! play] :o cut ! orig9al l[e/ c>d1 ! next deal falls to ! play] on 8 left1 & s on until ! rubb] is f9i%$4 #bf4--,:5 ! pack has be5 f9ally %uffl$1 ! play] ab\t to deal %all pres5t x to ! adv]s>y on 8 "r1 :o %all cut x1 &1 9 divid+ x1 mu/ n leave few] ?an f\r c>ds 9 ei!r packet2 if 9 cutt+1 or 9 replac+ "o ( ! two packets on ! o!r1 a c>d be expos$1#ec or if !re be any confusion ( ! c>ds1 or a d\bt z to ! exact #aga place 9 :i* ! pack 0 divid$1 !re mu/ be a fre% cut4 #bg4--,:5 ! play] ^: duty x is to cut has once sep>at$ ! pack1 he _c alt] 8 int5tion2 he c nei!r re-%uffle nor re-cut ! c>ds4 #bh4--,:5 ! pack is cut1 %\ld ! deal] %uffle ! c>ds1 he loses 8 deal4 #bi4--,!re mu/ be a new deal by ! same deal]#ed-- ,i4 ,if1 dur+ a deal1 or dur+ ! play ( a h&1 ! pack be prov$ incorrect or imp]fect4 ,,ii4 ,if any c>d1 except+ ! la/1 be fac$ 9 ! pack4 ,,iii4 ,if a play] takes up ano!r play]'s h&4 #cj4--;,if1 :il/ deal+1 a c>d be expos$ on or bel[ ! table by ! deal] or 8 p>tn]1 %\ld nei!r ( ! adv]s>ies h t\*$ ! c>ds1 ! latt] c claim a new deal2 a c>d expos$ by ei!r adv]s>y gives t claim to ! deal]1 provid$ t 8 p>tn] has n t\*$ a c>d2 if a new deal does n take place1 ! expos$ c>d _c be call$4 #ca4--;,if1 dur+ deal+1 a play] t\* any ( 8 c>ds1 ! adv]s>ies may d ! same1 )\t los+ _! privilege ( claim+ a new deal1 %\ld *ance give !m su* option4 #cb4--;,if1 9 deal+1 "o ( ! c>ds be expos$1 & ! deal] turn up ! trump be=e !re is reasonable "t = 8 adv]s>ies to decide z to a fre% deal1 !y d n !reby lose _! privilege4 #cc4--;,if a play]1 :il/ deal+1 look at ! trump c>d1 8 adv]s>ies h a "r to see x1 & ei!r may exact a new deal4 #cd4--;,any "o deal+ out ( turn1 or ) ! #agb adv]s>y's c>ds1 may be /opp$ be=e ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 aft] :i* ! game mu/ proce$ z if no mi/ake _h be5 made4 #ce4--;,a play] c nei!r %uffle1 cut1 nor deal = 8 p>tn]1 )\t ! p]mission ( 8 oppon5ts4 #cf4--;,if ! adv]s>ies int]rupt a deal] :il/ deal+1 ei!r by que/ion+ ! score or ass]t+ t x is n 8 deal1 & fail to e/abli% su* claim1 %\ld a misdeal occur1 he may deal aga94 ,a ,,misdeal4 #cg4--;,x is a misdeal#ee-- ,i4 ,unless ! c>ds are dealt into f\r packets1 "o at a "t 9 regul> rotation1 beg9n+ ) ! play] to ! deal]'s left4 ,,ii4 ,%\ld ! deal] place ! la/ 7:i* is call$ ! trump7 c>d1 face d[nw>ds1 on 8 own or on any o!r packet4 ,,iii4 ,%\ld ! trump c>d n come 9 its regul> ord] to ! deal]2 b he does n lose 8 deal if ! pack be prov$ imp]fect4 ,,iv4 ,%\ld a play] h f\rte5 or m c>ds1 & any ( ! o!r ?ree less ?an ?irte52#ef unless ! excess has aris5 ?r\gh ! act ( an adv]s>y1 9 :i* case !re mu/ be a fre% deal4 ,v4 ,%\ld ! deal] t\*1 = ! purpose ( c\nt+1 ! c>ds on ! table or ! rema9d] ( ! pack4 ,,vi4 ,%\ld ! deal] deal two c>ds at once1 or two c>ds to ! same h&1 & !n deal a ?ird2 b if1 prior to deal+ t ?ird c>d1 ! deal] c1 by alt]+ ! position ( "o c>d only1 rectify su* error1 he may d s1 except z provid$ by ! second p>agraph ( ?is ,law4 #agc ,,vii4 ,%\ld ! deal] omit to h ! pack cut to him1 & 8 adv]s>ies discov] ! error1 prior to ! trump c>d be+ turn$ up1 & be=e look+ at _! c>ds1 b n aft] hav+ done s4 #ch4--,%\ld a play] take 8 p>tn]'s deal1 & misdeal1 ! latt] is liable to ! usual p5alty1 & ! adv]s>y next 9 rotation to ! play] :o ought to h dealt !n deals4 #ci4--;,a misdeal loses ! deal2#eg unless1 dur+ ! deal+1 ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies t\* ! c>ds prior to ! deal]'s p>tn] hav+ done s2 b %\ld ! latt] h fir/ int]f]$ ) ! c>ds1 not)/&+ ei!r or bo? ( ! adv]s>ies h subsequ5tly done ! same1 ! deal is lo/4 #dj4--,%\ld ?ree play]s h _! "r numb] ( c>ds--! f\r? h less ?an ?irte51 & n discov] su* defici5cy until ! fir/ trick has be5 turn$ & quitt$1 ! pack %all be assum$ to be complete1 & ! deal /&s good2 & he w be answ]able = any revoke he may h made1 9 ! same way z if ! miss+ c>d or c>ds _h be5 9 8 h&4 #da4--;,if a pack1 dur+ or aft] a rubb]1 be prov$ incorrect or imp]fect1 su* pro( does n alt] any pa/ score1 game1 or rubb]2 t h& 9 :i* ! imp]fection 0 detect$ is null & void 7except 9 ! case ( su* defici5cy z is provid$ = by ,law #dj72 ! deal] deals aga94 ,,! ,,trump ,,c>d4 #db4--,! deal]1 :5 x is 8 turn to play to ! fir/ trick1 %\ld take ! trump c>d into 8 h&2 if left on ! table aft] ! second trick be #agd turn$ & quitt$1 x is liable to be call$4#eh ,8 p>tn] may at any "t rem9d him ( ! liability4 #dc4--;,aft] ! deal] has tak5 ! trump c>d into 8 h&1 x mu/ n be ask$ =2 a play] nam+ x at any "t dur+ ! play ( t h&1 is liable to h 8 highe/ or l[e/ trump call$4 ,su* call _c be repeat$4 ,any play] may at any "t inquire :at ! trump suit is4 #dd4--;,if ! deal] take ! trump c>d into 8 h& be=e x is 8 turn to play1 he may be desir$ to lay x on ! table2 %\ld he %[ a wrong c>d1 ?is c>d may be call$1 z also a second1 a ?ird1 c41 until ! trump c>d be produc$4 #de4--;,if ! deal] decl>e himself unable to recollect ! trump c>d1 8 highe/ or l[e/ trump may be call$ at any "t dur+ t h&1 &1 unless x cause him to revoke1 mu/ be play$2 ! call may be repeat$1 b n *ang$ 7i4e4 f highe/ to l[e/1 or vice v]sa7 until su* c>d is play$4 ,,! ,,rubb]4 #df4--,! rubb] is ! be/ ( ?ree games4 ,if ! fir/ two games be won by ! same play]s1 ! ?ird game is n play$4 ,,scor+4 #dg4--;,a game consi/s ( five po9ts4 ,ea* trick1 above six1 c\nts "o po9t4 #dh4--;,hon\rs1 i4e4 ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 & ,knave ( trumps1 are ?us reckon$3 #age ,if a play] & 8 p>tn]1 ei!r sep>ately or conjo9tly1 hold-- ,i4 ,! f\r hon\rs1 !y score f\r po9ts4 ,,ii4 ,any ?ree hon\rs1 !y score two po9ts4 #di4--,^? play]s :o1 at ! comm5cem5t ( a deal1 are at ! score ( f\r1 _c score hon\rs4 #ej4--,! p5alty = a revoke#ei takes prec$5ce ( all o!r scores4 ,tricks score next4 ,hon\rs la/4 #ea4--;,hon\rs1 unless claim$ be=e ! trump c>d ( ! foll[+ deal is turn$ up1 _c be scor$4 #eb4--,to score hon\rs is n suffici5t2 !y mu/ be claim$ at ! end ( ! h&2 if s claim$1 !y may be scor$ at any "t dur+ ! game4 ,if ! tricks won1 add$ to hon\rs held1 suffice to make game1 x is suffici5t to call game4 #ec4--,! w9n]s ga9-- ,i4 ,a treble1 or game ( ?ree po9ts1 :5 _! adv]s>ies h n scor$4 ,,ii4 ,a d\ble1 or game ( two po9ts1 :5 _! adv]s>ies h scor$ "o or two4 ,,iii4 ,a s+le1 or game ( "o po9t1 :5 _! adv]s>ies h scor$ ?ree or f\r4 #ed4--,! w9n]s ( ! rubb] ga9 two po9ts 7commonly call$ ! rubb] po9ts7 9 addition to ! value ( _! games4 #ee4--,%\ld ! rubb] h consi/$ ( ?ree games1 ! value ( ! los]s' game is d$uct$ f ! gross numb] ( po9ts ga9$ by _! oppon5ts4 #ef4--;,if an errone\s score be prov$1 su* mi/ake c be correct$ prior to ! conclusion ( ! game 9 :i* x occurr$1 & su* game is n #agf conclud$ until ! trump c>d ( ! foll[+ deal has be5 turn$ up4 #eg4--;,if an errone\s score1 affect+ ! value ( ! rubb]1#fj be prov$1 su* mi/ake c be rectifi$ at any "t dur+ ! rubb]4 ,,c>ds ,,liable ,,to ,,be ,,call$4 #eh4--,! foll[+ are expos$ c>ds3-- ,i4 ,two or m c>ds play$ at once1 face upw>ds4 ,,ii4 ,any c>d dropp$ ) its face upw>ds1 9 any way on or above ! table1 ev5 ?\gh snat*$ up s quickly t no "o c "n x4 ,,iii4 ,e c>d nam$ by ! play] hold+ x4 #ei4--;,all expos$ c>ds are liable to be call$1 & mu/ be left or plac$ face upw>ds on ! table4 ,if two or m c>ds are play$ at once1 ! adv]s>ies h a "r to call :i* !y please to ! trick 9 c\rse ( play1 & aft]w>ds to call ! rema9d]4 ,a c>d is n an expos$ c>d1 "u ! prec$+ ,law1 :5 dropp$ on ! floor1 or else:]e bel[ ! table4 ,an adv]s>y may n require any expos$ c>d to be play$ be=e x is ! turn ( ! own] ( ! c>d to play2 %\ld he d s1 he loses 8 "r to exact ! p5alty = t trick4 #fj4--;,if any "o play to an imp]fect trick ! w9n+ c>d on ! table1 & !n lead )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 or lead "o :i* is a w9n+ c>d z aga9/ 8 adv]s>ies1 & !n lead aga91 )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 or play sev]al su* w9n+ c>ds1 "o aft] ! o!r1 )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 ! latt] may be call$ on to w91 if he c1 ! fir/ or any #agg o!r ( ^? tricks1 & ! subsequ5t c>ds ?us improp]ly play$ are expos$ c>ds4 #fa4--;,if a play] or play]s 7n be+ all7 ?r[ 8 or _! c>ds on ! table face upw>ds1 su* c>ds are expos$1 & liable to be call$1 ea* play]'s by ! adv]s>y2 b no play] :o reta9s 8 h& c be =c$ to ab&on x4 #fb4--;,if all f\r play]s ?r[ _! c>ds on ! table face upw>ds1 ! h&s are ab&on$2 & no "o c aga9 take up 8 c>ds4 ,%\ld ?is g5]al exhibition %[ t ! game might h be5 sav$ or won by ! los]s1 nei!r claim c be ent]ta9$ unless a revoke be e/abli%$4 ,! revok+ play]s are !n liable to ! foll[+ p5alties3 !y _c "u any circum/ances w9 ! game by ! result ( t h&1 & ! adv]s>ies may add ?ree to _! score1 or d$uct ?ree f t ( ! revok+ play]s1 = ea* revoke4 #fc4--;,if a c>d be deta*$ f ! re/ ( ! h&1 :i* an adv]s>y at once correctly names1 su* c>d becomes an expos$ c>d2 b %\ld ! adv]s>y "n a wrong c>d1 he is liable to h a suit call$ :5 he or 8 p>tn] next h ! lead4 #fd4--;,if any play] lead out ( turn1 8 adv]s>ies may ei!r call ! c>d errone\sly l$1 or may call a suit f him or 8 p>tn] :5 x is next ! turn ( ei!r ( !m to lead4 ,! p5alty ( call+ a suit mu/ be exact$ f :i*ev] ( !m next fir/ obta9s ! lead4 ,x foll[s t if ! play] :o leads out ( turn is ! p>tn] ( ! p]son :o ought to h l$1 & a suit is call$1 x mu/ be call$ at once f ! "r lead]4 ,if #agh he is all[$ to play z he pleases1 ! only p5alty t rema9s is to call ! c>d errone\sly l$4 ,! fact t ! c>d errone\sly l$ has be5 play$ )\t hav+ be5 call$1 does n deprive ! adv]s>ies ( _! "r to call a suit4 ,if a suit is call$1 ! c>d errone\sly l$ may be replac$ 9 ! own]'s h&4 #fe4--;,if x is "o play]'s lead1 & he & 8 p>tn] lead simultane\sly1 ! p5alty ( call+ ! highe/ or l[e/ c>d ( ! suit prop]ly l$ may be exact$ f ! play] 9 error1 or ! c>d simultane\sly l$ may be treat$ z a c>d liable to be call$4 #ff4--;,if any play] lead out ( turn1 & ! o!r ?ree h foll[$ him1 ! trick is complete1 & ! error _c be rectifi$2 b if only ! second1 or ! second & ?ird1 h play$ to ! false lead1 _! c>ds1 on discov]y ( ! mi/ake1 are tak5 back2 !re is no p5alty aga9/ any "o1 except+ ! orig9al (f5d]1 ^: c>d may be call$--or he1 or 8 p>tn] 7:i*ev] ( !m next fir/ has ! lead71 may be compell$ to play any suit dem&$ by ! adv]s>ies4 #fg4--;,9 no case c a play] be compell$ to play a c>d :i* w\ld oblige him to revoke4 #fh4--,! call ( a c>d may be repeat$ at e trick1 until su* c>d has be5 play$4 #fi4--;,if a play] call$ on to lead a suit h none ( x1 ! p5alty is paid4 ,,irregul> ,,play4 #gj4--;,if ! ?ird h& play be=e ! second1 ! f\r? h& may play be=e 8 p>tn]4 #ga4--,%\ld ! ?ird h& n h play$1 & #agi ! f\r? play be=e 8 p>tn]1 ! latt] may be call$ on to w9 or n to w9 ! trick4 #gb4--;,if any "o omit play+ to a trick1 & su* error be n discov]$ until he has play$ to ! next1 ! adv]s>ies may claim a new deal2 %\ld !y decide t ! deal /& good1 ! surplus c>d at ! end ( ! h& is consid]$ to h be5 play$ to ! imp]fect trick1 b does n con/itute a revoke !re94 #gc4--;,if any "o play two c>ds to ! same trick1 or mix 8 trump1 or o!r c>d1 ) a trick to :i* x does n prop]ly belong1 & ! mi/ake be n discov]$ until ! h& is play$ out1 he is answ]able = all consequ5t revokes he may h made4#fa ,if1 dur+ ! play ( ! h&1 ! error be detect$1 ! tricks may be c\nt$ face d[nw>ds1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r !re be among !m a c>d too _m2 %\ld ?is be ! case !y may be se>*$1 & ! c>d re/or$2 ! play] is1 h[ev]1 liable = all revokes :i* he may h mean:ile made4 ,if no revoke has be5 made1 ! c>d c be treat$ z an expos$ c>d4 ,,! ,,revoke4 #gd4--;,x is a revoke :5 a play]1 hold+ "o or m c>ds ( ! suit l$1 plays a c>d ( a diff]5t suit4 #ge4--,! p5alty = a revoke-- ,i4 ,is at ! option ( ! adv]s>ies1 :o1 at ! end ( ! h&1 may ei!r take ?ree tricks f ! revok+ play]1 & add !m to _! own tricks1 or d$uct ?ree po9ts f 8 score1 or add ?ree to _! own score 7! adv]s>ies may consult z to :i* p5alty !y w exact72 #ahj ,,ii4 ,c be claim$ = z _m revokes z occur dur+ ! h&1 & a diff]5t p5alty may be exact$ = ea* revoke2 ,,iii4 ,is applicable only to ! score ( ! game 9 :i* x occurs2 ,,iv4 ,_c be divid$1 i4e4 a play] _c add "o or two to 8 own score1 & d$uct "o or two f ! revok+ play]2 ,v4 ,takes prec$5ce ( e o!r score--e4g41 ,! claimants two--_! oppon5ts no?+--! =m] add ?ree to _! score--& !reby w9 a treble game1 ev5 %\ld ! latt] h made ?irte5 tricks1 & held f\r hon\rs4 #gf4--;,if a play] :o has become liable to h ! highe/ or l[e/ ( a suit call$1 or to w9 or n to w9 a trick 7:5 able to d s71 fail to play z desir$1 or if a play]1 :5 call$ on to lead "o suit1 lead ano!r1 hav+ 9 8 h& "o or m c>ds ( t suit dem&$1 he incurs ! p5alty ( a revoke4 #gg4--;,a revoke is e/abli%$1 if ! trick 9 :i* x occur be turn$ & quitt$1 i4e41 ! h& remov$ f t trick aft] x has be5 turn$ face d[nw>ds on ! table--or if ei!r ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn]1 :e!r 9 8 "r turn or o!rwise1 lead or play to ! foll[+ trick4 ,?r[+ d[n ! h&1 or claim+ game1 con/itute acts ( play )9 ! mean+ ( lead+ or play+ to ! foll[+ trick4 #gh4--;,a play] may ask 8 p>tn] :e!r he has n a c>d ( ! suit :i* he has r5\nc$1 or :e!r he has play$ z desir$ or dem&$2 %\ld ! "q be ask$ be=e ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 subsequ5t turn+ & quitt+ by ! adv]s>ies does n e/abli% ! revoke1 & ! error may be correct$1 unless ! "q be answ]$ 9 ! negative1 or unless ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn] h l$ or play$ to ! #aha foll[+ trick2 b if ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn] has turn$ ! trick be=e ! "q is answ]$1 ! revoke is e/abli%$4 #gi4--;,at ! end ( a h&1 ! claimants ( a revoke may se>* all ! tricks4#fb #hj4--;,if a play] discov] 8 error 9 "t to save a revoke1 ! adv]s>ies1 :5ev] !y ?9k fit1 may call ! c>d ?us play$ 9 error1 or may require him to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ c>d to t trick 9 :i* he has r5\nc$2--any play] or play]s :o h play$ aft] him may )draw _! c>ds & sub/itute o!rs2 ! c>ds )drawn are n liable to be call$4 #ha4--;,if a revoke be claim$1 & ! accus$ play] or 8 p>tn]1 aft] su* claim has be5 made1 mix ! c>ds be=e !y h be5 suffici5tly exam9$ by ! adv]s>ies1 ! revoke is e/abli%$4 ,prior to su* claim1 ! mix+ ( ! c>ds r5d]s ! pro( ( a revoke difficult1 b does n prev5t ! claim1 & possible e/abli%m5t1 ( ! p5alty4 #hb4--;,a revoke _c be claim$ aft] ! c>ds h be5 duly cut = ! foll[+ deal4 #hc4--,! revok+ play] & 8 p>tn] may "u all circum/ances1 require ! h& 9 :i* ! revoke has be5 detect$ to be play$ out4 #hd4--;,if a revoke occur1 be claim$ & prov$1 bets on ! odd trick1 or on am\nt ( score1 mu/ be decid$ by ! actual /ate ( ! latt]1 aft] ! p5alty is paid4 #he4--,%\ld ! play]s on bo? sides subject !mselves to ! p5alty ( "o or m revokes1 nei!r c w9 ! game1 & ! revokes cancel ea* o!r4 #ahb #hf4--;,9 :atev] way ! p5alty be en=c$1 "u no circum/ances c a play] w9 ! game by ! result ( ! h& dur+ :i* he has revok$2 he _c score m ?an f\r4 ,,exaction ,,( ,,p5alties4 #hg4--,:]e a play] & 8 p>tn] h an option ( exact+ f _! adv]s>ies "o ( two p5alties1 !y mu/ agree :o is to make ! election1 & mu/ n consult ) "o ano!r :i* ( ! two p5alties x is advisable to exact2 if !y d s consult1 !y lose _! "r to dem& any p5alty2 & if ei!r ( !m1 ) or )\t cons5t ( 8 p>tn]1 dem& a p5alty to :i* he is entitl$1 su* decision is f9al4 ,?is rule does n apply 9 exact+ ! p5alties = a revoke2 p>tn]s h !n a "r to consult4 #hh4--;,any play] dem&+ a p5alty :i* is n au?oris$ = ! (f5ce committ$1 =feits all "r to exact any p5alty = ! (f5ce 9 "q4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #hi4--;,any "o dur+ ! play ( a trick1 or aft] ! f\r c>ds are play$1 & be=e1 b n aft]1 !y are t\*$ = ! purpose ( ga!r+ !m toge!r1 may dem& t ! c>ds be plac$ be=e _! respective play]s4 #ij4--;,if any "o1 prior to 8 p>tn] play+1 %\ld call att5tion to ! trick--ei!r by say+ t x is 81 or by nam+ 8 c>d1 or1 )\t be+ requir$ s to d1 by draw+ x t[>ds him--! adv]s>ies may require t oppon5t's p>tn] #ahc to play ! highe/ or l[e/ ( ! suit !n l$1 or to w9 or n to w9 ! trick4 #ia4--;,9 all cases :]e a p5alty has be5 incurr$1 ! (f5d] is b\nd to give reasonable "t = ! decision ( 8 adv]s>ies4 #ib4--;,if a by/&] make any rem>k1 be=e ! /akes h be5 paid1 :i* calls ! att5tion ( a play] or play]s to an ov]sight affect+ ! score1 he is liable to be call$ on1 by ! play]s only1 to pay ! /akes & all bets on t game or rubb]4 #ic4--;,a by/&]1 by agreem5t among ! play]s1 may decide any "q4 #id4--,:5 a trick has be5 turn$ & quitt$1 x mu/ n aga9 be look$ at until ! h& has be5 play$ out1 except z provid$ by ,law #gc4 ,a violation ( ?is ,law r5d]s ! (f5d]1 or 8 p>tn]1 liable to h a suit call$ :5 x is ! next turn ( ei!r ( !m to lead4 ,,! ,,etiquette ,,( ,,:i/4 ,! foll[+ rules belong to ! e/abli%$ ,etiquette ( ,:i/4 ,!y are n call$ ,laws1 z x is difficult1 9 "s cases impossible1 to apply any p5alty to _! infraction4 ,any "o hav+ ! lead %\ld n draw a second c>d out ( 8 h& until 8 p>tn] has play$ to ! trick1 su* act be+ a di/9ct intimation t ! =m] has play$ a w9n+ c>d4 ,no intimation :atev]1 by ^w or ge/ure1 %\ld be giv5 by a play] z to ! /ate ( 8 h& or ( ! game4 ,a play] :o desires ! c>ds to be plac$1 or #ahd :o asks :at ! trump suit is1 %\ld d x = 8 own in=mation only1 & n 9 ord] to invite ! att5tion ( 8 p>tn]4 ,no play] %\ld object to ref] to a by/&]1 :o pr(esses himself un9t]e/$ 9 ! game & able to decide1 any disput$ "q ( facts2 z to :o play$ any p>ticul> c>d1 :e!r hon\rs 7 claim$1 ?\gh n scor$1 or vice v]sa1 c4 c4 ,x is unfair to revoke purposely4 ,hav+ made a revoke1 a play] is n ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ a second 9 ord] to conceal ! fir/4 ,until ! play]s h made su* bets z !y wi%1 bets %\ld n be made ) by/&]s4 ,by/&]s %\ld make no rem>k2 nei!r %\ld !y1 by ^w or ge/ure1 give any intimation ( ! /ate ( ! game1 nor %\ld !y walk r\nd ! table to look at ! diff]5t h&s4 ,no "o %\ld look ov] ! h& ( a play] aga9/ :om he is bett+4 ,,dummy ,is play$ by ?ree play]s4 ,"o h&1 call$ ,dummy's1 lies expos$ on ! table4 ,! ,laws are ! same z ^? ( ,:i/1 ) ! foll[+ exceptions3-- #a4 ,dummy deals at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* rubb]4 #b4 ,dummy is n liable to ! p5alty = a revoke1 z 8 adv]s>ies see 8 c>ds4 ,%\ld he revoke1 & ! error n be discov]$ until ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 x /&s good4 ,if ,dummy's p>tn] revokes1 he is liable to ! usual p5alties4 #ahe #c4 ,!re is no misdeal4 #d4 ,dummy be+ bl9d & deaf1 8 p>tn] is n liable to any p5alty = an error :5ce he c ga9 no advantage4 ,?us he may expose "s or all ( 8 c>ds1 or decl>e t he has ! game or trick1 c41 )\t incurr+ any p5alty2 if1 h[ev]1 he lead f ,dummy's h& :5 he %\ld lead f 8 own1 or vice v]sa1 a suit may be call$ f ! h& :i* ought to h l$4 ,,d\ble ,,dummy ,is play$ by two play]s1 ea* hav+ a ,dummy or expos$ h& = 8 p>tn]4 ,! ,laws ( ! game d n diff] f ^? ( ,dummy ,:i/4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,le>n ,,:i/1 ,,& ,,to ,,become ,a ,,good ,,play]4 ,:i/ is a game t has be5 play$ dur+ s _m ye>s1 & has occupi$ ! att5tion ( s _m cle>-head$ m51 t c]ta9 pr9ciples ( play h be5 e/abli%$ f long exp]i5ce1 z ^? be/ suit$ to ga9 success4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds becom+ a good :i/-play] is to le>n ! leads2 !n :at to play second & ?ird 9 h&4 ,^! sy/ems ( play ought to be s ?or\ghly kn[n t !re is nev] a mom5t's hesitation z to ! c>d to lead1 or ! c>d to play second or ?ird 9 h&4 ,! leads1 c41 are m]ely :at we may t]m #ahf ! me*anical portions ( ! game1 & d n require any reason+ on ! "p ( ! play]4 ,!y h already be5 reason$ out by long & cont9u$ inve/igation4 ,imm$iately o!r c>ds h be5 play$ by ! adv]s>ies & ! p>tn]1 !n reason & judgm5t come 91 s z to draw inf]5ces f ! c>ds play$ by ea* individual4 ,! object ( a lead is--fir/1 to secure tricks2 secondly1 to give y\r p>tn] z mu* in=mation z is desirable ( ! c>ds :i* y possess 9 ! suit y h l$4 ,y may give him a v fair idea ( ! num]ical /r5g? or ( ! actual /r5g? 9 high or c\rt c>ds4 ,x is always correct to assume t a p>tn]1 if ev5 a mod]ately good play]1 leads f 8 /ronge/ suit4 ,!n comes ! "q1 ,( :at does ?is suit consi/8 ,by ! c>d l$1 an approximate idea is convey$4 ,by ! c>ds play$ by ! o!r play]s comp>$ ) ^? held 9 "o's own h&1 a m accurate op9ion may be =m$4 ,a second r\nd ( ! same suit (t5 indicates exactly ! c>ds held by ! orig9al lead]4 ,su* a conclusion1 h[ev]1 c\ld be =m$ only :5 ! orig9al lead] is a :i/-play]1 & is n "o ( ^? p]sons :o lead at r&om1 accord+ z _! fancy at ! "t impels !m4 ,9 consid]+ ! lead1 ! selection1 z a g5]al rule1 %\ld be f ! /ronge/ suit1 & ! /ronge/ suit is t consi/+ ( ! greate/ numb] ( c>ds4 ,?us five spades1 consi/+ ( knave1 n9e1 eight1 f\r1 & two1 is a /rong] suit ?an is ano!r consi/+ ( k+1 que51 & "o small c>d4 ,:at c>d to lead ( ! /rong suit is ! next "q1 "o object be+ to convey to ! p>tn] z mu* useful in=mation z is possible4 ,two #ahg =ms ( lead n[ come "u consid]ation1 viz41 fir/1 :5 ! c>ds l$ are w9n+ c>ds ( ! suit2 second1 :5 ! c>ds l$ are n w9n+ c>ds4 ,w9n+ c>ds w fir/ be spok5 (4 ,suppose a play] l$ ! ace ( clubs4 ,8 p>tn] w\ld at once be ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ! orig9al lead] did n hold ! k+ ( t suit2 & if ?is ace 7 trump$ by ! f\r? play]1 ! p>tn] w\ld place ! k+ 9 ! h& ( ! orig9al second play]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! k+ _h be5 l$ orig9ally1 & _h be5 simil>ly trump$1 x w\ld be "r to conclude t ! ace 0 9 ! h& ( ! orig9al lead]4 ,aga91 if ! k+ ( a suit 7 l$1 & won ! trick1 & ! que5 7 l$1 & also won1 ! ace w\ld be plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! orig9al lead]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! k+ _h be5 l$ orig9ally1 & foll[$ by ! ace1 !n ! que5 w\ld be plac$ by ! lead]'s p>tn] 9 ! h& ( "o ( ! adv]s>ies4 ,^! simple cases s]ve to %[ ! g5]al pr9ciple on :i* leads %\ld be made4 ,! fir/ lead gives a prelim9>y indication2 ! second lead reveals ! :ole or ne>ly ! :ole secret4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x is mo/ rem>kable to f9d t !re are c]ta9 p]sons at ! pres5t "t :o claim to be reasonable1 & to play sci5tific ,:i/1 :o yet /rongly object to any ext5sion ( ! pr9ciples ( leads beyond ^? to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$4 ,^! objectors admit t to lead ! k+1 ) ace1 k+1 is correct play1 z ! lead ( ! k+ indicates t ! lead] holds ! ace also4 ,!y /op1 h[ev]1 at a c]ta9 po9t1 & ass]t t to lead ! p5ultimate f #ahh a suit ( five1 an anti-p5ultimate f a suit ( six1 to call = trumps1 or to e*o to a p>tn]'s lead ( trumps1 is l kick+ y\r p>tn] "u ! table4 ,:y is x n l kick+ y\r p>tn] "u ! table to lead ! k+1 ) ace1 k+1 in/ead ( lead+ ! ace8 ,! cases are exactly simil>1 & are bas$ on ! same pr9ciples ( play4 ,! :i/-play] :o wi%es to hold 8 own ) mod]n play]s mu/ le>n ! mod]n leads4 ,^! leads are bas$ on reason1 & convey1 by ea* c>d1 intimation to an intellig5t p>tn] z reg>ds ! numb] & /r5g? ( ! suit f :i* ! c>d 0 orig9ally l$4 ,z "o among _m examples ( ! in=mation convey$ by a lead1 ! foll[+ may be giv53-- ,my p>tn] be+ a good play]1 ,i conclude he leads f 8 /ronge/ suit4 ,he is orig9al lead]1 & leads ! sev5 ( spades1 he>ts be+ trumps4 ,9 my h& !re are ! ace1 que51 five1 & two ( spades4 ,! second play] plays ! ?ree2 ,i play ! que52 f\r? play] plays ! six4 ,:at d ^! c>ds mean8 ,my "r adv]s>y is n ask+ = trumps1 because ask+ = trumps is play+ an unnecess>ily high c>d 7z w be fully expla9$ fur!r on72 & ! two ( spades be+ 9 my own h&1 ! ?ree is ! next l[e/ c>d4 ,! ?ree may be a s+le c>d1 b s+le c>ds are ! exception (t5] ?an ! rule4 ,hav+ won ) ! que51 ,i return ! ace ( spades4 ,! second play] plays ! eight1 my p>tn] plays ! f\r1 & ! f\r? play] plays ! t54 #ahi ,by ^! two r\nds ( spades ,i h obta9$ a consid]able am\nt ( in=mation4 ,my p>tn] l$ ! sev51 & 8 f\r dropp$ to my ace on ! second r\nd4 ,he !re=e l$ ! p5ultimate ( a five suit2 & he holds ?ree m spades :i* ,i c "n--t is1 ! k+1 knave1 & n9e4 ,nei!r ( ! adv]s>ies holds ano!r spade1 because1 z !re are two m 9 my h&1 ?ree m 9 my p>tn]'s1 & eight spades play$1 ! ?irte5 ( ! suit are acc\nt$ =4 ,to lead ano!r spade1 !re=e1 w\ld be folly1 z "o adv]s>y w\ld make a small trump1 & ! o!r w\ld disc>d a wor?less c>d ( ano!r suit4 ,my p>tn] also w\ld "k t--z ! eight 0 play$ by "o adv]s>y1 & ! t5 by ! o!r1 :il/ he held k+1 knave1 & n9e--! two o!r spades 7 9 my h&4 ,:51 !n1 my p>tn] obta9$ ! lead1 he w\ld avoid play+ 8 k+ ( spades1 unless all ! trumps 7 out1 or he wi%$ to =ce out ! be/ trump4 ,a bad play] di/+ui%es himself by n notic+ su* details z ^? giv5 above1 & !n1 by jump+ at errone\s conclusions1 comes to utt] grief4 ,a bad play] w\ld n p]ceive :y a ?ird r\nd ( spades 0 n l$ by 8 p>tn]1 & w\ld almo/ to a c]ta9ty imag9e t x mu/ be because 8 p>tn] held no m4 ,at ! v fir/ opportunity1 !re=e1 he w\ld lead 8 k+ ( spades1 & !n discov] t ! second play] trump$ ) ! two1 & ! f\r? play] disc>d$ f ano!r suit4 ,n[1 h[ 0 ?is in=mation obta9$8 ,x 0 obta9$ by ! orig9al lead] />t+ f a #aij p5ultimate1 or l[e/ c>d b "o ( a five suit4 ,if ?is orig9al lead] _h l$ ! l[e/ c>d 8 p>tn] c\ld n h obta9$ ! in=mation describ$ above4 ,to lead1 !re=e1 ! correct c>d1 accord+ to ! numb] & /r5g? ( a suit1 is "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ important items connect$ ) ,:i/4 ,9 ! mo/ mod]n game ( ,:i/ ! numb] ( conv5tional leads has be5 consid]ably increas$2 &1 al?\gh only a few ( ! m advanc$ play]s practise ^! at ! pres5t "t1 ^? :o d s mu/ be reckon$ )4 ,x is1 !re=e1 necess>y = a play] to asc]ta9 ! am\nt ( k ( ! game possess$ & practis$ by 8 p>tn]1 o!rwise he may be giv+ in=mation z to ! c>ds 9 8 h& :i* 8 p>tn] fails to compreh5d1 b :i* is at once und]/ood by ! adv]s>ies4 ,if ! *ance be (f]$1 ! game ( ! play]s :o are play+ %\ld be wat*$1 s z to asc]ta9 :e!r !y are mod]n or old-fa%ion$ play]s4 ,?is fact c be discov]$ by not+ ! c>ds !y lead4 ,:5 jo9+ a rubb] ) /rang]s1 x is unc]ta9 :at /yle ( game !y play1 & ! fir/ h& is play$ "u great disadvantage4 ,aft] two or ?ree h&s h be5 play$1 a p>tn]'s /r5g? or weakness ought to be correctly e/imat$4 ,if y f9d t y\r p>tn] does n und]/& ! sci5tific game1 x is worse ?an useless to attempt to play fir/-class ,:i/ ) him4 ,he fails to p]ceive ! in=mation y give him1 or draws errone\s conclusions f su* in=mation1 & does ! v ?+ he ought n to d4 ,) a bad p>tn] & #aia /rong adv]s>ies1 x is m likely t success w be ga9$ by play+ incorrect c>ds ?an by play+ ^? :i*1 ) a good p>tn]1 w\ld h be5 play$4 ,hav+ ?us1 we hope1 e/abli%$ ! importance ( ! lead1 we proce$ to discuss ! subject 9 detail4 ,,leads4 ,9 select+ a c>d = a fir/ & orig9al lead1 ?is c>d %\ld be f ! longe/ suit z a rule4 ,num]ical /r5g? is ! k9d ( /r5g? :i* is mo/ to be consid]$4 ,?us a suit ( five1 ?\gh head$ by a t51 is a bett] suit ?an "o conta9+ ace1 k+1 & "o small c>d4 ,:5 a suit is head$ by high c\rt c>ds1 ! leads are diff]5t f ^? :i* %\ld be adopt$ :5 ! highe/ c>d 9 ! suit is a t5 or a s+le c\rt c>d 7n ! ace74 ,9 ! case ( a long suit n head$ by ! ace1 & ) only "o c\rt c>d1 ! lead %\ld be ! f\r? be/ c>d ( ! suit1 t is1 ! f\r? c>d c\nt+ f ! top d[nw>ds4 ,:5 ! suit f :i* a lead has to be select$ is ( ?ree c>ds only1 ! highe/ c>d ( ?is suit %\ld be l$1 unless su* highe/ c>d be ace1 k+1 or que52 !n lead ! smalle/4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ! lead] holds f\r small trumps1 & an hon\r1 say k+ or ace1 has be5 turn$ up to 8 "r4 ,! orig9al lead] _c lead f 8 num]ically /ronge/ suit1 :i* is trumps1 up to ?is hon\r2 he mu/ !re=e op5 a weak suit1 & he %\ld select t 9 :i* he is /ronge/4 ,"o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples 9 leads is to lead ?r\gh #aib ! /rong up to ! weak4 ,at ! fir/ lead x is impossible to tell :]e ! /r5g? & :]e ! weakness may be1 except 9 trumps :5 an hon\r is turn$ up4 ,aft] ! fir/ r\nd ( a suit1 a fair idea may be =m$ z to ! position ( ! /r5g? & weakness4 ,:5 ! orig9al lead] possesses two or m hon\rs 9 a suit1 ! ord] 9 :i* ^! are l$ conveys important in=mation to an intellig5t p>tn]4 ,! second lead ( ! same suit w 9 "s cases indicate ! numb] ( c>ds 9 ! suit1 f :i* ! orig9al c>d 0 play$4 ,= example1 orig9al lead] plays knave ( spades1 :i* w9s ! trick4 ,he foll[s ) k+ ( spades4 ,! lead]'s p>tn] n[ kn[s 7see ,table ( ,leads1 po/7 t ! orig9al lead 0 f k+1 que51 knave1 & at lea/ two small spades2 because lead+ knave1 !n k+1 %[s five at lea/ 9 ! suit4 ,if ! lead] held only f\r spades1 he w\ld h comm5c$ ) ! k+4 ,ano!r piece ( valuable in=mation may be ga9$ by ! lead ( ! knave f k+1 que51 knave1 & two o!rs1 :i* is z foll[s4 ,! lead]'s p>tn]1 if a good play]1 & hold+ ! ace & "o o!r spade only1 w take 8 p>tn]'s knave ) ! ace1 & w !n return ! small spade4 ,he plays ?is ace to unblock1 or get out ( ! way ( 8 p>tn]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he does n play 8 ace on ! knave1 b does play x on ! k+1 x may be assum$ t he holds a ?ird spade1 & play$ 8 ace to prev5t block+ 8 p>tn]'s suit4 ,only a v feeble play]1 ) ace & "o o!r1 w\ld fail to play ?is ace on ! orig9al lead ( knave4 #aic ,! lead] w n[ "k :e!r ei!r adv]s>y holds ano!r spade4 ,if he l$ f six spades1 nei!r adv]s>y holds a spade4 ,if he l$ f five1 "o adv]s>y may hold a spade1 unless 8 p>tn] orig9ally held f\r2 &1 f ! c>ds t fell f 8 p>tn]'s h&1 he c tell :e!r ?ree or f\r 7 orig9ally held4 ,! p>tn] kn[s t1 z he held1 say1 ?ree orig9ally1 & ! orig9al lead] %[$ five1 "o ( ! adv]s>ies1 aft] two r\nds ( ! suit1 _c hold a spade4 ,?is is "o among num]\s cases prov+ ! advantage ( in=m+ a p>tn]1 by ! lead1 ( ! numb] ( c>ds 9 ! suit f :i* ! orig9al lead 0 made4 ,:5 ! accept$ leads are kn[n & practis$1 a game ( ,:i/ proce$s l a well-oil$ ma*9e1 ! intellig5ce be+ employ$ to take advantage ( ! in=mation giv54 ,:5 ! leads are n kn[n1 & incorrect c>ds are play$1 !re are p]petual cata/rophes1 losses & surprises1 :i* usually culm9ate 9 los+ a rubb] :i* ought to h be5 won4 ,aft] ! ,laws ( ! game h be5 le>nt1 ! next proce$+ is to le>n ! leads4 ,no man c ev] hope to be m ?an a v indiff]5t play] :o does n "k ! leads2 yet1 f a long ,:i/ exp]i5ce1 x c be /at$ t at lea/ "o-?ird ( ^? :o h play$ ! game ( ,:i/1 probably dur+ tw5ty or m ye>s1 h nev] become famili> ) !m4 ,! foll[+ ,table gives ! orig9al leads n[ adopt$1 & ! second lead3#fc-- #aid ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,hold+1 9 pla9 suits-- ,fir/ ,second lead4 lead4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave k+ knave ,ace1 k+1 que5 k+ que5 ,ace1 k+1 & o!rs k+ ace ,ace1 k+ only ace k+ ,k+1 que51 knave1 ) "o k+ knave small "o ,k+1 que51 knave1 & m knave k+1 if five2 que51 ?an "o o!r if m ?an five ,ace & f\r or m small ace f\r? be/ ( ^? rema9+ ,k+1 que51 & o!rs k+ if k+ w9s1 f\r? be/ ( ^? rema9+ ,ace1 que51 knave1 ) or ace que5 )\t "o small "o ,ace1 que51 knave1 ) two ace knave or m ,k+1 knave1 t51 n9e n9e k+1 if ace or que5 falls ,k+1 knave1 t5 t5 ,que51 knave1 t51 n9e que5 n9e ,que51 knave & "o small que5 ,que51 knave1 & two or f\r? m be/ ,9 trumps4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave knave que5 ,ace1 k+1 que5 que5 k+ ,ace1 k+1 & five o!rs k+ ace ,ace1 k+1 & few] ?an f\r? five small be/ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,^! leads give ! majority ( cases t occur2 !re are _m o!r comb9ations ( ! c>ds1 b ! g5]al pr9ciple w be und]/ood f ^? :i* h be5 giv54 ,to deviate f ^! leads is to c\rt disa/]1 s9ce r&om leads t5d #aie to puzzle a good p>tn]1 & to conceal f him ! numb] & value ( ! c>ds 9 ! lead]'s h&4 ,^! leads ref] prim>ily to ! fir/ lead ( ! suit only4 ,:5 a second lead ( t suit is adopt$1 ! c>d to be play$ may dep5d on ! c>ds :i* fell 9 ! fir/ r\nd4 ,! fir/ lead ( a suit1 & ! c>d to lead1 belong to ! m]e elem5t>y r\t9e ( ,:i/4 ,^! leads require no skill & no reason4 ,!y may be le>n$ z ! alphabet is le>n$1 & committ$ to memory4 ,to "k !m r5d]s ,:i/ a mu* m easy game to play ?an if !y are n kn[n4 ,a play] ^: turn x is to op5 ! game ) ! lead ought to "k at once :at c>d to lead4 ,if he has to consid] :e!r he ought to comm5ce ) ?is1 t1 or ! o!r c>d1 he too (t5 plays ! game f beg9n+ to end 9 opposition to ! well-e/abli%$ pr9ciples1 :i* h be5 prov$ to be ^? be/ adapt$ = ga9+ success4 ,,return ,,leads4 ,:5 return+ a p>tn]'s lead1 ! c>d to return him is ! high] ( two rema9+1 ! l[e/ ( ?ree or m rema9+4 ,?us1 if y held orig9ally ace1 knave1 & ! ?ree1 & y\r p>tn] l$ ?is suit1 y %\ld play ! ace ?ird 9 h&1 & return ! knave4 ,if y held ace1 knave1 f\r1 & ?ree1 y w9 ) ! ace1 & return ! ?ree4 ,x does n foll[ t y %\ld return y\r p>tn]'s lead imm$iately4 ,y may wi% him to ab&on 8 suit1 & to play = "o ( y\r own4 #aif ,if s1 ! correct c>d ( ?is suit %\ld be l$1 s t y\r p>tn] may be in=m$ ( ! *ange ( policy :i* y advocate4 ,if he has confid5ce 9 y1 he w !n ab&on 8 own suit & play = y\rs4 ,to return y\r p>tn]'s lead at once means t y h no bett] game ( y\r own4 ,al?\gh1 z a g5]al rule1 x is advisable to lead f a num]ically /rong suit1 yet to cont9ue ?is suit :5 ! p>tn] is f\nd to hold no high c>d 9 x is n w9n+ play4 ,= example1 a play] holds six diamonds1 head$ by ! n9e2 "o trump1 ! five 7clubs72 ?ree spades1 head$ by ! que52 ?ree he>ts1 head$ by ! knave4 ,he leads ! f\r? be/ diamond2 8 p>tn]1 ?ird 9 h&1 plays knave2 f\r? h& w9s ) que54 ,! orig9al lead] may n[ feel confid5t t bo? ! ace & k+ ( diamonds are aga9/ him2 if1 !re=e1 he w9 a trick ) ! que5 ( spades1 x w\ld be useless to lead ano!r diamond1 unless he is anxi\s to =ce 8 p>tn]1 :i*1 ) "o trump only1 w\ld n be s\nd play4 ,,second ,,9 ,,h&4 ,aft] ! lead1 ! c>d to play second 9 h& is ! mo/ important item 9 ,:i/4 ,! c>d play$ second h& may be to protect y\r p>tn]1 or to in=m him ( ! rema9+ c>ds ( ! suit 9 y\r h&4 ,! play second h& 9 trumps is diff]5t f :at is adopt$ ) o!r suits1 = ! obvi\s reason t o!r suits may be trump$4 ,! foll[+ ,table %[s ! c>ds to be play$ second h&3-- #aig ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,hold+-- ,c>d l$4 ,play1 second h&4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,ace1 k+1 que5 small que5 ,ace1 k+1 knave small k+ ,ace1 k+1 & o!rs small k+ ,ace1 que51 t51 c4 small que5 ,ace1 que51 t51 c4 knave ace ,9 trumps small t5 ,ace1 que51 & small small small ,ace1 knave1 t51 c4 small small ,9 trumps small t5 ,ace & small small small ,k+1 que51 knave1 c4 small knave ,k+1 que51 c4 small que5 ,que51 knave1 t51 c4 small t5 ,que51 knave1 & small small knave ,ace & small que5 ace ,k+ & o!rs small que5 small ,k+ & "o o!r small small ,que5 & "o o!r small small ,que5 & "o o!r knave or t5 que5 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,:5 a c>d is l$ by ! orig9al lead]1 ! second play] ought at once to draw conclusions z to ! o!r c>ds 9 ! lead]'s h&4 ,= example1 orig9al lead] plays ! two ( clubs1 spades be+ trumps4 ,! fir/ conclusion is1 t ! two is ! l[e/ ( a f\r suit4 ,if x 7 a five suit1 ! l[e/ c>d w\ld n h be5 l$4 ,x may be a ?ree suit2 if s1 ! lead] probably holds f\r trumps1 b consid]s he is n /rong en\gh to lead ^!4 ,if he held a f\r suit1 n trumps1 he w\ld h comm5c$ ) ! l[e/ ( ?is f\r suit4 ,judg+ f ! lead1 z to ! value ( ! suit f :i* ! orig9al lead has be5 made1 is ! result fir/ ( obs]vation1 !n ( reason4 #aih ,9 ord] to be able to d]ive all ! advantages f obs]v+ ! fir/ c>d l$1 a play] %\ld practise sort+ 8 c>ds rapidly1 s z to h ^! ready be=e a c>d is l$4 ,"s play]s sort ea* suit sep>ately1 & ?us g ov] _! c>ds f\r times1 & take m ?an twice z long to arrange _! c>ds z w\ld be requir$ if ! f\r suits 7 sort$ simultane\sly4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is delay1 !y are look+ at ! c>ds 9 _! h& :5 !y ought to be look+ at ^? on ! table2 !y are s mu* occupi$ ) ! sort+ ( _! c>ds :il/ ! game is be+ play$1 t !y _c obs]ve & draw conclusions f ! c>ds :i* fall f ea* play]'s h&4 ,,:at ,,to ,,play ,,?ird ,,h&4 ,! play ( ! ?ird h& is mu* m simple ?an is t ( ! second4 ,! ?ird h& %\ld play 8 be/ c>d1 save "u "o or o!r ( ! ?ree foll[+ conditions1 viz43-- #a4 ,t ! second h& plays a c>d high] ?an any c>d held by ! ?ird h&2 ! l[e/ c>d is !n play$4 #b4 ,if a sequ5ce be held1 su* z k+1 que51 knave2 que51 knave2 ace1 k+2 c41 !n play ! l[e/ or l[] c>d ( ! sequ5ce4 #c4 ,:5 a f9esse is consid]$ desirable4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 b no less a tru?1 t _m p]sons :o h play$ ! game ( ,:i/ dur+ sev]al ye>s d n seem to realise :at a f9esse is4 ,to f9esse is to play a c>d1 n ! be/ 9 ! h&1 on ! *ance t ! high] c>d :i* #aii might w9 ! trick is on ! "r ( ! ?ird play]4 ,to take ! mo/ simple example1 we w assume t ! k+ ( spades is turn$ up to ! "r ( ! play] ,a2 ,b1 :o is ,a's p>tn]1 obta9s ! lead1 & plays a spade4 ,z1 :o 0 ! deal]1 plays a small spade2 ,a1 ?ird play]1 plays ! que51 hold+ ace & que5 ( spades4 ,if ,a did n "k t ,z held ! k+1 he ought yet to play ! que5 ?ird 9 h&1 on ! *ance t ,z held ! k+2 ?is w\ld be f9ess+ ! que54 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! k+ _h n be5 turn$ to ,a's "r1 & ,a l$ a small spade1 :i* ,b1 ,a's p>tn]1 won ) ! knave1 !n ,a w\ld "k t ! k+ ( ?is suit c\ld n be 9 ! h& ( 8 "r adv]s>y2 & if 8 p>tn] return$ ?is suit1 ,a mu/ play 8 ace1 ?ird 9 h&1 n 8 que54 ,to play 8 que5 w\ld n be a f9esse1 b w\ld be play+ ! que5 to be tak5 by ! k+2 :51 p]haps1 8 ace1 if ! suit 7 o!r ?an trumps1 might be trump$ 9 ! ?ird r\nd4 ,:5 x is kn[n t a c]ta9 high c>d _c be 9 ! h& ( ! "r-h& adv]s>y1 x is worse ?an useless to play z ?\gh x might be !re4 ,f9esses are ( two k9ds1 speculative & obligatory4 ,! f9esse speculative is z foll[s3--,y hold ace1 que52 or ace1 que51 knave ( a suit1 :i* y\r p>tn] leads4 ,?ird 9 h&1 y play ! que51 if y hold ace1 que52 or knave if y hold ace1 que51 knave4 ,?is play is adopt$ on ! *ance t ! k+ is to y\r "r1 & is !re=e a speculation4 ,! f9esse obligatory is z foll[s3--,y hold k+1 t51 sev51 & ?ree ( a suit1 & y lead #bjj ! ?ree2 y\r p>tn] plays ! que51 & w9s ! trick1 & returns a small c>d ( ! suit4 ,f ! fact ( ! que5 w9n+1 y "k ! ace is n held by y\r "r-h& adv]s>y2 y also "k y\r p>tn] does n hold ! knave4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] returns a small c>d ( ! suit1 y "k he does n hold ! ace4 ,if bo? ! ace & knave are to y\r left1 x matt]s n :e!r y play k+ or t5 ?ird 9 h&4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! knave be to y\r "r1 y\r t5 draws ! ace1 & y rema9 ) ! k+1 ! be/ c>d ( ! suit4 ,h5ce y are oblig$ to play ! t5 ?ird 9 h& 9 ord] to give y\rself "o *ance--viz41 t ! knave is to y\r "r2 consequ5tly1 ?is is call$ ! f9esse obligatory4 ,be=e a speculative f9esse is attempt$1 ! /ate ( ! score %\ld be consid]$2 if only "o trick is requir$ to w9 ! game1 & y hold ace1 que5 ( a suit1 ! ace %\ld be play$1 unless !re is a c]ta9ty ( ?is ace be+ trump$4 ,also a play] %\ld consid] :e!r x is specially desirable t he obta9 ! lead1 :5 he has ! *ance ( a f9esse4 ,if ! lead is important1 ! f9esse %\ld n be made2 if ! lead w\ld be detrim5tal1 x %\ld g5]ally be attempt$4 ,:at a f9esse really is %\ld n[ be compreh5d$4 ,x is n m]ely play+ ! que5 ?ird 9 h& :5 hold+ ace1 que51 b x is play+ ! que5 on ! *ance t ! k+ may be 9 ! h& ( ! second play]4 ,if ! second play] hold none ( ! suit1 no f9esse c be made2 ! ace mu/ be play$ by ! ?ird play]1 if second h& has n trump$4 ,x is curi\s h[ (t5 bad play]s w commit ! error ( play+ que5 ?ird #bja h&1 hold+ ace1 que51 :5 ! second play] has fail$ to foll[ suit1 & has refus$ to trump4 ,,! ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,f\r? ,,h&4 ,! f\r? play] has to w9 ! trick if he c1 ) ! l[e/ c>d 9 8 h&4 ,if he _c w9 ! trick1 he plays 8 mo/ wor?less c>d4 ,,:i/ ,,conv5tions4 ,f an exam9ation ( ! leads1 x w be se5 t "o ma9 object is to convey in=mation to y\r p>tn]4 ,! k+ is l$ be=e ! ace1 s t y\r p>tn] may fairly conclude t1 if ! k+ w9s ! trick1 y hold ! ace4 ,if1 aft] ! k+1 ! que5 be l$1 he obta9s an additional piece ( in=mation4 ,! sci5ce ( ,:i/ is 9 great measure bas$ on ?is pr9ciple ( giv+ in=mation to y\r p>tn] by means ( ! c>ds y play4 ,among ! conv5tions n[ univ]sally adopt$1 p]haps ! mo/ important is-- ,,! ,,call ,,= ,,trumps4 ,if a play] be desir\s to obta9 a lead ( trumps f 8 p>tn]1 he c intimate su* desire by play+ an unnecess>ily high c>d to a trick4 ,x mu/ be di/9ctly und]/ood t ! play ( an unnecess>ily high c>d means a dem& on ! p>tn] to lead a trump4 ,:at1 !n1 is an unnecess>ily high c>d8 ,if a play]1 second or f\r? 9 h&1 play1 say a six1 & on ! second r\nd ( ! same suit play a #bjb two1 ?ree1 f\r1 or five1 he has play$ an unnecess>ily high c>d1 & has call$ = trumps4 ,if a play] ?ird 9 h& w9 ) ! ace1 return ! k+1 & !n play a small c>d1 he has intimat$1 by play+ ! ace1 t he wi%es 8 p>tn] to lead a trump1 ! ace be+ an unnecess>ily high c>d4 ,! play by ! second h& ( a high1 !n a l[1 c>d may n indicate t an unnecess>ily high c>d _h be5 fir/ play$4 ,= example1 second h& holds que51 knave1 & two ( a suit2 ! ?ree is l$1 second h& plays knave1 &1 on ! return ( ! suit1 plays ! two4 ,"s unreason+ p>tn]s w\ld at once jump at ! conclusion t ?is 0 a call = trumps1 because a high1 !n a l[1 c>d 0 play$ by _! p>tn]4 ,if ! second play] wi%$ to call = trumps1 he w\ld play 8 que51 n ! knave1 "u ! above conditions4 ,"s p>tn]s are s d5se 9 ^! matt]s t x is dang]\s to play a protect+ c>d second h& = fe> !y may assume ?is to be a call = trumps4 ,if "o holds knave1 t51 & a small c>d1 & ! t51 :i* is ! correct c>d to play second h&1 be put on1 a bad p>tn] w conclude1 :5 he sees ! small c>d play$ 9 ! next r\nd1 t 8 p>tn] mu/ h ask$ = trumps1 because a t51 !n a small c>d _h be5 play$4 ,?is errone\s conclusion is usually arriv$ at :5 ! p>tn] is only sup]ficially acqua9t$ ) ! c>d t ought to be play$ second h&4 ,! play] :o calls = trumps intimates to 8 p>tn] t he is s /rong t if trumps are l$ to him he is prep>$ to und]take all responsibility = ! consequ5ces4 ,to ignore su* a signal is unju/ifiable4 #bjc ,x is a s]i\s /ep to call = trumps1 ev5 ) five trumps & two hon\rs1 if ! o!r suits are v weak4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! play] holds "o or two que5s1 ) su* o!r c>ds 9 ^? suits z to r5d] x probable t ! que5 may be trump$ 9 ! ?ird r\nd by "o ( ! adv]s>ies1 !n a call may be all[able4 ,:5 call+ = trumps1 ! c>d select$ ) :i* to call %\ld1 if possible1 be a middle c>d1 s t1 if necess>y1 ! call may be tempor>ily conceal$4 ,= example1 suppose "o holds ! six1 five1 & f\r ( diamonds1 & five or six trumps 7clubs71 & "o is second play]4 ,orig9al lead] />ts ) ! diamond suit2 second play]1 wi%+ to call1 %\ld play ! five1 n ! six2 ?ird h& plays que52 p>tn] drops t54 ,ace ( diamonds is return$2 p>tn] drops knave1 & ?us %[s no m diamonds2 orig9al call] may n[1 ) advantage1 conceal 8 call by play+ ! six4 ,:5 ! orig9al call] obta9s ! lead1 he may play 8 f\r1 ?us all[+ 8 p>tn] to make a small trump1 &1 at ! same "t1 %[+ t ! five :i* he orig9ally play$ 0 a call4 ,,! ,,e*o ,,to ,,! ,,call4 ,if p>tn] has call$ = trumps1 & y are able to lead trumps to him1 lead ! highe/ ( ?ree1 ! l[e/ ( f\r1 unless ! ace be "o ( ! f\r1 :5 lead ! ace1 !n ! l[e/4 ,if y\r p>tn] lead w9n+ trumps1 & y hold f\r1 play to 8 leads1 fir/1 ! l[e/ b "o1 !n ! l[e/4 ,?is %[s f\r trumps at lea/4 ,also if1 be=e ei!r y or y\r p>tn] obta9 ! lead1 y h #bjd ! *ance ( play+ an unnecess>ily high c>d :i* does n damage y\r h&1 d s1 if y hold f\r or m trumps & y\r p>tn] has call$4 ,if ! adv]s>ies ei!r call or lead trumps1 !n1 conceal ! fact t y hold f\r4 ,x is ev5 sometimes advisable1 if y "k y\r p>tn] is weak 9 trumps1 & ! adv]s>ies are lead+ trumps1 & y hold only ?ree1 to play ^! z ?\gh y held f\r2 ! /rong h& may !n draw 8 p>tn]'s la/ trump1 "u ! impression t y hold x4 ,su* false-c>d+1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be attempt$ until "o has acquir$ pr(ici5cy 9 ! game4 ,,disc>d+4 ,x is a mo/ important matt] to "k :at to disc>d1 :5 y hold none ( ! suit l$1 & ei!r _c or d n ?9k x desirable to trump4 ,! disc>d may be gr\p$ "u ?ree heads3-- #a4 ,:5 trumps h n be5 l$1 nor h be5 call$ = by ei!r adv]s>y4 ,!n disc>d ! l[e/ ( ! weake/ suit4 #b4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] has l$ trumps1 & y h to disc>d on a w9n+ c>d ( 81 ?r[ away ! l[e/ c>d ( y\r weake/ suit4 #c4 ,if ! adv]s>ies h ei!r l$ trumps or h call$ = trumps1 ?r[ away ! l[e/ c>d ( ! /ronge/ suit4 ,simple z ?is sy/em ( disc>d+ really is1 & s\nd z x is1 "s play]s nev] seem to compreh5d x4 ,!y w too (t5 d ! v opposite1 & w ?r[ away f _! /rong suit :5 _! p>tn] has l$ trumps1 & f _! weak suit :5 ! adv]s>ies h l$ trumps4 #bje ,:5 a play] has _h ! orig9al lead1 & has %[n /r5g? 9 "o suit1 x is unnecess>y t he tell 8 p>tn] t he is /rong 9 t suit by disc>d+ f x :5 ! adv]s>ies h l$ trumps2 he may !n disc>d f a weak suit1 unless he has to keep x gu>d$4 ,t[>ds ! end ( a h&1 & :5 only f\r or five c>ds rema91 ! disc>d is (t5 ( vital importance1 & %\ld be c>efully att5d$ to by a p>tn]4 ,att5tion may be call$ to ! occasional advisability ( disc>d+ falsely1 :5 "o has ma/]$ ! pr9ciples ( ! game4 ,su* false disc>d may be und]/ood by ! foll[+ example4 ,suppose y hold ace1 que51 & two small clubs & two small spades4 ,! adv]s>ies h l$ trumps1 & y\r left-h& play] has drawn ! la/ trump f y\r p>tn]4 ,accord+ to rule1 y ought to disc>d a club1 to %[ y\r p>tn] y\r /rong suit4 ,z1 h[ev]1 y\r left adv]s>y has ! lead1 he w\ld at once lead a spade up to y\r indicat$ weak suit4 ,y may !re=e disc>d a spade1 9 ! hope t he may lead a club up to y\r ace1 que54 ,,! ,,use ,,& ,,abuse ,,( ,,trumps4 ,! suit t is trumps is ! mo/ p[]ful suit ( all4 ,a two ( trumps w beat ! ace ( ano!r suit4 ,consequ5tly1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t trumps be treat$ ) ! greate/ respect4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! orig9al lead] ) a /rong num]ical h& ( trumps %\ld lead !m1 six or ev5 five trumps be+ num]ical /r5g?1 ev5 ?\gh no hon\r is held4 ,if ! orig9al lead] #bjf hold six trumps1 !re are only sev5 o!rs aga9/ him2 & if ^! be divid$ z !y mo/ g5]ally w be1 viz4 two ea* 9 two h&s & ?ree 9 "o o!r1 ?ree r\nds ( trumps w extract all ! trumps except ! ?ree rema9+ 9 ! lead]'s h&2 9 :i* case ?ree c]ta9 tricks are held by ! lead]4 ,if "o play] hold six trumps1 x is probable t 8 p>tn] holds a long suit 7n trumps72 & if trumps be extract$1 8 p>tn] may make sev]al tricks 9 ?is long suit4 ,!re is no fe> ( ! adv]s>ies do+ s1 z ! long suit w\ld be trump$ by ! lead] :o held orig9ally five or six trumps4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 p>tn] has no good c>ds1 a valuable score c h>dly be made by any me?od ( play4 ,!re=e1 to lead trumps1 if /rong 9 !m1 is almo/ imp]ative1 al?\gh ! lead] may hold no w9n+ c>d 9 any o!r suit4 ,if ! p>tn] only hold "o trump1 :i* w be discov]$ 9 ! second r\nd1 x is advisable to cont9ue lead+ a trump 9 ord] to draw two ( ! adv]s>ies' trumps toge!r1 & ?us to prev5t !m f mak+ ^! sep>ately4 ,"o ( ! great difficulties :i* play]s only p>tially acqua9t$ ) ! game exp]i5ce1 is :5 to trump or n to trump a d\btful c>d4 ,x has be5 laid d[n z a law n to trump a d\btful c>d if /rong 9 trumps1 & _m play]s w nev] trump a d\btful c>d if !y hold only f\r small trumps1 z !y seem to consid] su* a h& is /rong4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t refus+ to trump a d\btful c>d is 9 reality decl9+ to make c]ta9 ( a trick1 9 ex*ange = a possibility t "o's p>tn] may hold ! w9n+ c>d ( ! suit4 ,if #bjg ! adv]s>y hold ! w9n+ c>d1 !n a trick has be5 actually lo/ by decl9+ to trump4 ,h[1 !n1 c ! loss ( ?is trick be recov]$8 ,x may be recov]$ if ! play] :o refus$ to trump is able to extract ! adv]s>ies' trumps1 & br+ 9 "o or m c>ds ( a long suit1 a proce$+ :i* he w\ld h be5 unable to accompli% _h he trump$ ! d\btful c>d4 ,also1 ! play] :o refus$ to trump may get rid ( a wor?less c>d ( "s o!r suit1 :i* he may !n be able to trump %\ld ! w9n+ c>d ( t suit be aga9/ him4 ,:51 h[ev]1 no c>d t is wor?less c be ?r[n away1 & :5 /r5g? 9 trumps has be5 indicat$ aga9/ him1 a play] c ) advantage trump a d\btful c>d1 ev5 ?\gh he hold f\r trumps1 "o ( :i* is an hon\r4 ,ano!r important item 9 connection ) trump+ a d\btful c>d is :e!r "o desires ! lead1 or does n wi% = x4 ,if ! lead w\ld be disadvantage\s1 !n ! d\btful c>d %\ld n be trump$1 & vice v]sa4 ,:5 "o's p>tn] has ei!r l$ or has call$ = trumps1 !n ! d\btful c>d %\ld be trump$ )\t hesitation1 & ! be/ trump l$ to ! p>tn]'s call or lead ( trumps4 ,"o v common & (t-repeat$ error ( ! bad play] is to refuse to trump a w9n+ c>d m]ely because he holds f\r trumps ) "o hon\r4 ,he w refuse to trump m ?an once1 & imag9es he is play+ a /rong w9n+ game by disc>d+ "o or m wor?less c>ds ( a %ort suit1 :i* he believes he w be able to trump :5 ?is suit is l$4 #bjh ,) a h& ( trumps n suffici5tly /rong to make c]ta9 ( extract+ all ! trumps & rema9+ ) ! lead1 x is advisable to consid] h[ _m tricks are likely to be won by ! trumps 9 "o's own h&4 ,= example1 ! trumps held are que51 n9e1 f\r1 & two4 ,x is n likely t m ?an "o trump w make a trick1 & possibly n "o4 ,we h ! *ance ( trump+ a d\btful c>d1 & we refuse to make ev5 "o ( our trumps1 & ?r[ away a c]ta9 trick if our p>tn] does n hold ! w9n+ c>d ( t suit4 ,if our p>tn] does hold ! w9n+ c>d ( ! suit1 he may n be oblig$ to play x on our trump2 & x is no sev]e loss to make "o trump out ( f\r1 ev5 if ! p>tn] does hold ! w9n+ c>d4 ,x _c be too /rongly impress$ on ! "y play] t ! great object ( ,:i/ is to w9 tricks1 & to refuse to w9 a trick :5 y c d s is to accept a dang]\s responsibility4 ,,und]play4 ,"o ( ! wor/ =ms ( bad play is to repeat$ly *ange ! suit1 & ?us1 by cont9u+ to make y\r p>tn] ?ird play]1 to incur ! risk ( sacrific+ ! be/ c>ds ( ea* suit t are 9 8 h&4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( lead+ a fre% suit 9 :i* y may be v weak1 x is frequ5tly saf] to return ! adv]s>ies' lead1 especially if x is evid5t t y c lead ?r\gh ! /rong h& up to ! weak4 ,9 ord] to take full advantage ( ?is lead1 :at is t]m$ und]play may be attempt$4 ,z an example ( und]play1 ! foll[+ is giv54 ,a1 orig9al lead]1 leads ! two ( spades1 ?us indicat+ #bji mo/ probably a f\r suit2 ,a1 x is evid5t by ?is lead1 does n hold k+1 que5 ( ! suit4 ,y1 ! second play]1 plays ! ?ree ( spades2 ,b1 ?ird play]1 plays ! n9e2 & ,z1 f\r? play]1 hold+ ace1 t51 & f\r ( spades1 w9s ! trick ) ! t54 ,z1 hav+ no c\rt c>d 9 ! ?ree rema9+ suits1 fe>s to lead any "o ( ^!4 ,z kn[s t he possesses ! ace ( spades1 b ?is fact is n kn[n to ,a4 ,z !n und]plays by lead+ back ! f\r ( spades4 ,a1 :o holds k+1 knave1 eight1 plays knave second h&2 ,y w9s ) que51 & n[ kn[s t 8 p>tn] holds ! ace1 = _h ,a held ! ace he w\ld h play$ x second 9 h&4 ,y1 n[ hav+ ! lead1 c %[ 8 /rong suit1 & may fairly assume t 8 p>tn] has no good suit1 because1 _h he be5 /rong 9 any suit1 he w\ld h l$ a c>d ( x1 in/ead ( at once resort+ to und]play4 ,,false ,,c>ds4 ,false c>ds are play$ ei!r 9 consequ5ce ( ignorance1 or = ! purpose ( deception4 ,a play] :o has nev] tr\bl$ himself to le>n ! leads is p]petually play+ false c>ds1 & deceiv+ 8 p>tn]4 ,?us1 ) a suit ( five head$ by "o hon\r 7n ! ace71 a play] :o leads ! l[e/ ( ?is suit1 in/ead ( ! f\r? be/1 has l$ a false c>d1 & has1 accord+ to ,:i/ rules1 told 8 p>tn] a falsehood1 viz4 t he holds only f\r in/ead ( five c>ds 9 ?is suit4 ,a play] :o holds ace1 k+1 & que5 ( a suit1 & leads k+ !n ace1 also tells 8 p>tn] a #baj falsehood1 inasmu* z he makes ! c>ds say3 ,i don't hold ! que5 ( ?is suit4 ,false c>ds1 play$ delib]ately1 are ^? :i* a play] kn[s he ought n to play accord+ to rule2 su*1 = example1 z w9n+ a trick ) ! ace :5 x c\ld h be5 won ) ! k+1 or play+ ! que5 ( a suit on an adv]s>y's k+ :5 ! knave 0 held4 ,! cases 9 :i* false c>ds c be play$ ) advantage are r>e1 b sometimes1 especially 9 trumps1 success may foll[ ! play ( a false c>d4 ,! foll[+ is an example3--,a holds ace1 k+1 t51 & eight ( diamonds 7trumps74 ,:5 ,y1 ! left-h& adv]s>y1 obta9s ! lead1 he plays a small diamond2 ,z1 ! "r-h& adv]s>y1 plays que5 ?ird 9 h&4 ,a may n[ w9 ) ace1 ?us /at+1 9 effect1 t he does n hold ! k+4 ,y may n[ conclude t 8 p>tn] probably holds ! k+1 &1 on aga9 obta9+ ! lead1 may play ano!r diamond up to k+1 t51 eight1 :5 ,a is c]ta9 to make bo? k+ & t54 ,,h[ ,,to ,,play ,,:i/4 ,:5 a play] has le>nt ! leads1 & :at to play second & ?ird 9 h&1 he c play a fairly intellig5t game4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 :5 !re are s _m ably writt5 books on ,:i/1 !re is no excuse = an habitual :i/-play] rema9+ ignorant ( su* elem5t>y matt]s z ! leads4 ,! skill & g5]al pr9ciples ( ! game may !n be /udi$4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions %\ld at ?is /age be att5d$ to3-- ,sort y\r h& z quickly z possible1 s z to be #baa able to =m "s idea ( ! /yle ( game y ought to play be=e a s+le c>d is l$4 ,rememb] t an av]age h& conta9s f\r c\rt c>ds1 ( hon\rs1 "o 9 ea* suit4 ,if ^! f\r c\rt c>ds be f\r knaves1 ! h& is bel[ ! av]age2 if f\r k+s1 or two k+s1 two que5s1 & a knave1 x is ab\t ! av]age4 ,:5 ! h& has be5 sort$1 & ! adv]s>y's score 8 be5 exam9$1 a play] c e/imate 8 *ances 7or ! c]ta9ty7 ( sav+ ! game4 ,if ! adv]s>ies h no?+ scor$ t[>ds ! game1 & y hold ace1 k+1 que5 ( trumps1 y "k t y mu/ w9 ?ree tricks1 & no?+ b a revoke c lose y ! game4 ,a bold] game may !n be attempt$ ?an w\ld be advisable if y _h n ! sav+ ( ! game 9 y\r own h&4 ,x is always desirable to make c]ta9 ( sav+ ! game be=e y attempt to w9 x4 ,we frequ5tly he> ra% play]s rem>k1 ,i nev] dream$ x possible t we c\ld lose ! game2 if ,i _h ?\ght s ,i c\ld h easily sav$ x4 ,! saf] plan is to always ?9k x possible to lose ! game1 unless y h ! sav+ ( x 9 y\r own h&4 ,al?\gh x is correct play to lead f ! longe/ num]ical suit1 especially :5 /rong 9 trumps1 x is mo/ detrim5tal to cont9ue to d s :5 v weak 9 trumps1 & :5 y h f\nd1 by ! c>d y\r p>tn] has play$ ?ird 9 h&1 t he has no w9n+ or protect+ c>d 9 t suit4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s1 if ?is lead be repeat$1 t "o adv]s>y holds ! w9n+ c>ds ( ! suit2 ! o!r falls %ort1 & is consequ5tly able to get rid ( wor?less c>ds on 8 p>tn]'s w9n+ c>ds4 ,z we h already _h occasion to rem>k1 & #bab ! fact %\ld be p]si/5tly borne 9 m9d1 ! great object at ,:i/ is to w9 tricks4 ,_m inexp]i5c$ play]s1 :o h sup]ficially le>nt c]ta9 rules1 seem to imag9e t x is bett] to refuse to w9 tricks 9 ord] to convey in=mation to a p>tn]1 or to deceive "o or bo? ( ! adv]s>ies4 ,?is proce$+ is mo/ commonly adopt$ :5 ! unskill$ play] holds f\r small trumps1 & is n provid$ ) a long suit1 & believes x to be good play to decl9e to trump a d\btful c>d second 9 h&4 ,) f\r small trumps1 x is m ?an probable t n "o ( ^! w w9 a trick except by trump+4 ,to refuse to trump a d\btful c>d indicates /r5g? 9 trumps1 & ?is /r5g? ought n to be less ?an five trumps1 ) or )\t an hon\r or hon\rs1 or f\r trumps ) two hon\rs4 ,,unblock+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important results ( ! mod]n sy/em ( lead+ is t a play] may "k :5 to unblock 8 p>tn]'s suit2 t is1 to avoid be+ left ) ! w9n+ c>d ( a suit ( :i* 8 p>tn] holds ! rema9d]4 ,! disa/]s t may result f n unblock+ are ( frequ5t occurr5ce ) ^? play]s :o ei!r d n "k ! leads1 or are incompet5t to grasp ! situation4 ,! foll[+ is a simple example3-- ,y holds ! ace1 knave1 #c ( clubs1 & f\r los+ c>ds 9 spades & he>ts4 ,z 7,y's p>tn]7 has extract$ all ! trumps 7diamonds71 & leads ! k+ ( clubs2 ,a foll[s suit ) ! #b1 ,y plays ! #c1 ,b plays ! #e4 ,z !n leads ! #d ( clubs2 ,a plays ! #i4 ,z1 #bac kn[+ f 8 p>tn]'s lead t ! latt] has ! que5 ( clubs1 ought to p]ceive at once t1 z reg>ds w9n+ ! trick1 8 ace & knave are equal c>ds2 b t ! =m] may ob/ruct ,y's o!r clubs1 :]eas ! latt] _c4 ,if ,z me*anically plays 8 l[] c>d 7p]haps be+ ev5 delud$ by ! belief t he is f9ess+671 he has successfully block$ 8 p>tn]'s suit2 because1 :5 he has play$ out 8 ace1 he mu/ lead ano!r suit1 & 8 p>tn]1 :o _h k+1 que51 #aj1 #h1 #d ( clubs1 & two small he>ts1 c nev] get 9 aga9 to make 8 two rema9+ clubs4 ,if ,y _h won ! second r\nd ( clubs ) 8 ace1 & return$ ! knave1 ,z w\ld h tak5 ! knave ) 8 que51 & w\ld !n h won tricks ) 8 t5 & f\r4 ,consequ5tly1 ,y & ,z w\ld h won five tricks 9 clubs1 in/ead ( only ?ree2 ,y !re=e1 by n unblock+ 8 p>tn]'s suit1 lo/ two tricks 9 t "o h&4 ,ano!r =m ( n unblock+ is ! foll[+3--,y leads ! knave ( spades1 :i* w9s2 he !n leads ! k+ ( ! same suit4 ,z1 8 p>tn]1 held orig9ally ace1 ?ree1 & two ( t suit4 ,:5 ,y leads ! k+ aft] ! knave1 ,z ought to "k t 8 p>tn] l$ orig9ally f five spades head$ by k+1 que51 knave4 ,x is !re=e ,z's duty to play 8 ace on 8 p>tn]'s k+1 & ?us unblock 8 p>tn]'s suit4 ,z n[ kn[s t1 z 8 p>tn] l$ orig9ally f five spades1 & he held orig9ally ?ree1 mak+ eight1 a ?ird r\nd ( spades mu/ be trump$ by "o ( ! adv]s>ies4 ,y1 if he kn[s 8 p>tn] to be a s\nd play]1 w feel c]ta9 t 8 p>tn] holds "o m spade2 because1 _h 8 p>tn] held ace & only "o o!r spade1 he w\ld #bad h play$ ! ace on ! knave1 9 ord] to unblock 8 p>tn]'s suit4 ,to be able to ?us aid a p>tn]1 ! leads mu/ be ?or\ghly kn[n1 s t f a p>tn]'s orig9al lead x may be fairly e/imat$ :at o!r c>ds ( ! suit he holds 9 8 h&1 & :51 consequ5tly1 x is desirable to unblock 8 suit4 ,,on ,,plac+ ,,! ,,lead4 ,! play] :o has to play la/ has an advantage ov] ! o!r play]s4 ,if ?is la/ play] hold ! k+ & "o o!r c>d ( a suit1 he is c]ta9 to make a trick ) ! k+1 unless x be trump$4 ,if ?is la/ play] hold ace1 que5 ( a suit1 he is c]ta9 to make !m bo?1 unless "o or ! o!r is trump$4 ,t[>ds ! end ( a h&1 & :5 a fairly correct e/imate may be =m$ ( :]e c]ta9 c>ds are locat$1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance to place ! lead ei!r to ! "r or left1 accord+ z y wi% y\r p>tn] or y\rself to be l$ up to z la/ play]4 ,"s simple examples su* z ! foll[+ w illu/rate ^! cases4 ,a play]1 ,y1 holds ! k+ & "o o!r trump 7spades71 & "o trick is requir$ to w9 ! game2 he holds also a w9n+ he>t4 ,8 p>tn] ,z plays a ?irte5? diamond1 :i* is n trump$ by ! second play]1 :o disc>ds a he>t4 ,! ace & que5 ( spades are 9 h& some:]e1 & may bo? be held by an adv]s>y4 ,y mu/ !re=e play 8 w9n+ he>t on ! ?irte5? diamond1 :5 ! left adv]s>y1 aft] trump+1 mu/ lead up to ! k+ ( spades gu>d$1 :5 consequ5tly ! k+ mu/ w9 a trick1 & ! game4 ,simple #bae at ?is proce$+ is1 bad play]s w frequ5tly fail to grasp ! situation1 & w indulge 9 va9 imag9ations1 su* z t _! p>tn] has play$ ?is ?irte5? c>d 9 ord] to ask = ! be/ trump to be play$ on x4 ,or t ! p>tn] holds ! ace ( trumps1 & fe>s to play x out1 le/ he might cat* 8 p>tn]'s k+1 n p]ceiv+ t1 if t is s1 ! game is a c]ta9ty 9 any case4 ,su* s+ul> ideas are by no means uncommon ) ! bad play]4 ,ea* "t a play] leads a fre% suit 9 :i* he is weak1 he is play+ a dang]\s game1 inasmu* z he is giv+ an adv]s>y ! advantage ( be+ la/ play]4 ,x is a common error ( ! bad play] to *ange ! suit at r&om1 :5 he f9ds 8 p>tn] possesses little /r5g? 9 ! "o orig9ally l$ by him4 ,he ?us cont9ues to sacrifice 8 p>tn]1 & loses trick aft] trick4 ,! foll[+ is an example f actual play4 ,a held que51 eight1 five1 & two ( spades1 t51 eight1 & ?ree ( diamonds 7trumps71 knave1 eight1 five1 & two ( clubs1 ! six & f\r ( he>ts4 ,b1 8 p>tn]1 held k+1 & two small spades1 k+1 & two small diamonds 7trumps71 k+1 & ?ree small clubs1 k+1 & two small he>ts4 ,a l$ two ( spades1 ,b play$ k+ ?ird 9 h&1 :i* 0 captur$ by ace 9 ! f\r? 7,z's7 h&4 ,z return$ a spade1 :i* ,a won ) ! que54 ,a n[ l$ two ( clubs1 ,b play$ k+1 :i* 0 also captur$ by ,z ) ace4 ,z return$ a small club1 :i* ,y1 8 p>tn]1 won ) que54 ,y !n l$ a small he>t1 :i* ,z won ) que51 & return$ ace1 !n a small he>t4 ,a trump$ ! small he>t1 & ,b's k+ fell4 ,a1 aft] due #baf consid]ation1 n[ l$ "o ( 8 two rema9+ trumps4 ,b's k+ 0 captur$ by ! ace2 & ?us1 by 8 p>tn]'s *anges ( suit & trump+1 ,b1 ) f\r k+s1 did n w9 a trick ) any "o ( !m4 ,x is an old & well-kn[n maxim1 t a play] %\ld be cauti\s h[ he *anges suits4 ,if ! adv]s>ies hold ! be/ c>ds ( a suit1 !y mu/ make ^!1 & x is f> bett] to let !m d s by play+ a ?ird r\nd ( t suit1 & ?us plac+ ! lead 9 ! h& ( "o ( ! adv]s>ies1 ?an to op5 ano!r suit 9 :i* no high c>d is held4 ,! foll[+ examples ( plac+ ! lead are useful1 & %\ld be rememb]$1 because ei!r exactly su* cases or o!rs :i* are v simil> are p]petually recurr+ t[>ds ! end ( a h&4 ,y hold ! los+ trump--"o o!r 9 aga9/ y & to y\r left 7trumps be+ spades7--! ace1 que5 ( clubs1 ! ace1 que5 ( he>ts4 ,! k+ ( clubs & ! k+ ( he>ts are some:]e 9 ! o!r ?ree h&s4 ,?ree tricks are requir$ to w9 or save ! game4 ,! diamonds are all out4 ,to make a c]ta9ty ( w9n+ ?ree tricks1 play ! los+ trump2 y mu/ !n be l$ up to ei!r 9 clubs1 or he>ts1 & mu/ w9 ?ree tricks out ( y\r own h&4 ,x is sometimes advisable to ?r[ away :at w\ld be ! be/ c>d 9 y\r h& 9 ord] to place ! lead1 or at lea/ to attempt to place x4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( su* a case4 ,y hold f\r c>ds1 ! ace1 que5 ( spades 7trumps71 ! k+ & "o o!r he>t4 ,! k+ ( spades 0 turn$ up to y\r "r1 & y "k #bag ano!r trump gu>ds ! k+2 no trumps are 9 ! o!r h&s4 ,y\r left adv]s>y leads ! ace ( he>ts2 :5 he leads ano!r he>t y mu/ w9 ) ! k+ & mu/ lead up to ! k+ ( trumps1 :5 y w9 only two tricks4 ,if y ?r[ y\r k+ ( he>ts on ! ace1 y avoid obta9+ ! lead1 & y\r p>tn] may hold ! que51 & y\r ace1 que5 ( trumps w !n bo? w9 tricks4 ,%\ld y\r p>tn] n hold ! que51 y lose no?+ by ?is play1 z y mu/ make y\r ace1 que5 ( trumps if y h n ! lead1 & if y reta9$ ! k+ ( he>ts y c\ld n by any possibility w9 m ?an two tricks4 ,sometimes "o holds :at is call$ a trump too _m2 su* a case is ! foll[+4 ,y hold ace1 que51 & "o small trump 7spades71 & a los+ diamond2 y\r p>tn] holds ! be/ diamond4 ,! k+ ( spades is on y\r "r & is gu>d$1 & ?is adv]s>y has b two trumps4 ,y\r p>tn] has no trump1 & leads ! ace ( he>ts4 ,if y disc>d y\r diamond on ?is ace ( he>ts1 y mu/ trump ! be/ diamond1 & mu/ !n lead up to ! k+ ( trumps1 :5 y w9 only ?ree tricks out ( ! f\r4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y trump y\r p>tn]'s ace ( he>ts1 & lead ! diamond1 y aga9 transf] ! lead to y\r p>tn]1 & y make all f\r tricks1 z ! k+ ( trumps _c w94 ,9 ord] to ?or\ghly ma/] ^! simple problems1 x is advisable to place ! c>ds on ! table be=e y1 & exam9e su* cases4 ,!y frequ5tly occur1 & are1 m frequ5tly ?an n1 q ov]look$ by bad play]s1 :o w\ld ?9k #bah x q absurd to trump a p>tn]'s ace1 & :o omit to notice ! importance ( plac+ ! lead4 ,x is by ! mann] 9 :i* ! la/ f\r or five c>ds 9 a h& are play$ t skill 9 ,:i/ is %[n2 two & sometimes ?ree or f\r tricks are lo/ by bad play1 :5 only five or six c>ds rema9 9 ea* h&4 ,,! ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,twelf? ,,& ,,?irte5? ,,c>ds4 ,! play ( a twelf? or a ?irte5? c>d is "o requir+ c>eful consid]ation4 ,a play] may hold ! twelf? c>d1 & he may "k t 8 p>tn] does n hold ! ?irte5?4 ,he may "k1 & ought to "k1 :e!r 8 c>d is ! high] or l[] ( ! two rema9+4 ,he ought also to "k1 f ! leads & return leads1 :e!r ! "r or left adv]s>y holds ! o!r c>d ( ! suit4 ,a play] :o does n note su* details w\ld be bett] employ$ 9 a game ( ,begg>-my-neighb\r ?an at ,:i/1 ! =m] game be+ m suit$ to 8 intellectual capacity4 ,! lea/ dang]\s =m 9 :i* ! twelf? c>d c be play$ is :5 x is ! bett] ( ! two1 & :5 ! ?irte5? is 9 ! h& ( ! adv]s>y on ! "r4 ,! mo/ dang]\s1 except :5 plac+ ! lead = a specific purpose1 is :5 ! twelf? c>d is ! l[] ( ! two1 & ! be/ is held by ! left-h& adv]s>y4 ,:5 ! "r adv]s>y holds ! bett] c>d1 to play ! los+ c>d af=ds ! left-h& adv]s>y ! opportunity ( disc>d+ a wor?less c>d4 ,a trick #bai is frequ5tly lo/ by ! eag]ness ( an inexp]i5c$ play] to play 8 los+ twelf? c>d 9 ord] to all[ 8 p>tn] to make a trump4 ,be=e play+ ?is twelf? c>d1 w9n+ c>ds %\ld be play$ 9 ord] to prev5t ! second play] gett+ rid ( a los] & !n trump+ ! w9n+ c>d4 ,= example1 two r\nds ( he>ts h be5 play$1 ace & k+ be+ out4 ,a holds ! que5 ( he>ts & a los+ twelf? c>d4 ,left-h& adv]s>y holds small he>t & small trump4 ,:5 ! los+ twelf? c>d is play$1 he disc>ds 8 he>t1 & is ?us enabl$ to trump ! que54 ,if ! que5 ( he>ts _h be5 play$ fir/1 an extra trick w\ld h be5 won4 ,! play ( a ?irte5? c>d means "o ( two ?+s4 ,x is ei!r a dem& on y\r p>tn] to trump ) 8 be/ trump1 or x is an attempt to place ! lead4 ,x is = ! p>tn] to use 8 judgm5t z to :i* ( ^! proce$+s %\ld be adopt$4 ,to lead a ?irte5? c>d m]ely because1 z "s p]sons ass]t1 !y did n "k :at else to d1 is an exhibition ( feebl5ess ( intellig5ce4 ,,maxims4 ,^? p]sons :o desire to become :i/-play]s1 & n m]e play]s at ,:i/1 %\ld be> 9 m9d t ,:i/ is a comb9ation ( well-e/abli%$ rules1 :i* %\ld be obey$2 ( obs]vation1 :i* is usually misnam$ memory1 & ( reason1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial items t[>ds becom+ a :i/-play]4 ,9 ord] to put z little /ra9 z possible on ! reason+ p[]s1 x is advisable to #bbj become acqua9t$ ) c]ta9 maxims :i* c be committ$ to memory l prov]bs1 & c !n be act$ on dur+ ! game4 ,! foll[+ w be f\nd useful3-- #a4 ,note :e!r y hold a suffici5t numb] ( w9n+ c>ds 9 y\r h& to make c]ta9 ( sav+ ! game4 ,if y d1 y may run risks 9 ord] to w9 x4 #b4 ,be v c>eful t y d n make a mi/ake & imag9e t ! game _c be lo/1 :51 by "s unusual comb9ation ( c>ds1 x may be lo/4 #c4 ,imm$iately y\r p>tn] leads a c>d1 exam9e ! c>ds ( ! suit 9 y\r own h&1 & =m a prelim9>y op9ion ( ! /r5g? ( ! suit f :i* he l$4 ,= example1 y\r p>tn] leads ! six ( spades2 y hold ace1 que51 & five4 ,! second h& plays ! two1 y play ! que51 f\r? h& plays ! sev54 ,y ?us f9d ! ?ree & f\r h n be5 play$4 ,:]e are !y8 ,if ! f\r? play] hold ei!r1 he is call+ = trumps4 ,y return ! ace ( spades1 ! !n second play] plays ! t51 y\r p>tn] plays ! ?ree1 & ! la/ play] plays ! eight4 ,y ought n[ to "k j z well z if y _h se5 x1 t y\r p>tn] l$ f k+1 knave1 n9e1 six1 f\r1 & ?ree1 & />t$ ) ! f\r? be/ c>d4 ,to take a ?ird r\nd ( ?is suit w\ld be *ildi%1 z "o adv]s>y w\ld make a small trump1 ! o!r get rid ( a wor?less c>d1 & ?us %[ 8 p>tn] 8 weak suit4 #d4 ,if v /rong 9 two suits1 & y\r p>tn] lead f ! ?ird suit1 9 :i* y are weak1 lead him a trump imm$iately y ga9 ! lead1 al?\gh y hold only "o or two small trumps4 #bba #e4 ,nev] hesitate to give y\r p>tn] ! *ance ( a ruff1 unless he has l$ trumps1 or has call$4 ,to refuse to give him ?is *ance m]ely because y are weak 9 trumps1 is to play a los+ game4 #f4 ,at ! end ( a h&1 consid] ! importance ( plac+ ! lead4 ,= example1 y hold ! los+1 y\r p>tn] ! w9n+1 trump 7clubs71 & y hold ace1 que51 t5 ( diamonds4 ,"r-h& adv]s>y leads a small diamond1 y play y\r t51 & x w9s ! trick2 !re are o!r diamonds 9 y\r p>tn]'s h&1 ! value ( :i* y d n "k4 ,lead y\r los+ trump1 & y\r p>tn] w9s ?is & returns a diamond1 & y w9 all f\r tricks4 ,if ! k+ ( diamonds be to y\r "r1 y w\ld lose a trick by play+ ace !n que5 ( diamonds4 ,feeble play]s1 h[ev]1 w\ld be c]ta9 to lead ! ace ( diamonds1 hop+ t _! p>tn] w\ld trump ! que51 & t ?us ! trumps w\ld make sep>ately4 ,!y give up a c]ta9ty = a *ance1 & consid] x safe play to d s4 #g4 ,d y\r be/ to help y\r p>tn]1 n to play 9 opposition to him4 ,?us1 if y\r p>tn] call = trumps1 lead him y\r be/ if y h less ?an f\r1 y\r l[e/ if y hold f\r1 & y\r f\r? be/ if y hold m ?an f\r--! exception be+ :5 y hold ! ace1 :i* always lead to y\r p>tn]'s call4 ,d n refuse to lead a trump to y\r p>tn]'s call m]ely because !re is a *ance ( y\r ruff+ a suit4 ,?is is selfi% play1 & usually results 9 a loss1 ! suit y wi% to trump n unusually be+ y\r p>tn]'s /rong suit4 ,:5 y\r p>tn]1 by 8 disc>d 7or o!rwise71 has decl>$ /r5g? 9 "o suit & weakness 9 ano!r1 lead ! be/ c>d ( ! suit 9 :i* he #bbb has decl>$ /r5g?4 ,x is a crim9al act to lead 8 weak suit1 unless y hold all ! w9n+ c>ds ( t suit4 ,x is t[>ds ! end ( a h& t bad play]s display ! greate/ +5uity 9 select+ c>ds1 :i*1 :5 l$ or play$1 c alone lose ! game4 ,also revokes are m commonly committ$ by a play] :o holds only two or ?ree c>ds1 ?an !y are :5 he has 9 8 h& sev5 or eight c>ds4 ,nev] da% out a c>d1 aft] y h won a trick1 )\t exam9+ ! c>d t bo? y & y\r p>tn] h j previ\sly play$4 ,:5 y h ! game 9 y\r h&1 play z calmly z ?\gh y _h a difficult h& to play4 ,"t is r>ely1 if ev]1 sav$ by ?r[+ d[n y\r c>ds4 ,! adv]s>ies exam9e ^! delib]ately z _! only *ance1 & too (t5 x is f\nd t1 _h ! play] play$ 9 ! usual mann]1 he mu/ h won ! game1 b1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 c>ds be+ call$1 he has j miss$ w9n+ x4 ,,books ,,on ,,:i/4 ,if ! read] is ambiti\s to become a g5u9e :i/-play]1 ! foll[+ %\ld be /udi$--n glanc$ at & =gott51 b ?or\ghly ma/]$--& _! pr9ciples sy/ematically practis$3 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,%ort ,,:i/4 ,by ,james ,clay4 ,,cav5di% ,,on ,,:i/4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,practical ,,:i/4 ,by ,major-,g5]al ,drayson4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,:i/4 ,by ,dr4 ,w4 ,pole4 ,,:i/3 7,! ,club ,s]ies74 ,by ,dr4 ,w4 ,pole4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,:i/4 ,by ,erne/ ,b]gholt & ,leon>d ,leigh 7,philadelphia74 99 99 99 99 99 #bbc ,,bridge4 ,?is is a rec5t developm5t ( ! gr& old game ( ,:i/4 ,?\gh diff]+ widely 9 _m p>ticul>s f its prototype1 x is /ill ess5tially ,:i/1 ! innovations1 :ile introduc+ a new speculative elem5t1 af=d+ ev5 l>g] opportunities = ! ex]cise ( ! judgm5t & skill :i* ,:i/ prop] dem&s2 & ! be/ pro( ( its m]it lies 9 ! fact t ev5 by ! old /ag]s ( ! ,london clubs x is n[ g5]ally play$ 9 pref]5ce to ! classic game4 ,! ma9 elem5ts ( novelty 9 ,bridge1 z di/+ui%$ f ,:i/1 may be class$ "u ! foll[+ heads3-- #a4 ,! mann] ( decid+ ! trump suit4 #b4 ,diff]5t values ( tricks & hon\rs accord+ to ! suit made trumps4 #c4 ,lic5ce to ea* p>ty 9 turn to d\ble & re-d\ble ! normal value ( tricks4 #d4 ,! deal] play+ two h&s1 8 p>tn] becom+ a dummy4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! ,laws 9 detail1 x %\ld be premis$ t ,bridge1 l ord9>y ,:i/1 is play$ by f\r p]sons1 two aga9/ two1 ) ! full pack ( fifty-two c>ds 7two su* packs be+ #bbd us$ alt]nately74 ,! play]s cut = p>tn]s & = deal2 ! c>ds are %uffl$1 cut1 & dealt 9 ! usual way1 ?irte5 to ea* play]2 b no c>d is turn$ up1 ! trump suit be+ nam$ by ! deal]1 or by 8 p>tn]1 z h]eaft] expla9$4 ,be=e p]us+ ! foll[+ g5]al rem>ks1 ! read] %\ld /udy ! ,club code ( ,laws1 :i* w be f\nd at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 & :i* conta9s full p>ticul>s z to nam+ ! trump suit1 d\bl+ & re-d\bl+1 revoke p5alty1 mode ( reckon+ up po9ts1 c4 ,,! ,,score ,,9 ,,actual ,,practice4 ,?is is usually kept ^u a scor+ block1 rul$ z %[n ^u ! foll[+ page4 ,ea* column is int5d$ to receive ! score ( "o rubb]4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! column is divid$ midway by a horizontal l9e4 ,! portion bel[ ?is is = record+ ! value ( ! tricks won2 ! portion above = ! scor+ ( hon\rs & ! o!r subsidi>y elem5ts affect+ ! ultimate value ( ! rubb]4 ,a practical example w be/ illu/rate ! work+ ( ! plan4 ,a & ,b1 we w suppose1 are play+ aga9/ ,c & ,d4 ,diamonds h be5 decl>$ to be trumps1 & ,a & ,b h won 9 ! fir/ deal n9e tricks4 ,! value ( ea* trick1 :5 diamonds are trumps1 be+ #f po9ts1 ,a & ,b score 9 _! own column1 imm$iately bel[ ! c5tral l9e1 #ah4 ,!y h also toge!r held f\r hon\rs1 value 9 diamonds1 #bd4 ,!y accord+ly m>k #bd above ! l9e4 #bbe ,,bridge ,,scor+ ,,block4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,hon,,ours -- #h -- #ajj #af -- ---------------------------------------- -------- -- #af -- #cj #bd -- ,,tri,,cks #ah -- -- #bd #af -- ------------------------ #d -- #bd -- #b -- ------------------------ #ajd #agh #ajj ------------ #bjd #agh ------------ #bf ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,note4--,scor+ ,blocks ( ?is patt]n1 b usually ( l>g] size1 are issu$ by all c>d-mak+ /ation]s at l[ prices4 #bbf ,! next deal is play$ sans at\t4 ,c & ,d are ! w9n]s by two tricks1 & betwe5 !m hold ?ree aces4 ,! value ( ! two tricks is #bd1 :i* is scor$ bel[ ! l9e1 & ! value ( ! ?ree aces #cj1 :i* is scor$ above ! l9e4 ,9 ! ?ird deal1 he>ts are trumps4 ,a & ,b w9 two tricks1 value #af po9ts4 ,?is1 add$ to _! previ\s #ah1 makes !m #cb1 & !re=e gives !m ! game4 ,b ,c & ,d hold ?ree hon\rs1 value 9 he>ts #af3 ^! !y score above _! previ\s #cj4 ,! po9ts are n yet add$ up1 b a p5cil l9e is drawn above & bel[ ! scores ( bo? p>ties1 to indicate t !y repres5t a complet$ game4 ,9 ! next deal1 clubs are trumps4 ,a & ,b w9 ! odd trick1 value #d po9ts4 ,!y h also f\r hon\rs 7divid$71 value 9 clubs #af4 ,! next h& is play$ sans at\t4 ,a & ,b w9 two tricks1 value #bd1 b ,d holds f\r aces1 value #ajj4 ,9 ! next h&1 spades are trumps1 & ,a & ,b make ! odd trick1 value #b po9ts4 ,?is makes !m game1 giv+ !m ! rubb] z well1 b ,c & ,d hold betwe5 !m f\r hon\rs1 value 9 spades #h1 :i* numb] is accord+ly plac$ to _! cr$it4 ,we are n[ 9 a position to assess ! value ( ! rubb]4 ,ea* column is add$ up4 ,! total ( ,a & ,b's score is #ajd1 :ile t ( ,c & ,d is #agh4 ,b ! #ajj po9ts = ! rubb] h yet to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,^! are accord+ly add$ to ! score ( ,a & ,b1 br++ x up to #bjd4 ,f ?is total is d$uct$ ! #agh /&+ to ! cr$it ( ,c & ,d1 & ! diff]5ce1 #bbg #bf1 is ! numb] ( po9ts by :i* ,a & ,b are ! ga9]s4 ,z ! po9ts at ,bridge frequ5tly run into high figures1 x is z well to keep _! individual value small1 or a los] may f9d himself let 9 = an am\nt :i* he _h n int5d$ risk+4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,play4 ,s f> z ! sci5ce ( ! game is conc]n$1 ! ma9 po9t1 9 s f> z x diff]s f ,:i/1 is to be able to judge correctly :at suit %\ld be made trumps2 :e!r to play )\t trumps2 or1 la/ly1 :e!r to pass ! option to "o's p>tn]4 ,h&s are1 ( c\rse1 capable ( almo/ inf9ite v>iety1 & x is difficult to lay d[n rules :i* %all gov]n all cases4 ,! novice may1 h[ev]1 safely take to he>t ! foll[+ maxims3-- #a4 ,hold+ f\r aces1 ! deal] plays sans at\t1 inasmu* z he !reby secures f\r c]ta9 tricks1 besides "o hundr$ = 8 aces4 #b4 ,hold+ ?ree aces1 he %\ld d likewise1 unless he has a /rong r$ suit1 giv+ assurance ( a high score )\t risk1 :ile ! ,no-trump call involves dang]\s weakness 9 "o suit4 ,9 ?is case1 ! /rong r$ suit %\ld be decl>$4 #c4 ,e>ly 9 ! game1 if he _c safely decl>e ,no-trumps or a r$ suit1 & is n exceptionally /rong 9 clubs1 he %\ld pass ! option to 8 p>tn]4 #d4 ,:5 ! score ( ! deal] & 8 p>tn] is approa*+ game1 if ! deal] c make game a c]ta9ty by decl>+ a black suit trumps1 he %\ld usually d s4 #bbh ,= m detail$ advice z to ,bridge tactics1 ! read] may be ref]r$ to two h&y little works by ,w4 ,dalton1 entitl$ ,bridge at a ,glance & ,bridge ,abridg$1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,de la ,rue ,co4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ^! g5tlem51 we are enabl$ to repr9t ! au?oritative ,laws ( ! game1 z revis$ by a jo9t committee ( ! ,portl& & ,turf ,clubs4 ,x w be obs]v$ t !y foll[ v closely ! ,laws ( ,:i/2 b ! special features ( ,bridge h be5 m9utely consid]$ & provid$ =1 & a c>eful /udy ( ! ,laws w =m ! be/ possible introduction to a k ( ! game4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,bridge 7#aijd74 7,repr9t$1 by p]mission1 v]batim f ! ,club ,code47 ,,! ,,rubb]4 #a4 ,! ,rubb] is ! be/ ( ?ree games4 ,if ! fir/ two games be won by ! same play]s1 ! ?ird game is n play$4 ,,scor+4 #b4 ,a game consi/s ( ?irty po9ts obta9$ by tricks alone1 exclusive ( any po9ts c\nt$ = ,hon\rs1 ,*icane1 ,or ,slam4 #c4 ,e h& is play$ out1 & any po9ts 9 excess ( ! ?irty po9ts necess>y = ! game are c\nt$4 #d4 ,ea* trick above six c\nts two po9ts :5 spades are trumps1 f\r po9ts :5 clubs are trumps1 six po9ts :5 diamonds are trumps1 eight po9ts :5 he>ts are trumps1 & twelve po9ts :5 !re are no trumps4 #bbi #e4 ,hon\rs consi/ ( ace1 k+1 que51 knave1 & t5 ( ! trump suit4 ,:5 !re are no trumps !y consi/ ( ! f\r aces4 #f4 ,hon\rs 9 trumps are ?us reckon$3 ,if a play] & 8 p>tn] conjo9tly hold-- ,i4 ,! five hon\rs ( ! trump suit1 !y score = hon\rs five times ! value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,,ii4 ,any f\r hon\rs ( ! trump suit1 !y score = hon\rs f\r times ! value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,,iii4 ,any ?ree hon\rs ( ! trump suit1 !y score = hon\rs twice ! value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,if a play] 9 8 own h& holds-- ,i4 ,! five hon\rs ( ! trump suit1 he & 8 p>tn] score = hon\rs t5 times ! value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,,ii4 ,any f\r hon\rs ( ! trump suit1 !y score = hon\rs eight times ! value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,9 ?is la/ case1 if ! play]'s p>tn] holds ! fif? hon\r1 !y also score = hon\rs ! s+le value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,! value ( ! trump suit trick ref]r$ to 9 ?is ,law is its orig9al value1 e4g4 two po9ts 9 spades & six po9ts 9 diamonds2 & ! value ( hon\rs is 9 no way affect$ by any d\bl+ or re-d\bl+ t may take place "u ,laws #ec to #ef4 #g4 ,,hon\rs1 :5 !re are no trumps1 are ?us reckon$3 ,if a play] & 8 p>tn] conjo9tly hold-- ,i4 ,! f\r aces1 !y score = hon\rs =ty po9ts4 ,,ii4 ,any ?ree aces1 !y score = hon\rs ?irty po9ts4 ,if a play] 9 8 own h& holds-- ,! f\r aces1 he & 8 p>tn] score = hon\rs "o hundr$ po9ts4 #bcj #h4 ,,*icane is ?us reckon$3 ,if a play] holds no trump1 he & 8 p>tn] score = ,*icane twice ! value ( ! trump suit trick4 ,! value ( ,*icane is 9 no way affect$ by any d\bl+ or re-d\bl+ t may take place "u ,laws #ec to #ef4 #i4 ,,slam is ?us reckon$3 ,if a play] & 8 p>tn] make1 indep5d5tly ( any tricks tak5 = ! revoke p5alty-- ,i4 ,all ?irte5 tricks1 !y score = ,gr& ,slam =ty po9ts4 ,,ii4 ,twelve tricks1 !y score = ,little ,slam tw5ty po9ts4 #aj4 ,hon\rs1 ,*icane1 & ,slam are reckon$ 9 ! score at ! end ( ! rubb]4 #aa4 ,at ! end ( ! rubb]1 ! total scores = tricks1 hon\rs1 ,*icane & ,slam obta9$ by ea* play] & 8 p>tn] are add$ up2 "o hundr$ po9ts are add$ to ! score ( ! w9n]s ( ! rubb]1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two scores is ! numb] ( po9ts won1 or lo/1 by ! w9n]s ( ! rubb]4 #ab4 ,if an errone\s score affect+ tricks be prov$1 su* mi/ake may be correct$ prior to ! conclusion ( ! game 9 :i* x occurr$1 & su* game is n conclud$ until ! la/ c>d ( ! foll[+ deal has be5 dealt1 or1 9 ! case ( ! la/ game ( ! rubb]1 until ! score has be5 made up & agre$4 #ac4 ,if an errone\s score affect+ hon\rs1 ,*icane1 or ,slam be prov$1 su* mi/ake may be correct$ at any "t be=e ! score ( ! rubb] has be5 made up & agre$4 #bca ,,cutt+4 #ad4 ,! ace is ! l[e/ c>d4 #ae4 ,9 all cases1 e play] mu/ cut f ! same pack4 #af4 ,%\ld a play] expose m ?an "o c>d1 he mu/ cut aga94 ,,=mation ,,( ,,table4 #ag4 ,if !re are m ?an f\r c&idates1 ! play]s are select$ by cutt+1 ^? fir/ 9 ! room hav+ ! pref]5ce4 ,! f\r :o cut ! l[e/ c>ds play fir/1 & aga9 cut to decide on p>tn]s2 ! two l[e/ play aga9/ ! two highe/2 ! l[e/ is ! deal]1 :o has *oice ( c>ds & seats1 &1 hav+ once made 8 selection1 mu/ abide by x4 #ah4 ,:5 !re are m ?an six c&idates1 ^? :o cut ! two next l[e/ c>ds belong to ! table1 :i* is complete ) six play]s2 on ! retirem5t ( "o ( ^? six play]s1 ! c&idate :o cut ! next l[e/ c>d has a prior "r to any aft]-com] to ent] ! table4 #ai4 ,two play]s cutt+ c>ds ( equal value1 unless su* c>ds are ! two highe/1 cut aga92 %\ld !y be ! two l[e/1 a fre% cut is necess>y to decide :i* ( ^? two deals4 #bj4 ,?ree play]s cutt+ c>ds ( equal value cut aga92 %\ld ! f\r? 7or rema9+7 c>d be ! highe/1 ! two l[e/ ( ! new cut are p>tn]s1 ! l[] ( ^? two ! deal]2 %\ld ! f\r? c>d be ! l[e/1 ! two highe/ are p>tn]s1 ! orig9al l[e/ ! deal]4 #bcb ,,cutt+ ,,out4 #ba4 ,at ! end ( a rubb]1 %\ld admission be claim$ by any "o1 or by two c&idates1 he :o has1 or !y :o h1 plac$ a great] numb] ( consecutive rubb]s ?an ! o!rs is1 or are1 out2 b :5 all h play$ ! same numb]1 !y mu/ cut to decide ^u ! out-go]s2 ! highe/ are out4 ,,entry ,,& ,,re-,,entry4 #bb4 ,a c&idate1 :e!r he has play$ or n1 c jo9 a table :i* is n complete by decl>+ 9 at any "t prior to any ( ! play]s hav+ cut a c>d1 ei!r = ! purpose ( comm5c+ a fre% rubb] or ( cutt+ out4 #bc4 ,9 ! =mation ( fre% tables1 ^? c&idates :o h nei!r belong$ to nor play$ at any o!r table h ! prior "r ( entry2 ! o!rs decide _! "r ( admission by cutt+4 #bd4 ,any "o quitt+ a table prior to ! conclusion ( a rubb] may1 ) cons5t ( ! o!r ?ree play]s1 appo9t a sub/itute 9 8 abs5ce dur+ t rubb]4 #be4 ,a play] jo9+ "o table1 :il/ belong+ to ano!r1 loses 8 "r ( re-entry into ! latt]1 & takes 8 *ance ( cutt+ 91 z if he 7 a fre% c&idate4 #bf4 ,if any "o break up a table1 ! rema9+ play]s h ! prior "r to him ( entry into any o!r2 & %\ld !re n be suffici5t vacancies at su* o!r table to admit all ^? c&idates1 !y settle _! prec$5ce by cutt+4 #bcc ,,%uffl+4 #bg4 ,! pack mu/ nei!r be %uffl$ bel[ ! table1 nor s t ! face ( any c>d be se54 #bh4 ,! pack mu/ n be %uffl$ dur+ ! play ( ! h&4 #bi4 ,a pack1 hav+ be5 play$ )1 mu/ nei!r be %uffl$ by deal+ x into packets1 nor across ! table4 #cj4 ,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle once only 7except z provid$ by ,law #cc7 prior to a deal1 aft] a false cut1 or :5 a new deal has occurr$4 #ca4 ,! deal]'s p>tn] mu/ collect ! c>ds = ! ensu+ deal1 & has ! fir/ "r to %uffle t pack4 #cb4 ,ea* play]1 aft] %uffl+1 mu/ place ! c>ds1 prop]ly collect$ & face d[nw>ds1 to ! left ( ! play] ab\t to deal4 #cc4 ,! deal] has always ! "r to %uffle la/2 b %\ld a c>d or c>ds be se5 dur+ 8 %uffl+1 or :il/ giv+ ! pack to be cut1 he may be compell$ to re-%uffle4 ,,! ,,deal4 #cd4 ,ea* play] deals 9 8 turn2 ! ord] ( deal+ goes to ! left4 #ce4 ,! play] on ! deal]'s "r cuts ! pack1 &1 9 divid+ x1 mu/ n leave few] ?an f\r c>ds 9 ei!r packet2 if 9 cutt+1 or 9 replac+ "o ( ! two packets on ! o!r1 a c>d be expos$1 or if !re be any confusion ( ! c>ds1 or a d\bt z to ! exact place 9 :i* ! pack 0 divid$1 !re mu/ be a fre% cut4 #bcd #cf4 ,:5 a play]1 ^: duty x is to cut1 has once sep>at$ ! pack1 he _c alt] 8 int5tion2 he c nei!r re-%uffle nor re-cut ! c>ds4 #cg4 ,:5 ! pack is cut1 %\ld ! deal] %uffle ! c>ds1 ! pack mu/ be cut aga94 #ch4 ,! fifty-two c>ds %all be dealt face d[nw>ds4 ,! deal is n complet$ until ! la/ c>d has be5 dealt face d[nw>ds4 ,!re is no misdeal4 ,a ,,new ,,deal4 #ci4 ,!re mu/ be a new deal-- ,i4 ,if1 dur+ a deal1 or dur+ ! play ( a h&1 ! pack be prov$ to be incorrect or imp]fect4 ,,ii4 ,if any c>d be fac$ 9 ! pack4 ,,iii4 ,unless ! c>ds are dealt into f\r packets1 "o at a "t & 9 regul> rotation1 beg9n+ at ! play] to ! deal]'s left4 ,,iv4 ,%\ld ! la/ c>d n come 9 its regul> ord] to ! deal]4 ,v4 ,%\ld a play] h m ?an ?irte5 c>ds1 & any "o or m ( ! o!rs less ?an ?irte5 c>ds4 ,,vi4 ,%\ld ! deal] deal two c>ds at once1 or two c>ds to ! same h&1 & !n deal a ?ird2 b if1 prior to deal+ t c>d1 ! deal] c1 by alt]+ ! position ( "o c>d only1 rectify su* error1 he may d s4 ,,vii4 ,%\ld ! deal] omit to h ! pack cut to him1 & ! adv]s>ies discov] ! error prior to ! la/ c>d be+ dealt1 & be=e look+ at _! c>ds2 b n aft] hav+ done s4 #dj4 ,if1 :il/ deal+1 a c>d be expos$ by ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies1 ! deal] or 8 p>tn] may claim a new deal4 ,a c>d simil>ly expos$ by ! deal] or 8 p>tn] gives ! same claim to ea* adv]s>y4 ,! claim may n be made by a play] #bce :o has look$ at any ( 8 c>ds4 ,if a new deal does n take place1 ! expos$ c>d _c be call$4 #da4 ,if1 9 deal+1 "o ( ! la/ c>ds be expos$1 & ! deal] completes ! deal be=e !re is reasonable "t to decide z to a fre% deal1 ! privilege is n !reby lo/4 #db4 ,if ! deal]1 be=e he has dealt fifty-"o c>ds1 look at any c>d1 8 adv]s>ies h a "r to see x1 & may exact a new deal4 #dc4 ,%\ld ?ree play]s h _! "r numb] ( c>ds--! f\r? h less ?an ?irte51 & n discov] su* defici5cy until he has play$ any ( 8 c>ds1 ! deal /&s good2 %\ld he h play$1 he is z answ]able = any revoke he may h made z if ! miss+ c>d or c>ds _h be5 9 8 h&2 he may se>* ! o!r pack = x1 or !m4 #dd4 ,if a pack1 dur+ or aft] a rubb]1 be prov$ incorrect or imp]fect1 su* pro( does n alt] any pa/ score1 game1 or rubb]2 t h& 9 :i* ! imp]fection 0 detect$ is null & void2 ! deal] deals aga94 #de4 ,any "o deal+ out ( turn1 or ) ! adv]s>y's c>ds1 may be /opp$ be=e ! la/ c>d is dealt1 o!rwise ! deal /&s good1 & ! game mu/ proce$ z if no mi/ake _h be5 made4 #df ,a play] c nei!r %uffle1 cut1 nor deal = 8 p>tn] )\t ! p]mission ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,,decl>+ ,,trumps4 #dg4 ,! deal]1 hav+ exam9$ 8 h&1 has ! option ( decl>+ :at suit %all be trumps1 #bcf or :e!r ! h& %all be play$ )\t trumps4 ,if he ex]cise t option1 he %all d s by nam+ ! suit1 or by say+ ,no trumps4 #dh4 ,if ! deal] does n wi% to ex]cise 8 option1 he may pass x to 8 p>tn] by say+ ,i leave x to y1 ,p>tn]1 & 8 p>tn] mu/ !reupon make ! necess>y decl>ation1 9 ! mann] provid$ 9 ! prec$+ ,law4 #di4 ,if ! deal]'s p>tn] make ! trump decl>ation )\t receiv+ p]mission f ! deal]1 ! elde/ h& may dem&3 ,i4 ,t ! decl>ation s made %all /&4 ,,ii4 ,t !re %all be a new deal4 ,b if any decl>ation z to d\bl+ or n d\bl+ %all h be5 made1 or if a new deal is n claim$1 ! decl>ation wrongly made %all /&4 ,! elde/ h& is ! play] on ! left ( ! deal]4 #ej4 ,if ! deal]'s p>tn] pass ! decl>ation to ! deal]1 ! elde/ h& may dem&3 ,i4 ,t !re %all be a new deal4 ,,ii4 ,t ! deal]'s p>tn] %all himself make ! decl>ation4 #ea4 ,if ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies makes ! decl>ation1 ! deal] may1 aft] look+ at 8 h&1 ei!r claim a fre% deal or proce$ z if no su* decl>ation _h be5 made4 #eb4 ,a decl>ation once made _c be alt]$1 save z provid$ above4 ,,d\bl+ ,,& ,,re-,,d\bl+4 #ec4 ,! effect ( d\bl+ & re-d\bl+1 & s on1 is t ! value ( ea* trick above six is d\bl$1 quadrupl$1 & s on4 #bcg #ed4 ,aft] ! trump decl>ation has be5 made by ! deal] or 8 p>tn]1 _! adv]s>ies h ! "r to d\ble4 ,! elde/ h& has ! fir/ "r4 ,if he does n wi% to d\ble1 he %all say to 8 p>tn]1 ,may ,i lead8 ,8 p>tn] %all answ]1 ,yes1 or ,i d\ble4 #ee4 ,if ei!r ( _! adv]s>ies elect to d\ble1 ! deal] & 8 p>tn] h ! "r to re-d\ble4 ,! play] :o has decl>$ ! trump %all h ! fir/ "r4 ,he may say1 ,i re-d\ble1 or ,satisfi$4 ,%\ld he say ! latt]1 8 p>tn] may re-d\ble4 #ef4 ,if ! deal] or 8 p>tn] elect to re-d\ble1 _! adv]s>ies h ! "r to aga9 d\ble4 ,! orig9al d\bl] has ! fir/ "r4 #eg4 ,if ! "r-h& adv]s>y ( ! deal] d\ble be=e 8 p>tn] has ask$ ,may ,i lead8 ! decl>] ( ! trump %all h ! "r to say :e!r or n ! d\ble %all /&4 ,if he decide t ! d\ble %all /&1 ! process ( re-d\bl+ may cont9ue z describ$ 9 ,laws #ee1 #ef1 #eh4 #eh4 ,! process ( re-d\bl+ may be cont9u$ until ! limit ( #ajj po9ts is rea*$--! fir/ "r to cont9ue ! re-d\bl+ on behalf ( a p>tn]%ip belong+ to t play] :o has la/ re-d\bl$4 ,%\ld he1 h[ev]1 express himself satisfi$1 ! "r to cont9ue ! re-d\bl+ passes to 8 p>tn]4 ,%\ld any play] re-d\ble out ( turn1 ! adv]s>y :o la/ d\bl$ %all decide :e!r or n su* d\ble %all /&4 ,if x is decid$ t ! re-d\ble %all /&1 ! process ( re-d\bl+ may cont9ue z describ$ 9 ?is & =ego+ ,laws 7#ee & #ef74 ,if any d\ble or re-d\ble out ( turn be n accept$1 !re %all #bch be no fur!r d\bl+ 9 t h&4 ,any consultation betwe5 p>tn]s z to d\bl+ or re-d\bl+ w entitle ! mak] ( ! trump or ! elde/ h&1 )\t consultation1 to a new deal4 #ei4 ,if ! elde/ h& lead be=e ! d\bl+ be complet$1 8 p>tn] may re-d\ble only ) ! cons5t ( ! adv]s>y :o la/ d\bl$2 b su* lead %all n affect ! "r ( ei!r adv]s>y to d\ble4 #fj4 ,:5 ! "q1 ,may ,i lead8 has be5 answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 or :5 ! play] :o has ! la/ "r to cont9ue ! d\bl+ expresses himself satisfi$1 ! play %all beg94 #fa4 ,a decl>ation once made _c be alt]$4 ,,dummy4 #fb4 ,z soon z a c>d is l$1 :e!r 9 or out ( turn1 ! deal]'s p>tn] %all place 8 c>ds face upw>ds on ! table1 & ! duty ( play+ ! c>ds f t h&1 :i* is call$ ,dummy1 & ( claim+ & en=c+ any p5alties aris+ dur+ ! h&1 %all devolve ^u ! deal]1 unassi/$ by 8 p>tn]4 #fc4 ,aft] expos+ ,dummy1 ! deal]'s p>tn] has no "p :atev] 9 ! game1 except t he has ! "r to ask ! deal] if he has none ( ! suit 9 :i* he may h r5\nc$4 ,if he call att5tion to any o!r incid5t 9 ! play ( ! h&1 9 respect ( :i* any p5alty might be exact$1 ! fact t he has done s %all deprive ! deal] ( ! "r ( exact+ su* p5alty aga9/ 8 adv]s>ies4 #fd4 ,if ! deal]'s p>tn]1 by t\*+ a c>d1 or #bci o!rwise1 sugge/ ! play ( a c>d f ,dummy1 ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies may1 b )\t consult+ ) 8 p>tn]1 call ^u ! deal] to play or n to play ! c>d sugge/$4 #fe4 ,:5 ! deal] draws a c>d1 ei!r f 8 own h& or f ,dummy1 su* c>d is n consid]$ z play$ until actually quitt$4 #ff4 ,a c>d once play$1 or nam$ by ! deal] z to be play$ f 8 own h& or f ,dummy1 _c be tak5 back1 except to save a revoke4 #fg4 ,! deal]'s p>tn] may n look ov] 8 adv]s>ies' h&s1 nor leave 8 seat = ! purpose ( wat*+ 8 p>tn]'s play4 #fh4 ,dummy is n liable to any p5alty = a revoke1 z 8 adv]s>ies see 8 c>ds4 ,%\ld he revoke1 & ! error n be discov]$ until ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 ! trick /&s good4 #fi4 ,dummy be+ bl9d & deaf1 8 p>tn] is n liable to any p5alty = an error :5ce he c ga9 no advantage4 ,?us1 he may expose "s1 or all ( 8 c>ds1 )\t incurr+ any p5alty4 ,,expos$ ,,c>ds4 #gj4 ,if aft] ! deal has be5 complet$1 & be=e ! trump decl>ation has be5 made1 ei!r ! deal] or 8 p>tn] expose a c>d f 8 h&1 ! elde/ h& may claim a new deal4 #ga4 ,if aft] ! deal has be5 complet$1 & be=e a c>d is l$1 any play] %all expose a c>d1 8 p>tn] %all =feit any "r to d\ble or re-d\ble :i* he w\ld o!rwise h be5 entitl$ to ex]cise2 & 9 ! case ( a c>d be+ s expos$ by ! lead]'s p>tn]1 ! deal] may1 in/ead ( call+ ! c>d1 #bdj require ! lead] n to lead ! suit ( ! expos$ c>d4 ,,c>ds ,,liable ,,to ,,be ,,call$4 #gb4 ,all c>ds expos$ by ! deal]'s adv]s>ies are liable to be call$1 & mu/ be left face upw>ds on ! table2 b a c>d is n an expos$ c>d :5 dropp$ on ! floor1 or else:]e bel[ ! table4 #gc4 ,! foll[+ are expos$ c>ds3-- ,i4 ,two or m c>ds play$ at once4 ,,ii4 ,any c>d dropp$ ) its face upw>ds1 or 9 any way expos$ on or above ! table1 ev5 ?\gh snat*$ up s quickly t no "o c "n x4 #gd4 ,if ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies play to an imp]fect trick ! be/ c>d on ! table1 or lead "o :i* is a w9n+ c>d z aga9/ ! deal] & 8 p>tn]1 & !n lead aga91 )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 or play sev]al su* w9n+ c>ds1 "o aft] ! o!r1 )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 ! latt] may be call$ on to w91 if he c1 ! fir/ or any o!r ( ^? tricks1 & ! o!r c>ds ?us improp]ly play$ are expos$ c>ds4 #ge4 ,%\ld ! deal] indicate t all or any ( ! rema9+ tricks are 81 he may be requir$ to place 8 c>ds face upw>ds on ! table2 b !y are n liable to be call$4 #gf4 ,if ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies ?r[s 8 c>ds on ! table face upw>ds1 su* c>ds are expos$1 & liable to be call$ by ! deal]4 #gg4 ,if all ! play]s ?r[ _! c>ds on ! table face upw>ds1 ! h&s are ab&on$1 & ! score mu/ be left z claim$ & admitt$4 ,! h&s may be exam9$ = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a revoke1 b = no o!r purpose4 #bda #gh4 ,a c>d deta*$ f ! re/ ( ! h& ( ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies1 s z to be nam$1 is liable to be call$2 b %\ld ! deal] "n a wrong c>d1 he is liable to h a suit call$ :5 fir/ he or 8 p>tn] h ! lead4 #gi4 ,if a play]1 :o has r5d]$ himself liable to h ! highe/ or l[e/ ( a suit call$1 or to w9 or n to w9 a trick1 fail to play z desir$1 ?\gh able to d s1 or if :5 call$ on to lead "o suit1 lead ano!r1 hav+ 9 8 h& "o or m c>ds ( t suit dem&$1 he incurs ! p5alty ( a revoke4 #hj4 ,if ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies lead out ( turn1 ! deal] may call a suit f him or 8 p>tn] :5 x is next ! turn ( ei!r ( !m to lead1 or may call ! c>d errone\sly l$4 #ha4 ,if ! deal] lead out ( turn1 ei!r f 8 own h& or f ,dummy1 he incurs no p5alty2 b he may n rectify ! error aft] ! second h& has play$4 #hb4 ,if any play] lead out ( turn1 & ! o!r ?ree h foll[$ him1 ! trick is complete1 & ! error _c be rectifi$2 b if only ! second1 or ! second & ?ird1 h play$ to ! false lead1 _! c>ds1 on discov]y ( ! mi/ake1 are tak5 back2 & !re is no p5alty aga9/ any "o1 except+ ! orig9al (f5d]1 & !n only :5 he is "o ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies4 #hc4 ,9 no case c a play] be compell$ to play a c>d :i* w\ld oblige him to revoke4 #hd4 ,! call ( a c>d may be repeat$ until su* c>d has be5 play$4 #he4 ,if a play] call$ on to lead a suit h none ( x1 ! p5alty is paid4 #bdb ,,c>ds ,,play$ ,,9 ,,error1 ,,or ,,n ,,play$ ,,to ,a ,,trick4 #hf4 ,%\ld ! ?ird h& n h play$1 & ! f\r? play be=e 8 p>tn]1 ! latt] 7n be+ ,dummy or 8 p>tn]7 may be call$ on to w91 or n to w91 ! trick4 #hg4 ,if any "o 7n be+ ,dummy7 omit play+ to a =m] trick1 & su* error be n discov]$ until he has play$ to ! next1 ! adv]s>ies may claim a new deal2 %\ld !y decide t ! deal /& good1 or %\ld ,dummy h omitt$ to play to a =m] trick1 & su* error be n discov]$ till he %all h play$ to ! next1 ! surplus c>d at ! end ( ! h& is consid]$ to h be5 play$ to ! imp]fect trick1 b does n con/itute a revoke !re94 #hh4 ,if any "o play two c>ds to ! same trick1 or mix a c>d ) a trick to :i* x does n prop]ly belong1 & ! mi/ake be n discov]$ until ! h& is play$ out1 he 7n be+ ,dummy7 is answ]able = all consequ5t revokes he may h made4 ,if1 dur+ ! play ( ! h&1 ! error be detect$1 ! tricks may be c\nt$ face d[nw>ds1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r !re be among !m a c>d too _m3 %\ld ?is be ! case !y may be se>*$1 & ! c>d re/or$2 ! play] 7n be+ ,dummy7 is1 h[ev]1 liable = all revokes :i* he may h mean:ile made4 ,,! ,,revoke4 #hi4 ,is :5 a play] 7o!r ?an ,dummy71 hold+ "o or m c>ds ( ! suit l$1 plays a c>d ( a diff]5t suit4 #bdc #ij4 ,! p5alty = a revoke-- ,i4 ,is at ! option ( ! adv]s>ies1 :o1 at ! end ( ! h&1 may1 aft] consultation1 ei!r take ?ree tricks f ! revok+ play] & add !m to _! own--or d$uct ! value ( ?ree tricks f 8 exi/+ score--or add ! value ( ?ree tricks to _! own score2 ,,ii4 ,c be claim$ = z _m revokes z occur dur+ ! h&2 ,,iii4 ,is applicable only to ! score ( ! game 9 :i* x occurs2 ,,iv4 ,_c be divid$--i4e4 a play] _c add ! value ( "o or two tricks to 8 own score & d$uct ! value ( "o or two f ! revok+ play]4 ,v4 ,9 :atev] way ! p5alty may be en=c$1 "u no circum/ances c ! suit revok+ score ,game1 ,gr& ,slam or ,little ,slam1 t h&4 ,:atev] _! previ\s score may be1 ! side revok+ _c atta9 a high] score t[>ds ! game ?an tw5ty-eight4 #ia4 ,a revoke is e/abli%$1 if ! trick 9 :i* x occurs be turn$ & quitt$--i4e4 ! h& remov$ f t trick aft] x has be5 turn$ face d[nw>ds on ! table--or if ei!r ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn]1 :e!r 9 8 "r turn or o!rwise1 lead or play to ! foll[+ trick4 #ib4 ,a play] may ask 8 p>tn] :e!r he has n a c>d ( ! suit :i* he has r5\nc$2 %\ld ! "q be ask$ be=e ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 subsequ5t turn+ & quitt+ does n e/abli% ! revoke1 & ! error may be correct$1 unless ! "q be answ]$ 9 ! negative1 or unless ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn] h l$ or play$ to ! foll[+ trick4 ,,note4--,a negative answ] to ! "q does n 9 itself e/abli% ! revoke1 ap>t f turn+ & quitt+ ! trick1 or "s subsequ5t act ( play4--,,ed4 #bdd #ic4 ,at ! end ( ! h&1 ! claimants ( a revoke may se>* all ! tricks4 #id4 ,if a play] discov] 8 mi/ake 9 "t to save a revoke1 any play] or play]s :o h play$ aft] him may )draw _! c>ds & sub/itute o!rs1 & _! c>ds )drawn are n liable to be call$4 ,if ! play] 9 fault be "o ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies1 ! deal] may call ! c>d ?us play$ 9 error1 or may require him to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ c>d to t trick 9 :i* he has r5\nc$4 #ie4 ,if ! play] 9 fault be ! deal]1 ! elde/ h& may require him to play ! highe/ or l[e/ c>d ( ! suit 9 :i* he has r5\nc$1 provid$ bo? ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies h play$ to ! curr5t trick2 b ?is p5alty _c be exact$ f ! deal] :5 he is f\r? 9 h&1 nor c x be en=c$ at all f ,dummy4 #if4 ,if a revoke be claim$1 & ! accus$ play] or 8 p>tn] mix ! c>ds be=e !y h be5 suffici5tly exam9$ by ! adv]s>ies1 ! revoke is e/abli%$4 ,! mix+ ( ! c>ds only r5d]s ! pro( ( a revoke difficult1 b does n prev5t ! claim1 & possible e/abli%m5t1 ( ! p5alty4 #ig4 ,a revoke _c be claim$ aft] ! c>ds h be5 cut = ! foll[+ deal4 #ih4 ,if a revoke occur1 be claim$ & prov$1 bets on ! odd trick1 or on am\nt ( score1 mu/ be decid$ by ! actual /ate ( ! score aft] ! p5alty is paid4 #ii4 ,%\ld ! play]s on bo? sides subject !mselves to ! p5alty ( "o or m revokes1 nei!r c w9 ! game by t h&2 ea* is puni%$ at ! discretion ( 8 adv]s>y4 #bde ,,call+ ,,= ,,new ,,c>ds4 #ajj4 ,any play] 7on pay+ = !m7 be=e1 b n aft]1 ! pack be cut = ! deal1 may call = fre% c>ds4 ,he mu/ call = two new packs1 ( :i* ! deal] takes 8 *oice4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #aja4 ,any "o dur+ ! play ( a trick1 or aft] ! f\r c>ds are play$1 & be=e1 b n aft]1 !y are t\*$ = ! purpose ( ga!r+ !m toge!r1 may dem& t ! c>ds be plac$ be=e _! respective play]s4 #ajb4 ,if ei!r ( ! deal]'s adv]s>ies1 prior to 8 p>tn] play+1 %\ld call att5tion to ! trick--ei!r by say+ t x is 81 or by nam+ 8 c>d1 or1 )\t be+ requir$ s to d1 by draw+ x t[>ds him--! deal] may require t oppon5t's p>tn] to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ ( ! suit !n l$1 or to w9 or lose ! trick4 #ajc4 ,%\ld ! p>tn] ( ! play] solely entitl$ to exact a p5alty1 sugge/ or dem& ! en=cem5t ( x1 no p5alty c be en=c$4 #ajd4 ,9 all cases :]e a p5alty has be5 incurr$1 ! (f5d] is b\nd to give reasonable "t = ! decision ( 8 adv]s>ies4 #aje4 ,if a by/&] make any rem>k :i* calls ! att5tion ( a play] or play]s to an ov]sight affect+ ! score1 he is liable to be call$ on1 by ! play]s only1 to pay ! /akes & all bets on t game or rubb]4 #ajf4 ,a by/&]1 by agreem5t among ! play]s1 may decide any "q4 #bdf #ajg4 ,a c>d or c>ds torn or m>k$ mu/ be ei!r replac$ by agreem5t1 or new c>ds call$ at ! exp5se ( ! table4 #ajh4 ,once a trick is complete1 turn$1 & quitt$1 x mu/ n be look$ at 7except "u ,law #hh7 until ! end ( ! h&4 ,,books ,,on ,,bridge4 ,! great] numb] ( ^! h come into exi/5ce q unnecess>ily4 ,all t ! /ud5t ne$ "k w be f\nd 9 ! foll[+3-- ,,badswor?4--,! ,laws & ,pr9ciples ( ,bridge1 ) ,cases & ,decisions review$ & expla9$4 7,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons47 ,,b]gholt1 ,,erne/4--,d\ble ,dummy ,bridge3 an exhau/ive collection ( c>d-problems by liv+ compos]s4 7,?os4 ,de la ,rue ,co41 ,ld47 ,,dalton1 ,,william4--,bridge at a ,glance3 an ,alphabetical ,synopsis4 7,?os4 ,de la ,rue ,co41 ,ld47 ---- ,bridge ,abridg$2 or1 ,practical ,bridge4 7,d47 ---- ,saturday ,bridge4 7,! ,we/ ,/r& ,publi%+ ,co41 ,ld47 ,,doe1 ,,john4--,! ,bridge ,manual4 7,fr$]ick ,w>ne & ,co47 ,,h(fmann1 ,pr(essor4--,bridge4 7,*as4 ,goodall ,son1 ,ld47 ,= ,am]ican ,views on ! ,game4 ,,elwell1 ,j4 ,b4--,bridge4--,advanc$ ,bridge4--,practical ,bridge4 7,*as4 ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new ,york2 & ,george ,newnes1 ,ld41 ,london47 ,,/reet1 ,c4 ,s4--,bridge ,up to ,date4 ,dodd1 ,mead ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,= ,anglo-,indian ,views4 ,,hellespont4--,! ,laws & ,pr9ciples ( ,bridge4 7,de la ,rue1 ,london7 ,,ace ,,( ,,spades4--,! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,bridge4 7,times ( ,india ,press1 ,bombay47 ,,lynx4--,bridge ,topics4 7,w4 ,newman ,co41 ,calcutta47 ,,rob]tson & ,,wolla/on4--,! ,rob]tson ,rule & o!r ,bridge ,axioms4 7,calcutta47 99 99 99 99 99 #bdg ,,auction ,,bridge4 ,a lively (f%oot f ! prec$+ game1 :i* has rec5tly become v popul> 9 "s ( ! ,london ,clubs4 ,s highly is x rank$ 9 _m qu>t]s1 t a well-kn[n play] has giv5 x z 8 op9ion t 9 a ye> or two we %all only rememb] ,bridge z ! son ( ,:i/ & ! fa!r ( ,auction4 ,hav+ 9 view ! /rong elem5t ( gambl+ :i* ! latt] game conta9s1 & ! expect$ly heavy losses :i* may be incurr$ by ! unw>y play]1 ! writ] op9es t a good _m impecuni\s folk are likely to rememb] x only z be+ connect$ ) _! uncle4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a comb9ation ( ,bridge & ,pok]4 ,9 all t takes place aft] ! decl>ation has be5 f9ally det]m9$1 x is pure ,bridge1 ) an extra infusion ( d\ble dummy1 due to inf]5ces f ! c\rse ( ! bidd+4 ,9 ! bidd+ itself1 :i* leads up to ! f9al decl>ation1 ! qualities ( ! ,pok]-play] are pre-em95t--cool b rapid judgm5t1 %rewd read+ ( "*1 a happy in/9ct :5 to lie l[ & :5 to bluff2 :5 to make a spurt =w>d = game1 & :5 to egg ! oppon5ts on beyond ! limits ( discretion1 & to leave !m 9 ! lur*6 ,by ! adh]5ts ( ! new game--:o are head #bdh ov] e>s 9 love ) x1 & are consequ5tly bl9d to all its weak po9ts--x is cont5d$ t ! gambl+ argum5t br\ght aga9/ x is z fallaci\s z x 0 :5 urg$ aga9/ ,bridge prop]1 & t1 to r$ress ! balance1 x is only necess>y to readju/ ! value ( ! po9ts4 ,?is is n true4 ,pok] is an excell5t game1 b no readju/m5t ( values w ev] place x on ! same plane z games ( sci5ce1 because ! qualities ( bra9 & temp]am5t ^u :i* x is bas$ are ess5tially di/9ct f ! qualities ( analysis & comb9ation su* z g to ! mak+ ( 7say7 a fir/-class ,*ess-play]4 ,!re is1 und\bt$ly1 a great] diff]5ce 9 k9d betwe5 ,auction ,bridge & ,bridge ?an !re is betwe5 ,bridge & ,:i/2 :e!r t diff]5ce r5d]s ,auction inf]ior or sup]ior1 h[ev]1 is a moot "q :i* e c>d-play] mu/ decide = himself4 ,!re are _m :o reg>d ! additional spice ( haz>d1 n z a defect1 b z a m]it4 ,! ,laws ( ! game1 :i* = "s "t 7 9 a /ate ( flux1 h n[ be5 settl$ z au?oritatively z ^? ( ,bridge or ,:i/4 ,x w only be necess>y to set out v]batim ^? ,laws :i* diff] f ! ,laws ( ,bridge4 ,z reg>ds ! rema9d]1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! prec$+ ,bridge ,code4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,auction ,,bridge4 7,fram$ by a ,jo9t ,committee ( ! ,portl& & ,ba? ,clubs1 #aijh2 & repr9t$1 by p]mission1 s f> z !y diff] f ! ,laws ( ,bridge47 #a4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 #b4 ,a game consi/s ( ?irty po9ts obta9$ by #bdi tricks alone1 :5 ! decl>] fulfils 8 contract1 :i* are scor$ bel[ ! l9e1 exclusive ( any po9ts c\nt$ = ,hon\rs1 ,*icane1 ,slam1 or "u-tricks1 :i* are scor$ above ! l9e4 #c4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 #d4 ,:5 ! decl>] fulfils 8 contract1 ea* trick above six c\nts1 c4 7z 9 ,bridge74 #e to #aj4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 #aa4 ,at ! end ( ! rubb]1 ! total scores = tricks1 ,hon\rs1 ,*icane1 & ,slam obta9$ by ea* play] & 8 p>tn] are add$ up1 #bej po9ts are add$ to ! score ( ! w9n]s ( ! rubb]1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two scores is ! numb] ( po9ts won1 or lo/1 by ! w9n]s ( ! rubb]4 #ab to #df4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 #dg4 ,! deal]1 hav+ exam9$ 8 h&1 mu/ decl>e to w9 at lea/ "o odd trick1 ei!r ) a trump suit1 or at no trumps4 #dh4 ,aft] ! deal] has made 8 decl>ation1 ea* play] 9 turn1 comm5c+ ) ! play] on ! deal]'s left1 has ! "r to pass ! previ\s decl>ation1 or to d\ble1 or re-d\ble1 or to ov]call ! previ\s decl>ation by mak+ a call ( high] value4 ,a call ( a great] numb] ( tricks 9 a suit ( l[] value1 :i* equals ! previ\s call 9 value ( po9ts1 %all be consid]$ a call ( high] value--e4g4 a call ( two tricks 9 ,spades ov]calls "o trick 9 ,clubs1 or ,two ,diamonds ov]calls ,"o ,no ,trump4 #di4 ,a play] may ov]bid ! previ\s call any numb] ( times1 & may also ov]bid 8 p>tn]4 ,! play ( ! two comb9$ h&s %all re/ ) ! p>tn]s :o make ! f9al call4 ,:]e two p>tn]s h bo? made calls 9 ! same suit1 ! #bej "o :o made ! fir/ su* call %all play ! h&1 8 p>tn] becom+ ,dummy4 #ej4 ,:5 ! play] ( ! two h&s 7h]eaft] t]m$ ! decl>]7 w9s ! numb] ( tricks :i* 7 decl>$1 or a great] numb]1 he scores bel[ ! l9e ! full value ( ! tricks won 7see ,laws #b & #d74 ,:5 he fails1 8 adv]s>ies score1 above ! l9e1 #ej po9ts = ea* "u-trick1 i4e4 ea* trick %ort ( ! numb] decl>$2 or1 if ! decl>ation 0 d\bl$ or re-d\bl$1 #ajj or #bjj po9ts respectively = ea* su* trick4 ,nei!r ! decl>] nor ! adv]s>ies score any?+ bel[ ! l9e = t h&4 #ea4 ,! loss on ! decl>ation ( ,"o ,spade %all be limit$ to #ajj po9ts 9 respect ( tricks1 :e!r d\bl$ or n4 #eb4 ,if a play] makes a trump decl>ation out ( turn1 ! adv]s>y on 8 left may dem& a new deal1 or may all[ ! decl>ation s made to /&1 :5 ! bidd+ %all cont9ue z if ! decl>ation _h be5 9 ord]4 #ec4 ,if a play]1 9 bidd+1 fails to call a suffici5t numb] ( tricks to ov]bid ! previ\s decl>ation1 he %all be consid]$ to h decl>$ ! requisite numb] ( tricks 9 ! call :i* he has made1 & 8 p>tn] %all be deb>r$ f mak+ any fur!r decl>ation1 unless ei!r ( 8 adv]s>ies ov]call1 or d\ble4 #ed4 ,aft] ! f9al decl>ation has be5 accept$1 a play] is n entitl$ to give 8 p>tn] any in=mation z to a previ\s call1 :e!r made by himself or by ei!r adv]s>y2 b a play] is entitl$ to inquire1 at any "t dur+ ! play ( ! h&1 :at 0 ! value ( ! f9al decl>ation4 #bea #ee4 ,d\bl+ & re-d\bl+ affect ! score only1 & n ! value 9 decl>+--e4g4 ,two ,diamonds w /ill ov]call ,"o ,no ,trump1 al?\gh ! no trump decl>ation has be5 d\bl$4 #ef4 ,any decl>ation c be d\bl$1 & re-d\bl$ once1 b n m4 ,a play] _c d\ble 8 p>tn]'s call1 or re-d\ble 8 p>tn]'s d\ble1 b he may re-d\ble a call ( 8 p>tn]'s :i* has be5 d\bl$ by an adv]s>y4 #eg4 ,! act ( d\bl+ re-op5s ! bidd+4 ,:5 a decl>ation has be5 d\bl$1 any play]1 includ+ ! decl>] or 8 p>tn]1 c 9 8 prop] turn make a fur!r decl>ation ( high] value4 #eh4 ,:5 a play]1 ^: decl>ation has be5 d\bl$1 fulfils 8 contract by w9n+ ! decl>$ numb] ( tricks1 he scores a bonus ( #ej po9ts above ! l9e1 & a fur!r #ej po9ts = e additional trick :i* he may make4 ,if he1 or 8 p>tn]1 h re-d\bl$1 ! bonus is d\bl$4 #ei4 ,if a play] d\bles out ( turn1 ! adv]s>y on 8 left may dem& a new deal4 #fj4 ,:5 all ! play]s h express$ !mselves satisfi$1 ! play %all beg91 & ! play] on ! left ( ! decl>] %all lead4 #fa4 ,a decl>ation once made _c be alt]$1 unless x has be5 ov]call$ or d\bl$4 #fb4 ,z soon z a c>d is l$1 :e!r 9 or out ( turn1 ! decl>]'s p>tn] %all place 8 c>ds face upw>ds on ! table1 c4 7z 9 ,bridge74 #fc to #fi4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 #gj4 ,if1 aft] ! c>ds h be5 dealt1 & be=e ! trump decl>ation has be5 f9ally det]m9$1 any play] exposes a c>d f 8 h&1 ! adv]s>y #beb on 8 left may dem& a new deal4 ,if ! deal is all[$ to /&1 ! expos$ c>d may be pick$ up1 & _c be call$4 #ga4 ,if1 aft] ! f9al decl>ation has be5 accept$1 & be=e a c>d is l$1 ! p>tn] ( ! play] :o has to lead to ! fir/ trick exposes a c>d f 8 h&1 ! decl>] may1 in/ead ( call+ ! c>d1 require ! lead] n to lead ! suit ( ! expos$ c>d4 #gb to #hi4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 #ij4 ,! p5alty = ea* revoke %all be-- 7a7 ,:5 ! decl>] revokes1 8 adv]s>ies add #aej po9ts to _! score above ! l9e1#fd 9 addition to any liability :i* ! revok+ play] may h incurr$ = failure to fulfil 8 contract4 7b7 ,:5 ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies revokes1 ! decl>] may add #aej po9ts to 8 score above ! l9e1#fd or may take ?ree tricks f 8 oppon5ts & add !m to 8 own4 ,su* tricks1 tak5 z p5alty1 may assi/ ! decl>] to fulfil 8 contract1 b !y %all n entitle him to score any bonus above ! l9e1 9 ! case ( ! decl>ation hav+ be5 d\bl$ or re-d\bl$4 ,"u no circum/ances c a side score any?+1 ei!r above or bel[ ! l9e1 except = ,hon\rs or ,*icane1 on a h& 9 :i* "o ( !m has revok$4 #ia to #ajh4 ,z 9 ,bridge4 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,play]s4 ,! ,"o-,spade ,conv5tion4 ,9 c]ta9 club circles :]e ! game has be5 some:at ext5sively play$1 a fix$ idea has aris5 t to be ! fir/ to make an effectual decl>ation is a positive disadvantage4 ,h5ce ! conv5tion #bec has be5 e/abli%$ t 7except 9 c]ta9 cases def9$ bel[7 ! deal] mu/ beg9 ) a nom9al or fictiti\s call ( ,"o ,spade1 9 ord] to obta9 in=mation f ! oppon5ts' calls z to ! cont5ts ( _! h&s1 or to induce !m to und]take a contract :i* !y are unable to c>ry out4 ,z x w\ld nev] d = ! deal]1 "u su* a conv5tion1 to be left to play ! h& at ,"o ,spade--:i* may be ! v la/ ?+ t he desires--x is a fur!r und]/&+ t ! deal]'s p>tn] mu/ nev] fail to ov]call4 ,if he has no?+ bett] to say1 he mu/ call ,two ,spades1 ?us re-op5+ ! bidd+ = ! deal] to make a fre% />t1 9 case ! oppon5ts also lie l[4 ,! effect ( ?is conv5tion1 pla9ly1 is z foll[s3-- ,! second play] 7by :i* is meant ! play] on ! deal]'s left7 is q c]ta9 t ! bidd+ w come r\nd to him aga92 !re=e he nev] op5s 8 m\? unless he is sure t x is to 8 advantage to d s4 ,all t ! deal] has done1 !re=e1 is to %ift on to 8 p>tn]'s %\ld]s ! onus ( op5+1 :i* is disadvantage\s = ! d\ble reason t ! new op5] is deb>r$ f ,"o ,spade1 & t ! second play] has be5 giv5 an unnecess>y option4 ,! exceptional cases 9 :i*1 "u ! conv5tion1 x is agre$ t ! deal] %all make a g5u9e call are 7#a7 :5 he has a mod]ate or gu>d$ ,no-trump]1 :5 he is to decl>e ,"o ,no-trumps2 7#b7 :5 he has a /rong suit to ! ace1 k+1 ( ,spades or ,clubs1 :5 he is to decl>e two 9 ! /rong suit z an invitation to p>tn] to make a ,no-trump]4 ,n[1 z x is conc$$ t to call fir/ "u su* #bed circum/ances is an advantage1 :y give second play] ! option ( enjoy+ ! same advantage1 :i* he might n o!rwise h _h8 ,by ?is conv5tion1 if x be adopt$1 ! limitation ( loss1 "u ,law #ea1 is volunt>ily annull$4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks4 ,x w be notic$ t1 if ! play] ( ,dummy fulfils 8 contract1 8 rew>d increases z 9 ord9>y ,bridge ) ! value ( ! decl>ation4 ,if he fails1 h[ev]1 by ! same numb] ( tricks1 he loses no m on a decl>ation ( ,no-trumps ?an on a decl>ation ( ,spades1 ! p5alty = failure be+ always #ajj or #ej p] trick1 accord+ z ! oppon5ts h1 or h n1 d\bl$4 ,assum+ t y\r *ance ( w9n+ tricks is ! same1 x is always bett] to play a high call ?an a l[ "o4 ,conv]sely1 x is v frequ5tly wis] to leave ! oppon5ts to play out a black call1 :i* y ?9k y c defeat1 ?an to incur risk ( failure y\rself by ov]bidd+4 ,d n =get t to d\ble a call is to w>n ! oppon5ts ( _! dang] & to drive !m to make ano!r call :i* may n suit y s well4 ,if deal] decl>es ,"o ,no-trumps1 & y1 be+ second play]1 h eight clubs to ti]ce major1 & y keep y\r m\? %ut1 & let ,no-trumps be play$1 y may be pretty sure ( #ajj above = two tricks "u4 ,if y d\ble1 & !y make x ,two ,he>ts & w9 ! odd trick1 y are #ej po9ts to ! bad4 ,a high decl>ation 7,f\r1 or ev5 ,?ree1 9 a r$ suit71 :i* ! oppon5ts _c get out (1 may be d\bl$ m freely1 ?\gh ! p5alty "u ,law #eh mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,su* d\bles are (t5 advisable on #bee high-c>d /r5g? 9 ! pla9 suits1 ev5 :5 weak 9 trumps4 ,/ill m politic is :at is kn[n z a free d\ble1 t is1 ! d\ble ( a call :i* 9 any case w give ! oppon5ts game if !y fulfil _! contract4 ,conv]sely1 a d\ble :i* gives ! oppon5ts a game t !y w\ld n o!rwise h secur$ is ! wor/ d\ble ( all4 ,! mo/ important po9t ( all 9 ! game is to rememb] t1 9 ! majority ( cases1 x is m pr(itable to let y\r oppon5ts fail ?an to score bel[ ! l9e y\rself4 ,! ef=ts ( ! skill$ play] are be+ always direct$ to driv+ ! o!r side into a contract :i* !y _c br+ (f1 & !n leav+ !m to play x4 ,x is 9 ?is k9d ( /rategy t ! ,pok]-play] is pre-em95t3 to "k :5 to bluff ! enemy into an indiscretion1 & :5 to avoid a simil> sn>e set = oneself1 are gifts ( nature n to be acquir$ f a book4 ,suppose y h a /rong h&1 & call ,two ,no-trumps1 & w9 ! fir/ game f love ) f\r by c>ds1 & score #cj ,aces1 y h won #ff po9ts1 & h improv$ y\r *ance ( w9n+ ! #bej po9ts = ! rubb]4 ,if we reckon y\r *ance ( ! rubb] z #e to #c on 7x c]ta9ly is n m71 x is wor? ab\t #fc po9ts m--say #acj 9 all4 ,?is y may ?9k a great success4 ,b if y c get ! oppon5ts to ov]bid y\r ,two ,no-trumps ) ,?ree ,he>ts1 & y see t !y c only get ! odd trick1 y w be bett] (f if y d\ble & let !m play1 ev5 if !y score #af = hon\rs4 ,= #bjj less #af leaves y #ahd po9ts--& y are /ill #ed to ! good4 ,z play] ( ,dummy1 aim fir/ at fulfill+ y\r #bef contract4 ,:5 ?is is accompli%$1 y may try = game4 ,z play] aga9/ ,dummy1 aim fir/ at sav+ ! game4 ,:5 !re is no risk ( t be+ lo/1 devote y\rself to defeat+ ! deal]'s contract4 99 99 99 99 99 #beg ,,five ,,hundr$4 ,?is is a game l>gely play$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,canada1 b n s well kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry z x des]ves to be1 ?\gh "o v>iety ( x has be5 play$ 9 ,london clubs4 ,x is prim>ily & specifically a game = ?ree play]s2 & ?is is "o ( its greate/ m]its1 = good ?ree-h&$ games are r>e4 ,five ,hundr$ has be5 *>act]is$ z a pat*work or mosaic game2 b su* expressions d n d x ju/ice1 z t5d+ to create ! impression t x is a ?+ ( %r$s pick$ up "h & !re1 & indiff]5tly jo9$ toge!r4 ,x does1 inde$1 borr[ its elem5ts f sundry old] games3 ,eu*re1 ,loo1 ,nap1 & ,auction ,bridge3 b by comb9+ ^! elem5ts into a new & h>moni\s :ole1 x a*ieves a sum total t produces ! effect ( novelty )\t tax+ our bra9s to assimilate unfamili> & biz>re ideas4 ,x appe>s to _m p to conta9 all ! m]its ( ,auction ,bridge )\t ! pat5t defects ( ! latt]--! int]m9able l5g? ( ! rubb]1 ! undef9$ limits ( loss1 & ! sup]session ( skill by bluff4 ,9 ! foll[+ description1 ! typical =m ( ! game is assum$1 9 :i* ?ree play]s take "p1 ea* be+ oppos$ to bo? ! o!rs4 ,! pack us$ is ! piquet pack ( ?irty-two c>ds 7c>ds bel[ ! sev5 be+ omitt$7 plus ! ,jok]--?irty-?ree c>ds 9 all4 #beh ,^? :o are n ,eu*re-play]s mu/ beg9 by famili>is+ !mselves ) ! functions ( ! ,jok]1 & ) ! peculi> rank & attributes ( ! ,"r & ,left ,b[]4 ,:5 !re are trumps1 ! ,jok] is ! ma/] trump2 !n foll[s ! knave ( trumps 7! ,"r ,b[]72 !n ! o!r knave ( ! same col\r 7! ,left ,b[]72 aft] :i* come ! ace1 k+1 que51 t51 n9e1 eight1 sev5 ( trumps1 9 desc5d+ ord]4 ,! trump suit ?us consi/s ( t5 c>ds2 ! pla9 suit ( ! same col\r consi/s ( sev5 only2 ! o!r two pla9 suits consi/ ( eight ea*4 ,! knaves ( ! latt] two suits take _! ord9>y ,:i/ & ,bridge rank1 betwe5 ! que5 & ! #aj4 ,:5 !re are no trumps1 all ! c>ds1 except ! ,jok]1 rank z 9 ,:i/ or ,bridge4 ,! ,jok] rema9s ! ma/] c>d ( ! pack2 if x is l$1 ! lead] names ! suit :i* he elects x to repres5t1 & ! o!r play]s mu/ foll[ suit accord+ly4 ,9 cutt+ = deal1 ! ,jok] is ! l[e/ c>d1 & an ace ! next high]4 ,aft] :i* come ! #g1 c41 upw>ds to ! k+4 ,aft] %uffl+ & cutt+1 ! deal] di/ributes ?ree r\nds ( ?ree c>ds ea* to ! ?ree play]s1 foll[$ by "o r\nd ( "o c>d ea*4 ,! rema9+ ?ree c>ds are laid face d[nw>ds on ! table1 & con/itute ! wid[4 ,! bidd+ !n beg9s4 ,! elde/ h& has ! fir/ "r to decl>e h[ _m tricks 7n few] ?an six7 he w contract to w94 ,at ! same "t1 he mu/ ei!r "n a trump suit or decl>e ,no-trumps4 ,! elde/ h& is n b\nd to bid1 b may pass4 ,ea* successive play]1 9 ! usual ,bridge ord]1 may #bei ei!r ov]bid1 or may also pass4 ,a play] :o has once pass$ _c subsequ5tly bid4 ,) ?is exception1 ! bidd+ & ov]bidd+ cont9ue1 until e "o is cont5t4 ,if no play] bids1 ! c>ds are play$ ,no-trumps1 & 9 ?is case ! wid[ rema9s unappropriat$1 ! elde/ h& has ! fir/ lead1 & ea* play] scores #aj po9ts = ea* trick t he may make4 ,:5 ! bidd+1 if any1 is complet$1 ! play] :o bid ! highe/1--!nce=w>d kn[n z ! bidd]1--has ! fir/ lead4 ,! bidd]1 be=e play+1 takes ! wid[ into 8 own h&1 & !n disc>ds any ?ree c>ds out ( ! ?irte54 ,^! reject$ c>ds are to be laid face d[nw>ds on ! table1 & may n be inspect$ by any "o4 ,!re are p5alties = disc>d+ too _m or too few c>ds1 & = illegally look+ at ! disc>d4 ,! value ( any bid dep5ds1 z 9 ,auction ,bridge1 p>tly on ! numb] ( tricks contract$ =1 & p>tly on ! decl>ation z to trumps4 ,! be/ & mo/ mod]n s*$ule 7kn[n z ! ,avondale7 is z foll[s3-- ---------------------------------------- -------------- #f #g #h #i #aj ,bids ,tricks ,tricks ,tricks ,tricks ,tricks ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,9 ,spades #dj #adj #bdj #cdj #ddj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,9 ,clubs #fj #afj #bfj #cfj #dfj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,9 ,diamonds #hj #ahj #bhj #chj #dhj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,9 ,he>ts #ajj #bjj #cjj #djj #ejj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,9 ,no-trumps #abj #bbj #cbj #dbj #ebj ---------------------------------------- -------------- #bfj ,! scale is uni=m1 & easy to rememb]4 ,! numb]s increase d[nw>ds by #bj at a "t1 & horizontally by #ajj at a "t4 ,x w be notic$ t no two bids are num]ically equal4 ,!re are c]ta9 re/rictions on ! p[] ( ! ,jok] 9 ! case ( ,no-trumps4 ,! lead] ( x _c nom9ate x to be ( a suit 9 :i* he has previ\sly r5\nc$2 & if he plays x 7n be+ ! lead]7 to ! lead ( a suit 9 :i* he has previ\sly r5\nc$1 x has no w9n+ value4 ,:5 !re are trumps1 ! ,jok] & bo? ,b[]s =m "p ( ! trump suit 9 ! ord] ( prec$5ce already expla9$4 ,if ! bidd] fulfils 8 contract1 or makes any great] numb] ( tricks few] ?an t51 he scores ! numb] ( po9ts set out 9 ! above table1 b no m4 ,if he w9s all ! t5 tricks1 he scores a m9imum ( #bej2 b if 8 bid be wor? m ?an #bej1 he scores no?+ extra4 ,%\ld he fail 9 8 contract1 ! value ( 8 bid is set d[n 9 8 m9us column1 & has to be d$uct$ f 8 pa/ or future plus score4 ,9 e case1 ea* oppon5t ( ! bidd] scores #aj po9ts = e trick t he w9s4 ,! w9n] ( ! game is he :o fir/ scores #ejj po9ts 7h5ce ! title ( ! game74 ,if two play]s score m ?an #ejj ea* 9 ! same deal1 "o ( !m be+ ! bidd]1 ! latt] is ! w9n]4 ,if nei!r is ! bidd]1 he :o fir/ makes ! trick t br+s 8 score ov] #ejj is ! w9n]4 ,ea* play] keeps 8 score 9 ?ree columns1 "o = plus po9ts 7head$ ,,won71 "o = m9us po9ts 7head$ ,,lo/71 & ! ?ird = ! net total4 #bfa ,,revokes4 ,! ,am]ican rule is z foll[s3-- ,^u ! revoke be+ claim$ & prov$1 ! h&s %all be imm$iately ab&on$4 ,if x is an adv]s>y ( ! bidd] :o has revok$1 ! bidd] scores ! full am\nt ( 8 bid1 :ile ! side 9 error scores no?+4 ,pr(essor ,h(fmann's rule is z foll[s3-- ,if ! bidd] be ! (f5d]1 he %all be set back ! am\nt ( 8 bid i4e4 ! am\nt %all be scor$ 9 8 m9us column1 ea* ( ! oppon5ts scor+ z usual = any trick or tricks he may h made1 includ+ any :i*1 b = ! revoke1 w\ld h fall5 to him4 ,if "o ( ! oppon5ts be ! (f5d]1 ! c>ds ( ! trick 9 :i* ! revoke occurr$1 & ( any subsequ5t trick1 %all be tak5 back by _! respective hold]s1 & ! h& play$ anew f t po9t4 ,! bidd] & ! oppon5t n 9 fault %all ea* score accord+ to ! result ( ! play1 b ! (f5d] c score no?+ = t h&1 & %all fur!r be set back #ajj po9ts4 ,if a play] f9ds t he holds ! ,jok]1 two knaves ( ! same col\r1 & any two o!r c>ds ( ! same suit z "o ( ! knaves1 he has f\r tricks c]ta91 by decl>+ ! ?ree-suit trumps1 unless all ! o!r five trumps be 9 ! same h&4 ,%\ld he hold two m tricks 9 ! side suits1 he w be q ju/ifi$ 9 bidd+ six4 ,! *ances ( gett+ ano!r trump1 by tak+ 9 ! wid[1 are an important elem5t 9 arriv+ at s\nd decisions4 ,! odds evid5tly v>y ) ! numb] ( trumps already held by ! play]4 #bfb ,! foll[+ figures %\ld be c>efully borne 9 m9d3 ,if a play] holds f\r trumps1 x is #h to #e on 8 f9d+ "o m at lea/ 9 ! wid[4 ,if he holds five trumps1 ! odds are only #g to #f 9 fav\r4 ,if he has six1 he mu/ n reckon on gett+ ano!r1 ! odds be+ #f to #e aga9/4 ,,book ,,on ,,five ,,hundr$4 ,,h(fmann1 ,,pr(essor4--,five ,hundr$3 ! popul> ,am]ican ,c>d ,game4 ,goodall ,son1 ,ld4 99 99 99 99 99 #bfc ,,qu9to4 ,?is game is ! inv5tion ( ,pr(essor ,h(fmann4 ,x has a*iev$ imm$iate popul>ity 9 circles :]e x has be5 exp]im5tally introduc$1 & x has be5 ?\ght t x may ev5 be de/9$ to supplant ,bridge4 ,waiv+ discussion1 h[ev]1 ( ! "q :e!r ,bridge is on ! po9t ( imm$iate deposition f its ?rone1 no imp>tial p]son w\ld d5y t games c\ld be devis$ t might run x v close1 & bid fair to imp]il its popul>ity4 ,to inv5t su* a game ,pr(essor ,h(fmann1 ) 8 long & close exp]i5ce ( social pa/imes ( e k9d1 is exceptionally well qualifi$2 &1 :e!r or no we %all all leave (f be+ ,bridge-play]s & become ,qu9to-play]s1 !re is no d5y+ t 9 ! latt] game !re are sev]al new & int]e/+ elem5ts1 t x c>efully avoids ! fatal error ( excessive complexity--! ru9 ( ,v9t & ,skat1 = in/ance--& t x is comp\nd$ ( skill & *ance 9 v happy proportions4 ,x is a game ( two p>tn]s aga9/ two1 z at ,bridge & ,:i/4 ,! pack1 h[ev]1 consi/s ( fifty-?ree c>ds in/ead ( fifty-two4 ,! place ( ! extra c>d 7five cr[ns--kn[n z ,qu9t ,royal7 :i* is includ$ by ,messrs4 ,goodall ,son 9 _! ,qu9to packs c be suppli$ equally well by ! ,jok]1 :i* all ord9>y packs n[ conta94 ,simil>ly1 ! score-%eets 7:i* resemble #bfd ^? ( ,bridge1 except t no horizontal division is necess>y7 may be disp5s$ )1 & _! place suppli$ by ord9>y pap] & p5cil1 or by an ord9>y cribbage-bo>d4 ,aft] settl+ p>tn]s & deal 9 ! usual way1 ! c>ds are %uffl$ & cut1 & ! deal] !n lays aside ! five top c>ds1 face d[nw>ds1 to =m :at is kn[n z ! ca*ette4 ,! rema9+ =ty-eight c>ds are dealt out z at ,:i/1 s t ea* h& conta9s twelve c>ds2 b no trump c>d is turn$ up4 ,! play]s 9 rotation1 comm5c+ ) ! elde/ h&1 h !n ! option ( once d\bl+ ! value ( ea* trick1 & ( once re-d\bl+ an oppon5t's d\ble4 ,! option passes r\nd ! table once only1 & does n affect ! value ( ! qu9ts1 z def9$ bel[4 ,! normal value ( ea* trick1 reckon$ irrespective ( its cont5ts1 & c\nt+ to ! side :i* w9s x1 is five po9ts4 ,ea* side scores ! numb] ( tricks t x actually w9s4 ,if ,a ,b w9 #aa tricks1 & ,y ,z #b1 ,a ,b score #ee1 & ,y ,z #aj4 ,^! values may1 h[ev]1 be d\bl$ or quadrupl$ be=e ! play beg9s1 z previ\sly expla9$4 ,! w9n]s ( ! twelf? trick take ! ca*ette1 :i* itself c\nts z an extra trick4 ,?us ! w9n+ ( ! twelf? trick be>s a d\ble value4 ,s f> z reg>ds trick scor+4 ,! hon\rs are kn[n z ,qu9ts1 & are 7#a7 ,! five ( any suit1 a fif? hon\r be+ ! ,jok] or ,qu9t ,royal2 7#b7 ,an ace & f\r1 or a deuce & trey1 ( ! same suit1 fall+ to ! same trick4 ,qu9ts c\nt n to ! side to :i* !y are orig9ally dealt1 b to ! side t w9s ! trick conta9+ #bfe !m4 ,!y are m>k$ z !y occur 9 c\rse ( play1 accord+ to ! foll[+ scale3 ,qu9t ,royal1 #be2 ,qu9t 9 ,he>ts1 #bj2 9 ,diamonds1 #ae2 9 ,clubs1 #aj2 9 ,spades1 #e4 ,! cont5ts ( ! ca*ette 7if ( any value7 are simil>ly scor$ by ! side t takes x4 ,! play ( ,qu9t ,royal is peculi>4 ,x has no trick-tak+ value at all1 & c be scor$ by ! hold] only if he c ?r[ x on a trick won by 8 p>tn]4 ,?is he is always all[$ to d1 :e!r he holds "o ( ! suit l$ or n4 ,) ! prec$+ exception1 e play]1 hav+ "o ( ! suit l$1 mu/ foll[4 ,if he has n1 he may trump or ov]-trump4 ,no selection is made ( any p>ticul> suit = trumps1 b = trump+ purposes ! suits asc5d 9 p[]1 9 ,bridge ord]1 f spades to he>ts4 ,?us any spade may be trump$ by ! deuce ( clubs1 :i* may be ov]-trump$ by any o!r club or by ! deuce ( diamonds--& s on up to ! "o c>d1 ! ace ( he>ts1 :i* is a w9n] aga9/ all ! re/4 ,game is #bej up4 ,a di/9ction betwe5 qu9ts & tricks is t ! =m] are m>k$ up z !y occur 9 c\rse ( play1 & t1 z soon z ! scor+ ( !m br+s ei!r side up to or beyond #bej1 t game is at an end1 & ! re/ ( ! h& is ab&on$4 ,! value ( ! ca*ette may make ! w9n]s ( x game2 if s1 ! tricks are n c\nt$4 ,if nei!r side is #bej up aft] c\nt+ all qu9ts1 ! value ( ! tricks won is add$ 94 ,%\ld su* addition br+ bo? p>ties beyond #bej1 ! high] ( ! two totals w9s4 ,^? :o fir/ w9 two games w9 ! rubb]1 & score #ajj po9ts extra !re=4 ,!re is ano!r me?od ( scor+--by s+le1 #bff d\ble1 & treble games--b ! =m] way has be5 pref]r$ :]ev] ! writ] has se5 ! game play$4 ,be=e ,qu9t ,royal has be5 play$1 a play] :o does n hold x %\ld be always on ! al]t to give 8 p>tn] ! *ance ( mak+ x4 ,! orig9al lead]1 !re=e 7n hold+ ,qu9t ,royal himself71 is always expect$ to />t ) ! ace ( spades1 if he has x4 ,if n1 ) ! ace ( clubs4 ,! ace ( he>ts is c]ta9ly1 & ! ace ( diamonds probably1 too valuable to be l$ out 9 ?is way4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a black suit is obvi\sly a hopeless task1 = bo? r$ suits _c be got out ( ! way4 ,he>ts1 h[ev]1 may sometimes be extract$ = ! b5efit ( a good long suit ( diamonds4 ,,dummy 7,,or ,,?ree-,,h&$7 ,,qu9to4 ,9 ! case ( ?ree play]s only1 "o plays a ,dummy h& 9 comb9ation ) 8 own4 ,?is be+ a v decid$ advantage1 ! ,dummy-play] is h&icapp$ #be1 t numb] ( po9ts be+ scor$ to 8 oppon5ts' cr$it be=e ! game beg9s4 ,rubb]s are n play$1 ea* game be+ settl$ = sep>ately1 & ! ?ree play]s take ,dummy 9 rotation1 game by game4 ,! p>tn] ( ,dummy always takes fir/ deal ( ea* game4 ,:5 ei!r ( ,dummy's oppon5ts deals1 ! ,dummy-play] mu/ look fir/ at ! h& f :i* he has to lead1 & mu/ d\ble or re-d\ble f 8 k ( t "o h& only4 ,,book ,,on ,,qu9to4 ,,h(fmann1 ,,pr(essor4--,qu9to3 ,a new & orig9al c>d game4 ,goodall ,son1 ,ld4 99 99 99 99 99 #bfg ,,pok] ,,pati5ce4 ,?is game1 :i* has rec5tly come into fav\r among c>d-play]s1 consi/s ess5tially ( ! task ( lay+ out tw5ty-five c>ds face upw>ds on ! table1 9 five r[s ( five c>ds ea*4 ,a full :i/ pack ( #eb c>ds is %uffl$ & cut1 & ! c>ds are dealt by ! play]1 "o by "o1 9 ord] f ! top4 ,ea* c>d1 aft] ! fir/1 mu/ be laid d[n1 z x is dealt1 next to "o already on ! table1 ei!r v]tically1 horizontally1 or diagonally4 ,t is to say1 x mu/ be plac$ imm$iately above1 or bel[2 to ! "r1 or to ! left2 or corn] to corn]4 ,! resultant oblong is consid]$ z compris+ t5 ,pok] h&s 7( five c>ds ea*71 five h&s be+ reckon$ horizontally 7:i* we w call ! r[s7 & five v]tically 7:i* we w call ! columns74 ,! object is to lay out ! c>ds s t ! aggregate total score ( ! t5 ,pok] h&s %all be z l>ge z possible4 ,! score-table is z foll[s 7= def9ition ( t]ms1 see page #abd73-- ,/raight flu% #cj ,?rees #f ,f\rs #af ,flu% #e ,/raight #ab ,two pairs #c ,full #aj ,"o pair #a 7,x w be notic$ t ! relative values diff] f ^? 9 ,pok] prop]47 #bfh ,! game may be play$ by two or m play]s1 ea* aga9/ all4 ,ea* play] is provid$ ) a sep>ate pack4 ,"o is appo9t$ deal]2 8 pack is %uffl$ & cut 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! packs ( ! o!r play]s %\ld1 = conv5i5ce1 be sort$ out previ\sly into suits4 ,z a c>d is dealt1 ! deal] names x al\d2 ea* ( ! o!r play]s !n selects ! same c>d f 8 own pack4 ,e "o uses 8 own judgm5t z to ! lay+-out ( ! c>ds2 & :5 ! tw5ty-five are all play$1 & ! tableaux are complete1 ! total scor$ by ea* play] is add$ up1 & ! los]s pay ! w9n]s on an agre$ scale4 ,suppos+ five play]s h scor$ z foll[s4-- ,a1 #hg2 ,b1 #ha2 ,c1 #gh2 ,d1 #gh2 ,e1 #fe4 ,a is paid #f1 #i1 #i1 #bb po9ts by ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e respectively4 ,b is paid #c1 #c1 #af po9ts by ,c1 ,d1 ,e respectively4 ,c & ,d are ea* paid #ac po9ts by ,e4 ,?us ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d w9 #df1 #af1 #a1 #a po9ts respectively2 & ,e loses #fd4 ,or we may proce$ by add+ all ! scores toge!r 7mak+ #chi71 multiply+ ea* play]'s score by #e 7! numb] ( play]s71 & pay+ = ! diff]5ces1 above or bel[ ! total4 ,if we multiply ea* play]'s total1 z giv5 above1 by #e1 we get ,a1 #dce2 ,b1 #dje2 ,c & ,d1 #cij2 ,e1 #cbe4 ,! diff]5ces 7by excess or defect7 betwe5 ^! & #chi give ! same result z be=e4 ,,s]p5t ,,pok] ,,pati5ce4 ,?is is a problem v>iety ( ! above game introduc$ by ,erne/ ,b]gholt4 ,9 ! prec$+ game1 #bfi ! c>ds are dealt bl9d--t is to say1 :5 we lay d[n any giv5 c>d1 we are 9 ignorance ( ^? t are to foll[4 ,9 ,s]p5t ,pok] ,pati5ce1 ! tw5ty-five c>ds are dealt1 9 fix$ ord]1 face upw>ds1 & are all kn[n to ! play] be=e he beg9s to lay !m out4 ,?is is a pa/ime = "o play] only4 ,if !re 7 no limitation ( ! rule = lay+ out ! c>ds1 ! analysis w\ld be too complicat$ to be practicable2 h5ce ! add$ re/riction1 :i* =bids ! corn] to corn] contact1 & enjo9s t ea* c>d mu/ be laid v]tically or horizontally next to ! "o la/ play$4 ,we h1 9 fact1 to make a rook's pa? on a *ess-bo>d ( tw5ty-five squ>es1 beg9n+ & end+ :]e we please4 ,:ile analysis is ?us simplifi$1 !re /ill rema9s consid]able scope = v>iation 9 ! total score obta9$4 ,! art ( play (t5 consi/s 9 ! sacrifice ( valuable comb9ations 9 ord] to obta9 o!rs :i*1 9 ! aggregate1 w c\nt a high] numb] ( po9ts2 & curi\s results may ?us be sometimes exhibit$4 ,i give ! foll[+ by way ( illu/ration3 x is n difficult4 ,! tw5ty-five c>ds are dealt 9 ! ord] specifi$3-- ,d4#f1 ,s4#e1 ,c4,q1 ,d4,q1 ,h4,q1 ,h4#aj1 ,c4#aj1 ,h4#f1 ,c4#c1 ,h4,j1 ,h4 ace1 ,h4#e1 ,h4#h1 ,h4,k1 ,s4,q1 ,h4#d1 ,c4#b1 ,d4#b1 ,h4#g1 ,s4,j1 ,s4#c1 ,h4#c1 ,d4#c1 ,s4#f1 ,h4#b4 ,:at is ! highe/ score t c be made by lay+ out ! above c>ds 9 s]p5t9e ord]8 ,a few trials w sugge/ ! foll[+ arrangem5t1 ) two /raight flu%es1 int]sect+ 9 ! ace ( he>ts1 :]eby a total ( #gh may be secur$3-- #bgj ------------------------- ,h4#h ,h4#e ,c4#c ,h4#f ,c4#aj ------------------------- ,h4,k ,h4,a ,h4,j ,h4,q ,h4#aj ------------------------- ,s4,q ,h4#d ,c4#b ,d4,q ,c4,q ------------------------- ,s4#f ,h4#b ,d4#b ,h4#g ,s4#e ------------------------- ,d4#c ,h4#c ,s4#c ,s4,j ,d4#f ------------------------- ,! r[s c\nt a /raight flu% 7#cj71 ?rees 7#f71 a pair 7#a71 ?rees 7#f72 ! columns c\nt a /raight flu% 7#cj71 two pairs 7#c71 pair 7#a71 pair 7#a74 ,total1 #gh4 ,b ! correct solution is z foll[s 7ab&on+ "o ( ! /raight flu%es73-- ------------------------- ,h4#h ,h4#e ,c4#c ,h4#f ,c4#aj ------------------------- ,h4,k ,h4,a ,h4,j ,h4,q ,h4#aj ------------------------- ,s4,q ,s4,j ,s4#c ,d4,q ,c4,q ------------------------- ,h4#d ,h4#g ,h4#c ,d4#f ,s4#e ------------------------- ,c4#b ,d4#b ,d4#c ,s4#f ,h4#b ------------------------- ,! r[s c\nt a /raight flu% 7#cj71 ?rees 7#f71 a /raight 7#ab71 ?rees 7#f74 ,! columns c\nt f\rs 7#af71 full h& 7#aj71 pair 7#a74 ,total1 #ha4 99 99 99 99 99 #bga ,,backgammon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,backgammon is play$ by two p]sons1 on a special bo>d ) ?irty m51 fifte5 :ite & fifte5 black 7or r$71 simil> to ^? us$ = ! game ( ,draughts4 ,! bo>d 7see ,fig4 #a7 is squ>e1 usually ( wood1 l9$ ) lea!r1 & is divid$ into two equal comp>tm5ts1 ea* ) a rais$ wall or bord]4 ,x is usually made 9 two portions1 #bgb h+$ s z to fold toge!r1 & be>+ on _! outw>d surfaces ! necess>y squ>es = draughts or *ess1 s t ! "o bo>d may answ] bo? purposes4 ,! bo>d is s plac$ 9 use t ! two comp>tm5ts1 kn[n z tables1 %all lie longitud9ally betwe5 ! play]s4 ,"o ( ^! is kn[n z ! out]1 ! o!r z ! inn] or home table4 ,:i* ( ! two is = ! "t be+ ! inn] & :i* ! out] table is gov]n$ by ! arrangem5t ( ! m5 at />t+4 ,) ! m5 plac$ z 9 ,fig4 #a1 ! "r h& is ! inn] or home table1 & ! left h& consequ5tly ! out] table4 ,! portions ( ! two latt] ne>e/ to ea* play] are kn[n z 8 inn] & out] tables respectively4 ,ea* table is m>k$ ) twelve po9ts1 six at ei!r end4 ,!y are alt]nately ( black & :ite1 black & r$1 or o!r di/9ctive col\rs4 ,! two po9ts 9 ! inn] table f>!/ f ! divid+ p>tition or b> are kn[n z ! ace po9ts1 & ^? next 9 ord] z ! two or deuce po9ts1 foll[$ 9 succession by ! ?ree or trois po9ts1 ! f\r or quatre po9ts1 ! five or c9que po9ts1 & f9ally ! six#fe po9ts1 next ! b>4 ,! po9ts 9 ! out] tables are designat$ 9 l mann]1 b />t+ 9 ?is case f ! divid+ p>tition4 ,! ace po9t 9 ! out] table is m commonly kn[n z ! b> po9t4 ,a pair ( dice 7or sometimes a pair = ea* play]7 & a c\ple ( dice-boxes complete ! app>atus ( ! game4 ,! m5 are arrang$ at />t+ z %[n 9 #bgc ,fig4 #a--viz41 two ( ,:ite's m5 are plac$ on ! ace po9t 9 ,black's inn] table1 five are plac$ on ! six po9t 9 ,black's out] table1 ?ree on ! deuce po9t 9 ,:ite's out] table1 & five on ! six po9t 9 ,:ite's inn] table4 ,black's m5 are plac$ 9 l mann] on ! po9ts imm$iately fac+ ^!4 ,,play+4 ,! game is comm5c$ by ea* play] ?r[+ on ! c5tre ( ! bo>d a s+le die1 ! high] ?r[ ( ! two giv+ ! "r to beg94 ,9 ! ev5t ( a tie1 ! play]s ?r[ aga94 ,all subsequ5t ?r[s are ) bo? dice4 ,! ?r[] ( ! high] numb] may ei!r adopt ! po9ts %[n by ! two dice z 8 own ?r[1 or ?r[ aga94 ,aft] ?r[+1 he calls ! numb] ( ! ?r[1 ! high] numb] fir/1 z six deuce1 c9que trois1 quatre ace1 or z ! case may be1 & !n proce$s to make 8 move 9 accordance ) x4 ,! movem5t ( ! m5 ( ea* play] is f ! ace po9t 9 8 oppon5t's home table t[>ds ! l po9t 9 8 own1 ?\gh = _m purposes x suffices if he c play !m into 8 own table1 indep5d5tly ( _! rea*+ any p>ticul> po9t !re91 ! object ( ! game be+ fir/ to get all ! play]'s m5 into 8 own inn] table1 & !n to play !m out ( x aga91 accord+ to c]ta9 rules to be h]eaft] /at$4 ,! numb] upp]mo/ on ea* die entitles ! play] to move "o man =w>d a correspond+ numb] ( po9ts4 ,?us if he ?rew six trois1 he is entitl$ to move "o man six po9ts onw>d1 & !n ! same or ano!r man #bgd ?ree po9ts onw>d4 ,9 ! ev5t ( 8 ?r[+ ! same po9ts ) bo? dice 7kn[n z d\blets71 he is entitl$ to play ! ?r[ twice ov]4 ,suppose1 = example1 t he ?r[s two aces2 he may move "o or m m5 =w>d to an aggregate ext5t ( f\r po9ts4 ,if he ?r[ d\ble deuces1 he may move to an aggregate ext5t ( eight po9ts2 if d\ble ?rees1 twelve po9ts1 & s on4 ,! "r to move is subject to a c]ta9 qualification--viz41 t a man c only be play$ to a po9t :i* is ei!r vacant or occupi$ by "o or m m5 ( ! play]1 or by "o man only ( ! adv]s>y4 ,a play] gett+ two m5 on a giv5 po9t is said to make su* po9t1 & z he !reby secures su* m5 f capture1 & at ! same "t imp$es ! onw>d m>* ( ! enemy1 x is always an object to d ?is4 ,a s+le man on a giv5 po9t is kn[n z a blot1 & n only does n prev5t ! enemy play+ to t po9t1 b 9 ! ev5t ( its be+ hit--i4e41 rea*$ by an adv]se ?r[1 x is tak5 up 7plac$ on ! b> betwe5 ! two tables71 &1 h[ev] f> advanc$ x may h be51 has to beg9 its j\rney anew f ! inn] table ( ! adv]s>y4 ,nor c su* man aga9 />t on its j\rney until its own] is =tunate en\gh to make a ?r[ correspond+ ) a vacant po9t or blot 9 su* table4 ,until he does ?is1 ! play ( 8 o!r m5 is susp5d$4 ,if ! adv]se play]'s home table is completely full--i4e41 ea* po9t occupi$ by two or m m51 8 play is altoge!r susp5d$1 ! adv]s>y cont9u+ to ?r[ & move until ! c\rse ( play aga9 ?r[s op5 "o or m po9ts 9 8 table4 #bge ,any "p ( a ?r[ :i* _c be play$ is lo/ to ! ?r[]1 b e play] is compell$ to play ! :ole ( 8 ?r[ if x is possible to d s4 ,,be>+ ,,(f ,,! ,,m54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,:5 ei!r play] has succe$$ 9 gett+ all 8 m5 into 8 home table1 he proce$s to be> !m (f--i4e41 to remove !m f ! bo>d4 ,:5 ! game has rea*$ ?is /age1 ea* ?r[ entitles ! play] ei!r to move =w>d a man or m5 7to ! ext5t indicat$ by ! ?r[7 )9 ! limits ( 8 own table1 or to remove m5 f ! correspond+ po9ts4 ,?us1 suppose t ! play]'s m5 are ?us di/ribut$ 9 8 table3 five m5 on ! c9que po9t1 ?ree on ! quatre po9t1 ?ree on ! deuce1 & f\r on ! ace po9t1 ! trois & six po9ts be+ unoccupi$ 7see ,fig4 #b74 ,suppose t ! play] ?r[s quatre trois4 ,= ! quatre1 he may ei!r remove a man f ! quatre po9t or advance a man f ! c9que #bgf to ! ace po9t4 ,9 ! case ( ! trois1 he has no man on t po9t1 & !re=e mu/ play =w>d1 ei!r by advanc+ a man f ! c9que to ! deuce1 or f ! quatre to ! ace po9t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he ?r[s a numb] :i* he _c deal ) aft] ei!r ( ^! fa%ions--e4g41 a six1 he is entitl$ to be> (f a man f 8 highe/ occupi$ po9t1 9 ?is case ! c9que4 ,d\blets h1 z 9 ! e>li] /age ( ! game1 a tw(old value1 & may be play$ ei!r :olly by mov+ m5 =w>d1 :olly by be>+ (f1 or p>tly by ! "o me?od & p>tly by ! o!r1 z may be desirable4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t ! play]1 hav+ 8 m5 z %[n 9 ! figure1 ?r[s deuces2 hav+ only ?ree m5 on ! deuce po9t1 he c only be> (f t numb]2 ! f\r? man mu/ be play$ =w>d1 ei!r f ! c9que or quatre po9t4 ,! play] :o fir/ succe$s 9 remov+ all 8 m5 f ! bo>d w9s ! game1 b ! value ( ! game dep5ds ^u ! /age rea*$ by ! adv]se play]1 z foll[s3-- ,if ! adv]s>y has got all 8 m5 into 8 own home table1 & has begun to be> (f1 ! game ( ! w9n] is kn[n z a hit4 ,if ! w9n] has borne (f all 8 m5 be=e 8 adv]s>y has begun to d ! same1 ! game is kn[n z a gammon4 ,! los] is said to be gammon$1 & pays d\ble ! agre$ /ake4 ,if ! w9n] has borne (f all 8 m5 :ile ! adv]s>y has /ill a man or m5 up 7i4e41 on ! b>7 or 9 8 7! w9n]'s7 home table1 ! game is a backgammon1 & ! los] pays #bgg ei!r ?rice or f\r times 7z may h be5 agre$7 ! am\nt ( ! s+le /ake4 ,:]e sev]al games are play$ 9 succession1 ! w9n] ( a hit ?r[s fir/ 9 ! game next foll[+4 ,aft] a gammon or backgammon1 ! play]s ?r[ aga9 = ! "r to beg91 z at />t+4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,play4 ,a lead+ pr9ciple is to make po9ts :5ev] y fairly c1 especially 9 or close to y\r home table4 ,a second g5]al pr9ciple is to avoid ! leav+ ( blots1 p>ticul>ly :]e !y are likely to be hit by ! adv]s>y4#ff ,?is latt] pr9ciple is1 h[ev]1 subject to _m qualifications4 ,! advantages ( spread+ y\r m51 9 read9ess to make po9ts1 may m ?an c\nt]balance ! risk1 & 9 c]ta9 critical conditions ( ! game x is sometimes ev5 desirable to be hit1 inasmu* z x enables y to make a fre% />t f y\r adv]s>y's home table1 & s get ! opportunity 9 turn ( tak+ him up4 ,at ! op5+ ( a game ! m5 on bo? sides are 9 a uni=m position1 & x is1 consequ5tly1 possible to lay d[n specific rules z to ! be/ me?od ( play+ any giv5 ?r[4 ,we w g s]iatim ?r\gh all ! possible ?r[s4 ,9 "s in/ances alt]native me?ods w be giv51 accord+ z ! play] aims m]ely at secur+ a hit1 & is cont5t1 !re=e1 to play = safety1 or elects to #bgh play a m risky game ^u ! *ance ( secur+ a gammon4 ,?is case (t5 arises :]e ! play] has already lo/ ! fir/ hit ( a rubb]1 9 :i* case1 if he loses ! next game1 he has lo/ ! rubb] also2 b if he c secure a gammon 7reckon+ z a d\ble game71 he becomes ! w9n] ( ! rubb]4 ,,aces4--7,! be/ possible ?r[ at />t+47 ,play two m5 on y\r b> po9t1 & two on y\r c9que po9t4#fg ,,deuce ,,ace4--,= a hit1 play ! deuce f ! five m5 9 y\r adv]s>y's out]-table1 & ! ace f ! ace po9t 9 8 inn] table4 ,= a gammon1 play ! ace f ! six to ! ace po9t 9 y\r own table4 ,,deuces4--,= a hit1 play two f ! six to ! quatre po9t 9 y\r own table1 & ! o!r two f ! ace to ! trois po9t 9 y\r oppon5t's inn] table4 ,= a gammon1 play ! second pair f ! five m5 9 8 out] table4 ,,trois ,,ace4--,make y\r c9que po9t4 ,,trois ,,deuce4--,! approv$ play is to c>ry two m5 f ! five 9 y\r adv]s>y's out] table to ! quatre & c9que po9ts 9 y\r own out] table4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 makes two blots4 ,to avoid ?is1 "s1 = a hit1 play "o man f ! same #bgi po9t to ! deuce po9t 9 ! above-m5tion$ table1 b ! bold] play is to be pref]r$4 ,,d\ble ,,trois4--,!re are ?ree ways ( play+ ?is ?r[4 ,"s play]s make ! b> po9t4 ,! m usual play is1 = a hit1 to play two to ! c9que po9t 9 ! play]'s own1 & ! o!r two to ! quatre po9t 9 ! adv]s>y's table4 ,= a gammon1 play ! la/ two f ! six to ! trois po9t 9 y\r own table4 ,,quatre ,,ace4--,play ! quatre f ! five m5 9 y\r oppon5t's out] table1 & ! ace f 8 ace po9t4 7,timid play]s1 fe>+ to leave two blots1 sometimes play ! :ole ?r[ f ! fir/-m5tion$ po9t1 b ! plan is n to be recomm5d$47 ,,quatre ,,deuce4--,make y\r quatre po9t4 ,,quatre ,,trois4--,play two m5 f ! five 9 y\r adv]s>y's out] table4 ,,d\ble ,,quatre4--,play two m5 f ! ace to ! c9que po9t 9 ! adv]s>y's inn] table1 & two f ! five 9 8 out] table4 ,= a gammon1 play two m5 only1 f ! po9t la/ m5tion$ to ! c9que po9t 9 y\r own table4 ,,c9que ,,ace4--,play ! c9que f ! five m5 9 y\r adv]s>y's out] table1 & ! ace f ! ace po9t 9 8 inn] table4 ,= a gammon1 play ! ace f ! six to ! c9que po9t 9 y\r own table4 ,,c9que ,,deuce4--,play bo? m5 f ! five 9 y\r adv]s>y's out] table4 ,,c9que ,,trois4--,make y\r trois po9t4 ,,c9que ,,quatre4--,move "o man f y\r adv]s>y's ace po9t to ! trois po9t 9 8 out] table4 #bhj ,,d\ble ,,c9que4--,c>ry two m5 f ! five 9 ! adv]s>y's out] table1 & make y\r trois po9t4 ,,six ,,ace4--,make y\r b> po9t4 ,,six ,,deuce4--,move a man f ! five 9 y\r adv]s>y's out] table to ! c9que po9t 9 y\r own table4 ,,six ,,trois1 ,,six ,,quatre1 ,,six ,,c9que4--,c>ry "o man f y\r adv]s>y's ace po9t z f> z ! ?r[ w p]mit4 ,,sixes4--,place two m5 on y\r adv]s>y's b> po9t1 & two on y\r own4 ,( ! above ?r[s 7at ! outset ( ! game71 d\ble aces are reckon$ ! be/1 & d\ble sixes next be/4 ,d\ble trois comes ?ird1 foll[$ by trois ace & six ace4 ,d\blets1 if playable1 are good1 z cov]+ great] di/ance4 ,any ?r[ 9 :i* ! high] ( ! two numb]s is two 9 advance ( ! o!r 7z c9que trois1 trois ace7 is also good1 z enabl+ y to make a po9t 9 y\r table4#fh 99 99 99 99 99 #bha ,,bagatelle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,arrangem5t ( ! ,holes4 ,bagatelle is play$ ) n9e ivory balls on a special table or bo>d1 oblong 9 %ape1 f #f to #aj ft4 long1 & 9 wid? ab\t "o-f\r? ( its l5g?1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,at t end ( ! bo>d :i* 9 use is f>!/ f ! play] are sunk n9e hemisph]ical holes or cups1 "o z a #bhb c5tre1 ) ! o!rs 9 a circle r\nd x4 ,ea* hole be>s a numb]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,bagatelle ,bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,play+ (f ! ,cu%ion4 ,( ! n9e balls "o is black1 f\r are :ite1 & f\r are r$4 ,:atev] ! diamet] ( ! balls1 t ( ! cups mu/ exactly correspond ) x4 #bhc ,! sides ( ! bo>d are furni%$ ) a cont9u\s cu%ion1 su* cu%ion at ! upp] end =m+ a semi-circle1 conc5tric ) ! circle made by ! cups4 ,! upp] edge ( ea* side ( ! bo>d is pi]c$ ) a d\ble r[ ( small holes1 sixty 9 ea* r[1 arrang$ 9 gr\ps ( five4 ,! score is m>k$ by ins]t+ little ivory pegs 9 ^! holes1 ea* play] us+ "o side ( ! bo>d4 ,to score ! numb] obta9$1 ! play] removes 8 h9d] peg = ! "t be+1 & places x ! requir$ numb] ( holes 9 front ( ! =emo/ peg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,! ,cue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,! ,mace4 ,! balls are propell$1 at ! option ( ! play]1 ei!r ) a cue 7,fig4 #d7 or ) ! mace 7,fig4 #e74 ,! cue is a reproduction 9 m9iature ( t us$ at ,billi>ds4 ,! mace consi/s ( an oblong %oe1 or block ( wood1 slightly curv$1 atta*$ to a long ?9 tap]+ h&le4 ,! cue is us$ z at ,billi>ds4 ,! mace is h&l$ 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,! %oe at its foot is plac$ 9 actual contact ) ! ball1 ! h&le po9t+ ov] ! "r %\ld] ( ! play]1 grasp$1 ab\t "o-?ird f ! top1 betwe5 ! ?umb & second & ?ird f+]s ( ! "r h&4 ,! ball is !n pu%$ =w>d 9 ! desir$ direction4 ,at be/ ! mace is b a clumsy implem5t1 & w\ld nev] be us$ by any "o :o _h acquir$ #bhd ev5 ! mo/ elem5t>y skill 9 h&l+ ! cue4 ,at />t+1 ! black ball is plac$ on ! spot m>k$ a 7,fig4 #b74 ,! play]1 tak+ ! rema9+ balls1 places "o ( !m on ! spot m>k$ b1 & impels x 9 ! direction ( ! black ball4 ,if he hits ?is latt]1 ! /roke is good1 & he plays ano!r ball1 cont9u+ till ! :ole eight h be5 play$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ ball play$ miss ! black1 x is remov$ f ! table 7:e!r x fall into a hole or n71 & is lo/ to ! play] = t turn1 z also any succe$+ ball until ! black ball is hit1 aft] :i* ! obligation to /rike x ceases4 ,if any ball is s /ruck z to be driv5 back t[>ds ! play] m ?an half-way d[n ! bo>d1 x is 9 l mann] remov$4 ,aft] ! black ball is once /ruck1 ! play] is no long] oblig$ to place 8 own ball on ! spot b1 b may place x at any po9t beh9d su* spot4 ,he cont9ues till ! :ole ( ! eight balls h be5 play$4 ,! object ( ! play] is to hole z _m ( 8 balls z possible1 pref]ably 9 ! cups be>+ ! high] numb]s4 ,! black ball c\nts d\ble1 & a good play] w1 !re=e1 endeav\r to get ?is into ! c5tre hole4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is some:at difficult1 =1 if /ruck directly t[>ds ! #i1 x mu/ pass ov] ! #a1 & is v likely to hole itself !re94 ,x is1 !re=e1 saf] play to /rike x lightly on ! "r side1 & s drive x t[>ds ! #h1 into :i* x may probably be coax$ by a subsequ5t ball4 ,:5 ! black ball has f\nd a re/+-place1 ! ef=ts ( ! play] are direct$ to place 8 rema9+ balls to ! be/ advantage4 #bhe ,! approv$ me?ods ( play = do+ ?is1 z to holes #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 are indicat$ by ! dott$ l9es 9 ,fig4 #c1 ! ball be+ s /ruck z to g (f ! cu%ion into ! desir$ hole4 ,! be/ mode ( play+ a giv5 ball w1 h[ev]1 be greatly gov]n$ by ! positions occupi$ by prec$+ balls4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t a numb] ( balls lie at di/ances less ?an _! own diamet] f ! semicircul> cu%ion at top4 ,9 su* case1 a ball s5t sl[ly r\nd ! cu%ion w /rike !m all 9 succession1 &1 driv+ !m t[>ds ! c5tre1 may hole "o or m ( !m4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! balls 9 "q are m ?an _! own diamet] f ! cu%ion1 ! ball s5t 9 pursuit ( !m w run h>mlessly r\nd1 & v probably be lo/ by ov]pass+ ! half-way l9e4 ,or1 aga91 ! balls may be ly+ close "u ! cu%ion1 & ! impact ( ! ball 9 play may simply drive !m fur!r r\nd4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t a ball lies j on ! br9k ( a hole1 & t a discreet t\* 9 ! "r place w cause x to drop !re94 ,= su* /rokes z ^! ! in/ructions giv5 = secur+ w9n+ haz>ds at ,billi>ds may be /udi$ ) advantage4 ,! game is usually #abj po9ts--i4e41 up & d[n ! bo>d4 ,?is numb]1 is1 h[ev]1 n absolute1 ! play] :o fir/ rea*es x cont9u+ to play until ! :ole ( 8 eight balls are exhau/$1 & scor+ ! :ole numb] obta9$4 ,if he be ! second play]1 ! game is !n at an end1 b if he 0 ! fir/ to play1 ! second play] is entitl$ to #bhf play 8 eight balls also1 & ! play] atta9+ ! l>g] total is ! w9n]4 ,if1 :5 ! game is won1 ! los] has n turn$ ! corn]--i4e41 begun to score on ! d[nw>d j\rney1 ! game is a d\ble1 & if !re 0 any /ake1 ! los] pays d\ble accord+ly4 ,:]e f\r p]sons take "p1 two play z p>tn]s aga9/ ! two o!rs1 "o ( ea* side play+ alt]nately ! :ole ( ! eight balls4#fi 99 99 99 99 99 #bhg ,,billi>ds4 ,! be/ introduction to an acc\nt ( ,billi>ds w be a brief explanation ( ! implem5ts ( ! game & ! t]ms us$ 9 connection ) x4 ,! b$ ( a full-siz$ table 7see ,fig4 #a7 is #ab ft4 long1 & #f ft4 #a-a_/b in*es wide4 ,! pockets are #c-e_/h in*es across4 ,! billi>d spot1 ,s1 is #ab-c_/d in*es f ! c5tre ( ! top cu%ion1 opposite to ! baulk4 ,! pyramid spot1 ,p1 is plac$ at ! int]section ( two l9es drawn f ! two middle pockets to ! opposite top pockets4 ,! c5tre spot1 ,m1 is exactly betwe5 ! middle pockets4 ,! baulk is ! space beh9d a l9e drawn across ! table1 #bi in*es f ! face ( ! bottom cu%ion1 & p>allel to x4 ,! half-circle1 or ,d1 is #bc in*es 9 diamet]1 its c5tre1 ,k1 co9cid+ ) ! c5tre ( ! baulk-l9e4 ,! game is play$ ) ?ree balls ( equal size & weight1 "o r$1 "o :ite1 & "o spot-:ite4 ,! diamet] ( a ball mu/ be n less ?an #b-a_/af in*es1 nor m ?an #b-c_/cb in*es4 ,! diamet] ( a mat* ball1 "u ,national ,rules1 is #b-e_/fd in*es4 #bhh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 #bhi ,! *oice ( balls & ord] ( play is1 unless mutually agre$ ^u1 det]m9$ by /r++ 7i4e41 play+ f baulk up ! table1 s z to /rike ! top cu%ion74 ,! /rik] ^: ball /ops ne>e/ ! l[] cu%ion may take :i* ball he likes1 & play1 or direct 8 oppon5t to play1 z he may deem exp$i5t4 ,9 /r++1 "u ,national ,rules1 ! play]s mu/ bo? play at ! same "t4 ,! r$ ball is1 at ! op5+ ( e game1 plac$ on ! billi>d spot1 & mu/ be replac$ aft] be+ pocket$ or =c$ (f ! table4 ,if ! billi>d spot be occupi$1 ! r$ ball mu/ be plac$ on ! pyramid spot1 or1 if t also be occupi$1 on ! c5tre spot4 ,:5 any play] plays f baulk1 he mu/ place 8 ball )9 ! half-circle1 or on ! l9e t conta9s x4 ,:oev] breaks ! balls 7i4e41 leads (f7 mu/ play out ( baulk1 ?\gh x is n necess>y t he %all /rike ! r$ ball1 & he may give a miss 9 or out ( baulk4 ,b1 if 9 baulk1 he mu/ fir/ /rike a cu%ion out ( baulk4 ,no play] :o is 9 h& is all[$ to /rike any ball 9 baulk1 or on ! baulk-l9e1 unless 8 ball has fir/ /ruck a cu%ion out ( baulk4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 a ball be out ( baulk1 ! play] 9 h& may /rike any "p ( t ball )\t 8 own ball necess>ily go+ out ( baulk4 ,! play] cont9ues to play until he ceases to score1 :5 8 oppon5t foll[s on4 ,! v>i\s /rokes are z "u3 #a4--;,a w9n+ haz>d is made by ! play] caus+ 8 own ball to hit an object ball & =c+ ! latt] into a pocket4 #b4--;,a los+ haz>d is made by ! play] caus+ 8 own ball to hit an object ball & =c+ 8 own ball into a pocket4 #bij #c4--;,a cannon is made by caus+ ! play]'s ball to /rike ! two object balls4 ,by ,billi>d ,association rules1 :5 two object balls are /ruck simultane\sly1 ! /roke %all be scor$ z if ! :ite _h be5 /ruck fir/4 ,"u ,national ,rules1 su* a /roke c\nts z if ! r$ 7 /ruck fir/4 #d4--;,a c\p is made by =c+ ! play]'s own ball into a pocket )\t fir/ /rik+ ano!r ball4 ,a miss c\nts "o1 a c\p ?ree1 to ! opposite play]4 ,! scores are c\nt$ z foll[s3-- ,a4--,a two /roke is made by pocket+ an oppon5t's ball--i4e41 a w9n+ haz>d2 or by pocket+ ! /rik]'s ball (f 8 oppon5t's--i4e41 a los+ haz>d2 or by mak+ a cannon4 ,b4--,a ?ree /roke is made by pocket+ ! r$ ball--i4e41 a r$ w9n+ haz>d2 or by pocket+ ! /rik]'s ball (f ! r$--i4e41 a r$ los+ haz>d4 ,c4--,a f\r /roke may be made by pocket+ ! :ite & spot-:ite balls2 or by mak+ a cannon & pocket+ an oppon5t's ball2 or by mak+ a cannon & pocket+ ! /rik]'s ball1 ! oppon5t's ball hav+ be5 fir/ hit4 ,d4--,a five /roke may be made by scor+ a cannon & pocket+ ! r$ ball2 or by a cannon & pocket+ ! /rik]'s ball1 aft] hav+ /ruck ! r$ ball fir/ or bo? balls simultane\sly2 or by pocket+ ! r$ ball & ! oppon5t's ball )\t cannon+1 or by mak+ a los+ haz>d (f ! :ite & pocket+ ! r$ ball4 ,e4--,a six /roke is made by ! r$ ball be+ /ruck fir/1 & ! /rik]'s & ! r$ ball #bia pocket$2 or by a cannon (f an oppon5t's ball on to ! r$ & pocket+ ! two :ite balls4 ,f4--,a sev5 /roke is made by /rik+ an oppon5t's ball fir/1 pocket+ x1 mak+ a cannon1 & pocket+ ! r$ also2 or by mak+ a cannon & pocket+ ! r$ & an oppon5t's ball2 or by play+ at an oppon5t's ball fir/ & pocket+ all ! balls )\t mak+ a cannon2 or by play+ at ! r$ fir/1 cannon+1 & pocket+ y\r own & ! oppon5t's ball4 ,g4--,an eight /roke is made by /rik+ ! r$ ball fir/1 pocket+ x1 mak+ a cannon1 & pocket+ ! /rik]'s ball2 or by hitt+ ! r$ fir/ & pocket+ all ! balls )\t mak+ a cannon4 ,h4--,a n9e /roke is made by /rik+ an oppon5t's ball fir/1 mak+ a cannon1 & pocket+ all ! balls4 ,i4--,a t5 /roke is made by /rik+ ! r$ ball fir/1 mak+ a cannon1 & pocket+ all ! balls4 ,rev]t+ to ! t]ms us$ 9 ! game1 ! cue is ! /ick ) :i* ! play] /rikes ! ball4 ,x v>ies 9 l5g? f #d ft4 #f in*es to #e ft4 ,! ?ick end or butt has a diamet] ( ab\t #a-a_/b in*es4 ,! small end or tip v>ies f #a_/b to #a_/d in* 9 diamet]4 ,! av]age is ab\t #c_/h ( an in*4 ,! tip is =m$ ( two pieces ( lea!r glu$ toge!r4 ,:5 ! tip gets greasy or too smoo?1 x %\ld be rubb$ ) a piece ( *alk4 ,,! ,,re/4--,! real re/1 t is1 ! support on :i* ! cue is rais$ 9 ord] to /rike ! ball1 is ! left h&4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is m #bib g5]ally t]m$ ! bridge2 :at is kn[n z ! re/1 or jigg]1 is a cross ( wood fix$ at "r angles to a h&le ab\t ! same l5g? z ! cue1 9 ord] to enable a play] to /rike a ball :5 x is too f> away to all[ him to use 8 h& z a bridge4 ,special re/s1 & cues ( extra l5g?1 are made to meet exceptional positions ( ! balls4 ,,9 ,,h&4--,a ball is said to be 9 h& :5 x is (f ! table1 & ! play] has to play f ! half-circle or ,d4 ,,break+ ,,! ,,balls4--,:oev] plays1 be+ 9 h&1 :5 ! r$ ball is on ! spot & ! o!r ball also is 9 h&1 is said to break ! balls4 ,,9 ,,baulk4--,a ball is said to be 9 baulk :5 x is betwe5 ! baulk-l9e & ! bottom cu%ion4 ,,break4--,! s]ies ( scores t]m9at+ ) ! /roke 9 :i* ! play] fails to score is call$ a break4 ,,screw ,,& ,,screw-,,back4--,?is is putt+ a rotatory motion on a ball1 caus+ x to sp9 on a horizontal axis backw>ds4 ,screw is put on by /rik+ ! ball bel[ ! c5tre4 ,,foll[+ ,,/roke4--,?is is putt+ a rotatory motion on a ball1 caus+ x to sp9 on a horizontal axis =w>ds in/ead ( backw>ds4 ,! /roke is made by /rik+ ! ball high up above ! c5tre4 ,,side4--,?is is a rotatory motion put on a ball1 mak+ x sp9 on a p]p5dicul> axis4 ,9 ea* ( ! =ego+ cases ! ball is made to take1 aft] /rik+ ano!r ball1 or a cu%ion1 a direction diff]5t f t :i* x w\ld take did no su* rotatory motion exi/4 ,9 ord] t ! le>n] may ! bett] und]/& ! mean+ ( screw1 screw-back1 foll[+ /roke1 #bic & side1 we w illu/rate !m by means ( a diagram4 ,9 ,fig4 #a we w suppose ! r$ ball to be plac$ on ! middle spot 9 ! table1 ,m4 ,! play] places 8 own ball 9 ! c5tre spot 9 ! baulk-l9e1 ,k1 & aims 8 ball1 fir/ ( all1 s z to /rike ! object ball ) ! ord9>y ,,half-,,ball ,,/roke--t is1 ! c5tre ( 8 ball advances t[>ds ! extreme edge ( ! object ball4 ,9 ,fig4 #b1 ,o is ! object ball2 ,s1 ! /rik]'s ball4 ,9 ord] to play ! half-ball /roke1 x is necess>y t ! play] %\ld aim at ! po9t ,e1 ! extreme edge ( ! horizontal diamet] ( ! object ball4 ,( c\rse1 z ! diagram %[s1 he w n /rike ! ball 9 ! po9t at :i* he aims 7?is is nev] done save 9 ! case ( ! ball be+ /ruck exactly 9 ! c5tre71 b z ,s#a1 9 ! po9t ,c4 ,:5 ! object ball is ?us /ruck1 ! /rik]'s ball1 suppos+ !re is no screw on ! ball1 w take ! direction indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #b z ,s#b4 ,?is angle is call$ ! natural angle2 ab\t ?is natural angle we %all h to say m by-&-by4 ,suppose ! /roke play$ ?us4 ,aft] play+1 ! ball w foll[ ! l9e ,m ,p 7,fig4 #a74 ,n[ suppose "s /rong screw _h be5 put on ! ball by hitt+ x l[ d[n4 ,! ball1 ow+ to ! hit1 & to its aft]-contact ) ! ball at ,m1 w\ld foll[ ! l9e ,m ,p2 b1 ow+ to ! rotatory motion mak+ ! ball revolve or sp9 backw>ds1 x has a t5d5cy to run back aga9 t[>ds ,k1 ! po9t f :i* x />t$4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ^! two =ces1 ! ball takes ! m$ium c\rse %[n by ! dott$ l9e ,m ,p#a4 ,9 o!r words1 ! /rik]1 al?\gh he hits ! object ball a half-ball /roke1 screws into ! middle pocket4 #bid ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,n[ suppose1 in/ead ( hitt+ ! ball bel[ ! c5tre1 he hits x high up above ! c5tre1 s z to make ! ball rotate =w>ds4 ,aft] ! balls h come 9 contact1 ! rotatory motion =w>ds has a t5d5cy to make ! /rik]'s ball run onw>ds #bie t[>ds ! top cu%ion & away f ,k1 ! po9t f :i* x />t$2 b ! contact ) ! object ball w\ld--did no rotatory motion exi/--cause x to foll[ ! direction ( ! l9e ,m ,p4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ^! two =ces ! ball takes a m$ium c\rse1 & foll[s ! l9e ,m ,p#b4 ,if ! play] hit ! ball at ,m full1 t is1 play$ at x q /raight & hit ! ball at ,m 9 its ne>e/ po9t1 !n1 if he put on screw1 8 own ball w\ld1 aft] /rik+ ! ball at ,m1 /op & run back t[>ds ,k1 fa/ or n accord+ to ! am\nt ( rotatory motion he succe$$ 9 putt+ on 8 own ball :5 he /ruck x4 ,if ! play] hit ! ball at ,m full1 & hit 8 own ball high up & above ! c5tre--! foll[+ /roke--8 ball1 aft] /rik+ ! ball at ,m1 w\ld foll[ on1 &1 if he hit x exactly1 w\ld g on 9 ! direction ( ! spots1 ,p & ,s4 ,9 putt+ on side1 ! ball is caus$ to rotate on a p]p5dicul> axis4 ,= in/ance 7vide ,fig4 #a71 suppose ! play] places 8 ball on ! c5tre spot 9 baulk1 ,k1 & hits ! cu%ion 9 ! po9t ,t )\t putt+ on any side1 !n ! ball w\ld reb\nd 9 ! direction ( ,t ,r1 j z ! angles ( incid5ce & reflection are equal4 ,suppose1 h[ev]1 ! play] /rikes 8 ball on ! "r-h& side1 caus+ x to rotate on a p]p5dicul> axis4 ,:5 ! ball t\*es ! cu%ion at ,t1 ?is rotation1 ow+ to ! friction betwe5 ! ball & ! cu%ion1 causes ! ball to take ! direction %[n 9 ! diagram by ! l9e ,t ,r#a4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! play] hits 8 ball on ! left-h& side1 ! ball w reb\nd 9 ! contr>y direction %[n by l9e ,t ,r#b4 ,?is latt] /roke is :at e play] #bif has to make :5 he wi%es to give a miss 9 baulk4 ,:5 a great deal ( side is put on a ball1 ?is side has b little effect till ! ball t\*es a cu%ion4 ,,fluke4--,:5 a play] plays = "o ?+1 misses x1 & gets ano!r1 ! /roke is call$ a fluke4 ,?us1 if a man plays = a cannon1 misses ! cannon & 8 ball runs into a pocket (f ! o!r ball in/ead1 x is a fluke4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he plays = ! cannon & makes x1 & !n 8 ball runs into a pocket1 x is n reg>d$ z a fluke1 al?\gh he gets :at he did n play =4 ,a ,,j5ny is a los+ haz>d into "o ( ! middle pockets (f a ball ne> to "o ( ! l[]-side cu%ions4 ,a long j5ny is a los+ haz>d (f a ball simil>ly plac$ into "o ( ! top pockets4 ,,spot ,,/roke4--,a /roke by :i* a play] pockets ! r$ ball f ! billi>d spot1 at ! same "t br++ 8 own ball into position to pocket ! r$ aga91 :5 ! latt] is replac$ on ! billi>d spot4 ,,all-,,9 ,,game4--,a game 9 :i*1 by prior agreem5t1 any numb] ( spot /rokes may be consecutively scor$4 ,,spot-,,b>r$ ,,game4--,by ! ,billi>d ,association ,rules1 if ! r$ ball be pocket$ f ! billi>d spot twice 9 consecutive /rokes by ! same play]1 & n 9 conjunction ) any o!r score1 x %all be plac$ on ! c5tre spot2 if a ball prev5t ?is1 !n on ! pyramid spot1 & if bo? c5tre & pyramid spots be cov]$1 !n on ! billi>d spot4 ,:5 ! r$ ball is aga9 pocket$ x %all be plac$ on ! billi>d spot4 ,fur!rmore1 if :5 ! billi>d spot is #big occupi$1 a play] pocket ! r$ ball f ! pyramid spot twice 9 consecutive /rokes1 & n 9 conjunction ) any o!r score1 x %all be plac$ on ! c5tre spot4 ,%\ld ! play]1 ) 8 next /roke1 pocket x aga91 x %all be plac$ on ! pyramid spot4 ,,to ,,get ,,on ,,! ,,spot4--,:5 a play] gets 8 own ball into an easy position = play+ ! spot /roke1 he is said to get on ! spot4 ,,kiss4--,:5 ! balls come 9 contact a second "t !y are said to kiss4 ,a ,,nurs]y4--,a s]ies ( cannons made :5 all ?ree balls are v close toge!r is call$ a nurs]y ( cannons4 ,,safety4--,:5 any "o plays simply to leave ! balls 9 su* a position t 8 oppon5t _c score by 8 next /roke1 he is said to play = safety4 ,,twi/4--,ano!r "n = screw4 ,,/ab1 ,,or ,,/ick-,,%ot4--,:5 any "o plays to put a ball 9 & leave 8 own ball exactly on ! spot :]e ! object ball 01 or only a v little way beyond x1 ! /roke is call$ a /ab4 ,,l9e ,,ball4--,a ball ^: c5tre is exactly on ! baulk-l9e4 ,,f\l4--,a /roke :i* infr+es any rule ( ! game4 ,,object ,,ball4--,! ball ^u :i* ! /rik]'s own ball imp+es4 ,,jamm$4--,:5 ! two object balls t\* 9 ! jaws ( a pocket1 & ea* t\*es a diff]5t cu%ion at ! same "t4 ,,/eeple*ase ,,/roke4--,:5 ! /rik]'s own ball is =c$ (f ! surface ( ! table on to1 or ov]1 #bih "o or bo? ( ! object balls4 ,by ! ,billi>d ,association ,rules1 ?is /roke1 if prop]ly made1 is fair1 & ! ref]ee is ! prop] p]son to decide ! matt]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important po9ts = ! beg9n]1 z well z = ! m exp]i5c$ play]1 is ! selection ( a ?or\ghly good & reliable cue4 ,/rangely en\gh1 ?is matt] g5]ally receives v little att5tion1 ! neophyte be+ cont5t to take ! fir/ t comes to h&4 ,:at is ev5 worse1 he w *ange ab\t f day to day1--or f h\r to h\r1--us+ cues ( diff]5t %apes1 weight1 & balance2 & is !n surpris$ t he does n make ! progress t he expect$4 ,rev]t+ to ! subject ( ! half-ball /roke1 x is ( ! greate/ importance t all beg9n]s %\ld und]/& h[ mu* dep5ds ^u _! be+ able to hit ! object ball 9 ! way %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,_! :ole future success z billi>d-play]s w dep5d ^u ! accuracy ) :i* !y le>n to hit ! object ball 9 ?is p>ticul> mann]4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! beg9n] mu/ le>n to hit 8 own ball freely4 ,we w\ld recomm5d him to take 8 fir/ practice-lesson by le>n+ simply h[ to hit a ball h>d--i4e41 h only "o ball to play )4 ,aft] he has ga9$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( :at is call$ fre$om ( cue1 he mu/ next le>n to aim at ! object ball1 s t he always hits x 9 :at we h describ$ z ! half-/roke4 ,to asc]ta9 :e!r he has acquir$ suffici5t fre$om ( cue1 let him see h[ _m times he c s5d 8 own ball up & d[n ! table4 #bii ,9 le>n+ to simply /rike y\r own ball1 x is important to le>n to /rike x h>d )\t putt+ on side4 ,place y\r ball 9 baulk1 say ne>ly 9 ! c5tre ( ! half-circle2 n[ play /raight up at ! top cu%ion h>d4 ,if y hit y\r ball fairly 9 ! c5tre1 ! ball w come back /raight2 if y don't y w put on side1 & y c tell h[ mu* by ! angle at :i* ! ball w reb\nd f ! top cu%ion4 ,comm5ce le>n+1 !re=e1 by hitt+ y\r own ball h>d en\gh to s5d x f\r to five times up & d[n ! table )\t side4 ,?is is n s easy z _m p]sons w\ld ?9k4 ,hav+ le>nt to hit 8 own ball fairly 9 ! c5tre1 ! beg9n] mu/ next le>n to hit ! object ball a half-ball /roke2 & = ?is purpose x is a v good ex]cise1 at ! comm5cem5t1 to place ! r$ ball on ! spot1 ,s 7vide ,fig4 #c71 & ! /rik]'s ball 9 position ,a1 t is1 j 9 front ( ! middle pocket1 an in* or two along an imag9>y l9e drawn f ! c5tre ( ! middle pocket to ! edge ( ! object ball plac$ on ! spot4 ,! los+ haz>d (f ! r$ into ! "r-h& top pocket ought n[ to be a c]ta9ty1 x be+ a simple half-ball /roke4 ,aft] mak+ ! haz>d1 ! r$ ball %\ld1 aft] /rik+ ! top cu%ion1 reb\nd 9 a l9e "r d[n ! c5tre ( ! table 7z %[n by ! dott$ l9e ,w ,w74 ,by wat*+ ! direction ( ! r$ ball aft] /rik+1 ! beg9n] w be able to see if he has /ruck ! ball correctly4 ,if he hits x too f9e1 ! r$ ball w come d[n ! table on ! left ( ! c5tre l9e1 ,w ,w4 ,%\ld he /rike ! r$ ball too full1 ! r$ w come d[n ! table on ! "r-h& side ( ! l9e ,w ,w4 #cjj ,:5 ! beg9n] has practis$ ?is /roke till he c make a c]ta9ty ( x1 he may !n beg9 to le>n h[ to play :at may be call$ =c+ haz>ds4 ,= ?is purpose he c gradually place 8 own ball l[] & l[] d[n ! table1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 he places 8 own ball at ,b4 ,!re is /ill an easy los+ haz>d (f ! r$ into ! top corn] pocket1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! /roke mu/ be play$ h>d]4 ,:5 ! ball 0 plac$ at ,a1 ! los+ haz>d c\ld be made by simply :at is call$ dropp+ on to ! ball4 ,9 fact1 ! /roke c\ld be play$ s sl[ly1 t ! r$ ball1 aft] /rik+ ! top cu%ion1 w\ld n reb\nd m ?an a foot d[n ! table4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! /rik]'s ball is plac$ l[] & l[] d[n ! table 9 ! positions %[n by ! lett]s ,b & ,c1 s ! /roke mu/ be play$ h>d] & h>d]4 ,ano!r p]fect half-ball /roke t c be play$ ei!r sl[ly or fa/1 is %[n by ! two l9es1 9 ,fig4 #c1 drawn f ! spot ,s to ! two top pockets4 ,suppose a ball to be plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ei!r top pocket1 or a few in*es along ! l9e drawn f ! pocket to ! spot4 ,!n x is a simple half-ball /roke to g 9 (f ! r$ into ! o!r top pocket4 ,place ! :ite ball an in* or two away f ! top pocket along ! l9e drawn1 & place ! r$ ball on ! spot4 ,!n drop on to ! ball quietly4 ,! haz>d is easy1 &1 suppos+ y play f1 say1 ! left-h& top pocket1 y w n only make ! los+ haz>d1 b y w leave ! r$ ball 9 a position = ano!r easy haz>d into ! middle pocket4 ,y\r own ball1 ! :ite1 = ! next /roke w be 9 baulk2 ! r$ ball w1 if y play ! /roke correctly1 travel along ! dott$ l9e %[n 9 ! diagram1 & /op some:]e ab\t ,r1 ?us leav+ an easy haz>d next "t into ! "r-h& middle pocket4 #cja ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 #cjb ,hav+ ?us practis$ ! half-ball /roke ) sl[ /r5g? & fa/ /r5g?1 ! next po9t to be consid]$ is los+ haz>ds into ! top pockets f baulk4 ,^! los+ haz>ds may be call$ ! v backbone ( ! game4 ,! *ief difficulty exp]i5c$ by a beg9n] w be to "k :]e to spot 8 ball 9 baulk4 ,?is w only come ) practice4 ,! eye w gradually accu/om itself to ! angle4 ,a good play] c tell at a glance :e!r or n a /roke is easy4 ,we w\ld recomm5d any "o le>n+ ! game to make "o or two spots on ! table z foll[s4 ,fir/ place a c>d or ?9 piece ( wood upright aga9/ ! top cu%ion1 & !n measure d[n ! table #c ft4 #i-a_/b 94 ,make a m>k on ! clo? 7a little cross is be/71 & !n place ! r$ ball on ?is spot4 ,next let him place ! :ite ball at ,k 7,fig4 #d71 ! c5tre spot 9 baulk4 ,! r$ ball is plac$ on ! spot ,a1 :i*1 z we h said1 is j #c ft4 #i-a_/b 94 f ! face ( ! top cu%ion4 ,n[ !re is an easy los+ haz>d1 if ! /roke be play$ ) ! ord9>y half-ball /roke1 into ei!r top pocket (f ! r$ ball4 ,?is /roke is capital practice = ! beg9n]1 z x gets 8 eye us$ to ! angle :i* we h call$ ! natural angle4 ,! advantage ( play+ ! natural angle is t1 suppos+ y fail to hit ! ball exactly z y int5d$1 a v slight error 9 aim+ does n alt] mat]ially ! direction ( y\r own ball aft] x has come 9 contact ) ! object ball4 #cjc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 #cjd ,suppose1 n[1 ! beg9n] has succe$$ 9 go+ into fir/ "o top pocket & !n ! o!r sev]al times1 let him take ! r$ ball (f ! spot m>k$ ,a 9 ,fig4 #d1 & place x on ,m1 ! c5tre spot 9 ! table4 ,n[ let him place 8 own ball 9 baulk on ! prop] spot to g into1 say1 ! left-h& top pocket (f ,m4 ,! prop] spot is ,b 9 ! diagram1 b !n1 :]e is ,b8 ,b ought to be sev5 & a half in*es f ,k1 ! c5tre spot 9 baulk4 ,simil>ly1 if ! play] wi%$ to g into ! "r-h& top pocket (f ! r$ ball at ,m1 he w\ld h to spot 8 own ball on a spot sev5-&-a-half in*es to ! "r ( ,k4 ,z a rule1 beg9n]s all make ! same mi/ake4 ,!y w1 z a rule1 spot _! ball too ne> to ,k1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! fur!r !y are out 9 _! reckon+1 ! m !y h to le>n4 ,x w\ld be z well1 h[ev]1 to let a beg9n] play ! /roke4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t in/ead ( spott+ 8 ball at ,b1 sev5 & a half in*es to ! left ( ,k1 he spots 8 ball only five in*es to ! left ( ,k4 ,let him play 8 /roke1 & in/ead ( go+ into ! left-h& top pocket1 8 ball w /rike ! left-h& upp] cu%ion sev]al in*es bel[ ! pocket4 ,n[ let him measure ! correct sev5 & a half in*es1 &1 al?\gh he w ?9k he is go+ to miss ! /roke1 to 8 own surprise he w make x4 ,x is v good practice to g 9 (f a ball plac$ on ! middle spot ,m1 fir/ into "o top pocket1 & !n into ano!r1 be+ c>eful always to wat* ! direction tak5 by ! r$ ball aft] ! /roke1 ) #cje an eye to play+ ! "r /r5g? to leave an easy los+ haz>d next "t4 ,we next come to-- ,,middle-,,pocket ,,haz>ds4 ,we w suppose t ! beg9n] has n[ fairly le>n$ h[ to play los+ haz>ds 9 ! top pockets1 & also h[ to spot 8 ball = ! natural angle4 ,9 play+ los+ haz>ds into ! middle pockets1 x is q z important t ?is angle1 & ?is only1 %\ld be us$4 ,9 ,fig4 #e we give two illu/rations ( simple haz>ds into ! middle pockets4 ,! haz>ds !mselves are1 comp>atively speak+1 easy2 b ! *ief po9t to be borne 9 m9d is position--t is1 hav+ made ! haz>d1 h[ c we leave ! r$ ball s t !re %all be ano!r easy haz>d next "t8 ,! endeav\r %\ld be to keep ! r$ ball 9 ! c5tre ( ! table z mu* z possible4 ,z a rule1 ! game is to play to br+ d[n ! r$ ball ov] ! middle pocket aga94 ,n[1 9 ,fig4 #e1 suppose ! play] at ,h tries to g into ! "r-h& middle pocket (f a ball at ,d1 ! prop] play w\ld be to /rike ! r$ ball s t x goes up ! table1 &1 foll[+ ! dott$ l9es1 returns to ,d#a4 ,if ! play] hits ! r$ a trifle too f9e ! r$ ball w\ld travel to ! left ( ?is dott$ l9e1 & a los+ haz>d w\ld be left (f ! r$ into "o ( ! top pockets4 ,if1 h[ev]1 9 play+ ! /roke1 ! play] hits 8 ball a trifle too full1 ! r$ ball w\ld !n probably travel along ! dott$ l9e t]m9at+ 9 ,d#b1 & !re w\ld be no score left next "t4 #cjf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 #cjg ,a simil> /roke is %[n 9 ! left-h& middle pocket4 ,! /rik] spots 8 ball at ,b1 & goes into ! middle pocket (f a ball at ,a4 ,! endeav\r %\ld be to s5d ! r$ ball up ! table 9 ! direction %[n by ! dott$ l9e ,a ,c4 ,if ! r$ is s5t up ! table to ! left ( ?is l9e1 unless v accurate /r5g? is play$1 !re w be probably no score left next "t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! play] is c>eful n to hit ! ball at ,a too full1 ! ball w travel r to ! "r ( ! l9e ,a ,c1 & !n1 be+ 9 ! middle ( ! table1 if ! /r5g? is insuffici5t to br+ ! ball ov] ! middle pocket1 !re w /ill be a los+ haz>d left into "o ( ! top pockets4 ,?is is ! *ief po9t to be consid]$ 9 mak+ los+ haz>ds 9 ! middle pockets1 & naturally introduces t all-important subject = consid]ation 9 le>n+ to play ,billi>ds1 viz4-- ,,position4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( m5 :o h play$ ,billi>ds all _! lives1 b are /ill v poor play]s1 because 9 le>n+ to play !y nev] /udi$ position4 ,!y play simply = ! /roke1 & nev] give a ?\ght to :at w happ5 9 ! next /roke4 ,if y wat* a fir/-class play] make a break1 y w probably see him make a long s]ies ( v easy /rokes1 any "o ( :i* y y\rself c\ld h made ) ! greate/ ease4 ,! "o diff]5ce1 9 fact1 betwe5 y\r play & 8 w\ld h be5 ?is--t y w\ld make ! easy /roke1 & fail to leave ano!r easy /roke next "t1 :]eas he w\ld n fail2 h5ce 8 break--a s]ies ( easy /rokes2 h5ce y\r break--"o easy /roke1 & a breakd[n4 ,space w n all[ u to give a long s]ies ( #cjh diagrams1 expla9+ ! v>i\s ways ( play+ = position1 b we w indicate a few g5]al pr9ciples4 ,fir/-- ,,los+ ,,haz>ds4 ,9 play+ = any los+ haz>d1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! position ( "o ball aft] ! /roke is fix$3 ! /rik]'s own ball w be 9 h&4 ,h5ce1 he has only to consid] ! position ( ! object ball1 :i* we w suppose to be ! r$4 ,n[1 ! object ( ! play] is to leave an easy /roke next "t4 ,z a rule1 ! r$ ball mu/ be hit 9 a c]ta9 spot to ensure ! haz>d1 ! only exception be+ :5 ! r$ ball is close to ! pocket1 & ! play]'s ball close to ! r$4 ,9 ?is latt] case x is (t5 ! be/ plan to j t\* or graze ! r$ ball s z h>dly to move x1 &--suppos+1 ( c\rse1 x is n "o ( ! bottom pockets--to leave ! r$ ball ov] ! pocket :]e x is4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y are "s way (f ! r$ ball1 y w h to hit x 9 "o place 9 ord] to make c]ta9 ( ! haz>d4 ,consequ5tly1 position w simply dep5d ^u /r5g?4 ,x is z well to rememb] t if a ball is left any:]e ne> ! middle ( ! table1 !re is always an easy haz>d left next "t4 ,no play] c leave a ball on a c]ta9 spot exactly4 ,! greate/ exp]t _c d m ?an leave x !re or !reab\ts4 ,9 fact1 v (t51 9 play+ a los+ haz>d1 all we h to d is n s mu* to play :]e to leave ! r$1 b :]e n to leave ! r$4 ,sometimes x may be ! be/ play to try & leave ! r$ ball close to ! :ite ball1 s t ! #cji next /roke w be an easy cannon4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! be/ play is to leave ! r$ ball ov] a pocket1 s t y c g 9 (f x aga9 next "t4 ,all ! be/ all-r\nd breaks are made by a s]ies ( los+ haz>ds ) occasional cannons4 ,x is 9 play+ cannons t ! *ief difficulty arises 9 gett+ position1 b be=e we discuss cannons1 a few words ab\t-- ,,w9n+ ,,haz>ds4 ,x is evid5t t aft] play+ a w9n+ haz>d ! position ( ! object ball is kn[n--viz41 z a rule1 on ! spot4 ,%\ld ! play] put 9 ! :ite1 8 only excuse mu/ be to make a baulk2 o!rwise x is bad play4 ,8 oppon5t1 next "t he plays1 c spot 8 ball any:]e he likes 9 ! semicircle1 & if ! o!r balls are out ( baulk1 he is almo/ c]ta9 to score4 ,consequ5tly1 ! only w9n+ haz>ds wor? discuss+ are r$ w9n+ haz>ds4 ,9 mak+ a w9n+ haz>d1 ! play]1 z a rule1 %\ld try & get ne> ! spot himself1 s z to play = ! spot1 or else play to leave 8 own ball :]e !re w\ld be an easy los+ haz>d (f ! r$ on ! spot next "t4 ,9 ,fig4 #f we give two illu/rations4 ,suppose1 fir/ ( all1 ! r$ ball is ov] ! "r-h& middle pocket at ,h4 ,! prop] pr(essional play w\ld be to put ! ball 9 ! pocket1 & !n run up ! table t[>ds ,l1 & try & get into position = ! spot1 b ! ord9>y amateur1 :o1 :5 he gets into position = ! spot1 c only make "o haz>d & !n breaks d[n1 _h bett] n play = ! spot at all4 ,9 ! position giv5 9 ! diagram1 x w\ld be bett] play to put ! r$ ball 9 ! pocket1 & try & leave y\r own ball at ,h#a2 !n !re is a c]ta9 los+ haz>d next "t (f ! r$ into ! left-h& top pocket4 #caj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 #caa ,aga91 suppose ! balls are left 9 ! position ,w 7! :ite ball71 & ,x 7! r$ ball71 _m beg9n]s w\ld play = ! six /roke1 b x w\ld be v bad play1 z ! r$ ball w\ld be on ! spot1 & ! /rik] 9 h&4 ,! prop] play is to put ! r$ ball 9 ! pocket & leave y\r own ball 9 ! jaws ( ! pocket1 ?us leav+ a c]ta9 los+ haz>d--9 (f ! r$ into ! opposite top pocket--next "t2 a /roke1 too1 9 :i* x is always easy to leave ! r$ ball ov] ! middle pocket 9 ! /roke foll[+4 ,h[ev]1 z we h said1 ! *ief difficulty 9 gett+ good position is :5 play+-- ,,cannons4 ,"h ! play] has to consid] ! position ( all ?ree balls at ! end ( ! /roke4 ,!re are two ways ( gett+ position 9 play+ a cannon4 ,we c leave ! r$ ov] a pocket1 or play to br+ ! balls toge!r4 ,x is obvi\s t :5 all ! balls are close toge!r1 x is almo/ a c]ta9ty t !re is an easy score left4 ,suppose1 9 ,fig4 #f1 ! r$ ball is on ! spot ,s1 ! :ite ball at ,b1 & ! play] 9 h&4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 an easy cannon left1 b h[ ought he to play x s z to leave an easy score next "t8 ,! game "h is to leave ! balls toge!r at ! end ( ! /roke4 ,! /rik] spots 8 ball at ,a 9 baulk1 s z to /rike ,b ! ord9>y half-ball /roke4 ,! /roke %\ld be play$ sl[ly1 s t ! :ite ball reb\nds (f ! left-h& upp] side cu%ion at ,c1 & travels t[>ds ,d4 ,! play]'s own ball hits ! r$ g5tly1 & all ?ree balls are left close toge!r1 ne> ! top ( ! table1 "o ( ! be/ positions possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 #cad ,9 play+ to leave ! r$ ball ov] a pocket1 a good deal dep5ds ^u :e!r y play a cannon (f ! r$ on to ! :ite1 or (f ! :ite on to ! r$4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,fig4 #g1 suppose ! /rik] 9 h&1 & ! two o!r balls /ation$ at ,a & ,r4 ,if ,a is ! r$ ball1 ! /roke is play$ "o way1 & if ,a is ! :ite ball x is play$ ano!r way4 ,if ,a is ! r$ y %\ld play to make ! cannon ) j suffici5t /r5g? to d\ble ! r$ across ! table1 & leave x 9 position ,a#a1 ov] ! middle pocket4 ,if ,r 0 ! r$ ball1 y ought to play ) j suffici5t /r5g?1 & also suffici5tly accurately1 to hit ! r$ ball full & leave x 9 position ,r#a1 ov] ! left-h& top pocket4 ,ano!r important po9t 9 play+ cannons is to play :at is call$ outside ! balls :5 !y are close toge!r4 ,suppose1 9 ,fig4 #g1 ! balls are 9 ! position %[n 9 ,c1 ,d1 & ,e4 ,c is ! play]'s ball4 ,if he hits ,d & makes ! cannon hitt+ ,e full1 he sep>ates ! balls1 b if he plays s z to j t\* ,d & ,e1 hitt+ !m on ! extreme edge1 he keeps !m toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 #cag ,we w1 9 conclusion1 give a brief explanation ( ! spot /roke 9 ! all-9 game4 ,?is is 9 fact1 z we h already se51 a s]ies ( spot haz>ds4#gj ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 w>n ! beg9n] t ?\gh no?+ looks m simple1 no?+ really is m difficult4 ,! simple/ position = ! spot /roke is :5 ! /rik]'s ball is 9 a direct l9e ) ! r$ ball & ! pocket 7,fig4 #h74 ,( c\rse1 ! prop] play is to screw back & br+ y\r own ball into ! same place4 ,7 ?is a c]ta9ty1 ! /rik] w\ld g on scor+ = ev]4 ,soon] or lat]1 h[ev]1 he w f9d 8 ball w n come back q /raight4 ,x w come back slightly ne>] ! top cu%ion1 or r m away f x4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! cases 7position #b1 ,fig4 #i71 ! be/ plan is to foll[ ?r\gh ! r$ ball4 ,?is c be done simply by a foll[+ /roke4 ,a is ! /rik]'s ball2 ,b ! position ( ! /rik]'s ball aft] ! /roke4 ,:5 ! balls are ne>ly1 b n q /raight1 ?is is done by means ( a /ab %ot4 ,9 position #c 7,fig4 #aj7 ! /rik]'s ball is at ,a4 ,! play n[ is to drop on to ! r$ ball ) suffici5t /r5g? to put x 91 & get position at ,b (f ! top cu%ion4 ,sometimes a little side is necess>y4 ,9 position #d 7,fig4 #aa7 ! /rik]'s ball ,a is ne>ly1 b n q1 9 a l9e ) ! r$ ball & ! opposite pocket4 ,:5 ?is is ! case1 ! only way to get position is to run ?r\gh ! r$ & get position (f ! two cu%ions4 ,y mu/ play to hit y\r ball v high & ) a great deal ( fre$om ( cue4 ,x is a /roke 9 :i* a beg9n] w\ld probably fail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 #cbj ,x is z well to "k )9 :at limits ! spot /roke c be play$4 ,suppose we draw a l9e1 ,x ,y 7,fig4 #ab71 ?r\gh ! spot ,s1 p>allel ) ! top cu%ion4 ,if ! /rik]'s ball is )9 ?is l9e or ne>] to ! top cu%ion1 x is no use putt+ 9 ! r$ g5tly1 z position w\ld be lo/4 ,! only plan to recov] position is to play all r\nd ! table4 ,suppose ! /rik]'s ball is )9 ! l9e at ,a1 he n[ plays to put ! r$ ball 9 ! "r-h& top pocket & recov] position by go+ "r r\nd ! table till 8 ball /ops at ,b4 ,?is is a v difficult /roke1 b is (t5 play$ = & obta9$ by a fir/-class play]4 ,,! ,,billi>ds ,,control ,,club ,,rules4 ,^! ,rules 7issu$ 9 ,febru>y1 #aiji7 are specially applicable to pr(essional mat*es1 &1--l ! ,rim+ton-,wilson ,code1 on :i* !y are bas$1--h p>ticul>ly 9 view ! r$uction ( safety misses to a m9imum & ! imposition ( "o def9ite p5alty = ea* & e k9d ( f\l /roke or illegitimate miss4 ,9 issu+ ! ,code1 ! ,secret>y lays /ress on ! foll[+ provisions3-- ,a play] may n make two misses 9 successive inn+s1 unless he or ! oppon5t scores aft] ! fir/ miss1 or a d\ble baulk int]v5es4 7,rule #i47 ,:5 /rik]'s ball rema9s t\*+ ano!r ball1 r$ ball %all be spott$1 & non-/rik]'s ball1 if on ! table1 %all be plac$ on ! c5tre spot2 /rik] %all play f ! ,d2 if non-/rik]'s ball is 9 h&1 r$ %all be spott$1 & /rik] %all break ! balls4 7,rule #aj47 ,consecutive ball-to-ball cannons are limit$ to #be2 on ! completion ( ?is numb] ! break %all only be cont9u$ by ! int]v5tion ( a haz>d or indirect cannon4 7,rule #ac47 ,,p5alties4 ,if1 aft] contact ) ano!r ball1 /rik]'s or any o!r ball is =c$ (f ! table1 ! non-/rik] %all add two po9ts to 8 score4 7,rule #ah47 #cba ,= a f\l /roke ! /rik] _c score1 & 8 oppon5t plays f h&4 ,8 ball %all be plac$ on ! c5tre spot1 ! r$ ball %all be spott$1 & 8 oppon5t %all play f ! ,d4 ,= refus+ to cont9ue ! game :5 call$ ^u by ! ref]ee or m>k] to d s1 or = conduct :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ref]ee or m>k]1 is wilfully or p]si/5tly unfair1 a play] %all lose ! game4 7,rule #ah47 ,,pyramids4 ,?is game is play$ by two p]sons ) sixte5 balls1--"o :ite1 & fifte5 r$4 ,! latt] are arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a solid triangle1 ) its apex on ! ,pyramid spot 7,p 9 ,fig4 #a71 & its base t[>ds ! top cu%ion & ly+ p>allel !reto4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! game1 "o play] leads (f f ! half-circle1 & plays at any "o ( ! r$ balls4 ,%\ld he pocket "o or m balls1 he scores "o = ea* r$ ball pocket$4 ,he cont9ues play+ till he fails to score4 ,if a play] gives a miss1 or pockets ! :ite ball1 a po9t is tak5 (f 8 score & he mu/ replace "o ( ! r$ balls he has previ\sly pocket$2 on ! ,pyramid spot1 if unoccupi$1 or1 if t be occupi$1 z ne> to x z possible 9 a l9e directly beh9d x4 ,if he has n previ\sly pocket$ a ball1 he owes "o1 & mu/ pay x by replac+ ! fir/ ball t he pockets lat] on4 ,aft] a miss1 ! oppon5t foll[s on f :]e ! :ite ball /opp$2 b aft] a pocket+ ( ! :ite ball1 ! oppon5t foll[s on f ! #cbb half-circle4 ,9 play+ at a r$ ball1 baulk is no ob/acle4 ,if a /rik] pockets ! :ite ball1 & at ! same "t pockets "o or m ( ! r$ balls1 he ga9s no?+ by ! /roke1 b "o is d$uct$ f 8 score2 ! r$ balls pocket$ mu/ be spott$ on ! table1 z well z "o ( ! /rik]'s r$ balls previ\sly pocket$4 ,! oppon5t foll[s on f ! half-circle4 ,:5 ! r$ balls h all be5 pocket$ b "o1 ! play] mak+ ! la/ score cont9ues play+ ) ! :ite ball1 & 8 oppon5t uses ! o!r4 ,if a /rik] n[ make a miss1 or pocket ! ball he is play+ )1 ! oppon5t adds "o to 8 score1 & ! game is ov]4 ,,%ell ,,out4 ,?is is a "n giv5 to ,pyramids :5 play$ by m ?an two p]sons4 ,:5 a /rik] pockets a r$ ball he receives f ea* ( ! o!r play]s a /ake previ\sly agre$ on4 ,no ball is ev] replac$ on ! table aft] a miss1 or aft] pocket+ ! :ite4 ,%\ld any play] miss or pocket ! :ite1 he pays = ea* ( ! o!r play]s z well z = himself :5ev] ! next r$ ball is pocket$4 ,:5 only "o r$ ball is left 9 play1 ea* play] cont9ues play+ ) ! :ite4 ,pocket+ ! r$ is n[ paid d\ble all r\nd2 & if a /rik] miss1 or pocket ! :ite1 he pays d\ble all r\nd4 ,! ord] ( play is drawn = at ! beg9n+ ( ea* game4 #cbc ,,works ,,( ,,ref]5ce4 ,,billi>ds ,,exp\nd$4 ,by ,j4 ,p4 ,mannock1 assi/$ by ,s4 ,a4 ,mussab9i4 ,grant ,ri*>ds1 #b vols41 #aes4 ,,practical ,,billi>ds4 ,by ,c4 ,dawson4 ,to be _h f ! au?or1 ,?orns1 ,hook ,road1 ,surbiton1 ,surrey4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,billi>ds4 ,by ,j4 ,bu*anan4 ,geo4 ,bell & ,sons4 ,,mod]n ,,billi>ds4 ,by ,j4 ,rob]ts4 ,c4 ,ar?ur ,pe>son1 ,limit$4 ,,billi>ds ,,= ,,ev]ybody 7,oval ,s]ies74 ,by ,*>les ,rob]ts4 ,r\tl$ge4 #as4 ,,billi>ds4 ,by ,joseph ,b5nett4 ,edit$ by ,cav5di%4 ,de la ,rue & ,co4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,billi>ds 7,badm9ton ,libr>y74 ,by ,major ,w4 ,broadfoot1 ,r4,e41 & o!rs4 ,longmans4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,pyramids ,,& ,,pool 7,oval ,s]ies74 ,by ,j4 ,bu*anan4 ,r\tl$ge4 #as4 99 99 99 99 99 #cbd ,,pool4 ,! game ( ,pool is ! mo/ sociable =m ( ,billi>ds1 z any numb] ( p]sons c take "p 9 x4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( ! game4 ,! rules :i* we app5d 7by k9d p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,burr\ghes ,watts7 are ^? ( ord9>y ,pool4 ,^! rules suffici5tly describe ! game1 b a few words ( w>n+ may be necess>y to beg9n]s4 ,x is obvi\s t1 z only ! two play]s left 9 at ! f9i% w9 ! pool1 x is ( f> great] consequ5ce to save y\r own life ?an take ano!r's4 ,consequ5tly1 ! *ief po9t = consid]ation is h[ to play = safety--t is1 h[ to play to leave y\r own ball s t ! play] :o foll[s on _c put y 94 ,at />t+1 = in/ance1 ! :ite ball is plac$ on ! spot4 ,! r$ plays f baulk4 ,n[ r$ has no *ance ( putt+ :ite 91 consequ5tly he plays g5tly to drop on to ! :ite ball1 & leave 8 own ball1 ! r$1 "u ! top cu%ion4 ,if1 h[ev]1 :ite 7 close ov] ! pocket1 !n ! prop] play1 suppos+ ! w9n+ haz>d 0 a c]ta9ty1 w\ld be to put :ite 9 & play = a position1 s t y c\ld take ano!r life4 ,9 o!r words1 y play to put :ite 91 & get into "s position :]e !re is ano!r easy #cbe haz>d on ano!r ball4 ,aft] putt+ t 91 ano!r1 & s on4 ,a good pool-play]1 if he has a c]ta9 haz>d1 w sometimes :at is call$ cle> ! table2 t is1 put 9 e ball4 ,! mo/ common /roke 9 ,pool is a *ance ( tak+ a life--i4e41 :]e !re is a difficult w9n+ haz>d left (f ! ball y play on4 ,9 ?is case nev] hesitate4 ,play1 if y c1 = ! *ance ( ! haz>d & to get safe4 ,if y _c d bo?1 simply play = safety1 & = no?+ else4 ,,! ,,national ,,rules ,,( ,,pool4 #a4 ,?is game is play$ ) col\r$ balls1 :i* 7or small duplicate ones7 are dealt out f a pool basket or bag indiscrim9ately to ! play]s at ! beg9n+ ( ea* game4 ,cues & re/s ( any description may be us$4 #b4 ,! play]s mu/ play progressively1 z ! col\rs are plac$ on ! pool m>k+-bo>d1 & ! fir/ /roke ( ea* play]--except+ ,:ite--is made f ! half-circle1 z also ! succe$+ /rokes ( e play] :5 9 h&4 #c4 ,ea* play] has ?ree lives at />t+1 ! object be+ ?r\gh\t ! game to pocket ! ball play$ on4 ,:ite places 8 ball on ! upp] spot2 ,r$ plays at ,:ite1 ,yell[ at ,r$1 & s on1 ea* play] play+ at ! la/ ball1 unless x be 9 h&2 9 t case ! play] plays at ! ne>e/ ball4 #d4 ,ea* play] pays into ! pool ! am\nt decid$ on & />ts ) ?ree lives 7except+ a less numb] is agre$ on = any p>ticul> play]74 ,ea* pays =feit = ea* life lo/4 #cbf #e4 ,:5 ! /rik] takes a life1 he mu/ cont9ue to play on ! ne>e/ ball z long z he c take a life1 till all ! o!r balls are (f ! table2 8 own mu/ !n be plac$ on ! spot1 z at ! comm5cem5t4 #f4 ,! fir/ play] :o loses 8 ?ree lives is entitl$ to pur*ase a /> by pay+ into ! pool ! same sum z at ! comm5cem5t1 = :i* he receives lives equal 9 numb] to ! l[e/ numb] on ! bo>d4 ,! play]1 h[ev]1 mu/ decide :e!r he w /> or n be=e ! next /roke is play$4 #g4 ,if ! fir/ play] out refuse to />1 ! second may d s2 if ! second refuse1 ! ?ird may d s2 & s on1 until only two are left 9 ! pool1 9 :i* case ! privilege ceases4 #h4 ,if be=e a /> two or m balls be pocket$ by ! same /roke1 includ+ ! ball play$ at1 ea* hav+ "o life1 ! own] ( ! ball fir/ /ruck has ! option ( />r+2 b if he refuse1 & m ?an "o rema91 ! p]sons to :om !y belong mu/ draw lots = ! />4 ,if ! balls pocket$ d n include ! ball play$ at1 _! own]s mu/ draw lots = ! />4 #i4 ,only "o /> is all[$ 9 a pool up to six4 #i;a4 ,only two />s are all[$ 9 a pool up to sev5 or m4 #aj4 ,! two la/ play]s _c />4 #aa4 ,if a life is lo/1 ! next play] plays at ! ne>e/ ball to 8 own2 b if ! next play]'s ball be 9 h&1 he plays at ! ne>e/ ball to ! c5tre spot ( ! half-circle4 #ab4 ,if a d\bt arise respect+ ! di/ance ( balls1 ! di/ance mu/1 if ! play]'s ball be 9 #cbg h&1 be measur$ f ! c5tre spot on ! half-circle2 b if ! play]'s ball be n 9 h&1 ! measurem5t mu/ be made f 8 ball to ! o!r2 & 9 bo? cases ! d\bt mu/ be decid$ by ! majority ( ! play]s2 b if ! di/ance be equal1 !n ! own]s ( ! balls at equal di/ances mu/ draw lots4 #ac4 ,! baulk is no protection4 #ad4 ,a life is lo/ by a ball be+ pocket$ by ! play] 9 its prop] turn4 #ae4 ,! play] loses a life by any "o ( ! foll[+ means4--,by pocket+ 8 own ball2 by runn+ a c\p2 by miss+ a ball2 by =c+ 8 own ball (f ! table2 by play+ ) a wrong ball2 by play+ out ( 8 turn2 by /opp+ or t\*+ 8 own ball be=e x has done roll+2 or by 8 ball /rik+ ano!r ball be=e hitt+ ! "o he ought to h play$ at4 #af4 ,if ! /rik] pocket a ball1 & by ! same /roke lose a life 9 any way1 ! play] ^: ball is pocket$ does n lose a life4 #ag4 ,a play] los+ a life 9 any way pays =feit to ! play] ^: ball he plays ^u or %\ld h play$ ^u4 ,if a play] plays out ( turn or ) ! wrong ball1 he loses a life to ! play] :o prec$es him4 #ah4 ,if ! /rik] miss ! ball he ought to play at & /rike ano!r ball & pocket x1 he loses a life1 & 8 ball mu/ be tak5 (f ! table1 & bo? balls mu/ rema9 9 h& until x be _! turn to play4 #ai4 ,f\ls are also made ?us3 /rik+ a ball twice ) ! cue1 lift+ bo? feet f ! floor :5 /rik+2 t\*+ ano!r ball1 ei!r 9 ! #cbh act ( /rik+ or be=e ! balls h become /ation>y1 ! p5alty be+ t ! play] _c take a life4 #bj4 ,if ! play]1 ei!r 9 tak+ aim or 9 any mann] :atev]1 except :5 9 h&1 t\* 8 own ball1 x is a f\l4 ,if ! /rik] pocket a ball by a f\l /roke1 ! own] ( t ball does n lose a life1 b ! ball rema9s 9 h& until x is 8 turn to play4 #ba4 ,if ! /rik]'s ball t\* ! "o he has to play at1 he is at lib]ty ei!r to play at x or at any o!r ball on ! table2 & he may take a life by pocket+ any balls s play$ on4 #bb4 ,if a ball or balls t\* ! /rik]'s ball1 or be 9 l9e betwe5 x & ! ball he has to play at1 s z to prev5t him hitt+ any "p ( ! object ball he wi%es1 x or !y1 :e!r ne>] to ! /rik]'s ball ?an ! object ball or n1 may be tak5 up until ! /roke has be5 play$2 & aft] ! balls h ceas$ runn+ ^? tak5 up mu/ be replac$1 b a ball _c be tak5 up 9 ord] to /rike a ball f (f a cu%ion1 except 9 ! case ( ,rule #bd4 #bc4 ,if ! ball or balls be 9 ! way ( a /rik]1 or ! /rik]'s cue1 s t he _c play at 8 ball )\t a reasonable *ance ( mak+ a f\l1 he c h !m tak5 up4 #bd4 ,if ! corn] ( ! cu%ion prev5t ! /rik] f play+ 9 a direct l9e1 he c h any ball remov$ = ! purpose ( play+ at a cu%ion fir/1 or he may h ! ball mov$ out a few in*es1 b _c !n take a life4 ,if1 h[ev]1 only two play]s be left 91 z 9 ,rule #cb1 ! ball _c be mov$ out4 #cbi #be4 ,if ! /rik] h a ball remov$1 & any o!r ?an ! next play]'s ball /op on ! spot x occupi$1 ! ball remov$ mu/ rema9 9 h& till ! "o on its place be play$1 unless x %\ld happ5 to be ! turn ( ! "o remov$ to play be=e ! "o on its place2 9 :i* case t ball mu/ give place to ! "o orig9ally tak5 up2 aft] :i* x mu/ be replac$4 ,if two balls 7 tak5 up f ! same spot1 ! "o la/ tak5 up has to be replac$ fir/4 #bf4 ,if ! /rik] h ! next play]'s ball remov$1 & 8 ball /op on ! spot ! o!r occupi$1 ! next play] mu/ give a miss f ! baulk to any "p ( ! table he ?9ks prop]1 = :i* miss he does n lose a life4 #bg4 ,if ! /rik]'s ball /op on ! spot ( a ball remov$1 ! ball :i* has be5 remov$ mu/ rema9 9 h& until ! spot is unoccupi$1 & !n be replac$4 #bh4 ,if in=mation be requir$ by ! play] z to :i* is 8 ball1 or :5 x is 8 turn to play1 or :i* ball he ought to play at1 or :i* ball is to foll[ 81 he has a "r to an answ]2 %\ld he be mis9=m$ he does n lose a life2 ! balls mu/ 9 ?is case be replac$1 & ! /roke play$ aga94 #bi4 ,if ! play] be misl$ z to :i* ball is to play on him by a ball :i* is dead be+ wrongly m>k$ on ! bo>d z /ill alive1 he does n lose a life to 8 play]4 #cj4 ,if ! /rik] =ce ano!r ball (f ! table1 nei!r he nor ! own] ( t ball loses a life1 b ! ball rema9s 9 h& until x is ! own]'s turn to play4 #ccj #ca4 ,if ! /rik]'s ball miss ! ball play$ at1 no p]son is all[$ to /op x till x has ceas$ runn+1 :e!r x has /ruck ano!r ball or n4 #cb4 ,%\ld ! play] prec$+ ! two la/ play]s make a miss1 c\p1 or los+ haz>d1 & decl9e to />1 !y divide ! pool if !y h an equal numb] ( lives4 ,! exception to ?is rule is :5 a pool orig9ally consi/$ ( n m ?an ?ree play]s4 #cc4 ,all disputes mu/ be decid$ by ! ref]ee1 ^: decision ^u be+ appeal$ to by ! play]s is f9al4 #cd4 ,! *>ge = ! play is to be tak5 out ( ! pool be=e x is deliv]$ up to ! w9n]s4 99 99 99 99 99 #cca ,,snook] ,,pool4 ,?is increas+ly popul> v]sion ( ! game ( ,pool is 9 fact a comb9ation ( ,pool & ,pyramids4 ,! fifte5 col\r$ ,pyramid balls are plac$ on ! table by means ( ! triangle1 9 ! same way z = ,pyramids1 :il/ ! :ite ball is us$ by ea* play] z ! cue-ball ?r\gh\t ! game4 ,six ,pool balls are us$1 viz41 ! ,black1 ,p9k1 ,blue1 ,br[n1 ,gre5 & ,yell[ balls1 ! positions & values ( :i* are set out 9 ,rule #b 7vide infra74 ,ea* play] is b\nd to play at a ,r$ ball fir/1 &1 hav+ tak5 x 7or ano!r ,r$ ball or balls71 !n at a ,pool ball1 & aga91 if successful1 at a ,r$ ball1 & s on4 ,:il/ any ,r$ balls rema9 on ! table ! ,pool balls1 aft] hav+ be5 pocket$1 are replac$ on _! respective spots2 b aft] all ! ,r$ balls h be5 tak51 ! play]s play at ea* ,pool ball 9 rotation 9 _! ord] z col\r$ on ! m>k+ bo>d1 viz41 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,br[n1 ,blue1 ,p9k1 & ,black1 until e ball has be5 pocket$1 :5 ! game is end$4 ,mu* amusem5t is (t5 caus$ by a play] be+ snook]$--9 o!r words1 by 8 ball be+ s ob/ruct$ by o!r balls t he _c hit a ,pool or ,pyramid ball direct1 b has to play x (f a cu%ion1 :51 9 ! ev5t ( a miss1 ! value ( ! ball play$ at is c\nt$ to ea* ( ! o!r play]s' scores4 7,vide ,rules #g & #aa47 #ccb ,at ,snook] safety-play is ( little or no use4 ,a play] mu/ try to get on ! ,pool balls1 p>ticul>ly on ^? ( highe/ value1 z (t5 z he c4 ,/ill1 safety-play c be indulg$ 9 to "s ext5t at ! end ( ! game1 :5 only ! ,pool balls are left on ! table1 & a play] %\ld rememb] to play = haz>ds ) a fair am\nt ( /r5g?1 & ?us avoid leav+ a ball ov] a pocket = an oppon5t to pr(it by4 ,bad haz>d /rik]s %\ld ?9k twice be=e jo9+ 9 ,snook] ,pool1 ev5 = small /akes1 ) bett] play]s ?an !mselves1 z1 ) ! high values ( ! ,pool balls1 l>ge scores c be run up by an exp]t1 & ^? play]s :o own ! l[e/ scores at ! end ( ! game h to make heavy disbursem5ts1 z !y h to pay e "o ^: score is high] ?an _! own4 ,! scores are be/ kept on a slate4 ,,! ,,national ,,rules ,,( ,,snook] ,,pool4 7,repr9t$ v]batim1 by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,burr\ghes & ,watts1 ,limit$47 #a4 ,?is game is play$ on a ,billi>d ,table1 & may be play$ by any numb] ( play]s4 ,any "o wi%+ to jo9 aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! game may d s at ! end ( a r\nd1 b does n play until la/4 ,any play] wi%+ to leave (f dur+ ! game mu/ decl>e 8 int5tion ( do+ s 9 lieu ( play+1 :5 x %all be 8 turn to play1 b %all be c\nt$ z a play] until ano!r r\nd be play$4 #b4 ,fifte5 r$ balls are plac$ on ! table z 9 #ccc ,pyramids1 & six col\r$#ga balls1 plac$ ?us3 ,yell[ on left-h& spot ( ,d ! half-circle1 ,gre5 on c5tre spot ( ,d1 ,br[n on "r-h& spot ( ,d1 ,blue on middle spot ( table1 ,p9k at apex ( triangle1 ,black on ! billi>d spot4 ,! value ( ! balls %all be3 ,r$ #a1 ,yell[ #b1 ,gre5 #c1 ,br[n #d1 ,blue #e1 ,p9k #f1 ,black #g4 #c4 ,! play] mu/ fir/ play at a ,r$ ball1 & may n play at a col\r$ ball until he %all h fir/ pocket$ a ,r$ ball1 b aft] tak+ a col\r$ ball1 %all aga9 play on & take a ,r$ ball be=e he c aga9 play on any col\r$ ball4 #d4 ,a play] hav+ tak5 a ,r$ ball1 & !n pocket$ a col\r$ ball1 mu/ replace ! latt] on ! orig9al spot be=e play+ ano!r /roke4 ,= e col\r$ ball n replac$ ea* play] %all pay a p5alty ( "o po9t = ea* /roke made by him1 until su* ball be replac$4 #e4 ,a play] is responsible t all ! balls are 9 _! prop] place be=e he plays4 ,he is liable to a p5alty ( "o po9t = e ball n 9 its "r place previ\s to mak+ a /roke4 ,! /rik] may be call$ ^u to replace any ball n 9 its "r place4 #f4 ,:5 all ! ,r$ balls h be5 pocket$1 ! col\r$ balls %all be play$ at accord+ to _! value4 7,vide ,rule #b47 #g4 ,= ea* ball pocket$ by ! /rik] he %all receive its value f ea* play]1 all =feits hav+ be5 fir/ d$uct$2 & if he has incurr$ any p5alties pay _! value to ea* play]4 #h4 ,if ! play] %all /rike "o or m balls1 & #ccd !n pocket 8 own ball1 he %all pay ! value ( ! ball fir/ /ruck1 & %all =feit any po9ts he may h ga9$ dur+ t /roke4 #i4 ,if a /rik] %all pocket a ball1 & !n cannon on to "o or m col\r$ balls & pocket !m1 he %all receive ! value ( ! ball he orig9ally play$ at1 & %all pay ! value ( ! highe/ col\r$ ball he may h pocket$ 9 ! same /roke4 ,?is does n apply 9 ! case ( ,r$ balls1 any numb] ( :i* may be pocket$ 9 ! same /roke4 #aj4 ,if a ,r$ ball is cov]$ by a col\r$ ball1 & su* col\r$ ball be pocket$1 x %all c\nt1 provid$ ! play] 0 entitl$ to play at t col\r$ ball4 ,only ! col\r$ ball aim$ at may be tak54 ,x c\nts ev5 if x goes 9 (f o!r balls4 ,only "o col\r$ ball may be tak5 at ! same /roke4 #aa4 ,= mak+ a miss1 or mak+ a miss & runn+ 91 ! /rik] %all lose "o po9t1 except :5 he mu/ play on a col\r$ ball1 :5 he loses ! value ( t ball4 #ab4 ,:5 play+ on a ,r$ ball1 if ! /rik] misses1 & hits a col\r$ ball1 & at ! same /roke accid5tally pockets "o or m ,r$ balls1 he loses ! value ( ! col\r$ ball fir/ hit1 & _c score4 ,! ,r$ balls s pocket$ %all be replac$ on ! table4 #ac4 ,= /rik+ a wrong ball1 ! /rik] %all pay ! value ( ! ball hit4 #ad4 ,:5 ! ,r$ balls are all pocket$1 if ! play] %all pocket a col\r$ ball1 & !n cannon on to "o or m col\r$ balls & pocket !m1 he %all receive ! value ( ! ball he fir/ play$ at1 & %all pay ! value ( ! highe/ col\r$ ball he may h pocket$ 9 ! same /roke4 #cce #ae4 ,:5 ! ,r$ balls are all pocket$1 if ! play] pocket 8 own ball z well z ! col\r$ ball play$ at1 ! ball :i* is pocket$ %all be plac$ on ! table1 & ! play] %all lose ! value ( ! col\r$ ball4 #af4 ,if ! ,:ite ball be t\*+ a col\r$ ball1 ! /rik] _c score2 he mu/ play 8 /roke & %all be liable to any p5alties incurr$4 #ag4 ,if m ?an "o error be committ$ 9 ! same /roke1 ! highe/ p5alty only %all be exact$4 ,p5alties %all n hold good aft] "o complete r\nd %all h be5 play$4 #ah4 ,if a play] =ce a ball (f ! table1 he %all pay ! value ( t ball1 or1 9 ! case ( ! ,:ite ball1 z if he _h made a c\p4#gb #ai4 ,= mak+ a f\l /roke1 or f\l+ ano!r ball1 a play] _c score4 #bj4 ,= play+ out ( turn1 ! /rik] %all pay "o po9t to ea* play] besides any p5alties incurr$1 b %all n receive any po9ts he may h won4 #ba4 ,no ball may be tempor>ily tak5 up4 ,no ,r$ ball %all be replac$ on ! table except :5 =c$ (f1 or = a f\l /roke1 or "u ,rules #ab & #ae4 #bb4 ,:5 x is requir$ to replace a col\r$ ball & its spot is occupi$1 x is to be plac$ on ! ne>e/ vacant spot4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,br[n1 if ! gre5 & yell[ spots are vacant1 x is to be put on ! gre5 spot2 if all ! spots are occupi$1 !n z ne> z possible to its own spot 9 ! direction ( ! top ( ! table4 #bc4 ,all disputes are to be decid$ by a majority ( ! play]s or by ! ref]ee4 99 99 99 99 99 #ccf ,,*ess4#gc ,! game ( ,*ess is a battle betwe5 two armies1 num]ically equal1 ( :i* ! two play]s are ! g5]als4 ,! battle-field ^u :i* ?is mimic w>f>e takes place is call$ ! *ess-bo>d4 ,?is is a squ>e bo>d divid$ into sixty-f\r equal alt]nate :ite & black squ>es1 & %\ld be s plac$ t ea* play] %all h a :ite squ>e at 8 "r4 ,,! ,,m54 ,! =ces consi/ ( ?irty-two m51 ea* side hav+ eight ,pieces & eight ,pawns1 ( a light & d>k col\r 7kn[n z :ite & black71 to di/+ui% ! oppos+ =ces f ea* o!r4 ,9 pr9t ! pieces & pawns are pictorially repres5t$ z on p4 #ccg4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! game1 ! pieces are plac$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,x is to be notic$ #ccg t ! :ite k+ occupies a black squ>e1 & ! black k+ a :ite squ>e4 ,! horizontal divisions are call$ r[s1 & ! v]tical divisions are call$ files4 ,,:ite',s ,,=ces4 ,,black',s ,,=ces4 ,k ,"o ,k+ ,k4 ,k ,q ,"o ,que5 ,q4 ,q ,r ,r ,two ,ca/les1 or ,rooks ,r4 ,r ,r ,b ,b ,two ,bi%ops ,b4 ,b ,b ,kt ,kt ,two ,knights ,kt4 ,kt ,kt ,eight ,pawns ,p4 ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,,! ,,movem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,m5 ,,& ,,_! ,,p[] ,,to ,,take4 ,a piece or pawn has ! p[] to take any adv]se piece or pawn1 accord+ to ! laws :i* gov]n its movem5ts4 ,! ,k+ alone1 z w pres5tly be se51 is inviolable4 ,if ! ,k+ is attack$1 ! fact mu/ be notifi$ by ! w>n+ #cch ,*eck1 & if ! ,k+ _c by "s means escape f ! attack1 ! game is at an end4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #a4--,! ,m5 9 ,position4 #a4 ,,! ,,k+4 ,! ,k+1 z ! "n d5otes1 is ! mo/ important piece on ! bo>d1 inasmu* z ! object ( ! game is to capture ! ,k+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 nev] actually tak51 ! game end+ :5ev] 7! oppos+ play] hav+ ! move7 ! ,k+ #cci rema9s liable to capture4 ,! ,k+ may move f any squ>e ^u :i* x /&s to any adjo9+ squ>e n occupi$ by any piece or pawn ( its own col\r4 ,if "o ( su* adjo9+ squ>es is occupi$ by an undef5d$ piece or pawn ( ! opposite col\r1 x may take su* piece or pawn4 ,an additional privilege ( ! ,k+ 7ca/l+7 w be expla9$ 9 its prop] place4 #b4 ,,! ,,rook4 ,! ,rook 7or ,ca/le7 moves ^u /raight l9es only1 9 a horizontal or v]tical direction1 to any squ>e n occupi$ by any piece or pawn ( its own col\r4 ,if ! l9e on :i* x op]ates t]m9ates 9 a piece or pawn ( ! opposite col\r1 x c take su* piece or pawn4 #c4 ,,! ,,bi%op4 ,! ,bi%ops move & take ^u diagonals only3 ! ,k+'s ,bi%op ^u ! diagonals ( its own col\r1 ! ,que5's ,bi%op on ^? ( ! opposite col\r2 /opp+ %ort1 h[ev]1 :5 x rea*es a squ>e occupi$ by any piece or pawn ( its own col\r4 #d4 ,,! ,,que54 ,! ,que5 comb9es ! p[] ( ,rook & ,bi%op--i4e41 ! ,que5 may move & take horizontally or v]tically l a ,rook1 or ^u diagonals l a ,bi%op4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! mo/ p[]ful piece on ! bo>d1 because n only has x ! p[] ( ,rook & ,bi%op1 b x has also ! privilege to move l ei!r ( ! two ,bi%ops1 accord+ to ! col\r ( ! diagonal x may = ! "t be+ /& ^u4 #cdj #e4 ,,! ,,knight4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,q#f ,kt --------------------------------------- ,,qb#e ,r ,q ,p ,k,kt#e --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- ,,qb#c ,b ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- ,q ,,kb#b --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #b4--,! ,knight's ,move4 ,! movem5t ( ! ,knight is m complicat$ ?an t ( any o!r piece4 ,"o move ( ! ,knight comb9es two ,k+'s moves3 "o squ>e /raight1 & "o squ>e diagonally to any b ! adjo9+ squ>es to its />t+-po9t4 ,unlike any o!r piece1 x may leap ov] any piece or pawn ( its own or ! opposite col\r int]v5+ betwe5 #cda its />t+-po9t & ! squ>e to :i* x moves4 ,?us1 9 ,fig4 #b1 ! :ite ,knight may move to ,k ,b #b1 ,k ,kt #e1 ,q #f1 ,q ,b #e1 or ,q ,b #c1 b n to ,q #b1 t squ>e be+ occupi$ by a piece ( its own col\r4#gd ,x may take ! black pawn at ,k ,kt #c1 or ! black ,knight at ,k ,b #f4 ,x w be notic$ t ) e move ! ,knight *anges col\r--viz41 f a :ite to a black squ>e1 & vice v]sa4 #f4 ,,! ,,pawn4 ,! pawn1 9 spite ( its limit$ p[] ( movem5t1 plays a mo/ important role among/ ! =ces4 ,! pawns are ! rank & file ( ! array4 ,! pawn1 is1 s to speak1 ! tirailleur2 x engages ! enemy1 advances into ! oppon5t's camp1 & cle>s ! road = ! (fic]s :o foll[ 9 its wake to ! attack2 ! pawn is mo/ly ! fir/ victim1 & 9 ! l>ge majority ( cases ! pawn decides ! game4 ,l ! private soldi]1 :o is suppos$ to c>ry ! m>%al's baton 9 8 knapsack1 ! pawn may be promot$ to ! highe/ rank4 ,if x rea*es ! eight squ>e1 x may be conv]t$1 accord+ to ! *oice ( ! play]1 into a ,bi%op1 ,knight1 ,rook1 or ,que54 ,ev5 ?\gh ! play] has /ill 8 full complem5t ( pieces1 any pawn may be s conv]t$4 ,?us a play] may h at ! end ( a game z _m new pieces z pawns rea* ! eight squ>es4 ,! pawn may only move "o squ>e at a "t1 /raight =w>d on ! file on :i* x is plac$1 ) ! option ( mov+ two squ>es at fir/ />t+4 ,?us 9 ,fig4 #c1 section a1 ! pawn at ,k #b has ! #cdb *oice ( mov+ ei!r to ,k #c or at once to ,k #d4 ,b ! pawn takes on diagonals only2 ?us1 9 section b ( ! same figure1 ! pawn at ,k #g1 hav+ ! move1 c take ei!r ! black ,bi%op at ,k ,b #h or ! black ,que5 at ,q #h1 & 9 ei!r case x mu/ be conv]t$ into "s piece ( its own col\r 7o!r ?an a ,k+71 accord+ to ! *oice ( ! play]1 :5 ! conv]t$ piece w act imm$iately 9 its new capacity4 ,x is aga9/ ! laws ( ! game to leave x /ill a pawn4 ,black4 ---------------------------------------- ------- 99 99 ,q ,k#h ,b -----------99-----99-------------------- --------- 7c7 99 99 ,p 7b7 -----------99-----9999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999 ,,qr#f 99 -----------99--------------------------- -------- ,p ,p 99 999999999999999999999999-----------99999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999 99 ,k#d 999999999999999999999999999999999999---- -99----------------------- ,p 99 99 ,k#c 7a7 -----------------99-----99-------------- --------- ,p ,p 7d7 99 99 ,p -----------------99-----99-------------- --------- 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #c4--,! ,pawn's ,moves4 #cdc ,! pawn _c move backw>ds nor sideways1 b only =w>d along ! file on :i* he /&s4 ,! pawn is also re/rict$ 9 8 p[] ( tak+4 ,?us any adv]se piece or pawn /&+ on ! adjac5t squ>es to a pawn 7o!r ?an =w>d diagonals7 _c be tak54 ,pawns plac$ z %[n 9 section c or d ( ,fig4 #c c\ld n take ea* o!r4 ,! pawn may also take en passant1 :i* means t if a pawn moves two squ>es at />t+1 ?us pass+ an adv]se pawn :i* c\ld h tak5 x _h x mov$ only "o squ>e1 su* adv]se pawn has ! option ( tak+ x z if x _h mov$ "o squ>e only2 b ! tak+ en passant mu/ =m ! next move ( ! adv]s>y4 ,?us 9 section c ( ! diagram1 suppos+ ! black pawn to h j mov$ f ,q ,r #b to ,q ,r #d1 x may be tak5 by ! :ite pawn at ,q ,kt #e2 ! :ite pawn /&+1 aft] ! move1 at ,q ,r #f4 ,su* a move w\ld be record$ ?us3 ,p takes ,p e4p4 ,,*ess ,,notation4 ,x is necess>y t ! novice be ?or\ghly famili> ) ! orig9al position ( ea* piece1 ?is be+ ! f\ndation ( :at is call$ ,*ess ,notation1 or ! sy/em by :i* moves are record$1 & )\t :i* x w\ld be impossible to convey writt5 in/ruction 9 ! game4 ,v>i\s sy/ems are employ$ 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 b :at is call$ ! ,engli% notation is ! only "o ) :i* our read]s ne$ tr\ble !mselves4 #cdd ,ea* squ>e 9 ! two out] r[s is nam$ 7see ,fig4 #d7 aft] ! piece :i* occupies x1 & ! o!r squ>es by ref]5ce to ^!4 ,= in/ance1 ! squ>e ^u :i* ! ,k+ /&s is call$ ! ,black4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#h ,q,kt#h ,,qb#h ,q#h ,k#h ,,kb#h ,k,kt#h ,,kr#h ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#g ,q,kt#g ,,qb#g ,q#g ,k#g ,,kb#g ,k,kt#g ,,kr#g ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#f ,q,kt#f ,,qb#f ,q#f ,k#f ,,kb#f ,k,kt#f ,,kr#f ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#e ,q,kt#e ,,qb#e ,q#e ,k#e ,,kb#e ,k,kt#e ,,kr#e ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#d ,q,kt#d ,,qb#d ,q#d ,k#d ,,kb#d ,k,kt#d ,,kr#d ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#c ,q,kt#c ,,qb#c ,q#c ,k#c ,,kb#c ,k,kt#c ,,kr#c ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,qr#b ,q,kt#b ,,qb#b ,q#b ,k#b ,,kb#b ,k,kt#b ,,kr#b ---------------------------------------- ------- ,q,rsq,q,ktsq,q,bsq ,qsq ,ksq ,k,bsq,k,ktsq,k,rsq ---------------------------------------- ------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #d4--;,engli% ,notation 7%[n = :ite - = black inv]t ea* file74 ,k+'s ,squ>e1 or m %ortly ,k sq41 or ,k #a4 ,! squ>e 9 front ( x is ,k #b2 ! next ,k #c1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! file4 ,9 l mann] ) ! o!r files4 ,! pieces on ! "r side ( ! ,k+ are call$ ! ,k+'s pieces--i4e41 ,k+'s ,bi%op1 #cde ,k ,b2 ,k+'s ,knight1 ,k ,kt2 ,k+'s ,rook1 ,k ,r2 & ! pieces on ! left ( ! ,que5 are call$ ,que5's pieces--i4e41 ,que5's ,bi%op1 ,q ,b2 ,que5's ,knight1 ,q ,kt2 ,que5's ,rook1 ,q ,r4 ,! same rule applies to ! black pieces2 s t ea* squ>e has two names1 z x may be necess>y to describe x ) ref]5ce to ! "o or ! o!r play]4 ,?us ,:ite's ,k+'s squ>e w\ld be ,black's ,k+'s eight 7,k #h71 :il/ ,black's ,k+'s squ>e w\ld be ,:ite's ,k+'s eight 7,k #h71 & s on ) all ! o!r squ>es4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,record+ ,,games4 ,! foll[+ are ! abbreviations 9 use 9 scor+ ) ! aid ( ! ,engli% notation3 ,k ,k+2 ,q ,q2 ,r ,rook2 ,k ,r ,k+'s ,rook2 ,q ,r ,que5's ,rook2 ,b ,bi%op2 ,k ,b ,k+'s ,bi%op2 ,q ,b ,que5's ,bi%op2 ,kt ,knight2 ,k ,kt ,k+'s ,knight2 ,q ,kt ,que5's ,knight2 ,p ,pawn2 *4 *eck2 dis4 *4 discov]$ *eck2 e4p4 en passant2 ,ca/les1 or o--o ,ca/les on ! ,k+'s side2 & ,ca/les ,q ,r1 or o--o--o ,ca/les on ! ,que5's side4 ,to take may be not$ takes1 or %ort] ?us1 x2 767 indicates a good move2 787 a bad or indiff]5t move2 ! bett] game2 - ! inf]ior game2 an ev5 game4 ,to famili>ise himself ) ! sy/em ! read] is recomm5d$ to /udy1 ) ! aid ( ! bo>d1 ! foll[+ example1 a ,ruy ,lopez game1 record$ accord+ to ! ,engli% notation4 #cdf ,,:ite4 ,,black4 ,x4 ,z4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,kt #e #c4 ,p to ,q ,r #c #d4 ,b to ,r #d #d4 ,kt to ,b #c #e4 ,ca/les #e4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d #f4 ,b to ,kt #c #f4 ,b to ,k #b #g4 ,p to ,q #d #g4 ,p to ,q #c #h4 ,p to ,b #c #h4 ,b to ,kt #e #i4 ,b to ,k #c #i4 ,ca/les #aj4 ,q ,kt to ,q #b #aj4 ,p to ,q #d #aa4 ,k ,p takes ,p #aa4 ,k ,kt takes ,p #ab4 ,q to ,b #b #ab4 ,p takes ,p #ac4 ,b takes ,p #ac4 ,kt takes ,b #ad4 ,kt takes ,kt #ad4 ,q to ,q #b #ae4 ,q ,kt to ,b #c #ae4 ,b to ,b #c #af4 ,q to ,k #d #af4 ,k ,b takes ,kt #ag4 ,b takes ,kt #ag4 ,b takes ,kt #ah4 ,q takes ,q ,b #ah4 ,resigns4 ,a v>iation ( ?is is ! fractional notation1 9 :i* ,:ite's move is record$ above ! l9e1 & ,black's bel[ ! l9e--e4g43 ,p to ,k #d ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,b to ,kt #e #a4 -------- #b4 ----------- #c4 ---------- c4 ,p to ,k #d ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,p to ,q ,r #c ,! moves may be record$ 9 columns or 9 l9es1 accord+ to individual *oice4 ,to is frequ5tly repres5t$ by a da%--e4g41 in/ead ( ,p to ,k #d1 ,p--,k #d4 ,a s+le move ( ,black is record$ ?us3 #a4 444 ,p to ,k #d 7or1 ,p--,k #d72 #af4 444 ,k ,b takes ,kt 7or1 ,k ,b x ,kt72 ! dots /&+ 9 lieu ( ,:ite's prec$+ move4 ,hav+ ma/]$ ! notation1 ! /ud5t %\ld next famili>ise himself )-- #cdg ,,! ,,te*nical ,,t]ms ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,game4 ,! m important ( ^! are z "u3 ,,*eck ,,& ,,*eckmate4--,! :ole object ( ! game is ! capture ( ! oppon5t's ,k+1 ?\gh1 z we h said1 ! ,k+ is nev] actually tak51 ! game com+ to an end :5 ! next move1 if made1 w\ld result 9 8 capture4 ,if ! ,k+ is attack$1 ! attack mu/ be accompani$ ) ! w>n+1 ,*eck4 ,a *eck may be met 9 ?ree diff]5t ways4 ,! play] may ei!r int]pose "o ( 8 own pieces#ge 7or pawns7 betwe5 ! ,k+ & ! attack+ piece2 he may move x out ( ! range ( ! attack+ piece2 or he may take ! attack+ piece ) ! ,k+ or any o!r ( 8 =ces :i* may be available = t purpose4 ,if he _c resort to ei!r ( ^! ?ree def5ces1 he is *eckmat$1 or m %ortly1 mat$1 & ! game is lo/4 ,discov]$ *eck is giv5 :51 by mov+ a piece1 ano!r piece is unmask$ :i* attacks ! adv]s>y's ,k+4 ,,drawn ,,game4--,beside ! m decid$ issue ( *eckmate1 !re is ano!r possible t]m9ation ( a game--viz41 ! drawn game1 or draw4 ,a draw ensues3 #a4 ,if nei!r side c give *eckmate4 #b4 ,if bo? sides rema9 ) ,k+ only1 or ) a s+le ,bi%op1 or s+le ,knight only 9 addition4 #c4 ,if bo? play]s repeat ! same s]ies ( moves ?ree times1 !reby tacitly admitt+ t !y are #cdh n /rong en\gh to give *eckmate1 or t !y d n int5d to v5ture ^u ano!r l9e ( play4 #d4 ,if a play] "u c]ta9 specifi$ conditions is unable to give mate 9 fifty moves4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,q ,p ,b --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,p ,b --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,k ,kt --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #e4 7,draw+ by p]petual *eck47 #e4 ,?r\gh p]petual *eck2 = in/ance1 if a play]1 hav+ o!rwise a lo/ game1 c save x by con/antly =c+ ! oppon5t to move 8 ,k+ by repeat$ *ecks4 ,9 ,fig4 #e ,black is ?reat5$ ) *eckmate by ,q to ,r #h1 or ,q to ,kt #g4 ,b1 #cdi x be+ ,black's move1 he w\ld play ,kt to ,kt #f3 *42 ,:ite mu/ play ,k to ,r #b2 ,black returns to 8 old position aga91 *eck+1 & z !re is no?+ to prev5t 8 repeat+ ^! two moves ad inf9itum1 ! game is drawn4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #f4 7,illu/ration ( /alemate47 #f4 ,9 case ( a /alemate--i4e41 :5 ! play] ^: turn x is to move _c make a move )\t violat+ ! laws ( ! game4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,fig4 #f1 ,black 7hav+ ! move7 w\ld be #cej /alemate1 z 8 ,k+ 78 only piece7 _c move )\t plac+ itself 9 *eck1 ! :ite pawn gu>d+ ! squ>es ,q ,b #h & ,q ,r #h1 & ! ,k+ gu>d+ ! squ>es ,q ,b #g & ,q ,r #g4 ,,ca/l+4--,once 9 ! game ! ,k+ has ! privilege ( mak+ a d\ble move 9 conjunction ) ei!r ,rook4 ,?is move is call$ ,ca/l+4 ,9 ca/l+ on ! ,k+'s side1 ! ,k+ is mov$ to ,k ,kt squ>e1 & ! ,rook is plac$ next to x on ,k ,b squ>e2 9 ca/l+ on ! ,que5's side1 ! ,k+ is mov$ to ,q ,b squ>e1 & ! ,que5's ,rook plac$ next to x ^u ,q squ>e4 ,! "r to ca/le is subject to ! foll[+ conditions3 #a4 ,t no piece ( its own or ! oppon5t's col\r be betwe5 ! ,k+ & ! ,rook ) :i* ! ,k+ is to be ca/l$4 #b4 ,t nei!r ! ,k+ nor ! ,rook ) :i* x is to ca/le has yet mov$4 #c4 ,! ,k+ _c ca/le if 9 *eck1 or into *eck2 nei!r c he cross a squ>e :i* is comm&$ by any ( ! oppon5t's pieces4 ,,comm&4--,a piece is said to comm& a giv5 squ>e if x c take any adv]se piece plac$ on su* squ>e4 ,,develop4--,to move a piece f its orig9al position is to develop x or br+ x into play4 ,! quick] ! developm5t ( ! pieces ! bett]4 ,if a play] c conc5trate ^u a giv5 po9t a great] numb] ( pieces ?an 8 oppon5t is enabl$ to develop = its def5ce1 he mu/ obta9 an advantage4 ,,d\ble ,,pawn4--,two pawns on ! same file4 ,a d\ble pawn is weak] ?an two pawns 9 ! #cea same r[1 because 9 ! =m] case !y mu/ be indep5d5tly def5d$1 :il/ 9 ! latt] case ei!r c be made to def5d ! o!r4 ,,en ,,prise4--,a piece or pawn is en prise if s plac$ z to be liable to be tak5 by any o!r4 ,sometimes ! same phrase is appli$ to a piece or pawn insuffici5tly def5d$4 ,,to ,,ex*ange4--,is to give up a piece or pawn = ano!r ( equal value4 ,,! ,,ex*ange4--,a play] ga9+ a ,rook = a m9or piece 7,bi%op or ,knight7 is said to w9 ! ex*ange4 ,8 oppon5t loses ! ex*ange4 ,,=c$ ,,move4--,is :]e ! play] has only "o move at 8 disposal2 = in/ance1 9 case ( a *eck ) a ,knight1 :]e ! ,knight _c be tak51 & ! ,k+ has only "o squ>e to :i* he c move4 ,,=k4--,?is t]m is *iefly us$ :]e1 by advanc+ a pawn1 two pieces are attack$4 7,9 ,fig4 #c1 b1 ! :ite pawn =ks ,k ,b47 ,b x may also be us$ to express t any "o piece attacks two o!rs simultane\sly4 ,,isolat$ ,,pawn4--,is a s+le pawn1 ! pawns ( same col\r on ! "r & left be+ (f ! bo>d4 ,a pawn is said to be pass$ :5 !re is no pawn ( ! opposite col\r :i* c b> its progress4 ,,gambit4#gf--;,any op5+ 9 :i* a pawn is sacrific$ by ! fir/ play] 9 ord] to obta9 a quick] developm5t ( 8 pieces is call$ a gambit4 ,! pawn s sacrific$ is call$ ! gambit-pawn4 ,a c\nt]-gambit is :]e ! second play] sacrifices a pawn ) a simil> object4 #ceb ,j',,ad\be4--7,i adju/7 is said by a play]1 to in=m 8 oppon5t1 be=e t\*+ a piece or pawn ( 8 own or 8 adv]s>y's1 t su* piece or pawn is only to be adju/$1 b n play$4 ,,p94--,a piece is said to be p9n$ if x is attack$ by an adv]se piece 9 su* mann] t1 by mov+ ! attack$ piece1 a m valuable piece w\ld be unmask$1 & left en prise2 b *iefly if x is unable to move because x gu>ds ! ,k+ f be+ 9 *eck4 ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,pieces4 ,! approximate value ( ! pieces1 z !y /& on _! respective squ>es at ! beg9n+ ( a game1 is e/imat$ to be z foll[s3 ,tak+ ! pawn z unit1 ! value ( ! ,knight is #c4je2 ( ! ,bi%op1 #c4je2 ( ! ,rook1 #e4dh2 & ( ! ,que51 #i4id4 ,g]man au?orities e/imate 7tak+ also ! pawn z unit71 ,bi%op #c2 ,knight #c2 ,rook #d-a_/b2 & ,que5 #i4 ,! ,k+ 9 ! ,end game is wor? #d4 ,obvi\sly ! value ( piece or pawn *anges z ! game advances1 accord+ to ! position x occupies = ! "t be+4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 g5]al pr9ciples :i* hold good 9 a l>ge majority ( cases4 ,= in/ance1 two ,bi%ops are m s]viceable ?an two ,knights 9 ! ,end game4#gg ,bi%op & ,knight are also pref]able to two ,knights1 b a s+le ,knight is m s]viceable1 9 mo/ cases1 9 ! ,end game ?an a s+le ,bi%op4 #cec ,,! ,,op5+s4 ,a game ( ,*ess consi/s ( ?ree phases3 ! ,op5+2 ! ,middle game2 & ! ,end game4 ,x ne$ n1 h[ev]1 pass ?r\gh all ?ree /ages1 b may come to a conclusion at ei!r ( !m4 ,,! ,,op5+ is ! developm5t ( ! pieces4 ,a quick & judici\s developm5t ( ! =ces is half ! battle won4 ,f a mi/ake 9 ! beg9n+ ( a game--assum+ bo? play]s to be ( equal /r5g?--x is difficult to recov]4 ,! ,op5+s1 !re=e1 %\ld be /udi$ c>efully4 ,,! ,,middle ,,game is entirely a matt] ( practice1 & its prop] managem5t c only be acquir$ by exp]i5ce4 ,bo? play]s are "h ?r[n ^u _! own res\rces1 z ! analysis does n rea* beyond ! op5+4 ,,! ,,end ,,game is a /udy 9 itself1 & "o :i* w repay ! mo/ c>eful att5tion4 ,!re are c]ta9 positions :i* occur frequ5tly at ! end ( a game2 ^! h be5 sy/ematically arrang$ by em95t speciali/s1 & may be committ$ to memory2 b ! l>g] numb] 7l ! ,middle game7 dep5d ^u +5uity & individual skill4 ,! ,op5+s are divid$ into ,op5 ,games--i4e41 :]e ,:ite plays #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 & ,black replies #a4 444 ,p to ,k #d2 & ,close ,games--i4e41 :]e ,:ite's fir/ move is any o!r ?an #a4 ,p to ,k #d4 ,! ,op5 ,games w be fir/ dealt )4 ,! fir/ op5+ :i* we %all describe is ! ,giuoco ,piano1 ! sl[1 or /eady1 op5+1 s #ced call$ because x is a quiet /rategical developm5t ( ! =ces4 ,! game is pres5t$ to ! read] j z if x 7 play$ ov]1 & expla9$ by ! pr(essor ov] ! bo>d4 ,! reasons = ea* move are giv5 9 language adapt$ to ! p]ception ( ! /ud5t :o plays a game ( *ess = ! fir/ "t4 ,,! ,,giuoco ,,piano4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d 444 ,?is move all[s mo/ scope = ! developm5t ( two pieces4 ,p to ,q #d also all[s ?is1 b x gives less scope to ! ,que54 444 #a4 ,p to ,k #d ,! same obs]vations apply to ,black's fir/ move4 #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c 444 ,! aim ( ! play] be+ a quick developm5t ( 8 =ces1 x is advisable to br+ ea* piece into play by attack+ an adv]se piece or ,pawn imm$iately1 if possible4 ,! ,kt "h attacks ,black's ,k ,p4 444 #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,?is move n only def5ds ! attack$ ,pawn1 b at ! same "t br+s a piece into play1 & ?us e/abli%es an equilibrium 9 ! developm5t4 #b4 444 ,q or ,k #b1 or #b4 444 ,q to ,b #c1 w\ld be unfav\rable def5ces1 because ! =m] move w\ld prev5t ! developm5t ( ! ,k ,b1 & ! latt] ! sortie ( ! ,knight1 besides expos+ #cee ! ,que5 to attack4 ,x may be tak5 z a g5]al rule t x %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible to def5d pieces ( less value ) pieces ( great] value4 ,black c\ld also play "h #b4 444 ,p to ,q #c1 :i* is call$ ,philidor's ,def5ce1 or reply1 by #b4 444 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ) an attack ^u ,:ite's ,k ,p1 :i* is call$ ,petr(f's ,def5ce4 ,^! w be treat$ lat] on4 #c4 ,b to ,b #d 444 ,cle>+ ! ,k+'s side = ca/l+1 & po/+ ! ,bi%op ready = attack+ ! pres5t weake/ po9t 9 ,black's position--viz41 ! ,k ,b ,p2 weake/ because def5d$ by ! ,k+ only4 444 #c4 ,b to ,b #d ,no imm$iate dang] be+ appreh5d$1 ,black br+s a piece into play4 ,^! ?ree moves on ei!r side con/itute ! op5+ call$ ! ,giuoco ,piano1 :atev] be ! moves t may foll[4 #d4 ,p to ,q #c #d4 ,p to ,q #c #e4 ,b to ,q #c #e4 ,b to ,kt #c ,bett] ?an #e4 444 ,b takes ,b1 because 9 t case ,:ite w\ld obta9 an op5 ,bi%op's file1 & d\ble 8 ,rooks ^u x aft] ca/l+2 & ! d\ble pawn1 :i* is 9 ! majority ( positions a weakness1 is /rong 9 ! c5tre4 #f4 ,q ,kt to ,q #b 444 ,! object be+ to play ?is ,knight to ,k ,b sq41 & !n to ,kt #c4 ,?is c\ld also be done if ,:ite _h play$ #f4 ,kt to ,b #c1 !n ,kt to ,k #b1 & ,kt to ,kt #c4 ,! manoeuvre 9 ! text is g5]ally adopt$1 because if #f4 ,kt to ,b #c1 ,black c\ld p9 x ) #f4 444 ,b to ,r #d4 #cef 444 #f4 ,kt to ,b #c #g4 ,p to ,b #c 444 ,int5d+ to advance ! ,q ,p1 & ?us prep>e ! =mation ( a /rong c5tre4 444 #g4 ,b to ,q #b ,?reat5+ to attack & ex*ange ,:ite's ,bi%op1 by play+ ^u 8 next move1 if feasible1 #h4 444 ,kt to ,q ,r #d4 ,he c\ld n h done s be=e1 because ( ,:ite's reply1 #h4 ,b to ,kt #e3 *41 =c+ ! ,knight back to ,b #c1 or leav+ x at ,r #d out ( play4 #h4 ,b to ,kt #c 444 ,:ite1 :o does n want to ex*ange 8 ,bi%op = ,knight1 retires x1 s t he may play1 %\ld ,black attack x 7) #h4 444 ,kt to ,r #d71 #i4 ,b to ,b #b4 444 #h4 ,q to ,k #b ,9 ! ,giuoco ,piano x is n advisable = ei!r play] to ca/le e>ly1 & ,black wisely makes a wait+ move4 ,he is n[ able to ca/le on ei!r side1 accord+ to circum/ances4 #i4 ,q to ,k #b #i4 ,p to ,k ,r #c ,?is move is /rictly def5sive4 ,black might also h play$ #i4 444 ,q ,kt to ,q sq41 & !n f ,q sq4 to ,k #c1 :i* w\ld h be5 a bett] manoeuvre4 #aj4 ,kt to ,b sq4 #aj4 ,b to ,k #c #aa4 ,b to ,r #d #aa4 ,b to ,q #b #ab4 ,kt to ,kt #c #ab4 ,p to ,kt #c ,black's def5ce is some:at timid4 ,at a previ\s /age he int5d$ to ex*ange 8 ,q ,kt aga9/ ,:ite's ,b1 & n[ :5 ,:ite p9s ! #ceg ,knight ) #aa4 ,b to ,r #d1 he retires ! ,bi%op1 s z to avoid a d\ble pawn4 ,n[ he has to prev5t ,:ite's ,knight f mov+ to ,b #e1 attack+ ! ,que51 b 9 do+ s he weak5s 8 ,k+'s position = ! purpose ( ca/l+ on ! ,k+'s side4 ,! /ud5t %\ld be> 9 m9d t ^! pawns are /ronge/ 9 _! orig9al position4 #ac4 ,b to ,b #b 444 ,! ,bi%op is bett] plac$ n[ at ,b #b4 ,at ,r #d x 01 ow+ to ! *ang$ position1 less useful4 ,at its new po/ x /r5g!ns ! c5tre4 444 #ac4 ,p to ,q #d ,black anticipates ,:ite's possible ,p to ,q #d by himself advanc+4 #ad4 ,ca/les #ad4 ,p takes ,p #ae4 ,p takes ,p #ae4 ,kt to ,q sq4 ,black n[ executes ! manoeuvre :i* 0 sugge/$ at 8 n9? move4 ,b x is n s good at ?is /age4 ,! position is n[ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,b ,q ,p --------------------------------------- ,b ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,b ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,b ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,position ,,aft] ,,black',s #ae,,? ,,move4 #af4 ,q ,r to ,q sq4 444 ,x is always good to occupy an op5 file ) a ,rook4 444 #af4 ,k to ,b sq4 ,black _c play #af4 ,kt to ,k #c1 because he w\ld !reby leave 8 ,k ,p en prise2 he _c ca/le1 because !n 8 ,k ,r ,p w\ld be en prise2 & if he 7 to return ) ! ,kt to ,b #c1 he w\ld h lo/ a move4 ,!re=e he has no?+ bett] ?an to move 8 ,k+ into safety to ,b sq41 & !n to ,kt #b4 #ag4 ,q to ,q #b 787 #ag4 ,k to ,kt #b #ah4 ,p to ,k ,r #c 444 #ceh ,to prev5t ,black f play+ #ah4 444 ,b takes ,b2 ,q takes ,b1 ,kt to ,kt #e1 attack+ ! ,que54 444 #ah4 ,kt to ,b #c #ai4 ,kt to ,r #d #ai4 ,q ,r to ,q sq4 ,occupy+ ! op5 file & def5d+ ! ,bi%op1 s z to free 8 ,k ,kt1 :i* 0 be=e fix$1 z x _h to def5d ! ,bi%op4 #bj4 ,b takes ,b #bj4 ,r ,p takes ,b #cei ,x is1 9 ! majority ( ^! cases1 bett] to take ) ! ,r ,p1 because x gives an additional op5 file = ! entry ( ! ,rook4 #ba4 ,q to ,k #b 444 ,:ite has n[ lo/ ! attack1 & is virtually on ! def5sive4 ,he is oblig$ to move 8 ,que51 because ,black ?reat5s #ba4 444 ,b takes ,p1 discov]+ an attack ^u ! ,que5 ) 8 ,rook4 444 #ba4 ,b to ,k #c #bb4 ,r takes ,r #bb4 ,r takes ,r #bc4 ,b to ,kt #c #bc4 ,k to ,r #b ,a good move1 because ,:ite ?reat5s1 9 case ,black %\ld ex*ange ,bi%ops1 to w9 ! ,que5 ) ei!r ,kt to ,b #e3 *41 ,p takes ,kt2 ,kt takes ,p3 *41 ,k moves2 ,kt takes ,q4 #bd4 ,b takes ,b #bd4 ,q takes ,b ,:ite1 hav+ fail$ 9 8 attack1 ex*anges pieces1 s z to simplify ! position1 hop+ ?us to be able to draw ! game4 #be4 ,p to ,r #c #be4 ,q to ,q #c ,d\bly occupy+ ! op5 file1 & s prev5t+ ,:ite f mov+ #bf4 ,r to ,q sq41 & =c+ 8 ,rook (f ! file1 or an ex*ange ( ,rooks4 ,b he w\ld h done bett] to play #be4 444 ,q to ,q #b1 z ,:ite's next move w %[4 #bf4 ,q to ,b #c #bf4 ,q to ,k #c ,black has lo/ a move by n play+ #be4 444 ,q to ,q #b1 = n[ he _c move 8 ,que5 away f ! protection ( ! ,knight1 & ! ,knight #cfj he _c move1 because 8 ,k ,b ,p w\ld !n rema9 en prise4 ,if he mov$ #bf 444 ,k to ,kt #b1 def5d+ ,kt & ,p1 ,:ite w\ld w9 8 ,que5 by play+ ei!r ,kt to ,b #e3 *41 c41 z po9t$ out aft] ,black's #bcrd move2 he is consequ5tly =c$ to move z 9 ! text4 #cfa #bg4 ,q to ,k #c 444 ,to prev5t ,black f play+ #bg4444 ,r to ,q #g1 :i* w\ld be a p[]ful move1 z x w\ld attack ,:ite's pawns on ! ,que5's side4 444 #bg4 ,q to ,b #e 787 #bh4 ,kt 7,r #d7 to ,b #e 444 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,k --------------------------------------- ,p ,kt ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- ,q ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,q ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,position ,,aft] ,,:ite',s #bh,,? ,,move4 7,! position be+ highly in/ructive1 x is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,:ite sacrifices a piece on ! *ance ( ,black n see+ ! "r def5ce4 ,9 :i* case ! subtle ?reat is z foll[s-- 444 #bh4 ,p takes ,kt #bi4 ,kt takes ,p #bi4 ,kt to ,kt sq4 ,def5d+ ! ?reat5$ ,r ,p4 #cj4 ,q to ,kt #c 444 ,& w9s1 z ! mate ) ,q to ,kt #g _c be prev5t$47 444 #bh4 ,p takes ,kt ,black w\ld h done bett] n to take ! ,knight1 b to play #bh4 444 ,kt to ,kt sq4 #bi4 ,kt takes ,p #bi4 ,kt to ,k sq4 767 7,z po9t$ out above1 if ,black _h made :at seems to be ! obvi\s move1 viz41 to def5d ! ,r ,p ) #bi4444 ,kt to ,kt sq41 ,:ite w\ld w9 ) #cj4 ,q to ,kt #c & mate to foll[ at ,kt #g ) ! ,que547 #cj4 ,q takes ,p3 *4 #cj4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #ca4 ,q to ,kt #e3 *4 #ca4 ,k to ,r #b ,& ! game is drawn by ,:ite giv+ ,p]petual *eck4 ,t is ! utmo/ he c hope1 be+ a piece m9us4 #cfb ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,fir/ ?ree moves z be=e4 ,fir/ ?ree moves z be=e4 ,p to ,b #cgh ,ca/les #d4 ------------- #d4 --------- ,kt to ,b #cgi ,kt to ,b #c ,p to ,q #d ,p to ,q #c #e4 --------- #e4 --------- ,p takes ,p ,p to ,q #c ,p takes ,p ,b to ,k ,kt #e 787 #f4 ------------------ #f4 --------------- ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 767 ,p to ,k ,r #c ,b to ,q #b 767 ,b to ,r #d #g4 -------------- #g4 ---------- ,b takes ,b3 *4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d ,q ,kt takes ,b ,b to ,k ,kt #c #h4 ------------ #h4 ------------ ,p to ,q #dhj ,p to ,k ,r #d ,p takes ,p ,kt takes ,kt ,p #i4 ------------ #i4 ------------- ,k ,kt takes ,p ,p to ,r #e ,q to ,kt #c ,kt takes ,p #aj4 ----------- #aj4 ----------- ,q ,kt to ,k #b ,p takes ,b ,ca/les ,kt takes ,q#ha #aa4 ------- #aa4 -------------- ,ca/les ,b to ,k ,kt #e ,) an ev5 game4 ,kt to ,b #g #ab4 --------- ,r to ,r #d ,q takes ,b #ac4 ---------- ,kt takes ,q ,r ,p takes ,p #ad4 ----------- ,kt to ,q #e ,kt to ,b #c #ae4 --------- ,p to ,b #c #cfc ,& ,black %\ld w91 z he ?reat5s to play #af4 444 ,p to ,q #d1 attack+ ,bi%op ) pawn & ,knight ) ,k+1 c4 ,,f\r? ,,v>iation4 ,fir/ ?ree moves z be=e4 ,p to ,b #c ,p takes ,kt #d4 --------- #i4 ---------- ,kt to ,b #c ,b takes ,p ,p to ,q #d ,q to ,kt #c #e4 --------- #aj4 --------- ,p takes ,p ,b takes ,r ,p takes ,p ,b takes ,p3 *4 #f4 -------------- #aa4 -------------- ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 ,k to ,b sq4 ,kt to ,b #c #ab4 ,b to ,kt #e #g4 ------------ ,kt takes ,k ,p ,ca/les #h4 ----------- ,kt takes ,kt ,& w9s1 = ,black c only play #ab4 444 ,kt to ,k #b1 to :i* ,:ite replies #ac4 ,r takes ,b1 or ,r to ,k sq41 or ,kt to ,k #e1 c4 ,?is v>iation %\ld be c>efully /udi$1 = ,black w frequ5tly fall into ! trap ?us laid = him4 ,f consid]ations ( space1 x is only possible to give two or ?ree v>iations ( ea* op5+1 & ^! 9 a v cond5s$ =m4 ,= fur!r examples ! read] is ref]r$ to ,h(f]'s ,*ess 7see note on fir/ page ( ?is article74 ,,! ,,evans ,,gambit4 ,! ,evans ,gambit is 9 reality only a sub-v>iation ( ! ,giuoco ,piano1 b might aptly be call$1 #cfd 9 contradi/9ction to x1 ,giuoco ,pre/o1 ! =m] be+ sl[1 ! latt] lively4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,b #d #c4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d 444 ,! fir/ ?ree moves are ^? ( ! ,giuoco ,piano4 ,! la/ move con/itutes ! ,evans ,gambit4 ,! object ( sacrific+ ! ,kt ,p is to e/abli% a c5tre ?r\gh ! advance ( ! ,q ,b ,p & ,q ,p2 to op5 an outlet = ! ,q & ,q ,b1 & s obta9 a quick developm5t ( ! pieces1 & consequ5tly a p[]ful attack4 #d4 ,b takes ,p ,if #d4 444 ,kt takes ,p1 ,:ite replies ) #e4 ,p to ,b #c1 & aft] #e4 444 ,kt to ,q ,b #c ! position is ! same4 #e4 ,p to ,b #c #e4 ,b to ,q ,b #d ,! ,bi%op may also retire to ,r #d1 to ,q #c1 or to ,k #b4 ,! two la/ m5tion$ moves _c be recomm5d$1 & may be dismiss$2 b x is desirable to "k ! v>iations aris+ f #e4 444 ,b to ,r #d1 :i* is pref]r$ by _m em95t play]s4 #f4 ,p to ,q #d #f4 ,p takes ,p #g4 ,ca/les 444 ,:ite may also play "h #g4 ,p takes ,p1 to :i* ,black's be/ reply is #g4 444 ,b to ,kt #c1 & n #g4 444 ,b to ,kt #e2 *4 444 #g4 ,p to ,q #c ,?is is ! only safe move 9 ?is v>iation4 #g4 444 ,p takes ,p1 w\ld be bad unless1 on ! fif? move1 ,black _h play$ ,b to ,r #d1 :5 ! s-call$ compromis$ def5ce w\ld h ensu$4 #cfe #g4 444 ,kt to ,b #c1 :i* seems a plausible move "h1 w\ld involve ! probable loss ( ! game--e4g43 #g4 444 #g4 ,kt to ,b #c #h4 ,p takes ,p #h4 ,b to ,kt #c #i4 ,p to ,k #e #i4 ,p to ,q #d #aj4 ,p takes ,kt #aj4 ,p takes ,b #aa4 ,r to ,k sq43 *4 #aa4 ,k to ,b sq4 #ab4 ,b to ,r #c3 *4 #ab4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #ac4 ,p to ,q #e #ac4 ,kt to ,r #d #ad4 ,b to ,k #g #ad4 ,q to ,q #b #ae4 ,p takes ,p #ae4 ,k takes ,p #af4 ,q to ,q #b #af4 ,q to ,kt #e #ag4 ,q to ,b #c3 *4 #ag4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #ah4 ,q takes ,r3 *4 #ah4 ,k takes ,q #ai4 ,b to ,b #f3 *4 #ai4 ,k to ,kt sq4 7or ,q to ,kt #b7 #bj4 ,r to ,k #h3 *eckmate #h4 ,p takes ,p #h4 ,b to ,kt #c #i4 ,p to ,q #e #i4 ,kt to ,r #d ,! be/ move4 ,x is ! ,normal ,def5ce to ! previ\s move1 :i* con/itutes ! ,normal ,attack4 #i4 444 ,kt to ,k #d w\ld be unfav\rable1 because ( #aj4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,p takes ,kt2 #aa4 ,b to ,r #c1 ,b to ,q #e 7872 #ab4 ,kt to ,q #b1 ,b takes ,r2 #ac4 ,q takes ,b1 ,p to ,k ,b #c2 #ad4 ,p to ,b #d1 & %\ld w94 ,! alt]native ,knight's move--viz41 #i4 444 ,q ,kt to ,k #b1 is also inf]ior1 because ( #aj4 ,p to ,k #e1 ,kt to ,r #c 7672 #aa4 ,kt to ,b #c1 ,ca/les2 #ab4 ,kt to ,k #d1 ) a good attack4 #aj4 ,b to ,kt #b #aj4 ,kt to ,k #b 767 ,"o ( ! *ief po9ts ( ! ,evans ,gambit is t ,black's ,q ,kt is driv5 to ,q ,r #d1 & has to rema9 !re = "s "t inactive1 s t ,black is1 = ! "t be+1 practically a piece m9us = ! def5ce4 ,:ite mu/1 !re=e prev5t z long z possible ?is ,knight f com+ into play4 ,x w be se5 t ,black c\ld n h play$ #aj4 444 ,kt takes ,b1 because 9 su* case #aa4 ,b takes ,k ,kt ,p1 w9n+ ! ex*ange4 #aa4 ,b to ,q #c 444 #cff ,if ,:ite _h "h play$ #aa4 ,b takes ,p in/ead ( ! text move1 ! cont9uation might probably h be5-- #aa4 ,b takes ,p #aa4 ,r to ,k ,kt sq4 #ab4 ,b to ,b #f #ab4 ,kt takes ,b #ac4 ,q to ,r #d3 *4 #ac4 ,q to ,q #b #ad4 ,q takes ,kt #ad4 ,r takes ,p3 *4 #ae4 ,k takes ,r #ae4 ,q to ,kt #e3 *4 #af4 ,k to ,r sq4 #af4 ,q takes ,kt3 *4 #ag4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #ag4 ,b to ,r #f1 & w9s4 444 #aa4 ,ca/les #ab4 ,kt to ,b #c #ab4 ,kt to ,kt #c #ac4 ,kt to ,k #b #ac4 ,p to ,q ,b #d ,:ite conc5trates 8 =ces = an attack on ! ,k+'s side1 :il/ ,black1 be+ /rong] on ! ,que5's side1 mu/ try to create a div]sion on t side4 #ad4 ,q to ,q #b #ad4 ,p to ,b #c #ae4 ,k to ,r sq4 444 ,! ,k+'s move is necess>y1 else ,black c\ld play #ae4444 ,kt to ,k #d2 #af4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,b ,p takes ,kt1 & ,:ite c\ld n reply #ag4 ,p to ,b #d 7an ess5tial move = ! attack71 because ,black w\ld !n w9 a piece ) #ag4444 ,p to ,b #e2 discov]+ *eck1 & attack+ ! ,bi%op at ! same "t4 444 #ae4 ,b to ,b #b ,?is ,bi%op be+ n[ comp>atively useless at ,kt #c1 s9ce ! ,:ite ,k+ has quitt$ ! black diagonal1 retires1 9 ord] to make room = ! advance ( ! pawns4 #af4 ,q ,r to ,b sq4 #af4 ,r to ,kt sq4 ,to support ! advance ( ! ,kt ,p4 #ag4 ,kt to ,kt #c #ag4 ,p to ,kt #d #ah4 ,kt to ,b #e #ah4 ,p to ,b #e ,x is an ess5tial po9t 9 ! def5se to prev5t ,:ite's ,knight f be+ po/$ at ,k #f4 ,if ,:ite is able to #cfg accompli% ?is1 8 attack becomes s p[]ful t x _c be )/ood4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 be bad = ,black to play1 in/ead ( ! move giv5 9 ! text1 #ah4444 ,b takes ,kt1 because ( #ai4 ,p takes ,b1 ,kt to ,k #d2 #bj4 ,b takes ,kt1 ,b ,p takes ,b2 #ba4 ,kt to ,kt #e1 foll[$ by #bb4 ,kt to ,k #f 7! dang]\s move j po9t$ out74 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,p ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- ,kt ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,kt --------------------------------------- ,p ,b ,q ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,position ,,aft] ,,:ite',s #ai,,? ,,move4 #ai4 ,b to ,k #b 444 ,n #ai4 ,b to ,kt sq4 ,:ite wants to keep a pressure ^u ,black's pawns4 ,! position is n[ z %[n 9 ,fig #i4 ,nei!r side has z yet ga9$ any m>k$ advantage4 #cfh ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ,op5+ to ,black's eigh? move inclusive4 ,kt to ,b #c #i4 ------------- ,b to ,kt #ehb ,b to ,q ,kt #e #aj4 -------------- ,k to ,b sq4#hc ,b to ,k #c #aa4 -------- ,k ,kt to ,k #b ,p to ,q ,r #dhd #ab4 -------------- ,kt to ,r #dhe ,p to ,q #e #ac4 --------- ,b takes ,b ,p takes ,b #ad4 ---------- ,kt to ,kt #c ,k to ,r sq4#hf #ae4 -------------- ,p to ,k ,r #c ,kt to ,k #b #af4 ---------- ,p to ,q ,b #d ,) ! bett] game4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ,second ,v>iation up to ,:ite's n9? move inclusive4 444 ,b takes ,kt #i4 --------- #af4 ---------- ,kt to ,r #d ,r takes ,kt ,b to ,kt #e ,kt takes ,r #aj4 ---------- #ag4 ---------- ,kt to ,kt #b ,q takes ,b ,kt to ,q #e ,kt to ,kt #e #aa4 ---------- #ah4 ---------- ,p to ,k ,b #c ,k to ,kt #c ,b takes ,p ,kt to ,b #c #ab4 --------- #ai4 --------- ,p takes ,b ,b to ,kt #e ,kt takes ,p3 *4 ,kt to ,k #e3 *4 #ac4 --------------- #bj4 -------------- ,k to ,b sq4 ,k to ,r #d ,kt to ,kt #e ,kt takes ,b #ad4 ------------ #ba4 ---------- ,kt to ,kt sq4 ,q takes ,kt ,kt7,kt#e7 takes ,p3 *4 ,ev5 game4 #ae4 -------------------- ,k to ,kt #b #cfi ,,f\r? ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ,?ird ,v>iation up to ,black's t5? move inclusive4 ,b takes ,p3 *4 ,q to ,r #e #aa4 -------------- #ae4 ---------- ,k takes ,b ,p to ,k ,r #c ,kt to ,q #e ,q to ,kt #f #ab4 ---------- #af4 ---------- ,r to ,k sq4 ,p takes ,kt ,b takes ,kt ,kt to ,b #f3 *4 #ac4 ---------- #ag4 -------------- ,r takes ,b ,k to ,b sq4 ,kt to ,kt #e3 *4 ,kt to ,r #g3 *4 #ad4 --------------- #ah4 -------------- ,k to ,kt sq4 ,k to ,kt sq4 ,& ,:ite draws by p]petual *eck4 ,,! ,,compromis$ ,,def5ce ,,to ,,! ,,evans ,,gambit4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,b #d #c4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d #d4 ,b takes ,p #e4 ,p to ,b #c #e4 ,b to ,r #d ,by retir+ ! ,bi%op to ,r #d1 in/ead ( to ,b #d z 9 ! previ\s v>iations1 ,black res]ves ! option ( adopt+ ei!r ! ,compromis$ or ! ,normal ,def5ce4 #cgj #f4 ,p to ,q #d #f4 ,p takes ,p #g4 ,ca/les #g4 ,p takes ,p ,! capture ( ?is1 ! ?ird ,pawn1 con/itutes ! ,compromis$ ,def5ce1 s call$ because x 0 =m]ly consid]$ t ?is capture compromis$ ,black's game4 #h4 ,q to ,kt #c #h4 ,q to ,b #c #i4 ,p to ,k #e #i4 ,q to ,kt #c ,if #i4 444 ,kt takes ,p1 ,:ite w\ld w9 ) #aj4 ,r to ,k sq41 ,p to ,q #c4 #aa4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,p takes ,kt4 #ab4 ,q to ,r #d1 or ,kt #e3 *41 w9n+ a piece4 #aj4 ,kt takes ,p #aj4 ,k ,kt to ,k #b #aa4 ,b to ,r #c #aa4 ,ca/les #ab4 ,kt to ,q #e #ab4 ,kt takes ,kt #ac4 ,b takes ,kt 444 ,if ,:ite 7 to capture ! ,rook1 ! c\rse ( ! game w\ld probably be z foll[s-- #ac4 ,b takes ,r #ac4 ,kt to ,b #e 767 #ad4 ,kt to ,r #d #ad4 ,q to ,kt #e #ae4 ,q to ,kt #c #ae4 ,p to ,q #d #af4 ,q takes ,q #af4 ,b takes ,q ,& ,:ite mu/ lose "o ( ! two attack$ ,bi%ops4 444 #ac4 ,p to ,q #c #ad4 ,p takes ,p #ad4 ,p takes ,p #ae4 ,q ,r to ,q sq4 #ae4 ,r to ,q sq4 #af4 ,q to ,r #d 444 ,?reat5+ to w9 a piece ) #ag4 ,b takes ,kt4 444 #ag4 ,b to ,kt #c #ah4 ,b takes ,kt #ah4 ,p takes ,b #ai4 ,q takes ,b ,p #ai4 ,r to ,kt sq4 #bj4 ,r takes ,p #bj4 ,b to ,k #c ,! only def5ce1 = ,que5 & ,rook are #cga attack$1 & he _c play #bj4 444 ,r takes ,r1 because ( #ba4 ,q to ,k #h mate4 #ba4 ,k ,r to ,q sq4 ,?reat5+ #bb4 ,r takes ,r3 *41 ,r takes ,r3 #bc4 ,r takes ,r3 *41 ,b takes ,r2 #bd4 ,q to ,k #h3 mate4 444 #ba4 ,p to ,k ,r #c ,! position be+ p]fectly ev51 ! game %\ld result 9 a draw4 ,!re is no dang] n[ = ,black to lose a piece1 because aft] #bb4 ,r takes ,r3 *41 ,r takes ,r3 #bc4 ,r takes ,r3 *41 ,b takes ,r2 #bd4 ,q to ,k #h3 *41 ,k to ,r #b1 ,:ite _c play #be4 ,q takes ,b1 because ( #be4 444 ,q to ,kt #h3 mate4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ! op5+ f prec$+ game up to ,:ite's #i? move4 ,b to ,kt #ehg ,q takes ,b #i4 ------------- #aa4 ------------ ,q to ,kt #c ,p to ,b #chh ,kt takes ,p ,b to ,b #d #aj4 ---------- #ab4 -------- ,b takes ,kt ,p to ,q #c ,) ! bett] game4 ,,! ,,evans ,,gambit ,,decl9$4 ,f ! =ego+ illu/rations ( ! ,evans ,gambit1 x w be se5 t ?is op5+ is exce$+ly complicat$ bo? = ! attack & ! def5ce4 ,x is saf] = ,black to decl9e accept+ ! gambit1 :i* is done by play+ #d4 444 ,b to #cgb ,kt #c4 ,! op5+ is !n r$uc$ to a ,giuoco ,piano1 ,:ite hav+ 7!oretically speak+7 compromis$ 8 pawns on ! ,que5's side by hav+ advanc$ !m prematurely1 :i* advance may prove a weakness 9 ! end+4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,b #d #c4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d #d4 ,b to ,kt #c #e4 ,p to ,q ,r #d ,! be/ move4 #e4 ,p to ,kt #e is inf]ior1 z %[n exhau/ively 9 ! foll[+ v>iations3-- #e4 ,p to ,kt #e #e4 ,kt to ,r #d #f4 ,kt takes ,p #f4 ,kt to ,r #c 767 #g4 ,p to ,q #d #g4 ,p to ,q #c #h4 ,b takes ,kt #h4 ,p takes ,b ,n #h4 444 ,p takes ,kt1 because ( #i4 ,b takes ,p1 ,r to ,k ,kt sq42 #aj4 ,b takes ,p3 *41 ,k takes ,b2 #aa4 ,b takes ,p1 ,q to ,kt #d2 #ab4 ,p to ,kt #c1 ,b to ,kt #e2 #ac4 ,p to ,b #c1 ) f\r pawns = a piece1 :i* is m ?an an equival5t4 #i4 ,kt takes ,p 444 ,n #i4 ,b takes ,p3 *41 because ( #i4 444 ,k to ,k #b2 #aj4 ,q to ,b #c1 ,r to ,b sq4 7672 #aa4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c1 ,b to ,k #c2 #ab4 ,q to ,b #e1 ,b takes ,b 7if #ab4 444 ,b takes ,q2 #ac4 ,kt to ,q #e1 mate71 & w9s2 or #ab4 ,q to ,r #e1 !n ,p takes ,kt1 & w9s4 444 #i4 ,q to ,b #c #aj4 ,q to ,r #e 444 ,n #aj4 ,kt takes ,r1 became ( #aj4 444 ,b takes ,p2 #aa4 ,q to ,r #e3 *41 ,k to ,k #b2 #ab4 ,q to ,b #g3 *41 ,q takes ,q2 #ac4 ,b takes ,q1 ,b takes ,r1 & w9s4 ,equally bad w\ld be #aj4 ,p to ,k #e1 ,p takes ,p2 #aa4 ,kt takes ,p1 ,kt takes ,b2 #ab4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,b takes ,p1 & w9s4 444 #aj4 ,ca/les 7q legal7 #aa4 ,kt takes ,r ,p3 dble4 *4 #aa4 ,k to ,kt #b #ab4 ,kt to ,kt #d #ab4 ,b takes ,kt #ac4 ,q takes ,b3 *4 #ac4 ,k to ,r sq4 #ad4 ,q to ,k #b #ad4 ,b takes ,p1 & w9s4 #cgc 444 #e4 ,q ,p to ,r #c ,n #e4 444 ,kt takes ,p1 :i* w\ld be met by #f4 ,p to ,r #e1 ) a w9n+ attack4 ,& n #e4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #d1 :i* is inf]ior to ! text move1 & weak5s ! pawns on ! ,que5's side = ! ,end game4 #f4 ,ca/les #f4 ,p to ,q #c #g4 ,p to ,b #c #g4 ,kt to ,b #c #h4 ,p to ,q #c ,! position is n[ equival5t to ! ,giuoco ,piano1 except t ,:ite has advanc$ 8 ,que5's side pawns1 :i* is a slight disadvantage4 ,,! ,,two ,,knights' ,,def5ce4 ,rev]t+ to ! op5+ moves ( ! ,giuoco ,piano1 9 answ] to #c4 ,b to ,b #d1 ,black may play 7in/ead ( #c4 444 ,b to ,b #d71 #c4 444 ,kt to ,b #c4 ,?is con/itutes ! ,two ,knights' ,def5ce4 ,:ite may cont9ue ) #d4 ,p to ,q #c1 or ,kt to ,b #c1 or adopt a m spirit$ l9e ( play ) #d4 ,kt to ,kt #e4 ,black's def5ces be+ #d4 444 ,p to ,q #d4 or #d4 444 ,kt takes ,p4 ,we app5d "o or two lead+ v>iations3 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,b #d #c4 ,kt to ,b #c #d4 ,kt to ,kt #e 444 ,9 ! ,giuoco ,piano1 :]e ,black's ,knight w\ld be /ill at ,kt sq41 ?is advance w\ld be bad1 because ,black c\ld reply #d4 444 ,kt to ,r #c1 #cgd def5d+ ! ,k ,b ,p4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 x is ! be/ move4 ,black's be/ def5ce is 444 #d4 ,p to ,q #d #e4 ,p takes ,p #e4 ,kt4 takes ,p 787 ,n to be recomm5d$4 ,! be/ move is #e4 444 ,kt to ,q ,r #d4 #f4 ,kt takes ,b ,p 767 #f4 ,k takes ,kt #g4 ,q to ,b #c3 *4 #g4 ,k to ,k #c #cge ,9 ord] to def5d ! ,knight1 :i* is twice attack$4 #g4 444 ,q to ,b #c w\ld be bad policy1 = 9 su* case ,:ite w\ld play #h4 ,b takes ,kt3 *41 ,b to ,k #c2 #i4 ,b takes ,kt1 ,p takes ,b2 #aj4 ,q takes ,p1 ) ?ree ,pawns ahead4 #h4 ,kt to ,b #c #h4 ,kt to ,k #b ,:ite attack+ ! ,knight once m1 & ,black def5d+ x aga94 #i4 ,p to ,q #d #i4 ,p to ,b #c ,& we h ! position depict$ 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,black c\ld n play #i4 444 ,p takes ,p1 = fe> ( #aj4 ,q to ,k #d3 *41 w9n+ back ! piece4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r ,b ,q ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,k --------------------------------------- ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- ,b ,p --------------------------------------- ,kt ,q --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,position ,,aft] ,,black',s #i,,? ,,move4 #aj4 ,b to ,k ,kt #e 444 ,p9n+ ! ,knight1 s z to take (f "o ( ! def5ces ( ! ,kt at ,q #d4 444 #aj4 ,k to ,q #b #aa4 ,p takes ,p #aa4 ,k to ,k sq4 #ab4 ,ca/les ,q ,r #ab4 ,b to ,k #c #ac4 ,kt takes ,kt #ac4 ,b takes ,kt #ad4 ,r takes ,b #ad4 ,p takes ,r #ae4 ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 #ae4 ,kt to ,b #c #af4 ,b takes ,q #af4 ,r takes ,b #ag4 ,p to ,k #f1 & w9s4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,repeat z f> z ,:ite's #h? move inclusive4 ,%\ld ,black play1 in/ead ( #h4 444 ,kt to ,k #b1 #h4 444 ,kt to ,kt #e1 ! foll[+ v>iations may ensue3 #cgf #i4 ,q to ,k #d #i4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d #aj4 ,b to ,kt #c #aj4 ,p to ,b #d #aa4 ,kt takes ,p #aa4 ,b to ,r #c #ab4 ,p to ,q ,r #d #ab4 ,r to ,b sq4 #ac4 ,p to ,q #c #ac4 ,b to ,k #b #ad4 ,ca/les 444 ,:ite ?reat5s n[ a =midable attack ) #ae4 ,p to ,k ,b #d1 to be foll[$ by attack+ ! ,knight ) ! ,q ,b ,p1 & s to w9 back ! piece4 444 #ad4 ,b to ,kt #b #ae4 ,p to ,q ,b #c #ae4 ,p to ,q ,r #c ,if #ae4 444 ,kt to ,r #c1 ,:ite w\ld w9 ) #af4 ,p to ,k ,b #d4 #af4 ,q to ,kt #d3 *4 #af4 ,k to ,b #b #ag4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #ag4 ,r to ,b sq4 7be/7 #ah4 ,p takes ,p3 dis4 *4 #ah4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #ai4 ,b to ,r #f 767 #ai4 ,r takes ,r3 *4 #bj4 ,r takes ,r #bj4 ,b to ,b sq4 #ba4 ,kt to ,q #f1 & w9s4 ,= ! imm$iate ?reat1 #bb4 ,q to ,k #f3 *41 or ,kt takes ,b1 is fatal4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ! ,op5+ up to ,black's #e? move4 #cgg 444 ,q to ,k #b #e4 --------------- #ad4 -------- ,kt to ,q ,r #dhi ,ca/les ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 ,p takes ,b #f4 -------------- #ae4 ---------- ,p to ,b #c ,r to ,k sq4 ,p takes ,p ,ca/les #g4 --------- #af4 --------- ,p takes ,p ,r takes ,p ,b to ,k #bij ,b to ,k ,b #d #h4 ------------ #ag4 -------------- ,p to ,k ,r #c ,q to ,kt #c3 *4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,q to ,b #b #i4 ----------- #ah4 -------------- ,p to ,k #e ,q takes ,q3 *4 ,kt to ,k #e ,r takes ,q #aj4 --------- #ai4 ------------- ,q to ,b #b ,r to ,k #h3 *4 ,p to ,k ,b #d ,r to ,b sq4 #aa4 ---------- #bj4 -------------- ,b to ,q #c ,r takes ,r3 *4 ,p to ,q #d ,k takes ,r1 c4 #ab4 ---------------- #ba4 -------------- ,p takes ,p e4p4 444 ,b takes ,p ,:ite has ! bett] pawn #ac4 ---------- position on ! ,que5's side4 ,b takes ,kt ,,! ,,ruy ,,lopez4 ,?is ,op5+1 inv5t$ by ! ,spani>d ,ruy ,lopez 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 is /ill resort$ to 9 t\rnam5ts & mat*es1 :]e caution & safety are ess5tial4 ,in/ead ( develop+ ! ,bi%op to ,q ,b #d ) ! int5tion ( an attack ^u ,black's weake/ po9t--viz41 ! ,k ,b ,p1 ,:ite plays #c4 ,b to ,q ,kt #e1 ?reat5+ #d4 ,b takes ,kt1 & #e4 ,kt takes ,p4 ,9 answ] to #c4 ,b to ,kt #e1 ,black may play #c4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #c2 #c4 444 ,k ,kt to ,b #c 7be/72 #c4 444 ,k ,kt to ,k #b 7n s good72 #c4 444 ,b to ,b #d2 #c4 444 ,kt to ,q #e 7n to be recomm5d$72 #c4 444 ,p to ,q #c 7a safe1 b dull def5ce72 #c4 444 ,p to ,b #d 7risky72 & #c4 444 ,p to ,k ,kt #c1 ! latt] involv+ ! developm5t ( ! ,k ,b to ,kt #b4 ,:ite's replies are1 9 answ] to #c4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #c2 #d4 ,b takes ,kt2 or #d4 ,b to ,r #d4 ,& 9 answ] to #c4 444 ,kt to ,b #c2 #d4 ,kt to ,b #c2 #d4 ,p to ,q #c2 #d4 ,q to ,k #b2 #d4 ,p to ,q #d1 or #d4 ,ca/les4 #cgh ,! ma9 def5ces are #c4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #c1 & #c4 444 ,kt to ,b #c4 ,! latt] is to be pref]r$2 = to a c]ta9 ext5t ! ,:ite ,bi%op is n 9 su* a fav\rable position at ,kt #e z at ,r #d2 x %\ld1 !re=e1 n be driv5 into a bett] "o4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,kt #e ,^! moves complete ! ,ruy ,lopez ,op5+4 444 #c4 ,p to ,q ,r #c #d4 ,b to ,r #d 444 ,:ite c\ld "h tempor>ily w9 a pawn ) #d4 ,b takes ,kt1 ,q ,p takes ,b1 #e4 ,kt takes ,p4 ,b #e4 444 ,q to ,q #e w9s x back = ,black2 x is1 !re=e1 useless to ex*ange ! p[]ful ,k+'s ,bi%op4 444 #d4 ,kt to ,b #c #e4 ,p to ,q #c #e4 ,p to ,q #c ,?is is ! quiete/ =m ( ! ,lopez & may be adopt$ ) safety4 #f4 ,kt to ,b #c #f4 ,b to ,q #b #g4 ,ca/les #g4 ,b to ,k #b #h4 ,p to ,q #d #h4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d #i4 ,p takes ,p #i4 ,q ,kt takes ,p #aj4 ,kt takes ,kt #aj4 ,p takes ,kt #aa4 ,b to ,kt #c #aa4 ,ca/les #ab4 ,b to ,kt #e #ab4 ,p to ,q ,r #d ,a good move1 z x anticipates ,:ite's advance ( ! ,q ,r ,p1 & ?us r5d]s ! ,que5's side safe4 #ac4 ,b takes ,kt #ac4 ,b takes ,b #ad4 ,p to ,q ,r #d #ad4 ,p to ,kt #e ,x w\ld be bad to play "h #ad4 444 ,p takes ,p1 #cgi because x n only w\ld give ,:ite an op5 ,rook's file1 b also isolate ,black's ,r ,p & ,q ,b ,p1 a weakness f :i* he c\ld n recov] aga9/ ! be/ play4 ,nei!r side has s f> ga9$ any mat]ial advantage4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ! fir/ five moves on ei!r side4 ,p to ,b #c ,kt to ,kt #c #f4 ----------- #i4 ----------- ,p to ,k ,kt #c ,p to ,q ,kt #d ,q ,kt to ,q #b ,b to ,b #b #g4 ----------- #aj4 -------- ,b to ,kt #b ,p to ,q #d ,kt to ,b sq4 ,ca/les #h4 ----------- #aa4 -------- ,ca/les ,q to ,q #c ,ev5 game4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,repeat fir/ f\r moves on ei!r side4 ,p to ,q #c ,b takes ,kt #e4 -------- #i4 ------------ ,b to ,b #d ,kt ,p takes ,b ,p to ,b #c ,kt takes ,p #f4 ------------ #aj4 ---------- ,q to ,k #b 767 ,kt takes ,p ,ca/les ,r to ,k sq4 #g4 ------- #aa4 ---------- ,ca/les ,p to ,k ,b #d ,p to ,q #d ,kt to ,q #b #h4 --------- #ab4 --------- ,b to ,kt #c ,q to ,b #c ,ev5 game4 ,,f\r? ,,v>iation4 ,repeat fir/ f\r moves z above4 ,ca/les #e4 ---------- ,kt takes ,p ,p to ,q #d #f4 ----------- ,p to ,q ,kt #d #chj ,kt takes ,p #g4 --------------- ,kt takes ,kt#ia ,p takes ,kt #h4 ------------ ,p to ,q #cib ,p takes ,p #i4 -------------- ,kt takes ,p#ic ,b to ,kt #c #aj4 --------- ,b to ,k #b ,q to ,b #c #aa4 ------------- ,r to ,q ,kt sq4 ,n #aa4 444 ,b to ,kt #b1 because ( #ab4 ,b takes ,p *41 ,kt takes ,b2 #ac4 ,q takes ,b1 c4 ,ab\t an ev5 game4 ,at ! pres5t day1 h[ev]1 z we h said1 ! def5ce ( #c4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #c is disc>d$ by ! be/ au?orities 9 fav\r ( #c4 444 ,kt to ,k ,b #c4 ,! game may !n proce$ z foll[s3 #d4 ,ca/les #d4 ,kt takes ,p #e4 ,p to ,q #d #e4 ,b to ,k #b #f4 ,q to ,k #b #f4 ,kt to ,q #c 767 #g4 ,b takes ,kt #g4 ,kt ,p takes ,b 767 ,if #g4 444 ,q ,p takes ,b1 ,:ite w\ld obta9 an advantage by #h4 ,p takes ,p1 ,kt to ,b #d2 #i4 ,r to ,q sq41 ,b to ,q #b2 #aj4 ,p to ,k #f 7671 ,p takes ,p2 #aa4 ,kt to ,k #e1 ,kt to ,q #c 7or ,b to ,q #c72 #ab4 ,q to ,r #e2 *41 ,p to ,kt #c2 #ac4 ,kt takes ,kt ,p1 & w9s4 #h4 ,p takes ,p #h4 ,kt to ,kt #b 767 #i4 ,kt to ,b #c #i4 ,kt to ,b #d #aj4 ,kt to ,q #d #aj4 ,ca/les ,! tempt+ move #aj4 444 ,b to ,r #c1 w9n+ ! ex*ange1 w\ld be uns\nd1 because ( ,:ite's reply #aa4 ,q to ,kt #d1 ,ca/les2 #ab4 ,b to ,r #f1 c4 ,ano!r v>iation proce$s z foll[s3 #cha #d4 ,p to ,q #d #d4 ,p takes ,p #e4 ,ca/les #e4 ,b to ,k #b #f4 ,p to ,k #e #f4 ,kt to ,k #e #g4 ,r to ,k sq4 #g4 ,kt to ,b #d #h4 ,b takes ,kt #h4 ,q ,p takes ,b 767 #i4 ,kt takes ,p #i4 ,ca/les #aj4 ,b to ,k #c #aj4 ,r to ,k sq4 #aa4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #aa4 ,kt to ,k #c #ab4 ,kt to ,b #e #ab4 ,kt to ,b sq4 ,ev5 game4 ,! rema9+ ,op5+s1 ?\gh n less important1 we %all be compell$ to deal ) m briefly4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be rememb]$ t x is only ! fir/ ?ree or f\r moves on ei!r side 7or ev5 less7 :i* con/itute a giv5 ,op5+4 ,all beyond ^! are optional1 ?\gh 9 _m in/ances ! be/ moves 9 cont9uation on ei!r side h be5 asc]ta9$ by c>eful analysis1 & ^! are consequ5tly kn[n1 among play]s1 z book moves4 ,,philidor',s ,,def5ce4 ,aft] #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,black may def5d ! attack$ ,k+'s pawn ) #b4444 ,p to ,q #c1 & ?is con/itutes ,philidor's ,def5ce4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,p to ,q #c #c4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,p takes ,p #d4 ,kt takes ,p 444 ,if #d4 ,q takes ,p1 ,black replies #d4444 ,kt to ,q ,b #c 7be/72 #e4 ,b to ,q ,kt #e1 ,b to ,q #b2 #f4 ,b takes ,kt1 ,b takes ,b2 #g4 ,b to ,kt #e1 ,kt to ,b #c2 #h4 ,b takes ,kt4 #chb ,q takes ,b2 #i4 ,q takes ,q1 ,p takes ,q2 #aj4 ,kt to ,b #c1 & ,black has two ,bi%ops aga9/ two ,knights1 & an op5 ,kt & ,k file = 8 ,rooks1 & consequ5tly ! advantage4 444 #d4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #e4 ,b to ,q ,b #d #e4 ,b to ,k #b ,equal game4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 -------- ,p to ,k #d ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ----------- ,p to ,q #c ,b to ,b #d #c4 -------------- ,p to ,k ,b #did ,p to ,q #d #d4 ----------- ,k ,p takes ,p ,kt to ,kt #e #e4 ----------- ,kt to ,k ,r #c ,kt takes ,p #f4 ------------ ,q to ,k #bie ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #g4 ------------- ,k to ,q #b ,b to ,kt #e #h4 -------------- ,q takes ,p3 *4 ,k to ,q #b #i4 --------- ,q to ,kt #e ,q to ,kt #f #aj4 ---------- ,r takes ,kt ,b to ,q #e #aa4 ------------ ,p to ,b #cif ,p to ,k ,r #c #ab4 -------------- ,w9n+ ! ,q4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ! op5+ ( second v>iation up to ,black's f\r? move4 #chc 444 #d4 ----------- ,b ,p takes ,p ,kt takes ,p #e4 ---------- ,p takes ,kt ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #f4 ------------- ,k to ,q #b ,q to ,b #e3 *4 #g4 ------------- ,k to ,b #c ,q takes ,p 7,k #d7ig #h4 ------------------- ,p to ,q ,r #c ,p to ,q #e3 *4 #i4 ------------- ,k to ,kt #c ,b to ,k #c3 *4 #aj4 ------------- ,b to ,b #dih ,b takes ,b3 *4 #aa4 -------------- ,k takes ,b ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #g4 ------------- ,k to ,q #b ,b to ,kt #e #h4 -------------- ,q takes ,p3 *4 ,k to ,q #b #i4 --------- ,q to ,kt #e ,p to ,kt #d3 *4 #ab4 -------------- ,k takes ,p #ii ,kt to ,q #b #ac4 --------- ,q to ,b #c ,r to ,kt sq43 *4 #ad4 ---------------- ,k to ,r #e ,p to ,q ,b #c #ae4 --------------- ,p to ,q ,r #dajj ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 #af4 -------------- ,k to ,r #f ,kt to ,b #d3 *4 #ag4 -------------- ,k takes ,p ,r to ,kt #b3 *4 #ah4 -------------- ,k to ,r #h ,ca/les3 *eckm4 #ai4 ---------------- ,?is v>iation has be5 select$ to illu/rate mate be+ giv5 by ca/l+4 ,,?ree ,,knights' ,,game4 ,! ,?ree ,knights' ,game is br\ght ab\t if1 aft] #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,kt to ,q ,b #c1 ,:ite plays #c4 ,kt to ,b #c1 ,! foll[+ is an example3 #chd ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,kt to ,b #c #c4 ,b to ,kt #e #d4 ,b to ,kt #e #d4 ,k ,kt to ,k #b #e4 ,p to ,q #d #e4 ,p takes ,p #f4 ,kt takes ,p #f4 ,ca/les ,ev5 game4 ,,f\r ,,knights' ,,game4 ,if ,black moves #c4 444 ,kt to ,b #c1 ! previ\s moves be+ ! same z 9 ! ,?ree ,knights' ,game1 x is call$ ! ,f\r ,knights' ,game4 ,x is conv]tible into a ,ruy ,lopez1 if ,:ite plays #d4 ,b to ,kt #e2 & into a ,d\ble ,ruy ,lopez1 if ,black replies #d4 444 ,b to ,kt #e4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,kt to ,b #c #c4 ,kt to ,b #c #d4 ,b to ,kt #e #d4 ,b to ,kt #e #e4 ,ca/les #e4 ,ca/les #f4 ,kt to ,q #e #f4 ,kt takes ,kt #g4 ,p takes ,kt #g4 ,p to ,k #e #h4 ,p takes ,kt #h4 ,p takes ,kt #i4 ,q takes ,p ,if ,:ite _h play$ #i4 ,p takes ,q ,p1 ,black's be/ reply w\ld h be5 #i4 444 ,p takes ,p1 attack+ ! ,rook2 if #i4 ,p takes ,kt ,p1 ,black replies #i4 444 ,b takes ,kt ,p1 ) a promis+ attack4 444 #i4 ,q ,p takes ,p #aj4 ,b to ,k #b #aj4 ,b to ,q #c ,ev5 game4 #che ,,! ,,vi5na ,,op5+4 ,if1 aft] #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d1 ,:ite plays #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c1 ! ,vi5na ,op5+ is ! result4 ,! ,q ,kt does n act imm$iately1 b r seems to rel9qui% ! advantage ( ! fir/ move2 b ?is is only app>5tly s4 ,= 9 all ,op5+s ! ,q ,kt plays an important role1 &1 hav+ ?is piece 9 play1 ,:ite soon resumes ! attack1 & ) increas$ vig\r 9 c]ta9 v>iations4 ,! def5ces = ,black are--#b4 444 ,b to ,b #d2 #b4 444 ,b to ,kt #e2 #b4 444 ,kt to ,q ,b #c2 #b4 444 ,kt to ,k ,b #c4 ,! latt] yields ! mo/ satisfactory results4 #b4 444 ,kt to ,q ,b #c may lead to ! ,/e9itz ,gambit1 a difficult game = bo? sides2 :il/ #b4 444 ,b to ,kt #e is ! lea/ satisfactory v>iation ( all4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,b #d #c4 ,p to ,q #d 7be/7 ,9 ?is v>iation x is n advisable to take ! (f]$ ,gambit pawn1 ?\gh ,black might h done s if he _h play$ #b4 444 ,kt to ,q ,b #c in/ead ( #b4 444 ,kt to ,k ,b #c4 #d4 ,b ,p takes ,p #d4 ,kt takes ,p #e4 ,q to ,b #c #e4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #f4 ,b to ,kt #e 444 ,if #f4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,black w\ld w9 ) #f4 444 ,kt to ,q #e2 #g4 ,q to ,q #c 7be/71 ,p takes ,kt2 #h4 ,q takes ,p1 ,b to ,k ,b #d1 to be foll[$ by ,kt takes ,p3 *4 c4 #chf 444 #f4 ,kt takes ,kt #g4 ,kt ,p takes ,kt 767 #g4 ,b to ,k #b #h4 ,p to ,q #d #h4 ,b to ,k #c #i4 ,kt to ,k #b #i4 ,ca/les #aj4 ,ca/les ,) a v good game4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,p to ,k #d ,p to ,k #d #a4 -------- #a4 -------- ,p to ,k #d ,p to ,k #d ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,kt to ,q ,b #c #b4 ----------- #b4 ----------- ,b to ,b #d ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,p to ,b #d ,p to ,k ,kt #c #c4 -------- #c4 ----------- ,p to ,q #c ,b to ,b #d ,kt to ,b #c ,b to ,kt #b #d4 ----------- #d4 --------- ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,p to ,q #c ,b to ,b #d ,kt to ,r #d #e4 --------- #e4 --------- ,kt to ,b #c ,b to ,kt #c ,p to ,q #c ,kt takes ,b #f4 ----------- #f4 ------------ ,b to ,k ,kt #e ,r ,p takes ,kt ,kt to ,q ,r #d ,kt to ,k #b #g4 ----------- #g4 --------- ,b to ,kt #c ,p to ,b #d ,kt takes ,b ,p to ,q #c #h4 ------------ #h4 --------- ,r ,p takes ,kt ,kt to ,b #c ,ev5 game4 ,ev5 game4 ,,! ,,/e9itz ,,gambit4 ,?is gambit is an (f%oot ( ! ,vi5na ,op5+4 ,x leads to a v difficult game1 & ! /ud5t w be well advis$ to avoid x4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 desirable t he %\ld "k ! moves ( ! ,op5+4 #chg ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,b #d #c4 ,p takes ,p #d4 ,p to ,q #d 444 ,?is con/itutes ! ,/e9itz ,gambit4 ,! ,:ite ,k+ becomes expos$ to a viol5t attack2 b if ! attack fails1 ,:ite is able to ex*ange pieces1 & s obta9 a sup]ior ,end game1 8 ,k+ 7an ess5tial factor 9 ! end+7 be+ 9 bett] play ?an ! ,black ,k+4 ,,! ,,scot* ,,game ,,& ,,scot* ,,gambit4 ,next 9 importance to ! ,ruy ,lopez & ! ,vi5na ,op5+ is ! ,scot*1 an ,op5+ v frequ5tly adopt$ 9 mat*es & t\rnam5ts4 ,if aft] #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,kt to ,q ,b #c2 ,:ite plays #c4 ,p to ,q #d1 x is call$ ! ,scot* ,game4 ,black's be/ move is #c4 444 ,p takes ,p 7n #c4 444 ,kt takes ,p71 & ,:ite c ei!r retake ! ,pawn or leave x4 ,9 ! latt] case ! ,op5+ becomes ! ,scot* ,gambit4 ,! =m] ,op5+ is consid]$ s\nd] ?an ! latt]1 & = t reason is met ) m frequ5tly n[adays4 ,=m]ly1 :5 ,gambits g5]ally 7 m 9 vogue1 ! ,scot* ,gambit enjoy$ correspond+ popul>ity4 ,a few ( ! mo/ ess5tial v>iations ( ?is int]e/+ ,op5+ foll[4 ,fir/1 ( ! ,scot* game4 #chh ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,p takes ,p #d4 ,kt takes ,p #d4 ,kt to ,b #c #e4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #e4 ,b to ,kt #e #f4 ,kt takes ,kt #f4 ,kt ,p takes ,kt #g4 ,q to ,q #d #g4 ,q to ,k #b #h4 ,p to ,b #c #h4 ,p to ,b #d #i4 ,q to ,k #c #i4 ,ca/les4 ,ev5 game4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ! ,op5+ up to ,black's #d? move4 444 ,p takes ,b #d4 -------- #h4 --------- ,b to ,b #d ,p to ,q #d ,b to ,k #c ,kt to ,b #c #e4 -------- #i4 --------- ,q to ,b #c ,p takes ,p ,p to ,q ,b #c ,p to ,q #e #f4 ----------- #aj4 ------------ ,k ,kt to ,k #b ,kt to ,kt sq4 ,q to ,q #b ,kt takes ,p #g4 ---------- #aa4 ---------- ,b takes ,kt 444 ,ev5 game4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ,op5+ z be=e4 444 ,b to ,k #c #d4 ----------- #g4 --------- ,kt takes ,kt ,q takes ,q ,q takes ,kt ,b takes ,q #e4 ---------- #h4 --------- ,q to ,b #c 444 ,p to ,k #e #f4 ----------- ,q to ,q ,kt #c ,ev5 game4 #chi ,,! ,,scot* ,,gambit4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,p takes ,p #d4 ,b to ,q ,b #d 444 ,! ,pawn n be+ re-tak51 z 9 ! ,scot* ,game1 con/itutes ! ,scot* ,gambit4 444 #d4 ,b to ,b #d #e4 ,kt to ,kt #e #e4 ,kt to ,r #c ,n #e4 444 ,kt to ,k #d1 :i* mo/ beg9n]s are 9 ! habit ( play+1 because ,:ite w\ld /ill proce$ exactly z aft] ! move giv5 9 ! text1 & aft] ! ex*anges ,black w\ld h ! ,k ,kt n develop$4 #f4 ,kt takes ,b ,p #f4 ,kt takes ,kt #g4 ,b takes ,kt3 *4 #g4 ,k takes ,b #h4 ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #h4 ,p to ,kt #c #i4 ,q takes ,b #i4 ,p to ,q #d 7be/7 #aj4 ,p takes ,p 444 ,if #aj4 ,q takes ,p3 *41 !n #aj4 444 ,q takes ,q2 #aa4 ,p takes ,q1 ,kt to ,kt #e2 #ab4 ,kt to ,r #c1 ,r to ,k sq43 *42 #ac4 ,k to ,q sq41 ,kt takes ,q ,p1 c4 444 #aj4 ,r to ,k sq43 *4 #aa4 ,k to ,q sq4 444 ,=m+ ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r ,b ,q ,r --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- ,q ,p --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,position ,,aft] ,,:ite',s #aa,,? ,,move4 444 #aa4 ,r to ,k #d #ab4 ,p to ,q ,b #d #ab4 ,q to ,r #e #ac4 ,q to ,r #c #ac4 ,q takes ,b ,p #ad4 ,q to ,b #c3 *4 #ad4 ,q takes ,q #ae4 ,p takes ,q 444 ,black has ! bett] game4 #cij ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,repeat ! ,op5+ up to ,:ite's #f? move4 ,q to ,r #e ,p to ,k ,r #c #f4 -------- #i4 ---------- ,q to ,k #b ,b to ,q #b ,ca/les ,p to ,k ,b #d #g4 --------- #aj4 ---------- ,kt to ,k #d ,kt to ,b #c ,b to ,kt #c ,&1 aft] ,black has ca/l$ #h4 --------- ,q ,r1 he has ! bett] game4 ,p to ,q #c #cia ,,! ,,dani% ,,& ,,c5tre ,,gambits4 ,! op5+ moves 9 ea* case are #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,p to ,q #d1 ,p takes ,p4 ,if ,:ite cont9ue #c4 ,p to ,q ,b #c1 x is call$ ! ,dani% ,gambit1 :i* is r>ely play$ n[4 ,! ,c5tre ,gambit is a modification ( ! ,scot*1 & simil> to x 9 _m ( ! cont9uations4 #c4 ,q takes ,p con/itutes ?is ,gambit4 7,/rictly speak+1 x is n a ,gambit1 ! pawn n be+ sacrific$47 ,latt]ly ! ,c5tre ,gambit has be5 some:at neglect$4 ,,! ,,dani% ,,gambit4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,q #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,p to ,q ,b 444 ,^! moves con/itute ! ,dani% ,gambit4 444 #c4 ,p takes ,p #d4 ,b to ,q ,b #d #d4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #e4 ,kt takes ,p #e4 ,b to ,kt #e #f4 ,kt to ,k #b #f4 ,ca/les #g4 ,p to ,k #e #g4 ,kt to ,k #e 7,or #g4 444 ,p to ,q #d1 equally good1 & lead+ to a liveli] game47 #h4 ,ca/les #h4 ,kt takes ,kt #i4 ,p takes ,kt #i4 ,b to ,b #d ,& ,:ite is bett] develop$1 = ! pawn m9us4 ,/ill ,black has a tangible advantage4 ,,! ,,c5tre ,,gambit4 #cib ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,q #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,q takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #d4 ,q to ,k #c 444 ,=m]ly ! cont9uation 0 #d4 ,q to ,q sq41 ,kt to ,b #c2 #e4 ,b to ,q #c1 ,p to ,q #d1 c41 b ! text-move is n[ consid]$ sup]ior to ! retreat ( a develop$ piece1 especially z f ,k #c ! range ( ! ,que5's action on bo? sides %\ld prove m advantage\s to ,:ite4 444 #d4 ,kt to ,b #c #e4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #e4 ,b to ,kt #e ,if #e4 ,p to ,k #e1 ,black's be/ reply is #e4 444 ,kt to ,k ,kt #e2 #f4 ,q to ,k #d1 ,p to ,q #d2 #g4 ,p takes ,p e4p43 *41 ,b to ,k #c2 #h4 ,p takes ,p1 ,q to ,q #h3 *41 foll[$ by #i4 444 ,kt takes ,p3 *4 & #aj4 444 ,kt takes ,q1 ) ! bett] game4 ,,petr(f',s ,,def5ce4 ,"h1 aft] #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,black1 in/ead ( def5d+ ! ,k ,p ) #b4 444 ,kt to ,q ,b #c1 plays ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 attack+ ! oppon5t's ,k ,p4 ,?is mode ( def5ce is sometimes adopt$ if ! second play] wi%es to avoid ! ,ruy ,lopez1 ,scot* ,op5+1 or ,evans ,gambit4 ,on ! :ole x yields a safe def5ce1 al?\gh some:at tame 9 ! majority ( v>iations4 ,,! ,,k+',s ,,gambits4 ,! read] has already _h sev]al examples ( ,gambits1 b o!rs /ill rema9 to be describ$4 ,a pawn is sacrific$ 9 ord] to get a comp5sat+ advantage 9 a rapid developm5t ( ! pieces1 & an imm$iate attack4 ,=m]ly ! ,gambits 7 play$ v frequ5tly1 b m p]fect k ( ! possible def5ces has caus$ ! less speculative ,op5+s to be resort$ to 9 pref]5ce--a #cic tacit admission t ! ,gambits are = ! mo/ "p haz>d\s = ! fir/ play]1 ?\gh !y give rise to +5i\s comb9ations & int]e/+ positions4 ,! pr9cipal ,gambits 7ap>t f ! ,evans7 are ! ,k+'s ,knight's & ,k+'s ,bi%op's ,gambits4 ,f ! =m] spr+ o!r well-kn[n ,gambits1 su* z ! ,kies]itzky1 ,allgai]1 ,muzio1 c4 ,,! ,,k+',s ,,knight',s ,,gambit4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c 444 ,?is move completes ! ,gambit4 444 #c4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d ,?is move has a d\ble object4 ,fir/1 x protects ! ,gambit pawn1 :i* w\ld be attack$ aft] ,:ite's necess>y ,p to ,q #d1 & !n x enables ,black to po/ 8 ,b at ,kt #b1 :i* is ess5tial1 z 9 "s v>iations ,:ite might play ,p to ,k ,r #d1 :5 )\t ! ,b at ,kt #b1 ,black c\ld n reply ,p to ,k ,r #c1 because 8 ,rook w\ld n !n be protect$1 & 8 pawns on ! ,k+'s side w\ld be brok5 up4 #d4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,b to ,kt #b #e4 ,p to ,q #d #e4 ,p to ,q #c #f4 ,p to ,k ,r #d #f4 ,p to ,k ,r #c ,see previ\s rem>k4 ,( c\rse1 7 ,black n[ to advance ! attack$ pawn1 he w\ld weak5 ! ,gambit pawn4 #cid #g4 ,p takes ,p #g4 ,p takes ,p #h4 ,r takes ,r #h4 ,b takes ,r #i4 ,q to ,q #c 444 ,! int5tion be+ to play ,p to ,k #e & ,q to ,r #g1 attack+ two pieces1 & ?reat5+ mate4 ,black prev5ts ?is by-- 444 #i4 ,kt to ,k ,r #c ,:ite has n z yet ga9$ any m>k$ advantage to comp5sate = ! sacrific$ pawn4 ,black's be/ def5ce 9 ! ,k+'s ,knight's ,gambit is to play #d4 444 ,p to ,kt #e1 !reby =c+ ,:ite to adopt ei!r ! ,muzio or ! ,salvio attack1 9 ei!r ( :i* cases ,black %\ld get ! be/ ( ! game1 z we proce$ to %[4 ,,! ,,muzio ,,gambit4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d #d4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,p to ,kt #e #e4 ,ca/les 444 ,! ,knight _c g back to ,kt sq41 consequ5tly ,:ite mu/ ei!r give x up or play ,kt to ,k #e1 :i* w be treat$ 9 ! ,salvio ,gambit4 ,leav+ ! ,knight en prise con/itutes ! ,muzio ,gambit4 444 #e4 ,p takes ,kt ,! position is n[ z repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,position ,,aft] ,,black',s #e,,? ,,move4 #f4 ,q takes ,p #f4 ,q to ,b #c #g4 ,p to ,k #e 444 #cie ,?is fur!r sacrifice may be reg>d$ z compulsory4 ,:ite ga9s "t to develop 8 pieces1 z ,black has1 aft] ! capture ( ! ,k ,p1 bo? ,k+ & ,que5 9 an expos$ position4 444 #g4 ,q takes ,p #h4 ,p to ,q #c #h4 ,b to ,r #c #i4 ,b to ,q #b 444 #cif ,?reat5+ #aj4 ,r to ,k sq42 or if ,black plays #i4 444 ,q takes ,p2 #aj4 ,b to ,b #c1 c4 ,:ite has ga9$ no mat]ial advantage4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,rev]t+ to ! position aft] ,black's #e? move 7,fig4 #ab71 in/ead (1 z 9 ! prec$+ v>iation1 #f4 ,q takes ,p1 let ,:ite play-- #f4 ,p to ,q #d 444 ,?is attack1 if n prop]ly met1 is extremely emb>rass+ = ,black2 b1 aga9/ ! correct play1 x is inf]ior to ! "o already giv54 444 #f4 ,p to ,q #d 7be/7 #g4 ,b takes ,p #g4 ,q ,b to ,kt #e #h4 ,r to ,b #b #h4 ,p to ,q ,b #c #i4 ,b to ,b #d #i4 ,b to ,kt #b #aj4 ,p to ,b #c #aj4 ,b to ,r #c #aa4 ,kt to ,q #b #aa4 ,kt to ,k #b #ab4 ,kt takes ,p #ab4 ,kt to ,kt #c ,& ,black ev5 )\t ,ca/l+ may assume ! c\nt]-attack ) ,r to ,kt sq41 br++ ! ,que5 into play z soon z feasible4 ,,! ,,salvio ,,gambit4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d #d4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,p to ,kt #e #e4 ,kt to ,k #e 444 ,?is move con/itutes ! ,salvio attack4 ,:ite #cig attacks ,black's ,k ,b ,p1 int5d+ to obta9 a comp5sat+ advantage = be+ compell$ to move 8 ,k+ )\t ca/l+4 444 #e4 ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #f4 ,k to ,b sq4 #f4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #g4 ,b takes ,p3 *4 #g4 ,k to ,k #b ,bett] "h1 z 9 mo/ cases1 ?an #g4444 ,k to ,q sq41 = x keeps an attack ^u ! ,b 9 case ! ,kt has to move4 #h4 ,kt takes ,kt3 *4 #h4 ,q ,p takes ,kt #i4 ,b to ,kt #c #i4 ,kt to ,b #c #aj4 ,p to ,q #c #aj4 ,kt to ,r #d ,black has by f> ! bett] position4 ,,! ,,kies]itzky ,,gambit4 ,"h ! op5+ moves are aga93 #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d1 ,p takes ,p2 #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,p to ,k ,kt #d4 ,if ,:ite plays #d4 ,b to ,b #d1 ,black c play ei!r #d4 444 ,b to ,kt #b1 ?us consolidat+ 8 ,k+'s pawns1 :i* are difficult to break up1 or #d4 444 ,p to ,kt #e1 ) ! consequ5ces %[n 9 ! ,muzio & ,salvio4 ,to obviate ?is1 ,:ite plays n[ #e4 ,p to ,k ,r #d4 ,black's ,knight's pawn _c be def5d$ ) ,p to ,k ,r #c1 ! ,bi%op n be+ yet at ,kt #b4 ,!re=e ,black's be/ c\rse 7,b to ,k #b n be+ good7 is #e4 444 ,p to ,kt #e1 to :i* ,:ite replies #f4 ,kt to ,k #e--! ,kies]itzky1 or #f4 ,kt to ,kt #e1 ! ,allgai]1 to be consid]$ subsequ5tly4 #cih ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d #d4 ,p to ,k ,r #d #d4 ,p to ,kt #e #e4 ,kt to ,k #e #e4 ,b to ,kt #b ,black has v>i\s def5ces "h1 ! be/ be+ ! text-move & #e4 444 ,kt to ,k ,b #c4 #f4 ,p to ,q #d 444 ,if #f4 ,kt takes ,kt ,p1 ,black replies #f4 444 ,p to ,q #d2 #g4 ,kt to ,b #b1 ,kt to ,k #b2 #h4 ,p takes ,p1 ,ca/les2 #i4 ,b to ,k #b1 ,kt to ,b #d1 ) ! bett] game4 444 #f4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #g4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #g4 ,p to ,q #c #h4 ,kt to ,q #c #h4 ,kt to ,r #d #i4 ,kt takes ,p #i4 ,kt to ,kt #f #aj4 ,r to ,r #b #aj4 ,ca/les #aa4 ,q to ,q #c #aa4 ,kt takes ,b #ab4 ,k takes ,kt #ab4 ,kt to ,b #c ,& ,black has a good game4 ,,! ,,allgai] ,,gambit4 ,"h1 z 9 ! ,muzio1 a piece is sacrific$ = an e>ly & /rong attack4 ,! op5+ moves are-- ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d #d4 ,p to ,k ,r #d #d4 ,p to ,kt #e #e4 ,kt to ,kt #e 444 ,?is move involves ! sacrifice ( ! ,knight1 & con/itutes ! ,allgai]4 #cii 444 #e4 ,p to ,k ,r #c #f4 ,kt takes ,k ,b ,p #f4 ,k takes ,kt #g4 ,b to ,b #d3 *4 #g4 ,p to ,q #d ,black gives up ?is pawn to free 8 ,bi%op & protect ! pawn at ,kt #e4 #h4 ,b takes ,p3 *4 #h4 ,k to ,kt #b #i4 ,b takes ,q ,kt ,p #i4 ,b takes ,b #aj4 ,q takes ,p3 *4 #aj4 ,k to ,b #b #aa4 ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #aa4 ,k to ,k #b #ab4 ,q to ,k #e3 *4 #ab4 ,k to ,q #b #ac4 ,q takes ,r #ac4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,?reat5+ to w9 ! ,que5 by #ad4 444 ,q to ,k #b1 & #ae4 444 ,b to ,kt #b4 #ad4 ,p to ,q ,kt #c 444 ,to be able to play1 9 reply to #ad4 444 ,q to ,k #b2 #ae ,b to ,r #c4 ,?is avoids ! imm$iate dang]1 b ,:ite has no tangible advantage4 ,an important modification ( ?is is ! ,allgai]-,?orold1 9 :i* ,:ite at move #g advances ! ,que5's pawn1 in/ead ( at once *eck+ aft] ! sacrifice ( ! ,knight4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( ?is ,gambit1 & a probable cont9uation4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d #d4 ,p to ,k ,r #d #d4 ,p to ,kt #e #e4 ,kt to ,kt #e #e4 ,p to ,k ,r #c #f4 ,kt takes ,p #f4 ,k takes ,kt #g4 ,p to ,q #d #g4 ,p to ,b #f #h4 ,b to ,b #d3 *4 #h4 ,p to ,q #d #i4 ,b takes ,p3 *4 #i4 ,k to ,kt #b #aj4 ,p takes ,p #aj4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,black has slightly ! advantage4 #djj ,,! ,,cunn+ham ,,gambit4 ,?is %\ld r be call$ ! ,cunn+ham ,def5ce to ! ,k+'s ,knight's ,gambit4 ,! op5+ moves are3 #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d1 ,p takes ,p2 #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,b to ,k #b4 ,?is def5ce is less fav\rable ?an ei!r ! ,muzio or ! ,salvio4 ,! game may proce$ z foll[s-- ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #d4 ,b to ,b #d #d4 ,b to ,r #e3 *4 #e4 ,k to ,b sq4 444 ,?is is ! be/ move1 :i* %\ld give ! advantage to ,:ite4 ,less fav\rable is ,cunn+ham's own l9e ( play3 #e4 ,p to ,k ,kt #c1 ,p takes ,p2 #f4 ,ca/les1 ,p takes ,p3 *42 #g4 ,k to ,r sq41 ,p to ,q #d1 #h4 ,b takes ,p1 ,kt to ,k ,b #c2 #i4 ,b takes ,p4 *41 ,k takes ,b2 #aj4 ,kt takes ,b1 ,r to ,b sq42 #aa4 ,p to ,q #d1 ,k to ,kt sq41 ) a good game = ,black4 #e4 444 #e4 ,p to ,q #d #f4 ,b takes ,p #f4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,,! ,,bi%op',s ,,gambit4 ,"h ! op5+ moves are3 #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 ,p to ,k #d2 #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d1 ,p takes ,p2 #c4 ,b to ,b #d4 ,! ,bi%op be+ develop$ at ?is /age1 in/ead ( ! ,k+'s ,knight1 gives ! ,op5+ its "n4 ,its special feature is t ,:ite exposes himself to a *eck1 :i* compels him to move 8 ,k+1 & ?us loses ! privilege ( ca/l+ )\t ga9+ su* an imm$iate attack z 9 ! ,salvio4 ,b ?\gh ,:ite ?us gives up ! attack tempor>ily1 he is able to reassume x ) int5sifi$ vig\r1 ow+ to ! expos$ position ( ! ,black ,que54 ,! *eck ) ! ,que5 is !re=e n[ only #dja resort$ to 9 conjunction ) #d4 444 ,p to ,q #d1 a c\nt]-gambit :i* fur!rs ,black's developm5t4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p takes ,p #c4 ,b to ,b #d #c4 ,p to ,q #d ,or #c4 444 ,q to ,r #e3 *41 foll[$ by #d4 444 ,p to ,q #d4 #d4 ,b takes ,p 444 ,n #d4 ,p takes ,p1 because ( #e4 444 ,q to ,r #e3 *42 #f4 ,k to ,b sq41 ,b to ,q #c2 #g4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 ,q to ,r #d2 #h4 ,p to ,q #d1 ,kt to ,k #b2 #i4 ,kt to ,b #c1 ,ca/les1 ) ! bett] game4 444 #d4 ,q to ,r #e3 *4 #e4 ,k to ,b sq4 #e4 ,p to ,k ,kt #d #f4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #f4 ,q to ,r #d #g4 ,p to ,k ,r #d 444 ,^u ! same pr9ciple z 9 ! o!r ,gambits 7or1 inde$1 z 9 e /rong pawn position71 viz41 to attempt to break ! =ce ( ! unit$ pawns4 444 #g4 ,b to ,kt #b ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,rev]t+ to ! position aft] ,black's #e? move1 ,:ite has two o!r attacks "h--viz41 #f4 ,q to ,b #c1 & #f4 ,p to ,k ,kt #c4 ,q to ,b #c #f4 ---------- ,p to ,q ,b #c ,q to ,q ,b #caja #g4 --------------- ,p to ,b #c ,b takes ,kt #h4 ---------- ,r takes ,b ,q takes ,p #i4 --------- ,b to ,k #b #djb ,q to ,b #c #aj4 --------- ,p to ,kt #e ,p to ,q #dajb #aa4 ------------- ,p to ,b #f ,b to ,k #cajc #ab4 ------------- ,b to ,k #c ,kt to ,q #b #ac4 --------- ,kt to ,q #b ,) advantage = ,black4 ,,?ird ,,v>iation4 7,fir/ five moves z be=e47 ,p to ,k ,kt #c ,kt to ,k ,b #c #f4 ----------- #aa4 ------------- ,p takes ,p ,b to ,r #f3 *4 ,k to ,kt #bajd ,k takes ,b #g4 -------------- #ab4 -------------- ,b to ,q #c ,p to ,kt #e3 *4 ,p to ,k #e ,k to ,kt #b #h4 --------- #ac4 --------------- ,b takes ,p ,p takes ,kt3 *4 ,q to ,k sq4 ,k takes ,p #i4 ---------- #ad4 ----------- ,q to ,q #e ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,b takes ,p3 *4 ,& w9s4 #aj4 -------------- ,k takes ,b ,two o!r cont9uations = ,black %\ld be not$ by ! /ud5t--viz41 #c4 444 ,p to ,k ,b #d1 & #c4 444 ,kt to ,k ,b #c4 ,,f\r? ,,v>iation4 #djc 444 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ---------- #g4 ----------- ,p to ,k ,b #d ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,q to ,k #b ,q takes ,b ,p #d4 ------------- #h4 ----------- ,q to ,r #e3 *4 ,q takes ,q ,k to ,q sq4 ,b takes ,q #e4 ---------- #i4 --------- ,p takes ,p 444 ,q takes ,p3 *4 ,ev5 game4 #f4 -------------- ,b to ,k #b ,,fif? ,,v>iation4 444 ,p to ,q #c #c4 ----------- #g4 --------- ,kt to ,k ,b #c ,kt to ,k #d ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,b to ,kt #c #d4 ----------- #h4 --------- ,kt to ,b #c ,b to ,kt #e ,kt to ,b #c ,q ,b takes ,p #e4 --------- #i4 ----------- ,b to ,kt #e 444 ,ca/les ,ev5 game4 #f4 -------- ,p to ,q #c ,,! ,,gambit ,,decl9$4 ,al?\gh1 9 ! majority ( ,gambits1 ! def5ce %\ld obta91 if n an advantage1 at lea/ an ev5 game1 "s play]s 7fe>+ to give _! oppon5t ! *ance ( a sudd5 & vigor\s attack7 decl9e to accept ! ,gambit4 ,!re are v>i\s modes ( refus+ ! ,gambit2 ! "o mo/ frequ5tly resort$ to be+ by play+ ,b to ,b #d4 ,! game may proce$ z "u3 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,b to ,b #d #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,q #c #d4 ,p to ,b #c 444 #djd ,int5d+ to e/abli% a c5tre ) #e ,p to ,q #d4 444 #d4 ,b to ,k ,kt #e #e4 ,b to ,k #b 444 #e4 ,p to ,k ,r #c1 ,b takes ,kt2 #f4 ,q takes ,b1 may also be play$4 444 #e4 ,b takes ,kt #f4 ,b takes ,b #f4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #g4 ,p to ,q ,kt #d #g4 ,b to ,kt #c #h4 ,p to ,kt #e #h4 ,q ,kt to ,k #b #i4 ,p to ,q #d 444 ,& ,:ite has1 s f>1 c>ri$ out 8 plan ( e/abli%+ a c5tre4 ,! position is ab\t ev54 ,! foll[+ def5ce is kn[n z ! ,falkbe] ,c\nt]-,gambit1 aft] its au?or3 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #d #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,k ,p takes ,p 444 ,n #c4 ,b ,p takes ,p1 because ( #c4 444 ,q to ,r #e3 *41 :i* w\ld give ,black a w9n+ game4 444 #c4 ,p to ,k #e ,black gives up a pawn = ! attack1 & a spirit$ game4 ,x w\ld be disadvantage\s = ,black to play #c4 444 ,q takes ,p1 because ,:ite w\ld !n develop 8 pieces quick]1 :i* x is ! object ( ,black's c\nt]-gambit to prev5t4 #d4 ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 #d4 ,p to ,b #c ,bo? ,:ite's & ,black's moves are ! be/ available4 #e4 ,p takes ,p #e4 ,p takes ,p #dje ,black takes ) ! pawn 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! attack1 = :i* he gave up a pawn4 #f4 ,b to ,b #d #f4 ,kt to ,b #c ,aga9 ! be/ moves = bo? sides4 ,black c\ld n play #f4 444 ,b to ,q ,b #d1 because ( #g4 ,b takes ,p3 *41 ,k takes ,b2 #h4 ,q to ,r #e3 *41 ,p to ,kt #c2 #i4 ,q takes ,b1 c4 ,,close ,,games4 ,all games :i* comm5ce ) any o!r move ?an #a4 ,p to ,k #d1 or 9 :i* ,black replies ) any o!r move ?an #a4 444 ,p to ,k #d1 are call$ ,close ,games4 ,^! ,op5+s are resort$ to ei!r by ! fir/ play]1 if he has to meet an oppon5t :o is well v]s$ 9 book k1 or by ! second play]1 if he is afraid to tru/ himself 9 ! wide field ( ! ,op5 ,games1 ) all ! num]\s v>iations & comb9ations1 :i* ! fir/ play]1 kn[+ :at ,op5+ he proposes to adopt1 might h prep>$4 ,! ,close ,games require a consid]able k ( pawn-play1 :i* is a specialty1 only to be acquir$ by long exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! ,op5 ,games ! attack is mo/ly made ) pieces1 :ile 9 close or irregul> games ! pawns are pu%$ =w>d1 & ! pieces are po/$ beh9d !m 9 /rategical positions1 & only come into action aft] ! dispositions ( ! plan ( campaign are matur$4 ,any attempt at full treatm5t at ! ,close ,games w\ld !re=e be out ( place 9 an elem5t>y treatise4 ,! ,fr5* ,def5ce & ! ,sicilian ,def5ce are1 h[ev]1 exceptions4 ,!y are v frequ5tly play$4 ,to ^!1 !re=e1 x w be necess>y to devote special att5tion4 #djf ,,! ,,fr5* ,,def5ce4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #c ,?is move ( ,black con/itutes ! ,fr5* ,def5ce4 ,x gives a safe b dull game1 ) ! exception ( a few v>iations4 ,! game may cont9ue z foll[s3 #b4 ,p to ,q #d #b4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,p to ,k #e #c4 ,p to ,q ,b #d ,to prev5t ! e/abli%m5t ( a c5tre4 ,x may be tak5 z a pr9ciple--always try to prev5t or break ! =mation ( a c5tre4 #d4 ,p to ,q ,b #c #d4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #e4 ,p to ,k ,b #d 444 ,9 anticipation ( ,black's probable #e4 444 ,q to ,kt #c1 :5 ,:ite w\ld h to develop 8 ,k ,kt4 444 #e4 ,q to ,kt #c #f4 ,kt to ,b #c #f4 ,b to ,q #b #g4 ,p to ,q ,kt #c 444 ,9 ord] to play 8 ,bi%op to ,k #c1 :i* he _c d n[1 because ! ,kt ,p w\ld be en prise4 444 #g4 ,r to ,b sq4 #h4 ,b to ,k #c #h4 ,kt to ,r #c #i4 ,b to ,q #c 444 ,to prev5t #i4 444 ,kt to ,b #d1 attack+ ,bi%op & ,que5's ,pawn4 #i4 444 ,kt to ,k ,kt #e w\ld be loss ( "t1 z ,:ite w\ld play #aj4 ,b to ,kt sq41 & !n drive ! ,knight back4 #djg 444 #i4 ,p takes ,p #aj4 ,p takes ,p #aj4 ,kt to ,q ,kt #e #aa4 ,p to ,k ,r #c 444 ,! ,:ite ,bi%op _c move1 because ( ,kt to ,b #g3 *41 & if #aa4 ,ca/les1 ,black w\ld w9 ! ex*ange ) #aa4 444 ,kt takes ,b2 #ab4 ,q takes ,kt1 ,b to ,kt #d4 444 #aa4 ,kt takes ,b3 *4 #ab4 ,q takes ,kt #ab4 ,b to ,kt #e3 *4 #ac4 ,k to ,b #b 7or ,q ,kt to ,q #b7 444 ,) a v good game = ,black4 ,,second ,,v>iation4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k #c #b4 ,p to ,q #d #b4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #d4 ,p to ,k #e ,p to ,k #e on ,:ite's ?ird move hav+ be5 f\nd unsatisfactory1 ! modifi$ =m "h giv5 is n[ fa%ionable4 444 #d4 ,k ,kt to ,q #b #e4 ,p to ,b #d #e4 ,p to ,q ,b #d ,aga9 ! attempt to break ! c5tre4 #f4 ,p takes ,p #f4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,z ! pawn _c be def5d$1 ,black utilises 8 "t by br++ an additional piece into play4 #g4 ,kt to ,b #c #g4 ,b takes ,p #h4 ,b to ,q #c #h4 ,p to ,b #c ,aga9 an attack ^u ! c5tre4 #djh #i4 ,p takes ,p #i4 ,kt takes ,p #aj4 ,q to ,k #b #aj4 ,ca/les #aa4 ,p to ,q ,r #c #aa4 ,p to ,q ,r #c ,! game is s f> ev54 ,,! ,,sicilian ,,def5ce4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,q ,b #d ,?is move ( ,black con/itutes ! ,sicilian ,def5ce1 its ma9 object be+ to prev5t ,:ite f e/abli%+ a c5tre4 #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c #b4 ,kt to ,q ,b #c ,:ite might also play #b4 ,b to ,b #d1 or #b4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c2 ! developm5t ( ! ,q ,kt is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally adopt$4 #c4 ,kt to ,b #c #c4 ,p to ,k #c #d4 ,p to ,q #d #d4 ,p takes ,p #e4 ,kt takes ,p #e4 ,kt to ,b #c #f4 ,kt 7,q #d7 to ,kt #e #f4 ,b to ,kt #e #g4 ,p to ,k ,r #c #g4 ,b takes ,kt3 *4 #h4 ,kt takes ,b #h4 ,p to ,q #d ,black rema9s ) an isolat$ ,que5's pawn aft] ! ex*anges :i* foll[2 b z 9 mo/ =ms ( ! ,sicilian ,def5ce1 ,black's ,que5's pawn is weak1 ! position aris+ f ,black's text-move is n inf]ior to any o!r he c obta94 #i4 ,p takes ,p #i4 ,kt takes ,p #aj4 ,kt takes ,kt #aj4 ,q takes ,kt #aa4 ,q takes ,q #aa4 ,p takes ,q #ab4 ,b to ,k ,b #d #ab4 ,ca/les #ac4 ,ca/les #ac4 ,b to ,k #c ,ev5 game4 #dji ,,! ,,que5',s ,,gambit4 ,! ,que5's ,gambit1 #a4 ,p to ,q #d1 ,p to ,q #d2 #b4 ,p to ,q ,b #d1 ,p takes ,p2 #c4 ,p to ,k #c1 or #c4 ,p to ,k #d1 or #c4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c1 c41 is r>ely play$1 because ! ,gambit pawn _c1 z 9 ! ,k+'s ,gambit1 be def5d$ by ,black ) ! ,knight's pawn2 !re=e ! (f]$ ,gambit is usually decl9$ 7say1 by #b4 444 ,p to ,k #c71 & ! games take ! =m ( close op5+s4 ,! ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$ is a v popul> ,op5+ 9 t\rnam5ts4 ,,! ,,fian*etto4#aje ,! ,fian*etto takes v>i\s =m--viz41 ! ,k+'s ,fian*etto1 :]e9 ,:ite comm5ces ) #a4 ,p to ,k ,kt #c1 & #b4 ,b to ,kt #b2 & ! ,que5's ,fian*etto1 :]e ,:ite plays #a4 ,p to ,q ,kt #c1 & #b4 ,b to ,kt #b2 ! ,k+'s ,fian*etto ,def5ce1 :]e ,black def5ds ) #a4 444 ,p to ,k ,kt #c1 & #b4 444 ,b to ,kt #b2 & ! ,que5's ,fian*etto ,def5ce1 :]e ,black def5ds ) #a4 444 ,p to ,q ,kt #c1 & #b4 444 ,b to ,kt #b4 ,! ,d\ble ,fian*etto is :]e ei!r ,:ite or ,black develops bo? ,bi%ops at ,kt #b4 ,! %ape ( ,:ite's developm5t aga9/ ei!r ,fian*etto def5ce %\ld be z "u3 #daj ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,p to ,k #d #a4 ,p to ,k ,kt #c #b4 ,p to ,k ,b #d #b4 ,p to ,k #c #c4 ,p to ,q #d #c4 ,b to ,kt #b #d4 ,kt to ,k ,b #c #d4 ,p to ,kt #c #e4 ,p to ,b #c #e4 ,b to ,kt #b #f4 ,b to ,q #c #f4 ,kt to ,k #b #g4 ,b to ,k #c #g4 ,p to ,q #d #h4 ,p to ,k #e #h4 ,kt to ,q #b #i4 ,q ,kt to ,q #b1 c4 ,all k9dr$ ,op5+s %\ld be treat$ aft] ?is mann]--viz41 ! oppos+ play] %\ld aim at ! =mation ( a /rong c5tre1 s z to close ! diagonal occupi$ by ! ,bi%op4 ,,! ,,end ,,game4 ,z be=e /at$1 ! game ( ,*ess consi/s ( ?ree p>ts3 ,! ,,op5+1 i4e41 ! /rategical disposition ( ! =ces2 ! ,,middle ,,game1 i4e41 ! campaign1 & ! ,,end ,,game4 ,! ,middle "p ( ! game comm5ces :]e ! ,op5+ ceases1 & "h ! play] is ?r[n ^u 8 own res\rces4 ,! ,end ,game comm5ces :]e ! ,middle ,game ceases1 & ?is latt] /age ( ! game is a /udy 9 itself4 ,9 ! majority ( cases ! treatm5t ( ! ,end ,game is a matt] ( intuition4 ,! /ud5t may1 h[ev]1 be assi/$ by ! k ( g5]al pr9ciples1 & by famili>ity ) c]ta9 /&>d positions1 :i* frequ5tly occur 9 practice4 ,examples ( ^! positions1 & ! me?ods ( deal+ ) !m1 w be giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,,k+ ,,& ,,pawn ,,aga9/ ,,k+4 #daa ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,r --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,q --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,p ,k --------------------------------------- ,r --------------------------------------- ,q ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,black ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,draw4 ,9 ! majority ( games1 ei!r "o or ! o!r play] rema9s at ! close ) a pawn1 :i* has to be que5$4 ,fig4 #ac illu/rates an end+ 9 :i* ,:ite is a pawn ahead1 & if he _h ! move1 w\ld w9 ) #a4 ,r to ,r #b1 *eckmate4 ,x be+1 h[ev]1 ,black's turn to move1 he is able to ex*ange bo? ,que5 & ,rook1 & if he c /op ,:ite's pawn f rea*+ ! #h? squ>e & becom+ a ,que51 he may draw ! game4 ,!re #dab is a simple me?od ( asc]ta9+ ?is at a glance )\t calculation 7by means ( ! imag9>y squ>e depict$ 9 ,fig4 #ad74 ,black =ces ! ex*ange ( pieces ?us3 #dac ,,:ite4 ,,black4 444 #a4 ,q to ,b #c3 *4 #b4 ,q to ,kt #b3 *4 #b4 ,q takes ,q3 *4 #c4 ,r takes ,q #c4 ,r to ,r #h3 *4 #d4 ,r to ,kt sq4 #d4 ,r takes ,r3 *4 #e4 ,k takes ,r 444 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ,p------------------ ,k --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,black ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,draw4 ,produc+ ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad2 & ,black draws2 = ! ,black ,k+ c rea* ! pawn be=e ! ,:ite ,k+ c approa* to def5d x4 ,consequ5tly ,:ite c only advance ! pawn2 b ! ,black ,k+ w be able to /op x f que5+1 = 8 next move w br+ him )9 #dad ! squ>e 7indicat$ above7 9 :i* ! pawn /&s1 & 9 su* case he c always ov]take x4 ,?us-- ,,:ite4 ,,black4 444 #e4 ,k to ,kt #f #f4 ,p to ,kt #d #f4 ,k to ,b #e #g4 ,p to ,kt #e #g4 ,k to ,k #d #h4 ,p to ,kt #f #h4 ,k to ,q #c #i4 ,p to ,kt #g #i4 ,k to ,b #b ,& ! pawn is lo/4 ,x w be se5 t ! ,black ,k+ rema9s ) e move )9 ! squ>e ( ! pawn4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- ,p --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,:ite ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,fig4 #ae illu/rates a position 9 :i* ! pawn c be support$ by ! ,k+4 ,"h if ,:ite 7 at once to advance ! pawn1 ! ,black ,k+ w\ld move )9 ! squ>e ( ! pawn & capture x4 ,!re=e ! ,k+ mu/ g to protect x4 #a4 ,k to ,q #b #a4 ,k to ,b #e #b4 ,k to ,k #c #b4 ,k to ,q #d #c4 ,k to ,b #d #c4 ,k to ,k #c #d4 ,k to ,kt #e #d4 ,k to ,b #b #e4 ,k to ,r #f #e4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #f4 ,p to ,kt #d #f4 ,k to ,r sq4 #g4 ,p to ,kt #e #g4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #h4 ,k to ,kt #f #h4 ,k to ,r sq4 #i4 ,k to ,b #g 444 ,if ,black _h play$ #h4 444 ,k to ,b sq41 ,:ite w\ld h play$ #i4 ,k to ,r #g4 444 #i4 ,k to ,r #b #aj4 ,p to ,kt #f3 *4 ,& ! pawn _c be prev5t$ f que5+4 #dae ,,k+ ,,& ,,que5 ,,aga9/ ,,k+4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k ,q --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #af4 ,! position be+ z 9 ,fig4 #af1 ! %orte/ way to *eckmate ! ,black ,k+ is z giv5 bel[3 #daf ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,k to ,kt #b #a4 ,k to ,q #d #b4 ,k to ,b #c #b4 ,k to ,k #d #c4 ,q to ,k ,kt #f #c4 ,k to ,b #e #d4 ,k to ,q #d #d4 ,k to ,b #f #e4 ,q to ,kt #e #e4 ,k to ,b #g #f4 ,q to ,kt #d #f4 ,k to ,k #h #g4 ,k to ,k #c #g4 ,k to ,b #h #h4 ,q to ,kt #g 444 ,n #h4 ,q to ,kt #c1 because ,black w\ld !n be /alemate1 a cont+5cy :i* ,:ite mu/ c>efully gu>d aga9/ 9 simil> positions4 444 #h4 ,k to ,k #h #i4 ,q mates at ,kt sq4 or ,r sq4 #dag ,,two ,,rooks ,,& ,,k+ ,,aga9/ ,,k+4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k ,r ,r --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,fig4 #ag %[s ! mo/ unfav\rable position = ,:ite's two ,rooks4 ,! %orte/ way to *eckmate ! ,black ,k+ is z foll[s3 #dah ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,r to ,k sq4 #a4 ,k to ,q #e #b4 ,r 7,kt sq47 to ,q sq43 *4 #b4 ,k to ,b #f #c4 ,r to ,k #b #c4 ,k to ,b #d4 ,r to ,b #b3 *4 #d4 ,k to ,kt #f #e4 ,r to ,b #h #e4 ,k to ,r #f #f4 ,r to ,q ,kt sq4 #f4 ,k to ,r #e #g4 ,r to ,r #h1 mate4 ,,k+ ,,& ,,rook ,,aga9/ ,,k+4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,r --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,fig4 #ah repres5ts ! mo/ unfav\rable position = ,:ite4 ,! %orte/ way to *eckmate ! ,black ,k+ is-- ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,k to ,b #d #a4 ,k to ,k #e #b4 ,r to ,k sq43 *4 #b4 ,k to ,b #d #c4 ,k to ,q #d #c4 ,k to ,b #e #d4 ,r to ,b sq43 *4 #d4 ,k to ,kt #d #e4 ,k to ,k #d 444 ,x w be notic$ t ! ,:ite ,k+ always approa*es at ! di/ance ( a ,knight's move1 :il/ ! ,black ,k+ moves ei!r on diagonals1 or takes ! opposition to ! ,:ite ,k+4 444 #e4 ,k to ,kt #c #f4 ,k to ,k #e #f4 ,k to ,kt #d #g4 ,r to ,kt sq43 *4 #g4 ,k to ,r #e #h4 ,k to ,b #e #h4 ,k to ,r #f #i4 ,k to ,b #d #i4 ,k to ,r #g #aj4 ,r to ,kt #c #aj4 ,k to ,r #h #aa4 ,k to ,b #c #aa4 ,k to ,r #g #ab4 ,k to ,b #b #ab4 ,k to ,r #h #ac4 ,r to ,r #c1 mate4 ,n4,b4--,! ,rook c only *eckmate on an out] r[ or file ( ! bo>d4 #dai ,,k+ ,,& ,,two ,,bi%ops ,,aga9/ ,,k+4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k ,b ,b --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,:ite ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,to *eckmate ) two ,bi%ops is comp>atively easy4 ,fig4 #ai illu/rates ! mo/ unfav\rable position = ,:ite1 & ! solution giv5 is ! %orte/ atta9able4 #dbj ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,b to ,q sq4 #a4 ,k to ,k #f #b4 ,k to ,kt #b #b4 ,k to ,q #g #c4 ,b to ,q ,b #b #c4 ,k to ,k #f #d4 ,k to ,b #c #d4 ,k to ,b #f #e4 ,k to ,q #d #e4 ,k to ,kt #e #f4 ,b to ,k sq4 #f4 ,k to ,b #f #g4 ,b to ,q #c #g4 ,k to ,b #e #h4 ,b to ,k #d #h4 ,k to ,kt #d #i4 ,k to ,k #e #i4 ,k to ,kt #e #aj4 ,b to ,k ,b #b #aj4 ,k to ,kt #d #aa4 ,b to ,k ,b #e #aa4 ,k to ,r #c #ab4 ,k to ,b #f #ab4 ,k to ,r #d #ac4 ,b to ,k #f #ac4 ,k to ,r #c #ad4 ,b to ,kt #d #ad4 ,k to ,r #b #ae4 ,k to ,b #g #ae4 ,k to ,r #c ,:ite mu/ he c>eful n to /alemate ! ,black ,k+4 ,= in/ance1 if ,black 7 to play "h #ae4 444 ,k to ,r sq41 ,:ite c\ld n play #af4 ,b to ,k ,b #e2 b mu/ play #af4 ,b to ,k #c1 ,k to ,r #b2 #ag4 ,b to ,b #e3 *41 ,k to ,r sq42 #ah4 ,b to ,q #d mate4 #af4 ,b to ,k #c3 *4 #af4 ,k to ,r #b #ag4 ,b to ,b #e3 *4 #ag4 ,k to ,r sq4 #ah4 ,b to ,q #d1 *eckmate4 ,,k+1 ,,bi%op1 ,,& ,,knight ,,aga9/ ,,k+4 #dba ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,k ,k ,b --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,kt --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,:ite ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,to *eckmate ) ,bi%op & ,knight is a v difficult process4 ,*eckmate c only be =c$ if ! ,black ,k+ is driv5 to "o ( ! ,rook squ>es ( ! same col\r z ! ,bi%op4 ,9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj ! ,black ,k+ mu/ be driv5 ei!r to ,q ,r sq41 or ,k ,r #h4 ,frequ5tly ! ,bi%op & ,knight are sep>at$ f ! ,:ite ,k+2 9 t case ! ,black ,k+ _c be prev5t$ f mov+ to a ,rook squ>e ( ! opposite col\r to ! ,bi%op4 ,!n ! =ces mu/ be br\ght toge!r to act 9 conc]t ) ! ,:ite ,k+2 :51 by comb9$ action1 ! ,black ,k+ c be =c$ on to a corn] squ>e ( ! same col\r z ,:ite's ,bi%op1 & *eckmat$ z %[n 9 ! app5d$ solution4 ,mate c be =c$ 9 ! mo/ #dbb unfav\rable position 7see ,fig4 #bj7 9 ab\t ?irty or ?irty-"o moves4 ,,:ite4 ,,black4 #a4 ,kt to ,kt #c3 *4 #a4 ,k to ,b #c ,if #a4 444 ,k to ,b #e2 !n #b4 ,b to ,q sq41 ,k to ,b #f2 #c4 ,k to ,kt #e1 ,k to ,q #f2 #d4 ,k to ,b #e1 ,k to ,k #e2 #e4 ,b to ,b #b3 *41 ,k to ,k #d2 #f4 ,kt to ,q #d1 ,k to ,b #c2 #g4 ,k to ,q #f1 ,k to ,b #b2 #h4 ,kt to ,b #c1 ,k to ,b #c2 #i4 ,kt to ,k #e1 ,k to ,kt #b2 #aj4 ,k to ,k #f1 & ! ,k+ is gradually =c$ on to ! la/ r[4 #b4 ,k to ,kt #d #b4 ,k to ,q #d #c4 ,b to ,b #c3 *4 #c4 ,k to ,q #c #d4 ,kt to ,q #d #d4 ,k to ,k #d #e4 ,k to ,b #e #e4 ,k to ,b #c #f4 ,k to ,q #e #f4 ,k to ,b #b #g4 ,kt to ,b #e #g4 ,k to ,b #c #h4 ,kt to ,q #f #h4 ,k to ,kt #c #i4 ,k to ,k #e #i4 ,k to ,kt #b #aj4 ,b to ,k #d #aj4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #aa4 ,k to ,b #f #aa4 ,k to ,r sq4 ,! ,k+ is n[ on ! ,rook squ>e ( opposite col\r to ! ,bi%op1 & mu/ be driv5 to ,k ,r #h1 or ,q ,r squ>e1 9 ord] to be *eckmat$4 #ab4 ,kt to ,b #g3 *4 #ab4 ,k to ,kt sq4 #ac4 ,b to ,b #e 444 ,purposely los+ a move 7c\p de repos72 x is immat]ial :]e ! ,bi%op moves to s long z x rema9s on ! same diagonal1 ! object be+ to =ce ,black to move1 )\t alt]+ ,:ite's position4 444 #ac4 ,k to ,b sq4 #ad4 ,b to ,r #g 444 ,to prev5t ! ,k+ f return+ to ,kt sq4 if ! ,kt moves4 #dbc 444 #ad4 ,k to ,k sq4 #ae4 ,kt to ,k #e #ae4 ,k to ,q sq4 #af4 ,b to ,k #d #af4 ,k to ,b #b #ag4 ,kt to ,b #d 444 ,! ,black ,k+ is n[ gradually =c$ on to ! fatal ,:ite corn]4 444 #ag4 ,k to ,q #b #ah4 ,k to ,b #g #ah4 ,k to ,q sq4 #ai4 ,b to ,b #f #ai4 ,k to ,b #b #bj4 ,b to ,kt #e 444 ,n to ,r #d1 because at ,kt #e ! ,bi%op gu>ds ! additional squ>e ,r #f4 444 #bj4 ,k to ,q sq4 #ba4 ,k to ,k #f #ba4 ,k to ,b sq4 #bb4 ,k to ,q #f #bb4 ,k to ,q sq4 #bc4 ,kt to ,r #e #bc4 ,k to ,b sq4 #bd4 ,b to ,q #g3 *4 #bd4 ,k to ,kt sq4 ,if #bd4 444 ,k to ,q sq41 !n #be4 ,kt to ,b #f1 *eckmate4 #be4 ,k to ,b #f #be4 ,k to ,r #b #bf4 ,kt to ,b #d #bf4 ,k to ,r #c #bg4 ,k to ,b #g #bg4 ,k to ,r #b #bh4 ,b to ,b #h #bh4 ,k to ,r sq4 #bi4 ,kt to ,r #e #bi4 ,k to ,r #b #cj4 ,kt to ,b #f3 *4 #cj4 ,k to ,r sq4 #ca4 ,b to ,kt #g1 *eckmate4 ,,end ,,game ,,) ,,two ,,knights4 ,) two ,knights alone no mate c be =c$1 except ?r\gh incorrect play on ! "p ( ! def5ce4 ,consequ5tly ! rema9+ ) two #dbd ,knights %\ld be avoid$4 ,if ! play] has ! option to *ange (f pieces1 he %\ld keep ,bi%op & ,knight r ?an two ,knights4 ,,g5]al ,,obs]vations4 ,a good sy/em = ! /ud5t is to practise "o ,op5+ only1 attack & def5ce alt]nately1 till x is ?or\ghly well ma/]$1 & s on ) e o!r ,op5+4 ,! /ud5t %\ld n get into ! habit ( play+ ) "o col\r only1 or he w f9d himself at a disadvantage :5 he _c h 8 fav\rite col\r4 ,he mu/ n make a move )\t c>efully weigh+ ! possible replies4 ,if he f9ds a good move1 let him /ill try to f9d a bett] "o4 ,:5 8 oppon5t makes a move1 he mu/ try to discov] ! object ( su* move1 :e!r x is imm$iately m5ac+1 or only indirectly s4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 a suitable def5ce mu/ be f\nd2 9 ! latt] case1 he may pr(it by ! respite to br+ a piece into play4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple is to develop ! pieces quickly1 & nev] to comm5ce an attack ) insuffici5t =ces4 ,if a play] is able to br+ m pieces into play ?an 8 oppon5t1 x is obvi\s t he mu/ be /rong]4 ,! ,op5+ correctly play$ is frequ5tly half ! battle won4 ,avoid useless *ecks4 ,avoid useless ex*anges4 ,be> 9 m9d t x is disadvantage\s to be left ) two ,knights only1 z mate _c be giv5 ) !m4 ,if ! play] has ! bett] game1 he %\ld avoid rema9+ ) a ,bi%op ( diff]5t col\r f a l piece ( 8 oppon5t1 z ,bi%ops ( diff]5t col\r frequ5tly lead to a draw4 #dbe ,! /ud5t %\ld fur!r accu/om himself to an elegant /yle ( play--viz41 /rictly to adh]e to ! laws ( ! game2 nev] to take back a move2 nev] to t\* a man until he has det]m9$ :]e to move x2 & to move 8 pieces quietly4 ,,bibliography ,,( ,,*ess4 ,! lit]ature ( *ess is v ext5sive1 b _m ( ! be/ works w\ld be practically useless to a beg9n]1 z too advanc$ = 8 capabilities4 ,any ( ! works m5tion$ next bel[ may be /udi$ ) advantage by ! le>n]4 ,,*ess#ajf 7,oval ,s]ies74 ,by ,l4 ,h(f]4 ,r\tl$ge1 #as4 ,,common ,,s5se ,,9 ,,*ess4 ,by ,e4 ,lask]4 ,bellairs ,co4 #bs4 #f;d4 nett4 ,,*ess4 ,by ,r4 ,f4 ,gre54 ,bell ,sons4 #as4 ,,! ,,*ess-,,play]',s ,,m5tor4 ,by ,f4 ,j4 ,lee & ,g4 ,h4 ,d4 ,gossip4 ,w>d ,d[ney4 #as4 ,,! ,,*ess-,,play]',s ,,vade ,,mecum4 ,by ,g4 ,h4 ,d4 ,gossip4 ,w>d ,d[ney4 #as4 ,,! ,,*ess ,,op5+s4 ,by ,i4 ,gunsb]g4 ,bell ,sons1 #as4 ,,! ,,*ess-,,play]',s ,,pocket ,,book4 ,by ,james ,mortim]4 ,sampson ,l[ ,co4 #as4 ,,six ,,practical ,,*ess ,,op5+s4 ,anon4 ,briti% ,*ess ,company4 #f;d4 ,,six ,,*ess ,,lessons ,,= ,,junior ,,play]s4 ,by ,s4 ,t9sley4 ,briti% ,*ess ,company4 #f;d4 ,,fifty ,,pawn ,,puzzles4 ,anon4 ,briti% ,*ess ,company4 #d;d4 ,to m advanc$ play]s may be recomm5d$1 9 addition-- ,,! ,,*ess-,,play]',s ,,h&book4 ,by ,h[>d ,/aunton4 ,bell ,sons4 #es4 #dbf ,,! ,,*ess-,,play]',s ,,companion4 ,by ,h[>d ,/aunton4 ,bell ,sons4 #es4 ,,morphy',s ,,games ,,( ,,*ess4 ,by ,j4 ,l[5?al4 ,bell & ,sons4 #es4 ,,*ess ,,op5+s1 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n4 ,by ,e4 ,freebor\gh & ,c4 ,e4 ,rank54 ,kegan ,paul ,co4 #hs4 ,,*ess ,,end+s4 ,by ,e4 ,freebor\gh4 ,kegan ,paul ,co4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,select ,,*ess ,,end-,,games4 ,by ,e4 ,freebor\gh4 ,kegan ,paul ,co4 #as4 #f;d4 nett4 ,,*ess ,,/udies ,,& ,,end ,,games4 ,by ,j4 ,kl+ & ,b4 ,horwitz4 ,bell ,sons4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,*ess ,,op5+s4 ,by ,william ,cook4 ,simpk91 ,m>%all ,co4 #ds4 ,,! ,,*ess-,,play]',s ,,manual4 ,by ,g4 ,h4 ,d4 ,gossip4 ,r\tl$ge4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,*ess4 ,by ,james ,mason4 ,horace ,cox4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,*ess4 ,by ,james ,mason4 ,horace ,cox4 #es4 nett4 ,,*ess ,,op5+s4 ,by ,james ,mason4 ,horace ,cox4 #bs4 net4 ,,*ess ,,ma/]pieces4 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,bird4 ,dean ,sons4 #cs4 ,,*ess ,,practice4 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,bird4 ,sampson ,l[ ,co4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,*ess ,,novelties4 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,bird4 ,w>ne ,co4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,mod]n ,,*ess ,,brilliancies4 ,by ,g4 ,h4 ,d4 ,gossip4 ,w>d ,d[ney4 #as4 ,,! ,,ha/+s ,,*ess ,,t\rnam5t ,,book 7#ahie74 ,edit$ by ,horace ,*e%ire4 ,*atto ,w9dus4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 99 99 99 99 99 #dbg ,,draughts4 ,9 fri5dly cont5tion1 ! old m5 ,laugh$ at ea* lucky hit or unsuccessful manoeuvre-- ,laugh$ :5 a man 0 cr[n$1 or a brea* 0 made 9 ! k+-r[4 ,,longfell[--,evangel9e4 ,! game ( ,draughts is play$ on a bo>d ( sixty-f\r squ>es ( alt]nate col\rs1 & ) tw5ty-f\r pieces1 call$ m5 7twelve on ea* side71 also ( opposite col\rs4 ,x is play$ by two p]sons2 ! "o hav+ ! twelve black or r$ pieces is te*nically said to be play+ ! fir/ side1 & ! o!r1 hav+ ! twelve :ite1 to be play+ ! second side4 ,ea* play] endeav\rs to conf9e ! pieces ( ! o!r 9 situations :]e !y _c be play$1 or bo? to capture & fix1 s t none c be play$2 ! p]son ^: side is br\ght to ?is /ate loses ! game4 ,! ess5tial rules ( ! game are z "u-- ,! bo>d %all be s plac$ t ! bottom corn] squ>e on ! left h& %all be black4 ,! m5 %all be plac$ on ! black squ>es4#ajg #dbh ,! black m5 %all be plac$ ^u ! suppos$ fir/ twelve squ>es ( ! bo>d2 ! :ite ^u ! la/ twelve squ>es4 ,ea* play] %all play alt]nately ) black & :ite m54 ,lots %all be ca/ = ! col\r at ! comm5cem5t ( a mat*1 ! w9n] to h ! *oice ( tak+ black or :ite4 ,! fir/ move mu/ inv>iably be made by ! p]son hav+ ! black m54 ,at ! end ( five m9utes ,"t may be call$2 & if ! move be n complet$ on ! expiry ( ano!r m9ute1 ! game %all be adjudg$ lo/ ?r\gh improp] delay4 ,:5 !re is only "o way ( tak+ "o or m pieces1 ,"t %all be call$ at ! end ( "o m9ute2 & if ! move be n complet$ on ! expiry ( ano!r m9ute1 ! game %all be adjudg$ lo/ ?r\gh improp] delay4 ,aft] ! fir/ move has be5 made1 if ei!r play] arrange any piece )\t giv+ intimation to 8 oppon5t1 he %all =feit ! game2 b1 if x is 8 turn to play1 he may avoid ! p5alty by play+ t piece1 if possible4 ,aft] ! pieces h be5 arrang$1 if ! p]son ^: turn x is to play t\* "o1 he mu/ ei!r play t piece or =feit ! game4 ,:5 ! piece is n playable1 he is p5alis$ accord+ to ! prec$+ law4 ,if any "p ( a playable piece be play$ ov] an #dbi angle ( ! squ>e on :i* x is /ation$1 ! play mu/ be complet$ 9 t direction4 ,a captur+ play1 z well z an ord9>y "o1 is complet$ ! mom5t ! h& is )drawn f ! piece play$1 ev5 ?\gh two or m pieces %\ld h be5 tak54 ,:5 tak+1 if a play] remove "o ( 8 own pieces1 he _c replace x1 b 8 oppon5t c ei!r play or insi/ on 8 replac+ x4 ,ei!r play] mak+ a false or improp] move %all =feit ! game to 8 oppon5t1 )\t ano!r move be+ made4 ,! ,huff or ,bl[ is1 be=e "o plays 8 own piece1 to remove f ! bo>d any ( ! adv]se pieces t might or %\ld h tak54 ,! ,huff does n con/itute a move4 ,! play] has ! p[] ei!r to huff1 compel ! take1 or to let ! piece rema9 on ! bo>d1 z he ?9ks prop]4#ajh ,:5 a man fir/ rea*es any ( ! squ>es on ! opposite extreme l9e ( ! bo>d1 x becomes a ,k+4 ,x mu/ be cr[n$ 7by plac+ a man ( ! same col\r on ! top ( x7 by ! oppon5t1 & c aft]w>ds be mov$ backw>ds or =w>ds z ! limits ( ! bo>d p]mit4 ,a ,draw is :5 nei!r ( ! play]s c =ce a w94 ,:5 "o ( ! sides appe>s /rong] ?an ! o!r1 ! /rong] p>ty may be requir$ to #dcj complete ! w91 or to %[ a decid$ advantage ov] 8 oppon5t )9 =ty ( 8 own moves--c\nt$ f ! po9t at :i* notice 0 giv5--fail+ 9 :i*1 he mu/ rel9qui% ! game z a draw4 ,:ite4 --------------------------------------- ,w ,w ,w ,w --------------------------------------- ,w ,w ,w ,w --------------------------------------- ,w ,w ,w ,w --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,b ,b ,b ,b --------------------------------------- ,b ,b ,b ,b --------------------------------------- ,b ,b ,b ,b --------------------------------------- ,black4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,! above diagram 7,fig4 #a7 %[s ! bo>d set = play1 & ,fig4 #b %[s ! draught-bo>d numb]$ = ! purpose ( record+ moves4 #dca ,:ite4 --------------------------------------- #cb #ca #cj #bi --------------------------------------- #bh #bg #bf #be --------------------------------------- #bd #bc #bb #ba --------------------------------------- #bj #ai #ah #ag --------------------------------------- #af #ae #ad #ac --------------------------------------- #ab #aa #aj #i --------------------------------------- #h #g #f #e --------------------------------------- #d #c #b #a --------------------------------------- ,black4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,! m5 be+ plac$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 ! game is begun by ea* play] mov+ alt]nately "o ( 8 m5 along ! diagonal on :i* x is situat$4 ,! m5 c only move =w>d ei!r to "r or left "o squ>e at a "t1 unless !y h atta9$ "o ( ! f\r squ>es on ! extreme fur!r side ( ! bo>d 7te*nically t]m$ ! cr[n-head74 ,?is done1 !y become ,k+s1 & c move ei!r =w>d or backw>d4 ,! #dcb pieces take 9 ! direction !y move1 by leap+ ov] any oppos+ man t may be imm$iately contigu\s1 provid$ !re be a vacant squ>e beh9d x4 ,if sev]al m5 %\ld be expos$ by hav+ op5 spaces beh9d !m alt]nately1 !y may be all tak5 at "o capture1 & ! captur+ piece is !n plac$ on ! squ>e beyond ! la/ man4 ,to expla9 ! mode ( captur+ by a practical illu/ration1 let u beg9 by plac+ ! m5 z = a game4 ,y w p]ceive t ,black1 :o always plays fir/1 c only move "o ( ! m5 plac$ on #i1 #aj1 #aa1 or #ab2 suppos+ him1 !n1 to play ! man on #aa to #ae1 & ,:ite to answ] ?is by play+ #bb to #ah1 ,black c take ! :ite man on #ah by leap+ f #ae to #bb1 & remov+ ! captur$ piece f ! bo>d4 ,%\ld ,black n take ! man on #ah1 b make ano!r move--say #ab to #af1 = in/ance--he is liable to be huff$2 t is1 ,:ite may remove ! man 7t on #ae7 ) :i* ,black %\ld h tak51 (f ! bo>d = n tak+4 ,:5 "o p>ty huffs ! o!r 9 pref]5ce to compell+ ! take1 he does n replace ! piece 8 oppon5t mov$1 b simply removes ! man huff$ f ! bo>d1 & !n plays 8 own move4 ,,g5]al ,,advice4 ,x is g5]ally bett] to keep y\r m5 9 ! middle ( ! bo>d ?an to play !m to ! side squ>es1 z 9 ! latt] case "o-half ( _! p[] is curtail$4 ,:5 y h once ga9$ an advantage 9 ! numb] ( y\r pieces1 y increase ! proportion by ex*anges1 b 9 =c+ !m y mu/ take c>e n to damage y\r position4 ,op5 y\r game #dcc at all times ^u a regul> plan2 by s do+ y w acquire me?od 9 bo? attack & def5ce4 ,accu/om y\rself to play sl[ly at fir/1 &1 if a beg9n]1 pref] play+ ) bett] play]s ?an y\rself4 ,note _! me?ods ( op5+ a game1 & foll[ !m :5 opportunity pres5ts itself4 ,if play+ aga9/ an inf]ior1 x is z well to keep ! game complicat$2 if ) a sup]ior1 to simplify x4 ,avoid scatt]+ y\r =ces2 z !y get few]1 conc5trate !m z mu* z possible4 ,nev] t\* ! squ>es ( ! bo>d ) y\r f+]s2 & accu/om y\rself to play y\r move (f-h&1 :5 y h once made up y\r m9d4 ,d n lose "t 9 /udy+ :5 y h only "o way ( tak+1 b take quickly4 ,pay q z mu* att5tion to ! probable plans ( y\r adv]s>y z to y\r own4 ,rememb] t ! sci5ce ( ! game consi/s 9 s mov+ y\r pieces at ! comm5cem5t z to obta9 a position :i* w compel y\r adv]s>y to give 8 m5 away4 ,"o man ahead ) a cle> game %\ld be a c]ta9 w94 ,9 conclusion1 ! /ud5t is /rongly advis$ to /udy & ma/] ! !ory & practice ( ! play embrac$ 9 ! ,fir/1 ,second1 ,?ird1 & ,f\r? ,positions 7see po/74 ,^! end+s1 9 diff]5t =ms1 are ( v frequ5t occurr5ce1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly ma/]$4 ,,! ,,names ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,op5+s ,,& ,,h[ ,,=m$4 #a4 ,! ,ayr%ire ,lassie is =m$ by ! fir/ f\r moves 7c\nt+ ! play on bo? sides73 #aa to #ae1 #bd to #bj1 #h to #aa1 #bh to #bd4 #dcd #b4 ,! ,bri/ol is =m$ by ! fir/ ?ree moves3 #aa to #af1 #bd to #bj1 #af to #ai4 ,x 0 s nam$ 9 complim5t to ! play]s ( t city = s]vices r5d]$ to ! late ,&rew ,&]son1 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( ! game4 #c4 ,! ,cross is =m$ by ! fir/ two moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ah4 ,x is s nam$ because ! second move is play$ across ! direction ( ! fir/4 #d4 ,! ,defiance is =m$ by ! fir/ f\r moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #i to #ad1 #bg to #bc4 ,x is s nam$ because x defies or prev5ts ! =mation ( ! ,fife game4 #e4 ,! ,dyke is =m$ by ! fir/ ?ree moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bb to #ag1 #ae to #ai4 #f4 ,! ,fife is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #i to #ad1 #bb to #ag1 #e to #i4 ,x has be5 s call$ s9ce #ahdg1 :5 ,wyllie1 hail+ f ,fife%ire1 play$ x aga9/ ,&]son4 #g4 ,! ,glasg[ is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #h to #aa1 #bb to #ag1 #aa to #af4 ,x has be5 kn[n by ?is "n s9ce ,s9clair1 ( ,glasg[1 play$ x aga9/ ,&]son at a mat* 9 #ahbh4 #h4 ,! ,laird & ,lady is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #h to #aa1 #bb to #ag1 #i to #ac4 ,x 0 s call$ f its hav+ be5 ! fav\rite op5+ ( ,laird & ,lady ,ca!r ,cambusne?an1 ,lan>k%ire4 #i4 ,! ,maid ( ! ,mill is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bb to #ag1 #h to #aa1 #ag to #ac1 #ae to #ah4 ,x 0 s nam$ 9 complim5t to a mill]'s daught]1 :o 0 an excell5t play]1 & p>tial to ?is op5+4 #dce #aj4 ,! ,old ,f\rte5? is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #h to #aa1 #bb to #ag1d to #h4 ,x 0 s nam$ ?r\gh be+ famili> to play]s z ! f\rte5? game 9 ,jo%ua ,/urge's ,guide to ! ,game ( ,draughts1 publi%$ 9 #ahjj1 :i* = _m ye>s 0 ! lead+ au?ority on ! game4 #aa4 ,! ,second ,d\ble ,corn] is =m$ by ! fir/ two moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bd to #ai4 ,x is s nam$ because ! fir/ move ( ! second play] is f ! "o d\ble corn] t[>ds ! o!r4 #ab4 ,! ,s+le ,corn] is =m$ by ! fir/ two moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bb to #ah4 ,x is s nam$ f ! fact ( ea* ( ^! moves be+ play$ f "o s+le corn] t[>ds ! o!r4 #ac4 ,! ,s\t] is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #i to #ad1 #bb to #ag1 #f to #i4 ,! game 0 s nam$ ow+ to its be+ ! fav\rite ( an old ,paisley %oemak] 7,scottice1 s\t]74 #ad4 ,! ,:ilt] is =m$ by ! fir/ five moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #i to #ad1 #bb to #ag1 #g to #aa4 ,:ilt] or ,:olt]1 9 ,scot*1 signifies an ov]turn+1 or a *ange productive ( confusion4 #ae4 ,! ,w-o'-!-,wisp is =m$ by ! fir/ ?ree moves3 #aa to #ae1 #bc to #ai1 #i to #ac4 ,n4,b4--,! read] %\ld obs]ve1 9 /udy+ ! position foll[+1 t ! numb]+ ( ! squ>es always />ts f ! black side ( ! bo>d1 :e!r black occupy ! upp] or ! l[] r[s4 #dcf ,,end ,,games4 ,,two ,,k+s ,,to ,,"o4 ,position4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,bb --------------------------------------- ,,ww --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,ww --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,:ite ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,to w9 ) two ,k+s aga9/ "o 9 ! d\ble corn] 7see ,fig4 #c7 is (t5 a s\rce ( difficulty to ! le>n]1 & yet1 once kn[n1 no?+ is m simple4 ,! foll[+ %[s h[ to =ce ! w93 #dcg ,solution4 #bb4ah #a4e #a4e #e4i #aj4f #i4ac #aa4ae #e4a #aj4ae #i4f #ad4aj #ac4ag #ah4ad #a4e #ae4ah #f4a #f4a #ag4ac #ae4aj #e4i #ah4bb ,w4 w9s4 ,,?ree ,,k+s ,,to ,,two4 ,?is1 aga91 is a /ate ( ?+s ( v frequ5t occurr5ce1 & ! novice1 ev5 ) ! /rong] game1 may f9d x some:at difficult to deal )4 ,! prop] c\rse = ,:ite is ei!r to p9 "o ( ,black's m51 & !n g = ! o!r1 or to =ce an ex*ange1 s z to be left ) two ,k+s to "o1 :5 ! game1 z we h se51 is a =egone conclusion4 ,to avoid ?is1 ,black naturally endeav\rs to rea* ! two d\ble corn]s1 s z to h 8 m5 z f> ap>t z possible1 & to divide ! attack+ =ce4 ,:]e ,black adopts ^! tactics ! prop] play1 on ! "p ( ,:ite1 is to get 8 ?ree ,k+s 9 a l9e on ! same diagonal z ,black's two4 ,?us1 if ,black is at #cb & #e1 ,:ite mu/ manoeuvre to place 8 m5 ^u squ>es #bc1 #ah & #ad4 ,if ,black occupies #bh & #a1 ,:ite mu/ secure #ai1 #ae & #aj4 ,9 ?is position1 h[ev] ,black may play1 he is compell$1 on ,:ite's next move1 to accept ! (f] ( an ex*ange4 ,:ite has !n two ,k+s to "o1 & ! game is practically at an end4 #dch ,position4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,bb --------------------------------------- ,,ww --------------------------------------- ,,ww --------------------------------------- ,,ww --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,bb --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,:ite ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,,! ,,elem5t>y ,,positions4 ,!re are f\r (t5 recurr+ situations kn[n z ! ,fir/1 ,second1 ,?ird1 & ,f\r? ,positions4 ,x is highly desirable t ! /ud5t %\ld make himself well acqua9t$ ) !m4 #dci ,,fir/ ,,position4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,ww --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,b --------------------------------------- ,b --------------------------------------- ,w --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,black ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 #ddj ,solution4 #bg4cb #f4a #ad4ah #i4ad #h4aa #bb4ah #i4f #a4e #cb4bg #a4f #ah4ae #ad4ag #aa4g #ah4ae #cj4be ,s--#ae4aj #bg4bc #f4a #ae4ah #ag4bb #g4aj #ae4aj #f4aj #aj4ad #bb4bf #a4e #e4a #bb4be ,v4#a--aj4f #aj4f #be4ba #e4a #bf4ca #e4a #a4e #be4bb #f4i #ad4ac #aj4f #a4f #ca4bf #a4e #ah4ae #bb4be #i4f #f4a #ba4ag #f4aj #bf4bb #e4i #e4a #be4bb #f4aj #a4e #f4i #aj4ae #bc4ah #i4ac #ae4ah #bb4be #aj4f #aj4ad #ag4ac #ae4ah #ah4ad #ac4i #ah4ae #be4ba ,b4 w9s4 ,,v>iation #a4 #cj4be #bb4ah #e4i #ae4ah #bc4ah #a4e #aj4ae #i4e #aj4f #ah4ae ,v4#b--i4e #ah4bb #ah4ad #e4a #ae4ah #ag4ad #f4a #ae4aj #e4i #a4f #bf4cj #a4e #a4e #e4a #be4ba #aj4f #i4f #f4b #cj4be #e4a #ah4ae #a4e #a4e #ad4aj #ba4ag #bb4ag #be4bb #a4e #e4a #ad4i #e4a #f4a #f4i ,b4 w9s4 ,,v>iation #b4 #i4ad #ag4ac ,cont9ue z #a4e #a4e trunk at #ba4ag #ad4ag ,s4 #e4a #ae4aj ,b4 w9s4 #dda ,,second ,,position4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- ,b --------------------------------------- ,,bb ,b --------------------------------------- ,,ww ,w --------------------------------------- ,w --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,black ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 #ddb ,solution4 #e4i #bc4ah #ad4aj #aa4ae #bh4bd #ai4bd #i4ad #ah4ad #aj4ae #ae4aa #bd4ai #bd4bh #ad4ah #f4aj #ae4ai #aa4af #ai4bc #bh4cb #ah4ae #aj4ae #ai4bd #af4bj #bc4bg #cb4bh #ae4aa #ae4ai #aa4af #bj4bd #bg4cb #bh4ai #c4g #ai4bd #af4bc #bd4ai #cb4bh #ab4h #g4aj #bd4bg #bc4ah #ai4bc #bh4bd #h4d #aj4ae #bg4cb #ah4ad #bc4bg #bd4bh #d4h #ae4ai #cb4bg #f4a #bg4cb #bh4cb #h4aa #ai4bd #bg4bd #ad4i #cb4bh #cb4bh #ac4f #bd4bg #bd4ai #a4aj #bh4cb #bh4cb #aa4af #bg4ca #ai4ae #aj4ae #cb4bh #cb4bh #af4bj #ca4bg #ae4aj #ae4ai #bh4cb #bh4bd ,b4 w9s4 #bg4bc #aj4f #cb4bh #bd4ai #ddc ,,?ird ,,position4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,b --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,bb ,,ww --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,bb ,,ww --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,black ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,solution4 #ddd #ac4i #ad4ah #aa4ae #bb4ah #e4i #be4bb #i4f #aj4f #bc4bg #ah4bb #i4ac #bb4bf #f4a #f4aj #bg4bd ,v4#a--bb4ah #bf4ca #bf4bb #ba4be #aj4ad #bd4bj ,v4#b--ah4ae #ca4bg #bb4bf #a4f #ah4bb #bj4af #ad4ag #bg4bc #bf4bb #f4b ,v4#c--bb4be #af4ab #ag4ad #b4g #bb4bf #be4bb #be4bb #ab4h #ae4aj #g4aa #bf4bb #bb4bf ,v4#d--bb4be #h4c ,,v>iation #a4 #ad4ah #aj4ae #bf4ca #e4i #cj4bf #ah4bb #ah4bc #ae4ai #ca4bg #a4f #bf4cj #ba4ag #bc4bf #ai4bc #bg4ca #f4aj #bb4bf #i4ad #bf4cj #bc4ah ,b4 w9s4 ,,v>iation #b4 #ad4ag #e4ad #be4ba #e4i #cj4bf #ag4bb ,a--#ag4ba #ad4ah #ba4ag #i4ad ,b4 w9s4 #bb4f #ah4i -- #a4ai #a4e ,a ,b4 w9s4 #ba4cj #ah4ae ,,v>iation #c4 #ad4aj #aj4ad #ad4i #bc4ai #ai4ae #ae4aj ,b4 w9s4 #dde ,,v>iation #d4 #bb4ah #bb4bf #bb4bf #bc4bg #bg4bd #bj4af #ah4bb #bf4bb #bf4bb #aa4ae #bd4bj #af4ab ,b4 w9s4 ,v critical1 & requires extreme c>e 9 =c+ ! w94 ,,f\r? ,,position4 ,black4 --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,b ,,bb ,,bb --------------------------------------- ,,bb --------------------------------------- ,w ,,ww ,,ww --------------------------------------- ,:ite4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,black ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,:ite ,,to ,,move ,,& ,,w94 ,,draw4 #ddf ,solution4 ,black to move4 ,:ite to move4 #bh4bd #cb4bg #ca4bg #bb4ah #cb4bh #bd4bh #bc4ai #ca4bg #bd4bj #bg4cb #bg4ca #bh4bd #bh4cb #ah4bb #ai4bd #bg4ca #bb4ah #ca4bg #cb4bg #ah4bc #ca4bg #bb4bf #bd4bj #ca4bf #bc4ai #cj4bc #bg4cb ,drawn4 #bg4ca #bh4bd #ai4bd ,b4 w9s4 ,= fur!r in=mation z to ! sci5ce ( ! game1 see ! article ,draughts 9 ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games1 ( :i* ! above acc\nt is an abridgm5t4 ,! read] desir\s ( /ill m m9ute in=mation w f9d x 9 ,! ,game ( ,draughts ,simplifi$1 by ,&rew ,&]s54 ,! fif? edition 7#ahhg7 ( ?is /&>d "w 7,james ,=re/]1 #bs4 #f;d47 is edit$ by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,mc,culloch1 ! writ] ( ! above-m5tion$ article4 ,mr4 ,mc,culloch has also produc$ a book ( 8 own1 ,! ,guide to ! ,game ( ,draughts 7,bryson ,co41 ,glasg[1 #bs4 #f;d474 ,^! are ?or\ghly up-to-date publications4 ,we may m5tion 9 addition ! ,am]ican ,draughtplay]1 by ,h4 ,spay?1 ! accept$ au?ority 9 ,am]ica1 & two valuable works by ,mr4 ,joseph ,g\ld1 ,! ,problem ,book1 & ,mat* ,games4 99 99 99 99 99 #ddg ,,r\lette ,,z ,,play$ ,,at ,,monte ,,c>lo4 ,,by ,,capta9 ,,br[n+4 7,slambo ( ,! ,we/m9/] ,gazette47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,! ,r\lette table1 :i* is cov]$ ) a gre5 padd$ clo?1 & m>k$ out z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a1 is divid$ into two portions1 ! ,r\lette1 or ,:eel z x is commonly call$1 itself be+ let into ! c5tre ( ! table betwe5 ^! two portions4 ,fig4 #a is an illu/ration ( "o-half ( ! table1 ! o!r half be+ m>k$ 9 exactly a simil> mann]4 ,x w be se5 t ! clo? is divid$ into ?ree long columns ( figures1 m>k$ f #a to #cf4 ,at ! bottom end ( ^! columns !re are ?ree spaces1 repres5t+ all ! numb]s 9 ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird column respectively4 ,!re are ?ree simil> spaces bo? on ! "r & on ! left1 m>k$ #ab ,d1 #ab ,m1 #ab ,p1 indicat+ ! ?ird 7,d]ni]e71 ! second 7,milieu71 & fir/ 7,premi]e7 twelve 7,d\za97 numb]s4 ,on ei!r side ( ! column ( figures are fur!r spaces to m>k ! ,r\ge 7or ,r$ numb]s72 ,impair 7or odd numb]s71 ,manque 7all numb]s f #a to #ah inclusive7 on ! "o side2 & ! ,noir 7or ,black numb]s71 ,pair 7or ev5 numb]s71 & ,passe 7all #ddh numb]s f #ai to #cf inclusive7 on ! o!r side2 at ! top ( all is ! space res]v$ = z]o4 ,! ,r\lette1 or ,:eel1 itself 7,fig4 #b7 consi/s ( a n>r[ circul> l$ge 7,a4 ,a47 fix$ 9 ! table1 & slop+ d[nw>ds4 ,)9 ?is l$ge is a brass cyl9d] 7,c4 ,c471 susp5d$ on a p9 at its c5tre1 & capable ( be+ made to revolve by means ( a cross-head or h&le 7,h4 ,h474 ,! out] edge ( ! brass cyl9d] is divid$ into ?irty-sev5 small comp>tm5ts1 numb]$ 9 irregul> ord] f #a to #cf1 & col\r$ alt]nately ,r$ & ,black2 ! #cg? comp>tm5t be+ ! z]o4 ,! game is play$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,a cr\pi]--/yl$ ! ,t\rneur--calls out1 ,messieurs1 faites vos jeux1 :5 ! play]s place _! /akes on t portion ( ! clo? :i* indicates ! *ance !y wi% to play ^u4 ,! t\rneur !n says1 ,les jeux sont fait1 & ?r[s a small ivory ball r\nd ! incl9$ l$ge 7,a4 ,a47 9 "o direction & turns ! cyl9d] 9 ! opposite direction4 ,:5 ! ball is com+ to re/ ! cr\pi] calls out1 ,ri5 ne va plus1 aft] :i* no fur!r /akes c be made4 ,z ! ball comes to re/ x gradually slips d[n ! l$ge1 & f9ally lodges 9 "o ( ! comp>tm5ts 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,! numb] ( ?is comp>tm5t is ! w9n+ numb]1 & ^u its col\r1 figure1 c41 dep5d ! results play$ =4 ,x is ann\nc$ by ! t\rneur 9 ?is way1 ,onze1 noir1 impair1 et manque1 :i* means t numb] #aa1 ! ,black1 ! unev51 & ! manque 7numb]s #a to #ah7 w94 ,! los+ /akes are fir/ rak$ into ! ,bank1 !n ! w9n+s are paid1 aft] :i* ! t\rneur aga9 says1 ,messieurs1 faites vos jeux1 & ! game proce$s z be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 #ddi ,!re are no less ?an eight diff]5t me?ods ( /ak+ at ,r\lette4 ,besides ! ?ree ev5 *ances3 ,r$1 ,black2 ,pair1 ,impair2 ,passe or ,manque1 "o s+le numb] may be back$4 ,?is is call$ /ak+ en ple94 ,or two numb]s may be c\pl$ 7a *eval72 or ?ree numb]s 7transv]sale ple9e72 or f\r numb]s 7c>re72 or six numb]s 7transv]sale simple1 or sixa9e74 ,9 addition1 ! fir/1 second1 or ?ird doz5s ( numb]s 7,d\za9e ,premi]e1 ,milieu1 or ,d]ni]e71 & ! fir/1 second1 or ?ird column ea* ( twelve numb]s may be /ak$ ^u4 ,! odds (f]$ by ! ,bank aga9/ back+ a s+le numb] en ple9 is #ce to #a1 & ! odds aga9/ ! o!r *ances 9 proportion3 ?us aga9/ ei!r ( two numb]s appe>+ #ag to #a is paid2 aga9/ ei!r ( ?ree numb]s1 #aa to #a2 aga9/ ei!r ( f\r1 #h to #a1 & s on2 :ile obvi\sly aga9/ ea* doz51 or column1 #b to #a is paid2 ! ,r$1 ,black1 ,pair1 ,impair1 ,passe1 or ,manque be+ ev5 money *ances4 ,a play] wi%+ to /ake on any ( ! ev5 *ances1 or ! doz5s1 or ! columns1 places 8 money on ! portion ( ! clo? m>k$ out = t *ance4 ,to back a s+le numb]1 ! /ake is plac$ :]e t numb] is pa9t$ on ! clo?2 to back bo? ( two numb]s1 ! /ake is plac$ a *eval--t is1 on ! l9e betwe5 ^! two numb]s4 ,to /ake on ?ree numb]s ) "o co91 ! am\nt is plac$ on ! bord]-l9e ( ! outside numb] ( ?ree numb]s4 ,f\r numb]s are back$ :5 ! co9 is s plac$ t x t\*es all f\r numb]s1 & six numb]s are comb9$ 9 "o bet by plac+ ! /ake on ! outside ( ! l9e divid+ ^! six numb]s4 ,z]o may also be /ak$ ^u by plac+ ! co9 9 ! z]o area2 also z]o1 #dej #a1 #b1 #c 7quatre premi]es71 by putt+ ! /ake on ! outside ( ! l9e divid+ z]o f #a1 #b1 #c2 or z]o c\pl$ ) #a & #b2 or #b & #c 9 a simil> mann]4 ,9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #a7 an example is giv5 ( /ak+ 9 all ^! v>i\s ways4 ,x w be notic$ t consecutive numb]s on ! table c only be /ak$ ^u 9 comb9ation1 n consecutive numb]s on ! ,:eel4 ,?us to comb9e ! ?ree vois9s1 or adjac5t numb]s1 #j1 #bf1 #ae on ! ,:eel1 ?ree sep>ate /akes w\ld be requir$4 ,any two doz5s may be comb9$1 or any two columns1 by plac+ ! /ake on ! l9e betwe5 ! two2 & ! play]1 :5 successful1 receives "o-half ( ! am\nt risk$4 ,also any two ev5 *ances1 su* z ,r\ge & ,impair1 ^: position is adjac5t on ! clo?1 may be comb9$ ) "o /ake by plac+ ! co9 on ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! two2 ! play] is paid ev5 money :5 bo? ev5ts turn up1 & he only loses :5 nei!r ev5t appe>s4 ,b to bet on bo? ,passe & ,noir or ,r\ge & ,manque at ! same "t1 two sep>ate /ates w\ld be requir$4 ,! maximum /ake all[$ on ! ev5 *ances is #fjjj francs 7,l#bdj7--on a s+le numb] #ahj francs is ! highe/ possible /ake2 ! maximum /akes on ! o!r *ances are 9 proportion--?us #cjjj francs on a doz5 or column1 & #gbj francs on a c>re ( f\r numb]s4 ,9 ea* case ! m9imum /ake is #e francs1 except :5 two doz5s or two columns are comb9$ ) "o /ake1 :5 at lea/ #aj francs mu/ be risk$4 ,ea* table is presid$ ov] by two *efs-de-p>tie1 :o sit on elevat$ *airs on ei!r side ( ! ,:eel4 ,!re are f\r cr\pi]s1 :o sit at ! ,banque 7"o #dea be+ ! t\rneur71 ^: duty x is to pay out ! w9n]s & rake 9 ! los+s4 ,9 addition1 !re is a cr\pi] sitt+ at ei!r end ( ! table1 :o looks aft] ! int]e/s bo? ( ! play]s & ( ! ,bank g5]ally4 ,!re be+ ?irty-sev5 comp>tm5ts 9 ! ,:eel1 & z ! odds ( #ce to #a only are paid on ! w9n+ numb]1 x foll[s t on all /akes on numb]s1 or comb9ation ( numb]s1 ! ,bank has "o *ance 9 ?irty-sev51 or a p]c5tage ( slightly "u #c p] c5t4 9 its fav\r4 ,! p]c5tage 9 fav\r ( ! ,bank on all monies /ak$ on ! ev5 *ances1 h[ev]1 is only "o-half ( ?is am\nt4 ,on ! appe>ance ( z]o1 all ! money at /ake is swept into ! ,bank1 ) ! exception ( t on z]o itself--:i* is paid at ! same rate z any o!r numb]--& ! am\nts on ! ev5 *ances--,r\ge1 ,pair1 ,manque1 c43 ^! /akes are plac$ on ! l9es on ! outside ( ! table 7see ,fig4 #a71 & are !n said to be 9 prison4 ,on ! next c\p1 if ! /akes happ5 to be on ! w9n+ *ance1 !y are all[$ to be )drawn by ! play]4 ,! read] w please notice t ?is is !oretically exactly ! same ?+ z if ! punt] halv$ 8 /ake ) ! ,bank]1 & ?is he is all[$ to d if he *ooses4 ,%\ld two z]os appe> consecutively ! /akes are plac$ /ill fur!r ov] ^! l9es2 !y are n[ d\bly 9 prison1 & h to be d\bly releas$ !refrom be=e ! play] gets 8 own money back4 ,?us x w be se5 t1 !oretically1 once 9 e ?irty-sev5 sp9s ! ,bank w9s half ( all money /ak$ on ! ev5 *ances2 on :i* *ances1 consequ5tly1 ! ,bank may be said to h a p]c5tage #deb ( slightly "u #a-a_/b p] c5t4 9 its fav\r4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! p]c5tage 9 fav\r ( ! ,bank is ei!r unkn[n to1 or totally disreg>d$ by1 ! great majority ( punt]s at ,monte ,c>lo2 b ! play]1 by judici\s me?ods ( /ak+1 to a great ext5t1 c despoil ! ,bank ( its high] p]c5tage4 ,an exam9ation ( ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #a7 w %[ t ! foll[+ are ,r$ numb]s1 viz4 #a1 #c1 #e1 #g1 #i1 #ab1 #ad1 #af1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba1 #bc1 #be1 #bg1 #cj1 #cb1 #cd1 & #cf4 ,?us ,impair conta9s #aj ,r$ numb]s1 & b #h ,black ones4 ,! fir/ column includes #f2 ! second column #d2 & ! ?ird column #h ,r$ numb]s4 ,?us a play] /ak+ on ,black & ,impair has no less ?an tw5ty-eight numb]s 9 8 fav\r1 on eight ( :i* he w9s bo? 8 /akes1 & on tw5ty he nei!r w9s nor loses4 ,or a punt] /ak+ on ! ?ird column & ,black1 is gu>d$ by tw5ty-six numb]s1 on f\r ( :i* 7! f\r ,black numb]s 9 column #c7 he receives #a-a_/b times 8 /akes1 on eight 7! eight ,r$ numb]s 9 column #c7 he receives #a_/b times 8 /akes1 & on ! rema9d] he nei!r w9s nor loses4 ,simil> wag]s c ( c\rse be made by comb9+ ,r$ & ,pair1 or ! fir/ column & ,r$1 & s on4 ,n[ a play] wi%+ to /ake on a great _m numb]s 7:i* is a v frequ5t occurr5ce1 & is popul>ly kn[n z pla/]+ ! table71 in/ead ( plac+ 8 money on ! v>i\s transv]sales1 c>res1 & en ple9s1 by :i* me?od he loses all 8 money if z]o appe>s1 %\ld r /ake ! equival5t am\nt on ,black & ,impair1 or ,r$ & ,pair1 :i*1 z expla9$1 cov]s tw5ty-eight numb]s4 ,by ?is me?od he loses only "o-half ( 8 money if z]o appe>s4 ,no?+ is m usual ?an to see a play] /ake a *eval on two doz5s4 ,a m idiotic me?od #dec ( gambl+ _c be conceiv$4 ,! equival5t am\nts 7suppos+ ! d\ze ,p & ! d\ze ,m are select$7 %\ld be /ak$ on ,manque1 & ! transv]sale ( #ai to #bd4 ,n[ if z]o appe>s half ! /ake on ,manque is sav$1 b 9 ! =m] case ! entire /ake w\ld be lo/6 ,_m simil> in/ances ( good & bad /ak+ c\ld be quot$1 b ! av]age play] at ,monte ,c>lo consid]s ! p]c5tage aga9/ him to be s insignificant t x is sc>cely wor?y ( 8 notice4 ,h[ev]1 z its insignificance repres5ts a ga9 ( "s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p\nds /]l+ p] annum to ! ,adm9i/ration1 x %\ld be wor?y ( a pass+ ?\ght at any rate4 ,ne>ly e play] at ,monte ,c>lo has a sy/em ( "s sort1 g5]ally play$ on ! ev5 *ances4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sy/ems = play+ on numb]s1 doz5s1 c41 b ^! = ! mo/ "p are ( ! mo/ fanta/ic & insane ord]4 ,! writ] has actually kn[n a play] ^: sy/em 0 to back ?irty-five out ( ! ?irty-six numb]s1 on ! pr9ciple t1 hav+ b two numb]s aga9/ him1 he w\ld be v unlucky n to w9 "o unit p] c\p6 ,hundr$s ( p play on "o p>ticul> numb] aft] ! appe>ance ( "s o!r p>ticul> numb]1 & are confid5t 9 !mselves t1 = example1 #c always turns up aft] #be2 or #aj aft] #j4 ,a v fav\rite /ake is z]o et les quatre premi]s--t is1 z]o en ple91 & z]o c\pl$ ) #a1 #b1 #c4 ,ano!r v g5]al /ake is les vois9s de z]o--or z]o & ! numb]s on ei!r side ( x on ! ,:eel4 ,?is is a simple bet to make by putt+ "o co9 a *eval betwe5 #j & #c1 "o betwe5 #cb & #ce1 & "o ea* on #bf & #ae4 ,! und]ly+ idea ( ^! #ded z]o bets is t ! ,bank *eats2 t x wants z]o to turn up2 & t ! t\rneur is skilful en\gh to ?r[ z]o :5 he wi%es4 ,a m ridicul\s assumption c\ld n be made--9 ! fir/ place1 because ! t\rneur _c ?r[ ! ball ev5 to a p>ticul> section ( ! ,:eel1 mu* less into z]o itself2 & 9 ! second place1 because ! gambl+ c\ld n possibly be c>ri$ out 9 a m /raight-=w>d mann] ?an x is by ! ,adm9i/ration at ,monte ,c>lo4 ,if ! t\rneur c\ld ?r[ ! ball into any comp>tm5t he *ose1 he c\ld1 ?r\gh 8 fri5ds1 ru9 ! ,bank :5ev] he wi%$4 ,if ,i _h space ,i c\ld tell a /ory ( h[ ,m4 ,blanc (f]$ to give a c]ta9 play] a ye>'s practice at sp9n+ ! ,:eel1 & !n to all[ him to be 8 own cr\pi] & /ake z he *ose4 ,?is is a fact2 & yet ,i h (t5 he>d ! foll[+ class ( :isp]$ conv]sation 9 ! rooms3 ,n['s our "t--!re's a lot ( money on ! ev5 *ances--wait till ! ball is spun & !n bet on z]o4 ,"s play]s back _! age1 :5 n too old--an ev5tuality t c occur only to ! /]n] sex4 ,a sweet & blu%+ maid5 ( "s fifty summ]s may be obs]v$ always to place h] /ake on ,no4 #bh--;,because x's my age1 my de>1 & to-day is my bir?day6 ,o!rs back ! numb] ( _! cloak-room ticket1 or ! numb] ( ! hymn = ! day 7if !y %\ld happ5 to h be5 pres5t at *ur* to he> x sung7--inde$ ev]ybody has a pet numb]2 & :y n8 ,"o numb] is j z likely to appe> z any o!r4 ,^! are n sy/ems 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 b !y con/itute a sy/ematic me?od ( /ak+1 :i* is always advisable = play--be !y ev] s weird & fanta/ic--z !y keep ! play] #dee )9 c]ta9 limits1 & prev5t him f los+ 8 head1 & mak+ wild plunges to retrieve all 8 losses by "o lucky sp9 ( ! ,:eel4 ,! m bus9ess-l sy/ems are play$ on ! ev5 *ances4 ,_m are exce$+ly +5i\s1 & on pap] w\ld appe> c]ta9 to break ! ,bank at ,monte ,c>lo6 ,! und]ly+ pr9ciple ( all su* sy/ems is to play a ,m>t+ale--t is1 aft] ea* loss to increase ! /ake 9 v>i\s proportions until all previ\s losses h be5 rec\p$1 & a pr(it is %[n4 ,! commone/ & simple/ to play is ! ,montant et demontant1 :i* consi/s 9 increas+ ! /ake aft] a loss by "o unit p] c\p until ! play] is "o unit to ! good4 ,?us if ! fir/ /ake be lo/1 ! next /ake w\ld be two units1 :i* is also lo/1 z is ! next "o ( ?ree units4 ,! play] w\ld n[ h lo/ six units 9 all4 ,8 next /ake becomes #d1 :i*1 suppos+ x to be won1 w\ld leave him a net los] ( two units4 ,! /ake w\ld n[ be dropp$ to ?ree units2 = ! object is to be b "o unit to ! good4 ,%\ld ?is /ake w91 ! game w\ld be />t$ all ov] aga9 ) "o unit4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! #c _h be5 lo/1 ! next /ake w\ld be #d1 & s on4 ,!re are _m o!r sy/ems4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple ( !m all is exactly ! same2 ! calculations & pap] results be+ no?+ m nor less ?an an +5i\s me?od ( juggl+ ) figures4 ,! ,fitzroy sy/em aims at w9n+ "o unit p] c\p play$4 ,= ! work+ ( ?is sy/em x is necess>y to keep a column 9 :i* imag9>y losses are writt5 d[n3 ! play] assum+ t he loses "o unit m & w9s "o unit less ?an he actually does4 ,! /akes are increas$ by unity z 9 ! #def ,montant et demontant sy/em1 ) ! exception ( ! second /ake1 :i* 7aft] a loss7 is ?ree in/ead ( two units1 until ! imag9>y losses column comes out cle>4 ,"h is an example ( t5 c\ps play$ on ! ,fitzroy sy/em3-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,/ake4 ,w4 ,net ,imagy4 ,/ake4 ,w4 ,net ,imagy4 or ,l4 or - ,loss4 or ,l4 or - ,loss4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #a ,l4#a -#a -#b #f ,w4#f -#c -#i #c ,l4#c -#d -#f #g ,w4#g #d -#c #d ,w4#d #j -#c #d ,l4#d -#j -#h #d ,l4#d -#d -#h #e ,w4#e #e -#d #e ,l4#e -#i -#ad #e ,w4#e #aj _/-#j ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,%[+ t5 units won = t5 c\ps play$1 ! imag9>y loss column n[ read+ _/-#j4 ,ano!r v +5i\s s*eme is t kn[n z ! ,lab\*]e sy/em4 ,to play ?is s _m figures are writt5 d[n t _! total equals ! gr& c\p#aji t is be+ play$ =4 ,t5 is ! cu/om>y c\p1 & ! figures #a1 #b1 #c1 #d are writt5 d[n on a piece ( pap]4 ,! me?od ( play is to /ake ! sum ( ! extreme figures1 & if a w9 is scor$1 ^! two figures are eras$2 :ile if a loss is incurr$ ! am\nt ( ! /ake is writt5 d[n at ! end ( ! r[ ( figures1 & ! next /ake is ! sum ( ! new extremes4 ,:5 all ! figures h be5 eras$ ! c\p is made1 & ! play] ei!r beg9s a fre% game or retires f ! table4 ,"h is an example3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d3 fir/ /ake #e1 :i* is lo/4 ,! r[ n[ reads #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e2 & ! next /ake 7#f7 is won1 ! r[ read+ #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e2 ! next /ake 7#bd7 is lo/1 :5 we h #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f4 #deg ,! next /ake is #h1 :i* is won1 & we read #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f2 ! next /ake be+ #g1 :i* is won1 ! #d & #c are eras$1 :5 x w be f\nd t ! net pr(it is #aj units4 ,example ( a bad run at a ,lab\*]e sy/em4 ,! gr& c\p is #aj2 s ! />t+ figures are #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,! play] is suppos$ to /ake on ,r$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! dot %[s :i* col\r w9s4 ,! ,figures4 ,! ,/ake4 ,r4 ,b4 ,net or - #a #a #d #e 4 #e #b #b #c #e 4 _/-#j #c #b #e #g 4 -#g #d #b #g #i 4 #b #e #c #e #h 4 -#f #g #c #h #aa 4 #e #h #e #e 4 _/-#j #e #e #e #aj 4 -#aj #aj #e #aj #ae 4 -#be #ae #e #ae #bj 4 -#de #bj #e #bj #be 4 -#gj #be #e #be #cj 4 -#dj #be #e #bj #be 4 -#ae #ce #aj #ae #be 4 -#dj #aj #be #ce 4 -#ge #aj #ce #de 4 -#cj #dj #ae #be #dj 4 -#gj #ee #ae #dj #ee 4 -#abe #gj #ae #ee #gj 4 -#aie #ae #gj #he 4 -#aaj #hj #be #ee #hj 4 -#aij #aje #be #hj #aje 4 -#bie #be #aje #acj 4 -#afe #abj #dj #hj #abj 4 -#bhe #afj #dj #abj #afj 4 -#dde #bjj #dj #afj #bjj 4 -#fde #dj #bjj #bdj 4 -#dje #bae #ee #afj #bae 4 -#fbj #bgj #ee #bae #bgj 4 -#hij ,%[+ #bi c\ps1 ( :i* ! play] w9s #i1 ) a net loss ( #hij units4 ,! next /ake w\ld h to be #ee #bgj 7#cbe71 i4e4 if ! game _h be5 play$ #deh ) a "o l\is unit1 a heavi] /ake ?an is all[$ at ,r\lette4 ,sy/ems are v amus+ & pr(itable to play1 provid$ no?+ abnormal occurs4 ,b some?+ abnormal w occur soon] or lat]1 & ! am\nts /ak$ & lo/ become colossal1 & f9ally ! maximum is rea*$3 no high] wag] c be made1 s ! sy/em fails4 ,! flaw 9 all sy/ems is t ! losses on an unfav\rable run are out ( all proportion to ! ga9s on a fav\rable "o4 ,a ,lab\*]e runs into hundr$s 9 no "t1 & is 9 fact "o ( ! mo/ trea*]\s sy/ems to play = ?is reason4 ,let ! read] dissect ! play ( a ,lab\*]e on su* a run z t on p4 #dfj1 :i* is a f> f uncommon "o4 ,?is tableau1 9 :i* ! play] only w9s #i out ( #bi c\ps--or1 say1 "o 9 ?ree--may be said to be f> out ( proportion1 z ! play] is entitl$ to w9 z _m c\ps z he loses 7leav+ z]o out ( ! "q74 ,let x be not$ at ?is po9t t z]o does n affect a sy/em play$ on ! ev5 *ances 9 any degree :atsoev]4 ,any sy/em wor?y ( ! "n c )/& z]o1 ev5 two or ?ree z]os4 ,x is ! ,bank's limit1 & ! limit alone1 t proves ! d[nfall ( all sy/ems4 ,to resume4 ,( c\rse a play] ought to w9 two c\ps out ( f\r1 & s he w z a rule1 & sy/ems are devis$ s t a play] may be a w9n]1 ev5 if he loses ?ree & f\r times z _m c\ps z he w9s4 ,a glance at ^? figures n yet eras$ 9 ! example quot$ w %[ t _h ! punt] n be5 deb>r$ f /ak+1 ow+ to ! ,bank's limit1 ) ?ree successive w9s he w\ld h got all 8 money back & be5 t5 po9ts to ! good on ! :ole transaction1 & #dei /ill h only won twelve times aga9/ ! ,bank's tw5ty4 ,:at no sy/em1 play$ ) a ,m>t+ale1 has yet be5 able to accompli%1 is to prev5t ! /akes becom+ colossal :5 ! s]ies ( losses turn up 9 "s p>ticul> sequ5ce or disposition4 ,! be/ me?od to keep ! /akes )9 reasonable limits1 & to gu>d aga9/ arriv+ at ! ,bank's maximum on an adv]se run1 is to employ a v>y+ unit4 ,?us aft] a net loss ( s _m s+le units1 op]ations are re-/>t$ ) a d\ble unit2 if an equal numb] ( d\ble units are lo/1 ! play is re-/>t$ ) a triple unit1 & s on2 ! same unit be+ employ$ until all previ\s losses h be5 retriev$1 & a ga9 ( "o s+le unit made4 ,a ,montant et demontant sy/em c be play$ v easily 9 ?is mann]1 by increas+ ! unit employ$ aft] ea* complete loss ( t5 units--e4g4 aft] a loss ( #aj s+le units1 ! sy/em is />t$ afre% ) a d\ble unit2 :5 #aj d\ble units h be5 lo/1 or a net loss ( #cj1 ! sy/em is />t$ afre% ) a #c unit /ake1 & s on4 ,?is sy/em may be v>i$ by *ang+ ! unit aft] successive losses ( #aj1 #bj1 #cj1 #dj1 c41 & by /ak+ suffici5t to %[ a net w9 ( ! am\nt ( ! unit employ$4 ,?us :5 play+ ) a d\ble unit1 to try & w9 #b2 or if play+ ) a unit ( #e1 to try & w9 #e units net4 ,e sy/em has its ,wat]loo--x w succe$ = days1 possibly weeks1 & small ga9s be made2 b f9ally ! occasion mu/ & w arrive :5 all previ\s pr(its & ! sy/em play]'s capital w be swamp$4 ,at ! end ( ?is article w be f\nd a s*eme devis$ by ! writ] :]eby ! punt] puts himself into ! position ( ! ,bank] z ne>ly #dfj z possible1 & consequ5tly is enabl$ to w9 su* va/ /akes z are lo/ by a sy/em play] 9 ! ord9>y c\rse1 :5 t p>ticul> sequ5ce ( ev5ts occur :i* demoli%es 8 sy/em4 ,"h is an example ( a ,montant et demontant play$ 9 ! usual me?od1 & play$ ) an increas+ unit aft] ea* net loss ( #aj units4 ,! play] is suppos$ to /ake on ! ,r$ ?r\gh\t2 & ! dot indicates :i* col\r w9s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,ord9>y ,a v>y+ ,unit ,me?od4 employ$4 ,rem>ks4 -------------------------------------- ,r4 ,b4 ,net ,r4 ,b4 ,net or- or- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #a 4 -#a #a 4 -#a #b 4 -#c #b 4 -#c #c 4 -#f #c 4 -#f #d 4 -#aj #d 4 -#aj ,hav+ lo/ #aj s+le units1 ----------------- ! sy/em is re-/>t$ #e 4 -#ae #b 4 -#ab ) a d\ble unit4 #f 4 -#ba #d 4 -#af #g 4 -#ad #f 4 -#aj #h 4 -#bb #h 4 -#ah #i 4 -#ac #aj 4 -#h #aj 4 -#bc #i 4 -#ag ,z ! object is to be #a1 #aa 4 -#cd #aa 4 -#bh #i is a suffici5tly high /ake4 #ab 4 -#df #b 4 -#cj ,z n m ?an #cj may ----------------- be lo/ :ile employ+ #ac 4 -#ei #c 4 -#cc a d\ble unit1 #b is ! #ad 4 -#de #f 4 -#bg highe/ /ake all[$4 #ae 4 -#cj #i 4 -#ah #af 4 -#ad #ab 4 -#f #ae 4 -#bi #g 4 -#ac ,z expla9$ be=e4 #af 4 -#ac #aj 4 -#c #ad 4 #a #d 4 #a ,z expla9$ be=e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,_h ! play] lo/ #fj units1 he w\ld h re-/>t$ ! sy/em & play$ #d1 #h1 #ab1 c42 & if ?is play %[$ a net loss ( #ajj units1 #e1 #aj1 #ae1 c41 #dfa w\ld h be5 /ak$1 & cont9u$ ) until ei!r ! net loss 0 #aej1 or ! net ga9 #a unit1 9 :i* case ! play] w\ld beg9 all ov] aga9 ) a s+le unit4 ,ano!r /yle ( play is to bet on ! prospect ( ! col\r1 or ev5 *ances1 runn+ 9 a p>ticul> way4 ,"s p play = an int]mitt5ce ( col\r1 consequ5tly always /ake on ! opposite col\r to t :i* turn$ up la/4 ,o!rs play = ! run1 & s always /ake on ! col\r t la/ appe>$4 ,a v popul> wag] is to /ake on ! ,avant d]ni]1 or on ! col\r t turn$ up ! la/ "t b "o4 ,by ?is means !re is only "o comb9ation ( ev5ts by :i* ! play] loses1 & ?is is if ! col\rs g two ( "o k9d1 foll[$ by two ( ! o!r2 b ! weak po9t ab\t x is t ! play] may miss 8 fir/ /ake & 8 la/ "o1 al?\gh ! s]ies goes 9 8 fav\r4 ,yet ano!r common me?od ( /ak+ is to play ! c>d--t is1 to play 9 expectation ( previ\s ev5ts repeat+ !mselves4 ,?us if ! previ\s ?r[s h giv5 ?ree ,blacks1 foll[$ by ?ree ,r$s1 ! expectation is if ?ree ,blacks imm$iately occur1 t ?ree ,r$s w also occur4#aaj ,su* !ories1 ( c\rse1 h absolutely no sci5tific basis1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( ! writ]1 are only vexati\s & a cause ( tr\ble to ! play]1 :o %\ld inv>iably /ake on ! *ance t is mo/ conv5i5t to :]e he is sitt+4 ,he has an equal *ance ( w9n+1 & by ?is means w save himself ! tr\ble ( rea*+ across ! table1 bo? to place 8 /ake & to retrieve 8 w9n+s4 #dfb ,!re may be1 h[ev]1 "s reason 9 play+ = a run on "o col\r or *ance1 b n /ak+ until aft] ?is col\r or *ance has appe>$4 ,by ?is means ! play]1 if he plays flat /akes1 is squ>e on all runs ( two1 w9s "o on all runs ( ?ree1 two on all runs ( f\r1 & s on4 ,he loses "o unit on e int]mitt5ce1 b aga9/ ?is he loses no?+ at all on all runs ( ! opposite col\r or *ance4 ,_h ?is me?od ( /ak+ be5 foll[$ 9 ! example giv5 on p4 #dfj1 x w be se5 t ! play] w\ld h won #b units on ,r$ & #d units on ,black1 & ! highe/ /ake necess>y on any c\p w\ld h be5 #c units2 & _h x be5 adopt$ 9 ! example giv5 on p4 #deg1 only #gj units w\ld h be5 lo/ on ! ,r$ side1 & ! highe/ /ake risk$ #af2 :ile on ! ,black1 #da units w\ld h be5 won1 ) #i z ! highe/ /ake4 ,x is advisable1 :5 play+ a sy/em1 to play on bo? sides ( ! table at once4 ,! calculations = bo? ,r$ & ,black are kept1 & ! diff]5ces /ak$ on ! ,r$ or ,black z ! case may be4 ,! writ] has actually se5 a play] /ake ! full requisite am\nt dem&$ by 8 sy/em on bo? ,r$ & ,black at ! same "t4 ,?is ( c\rse gives ! same net result z /ak+ ! diff]5ce on "o col\r1 provid$ z]o does n turn up4 ,if x does1 h[ev]1 ! play] loses "o-half ( two l>ge /akes 9 ! "o case1 in/ead ( only "o-half ( a small /ake 9 ! o!r case4 ,! advantage ( play+ a sy/em on bo? sides ( ! table at ! same "t is t d\ble z mu* c be won ) ! same capital t is requir$ = play+ on "o side only4 ,inde$1 slightly less capital is requir$1 = obvi\sly ! play] mu/ #dfc be w9n+ some?+ on "o side to g aga9/ 8 loss on ! o!r4 ,! objection1 ( c\rse1 to ?is dual sy/em ( play is1 t !re is a d\ble *ance ( /rik+ an adv]se run4 ,:ile on ! subject ( :]e to /ake "o's money1 ! read]1 if a novice at ,monte ,c>lo1 is recomm5d$ to h& ! am\nt ( 8 wag] to "o ( ! cr\pi]s to place on ! table = him4 ,?is w ensure bo? ! money be+ plac$ exactly z ! punt] desires1 & ! receipt ( any w9n+s1 )\t disputes on ! "p ( o!r play]s4 ,unless "o's ,fr5* acc5t is above reproa*1 x is advisable to talk ,engli% to ! cr\pi]s4 ,! writ]1 wi%+ to /ake on ,nos4 #c1 #ab1 & #ae on "o occasion1 h&$ ! *ef-de-p>tie ?ree #e-;franc pieces1 say+1 ,sur le #c1 #ab1 #ae1 s'il v\s plait4 ,aft] a %ort conv]sation on ! subject ! *ef said 9 p]fect ,engli%1 ,if monsieur w please speak ,engli%1 ,i w see t 8 money is correctly /ak$4 99 99 99 99 99 #dfd ,,tr5te ,,et ,,qu>ante4 ,,by ,,capta9 ,,br[n+4 ,,tr5te ,,et ,,qu>ante is play$ ) six packs ( c>ds on a table m>k$ out z 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #c72 ?is repres5ts "o-half ( ! table1 ! o!r half be+ m>k$ out 9 an exactly simil> mann]4 ,!re are b f\r *ances--,r\ge1 ,noir1 ,c\leur1 & ,inv]se1 :i* are play$ on 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,! six packs ( c>ds1 hav+ be5 well %uffl$1 are cut1 & s _m c>ds dealt out face upw>ds 9 a r[ until ! sum ( ! pips 7,aces1 ,k+s1 ,que5s1 ,knaves1 & t5s c\nt+ t5 ea*1 & ! ,ace "o7 exce$s #cj 9 numb]4 ,!n a second r[ is dealt out 9 a simil> mann]1 bel[ ! fir/ "o1 until ! numb] ( ! pips 9 ?is second r[ also exce$s #cj4 ,! top r[ is call$ ,black1 ! second or und]nea? r[ ,r$1 & ! ,r$ or ,blacks w9 accord+ to :i* r[ conta9s ! few] numb] ( pips--e4g4 :i*ev] r[ ( c>ds adds up ne>e/ to #cj4 ,! numb] to :i* ea* r[ adds up is call$ ! po9t1 & x w be pla9 t ! be/ po9t possible is #ca1 & ! wor/ po9t possible #dj4 ,x is cu/om>y1 :5 call+ out ! po9t ( ,black & ,r$ to drop ! ?irty & say simply #b & #f1 :i* w\ld mean t ! po9t ( ,black am\nts to #cb1 & ! po9t ( ,r$ #cf1 9 :i* case ! ,black or top r[ w\ld w94 ,! ,black po9t is always call$ out fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 #dfe ,! o!r *ance1 ! ,c\leur & ,inv]se1 is decid$ by ! col\r ( ! fir/ c>d turn$ up4 ,if ! col\r ( ?is c>d corresponds ) ! col\r ( ! w9n+ r[1 !n ,c\leur w9s2 if x is ( ! opposite col\r1 !n ,inv]se w9s4 ,?us suppose ! top or ,black r[ ( c>ds am\nts to #ce1 & ! fir/ c>d 9 ?is r[ is a ,black c>d1 & ! ,r$ r[ am\nts to #cf1 !n ,black & ,c\leur w\ld w92 _h ! fir/ c>d 9 ! ,black r[ be5 a ,r$ c>d1 !n ,inv]se w\ld h won1 be+ ( ! opposite col\r to ! w9n+ r[ 7,black74 ,! play]s wi%+ to back any p>ticul> *ance place _! /akes on t portion ( ! table res]v$ = ,black1 ,r$1 ,c\leur1 or ,inv]se1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #c74 ,!re are two *efs-de-p>ties employ$ to sup]vise ! game1 & f\r cr\pi]s to receive ! los+ /akes & pay ! w9n+ ones1 "o ( ! cr\pi]s also be+ ! tailleur1 or deal] ( ! c>ds4 ,! tailleur calls ! game by say+1 ,messieurs1 faites vos jeux1 :5 ! play]s /ake on ! diff]5t *ances4 ,he !n says1 ,les jeux sont fait4 ,ri5 ne va plus1 aft] :i* no fur!r /akes may be made4 ,he !n deals out ! c>ds1 & :5 bo? r[s are complete he calls ! result ?us1 ,deux1 six1 ,r\ge p]ds et ,c\leur gagne1 or ,r\ge p]ds et ,c\leur1 z ! case may be1 mean+ t ! po9t ( ,black is #cb & t ( ,r$ #cf1 s t ,black & ! col\r w92 or ,black w9s & ! col\r loses4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! tailleur nev] m5tions ! words ,black or ,inv]se1 b always says t ,r$ w9s or ,r$ loses1 & t ! col\r w9s or ! col\r loses4 ,on ! conclusion #dff ( ea* c\p bo? r[s ( c>ds are swept into a small basket call$ ! talon1 :i* is let into ! c5tre ( ! table1 & ! game beg9s aga94 ,:5 ! six packs ( c>ds are exhau/$1 ! tailleur says1 ,monsieur1 les c>tes pass5t1 :5 all ! c>ds are collect$ out ( ! talons1 re-%uffl$ & cut1 & a fre% deal is />t$4 ,all f\r *ances--,r$1 ,black1 ,c\leur1 & ,inv]se--are ( c\rse ev5 *ances1 & are paid z su* by ! ,bank2 b %\ld ! total 7or po9t7 ( bo? r[s ( c>ds be exactly #ca ea*1 ! same proc$ure occurs z ^u ! appe>ance ( ! z]o at ,r\lette--t is to say1 ! /akes are put en prison2 !n ano!r deal is made1 & ^? /akes :i* are on ! w9n+ *ances are all[$ to be )drawn by ! play]s4 ,or1 z at ,r\lette1 ! /akes1 at ! play]s' option1 may be halv$ ) ! ,bank] 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,sav+ #ca1 all o!r id5tical po9ts made by ! ,r$ & ,black cause t deal to be null & void1 ! play] be+ at lib]ty to remove 8 /ake or o!rwise1 z he *ooses4 ,! condition ( affairs 7bo? r[s com+ to #ca ea*7 :i* corresponds to ! ,r\lette z]o is call$ a ,refait1 & is ann\nc$1 z are all o!r id5tities ( ! po9ts1 by ! ^w apres4 ,?us suppose ! ,black r[ c\nts up to #ch1 & ! ,r$ r[ to ! same figure1 ! tailleur ann\nces ,huit1 huit apres4 ,if x happ5s to be a ,refait1 he says1 ,un1 un apres1 & ! /akes are put into prison4 ,! ,refait is said to occur once 9 #ch deals on ! av]age2 & if ?is 7 true1 ! ,bank w\ld h a slightly less advantage at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante ?an x has at ,r\lette4 ,to arrive at ! ma!matical odds 9 fav\r ( ! ,bank w\ld involve an exce$+ly #dfg complicat$ calculation1 & x is d\btful if !y h ev] be5 exactly comput$4 ,at a glance x w\ld seem t ! odds aga9/ bo? r[s be+ #ca ea* is #ha to #a2 !re be+ #aj possible po9ts = ea* r[1 ! *ances aga9/ any nam$ po9t appe>+ w\ld seem to be #i to #a1 9 :i* case1 ( c\rse1 ! *ances aga9/ bo? po9ts be+ id5tical w\ld be #i x #i1 or #ha to #a4 ,b z ! po9t ( #ca c be =m$ 9 #aj ways--= ! la/ c>d may be ( any value1 :ile ! po9t ( #cb c only be =m$ 9 #i ways--= n[ ! la/ c>d _c be an ace2 & to =m a po9t ( #cc ! la/ c>d c be nei!r an ace nor a deuce1 & s on ) e po9t up to #dj1 :i* c only be =m$ 9 "o way--viz4 :5 ! la/ c>d is a #aj--;x is obvi\s t #ca is ! easie/ possible po9t to arrive at1 & ! exact *ances aga9/ its =mation h1 z f> z ! writ]'s in=mation goes1 nev] be5 calculat$4#aaa ,9 actual play1 h[ev]1 ! punt] may insure aga9/ ! ,refait by pay+ a premium ( #a p] c5t4 on 8 /ake 7at a m9imum co/ ( five francs72 ?us x is safe to assume t = all practical purposes ! p]c5tage 9 fav\r ( ! ,bank is exactly #b p]c5t4#aab ,?us x w\ld seem t once 9 #ch is an und]e/imate ( ! appe>ance ( a ,refait4 ,! maximum & m9imum /akes all[$ at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante are #ab1jjj francs & #bj francs respectively4 ,mu* heavi] am\nts are to be se5 at /ake at ?is game ?an at ,r\lette4 ,?is probably arises f two facts3 because ! games are g5]ally #dfh c>ri$ out 9 a quiet] mann] & ! c\ps are m quickly play$ ?an is ! case at ,r\lette1 & because !re is unque/ionably a prevail+ idea among/ ! gambl]s at ,monte ,c>lo t ! ,bank's advantage is n s great at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante z x is at ,r\lette4 ,! latt] consid]ation is probably wrong2 &1 z f> z ! writ]'s exp]i5ce goes1 x is a v pay+ bus9ess to insure ! /ake at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante4 ,if ?is really is s1 x foll[s t ! p]c5tage 9 fav\r ( ! ,bank is ov] #b p] c5t41 or some?+ l #a p] c5t4 m ?an x is at ,r\lette4 ,any sy/em t is applicable to ! ev5 *ances at ! ,r\lette table c ( c\rse be play$ at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante2 b = "s reason or o!r x is unusual to see any sy/em prop]ly work$ at ?is game1 possibly because too l>ge a capital w\ld be requir$4 ,! almo/ univ]sal me?od ( play is to foll[ ! tableau--t is1 to foll[ ! patt]n ( ! c>d on :i* ! game is m>k$4 ,if !re h be5 two ,r$s foll[$ by two ,blacks1 n9ety-n9e p out ( a hundr$ w /ake on ,r$1 9 ! expectation ( two ,r$s n[ appe>+1 :ile if !re is a run ( "o col\r1 ?\s&s ( francs w be se5 on t col\r1 & n a s+le #bj-;franc piece on ! o!r4 ,sometimes ! col\rs d run 9 ! mo/ inexplicable mann] at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante4 ,! writ] has play$ at a table :]e !re 7 #ag consecutive ,blacks1 !n #a ,r$1 to be foll[$ by #af consecutive ,blacks4 ,:5 su* runs occur1 ! ,banks ( c\rse lose heavily1 & are con/antly brok54 ,to break ! ,bank 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w is ( c\rse an impossibility4 ,:5 a ,bank gets into l[ wat] ! *ef-de-p>tie #dfi s5ds = "s m money1 :i* is ,aj\t] a la banque1 & to ?is ext5t only is x possible to break ! ,bank at ,monte ,c>lo4 ,! game ( ,tr5te et ,qu>ante is sometimes call$ ,r\ge et ,noir4 ,! me?od ( play on ! ev5 *ances t w n[ be expla9$ is bas$ on ! ?ree foll[+ assumptions3-- ,fir/4 ,t e sy/em at pres5t play$ is successful only = a c]ta9 "t1 :5 an adv]se run1 long en\gh to defeat ! progression adopt$1 is almo/ c]ta9 to occur1 :]eby ! ,bank reaps a ri* h>ve/4 ,secondly4 ,t only on r>e occasions does ! sy/em %[ ! desir$ pr(it1 )\t ! play] hav+ be5 at "s p]iod ( ! game a v heavy los]4 ,?irdly4 ,t ! failure ( sy/ems is n due to z]o1 b to ! ,bank's maximum4 ,^! conditions are assum$1 ?\gh 9 ! fir/ two cases !y und\bt$ly are realities1 & )9 ! exp]i5ce ( e sy/em play]4 ,! ?ird "o may be true or n2 x is n va/ly important4#aac ,n[ z reg>ds maxim ,no4 #a1 x may be tak5 = grant$ t = all practical purposes ! sy/em play] makes 8 gr& c\p#aad on n m ?an #dgj 7say7 tw5ty occasions1 & on ! tw5ty-fir/ he meets su* an adv]se run t he loses 8 entire pr(its plus 8 entire capital2 or say1 = argum5t1 he _h already sp5t 8 pr(its & s loses only 8 entire capital4 ,! proportion ( ! c\p play$ = to ! capital employ$ is g5]ally "s #b-a_/b p] c5t42 consequ5tly aft] tw5ty good days' play1 & "o bad "o1 a sy/em play] is a los] ( #ej p] c5t4 ( 8 money4 7,?is is a v l[ e/imate47 ,n[ suppos+ a play] _h play$ /ake = /ake on ! opposite *ance to t play$ on by ! sy/em play]1 x is obvi\s t he w\ld h lo/ on tw5ty days1 & won on ! tw5ty-fir/ suffici5t to rec\p all 8 previ\s losses1 ) #ej p] c5t4 pr(it4 ,! ma!matician w say ,no to ?is--! ,bank w h reap$ its z]o p]c5tage f ea* sp9 ( ! ,:eel dur+ ! progress ( ! play4 ,b :y8 ,a1 :o is play+ ! sy/em1 /akes #aj l\is on ,r$2 ,b 7:o is play+ aga9/ him7 /akes #aj l\is on ,black1 & z]o crops up4 ,!y are bo? put 9 prison1 & ,a comes out safely1 s ,b is n[ #aj l\is worse (f ?an ,a4 ,b 9 a %ort "t ,a & ,b aga9 bo? /ake #aj l\is1 & z]o appe>s4 ,b ?is "t ,b comes out safely1 9 :i* case ,a mu/ write ?is d[n z a los+ c\p1 & 8 next /ake w be say1 = example1 #ae4 ,to meet ?is ,b has only to add #e l\is to ! #aj he has j retriev$ out ( prison--s 8 pr(it & loss acc\nt due to z]o is exactly squ>e1 z f> z x affects 8 transactions ) ,a4 ,& surely dur+ ! c\rse ( a game ,a & ,b w bo? get out ( prison ! same numb] ( times4 7,& ,a does n fe> z]o--he only fe>s rea*+ ! maximum--consequ5tly ,b #dga does fe> = z]o2 he b awaits ! "t :5 8 /ake gets to ! maximum47 ,is x n desirable to be ,b8 ,he requires no capital--or v little--& yet is 9 a position to w9 all t ,a is ev5tually go+ to lose--z he mo/ c]ta9ly mu/ lose4 ,to play on ?is me?od is exce$+ly simple4 ,all t has to be done is to take any sy/em1 & play x 9 rev]se ord] to :at x is design$ to be play$ 94 ,! effect ( ?is is1 9 a ^w1 to compel ! ,bank to play ?is sy/em 9 its correct ord] aga9/ ! punt]4 ,! writ] has always employ$ a ,lab\*]e to play on ?is me?od1 & x is ! simple/ "o by :i* to expla9 ! proc$ure4 ,a ref]5ce to p4 #def w %[ t ! ,lab\*]e sy/em1 is play$ by writ+ d[n s _m figures1 s t _! sum am\nts to ! gr& c\p--or /ake be+ play$ =--& t x is usual to write d[n ! figures #a1 #b1 #c1 #d2 s t ! gr& c\p is #aj units4 ,to play ?is sy/em 9 ! usual mann] x is g5]ally assum$ t a capital ( #djj or #ejj units is requir$4 ,by rev]s+ matt]s 9 play ! fir/ important advantage ga9$ to ! play] is t he ne$s b a capital ( #aj units1 & 8 gr& c\p becomes #djj or #ejj units4 ,v well4 ,! figures #a1 #b1 #c1 #d are writt5 d[n1 & ! fir/ /ake is ! sum ( ! extreme figures--#e4 ,?is sum is lo/2 b n[ ! #e is n writt5 d[n aft] ! #d1 b ! #a & ! #d are eras$4 ,! next /ate is aga9 #e 7#b #c71 & is aga9 lo/1 ! #b & #c are eras$ & ! play] retires4 ,suppose ?is second /ake ( #e _h be5 won1 !n in/ead ( eras+ ! #b & #c1 ! figure #e w\ld be writt5 d[n on ! pap]1 s ! r[ w\ld read #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 & ! next /ake w\ld be 7#e #b7 #g4 ,%\ld ?is be lo/ ! #e & #b are #dgb eras$1 ! next /ake be+ #c4 ,suppose x is won1 ?is figure is writt5 d[n1 & ! r[ n[ reads #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #c1 & ! next /ake is #c #c 7#f71 & s on4 ,b ! mom5t all figures are eras$1 ! play] w h lo/ #aj units & mu/ retire4 ,?is he w h to d a great _m times1 b f9ally su* a run z ! foll[+ w occur4 ,! ,r$ is /ak$ on ?r\gh\t--! dot indicat+ :i* col\r w9s4 ,figures4 ,/ake4 ,r4 ,b4 or - #a #a #d #e 4 -#e #b #b #c #e 4 #j #c #b #e #g 4 #g #d #b #g #i 4 #af #e #b #i #aa 4 #bg #g #b #aa #ac 4 #ad #i #c #i #ab 4 #b #aa #e #g #ab 4 #ad #ab #e #ab #ag 4 #ca #ag #e #ag #bb 4 #ec #bb #e #bb #bg 4 #hj #bg #e #bg #cb 4 #dh #g #bb #bi 4 #ai #bi #ab #ag #bi 4 #dh #da #ab #bi #da 4 #hi #ab #da #ec 4 #cf #df #ag #bi #df 4 #hb #ag #df #fc 4 #ai #bi #bi #bi 4 #dh #eh #bi #bi #eh 4 #ajf #hg #bi #eh #hg 4 #aic #bi #hg #aaf 4 #gg #hg #bi #eh #hg 4 #afd #bi #hg #aaf 4 #dh #eh #eh #eh 4 #ajf #aaf #eh #eh #aaf 4 #bbb #agd #eh #aaf #agd 4 #cif #bcb #eh #agd #bcb 4 #fbh #bij #eh #bcb #bij 4 #iah ,?is %[s a run ( #bi c\ps1 ( :i* ! play] w9s #bj & loses #i4 #dgc ,he is #iah units to ! good1 & 8 next /ake w\ld be #cdh6aae ,assum+ a play] _h be5 work+ a ,lab\*]e on ?is run 9 ! usual mann]1 on ,black ) a capital ( #ejj units1 he w\ld h _h to retire aft] ! #bg? c\p ?r\gh lack ( capital2 & assum+ him to h be5 play+ ) a #bj-;franc unit1 he w\ld h _h to retire f ,r\lette on ! #bh? c\p1 & f ,tr5te et ,qu>ante aft] a few m c\ps if ! bad sequ5ce cont9u$1 no matt] h[ l>ge 8 capital _h be54 ,x has be5 /at$ t ! ,bank beats ! sy/em play] only on acc\nt ( its limit4 ,?is is n q true2 x has also "o m great advantage ov] ! play]1 & ?is is ! fact ( its be+ a ma*9e1 :ile ! punt] is human2 & al?\gh a play] w /ake 8 all to retrieve 8 previ\s losses1 he w n--nature w n all[ him to--risk 8 w9n+s to w9 /ill m4 ,?is is a psy*ological fact t _c be expla9$4 ,x mu/ be to ! k ( mo/ p :o h visit$ ,monte ,c>lo1 t a play] w /ake z mu* z #ejj francs to retrieve a loss ( a s+le #e-;franc piece4 ,yet ! same play]1 hav+ turn$ a #e-;franc piece into z little z #ej francs1 w refuse to adv5ture ano!r /ake1 & retire f ! gam+-table4 ,:5 ! play] is hav+ 8 bad run1 ! ,bank _c help play+ _! w9n+s to ! maximum /ake--!y mu/ d s2 b ! play] on 8 good run is n compell$ to play up 8 w9n+s1 & really _c be expect$ to d s4 ,!oretically #dgd he %\ld1 & ,i firmly believe !re is a lot ( money await+ ! play] :o has ! pati5ce to wait = su* a run--:i* mu/ come to him1 equally z x mu/ & does1 we "k1 come to ! ,bank--& !n play on & on until he is prohibit$ by ! ,bank f /ak+ any high]4 ,to play a sy/em upside-d[n1 or 9 rev]se ord]1 requires great pati5ce & equanimity1 until ! fav\rable run occurs1 :5 indomitable pluck & p]sev]ance are ! necess>y qualifications4 ,! writ] feels b\nd to take ! read] into 8 confid5ce s f> z to ackn[l$ge t he himself has nev] _h su* pluck1 b has always retir$ on w9n+ betwe5 #bjj & #cjj units4 ,b he has always wat*$ ! future run ( ! table1 & on no less ?an five occasions w\ld h rea*$ ! maximum /ake & won ov] #ajjj units4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 always _h ! pati5ce1 & lo/ 8 petit c\p "t aft] "t ) p]fect equanimity1 & only wi%es he _h _h ! o!r qualifications z well4 ,ref]r+ = "o mom5t to ! assum$ fact ,no4 #b on :i* ?is me?od is bas$--t a play] m (t5 ?an n is 9 deep wat] be=e br++ (f 8 gr& c\p2 :i* he mu/ be1 ow+ to ! losses be+ s disproportionate 9 magnitude to ! ga9s--x might be a good plan to discov] :at ! av]age highe/ loss ( a sy/em play] is be=e ! sy/em %[s a pr(it1 & !n to play ! same sy/em 9 rev]se or upside-d[n ord]1 mak+ ?is figure ! gr& c\p4 ,play+ 9 ?is mann]1 a visitor w h a *eap & enjoyable visit to ,monte ,c>lo1 & may be assur$ ( "o ( ! mo/ excit+ little p]iods ( 8 c>e] :5 ?is fav\rable run ( luck does come 8 way4 #dge ,"o f9al ^w ( advice to all sy/em play]s4 ,play on ! *ance t is mo/ conv5i5t to y\r seat at ! table4 ,x is z likely to w9 z any o!r4 ,nev] get flurri$ ) y\r sy/em or calculations4 ,x is n at all necess>y to /ake on e c\p4 ,y are j z likely to w9 if y po/pone /ak+ until ! day aft] to-morr[1 z if y /ake on ! v next sp9 ( ! ,:eel--! ,rooms are op5 = twelve h\rs p] diem1 :i* %\ld all[ ample "t = ! numb] ( c\ps y wi% to play4 ,!re may or n be su* a ?+ z luck4 ,!re c1 h[ev]1 be no h>m 9 giv+ its exi/5ce ! b5efit ( ! d\bt4 ,if on "s p>ticul> occasions y f9d y _c d "r1 assume y are out ( luck1 & /op play+4 ,d n consid] ei!r t y owe a grudge to ! ,bank because y h lo/1 or t x is absolutely necess>y to retrieve y\r =tune !n & !re6 ,po/pone play+ until ! foll[+ day1 or week1 or ye>1 :5 y may be 9 good luck1 & c easily rec\p y\rself4 ,always be> ! clev] gambl]'s great maxim well 9 m9d3 ,cut y\r losses--play up y\r ga9s6 ,! writ]'s only object has be5 to try & expla9 h[ ! games ( *ance are play$ at ,monte ,c>lo1 & to po9t out t ! play] is at a disadvantage on ea* occasion t he /akes1 ?\gh t disadvantage may be increas$ or r$uc$ by bad or good /ak+4 ,x n[ rema9s = ! read] to decide :e!r ! pleasure he d]ives f gambl+ is likely to recomp5se him = 8 probable losses4 ,pr9t$ by ,,ballantyne1 ,,hanson ,,co4 ,ed9burgh ,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes #a ,?is is ! old-fa%ion$ rule1 b at ! pres5t day ! ,:i/ rule ( l[e/ c>d deals is frequ5tly foll[$4 #b ,see note on la/ page4 #c ,= ! accept$ ,laws ( ,all-,f\rs1 see ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games 7,r\tl$ge74 #d ,pron\nc$ ,back7arah4 #e ,! numb] is n absolute1 sometimes f\r packs1 sometimes two only1 be+ us$2 b ?ree is ! m usual numb]4 #f ,= ! ,laws ( ,bacc>at ,banque1 & "s sugge/ions = play1 see ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games4 #g ,"s play]s d n score brisques till ! close ( ! h&4 ,! bett] rule1 h[ev]1 x to score !m :5 ! trick is won4 #h ,9 "s circles1 :5 ! ,:i/ tricks are rea*$1 ! t5 rev]ts to its ,:i/ rank1 i4e4 bel[ ! knave1 b ! practice is n recomm5d$4 #i ,c>te blan*e is scor$ at ! outset ( ! game1 & be=e ! play] has drawn a c>d4 ,he mu/ prove 8 title by exhibit+ 8 n9e c>ds1 "o aft] ano!r 7z rapidly z he pleases71 face upw>ds on ! table4 ,%\ld ! fir/ c>d he draws n be an hon\r1 he may %[ ! c>d1 & aga9 score c>te blan*e1 & s on1 z (t5 z ?is may happ52 b c>te blan*e _c be scor$ aft] ! play] has once held a c\rt c>d4 #aj ,! fir/ m>riage scor$ is necess>ily 9 trumps4 #aa ,x w be obs]v$ t ?is rule is directly contr>y to t prevail+ at ord9>y ,bezique4 #ab ,r\ghly1 ! value ( all ! brisques 9 ! f\r packs4 ,!re are actually #cb1 :i* at t5 ea* w\ld be #cbj2 b z ! odd #bj are n reckon$1 ?is r$uces ! value to #cjj4 #ac ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is arrangem5t is no gu>antee :atev] aga9/ pre-arrang$ fraud4 ,= ! me?ods employ$ by c>d-%>p]s at ?is game1 see ,les ,fil\t]ies du ,jeu 7,cavaille74 ,tit4 ,les ,petits ,paquets4 #ad ,c\rt c>ds1 ?\gh !y all c\nt z ( ! same value--i4e4 t5--reta9 _! di/9ctive rank = pair+ purposes4 ,?us a knave c only be pair$ ) a knave1 & s on4 #ae ,a s+le fifte5 is spok5 ( z fifte5 two1 two fifte5s z fifte5 f\r1 ?ree z fifte5 six1 & s on4 ,f\r 7fifte5 eight7 is ! l>ge/ numb] ( fifte5s t c be made ) f\r c>ds4 #af ,if ! knave & />t be ( diff]5t suits1 ! score is tw5ty-eight4 ,) f\r fives 9 ! crib1 & ! knave turn$ up1 ! value ( ! %[ w be tw5ty-eight only1 b ! deal] w already h scor$ two = 8 heels1 s t ! total value is ?irty4 #ag ,! score is made up z foll[s4 ,ea* ( ! sixes comb9es ) ea* n9e to make a fifte51 giv+ fifte5 f\r4 ,aga91 ea* ( ! ?rees comb9es ) ! two sixes1 br++ ! score to fifte5 t54 ,! pair & pair-royal make x eighte54 #ah ,if ! ?ree t5? c>ds make nei!r pair nor sequ5ce1 ! score w be f\rte5 only4 #ai ,9 ! case suppos$1 x w\ld be v unwise = ,a to pair ! eight1 z1 9 ! ev5t ( ,b's hold+ a second eight1 he w\ld make a pair-royal & g simultane\sly4 #bj ,!re is no au?oritative code ( ,cribbage ,laws1 & !re is consid]able div]g5ce ( op9ion on sundry m9or po9ts4 ,= ! rules g5]ally accept$1 ! read] may be ref]r$ to ! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games 7,r\tl$ge71 tit4 ,cribbage4 #ba ,de la ,rue ,co4 #bb ,! eld] h& may propose1 i4e4 ask = c>ds1 z (t5 z he pleases4 ,if ! deal] is n cont5t ) 8 own h&1 he w give c>ds1 b aft] ! fir/ proposal1 x is entirely at 8 own option :e!r or n to d s4 #bc ,= "s fur!r rules1 def9+ ! position & obligations ( by/&]s bett+ on ! game1 see ! "w ( ,cav5di% ref]r$ to at p4 #ec4 #bd ,a /ill high] trump is sometimes by agreem5t introduc$ 9 ! %ape ( a blank c>d1 back$ l ! re/ ( ! pack :i* 9 ?is case consi/s ( ?irty-?ree c>ds4 ,?is is kn[n z ! ,jok]1 or ,be/ ,b[]1 & takes prec$5ce ev5 ( ,"r ,b[]4 ,if ! ,jok] *ance to be turn$ up1 ! c>d next 9 ord] decides ! trump suit4 #be ,"u ! m mod]n practice ! play] hav+ ! lat] call c play alone 9 place ( 8 p>tn]4 ,only a v /rong h&1 h[ev]1 w\ld ju/ify 8 do+ s4 #bf ,!re is no ,engli% ,code ( ,laws = ,eu*re4 ,! accept$ ,am]ican ,code 0 compil$ 9 #ahhh = ! ,som]set ,club1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 by ,messrs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,le$s & ,james ,dwight4 ,x w be f\nd repr9t$ at l5g?1 by _! p]mission1 9 ! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games4 #bg ,?is is usually done by deal+ a prelim9>y r\nd1 face upw>ds1 ! fir/ knave turn$ up entitl+ ! hold] to ! deal4 #bh ,z1 = in/ance1 :]e ! play] holds ! sev5 & n9e ( trumps1 ! eight hav+ be5 turn$ up2 ! sev5 & n9e are !n ( equal value4 #bi ,sometimes ! pref]5ce is giv5 to ! eld] h&1 irrespective ( ! value ( ! c>ds4 #cj ,! words betwe5 brackets apply ( c\rse to ?ree-c>d loo4 ,sometimes ! deal] is all[$1 aft] deal+ "o c>d to ea* play]1 to deal ?ree toge!r = a miss1 b ! practice is irregul>4 ,at five-c>d ,loo ! ,ec>te me?od ( deal+ 7fir/ by ?rees1 & !n by twos1 or vice v]sa7 is sometimes adopt$4 #ca ,= an in/ructive s]ies ( illu/rative h&s at ,napoleon1 see ! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games4 #cb ,a hav+ made sev5 out ( twelve4 #cc ,see 9 p>ticul> ! excell5t treatise on ! game by ,cav5di%1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,de ,la ,rue ,co4 #cd ,= ! au?oris$ ,laws ( ! ,game1 9 its mod]n =m1 see ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games1 or ! treatise ( ,cav5di% be=e m5tion$4 #ce ,z ! game is sometimes play$1 ! deal]1 & n ! ,age1 puts up ! ante1 b ! contr>y is ! m usual practice4 #cf ,?is be+ a compulsory /ake on an unkn[n h&1 x is prud5t to make x z small z possible4 #cg ,! ,age1 z a rule1 goes 91 ev5 ) poor c>ds2 if he passes1 he is b\nd to lose ! half /ake already put up1 & x is1 !re=e1 g5]ally wor? 8 :ile to risk ! o!r half4 #ch ,%\ld ,b h already ?r[n up 8 c>ds1 ! privilege does n pass to ,c4 ,!re is a maxim on ?is po9t1 ,! ,age nev] passes4 #ci ,"s play]s on a second r\nd only all[ ! jack-pot to be op5$ by a pair ( que5s1 or bett]2 on a ?ird1 only by a pair ( k+s1 or bett]2 & on a f\r?1 only by a pair ( aces1 or bett]2 b ! practice is n recomm5d$4 ,no play]1 ev5 ?\gh hold+ ! ne$ful c>ds1 is b\nd to op5 ! jack-pot unless he pleases4 #dj ,/rictly speak+1 ea* deal] 9 rotation %\ld himself dress ! bo>d1 b x w be f\nd m conv5i5t to depute "s "o play] to d s ?r\gh\t ! game4 #da ,by "s play]s ! deal] is all[$ ! privilege ( look+ at ! extra c>ds 7sometimes1 b incorrectly1 !mselves spok5 ( z ! /ops71 & to act z a k9d ( ref]ee z to :e!r a giv5 c>d is a /op or o!rwise1 b ! practice is n recomm5d$4 #db ,! ,mis]e is n[ introduc$ into ,napoleon4 ,see p4 #if4 #dc ,= m m9ute in=mation1 & = a numb] ( illu/rative h&s1 see ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games4 #dd ,! "r to deal is usually decid$ by a prelim9>y deal ( fac$ c>ds1 ! fir/ ace1 or fir/ knave1 z may be agre$1 hav+ ! pref]5ce4 ,9 "s circles1 aft] ! c>ds are cut1 ! deal] is all[$ to look at ! bottom c>d1 & if su* c>d prove to be an ace or t5? c>d1 he also looks at ! top c>d4 ,if ! two =m a natural1 he is entitl$ to receive d\ble ! m9imum /ake all r\nd4 ,?is privilege is kn[n z ! brulet1 f ! fact t x is dep5d5t on ! nature ( ! bottom c>d1 :i* is always1 9 ! ,fr5* phrase1 brule 7lit]ally1 burnt7 i4e4 ?r[n aside :5 rea*$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! deal1 & n dealt to any play]4 ,! brulet has nev] be5 recognis$ z an ess5tial "p ( ! game1 & is n[ g5]ally ab&on$4 #de ,"s play]s risk ! maximum /ake on a sev51 b we "q ! exp$i5cy ( do+ s4 #df ,?is am\nt is ! same z is paid = an ord9>y ,v+t-,un1 i4e4 "o made ) m ?an two c>ds4 ,sometimes1 by agreem5t1 a natural receives d\ble ! am\nt ( an ord9>y4 #dg ,_m play]s habitually /& at fifte51 & if ! deal] is a reckless play]1 ) a t5d5cy to ov]draw1 x may be good policy to /& ^u an ev5 small] figure4 ,cav5di% is 9 fav\r ( /&+1 z a rule1 on fifte54 #dh ,pron\nc$ l pony4 #di ,example4 ,a ?ree1 two sixes1 & a knave are drawn4 ,! two sixes draw aga91 & ! l[] plays ) ! ?ree4 ,suppose1 at ! second draw1 ! two sixes draw a k+ & a que51 ! que5 plays ) ! ?ree4 ,if at ! second draw1 a l[] c>d ?an ! ?ree is drawn1 ! ?ree /ill reta9s its privileges z orig9al l[1 & has ! deal & *oice ( c>ds & seats4 #ej ,example4 ,?ree aces & a two are drawn4 ,! ?ree aces draw aga94 ,! two is ! orig9al high1 & plays ) ! highe/ ( ! next draw4 ,suppose1 at ! second draw1 two m twos & a k+ are drawn4 ,! k+ plays ) ! orig9al two1 & ! o!r pair ( twos draw aga9 = deal4 ,suppose1 in/ead1 ! second draw to consi/ ( an ace & two knaves4 ,! two knaves draw aga91 & ! high] plays ) ! two4 #ea ,vide ,law #bf4 #eb ,vide ,law #bi4 #ec ,aft] ! two packets h be5 re-unit$1 ,law #cj comes into op]ation4 #ed ,vide also ,laws #cf & #da4 #ee ,vide also ,law #bh4 #ef ,! pack be+ p]fect4 ,vide ,law #da4 #eg ,except z provid$ 9 ,law #cf4 #eh ,x is n usual to call ! trump c>d if left on ! table4 #ei ,vide ,law #ge4 #fj ,e4g41 ,if a s+le is scor$ by mi/ake = a d\ble or treble1 or vice v]sa4 #fa ,vide also ,law #dj4 #fb ,vide ,law #ha4 #fc ,! m complicat$ =ms ( ! s-call$ ,am]ican leads are n set out1 z !y nev] ga9$ g5]al acceptance4 #fd ,?is p5alty is n affect$ by a d\ble4 #fe ,pron\nc$ tray1 kat]1 sank1 & size1 respectively4 #ff ,?is applies m p>ticul>ly t[>ds ! close ( ! game4 ,! leav+ ( a blot at ! outset1 :5 five out ( six ( ! po9ts 9 ! adv]s>y's table are /ill op51 is a comp>atively unimportant matt]4 #fg ,?is leaves a blot on ! deuce po9t 9 y\r out] table1 b ?is is a trifl+ disadvantage z comp>$ ) ! ga9 ( at once secur+ f\r po9ts side by side4 ,!re are only ?ree ?r[s1 six ace1 c9que deuce1 & quatre trois1 t w enable ! adv]s>y to hit ! blot2 & y\r next ?r[ w 9 all probability enable y to place x beyond ! rea* ( dang]1 ei!r by play+ ano!r man on ! same po9t1 or by transf]r+ ! solit>y man to "o ( ! po9ts already made4 #fh ,= fur!r in=mation z to ! game & its *ances1 see ! article on ,backgammon 9 ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games 7,r\tl$ge71 ( :i* ! pres5t pap] is an abridgm5t4 #fi ,= a description ( o!r =ms ( ! game1 see ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games 7,r\tl$ge74 #gj ,see p4 #bif4 #ga ,?r\gh\t ^! rules1 col\r$ balls mean ! six balls 7n ,r$7 specifi$ 9 ,rule #b4 #gb ,vide page #bij1 ,def9ition #d4 #gc ,= full] in=mation on ! subject ( ! game1 see ,mr4 ,l4 ,h(f]'s excell5t treatise on ,*ess 9 ,! ,book ( ,c>d & ,table ,games 7repr9t$ sep>ately 9 ! ,oval ,s]ies1 ,r\tl$ge4 #a''s4''71 ( :i* ?is section is a mu* cond5s$ abridgm5t4 #gd ,= ! mean+ ( ^! lett]s & figures1 see ,*ess ,notation 7p4 #cdc74 #ge ,?is is possible 9 case ( a *eck ) ,que51 ,rook1 or ,bi%op1 b n 9 case ( *eck ) a ,knight or pawns4 #gf ,f ! ,italian ,gambetto1 a trip up4 #gg ,) two ,bi%ops *eckmate c be =c$1 :il/ ) two ,knights only *eckmate _c be giv5 aga9/ ! be/ def5ce4 #gh ,int5d+ to e/abli% a c5tre at once4 #gi ,consid]$ ! be/ reply4 ,black develops a piece & attacks a pawn4 #hj ,or #h4 444 ,kt takes ,p2 #i4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,p to ,q #d2 #aj4 ,b to ,q #c2 ,p takes ,kt2 #aa4 ,b takes ,p1 ,kt to ,k #b1 c4 #ha ,if #aa41 ,kt takes ,r1 ,black w\ld proce$ ) #aa4 444 ,q to ,k #b2 #ab4 ,kt to ,b #g1 ,b takes ,p2 *42 #ac4 ,r takes ,b1 ,p takes ,r2 *42 #ad4 ,k takes ,p1 ,kt to ,kt #e2 *42 #ae4 ,k to ,kt #c1 ,q to ,b #c2 #af4 ,q to ,b #c1 ,q to ,kt #b1 c41 ) a p[]ful attack4 #hb ,a safe def5ce1 ?\gh tr\blesome = a "t4 #hc ,! be/ move1 ,:ite ?reat5+ ) #aa4 ,p to ,q #e to w9 a piece4 #hd #ab4 ,b to ,k #b is a s\nd] move4 #he ,! be/ move4 #ab4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #c may also be play$2 b n #ab4 444 ,p to ,q ,r #d1 because x weak5s ! pawns on ! ,que5's side = ! ,end game4 #hf ,because ,black ?reat5s #ae4 444 ,kt to ,k #d1 & aft] #af4 444 ,b or ,kt takes ,kt2 #ag4 ,p takes ,kt1 ,q to ,kt #d3 *41 w9n+ ! ,k ,p4 #hg ,?is move is inf]ior to #i4 ,p to ,k #e4 #hh ,! be/ move4 #aa4 444 ,kt to ,b #c w\ld be inf]ior4 #hi ,black gives up a pawn = a tempor>y c\nt]-attack3 ,x is a saf] def5ce ?an #e4 444 ,kt takes ,p4 #ij ,! only "r squ>e = ! ,bi%op1 because x secures a retreat = ! ,knight on bo? sides1 z w be se5 by ! sequel4 #ia ,if #g4 444 ,p takes ,b1 ,:ite gets ! piece back ) #h4 ,kt takes ,kt1 ,p takes ,kt2 #i4 ,r to ,k sq41 c4 #ib ,"h aga91 if #h4 ,p takes ,b1 ,:ite replies #i4 ,q to ,q #e1 c4 #ic ,z be=e1 if #i4 444 ,p takes ,b2 #aj4 ,q to ,q #e foll[s4 #id ,! orig9al move ^u :i* ! op5+ 0 bas$4 ,b x is uns\nd1 z ! two specim5s giv5 suffici5tly prove4 ,! alt]native cont9uation is #c4 444 ,b to ,k #b2 #d4 ,p to ,q #c1 foll[$ by #e4 ,kt to ,b #c1 c4 #ie ,if #f4 444 ,r takes ,kt1 !n #g4 ,q to ,r #e3 *41 ,k to ,q #b2 #h4 ,b takes ,kt1 ,r takes ,b2 #i4 ,q takes ,p3 *41 & :]ev] ! ,k+ moves ! ,que5 mates4 #if ,if in/ead ( ! text move #aa4 444 ,p to ,b #e1 ,:ite w9s ) #ab4 ,r to ,k sq4 #ig ,?reat5+ #i4 ,q to ,kt #e2 *41 ,k to ,q #c2 #aj4 ,b to ,b #d3 *4 & #aa4 ,q to ,k #e3 *41 c4 #ih #aj4 444 ,p to ,b #d w\ld be imm$iately fatal4 #ii ,if #ab4 444 ,k takes ,b1 !n #ac4 ,q takes ,k ,p3 *41 ,k to ,kt #d2 #ad4 ,kt to ,b #c4 *41 ,k to ,kt #c2 #ae4 ,q to ,q #d2 *41 c4 #ajj ,if #ae4 444 ,q takes ,q3 !n #af4 ,r to ,r #d3 *41 ,k moves2 #ag4 ,kt mates ei!r at ,kt #c or at ,kt sq4 accord+ly4 #aja ,attack+ ! ,rook4 #ajb #aa4 ,p to ,k ,kt #c w\ld be bad1 because ( #aa4 444 ,p takes ,p2 #ab4 ,q takes ,p1 ,r to ,b sq43 *42 #ac4 ,k to ,kt #b1 ,q to ,r #d1 ?reat5+ #ad4 444 ,b to ,r #e1 w9n+4 #ajc ,n #ab4 ,p takes ,p1 because 9 su* case ,black replies #ab4 444 ,p to ,kt #f1 & w9s4 #ajd ,if #g4 ,q to ,b #c1 ,black replies #g4 444 ,p to ,kt #g3 *42 #h4 ,k takes ,p1 ,p to ,k ,b #c2 #i4 ,b takes ,kt1 ,r takes ,b2 #aj4 ,q takes ,p1 ,b to ,k #b2 #aa4 ,q to ,k ,b #c1 ,r to ,b sq41 ) ! bett] position4 #aje ,mean+ ,flank4 #ajf ,! "w ( :i* ! pres5t article is an abridgm5t4 ,! ,op5+s "h giv5 w be f\nd treat$ 9 ?is book at mu* great] l5g?1 ) o!rs sc>cely less valuable1 & a fund ( g5]al ,*ess in=mation4 #ajg ,9 ,engl& x 0 =m]ly ! cu/om to play on ! :ite squ>es1 b ! ,scotti% practice ( us+ ! black squ>es is n[ g5]ally adopt$4 ,s f> z ! c\rse ( play is conc]n$1 ! "o plan is z good z ! o!r2 & 9 all treatises on ! game ! m5 are1 = typographical reasons1 %[n on ! :ite squ>es4 ,?is involves a correspond+ alt]ation ( ! position ( ! bo>d1 :i* is %[n ) a :ite bottom squ>e on ! left h&4 #ajh ,a play] may be huff$ = n tak+ ! full numb] ( m5 he %\ld h tak5 by ! play adopt$4 ,?us if he takes "o man only1 :]e by ! same play1 duly cont9u$1 he c\ld h tak5 two1 he is liable to ! huff4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he has ! *oice ( two moves1 by "o ( :i* he w\ld take a l>g] numb] ( m5 tak5 ?an by ! o!r1 he is "u no obligation to adopt t move4 #aji ,see p4 #dfi1 footnote4 #aaj ,?is is a m common me?od ( play at ,tr5te et ,qu>ante 7see p4 #dfh74 #aaa ,a ,g]man ma!matician is said to h calculat$ ! p]c5tage 9 fav\r ( ! ,banks to be #a4bh p] c5t4 #aab ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t z ! play] is at lib]ty to )draw half 8 /ake :5 !re is a ,refait1 he is really pay+ a premium ( #a p] c5t4 to insure only half 8 /ake4 #aac ,if !re 7 no limit e "o c\ld w9 at ,monte ,c>lo1 by ! simple me?od ( d\bl+ up aft] ea* loss4 ,h5ce sans maximum1 z]o does n prev5t ! ,bank f los+4 #aad ,mo/ sy/em play]s try to w9 a p]c5tage ( _! capital p] diem4 ,hav+ done s1 !y retire f ! table4 ,by gr& c\p is meant ?is am\nt ( daily w9n+s4 ,!re is no reason :y a play] %\ld n play 8 sy/em ad inf9itum4 ,he1 h[ev]1 in/9ctively kn[s ! grave risk he is runn+ by cont9u+ 8 game1 & is g5]ally v pleas$ to retire aft] hav+ made a c]ta9 daily pr(it4 #aae ,9 ! s]ies %[n on p4 #deg1 _h a play] be5 =tunate en\gh to h play$ a ,lab\*]e rev]s$ on ,black1 he w\ld h won #hij units4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,corrections made to pr9t$ orig9al3 ,p4 #da 7,score = ,?ree t5? c>ds 9 sequ5ce & two fives73--#ag1 pr9t$ z #aa 9 orig9al4 ,p4 #abg 79 a flu% or sequ5ce lack+ "o c>d73--c>d1 pr9t$ z c>e 9 orig9al4 ,p4 #ced 79 ,! ,kt "h attacks ,black's ,k ,p73--,black1 pr9t$ z ,:ite 9 orig9al4 ,p4 #cga 9 he _c play #bj4 444 ,r takes ,r ! fir/ ,r is miss+ 9 pr9t$ copy & has be5 re/or$ by consid]+ ! position4 ,additional mat]ial = ,project ,gut5b]g ,edition ,=sy?-,edw>ds ,notation = ,*ess & ,draughts figures ,,*ess ,fig4 #e4 ,draw+ by p]petual *eck4 #ak#f_/bp#e_/,qp,b#e_/a,p#f_/h_/,p#b;b#d _/a,p#f_/,k#an#e ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration ( /alemate4 #ak#f_/a,p#f_/a,k#f_/h_/h_/h_/h_/h ,fig4 #g4 ,giuoco ,piano4 ,position aft] ,black's #ae? move4 r#bnk#br_/pppbqp#b_/a;b#cnpp_/#dp#c_/d,p #c_/b,p#a;,,bnn#a_/,,ppb#a,,qppp_/,r#d,, rk#a ,fig4 #h4 ,giuoco ,piano4 ,position aft] ,:ite's #bh? move4 #cr#d_/app#bp#ak_/#apn#bnpp_/#dp,n#b_/bq #a,p#c_/,p#a,p#a,q#a,,np_/#a,p#c,,pp#a_/ e,,rk#a ,fig4 #i4 ,evans ,gambit4 ,position aft] ,:ite's #ai? ,move4 #arbq#ark#a_/p#a;b#cpp_/#cp#apn#a_/np#a, p#a,n#b_/bp#a,p#c_/e,n#b_/,,pb#a,,qbppp_ /#b,r#b,r#a,k ,fig4 #aj4 ,two ,knights' ,def5ce4 ,position aft] ,black's #i? move4 r#a;bq#a;b#ar_/pp#bn#app_/#bp#ak#c_/cnp# c_/b;,,bp#d_/b,n#b,q#b_/,,ppp#b,,ppp_/,r #a;,b#a,k#b,r ,fig4 #aa4 ,scot* ,gambit4 ,position aft] ,:ite's #aa? ,move4 r#a;bqr#c_/ppp#bk#ap_/#bn#cp#a_/b,,qp#d_ /cp#d_/h_/,,ppp#b,,ppp_/,,rnbq#c,r ,fig4 #ab4 ,muzio ,gambit4 ,position aft] ,black's #e? ,move4 rnbqkbnr_/pppp#ap#ap_/#h_/h_/b;,b#a,pp#b _/ep#b_/,,pppp#b,,pp_/,,rnbq#a,,rk#a ,fig4 #ac4 ,:ite pawn advantage4 ,black to ,move & ,draw4 r#g_/h_/q#g_/h_/h_/a,p#ek_/#a,r#f_/f,,qk ,fig4 #ad4 ,k+ & pawn aga9/ ,k+4 ,black to ,move & ,draw4 #h_/h_/h_/h_/h_/a,p#ek_/#h_/f,k#a ,fig4 #ae4 ,k+ & pawn aga9/ ,k+4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 #h_/h_/h_/h_/h_/ak#f_/f,p#a_/b,k#e ,fig4 #af4 ,k+ & ,que5 aga9/ ,k+4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 #h_/h_/dk#c_/h_/h_/h_/h_/,,kq#f ,fig4 #ag4 ,two ,rooks & ,k+ aga9/ ,k+4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 #h_/h_/h_/ck#d_/h_/h_/h_/,,krr#e ,fig4 #ah4 ,k+ & ,rook aga9/ ,k+4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 #h_/h_/h_/dk#c_/h_/b,k#e_/h_/a,r#f ,fig4 #ai4 ,k+ & two ,bi%ops aga9/ ,k+4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 #h_/h_/h_/h_/ek,b,b_/#h_/h_/,k#g ,fig4 #bj4 ,k+1 ,bi%op1 & ,knight aga9/ ,k+4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 #h_/h_/h_/,k#ak#d;,b_/#h_/h_/h_/,n#g ,,draughts ,fig4 #c4 ,two ,k+s to ,"o4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 ,,wk#aa1,k#bb3;,,bk#e ,fig4 #d4 ,?ree ,k+s to ,two4 ,:ite to ,move & ,w94 ,,wk#aa1,k#ae1,k#ah3;,,bk#e1,k#bh ,fig4 #e4 ,fir/ ,position4 ,black to ,move & ,w94 ,w#cj1,k#h3;,b#bb1bg ,fig4 #f4 ,second ,position4 ,black to ,move & ,w94 ,w#ab1ac1,k#aa3;,b#c1f1,k#e ,fig4 #g4 ,?ird ,position4 ,black to ,move & ,w94 ,,wk#ad1,k#bb3;,b#e1,k#ac1,k#ba ,fig4 #h4 ,f\r? ,position4 ,black to ,move & ,w91 or ,:ite to ,move & ,draw4 ,w#cj1,k#ca1,k#cb3;,b#ba1,k#bb1,k#bc1,k# bh