file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #cidad-;h4htm or #cidad-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #cidad_/pg#cidad-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#cida d_/cidad-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/mascul9ecr ossor#jjlond ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,! orig9al text includes ,greek *>act]s4 ,= ?is text v]sion ^! lett]s h be5 replac$ ) translit]ations4 ,! orig9al text conta9s two symbols t are repres5t$ 9 ?is v]sion z symbol4 ,,! ,,mascul9e ,,cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,god ,indra ,nail$ to a ,cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,buddhi/ ,cross4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross ,common on ,anci5t ,assyrian ,monum5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,hea!n1--,mexican ,cross4 ,,! ,,mascul9e ,,cross ,or ,a ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,crosses & ,_! ,connection ) ! ,my/]ies ( ,sex ,wor%ip ,also an ,acc\nt ( ! ,k9dr$ ,phases ( ,phallic ,fai?s & ,practices4 ,privately ,pr9t$ #aijd4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,cross #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,cross 7,cont9u$7 #bc ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,a ,,sacr$ ,,triad #db ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,a ,,sacr$ ,,triad 7,cont9u$7 #fc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,calf ,,( ,,a>on #gi ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,circumcision #ia ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,&rogyn\s ,,deities1 ,,sex ,,wor%ip1 ,c4 #ajj ,,introductory4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages c]ta9 ?+s suppos$ to be ( comp>atively mod]n orig9 h be5 trac$ back to ! remote/ hi/oric ages ( ! _w2 z a consequ5ce1 x foll[s t ! mod]n symbolical mean+ giv5 to su* ?+s is sometimes only "o acquir$ 9 subsequ5t times1 & n t exactly :i* 0 orig9ally int5d$1--x mu/ n be suppos$1 !re=e1 t ! int]pretation belong+ to ! epo* 9 :i* we are fir/ enabl$ to trace a def9ite mean+ is to be conclusively reg>d$ z t :i* gave bir? to ! =m ( ! symbol4 ,! orig9al may h be5--probably 0--v diff]5t to :at came aft]2 ! />t+ po9t may h be5 simplicity & purity1 :il/ ! developm5ts ( aft] ye>s 7 degrad+ & vici\s4 ,p>ticul>ly s 0 ?is ! case 9 ! ,l+am wor%ip ( ! va/ empire ( ,india2 orig9ally ! adoration ( an ,almighty ,creator ( all ?+s1 x became1 9 "t1 ! wor%ip ( ! reg5]ative p[]s ( mat]ial nature1 & !n ! m]e indulg5ce 9 ! debas$ passions ( an ab&on$ & voluptu\s nature4 ,) reg>d to ! symbol ( ! ,cross1 x may be repugnant to ! feel+s ( "s to be told t _! recognition ( its purely ,*ri/ian orig9 is a mi/ake1 & t x 0 z common 9 ,pagan z 9 m advanc$ times2 !y may f9d consolation1 h[ev]1 9 ! fact t its real beg9n+ 0 fur!r back /ill 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 & t ) ,paganism x 01 z x _h be5 ) ,*ri/ianity1 simply an adopt$ fav\rite4 ,our /ory is tak5 up 9 ! middle epo* ( ! hi/ory1 & %ews ! relation%ip ( ! ?+s we deal ) to prevail+ phallic fai?s & practices4 ,,! ,,mascul9e ,,cross4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,univ]sal preval5ce ( ! ,cross--,mi/akes--,! ,cross n ( ,*ri/ian ,orig9--,*ri/ian ,v5]ation ( ! ,cross--,! ,roman ,ritual--,! ,cross equally hon\r$ by ! ,g5tile & ,*ri/ian ,worlds--,druidical ,crosses--,! ,copt ,oak ( ,*>nwood ,=e/--,assyrian ,crosses 9 ,briti% ,museum--,pectoral ,crosses--,egyptian ,crosses--,greek ,cross--,/4 ,&rew's ,cross--,planet>y ,signs & ,crosses--,monogram ( ,*ri/ at ,s]apis--,cross 9 ,india--,pagodas 9 =m ( ,crosses--,m>iette ,bey's ,discov]y--,buddhi/ & ,roman ,crosses--,*9ese ,crosses--,kamps*atkan ,crosses--,am]ican ,crosses--,cross among ! ,r$ ,indians--,! ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ,p]u--,mexican ,ideas relative to ! ,cross--,! ,spani>ds 9 ,am]ica--,sign ( ! ,cross--,cross z an ,amulet--,hot-cross ,buns--,t]tullian on ! ,use ( ! ,cross4 ,! univ]sal preval5ce ( ! cross z an ornam5t & symbol dur+ ! la/ eighte5 c5turies 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has l$ to "s great1 if n grave1 mi/akes4 ,x has be5 suppos$1 & = v>i\s obvi\s reasons v naturally s1 to be ( exclusively ,*ri/ian orig91 & to repres5t mat]ially no m ?an ! in/rum5t by :i* ! f\nd] ( t religion 0 put to dea?2 &1 spiritually or symbolically1 fai? 9 ! sacrificial aton+ "w he !n complet$4 ,!re are n a few p ab\t :o1 hav+ become imbu$ ) ?is idea1 ru% to ! ha/y conclusion t :]ev] ! cross is f\nd1 & ^u :atev] monum5ts1 x indicates a connection ) ,*ri/ianity1 & is !re=e ( comp>atively mod]n orig94 ,hi/ory1 9 consequ5ce1 becomes a /range & unfa?omable my/]y1 especially :5 x belongs to k+doms ( well-kn[n great antiquity1 among/ ^: symbols or ornam5ts ! cross is pl5tiful1 & ! m9d f9ds itself involv$ 9 a confusion f :i* x _c readily extricate itself4 ,nev] 0 !re a great] blund] p]petrat$1 or a m ignorant "o1 ?an ! notion ( ! figure ( ! cross ow+ its orig9 to ! in/rum5t ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 & ! ,*ri/ian :o f9ds com=t 9 press+ x to 8 lips 9 ! h\r ( devotion or ( tr\ble mu/ be rem9d$ t ! anci5t ,egyptian did a simil> ?+4 ,! fact is1 !re is great simil>ity betwe5 ! cross wor%ip1 or v5]ation if y please1 ( anci5t & mod]n times4 ,*ri/ians1 we "k1 are apt to repudiate ! *>ge ( r5d]+ wor%ip to ?is symbol1 b x is cle> f :at is pr9t$ 9 "s ( _! books ( devotion t "s sort ( wor%ip is actually r5d]$1 ?\gh disguis$ "u o!r names4 ,z to ! v5]ation ?us (f]$ be+ "r or wrong1 we "h say no?+2 ! fact only conc]ns u s f> z x relates to ! subject we h 9 h&4 ,if we op5 ! ,tablet 7,roman ,ca?olic newspap]7 = ! #bf? ( ,novemb]1 #ahec1 we read3--,^? ( our read]s :o h visit$ ,rome w1 d\btless1 h rem>k$1 at ! foot ( ! /airs :i* desc5d f ! squ>e ( ! ,capitol to ! squ>e ( ! ,campo ,vacc9o1 "u ! flight ( /eps 9 front ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,joseph1 & ov] ! door ( ! ,mam]t9e prison1 a v anci5t wood5 crucifix1 be=e :i* lamps & wax tap]s are con/antly burn+1 & surr\nd$ on all sides ) exvotos & te/imonies ( public ?anksgiv+4 ,no image ( ! crucifi$ ,savi\r is inve/$ ) great] v5]ation4444 ,! wor%ip yield$ to ! holy crucifix ( ,campo ,vacc9o is univ]sal at ,rome1 & is transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! fa!rs tea* x to ! *ildr51 & 9 all ! mis=tunes & all ! trials ( life ! fir/ idea is almo/ always to h rec\rse to ! holy crucifix1 ! object ( su* g5]al v5]ation1 & ! s\rce ( s _m fav\rs4 ,x is1 above all1 9 sickness t ! succ\r ( ! holy image is invok$ ) m confid5ce & m eag]ness4444 ,!re are few families 9 ,rome :o h n to ?ank ! holy crucifix = "s fav\r & "s b5efit4444 ,9 ! int]val ( ! s]mons & o!r public ex]cises ( devotion ! holy crucifix1 expos$ on ! high alt> 9 ! mid/ ( floods ( light1 saw incessantly pro/rat$ be=e x a cr[d ( ador]s & suppliants4444 ,z soon z ! holy image ( ! ,savi\r _h appe>$ on ! ,=um1 ! ,holy ,fa!r advanc$ on ! ext]ior flight ( /eps ( ! *ur* to receive x1 & :5 ! %r9e _h arriv$ at ! base ( ! /airs ( ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,luca1 at "s paces f ! flight ( /eps on :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r /ood1 9 ro*et1 /ole1 & pallium ( r$ velvet1 he b[$ be=e ! holy crucifix & v5]at$ x dev\tly4 ,9 h>mony ) ?is1 ! ,missal supplies u ) pray]s & hymns 9 ! s]vice = ,good ,friday1 address$ directly to ! cross4 ,we adore ,?y cross1 ,o ,"l1 & we praise & glorify ,?y holy resurrection2 = by ! wood ( ! cross ! :ole _w is fill$ ) joy4 ,o fai?ful cross1 ,o noble/ tree1 ,9 all our woods !re is none l !e4 ,no e>?ly groves1 no %ady b[]s ,produce su* leaves1 su* fruit1 su* fl[]s4 ,sweet are ! nails & sweet ! wood1 ,:i* bore a weight s sweet & good4 ,o lovely tree1 ^: bran*es bore ,! royal purple ( ,8 gore1 ,h[ glori\s does ?y body %9e1 ,support+ memb]s s div9e4 ,hail1 cross6 our hope1 on !e we call ,:o keep ?is pas*al fe/ival2 ,grant to ! j increase ( grace1 ,& e s9n]'s guilt efface4 ,!re is some?+ unusually rem>kable ab\t ! popul>ity ( ! cross2 we c h>dly po9t to a "t :51 or to a "p ( ! _w :]e1 x has n be5 9 fav\r4 ,x has ent]$ into ! con/itution ( religions ( ! mo/ opposite "*1 has be5 transmitt$ f "o to ano!r1 & ?\gh orig9ally belong+ to ! rude/ =m ( pagan idolatry1 is n[ e/eem$ highly by ^? :o pr(ess to h adopt$ ! l(tie/ ideal ( civilis$ wor%ip4 ,aft] m5tion+ ! fact ( its popul>ity 9 ! pagan _w1 ,mr4 ,maurice rem>ks3 ,let n ! piety ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ri/ian be (f5d$ at ! prec$+ ass]tion1 t ! cross 0 "o ( ! mo/ usual symbols among ! hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt & ,india4 ,equally hon\r$ 9 ! ,g5tile & ! ,*ri/ian _w1 ?is emblem ( univ]sal nature--( t _w to ^: f\r qu>t]s its div]g+ radii po9t$--decorat$ ! h&s ( mo/ ( ! sculptur$ images 9 ! =m] c\ntry1 & 9 ! latt] /amp$ its =m ^u ! mo/ maje/ic %r9es ( _! deities4 ,"h we may pr(itably glance at a few diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w & at "s ( ! pa/ ages1 9 trac+ out ! possible orig9 & mean+ ( ?is symbol4 ,9 ,brita9 !re h be5 f\nd monum5ts s anci5t & ) su* surr\nd+s t b = c]ta9 peculi> m>ks !y w\ld unhesitat+ly h be5 put d[n z ,druidical4 ,!y are m>k$ ) ! cross1 & 9 ! e/imation ( "s1 z we h already po9t$ out1 t is reg>d$ z conclusive pro( ( ,*ri/ian orig94 ,! inf]5ce1 h[ev]1 is a false "o1 ! monum5ts are too old = ,*ri/ianity1 & ! cruci=m et*+s ^u !m belong to ano!r religi\s sy/em altoge!r4 ,x is kn[n t ! ,druids consecrat$ ! sacr$ oak by cutt+ x into ! %ape ( a cross1 & s necess>y 0 x reg>d$ to h x 9 ?is =m1 t if ! lat]al bran*es 7 n l>ge en\gh to con/ruct ! figure prop]ly1 two o!rs 7 fix$ z arms on ei!r side ( ! trunk4 ,! cross hav+ be5 ?us con/ruct$1 ! ,ar*-,druid asc5d$ & wrote ! "n ( ! ,deity ^u ! trunk at ! place ( int]section1 & on ! extremities ( ! arms4 ,! peculi> int]e/ atta*$ to ?is idol lies 9 ! fact t x is describ$ by ! be/ au?orities z ! ,gallic or ,celtic ,tau4 ,! ,tau1 says ,davies 9 8 ,celtic ,rese>*es1 0 ! symbol ( ! ,druidical ,jupit]4 ,x consi/$ ( a huge gr& oak depriv$ ( all its bran*es1 except only two l>ge ones :i*1 ?\gh cut (f & sep>at$1 7 susp5d$ f ! top ( its trunk-l susp5d$ arms4 ,! idol1 say o!rs1 0 9 reality a cross1 ! same 9 =m z ! l+a4 ,a few ye>s ago1 ne> ! hill ( ,b>don1 9 ! middle ( ,*>nwood =e/1 9 ! c\nty ( ,leice/]1 !re grew & p]haps /ill gr[s1 a v old tree call$ ! ,copt ,oak4 ,?is tree1 !re is reason to believe1 0 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s old1 & once =m$ a ,celtic ,tau4 ,=ty ye>s ago1 a writ] :o knew ! tree well1 said t its condition !n sugge/$ v di/9ctly ! possibility ( ! tru?fulness ( ! /ory4 ,x 0 describ$ z a va/ tree1 !n r$uc$ to a m]e %ell betwe5 two & ?ree in*es only 9 ?ickness1 p]=at$ by sev]al op5+s1 & alive only 9 ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! %ell2 be>+ small bran*es1 b su* z c\ld n h gr[n :5 ! tree 0 entire2 !n x mu/ h _h bran*es ( a size n less ?an an oak ( ord9>y dim5sions4 ,?is 0 evid5t f "o ( ! op5+s 9 ! upp] "p ( ! %ell ( ! trunk1 exactly su* z a decay$ bran* w\ld produce4 ,! tree 0 evid5tly ( gigantic size 9 its e>li] days1 z %[n by its measurem5t at ! date we are speak+ (4 ,! rema9s ( ! trunk 7 tw5ty feet high1 ! height prop] = ! ,tau1 & ! circumf]5ce at ! gr\nd 0 tw5ty-f\r feet2 at ! height ( t5 feet ! gir? 0 tw5ty1 giv+ a diamet] ( ne>ly sev5 feet4 ,?is tree1 we h said1 0 call$ ! ,copt ,oak2 ! epi!t copt1 or copp$1 may be d]iv$ f ! ,celtic cop--a head1 & evid5tly indicates t ! tree _h be5 head$ & r$uc$ to ! /ate ( a b>e trunk4 ,! idol1 z already describ$1 0 =m$ by cutt+ away ! bran*es ( ! tree1 :i* 0 always a l>ge "o1 & affix+ a beam1 =m+ a cross ) ! b>e trunk4#a ,f "t immemorial ! ,copt ,oak has borne a celebrity t be>s out ! tradition ( its anci5t sacr$ness4 ,pott]1 ! hi/orian ( ! =e/ ( ,*>nwood1 writes t x 0 "o ( ! ?ree places at :i* ,swanimotes 7 held1 always 9 ! op5 air1 = ! regulation ( rights & claims on ! =e/2 & p]sons h be5 kn[n ev5 9 late times to h att5d$ su* motes4 ,at ?is spot1 he says1 x may be "u ?is tree1 ,edric ! ,=e/] is said to h h>angu$ 8 =ces aga9/ ! ,norman invasion2 & "h too1 9 ! ,p>liam5t>y tr\bles ( #afdb1 ! ,e>l ( ,/am=d assembl$ ! tra9$ b&s ( ! di/rict4 ,^! facts1 says ,dudley1 m>k ! ,copt ,oak extraord9>y1 & %[1 t not)/&+ ! lapse ( two ?\s& ye>s1 ! trunk 0 at t di/ant p]iod a sacr$ /ructure1 a ,celtic idol2 & t x is illu/rative ( antiqu>ian records4 ,/ill fur!r back 9 hi/ory ?an ! =ego+ are we able to trace ?is s+ul> figure4 ,if we visit ! ,assyrian gall]ies ( ! ,briti% ,museum we %all obs]ve life-size effigies 9 /one ( ! k+s ,samsi-,rammanu1 ,b4,c4 #hbe1 & ,assur-,nazir-,pal1 ,b4,c4 #hhj2 susp5d$ f ! necks ( ^! mon>*s & re/+ ^u _! brea/s are prom95tly sculptur$ ,maltese crosses ab\t ?ree in*es 9 l5g? & wid?2 !y are 9 a good /ate ( pres]vation1 & w amply repay anyone = ! tr\ble ( an inspection1 %\ld !y be desir\s ( pursu+ ?is enquiry4 ,9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic diction>ies we f9d ^! ornam5ts describ$ z pectoral crosses--crosses ( preci\s metal worn at ! brea/ by bi%ops & abbots z a m>k ( _! (fice1 & sometimes also by canons1 etc41 :o h obta9$ ! privilege f ,rome4 ,x is /at$ ^! pectorals 7 n g5]ally us$ by ! ,roman ecclesia/ics till ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 h[ev] t may be1 x is a fact1 z prov$ by ! ,assyrian sculptures1 t !y are ne>ly1 if n m ?an1 ?ree ?\s& ye>s old1 & n ! lea/ int]e/+ feature di/+ui%+ !m is _! p]fect simil>ity ( design4 ,x is /range t we mod]ns--! disciples ( ,*ri/--%\ld h _h suppli$ to u at t remote p]iod ! patt]n ( an ornam5t or symbol :i* we are accu/om$ to reg>d z emblematic ( ess5tial features ( our religion1 b x is true4 ,look across n[ to ,egypt & we f9d monum5ts & tombs lit]ally b$iz5$ ) ! cross1 & t too 9 a v>iety ( %apes4 ,long1 long be=e ,*ri/1 ! ,ibis 0 repres5t$ ) human h&s & feet1 hold+ ! /aff ( ,isis 9 "o h&1 & a globe & cross 9 ! o!r4 ,"h we are 9 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t k+doms ( ! _w--a k+dom s anci5t t its ye>s are lo/ 9 obscurity--yet /ill ! cross is f\nd4 ,:atev] x may h repres5t$ 9 o!r c\ntries1 & :atev] may be its mean+ "h1 f ! positions 9 :i* x is f\nd & f its con/ant association ) ecclesia/ical p]sonages & (fices1 x 0 evid5tly "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ ( _! symbols4 ,two =ms1 among o!rs1 are common1 "o a simple cross ( f\r limbs ( equal l5g?1 ! o!r t %ap$ l ! lett] ,x2 ! fir/ is g5]ally kn[n z ! ,greek cross1 ! second z t ( ,/4 ,&rew1 bo? h[ev] be+ ( ! same =m & ow+ _! diff]5t appe>ance only to ! position 9 :i* !y are plac$4 ,x is well kn[n1 probably1 to mo/ ( our read]s t ! a/ronomical signs ( c]ta9 ( ! planets consi/ ( crosses1 cresc5ts1 circles1 & 9 anci5t ,egypt ^! 7 precisely ! same z ^? n[ us$4 ,saturn 0 repres5t$ by a cross surm\nt+ a ram's horn1 ,jupit] by a cross b5ea? a horn1 ,v5us by a cross b5ea? a circle1 ! ,e>? by a cross )9 a circle1 ,m]cury by a cross surm\nt$ by a circle & cresc5t1 & ,m>s by a cross above a circle4 ,^! may /ill be se5 9 almanacs1 & on ! l>ge col\r$ bottles 9 ! w9d[s ( ! druggi/4 ,9 ! h&s ( ,isis1 ,osiris1 & ,h]mes1 correspond+ ) ! ,v5us1 ,jupit]1 & ,m]cury ( ! ,greeks1 are also f\nd ! above signs4 ,:5 ! temple ( ,s]apis1 at ,alex&ria1 0 de/roy$ by "o ( ! ,*ri/ian emp]ors1 x is relat$ by sev]al hi/orians1 ,socrates & ,sozom51 = in/ance1 t b5ea? ! f\ndation 0 discov]$ ! monogram ( ,*ri/2 & t consid]able disput+ arose 9 consequ5ce !re(1 ! ,g5tiles endeav\r+ to use x = _! own purposes1 & ! ,*ri/ians insi/+ t ! cross1 be+ uneasy b5ea? ! weight or dom9ion ( ! temple1 ov]?rew x4 ,if we turn to ,india we f9d ! cross almo/ z common z 9 ,egypt & ,europe1 & n ! lea/ int]e/+ feature ( ! matt] is ! curi\s fact t a numb] ( ! pagodas are actually cruci=m 9 /ructure4 ,jaganna? is ! "n ( "o ( ! m\?s ( ! ,ganges1 ^u :i* 0 built ! great pagoda :]e ! ,great ,brahm9 or ,high ,prie/ resid$4 ,we 7 told ye>s ago1 by travell]s1 t ! =m ( ! *oir or int]ior 0 simil> 9 proportion to all ! o!rs1 :i* 7 built ^u ! same model1 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,! pagoda at ,b5>es1 also1 0 9 ! figure ( a cross1 hav+ its arms equal4 ,aft] ! above1 9 importance1 0 ! pagoda at ,muttra2 ?is likewise 0 cruci=m4 ,"o ( ^! temples1 t at ,*illambrum on ! ,corom&el coa/1 is said to be f\r miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,"h !re are sev5 l(ty walls "o )9 ! o!r r\nd ! c5tral quadrangle1 & z _m pyramidal gateways 9 ! middle ( ea* side :i* =m ! limbs ( a va/ cross1 consi/+ altoge!r ( tw5ty-eight pyramids4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 f\rte5 9 a r[1 :i* ext5d m ?an a mile 9 "o cont9u\s l9e4 ,:at has be5 call$1 & p]haps ju/ly s1 ! olde/ religi\s monum5t 9 ! _w 0 discov]$ a few ye>s ago by ,m>iette ,bey1 ne> ! ,great ,pyramid4 ,= ages x _h la9 !re1 buri$ 9 ! s&--h[ _m we _c tell1 b v _m we "k2 en\gh to c>ry u back to a v remote pa/4 ,& ?is1 too1 l ! ,indian temples1 0 9 ! %ape ( a cross4 ,r5an visit$ x 9 #ahfe1 & ?\gh he f\nd x 9 _m p>ticul>s diff]5t f ^? kn[n else:]e1 he describ$ ! int]ior1 :i* mu* recall$ ! *amb] ( ! ,great ,pyramid1 z 9 ! =m ( ,t1 ! pr9ciple aisle be+ divid$ 9 ?ree r[s1 ! transv]se aisle 9 two4 ,mr4 ,f]gusson1 ! ar*itect1 also saw x1 &1 :ile admir+ its simple & *a/e gr&eur ( /yle1 ) "s a/oni%m5t describ$ ! =m ( ! pr9cipal *amb] z t ( a ,,cross4 ,& ?is 0 ! plan ( bo? tomb & temple 9 ! e>lie/ ages1 te/ify+ to ! great v5]ation paid to ?is symbol4 ,!re is a rem>kable resemblance betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ crosses ( ,india & ^? us$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! cross ( ! ,buddhi/ is repres5t$ ) leaves & fl[]s spr++ f x1 & plac$ ^u a ,calv>y z by ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,x is repres5t$ 9 v>i\s ways1 b ! %aft ) ! cross-b> & ! ,calv>y rema9 ! same4 ,! tree ( life & k1 or ! jamba tree1 9 _! maps ( ! _w1 is always repres5t$ 9 ! %ape ( a cross1 eighty-f\r yoganas1 or #dbc or #dcb miles high1 includ+ ! ?ree /eps ( ! ,calv>y4 ,f ,india we naturally turn to ,*9a1 &1 ?\gh its use !re is involv$ 9 a deal ( my/]y1 ! cross is f\nd among _! hi]oglyphics1 on ! walls ( _! pagodas & on ! lamps :i* !y us$ to illum9ate _! temples4 ,9 ,kams*atka1 ,b>on ,humboldt f\nd ! cross & rema9s ( hi]oglyphics simil> to ^? ( ,egypt4 ,pass+ into ,am]ica1 we f9d t :at c\ld only be describ$ z p]fect idolatry prevail$ ) respect to ! v5]ation paid to ! cross4 ,?r\gh\t ,mexico & "s p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica ! emblem is con/antly f\nd1 & 9 _m in/ances is evid5tly ( great antiquity4 ,"s travell]s h expla9$ _! pres5ce by attribut+ !m to ! ,spani>ds1 b ^? p f\nd !m !re :5 !y arriv$1 & 7 greatly a/oni%$ at ! spectacle1 n kn[+ h[ to acc\nt = x4 ,a lieut5ant ( ,cortez pass$ ov] f ! isl& ( ,cosumel to ! cont95t1 & coa/$ ! p59sula ( ,yucatan z f> z ,campea*y4 ,ev]y:]e he 0 /ruck ) ! evid5ces ( a high] civilisation1 & 0 a/oni%$ at ! sight ( num]\s l>ge /one crosses1 evid5tly objects ( wor%ip1 :i* he met ) 9 v>i\s places4 ,at ,cozuma an anci5t cross is /ill /&+4 ,"h !re is a temple ( consid]able size1 ) pyramidal t[]s ris+ sev]al /ories above ! re/ ( ! build+1 fac+ ! c>d9al po9ts4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! quadrangul> area )9 /&s a high cross1 con/ruct$ ( /one & lime l ! re/ ( ! temple1 & t5 palms 9 height4 ,! natives reg>d is z ! emblem ( ! god ( ra94 ,! discov]y ( ! cross among/ ! ,r$ ,indians z an object ( wor%ip1 by ! ,spani% mission>ies1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 completely my/ifi$ !m1 & !y h>dly knew :e!r to attribute x to a good or an evil orig9--:e!r x 0 ! "w ( ,/4 ,?omas or ( ! ,devil4 ,! symbol 0 n an occasional spectacle 9 odd places1 z ?\gh !re by accid5t1 x met !m on all sides2 x 0 lit]ally ev]y:]e1 & 9 e v>iety ( =m4 ,x matt]$ n :e!r ! build+ 0 old or new1 inhabit$ or ru9$ & des]t$1 :e!r x 0 a temple or a palace1 !re 0 ! cross 9 all %apes & ( all mat]ials--( m>ble1 gypsum1 wood1 em]ald1 & jasp]4 ,:at 01 p]haps1 /ill m rem>kable 0 ! fact t x 0 associat$ ) c]ta9 o!r ?+s common on ! ,babylonian monum5ts1 su* z ! ble$+ deity1 ! s]p5t & ! sacr$ eagle1 & t x bore ! v same names by :i* x 0 kn[n 9 ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries1 ! tree ( subsi/5ce1 ! wood ( heal?1 ! emblem ( life4 ,9 ?is latt] appellation !re 0 a p>allel to ! "n by :i* x 0 kn[n 9 ,egypt1 & by :i* ! holy ,tau ( ! ,buddhi/s has always be5 kn[n2 ?us plac+1 z has be5 said1 any supposition ( accid5tal co9cid5ce beyond all reasonable debate4 ,9 ! ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ,p]u1 we h "s int]e/+ allusions to ! cross & to ! g5]al sanctity ) :i* x 0 surr\nd$4 ,9 ! city ( ,cozco1 ! ,incas _h "o ( :ite m>ble1 :i* !y call$ a cry/all9e jasp]1 b h[ long !y _h _h x 0 unkn[n4 ,! ,inca1 ,g>cillasso de la ,vega1 said he left 9 ! ye> #aefj1 9 ! ca!dral *ur* ( t city2 x 0 !n hang+ ^u a nail by a li/ ( black velvet2 =m]ly1 :5 9 ! h&s ( ! ,indians1 x _h be5 susp5d$ by a *a9 ( gold & silv]4 ,! =m is ,greek1 t is1 squ>e2 be+ z broad z x 0 long1 & ab\t ?ree f+]s wide4 ,x 0 previ\sly kept 9 "o ( ! royal ap>tm5ts1 call$ ,huaca1 :i* signifi$ a consecrat$ place4 ,! record says t ?\gh ! ,indians did n adore x1 yet !y held x 9 great v5]ation1 ei!r = ! beauty ( x1 or = "s o!r reason :i* !y knew n to assign2 & s 0 obs]v$ among/ !m1 until ! ,m>quess ,don ,francisco ,piz>ro ent]$ ! valley ( ,tumpiz1 :5 by reason ( "s accid5ts :i* befel ,p$ro de ,c&ia !y conceiv$ a great] e/eem & v5]ation = x4 ,! hi/orian compla9s t ! ,spani>ds1 aft] !y _h tak5 ! imp]ial city1 hung up ?is cross 9 ! ve/ry ( a *ur* !y built1 :]eas1 he says1 !y ought to h plac$ a relic ( t k9d ^u ! high alt>1 adorn+ x ) gold & preci\s /ones2 by :i* respect to a ?+ ! ,indians e/eem$ sacr$1 & by assimilat+ ! ord9ances ( ! ,*ri/ian religion z ne> z 0 possible ) ^? :i* ! law ( nature _h taught ?is p1 ! lessons ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld !reby h become m easy & famili>1 & n seem$ s f> e/rang$ f ! pr9ciples ( _! own ,g5tilism4 ,?is cross is aga9 m5tion$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! ,royal ,comm5t>ies1 & two travell]s are describ$ z be+ fill$ ) admiration at see+ crosses erect$ on ! top ( ! high p9nacles ( ! temples & palaces2 ! :i*1 x is said1 7 introduc$ f ! "t t ,p$ro de ,c&ia1 be+ 9 ,tumpiz1 *>m$ or tam$ ! wild bea/s :i* 7 let loose to dev\r him1 & :i*1 simply by virtue ( ! cross :i* he held 9 8 h&1 became g5tle & dome/ic4 ,?is 0 rec\nt$ ) su* admiration by ! ,indians1 :o c>ri$ ! news ( ! miracle to ,cozco1 t :5 ! inhabitants ( ! city und]/ood x !y w5t imm$iately to ! sanctu>y :]e ! jasp] cross already m5tion$ /ood1 &1 hav+ br\ght x =?1 !y ) l\d acclamations ador$ & wor%ipp$ x1 conceiv+ t ?\gh ! sign ( ! cross _h = _m ages be5 cons]v$ by !m 9 high e/eem & v5]ation yet x 0 n ent]ta9$ ) su* devotion z x des]v$1 because !y 7 n z yet acqua9t$ ) its virtues4 ,believ+ t ! sign ( ! cross _h tam$ & %ut ! m\?s ( ! wild bea/s1 !y imag9$ t x _h a l p[] to deliv] !m out ( ! h&s ( _! enemies4 ,on bo? ! nor!rn & s\!rn cont95ts ( ,am]ica ! cross 0 believ$ to possess ! p[] ( re/ra9+ evil spirits1 & 0 ! common symbol ( ! god ( ra9 & ( heal?4 ,! p pray$ to x :5 _! c\ntry ne$$ wat]1 & ! ,aztec goddess ( ra9s held "o 9 h] h&4 ,at ! fea/ celebrat$ to h] hon\r 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! g5ial %[] 0 ne$$ to promote f]tilisation1 !y 7 wont to conciliate ! fav\r ( ,c5teotl1 ! daught] ( heav5 & goddess ( corn1 by nail+ a boy or girl to a cross1 & aft] !y _h be5 s susp5d$ = a:ile pi]c+ !m ) arr[s %ot f a b[4 ,! ,muyscas1 less sangu9>y ?an ! ,mexicans 9 sacrific+ to ! god ( ! wat]s1 ext5d$ a c\ple ( ropes transv]sely ov] "s lake or /ream1 ?us =m+ a gigantic cross1 & at ! po9t ( int]section ?rew 9 _! (f]+s ( food1 gems1 & preci\s oils4 ,quetyalcoatl1 god ( ! w9ds1 bore z 8 sign ( (fice a mace l ! cross ( a bi%op2 8 robe 0 cov]$ ) ! symbol1 & its adoration 0 connect$ ?r\gh\t ) 8 wor%ip4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 no d\bt :atev] t ! ,spani>ds took ! cross ) !m to ,am]ica1 & scatt]$ x ab\t s mu* 9 su* v>i$ directions t _! own became s int]m+l$ ) ! native ones z to make x difficult to di/+ui% "o f ! o!r2 b ! fact rema9s t :at !re 0 ( cordiality 9 ! reception !y met ) f ! aborig9es1 0 due 9 no small degree to _! use ( ! same emblem on _! /&>ds2 :5 ?is became app>5t ! a/oni%m5t 0 mutual4 ,_m travell]s h told u ( ^! anci5t crosses1 & "s ( !m :ile express+ d\bts z to _! antiquity1 h yet suppli$ u ) evid5ce ( ! same4 ,mr4 ,/eph5s is "o ( ^!4 ,9 8 ,incid5ts ( ,travel 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 he supplies u ) "s wond]ful ,alt> ,tablets f\nd at ,pal5que1 ! pr9cipal subject 9 "o ( :i* is ! cross4 ,x is surm\nt$ by a /range bird1 & load$ ) indescribable ornam5ts4 ,!re are two human figures1 "o on ei!r side ( ! cross1 evid5tly ( important p]sonages2 bo? are look+ t[>ds ! cross1 & "o seems 9 ! act ( mak+ an (f]+4 ,! travell] says3--,all speculations on ! subject are ( c\rse entitl$ to little reg>d1 b p]haps x w\ld n be wrong to ascribe to ^? p]sonages a sac]dotal "*4 ,! hi]oglyphics d\btless expla9 all4 ,ne> !m are o!r hi]oglyphics :i* rem9d u ( ! ,egyptian mode ( record+ ! "n1 hi/ory1 (fice1 or "* ( ! p]sons repres5t$4 ,?is tablet ( ! cross has giv5 rise to m le>n$ speculations ?an p]haps any o!rs f\nd at ,pal5que4 ,dupaix & 8 comm5tators1 assum+ = ! build+ a v remote antiquity1 or at lea/1 a p]iod long antec$5t to ! ,*ri/ian era1 acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( ! cross by ! argum5t t x 0 kn[n & _h a symbolical mean+ among anci5t nations long be=e x 0 e/abli%$ z ! emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,ne> ,miztla1 ! city ( ! moon1 is a cav]n temple excavat$ f ! solid rock 9 ! =m ( a cross1 #abc feet 9 l5g? & bread?1 ! limbs be+ ab\t #be feet 9 wid?4 ,o!r relics h be5 f\nd 9 abundance 9 ! same "p ( ! _w1 prov+ h[ well kn[n ?is emblem 0 be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! ,mexican ,tribute ,tables1 we 7 told a few ye>s ago by a writ] 9 ! ,hi/orical ,magaz9e1 small p\*es or bags frequ5tly occur4 ,app5dages to dress1 !y are ta/efully =m$ & ornam5t$ ) fr+e & tassels4 ,a cross ( ! ,maltese or m ord9>y =m 7,greek or ,lat97 is conspicu\sly wov5 or pa9t$ on ea*4 ,!y appe> to h be5 9 great dem&1 a ?\s& bundles be+ ! usual ,pueblo tax4 ,! practice ( m>k+ ! cross on _! p]sons & we>+ x 9 _! g>m5ts 0 once common ) "s if n ) all ! occupants ( ! ,s\!rn ,cont95t4 ,! ,abipones ( ,p>aguay tatoo$ !mselves by prick+ ! sk9 ) a ?orn4 ,!y all wore ! =m ( a cross impress$ on _! =eheads1 & two small l9es at ! corn] ( ea* eye1 ext5d+ t[>ds ! e>s1 besides f\r transv]se l9es at ! root ( ! nose1 betwe5 ! eyebr[s1 z national m>ks4 ,:at ^! figures signifi$ no "o 0 able to tell4 ,! p only knew ?is1 t ! cu/om _h be5 h&$ d[n to !m by _! ance/ors4 ,n only 7 crosses m>k$ on _! =eheads1 b wov5 9 ! r$ wooll5 g>m5ts ( _m ( !m4 ,?is 0 long be=e !y knew any?+ ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! hot cross bun1 eat5 9 ?is c\ntry on ,good ,friday1 is suppos$ by _m to be exclusively ,*ri/ian 9 its orig92 :]eas x is no m ?an a reproduction ( a cake m>k$ ) a cross :i* 0 duly (f]$ 9 ! hea!n temples to su* liv+ idols z ! s]p5t & ! bull4 ,x 0 made ( fl\r1 honey & milk1 or oil1 & at c]ta9 times 0 eat5 ) mu* c]emony by bo? prie/s & p4 ,!re 0 also us$ 9 ! ,pagan times ! monogram ( a cross ^u a he>t1 ! mean+ ( :i* 0 accord+ to ,egyptologi/s1 goodness4 ,?is figure1 says ,sir ,g4 ,wilk9son1 enclos$ 9 a p>allelogram1 9 :i* =m x w\ld signify '! abode ( good1' 0 depict$ or sculptur$ ^u ! front ( sev]al h\ses 9 ,memphis & ,!bes4 ,a v anci5t ,pho5ician m$al 0 f\nd _m ye>s ago 9 ! ru9s ( ,citium1 on :i* 7 inscrib$ ! cross1 ! ros>y1 & ! lamb4 ,an engrav+ ( ?is may be se5 9 ,higg9s' ,celtic ,druids & 9 ,dr4 ,cl>k's ,travels4 ,! connection ( ! cross ) ,paganism orig9ally1 & its ultimate assumption by ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 is curi\sly & /rik+ly br\ght out by ,t]tullian 9 8 ,apologeticus & ,ad ,nationes4 ,^! treatises1 we may obs]ve1 are s mu* alike t ! =m] has sometimes be5 reg>d$ z a fir/ draft ( ! latt]1 :i* is ne>ly d\ble ! l5g?4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 !y are entirely diff]5t productions1 "o be+ address$ to ! g5]al public & ! o!r to ! rul]s & magi/rates4 ,*>g$ ) wor%ipp+ a cross1 he says3--,z = him :o affirms t we are ! prie/hood ( a cross1 we %all claim him z our co-religioni/4 ,a cross is 9 its mat]ial a sign ( wood2 among/ y\rselves also ! object ( wor%ip is a wood5 figure4 ,only1 :il/ ) y ! figure is a human "o1 ) u ! wood is its own figure4 ,nev] m9d = ! pres5t :at is ! %ape1 provid$ ! mat]ial is ! same2 ! =m1 too1 is ( no importance1 if s be x be ! actual body ( a god4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re arises a "q ( diff]5ce on ?is po9t1 :at1 let me ask1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,a!nian ,pallas or ! ,ph>ia ,c]es1 & wood =m$ into a cross1 :5 ea* is repres5t$ by a r\gh /ock )\t =m1 & by ! m]e/ rudim5t ( a /atue ( un=m$ wood8 ,e piece ( timb] :i* is fix$ 9 ! gr\nd 9 an erect position is a "p ( a cross1 & inde$ ! great] portion ( its mass4 ,b an entire cross is attribut$ to u1 ) its transv]se beam1 ( c\rse1 & its project+ seat4 ,n[ y h ! less to excuse y1 = y d$icate to religion only a mutilat$ imp]fect piece ( wood1 :ile o!rs consecrate to ! sacr$ purpose a complete /ructure4 ,! tru? h[ev]1 aft] all1 is t y\r religion is all cross1 z ,i %all %[4 ,y are inde$ unaw>e t y\r gods 9 _! orig9 h proce$$ f ?is hat$ cross4 ,n[ e image1 :e!r c>v$ out ( wood or /one1 or molt5 9 metal1 or produc$ out ( any o!r ri*] mat]ial1 mu/ ne$s h _h pla/ic h&s engag$ 9 its =mation4 ,well !n1 ?is modell]1 be=e he did any?+ else1 hit ^u ! =m ( a wood5 cross1 because ev5 our own body assumes z its natural position ! lat5t & conceal$ outl9e ( a cross4 ,s9ce ! head rises upw>ds & ! back takes a /raight direction & ! %\ld]s project lat]ally1 if y simply place a man ) 8 arms & h&s out-/ret*$1 y w make ! g5]al outl9e ( a cross4 ,/>t+ !n f ?is rudim5tal =m & prop1 z x 71 he applies a cov]+ ( clay1 & s gradually completes ! limbs & =ms ! body1 & cov]s ! cross )9 ) ! %ape :i* he meant to impress ^u ! clay2 !n f ?is design1 ) ! help ( compasses & lead5 m\lds1 he has got all ready = 8 image :i* is to be br\ght out into m>ble1 or clay1 or metal1 or :atev] ! mat]ial be ( :i* he has det]m9$ to make 8 god4 ,?is !n is ! process3 aft] ! cross-%ap$ frame ! clay2 aft] ! clay ! god4 ,9 a well-und]/ood r\t9e ! cross passes into a god ?r\gh ! clayey m$ium4 ,! cross !n y consecrate1 & f x ! consecrat$ deity beg9s to d]ive its orig94 ,by way ( example let u take ! case ( a tree :i* gr[s up into a sy/em ( bran*es & foliage1 & is a reproduction ( its own k9d1 :e!r x spr+s f ! k]nel ( an olive1 or ! /one ( a pea*1 or a gra9 ( pepp] :i* has be5 duly temp]$ "u gr\nd4 ,n[ if y transplant x or take a cutt+ (f its bran*es = ano!r plant1 to :at w y attribute :at is produc$ by ! propagation8 ,w x n be to ! gra91 or ! /one1 or ! k]nel8 ,because z ! ?ird /age is attributable to ! second1 & ! second 9 l mann] to ! fir/1 s ! ?ird w h to be ref]r$ to ! fir/1 ?r\gh ! second z ! mean4 ,we ne$ n /ay any long] 9 ! discussion ( ?is po9t1 s9ce by a natural law e k9d ( produce ?r\gh\t nature ref]s back its gr[? to its orig9al s\rce2 & j z ! product is compris$ 9 its primal cause1 s does t cause agree 9 "* ) ! ?+ produc$4 ,s9ce !n1 9 ! production ( y\r gods1 y wor%ip ! cross :i* orig9ates !m1 "h w be ! orig9al k]nel & gra9 f :i* are propagat$ ! wood5 mat]ials ( y\r idolatr\s images4 ,examples are n f> to seek4 ,y\r victories y celebrate ) religi\s c]emony z deities1 & !y are m augu/ 9 proportion to ! joy !y br+ y4 ,! frames on :i* y hang up y\r crosses--^! are z x 7 ! v core ( y\r pageants4 ,?us 9 y\r victories ! religion ( y\r camp makes ev5 crosses objects ( wor%ip2 y\r /&>ds x adores1 y\r /&>ds are ! sanction ( its oa?s1 y\r /&>ds x pref]s be=e ,jupit] himself4 ,b all t p>ade ( images & t display ( pure gold1 are z s _m necklaces ( ! crosses4 ,9 l mann] also 9 ! bann]s & ensigns1 :i* y\r soldi]s gu>d ) no less sacr$ c>e1 y h ! /ream]s & ve/m5ts ( y\r crosses4 ,y are a%am$1 ,i suppose1 to wor%ip unadorn$ & simple crosses4 ,we give ?is passage at l5g? because x emphasises :at we are urg+ 9 connection ) ?is subject1 viz41 t ! cross is common to bo? ,*ri/ianity & ,paganism1 t ! latt] possess$ x ages be=e ! =m]1 & is !re=e m likely to h orig9at$ x4 ,we speak ) "s res]ve on ?is latt] po9t = want ( prop] & full evid5ce4 ,x may ( c\rse be possible t 9 a pur] & m enlight5$ age ! cross 0 kn[n & us$2 we %all probably1 h[ev]1 f9d our rese>*es /op %ort 9 ,pagan times1 9 :i* we %all h to look = ! g5]ally recognis$ mean+ ( ! symbol4 ,x is rem>kable 9 ! quotation j made1 t ,t]tullian nev] attempts to refute ! *>ge br\ght by ! ,pagans aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians ( 8 "t ( wor%ipp+ ! cross2 he m]ely retaliates by ass]t+ t !y did ! v same ?+ 9 a some:at diff]5t mann]4 ,z = him1 he says1 :o affirms t we are ! prie/hood ( a cross1 we %all claim him z our co-religioni/4444 ,:at1 let me ask1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,a!nian ,pallas or ! ,ph>ian ,c]es1 & wood =m$ into a cross8 ,he fur!r id5tifies himself & 8 religion ) ! ,pagans 9 ?is p>ticul> by say+3--,9 all our movem5ts1 our travels1 our go+ out & com+ 91 putt+ on our %oes1 at ! ba?1 at ! table1 9 light+ our c&les1 9 ly+ d[n1 9 sitt+ d[n3 :atev] employm5t occupies u1 we m>k our =ehead ) ! sign ( ! cross4 ,h[ mu* all ?is rem9ds u ( ! univ]sality ( ! symbol 9 pre-,*ri/ian times4 ,we c sc>cely po9t to an age or to a c5tury 9 :i* x did n 9 "s way ent] into its hi/ory1 its !ology1 its social & dome/ic life4 ,aga9 & aga9 h monum5ts be5 discov]$ :i* put ! date ( its use fur!r back ?an _h be5 imag9$1 & "s h be5 br\ght to light :i* c>ry ! /ory back into v remote antiquity inde$4 ,9 ! wilds ( ,c5tral ,india1 = in/ance1 a little ov] tw5ty ye>s back1 ! late ,mr4 ,mulh]an1 ,c4,e41 discov]$ two ( ! olde/ crosses ev] met )4 ,!y 7 granite monoli?s1 p]fect 9 /ructure1 & v mu* l ^? to be f\nd "h & !re 9 ! we/]n p>ts ( ,cornwall4 ,"o 0 t5 feet n9e in*es 9 height1 & ! o!r eight feet six in*es2 ea* be+ 9 ! mid/ ( a gr\p ( cairns & cromle*s or dolm5s1 :i* ,colonel ,taylor describes z simil> 9 "* to "s :i* he =m]ly survey$ ne> ! village ( ,rajunkolloor1 )9 ! ,pr9cipality ( ,%orapoor1 9 ! ,deccan4 ,_! extreme antiquity is inf]r$ f ! fact1 z /at$ by ! ,european (fic] :o fir/ discov]$ !m1 t ! vic9ity ( ! gr\ps ( cromle*s & crosses _h1 at "s remote p]iod1 be5 cultivat$2 t p>ts ( ! hills _h be5 cut into t]races1 & support$ by l>ge /one banks or walls2 b t ! c\ntry = miles 9 e direction 01 & _h be5 = c5turies & c5turies1 entirely un9habit$1 & 0 gr[n ov] ) d5se =e/s4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t1 z ?is elevat$ & long-neglect$ region has be5 ! possession ( ! l[ ca/es1 or non-,aryan helots1 f "t immemorial1 we may confid5tly assume t ! monoli?s 9 "q 7 erect$ by ! aborig9al population ( ! soil--a population :i* 0 driv51 n improbably ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 at ! lea/1 be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/1 f ! ri*] pla9s bel[ by ! fir/ ,aryan invad] :o _h cross$ ! five /reams1 & f\nd a tempor>y refuge 9 ! ne>e/ range ( hills to ! we/ ( ,*&>1 until ano!r foe--! ,mogul--appe>$ ^u ! sc5e1 & f9ally subdu$ bo? ! conqu]or & 8 victims4 ,"h !n1 says a review]1 among/ ^! n[ fragm5t>y p f ! debris ( a widely-spread primeval race 7to borr[ a phrase f a rec5t writ] on ! non-,aryan languages ( ! ,cont95t71 we f9d ! symbol ( ! cross1 n only express+ ! same my/]y z 9 all o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 b its erection1 d\btless1 dat+ f "o ( ! v e>lie/ migrations ( our species4 ,x is impossible to adduce any cle>] or /rong] pro( ( its primitive antiquity ?an ?is4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by "s writ]s1 :o1 = "s reason or o!r1 object$ to ! recognition ( ! cross z an emblem ( great antiquity1 t ! /one /ructures :i* 7 erect$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isl&s by ! ,druids1 ,saxons1 & ,danes1 ow$ _! cruci=m "* to ! necessities ( ! situation r ?an to any o!r cause2 t ! /ones 7 plac$ across ea* o!r z a matt] ( m]e conv5i5ce1 & n ) ! view ( =m+ a cross1 & t ^! monum5ts1 :i* s]v$ z in/rum5ts ( ,druidical sup]/ition be=e ! implant+ ( ! ,gospel 9 ,brita91 7 aft]w>ds appropriat$ to ! use ( ,*ri/ian memorials by be+ =m$ 9 ! figure ( a cross or m>k$ ) ?is emblem4 ,x is admitt$1 ( c\rse1 t ^? cruci=m /ructures 7 ?us appropriat$1 b ( :at use w x be to repudiate ! antiquity ( examples ^: age has be5 f> surpass$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! crosses ( ,india1 j allud$ to1 rema9 to be acc\nt$ =1 & ev5 :5 !y h be5 z summ>ily dispos$ ( z ! ,briti% ones1 !re are ! crosses susp5d$ f ! necks ( ! ,assyrian k+s1 ^: exi/5ce _c possibly be acc\nt$ = by ! above hypo!sis4 ,x 0 n necessity or conv5i5ce t design$ a ,maltese cross1 a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 ( precisely ! same =m z t :i* is worn by m5 & wom5 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury1 nor probably 0 x a m]ely ornam5tal ta/e2 we are r dispos$ to believe t ! secret lies 9 ! symbolical mean+1 :i* has ev] be5 atta*$ to ! =m4 ,! univ]sality ( ! cross z a religi\s symbol is c]ta9ly a mo/ a/\nd+ fact1 & ! m s because x has evid5tly always repres5t$ ! same fundam5tal idea 9 connection ) ! !ological sy/ems1 9 all ages1 ( ! ,old & ,new ,worlds4 ,if b "o ( ^! my?ologies possess$ x1 !re might be little difficulty 9 trac+ out ! significance ( ! co9cid5ce betwe5 its exi/5ce !re & 9 ,*ri/ian !ology1 b prevail+ z x does univ]sally1 & de/9$ z x is to reta9 its connection ) ! religion ( man1 x excites feel+s ( ! mo/ pr(\nd wond]m5t & surprise4 ,lipsius & o!r e>ly writ]s1 9 ref]5ce to ?is matt]1 decl>$ _! s9c]e belief t ! num]\s cruci=m figures to be f\nd on ! monum5ts ( antiquity 7 ( a typical "*1 & express$ a s5tim5t :i* look$ =w>d to ! cross ( ,*ri/2 a few o!rs d\bt$ ?is1 & sugge/$ difficulties1 :ile ,gibbon ridicul$ ! :ole matt]1 z x ?us /ood1 f beg9n+ to end4 ,! belief1 h[ev]1 t ! cross 9 ,pagan l&s 0 9 "s incompreh5sible mann] connect$ ) ! same object or idea z 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 0 n easily got rid (1 & 0 consid]ably deep5$ by ! te/imony ( mission>ies to ! ,new ,_w t among/ p ( app>5tly diff]5t orig9 & ( altoge!r diff]5t attributes1 ! cross 0 common z an object ( wor%ip & v5]ation4 ,s univ]sal has ! pres5ce ( ?is symbol & its att5dant wor%ip be5 f\nd t x has be5 said to =m a complete zone ab\t ! habitable globe1 ext5d+ z x does f ,assyria into ,egypt1 & ,india1 & ,anahuac1 9 _! ru9$ temples2 to ! pyramidal /ructures ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 & to ^? 9 ,polynesia1 especially ! isl&s ( ,tonga1 ,viti1 & ,ea/]2 z x appe>s ^u numb]less vases1 m$als1 & co9s ( ! e>lie/ kn[n types1 c5turies ant]ior to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity2 & z its tea*+ is express$ 9 ! concordant cu/oms1 rites1 & traditions ( =m] nations & communities1 :o 7 widely sep>at$ f1 & = ! mo/ "p ignorant (1 ! exi/5ce ( ea* o!r1 & :o possess$1 s f> z we are aw>e1 no o!r emblematical figure 9 common4 ,egypt1 ,assyria1 ,brita91 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,sc&9avia1 ! two ,am]icas--all 7 alike its home1 & 9 all ( !m 0 !re analogy 9 ! tea*+ respect+ its mean+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,=ms ( ! ,cross--,anci5t ,maltese ,cross--,phallic ,"* ( "s ,crosses--,(f5sive ,=ms ( ! ,cross 9 ,etruscan & ,pompeian ,monum5ts--,?or's ,battle-axe--,! ,buddhi/ ,cross--,indian ,crosses--,! ,fylfot or ,f\r-foot$ ,cross--,dani% ,poem ( ! ,?ors ( ,asg>d--,leg5d ( ,?or's ,loss ( 8 ,gold5 ,hamm]--,orig9al ,mean+ ( ^! ,crosses--,reception ( ,*ri/ianity among/ ! ,britons--,plato & ! ,cross--,! ,mexican ,tree ( ,life--,ra9 ,mak]s--,! ,w9ds--,v>i\s ,mean+s attribut$ to ! ,cross--,! ,crux ,ansata--,phallic ,attributes--,co9s1 ,gauli% & ,jewi%--,roman ,co9s--,! ,lake ,dwell+s--,! ,cross 9 ! ,patri>*al ,age4 ,9 /udy+ ! orig9 & signification ( ! pre-,*ri/ian cross1 we1 naturally ( c\rse1 turn our att5tion to ! =ms 9 :i* x is del9eat$2 ^! are bo? num]\s & v>i$--s v>i$ inde$ t a writ]1 "s ye>s ago1 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review /at$ t 8 commonplace-book conta9$ ne>ly two hundr$ repres5tations1 :i* he _h f\nd comb9$ z (t5 z n ) o!r emblems ( a sacr$ "*1 & :i* _h be5 collect$ f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,we may notice a few ( ! pr9cipal :i* are really1 g5]ally speak+1 types ( all4 ,mo/ p are famili> ) ! ,maltese cross--t consi/+ ( f\r triangles meet+ 9 a c5tral circle1 or z x is g5]ally describ$1 ! cross ) ! f\r delta-l arms conjo9$ to or issu+ f ! nave ( a :eel or a dim9utive circle4 ,x d]ives its "n f its discov]y on ! isl& ( ,malta1 & f its adoption by ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john = _! coat-(-arms4 ,!re is no d\bt x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t =ms ( ! cross we are acqua9t$ )1 z x is f\nd1 z we h already /at$1 on ! sculptures ( ! ,assyrian mon>*s long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & may be se5 on ! sculptures 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 "s ( ! ,n9eveh monum5ts repres5t+ subject-p br++ tribute to ! k+1 x occurs 9 ! =m ( e>-r+s4 ,9 ,assyria1 x is believ$ to h be5 ! emblem ( royalty1 z x is f\nd on ! brea/s ( ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! rul]s4 ,z x 0 kn[n orig9ally 9 ,malta1 x 0 ( a v diff]5t "* to ! ornam5t worn ei!r by ! ,assyrian mon>* or by ! mod]n inhabitants ( civilis$ nations4 ,x 0 inde$ ( s gross a "*1 t ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john soon set to "w to make some?+ m dec5t ( x--some?+ :i* :ile n altoge!r disc>d+ ! old =m1 %\ld yet be in(f5sive to ! eye ( ! m mode/ onlook]4 ,x 0 made up1 9 fact1 ( f\r gigantic phalli c>v$ out ( ! solid granite1 simil> to ! =m 9 :i* x is f\nd 9 ! isl& ( ,gozyo1 & on "s ( ! ,etruscan & ,pompeian monum5ts4 ,! reason :y x assum$ a phallic "* 9 ! locality :i* gives x its "n1 is n p]haps cle>1 b ! /udy ( ,assyrian antiquities has reveal$ ! mean+ atta*$ to x 9 ! palmy days ( ,n9eveh & ,babylon2 x ref]r$ to ! f\r great gods ( ! ,assyrian pan!on--,ra1 & ! fir/ triad--,ana1 ,belus1 & ,hea2 & :5 ins]t$ 9 a r\ndlet1 z may be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 x signifi$ ,sansi1 or ! sun rul+ ! e>? z well z ! heav5s4 ,x 0 !re=e ! symbol ( royalty & dom9ion1 :i* acc\nts = its pres5ce on ! brea/s ( k+s4 ,on ! ,etruscan & ,pompeian monum5ts g5]ally1 ?is cross is z gross & (f5sive 9 =m z 9 anci5t ,malta1 b x is f\nd 9 a "* z unobjectionable z 9 ,assyria1 on ! (ficial g>m5ts ( ! ,etruscan prie/hood4 ,x has be5 f\nd 9 ,asia ,m9or1 ,cyprus1 & ,sicily2 & ,dr4 ,s*liemann discov]$ _m examples ( x 7) o!r crosses7 on ! vases :i* he dug f ! seat ( anci5t ,troy4 ,x 0 also f\nd 9 :at 0 describ$ z a magnific5t cruci=m mosaic pavem5t1 discov]$ ab\t ?irty ye>s ago 9 ! ru9s ( a ,gallo-,roman villa at ,pont d',oli 7,pons ,aulae71 ne> ,pau1 9 ! ,basses-,pyr5ees1 accompani$ by sev]al o!r v>ieties ( ! cross1 includ+ ! ,/4 ,george & ! ,/4 ,&rew1 all gl[+ 9 col\rs ri*ly dight1 & surr\nd+ a colossal bu/ ( ,proteus1 settl$ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 sea mon/]s4 ,! cross g5]ally reg>d$ z ! mo/ notable type ( t emblem1 because x is said to h figur$ 9 ! religi\s sy/ems ( m peoples ?an any o!r1 is t kn[n z ,?or's hamm]1 or ,?or's battle-axe4 ,x may1 p]haps1 also be set d[n z ! mo/ anci5t ( ! crosses--h[ _m ye>s back x dates we _c say1 sev]al ?\s&s evid5tly4 ,x consi/$ ( ! la/ lett] ( ! ,sam>itan alphabet1 ! tau or tav 9 its decussat$ or mo/ primitive =m1 & may be describ$1 z x has be5 sometimes1 z a cruci=m hamm]4 ,x d]iv$ its "n f be+ borne 9 ! h& ( ,?or1 z ! all-p[]ful in/rum5t by means ( :i* 8 de$s record$ 9 ! ,eddas 7 accompli%$4 ,x 0 v5]at$ by ! h]oes ( ! nor? z ! magical sign :i* ?w>t$ ! p[] ( dea? ov] ^? :o bore x2 & ! ,sc&9avian devotee plac$ x ^u 8 horn ( mead be=e rais+ x to 8 lips1 no d\bt = ! purpose ( imp>t+ to x ! life-giv+ virtues4 ,to ?is h\r x is employ$ by ! wom5 ( ,india & ( ! nor?-ea/]n p>ts ( ,africa z a m>k ( possession or taboo1 :i* !y g5]ally impress ^u ! vessels conta9+ _! /ores ( gra91 c4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review ( ,janu>y1 #ahgj1 haz>ds ! op9ion t ?is 0 ! m>k :i* ! prophet 0 comm&$ to impress ^u ! =eheads ( ! fai?ful 9 ,judah1 z record$ 9 ,ezekiel ix4 #d4 ,he gives no reason or au?ority = ?is /atem5t1 b probably d]iv$ x f ,/4 ,j]ome & o!rs ( 8 "t1 :o said t ! lett] tau 0 t :i* 0 ord]$ to be plac$ on ! =eheads ( ^? m\rn]s4 ,j]ome says t ! ,hebrew lett] tau 0 =m]ly writt5 l a cross4 ,z to ! "n ( ?is cross1 ! popul> designation is cle>ly a mi/ake1 s9ce its orig9 dates back c5turies be=e ! my?ology ( ! nor? 0 develop$4 ,9 ,india x 0 kn[n z ! swa/ika ( ! ,buddhi/s1 & s]v$ z ! monograms ( ,vi%nu & ,siva4 ,su* are its associations & uses at ! pres5t day1 &1 no d\bt1 !y h be5 ! same f ! v adv5t ( ! religions ( ^! respective deities4 ,! enquir] has1 h[ev]1 n ev5 "h measur$ ! limit ( its antiquity1 = 9 ,*9a x 0 kn[n z ! ,leo-ts5 long be=e ! ,sakya-,buddha era1 & 0 portray$ ^u ! walls ( _! pagodas & ^u ! lant]ns us$ to illum9e _! mo/ sacr$ prec9ts4 ,x has ev] be5 ! symbol ( _! heav54 ,9 ! great temple ( ,rameses ,,ii41 at ,!bes1 x is repres5t$ frequ5tly ) su* associations z conclusively prove t its significance 0 ! same 9 ! l& ( ! ,nile z 9 ,*9a4 ,all ov] ! ,ea/ x is ! magic symbol ( ! ,buddhi/ heav52 ! *ief ornam5t on ! sceptres & cr[ns ( ! ,bompa deities ( ,?ibet1 :o dispute ! palm ( antiquity ) all o!r div9ities2 & is beautifully press$ 9 ! ,artee1 or musical bell1 borne by ! figure ( ,balgov9a1 ! h]ald or mess5g] ( heav54 ,! univ]sality ( ! use ( ?is symbol is prov$ by its preval5ce z well 9 ,europe z 9 ,asia & ,africa4 ,among ! ,etruscans x 0 us$ z a religi\s sign1 z is %[n by its appe>ance on urns exhum$ f anci5t lake-b$s situat$ betwe5 ,p>ma & ,pac5za4 ,^? tak5 f ! ,lacu/r9e cemet]ies are ?\ght to date back to #ajjj ,b4,c4 ,on ! t]ra-cotta vases ( ,alba ,longa ! same sign is impress$1 & s]v$ z ! symbol ( ,p]sephone1 ! awful que5 ( ! %ades1 ! arbit] ( mortal fate2 :ile on ! roll ( ! ,roman soldi] x 0 ! sign ( life4 ,on ! old ,runic monum5ts x is ev] pres5t4 ,ev5 9 ,scotl& x is f\nd on sculptur$ /ones ( unkn[n age4 ,! mo/ num]\s examples ( ?is =m1 h[ev]1 are f\nd 9 ! sculptures ( ,khorsabad1 & 9 ! ivories f ,nimr\d2 "h occur almo/ all ! kn[n v>ieties4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 too1 9 ,p]sia2 & is us$ to ?is day 9 ,nor!rn ,india to m>k ! j>s ( sacr$ wat] tak5 f ! ,indus & ,ganges4 ,x is especially e/eem$ by ! inhabitants ( ,s\!rn ,india z ! emblem ( disembodi$ ,ja9a sa9ts4 ,v rem>kable illu/rations ( x1 c>v$ 9 ! mo/ durable rock1 & ins]t$ 9 ! ext]ior walls ( temples & o!r edifices ( ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 also occur1 :i* may be se5 9 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's ,mexican ,antiquities4 ,x is f\nd on innum]able co9s & m$als ( all times & ( all peoples2 f ! rude m9tages ( ,aeg9a & ,sicily1 z well z f ! m skilful h&s ( ! ,bactrian & ,cont95tal ,greeks4 ,x is notewor?y1 too1 9 ref]5ce to its extreme popul>ity1 or sup]/iti\s v5]ation 9 :i* x has be5 almo/ univ]sally held1 t ! cross-patee1 or cruci=m hamm]1 0 "o ( ! v la/ ( purely pagan symbols :i* 7 religi\sly pres]v$ 9 ,europe long aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,to ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages ! /ole1 or ,isian mantle1 ( ! ,ci/]cian monk 0 usually adorn$ ) x2 & m5 wore x susp5d$ f _! necklaces 9 precisely ! same mann] z did ! ve/al-virg9s ( pagan ,rome4 ,x may be se5 ^u ! bells ( _m ( our p>i% *ur*es 9 ! nor!rn1 midl&1 & ea/]n c\nties1 z at ,appleby1 ,mexbor\gh1 ,ha!rsage1 ,wadd+ton1 ,bi%op's ,norton1 ,we/ ,b>k)1 & o!r places1 :]e x 0 plac$ z a magical sign to subdue ! vici\s _s ( ! tempe/4 ,x is said to be /ill us$ = ! l purpose1 dur+ /orms ( w9d & ra91 by ! peasantry 9 ,icel& & 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,g]many4#b ,?is cross is also kn[n z ! ,fylfot1 or ,fytfot 7f\r-foot$ cross71 or ,gammadion--! dissembl$ cross "u ! discipl9e ( ! secret4 ,jewitt1 :o has writt5 9 an int]e/+ mann] ^u ! subject1 supports :at we h already /at$ 9 ! =ego+ pages ) ! obs]vation t ?is is "o ( ! mo/ s+ul>1 mo/ anci5t1 & mo/ int]e/+ ( ! :ole s]ies ( crosses4 ,"s say x is compos$ ( f\r gammas1 conjo9$ 9 ! c5tre1 :i* z num]als express$ ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 & by its rectangul> =m symbolis$ ! *ief corn]-/one ( ! ,*ur*4 ,we m5tion$ t x 0 kn[n 9 ,india z ! swa/ika ( ! ,buddhi/s2 we note fur!r t x is said to be =m$ ( ! two words su 7well7 & a/i 7x is71 mean+ x is1 or x is well2 equal to s be x1 & imply+ complete resignation4 ,f ?is ! ,swa/ikas1 ! oppon5ts ( ! ,brahm9s1 :o d5i$ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & affirm$ t its exi/5ce 0 f9ite & connect$ only ) ! body ^u e>?1 receiv$ _! "n2 _! monogrammatic enblem1 or symbol1 be+ ! my/ic cross =m$ by ! comb9ation ( two syllables1 su ti suti1 or swa/i4#c ,! connection ( ?is cross ) ,?or1 ! ,?und]]1 is n )\t its signification & importance1 9 consid]+ ! =ms & orig9 ( ^! emblems & _! transmission f ! ,pagan to ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,?or 0 said to be ! brave/ ( ! sons ( ,od91 or ,wod51 & ,fria1 or ,friga1 ! goddess ( e>?4 7,f ,?or1 ( c\rse1 we get our ,?ursday2 f ,wod51 ,w$nesday2 & f ,friga1 ,friday74 ,he 0 believ$ to be ( ! mo/ m>vell\s p[] & might2 yea1 & t !re 7 no p ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w t 7 n subject$ unto him1 & did n owe him div9e hon\r & s]vice2 & t !re 0 no puissance comp>able to 84 ,8 dom9ion ( all o!rs mo/ f>!/ ext5d+ itself1 bo? 9 heav5 & e>?4 ,t1 9 ! aire he gov]n$ ! w9ds & ! cl\ds2 & be+ displeas$ did cause lightn+1 ?und]1 & tempe/1 ) excessive ra9e1 haile1 & all ill wea!r4 ,b be+ well pleas$ by ! adoration1 sacrifice1 & s]vice ( 8 suppliants1 he !n be/[$ ^u !m mo/ faire & seasonable wea!r2 & caus$ corne abundantly to gr[1 z all sorts ( fruits1 c41 & kept away ! plague & all o!r evil & infecti\s diseases4 ,?or's emblem 0 a hamm] ( gold1 repres5t$ z a fylfot1 & ) x he de/roy$ 8 enemies ! ,jotuns1 cru%$ ! head ( ! great ,mitg>d s]p5t1 kill$ numb]s ( giants1 re/or$ ! dead goats to life t drew 8 c>1 & consecrat$ ! pyre ( ,baldur4 ,?is hamm]1 boom]ang l1 _h ! prop]ty1 :5 ?r[n1 ( /rik+ ! object aim$ at & !n return+ to ! ?r[]'s h&4 ,mr4 ,jewitt ?9ks we h1 9 ?is1 a curi\s insight into ! orig9 ( ! =m ( ! emblem itself4 ,he says3--,i h rem>k$ t ! fylfot is sometimes describ$ z be+ =m$ ( f\r gammas conjo9$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,:5 ! =m ( ! boom]ang--a missile in/rum5t ( b>b>ic nations1 mu* ! %ape ( ! lett] ,v ) a r\nd$ in/ead ( acute bottom1 :i*1 on be+ ?r[n1 sl[ly asc5ds 9 ! air1 :irl+ r\nd & r\nd1 till x rea*es a consid]able height1 & !n returns until x f9ally sweeps ov] ! head ( ! ?r[] & /rikes ! gr\nd beh9d him--is tak5 into consid]ation1 & ! traditional return+ p[] ( ! hamm] is rememb]$ 9 connection ) x1 ! fylfot may surely be n inappropriately describ$ z a figure compos$ ( f\r boom]angs1 conjo9$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is =m ( fylfot is n uncommon 9 e>ly examples1 & ev5 on a v anci5t specim5 ( ,*9ese porcela9 x occurs at ! angles ( ! patt]n--x is ! ord9>y fylfot1 ) ! angles curv$ or r\nd$4 ,anci5t lit]ature ab\nds 9 curi\s & s5sational /ories ab\t ! wond]s accompli%$ by ,?or ) ! assi/ance ( ?is hamm]4 ,once he lo/ 8 weapon1 or tool1 & ) x 8 p[]1 by /ratagem h[ev] he rega9$ bo?4 ,! ,dani% poem1 call$ ! ,?orr ( ,asg>d1 z translat$ by ,de ,prior1 says3-- ,!re rode ! mighty ( ,asg>d1 ,?or1 ,8 j\rney across ! pla92 ,& !re 8 hamm] ( gold he lo/1 ,& s\ght s long 9 va94 ',twas !n ! mighty ( ,asg>d1 ,?or1 ,8 bro!r 8 bidd+ told-- ,up ?\ & (f to ! ,nor?l& ,fell1 ,& seek my hamm] ( gold4 ,he spake1 & ,loki1 ! s]v+-man1 ,8 fea!rs ^u him drew2 ,& laun*+ ov] ! salty sea1 ,away to ! ,nor?l& flew4 ,greet+ ! ,?uss] k+1 he in=m$ him ( ! cause ( 8 visit1 viz41 t ,?or _h lo/ 8 gold5 hamm]4 ,!n ! k+ repli$ t ,?or w\ld nev] aga9 see 8 hamm] until he _h giv5 him ! maid5 ,fr$5borg to wife4 ,loki took back ?is message to ,?or1 :o disguis$ himself z ! maid5 9 woman's clo!s1 & 0 introduc$ to ! k+ z 8 future bride4 ,aft] express+ 8 a/oni%m5t at ! wond]ful appetite ( ! maid51 he ord]$ eight /rong m5 to br+ 9 ! hamm] & lay x across ! lap ( ! bride4 ,?or imm$iately ?rew (f 8 disguise & seiz$ ! hamm]1 ) :i*1 aft] he _h sla9 ! k+1 he return$ home4 ,! fylfot cross is frequ5tly f\nd on ,roman pott]y 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl&1 z = in/ance on ! fam\s ,col*e/] vase1 on :i* is depict$ a gladiatorial combat1 ! cross be+ di/9ctly m>k$ on ! %ields ( ! combatants4 ,ano!r f9e example is f\nd on a ,roman alt> ( ,m9]va at ,high ,ro*e/]4 ,! con/ant use ( ! symbol1 says ,jewitt1 ?r\gh s _m ages1 & by s _m & su* v>i$ peoples1 gives x an importance :i* is peculi>ly /rik+4 ,to sum up ?is "p ( ! subject !n1 we h among/ num]\s o!rs ! foll[+ *ief =ms ( ! cross common 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! ,lat91 a long upright ) %ort] cross beam2 ! ,greek1 an upright & b> ( equal l5g?s2 ! ,/4 ,&rews1 9 ! =m ( a lett] ,x2 ! ,maltese1 f\r triangles conjo9$ to a circul> c5tre2 ! ,hamm] ( ,?or2 & ! ,crux ,ansata1 or h&l$ cross4 ,! "q n[ arises1 :at 0 ! orig9 or orig9al mean+ ( ^! crosses8 ,un9=m$ ,*ri/ians are g5]ally "u ! impression t all ref] to "o & ! same ?+1 viz41 ! in/rum5t ( ! dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 hi/orical evid5ce j produc$1 h[ev]1 cle>ly disproves t1 & :at we may say fur!r w add additional weight to ! argum5t4 ,x has be5 notic$ t ! ,britons receiv$ ,*ri/ianity ) rem>kable read9ess1 & ?is has be5 attribut$ to ! foll[+ among o!r circum/ances1 viz41 ! impression :i* !y held 9 common ) ! ,platoni/s & ,py?agoreans1 t ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,deity 0 impr9t$ on ! univ]se 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,we h already expla9$ t ! ,druids 9 _! groves 7 accu/om$ to select ! mo/ /ately & beautiful tree z an emblem ( ! ,deity !y ador$1 & hav+ cut (f ! side bran*es1 affix$ two ( !m to ! highe/ "p ( ! trunk 9 su* a mann] z t ^? bran*es1 ext5d+ on ea* side l ! arms ( a man1 toge!r ) ! body1 %\ld pres5t to ! spectator ! appe>ance ( a huge cross1 & t on ! b>k ( ! tree1 9 v>i\s places1 0 actually inscrib$ ! lett] ,t1--,tau4 ,"s h gone s f> z to suppose a ,celtic orig9 = ! ^w cross1 & h d]iv$ x f ,crugh & ,crua*1 :i* signify a cross 9 t language1 ?\gh o!rs suppose ^! h a mu* m probable orig9 9 ! ,hebrew & ,*aldee4 ,*rus%1 signifies bo>ds or pieces ( timb] fa/5$ toge!r1 z we %\ld say1 cross-wise2 ! ^w is s us$ 9 ,exodus xxvii4 #f4 ,?is seems a v natural & probable etymology = ! t]m1 b x may also allude m to ! agony suff]$ on su* an erection1 & !n its orig9 p]haps may be trac$ to ,*rutz1 'agitation4' ,?is ^w also means to be 'knead$1' & brok5 to pieces l clay 9 ! h&s ( a pott]4 ,*rot%i1 9 ,*aldee1 we are told by ,p>khur/1 means accusations1 *>ges1 revil+s1 reproa*1 all ( !m t]ms appli$ to ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 8 suff]+s4 ,pl9y %[s t ! puni%m5t ( ! cross among ! ,romans 0 z old z ,t>qu9us ,priscus2 h[ mu* old] x is p]haps difficult to say4 ,plato1 born #dcj ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 _h advocat$ ! idea ( a ,tr9ity1 & _h express$ an op9ion t ! =m ( ! ,second ,p]son ( x 0 /amp$ ^u ! univ]se 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,/4 ,augu/9e goes s f> z to say t x 0 by means ( ! ,platonic sy/em t he 0 enabl$ to und]/& prop]ly ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,p]haps1 orig9ally1 ! cross _h b "o mean+1 :atev] its =m2 x is probable t x 0 s4 ,h[ev] t may be1 x is c]ta9 t z "t w5t on & its =m v>i$1 diff]5t significations 7 atta*$ to x4 ,x repres5t$ creative p[] & et]nity 9 ,egypt1 ,assyria1 & ,brita92 x 0 emblematical ( heav5 & immortality 9 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,sc&9avia2 x 0 ! sign ( fre$om f physical suff]+ 9 ! ,am]icas2 all ov] ! _w x symbolis$ ! ,div9e ,unity--resurrection & life to come4 ,9 ! ,mexican tongue x bore ! significant & wor?y "n1 ',tree ( our ,life1' or ',tree ( our ,fle%4' ,x repres5t$ ! god ( ra9s & ( heal?1 & ?is 0 ev]y:]e its simple mean+4 ',^? ( ,yucatan1' say ! *ronicl]s1 'pray$ to ! cross z ! god ( ra9s :5 !y ne$$ wat]4' ,! ,aztec goddess ( ra9s bore "o 9 h] h&1 & at ! fea/ celebrat$ to h] hon\r 9 ! e>ly spr+ 7z we h previ\sly not$7 victims 7 nail$ to a cross & %ot ) arr[s4 ,quetzalcoatl1 god ( ! w9ds1 bore z 8 sign ( (fice a mace l ! cross ( a bi%op2 8 robe 0 cov]$ ) !m /rewn l fl[]s1 & its adoration 0 ?r\gh\t connect$ ) 8 wor%ip4 ,we h m5tion$ t :5 ! ,muyscas w\ld sacrifice to ! goddess ( wat]s1 !y ext5d$ cords across ! tranquil dep?s ( "s lake1 ?us =m+ a gigantic cross1 & t at ! po9t ( int]section ?rew 9 _! (f]+s ( gold1 em]alds & preci\s oils4 ,! arms ( ! cross 7 design$ to po9t to ! c>d9al po9ts1 & repres5t ! f\r w9ds1 ! ra9 br+]s4 ,to confirm ?is explanation1 let u h rec\rse to ! simpl] c]emonies ( ! less cultivat$ tribes1 & see ! transp>5t mean+ ( ! symbol z !y employ$ x4 ,:5 ! ra9 mak] ( ! ,l5ni ,l5ape w\ld ex]t 8 p[]1 he retir$ to "s seclud$ spot & drew ^u ! e>? ! figure ( a cross1 plac$ ^u x a piece ( tobacco1 a g\rd1 a bit ( "s r$ /uff1 & comm5c$ to cry al\d to ! spirits ( ! ra9s4 ,! ,creeks at ! fe/ival ( ! ,busk1 celebrat$ to ! f\r w9ds1 & accord+ to ! leg5ds in/itut$ by !m1 comm5c$ ) mak+ ! new fire4 ,! mann] ( ?is 0 to place f\r logs 9 ! c5tre ( ! squ>e1 end to end1 =m+ a cross1 ! out] ends po9t+ to ! c>d9al po9ts2 9 ! c5tre ( ! cross ! new fire is made4#d ,z ! emblem ( ! w9ds :i* disp]se ! f]tilis+ %[]s1 says ,br9ton1 x is emphatically ! tree ( our life1 our subsi/5ce1 & our heal?4 ,x nev] _h any o!r mean+ 9 ,am]ica1 & if1 z has be5 said1 ! tombs ( ! ,mexicans 7 cruci=m1 x 0 p]haps ) ref]5ce to a resurrection & a future life z portray$ "u ?is symbol1 indicat+ t ! buri$ body w\ld rise by ! action ( ! f\r spirits ( ! _w1 z ! buri$ se$ takes on a new exi/5ce :5 wat]$ by ! v]nal %[]s4 ,x frequ5tly recurs 9 ! anci5t ,egyptian writ+s1 :]e x is int]pret$ life2 d\btless1 c\ld we trace ! hi]oglyph to its s\rce1 x w\ld likewise prove to be d]iv$ f ! f\r w9ds4#e ,! ,buddhi/ cross to :i* allusion has be5 made 0 exactly ! cross ( ! ,mani*eans1 ) leaves & fl[]s spr++ f x1 & plac$ ^u a ,m\nt ,calv>y z among ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,! tree ( life & k1 or ! ,jambu tree1 9 _! maps ( ! _w1 is always repres5t$ 9 ! %ape ( a ,mani*ean cross #hd yojanas1 or #dbc miles high1 includ+ ! ?ree /eps ( ! ,calv>y4 ,?is cross1 putt+ =? leaves & fl[]s 7& fruit also1 ,capta9 ,wil=d 0 in=m$71 is call$ ! div9e tree1 ! tree ( ! gods1 ! tree ( life & k1 & productive ( :atev] is good & desirable1 & is plac$ 9 ! t]re/rial ,p>adise4 ,agapius1 accord+ to ,photius1 ma9ta9$ t ?is div9e tree1 9 ,p>adise1 0 ,*ri/ himself4 ,9 _! del9eation ( ! heav5s1 ! globe ( ! e>? is fill$ ) ?is cross & its ,calv>y4 ,! div9es ( ,?ibet1 says ,capta9 ,wil=d1 place x to ! ,s4,w4 ( ,m]u1 t[>ds ! s\rce ( ! ,ganges4 ,! ,mani*eans always repres5t$ ,*ri/ crucifi$ ^u a tree1 among ! foliage4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,india1 ?\gh !y did n admit ( images1 /ill ent]ta9$ ! greate/ v5]ation = ! cross4 ,!y plac$ x on a ,calv>y 9 public places & at ! meet+ ( cross roads1 & ev5 ! hea!n ,h9dus 9 ^! p>ts paid also great reg>d to x4 ,capta9 ,wil=d 0 pres5t$ by a le>n$ ,buddhi/ ) a book1 call$ ! ,c%etra-samasa1 :i* conta9$ sev]al draw+s ( ! cross4 ,"s ( ^! 8 fri5d 0 unable to expla9 to him1 b :atev] ! v>iations ( ! cross 7 9 o!r p>ticul>s1 !y 7 decl>$ to be inv>iable z reg>ds ! %aft & two arms2 ! ,calv>y 0 sometimes omitt$4 ,"o ( ^! crosses seem$ to puzzle ! ,buddhi/ completely1 or he w\ld n say ei!r :at he ?\ght or knew ab\t x4 ,x consi/$ ( ! ord9>y cross ) %aft & cross-b>1 po9t$ at ! ends1 b ) two o!r b>s int]sect+ ! "r angles =m$ by ! %aft & cross-b>1 ?us giv+ six po9ts4 ,no "o c look at ?is cross1 & n at once disc]n its phallic "*4 ,"s writ]s affect to laugh at ?is1 b we h ample evid5ce t at times su* a mean+ has be5 attribut$ to ! cross4 ,9 connection ) ?is1 ,dr4 ,inman makes "s rem>ks :i* we %all d well to consid]1 :e!r we receive !m or n2 !re may be no?+ 9 !m1 & !re may be mu*4 ,he says3--,!re c be no d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! m9d ( any /ud5t ( antiquity1 t ! cross is n orig9ally a ,*ri/ian emblem2 nay1 ! v fact t ! cross 0 us$ z a means ( execut+ crim9als %[s t its =m 0 famili> to ,jews & ,romans4 ,x 0 us$ p>tly z an ornam5t1 & p>tly 9 c]ta9 =ms ( religi\s wor%ip4 ,! simple cross1 ) p]p5dicul> & transv]se arms ( equal l5g?1 repres5t$ ! nave & spokes ( ! sol> :eel1 or ! sun d>t+ 8 rays on all sides4 ,z ! :eel became fanta/ically develop$ s did ! cross1 & ea* limb became s develop$ at ! out] end z to symbolise ! triad4 ,sometimes ! idea 0 v co>sely repres5t$2 & ,i h se51 among/ "s anci5t ,etruscan rema9s1 a cross =m$ ( f\r phalli ( equal l5g?1 _! n>r[ end po9t+ inw>ds2 & 9 ! same "w ano!r 0 portray$1 9 :i* ! phallus 0 made ( inord9ate l5g? s z to support ! o!rs high up f ! gr\nd2 ea* 0 9 itself a triad4 ,! same =m ( cross 0 probably us$ by ! ,pho5icians1 :o appe> to h colonis$ ,malta at a v e>ly p]iod ( _! c>e]2 = !y h left a =m ( x beh9d !m 9 ! %ape ( a cross simil> to t describ$ above1 b :i* has be5 ton$ d[n by ! mod]ns1 :o c\ld n endure ! idea ( an union betwe5 grossness & ! crucifix1 & ! phalli became z innoc5t z we see !m 9 ! ,maltese cross ( to-day4 ,s _m traces ( ! cross1 z us$ 9 anci5t times 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 meet u on e h& t we f9d x difficult )9 ! limit$ space at our comm& ev5 to enum]ate !m2 we h already trav]s$ 9 our acc\nt a great] "p ( ! kn[n _w1 & /ill va/ numb]s ( in/ances rema9 unnotic$4 ,almo/ z v>i$ z its pr9cipal =ms are ! explanations (f]$ respect+ its orig9 & significance4 ,we are told by "s t = its orig9 we mu/ g to ! ,buddhi/s & to ! ,lama ( ,?ibet1 :o is said to take 8 "n f ! cross1 call$ 9 8 language ,lamh4 ,higg9s quotes ,vall5ce z say+ t ! ,t>t>s call ! cross ,lama1 f ! ,scy?ian ,lamh1 a h&1 synonym\s to ! ,yod ( ! ,*aldeans2 & t x ?us became ! "n ( a cross1 & ( ! high prie/ ) ! ,t>t>s2 & ) ! ,iri%1 ,lu>n1 signify+ ! head ( ! *ur*1 an abbot1 c4 ,! la/ =m ( cross to :i* we %all "h allude is t kn[n z ! ,crux ,ansata1 or ,h&l$ ,cross4 ,:atev] may be ! signification ( t in/rum5t1 or ornam5t1 x is c]ta9 t no o!r has ev] be5 s v>i\sly expla9$1 or has be5 s successful 9 puzzl+ ^? :o h s\ght to give x a mean+4 ,"s h said x 0 a ,nilomet]1 or measure ( ! rise ( ! ,nile2 "o--a bi%op--?\ght x 0 a sett+ /ick = plant+ roots2 ano!r said x repres5t$ ! ,law ( ,gravitation4 ,don ,m>t9 said x 0 a w9n[+ fan2 ,h]w>t said x 0 a compass2 ,pococke said x repres5t$ ! f\r elem5ts4 ,o!rs1 aga91 sugge/ t x may be only a key4 ,x op5$1 says ,borwick1 ! door ( ! sacr$ *e/4 ,x reveal$ hidd5 ?+s4 ,x 0 ! hope ( life to come4 ,& he cont9ues1 ,h[ev] well ! cross fit ! ma!matical lock1 ! phallic lock1 ! gno/ic lock1 ! philosophical lock1 ! religi\s lock1 x is q likely t ?is v anci5t & almo/ univ]sal symbol 0 at fir/ a secret 9 esot]ic hold+1 to ! mean+ ( :i*1 ) all our guess+1 we h no c]ta9 clue4 ,?is cross has c]ta9ly a mo/ rem>kable connection ) ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,egypt1 be+ f\nd univ]sally repres5t$ on ! monum5ts1 ! tombs1 ! walls1 & ! wrapp+ clo?s ( ! dead2 h5ce1 evid5tly1 ! idea t x is peculi>ly ,egyptian & its ascription ( ,key ( ! ,nile4 ,f ,socrates1 ,sozom51 ,!odoret1 & ,ruff9us1 we le>n t x 0 kn[n to ! ,egyptian ,*ri/ians at ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury z ! symbol ( et]nal life4 ,lat] on1 ,dr4 ,max ,uhlman wrote1 t ! h&le cross means life1 is manife/ f ! ,rosetta inscription & o!r texts4 ,zoeckl]1 ano!r ,g]man au?or1 notices ! op9ion ( ,macrobius t x 0 ! hi]oglyphic sign ( ,osiris1 or ! sun1 x be+ a fact t :5 ! anci5t ,egyptians wi%$ to symbolise ,osiris1 !y set up a /aff ) an eye ^u x1 because 9 antiquity ! sun 0 kn[n z ! eye ( ,god1 & !n claims t ! r\nd portion repres5t$ ! orb ( ! sun1 ! p]p5dicul> b> signify+ ! rays ( ! high mid-day sun1 & ! %ort] horizontal b> symbolis+ ! rays ( ! ris+ or sett+ sun4 ,! discov]y ( ?is emblem by ,m4 ,m>iette 9 a ni*e ( ! holy ( holies 9 ! anci5t temple ( ,d5d]ah1 po9ts significantly to its importance & peculi> sacr$ness1 & x has be5 ?\ght probable t x 0 ! c5tral object ( int]e/ 9 ! inn] prec9cts ( ! temple4 ,x seems t ! ,egyptian prie/s1 :5 ask$ = an explanation ( ?is cross1 evad$ ! "q by reply+ t ! ,tau 0 a div9e my/]y4 ,h[ev] v>i$ ! explanations (f]$ may be1 & :atev] ! my/]y said to surr\nd ?is object1 ! feature always rema9s1--its symbolisation ( life & reg5]ation4 ,f ?is1 its phallic "* 0 v easily inf]r$--its d]ivation f ! l+am-yoni symbol1 said ,b>l[1 seem$ a v natural process4 ,! junction ( ! yoni ) ! cross1 9 ,dr4 ,inman's judgm5t1 suffici5tly prov$ t x _h a phallic or male signification2 a conclusion :i* c]ta9 unequivocal ,etruscan rema9s fully confirm$4 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 says ?is writ]1 t ! anci5t cross 0 an emblem ( ! belief 9 a male creator1 & ! me?od by :i* creation 0 initiat$4 ,n ! lea/ rem>kable exemplification ( ! univ]sal preval5ce ( ! cross bo? z to "t & c\ntry1 is f\nd among/ co9s & m$als3 "h z 9 o!r ?+s x is ev] prom95t4 ,take ! anci5t ,gauli% co9s1 = in/ance1 & ! fylfot & ord9>y ,greek cross ab\nd2 take ! anci5t ,briti% co9s ( ! age long prior to ,*ri/ianity1 & ! same ?+ occurs4 ,on ,sc&9avian co9s1 z well z ^? ( ,gaul1 ! fylfot cross appe>s1 z x also does on ^? ( ,syracuse1 ,cor9?1 & ,*alc$on4 ,on ! co9s ( ,byblos1 ,a/>te is repres5t$ hold+ a long /aff1 surm\nt$ by a cross1 & re/+ h] foot on ! pr[ ( a galley4 ,on ! co9s ( ,asia ,m9or1 ! cross is also to be f\nd4 ,x occurs z ! rev]se ( a silv] co91 suppos$ to be ( ,cyprus1 on sev]al ,cilician co9s2 x is plac$ b5ea? ! ?rone ( ,baal ( ,t>sus1 on a ,pho5ician co9 ( t "t1 be>+ ! leg5d ',baal ,?>z4' ,a m$al possibly ( ! same place1 ) p>tially oblit]at$ ,pho5ician *>act]s1 has ! cross occupy+ ! entire field ( ! rev]se side4 ,sev]al1 ) inscriptions 9 unkn[n *>act]s1 h a ram on "o side & ! cross & r+ on ! o!r4 ,ano!r has ! sacr$ bull1 accompani$ by ?is symbol2 o!rs h a lion's head on obv]se1 & a cross & circle on ! rev]se4#f ,/rangely en\gh1 ev5 ,jewi% money is m>k$ ) ?is emblem1 ! %ekel be>+ on "o side :at is usually call$ a triple lily or hyac9?2 ! same =m+ a pretty floral cross4 ,on ,roman co9s ! cross 0 ( v frequ5t occurr5ce1 & illu/rations ( good examples may be se5 9 ! pages ( ! ,art ,j\rnal = ! ye> #ahgd4 ,an engrav+ ( ! qu9cunx1 or piece ( five unciae1 is giv51 be>+ on "o side a cross1 a ,v1 & five pellets2 & on ! o!r a cross only4 ,?is is an example ( ! e>li] p]iods2 ( c\rse :5 we come to ! lat] p]iods ! emblem is /ill m frequ5t4 ,^! co9s are (t5 f\nd 9 anci5t graves & s>cophagi1 & ^! latt] aga9 supply examples ( v>i\s famili> =ms ( crosses ( v remote antiquity1--n simply ! adornm5t ( c(f9 & graveclo?s1 b ! actual con/ruction ( ! tomb or grave-m\nd 9 t =m4 ,f9e specim5s ( ^! h be5 discov]$ at ,/oney-,littleton1 at ,new ,grange1 at ,banwell1 ,som]set1 at ,adi%am1 at ,h]e=d1 at ,help]?orpe1 & 9 ! ,isle ( ,lewis4 ,be=e ! ,romans1 long be=e ! ,etruscans1 !re liv$ 9 ! pla9s ( nor!rn ,italy a p to :om ! cross 0 a religi\s symbol1 ! sign b5ea? :i* !y laid _! dead to re/2 a p ( :om hi/ory tells no?+1 kn[+ n _! "n1 b ( :om antiqu>ian rese>* has le>n$ ?is1 t !y liv$ 9 ignorance ( ! laws ( civilisation1 t !y dwelt 9 villages built on plat=ms ov] lakes1 & t !y tru/$ 9 ! cross to gu>d1 & may be to revive _! lov$ ones :om !y committ$ to ! du/4 ,?r\gh\t ,emilia are f\nd rema9s ( ^! p2 ^! rema9s =m qu>ries :5ce manure is dug by ! peasants ( ! pres5t day4 ,^! qu>ries g by ! "n ( t]ram>es4 ,!y are va/ accumulations ( c9d]s1 *>coal1 bones1 fragm5ts ( pott]y1 & o!r rema9s ( human indu/ry4 ,z ?is e>? is v ri* 9 phosphates x is mu* appreciat$ by agriculturi/s z a dress+ = _! l&4 ,9 ^! t]ram>es !re are no human bones4 ,! fragm5ts ( e>!nw>e belong to articles ( dome/ic use2 ) !m are f\nd qu]ns1 m\lds = metal1 portions ( cab9 floors1 & great quantities ( kit*5 refuse4 ,!y are deposits analog\s to ^? :i* h be5 discov]$ 9 ,d5m>k & ,switz]l&4 ,! metal discov]$ 9 ! majority ( ^! t]ram>es is bronze2 ! rema9s belong to ?ree di/9ct ages4 ,9 ! fir/ none ( ! fictile w>e 0 turn$ on ! :eel or fire-bak$4 ,sometimes ^! deposits exhibit an advance ( civilisation4 ,iron came into use1 & ) x ! pott]'s :eel 0 discov]$1 & ! e>!nw>e 0 put 9 ! furnace4 ,:5 9 ! same qu>ry ^! two epo*s are f\nd1 ! rema9s ( ! second age are always sup]pos$ ov] ^? ( ! bronze age4 ,a ?ird p]iod is occasionally met )1 b only occasionally2 a p]iod :5 a rude art introduc$ itself1 & repres5tatives ( animals or human be+s adorn$ ! pott]y4 ,among ! rema9s ( ?is p]iod is f\nd ! fir/ trace ( money1 rude little bronze fragm5ts )\t %ape4 ,among o!r rema9s 9 ^! lake-dwell+s1 pott]y has be5 9 _m cases f\nd1 & ^! vessels be>1 on ! bottom1 crosses ( v>i\s =ms1 z well also curi\s solid d\ble cones4 ,t :i* *>act]ises ! cemet]ies ( ,golasecca1 says ,m4 de ,mortillet1 & gives !m _! highe/ int]e/1 is ?is3--fir/1 ! entire abs5ce ( all organic repres5tations2 we only f\nd ?ree & !y 7 exceptional1 9 tombs n belong+ to ! plateau2 secondly1 ! almo/ inv>iable pres5ce ( ! cross "u ! vases 9 ! tombs4 ,:5 we rev]s$ ! ossu>ies1 ! sauc]-lids1 or ! accessory vases1 we saw almo/ always1 if 9 good pres]vation1 a cross trac$ !reon 444 ! exam9ation ( ! tombs ( ,golasecca proves1 9 a mo/ conv9c+1 positive1 & precise mann]1 t :i* ! t]ram>es ( ,emilia _h only indicat$1 b :i* _h be5 confirm$ by ! cemet]y ( ,villanova2 t above a ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ! cross 0 already a religi\s emblem ( frequ5t employm5t4#g ,!re is e reason to suppose t ! cross 0 a symbol ( m import 9 ! e>ly patri>*al ages ?an is g5]ally imag9$4 ,x 0 n only ! fir/ lett]1 b x 0 also ! emblem1 ( ,taut1 ! ,m]cury1 ! ^w1 ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 ! angel1 z we may say1 ( 8 pres5ce1 himself a god among ! ,egyptians & ! ,britons1 ^: god ,teutates 0 analag\s bo? 9 "n & nature2 a w+$ mess5g]4 ,m4 ,le ,cl]c1 "o ( ! able/ my?ologi/s :o ev] wrote1 has %[n t ! ,teutates ( ! ,gauls1 ! ,h]mes ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,m]cury ( ! ,romans1 7 all "o & ! same4 ,! ,e?iopic lett] ,taui1 or ,taw1 says ,l[?1 /ill reta9s ! =m ( a cross1 ,x2 & ! ,sam>itan ,t1 :i* ! ,e?iopians are said to h borr[$ f ! ,sam>itans1 0 9 ! =m ( a ,x cross4 ,9 sev]al ,sam>itan co9s1 says ,montfaucon1 to be f\nd 9 ! collections ( m$alli/s1 ! lett] ,tau is engrav$ 9 ! =m ( a cross1 or ,greek ,*i1 & he gives z 8 au?ority ,orig5 & ,j]ome4 ,! ,jewi% ,high-prie/1 we are in=m$ by ! ,rabbis1 0 ano9t$ on 8 inve/iture1 :ile he :o ano9t$ him drew on 8 =ehead ) 8 f+] ! figure ( ! ,greek lett] ,*i1 ,x4#h ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,hea!n ,ideas ( a ,tr9ity--,! ,magi--,anci5t ,!ologies--,! ,indian ,tr9ity--,! ,sculptures ( ,elephanta--,! ,sacr$ ,z5n>--,temples consecrat$ to ,indian ,tr9ities--,! ,greek ,trid5t--,attributes ( ,brahm--,! ,h9du ,m]u--,n>ayana--,! ,trimurti--,gods ( ,egypt4 ,_m ( ! hea!ns are said to h _h a notion ( a ,tr9ity1 wrote a contributor to an encyclopa$ia1 "s eighty ye>s ago4 ,n[ t altoge!r fails to rea* ! tru?1 = hea!n nations are kn[n to s*ol>s to h _h v def9ite ideas inde$ ab\t a sacr$ ,triad2 9 fact1 z ano!r writ] has said1 !re is no?+ 9 all !ology m deeply gr\nd$1 or m g5]ally all[$ by !m1 ?an ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! ,*aldeans1 ,pho5icians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans1 bo? 9 _! writ+s & _! oracles1 ackn[l$g$ t ! ,supreme ,be+ _h begott5 ano!r ,be+ f all et]nity1 :om !y sometimes call$ ! ,son ( ,god1 sometimes ! ,^w1 sometimes ! ,m9d1 & sometimes ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 & ass]t$ to be ! ,creator ( all ?+s4 ,among ! say+s ( ! ,magi1 ! desc5dants ( ,zoroa/]1 0 "o z foll[s3--,! ,fa!r f9i%$ all ?+s1 & deliv]$ !m to ! ,second ,m9d4 ,we le>n f ,dr4 ,cudwor? t1 besides ! inf]ior gods g5]ally receiv$ by all ! ,pagans 7viz43 animat$ />s1 demons1 & h]oes71 ! m ref9$ ( !m1 :o acc\nt$ n ! _w ! ,supreme ,deity1 ackn[l$g$ a ,tr9ity ( div9e hypo/ases sup]ior to !m all4 ,?is doctr9e1 accord+ to ,plot9us1 is v anci5t1 & obscurely ass]t$ ev5 by ,p>m5ides4 ,"s h ref]r$ its orig9 to ,py?agoreans1 & o!rs to ,orpheus1 :o adopt$ ?ree pr9ciples1 call$ ,phanes1 ,uranus1 & ,cronus4 ,dr4 ,cudwor? appreh5ds t ,py?agoras & ,orpheus d]iv$ ?is doctr9e f ! !ology ( ! ,egyptian ,h]mes2 &1 z x is n probable t x %\ld h be5 fir/ discov]$ by human reason1 he concurs ) ,proclus 9 affirm+ t x 0 at fir/ a !ology ( div9e tradition1 or revelation1 imp>t$ fir/ to ! ,hebrews1 & f !m communicat$ to ! ,egyptians & o!r nations2 among :om x 0 deprav$ & adult]at$4 ,plato1 also1 & 8 foll[]s1 speak ( ! ,tr9ity 9 su* t]ms1 t ! primitive fa!rs h actually be5 accus$ ( borr[+ ! doctr9e f ! ,platonic s*ool4 ,9 ,indian !ology !re is no m prom95t doctr9e ?an t ( a ,div9e ,triad gov]n+ all ?+s1 consi/+ ( ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva4 ,by ,brahma1 !y mean ,god1 ! ,creator2 by ,vi%nu 7accord+ to ! ,sanscrit71 a pres]v]1 a com=t]1 a *]i%]2 & by ,siva1 a de/roy] & av5g]4 ,to ^! ?ree p]sonages1 diff]5t functions are assign$1 9 ! ,h9doo sy/em ( my?ologic sup]/ition1 correspond+ to ! diff]5t significations ( _! names4 ,!y are di/+ui%$1 likewise1 besides ^! g5]al titles1 9 ! v>i\s sa/ras & puranas1 by an inf9ite v>iety ( appellations descriptive ( _! (fice4 ,:atev] d\bts may arise respect+ ! ,indian ,tr9ity1 !y w v spe$ily be dispell$ by a view ( t wond]ful & magnific5t piece ( sculpture :i* is f\nd 9 ! celebrat$ cav]n ( ,elephanta1 :i* has s (t5 be5 describ$ by travell]s1 & :i* has ev] be5 su* a s\rce ( amusem5t to !m4 ,?is1 x is said1 proves t f ! remote/ era1 ! ,indian nations h ador$ a ,triune ,deity4 ,9 ?is cav]n1 ! travell] beholds1 ) awe & a/oni%m5t1 c>v$ out ( ! solid rock1 9 ! mo/ conspicu\s "p ( ! mo/ anci5t & v5]able temple 9 ! _w1 a bu/ ne>ly tw5ty feet 9 bread?1 & eighte5 feet 9 altitude1 gorge\sly decorat$1 ! image ( ! great presid+ ,deity ( t sacr$ temple4 ,! bu/ has ?ree heads unit$ to "o body1 & adorn$ ) ! olde/ symbols ( ! ,indian !ology1 is reg>d$ z repres5t+ ! ,creator1 ! ,pres]v]1 & ! ,reg5]ator ( mank9d4 ,ow+ to ! gross surr\nd+s ( ^! *>act]s1 respectively d5om9at$ ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1 any comp>ison _c be in/itut$ ) ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity2 yet ! wor%ip paid to t triple div9ity inconte/ably ev9ces t1 on ?is po9t ( fai?1 ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,indians are cong5ial ) ^? ( ! ,*aldeans & ,p]sians4 ,nor is x only 9 ?is great ,deity ) ?ree heads t ^! s5tim5ts are demon/rat$1 _! v5]ation = t sacr$ numb] /rik+ly displays itself 9 _! sacr$ books--! ?ree orig9al ,v$as--z if ea* _h be5 deliv]$ by "o p]sonage ( ! augu/ ,triad1 be+ conf9$ to t my/ic numb]2 by ! regul> & prescrib$ (f]+ up ( _! devotions ?ree times a day2 by ! imm]sion ( _! bodies1 dur+ ablution1 ?ree times 9 ! purify+ wave2 & by _! con/antly we>+ next _! sk9 ! sacr$ ,z5n>1 or cord ( ?ree ?reads1 ! my/ic symbol ( _! belief 9 a div9e all rul+ ,triad4 ,! sacr$ ,z5n>1 j m5tion$1 is ( consequ5ce en\gh to dem& a full] notice4 ,its ?reads c be twi/$ by no o!r h& ?an t ( a ,brahm91 & he does x ) ! utmo/ solemnity & _m my/ic rites4 ,?ree ?reads1 ea* measur+ n9ety-six h&s1 are fir/ twi/$ toge!r2 !n !y are fold$ into ?ree1 & twi/$ aga91 mak+ x to consi/ ( n9e1--t is ?ree times ?ree ?reads2 ?is is fold$ aga9 into ?ree1 b )\t any m twi/+1 & ea* end is !n fa/5$ ) a knot4 ,su* is ! ,z5n>1 :i* be+ put ^u ! left %\ld]1 passes to ! "r side1 & hangs d[n z l[ z ! f+]s c rea*4 ,! ,h9doos1 says ,m4 ,sonn]at1 adore ?ree pr9cipal deities1 ,br\ma1 ,*iv51 & ,vi*5\1 :o are /ill b ,"o2 :i* k9d ( ,tr9ity is !re call$ ,trim\rti1 or ,tritvamz1 & signifies ! reunion ( ?ree p[]s4 ,! g5]ality ( mod]n ,indians adore only "o ( ^! ?ree div9ities1 b "s le>n$ m51 besides ?is wor%ip1 also address _! pray]s to ! ,?ree unit$4 ,! repres5tation ( !m is to be se5 9 _m pagodas1 "u t ( human figures ) ?ree heads1 :i*1 on ! coa/ ( ,orissa1 !y call ,s>ih>abrama2 on ! ,corom&el coa/1 ,trim\rti2 & ,tretratreyam1 9 ! ,sanscrit4 ,x is affirm$ by ,maurice t ?is latt] t]m w\ld n h be5 f\nd 9 ,sanscrit _h n ! wor%ip ( a ,tr9ity exi/$ 9 ^? anci5t times1 fully two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 ,sanscrit 0 ! curr5t language ( ,india4 ,!re h be5 f\nd temples entirely consecrat$ to ?is k9d ( ,tr9ity2 su* z t ( ,p>p5ade1 9 ! k+dom ( ,travancore1 :]e ! ?ree gods are wor%ipp$ 9 ! =m ( a s]p5t ) a ?\s& heads4 ,! fea/ ( ,an&av\rdon1 :i* ! ,indians celebrate to _! hon\r1 on ! eve ( ! full moon1 9 ! mon? ( ,preta*i1 or ,octob]1 always draws a great numb] ( p1 :i* w\ld n be ! case1 says ,sonn]at1 if ^? t came 7 n ador]s ( ! ,?ree ,p[]s4 ,mr4 ,=/] writ+1 9 #aghe1 on ! ,my?ology ( ! ,h9doos1 says3--,a circum/ance :i* =cibly /ruck my att5tion1 0 ! ,h9doo belief 9 a ,tr9ity4 ,! p]sons are ,sree ,mun ,n>ra91 ! ,mhah ,let*imy 7a beautiful woman71 & a ,s]p5t1 :i* are emblematical ( /r5g?1 love1 & wisdom4 ,^! p]sons1 by ! ,h9doos1 are suppos$ to be :olly indivisible4 ,! "o is ?ree1 & ! ?ree are "o4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 !y say t ! ,deity creat$ ?ree m5 to :om he gave ! names ( ,brimha1 ,vy/n\1 & ,%eevah4 ,to ! fir/ 0 committ$ ! p[] ( creat+ mank9d1 to ! second ( *]i%+ !m1 & to ! ?ird t ( re/ra9+ & correct+ !m4 ,! sacr$ p]sons :o compose ?is ,tr9ity are v rem>kable2 = ,sree ,mun ,n>ra91 z ,mr4 ,=/] writes ! ^w1 is ,n>ay51 ! supreme ,god2 ! beautiful woman is ! ,imma ( ! ,hebrews2 & ! union ( ! sexes 9 ! ,div9ity1 is p]fectly consonant ) t anci5t doctr9e ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,geeta1 & propagat$ by ,orpheus1 t ! ,deity is bo? male & female4 ,damascius1 treat+ ( ! fecundity ( ! div9e nature1 cites ,orpheus z tea*+ t ! ,deity 0 at once bo? male & female1 to %[ ! g5]ative p[] by :i* all ?+s 7 =m$4 ,proclus ^u ! ,timaeus ( ,plato1 among o!r ,orphic v]ses1 cites ! foll[+3 ,jupit] is a man1 ,jupit] is also an immortal maid4 ,9 ! same comm5t>y1 & 9 ! same page we read t all ?+s 7 conta9$ 9 ! womb ( ,jupit]4 ,! s]p5t is ! anci5t & usual ,egyptian symbol = ! div9e ,logos4 ,m4 ,tav]ni]1 on 8 ent]+ "o ( ! great pagodas1 obs]v$ an idol 9 ! c5tre ( ! build+1 sitt+ cross-legg$ 9 ! ,indian fa%ion1 ^u ^: head 0 plac$ une triple c\ronne2 & f ?is triple cr[n f\r horns ext5d$ !mselves1 ! symbol ( ! rays ( glory1 d5ot+ ! ,deity to :om ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! _w 7 "u subjection4 ,accord+ to ! same au?or1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! ,b5>es pagoda1 ! deity ( ,india is salut$ by pro/rat+ ! body ?ree times1 & he is n only adorn$ ) a triple cr[n1 & wor%ipp$ by a triple salutation1 b he be>s 9 8 h& a ?ree-=k$ sceptre1 exhibit+ ! exact model ( ! trid5t ( ! ,greek ,neptune4 ,n[ "h we mu/ allude to "s v rem>kable discov]ies respect+ ! ,trid5t ( ,neptune & ! use ( a simil> symbol ( au?ority by ! ,indian gods4 ,mr4 ,maurice po9ts out t ! unsatisfactory reasons giv5 by my?ologi/s = ! assignm5t ( ! trid5t to ! ,grecian deity1 exhibit v cle> evid5ce ( its be+ a symbol t 0 borr[$ f "s m anci5t my?ology1 & did n naturally1 or orig9ally belong to ,neptune4 ,its ?ree po9ts1 or t9es1 "s ( !m affirm to signify ! diff]5t qualities ( ! ?ree sorts ( wat]s t are ^u ! e>?1 z ! wat]s ( ! ocean1 :i* are salt2 ! wat] ( f\nta9s1 :i* is sweet2 & ! wat] ( lakes & ponds1 :i*1 9 a degree1 p>takes ( ! nature ( bo?4 ,o!rs1 aga91 insi/ t ?is ?ree-prong$ sceptre alludes to ,neptune's ?reefold p[] ov] ! sea1 viz41 to agitate1 to assuage1 & to pres]ve4 ,^! reasons are1 all ( !m1 9 8 e/imation1 mighty frivol\s1 & am\nt to a confession ( _! total ignorance ( its real mean+4 ,! trid5t 01 9 ! mo/ anci5t p]iods1 ! sceptre ( ! ,indian deity1 & may be se5 9 ! h&s ( t deity 9 "o ( ! plates 7iv47 ( ,m4 d',anc>ville's ?ird volume1 & among ! sacr$ symbols sculptur$ 9 ,elephanta cav]n1 z pictur$ by ,niebuhr 9 8 engrav+s ( ! ,elephanta antiquities4 ,x 01 inde$1 says ,maurice1 highly prop]1 & /rictly *>act]i/ic1 t a ?reefold deity %\ld wield a triple sceptre1 & ,i h n[ a v curi\s circum/ance to unfold to ! read]1 :i* ,i am enabl$ to d f ! in=mation ( ,mr4 ,hodges1 relative to ?is my/]i\s emblem4 ,! v anci5t & v5]able edifices ( ,deogur1 :i* are 9 ! =m ( imm5se pyramids1 d n t]m9ate at ! summit 9 a pyramidal po9t1 = ! apex is cut (f at ab\t "o sev5? ( :at w\ld be ! entire height ( ! pyramid 7 x complet$1 &1 f ! c5tre ( ! top1 !re rises a circul> cone1 t anci5t emblem ( ! sun4 ,:at is exce$+ly s+ul> to ^! cones is1 t !y are on _! summits decorat$ ) ?is v symbol1 or usurp$ sceptre1 ( ! ,greek ,greek3 ,poseidon4 ,?us 0 ! outside ( ! build+ decorat$ & cr[n$1 z x 71 ) a conspicu\s emblem ( ! wor%ip celebrat$ )91 :i* f ! antiquity ( ! /ructure1 rais$ 9 ! infancy ( ! empire aft] cav]n-wor%ip _h ceas$1 0 probably t ( ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva3 = we h se5 t ,elephanta is1 9 fact1 a temple to ! ,indian ,triad1 evid5c$ 9 ! colossal sculpture t =ms ! pr9cipal figure ( x1 & excavat$ probably ere ,brahma _h fall5 into neglect among ^? :o /ill ackn[l$ge him z ! creative en]gy1 or diff]5t sects _h sprung up "u ! respective names ( ,vi%nu & ,siva4 ,und]/ood ) ref]5ce to ! pure !ology ( ,india1 su* appe>s to me to be ! mean+ ( ?is mi/ak5 symbol2 b a sy/em ( physical !ology quickly succe$$ to ! pure2 & ! debas$1 b +5i\s1 prog5y1 :o inv5t$ x1 knew too well h[ to adapt ! symbols & images ( ! true & false devotion4 ,! ?ree sublime hypo/ases ( ! true ,tr9ity 7 degrad$ into ?ree attributes2 9 physical causes ! sacr$ my/]ies ( religion 7 attempt$ to be expla9$ away2 its doctr9es 7 corrupt$1 & its emblems p]v]t$4 ,!y w5t ! absurd l5g? ( degrad+ a ,creator 7= su* ,brahma1 9 ! ,h9doo cre$1 confess$ly is7 to ! rank ( a creat$ ,dewtah1 :i* has be5 %ewn to be a gl>+ solecism 9 !ology4 ,! evid5t result !n is1 t1 no?)/&+ all ! corruption ( ! pur] !ology ( ! ,brahm9s1 by ! base alloy ( human philosophy1 "u ! p]v]t$ notion ( ?ree attributes1 ! ,indians h immemorially wor%ipp$ a ?reefold ,div9ity1 :o1 consid]$ ap>t f _! physical notions1 is ! ,creator1 ! ,pres]v]1 & ! ,reg5]ator4 ,we mu/ aga9 repeat t x w\ld be 9 ! highe/ degree absurd to cont9ue to affix ! "n ( ,de/roy] to ! ?ird hypo/asis 9 _! ,triad1 :5 x is notori\s t ! ,brahm9s d5y t any?+ c be de/roy$1 & insi/ t a *ange alone 9 ! =m ( objects & _! mode ( exi/5ce takes place4 ,"o feature1 !re=e1 9 t "*1 ho/ile to our sy/em1 ^u /rict exam9ation vani%es2 & ! o!r feature1 :i* creates s mu* disgu/ & gives su* an air ( lic5ti\sness to 8 "*1 is annihilat$ by ! consid]ation ( _! deep imm]sion 9 philosophical speculations1 ( _! incessant endeav\rs to acc\nt = ! div9e op]ations by natural causes1 & to expla9 !m by palpable & visible symbols4 ,no image ( ! supreme ,brahma himself is ev] made2 b 9 place ( x 8 attributes are arrang$1 z 9 ! temple ( ,gh>ipuri1 ?us3 ,brahma ,p[] ,creation ,matt] ,! ,pa/ ,e>? ,vi%nu ,wisdom ,pres]vation ,_s ,! ,pres5t ,wat] ,siva ,ju/ice ,de/ruction ,"t ,! ,future ,fire ,capta9 ,wil=d 9 ! #aj? vol4 ( ! ,asiatic ,rese>*es writes ( ,m]u or ,moriah1 ! hill ( ,god1 & he says3--,polya5us calls ,m\nt ,m]u or ,m]ius1 ,tri-coryphus4 ,x is true t he be/[s improp]ly t epi!t on ,m\nt ,m]u1 ne> ,cabul1 :i* is inadmissible4 ,m]u1 ) its ?ree peaks on ! summit1 & its sev5 /eps1 includes & encompasses really ! :ole _w1 accord+ to ! notions ( ! ,h9dus & o!r nations previ\sly to _! be+ acqua9t$ ) ! globul> %ape ( ! e>?4 ,basnage1 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 says !re are sev5 e>?s1 :]e( "o is high] ?an ! o!r2 = ! ,holy ,l& is situat$ ^u ! highe/ e>?1 & ,m\nt ,moriah 7or ,m]u7 is 9 ! middle ( t ,holy ,l&4 ,?is is ! hill ( ,god s (t5 m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! m\nt ( ! congregation :]e ! mighty ,k+ sits 9 ! sides ( ! nor?1 accord+ to ,isaiah1 & !re is ! city ( our ,god4 ,! ,m]u ( ! ,h9doos has ! "n ( ,sabha1 or ! congregation1 & ! gods are seat$ ^u x 9 ! sides ( ! nor?4 ,!re is ! holy city ( ,brahma-puri1 :]e resides ,brahma ) 8 c\rt 9 ! mo/ pure & holy l& ( ,ilavratta4 ,?us ,m]u is ! worldly temple ( ! ,supreme ,be+ 9 an embodi$ /ate1 & ( ! ,tri-,murtti or sacr$ ,triad1 :i* resides on its summit1 ei!r 9 a s+le or ?reefold temple1 or r 9 bo?3 = x is all "o1 z !y are "o & ?ree4 ,!y are ?ree1 only ) reg>d to m5 :o h em]g$ out ( x !y are b "o3 & _! ?reefold temple & m\nta91 ) its ?ree peaks1 become "o equally4 ,my?ologi/s 9 ! we/ call$ ! _w1 or ,m]u ) 8 app5dages1 ! temple ( ,god1 accord+ to ,macrobius4 ,h5ce ?is mo/ sacr$ temple ( ! ,supreme ,be+ is g5]ally typifi$ by a cone or pyramid1 ) ei!r a s+le *apel on its summit1 or ) ?ree2 ei!r ) or )\t /eps4 ,?is worldly temple is also consid]$ by ! foll[]s ( ,buddha z ! tomb ( ! son ( ! _s ( heav54 ,8 bones1 or limbs1 7 scatt]$ all ov] ! face ( ! e>?1 l ^? ( ,osiris & ,jupit] ,zagreus4 ,to collect !m 0 ! fir/ duty ( 8 desc5dants & foll[]s1 & !n to entomb !m4 ,out ( filial piety1 ! remembrance ( ?is m\rnful se>* 0 ye>ly kept up by a fictiti\s "o1 ) all possible m>ks ( grief & sorr[1 till a prie/ came & ann\nc$ t ! sacr$ relics 7 at la/ f\nd4 ,?is is practis$ to ?is day by sev]al ,t>t>ian tribes ( ! religion ( ,buddha2 & ! expression ( ! bones ( ! son ( ! _s ( heav5 is peculi> to ! ,*9ese1 & "s tribes 9 ,t>t>y4 ,h9du writ]s repres5t ,n>ayana mov+1 z 8 "n implies1 on ! wat]s1 9 ! "* ( ! fir/ male1 & ! pr9ciple ( all nature1 :i* 0 :olly surr\nd$ 9 ! beg9n+ by tamas1 or d>kness1 ! ,*aos & primordial ,night ( ! ,greek my?ologi/s1 &1 p]haps1 ! ,?aumaz or ,?amas ( ! anci5t ,egyptians2 ! ,*aos is also call$ ,pracriti1 or crude ,nature1 & ! male deity has ! "n ( ,puru%a1 f :om proce$$ ,sacti1 or1 ! p[] ( conta9+ or conceiv+2 b t p[] 9 its fir/ /ate 0 r a t5d5cy or aptitude1 & lay dormant & in]t until x 0 excit$ by ! bija1 or vivify+ pr9ciple1 ( ! pla/ic ,isw>a4 ,?is p[]1 or aptitude1 ( nature is repres5t$ "u ! symbol ( ! yoni1 or bhaga1 :ile ! animat+ pr9ciple is express$ by ! l+a3 bo? are unit$ by ! creative p[]1 ,brahma2 & ! yoni has be5 call$ ! navel ( ,vi%nu--n id5tically1 b ne>ly2 =1 ?\gh x is held 9 ! ,v$anta t ! div9e _s p5etrates or p]vades all nature1 & ?\gh ! ,sacti be consid]$ z an emanation f t _s1 yet ! emanation is nev] :olly deta*$ f its s\rce1 & ! p5etration is nev] s p]fect z to become a total union or id5tity4 ,9 ano!r po9t ( view ,brahma corresponds ) ! ,*ronos1 or ,"t ( ! ,greek my?ologi/s3 = ?r\gh him g5]ations pass on successively1 ages & p]iods are by him put 9 motion1 t]m9at$ & r5ew$1 :ile he dies & spr+s to bir? alt]nately2 8 exi/5ce or en]gy cont9u+ = a hundr$ ( 8 ye>s1 dur+ :i* he produces & dev\rs all be+s ( less longevity4 ,vi%nu repres5ts wat]1 or ! humid pr9ciple2 & ,isw>a fire1 :i* recreates or de/roys1 z x is diff]5tly appli$2 ,pri?ivi1 or e>?1 & ,ravi1 or ! sun1 are sev]ally trimurtis1 or =ms ( ! ?ree great p[]s act+ jo9tly & sep>ately1 b ) diff]5t natures & en]gies1 & by _! mutual action excite & exp& ! rudim5ts ( mat]ial sub/ances4 ,! ^w murti1 or =m1 is exactly synonym\s ) ,greek3 eidola1 ( ! supreme _s1 & ,hom] places ! idol ( ,h]cules 9 ,elysium ) o!r deceas$ h]oes1 ?\gh ! ,god himself 0 at ! same "t enjoy+ bliss 9 ! heav5ly mansions4 ,su* a murti1 say ! ,h9dus1 c by no means affect ) any s5sation1 ei!r pleas+ or pa9ful1 ! be+ f :i* x emanat$2 ?\gh x may give pleasure or pa9 to collat]al emanations f ! same s\rce2 h5ce !y (f] no sacrifices to ! supreme ,ess5ce1 ( :i* our own s\ls are images1 b adore ,him ) sil5t m$itation2 :ile !y make frequ5t homas or oblations to fire1 & p]=m acts ( wor%ip to ! sun1 ! />s1 ! e>?1 & ! p[]s ( nature1 :i* !y consid] z murtis1 or images1 ! same 9 k9d ) ourselves1 b transc5d5tly high] 9 degree4 ,! moon is also a great object ( _! adoration2 =1 ?\gh !y consid] ! sun & e>? z ! two gr& ag5ts 9 ! sy/em ( ! univ]se1 yet !y "k _! reciprocal action to be greatly affect$ by ! influ5ce ( ! lun> orb accord+ to _! sev]al aspects1 & seem ev5 to h an idea ( attraction ?r\gh ! :ole ext5t ( nature4 ,?is sy/em 0 kn[n to ! anci5t ,egyptians2 = accord+ to ,diodorus1 _! ,vulcan1 or elem5tal fire1 0 ! great & p[]ful deity1 ^: influ5ce contribut$ *iefly t[>d ! g5]ation & p]fection ( natural bodies2 :ile ! ocean1 by :i* !y meant wat] 9 a collective s5se1 af=d$ ! nutrim5t t 0 necess>y2 & ! e>? 0 ! vase1 or capaci\s receptacle1 9 :i* ?is gr& op]ation ( nature 0 p]=m$3 h5ce ,orpheus describ$ ! e>? z ! univ]sal "m1 & ?is is ! true mean+ ( ! ,sanscrit ^w ,amba4 ,fur!r in=mation respect+ ! male & female =ms ( ! ,trimurti has be5 ga!r$ z foll[s3-- ,atropos 7or ,raudri71 :o is plac$ ab\t ! sun1 is ! beg9n+ ( g5]ation2 exactly l ! de/ructive p[]1 or ,siva among ! ,h9dus1 & :o is call$ ! cause & ! au?or ( g5]ation3 ,clo?o1 ab\t ! cele/ial moon1 unites & mixes3 ! la/1 or ,la*esis1 is contigu\s to ! e>?3 b is greatly "u ! influ5ce ( *ance4 ,= :atev] be+ is de/itute ( a s5sitive s\l1 does n exi/ ( its own "r2 b mu/ submit to ! affections ( ano!r pr9ciple3 = ! rational s\l is ( its own "r impassable1 & is n obnoxi\s to affections f ano!r qu>t]4 ,! s5sitive s\l is a m$iate & mix$ be+1 l ! moon1 :i* is a comp\nd ( :at is above & ( :at is bel[2 & is to ! sun 9 ! same relation z ! e>? is to ! moon4 ,major ,wil=d says3--,well ,pl9y might say1 ) great tru?1 ! ref9em5ts ( ! ,druids 7 su*1 t "o w\ld be tempt$ to believe t ^? 9 ! ea/ _h l>gely borr[$ f !m4 ,?is c]ta9ly surpasses ev]y?+ ( ! k9d ,i h ev] read or he>d 9 ,india4 ,^! ?ree goddesses are obvi\sly ! ,p>coe1 or fates1 ( ! we/]n my?ologi/s1 :i* 7 ?ree & "o4 ,?is female tri-unity is really ! ,tri-murtti ( ! ,h9dus1 :o call x ! ,sacti1 or en]gy ( ! male ,tri-murtti1 :i* 9 reality is ! same ?+4 ,?\gh ! male tri-unity be (t5] m5tion$1 & bett] kn[n among ! unle>n$ ?an ! o!r2 yet ! female "o is always und]/ood ) ! o!r1 because ! ,trimurtti _c act1 b ?r\gh its en]gy1 or ,sacti1 :i* is ( ! fem99e g5d]4 ,! male ,trimurtti 0 h>dly kn[n 9 ! we/1 = ,jupit]1 ,pluto1 & ,neptune h no aff9ity ) ! ,h9du ,trimurtti1 except _! be+ ?ree 9 numb]4 ,! real ,trimurtti ( ! ,greeks & ,latians consi/$ ( ,cronus1 ,jupit] & ,m>s1 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu & ,siva4 ,to ^! ?ree gods 7 d$icat$ ?ree alt>s 9 ! upp] "p ( ! great circus at ,rome4 ,^! are bro!rs 9 _! ,calpas2 & ,cronus or ,brahma1 :o has no ,calpa ( 8 own1 produces !m1 & ( c\rse may be consid]$ z _! fa!r4 ,?us ,brahma creates 9 g5]al2 b ,vi%nu 9 8 own ,calpa1 assumes ! "* ( ,cronus or ,brahma to create1 & he is really ,cronus or ,brahma3 he is !n call$ ,brahma-rupi ,jan>dana1 or ,vi%nu1 ! dev\r] ( s\ls1 ) ! c\nt5ance ( ,brahma3 he is ! pres]v] ( 8 own "*4 ,^! ?ree 7 probably ! ,tripatres ( ! we/]n my?ologi/s1 call$ also ,tritopatores1 ,tritog5eia1 ,tris-,endaimon1 ,trisolbioi1 ,trismac>i/oi1 & ,propatores4 ,! anci5ts 7 n well agre$ :o !y 73 "s ev5 said t !y 7 ,cottus1 ,bri>eus1 & ,gyges1 ! sons ( ,tellus & ! sun4 ,o!rs said t !y 7 ,amalcis1 ,protocles1 & ,protocless1 ! door-keep]s & gu>dians ( ! m9ds4 ,_! my/ical orig9 probably belong$ to ! secret doctr9e1 :i* ! ,roman college1 l ! ,druids1 nev] committ$ to writ+1 & 7 =bidd5 to reveal4 ,z ! anci5ts swore by !m1 !re c be little d\bt b t !y 7 ! ?ree great deities ( _! religion4 ,dis5tangl+ ! some:at intricate & involv$ web ( ,indian my?ology1 & putt+ ! matt] z simply z possible1 we may say ! deities are only ?ree1 ^: places are ! e>?1 ! int]m$iate region1 & heav51 namely ,fire1 ,air1 & ! ,sun4 ,!y are pron\nc$ to be deities ( ! my/]i\s names sev]ally1 & 7,prajapati7 ! "l ( creatures is ! deity ( !m collectively4 ,! syllable ,o'ru int5ds e deity3 x belongs to 7,p>ama%t'hi7 him :o dwells 9 ! supreme abode2 x p]ta9s to 7,brahma7 ! va/ "o2 to 7,deva7 ,god2 to 7,ad'hyatma7 ! sup]9t5d+ s\l4 ,o!r deities1 belong+ to ^? sev]al regions1 are portions ( ! ?ree gods2 = !y are v>i\sly nam$ & describ$ on acc\nt ( _! diff]5t op]ations1 b !re is only "o deity1 ! ,great ,s\l 7,mahanatma74 ,he is call$ ! ,sun1 = he is ! s\l ( all be+s4 ,! ,sun1 ! s\l ( 7jagat7 :at moves1 & ( t :i* is fix$2 o!r deities are portions ( him4 ,! "n giv5 by ! ,indians to _! ,supreme ,deity1 or ,monad1 is ,brahm2 & not)/&+ ! appe>ance ( mat]ialism 9 all _! sacr$ books1 ! ,brahm9s nev] admit t !y uphold su* a doctr9e1 b inve/ _! deities ) ! highe/ attributes4 ,he is repres5t$ z ! ,va/ ,"o1 self-exi/+1 invisible1 et]nal1 imp]ceptible1 ! only deity1 ! great s\l1 ! ov]-rul+ s\l1 ! s\l ( all be+s1 & ( :om all o!r deities are b portions4 ,to him no sacrifices 7 ev] (f]$2 b he 0 ador$ 9 sil5t m$itation4 ,he triplicates himself into ?ree p]sons or p[]s1 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva1 ! ,creator1 ! ,pres]v]1 & ! ,de/roy]1 or ,reproduc]2 & is designat$ by ! ^w ,om or ,aum by ! respective lett]s ( :i* sacr$ trilit]al syllable are express$ ! p[]s into :i* he triplicates himself4 ,! ,metempsy*osis & succession ( simil> worlds1 alt]nately de/roy$ by flood & fire & reproduc$1 7 doctr9es univ]sally receiv$ among ! hea!ns3 & by ! ,indians1 ! _w1 aft] ! lapse ( ea* pr$e/9$ p]iod ( its exi/5ce1 0 ?\ght to be de/roy$ by ,siva4 ,at ea* appo9t$ "t ( its de/ruction1 ,vi%nu ceases f 8 pres]v+ c>e1 & sleeps b5ea? ! wat]s3 b aft] ! allott$ p]iod1 f 8 navel spr+s =? a lotus to ! surface1 be>+ ,brahma 9 its cup1 :o reorganises ! _w1 & :5 he has p]=m$ 8 "w1 retires1 leav+ to ,vi%nu its gov]nm5t & pres]vation2 :5 all ! same h]oes & p]sons reappe>1 & simil> ev5ts are aga9 transact$1 till ! "t arrives = ano!r dissolution4 ,aft] ! con/ruction ( ! _w by ,brahma1 ! (fice ( its pres]vation is assum$ by ,vi%nu4 ,8 *ief attribute is ,wisdom3 he is ! ,air1 ,wat]1 ,humidity 9 g5]al1 ,space1 & sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 ,e>?3 he is ,"t pres5t1 & ! middle3 & he is ! ,sun 9 ! ev5+ & at night4 ,8 col\r is blue or blacki%2 8 ,vahan1 ! ,eagle nam$ ,g>uda2 8 allott$ place1 ! ,air or int]m$iate region1 & he symbolises ,unity4 ,x is he :o mo/ commonly appe>s 9 ! ,avat>s or ,inc>nations1 ( :i* n9e 9 numb] are record$ z pa/3 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( :i* are 8 inc>nations z ,mateya or ! ,fi% ,rama1 ,kri%na1 & ,buddha3 ! t5? ( ,kalki1 or ! ,horse1 is yet to come4 ,x is f him t ,brahma spr+s :5 he proce$s to 8 (fice ( creation4 ,! de/roy+ & reg5]at+ p[]1 ,siva1 ,maha-deva1 ,isw>a1 or ,r\trem is reg>d$ metaphysically z ,ju/ice1 & physically z ,fire or ,heat1 & sometimes ,wat]4 ,he is ! ,sun at noon3 8 col\r is :ite1 ) a blue ?roat1 b sometimes r$2 8 ,vahan is ! bull1 & 8 place ( resid5ce ! heav54 ,z de/ruction 9 ! mat]ial _w is b *ange or production 9 ano!r =m1 & 0 s held by almo/ all ! hea!n philosoph]s1 we f9d t ! peculi> emblems ( ,siva are1 z we h already %[n1 ! ,trid5t1 ! symbol ( de/ruction2 & ! ,l+a or ,phallus1 ( reg5]ation4 ,! ?ree deities 7 call$ ,trimurtti1 & 9 ! cav]ns ( ,ellora !y are unit$ 9 a ,triune bu/4 ,!y are collectively symboliz$ by ! triangle4 ,vi%nu1 z ,humidity p]sonifi$1 is also repres5t$ by an inv]t$ triangle1 & ,siva by a triangle erect1 z a p]sonification ( ,fire2 :ile ! ,monad ,brahm is repres5t$ by ! circle z ,et]nity1 & by a po9t z hav+ nei!r l5g?1 nor bread?1 z self-exi/+1 & conta9+ no?+4 ,! ,brahmans d5y mat]ialism2 yet x is ass]t$ by ,mr4 ,wil=d1 t1 :5 closely int]rogat$ on ! title ( ,deva or ,god1 :i* _! mo/ sacr$ books give to ! ,sun1 !y avoid a direct answ]1 & (t5 contradict !mselves & "o ano!r4 ,! supreme div9ity ( ! ,sun1 h[ev]1 is con/antly ass]t$ 9 _! scriptures2 & ! holie/ v]se 9 ! ,v$as1 :i* is call$ ! ,gayatri1 is3--,let u adore ! supremacy ( t div9e sun1 ! ,godhead1 :o illum9ates all1 :o recreates all1 f :om all proce$1 to :om all mu/ return1 :om we invoke to direct our und]/&+ aright 9 our progress t[>ds 8 holy seat4 ,x has be5 said t 9 ,india is to be f\nd ! mo/ anci5t =m ( t ,tr9it>ian wor%ip :i* prevails 9 ne>ly e qu>t] ( ! kn[n _w4 ,be t z x may1 x is n 9 ,india :]e ! mo/ rem>kable phase ( ! wor%ip is to be f\nd2 = t we turn to ,egypt4 ,"h we meet ) ! /range fact t no two cities wor%ipp$ ! same triad4 ,! "o rem>kable feature 9 ne>ly all ^! triads is t !y are fa!r1 "m1 & son2 t is1 male & female pr9ciples ( nature1 ) _! product4 ,m>iette ,bey says3--,accord+ to places1 ! attributes by :i* ! ,div9e ,p]sonage is surr\nd$ are modifi$2 b 9 ea* temple ! triad w\ld appe> z a symbol de/9$ to affirm ! et]nity ( be+4 ,9 all triads1 ! pr9cipal god gives bir? to himself4 ,consid]$ z a ,fa!r1 he rema9s ! great god ador$ 9 temples4 ,consid]$ z a ,son1 he becomes1 by a sort ( d\bl+1 ! ?ird p]son ( ! triad4 ,b ! ,fa!r & ! ,son are n less ! "o god1 :ile1 be+ d\ble1 ! fir/ is ! et]nal god2 ! second is b ! liv+ symbol de/9$ to affirm ! /r5g? ( ! o!r4 ,! fa!r eng5d]s himself 9 ! womb ( ! "m1 & ?us becomes at once 8 own fa!r & 8 own son4 ,!reby are express$ ! uncreat$ness & ! et]nity ( ! be+ :o has _h no beg9n+1 & :o %all h no end4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! gods ( ,egypt 7 gr\p$ 9 sets ( ?ree1 ea* city hav+ its own ,tr9ity4 ,?us 9 ,memphis we f9d ,ptah1 ,pa%t & ,mon?2 9 ,!bes1 ,amun-,ra1 ,a?or & ,*onso2 9 ,e?iopia1 ,n\m1 ,sate & ,anucis2 9 ,h]mon?is1 ,mon?ra1 ,reto & ,h>phre2 9 ,l[] ,egypt1 ,seb1 ,netphe & ,osiris2 9 ,?9nis1 ,osiris1 ,isis & ,anhur2 9 ,ab\simbel & ,d]r1 ,ptah1 ,amun-,ra & ,horus-,ra2 9 ,esne1 ,neph1 ,neboo & ,hake2 9 ,dabad1 ,seb1 ,netpe & ,m&o/i2 9 ,ambos1 ,savak1 ,a?or & ,khonso2 9 ,edf\1 ,horket1 ,ha?or & ,hors5$to4 ,! tr9ity common ?r\gh\t ! l& is t ( ,osiris1 ,isis & ,horus4 ,dr4 ,cudwor? translates ,jambli*us z foll[s1 quot+ f ! ,egyptian ,h]metic ,books 9 def9+ ! ,egyptian ,tr9ity3--,h]mes places ! god ,emeph z ! pr9ce & rul] ov] all ! cele/ial gods1 :om he affirme? to be a ,m9d und]/&+ himself1 & conv]t+ 8 cogitations or intellections into himself4 ,be=e :i* ,emeph he place? "o indivisible1 :om he calle? ,eicton1 9 :i* is ! fir/ intelligible1 & :i* is wor%ipp$ only by sil5ce4 ,aft] :i* two1 ,eicton & ,emeph1 ! demiurgic m9d & presid5t ( tru?1 z ) wisdom x proce$e? to g5]ations1 & br+e? =? ! hidd5 p[]s ( ! occult reasons ) light1 is call$ 9 ! ,egyptian language ,ammon3 z x artificially affects all ?+s ) tru?1 ,ph?a2 z x is productive ( good1 ,osiris2 besides o!r names t x ha? accord+ to its o!r p[]s & en]gies4 ,^u ?is1 ,dr4 ,cudwor? rem>ks3--,h[ well ^! ?ree div9e hypo/ases ( ! ,egyptians agree ) ! ,py?agoric or ,platonic ,tr9ity (1--fir/1 ,unity & ,goodness itself2 secondly1 ,m9d2 &1 ?irdly1 ,s\l1--,i ne$ n "h decl>e4 ,only we %all call to m9d :at ha? be5 already intimat$1 t ,reason or ,wisdom1 :i* 0 ! ,demiurgus ( ! _w1 & is prop]ly ! second ( ! =e-m5tion$ hypo/ases1 0 call$ also1 among ! ,egyptians by ano!r "n1 ,cneph2 f :om 0 said to h be5 produc$ or begott5 ! ,god ,ph?a1 ! ?ird hypo/asis ( ! ,egyptian ,tr9ity2 s t ,cneph & ,emeph are all "o4 ,:]e=e1 we h "h pla9ly an ,egyptian ,tr9ity ( div9e hypo/ases subord9ate1 ,eicton1 ,emeph or ,cneph1 & ,ph?a4 ,mr4 ,%>pe1 9 8 ,egyptian ,inscriptions1 m5tions ! fact t !re is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum a hi]oglyphical inscription z e>ly z ! reign ( ,seve*us ( ! eigh? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,era1 %[+ t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity already =m$ "p ( _! religion1 & /at+ t 9 ea* ( ! two gr\ps1 ,isis1 ,neph?is & ,osiris1 & ,osiris1 ,isis1 & ,horus1 ! ?ree gods made only "o p]son4 ,also t ! sculptur$ figures on ! lid ( ! s>cophagus ( ,rameses ,,iii41 n[ at ,cambridge1 %[ u ! ,k+1 n only z "o ( a gr\p ( ?ree gods1 b also z a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity 9 8 own p]son4 ,he /&s betwe5 ! goddesses1 ,isis & ,nep?ys1 :o embrace him z if he 7 ! lo/ ,osiris1 :om !y h n[ f\nd aga94 ,we fur!r "k him to be 9 ! "* ( ,osiris by ! two sceptres :i* he holds2 b at ! same "t ! horns ^u 8 head are ^? ( ! goddess ,a?or1 & ! ball & fea!rs above are ! ornam5ts ( ! god ,ra4 ,ne>ly all writ]s describe ! ,egyptian ,tr9ity z consi/+ ( ! g5]ative1 ! de/ructive1 & ! pres]v+ p[]s4 ,isis answ]s to ,siva4 ,isw>a1 or ,"l1 is ! epi!t ( ,siva4 ,osiris1 or ,ysiris1 z ,hellanicus wrote ! ,egyptian "n1 0 ! ,god at ^: bir? a voice 0 he>d to decl>e1 t ! ,"l ( all nature sprang =? to light4 ,a peculi> feature 9 ! anci5t tr9ities is ! way 9 :i* ! wor%ip ( ! fir/ p]son is lo/ or absorb$ 9 ! second1 few or no temples be+ f\nd d$icat$ to ,brahma4 ,some?+ v mu* l ?is (t5 occurs among ,*ri/ians2 we are surr\nd$ by *ur*es d$icat$ to ! second & ?ird p]sons 9 ! tr9ity1 & to sa9ts1 & to ! ,"m ( ,*ri/1 b none to ! ,fa!r4 ,x has be5 notic$ t :ile we f9d inscrib$ ^u ! monum5ts ( ,egypt a va/ multitude ( gods1 z 9 ,india1 ! numb] dim9i%es z we asc5d4 ,amun ,ra alone is f\nd d$icat$ ^u ! olde/ monum5ts1 9 ?ree di/9ct =ms1 into "o or o!r ( ^: *>act]s all ! o!r div9ities may be resolv$4 ,amun 0 ! *ief god1 ! sacr$ "n1 correspond+ ) ! ,aum ( ! ,indians1 also1 probably1 ! ,egyptian ,on4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,wilk9son1 ! ,egyptians held ,kneph1 ,neph1 ,nef1 or ,*n\bus1 z ! idea ( ! ,_s ( ,god :i* mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,he 0 ! ,_s1 animat+ & p]petuat+ ! _w1 & p5etrat+ all its p>ts2 ! same ) ! ,aga?odaemon ( ! ,pho5icians1 & l him1 0 symboliz$ by ! snake1 an emblem ( ! ,_s :i* p]vades ! univ]se4 ,he 0 commonly repres5t$ ) a ,ram's head2 & ?\gh ! col\r ( ! ,egyptian div9ities is p]haps m commonly gre5 ?an any o!r1 he is z frequ5tly depict$ blue4 ,he 0 ! god ( ! ,nile1 :i* is indirectly confirm$ by ,p9d>2 & by ,ptolemy1 :o says t ! ,egyptians gave ! "n ( ,aga?odaemon to ! we/]n1 or ,h]acleotic bran*4 ,f 8 m\? proce$$ ! ,mundane egg1 f :i* sprung ,phtah1 ! creative p[]4 ,mr4 ,wilk9son proce$s3--,hav+ sep>at$ ! ,_s f ! ,creator1 & purpos+ to act ap>t & defy ea* attribute1 :i* pres5t$ itself to _! imag9ation1 !y f\nd x necess>y to =m ano!r deity f ! creative p[]1 :om !y call ,phtah1 proce$+ f ! =m]1 & !nce deem$ ! son ( ,kneph4 ,"s diff]5ce 0 obs]v$ betwe5 ! p[]1 :i* creat$ ! _w1 & t :i* caus$ & rul$ ov] ! g5]ation ( man1 & cont9u$ to promote ! cont9uation ( ! human species4 ,?is latt] attribute ( ! div9ity 0 deifi$ "u ! appellation ,khem4 ,?us 0 ! supreme deity kn[n by ! ?ree di/9ct names (1 ,kneph1 ,ph?ah1 ,khem3 to ^! 7 jo9$ ! goddesses ,sate1 ,nei?1 & ,buto2 & ! numb] ( ! eight deities 0 complet$ by ! addition ( ,ra1 or ,amun-,ra1 ?is la/1 h[ev]1 0 n a di/9ct god1 b a "n common to ea* p]son ( ! triad3 &1 inde$1 to all ! ?ree names above ! "n ( ,amun 0 con/antly prefix$4#i ,ph?ah corresponds ) ! ,indian ,brahma1 & ! ,orphic ,phanes1 & appe>s 9 sev]al o!r =ms4 ,9 "o =m he is repres5t$ z an infant--(t5 z an infant ,priapaean figure1 & de=m$4 ,! deity call$ ,khem by ,mr4 ,wilk9son1 & ,m5des by ,*ampollion1 is common on ! monum5ts ( ,egypt1 & is recognis$ z correspond+ ) ! ,pan ( ! ,greeks4 ,8 *ief attribute is heat1 :i* aids ! cont9uation ( ! v>i\s species1 & he is g5]ally col\r$ r$1 ?\gh sometimes blue1 ) 8 "r arm ext5d$ upw>ds4 ,8 pr9cipal emblems are a triple-?ong$ ,flagellum & a ,phallus4 ,he corresponds ) ,siva ( ! ,indians1 8 attributes be+ simil>1 viz41 ,de/roy+ & ,reg5]at+4 ,he is ! god ( g5]ation1 &1 l ,siva1 has 8 ,phallic emblem ( reproduction2 ! triple-?ong$ flagellum is reg>d$ by "s z a v>iation ( ! trid5t1 or ( ! axe ( ,siva4 ,he has = a vahan ! ,bull ,mneuis1 z ,sivi has ! ,bull ,n&i4 ,! ,goat ,m5des 0 also consecrat$ to him z an emblem ( heat & g5]ation2 & x is well kn[n t ?is animal is con/antly plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,siva4 ,9 %ort1 says ,mr4 ,cory1 !re is sc>cely a %ade ( di/9ction betwe5 ,khem & ,siva3 ! ,egyptians v5]at$ ! same deity z ! ,indians1 9 8 g5]ative "* z ,khem1 :5 !y susp5d$ ! flagellum1 ! in/rum5t ( v5geance1 ov] 8 "r h&2 b 9 8 de/roy+ "*1 z ! rul] ( ! dead1 z ,osiris1 :5 !y plac$ ! flagellum 9 8 h&s z ! trid5t is 9 t "* plac$ 9 ! h& ( ,siva4 ,9 ! ,*aldean oracles1 s f> z !y h be5 pres]v$1 ! doctr9e ( a triad is f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,all[+ = ! exi/5ce ( mu* t is =g$ among/ ^! oracles1 z sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,cory & o!rs1 we may reasonably conclude t !re /ill rema9s a deal t is anci5t & au!ntic4 ,!y tea* z a fundam5tal t5et t a triad %9es ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 ov] :i* a ,monad rules4 ,?is triad is ,fa!r1 ,p[]1 & ,intellect1 hav+ probably once be5 ,air1 ,fire1 & ,sun4 ,among/ ! ,lapl&]s ! ,supreme ,god 0 wor%ipp$ z ,jumala1 & ?ree gods 7 recognis$ z subord9ate to him4 ,! fir/ 0 ,?or ( ! ,edda2 ! second ,/orjunk>e1 8 viceg]5t1 ! common h\sehold god2 & ! ?ird ,beywe1 ! ,sun4 ,) reg>d to ! ,pho5icians & ,syrians1 ,photius /ates t ! ,kronus ( bo? 0 kn[n "u ! names ( ,el1 ,bel1 & ,bola!n4 ,! ,sidonians1 ,eudemus said1 plac$ be=e all ?+s ,*ronus1 ,po?as1 & ,omi*les1 r5d]$ by ,damascius z ,"t1 ,love1 & ,cl\dy ,d>kness1 reg>d$ by "s z no o!r ?an ! ,khem1 ,ph?ah1 & ,amun ,kneph ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! ,h]acles or ,h]cules ( ! ,greeks1 kn[n z ,arcles ( ! ,tyrians1 0 a triple div9ity1 describ$ by ,hi]onymus z a dragon1 ) ! heads ( a bull1 ( a lion1 & ( a man ) w+s4 ,among ! ,phili/9es also we f9d _! *ief god ,dragon1 :o is ! ,ouranus ( ,san*onia?o4 ,x appe>s also t ,baal 0 a triple ,div9ity3 :ile ,*emo%1 ! abom9ation ( ! ,moabites1 & ,baal ,peor1 ( ! ,midians1 seem to be ! ,priapaean ,khem ( ,egypt1 ! god ( heat & g5]ation4 ,! ,edess5es also held ! triad1 & plac$ ,monimus & ,azizus z contempl>s ) ! ,sun4#aj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,supreme ,god ( ! ,p]uvians--,assum$ ,orig9 ( ! ,tr9ity ,idea 9 ! ,patri>*al ,age--,wel% ,ideas--,druidical ,triads--,! ,anci5t ,religion ( ,am]ica--,! ,classics & ,hea!n ,triads--,! ,tritopatoreia--,! ,virg9 ,m>y--,! ,virg9 among/ ! ,hea!n--,univ]sality ( ! ,belief 9 a ,tr9ity--,! ,dahomans4 ,! ,supreme ,god ( ! ,p]uvians1 0 call$ ,viraco*a2 kn[n also z ,pa*ac>nac1 ,s\l ( ! _w1 ,usapu admirable1 & o!r names4 ,g>cilazo says1 he 0 consid]$ z ! giv] ( life1 su/a9] & n\ri%] ( all ?+s1 b because !y did n see him1 !y erect$ no temples to him nor (f]$ sacrifices2 h[ev] !y wor%ipp$ him 9 _! he>ts1 & e/eem$ him = ! unkn[n ,god4 ,g5]ally1 speak+1 ! sun 0 ! great object ( ,p]uvian idolatry dur+ ! dom9ion ( ! ,incas4 ,its wor%ip 0 ! mo/ solemn1 & its temples ! mo/ spl5did 9 _! furniture & decorations1 & ! common p1 no d\bt1 rev]5c$ t lum9>y z _! *ief god4 ,h]r]a m5tions ! circum/ance t at "o ( ! fe/ivals1 !y exhibit$ ?ree /atues ( ! sun1 ea* ( :i* _h a p>ticul> "n1 :i* z he translat$ !m 7 ,fa!r & ,"l ,sun1 ! ,son ,sun1 & ! ,bro!r ,sun4 ,he also says1 t at ,*ucuisaea1 !y wor%ipp$ an idol call$ ,tangatanga1 :i* !y said 0 ?ree & "o4 ,! ,spani% writ]s consid] ?is doctr9e to h be5 /ol5 by ! devil f ,*ri/ianity1 & imp>t$ by him to ?is p4 ,by ?is op9ion !y evid5tly decl>e its antiquity 9 ,p]u to h be5 great] ?an ! "t ( ! ,spani% conque/4 ,^? writ]s & s*ol>s :o refuse to believe t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z taught 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 0 kn[n dur+ ! patri>*al or judaical disp5sations1 & !re=e w n all[ t ! tr9ity ( ! ,p]uvians _h any ref]5ce to ! dogma ( ,*ri/ianity1 cont5d t _! tr9ity 0 f\nd$ 9 ^? e>ly corruptions ( patri>*al hi/ory1 9 :i* m5 began to repres5t ,adam1 & 8 ?ree sons2 & ,noah1 & 8 ?ree sons2 z be+ triplicates ( ! same ess5tial p]son1 :o orig9ally 0 ! univ]sal fa!r ( ! human race3 & secondly1 be+ triplicat$ 9 _! ?ree sons1 :o also 7 consid]$ ! fa!rs ( mank9d4 ,!y say !re=e1 ,adam & ,noah 7 ea* ! fa!r ( ?ree sons2 & to ! p]sons ( ! latt] ( ^! triads1 by ^: desc5dants ! _w 0 repeopl$1 ! :ole habitable e>? 0 assign$ 9 a ?reefold division4 ,?is matt]1 ?\gh x sometimes appe>s 9 an undisguis$ =m1 0 usually wrapp$ up 9 ! cloak ( ! mo/ pr(\nd my/]y4 ,h5ce in/ead ( pla9ly say+1 t ! mortal :o _h fl\ri%$ 9 ! gold5 age & :o 0 v5]at$ z ! univ]sal demon fa!r bo? ( gods & m51 0 ! p>5t ( ?ree sons1 !y 7 wont to decl>e1 t ! great fa!r _h wond]fully triplicat$ himself4 ,pursu+ ?is ve9 ( my/icism1 !y contriv$ to obscure ! triple division ( ! habitable globe among ! sons ( ,noah1 j z mu* z ! *>act]s ( ! ?ree sons !mselves4 ,a v anci5t notion univ]sally prevail$ t "s su* triple division _h once tak5 place2 & ! hi]ophants :5 !y _h elevat$ ,noah & 8 ?ree sons to ! rank ( deity1 proce$$ to r+ a v>iety ( correspond+ *anges ^u t celebrat$ ?reefold di/ribution4 ,noah 0 e/eem$ ! univ]sal sov]eign ( ! _w2 b1 :5 he bran*$ out into ?ree k+s 7i4e41 triplicat+ himself into 8 ?ree sons71 t _w 0 to be divid$ into ?ree k+doms1 or1 z !y 7 sometimes /yl$1 ?ree worlds4 ,to "o ( ^! k+s 0 assign$ ! empire ( heav52 to ano!r1 ! empire ( ! e>?1 includ+ ! ne!r regions ( ,t>t>us2 to a ?ird1 ! empire ( ! ocean4 ,s aga91 :5 ,noah became a god1 ! attributes ( deity 7 inevitably ascrib$ to him1 o!rwise1 he w\ld pla9ly h become incapable ( support+ 8 new "*3 yet ev5 9 ! ascription ( su* attributes1 ! g5u9e outl9es ( 8 hi/ory 7 nev] suff]$ to be :olly =gott54 ,he _h witness$ ! de/ruction ( "o _w1 ! new creation 7or reg5]ation7 ( ano!r1 & ! oa? ( ,god t he w\ld surely pres]ve mank9d f ! repetition ( su* a calamity z ! deluge4 ,h5ce :5 he 0 wor%ipp$ z a h]o-god1 he 0 rev]$ 9 ! triple "* ( ! de/roy]1 ! creator1 & ! pres]v]4 ,& :5 he 0 triplicat$ into ?ree cognate div9ities1 7 produc$ ?ree gods1 diff]5t1 yet fundam5tally ! same1 "o mild ?\gh awful z ! creator2 ano!r g5tle & b5efic5t z ! pres]v]2 a ?ird1 sangu9>y1 f]oci\s1 & implacable z ! de/roy]4#aa ,! idea ( a tr9ity 0 r curi\sly develop$ among/ ! ,druids1 especially among/ ! ,wel%4 ,!y us$ a numb] ( triplicat$ s5t5ces z summ>ies ( matt]s relat+ to _! religion1 hi/ory1 & sci5ce1 9 ord] t ^! ?+s might be ! m easily committ$ to memory & h&$ d[n to future g5]ations4 ,! triads 7 ^!3-- #a4 ,!re are ?ree primeval ,unities1 & m ?an "o ( ea* _c exi/3 ,"o ,god2 ,"o ,tru?2 ,"o ,po9t ( ,lib]ty1 :]e all opposites equipond]ate4 #b4 ,?ree ?+s proce$ f ! primeval unities3 ,all ( ,life2 ,all t is ,good2 & ,all ,p[]4 #c4 ,god consi/s necess>ily ( ?ree ?+s3 ,! ,greate/ ( ,life2 ,! ,greate/ ( ,k2 & ,! ,greate/ ( ,p[]4#ab ,! ,druids v5]at$ ! ,bull & ,eagle z emblems ( ! god ,hu1 & l ! ,jews & ,indians1 made use ( a t]m1 only kn[n to !mselves1 to express ! unutt]able "n ( ! ,deity1 & ! lett]s ,,oiw 7 us$ = t purpose4 ,f ,h]odotus1 ,ari/otle1 ,plut>*1 & o!rs1 we get in=mation conc]n+ ! triads among/ ! ,p]sians1 & :i* 7 simil> 9 _m respects to ^? recognis$ by o!r ea/]n nations4 ,oromasdes & ,arimanes 7 rul+ pr9ciples always 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 viz41 good & evil1 & spr++ f light & d>kness1 :i* !y are said to h mo/ resembl$4 ,eudemus says1 !y proce$$ f ,place or ,"t4 ,oromasdes 0 look$ ^u z ! :ole expanse ( heav51 & 0 consid]$ by ! ,greeks z id5tical ) ,zeus4 ,he 0 ! ,pres]v]2 & ,arimanes1 ! ,de/roy]4 ,betwe5 !m1 accord+ to ,plut>* 0 ,mi?ras1 ! ,m$iator1 :o 0 reg>d$ z ! ,sun1 z ,light1 z ,intellect1 & z ! creator ( all ?+s4 ,he 0 a triple deity & 0 said to h triplicat$ himself4 ,! ,leont9e my/]ies 7 in/itut$ 9 8 hon\r1 ! lion be+ consecrat$ to him1 & ! ,sun 0 repres5t$ by ! emblems ( ! ,bull1 ! ,lion1 & ! ,hawk1 unit$4 ,9 ! anci5t religions ( ,am]ica1 a species ( tr9ity 0 recognis$ altoge!r diff]5t to t ( ,*ri/ianity or ! ,trimurti ( ,india4 ,9 "s ( ! anci5t poems a triple nature is actually ascrib$ to /orms2 & 9 ! ,qui*e leg5ds we read3 ,! fir/ ( ,hurakan is ! lightn+1 ! second ! track ( ! lightn+1 & ! ?ird ! /roke ( ! lightn+2 & ^! ?ree are ,hurakan ! ,heat ( ! ,sky4 ,9 ! ,iroquois my?ology ! same ?+ is f\nd4 ,h5o 0 ?und]1 & ?ree assi/ants 7 assign$ to him ^: (fices 7 simil> to ^? ( ! companions ( ,hurakan4 ,h5o 0 said to ga!r ! cl\ds & p\r out ! w>m ra92 he 0 ! patron ( husb&ry1 & 0 invok$ at se$time & h>ve/4 ,z ! purveyor ( n\ri%m5t1 he 0 address$ z gr&fa!r1 & 8 wor%ipp]s /yl$ !mselves 8 gr&*ildr54 ,among/ ! ,aztecs1 ,tlaloc1 ! god ( ra9 & wat]1 manife/$ himself "u ! ?ree attributes ( ! fla%1 ! ?und]bolt1 & ! ?und]4 ,b ?is conception ( ?ree 9 "o1 says ,br9ton1 0 above ! compreh5sion ( ! masses1 & consequ5tly ^! deities 7 also spok5 ( z f\rfold 9 nature1 ?ree & "o4 ,moreov]1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! ?und]-god 0 usually rul] ( ! w9ds1 & ?us ano!r reason = 8 quadruplicate nature 0 sugge/$4 ,hurakan1 ,haokah1 ,tlaloc1 & probably ,h5o1 are plural z well z s+ul> n\ns1 & are us$ z nom9atives to v]bs 9 bo? numb]s4 ,tlaloc 0 appeal$ to z inhabit+ ea* ( ! c>d9al po9ts & e m\nta9 top4 ,8 /atue re/$ on a squ>e /one p$e/al1 fac+ ! ea/1 & _h 9 "o h& a s]p5t 9 gold4 ,ribbons ( silv]1 cross+ to =m squ>es1 cov]$ ! robe1 & ! %ield 0 compos$ ( fea!rs ( f\r col\rs1 yell[1 gre51 r$ & blue4 ,be=e x 0 a vase conta9+ all sorts ( gra92 & ! cl\ds 7 call$ 8 companions1 ! w9ds 8 mess5g]s4 ,z else:]e1 ! ?und]bolts 7 believ$ to be fl9ts1 & ?us1 z ! emblem ( fire & ! /orm1 ?is /one figures conspicu\sly 9 _! my?s4 ,tohil1 ! god :o gave ! ,qui*es fire by %ak+ 8 s&als1 0 repres5t$ by a fl9t-/one4 ,he is di/9ctly said to be ! same z ,quetzelcoatl1 "o ( ^: commone/ symbols 0 a fl9t4 ,su* a /one1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?+s1 fell f heav5 to e>?1 & broke into #afjj pieces1 ea* ( :i* sprang up a god2 an anci5t leg5d1 :i* %ad[s =? ! subjection ( all ?+s to him :o ga!rs ! cl\ds f ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?1 :o ?und]s ) 8 voice1 :o satisfies ) 8 ra9 ! desolate & wa/e gr\nd1 & causes ! t5d$ h]b to spr+ =?4 ,?is is ! g]m ( ! adoration ( /ones z emblems ( ! fecundat+ ra9s4 ,?is is :y1 = example1 ! ,navajos use z _! *>m = ra9 c]ta9 long r\nd /ones1 :i* !y ?9k fall f ! cl\ds :5 x ?und]s4 ,x is said t all ov] ,africa1 belief 9 a tr9ity ( gods is f\nd1 ! same to-day z has prevail$ at lea/ = =ty c5turies1 & p]haps = v mu* long]4 ,*aldaea1 ,assyria1 & ! temple ( ,erek!us1 on ! ,acropolis ( ,a!ns1 hon\r$ & sacrific$ to ,zeus 7! ,sun1 ,h]cules1 or ,phallic idea7 ! ,s]p5t & ,ocean2 & ,africa /ill does s to ! ,tree-,/em or ,pole1 ! ,s]p5t1 & ! ,sea or ,wat]2 & ?is ,tr9ity is "o god1 & yet s]ves to divide all gods into ?ree classes1 ( :i* ^! are types4 ,important & int]e/+ notices relative to ! nature ( ! deities wor%ipp$ by ! anci5ts are to be f\nd 9 ! treatise ( ,julius ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de ,errore ,pr(an>um ,religionum ad ,con/antium1 et ,con/antem ,angg4 ,firmicus attributes to ! ,p]sians a belief 9 ! &rogyn\s nature ( ! deity naturam ejus 7jovis7 ad utriusque sexus transf]5tes4 ,no d\bt ?is doctr9e has always be5 recognis$1 by _m writ]s1 z be+ held by ! philosoph]s ( ,india & ,egypt1 & t x con/itut$ a "p ( ! cre$ ( ,orpheus1 b its connection ) ,p]sia has n be5 s g5]ally ackn[l$g$4 ,firmicus1 aft] speak+ ( ! two-fold p[]s ( ,jupit] 7t is1 ! deity be+ bo? male & female7 adds1 :5 !y *oose to give a visible repres5tation ( him1 !y sculpture him z a female4 ,aga91 !y repres5t him z a female ) ?ree heads4 ,x 0 a figure adorn$ ) s]p5ts ( a mon/r\s size4 ,x 0 v5]at$ "u ! symbol ( fire4 ,x 0 call$ ,mi?ra4 ,x 0 wor%ipp$ 9 secret cav]ns4 ,! rites ( ,mi?ra 7 famili> to ! ,romans1 b !y wor%ipp$ !m 9 a mann] diff]5t f ! ,p]sian c]emonies4 ,firmicus _h se5 ,mi?ra sculptur$ 9 two diff]5t ways3 9 "o piece ( sculpture he 0 repres5t$ z a female ) ?ree faces1 & infold$ ) s]p5ts2 & 9 ano!r piece ( sculpture he 0 repres5t$ z seiz+ a bull4 ,classic writ]s ab\nd ) ref]5ces1 n simply to a plurality ( gods among ! hea!n1 b to a tr9ity 9 unity & unity 9 tr9ity1 sometimes approa*+ 9 ! simil>ity ( _! broad outl9es ! doctr9e z held by or?odox religioni/s4 ,h]odotus calls ! deity ( ! ,pelasgians1 ,gods1 & x is admitt$ t ! passage evid5tly implies t ! expression 0 us$ by ! prie/s ( ,dodona4 ,! ,pelasgians wor%ipp$ ! ,cabiri1 & ! ,cabiri 7 orig9ally ?ree 9 numb]1 h5ce x is inf]r$ t ^! ,cabiri 7 ! ,pelasgian ,tr9ity1 & t hav+ 9 anci5t times no "n :i* w\ld h impli$ a div]sity ( gods1 !y wor%ipp$ a tr9ity 9 unity4 ,! wor%ip ( ! ,cabiri by ! ,pelasgians is evid5t1 = ,h]odotus says1 9 8 second book1 t ! ,samo?racians le>nt ! ,cabiric my/]ies f ! ,pelasgians1 :o once inhabit$ t isl&1 & aft]w>ds settl$ 9 ,greece1 ne> ,attica4 ,cic]o te/ifies t ! ,cabiri 7 orig9ally ?ree 9 numb]1 & he c>efully di/+ui%es !m f ! ,dioscuri4 ,a passage 9 ,pausanias /ates t at ,tritia1 a city ( ,a*aia1 !re is a temple erect$ to ! ,dii ,magni 7or ,cabiri72 _! images are a repres5tation ( a god made ( clay4 ,we ne$ n be surpris$1 said a writ] once1 t ,pausanias %\ld be puzzl$ h[ to express ! fact t1 ?\gh x 0 ! temple ( ! ?ree ,cabiri1 yet !re 0 only "o image 9 x4 ,is n ?is ! doctr9e ( a tr9ity 9 unity8 ,pott] in=ms u t ^? :o desir$ to h *ildr5 7 usually v lib]al to ! gods1 :o 7 ?\ght to preside ov] g5]ation4 ,! same writ] also says3--,:o ^! 71 or :at 0 ! orig9ation ( _! "n1 is n easy to det]m9e3 ,orpheus1 z cit$ by ,phanodemus 9 ,suidas1 makes _! prop] names to be ,amaclides1 ,protocles1 & ,protocleon1 & w h !m to preside ov] ! w9ds2 ,demo makes !m to be ! w9ds !mselves4 ,ano!r au?or tells u _! names 7 ,cottus1 ,bri>eus1 & ,gyges1 & t !y 7 ! sons ( heav5 & ( e>?3 ,philocrus likewise makes e>? _! "m1 b in/ead ( heav51 sub/itutes ! sun1 or ,apollo1 = _! fa!r1 :]e he seems to acc\nt1 z well = _! be+ acc\nt$ ! sup]9t5d5ts ( g5]ation1 z = ! "n ( ,greek3 tritopat]es2 = be+ imm$iately desc5d$ f two immortal gods1 !mselves1 sai? he1 7 ?\ght ! ?ird fa!rs1 & !re=e might well be e/eem$ ! common p>5ts ( mank9d1 & f t op9ion d]ive ^? hon\rs1 :i* ! ,a!nians paid !m z ! au?ors & presid5ts ( human g5]ation4 ,aga91 ! ,tritopatoreia 0 a solemnity 9 :i* x 0 usual to pray = *ildr5 to ! gods ( g5]ation1 :o 7 sometimes call$ tritopat]es4 ,! names ( ! ,cabiri1 z ,cic]o says1 are ,tritopatreus1 ,eubuleus1 & ,dionysius3 ?is fact is suppos$ to give u a little insight into ! orig9 ( ! ^w tritopat]es1 or tritopatreis4 ,philocrus1 z we h se51 makes !m ! sons ( ,apollo & ( ! e>?3 ?is fact w help u to develop ! tru?3 ! two la/ hypo/ases emanat$ f ! ,creator3 ?us 9 ! ,egyptian ,tr9ity ( ,osiris1 ( ,isis1 & ( ,horus1 ,isis is n only ! consort1 b ! daught] ( ,osiris1 & ,horus 0 ! fruit ( _! embrace1 ?us 9 ! ,sc&9avian ,tr9ity ( ,ad91 ( ,trea1 & ( ,?or1 ,trea is n only ! wife1 b ! daught] ( ,od91 & ,?or 0 ! fruit ( _! embrace1 z ,maillet obs]ves 9 8 ,nor!rn ,antiquities 7vol4 ii471 !re is ! ,roman ,tr9ity ( ,jupit]1 ( ,juno1 & ( ,m9]va1 ,juno is ! si/] & ! wife ( ,jupit]1 & ,m9]va is ! daught] ( ,jupit]3 n[1 x is a s+ul> fact1 t 9 ! ,pelasgic ,tr9ity ( ! ,cabirim1 two ( !m are said to h be5 ! sons ( ,vulcan1 or ! ,sun1 z we read 9 ,pott] 7vol4 i47 ,h5ce we see1 x has be5 cont5d$1 ! mi/ake ( ,philocrus3 !re 7 n ?ree emanations f ! ,sun1 z he supposes1 b only two3 _! "n tritopat]es1 :i* alludes to ! doctr9e ( ! tr9ity1 puzzl$ ,philocrus1 :o knew no?+ ( ! doctr9e1 & he is cr$it$ ) co9+ ! /ory1 to acc\nt = ?is appellation3 ! ,cabiri 71 z is kn[n f ,cic]o1 call$ ,tritopatreus1 ,dionysius1 & ,eubuleus4 ,dionysius is ,osiris1 & ,eubuleus & ,tritopatreus are ! two hypo/ases1 :i* emanat$ f him3 ! "n ( ! ?ird hypo/asis is g5]ally comp\nd$ ( "s ^w :i* signifies ! ?ird3 h5ce ,m9]va d]iv$ h] "n ( ,tritonis1 or ,tritonia ,virgo3 h5ce ,m9]va is call$ by ,hesiod 7ref]r$ to 9 ,lempri]e's ,classical ,diction>y71 ,tritog5ia3 h5ce came ! ,tritia1 ( :i* ,pausanias speaks3 h5ce came ! ,tritopatreus ( ,cic]o3 h5ce came ! ,?ridi ( ! ,sc&9avians4 ,we read 9 ! ,edda ^! rem>kable words3 ,he aft]w>ds beheld ?ree ?rones rais$ "o above ano!r1 & on ea* ?rone sat a man2 ^u 8 ask+ :i* ( ^! 0 _! k+1 8 guide answ]$1 'he :o sits ^u ! l[e/ ?rone is ! k+1 & 8 "n is ,hor1 or ! ,l(ty ,"o3 ! second is ,ja5h>1 t is ,equal to ! ,l(ty ,"o2 b he :o sits ^u ! highe/ ?rone is call$ ,?ridi1 or ! ,?ird4' ,pausanias has a numb] ( passages :i* be> ^u ?is subject1 & seem to prove conclusively t ! ,greeks recognis$ ! doctr9e ( a tr9ity 9 unity & wor%ipp$ ! same4 ,9 8 second book he says3 ,beyond ! tomb ( ,pelasgus is a small /ructure ( brass1 :i* supports ! images ( ,diana1 ( ,jupit]1 & ( ,m9]va1 a "w ( "s antiquity3 ,lyceas has 9 "s v]ses record$ ! fact t ?is is ! repres5tation ( ,jupit] ,ma*9ator4 ,aga91 9 ,book ,i41 :5 describ+ ! ,areopagite di/rict ( ,a!ns1 he says3--,"h are ! images ( ,pluto1 ( ,m]cury1 & ( ,tellus1 to :om all su* p]sons1 :e!r citiz5s or /rang]s1 z h v9dicat$ _! innoc5ce 9 ! ,c\rt ,areopagus1 are requir$ sacrifice4 ,9 a temple ( ,c]es1 at ! entrance ( ,a!ns1 !re are images ( ! goddess h]self1 ( h] daught]1 & ( ,bac*us1 ) a tor* 9 8 h&4 ,t ! gr\p+ ( ! ?ree deities 0 n accid5tal is evid5t f ! frequ5cy ) :i* !y are s m5tion$1 & o!r passages %[ t !y 7 ! ?ree deities :o 7 wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4 ,?us 9 ,book ,,viii41 ,*4 #be3--,! riv] ,lado !n cont9ues its c\rse to ! temple ( ! ,eleus9ian ,c]es1 :i* is situat$ 9 t]ritories ( ! ,!lpusians3 ! ?ree /atues 9 x are ea* sev5 feet high1 & all ( m>ble3 !y repres5t ,c]es1 ,pros]p9e1 & ,bac*us4 ,9 ano!r passage 7,book ,,ii41 ,*4 #b7 he says3--,by a temple d$icat$ to all ! gods1 !re 7 plac$ ?ree /atues ( ,jupit] 9 ! op5 air1 ( :i* "o _h no title1 a second 0 /yl$ ! ,t]re/rial1 & ! ?ird 0 /yl$ ! highe/4 ,! le>n$ say1 ( c\rse1 x is cle> t ! miss+ title %\ld h be5 ! ,god ( ! ,sea1 z ! o!rs 7 ! ,god ( ,heav51 & ! ,god ( ! ,e>?4 ,ano!r passage 9 ,pausanias confirms ?is3--,9 a temple ( ,m9]va 0 plac$ a wood5 image ( ,jupit] ) ?ree eyes2 two ( !m 7 plac$ 9 ! natural position1 & ! o!r 0 plac$ on ! =ehead4444 ,"o may naturally suppose t ,jupit] is repres5t$ ) ?ree eyes z ! ,god ( ! ,heav51 z ! ,god ( ! ,e>?1 & z ! ,god ( ! ,sea4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ,pausanias records ! tradition t ?is /ory ( ! ?ree-ey$ ,jupit] comes f ,troy1 & x is kn[n t ! ,trojans ackn[l$g$ a tr9ity 9 ! div9e nature1 & t ! ,dii ,p5ates1 or ! ,cabiri ( ! ,romans1 came f ,troy4 ,quotations f ! translation ( ! ,atlas ,*9esis ( ,montanus1 by ,ogilby1 %[ t ! ?ree-ey$ ,jupit] 0 an ori5tal emblem ( ! tr9ity3--,! mod]n le>n$1 or foll[]s ( ?is fir/ sect1 :o are ov]:elm$ 9 idolatry1 divide g5]ally _! idols1 or false gods1 into ?ree ord]s1 viz41 cele/ial1 t]re/rial1 & inf]nal3 9 ! cele/ial !y ackn[l$ge a tr9ity ( "o godhead1 :i* !y wor%ip & s]ve by ! "n ( a goddess call$ ,pussa2 :i*1 ) ! ,greeks1 we might call ,cybele1 & ) ,egyptians1 ,isis & ,"m ( ! ,gods4 ,?is ,pussa 7accord+ to ! ,*9ese say+7 is ! gov]ness ( nature1 or1 to speak prop]ly1 ! ,*9ese ,isis1 or ,cybele1 by ^: p[] !y believe t all ?+s are pres]v$ & made fruitful1 z ! ?ree ins]t$ figures relate4 ,9 ! doctr9e relat+ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y z held by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 !re is a rem>kable resemblance to ! tea*+ ( ! anci5ts respect+ ! female con/antly associat$ ) ! triune male deity4 ,h] names & titles are _m1 & ?\gh div]sifi$1 mo/ly po9t+ to ! same idea4 ,"s ( ^! are z foll[s3--,! ,virg91 conceiv+ & br++ =? f h] own inh]5t p[]4 ,! wife ( ,bel ,nimrod2 ! wife ( ,as%ur2 ! wife ( ,n94 ,%e is call$ ,multa1 ,mulita1 or ,mylitta1 or ,enuta1 ,bilta or ,bilta ,nipruta1 ,i%t>1 ,ri1 ,alitta1 ,elissa1 ,bettis1 ,a%tore?1 ,a/>te1 ,s>uha1 ,nana1 ,asurah4 ,among/ o!r names %e is kn[n z ,a?or1 ,dea ,syria1 ,artemis1 ,aphrodite1 ,tani?1 ,tanat1 ,rhea1 ,demet]1 ,c]es1 ,diana1 ,m9]va1 ,juno1 ,v5us1 ,isis1 ,cybele1 ,s5eb or ,seb51 ,v5us ,urania1 ,ge1 ,h]a4 ,z ,anaitis %e is ! '"m ( ! *ild2' reproduc$ aga9 z ,isis & ,horus2 ,devaki ) ,*ri/na2 & ,aurora ) ,memnon4 ,ev5 9 anci5t ,mexico ! "m & *ild 7 wor%ipp$4 ,aga9 %e appe>s z ,davk9a ,gula ,%ala1 ,zirbanit1 ,w>mita ,laz4 ,9 mod]n times %e reappe>s z ! ,virg9 ,m>y & h] son4 ,!re 7 ,i%t> ( ,n9eveh & ,i%t] ( ,arbela1 j z !re are n[ ,m>ie de ,loretto & ,m>ie de la ,g>de4 ,%e 0 ! ,que5 ( fecundity or f]tility1 ,que5 ( ! l&s1 ! beg9n+ ( heav5 & e>?1 ,que5 ( all ! ,gods1 ,goddess ( w> & battle1 ! hold] ( ! sceptre1 ! beg9n+ ( ! beg9n+1 ! "o great ,que51 ! ,que5 ( ! sph]es1 ! ,virgo ( ! ,zodiac1 ! ,cele/ial ,virg91 ,"t1 9 ^: womb all ?+s are born4 ,%e is repres5t$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & specially z a nude woman c>ry+ an infant 9 h] arms4#ac ,! "n ,multa1 ,mulita1 or ,mylitta1 ,inman cont5ds is d]iv$ f "s words resembl+ ! ,hebrew meal1 ! place ( entrance1 & ta1 a *amb]4 ,! :ole be+ a place ( entrance & a *amb]4 ,! cognom5 ,multa1 or ,malta1 signifies1 !re=e1 ! spot ?r\gh :i* life ent]s into ! *amb]1 i4e41 ! womb1 & ?r\gh :i* ! fruit matur$ )9 ent]s into ! _w z a new be+4 ,by ! association ( ?is virg9 goddess ) ! sacr$ triad ( deities is made up ! f\r great gods1 ,arba-il4 ,we are "h rem9d$ ( ! well-kn[n symbol ( ! ,tr9ity :i* seems to h be5 z abundantly us$ 9 anci5t times1 at lea/ 9 "s c\ntries--,egypt = in/ance4 ,?is is ! triangle--g5]ally ! equilat]al--:i* ( c\rse symbolis$ bo? ! tr9ity 9 unity & ! equality ( ! ?ree4 ,sometimes we get two ( ^? triangles cross+ ea* o!r1 "o ) ! po9t upw>ds1 ! o!r ) ! po9t d[nw>ds1 ?us =m+ a six-ray$ />4 ,! fir/ repres5ts ! phallic triad1 ! two toge!r %ew ! union ( ! male & female pr9ciples produc+ a new figure1 ea* at ! same "t reta9+ its own id5tity4 ,! triangle ) ! po9t d[nw>ds1 by itself typifies ! ,mons ,v5]is1 ! ,delta1 or door ?r\gh :i* all come into ! _w4 ,! "q has aris53--,h[ comes x t a doctr9e s s+ul>1 & s utt]ly at v>iance ) all ! conceptions ( un9/ruct$ reason1 z t ( a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity1 %\ld h be5 f ! beg9n+1 ! fundam5tal religi\s t5et ( e nation ^u e>?8 ,inman )\t hesitation decl>es ! tr9ity ( ! anci5ts is unque/ionably ( phallic orig94 ,o!rs h ei!r prec$$ ?is writ] or h foll[$ suit1 cont5d+ t ! male symbol ( g5]ation 9 div9e creation 0 ?ree 9 "o1 z ! cross1 c41 & t ! female symbol 0 always reg>d$ z ! ,triangle1 ! accept$ symbol ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! numb] ?ree1 0 employ$ ) my/ic solemnity1 & 9 ! emblematical h&s :i* seem to h be5 borne on ! top ( a /aff or sceptre 9 ! ,isiac processions1 ! ?umb & two =ef+]s are held up to signify ! ?ree prim>y & g5]al p]sonifications4 ,?is =m ( prie/ly bless+1 ?umb & two f+]s1 is /ill ackn[l$g$ z a sign ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,! anci5ts tell u pla9ly en\gh t !y are d]iv$ f ! cosmogonic elem5ts4 ,!y are prim>ily ! mat]ial & elem5t>y types ( ! spiritual tr9ity ( revelation--types e/abli%$ by revelation itself1 & ! only res\rce ( mat]ialism to pres]ve ! orig9al doctr9e4 ,! _s1 :e!r physical or spiritual1 is equally ! pneuma2 & ! light1 :e!r physical or spiritual1 equally ! phos ( ! ,greek text3 s t ! mat]iali/ ( antiquity _h little difficulty 9 pres]v+ _! analogies complete4 ,! ,dahomans are said by ,sk]t*ley to d5y ! corporeal exi/5ce ( ! deity1 b to ascribe human passions to him2 a s+ul> m$ley4 ,_! religion1 he says1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ,poly!ism1 = !y only wor%ip "o god1 ,mau1 b propitiate him ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ! feti*es4 ,( ^!1 !re are f\r pr9cipal ones1 aft] :om come ! second>y deities4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! is ,bo1 ! ,dahoman ,m>s2 !n comes ,legba1 ! ,dahoman ,priapus1 ^: little huts are to be met ) 9 e /reet4 ,?is deity is ( ei!r sex1 a male & female ,legba (t5 resid+ 9 ! same temple4 ,a squat swi% image1 rudely m\ld$ into ! grosse/ c>icature on ! human =m1 sitt+ ) h&s on knees1 ) gap+ m\?1 & ! special attributes develop$ to an unga9ly size4 ,tee? ( c[ries usually fill ! cl[n-l m\?1 & e>s /&+ out f ! head1 l a bat's1 are only surpass$ 9 _! mon/rosity by ! sn[%oe-%ap$ feet4 ,! nose is broad1 ev5 = a negro's1 & altoge!r ! deity is any?+ b a fasc9at+ object4 ,r\nd ! deity is a f5ce ( knobb$ /icks1 daub$ ) fil?y slime1 & be=e ! god is a flat sauc] ( r$ e>!nw>e1 :i* conta9s ! (f]+s4 ,:5 a p]son wi%es to increase 8 family1 he calls 9 a ,legba prie/ & gives him a f[l1 "s cankie1 wat]1 & palm oil4 ,a fire is light$1 & ! cankie1 wat]1 & palm oil mix$ toge!r & put 9 ! sauc]4 ,! f[l is !n kill$ by plac+ ! head betwe5 ! great & second toes ( ! prie/1 :o sev]s x f ! body by a j]k4 ,! head is !n swung ov] ! p]son ( ! wor%ipp]1 to all[ ! blood to drop ^u him1 :ile ! ble$+ body is held ov] a little di%1 :i* cat*es ! blood4 ,! f[l is !n semi-roa/$ on a fire light$ ne>1 & ! prie/1 tak+ ! di% ( blood1 sme>s ! body ( ! deity ) x1 f9ally tak+ "s ( ! blood into 8 m\? & sputt]+ x ov] ! god4 ,! f[l is !n eat5 by ! prie/1 & ! wives ( ! devotees are suppos$ to h ! *ildr5 !y crave =4 ,! pr9cipal ,dahoman gods1 describ$ by ,sk]t*ley1 are ?us m5tion$ by ,=long3-- ,legba1 ! ,dahoman ,priapus1 & special patron ( all :o desire l>g] families4 ,zoo1 ! god ( fire1 rem9d+ u ( ,zoe1 life4 ,dem51 he :o presides ov] *a/ity4 ,akwa%1 he :o presides ov] *ildbir?4 ,gbwejeh1 he or %e :o presides ov] hunt+4 ,aj>ama1 ! tutel>y god ( =eign]s1 symbolis$ by a :itewa%$ /ump "u a %$1 app>5tly a ,sivaic or :ite ,l+am1 no d\bt call$ =eign because ,a%> came f ,assyria1 & ,esir f ! /ill old] ,e?iopians4 ,hoho1 he :o presides ov] tw9s4 ,afa1 ! "n ( ! dual god ( wisdom4 ,aizan1 ! god :o presides ov] roads1 & travell]s1 & bad *>act]s1 & c be se5 on all roads z a heap ( clay surm\nt$ by a r\nd pot1 conta9+ kanki1 palm oil1 c4 ,s t we h ,legba1 ! pure & simple phallus2 ,aj>ama1 '! :it5$ /ump1' s well kn[n to u 9 ,india amid/ rude aborig9al tribes2 & ,ai-zan1 ! ,h]mes or ,h>monia1 m>k+ ! ways ( life1 & symbolis$ by a m\nd & r\nd pot & consid]+ t ?is is ! univ]sal =m ( tatoo+ %[n on e female's /oma*1--,mr4 ,sk]t*ley says1 a s]ies ( ar*es1 ! mean+ is also cle>ly ! omphi4 ,mr4 ,s4 says t ,afa1 our ,african ,&rogyn\s ,m9]va1 is v mu* respect$ by mo!rs1 & has c]ta9 days sacr$ to mo!rs1 :5 %e or he is specially consult$ on _! special subjects1 z well z on all matt]s relat+ to m>ry+1 build+ a h\se1 s[+ corn1 & su* l4#ad ,"s ye>s ago a writ]1 speak+ ( ! ,sacr$ ,triads ( v>i\s nations1 said3 ,f all qu>t]s ( ! hea!n _w came ! tr9ity1 :at we h already reveal$ %[s t ! doctr9e has be5 held 9 "s =m or o!r f ! f> ea/ to ! extreme v]ge ( ! we/]n hemisph]e4 ,"s ( ! =ms ( ?is ,triad are z foll[s3--,india--,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 ,siva3 ,egypt--,knef1 ,osiris z ! fir/2 ,p?a1 ,isis z ! second2 ,phree1 ,horus z ! ?ird3 ! ,zoroa/rians--,! ,fa!r1 ,m9d1 & ,fire3 ! ,anci5t ,arabs--,al-,lat1 ,al ,uzzah1 ,manah3 ,greeks & ,lat9s--,zeus or ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 ,pluto3 ! ,syrians--,monimus1 ,azoz1 ,aries or ,m>s3 ! ,kaldians--,! ,"o2 ! ,second1 :o dwells ) ! ,fir/2 ! ,?ird1 he :o %9es ?r\gh ! univ]se3 ,*9a--! ,"o1 ! ,second f ! ,fir/1 ! ,?ird f ! ,second3 ! ,boodhi/s--,boodha%1 ! ,develop]2 ,d>ma%1 ! ,develop$2 ,sangha%1 ! ,ho/s ,develop$3 ,p]uvians--,apomti1 ,*>unti1 ,intiquaoqui3 ,sc&9avia--,od91 ,?or1 ,friga3 ,py?agoras--,monad1 ,duad1 ,triad3 ,plato--! ,inf9ite1 ! ,f9ite1 t :i* is comp\nd$ ( ! ,two3 ,ph5icia--,belus1 ! ,sun2 ,urama1 ! ,e>?2 ,adonis1 ,love3 ,kalmuks--,t>m1 ,megozan1 ,b\r*an3 ,anci5t ,greece--,om1 or ,on2 ,dionysus1 or ,bac*us2 ,h]akles3 ,orpheus--,god1 ! ,_s1 ,kaos3 ,s\? ,am]ican ,indians--,otkon4 ,mess\1 ,atahanto4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,gold5 ,calf ( ,a>on--,0 x a ,cone or an ,animal8--,! ,pray] to ,priapus--,hymn to ,priapus--,! ,compla9t ( ,priapus4 ,9 ! ?irty-second *apt] ( ! ,book ( ,exodus we h ! foll[+ rem>kable acc\nt ( c]ta9 ,israeliti% proce$+s 9 ! "t ( ,moses & ,a>on3--,:5 ! p saw t ,moses delay$ to come d[n out ( ! m\nt1 ! p ga!r$ !mselves toge!r unto ,a>on1 & said unto him1 up1 make u gods1 :i* %all g be=e u2 = z = ?is ,moses1 ! man t br\ght u up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 we wot n :at is become ( him4 ,& ,a>on said unto !m1 break (f ! gold5 e>r+s1 :i* are 9 ! e>s ( y\r wives1 ( y\r sons1 & ( y\r daught]s1 & br+ !m unto me4 ,& all ! p brake (f ! gold5 e>r+s :i* 7 9 _! e>s1 & br\ght !m unto ,a>on2 & he receiv$ !m at _! h&1 & fa%ion$ x ) a grav+ tool1 aft] he _h made x a molt5 calf1 & !y said1 ',^! be ?y gods ,o ,israel1 :i* br\ght !e out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4' ,& :5 ,a>on saw x1 he built an alt> be=e x2 & ,a>on made proclamation1 & said1 ',to-morr[ is a fea/ to ! ,"l4' ,& !y rose up e>ly on ! morr[1 & (f]$ burnt (f]+s1 & br\ght (f]+s1 & br\ght peace (f]+s2 & ! p sat d[n to eat & to dr9k1 & rose up to play4 ,!re is no d\bt ?is is a mo/ rem>kable1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 inexplicable transaction4 ,t x 0 an act ( ! grosse/ idolatry is cle>1 b ! details ( ! affair are n s readily dispos$ (1 & "s am\nt ( discussion has 9 consequ5ce aris51 :i* has ca/ imputations ^u ! conduct ( ! anci5t ,jews n v fav\rably reg>d$ by ! mod]ns4 ,! conduct ( ,a>on is c]ta9ly />tl+1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 = :5 ! p pres5t$ _! outrage\s dem&1 c\pl$ ) _! insol5t & contemptu\s language ab\t ! man ,moses1 he makes no remon/rance1 utt]s no rebuke1 b app>5tly falls 9 at once ) _! proposal & prep>es to c>ry x out4 ,! "q is1 h[ev]1 :at 0 x t 0 really done8 ,:at 0 ! "* ( ! image or idol1 he fa%ion$ out ( ! gold5 ornam5ts :i* he reque/$ !m to take f ! e>s ( _! wives1 _! sons1 & _! daught]s8 ,! sugge/ion t any?+ ( a phallic nature is to be attribut$ to ?is transaction has be5 l\dly ridicul$ & indignantly spurn$ by "s :o h _h little acqua9tance ) t species ( wor%ip1 b x is by no means c]ta9 t ! *>ge c be s easily dispos$ (4 ,t phallic practises prevail$1 m or less1 among/ ! ,jews is c]ta91 & h[ev] ?is matt] ( ! gold5 image may be expla9$1 x w be difficult to believe !y 7 n someh[ conc]n$ 9 x4 ,x may be a new revelation to "s to be told t 9 ! op9ion ( "s s*ol>s ! idol =m set up by ^? fooli% idolators 0 n t ( a calf at all1 b ( a cone4 ,! ,hebrew ^w egel or ghegel has be5 usually tak5 to mean calf1 b1 say ^! g5tlem51 errone\sly s1 its true signification be+ altoge!r diff]5t4 ,x is plead$ t x 0 n at all likely t ! ,israelites %\ld1 s soon aft] _! miracul\s deliv]ance f ! h\se ( bondage1 h s f> =gott5 :at 0 due f !m 9 grateful remembrance ( t1 z to h plung$ into su* gross & debas$ idolatry z ! adoration ( deity "u ! =m ( an animal4 ,also t x w\ld h be5 inconsi/5t ) _! exclamation :5 !y saw ! image1 ,?is is ?y ,god1 ,o ,israel1 :i* br\ght !e up out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 & ) ,a>on's proclamation1 aft] he _h built an alt> be=e ! idol = ! p to sacrifice burnt (f]+s on1 ,to-morr[ is a fea/ to ! ,"l4 ,x is urg$ f ^! expressions t ! only reasonable & legitimate inf]5ce is1 t ! gold5 idol 0 int5d$ to be ! similitude or symbol ( ! ,et]nal ,himself1 & n ( any o!r ,god4 ,c]ta9ly x is1 z we h said1 rem>kable1 & pres5ts a problem n at all easy ( solution4 ,dr4 ,beke cont5ds t 9 any case1 x is inconceivable t ! figure ( a calf %\ld h be5 *os5 to repres5t ! invisible ,god--he concludes1 !re=e1 t ! ^w egel has be5 wrongly translat$4 ,) reg>d to ! etymology ( ! ^w1 its root agal is decl>$ to be d\btful1 ,fu]/ tak+ x to mean to run1 to ha/51 to leap1 & ,ges5ius sugge/+ t its prim>y signification 9 ! ,e?iopic1 egel d5ot+1 l golem1 some?+ roll$ or wrapp$ toge!r1 an un=m$ mass2 & h5ce embryo1 foetus1 & also ! "y1 z j born & /ill un%ap54 ,x is inf]r$ f ?is1 suppos+ x to be correct1 t ! prim>y idea ( ?is & k9dr$ roots1 is t ( r\ndness1 s t egel may readily mean any r\nd$ figure1 su* z a globe1 cyl9d]1 or cone4 ,adopt+ ?is1 says ,dr4 ,beke1--a cone1 z ! true mean+ ( ! ,hebrew ^w 9 ! text1 ! s5se ( ! transaction record$ w be1 t ,moses hav+ delay$ to come d[n f ! ,m\nt1 ! ,israelites1 fe>+ t he 0 lo/1 & look+ on ! ,et]nal z _! true deliv]] & lead]1 requir$ ,a>on to make = !m ,elohim--t is to say1 a visible similitude or symbol ( _! ,god :o _h br\ght !m up out ( ! l& ( ,mitzraim4 ,a>on accord+ly made = !m a gold5 cone1 z an image ( ! flame ( fire se5 by ,moses 9 ! burn+ bu%1 & ( ! fire 9 :i* ! ,et]nal _h desc5d$ ^u ,s9ai1 ?is be+ ! only visible =m 9 :i* ! ,almighty _h be5 manife/$4 ,( su* a repres5tation or symbol1 a s5su\s p l ! ,israelites might )\t inconsi/5cy say1 ',?is is ?y ,god1 ,o ,israel1 :i* br\ght !e up out ( ! l& ( ,mitzraim2' at ! same "t t ,a>on1 aft] hav+ built an alt> be=e x1 c\ld make proclamation & say1 ',to-morr[ is ! fea/ to ! ,et]nal1' t is to say1 to ! invisible ,god1 ^: eidolon or visible image ?is egel 04 ,x is admitt$ by ! advocates ( ?is !ory t !re are c]ta9 ?+s 9 ! ,engli% v]sion :i* appe> adv]se to x4 ,= in/ance1 x is said t all ! p broke (f ! gold5 e>r+s :i* 7 9 _! e>s1 & br\ght !m to ,a>on2 & he receiv$ !m at _! h&1 & fa%ion$ x ) a grav+ tool1 aft] he _h made x a molt5 calf1 f :i* x might be inf]r$1 x is said1 t ! idol 0 fir/ r\ghly m\ld$ & ca/ by ! f\nd]1 & !n f9i%$ by ! sculptor4 ,x is urg$ h[ev]1 t x is g5]ally admitt$ by s*ol>s t ! orig9al does n w>rant ?is r5d]+1 ! words aft] he _h1 :i* are n 9 ! text1 hav+ be5 add$ = ! purpose ( mak+ s5se ( ! passage1 :i*1 if translat$ lit]ally1 w\ld read1 ,he =m$ x ) a grav+ tool1 & made x a gold5 calf1 a /atem5t1 says ,dr4 ,beke1 :i* 9 spite ( all ! ef=ts made to expla9 x1 is inconsi/5t ) ! re/ ( ! n>rative1 :i* repeat$ly says1 9 express t]ms1 t ! idol 0 a molt5 image4 ,9 ord] to get rid ( ?is difficulty1 sev]al le>n$ comm5tators h int]pret$ ! ^w hh]e? 7grav+-tool7 z mean+ l hh>i?1 a bag1 pocket1 or purse1 caus+ ! passage to read1 ,he receiv$ !m at _! h&s1 & put x 7! gold7 into a bag1 & made x a gold5 calf4 ,dr4 ,beke ?9ks ?is unt5able on ! gr\nd t z ,a>on mu/ necess>ily h collect$ ! gold5 e>r+s toge!r be=e ca/+ !m into ! fire1 x is h>dly likely t express m5tion w\ld be made ( s trivial a circum/ance z t ( 8 putt+ !m into a bag m]ely = ! purpose ( imm$iately tak+ !m out aga94 ,! root hh>a?1 accord+ to ,ges5ius1 has ! mean+ ( to cut 91 to engrave2 & "o ( ! significations ( ! k9dr$ root ph>atz is to cut to a po9t1 to make po9t$4 ,hh>i?im1 ! plural ( hh]e?1 is said to mean purses1 bags = money1 s call$ f _! long & r\nd %ape1 p]haps l an inv]t$ cone2 :5ce x is t ,bo*>t & o!rs acquir$ _! notion t ,a>on put ! gold5 e>r+s ( ! ,israelites into a bag4#ae ,dr4 ,beke rem>ks3--,if ! ^w hh]e? signifies a bag1 on acc\nt ( its resemblance to an inv]t$ cone1 x may equally signify any o!r simil>ly-%ap$ receptacle or vessel1 su* z a conical fire-pot or crucible2 & if ! gold5 e>r+s 7 melt$ 9 su* a vessel1 ! molt5 metal1 :5 cool1 w\ld ( c\rse h acquir$ !refrom its long & r\nd =m1 l an inv]t$ cone1 :i* is precisely ! %ape ( ! egel made by ,a>on1 on ! assumption t ?is 0 int5d$ to repres5t ! flame ( fire4 ,consequ5tly1 we may n[ read ! passage 9 "q lit]ally1 & )\t ! slighte/ viol5ce ( con/ruction1 z foll[s3 ',& all ! p brake (f ! gold5 e>r+s :i* 7 9 _! e>s1 & br\ght !m unto ,a>on4 ,& he receiv$ !m at _! h&s1 & plac$ x 7! gold7 9 a crucible1 & made x a molt5 cone2' ?is cone hav+ tak5 ! long & r\nd$ =m ( ! crucible 9 :i* x 0 melt$ & left to cool4 ,an argum5t 9 fav\r ( ?is read+ is c]ta9ly suppli$ by ,exodus xxxii4 #bd1 :]e ,a>on is repres5t$ z say+ to ,moses1 :5 try+ to excuse 8 action1 ,i said unto !m1 ,:osoev] ha? any gold1 let !m break x (f4 ,s !y gave x me3 !n ,i ca/ x into ! fire1 & !re came out ?is calf or cone84 ,x is cont5d$ t ! :ole t5\r ( ! n>rative goes to %[ t ! op]ation ( mak+ ! idol = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel to wor%ip mu/ h be5 a mo/ simple1 &1 at ! same "t1 a v exp$iti\s "o1 su* z ! melt+ ( ! gold 9 a crucible w\ld be1 b :i* ! m\ld+ & ca/+ ( ! figure ( a calf1 h[ev] r\ghly modell$ & execut$1 c\ld n possibly h be54 ,?is cone or phallic !ory met ) a by no means ready reception by ,jewi% s*ol>s2 x _h n be5 broa*$ _m days be=e x 0 en]getically attack$ & its de/ruction s\ght bo? by ridicule & argum5t4 ,x has be5 admitt$1 h[ev]1 t philologically !re is some?+ 9 x1 m ev51 says ,dr4 ,b5is*1 ?an its advocate ,dr4 ,beke has made out4 ,! =m] goes s f> z to /ate t its root1 n only 9 ,hebrew1 b also 9 ,*aldee & ,arabic1 prim>ily designates r\ndness2 & second>ily1 t :i* is ! consequ5ce ( a r\nd %ape1 facility ( be+ roll$1 spe$1 & conveyance2 consequ5tly1 t x may !re=e be safely conclud$ t x w\ld be 9 ,hebrew a v suitable designation = a cone4 ,moreov]1 ! same root 9 ! same signification is also f\nd 9 "s ( ! ,aryan languages4 ,comp>e ! ,g]man 'kugel' 7ball7 & 'kegel' 7cone74 ,! *ief objection lies 9 ! fact t !re are v>i\s passages 9 ! ,scriptures :]e ! ^w occurs1 ^: contexts cle>ly %[ t ! idea int5d$ 0 t ( a liv+ creature1 & t ! unbrok5 usage ( language1 f ! au?or ( ,g5esis to t ( ,*ronicles1 %[s t ! t]m _h nev] *ang$ its signification1 viz43 t ( calf1 bullock1 or heif]4 ,9 ,levit4 ix4 #b1 #c1 #h2 #a ,sam4 xxviii4 #bf2 ,ps4 xxix4 #f2 ,isa4 xi4 #f2 ,isa4 xxvii4 #aj2 ,mic4 vi4 #f1 = in/ance1 !re c be no mi/ake t ! ref]5ce is to ! liv+ animal1 & a ref]5ce to ! ,hebrew concordance %[s t ! t]m1 inclusive ( ! fem99e 7heif]71 occurs fifty-"o times 9 ! ,bible1 9 tw5ty-n9e cases ( :i* ! ^w indisputably means a liv+ creature4 ,dr4 ,b5is* !re=e asks1 ,is x admissible t "o & ! same writ] 7= in/ance1 ! ,deut]onomi/7 %\ld h us$ f\r times ?is ^w 9 ! s5se ( heif] 7xxii4 #d & #f2 xxi4 #c71 & once 9 t ( cone 7ix4 #af7 )\t imply+ by "s adjective1 or "s turn ( language1 t ! ^w is a homonyme8 ,or t ,hosea1 9 x4 #aa1 %\ld cle>ly employ x 9 ! s5se ( heif]1 &1 9 viii4 #e1 9 t ( cone8 ,a glance at ! concordance w %[ t1 9 e "o ( ! m important books1 ! ^w 9 "q occurs mo/ cle>ly 9 ! s5se ( calf1 & nev] 9 a passage :i* %\ld r5d] a diff]5t translation inadmissible4 ,on :at gr\nd1 !re=e1 c x be ma9ta9$ t1 9 ! days ( ! au?or ( ! #ajf? ,psalm1 ! suppos$ orig9al mean+ ( cone _h be5 =gott51 & t ( calf sub/itut$8 ,! reply to ! objection t "o & ! same ^w is n likely to h be5 us$ by ! same or contemporane\s writ]s 9 two diff]5t s5ses1 & t ! ^w has a uni=m traditional int]pretation1 is t 9 ! ,hebrew1 z 9 ! ,engli%1 consid]able ambiguity occurs1 & t ! same ^w sometimes has two mean+s ( ! mo/ di/9ct & irreconcilable "*4 ,z reg>ds ! second objection1 says ,dr4 ,beke1 :i* is bas$ on ! unbrok5 *a9 ( tradition = ab\t two ?\s& ye>s1 x c only hold good on ! assumption t ! orig9ators ( ! tradition 7 infallible4 ,if n1 an error1 :e!r committ$ int5tionally or un9t5tionally 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 does n become a tru? by d9t ( repetition2 any m ?an tru? c become error by be+ z p]si/5tly reject$4 ,! ,doctor cont5ds t :5 ! ,jews became intimately connect$ ) ,egypt1 & witness$ !re ! adoration ( ! sacr$ bull ,apis1 !y fell into ! error ( reg>d+ z a gold5 calf ! egel1 or conical repres5tation ( ! flame ( fire1 :i* _! =efa!rs1 & aft] !m ! ,t5 ,tribes1 _h wor%ipp$ z ! similitude ( ! ,et]nal1 b ( :i* !y !mselves1 z ,jews1 _h lo/ ! signification4 ,if ?is 0 ! case1 x is only natural t ! error %\ld h be5 ma9ta9$ traditionally until po9t$ out4 ,s /&s ! argum5t ) reg>d to ! !ory ( its be+ a gold5 cone1 & n ! figure ( a calf t ,a>on made out ( ! p's ornam5ts1 & ! wor%ip ( :i* s naturally provok$ ! wra? ( ,moses4 ,!re is mu* to be said 9 its fav\r1 ?\gh n en\gh1 p]haps1 to make x conclusive4 ,! prop\nd] ( x express$ 8 regret t he 0 "u ! necessity ( prote/+ aga9/ ! allegation t he _h imput$ to ! ,israelites :at he calls ! obsc5e phallic wor%ip4 ,mo/ expressly1 he says1 did ,i say t ! molt5 gold5 image made by ,a>on at ,m\nt ,s9ai 0 a pla9 conical figure1 int5d$ to repres5t ! ,god :o _h deliv]$ ! p f _! bondage 9 ! l& ( ,mitzraim1 9 ! =m 9 :i* alone ,he _h be5 manife/$ to !m & to _! inspir$ lead] & legislator1 namely t ( ! flame ( fire4 ,?is is p]fectly true1 b ^? :o are intimately acqua9t$ ) ! phallic fai?s ( ! _w w f9d x difficult to disassociate ! conical =m ( idol f ^? repres5tations ( ! human physical organ :i* h be5 f\nd z objects ( adoration 9 s _m p>ts ( bo? ! ea/]n & we/]n hemisph]es4 ,suppos+ ! philological argum5t to possess any weight--& t x does has be5 admitt$ ev5 by ^? :o regret ! cone !ory1--!re are o!r circum/ances :i* c]ta9ly may be adduc$ 9 confirmation !re(4 ,= in/ance1 ! ^w *]et translat$ grav+-tool1 may mean also a m\ld4 ,aga91 x does n appe> at all likely t ! quantity ( gold suppli$ by ! e>-r+s ( ! p w\ld be suffici5t to make a solid calf ( ! size4 ,true1 x may h be5 manufactur$ ( "s o!r mat]ial & cov]$ ) gold2 b ! easi] solution ( ! difficulty c]ta9ly seems t :i* sugge/s t ,a>on took ^! ornam5ts & melt$ !m 9 a crucible ( ! ord9>y =m1 aft]w>ds turn+ out !refrom1 :5 cold1 ! gold5 cone to :i* ! p r5d]$ idolatr\s wor%ip4 ,! :ole subject is surr\nd$ ) difficulty1 & m5 ( equal le>n+ & ability h tak5 opposite sides 9 ! discussion1 support+ & refut+ 9 turn4 ,pass+ ov] ! dispute z to :e!r ,a>on simply receiv$ ! e>-r+s 9 a bag or :e!r he grav$ !m ) an engrav+ tool1--! fir/ w>mly argu$ by ,bo*>t1 & ! latt] by ,le ,cl]c--a dispute we c nev] settle ow+ to ! rem>kable ambiguity ( ! language1 we may briefly notice ! "q1 suppos+ x 0 a calf made by ,a>on1 :at induc$ & det]m9$ ! *oice ( su* a figure8 ,nor mu/ x be suppos$ t "h we are ^u undebatable gr\nd2 on ! contr>y1 ! same div]g5ce ( op9ion prevails z ) respect to ! previ\s "q4 ,fr4 ,moncaeus said t ,a>on got 8 idea on ! m\nta91 :]e he 0 once admitt$ ) ,moses2 & on ano!r occasion ) ,nadab & ,abihu1 & ! sev5ty eld]s4 ,?is writ] & o!rs tell u t ,god appe>$ exalt$ on a *]ub :i* _h ! =m ( an ox4 ,patrick says t ,a>on seems to him to h *os5 an ox to be ! symbol ( ! ,div9e pres5ce1 9 hope t p w\ld nev] be s sotti% z to wor%ip x1 b only be put 9 m9d by x ( ! ,div9e p[]1 :i* 0 h]eby repres5t$1--an ox's head be+ anci5tly an emblem ( /r5g?1 & horns a common sign ( k+ly p[]4 ,he cont5ds t ! design 0 simply to furni% a hi]oglyphic ( ! en]gy & p[] ( ,god4 ,! usual explanation is t ,a>on *ose a calf because t animal 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ,egypt4 ,t ! ,israelites 7 ta9t$ ) ,egyptian idolatry is pla9 f ,jo%ua's exhortation3--,n[ !re=e1 fe> ! ,"l1 & s]ve him 9 s9c]ity & 9 tru?2 & put away ! gods :i* y\r fa!rs s]v$ on ! o!r side ( ! flood1 & 9 ,egypt1 & s]ve ye ! ,"l 7,jo%1 xxiv41 #ad74 ,also ,ezekiel xx41 #g & #h3--,!y did n e man ca/ away ! abom9ations ( _! eyes1 nei!r did !y =sake ! idols ( ,egypt4 ,!re is no defici5cy ( evid5ce respect+ ! wor%ip ( ! ox 9 ,egypt4 ,/rabo says "o 0 kept at ,memphis1 :i* 0 reg>d$ z a div9ity4 ,pl9y repeats ! /ory & says t ! ,egyptians call$ ?is ox ,apis1 & t x _h two k9ds ( temples1 ! entrance to "o be+ mo/ pleasant1 to ! o!r frightful4 ,h]odotus says ( ?is idol3--,apis or ,epatus1 is a calf f a c[ :i* nev] produc$ b "o1 & ?is c\ld only h be5 by a clap ( ?und]4 ,! calf d5om9at$ ,apis1 has c]ta9 m>ks by :i* x may be kn[n4 ,x is all ov] black1 except+ "o squ>e m>k2 on its back is ! figure ( an eagle1 & on its tongue t ( a beetle4 ,x c]ta9ly seems tol]ably cle> t ! wor%ip ( ! calf came out ( ,egypt1 b s mu* difficulty surr\nds ! "q ( :e!r ! ,egyptian wor%ip prec$$ or foll[$ t ( ,a>on's calf1 t we are incl9$ to endorse ! op9ion ( a mod]n writ]1 & say we susp5d our judgm5t respect+ ! precise motive :i* det]m9$ ,a>on to set up a calf z ! object ( ,israeliti% wor%ip1 & conclude t _h he (f]$ any o!r object ( wor%ip1 :e!r "s o!r animal1 or any plant1 or a />1 or any o!r production ( nature1 ! le>n$ w\ld h ask$1 ,:y ?is r ?an "s o!r8 ,_m w\ld h be5 ! divisions ( op9ion on ! "q2 ea* "o w\ld h f\nd 9 antiquity1 & 9 ! nature ( ! case1 probabilities to support 8 own s5tim5t1 & p]haps h exalt$ !m into demon/rations4#af ,! m5tion ( a cone 9 connection ) ! matt] n[ "u consid]ation1 & z ! =m ( ,a>on's idol1 sugge/s o!r examples ( ! same figure :i* are said to h _h a phallic =m4 ,! ,paphian ,v5us1 = in/ance1 0 repres5t$ by a conical /one3 ( :i* ,tacitus ?us speaks3--,! /atue ( ! goddess be>s no resemblance to ! human =m4 ,x is r\nd ?r\gh\t1 broad at "o end1 & gradually tap]+ to a n>r[ span at ! o!r1 l a goat2 ! reason ( ?is is n asc]ta9$4 ,! cause is /at$ by ,philo/ratus to be symbolic4 ,laj>d 7,re*]*es sur la ,cult de ,v5us7 says3--,9 all ,cyrian co9s1 f ,augu/us to ,macr9us1 may be se5 9 ! place :]e we %\ld anticipate to f9d a /atue ( ! goddess1 ! =m ( a conical /one4 ,! same is plac$ betwe5 two cypresses "u ! portico ( ! temple ( ,a/>te1 9 a m$al ( ,aelia ,capitol9a2 b 9 ?is in/ance ! cone is cr[n$4 ,9 ano!r m$al1 /ruck by ! eld] ,philip1 ,v5us is repres5t$ betwe5 two ,g5ii1 ea* ( :om /&s ^u a cone or pill> ) a r\nd$ top4 ,!re is reason to believe t at ,paphos images ( ! conical /one 7 made & sold z l>gely z 7 effigies ( ,diana ( ! ,ephesians4 ,m$als & engrav$ /ones demon/rate t ! hi]atic prescriptions requir$ t all ^? hills :i* 7 consecrat$ to ,jupit] %\ld be repres5t$ 9 a conical =m4 ,at ,sicony1 ,jupit] 0 ador$ "u ! =m ( a pyramid4 ,,pray] ,,to ,,priapus4 ,delight ( ,bac*us1 ,gu>dian ( ! groves1 ,! k9d re/or] ( decay+ loves3 ,lesbos & v]dant ,?asos !e implore1 ,^: maids ?y p['r 9 wanton rites adore3 ,joy ( ! ,dryads1 ) propiti\s c>e1 ,att5d my wi%es1 & indulge my pray'r4 ,my guiltless h&s ) blood ,i nev] /a9'd1 ,or sacrilegi\sly ! god's prophan'd3 ,?us l[ ,i b[1 re/or+ bless+s s5d1 ,i did n !e ) my :ole self (f5d4 ,:o s9s ?r\gh weakness1 is less guilty ?\ght2 ,indulge my crime1 & sp>e a v5ial fault4 ,on me :5 fate %all smil+ gifts be/[1 ,i'll 7n ungrateful7 to y\r god-head b[2 ,a suck+ pig ,i'll (f] to ?y %r9e1 ,& sacr$ b[ls brimful ( g5]\s w9e2 ,a de/9'd goat %all on ?y alt> lie1 ,& ! horn'd p>5t ( my flock %all die2 ,!n ?rice ?y frantic vot'ries %all ar\nd ,?y temple dance1 ) smil+ g>l&s cr[n'd1 ,& mo/ dev\tly drunk1 ?y orgies s\nd4--,,petronius4 ,,hymn ,,to ,,priapus4 ,bac*us & ,nymphs delight ,o mighty ,god6 ,:om ,cyn?ia gave to rule ! bloom+ wood4 ,lesbos & v]dant ,?asos !e adore1 ,& ,lydians 9 loose fl[+ dress implore1 ,& raise devot$ temples to ?y p['r4 ,?\ ,dryad's ,joy1 & ,bac*us' ,gu>dian1 he> ,my consci\s pray] ) att5tive e>4 ,my h&s ) guiltless blood ,i nev] /a9'd1 ,nor yet ! temples ( ! gods prophan'd4 ,re/ore my /r5g?1 & lu/y vig\r s5d1 ,my trembl+ n]ves l pliant ozi]s b5d4 ,:o s9s ?r\gh weakness1 is n guilty ?\ght1 ,no equal p[] c puni% su* a fault4 ,a wanton goat %all on y\r alt>s die1 ,& spicy smoke 9 curls asc5d ! sky4 ,a pig ?y floors ) sacr$ blood %all /a91 ,& r\nd ! awful fire & holy flame1 ,?rice %all ?y prie/s1 ) y\? & g>l&s cr[n'd1 ,9 pi\s drunk5ness ?y orgies s\nd4--,,petronius4 ,a ,,translation ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,priapeia4 ,,! ,,compla9t ,,( ,,priapus ,,= ,,be+ ,,veil$4 ,! ,almighty's ,image1 ( 8 %ape afraid1 ,& hide ! noble/ "p e'er nature made1 ,:i* ,god alone succe$s 9 8 creat+ trade4 ,! ,fall ?is fig-leav'd mode/y began1 ,to puni% woman1 by obscur+ man2 ,be=e1 :]e'er 8 /ately ,c$> mov$ ,%e saw1 ador'd & kiss'd ! ?+ %e lov$4 ,:y d ! gods _! sev]al signs disclose1 ,almighty ,jove 8 ,?und]-bolt expose1 ,neptune 8 ,trid5t1 ,m>s 8 ,buckl] %ew1 ,pallas h] spe> to ea* behold]'s view1 ,& poor ,priapus be alone conf9'd ,t'obscure ! wom5's god1 & p>5t ( mank9d8 ,s9ce free-born brutes _! lib]ty obta91 ,long ha/ ?\ j\rney-work$ = s\ls 9 va91 ,/orm ! ,pan!on1 & dem& ?y "r1 ,= on ?is weapon 'tis dep5ds ! fight4--,,petronius4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,circumcision1 male & female1 9 v>i\s c\ntries & ages4 ,circumcision is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t religi\s rites ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 &1 z practis$ 9 "s c\ntries1 !re seems reason to suppose t x 0 ( a phallic "*4 ,x c sc>cely be d\bt$1 says "o writ]1 t x 0 a sacrifice to ! awful p[] ^u :om ! fruit ( ! womb dep5d$1 & hav+ once fix$ itself 9 ! m9ds ( ! p1 nei!r prie/ nor prophet c\ld eradicate x4 ,all t ^! c\ld d 0 to spiritualise x into a symbol ( devotion to a high religi\s ideal4 ,bonwick says3 ,?\gh associat$ ) sun wor%ip by "s1 circumcision may be accept$ z a rite ( sex wor%ip4 ,ptolemy's ,tetrabiblos1 speak+ ( ! neighb\r+ nations z f> z ,india1 says3 ,_m ( !m practise div9ation1 & devote _! g5itals to _! div9ities4 ,x is n possible1 p]haps1 to speak ) any degree ( c]ta9ty ab\t ! orig9 ( ?is rite2 ! enquiry c>ries ! /ud5t s f> back 9 hi/ory1 t ! m9d gets lo/ 9 ! mi/s ( ! pa/4 ,x is reg>d$ by "s z a cu/om ess5tially ,jewi%1 b ?is is altoge!r wrong2 x 0 ext5sively practis$ 9 ,egypt1 also by ! tribes inhabit+ ! m s\!rn p>ts ( ,africa2 9 ,asia1 ! ,afghans & ! ,tamils _h x1 & x has be5 f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,am]ica1 & among/ ! ,fijians & ,au/ralians4 ,x has be5 argu$1 & ) consid]able plausibility1 t x exi/$ long be=e writ+ 0 kn[n1 & f ! fact ( its hav+ be5 employ$ by ! ,new ,holl&]s1 its great antiquity may be inf]r$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,x has be5 notic$ by hi/orians t sometimes a nation w pl$ge itself to a corporal (f]+ ( su* a k9d1 t e memb] %all con/antly be> ab\t its m>k on himself1 & s make 8 p]sonal appe>ance or condition a p]petual witness = ! special religion ^: v[s he has und]tak54 ,?us sev]al ,arabian tribes liv+ n f> f ! ,holy ,l&1 adopt$ ! cu/om1 z a sign ( _! special religion 7or1 z ,h]odotus says1 aft] ! example ( _! ,god71 ( %av+ ! hair ( _! heads 9 an extraord9>y fa%ion1 viz41 ei!r on ! cr[n ( ! head or t[>ds ! temples1 or else ( disfigur+ a portion ( ! be>d4 ,o!rs br&$ or tattoo$ ! symbol ( a p>ticul> god on ! sk91 on ! =ehead1 ! arm1 ! h&4 ,israel1 too1 adopt$ f e>ly times a cu/om :i* atta9$ ! highe/ sanctity 9 its mid/1 :]e no je/1 h[ev] trifl+1 c\ld be utt]$ on ! subject1 b :i* 0 ess5tially ( a simil> nature to ^? we h j m5tion$4 ,?is 0 circumcision4#ag ,x 0 ?is special "* :i* no d\bt gave rise to ! idea s common among/ ! un9=m$ t x 0 a ,jewi% rite4 ,h]odotus & ,philo ,judaeus h relat$ t x prevail$ to a great ext5t among ! ,egyptians & ,e?iopians4 ,! =m] hi/orian says x 0 s anci5t among ea* p t !re 0 no det]m9+ :i* ( !m borr[$ x f ! o!r4 ,among ! ,egyptians he says x 0 in/itut$ f ! beg9n+4 ,%uck=d says t by ?is he c\ld n mean f ! fir/ rise or orig9al ( t nation1 b t x 0 s e>ly among !m t ! hea!n writ]s _h no acc\nt ( its orig94 ,:5 any?+ appe>$ to !m to be ?us anci5t1 !y pron\nc$ x to be f ! beg9n+4 ,h]odotus cle>ly meant ?is1 because we f9d him que/ion+ :e!r ! ,egyptians le>nt circumcision f ! ,e?iopians1 or ! ,e?iopians f ! ,egyptians1 & he leaves ! "q undecid$1 m]ely conclud+ t x 0 a v anci5t rite4 ,if by ! expression f ! beg9n+1 he _h meant t x 0 orig9at$ by ! ,egyptians1 !re w\ld n h be5 ?is indecision3 & x is kn[n t among hea!n writ]s to say a ?+ 0 f ! beg9n+1 0 equival5t to ! o!r say+ t x 0 v anci5tly practis$4 ,h]odotus1 9 ano!r place1 relates t ! inhabitants ( ,col*is also us$ circumcision1 & concludes !refrom t !y 7 orig9ally ,egyptians4 ,he adds t ! ,pho5icians & ,syrians1 :o liv$ 9 ,pale/9e1 7 likewise circumcis$1 b t !y borr[$ ! practice f ! ,egyptians2 & fur!r1 t little be=e ! "t :5 he wrote1 circumcision _h pass$ f ,col*is to ! p inhabit+ ! c\ntries ne> ,t]modon & ,p>!nius4 ,diodorus ,siculus ?\ght ! ,col*ians & ! ,jews to be d]iv$ f ! ,egyptians1 because !y us$ circumcision4 ,9 ano!r place1 speak+ ( o!r nations1 he says t !y 7 circumcis$1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,egyptians4 ,sir ,j4 ,m>%am is ( op9ion t ! ,hebrews borr[$ circumcision f ! ,egyptians1 & t ,god 0 n ! fir/ au?or !re(2 cit+ ,diodorus & ,h]odotus z evid5ces on 8 side4 ,circumcision1 ?\gh x is n s mu* z once m5tion$ 9 ! ,koran1 is yet held by ! ,mahom$ans to be an anci5t div9e in/itution1 confirm$ by ! religion ( ,islam1 & ?\gh n s absolutely necess>y b t x may be disp5s$ ) 9 "s cases1 yet highly prop] & exp$i5t4 ,! ,arabs us$ ?is rite = _m ages be=e ,mahomet1 hav+ probably le>n$ x f ,ismael1 ?\gh n only 8 desc5dants1 b ! ,hamy>ites & o!r tribes practis$ ! same4 ,! ,ismaelites we are told1 us$ to circumcise _! *ildr51 n on ! eigh? day1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ,jews1 b :5 ab\t twelve or ?irte5 ye>s old1 at :i* age _! fa!r und]w5t t op]ation2 & ! ,mahom$ans imitate !m s f> z n to circumcise *ildr5 be=e !y are able at lea/ di/9ctly to pron\nce t pr(ession ( _! fai?1 !re is no ,god1 b ,god1 ,mahomet is ! apo/le ( ,god2 b !y fix on :at age !y please = ! purpose betwe5 six & sixte54 ,! ,moslem doctors are g5]ally ( op9ion t ?is precept 0 giv5 orig9ally to ,abraham1 yet "s h said t ,adam 0 taught x by ! angel ,gabriel1 to satisfy an oa? he _h made to cut (f t fle%1 :i*1 aft] 8 fall1 _h rebell$ aga9/ 8 _s2 :5ce an argum5t has be5 drawn = ! univ]sal obligation ( circumcision4 ,! ,mahom$ans h a tradition t _! prophet decl>$ circumcision to be a necess>y rite = m51 & = wom5 hon\rable4 ,?is tradition makes ! prophet decl>e x to be ,sonna1 :i* ,pocock r5d]s a necess>y rite1 ?\gh ,sonna1 accord+ to ! explanation ( ,rel&1 does n compreh5d ?+s absolutely necess>y1 b su* z1 ?\gh ! obs]vance ( !m be m]itori\s1 ! neglect is n liable to puni%m5t4 ,9 ,egypt circumcision has nev] be5 peculi> to ! m51 b ! wom5 also h _h to und]go a practice ( a simil> nature4 ,?is has be5 call$ by ,bruce & ,/rabo excision4 ,all ! ,egyptians1 ! ,arabians1 & natives to ! s\? ( ,africa1 ! ,abyss9ians1 ! ,gallas1 ! ,ag\es1 ! ,gasats1 & ,gonzas1 made _! *ildr5 und]go ?is op]ation--at no fix$ "t1 b always be=e !y 7 m>riageable4 ,belon says ! practice prevail$ among ! ,copts2 & ,p4 ,jovius & ,mun/] say ! same ( ! subjects ( ,pre/] ,john4 ,sonn9i says x 0 well kn[n t ! ,egyptian wom5 7 accu/om$ to ! practice1 b p 7 n agre$ z to ! motives :i* induc$ !m to submit to ! op]ation4 ,mo/ ( ^? :o h writt5 on ! subject ( female circumcision h consid]$ x z ! retr5*m5t ( a portion ( ! nymphae1 :i* are said to gr[1 9 ! c\ntries :]e ! practice obta9s1 to an extraord9>y size4 ,o!rs h imag9$ t x 0 no?+ less ?an ! amputation ( ! clitoris1 ! elongation ( :i* is said to be a disgu/+ de=mity1 & to be att5d$ ) o!r inconv5i5ces :i* r5d]$ ! op]ation necess>y4 ,be=e he _h an opportunity ( asc]ta9+ ! nature ( ! circumcision ( ! ,egyptian wom51 ,sonn9i also suppos$ x consi/$ ( ! amputation ( ! excresc5ce ( ! nymphae or clitoris1 accord+ to circum/ances1 & accord+ z ! p>ts 7 m or less elongat$4 ,he says x is v probable t ^! op]ations h be5 p]=m$1 n only 9 ,egypt1 b 9 sev]al o!r c\ntries 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e ! heat ( ! climate & o!r causes may produce too luxuriant a gr[? ( ^? p>ts1 & ?is1 he adds1 he _h ! m reason to ?9k1 s9ce1 on consult+ sev]al ,turks :o _h settl$ at ,rosetta1 respect+ ! circumcision ( _! wives1 he c\ld obta9 f !m no o!r idea b t ( ^! pa9ful mutilations4 ,!y likewise expla9$ to him ! motives4 ,curi\s admir]s z !y 7 ( smoo? & poli%$ surfaces1 e inequality1 e protub]ance1 0 9 _! eyes a disgu/+ fault4 ,!y ass]t$ too t "o ( ^! op]ations abat$ ! ard\r ( ! con/itutions ( _! wives1 & dim9i%$ _! facility ( procur+ illicit enjoym5ts4 ,niebuhr relates t ,=skal & ano!r ( 8 fell[-travell]s1 hav+ express$ to a great man at ,cairo1 at ^: c\ntry seat !y 71 ! great desire !y _h to exam9e a girl :o _h be5 circumcis$1 _! oblig+ ho/ imm$iately ord]$ a c\ntry girl eighte5 ye>s ( age to be s5t =1 & all[$ !m to exam9e h] at _! ease4 ,_! pa9t] made a draw+ ( ! p>ts aft] ! life1 9 pres5ce ( sev]al ,turki% dome/ics2 b he drew ) a trembl+ h&1 z !y 7 appreh5sive ( ! consequ5ces x might br+ ^u !m f ! ,mahometans4 ,a plate f ?is draw+ 0 giv5 by ,pr(essor ,blum5ba*1 9 8 "w ,de ,g5]is humani ,v>ietate nativa1 f :i* x is evid5t t ! travell] saw no?+ b ! amputation ( ! nymphae & clitoris1 ! enl>gem5t ( :i* is s mu* dislik$ by husb&s 9 ^! c\ntries4 ,sonn9i suspect$ t !re mu/ be some?+ m 9 x ?an an excess ( ^! p>ts1 an inconv5i5ce1 :i*1 be+ f> f g5]al among ! wom51 c\ld n h giv5 rise to an anci5t & univ]sal practice4 ,det]m9+ to remove 8 d\bts on ! subject1 he took ! resolution1 :i* e "o to :om ! inhabitants ( ,egypt are kn[n1 he says1 w deem suffici5tly bold1 n to procure a draw+ ( a circumcis$ female1 b to h ! op]ation p]=m$ "u 8 own eyes4 ,mr4 ,=netti1 ^: complaisance & intellig5ce 7 s frequ5tly ( s]vice to him1 readily und]took to assi/ him 9 ! bus9ess2 & a ,turk1 :o act$ z brok] to ! ,fr5* m]*ants1 br\ght to him at ,rosetta a woman1 ^: trade x 0 to p]=m ! op]ation1 ) two "y girls1 "o ( :om 0 go+ to be circumcis$1 ! o!r hav+ be5 op]at$ on two ye>s be=e4 ,9 ! fir/ place he exam9$ ! little girl t 0 to be circumcis$4 ,%e 0 ab\t eight ye>s old1 & ( ! ,egyptian race4 ,he 0 mu* surpris$ at obs]v+ a ?ick1 flabby1 fle%y excresc5ce1 cov]$ ) sk91 tak+ its rise f ! labia1 & hang+ d[n x half-an-in*4 ,! woman :o 0 to p]=m ! op]ation sat d[n on ! floor1 made ! little girl seat h]self be=e h]1 & )\t any prep>ation1 cut (f ! excresc5ce j describ$ ) an old razor4 ,! girl did n give any signs ( feel+ mu* pa94 ,a few a%es tak5 up betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb 7 ! only topical application employ$1 ?\gh a consid]able quantity ( blood 0 dis*>g$ f ! w\nd4 ,! ,egyptian girls are g5]ally fre$ f ?is inconv5i5t sup]fluity at ! age ( sev5 or eight4 ,! wom5 :o are 9 ! habit ( p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 :i* is att5d$ ) little difficulty1 come f ,said4 ,!y travel ?r\gh ! t[ns & villages1 cry+ 9 ! /reets1 ,:o wants a good circumcis]8 ,a sup]/iti\s tradition has m>k$ ! comm5cem5t ( ! rise ( ! ,nile z ! p]iod at :i* x ought to be p]=m$2 & accord+ly1 besides ! o!r difficulties he _h to surm\nt1 ,sonn9i _h t ( f9d+ p>5ts :o w\ld cons5t to ! circumcision ( _! daught] at a season s di/ant f t :i* is consid]$ z ! mo/ fav\rable1 ?is be+ done 9 ! w9t]2 money1 h[ev]1 ov]came ?is ob/acle z x did ! re/4 ,f ,dalzel's ,hi/ory we le>n t 9 ,dahome a simil> cu/om prevails ) reg>d to ! wom5 z t 9 ,egypt4 ,a c]ta9 op]ation is p]=m$ ^u ! woman1 :i* is ?us describ$ 9 a foot-note3--,prolongatio1 videlicit1 artificialis labiorum pud5di1 capellae mamillis simillima4 ,! "p 9 "q1 locally call$ ,tu1 mu/1 f ! e>lie/ ye>s1 be manipulat$ by pr(essional old wom51 z is ! bosom among ! embryo pro/itutes ( ,*9a4 ,if ?is be neglect$1 h] lady fri5ds w d]ide & d5igrate ! "m1 decl>+ t %e has neglect$ h] *ild's education2 & ! juniors w laugh at ! daught] z a c[>d :o w\ld n prep>e h]self = m>riage4#ah ,circumcision 0 a f$]al rite1 annex$ by ,god z a seal to ! cov5ant :i* he made ) ,abraham & 8 po/]ity1 & 0 accord+ly r5ew$ & tak5 into ! body ( ! ,mosaical con/itutions4 ,x 0 n a m]e m>k1 only to di/+ui% ! ,hebrews z ! se$ ( ,abraham f o!r nations2 b by ?is !y 7 made ! *ildr5 ( ! cov5ant1 & entitl$ to ! bless+s ( x2 ?\gh if !re _h be5 no m 9 x ?an ?is1 t !y :o 7 ( ! same fai? %\ld h a c]ta9 "* :]eby !y %\ld be kn[n1 x w\ld h be5 a wise appo9tm5t4 ,! m>k seems to be fitly *os5 = ! purpose2 because x 0 a sign t no man w\ld h made ^u himself & ^u 8 *ildr51 unless x 7 = ! sake ( fai? & religion4 ,x 0 n a br& ^u ! arm1 or an incision 9 ! ?igh1 b a difficult op]ation 9 a mo/ t5d] "p1 peculi>ly call$ fle% 9 _m places ( scripture4 ,t memb] :i* is ! in/rum5t ( g5]ation 0 made *oice (1 t !y might be an holy se$1 consecrat$ unto ,god f ! beg9n+2 & circumcision 0 prop]ly a tok5 ( ! div9e cov5ant made ) ,abraham & 8 po/]ity t ,god w\ld multiply _! se$1 & make !m z ! />s ( heav54#ai ,ludolf1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,e?iopa1 aft] comp>+ ! circumcision ( ! ,jews ) t ( ! ,abyss9ians1 says3 ,?is puts u 9 m9d ( ! circumcision ( females1 ( :i* ,gregory 0 some:at a%am$ to disc\rse1 & we %\ld h m will+ly omitt$ x _h n ,tzagazabus1 9 8 rude ,confession ( ,fai?1 spok5 ( x z a mo/ rem>kable cu/om introduc$ by ! comm& ( ,que5 ,magn$a2 or _h n ,paulus ,jovius himself1 ,bi%op ( ,como1 insi/$ 9 ! same mann] ^u ?is unseemly cu/om4 ,?is same c]emony 0 n only us$ by ! ,habis5es1 b 0 also famili> among o!r p ( ,africa1 ! ,egyptians1 & ! ,arabians !mselves4 ,= !y cut away f ! female infants some?+ :i* !y ?9k to be an indec5cy & sup]fluity ( nature4 ,jovius calls x ,c>unniculam1 or a little piece ( fle%2 ,golius1 an oblong excresc5ce4 ,! ,arabians1 by a p>ticul> ^w1 call$ x ,b$hron1 or ,b$h>a1 besides :i* !y h _m o!r words to ! same purpose4 ,among _! wom5 x is z great a piece ( reproa* to revile a woman by say+ to h]1 ,o ,b&>on3 t is1 ,o ,uncircumcis$1 z to call a man ,arel1 or ,uncircumcis$1 among ! ,jews4 ,! ,jewi% wom5 9 ,g]many1 be+ acqua9t$ by _! read+ ) ?is cu/om1 laugh at x1 z admir+ :at x %\ld be t %\ld require su* an amputation4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,&rogyn\s ,deities--,!ories respect+ ! ,dual ,sex ( ! ,deity--,sacr$ness ( ! ,phallus--,sex ,wor%ip--,! ,ea/]n ,desire = ,*ildr5--,sacr$ ,pro/itution--,h9du ,law ( ,adoption & ,inh]itance--,h9du ,ne$ ( ,(fspr+1 & especially ( a ,son--,obsequies ( ! ,dep>t$4 ,! phallic idea allud$ to aga9 & aga9 9 ! prec$+ pages z ent]+ into ! hea!n conception ( a tr9ity1 ! practice ( circumcision1 & ! use ( ! cross z a symbol1 bran*es out 9 a great v>iety ( directions2 at "s ( ^! we mu/ ca/ a brief glance 9 ord] t we may =m a correct e/imate ( ! subject4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to ! &rogyn\s nature ascrib$ to ! ,deity by diff]5t nations1 & "h at once is op5$ up ! :ole subject ( sex wor%ip4 ,x is impossible to say h[ f> back we %\ld h to retrace our foot/eps 9 seek+ = m5's fir/ ideas ^u ?is matt]2 _m ages1 x is c]ta94 ,=long1 speak+ ( a remote age & our =efa!rs1 says3 ,!y began to see 9 life & all nature a ,god1 a ,=ce1 a ,_s2 or1 ,i %\ld r say1 "s nameless ?+ :i* no language ( ^? e>ly days1 if inde$ ( pres5t1 c describe4 ,!y gave to ! outw>d creative organs ^? devotional ?\ghts1 "t1 & praise :i* belong$ to ! ,creator2 !y figur$ ! liv+ _s 9 ! cold bodily =ms ( /one & tree1 & s wor%ipp$ x4 ,z we read 9 e>ly ,jewi% writ+s1 _! tribes1 l all o!r e>ly races1 b[$ be=e ,a%> & ,a%e'ra1 z o!rs _h long be=e t p]iod wor%ipp$ ,belus & ,uranus1 ,orus & ,isis1 ,mahadeva1 ,siva1 ,sakti1 & ,p>vati4 ,jupit] & ,yuno1 or ,juno1 or r ! fir/ ideas ( ^!1 mu/ h aris5 9 days long subsequ5t to ?is4 ,all su* /eps 9 civilisation are v sl[ inde$1 & "h !y _h to p5etrate ! he>ts ( millions :o c\ld nei!r read nor write1 nor yet foll[ ! read] or ! prea*]2 s c5turies w\ld fleet pa/ ov] su* rude infantile populations1 act+ no m on ! in]t pulpy mass ?an ye>s1 or ev5 mon?s1 n[ d2 & if ?is 7 s aft] !y began to realise ! ideas ( a ,bel & ,ouranos1 h[ mu* sl[] be=e t f>-back /age 0 won4 ,_! fir/ symbolisation seems cle>ly to h be5 ! simple l9e1 pill>1 or a /roke1 z _! male god2 & a cup or circle z _! female2 & lo6 ! dual & my/ic #aj :i* e>ly became a tr9ity1 & has /ood be=e ! _w f t unkn[n "t to ?is4 ,9 ?is my/ic male & female we h ! fir/ great &rogyn\s god4 ,allud+ to ?is subject1 an anonym\s writ]1 believ$ to be a ,roman ,ca?olic prie/1 "s sixte5 ye>s ago1 said3--,! primitive doctr9e t ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 male & female1 & consequ5tly t ! div9e nature compris$ ! two sexes )9 itself1 fulfils all ! conditions requisite to con/itute a ca?olic !ological dogma1 inasmu* z x may truly be affirm$ ( x1 t x has be5 held 'semp]1 ubique1 et ab omnibus1' be+ univ]sal z ! ph5om5on to :i* x owes its exi/5ce4 ,h[ ess5tial to ! consi/5cy ( ! ,ca?olic sy/em is ?is doctr9e ( duality y may judge by ! %ortcom+s ( ! !ologies :i* reject x4 ,unit>ianism blund]s alike 9 reg>d to ! ,tr9ity & ! ,duality4 ,affect+ to see 9 ,god a ,fa!r1 x d5ies him ! possibility ( hav+ ei!r sp\se or (fspr+4 ,m rational ?an su* a cre$ z ?is 0 ! primitive wor%ip ( sex1 z repres5t$ by ! male & female pr9ciples 9 nature4 ,9 no gross s5se 0 ! symbolism ( su* a sy/em conceiv$1 gross z its practice may h become1 & z x w\ld appe> to ! notions ( mod]n conv5tionalism4 ,= no religion is f\nd$ ^u int5tional depravity4 ,se>*+ back = ! orig9 ( life1 m5 /opp$ at ! e>lie/ po9t to :i* !y c\ld trace x1 & exalt$ ! reproductive organs into symbols ( ! ,creator4 ,! practice 0 at lea/ calculat$ to procure respect = a side ( nature liable "u an exclusively spiritual regime to be relegat$ to undue contempt4 ,x appe>s c]ta9 t ! names ( ! ,hebrew deity be> ! s5se ,i h indicat$2 ,el1 ! root ( ,elhoim1 ! "n "u :i* ,god 0 kn[n to ! ,israelites prior to _! entry into ,canaan1 signify+ ! mascul9e sex only2 :ile ,jahveh1 or ,jehovah1 d5otes bo? sexes 9 comb9ation4 ,! religi\s rites practis$ by ,abraham & ,jacob prove inconte/ably _! adh]5ce to ?is1 ev5 !n1 anci5t mode ( symbolis+ deity2 & ?\gh aft] ! entry into ,canaan1 ! lead]s & re=m]s ( ! ,israelites /rove to keep ! p f ex*ang+ ! wor%ip ( _! own div9ity = t ( ! exclusively fem99e pr9ciple wor%ipp$ by ! ,canaanites ) unbridl$ lic5ce "u ! "n ( ,a%]a1 yet ! indig5\s religion became closely incorporat$ ) ! ,jewi%2 & ev5 ,moses himself fell back ^u x :51 yield+ to a press+ em]g5cy1 he gave 8 sanction to ! prevail+ ,tree & ,s]p5t wor%ip by 8 elevation ( a braz5 s]p5t ^u a pole or cross4 ,= all portions ( ?is /ructure con/itute ! mo/ univ]sally accept$ symbols ( sex 9 ! _w4 ,x is to ,india t we mu/ g = ! e>lie/ traces ( ^! ?+s4 ,! ,jews orig9at$ no?+1 ?\gh !y 7 skilful appropriators & adapt]s ( o!r m5's effects4 ,brahma1 ! fir/ p]son 9 ! ,h9doo ,triad1 0 ! orig9al self-exi/5t be+1 inappreciable by s5se1 :o comm5c$ ! "w ( creation by creat+ ! wat]s ) a ?\ght1 z describ$ 9 ! ,in/itutes ( ,manu4 ,! wat]s1 reg>d$ z ! s\rce ( all subsequ5t life1 became id5tifi$ ) ! fem99e pr9ciple 9 nature--:5ce ! orig9 ( ! my/ic rite ( baptism--& ! atmosph]e 0 ! div9e brea? or _s4 ,! description 9 ,g5esis ( ! ,_s ( ,god mov+ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 indicates ! influ5ce ^u ! ,jews ( ! ,h9doo !ogony to :i* !y _h access ?r\gh ,p]sia4 ,! tw(old "n ( ,jehovah also f9ds a correspond5ce 9 ! ,arddha-,n>i1 or inc>nation ( ,brahma1 :o is repres5t$ 9 sculptures z conta9+ 9 himself ! male & female organisms4 ,& ! wor%ip ( ! implem5ts ( fecundity cont9ues popul> 9 ,india to ?is day4 ,! same idea und]lies mu* ( ! wor%ip ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 f9d+ expression 9 ! symbols devot$ to ,apollo or ! sun1 & 9 _! &rogyn\s sculptures4 ,aryan1 ,sc&9avian1 & ,semitic religions 7 alike p]vad$ by x1 ! male pr9ciple be+ repres5t$ by ! sun1 & ! female by ! moon1 :i* 0 v>i\sly p]sonifi$ by ! virg9s1 ,a%tore? or ,a/>te1 ,diana1 & o!rs1 ea* ( :om1 except 9 ! ,sc&9avian my?ology1 :]e ! sexes are rev]s$1 _h ! moon = h] special symbol4 ,simil>ly1 ! allegory ( ,ed5 f9ds "o ( its keys 9 ! ph5om5a ( sex1 z is demon/rat$ by ! anci5t ,syrian sculptures ( ,a%]a1 or ! ,grove2 & '! tree ( life 9 ! mid/ ( ! g>d5' =ms ! po9t ( dep>ture = beliefs :i* h la/$ ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & :i* h ei!r spread f "o s\rce ov]1 or be5 indep5d5tly orig9at$ 91 e "p ( ! habitable globe4#bj ,x is evid5t t ?is wor%ip is ( ! mo/ extremely anci5t "* & t x 0 bas$ orig9ally ^u ideas t _h no?+ gross & debas+ 9 !m4 ,x is true t x at v>i\s times assum$ indelicate =ms & 0 associat$ ) mu* t 0 ( ! mo/ degrad+ "*1 b ! fir/ idea 0 only to use = religi\s purposes t :i* seem$ ! mo/ apt emblem ( creation & reg5]ation4 ,is x /range1 asks a lady writ]1 t !y reg>d$ ) rev]5ce ! great my/]y ( human bir?8 ,7 !y impure ?us to reg>d x8 ,or1 are we impure t we d n s reg>d x8 ,let u n smile at _! mode ( trac+ ! inf9ite & incompreh5sible cause ?r\gh\t all ! my/]ies ( nature1 le/ by s do+ we ca/ ! %ad[ ( our own grossness on _! patri>*al simplicity4 ,x became ) ?is v mu* z x does ) all symbolism1 m or less1 t is to say f ! wor%ip ( t :i* 0 symbolis$1 x deg5]at$ to ! wor%ip ( ! emblem itself4 ,b ! anci5t ,egyptians ex]t$ !mselves consid]ably to re/ra9 )9 c]ta9 b\nds ( propriety ! natural t5d5cy ( ?is wor%ip & we f9d !m all[+ x to embrace only ! mascul9e side ( humanity1 aft]w>ds1 z 0 p]haps only to be expect$1 ! fem99e 0 introduc$4 ,!n1 z p>ticul>ly exhibit$ 9 ! case ( ,india1 x gradually became no?+ m or less ?an a vehicle = satisfy+ ! lic5ti\s desires ( ! mo/ degrad+ ( bo? sexes4 ,x is wond]ful1 h[ev]1 ! extraord9>y hold ^! ideas atta9$ ^u ! human m9d1 :e!r !y ent]$ into ! religi\s conceptions ( ! p1 or p&]$ to vici\s desires "u ! m]e cloak ( religion4 ,! ,tetrabiblos ( ,ptolemy 7f\r books relative to ,/>ry ,influ5ces71 speak+ ( ! c\ntries ,india1 ,ariana1 ,g$rosia1 ,p>?ia1 ,m$ia1 ,p]sia1 ,babylon1 ,mesopotamia1 & ,assyria1 says3--,_m ( !m practise div9ation1 & devote _! g5itals to _! div9ities because ! famili>ity ( ^! planets r5d]s !m v libid9\s4 ,nor mu/ we =get ! peculi> sacr$ness ) :i* 9 ! e>ly ,jewi% ,*ur* ^! organs 7 always reg>d$1--t is1 ! male organs4 ,injury ( !m disqualifi$ ! un=tunate victim f m9i/]+ 9 ! congregation ( ! ,"l1 & ! sev]e/ puni%m5t 0 met$ out to ! crim9al :o %\ld be guilty ( caus+ su* injury4 ,?us 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 *ap4 xxv41 #aa1 #ab1 we read3--,:5 m5 /rive toge!r "o ) ano!r1 & ! wife ( ! "o drawe? ne> = to deliv] h] husb& out ( ! h& ( him t smite? him1 & putte? =? h] h&1 & take? him by ! secrets3 !n ?\ %alt cut (f h] h&1 ?9e eye %all n pity h]4 ,& ?is 0 n to be an act ( rev5ge on ! "p ( ! injur$ man1 b 0 to be ! legal p5alty duly en=c$ by ! civil magi/rate4 ,x is v extraord9>y1 = x appe>s t su* an injury inflict$ ^u an enemy--& evid5tly x meant ! disablem5t ( ! man f ! act ( sexual int]c\rse--0 reg>d$ z ev5 m s]i\s ?an ! actual tak+ ( life 9 self-def5ce4 ,! degradation atta*$ to ! man ?us mutilat$ 0 great] ?an c\ld o!rwise be visit$ ^u him--all respect = him vani%$ & he 0 h5ce=w>d reg>d$ z an abom9ation4 ,su* mutilation has always be5 common 9 hea!n nations--simil>ly reg>d$ z among/ ! ,hebrews1 b us$ z ! greate/ m>k ( indignity possible to inflict ^u an enemy--"s ( ! ,egyptian bas-reliefs repres5t ! ,k+ 7,rameses ,,ii47 return+ 9 triumph ) captives1 _m ( :om are und]go+ ! op]ation ( ca/ration1 :ile 9 ! corn]s ( ! sc5e are heap$ up piles ( ! g5ital organs :i* h be5 cut (f by ! victors4 ,"s ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 p>ticul>ly ! ,apa*es ( ,cali=nia & ,arizona1 h be5 not$ = _! frequ5t use ( ! same b>b>\s practice on ! prison]s tak5 9 w> & ^u ! bodies ( ! sla94 ,we get a simil> in/ance 9 ,israeliti% hi/ory z record$ 9 ! fir/ book ( ,samuel1 :]e ,saul be+ afraid ( ,david1 s\ght a fav\rable opportunity to get him sla9 by ! ,phili/9es4 ,!re is ! /ory ( ! love ( ,mi*al1 ,saul's daught]1 = ,david1 & ! use ,saul endeav\r$ to make ( t fact 9 c>ry+ out 8 evil designs4 ,! news t ,mi*al _h ?us fall5 9 love1 pleas$ ,saul1 & he said1 ,i w give him h]1 t %e may be a sn>e to him & t ! h& ( ! ,phili/9es may be aga9/ him4 ,s ,david 0 told t ! ,k+ w\ld make him 8 son-9-law4 ,b x 0 cu/om>y 9 ^? times = ! bridegroom to give a d[ry in/ead ( z at o!r times & 9 o!r places1 to receive "o1 & ,david imm$iately rais$ ! objection t ?is 0 out ( 8 p[] z he 0 b a poor man4 ,?is 0 ,saul's opportunity & 8 message 01 ! ,k+ desire? n any d[ry1 b an hundr$ =esk9s ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,b ,saul ?\ght to make ,david fall by ! h& ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,( c\rse ?is involv$ ! slaught] ( a hundr$ ( ! enemy1 & ,saul made sure 9 attempt+ su* a task1 ,david w\ld fall be=e odds s t]ribly aga9/ him4 ,9 comm&+ ! =esk9s to be br\ght to him ,saul made sure t !y w\ld be ,phili/9es :o 7 sla91 !y be+ almo/ ! only uncircumcis$ p ab\t him4 ,?is proposal1 h[ev]1 x seems1 did n al>m ,david 9 ! lea/1 he w5t =? at once on 8 t]rible mission & actually br\ght back ?rice ! numb] ( =esk9s requir$ ( him by ! ,k+4 ,?is is n ! only case on record ( su* a mutilation2 m5tion is made by ,gill ! comm5tator ( an ,asiatic writ] :o speaks ( a p t cut (f ! g5ital p>ts ( m51 & gave !m to _! wives = a d[ry4 ,s sacr$ 0 ! organ 9 "q deem$ 9 anci5t times1 especially 9 ,israel1 t x 0 us$ z ! means ( adm9i/]+ ! mo/ b9d+ =m ( oa? !n kn[n4 ,x is describ$ z putt+ ! h& ^u ! ?igh1 & in/ances are f\nd 9 ,g5esis xxiv41 #b1 & xlvii41 #bi4 ,9 ! =m] ( ^! passages ,abraham requires 8 eld] s]vant to put 8 h& "u 8 ?igh & take an oa? respect+ ! wife he w\ld seek = 8 son ,isaac4 ,9 ! second passage1 x is ,jacob requir+ 8 son ,joseph to p]=m a simil> action2 9 ea* case :at is meant is t ! g5ital organ1 ! symbol ( ! ,creator & ! object ( wor%ip among all anci5t nations 0 to be t\*$ 9 ! act ( mak+ ! promise4 ,b1 z we h po9t$ out1 !re is ano!r side to ?is matt]1 ! wor%ip ( ! male organ 0 only "o "p2 ! female organs ( g5]ation 7 rev]$ z symbols ( ! g5]ative p[] ( ,god4 ,!y are usually repres5t$ emblematically by ! %ell1 or ,con*a ,v5]is1 :i* 0 !re=e worn by dev\t p]sons ( antiquity1 z x /ill cont9ues to be by pilgrims & _m ( ! common wom5 ( ,italy4 ,! union ( bo? 0 express$ by ! h&1 m5tion$ 9 ,sir ,william ,hamilton's lett]1 :i*1 be+ a less explicit symbol1 has escap$ ! att5tion ( ! re=m]s1 & is /ill worn z well z ! %ell by wom5 ( ,italy1 ?\gh )\t be+ und]/ood4 ,x repres5t$ ! act ( g5]ation1 :i* 0 consid]$ z a solemn sacram5t 9 hon\r ( ! ,creator4 ,"s ( ! =ms us$ to repres5t ! sacti or female pr9ciple1 are v peculi> yet famili> to _m :o may n und]/& !m4 ,inde$1 z ,inman says1 ! mod]ns1 :o h n be5 initiat$ 9 ! sacr$ my/]ies1 & only "k ! emblems consid]$ sacr$1 h ne$ ( bo? anatomical k & physiological lore ere !y c see ! mean+ ( _m a sign4 ,z already /at$1 ! triangle ) its apex upp]mo/ repres5ts ! phallic triad2 ) its base upp]mo/1 ! ,mons ,v5]is1 ! ,delta1 or ! door by :i* all come into ! _w4 ,dr4 ,inman says3--,z a s*ol>1 ,i _h le>n$ t ! ,greek lett] ,delta 7symbol7 is expressive ( ! female organ bo? 9 %ape & idea4 ,! selection ( "n & symbol 0 judici\s1 = ! ^w ,dale? & ,delta signify ! door ( a h\se & ! outlet ( a riv]1 :ile ! figure rev]s$ 7symbol7 repres5ts ! fr+e ) :i* ! human ,delta is ov]%ad[$--?is ,delta is simply ano!r ^w = ! "p kn[n z ,con*a1 a %ell4 ,?is ,con*a or ,%ank is "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! ,ea/]n symbols1 & is f\nd repeat$ aga9 & aga9 9 almo/ ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! ,h9du ,pan!on4 ,plate vi4 ( ,moor's elaborately illu/rat$ "w on ! ,indian deities repres5ts x z se5 9 ! h&s ( ,vi%nu & 8 consort4 ,! god is repres5t$ l all ! sol> deities ) f\r h&s1 & /&+ 9 an ar*$ doorway4 ,! head-dress is ( s]p5ts2 9 "o ( ! "r h&s is ! diamond =m ! symbol ( ! ,creator2 9 "o ( ! left h&s is ! l>ge ,con*a & 9 ! o!r "r h&1 ! great orb ( ! day2 ! %ell is w+$ & has a phallic top4 ,?is %ell is said to h be5 ! fir/ prie/ly bell1 & x is ev5 n[ ! ,h9doo *ur*-bell1 9 addition to gongs & trumpets4 ,x comes specially into use :5 ! prie/ p]=ms 8 c]emonies be=e ! ,l+am2 x is bl[n :5 he is ab\t to ano9t ! emblem1 l a bell is us$ 9 "s ,*ri/ian *ur*es 9 ! mid/ ( c]emonies ( p>ticul> importance & solemnity4 ,! female pr9ciple1 or sacr$ ,sacti1 is also repres5t$ by a figure l t call$ a si/rum1 a ,hebrew musical in/rum5t1 sometimes translat$ cornet4 ,inman cont5ds 9 spite ( mu* opposition f 8 fri5ds t ?is repres5ts ! "m :o is /ill virgo intacta4 ,he po9ts out t 9 "s ?+s x embodies a some:at diff]5t idea to ! ,yoni1 ! b>s across x be+ b5t s t !y _c be tak5 out1 ?is %[+ t ! door is clos$4 ,! secret ( ?is peculi> wor%ip seems to lie 9 ! fact1 ev] s prom95t 9 all t has to d ) ! social & religi\s life ( ! ,ea/]n1 ( an int5se desire = (fspr+4 ,9 h>mony ) ?is is ! frequ5t promise 9 ! ,scriptures ( an abundance ( *ildr5 & ! decl>ation ( happ9ess ( ! man s bless$4 ,"o in/ance may be not$ z record$ 9 ,g5esis xiii41 #af1 ! promise to ,abram3 ,i w make ?y se$ z ! du/ ( ! e>?3 s t if a man c numb] ! du/ ( ! e>?1 !n %all ?y se$ also be numb]$4 ,none ! less f]v5t--p]haps ev5 m s--is ! desire ( ! ,indian to possess & leave beh9d him a prog5y :o %all n only succe$ to 8 worldly acquisitions1 b by religi\s ex]cises help =w>d 8 happ9ess 9 ! region ( ! dep>t$4 ,x is said t 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 a con/ant topic ( conv]sation among/ ! m5 is _! physical p[] to propagate _! race1 & t ^u ?is matt] physicians are m frequ5tly consult$ ?an ^u any o!r4 ,n only does ! man ?9k ?us1 b ! female has h] ?\ghts direct$ to ! same *annel1 & !re has be5 a special bell inv5t$ by ,h9doo prie/s = *ildless females4 ,"s k9dr$ belief seems to be held or sugge/$ by ! practices ( ! ,mormon community1 9 :i* l>ge numb]s ( wom5 are unit$ 9 m>riage to "o man4 ,9 ,g5esis xxx41 ,ra*el see+ t %e bore no *ildr5 is describ$ z envy+ h] si/]1 & say+ to ,jacob1 ,give me *ildr51 or else ,i die4 ,aga9 #a ,samuel i41 #aj1 #aa3 ,& %e 7,hannah7 0 9 bitt]ness ( s\l1 & pray$ unto ! ,"l1 & wept sore4 ,& %e v[$ a v[1 & said1 ',o ,"l ( ho/s1 if ?\ wilt inde$ look on ! affliction ( ?9e h&maid1 & rememb] me1 & n =get ?9e h&maid1 b w give unto ?9e h&maid a man *ild1 !n ,i w give him unto ! ,"l1 c4' ,& s on2 in/ances c\ld be multipli$ l>gely1 b x is unnecess>y4 ,) _m ( ! ea/]n wom5 x 0 a matt] ( ! highe/ consequ5ce t !y h *ildr51 z fail+ to d s x 0 /rictly )9 ! legal rights ( ! husb& at once to put away 8 wife by a summ>y divorce1 or at any rate to take a concub9e into 8 home 9 ord] t he might n g *ildless2 ! woman :o prov$ hopelessly b>r5 became an object ( contempt or commis]ation to all ab\t h]1 & h] life a sc5e ( prolong$ %ame & mis]y4 ,& s1 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! _w1 arose sex wor%ip1 ! idea be+ t by ! wor%ip ( ! organs ( g5]ation ! mis=tune ( b>r5ness might be avoid$4 ,! prie/s 7 n sl[ to avail !mselves ( a ready means ( add+ to _! reputation & influ5ce & increas+ _! rev5ues1 & wom51 :o = "s cause or ano!r _h hi!rto be5 )\t (fspr+1 7 enc\rag$ to visit ! temples & make _! prop] (f]+s1 & g ?r\gh ! prescrib$ c]emonies = cur+ _! /]ility4 ,z will+ z ! wom5 7 = all ?is1 7 ! m51 & ?\gh sometimes ! defect lay 9 !mselves physically1 x is said t ! arrangem5ts at ! temples 7 su* z almo/ inv>iably succe$$ 9 mak+ ! wives mo!rs4 ,if abundance ( (fspr+ 0 promis$ z a bless+1 says ,dr4 ,inman1 x is cle> to ! physiologi/ t ! pl$ge implies abundance ( vig\r 9 ! man z well z 9 ! woman4 ,) a husb& incompet5t1 no wife c\ld be fruitful4 ,! condition1 !re=e1 ( ! necess>y organs 0 intimately associat$ ) ! div9e bless+ or curse1 & ! impot5t man !n w\ld z naturally g to ! prie/ to be cur$ ( 8 infirmity z we ( to-day g to ! physician4 ,we h evid5ce t masses h be5 said1 sa9ts invok$1 & (f]+s pres5t$1 = cur+ ! debility we ref] to1 9 a *ur* 9 ,*ri/ianis$ ,italy dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 & 9 ,france s late z ! sixte5? c5tury1--evid5t relics ( m anci5t times4 ,:5ev] a vot>y appli$ to ! oracle = help to enable him to p]=m 8 duties z a prospective fa!r1 or to remove t frigidity :i* he _h be5 taught to believe 0 a pro( ( ,div9e displeasure1 or an evid5ce ( 8 be+ bewit*$ by a malignant demon1 x is natural to believe t ! prie/ w\ld act p>tly z a man ( s5se1 ?\gh *iefly z a m9i/] ( ,god4 ,he w\ld g ?r\gh1 or enjo9 att5dance on c]ta9 religi\s c]emonies--w\ld sell a *>m$ image1 or use "s holy oil1 inv5t$ & bless$ by a god or sa9t1 z 0 done at ,is]nia--or he w\ld d some?+ else4 ,intimately connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! male & female p[]s ( g5]ation is ! sacr$ pro/itution :i* 0 practis$ s g5]ally by "s ( ! anci5t nations1 & ( :i* we h details 9 ! classics4 ,! in=mation giv5 by ,h]odotus respect+ ! wom5 ( ,babylonia reads /range inde$ to ^? :o are acqua9t$ only ) mod]n codes ( morals1 & to :om ! special & ess5tial features ( phallic fai?s are unkn[n4 ,?is au?or describes x z a %ameful cu/om1 b he in=ms u ( x z an indisputable fact1 t e woman born 9 ! c\ntry 0 compell$ at lea/ once 9 h] life to g & sit 9 ! prec9ct ( ,v5us1 & !re consort ) a /rang]4 ,ri* & poor alike _h to con=m to ?is rule--! ugly & ! beautiful1 ! attractive & ! repulsive4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! cu/om 0 t once hav+ ent]$ ! sacr$ enclosure1 ! woman 0 n all[$ to return home until %e _h paid ! debt :i* ! law prescrib$ z due f h] to ! /ate2 ! result ( ?is 0 t ^? :o 7 ! happy possessors ( p]sonal *>ms seldom 7 deta9$ v long1 :ile ! pla9-featur$ & unattractive ones 7 sometimes sev]al ye>s be=e !y c\ld obta9 _! release4 ,we are told t ! weal?i] wom51 too pr\d to associate ) ! l[] class1 ?\gh oblig$ to und]go ! same ordeal1 w\ld drive to ! appo9t$ place 9 cov]$ c>riages ) a consid]able ret9ue ( s]vants1 !re mak+ z mu* display z possible ( _! rank & weal? 9 ord] to ov]awe ! common] class ( m51 & drive !m to females ( humbl] rank2 !y sat 9 _! c>riages :ile cr[ds ( poor] p sat )9 ! holy enclosure ) wrea?s ( /r+ ab\t _! heads4 ,! sc5e 0 at once /range & animat$2 numb]s ( bo? sexes 7 com+ & go+2 & l9es ( cords m>k$ out pa?s 9 all directions 9 :i* ! wom5 sat1 & along :i* ! /rang]s pass$ 9 ord] to make _! *oice4 ,pati5tly or impati5tly1 z ! case may be1 ! female wait$ till "s visitor1 tak+ a fancy to h]1 fix$ ^u h] z 8 *os5 sacrifice by ?r[+ a piece ( silv] into h] lap & say+1 ,! goddess ,mylitta prosp] !e4 7,mylitta be+ ! ,assyrian "n = ,v5us74 ,! co9 ne$ n be ( any p>ticul> size or value1 b x is obligatory ^u h] to receive x1 because :5 once ?r[n x is sacr$4 ,nor c\ld ! woman ex]cise any *oice z to :om %e c\ld g )1 ! fir/ :o ?rew ! co9 _h a legal title to h]1 & ! law compell$ h] submission4 ,b hav+ once obey$ ! law1 %e 0 free = ! re/ ( h] life1 & no?+ 9 ! %ape ( a bribe1 h[ev] ext5sive1 w\ld p]suade h] to grant fur!r fav\rs to any "o4 ,!re is an allusion to ?is cu/om 9 ! book ( ,b>u* 7vi41 #dc71 :]e x is said3--,! wom5 also ) cords ab\t !m1 sitt+ 9 ! ways1 burn bran = p]fume2 b if any ( !m1 drawn by "s t passe? by1 lie ) him1 %e reproa*es h] fell[ t %e 0 n ?\ght wor?y z h]self1 nor h] cords brok54 ,/rabo 9 8 sixte5? book te/ifies to ! same effect1 & he says t ! cu/om dat$ f ! f\ndation ( ! city ( ,babylon4 ,! same writ] /ates also t bo? ,m$es & ,arm5ians adopt$ all ! sacr$ rites ( ! ,p]sians1 b t ! ,arm5ians paid p>ticul> rev]5ce to ,anaitis1 & built temples to h] hon\r 9 sev]al places1 especially 9 ,acilis5e4 ,!y d$icat$ !re to h] s]vice male & female slaves1 & 9 ?is1 ,/rabo says1 !re 0 no?+ rem>kable1 b t x 0 surpris+ t p]sons ( ! highe/ rank 9 ! nation consecrat$ _! virg9 daught]s to ! goddess4 ,x 0 cu/om>y = ^! wom51 aft] be+ pro/itut$ a long "t at ! temple ( ,anaitis1 to be dispos$ ( 9 m>riage1 no "o disda9+ a connection ) su* a p]son4 ,he m5tions :at ,h]odotus says ab\t ! ,lydian wom51 all ( :om1 he adds1 pro/itut$ !mselves4 ,b !y treat$ _! p>am\rs ) mu* k9dness1 ent]ta9+ !m hospitably & frequ5tly1 mak+ a return ( m pres5ts ?an !y receiv$1 be+ amply suppli$ ) means d]iv$ f _! weal?y connexions4 ,! ,lydians inde$ appe> to h devot$ !mselves ) ! mo/ %ameless effront]y1 = !y n only att5d$ ! sacr$ fetes occasionally = ! purpose1 b practis$ pro/itution = _! own b5efit4 ,a spl5did monum5t to ,alyattes1 ! fa!r ( ,croesus1 built by ! m]*ants1 ! artizans1 & ! c\rtesans1 0 *iefly paid = by ! contributions ( ! latt]1 :i* f> exce$$ ^? ( ! o!rs put toge!r4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ by "s writ]s t sacr$ pro/itution 0 n practis$ 9 ,egypt1 b s mu* is kn[n ( ! "* ( c]ta9 acts ( wor%ip 9 t c\ntry t ! /atem5t is reg>d$ z ( little wor?4 ,! wor%ip ( ,osiris & ,isis1 :i* 0 v mu* l t ( ,v5us & ,adonis1 0 att5d$ ) excesses t indicate a v ab&on$ /ate ( ?+s4 ,x is kn[n t :5 ! pilgrims 7 on _! way to ! fetes ( ,isis at ,buba/is1 ! females indulg$ 9 ! mo/ indec5t dances z ! vessels pass$ ! riv]side villages1 & hi/orians decl>e t ^? obsc5ities 7 only su* z 7 ab\t to happ5 at ! temple1 :i* 0 visit$ ea* ye> by sev5 hundr$ ?\s& pilgrims1 :o gave !mselves up to incr$ible excesses4 ,x _c be %ewn t ! motive lead+ to :at is call$ sacr$ pro/itution 0 ! same 9 all c\ntries2 9 ,india1 = example1 x appe>s to h _h v mu* to d ) ! desire = *ildr5 :i* we h describ$ z common ) ! ea/]ns2 s common 0 x t ! "o object ( woman's life 0 m>riage & a family4 ,?is1 & ! m rapid developm5t ( ! female 9 t "p ( ! _w ?an 9 o!rs1 & ! impression t dy+ *ildless %e w\ld fail to fulfil h] mission lies at ! basis ( ! e>ly betro?als & m>riages :i* appe> s repulsive & absurd to ,european ideas4 ,!re is a fur!r desire1 h[ev]1 ?an t ( simply hav+ *ildr51 especially 9 ,india2 ! desire is = male *ildr51 & :]e ^! fail1 x is common = a man to adopt a son1 & 9 ?is 8 motive is a religi\s "o4 ,accord+ to preval5t sup]/ition1 x is held t ! future beatitude ( ! ,h9du dep5ds ^u ! p]=mance ( 8 obsequies1 & paym5t ( 8 debts1 by a son1 z a means ( r$eem+ him f an in/ant /ate ( suff]+ aft] dea?4 ,! dread is ( a place call$ ,put1 a place ( horror1 to :i* ! manes ( ! *ildless are suppos$ to be doom$2 !re to be torm5t$ ) hung] & ?ir/1 = want ( ^? oblations ( food1 & libations ( wat]1 at prescrib$ p]iods1 :i* x is ! pi\s & indisp5sable duty ( a son to (f]4 ,! ,laws ( ,manu 7,*4 ix41 #ach71 /ate3--,a son deliv]s 8 fa!r f ! hell call$ ,put1 he 0 !re=e call$ puttra 7a deliv]] f ,put7 by ! ,self-exi/5t 7,svayambhu7 himself4 ,! sage ,m&agola is repres5t$ z desir+ admission to a region ( bliss1 b repuls$ by ! gu>ds :o wat* ! abode ( prog5itors1 because he _h no male issue4 ,! ,laws ( ,manu illu/rate ?is by ! special m5tion ( heav5 be+ atta9$ )\t x z ( some?+ extraord9>y4 ,*4 v41 #aei1 ,_m ?\s&s ( ,brahmanas1 :o 7 *a/e f _! y\?1 h gone to heav5 )\t cont9u+ _! race4 ,sir ,?omas ,/range1 _m ye>s ago ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ,madras1 wrote v fully conc]n+ ! ,h9du law ( inh]itance & adoption1 & we le>n f ?is great au?ority t m>riage fail+ 9 ?is1 its mo/ important object 7t is to say secur+ male issue71 9 ord] t obsequies 9 p>ticul> might n g unp]=m$1 & cele/ial bliss be !reby =feit$1 z well = ance/ors z = ! deceas$1 dy+ )\t leav+ legitimate issue begott51 ! old law 0 provid5t to excess1 :5ce ! diff]5t sorts ( sons enum]at$ by diff]5t au?orities1 all resolv+ !mselves1 ) ,manu1 into twelve1 t is ! legally begott51 & !re=e n to be sep>ately acc\nt$3--all =m]ly1 9 _! turn & ord]1 capable ( succession1 = ! d\ble purpose ( obsequies1 & ( inh]itance4 ,fail+ a son1 a ,h9du's obsequies may be p]=m$ by 8 wid[2 or 9 default ( h]1 by a :ole bro!r or o!r heirs2 b accord+ to ! conception belong+ to ! subject1 n ) ! same b5efit z by a son4 ,t a son1 !re=e1 ( "s description is1 ) him1 9 a spiritual s5se1 next to indisp5sable is abundantly c]ta94 ,z = obta9+ "o 9 a natural way1 !re is an express c]emony t takes place at ! expiration ( ! ?ird mon? ( pregnancy1 m>k+ di/9ctly ! importance ( a son born1 s is ! adopt+ ( "o z anxi\sly inculcat$ :]e pray]s & c]emonies = ! desir$ issue h fail$ 9 _! effect4 ,! extreme importance to ! ,h9du ( hav+ male (fspr+1 & ! desire to get su* *ildr5 z ! result ( m>riage r ?an by adoption--a practice all[$ & inculcat$ z a la/ resort1 has l$ to t ext5sive preval5ce ( ,l+am wor%ip :i* is su* a conspicu\s feature 9 ,india4 ,9 ne>ly e "p ( t va/ empire are to be se5 reproductions ( ! emblem 9 an inf9ite v>iety ( =m1 & s totally free f ! mo/ remotely indec5t "* are !y1 t /rang]s are z a rule totally ignorant ( _! mean+4 ,we h ev5 kn[n1 )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 specim5s ( ! small] emblems be+ put up = sale 9 ?is c\ntry1 ( ^: mean+ ! auctione] pr(esses himself = ! mo/ "p ignorant1 volunte]+ no o!r /atem5t ?an t !y 7 *>ms 9 "s way connect$ ) ,h9du cu/oms & wor%ip4 ,x is--be+ a repres5tation ( ! male organ--repres5t$1 ( c\rse1 9 a conical =m1 & is ( e size1 f half-an-in* to sev5ty feet1 & ( all mat]ials1 su* z /one1 wood1 clay1 metal1 c4 ,l+as are se5 ( enorm\s size2 9 ! caves ( ,elephanta = in/ance1 m>k+ unequivocally t ! symbol 9 "q is at any rate z anci5t z ! temple1 z !y are ( ! same rock z ! temple itself2 bo?1 z well z ! floor1 ro(1 pill>s1 pila/res1 & its num]\s sculptur$ figures1 hav+ be5 once "o undi/+ui%$ mass ( granite1 :i* excavat$1 *isell$1 & poli%$1 produc$ ! cav]n & =ms t are /ill contemplat$ ) s mu* surprise & admiration4 ,! magnitude ( ! cones1 too1 fur!r preclude ! idea ( subsequ5t introduction1 & toge!r ) gigantic /atues ( ,siva & 8 consort1 m frequ5t & m colossal ?an ^? ( any o!r deity1 necess>ily coeval ) ! excavation1 indicate 8 p>am\nt adoration & ! antiquity ( 8 sect4 ,l+as are se5 also ( dim9utive size = dome/ic adoration1 or = p]sonal use2 "s individuals always c>ry+ "o ab\t ) !m1 & 9 "s ,brahman families1 "o is daily con/ruct$ 9 clay1 plac$ aft] due sanctification by appropriate c]emonies & pray]s1 9 ! dome/ic %r9e1 or "u a tree or %rub sacr$ to ,siva1 ! ,bilva m especially1 & hon\r$ by ! adoration ( ! females ( ! h\sehold4 ,x is r s+ul> t :ile _m ,h9dus wor%ip ! deity ( male & female 9 "o1 !re are di/9ct sects :i* wor%ip ei!r ! ,l+am or ! ,yoni2 ! fir/ be+ app>5tly ! same z ! phallic emblem ( ! ,greeks1 ! membrum virile3 & ! latt] pud5dum muliebre4 ,! int]e/+ c]emony connect$ ) ! obsequies :i* we h j said c be ! mo/ effectually p]=m$ by a male *ild1 & :i* gives rise to ! int5se long+ bo? on ! "p ( husb& & wife = su* (fspr+1 is call$ ,sradha1 & is ( daily recurr5ce ) individuals :o rigidly adh]e to ! ritual4 ,x is (f]$ 9 hon\r ( deceas$ ance/ors1 b n m]ely 9 hon\r ( !m1 b = _! com=t2 z ! ,manes1 z well z ! gods connect$ ) !m1 enjoy1 l ! gods ( ! ,greeks1 ! inc5se ( su* (f]+s1 :i* are also ( an expiatory nature1 simil>1 x is said1 to ! masses ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,ov] ^! c]emonies ( ,sradhi presides ,yama1 9 8 "* ( ,sradhadeva1 or "l ( ! obsequies4 ,x is n )9 our prov9ce to give a detail$ acc\nt ( ^! c]emonies1 b ow+ to _! connection ) ! subject g5]ally ( our book1 a brief outl9e w no d\bt prove int]e/+4 ,a dy+ man1 :5 no hopes ( 8 surviv+ rema91 %\ld be laid ^u a b$ ( cusa grass1 ei!r 9 ! h\se or out ( x1 if he be a ,sudra1 b 9 ! op5 air1 if he belong to ano!r tribe4 ,:5 he is at ! po9t ( dea?1 donations ( cattle1 l&1 gold1 silv]1 or o!r ?+s1 accord+ to 8 ability1 %\ld be made by him2 or if he be too weak1 by ano!r p]son 9 8 "n4 ,8 head %\ld be spr9kl$ ) wat] drawn f ! ,ganges1 & sme>$ ) clay br\ght f ! same riv]4 ,a ,salagrama /one ought to be plac$ ne> ! dy+ man2 holy /ra9s f ! ,v$a or f ! sacr$ poems %\ld be repeat$ al\d 9 8 e>s2 & leaves ( holy basil mu/ be scatt]$ ov] 8 head4 ,pass+ ov] ! c]emonial m especially connect$ ) ! burn+ ( ! corpse z n p>ticul>ly relative to our subject1 we proce$4 ,aft] ! body has be5 burnt1 all :o h t\*$ or foll[$ ! corpse1 mu/ walk r\nd ! pile keep+ _! left h&s t[>ds x1 & tak+ c>e n to look at ! fire4 ,!y !n walk 9 procession1 accord+ to s5iority1 to a riv] or o!r runn+ wat]1 & aft] wa%+1 & aga9 putt+ on _! app>el1 !y advance into ! /ream4 ,!y !n ask ! deceas$'s bro!r-9-law1 or "s o!r p]son able to give ! prop] answ]1 ,%all we pres5t wat]8 ,if ! deceas$ 7 a hundr$ ye>s old1 ! answ] mu/ be simply1 d s3 b if he 7 n s ag$1 ! reply is d s1 b d n repeat ! oblation4 ,^u ?is !y all %ift ! sac]dotal /r+ to ! "r %\ld]1 & look+ t[>ds ! s\?1 & be+ clad 9 a s+le g>m5t )\t a mantle1 !y /ir ! wat] ) ! r+ f+] ( ! left h&1 say+1 wat]s1 purify u4 ,) ! same f+] ( ! "r h&1 !y ?r[ up "s wat] t[>ds ! s\?1 & aft] plung+ once "u ! surface ( ! riv]1 !y rub !mselves ) _! h&s4 ,an oblation ( wat] mu/ be next pres5t$ f ! jo9t$ palms ( ! h&s1 nam+ ! deceas$ & ! family f :i* he sprung1 & sav+ may ?is oblation rea* !e4 ,aft] f9i%+ ! usual libations ( wat] to satisfy ! manes ( ! deceas$1 !y quit ! riv] & %ift _! wet clo!s = o!r app>el2 !y !n sip wat] )\t swall[+ x1 & sitt+ d[n on s(t turf1 alleviate _! sorr[ by ! recital ( su* moral s5t5ces z ! foll[+1 refra9+ at ! same "t f te>s & lam5tation3-- #a4 ,fooli% is he1 :o seeks p]man5ce 9 ! human /ate1 unsolid l ! /em ( a planta9 tree1 transi5t l ! foam ( ! sea4 #b4 ,:5 a body1 =m$ ( f9e elem5ts to receive ! rew>ds ( de$s done 9 its own =m] p]son1 rev]ts to its f9e orig9al pr9ciples2 :at room is !re = regret4 #c4 ,! e>? is p]i%able2 ! ocean1 ! ,gods !mselves pass away3 h[ %\ld n t bubble1 mortal man1 meet de/ruction4 #d4 ,all t is l[1 mu/ f9ally p]i%2 all t is elevat$1 mu/ ultimately fall2 all comp\nd bodies mu/ end 9 dissolution2 & life is conclud$ ) dea?4 #e4 ,unwill+ly d ! manes ( ! deceas$ ta/e ! te>s & rheum %$ by _! k9sm53 !n d n wait1 b dilig5tly p]=m ! obsequies ( ! dead4 ,all ! k9sm5 ( ! deceas$1 )9 ! six? degree ( consangu9ity1 %\ld fa/ = ?ree days & nights2 or "o at ! lea/4 ,h[ev] if t be impracticable1 !y may eat a s+le meal at night1 pur*as+ ! food ready prep>$1 b on no acc\nt prep>+ ! victuals at home4 ,s long z ! m\rn+ la/s1 ! ne>e/ relations ( ! deceas$ mu/ n exce$ ! daily meal1 nor eat fle%-meat1 nor any food season$ ) fictiti\s salt2 !y mu/ use a plate made ( leaves ( any tree b ! planta91 or else take _! food f ! h&s ( "s o!r p]sons2 !y mu/ n h&le a knife or any o!r implem5t made ( iron2 nor sleep ^u a b$/ead2 nor adorn _! p]sons2 b rema9 squalid1 & refra9 f p]fumes & o!r gratifications3 !y mu/ likewise omit ! daily c]emonies ( ablution & div9e wor%ip4 ,on ! ?ird & fif? days1 z also on ! sev5? & n9?1 ! k9sm5 assemble1 ba! 9 ! op5 air1 (f] tila & wat] to ! deceas$1 & take a repa/ toge!r3 !y place lamps at cross roads1 & 9 _! own h\ses1 & likewise on ! way to ! cemet]y2 & !y obs]ve vigils 9 hon\r ( ! deceas$4 ,on ! la/ day ( m\rn+1 or e>li] 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! obsequies are exp$it$ on ! second or ?ird day1 ! ne>e/ k9sman ( ! deceas$ ga!rs 8 a%es aft] (f]+ a sradha s+ly = him4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! k9sman sme>s ) c[-dung ! spots :]e ! oblation is to be pres5t$2 & aft] wa%+ 8 h&s & feet1 sipp+ wat] & tak+ up cusa grass 9 8 h&1 he sits d[n on a cu%ion po9t$ t[>ds ! s\?1 & plac$ ^u a blade ( cusa grass1 ! tip ( :i* mu/ also po9t t[>ds ! s\?4 ,he !n places ne> him a bundle ( cusa grass1 consecrat$ by pron\nc+ ! ^w namah6 or else prep>es a fire = oblations4 ,!n light+ a lamp ) cl>ifi$ butt] or ) oil ( sesamum1 & arrang+ ! food & o!r ?+s int5d$ to be (f]$1 he mu/ spr9kle himself ) wat]1 m$itat+ on ,vi%nu1 surnam$ ! lotos-ey$1 or revolv+ 9 8 m9d ?is v]se1 ,:e!r pure or defil$1 or :]ev] he may h gone1 he1 :o re-ent]s ! be+ ^: eyes are l ! lotos1 %all be pure ext]nally & int]nally4 ,%ift+ ! sac]dotal cord on 8 "r %\ld]1 he takes up a bru% ( cusa grass & pres5ts wat] toge!r ) tila & ) blossoms1 nam+ ! deceas$ & ! family f :i* he sprung1 & say+ may ?is wat] = ablutions be acceptable to !e4 ,!n say+ may ?is be "r1 he pron\nces a v[ or solemn decl>ation4 ,?is day ,i w (f] on a bundle ( cusa grass 7or1 if su* be ! cu/om1 'on fire'7 a sradha = a s+le p]son1 ) unboil$ food1 toge!r ) cl>ifi$ butt] & ) wat]1 prep>atory to ! ga!r+ ( ! bones ( su* a "o deceas$4 ,! prie/s answ]+ d s1 he says namo6 namah6 :ile ! prie/s m$itate ! gayatri & ?rice repeat1 ,salutation to ! ,gods2 to ! manes ( ance/ors1 & to mighty sa9ts2 to ,swaha goddess ( fire3 to ,swadha ! food ( ! manes3 salutation unto !m = ev] & ev]4 ,he !n pres5ts a cu%ion made ( cusa grass1 nam+ ! deceas$ & say+ may ?is be acceptable to !e2 & aft]w>ds di/ributes meal ( sesamum1 :ile ! prie/s recite ,may ! demons & fi]ce giants t sit on ?is consecrat$ spot1 be disp]s$2 & ! blood?ir/y savages t inhabit ! e>?2 may !y g to any o!r place1 to :i* _! incl9ations may lead !m4 ,plac+ an oval vessel ) its n>r[e/ end t[>ds ! s\?1 he takes up two blades ( grass2 & break+ (f a span's l5g?1 ?r[s !m into ! vessel2 & aft] spr9kl+ !m ) wat]1 makes a libation :ile ! prie/s say1 ,may div9e wat]s be auspici\s to u = accumulation1 = ga91 & = refre%+ draughts2 may !y li/5 to u1 & grant t we may be associat$ ) good auspices4 ,he !n ?r[s tila :ile ! prie/s say1 ,?\ art tila1 sacr$ to ,soma2 fram$ by ! div9ity1 ?\ do/ produce cele/ial bliss = him1 t makes oblations2 mix$ ) wat] may ?\ long satisfy our ance/ors ) ! food ( ! manes1 be ?is oblation efficaci\s4 ,he aft]w>ds sil5tly ca/s into ! vessel1 p]fumes1 fl[]s1 & durva grass4 ,!n tak+ up ! vessel ) 8 left h&1 putt+ two blades ( grass on ! cu%ion1 ) _! tips po9t$ to ! nor?1 he mu/ p\r ! wat] f ! argha !reon4 ,! prie/s meantime recite3--,! wat]s 9 heav51 9 ! atmosph]e1 & on ! e>?1 h be5 unit$ by _! sweetness ) milk2 may ^? silv] wat]s1 wor?y ( oblation1 be auspici\s1 salut>y1 & exhil>at+ to u2 & be happily (f]$3 may ?is oblation be efficaci\s4 ,he adds namah1 & p\rs out ! wat]1 nam+ ! deceas$ & say+1 may ?is argha be acceptable unto !e4 ,!n ov]sett+ ! vessel1 & arrang+ 9 due ord] ! unboil$ rice condim5ts1 cl>ifi$ butt]1 & ! requisites1 he scatt]s tila1 :ile ! prie/s recite ,?rice did ,vi%nu /ep1 c4 ,he next (f]s ! rice1 cl>ifi$ butt]1 wat] & condim5ts1 :ile he t\*es ! vessel ) 8 left h&1 & names ! deceas$1 say+1 may ?is raw food1 ) cl>ifi$ butt] & condim5ts1 toge!r ) wat]1 be acceptable unto !e4 ,aft] ! prie/s h repeat$ ! gayatri prec$$ by ! names ( ! worlds1 he p\rs honey or sug> ^u ! rice1 :ile !y recite ?is pray]1 may ! w9ds bl[ sweet1 ! riv]s fl[ sweet1 & salut>y h]bs be sweet1 unto u2 may night be sweet1 may ! morn+s pass sweetly2 may ! soil ( ! e>?1 & heav5 p>5t ( all productions1 be sweet unto u2 may ,soma k+ ( h]bs & trees be sweet3 may ! sun be sweet1 may k9e be sweet unto u4 ,he !n says namo6 namah6 ,:ile ! prie/s recite :atev] may be defici5t 9 ?is food2 :atev] may be imp]fect 9 ?is rite2 :atev] may be want+ 9 ?is =m2 may all t become faultless4 ,he %\ld !n fe$ ! ,brahmanas1 :om he has assembl$1 ei!r sil5tly di/ribut+ food among/ !m1 or add+ a respectful invitation to !m to eat4 ,:5 he has giv5 !m wat] to r9se _! m\?s1 he may consid] ! deceas$ z f$ ?r\gh _! int]v5tion4 ,! prie/s aga9 recite ! gayatri & ! pray] may ! w9ds bl[ sweet1 c41 & add ! prescrib$ pray]s1 :i* %\ld be foll[$ by ! music ( flageolets1 lutes1 drums1 c4 ,tak+ 9 8 left h& ano!r vessel conta9+ tila1 blossoms & wat]1 & 9 8 left h& a bru% made ( cusa grass1 he spr9kles wat] ov] ! grass spread on ! consecrat$ spot1 nam+ ! deceas$ & say+ ,may ?is ablution be acceptable to !e3 he aft]w>ds takes a cake or ball or food mix$ ) cl>ifi$ butt]1 & pres5ts x say+1 ,may ?is cake be acceptable to !e1 & deals out ! food ) ?is pray]2 ,ance/ors1 rejoice2 take y\r respective %>es1 & be /rong z bulls4 ,!n walk+ r\nd by ! left to ! nor!rn side ( ! consecrat$ spot1 & m$itat+1 ,ance/ors1 be glad2 take y\r respective %>es1 & be /rong z bulls1 he returns by ! same road1 & aga9 spr9kles wat] on ! gr\nd to wa% ! oblation1 say+1 ,may ?is ablution be acceptable to !e4 ,next1 t\*+ 8 hip ) 8 elb[1 or else 8 "r side1 & hav+ sipp$ wat]1 he mu/ make six libations ( wat] ) ! holl[ palms ( 8 h&s1 say+1 ,salvation unto !e1 ,o deceas$1 & unto ! sadd5+ hot season2 salvation unto !e1 ,o deceas$1 & unto ! mon? ( tapas or dewy season2 salvation unto !e1 ,o deceas$1 & unto t season :i* ab\nds ) wat]2 salvation unto !e1 ,o deceas$1 & to ! nect> ( blossoms2 salvation unto !e1 ,o deceas$1 & to ! t]rible & angry season2 salvation unto !e1 ,o deceas$1 & to female fire or ! sultry season4 ,he next (f]s a ?read on ! fun]al cake1 hold+ ! wet bru% 9 8 h&1 nam+ ! deceas$1 & say+1 ,may ?is raim5t be acceptable to !e2 ! prie/s add1 ,fa!rs1 ?is app>el is (f]$ unto y4 ,he !n sil5tly /rews p]fumes1 blossoms1 res91 & betel leaves1 z ! fun]al cake1 & places a light$ lamp on x4 ,he spr9kles wat] on ! bundle ( grass1 say+1 ,may ! wat]s be auspici\s2 & (f]s rice1 add+1 ,may ! blossoms be sweet3 may ! rice be h>mless2 & !n p\rs wat] on x1 nam+ ! deceas$ & say+1 ,may ?is food & dr9k be acceptable unto !e4 ,9 ! next place he /rews grass ov] ! fun]al cake1 & spr9kles wat] on x1 recit+ ?is pray]3 ,wat]s6 ye are ! food ( our prog5itors2 satisfy my p>5ts1 ye :o convey n\ri%m5t1 :i* is ambrosia1 butt]1 milk1 cattle1 & di/ill$ liquor4 ,la/ly1 he smells "s ( ! food1 & poises 9 8 h& ! fun]al cakes1 say+1 ,may ?is ball be :olesome food2 & concludes1 pay+ ! (ficiat+ prie/ 8 fee ) a =mal decl>ation1 ,i d give ?is fee 7consi/+ ( s mu* money7 to su* a "o 7a prie/ sprung f su* a family1 & :o uses su* a v$a & su* a sa*a ( x71 = ! purpose ( fully complet+ ! obsequies ?is day p]=m$ by me 9 hon\r ( "o p]son s+ly1 prep>atory to ! ga!r+ ( ! bones ( su* a "o deceas$4 ,aft] ! prie/ has ?rice said3 ,salutation to ! gods1 to prog5itors1 to mighty sa9ts1 c41 he dismisses him2 lights a lamp 9 hon\r ( ! deceas$2 m$itates on ,h]i ) undiv]t$ att5tion2 ca/s ! food1 & o!r ?+s us$ at ! obsequies1 into ! fire2 & !n proce$s to ! cemet]y = ! purpose ( ga!r+ ! a%es ( ! deceas$4 ,s long z m\rn+ la/s aft] ga!r+ ! a%es1 ! ne> relations ( ! deceas$ cont9ue to (f] wat] ) ! same =malities & pray]s z already m5tion$1 & to refra9 f factiti\s salt1 butt]1 c4 ,on ! la/ day ( m\rn+1 ! ne>e/ relation puts on neat app>el1 & causes 8 h\se & furniture to be clean$2 he !n goes out ( ! t[n1 & aft] (f]+ ! t5? fun]al cake1 he makes t5 libations ( wat] f ! palms ( 8 h&s2 causes ! hair ( 8 head & body to be %av$1 & 8 nails to be cut1 & gives ! b>b] ! clo!s :i* 7 worn at ! fun]al ( ! deceas$1 & adds "s o!r remun]ation4 ,he !n ano9ts 8 head & limbs1 d[n to 8 feet1 ) oil ( sesamum2 rubs all 8 limbs ) meal ( sesamum1 & 8 head ) ! gr\nd pods ( :ite mu/>d2 he ba!s1 sips wat]1 t\*es & blesses v>i\s auspici\s ?+s1 su* z /ones1 cl>ifi$ butt]1 leaves ( ,nimba1 :ite mu/>d1 ,durva grass1 coral1 a c[1 gold1 curds1 honey1 a mirror1 & a c\*1 & also t\*es a bamboo /aff4 ,he n[ returns purifi$ to 8 home1 & ?us completes ! fir/ obsequies ( ! deceas$4 ,! second s]ies ( obsequies1 comm5c+ on ! day aft] ! p]iod ( m\rn+ has elaps$1 is op5$ by a lu/ration t]m$ ! consolatory c]emony4 ,! lu/ration consi/s 9 ! consecration ( f\r vessels ( wat]1 & spr9kl+ !re) ! h\se1 ! furniture1 & ! p]sons belong+ to ! family4 ,aft] light+ a fire1 & bless+ ! att5dant ,brahmanas1 ! prie/ fills f\r vessels ) wat]1 &1 putt+ 8 h& into ! fir/1 m$itates ! gayatri1 be=e & aft] recit+ ! foll[+ pray]s3 #a4--,may g5]\s wat]s be auspici\s to u1 = ga9 & = refre%+ draughts2 may !y approa* t[>ds u1 t we may be associat$ ) good auspices4 #b4--;,e>? af=d u ease2 be free f ?orns2 be habitable4 ,widely ext5d$ z ?\ art1 procure u happ9ess4 #c4--,o wat]s6 s9ce ye af=d delight1 grant u food1 & ! raptur\s sight ( ! ,supreme ,be+4 #d4--,l t5d] mo!rs1 make u "h p>tak]s ( y\r mo/ auspici\s ess5ce4 ,putt+ 8 h& into ! second vessel1 ! prie/ m$itates ! gayatri1 & ! f\r pray]s above quot$2 add+ "s o!rs1 & conclud+ ?is second consecration ( wat] by once m m$itat+ ! gayatri4 ,!n tak+ a lump ( sug> & a copp] vessel 9 8 left h&1 bit+ ! sug> & spitt+ x out aga91 ! prie/ sips wat]4 ,aft]w>ds putt+ 8 h& into ! ?ird vessel1 he m$itates ! gayatri & ! f\r pray]s above cit$1 int]pos+ ?is3 ,may ,indra & ,v>una ! reg5ts ( ! sky & ( ! ocean accept our oblations1 & grant u happ9ess2 may ,indra & ! *]i%+ sun grant u happ9ess 9 ! di/ribution ( food2 may ,indra & ! moon grant u ! happ9ess ( atta9+ ! road to cele/ial bliss1 & ! association ( good auspices4 ,x is cu/om>y imm$iately aft] ?is lu/ration to give away a vessel ( tila1 & also a c[1 = ! sake ( secur+ ! passage ( ! deceas$ ov] ! ,vait>ani1 or riv] ( hell3 :5ce ! c[1 s giv51 is call$ ,vait>ani-dh5u4 ,aft]w>ds a b$1 ) its furniture1 is br\ght2 & ! giv] sits d[n ne> ! ,brahmana1 :o has be5 invit$ to receive ! pres5t4 ,aft] say+1 ,salutation to ?is b$ ) its furniture2 salutation to ?is prie/1 to :im x is giv51 he pays due hon\r to ! ,brahmana 9 ! usual =m ( hospitality4 ,he !n p\rs wat] into 8 h&1 say+1 ,i give !e ?is b$ ) its furniture2 ! prie/ replies1 give x4 ,^u ?is he spr9kles x ) wat]2 & tak+ up ! cusa grass1 tila1 & wat]1 deliv]s !m to ! prie/1 p\r+ ! wat] into 8 h&1 ) a =mal decl>ation ( ! gift & its purpose2 & aga9 deliv]s a bit ( gold ) cusa grass1 c41 mak+ a simil> =mal decl>ation1 #a4--,?is day1 ,i1 be+ desir\s ( obta9+ cele/ial bliss = su* a "o defunct1 d give unto !e1 su* a "o1 a ,brahmana desc5d$ f su* a family1 to :om due hon\r has be5 %[n1 ?is b$ & furniture1 :i* has be5 duly hon\r$1 & :i* is sacr$ to ,vi%nu4 #b4 ,?is day ,i give unto !e 7s & s7 ?is gold1 sacr$ to fire1 z a sac]dotal fee1 = ! sake ( confirm+ ! donation ,i h made ( ?is b$ & furniture4 ,! ,brahmana bo? times replies be x well4 ,!n ly+ ^u ! b$1 & t\*+ x ) ! upp] "p ( 8 middle f+]1 he m$itates ! gayatri ) suitable pray]s1 add+ ,?is b$ is sacr$ to ,vi%nu4 ,) simil> c]emonies & decl>ations he next gives away to a ,brahmana1 a gold5 image ( ! deceas$1 or else a gold5 idol1 or bo?4 ,aft]w>ds he di/ributes o!r pres5ts among ,brahmanas = ! great] hon\r ( ! deceas$4 ,( c\rse1 all ?is c only be done by ri* p4 ,! pr9cipal rema9+ c]emonies consi/ *iefly ( ! obsequies call$ sradhas4 ,! fir/ set ( fun]al c]emonies is adopt$ to effect1 by means ( oblations1 ! reimbody+ ( ! s\l ( ! deceas$1 aft] burn+ 8 corpse4 ,! app>5t scope ( ! second is to raise 8 %ade f ?is _w 7:]e x w\ld else1 accord+ to ! notions ( ! ,h9dus1 cont9ue to roam among demons & evil spirits71 up to heav51 & !re deify him1 z x 71 among ! manes ( dep>t$ ance/ors4 ,= ?is end1 a sradha %\ld regul>ly be (f]$ to ! deceas$ on ! day aft] m\rn+ expires2 twelve o!r sradhas s+ly to ! deceas$ 9 twelve successive mon?s3 simil> obsequies at ! end ( ! ?ird =tnight1 & also 9 ! six? mon?1 & 9 ! twelf?2 & ! oblation call$ ,sap9dana1 on ! fir/ anniv]s>y ( 8 decease4 ,9 mo/ prov9ces ! p]iods = ^! sixte5 c]emonies1 & = ! conclud+ obsequies entitl$ ,sap9dana1 are anticipat$1 & ! :ole is complet$ on ! second or ?ird day4 ,aft] :i* !y are aga9 p]=m$ at ! prop] times1 b 9 hon\r ( ! :ole set ( prog5itors1 in/ead ( ! deceas$ s+ly4 ,! obsequies int5d$ to raise ! %ade ( ! deceas$ to heav5 are ?us complet$4 ,aft]w>ds1 a sradha is annually (f]$ to him on ! anniv]s>y ( 8 decease4 ,:at we h j describ$1 elaborate z x looks1 is simply an abridgm5t ( ! long & complicat$ c]emonies att5dant ^u ! fun]al & aft] obsequies ( a ri* man among ! ,h9dus1 b x is en\gh = our purpose4 ,x %[s ! va/ importance atta*$ to ^? obsequies1 & enables u to und]/& ! desire on ! "p ( ^! ,h9dus to h *ildr5 :o w 9 a prop] & acceptable mann] c>ry out ^! proce$+s4 ,we h already quot$ f ! sacr$ books to %[ t a son 0 reg>d$ z bett] able to p]=m ^? duties ?an any o!r relation1 & t fail+ su* (fspr+ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature1 x 0 obligatory ^u ! w\ld be fa!r to adopt "o4 ,dulaure & "s o!r writ]s describe a v>iety ( c]emonies :i* 7 tak5 "p 9 by ! wom5 9 ord] to procure ! *ildr5 :o w\ld satisfy ! crav+s ( _! husb&s4 ,x is probable t a good deal ( :at took place at ! %r9es ( hea!n goddesses 9 o!r l&s1 arose f ?is anxiety1 & n altoge!r f a m]ely lic5ti\s habit ( "* & disposition4 ,x has be5 said1 z we may h already sugge/$ p]haps1 t ! prie/s connect$ ) "s ( ! temples resort$ to by *ildless wom5 = ! cure ( _! mis=tune1 7 cunn+ en\gh to provide = :at 0 want$ 9 a m practical way ?an by ! simple p]=mance ( c]ta9 c]emonies1 & t :]e ! failure to produce *ildr5 0 due to "s fault on ! "p ( ! husb&1 means 7 at h& by :i* ! woman soon f\nd h]self 9 ! desir$ condition4 ,x is r s+ul> t some?+ v simil> 0 f\nd among ! ,jewi% wom5 9 ! "t ( ,ezekiel1 z we h f\nd 9 ,india2 ! ,indian woman sacrific$ h] virg9ity at ! %r9e ( ! ,l+am1 & 9 ! #af? *apt] ( ! prophet's book1 v]se #ag1 we read3--,?\ did/ take also ?y fair jewels ( my gold1 & did/ make to ?yself images ( m51 & did/ commit :or$om ) !m4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 0 evid5tly ( a v diff]5t "* to ! =m]1 be+ no?+ m or less ?an ! impure wor%ip ( ,priapus z c>ri$ on 9 ! orgies ( ,osiris1 ,bac*us1 & ,adonis1 ! images ( ! ,hebrew wom5 be+ su* z ! ,priapi us$ 9 ^? c]emonies2 on no acc\nt mu/ ^? fooli% & fil?y practices be conf\nd$ ) t act ( wor%ip :i* m5 9 primitively simple condition r5d]$ to ! ag5ts employ$ 9 ! act ( g5]ation1 :i* 0 innoc5tly reg>d$ z only "o ( ! op]ations ( nature4 ,! moral ( ?is "p ( ! subject1 & ) :i* = ! pres5t we take leave ( x1 is ?is1 t ! ,ea/]n1 f 8 views ( ! future life1 deems x absolutely necess>y t he %\ld leave (fspr+1 ei!r real or adopt$1 beh9d him1 to c>ry out ! obligations impos$ by 8 religion1 & t 9 ord] to atta9 9 ! possession ( :at is to him su* a bless+1 he is call$ ^u to propitiate 9 e possible mann] ! physical ag5ts & p[]s employ$ 9 ! process1--h5ce ! rise & practice ( phallic wor%ip4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,see ,dudley's ,naology4 #b ,ed94 ,rev41 #ahgj1 p4 #bci4 #c ,jewitt4 #d ,hawk9s' ,sket* ( ! ,creek ,c\ntry4 #e ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w4 #f ,jewitt 9 ,art ,j\rnal1 #ahgf4 #g ,quot$ by ,jewitt1 9 ,art ,j\rnal1 #ahgd4 #h ,lysons1 ,our ,briti% ,ance/ors4 #i ,cory1 ,my?o4 ,inquiry4 #aj ,cory1 ,my?o4 ,inquiry4 #aa ,fab]1 ,orig4 ,pag4 ,idol4 #ab ,meyrick's ,c>digan4 #ac ,inman1 ,anc4 ,fai?s4 ,i4 #ad ,riv]s ( ,life4 #ae ,dr4 ,beke4 #af ,dr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,cox4 #ag ,ewald1 ,antiq4 ,israel4 #ah ,mems4 ,an?rop4 ,soc4 #a4 #ai ,lewis4 ,orig9es ,heb4 #bj ,keys ( ! ,cre$s1 ,v4